cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatic hemosiderosis in buffalo fish (Ictiobus spp.)

Abstract Hepatocellular hemosiderosis was observed in several species of fish associated with mixed chemical pollution in a Mississippi River Basin ecosystem. Three species of buffalo fish—smallmouth buffalo ( Ictiobus bubalus ), bigmouth buffalo ( Ictiobus cyprinellus ), and black buffalo ( Ictiobus niger )—were collected from a contaminated site, Devil's Swamp, and a control site, Tunica Swamp, both near Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Liver, kidney and spleen were examined histologically. Hepatocellular iron overload was observed in smallmouth buffalo and bigmouth buffalo from Devil's Swamp. Smallmouth buffalo from Tunica Swamp had no stainable iron in the hepatocytes. Bigmouth buffalo from Tunica Swamp had trace amounts of stainable iron in the hepatocytes. Black buffalo from both Devil's Swamp and Tunica Swamp had no stainable iron in the hepatocytes. Iron could accumulate in sediment where it enters the food chain through benthic organisms. Analyses of water and sediment from both study sites revealed similarly high concentrations of iron. The pollutants in the Devil's Swamp may have affected the iron absorption and metabolism in smallmouth buffalo and bigmouth buffalo. The variation in the presence of stainable iron in the liver of three species of buffalo fish may indicate significant interspecies variation in the iron absorption and metabolism under conditions of mixed pollution.
A green triple biocide cocktail consisting of a biocide, EDDS and methanol for the mitigation of planktonic and sessile sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) cause souring and their biofilms are often the culprit in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). The two most common green biocides for SRB treatment are tetrakis-hydroxymethylphosphonium sulfate (THPS) and glutaraldehyde. It is unlikely that there will be another equally effective green biocide in the market any time soon. This means more effective biocide treatment probably will rely on biocide cocktails. In this work a triple biocide cocktail consisting of glutaraldehyde or THPS, ethylenediaminedisuccinate (EDDS) and methanol was used to treat planktonic SRB and to remove established SRB biofilms. Desulfovibrio vulgaris (ATCC 7757), a corrosive SRB was used as an example in the tests. Laboratory results indicated that with the addition of 10–15% (v/v) methanol to the glutaraldehyde and EDDS double combination, mitigation of planktonic SRB growth in ATCC 1249 medium and a diluted medium turned from inhibition to a kill effect while the chelator dosage was cut from 2,000 to 1,000 ppm. Biofilm removal was achieved when 50 ppm glutaraldehyde combined with 15% methanol and 1,000 ppm EDDS was used. THPS showed similar effects when it was used to replace glutaraldehyde in the triple biocide cocktail to treat planktonic SRB.
An experiment with semantics and Goffman's indirect method

Goffman's indirect method partitions a group of documents into classes based on the number of attributes each pair of documents have in common. The classes produced depend on the threshold value chosen to generate the classes. The indirect method was used here to classify a set of one hundred and nine medical documents, using the index terms assigned by Index Medicus. The attributes used in the indirect method were defined in three ways. First, only exact matches between index terms were considered as attributes in common, resulting in a very fine partition. Next, MeSH tree structure was used to approximate the relationships between index terms, so that the attributes in common were words within a small semantic distance of each other. This produced a broader partition, but several of the documents related in the exact word match dropped below the threshold. To compensate for this, a third definition was used, to give extra weight to exact match relationships. This produced a reasonable classification with all classes nameable. Graphic representations of the three partitions illustrate the structure of the set of documents.
A LIN28B polymorphism predicts for colon cancer survival

The pathogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer involves distinct pathways, with characteristic genomic alterations. The first pathway, chromosome instability (CIN), is driven by APC mutations and is typified by Kras mutations, p53 mutation/loss of heterozygosity, and deletions at chromosome 18q. The second pathway is referred to as microsatellite instability (MSI), a genetic hallmark of the accumulated mutations that occur as a consequence of derangements in the mismatch repair genes. Finally, proximal colon cancers may involve methylation of a number of genes, which is frequently referred to as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and are associated with B-raf mutations. The ability to stratify colorectal cancers by risk would be facilitated by the identification of polymorphisms that might be utilized as biomarkers. LIN28B is an RNA binding protein that is overexpressed in colon cancers. We find that LIN28B rs314277 is associated with significant recurrence of colorectal cancer in Stage II disease, which may have translational therapeutic implications.
Coagulation of Milk for Cheese Making by Ester Hydrolysis

Summary The production of a coagulum in milk with compounds which hydrolyze slowly to produce acids has been investigated. Of the compounds tested (including anhydrides, esters, lactones, and lactides) D -glucono-delta-lactone and meso-lactide produced a uniform coagulum suitable for the manufacture of Cottage Cheese. Meso-lactide and d -glucono-delta-lactone at weights equal to 8.8 and 12.3% of the SNF, respectively, gave a pH of about 4.6 after complete hydrolysis. It was necessary to use about 0.02% calcium chloride with the lactide to obtain normal expression of the whey during cooking. The coagulation time varied with the temperature of the milk. Lactide required 2 hr. at 25° C. and 47 min. at 37.5° C. Glucono-lactone required about 15 hr. at 20° C. and 3.5 hr. at 40° C. At higher coagulation temperatures the curd was firm enough to cut at a higher pH than is normally used. The addition of rennet made it possible to cut the curd at pH's higher than normal and thus reduced the setting time. A coagulation temperature above 37° C. caused excessive matting of the curd. The Cottage Cheese produced by this method had a bland flavor and was very similar in appearance to that produced by starter culture.
Effect of High-Frequency Current on Nerve and Muscle Tissue

The stimulus threshold for nerve and muscle tissue as a function of frequency for sinusoidal electrosurgical current below 1 MHz was shown to be a monotonically increasing value. There was no frequency below tissue destruction threshold values where excitable tissue cannot be stimulated if the cufrent intensity is great enough. This points out misconceptions concerning electrosurgical maneuvers prevalent since the early 20th century, and may help in understanding potential surgical hazard conditions.
Trust differences between supervisors and subordinates: examining the role of race and gender

This study examined trust differences between supervisor and subordinate dyads that differ in race or gender as well as in dyads that were similar. The results of 301 (the sample consisted of 241 whites and 41 blacks, 216 were women and 86 were men) respondents indicated gender and race do affect trust. More specifically, the highest level of trust was found between female subordinates reporting to male supervisors. It was also found that whites reporting to whites perceived significantly less trust than blacks reporting to blacks, but significantly greater trust than whites reporting to blacks. The results also indicated that whites reporting to blacks and blacks reporting to whites perceive significantly less trust than blacks reporting to blacks. A discussion of these results is also included.
Maximum Effective Lumen and Pit Pore Sizes of the Earlywood and the Latewood of Never Dried Loblolly Pine Sapwood

Measurements of the air pressure required to initially displace a saturating liquid and allow a slow continuous stream of air bubbles to pass through wood cross sections of different thickness, together with the equilibrium surface tension of the saturating liquid, make it possible to calculate the maximum effective opening radii. Previous measurements were made for wood as a whole over complete annual rings. Measurements reported here were made separately for earlywood and latewood. Extrapolating plots of the maximum effective opening radius-cross section thickness, for thicknesses below the maximum fiber length, to zero thickness gave maximum lumen radii of 16 μm for the earlywood and 10.3 μm for the latewood. The values are only slightly greater than the calculated average values. Extrapolating the plots in the opposite direction to zero opening radius gave approximate maximum lumen or fiber lengths for the earlywood of 6 mm and for the latewood of 5 mm. The maximum effective opening radii for cross sections thicker than the maximum fiber length give maximum effective communicating pore radii. These values continue to decrease, with increasing thickness of the cross sections due to the decreasing probability of the largest openings falling in any one series path through the structures. The maximum effective pit pore radius for passage through fifty pits in series was 0.8 μm for the earlywood and 0.28 μm for the latewood.
α-Glycyl cation, radical, and anion (H2NCH+/·/−COOH): Generation and characterization in the gas phase

The title species are synthesized in the gas phase and their unimolecular chemistry is determined by a combination of tandem mass spectrometry methods. Dissociative electron ionization of the α-amino acids valine, leucine, isoleucine, or serine produces the α-glycyl cation, H2NCH+COOH, in high yield and purity. At threshold, this ion dissociates by CO loss to form the proton-bound complex HC≡N…H+…OH2 via a tight 1,4-H migration that is associated with a high reverse barrier. After collisional activation, additional channels open, most notably the formation of the complementary and structure-characteristic fragments H2NCH+· (ionized aminocarbene) and +COOH and the elimination of OH·. Charge reversal and neutralization—reionization of H2NCH+COOH conclusively show that α-glycyl anion, H2NCH−COOH, and α-glycyl radical, H2NCH·COOH, are stable species residing in deep potential energy wells. In the microsecond time window of the experiments, a small fraction of the α-glycyl radical decomposes by sequential elimination of H2O and CO. The α-glycyl anions arising by charge reversal of the cation or reionization of the radical partly undergo rearrangement losses of H2 and H2O, direct cleavages to −COOH, OH−, and H2N−, and consecutive fragmentation of these primary product anions.
Partial duplication of 4q12q13 leads to a mild phenotype.

We report on the second case of duplication (4)(q12q13) with microcephaly, mental retardation, and minor facial anomalies. Duplications involving the distal region of chromosome 4q are well described and share common clinical findings. However, phenotypic abnormalities of duplications of the proximal portion of chromosome 4q are relatively unknown. A comparison of the clinical manifestations of our patient and the single published case suggests that the phenotype of this proximal 4q duplication is relatively mild. This study emphasizes the need to perform chromosome analysis in similar mildly affected/nonspecific cases.
Independent associations of childhood and current socioeconomic status with risk of self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis in a family-medicine cohort of North-Carolinians.

Background Associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with the prevalence of various forms of arthritis are well documented. Increasing evidence suggests that SES during childhood is a lasting determinant of health, but its association with the onset of arthritis remains unclear.
A generalized Heisenberg model for turbulent spectral dynamics

A simplified closure model for turbulent spectral dynamics is proposed. Beginning with an analytical closure similar to the test field model, energy transfer is modeled by replacing general triad interactions by degenerate triad interactions, resulting in a pair interaction description similar to the classical Heisenberg model. This energy transfer model is coupled to a similarly simplified time scale evolution equation. These simplifications make it possible to preserve many features of much more complex analytical closures like the direct interaction approximation and the Lagrangian renormalized approximation in a computationally tractable model. The model is tested in decaying isotropic turbulence and in forced isotropic turbulence. It is found to exhibit refined properties, including energy backscatter to large scales and the bottleneck phenomenon.
Theory of tunneling and photoemission spectroscopy for high-temperature superconductors.

A comprehensive analysis is presented of the tunneling conductance and angle-resolved photoemission spectra in high-temperature superconductors. It is shown that unexplained features of the tunneling and photoemission spectra such as broad backgrounds, dips, and asymmetry of the tunneling conductance can arise in a model of spin-fluctuation mediated inelastic tunneling. Effects of directionality in tunneling play an important role in determining the behavior of the tunneling conductance. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Nonthermal effects in thermal treatment applications of nonionizing irradiation

Several non-thermal factors influence the primary and secondary effects of interstitial thermal treatments using various types of non-ionizing irradiation. Recognition and understanding of the influences of these various factors are important in choice of energy source, the configuration of the application instrument and the design of treatments.
Synthesis, characterization, and aqueous self‐assembly of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐functionalized hyperbranched fluoropolymers

Complex amphiphilic polymers were synthesized via core-first polymerization followed by alkylation-based grafting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Inimer 1-(4′-(bromomethyl)benzyloxy)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-vinylbenzene was synthesized and subjected to atom transfer radical self-condensing vinyl polymerization to afford hyperbranched fluoropolymer (HBFP) as the hydrophobic core component with a number-averaged molecular weight of 29 kDa and polydispersity index of 2.1. The alkyl halide chain ends on the HBFP were allowed to undergo reaction with monomethoxy-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) amine (PEOx-NH2) at different grafting numbers and PEO chain lengths to afford PEO-functionalized HBFPs [(PEOx)y-HBFPs], with x = 15 while y = 16, 22, or 29, x = 44 while y = 16, and x = 112 while y = 16. The amphiphilic, grafted block copolymers were found to aggregate in aqueous solution to give micelles with number-averaged diameters (Dav) of 12–28 nm, as measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An increase of the PEO:HBFP ratio, by increase in either the grafting densities (y values) or the chain lengths (x values), led to decreased TEM-measured diameters. These complex, amphiphilic (PEOx)y-HBFPs, with tunable sizes, might find potential applications as nanoscopic biomedical devices, such as drug delivery vehicles and 19F magnetic resonance imaging agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3487–3496, 2010
Effect of excess thymidine on the growth of human melanoma cells transplanted in thymus deficient nude mice

Summary The effect of thymidine (TdR) on the growth of a human melanoma transplanted in nude mice has been studied. It was found that the injection of 1 g/kg/h of TdR for at least 72 h is sufficient to suppress the growth of the melanoma cells. This inhibition lasts for the duration of the treatment, and causes no apparent toxicity to the host. Nude mice treated for 6–9 days with TdR survived 158 days after melanoma transplant versus 126 days for the controls.
Decision analysis of capacity expansion strategies for electrical utilities

The aim of the article is to demonstrate how decision analysis can be helpful in formulating and solving capacity expansion problems faced by electric utility companies. This general problem involves the specification of sizes and types of generation capacity (i.e., nuclear units, coal units, combustion turbines) to be brought on line at various points in time. Decision analysis is suggested as a means of identifying alternative strategies in the early stages of expansion planning in small power systems (i.e., 5000 MW or less). Such strategies serve as loose guidelines for detailed and often time-consuming studies that follow. An example problem (fashioned after an actual situation but with the data changed) is utilized to demonstrate decision analysis of nuclear- and coal-fuelled alternatives for meeting projected increases in need for base-loaded generation facilities.
Treatment Philosophy and Service Delivery in a Network of Faith-Based Substance Abuse Treatment

This research examines how the treatment philosophy and clinical practice of the Teen Challenge USA (TC)–-a national network of faith-based recovery services–-differ from secular substance abuse tr...
Photochemical carbon dioxide reduction with metal complexes

Abstract Transition-metal complexes, CoHMD 2+ (HMD=5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene) and Ru(bpy) 2 (CO)X n + (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, X=CO, Cl, H, etc.), mediate electron transfer in the photochemical reduction of CO 2 . The thermodynamics and kinetics of CO 2 binding to CoHMD + , and spectroscopic characterization of the CO 2 adducts of CoHMD + and [Ru I (bpy)(bpy − )(CO)] are described.
Reconstitution with syngeneic plus allogeneic or xenogeneic bone marrow leads to specific acceptance of allografts or xenografts

Clinical organ transplantation between genetically disparate individuals currently requires the use of chemotherapeutic agents to suppress the rejection reaction. The deleterious side effects of these reagents and their inability to prevent rejection completely has led to a continuing search for methods to induce specific transplantation tolerance in adult recipients. Numerous experimental animal models utilizing irradiation and bone marrow transplantation coincident with organ transplantation have been proposed. Bone marrow transplantation, however, has its own major complications, including graft-versus-host reactions and immunoincompetence, probably resulting from a failure of appropriate immune cell interactions in the reconstituted host. We have now attempted to overcome these difficulties by reconstituting the irradiated host with T-cell depleted bone marrow containing both host (syngeneic) and donor (allogeneic or xenogeneic) components. This technique leads to long-term survival of the reconstituted animals and specific prolongation of subsequent skin grafts of donor type. Animals reconstituted in this fashion are fully reactive to third-party allografts and xenografts and do not appear to manifest signs of graft-versus-host disease.
Tunneling and Hopping Parameters in Ta-Oxide Thick Films

The electron conduction by tunneling and hopping is investigated in Ta-oxide thick films from experimental measurements of temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR). Two parameters, a (tunneling) and β (hopping) are obtained for a series of Ta-oxide films in the temperature range 80 to 400 °K. In order to achieve these results, previous equations of electron tunneling and hopping in thick films are rewritten without using approximations: (i) α ≪ (1 + β) and (ii) α′ α in the iteration procedure. In this case α′ = ασ, where σ is a temperature dependent function involving activation energy and barrier height. The present equations are exact within the limitations of the percolation model and may be used, in general, to obtain a and β from experimental measurements of the temperature coefficient of resistivity in other thick films as well. Elektronenleitung durch Tunnelung und Hopping wird in dicken Ta-Oxid-Schichten mittels experimenteller Untersuchungen des Temperaturkoeffizienten der Leitfahigkeit (TCR) untersucht. Zwei Parameter, α (Tunneling) und β (Hopping) werden fur erne Reihe von Ta-Oxidschichten im Temperaturbereich von 80 bis 400 °K erhalten. Um diese Ergebnisse zu erhalten, werden fruhere Gleichungen des Elektronentunnelns und -hoppings in dicken Schichten ohne Benutzung folgender Naherungen erneut abgeleitet: (i) α ≪ (1 + β) und (ii) α′ α im Iterationsverfahren. In diesem Fall gilt α′ = ασ, wobei σ eine temperaturabhangige Funktion ist, die die Aktivierungsenergie und Barrierenhohe einschliest. Die vorgestellten Gleichungen sind exakt innerhalb der Grenzen des Perkolationsmodells und lassen sich allgemein zur Bestimmung von α und β aus Messungen des Temperaturkoeffizienten der Leitfahigkeit in anderen dicken Schichten ebenfalls benutzen.
Enzyme assay in cultures of Escherichia coli by a continuous flow method based on lysis from without by a phage ghost.

Abstract Lysis of Escherichia coli from without by excess of phage ghost has been shown to give excellent yield of several enzymes. The application of lysis from without to a continuous determination of enzymes in growing cultures of E. coli is illustrated with β-galactosidase. This application can be used in studies on changes of a large number of enzymes during metabolic perturbation (induction, repression, etc.) of growing cultures of E. coli .
From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima : the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific, 1941-45

List of Maps - Acknowledgements - Preface D.C.Watt - Contributors - Introduction S.Dockrill - PART 1: THE ROAD TO PEARL HARBOR - Anglo-Japanese Alienation Revisited I.Nish - Winston Churchill, the Military, and the Defence of the British Empire in Asia J.Pritchard - Admiral's Yamamoto's Surprise Attack and the Japanese Navy's War Strategy I.Hata - PART 2: CONFLICTS IN THE PACIFIC - American Seizure of Japan's Strategic Points: Summer 1942-44 R.Spector - US Army Codebreakers and the War against Japan E.Drea - PART 3: CONFLICTS IN ASIA - Burma: the Longest War: 1941-45 L.Allen & D.Steeds - Thailand, Japanese Pan-Asianism and the greater East Asia Co-Presperity Sphere N.Brailey - The China Theatre and the Pacific War W.Tao - PART 4: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DURING THE WAR - The German-Japanese Alliance in the Second World War B.Martin - Britain, the Commonwealth and Pacific Security P.Lowe - PART 5: TERMINATION OF THE WAR IN AUGUST 1945 - Hiroshima: a Strategy of Shock L.Freedman & S.Dockrill - PART 6: CONCLUSIONS - The Legacy of 'the Pacific War' seen from Europe S.Dockrill - Select Bibliography - Index
Experimental and finite element investigation of cementless CUP/BONE interface after total HIP arthroplasty

Permanent fixation of a cementless total hip arthroplasty requires bone ingrowth into the femoral and acetabular components. Early micromotion at the acetabular cup/bone interface can preclude ingrowth threatening long term fixation. To better characterize micromotion of the interface under loading conditions, an experimental and finite element (FE) study was undertaken. In this study cadaver hemi-pelvises were implanted with cementless acetabular cups and subjected to cyclical axial load and torque. Detailed finite element model, validated with experimental results, was developed to further analyze the conditions affecting the initial stability and loosening of the interface for different loading conditions.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Direct Detection of the Proton-Containing Group Coordinated to Mo(V) in the High pH Form of Chicken Liver Sulfite Oxidase by Refocused Primary ESEEM Spectroscopy: Structural and Mechanistic Implications

A refocused primary electron spin−echo envelope modulation (RP ESEEM) technique and an adjustable frequency S/C-band pulsed EPR spectrometer have been used to produce ESEEM spectra with the lines due to nearby protons being greatly enhanced relative to those due to distant matrix protons. Application of this technique to the high pH (hpH) form of the Mo(V) center of sulfite oxidase has enabled nearby protons to be directly detected for the first time. Simulation of the RP ESEEM spectrum of the hpH form suggests the presence of two nearby protons that have distributed hyperfine interactions (hfi); these protons are ascribed to a MoV−OH group with strong H-bonding interactions to other nearby proton donors or to the presence of a coordinated H2O ligand. The RP ESEEM technique promises to be widely applicable to the investigation of mutant forms of SO with altered Mo centers and paramagnetic centers in other metalloproteins where a nearby proton of interest is often masked by much more numerous distant proto...
Human Cationic Trypsinogen: Arg117 IS THE REACTIVE SITE OF AN INHIBITORY SURFACE LOOP THAT CONTROLS SPONTANEOUS ZYMOGEN ACTIVATION *

Mutation of Arg(117), an autocatalytic cleavage site, is the most frequent amino acid change found in the cationic trypsinogen (Tg) of patients with hereditary pancreatitis. In the present study, the role of Arg(117) was investigated in wild-type cationic Tg and in the activation-resistant Lys(15) --> Gln mutant (K15Q-Tg), in which Tg-specific properties of Arg(117) can be examined selectively. We found that trypsinolytic cleavage of the Arg(117)-Val(118) bond did not proceed to completion, but due to trypsin-catalyzed re-synthesis an equilibrium was established between intact Tg and its cleaved, two-chain form. In the absence of Ca(2+), at pH 8.0, the hydrolysis equilibrium (K(hyd) = [cleaved Tg]/[intact Tg]) was 5.4, whereas 5 mm Ca(2+) reduced the rate of cleavage at Arg(117) at least 20-fold, and shifted K(hyd) to 0.7. These observations indicate that the Arg(117)-Val(118) bond exhibits properties analogous to the reactive site bond of canonical trypsin inhibitors and suggest that this surface loop might serve as a low affinity inhibitor of zymogen activation. Consistent with this notion, autoactivation of cationic Tg was inhibited by the cleaved form of K15Q-Tg, with an estimated K(i) of 80 microm, while no inhibition was observed with K15Q-Tg carrying the Arg(117) --> His mutation. Finally, zymogen breakdown due to other trypsinolytic pathways was shown to proceed almost 2000-fold slower than cleavage at Arg(117). Taken together, the findings suggest two independent, successively functional trypsin-mediated mechanisms against pathological Tg activation in the pancreas. At low trypsin concentrations, cleavage at Arg(117) results in inhibition of trypsin, whereas high trypsin concentrations degrade Tg, thus limiting further zymogen activation. Loss of Arg(117)-dependent trypsin inhibition can contribute to the development of hereditary pancreatitis associated with the Arg(117) --> His mutation.
A control model of policy uncertainty and energy R&D investments

Using an optimal control model, we explore the reaction of a firm's optimal investment into an RD first, that the influence of risk on investment decisions depends on model formulation. Second, near-term investments decrease in risk in the magnitude of a carbon tax, but increase in uncertainty in the timing of a carbon tax.
Akaike-type criteria and the reliability of inference: Model selection versus statistical model specification

Since the 1990s, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and its various modifications/extensions, including BIC, have found wide applicability in econometrics as objective procedures that can be used to select parsimonious statistical models. The aim of this paper is to argue that these model selection procedures invariably give rise to unreliable inferences, primarily because their choice within a prespecified family of models (a) assumes away the problem of model validation, and (b) ignores the relevant error probabilities. This paper argues for a return to the original statistical model specification problem, as envisaged by Fisher (1922), where the task is understood as one of selecting a statistical model in such a way as to render the particular data a truly typical realization of the stochastic process specified by the model in question. The key to addressing this problem is to replace trading goodness-of-fit against parsimony with statistical adequacy as the sole criterion for when a fitted model accounts for the regularities in the data.
Computed tomography imaging of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses in children with short-duration purulent rhinorrhea

Abstract Introduction: Adults with a common cold often have paranasal sinus effusions detected by computed tomographic (CT) scans. There are no comparable data for children. The purpose of this study was to document the sinus CT findings in children with short-duration purulent rhinorrhea. Design: Thirty children, 3 to 12 years of age (median age, 7 years), with purulent rhinorrhea for a mean duration of 5 days (and always less than 9 days) were enrolled in the study. The children were otherwise well. Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approval was obtained before enrollment of the first patient. Informed written consent was obtained from each child's parent. CT imaging of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses was obtained on the day of the initial visit (occasionally, the following day). Follow-up CT scans were obtained from cooperative children/parents, 3 to 4 weeks later. Results: Opacification or an air/fluid level in the maxillary sinuses was seen in 27 (90%) of 30 study children at study entry. Ethmoid sinuses were not opacified without opacification of a maxillary sinus. Three weeks later, 24 of 27 study children, who had positive CT scans on study entry, improved clinically. Of 17 follow-up CT scans, 10 (58%) normalized, 4 had improvement of bilateral disease, and 3 improved with unilateral disease. None appeared worse than baseline. Conclusions: Pansinus opacification (ethmoid and maxillary sinuses), on CT scans in children with short-duration purulent nasal drainage was seen in 70% of children. An additional 20% had isolated maxillary sinus effusions (10% had no effusion). Three-week follow-up CT scans on 17 children were normal in 60% and improved (partial clearance) in 40%. In this patient population, the decision to treat with antibiotics should be made on clinical grounds alone.
Defining supply chain management: a historical perspective and practical guidelines

Interest in supply chain management has steadily increased since the 1980s when firms saw the benefits of collaborative relationships within and beyond their own organization. Firms are finding that they can no longer compete effectively in isolation of their suppliers or other entities in the supply chain. A number of definitions of supply chain management have been proposed in the literature and in practice. This paper defines the concept of supply chain management and discusses its historical evolution. The term does not replace supplier partnerships, nor is it a description of the logistics function. The competitive importance of linking a firm’s supply chain strategy to its overall business strategy and some practical guidelines are offered for successful supply chain management.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RESIDENTIAL PLACEMENT IN AN ASSERTIVE COMMUNITY TREATMENT PROGRAM

Assertive community treatment (ACT) programs originated to meet the needs of the severely mentally ill (SMI) for multiple psychosocial supports necessary for community living. Housing has been prominent among these needs and research to date on ACT programs has addressed residential outcomes, principally reduced homelessness and maintenance in some form of stable housing. However, limited studies have examined variables that might predict particular types of residential placements, which range from unsupervised to highly structured environments. The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to residential placement for the subjects in a model ACT program. Of multiple variables assessed, two were significantly related to residential placement. Chronic respiratory illness was strongly associated with placement in supervised group homes. Team assignment was associated with placement, with clients in one of three teams significantly more likely to live more independently. Clients assigned to this ...
Interband optical transitions in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs superlattices in an applied electric field.

We have investigated the light absorption in a GaAs-${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As superlattice in the presence of an applied electric field. Using Houston functions to represent the valence and conduction states we have calculated the transition rates between the valence and conduction subbands for different values of the field. Both the Franz-Keldysh shift and Franz-Keldysh oscillations emerge from the formalism. The absorption edge as a function of photon energy varies exponentially and has small oscillations superimposed on it. It is followed by a flat region characteristic of a two-dimensional electron gas. The use of Houston functions is justified by computing the tunneling probability between adjacent subbands and showing that it is negligibly small.
Permeation of vanadium cations through anionic and cationic membranes

The permeability of four commercially available ion-exchange membranes, the cationic Nafion 125 (duPont) and Selemion CMV (Asahi Glass) membranes and the anionic Selemion AMV and DMV membranes, to vanadyl, VO2+, and vanadic, VO 2 + , ions was studied. The results show that two important variables determine the usefulness of a membrane as a membrane separator in a redox cell. These are selectivity and membrane-electrolyte resistance. Only the DMV membrane was considered to meet the requirements of low permeability to vanadium cations and at the same time permitting H+ ions to go through the membrane, thereby providing a very low membrane-electrolyte resistance in the redox fuel cell.
Fat intake in husbands of participants in the Dietary Modification component of the Women’s Health Initiative

Abstract Intakes of total, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats over the previous three months were assessed in husbands (or domestic partners) of women in the Dietary Modification component of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized to either the low-fat intervention or control arm for at least one year at the Birmingham, Alabama WHI Clinical Center. Dietary intake was estimated with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire mailed to each husband. Intervention husbands consumed 35.0% of total energy from total fat compared to 37.4% in control husbands ( p p p p
Cyber-physical codesign of distributed structural health monitoring with wireless sensor networks

Our deteriorating civil infrastructure faces the critical challenge of long-term structural health monitoring for damage detection and localization. In contrast to existing research that often separates the designs of wireless sensor networks and structural engineering algorithms, this paper proposes a cyber-physical co-design approach to structural health monitoring based on wireless sensor networks. Our approach closely integrates (1) flexibility-based damage localization methods that allow a tradeoff between the number of sensors and the resolution of damage localization, and (2) an energy-efficient, multi-level computing architecture specifically designed to leverage the multi-resolution feature of the flexibility-based approach. The proposed approach has been implemented on the Intel Imote2 platform. Experiments on a physical beam and simulations of a truss structure demonstrate the system's efficacy in damage localization and energy efficiency.
Topical gentamicin does not provide any additional anastomotic strength when combined with fibrin glue

Abstract Background We evaluated the effect of a combination of fibrin sealant and topical gentamicin on a colonic anastomosis in a rat model. Methods Partial anastomosis in the transverse colon was performed in 70 male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 6 to 10 weeks using 5 interrupted sutures. The rats were divided into 4 groups (control, gentamicin, fibrin glue, and combination). On postoperative days 3 and 5, the rats in each group were killed, anastomotic bursting pressures scores and bowel loop adhesions were determined, and histologic examination was performed. Results No significant difference was noted in the bursting pressures, adhesions, inflammatory infiltrates, fibroblasts, or neoangiogenesis between the fibrin-glue only and the combination groups for both the day 3 and day 5 subgroups. Conclusions The combination of topical gentamicin and fibrin glue had little effect because the combination did not provide additional anastomotic strength or decrease the number of adhesions when compared with fibrin glue alone.
Adrenal cells in tissue culture. II. Steroidogenic responses to nucleosides and nucleotides.

Monolayer cultures of adrenal cells which respond to ACTH with increased steroid production were found to have comparable stimulation of steroidogenesis induced by 3′,5′ cyclic-AMP. The same order of stimulation was found with adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP as well. Partial responses were seen with certain uridine and cytosine phosphates. Morphologic changes, previously attributed specifically to ACTH, were found to be produced by all of the adenosine compounds tested, suggesting that these compounds mimic the action of ACTH. (Endocrinology 84: 1113, 1969)
Apolipoprotein E, Carbon Dioxide Vasoreactivity, and Cognition in Older Adults: Effect of Hypertension

The e4 allele of the gene that codes apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been consistently found to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other cognitive disorders.1 APOE-e4 may also be associated with poor cognitive performance in older adults without dementia2, 3 and is associated with hypertension, which in turn may increase the risk of cognitive impairment.4, 5 Prior studies suggest that hypertension and APOE have a cumulative effect on the risk of AD,6 but fewer studies have explored the combined effect on cognition in older adults without dementia. For example in the Honolulu–Asia Aging Study, midlife high systolic blood pressure had a stronger negative effect on global measures of cognition in participants with APOE-e4.7 APOE is a protein involved in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in the brain by taking up lipids produced after neuronal degeneration and redistributing them for cellular repair.8 Carriers of the APOE-e4 allele have lower levels of APOE lipoprotein than carriers of the other alleles. 9 In addition to neurotoxic manifestations of this allele, recent evidence suggests possible harmful cerebrovascular effects. 10 In an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model, APOE was found to be involved in the regulation of the integrity of tight junctions in an isoform-dependent fashion.11 Mice models suggest that APOE-e4 disrupts BBB integrity through cyclophilin A. 12 As reviewed recently, most of the observations regarding APOE and cerebral microvascular effects were derived from animal models or postmortem studies; few human in vivo studies exist.10 Measuring the cerebral blood flow response to changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) (CO2 vasoreactivity) is a noninvasive in vivo method of assessing the integrity and function of the brain microcirculation.13 Low CO2 vasoreactivity has been observed in individuals with AD and vascular dementia.14, 15 Previous work suggests that CO2 vasoreactivity is low in individuals with hypertension and is linked to poor executive function.16, 17 It was hypothesized that APOE-e4 carriers would have low CO2 vasoreactivity, which also might be related to cognitive performance. The associations between APOE, CO2 vasoreactivity, and cognitive function were examined in a population-based study of older adults, and the potential effect of CO2 vasoreactivity and hypertension on the relationship between APOE-e4 and cognition was investigated.
Determination of Substrate Preference in Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylation by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract A method has been developed to determine the substrate preference in phosphatidylserine decarboxylation (PSD), the process by which phosphatidylserine is converted to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the mitochondria. The in vitro assay utilized liposomes containing deuterium-labeled PS molecular species incubated with liver and brain cortex mitochondria, and the conversion of PS to the corresponding PE species was monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in conjunction with reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Employing this approach we were able to establish for the first time that there exists a substrate preference in PSD in liver (18:0,18:1 ≥ 18:0,22:6 > 18:0,20:4-PS) and brain cortex (18:0,22:6 > 18:0,18:1 > 18:0,20:4-PS). The observed PSD molecular species preference, however, did not reflect the mitochondrial PE profile, suggesting that selectivity in other processes such as de novo PE synthesis, intracellular transport of phospholipid molecules, or remodeling by deacylation–reacylation may be important contributors in maintaining a specific lipid profile in mitochondria.
Inhibitory Effects of PPARγ Ligands on TGF-β1–Induced Corneal Myofibroblast Transformation

Corneal scarring, whether caused by trauma, laser refractive surgery, or infection, remains a significant problem for humans. Certain ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) have shown promise as antiscarring agents in a variety of body tissues. In the cornea, their relative effectiveness and mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Here, we contrasted the antifibrotic effects of three different PPARγ ligands (15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, troglitazone, and rosiglitazone) in cat corneal fibroblasts. Western blot analyses revealed that all three compounds reduced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1–driven myofibroblast differentiation and up-regulation of α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen, and fibronectin expression. Because these effects were independent of PPARγ, we ascertained whether they occurred by altering phosphorylation of Smads 2/3, p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase, stress-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and/or myosin light chain 2. Only p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by all three PPARγ ligands. Finally, we tested the antifibrotic potential of troglitazone in a cat model of photorefractive keratectomy–induced corneal injury. Topical application of troglitazone significantly reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression and haze in the stromal ablation zone. Thus, the PPARγ ligands tested here showed great promise as antifibrotics, both in vitro and in vivo . Our results also provided new evidence for the signaling pathways that may underlie these antifibrotic actions in corneal fibroblasts.
Ultrahigh-resolution high-speed retinal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

We present the first ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural intensity images and movies of the human retina in vivo at 29.3 frames per second with 500 A-lines per frame. Data was acquired at a continuous rate of 29,300 spectra per second with a 98% duty cycle. Two consecutive spectra were coherently summed to improve sensitivity, resulting in an effective rate of 14,600 A-lines per second at an effective integration time of 68 micros. The turn-key source was a combination of two super luminescent diodes with a combined spectral width of more than 150 nm providing 4.5 mW of power. The spectrometer of the spectraldomain OCT (SD-OCT) setup was centered around 885 nm with a bandwidth of 145 nm. The effective bandwidth in the eye was limited to approximately 100 nm due to increased absorption of wavelengths above 920 nm in the vitreous. Comparing the performance of our ultrahighresolution SD-OCT system with a conventional high-resolution time domain OCT system, the A-line rate of the spectral-domain OCT system was 59 times higher at a 5.4 dB lower sensitivity. With use of a software based dispersion compensation scheme, coherence length broadening due to dispersion mismatch between sample and reference arms was minimized. The coherence length measured from a mirror in air was equal to 4.0 microm (n= 1). The coherence length determined from the specular reflection of the foveal umbo in vivo in a healthy human eye was equal to 3.5 microm (n = 1.38). With this new system, two layers at the location of the retinal pigmented epithelium seem to be present, as well as small features in the inner and outer plexiform layers, which are believed to be small blood vessels. ?2004 Optical Society of America.
Reducing Loss to Follow-Up with Tele-audiology Diagnostic Evaluations.

Abstract Background: Infants who do not pass their newborn hearing screen require diagnostic follow-up visits but often face access barriers such as travel distance and shortage of pediatric audiologists. Telemedicine (tele-audiology) is a potential solution to provide diagnostic hearing evaluations for families of infants facing access barriers. We determined the feasibility and impact of a tele-audiology program that provided comprehensive diagnostic evaluations to a region with a high lost to follow-up rate among newborns who did not pass their newborn hearing screen. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the tele-audiology program using parent and provider surveys to determine the perception of quality and satisfaction of care. We also compared the lost to follow-up rate of the tele-audiology program with the loss to follow-up in the region before the implementation of the program. Results: Twenty-two infants who did not pass their newborn hearing screen were referred to the tele-audiology program for d...
Surface Flashover of Cylindrical G10 Under ac and dc Voltages at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures

The results of experimental determination of surface flashover breakdown voltage under high voltage ac and dc for cylindrical G10 are presented. The results are analysed using Weibull statistics and are compared with theoretical field calculations obtained using Ansoft, which is a software package based on finite element analysis. The results show that there is significant improvement of the parameters such as surface flashover voltage and reliability of the results at 77 k over those at 293 K.
A critical role for the anterior hippocampus in relational memory: Evidence from an fMRI study comparing associative and item recognition

Neuroscientific research has established that the hippocampal formation, a structure within the medial temporal lobe (MTL), plays a critical role in memory for facts and events (declarative memory) (Milner et al., 1998). However, its precise role remains unclear. According to one view, the hippocampus has a special role in relating or binding together previously unrelated pieces of information, while another view proposes that the hippocampus is equally involved in all forms of declarative memory, regardless of their demands on relational processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we show that hippocampal activation is modulated by the extent to which a retrieval task depends on relational processing.
Assessing the factor structures of the 55- and 22-item versions of the conformity to masculine norms inventory

The current study examined the psychometric properties of the abbreviated versions, 55- and 22-items, of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI). The authors tested the factor structure for the 11 subscales of the CMNI-55 and the global masculinity factor for the CMNI-55 and the CMNI-22. In a clinical sample of men and women (n=522), the results supported the 11-factor model. Furthermore, the factor structure was invariant for men and women. The higher order model, which tested the utility of the global masculine score, demonstrated marginal fit. The factor structures for the global masculinity score for the CMNI-22 demonstrated poor fit. Collectively, the results suggest that the CMNI-55 is better represented in a multidimensional construct. The subscales' alpha levels and factor loadings were, generally, within acceptable limits. Gender and ethnic mean level differences are also reported.