cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An empirical model of event scale cohesive bank profile evolution

The highly stochastic nature of riverbank erosion has driven the need for spatially explicit empirical models. Detailed bank profile surveys along a meander bend of the Brandywine Creek in Pennsylvania, USA, before and after 28 high flow events over a 2·5 year period are used to develop an empirical model of cohesive bank profile erosion. Two hundred and thirty-six bank erosion observations are classified as hydraulic erosion or subaerial erosion. Threshold conditions required to initiate bank erosion cannot be defined based on field measurements. Using the near-bank velocity and the number of freeze–thaw cycles as predictors, regression equations are derived for hydraulic erosion that specify the length, thickness, and location on the bank face of eroded blocks. An empirical discriminant function defines the critical geometry of overhang failures, and the volumes removed by overhang failures are computed using another regression equation. All the regression equations are significant, but have low correlation coefficients, suggesting that cohesive bank erosion has a strong stochastic component. Individual events typically remove small masses of soil (average volume 0·084 m3/m) a few centimeters thick (median = 0·057 m) and a few decimeters in length (median = 0·50 m) from the lower third of the bank. Hydraulic erosion is responsible for 87% of all erosion. When applied to three survey sites not used in its development, the profile model predicts the total volume of erosion with errors of 23%, 5% and 1%. Twenty-four percent of computed erosion volumes for single events are within 50% of observed volumes at these three sites. Extending the approach to decadal timescales and to entire bends will require three-dimensional observations of bank failure, and spatially and temporally explicit methods to account for the influence of individual large trees on bank failures and near-bank hydraulic processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot Study of an Active Screen Time Game Correlates with Improved Physical Fitness in Minority Elementary School Youth.

Abstract Objective: The aim of our feasibility study was to examine the acceptability and utility of “Dance Dance Revolution” (DDR) (Konami of America, Redwood City, CA)) to increase physical fitness in 8–11-year-old black and Hispanic youth. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight 4th and 5th grade children attending an afterschool program participated. Outcomes included physical activity, physical fitness, use of home DDR, survey of safety and acceptability, anthropometrics, and fasting metabolic profile measured at baseline, 12 weeks, and 30 weeks. Results: At 12 weeks, physical fitness (maximum O2 uptake [VO2max]) increased by 4.9±9.9 percent and was sustained through 30 weeks, when the VO2max was 105.0±9.9 percent (range, 93.0–133.9 percent) of baseline values. Absolute VO2max increased by 2.97±4.99 mL/kg/minute (95% confidence interval 0.75–5.19, P=0.013). Participants maintained an average of 1.12 hours/day of increased movement to music. Trends suggested increased total moderate–vigorous physical activ...
Newtons Quiescence of the Apsidesand Radially-Symmetric Attractions to a Center

La theorie de Newton sur la loi de la gravitation d'un point autour d'une orbite est demontree par le calcul differentiel du mouvement de ce point attire par un centre fixe
Structure—function studies of oligosaccharides of recombinant human thyrotrophin by sequential deglycosylation and resialylation

Recombinant human thyrotrophin (rhTSH) contains oligosaccharides terminating in -galactose-sialic acid, and had lower metabolic clearance and higher in vivo bioactivity compared to pituitary hTSH, which has oligosaccharides terminating predominantly in -N-acetylgalactosamine-sulphate. Previous studies using complete removal of the oligosaccharide chains showed an important role for the carbohydrate in the biological activity of the hormone. In the present study, we have determined the contribution of the individual monosaccharides to hormonal activity by sequential deglycosylation of rhTSH using exoglycosidases. We have also investigated the effect of resialylation of desialylated rhTSH using sialyltransferases. Sequential removal of sialic acid, galactose or N-acetylglucosamine resulted in a > 10-fold increase in the in vitro bioactivity of rhTSH. The metabolic clearance of the derivatives was faster than that of intact hormone, but agalacto-rhTSH was cleared slower than asialo-rhTSH. However, the in vivo bioactivity decreased progressively with each monosaccharide removal. The increased cyclic AMP-stimulating activity, increased metabolic clearance and the decreased in vivo biologic activity were all reversed by resialylation of the terminal galactose residues. These results indicate that the in vitro, as well as the in vivo, bioactivities of rhTSH are modulated by terminal sialylation. The effects of sequential deglycosylation on the in vitro activity of rhTSH are different from those reported earlier for human chorionic gonadotrophin. Thus, modification of the oligosaccharides by glycosidases and glycosyltransferases can be used as a powerful tool to delineate the function of carbohydrate in glycoproteins and to engineer more potent hormone analogues with a longer half-life and/or higher bioactivity.
Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies

Excerpt Monoclonal antibodies hold great promise for cancer treatment, because they can act specifically against cancer cells, an advantage unavailable in any other therapy. However many difficulti...
Janet's prayer.

Noon is cold and full of sun. Trying to pray for you, Janet, I watch bulldozers and backhoes knock down the house across the street, the one we used to stare at as we sat and rocked, rocked and talked, talked and worked together. I am thankful, dear friend, that you didn’t laugh when I said I would pray for you—I, a Jew, you a Catholic, both of us fallen away more times than the bricks tumbling across the street. I am trying to find some way to stay with you, a thousand miles away in that sterile room where they are drilling through your cranium in search of a tumor that branches exquisitely, you say, just like the oak tree across the street. You say you saved the X-ray film, will frame the tumor’s mysterious beauty, hang it in your office. Just to remember, you say, if you survive. To answer your question, yes, I did notice a stumble or two, a slur, a drift, but we’re in our fifties and who am I, forever forgetting things, banging into furniture and people, to find it odd. We’re all odd and getting odder. In the restaurant, we still laughed. Just another bit of slowing down, I thought, not a tumor speeding up. I am sitting where we have so often sat, watching. Now, Janet, everything is down, tree stumps and rubble carted off. Sure the house needed work, and perhaps the trees were a bit weary, but something could have been saved. Now there is only one tree left, roped off with a fence tied with pink ribbons, fought for and saved by neighbors. Yellow cranes and dusty dump trucks fill the space. All else is gone to make room. Is this prayer, Janet, to speak of gravel and re-grading instead of pleading with G-d for what I want? I want you well, to sit together again, laughing, cursing at the work we have to do, then glancing up to watch that huge oak play host to ivy and a black squirrel scurrying down towards hidden nuts. Can I pray by telling you of one last tree amidst dirt and dumpsters? I will keep my eye on those pink ribbons fluttering around the oak, the squirrel scampering there, and let my heart do its work, willing you well, willing you here. When you come in spring, perhaps the buzz saws will be gone. Perhaps there will be a garden with low flowering cherries as the new couple has promised. Perhaps young trees will be in full pink bloom. Perhaps. These are only words, Janet, like I promised. Words about trucks, a tree, things old and new. Words about aging, anger, loss. And hope—hope that right things remain and wrong things are removed. This a prayer for you, Janet. I hope.
Neuroimaging in Primary Progressive Aphasia

Neuroimaging is a standard part of a primary progressive aphasia (PPA) diagnostic work-up and an important component of research investigating changes in the speech-language network in patients wit...
Oceanography: anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH.

The coming centuries may see more ocean acidification than the past 300 million years. Most carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels will eventually be absorbed by the ocean1, with potentially adverse consequences for marine biota2,3,4. Here we quantify the changes in ocean pH that may result from this continued release of CO2 and compare these with pH changes estimated from geological and historical records. We find that oceanic absorption of CO2 from fossil fuels may result in larger pH changes over the next several centuries than any inferred from the geological record of the past 300 million years, with the possible exception of those resulting from rare, extreme events such as bolide impacts or catastrophic methane hydrate degassing.
ON THE ITERATED SUSPENSION

Our space B2n-1,2 is the fiber of a map cp.: R2S2np+1+S2np-1 but wedo not know whether q,,~rr,,~ Conjecture 15 of [4] would follow if this were true. In Section 2 we will give a clutching construction which yields quasifibrations over mapping cones. This will be applied in Section 3 to construct a fundamental diagram of fibrations. In Sections 4 and 5 we will establish properties in decreasing order of generality, culminating in Theorems 8 and 9. Throughout this paper we will work with homotopy C W-complexes. We will denote by
Remarks on relativistic radiative reaction

It is shown explicitly that the loss of kinetic energy of a highly relativistic particle in magnetic field is, in general, at the cost of both its transverse and longitudinal motion. Also, in radiation problems it is convenient aad appropriate to make a Lorentz transformation into an inertial frame in which the accelerated particle is momentarily at rest.
MDR-1 gene expression, anthracycline retention and cytotoxicity in human lung-tumor cells from refractory patients.

Lung-tumor cells from pleural effusion of four refractory patients and in cell lines established from them were analyzed for anthracycline retention, cytotoxicity, and MDR-1 gene and P-glycoprotein expression. Murine leukemic P388 and doxorubicin-resistant P388/R84 lines were used as controls. The 50% growth-inhibitory concentration (IC50) for doxorubicin among lung-tumor lines varied from 0.16 to 0.31 μM in soft agar. Heterogeneity in doxorubicin or daunorubicin retention and response to the efflux-blocking action of 25 μm prochlorperazine was noted in pleural effusion of FCCL-1,-4, and-8. Among the cell lines established, an efflux-blocking effect in a subpopulation was noticed only in FCCL-1 and-4. Although the MDR-1 gene was present in all cell lines, including P388, its expression was pronounced only in P388/R84 and FCCL-1. In situ hybridization of antisense RNA probe to tumor cells showed high heterogeneity for MDR-1 message in the human lung-tumor cells as compared with the murine cells. Northern and slot blot hybridization confirmed in situ hybridization in lines with high levels of MDR-1 expression. The synthesis of MDR-1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein in tumor lines was correlated. The results suggest that because of extensive tumor-cell heterogeneity in human tumors, monitoring of MDR expression by in situ hybridization, quantitation of P0glycoprotein content by laser flow cytometry (and/or immunohistochemical methods), and drug efflux (by laser flow cytometry) may be the best ways to monitor multidrug resistance in human tumors.
Antibody to hepatitis B virus induced by injecting antibodies to the idiotype

Anti-idiotype reagents that recognize a common idiotype associated with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were used to induce anti-HBs in mice. The anti-idiotype-induced anti-HBs was found to recognize the group-specifica determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen and to express an interspecies idiotype. These findings suggest that anti-idiotypes may be useful as vaccines or vaccine primers.
A process approach for selecting ERP software: the case of Omega airlines

Omega Airlines, an international air carrier, provides air transportation services for passengers and cargo both to domestic and international arenas. Omega Airline's purchased People Soft's ERP solution (finance, human resources, and payroll applications) for the sum of US$86 million. The ERP acquisition process that Omega Airline's went through took approximately 9 months and was completed by the summer of 1996. The structure of the acquisition process that emerged from the data revealed six distinctive iterative, recursive and inter-related processes that, together, form a complex web of activity and tasks for the acquisition of ERP software. These activities and tasks are described and analyzed as a function of the six processes. The ERP acquisition process developed by Omega Airlines for this purchase was a typical of their normal purchasing practices and proved to be a significant learning experience for the entire organization. This case provides a useful illustration of 'good practice' and sets forth the framework for the ERP acquisition process.
Evidence for the neuropeptide cholecystokinin as an antagonist of opiate analgesia

The endogenous neuropeptide cholecystokinin, when administered systemically or perispinally, potently antagonizes opiate analgesia produced by foot shock and morphine. Nonopiate foot-shock analgesia is not reduced by this neuropeptide. The spinal cord appears to be a critical site of cholecystokinin action. These experiments suggest a physiological role for cholecystokinin as a specific opiate antagonist in analgesia-mediating systems. A similar mode of action may explain other behavioral effects of cholecystokinin, such as suppression of food intake.
Imaging of gene expression in living cells and tissues

It is possible to observe gene expression within single cells using a tetracycline inducible promoter for activation. Transcription can be observed by using a fluorescent fusion protein to bind nascent RNA. Ultimately, it is desirable to activate a reporter gene within a single cell with only photons. This is achieved by preparing a chemically altered transcription factor that is functionally unable to activate a reporter gene until it is exposed to photon excitation. We apply two-photon imaging to visualize tumor cells expressing a transgene and ultimately this approach will provide the means to activate a specific gene within a single cell within any tissue to ultimately observe its functional significance in situ.
Potential outcome factors in subacute combined degeneration: review of observational studies.

BACKGROUND: Subacute combined degeneration is an acquired myelopathy caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Therapy with B12 leads to improvement in most but to complete recovery in only a few patients. Prognostic indicators in subacute combined degeneration are unknown; therefore, predicting complete recovery of neurologic deficits is challenging.
Flame propagation in stratified hydrogen–air mixtures: Spark placement effects

Abstract Two-dimensional laminar flame simulations of a forced-ignition event in an initially quiescent mixing layer of hydrogen and air have been carried out at atmospheric pressure using detailed chemistry and effective binary diffusion coefficients. Since control of the ignition location is known to be critical in direct-injection spark-ignition engines, this study primarily investigates the effect of initial spark placement within the flammability limits of hydrogen–air. Displacement and stabilization speeds of the propagating flame fronts have been computed along isocontours of water vapor representing 10% and 25% of the downstream equilibrium concentration. Following the period of spark energy addition the flame kernel is observed to develop into tribrachial flames that subsequently propagate along the stoichiometric line. For all cases of successful ignition, transient spark effects are observed to dissipate within 0.18 ms. Subsequent structure and propagation speed of the flame are not influenced by the transient development phase.
The Service Factor Rating of Arc-Welding Generators and Transformers

The primary purpose of rating an electrical machine is to give the user an idea of what he may expect from the unit which he purchases. It is the purpose of this paper to propose a method of rating arc-welding generators and transformers which will give a truer picture of their working ability than is afforded by the present one-hour rating. Such a method of rating will be beneficial both to the customer who buys and uses arc welders and to the manufacturers who produce and market the units. The user will be better able to select a machine which will do the job to be performed, and at the same time he will be assured that he is not purchasing a machine unduly large for his requirements. The present custom is to give welding transformers and generators a one-hour rating, specifying the current they can deliver for a one-hour period, starting cold, without exceeding the permissible temperature rise. The plan here proposed is to give them a current rating indicative of their normal operating capacity, or short-time welding ability; and an additional service factor rating, indicative of their continuous current capacity, as limited by thermal considerations. All electric apparatus has these two major limitations on its output, one a ``size'' limit expressed by breakdown torque, commutation limit, or voltage drop; and the other a thermal limit expressed by the degrees temperature rise permissible for the type of insulation used.
Process/equipment co-simulation for design and analysis of advanced energy systems

Abstract The grand challenge facing the power and energy industries is the development of efficient, environmentally friendly, and affordable technologies for next-generation energy systems. To provide solutions for energy and the environment, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and its research partners in industry and academia are relying increasingly on the use of sophisticated computer-aided process design and optimization tools. In this paper, we describe recent progress toward developing an Advanced Process Engineering Co-Simulator (APECS) for the high-fidelity design, analysis, and optimization of energy plants. The APECS software system combines steady-state process simulation with multiphysics-based equipment simulations, such as those based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These co-simulation capabilities enable design engineers to optimize overall process performance with respect to complex thermal and fluid flow phenomena arising in key plant equipment items, such as combustors, gasifiers, turbines, and carbon capture devices. In this paper we review several applications of the APECS co-simulation technology to advanced energy systems, including coal-fired energy plants with carbon capture. This paper also discusses ongoing co-simulation R&D activities and challenges in areas such as CFD-based reduced-order modeling, knowledge management, advanced analysis and optimization, and virtual plant co-simulation. Continued progress in co-simulation technology – through improved integration, solution, and deployment – will have profound positive impacts on the design and optimization of high-efficiency, near-zero emission fossil energy systems.
A Theoretical Study of the [4 + 4] Dimerization of Thioformylketene

A theoretical study (B3LYP and G3MP2B3) of the dimerization of thioformylketene (1) was performed. Four pathwaystwo [4 + 2] pathways with thioformylketene (1), one [4 + 4] pathway with 1, and one [4 + 2] pathway involving 1 and thietone (11)were considered. Interestingly, the [4 + 4] pathway with 1 had the lowest barrier (3.8 kcal/mol). The geometry of the transition state TS14 is unusual, with the forming bonds in the plane of the ketene. This suggests that the reaction is pseudopericyclic.
A randomized trial of massage therapy after heart surgery

Objectives To determine whether massage therapy improves postoperative mood, pain, anxiety, and physiologic measurements; shortens hospital stay; and decreases occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Methods Two hundred fifty-two adults undergoing cardiac surgery were randomized to usual postoperative care (n = 126) or usual care plus two massages (n = 126). Assessments of mood, depression, anxiety, pain, physiologic status, cardiac rhythm, and hospital length of stay were completed. Logistic and linear regressions were performed. Results Preoperative pain, mood, and affective state scores were positively associated with postoperative scores; however, there were no postoperative differences between groups for any measures ( P = .11 to .93). There were no differences in physiologic variables except lower postoperative blood pressure after massage ( P = .01). Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence ( P = .6) and median postoperative hospital length of stay ( P = .4) were similar between groups. Conclusion Massage therapy is feasible in cardiac surgical patients; however, it does not yield therapeutic benefit. Nevertheless, it should be a patient-selected and -paid option.
Acute Cerebellar Ataxia and Hearing Loss as Initial Symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis

• A 16-year-old boy had symptoms and signs of cerebellar ataxia and hearing loss. He had no systemic manifestations of infectious mononucleosis and no lymphocytosis. Results of a test for infectious mononucleosis were positive and there was a fourfold rise of serum antibody titer to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen. The patient recovered from ataxia but the hearing loss persisted. We reviewed the English literature and 15 cases of cerebellar ataxia associated with infectious mononucleosis were collected. In four of these cases, cerebellar ataxia was the sole manifestation of infectious mononucleosis but no patient had a hearing loss. All patients recovered from ataxia.
On a two-scatterer theory of sea echo

Results of visual observations and statistical analyses on the polarization dependence of fluctuations in radar echo are given. Some data are also given on relative power, as a function of polarization, contained in the two distinctly different fluctuation spectra observed. The fast fluctuations are from wind ripples, and the slower fluctuations are strongly dependent on the sea structure. The information on fluctuations is given as support of a two-scatterer concept for sea echo. The scatterers are: 1) a wind-dependent fine structure of the sea (ripples) interspersed with 2) smooth areas (facets) of the wave structure. The composite theory for rough surfaces developed recently in both the United States and the Soviet Union predicts that average radar cross section of sea echo for transmitting and receiving horizontal polarization never exceeds that for vertical polarization. However, measurements at near grazing incidence yield average HH cross sections that sometimes exceed average VV cross sections, and the observations reported herein suggest that reflection from facets is the cause. The composite theory includes the facets only in the sense of varying the slope of the waves on which the ripples are located. Therefore, the need is emphasized for a sea echo theory that is applicable to small incidence angles and includes the effects of the facets.
Neurocandidiasis: a case report and consideration of the causes of restricted diffusion

Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging has risen to the forefront of imaging for acute stroke. However, the differential diagnosis of restricted diffusion is wide and includes ischemia, metabolic derangements, infections, and highly-cellular masses. We present a case of central nervous system (CNS) candidiasis presenting radiographically as bilateral punctate areas of restricted magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion in the basal ganglia. This case illustrates the value of carefully considering the causes of restricted diffusion in the brain, notably to be broader than acute stroke and to include invasive fungal infections.
Reliability in the use of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale for educable mentally retarded adolescents.

Summary The Tennessee Self Concept Scale was administered in a 10-week test-retest situation to 39 educable mentally retarded adolescents. Low to moderate reliability coefficients indicated the need for more extensive normative information and for caution in evaluation of test scores in the study of EMR adolescents' self-concept. The obtained coefficients suggest the possibility that the self-concept of individual EMR adolescents is a more variable psychological characteristic than has been previously indicated in the research literature and that this variability needs to be more carefully assessed.
Measuring enzyme activity in single cells

Seemingly identical cells can differ in their biochemical state, function and fate, and this variability plays an increasingly recognized role in organism-level outcomes. Cellular heterogeneity arises in part from variation in enzyme activity, which results from interplay between biological noise and multiple cellular processes. As a result, single-cell assays of enzyme activity, particularly those that measure product formation directly, are crucial. Recent innovations have yielded a range of techniques to obtain these data, including image-, flow- and separation-based assays. Research to date has focused on easy-to-measure glycosylases and clinically-relevant kinases. Expansion of these techniques to a wider range and larger number of enzymes will answer contemporary questions in proteomics and glycomics, specifically with respect to biological noise and cellular heterogeneity.
A Corepressor/Coactivator Exchange Complex Required for Transcriptional Activation by Nuclear Receptors and Other Regulated Transcription Factors

Abstract The mechanisms that control the precisely regulated switch from gene repression to gene activation represent a central question in mammalian development. Here, we report that transcriptional activation mediated by liganded nuclear receptors unexpectedly requires the actions of two highly related F box/WD-40-containing factors, TBL1 and TBLR1, initially identified as components of an N-CoR corepressor complex. TBL1/TBLR1 serve as specific adaptors for the recruitment of the ubiquitin conjugating/19S proteasome complex, with TBLR1 selectively serving to mediate a required exchange of the nuclear receptor corepressors, N-CoR and SMRT, for coactivators upon ligand binding. Tbl1 gene deletion in embryonic stem cells severely impairs PPARγ-induced adipogenic differentiation, indicating that TBL1 function is also biologically indispensable for specific nuclear receptor-mediated gene activation events. The role of TBLR1 and TBL1 in cofactor exchange appears to also operate for c-Jun and NFκB and is therefore likely to be prototypic of similar mechanisms for other signal-dependent transcription factors.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Regorafenib for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Purpose Regorafenib is a standard-care option for treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer that increases median overall survival by 6 weeks compared with placebo. Given this small incremental clinical benefit, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of regorafenib in the third-line setting for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer from the US payer perspective. Methods We developed a Markov model to compare the cost and effectiveness of regorafenib with those of placebo in the third-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Health outcomes were measured in life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Drug costs were based on Medicare reimbursement rates in 2014. Model robustness was addressed in univariable and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results Regorafenib provided an additional 0.04 QALYs (0.13 life-years) at a cost of $40,000, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $900,000 per QALY. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for regorafenib was > $550,00...
Dual Regulation of a Chimeric Plant Serine/Threonine Kinase by Calcium and Calcium/Calmodulin*

A chimeric Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) gene characterized by a catalytic domain, a calmodulin-binding domain, and a neural visinin-like Ca(2+)-binding domain was recently cloned from plants. The Escherichia coli-expressed CCaMK phosphorylates various protein and peptide substrates in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent manner. The calmodulin-binding region of CCAMK has similarity to the calmodulin-binding region of the alpha-subunit of multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). CCaMK exhibits basal autophosphorylation at the threonine residue(s) (0.098 mol of P-32/mol) that is stimulated 3.4-fold by Ca(2+) (0.339 mol of P-32/mol), while calmodulin inhibits Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation to the basal level. A deletion mutant lacking the visinin-like domain did not show Ca(2+)-simulated autophosphorylation activity but retained Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity at a reduced level. Ca(2+)-dependent mobility shift assays using E.coli-expressed protein from residues 358-520 revealed that Ca(2+) binds to the visinin-like domain. Studies with site-directed mutants of the visinin-like domain indicated that EF-hands II and III are crucial for Ca(2+)-induced conformational changes in the visinin-like domain. Autophosphorylation of CCaMK increases Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity by about 5-fold, whereas it did not affect its C(2+)-independent activity. This report provides evidence for the existence of a protein kinase in plants that is modulated by Ca(2+) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin. The presence of a visinin-like Ca(2+)-binding domain in CCaMK adds an additional Ca(2+)-sensing mechanism not previously known to exist in the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-mediated signaling cascade in plants.
The effects of safety behaviors on health anxiety: an experimental investigation.

The present study examined the extent to which safety behaviors exacerbate symptoms of hypochondriasis (severe health anxiety). Participants were randomized into a safety behavior (n ¼30) or control condition (n ¼30). After a baseline period, participants in the safety behavior condition spent one week actively engaging in a clinically representative array of health-related safety behaviors on a daily basis, followed by a second week-long baseline period. Participants in the control condition monitored their normal use of safety behaviors. Compared to control participants, those in the safety behavior condition reported significantly greater increases in health anxiety, hypochondriacal beliefs, contamination fear, and avoidant responses to health-related behavioral tasks after the safety behavior manipulation. In contrast, general anxiety symptoms did not significantly differ between the two groups as a function of the manipulation. Mediational analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the frequency of health-related thoughts mediated the effects of the experimental manipulation on health anxiety. These findings suggest that safety behaviors are associated with increases in health anxiety, perhaps by fostering catastrophic thoughts about health. The implications of these findings for the conceptualization of hypochondriasis as an anxiety disorder are discussed.
Stigmatized and Dominant Cultural Groups Differentially Interpret Positive Feedback

Members of stigmatized cultural groups may view positive feedback from a dominant group member more negatively than do dominant cultural group members. In this experiment, a White evaluator praised or did not praise either Black or White students for a good academic performance. The students then indicated their perceptions of the evaluator’s politeness and performance expectations and their feelings about their performance. Praised Black students rated the evaluator as less polite than did nonpraised Black students, whereas praise did not affect the White students’ evaluations of the evaluator’s politeness. Black students tended to attribute praise to the evaluator’s low expectations, whereas the White students tended to attribute praise to high expectations.The Black students also felt better about their performance than did the White students. The discussion raises additional questions for future research.
Dehydration-induced cross tolerance of Belgica antarctica larvae to cold and heat is facilitated by trehalose accumulation

Larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae), are frequently exposed to dehydrating conditions on the Antarctic Peninsula. In this study, we examined how rates and levels of dehydration alter heat and cold tolerance and how these relate to levels of trehalose within the insect. When dehydrated, larvae tolerated cold and heat stress more effectively, although resistance to cold was more pronounced than heat resistance. Slow dehydration was more effective than rapid dehydration in increasing temperature tolerance. Severe dehydration (50% reduction in water content) caused a much greater increase in temperature tolerance than did mild dehydration (e.g. 10% water loss). Larvae severely dehydrated at a slow rate (98% RH) were more temperature tolerant than those dehydrated quickly (0 or 75% RH). These results indicate that the slower dehydration rate allows the larvae to more effectively respond to reduced water levels and that physiological adjustments to desiccation provide cross tolerance to cold and heat. Levels of trehalose increased during dehydration and are likely a major factor increasing subsequent cold and heat resistance. This hypothesis was also supported by experimental results showing that injection of trehalose enhanced resistance to temperature stress and dehydration. We conclude that changes in temperature tolerance in B. antarctica are linked to the rate and severity of dehydration and that trehalose elevation is a probable mechanism enhancing this form of cross tolerance.
A Spatial Filtering Specification for the Autologistic Model

The autologistic model describes binary correlated data; its spatial version describes georeferenced binary data exhibiting spatial dependence. The conventional specification of a spatial autologistic model involves difficult-to-nearly-impossible computations to ensure that appropriate sets of probabilities sum to 1. Work summarized here accounts for spatial autocorrelation by including latent map pattern components as covariates in a model specification. These components derive from the surface zonation scheme used to aggregate attribute data, to construct a geographic weights matrix, and to evaluate geographic variability. The illustrative data analysis is based upon field plot observations for the pathogen Phytophthora capsici that causes disease in pepper plants. Results are compared with pseudolikelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation techniques, both for the empirical example and for two simulation experiments associated with it. The principal finding is that synthetic map pattern variables...
Unrecognized bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation after general anesthesia with a delay in diagnosis and management: a case report

Introduction Anterior bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation is not an uncommon occurrence and has been reported before. However, its diagnosis can easily be overlooked, especially by clinicians who are unfamiliar with this pathology. Continuous discussion of the pathology is required to prevent delays in diagnosis, which can lead to long-term sequelae for the patient.
Rezoned for business : how eco-tourism unlocked black farmland in eastern Zimbabwe

A symposium paper on how eco-tourism ventures are impacting negatively on the black small-holder farmers in Zimbabwe's rural areas.
Treating Childhood Obesity in Primary Care

The objective of this prospective, cohort study was to assess an intervention for obese children (9-12 years of age) and their families delivered in primary care. A family-based, behavioral weight management program consisted of 11 sessions. The treatment consisted of a calorie goal, self-monitoring of daily food intake, physical activity and sedentary behavior, and other behavior change skills. A total of 78 children and families entered treatment; 23 children served as quasi-controls. The mean weight loss at 15 weeks among 55 children (71%) who completed the program was 2.4 lbs (SD = 5.24, range of -16.7 to +8.4 lbs) compared with a mean weight gain of 3.45 lbs (SD = 4.31, range of -5.0 to +12.0 lbs) among 23 control children. The mean change in body mass index z score from baseline to month 24 was -0.17 ± 0.32 (P < .001). Primary care is an appropriate place to identify and treat children with obesity.
Spanner's concurrency control

The Spanner project reports that one can build practical large-scale systems that combine strong semantics with geo-distribution. In this review manuscript, we provide insight on how Spanner's concurrency control provides both read-only transactions which avoid locking data, and strong consistency.
An OSSE Framework Based on the Ensemble Square Root Kalman Filter for Evaluating the Impact of Data from Radar Networks on Thunderstorm Analysis and Forecasting

Abstract A framework for Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) based on the ensemble square root Kalman filter (EnSRF) technique for assimilating data from more than one radar network is described. The system is tested by assimilating simulated radial velocity and reflectivity data from a Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar and a network of four low-cost radars planned for the Oklahoma test bed by the new National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA). Such networks are meant to adaptively probe the lower atmosphere that is often missed by the existing WSR-88D radar network, so as to improve the detection of low-level hazardous weather events and to provide more complete data for the initialization of numerical weather prediction models. Different from earlier OSSE work with ensemble Kalman filters, the radar data are sampled on the radar elevation levels and a more realistic forward operator based on ...
3D FSE Cube and VIPR-aTR 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging predicts canine cranial cruciate ligament structural properties.

Estimation of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) structural properties in client-owned dogs with incipient cruciate rupture would be advantageous. The objective of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of normal CrCL volume in an ex-vivo canine model predicts structural properties. Stifles from eight dogs underwent 3.0 Tesla 3D MRI. CrCL volume and normalized median grayscale values were determined using 3D Fast Spin Echo (FSE) Cube and Vastly under-sampled Isotropic PRojection (VIPR)-alternative repetition time (aTR) sequences. Stifles were then mechanically tested. After joint laxity testing, CrCL structural properties were determined, including displacement at yield, yield load, load to failure, and stiffness. Yield load and load to failure (R(2)=0.56, P 0.57, P <0.005). In conclusion, 3D MRI offers a predictive method for estimating canine CrCL structural properties. 3D MRI may be useful for monitoring CrCL properties in clinical trials.
Evaluation and integration of cancer gene classifiers: identification and ranking of plausible drivers

Evaluation and integration of cancer gene classifiers: identification and ranking of plausible drivers
Label-free proteomic methodology for the analysis of human kidney stone matrix composition

Kidney stone matrix protein composition is an important yet poorly understood aspect of nephrolithiasis. We hypothesized that this proteome is considerably more complex than previous reports have indicated and that comprehensive proteomic profiling of the kidney stone matrix may demonstrate relevant constitutive differences between stones. We have analyzed the matrices of two unique human calcium oxalate stones (CaOx-Ia and CaOx-Id) using a simple but effective chaotropic reducing solution for extraction/solubilization combined with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to generate a comprehensive profile of their proteomes, including physicochemical and bioinformatic analysis.` We identified and quantified 1,059 unique protein database entries in the two human kidney stone samples, revealing a more complex proteome than previously reported. Protein composition reflects a common range of proteins related to immune response, inflammation, injury, and tissue repair, along with a more diverse set of proteins unique to each stone. The use of a simple chaotropic reducing solution and moderate sonication for extraction and solubilization of kidney stone powders combined with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry has yielded the most comprehensive list to date of the proteins that constitute the human kidney stone proteome.
Partially stabilized ZrO2 particle-MoSi2 matrix composites

A 30 vol % partially stabilized ZrO2 particle-MoSi2 matrix composite was synthesized by hot pressing to 96% theoretical density at 1700°C. No chemical reactions between the PSZ and MoSi2 were observed after hot pressing, indicating thermodynamic stability of these species. The composite formed an adherent and coherent glassy-appearing oxidation layer after oxidation at 1500°C. The room temperature indentation fracture toughness of the composite was 2.5 times that of pure MoSi2. These results demonstrate the feasibility of PSZ particle-MoSi2 matrix composites.
Experimental infection of human foreskin cultures with BK virus, a human papovavirus.

SummaryCell cultures derived from foreskins of 19 newborn infants were exposed to irradiated or unirradiated BK virus (BKV), an SV40-related papovavirus infection of man, and were observed for viral cytopathic effect (CPE) and for possible transformation. Four of the cultures were passed serially and maintained for a period of 9 weeks on medium containing BKV anti-serum. All infected cultures developed viral CPE. Irradiation of virus delayed but did not prevent viral CPE. In nearly one-half of the cultures, some regrowth occurred following extensive virus-induced destruction of the cell sheets but the regrown cells, as a rule, remained infected with BKV and could not be passed. In two instances, regrown cells (JV-1 and JV-2) could be passed, and these had some of the characteristics of transformed cells. They were essentially free of BKV viral antigen but contained, in over 90% of the cells, the intranuclear T antigen. They were resistant to superinfection with BKV. In contrast to the uninfected control c...
High density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with spinal cord injury: The potential role of physical activity

High density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with spinal cord injury: The potential role of physical activity
A Comparative Study of Hemiptera

Insects belonging to the order Hemiptera are sometimes classified according to their food habits into five groups, viz.: the phytosuccivorous (plant-sucking), the predatory (predacious), the algophagous (algae-feeders), the mycetophagous (fungus-feeders) and the haematophagous (blood-sucking). The writer has long been interested in knowing to what extent such a classification is justified on the basis of structural differentiation; hence, the present study.
Perching a Minimally-Actuated Micro Air Vehicle

A method for perching a minimally actuated glider is presented. The equations of motion governing the ight of the vehicle are described along with the guidance strategy that produces the outer loop control signals. Several inner loop control strategies are then presented. The minimally actuated vehicle and the testing environment are described which introduces several unique challenges and opportunities. The perching maneuver is successfully demonstrated with three inner loop control strategies. Performance metrics for the inner loop control strategies are presented and future work is discussed.
Rapid extinction of conditioned reinforcement effects in the signaled absence of primary reinforcement

Six male albino rats were trained on a multiple schedule involving intermittent white noise and sucrose solution for bar-pressing in the presence of one stimulus and extinction in the presence of the second stimulus. Mien responding in the second stimulus context reached a low level, the noise was made available for each response in that context. The noise functioned as a conditioned reinforcer, temporarily raising response rates in the second stimulus context above their earlier level The reinforcing effects of the noise quickly extinguished, suggesting procedural or species-specific differences between the current study and recent research with pigeons.
Activation of photodynamic therapy in vitro with Cerenkov luminescence generated from Yttrium-90(Conference Presentation)

Translation of photodynamic therapy to the clinical setting has primarily been limited to easily accessible and/or superficial diseases where traditional light delivery can be performed noninvasively. Cerenkov luminescence, as generated from medically relevant radionuclides, has been suggested as a means to deliver light to deeper tissues noninvasively in order to overcome this depth limitation. We report on the use of Cerenkov luminescence generated from Yttrium-90 as a means to active the photodynamic therapy process in monolayer tumor cell cultures. The current study investigates the utility of Cerenkov luminescence for activating both the clinically relevant aminolevulinic acid at 1.0 mM and also the more efficient photosensitizer TPPS2a at 1.2 µM. Cells were incubated with aminolevulinic acid for 6 hours prior to radionuclide addition, as well as additional daily treatments for three days. TPPS2a was delivered as a single treatment with an 18 hour incubation time before radionuclide addition. Experiments were completed for both C6 glioma cells and MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells. Although aminolevulinic acid proved ineffective for generating a therapeutic effect at any activity for either cell line, TPPS2a produced at least a 20% therapeutic effect at activities ranging from 6 to 60 µCi/well for the C6 cell line. Current results demonstrate that it may be possible to generate a therapeutic effect in vivo using Cerenkov luminescence to activate the photodynamic therapy process with clinically relevant photosensitizers.
Mongolian long-tune under the Folk Culture Domain

The rescue and protection of Mongolian long-tune is a large-scale,complexity system engineering,and environmental and cultural heritage protection of the environment is the foundation work.Protection should be based on long-tune folk geography,folk literature and folk life basis."School" type of research and conservation is very important,and collegial support for research is based on the field and traditions.
Population Genetics of the Copperhead at Its Most Northeastern Distribution

Population genetic data are an important standard with which to gauge demography and gene flow within and among biodiversity units, and are often gathered on species of conservation concern. Yet an exclusive focus on ‘conservation immediacy' can also have negative consequences. For example, it can shift monitoring efforts away from more abundant and/or widely distributed clades and, by so doing, promote a more myopic approach to conservation and management. A current example concerns North American pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae), within which listed species of Crotalus and Sistrurus receive considerable population genetic attention whereas broadly distributed Agkistrodon is largely overlooked. To address this disparity, we used 22 polymorphic tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci to explore genetic structure, diversity, and relatedness in a Connecticut population of Copperhead (A. contortrix). Three admixed genetic clusters were identified across five winter dens, with overall and sex-specific relatedne...