cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION AND THE NATURE OF EDAPHIC ENDEMISM IN THE GENUS CALOCHORTUS (LILIACEAE)

Bulb and leaf tissues from five species in the genus Calochortus and the soils from collection sites were analyzed for cation and trace element concentrations. All five species, only three of which are considered ultramafic endemics, possessed high concentrations of nickel and copper in both the bulbs and leaves, but not at levels high enough (> 1% dry wt) to be considered hyperaccumulators. Only moderate to trace amounts of cobalt and chromium were detected in both plant tissues. Calcium-magnesium ratios, typically low in ultramafic soils and plants, were low in bulb tissue, but two to 10 times higher in leaf tissue. The ability to tolerate excessively high levels of nickel and other heavy metals may be a physiological exaptation of the genus Calochortus and not necessarily an evolutionary response by several species to life on an ultramafic substrate. The nature of"serpentine" endemism is discussed in the context of heavy metal accumulation by various plant species.
Rejecting, accepting or merely writing about negative aspects of the self: are they different paths to the same end?

There lacks a clear academic or clinical consensus regarding the best methods by which individuals should attempt to manage negative thoughts and feelings, particularly as they pertain to assessments of the self or one's personality. One hundred and sixty-one undergraduates completed this study which considered whether it is more advantageous to accept, alter or merely write about negative aspects of the self. While there were no statistically significant between-group differences in self-perceived helpfulness by having subjects either accept, reject or merely write about a negative thought, there was evidence suggesting that all three methods were more helpful than not. These findings are consistent with previous empirical evidence that all three techniques might be beneficial in coping with personally defined negative aspects of the self. Theoretical and clinical implications and applications are also considered.
The functional form of the aggregate import demand equation

Abstract The theory of international trade gives little guidance on the appropriate functional form to use when specifying and estimating an import demand equation. The choice between the standard linear and log-linear specifications is thus essentially an empirical one. The purpose of this paper is to decide on empirical grounds the form of the aggregate import demand equation for the United States, Canada and Japan. A test that allows the data to dictate the appropriate functional form was performed on standard import equations and it was discovered that for these countries a log-linear specification was better than a linear one.
Effect of single amino acid substitutions at positions 49 and 60 on the thermal unfolding of the tryptophan synthase α subunit from Salmonella typhimurium

We have used circular dichroism measurements to compare the thermal unfolding of the wild type tryptophan synthase alpha subunit from Salmonella typhimurium with that of seven mutant forms with single amino acid replacements at two active site residues. Glutamic acid 49 has been replaced by phenylalanine, glutamine, or aspartic acid. Aspartic acid 60 has been replaced by alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, or tyrosine. Thermodynamic properties (delta G, delta H, delta S, and Tm) of the wild type and mutant forms have been determined experimentally by measuring the free energy of unfolding as a function of temperature. Increasing the pH from 7.0 to 8.8 decreases the tm of the wild type alpha subunit from 56 to 45 degrees C. The thermal unfolding of the wild type alpha subunit and of six of the seven mutant forms can be described as reversible, two-state transitions. In contrast, the melting curve of a mutant alpha subunit in which aspartic acid 60 is replaced by tyrosine indicates the presence of a folding intermediate which may correspond to a "molten globule." Correlations between our observations and previous folding studies and the X-ray crystallographic structure are presented. Substitution of glutamic acid 49, which is located in the hydrophobic "pit" of an eight-fold alpha/beta barrel, by a hydrophobic phenylalanine residue increases the tm from 56 to 60 degrees C. In contrast, replacement of aspartic acid 60, which is accessible to solvent, results in small reductions in the thermal stability.
Interrelationship of nitrogen fixation, hydrogen evolution and photoreduction in Rhodospirillum rubrum.

Rhodospirillum rubrum was grown: 1. photoheterotrophically on a medium containing dl-malate as the carbon source and ammonium chloride as the nitrogen source (medium No. 1); 2. phototrophically with N2 and dl-malate (medium No. 2); 3. photoautotrophically with N2, CO2 and H2 (medium No. 3). Resting cells derived from these cultures were tested for their ability to photoreduce CO2, evolve H2 and fix N2. Only cells which were grown in medium No. 2 were able to perform all three gas exchanges. The activity pattern of gas exchanges altered in a characteristic way during the growth cycle of the bacterial culture. Cells newly transferred to medium No. 2 showed an enormous increase in the rate of H2 evolution, which dropped sharply when all l-malate had been used up. The rate of photoreduction of CO2 increased steadily and reached a maximum level after 120 h. The nitrogen fixing activity remained constant during the whole growth cycle. The yields of H2 produced per mole of l-malate added were measured as a function of cell age. Only very young cultures gave appreciable yields, which dropped gradually with increasing age. The function of the carbon source is discussed as a regulating factor for photoreduction and hydrogen evolution.
Twice-recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid hyperplasia in an ectopic supernumerary gland.

Objective: To describe a patient with multiple recurrences of primary hyperparathyroidism during a 24-year period. Methods: We present the long-term history, including clinical and laboratory evaluations as well as findings on surgical interventions, in a 42-year-old man with recurrent hyperparathyroidism. In addition, the relevant literature is briefly reviewed. Results: At initial surgical exploration when the patient was 18 years old, a single enlarged parathyroid gland and a normal-appearing ipsilateral gland were found. After more than a decade without symptoms, the patient experienced recurrent symptomatic hypercalcemia. Surgical exploration revealed symmetric multiglandular disease that was treated by resection of 3 enlarged parathyroid glands and implantation of a portion of 1 gland in the forearm. After another 6-year asymptomatic period, the patient had recurrent symptoms and was found to have recurrent hypercalcemia. Surgical intervention revealed an enlarged supernumerary gland in an ectopic l...
Extended thymus action for reducing false positives in ais based network intrusion detection systems

One of the major problems faced by anomaly based Network Intrusion Detection (NID) systems is the high number of false positives. False positives refer to the false detection of normal behavior as malicious behavior. Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) also fall under the category of anomaly based-NID systems. AIS presented in this paper is as a victim-end filter, consisting of detectors distributed on the network, which distinguishes normal traffic from malicious traffic. In this work, we focus on TCP-SYN flood based Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attacks. Light Weight Intrusion Detection System (LISYS) provides the basic framework for AIS based NID systems. AISs normally utilize the negative selection algorithm in thymus action to tolerize the detectors to normal traffic so they may not detect normal traffic as malicious traffic. We propose and implement `extended thymus action' model to improve this characteristic of AIS. Results verify that our model significantly reduces false positives which is a major concern in anomaly-based NID systems.
Guidelines to the application of nuclear resonance to quantitative thin film analysis

Abstract The use of elastic nuclear resonances, including 12 C(α, α) 12 C, 14 N(α, α) 14 N and 16 O(α, α) 16 O, provide a useful means of enhancing the sensitivity toward light elements using the same experimental setup as for Rutherford backscattering. Quantitative information about light element concentrations is only obtainable under certain conditions, and the use of simulation programs in conjunction with resonance analysis may often lead to erroneous results. By using resonance near the peak value of the cross section one may enhance sensitivity; however, this may result in a loss of precision, defined as day-to-day repeatability of the measurement. Conversely, using resonance in an energy regime in which the cross section varies less rapidly may more accurately predict the actual composition than standard RBS but prove less useful for low concentrations. We explore the importance of film thickness and composition and the variation in the incident beam energy toward the selection of the appropriate resonance regime, as well as discuss common sources of error.
Nuclear structure in active and hibernating frogs

1. The chromosome is considered as a linin bag filled with chromatin while the chromosomal vesicle is looked upon as a linin bag containing, in addition to chromatin, a varying amount of achromatic material taken up from the cytoplasm during the telophase. 2. The linin sheath of the chromosomes becomes visible in conjunction with the telophosic vesiculation and can be followed through interkinesis thus showing that this unit of nuclear structure maintains its individuality during rest. 3. The prophase chromosomes arise within the vesicles and are liberated by the dissolution of its walls. 4. The somatic nucleus of the frog is quite similar to that of a number of other organisms and, as a consequence, these findings may be of fairly general application, if so, they will serve as a general structural confirmation of the inferential evidence for chromosomal individuality, on which the theory has been advanced in the past. 5. The nucleus of hibernating frogs contains much less chromatin than that of summer frogs. The cytoplasm entirely loses its basophilic character. At — dg C the basophilic material is regained.
Icequake locations and discrimination of source and path effects with small aperture arrays, Bering Glacier terminus, AK

[1] The complex source processes associated with both glacier calving and the breakup of icebergs, combined with commonly heterogeneous periglacial seismic velocity structure, can result in complicated seismic records. Key features of the waveforms, which are typically characterized by low-amplitude or emergent first-arrivals and long-duration, narrow-band codas, have been attributed to either source processes or propagation path effects. This uncertainty must be addressed in order for seismic data to be effective for studying the calving process as it relates to terminus dynamics. In this study, we use sets of 3-element arrays of 3-component geophones and infrasound sensors to locate calving and iceberg breakup events and isolate path effects in the seismic records obtained near the Bering Glacier terminus in the summer of 2010. Using waveform correlation, we treat each array as an antenna and determine the direction to the source and apparent velocity of the wavefield across the array. The initial few (∼3) cycles ofPwaves recorded from an array, beam formed to identify coherent arrivals for each event, are useful for deriving a propagation azimuth and apparent velocity, allowing for location of events using a small number of similar arrays. We locate 125 calving and iceberg breakup events near the terminus with this method. We also demonstrate that the longer-lived narrow-band coda is not coherent across individual arrays, suggesting that the narrow-band coda observed at the Bering Glacier is attributable to a path effect rather than to the source process. The large number of iceberg breakup events that we located has important implications for other calving glaciers where icebergs are present, and calving rates may be erroneously overestimated from the seismic data if their contribution is not taken into account.
Further studies on the chemistry of photoreceptor membranes of rats fed an essential fatty acid deficient diet

Abstract Our prior studies have shown that vertebrate rod photoreceptor membranes contain large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the precursors of which must be obtained from the diet. Dietary manipulation to lower the polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in these membranes produced only minor changes in the fatty acids and no changes in phospholipid class composition. In the present paper, we report further studies on the photoreceptor membranes of rats raised on fat-free (experimental) or lab chow (control) diets. Our data show that the amount of rhodopsin per eye, the ratio of phospholipid to rhodopsin, and the proteins of the outer segment membranes are similar for both groups. Ultrastructural examination of the photoreceptor membranes from the control and experimental retinas show no detectable morphological differences.
The Master's Degree in Modern Foreign Languages

T seems particularly appropriate to speak of teacher-training in modern foreign languages at a conference of this kind,l where the language teachers in this State have gathered, as guests of the university which has given many of them their training, to discuss professional matters of common interest. For various reasons I should prefer to limit my discussion of teacher-training to the discipline of the Master of Arts degree. In the first place, the Bachelor of Arts, or even the Bachelor of Science, is the product of an essentially non-professional and generally cultural course, and until teaching experience or advanced study has changed his attitude and proficiency, he may be classed as an amateur, for the semester or so of professional work usually taken by the undergraduate in preparation for teaching is merely incidental to the general, cultural education which the bachelor's degree represents. Secondly, your presence at this conference indicates that most of you have advanced beyond amateur standing and are taking a professional interest in teaching and its problems; and however true it may be that one learns to teach by teaching, many of you have felt the need of continuing your professional training by graduate work leading to the second degree. Thirdly, many of you have already earned your master's degrees at various institutions and under various conditions, and have had the opportunity of testing by experience the value and efficacy of your formal training; your suggestions as to changes and improvements in graduate teachertraining should therefore command earnest consideration. As one talks to those who have earned the master's degree and to members of graduate faculties under whose instruction these degrees have been earned, as one goes through the catalogues of universities and colleges conferring the second degree, and as one reads the ever-increasing number of books and articles written by educators who "view with alarm" the deficiencies of our students, our faculties, our curricula, our degrees, and our educational institutions in general, it becomes apparent that the Master of
Investigating Time-Delay Effects for Multivehicle Formation Control

Advancesincommunication,navigation,andcomputationalsystemshaveenabledgreater autonomy in multivehicle systems. However, time-delay effects owing to measurement, actuation, communication, or operator delays are introduced as system complexity increases. In this paper, a straightforward method is presented to determine the maximum allowable time delays for a linear, n-dimensional system. Delay differential equations are one method to model systems with delay, and the theory presented here is based upon wellknown stability results for a scalar, first-order delay differential equation. Modal-coordinate transformations are used to diagonalize, and thus, decouple closed-loop equations of motion to which the scalar, first-order delay-differential-equation results are applied in order to find optimal bounds on the time delay. Hence, stability bounds for a given closed-loop control form can be determined by solving an eigenvalue problem, which is a departure from other delay-differential-equation results that require solutions to linear matrix inequalities or a problem-specific Lyapunov function to prove stability. This theoretical development is applied to a formation-control problem with five vehicles. Control laws are developed for the vehicle formation using two different communication structures: leader‐follower and bidirectional. Simulation results are used to demonstrate formation convergence, and robustness of the formations to time-delay effects are discussed.
Monocytes, viruses and metaphors: Hanging the Trojan horse

Beginning in 1973, Ralph Steinman, initially working with Zanvil Cohn, described and characterized immune dendritic cells (DCs) as potent stimulators of T-cell responses.1 Nearly 40 years later, DCs have become a central topic of immunological research due to their protean participation in immunity, both as activators of naive T cells and as sentinel cells whose cytokine products regulate the type and vigor of immune responses. The importance and clinical potential of DCs was recognized by Steinman’s sharing the 2012 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology.
Real-time rationing of scarce resources: the Northeast Proton Therapy Center experience.

The telephone line is silent. I have just delivered the news to an anxious mother whom I will never meet. We will not be able to offer her 3- year-old son, who recently underwent resection of a posterior fossa ependymoma, a treatment slot at the Northeast Proton Therapy Center in Boston, MA. Postoperative radiation is the standard of care for her son’s disease, and radiating with protons might reduce the late effects of treatment to her young son’s brain. Yet in light of the other patients competing for the scarce proton treatment slots, we must recommend that she pursue treatment for her son elsewhere, as we will not have an open slot in time. Because proton therapy is only available at our center and one in California, her son will most likely end up receiving conformal photon therapy, with a higher integral dose to the normal brain. “How can this be?” she asks. “Why can’t my son get the treatment we feel would be best? We’re in America.”
The node equation and its applications in physiology.

The purpose of this paper is to apply a physical law, described by the node equation, to certain aspects of renal and cardiovascular physiology. The well-known relations for filtration, secretion, and reabsorption, and mathematical expressions for flows, all of them examples of the dilution method, such as renal plasma flow, Fick's formula for cardiac output, and Kety's formula for cerebral blood flow, are easily and systematically derived.
The Proximate Truth: Reenactment in the Pandemic-Era HIV/AIDS Documentaries

This article assesses the conceptual and political significance of the Aids Jaago (2007) omnibus as prophylactic pandemic media. Critical reenactments of post-cocktail era HIV emergence, these docudramas address the epistemological problematic of the “pandemic vision” recalibrated by the singular cultural history of HIV/AIDS hysteria (1980–1995). What politics ensue from such reenactments? Hardly radical anti-statist or anti-corporate interventions, I argue these NGO-style documentaries index a domain of negotiated cultural strategies: they remain partly complicit with neoliberal individuation (the packaged care of the self) even as they stress the continuing necessity of social networks (family, friends, lovers, communities, and the state) to living with the virus. Thus these deliberative Bollywood-style efforts aim at not only the comprehension (the perceptible, at the level of cognition) but also the apprehension (the sensible, inclusive of sensory, and affective levels) of HIV emergence as a biologica...
Oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircon

The high-temperature and small sample size of an I.R. laser system has allowed the first detailed study of oxygen isotope ratios in zircon. Low-magnetism zircons that have grown during metamorphism in the Adirondack Mts., N.Y. preserve primary δ18O values and low-magnetism igneous zircons are likewise primary, showing no significant affect due to subsequent granulite facies metamorphism. The measured fractionation between zircon and garnet is Δ(Gt-Zrc) = 0.0 ± 0.2‰(1σ) for most low-magnetism zircons in meta-igneous rocks. The consistency of this value indicates equilibration at temperatures of 700–1100°C and little or no change in the equilibrium fractionation over this temperature range. In contrast, detrital low-magnetism zircons in quartzite preserve igneous compositions, up to 4‰ out of equilibrium with host quartz, in spite of granulite facies metamorphism. The oxygen isotope composition of zircon can be linked to UPb ages and can ‘see though’ metamorphism, providing a new tool for deciphering complex igneous, metamorphic and hydrothermal histories. Zircons separated by magnetic susceptibility show a consistent correlation. Low-magnetism zircons have the lowest uranium contents, the most concordant UPb isotopic compositions, and primary δ18O values. In contrast, high-magnetism zircons are up to 2‰ lower in δ18O than low-magnetism zircons from the same rock. The resetting of oxygen isotope ratios in high-magnetism zircons is caused by radiation damage which creates microfractures and enhances isotopic exchange. Zircons from the metamorphosed anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite of the Adirondacks have previously been dated (1125–1157 Ma) and classified as igneous, metamorphic or disturbed based on their physical and UPb isotopic characteristics. Low-magnetism zircons from the AMCG suite have high, nearly constant values of δ18O that average 8.1 ± 0.4‰(1σ) for samples ranging from 39 to 75 wt% SiO2. Only olivine metagabbros have lower average values (6.4‰), consistent with the hypothesis that they represent nearly pristine samples of the anorthosite's parent magma. Whole-rock values of δ18O are also high in the AMCG suite and increase with SiO2 content, as predicted for a process of assimilation and fractional crystallization. Taken together, these data suggest that the elevated values of oxygen isotope ratios result from partial melting and contamination involving metasediments in the deep crust, before the crystallization of zircon. More normal values elsewhere in the Grenville Province record deep-seated, pre-1150 Ma regional differences.
A search for new massive particles

Abstract We have searched for an almost stable, charged particle produced in 400 GeV proton-nucleus collisions. A total of 5 × 10 10 light secondary particles were sampled in a secondary beam of 70 GeV/ c momentum. If a 4.5 to 6.0 GeV mass particle is produced with a cross section comparable with the production cross section of the upsilon then this experiment places an upper limit on the lifetime of such a particle of about 5 × 10 −8 s.
Development of an Automated High Throughput LCP-FRAP Assay to Guide Membrane Protein Crystallization in Lipid Mesophases

Crystallization in lipidic mesophases (in meso) has been successfully used to obtain a number of high-resolution membrane protein structures including challenging members of the human G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Crystallogenesis in arguably the most successful mesophase, lipidic cubic phase (LCP), critically depends on the ability of protein to diffuse in the LCP matrix and to form specific protein−protein contacts to support crystal nucleation and growth. The ability of an integral membrane protein to diffuse in LCP is strongly affected by the protein aggregation state, the structural parameters of LCP, and the chemical environment. In order to satisfy both requirements of diffusion and specific interactions, one must balance multiple parameters, such as identity of LCP host lipid, composition of precipitant solution, identity of ligand, and protein modifications. Screening within such multidimensional crystallization space presents a significant bottleneck in obtaining initial crystal lead...
Optical coherence tomography measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer after acute primary angle closure with normal visual field.

Purpose To detect retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after a single acute primary angle closure (APAC) attack with normal visual field. Design Prospective, observational case study. Methods Twenty-eight patients who had a single unilateral APAC attack associated with normal visual fields at three months after remission and 28 single eyes from normal controls were enrolled. Duration of APAC attack was 5.9 ± 2.7 hours. Comparisons of average RNFL thickness and RNFL thickness in four quadrants and in 12-o'clock-hour segments of the attacked eyes, unaffected fellow eyes, and normal controls were made using fast RNFL thickness (3.4) of Stratus optical coherence tomography. Results Significant differences were demonstrated comparing the inferior-quadrant RNFL thicknesses for the attacked eyes with those of the normal controls ( P = .02) and fellow eyes ( P = .02) using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's tests. Conclusions Inferior region RNFL thickness was significantly decreased in the attacked eyes after an APAC episode associated with normal visual field.
Solid-Phase Immunoassays for HCV Antibodies in Gamimune® N

Background and objectives: Occasional false-positive results for the presence of HCV antibodies occur when testing pH 4 Gamimune® N immune globulin intravenous (human) (IGIV) using
Chemistry of Trichlorosilyl Enolates. 1. New Reagents for Catalytic, Asymmetric Aldol Additions

The asymmetric aldol addition is among the most powerful reactions in synthetic organic chemistry and has been extensively studied over the past 15 years.1 The strategies for reagentcontrolled asymmetric induction fall into three broadly defined classes (Chart 1): (1) asymmetric modification of the enolate with chiral acyl auxiliaries (A), (2) asymmetric modification of the enolate with chiral metalloid auxiliaries (B), and (3) asymmetric modification of the aldehyde with chiral Lewis acids (C). Each of these strategies has yielded spectacular success, and each has unique advantages and disadvantages. The chiral auxiliary approaches are extremely general and give high selectivities by virtue of the highly ordered nature of the transition structures (closed) which results from the structure of R*/L* and the organizational features of the metal M.1a,c,2 Unfortunately, these reactions have yet to be made catalytic. The chiral Lewis acid approach takes advantage of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction3 of enoxysilane derivatives and is demonstrably catalytic and often diastereoand enantioselective. However, these reactions are less general and the selectivity is most likely dominated by van der Waals interactions which guide the matching of enantiotopic faces in open transition states.3,4 We set for ourselves the goal of inventing a new type of aldol addition reaction which involves the ordered preassembly of enolate, aldehyde and chiral agent for maximum asymmetric influence and which would be catalytic in the chiral reagent. The formulation of this concept, Scheme 1, requires a metal enolate moiety capable of expanding its valence by two and a chiral Lewis base G*. The basis of this proposal for ligandpromoted aldehyde additions finds precedent in our recently disclosed asymmetric allylations (crotylations) with allylic trichlorosilanes.5 We wish to report that the corresponding trichlorosilyl enolates are highly reactiVe agents for the aldol reaction and that their additions can be asymmetrically catalyzed by chiral phosphoramides. While substantial literature exists on the generation and reactions of trichlorostannyl6 and trichlorotitanium7 enolates, the chemistry of trichlorosilyl enolates8 is embryonic by comparison.9 For the initial studies, the use of isolated, purified trichlorosilyl enolates was deemed essential, and we followed the general procedure of Baukov and Lutsenko,8a Scheme 2. Thus, from methyl tributylstannylacetate (1)10 we could obtain the trichlorosilyl ketene acetal 28a as a distillable liquid (bp 25 °C/5 mmHg),11 which thermally isomerized to methyl
Surfaces-techniques for cubic algebraic surfaces

The tutorial presents some tools for free-form modeling with algebraic surfaces, that is, surfaces that can be defined using an implicit polynomial equation f(x, y, z)=0. Cubic algebraic surfaces (defined by an implicit equation of degree 3) are emphasized. While much of this material applies only to cubic surfaces, some applies to algebraic surfaces of any degree. This area of the tutorial introduces terminology, presents different methods for defining and modeling with cubic surfaces, and examines the power basis representation of algebraic surfaces. Methods of forcing an algebraic surface to interpolate a set of points or a space curve are also discussed. The parametric definition of cubic surfaces by imposing base points is treated, along with the classical result that a cubic surface can be defined as the intersection locus of three two-parameter families of planes. Computer-generated images of algebraic surfaces created using a polygonization algorithm and Movie. BYU software illustrate the concepts presented. >
Body image discrepancy and negative affect in women's everyday lives: An ecological momentary assessment evaluation of self-discrepancy theory

Discrepancies in self-image occur when individuals hold conflicting beliefs about personal characteristics and those one would ideally like to have (actual:ideal [A:I] discrepancy) or believes one should possess (actual:ought [A:O] discrepancy). Self-discrepancy Theory (SDT; Higgins, 1987) predicts A:I and A:O discrepancies are uniquely associated with depressed and anxious affect, respectively. This study provided the first empirical test of these relationships within individuals in daily life. Body image discrepancy and depressed and anxious affect were assessed in college women (n = 63) using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Women were signaled by, and completed assessments on, a palmtop computer five times daily for one week. The predictions of SDT were supported; momentary A:I and A:O discrepancies differentially predicted concurrent depressed and anxious affect in women's everyday lives. These findings are the first to evaluate the predictions of SDT as within-person processes using a real-time asse...
Learning-disordered children's evoked potentials during sustained attention

Evoked potentials and performance of 19 learning-disordered (LD) and 19 normally achieving children were studied in two versions of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). In both CPT procedures, LD children made more errors of omission and commission than did normal children. Evoked potential differences between groups were especially prominent in the more difficult BX version of the CPT. LD children displayed significantly smaller late positive components (LPC) of the evoked potential to critical stimuli in the task. There were no LPC differences between diagnostic groups for noncritical stimulus categories. The results suggest a deficit in behavioral and cortical indices of sustained attention among LD children.
Subject headings for OCLC rare book records: a case study

This study presents an overview of the quality of 232 OCLC rare book cataloging records. Of the 232 records, 31 that needed subject headings were not provided with any. A total of 791 headings, including main headings (428) and subdivision headings (363), were examined and 69 discrepancies were found. The discrepancies were mainly obsolete headings. The error rate was 9 per cent. Only one typographical error was found. Moreover, 95 per cent (191) of the 201 records had been replaced at least once but the discrepancy rate remained very high at 8 per cent. Since the records examined were not randomly selected and the sample size was small, the result of this study cannot be generalized. However, the overall results indicate that the quality of OCLC rare book records need attention as much as, if not more than, other records.
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Magnetic Resonance High-Field Imaging: A Summary

There are several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques that benefit from high-field MR imaging. This article describes a range of novel techniques that are currently being used clinically or will be used in the future for clinical purposes as they gain popularity. These techniques include functional MR imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, cortical thickness assessment, arterial spin labeling perfusion, white matter hyperintensity lesion assessment, and advanced MR angiography.
Rationality, constitutions, and the ethics of rules

It seems clear that individuals stand to mutually benefit, in a wide variety of situations, from structuring their interactions in terms of constitutional practices. But a commitment to treat the rules defining such practices as setting real constraints on choice—a commitment to what could be characterized as an “ethics of rules”—is hard to reconcile with the standard, consequentialist theory of rational choice, which requires, in effect, that individuals regard any rule as providing no more than a “maxim” for choice. Such a theory of rational choice, then, constrains individuals to settle for a second best outcome in which choice is aligned with practice rules by means of strategies of precommitment and threats. The outcome is second best because such methods yield only partial alignment, and involve the expenditure of scarce resources, as well as a sacrifice of flexibility and freedom. To say this, however, is to identify the corresponding theory of rational choice as havingconsequentially unacceptable implications. A modified theory of choice is presented, which is still consequentially oriented, but which assesses consequences in a more holistic manner. It is then argued that this modified theory can provide a rational choice grounding for the needed “ethics of rules.”
MOSFET detectors as a tool for the verification of therapeutic doses of electron beams in radiotherapy

Summary Aim To examine the characteristics of MOSFET (Metal – Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) detectors for the purpose of electron beam dose determination in in vivo radiotherapy. Materials/Methods Indications of MOSFET detectors were recorded from phantom measurements, including: dose values of electron beams, the environmental temperature of the detectors, the incidence direction of an electron beam on the detector, the size of the irradiated field. The change in sensitivity of the detectors when under the effects of accumulated doses was also tested. Because of the very small dimensions of the detectors, they were placed in specially designed aluminium capsules – to ensure electron equilibrium (δ electrons) during the dose measurement. The detector indications were compared to those seen in a Markus type ionization chamber with a calibration certificate. The measurements were made for electron beams with energies of 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 MeV. Results The following were established experimentally: There is a linear relationship between detector indications and the dose value. A drop in detector sensitivity is associated with increased environmental temperature (as much as 6% as temperatures rise from 22°C to 42°C). There is a non-linear drop in detector sensitivity with accumulated dose. Detector indications are not affected by changes in incident beam angles within the range of –70° to +70°. The dependency of detector indications on the size of the irradiated field conform with those recorded in the ionization chamber, with variations of up to 1.5%. The dependencies and correction coefficients determined in this study allow measurement of electron beam doses with an accuracy of 2.2%. Conclusions MOSFET detectors are a useful tool for verification of the entrance doses in electron beam radiotherapy.
Stabilization of Cowell's method

This paper offers a modification of the Cowell method for the integration of orbits. The modification is characterized by the property that it will integrate unperturbed Kepler motion exactly (excluding truncation errors), thus the slight instability of the Cowell Method is avoided. Furthermore, the modification takes into account the most important secular effects of orbit motion. As an example of the applicability of the modified method to perturbed motion, the equations of motion of an artificial earth satellite are integrated. In the case of elliptic initial conditions regularization by a Levi-Civita transformation was used.
Characterization of adenosine deaminase from the malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae, and its host cell, the duckling erythrocyte.

Abstract Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) was purified and characterized from the malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae , and its host cell, the duck ( Anas domesticus ) erythrocyte, using chromatofocusing (Pharmacia) and adenosine affinity columns. Gel filtration of the enzymes gave molecular weights of 33,800 ( P. lophurae ) and 36,500 (duck erythrocyte); both enzymes had broad pH optima (pH 6.8 to 8.0), similar stabilities when stored as crude lysates, and like K m values with adenosine: 2.74 ± 0.88 × 10 −5 M (parasite) and 1.74 ± 0.27 × 10 −5 M (erythrocyte). The P . lophurae adenosine deaminase had a pI of 5.37 ± 0.09, and the duck erythrocyte enzyme had a pI of 4.72 ± 0.09, as determined by chromatofocusing. The parasite enzyme exhibited a specific activity in the crude lysate that was an average 60-fold higher than that of the erythrocyte enzyme. The pattern of elution from the adenosine affinity column, as well as kinetic studies with three adenosine analogs, revealed distinct differences in the binding characteristics of the two enzymes. The P. lophurae adenosine deaminase was weakly retarded by the affinity column, whereas the duck erythrocyte enzyme was strongly retarded. With 9-β- d -arabinosyladenine as substrate, the K m values were similar (2.29 ± 0.98 × 10 −4 M for P. lophurae and 1.10 ± 0.21 × 10 −4 M for the duck erythrocyte). Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) was a potent inhibitor of the duck erythrocyte enzyme with 100% inhibition at 1.3 μM, whereas the parasite adenosine deaminase was not inhibited at 422 μM even when incubated for 24 hr. Inhibitor studies with coformycin, a tight-binding inhibitor, resulted in K i values of 7.14 × 10 −11 M for P. lophurae and 1.86 × 10 −10 M for the duck erythrocyte. The molar equivalencies, E t , and catalytic numbers, k 3 , were slightly different for both enzymes. The E t values were 2.80 × 10 −10 M ( P. lophurae ) and 3.13 × 10 −10 M (duck erythrocyte); the k 3 values were 5.18 × 10 3 min −1 and 4.36 × 10 3 min −1 respectively.
Delayed Hepatocellular Mitotic Progression and Impaired Liver Regeneration in Early Growth Response-1-deficient Mice

The early growth response-1 transcription factor (Egr-1) is induced as part of the immediate-early gene expression response during early liver regeneration. In the studies reported here the functional significance of EGR-1 expression during liver regeneration was examined by characterizing the hepatic regenerative response to partial hepatectomy in Egr-1 null mice. The results of these studies showed that liver regeneration in Egr-1 null mice is impaired. Although activation of interleukin-6-STAT3 signaling, regulation of expression of hepatic C/ebpalpha, C/ebpbeta, cyclin D, and cyclin E and progression through the first wave of hepatocellular DNA synthesis occurred appropriately following partial hepatectomy in Egr-1 null mice, subsequent signaling events and cell cycle progression after the first round of DNA synthesis were deranged. This derangement was characterized by increased activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibition of hepatocellular metaphase-to-anaphase mitotic progression. Together these observations suggest that EGR-1 is an important regulator of hepatocellular mitotic progression. In support of this, microarray-based gene expression analysis showed that induction of expression of the cell division cycle 20 gene (Cdc20), a key regulator of the mitotic anaphase-promoting complex, is significantly reduced in Egr-1 null mice. Taken together these data define a novel functional role for EGR-1 in regulating hepatocellular mitotic progression through the spindle assembly checkpoint during liver regeneration.
Runoff from Impervious Surfaces.

Abstract : Numerical procedures form a basis for predicting the runoff from impervious surfaces which accords satisfactorily with the results of extensive field studies undertaken by the Corps of Engineers around 1950. The equations of continuity and of steady, uniform flow are sufficient if information is also available as to the surface resistance. The proposed equations are simpler than originally expected because a number of otherwise complicating terms are negligible for flow in thin sheets. A program is available in order to make computations on an IBM 1620 computor.
Solid phase radioimmunoassay of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in normal human plasma

Abstract A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for apolipoprotein B (apoB), a major constituent of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in man. Antisera were prepared against apoB in goats and rabbits, coupled to bromoacetyl cellulose, and the complex was incubated with [ 125 I] LDL. The RIA was based on the displacement of [ 125 I]-LDL by unknown samples, as compared with unlabeled LDL standards, using a logit transformation to calculate results. The RIA was found to be satisfactory in terms of precision, sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity. Control subjects had mean apoB levels of 94 mg/100 ml in whole fasting plasma, of which 3.6 mg/100 ml plasma were in the VLDL, while 86 mg/100 ml plasma were in the LDL. Both the triglyceride and apoB content of VLDL, and the cholesterol and apoB content of LDL were positively correlated. It is concluded that the solid phase radioimmunoassay described in the present report provides a rapid and relatively simple means of quantitating apoB in normal human plasma.
CD16− natural killer cells: enrichment in mucosal and secondary lymphoid tissues and altered function during chronic SIV infection

Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to control of HIV/SIV infection. We defined macaque NK-cell subsets based on expression of CD56 and CD16 and found their distribution to be highly disparate. CD16+ NK cells predominated in peripheral blood, whereas most mucosal NK cells were CD56+, and lymph nodes contained both CD56+ and CD16−CD56− (double-negative [DN]) subsets. Functional profiles were also distinct among subsets—CD16+ NK cells expressed high levels of cytolytic molecules, and CD56+ NK cells were predominantly cytokine-secreting cells, whereas DN NK possessed both functions. In macaques chronically infected with SIV, circulating CD16+ and DN NK cells were expanded in number and, although markers of cytoxicity increased, cytokine secretion decreased. Notably, CD56+ NK cells in SIV-infected animals up-regulated perforin, granzyme B, and CD107a. In contrast, the lymph node–homing molecules CD62 ligand (CD62L) and C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), which are expressed primarily on CD56+ and DN NK cells, were significantly down-regulated on NK cells from infected animals. These data demonstrate that SIV infection drives a shift in NK-cell function characterized by decreased cytokine production, expanded cytotoxicity, and trafficking away from secondary lymphoid organs, suggesting that the NK-cell repertoire is not only heterogeneous but also plastic.
Bone Ingrowth Through Porous Titanium Granulate Around a Femoral Stem

The procedure of using of porous titanium granules for cementless fixation of a hip replacement femoral stem was studied in a hemiarthroplasty model in 10 canines for 6 months. A vibrating instrument was used to facilitate both the delivery and distribution of the irregularly shaped porous titanium granules into the femoral canal as well as the subsequent insertion of a titanium alloy stem into the intramedullary bed of granules. Histological examination revealed lamellar bone formation through the mantle of porous titanium granules in continuity with the surrounding cortex resulting in the formation of an integrated mantle of bone and titanium granulate around the prosthesis.
Habituation of the acoustic startle response following lesion of the medial septal nucleus.

Abstract Adult male rats were subjected to one of three surgical procedures: total lesions of the medial septal nuclei (TMS), partial lesions of the medial septal nuclei (PMS), and lesions of the dorsal fimbria (FM), as an attempt to determine the role of the septo-hippocampal relationship in habituation of the acoustic startle response. The initial startle amplitude of the TMS group was approximately three times that of the other groups, but rapidly decreased to the level of the other experimental groups and thereafter habituated at similar slow rates. Unlike animals with hippocampal lesions, all animals with hippocampal afferent damage displayed overdays savings of habituation. Following nine days without startle stimulation, startle amplitudes of the TMS groups had returned to their initial level while the PMS, FM and Control groups exhibited nonsignificant recovery. Differences in rates of habituation and amplitude of startle responses were attributed to loss of hippocampal input, and increased hippocampal output over intact pathways, respectively.
Managing problems in speaking

Abstract The problems that participants in conversation have, it is argued, are really joint problems and have to be managed jointly. The participants have three types of strategies for managing them. (1) They try to prevent foreseeable but avoidable problems. (2) They warn partners of foreseeable but un avoidable problems. And (3) they repair problems that have already arisen. Speakers and addressees coordinate actions at three levels of talk: (1) the speaker's articulation and the addressees' attention to that articulation; (2) the speaker's presentation of an utterance and the addressees' identification of that utterance; and (3) the speaker's meaning and the addressees' understanding of that meaning. There is evidence that the participants have joint strategies for preventing, warning about and repairing problems at each of these levels. There is also evidence that they prefer preventatives to warnings, and warnings to repairs, all other things being equal.
Effect of Insulin Hypoglycemia on Eosinophiles and Lymphocytes of Psychotics.

SummaryInsulin hypoglycemia causes in schizophrenics a significant eosinopenia and lymphocytopenia, which is considered to be indicative of adrenocortical stimulation. Insulin does not produce such changes if hypoglycemia is prevented.