cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single author self-reference: Identity construction and pragmatic competence

Abstract Chen and Yang (forthcoming) find that, in published work, authors of academic writing in English (AWE) in the area of language studies predominantly use the 1st-person singular, I, to refer to themselves as single authors in their publications. Authors of academic writing in Chinese (AWC), however, largely avoid the 1st-person singular pronoun for single author self-reference. Based on interview data and available literature, we propose that the avoidance of the 1st-person singular by AWC writers for single author self-reference is motivated by modesty, a notion that has been shown to be a key value of Chinese culture. How do Chinese writers of AWE self-refer? The present paper reports on a series of survey studies aimed at answering this question. It is found that Chinese writers of AWE are like neither AWE writers nor AWC writers: they use both I and other NPs that are not I. In addition, they differ in the degree to which they chose such in-between linguistic behaviors depending on where they are in their academic career (e.g., as bachelor’s thesis writers, as master’s thesis writers, as doctoral dissertation writers, or as conference abstract writers). It is argued that they do so because they are caught between the conventions of the two languages. In such a bind, they strive to find the best way to “construct a credible representation of themselves and their work …. ” (Hyland, 2002: 1091) but, in absence of formal instruction, the best way they end up finding largely do not conform to the conventions of AWE. These findings reveal much about how cultural values influence the development of pragmatic competence in academic writing and have important pedagogical implications.
A multitask deep learning method in simultaneously predicting occult invasive disease in ductal carcinoma in-situ and segmenting microcalcifications in mammography

We proposed a two-branch multitask learning convolutional neural network to solve two different but related tasks at the same time. Our main task is to predict occult invasive disease in biopsy proven Ductal Carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), with an auxiliary task of segmenting microcalcifications (MCs). In this study, we collected digital mammography from 604 patients, 400 of which were DCIS. The model used patches with size of 512×512 extracted within a radiologist masked ROIs as input, with outputs including noisy MC segmentations obtained from our previous algorithms, and classification labels from final diagnosis at patients’ definite surgery. We utilized a deep multitask model by combining both Unet segmentation networks and prediction classification networks, by sharing first several convolutional layers. The model achieved a patch-based ROC-AUC of 0.69, with a case-based ROC-AUC of 0.61. Segmentation results achieved a dice coefficient of 0.49.
Marketing Student Perceptions of Academic Program Quality and Relationships to Surface, Deep, and Strategic Learning Approaches.

A substantial body of empirical research outside of the marketing education literature indicates that students adopt surface, deep, or strategic learning approaches based on their learning environm...
Adapting a Military System for Other Markets Early in the Development Lifecycle

Military technologies are typically the product of long-term development efforts. These technologies are often adapted late in the development process for use by other users, including other members of the defense enterprise, foreign militaries, or the commercial sector. The need to adapt a technology can arise from cost over-runs or changing operational requirements. This article describes a value-based methodology for developing a transition plan early in the development process, when the system is still in the conceptual phase. Performing this analysis early in the design phase allows for design choices that will support adapting the system for other users. Moreover, it provides a risk mitigation strategy against cost over-run and changes in operational requirements. The process begins by capturing the functional architecture of the technology and analyzing them against a set of tasks associated with different military positions. From there, the adapted technology is evaluated for its projected adequacy based on the value added and the effort required for adaptation. The end-state of this analysis is a value-based model that identifies a portfolio of possible alternative markets and/or uses, which can be comparatively analyzed. A case study is presented for adapting a military augmented reality system for a different market.
A Meta-Analysis of Extracorporeal Anticoagulants in Pediatric Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy:

Objective:Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the primary therapeutic modality utilized in hemodynamically unstable patients with severe acute kidney injury. As the circuit is extracorp...
Reciprocal Sequences as CM Sequences

The conditionally Markov (CM) sequence contains several classes, including the reciprocal sequence. Reciprocal sequences have been widely used in many areas of engineering, including image processing, acausal systems, intelligent systems, and intent inference. In this paper, the reciprocal sequence is studied from the CM sequence point of view, which is different from the viewpoint of the literature and leads to more insight into the reciprocal sequence. Based on this viewpoint, new results, properties, and easily applicable tools are obtained for the reciprocal sequence. The nonsingular Gaussian (NG) reciprocal sequence is modeled and characterized from the CM viewpoint. It is shown that an NG sequence is reciprocal if and only if it is both $CM_L$ and $CM_F$ (two special classes of CM sequences). New dynamic models are presented for the NG reciprocal sequence. These models (unlike the existing one, which is driven by colored noise) are driven by white noise and are easily applicable. As a special reciprocal sequence, the Markov sequence is also discussed. Finally, it can be seen how all CM sequences, including Markov and reciprocal, are unified.
Management of Peritonsillar Abscess Within a Local Emergency Department: A Quality Analysis Study.

Objective: Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep space infection of the head and neck, affecting thousands of people annually with high treatment costs. The purpose of this project was to determine how in-network emergency departments (EDs) adhere to generally accepted guidelines regarding diagnosis and management of potential PTAs. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective chart review to identify patients with PTA in five EDs in one year. Information pertaining to diagnostic tests, treatment, and airway status was also collected. Descriptive analysis was used to assess if EDs were consistent with generally accepted guidelines. Results: Six hundred twenty-one patient records were identified and 140 were included in final analysis. Out of 140 patients, 71 were admitted for inpatient management and 23 were admitted for observation. Of the 46 patients diagnosed and discharged from the ED, 61% received a computerized tomography (CT) scan and only 39% had PTA drainage performed. Four (3%) patients received a point of care ultrasound and a CT scan and no patient received only an ultrasound. Out of all patients, 116/140 received a CT scan and 22 received drainage in the ED. The remainder of these patients either had drainage performed by an otolaryngologist or had no drainage performed. Of the 94 patients admitted for inpatient or observation, 84 received a CT scan and six received drainage by an ED physician. Only 62% of patients were given a penicillin derivative and 29% were given clindamycin, which has no Gram-negative coverage. Conclusion: One-third of PTA patients were managed within the ED, far less than similar studies. Of these, over 50% received a CT scan and less than 50% had PTA drainage. PTA drainage can improve patients’ symptoms and antibiotic effectiveness. The majority of patients were prescribed a penicillin derivative with or without another antibiotic.
Dynamic spreading of chromatin-mediated gene silencing and reactivation between neighboring genes in single cells

In mammalian cells genes that are in close proximity are coupled transcriptionally: silencing or activating one gene can affect its neighbors. Understanding these dynamics is important for natural processes, such as heterochromatin spreading during development and aging, and when designing synthetic gene regulation. Here, we systematically dissect this process in single cells by recruiting and releasing repressive chromatin regulators at dual-gene synthetic reporters, and measuring how fast gene silencing and reactivation spread as a function of intergenic distance and configuration of insulator elements. We find that silencing by KRAB, associated with histone methylation, spreads between two genes within hours, with a time delay that increases with distance. This fast KRAB-mediated spreading is not blocked by the classical cHS4 insulators. Silencing by histone deacetylase HDAC4 of the upstream gene can also lead to downstream gene silencing, but with a days-long delay that does not change with distance. This slower silencing can sometimes be stopped by insulators. Gene reactivation of neighboring genes is also coupled, with strong promoters and insulators determining the order of reactivation. We propose a new model of multi-gene regulation, where both gene silencing and gene reactivation can act at a distance, allowing for coordinated dynamics via chromatin regulator recruitment.
A sodium and potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase from cardiac tissues—III: The properties of an endogenous inhibitory factor

Abstract An endogenous factor has been solubilized from cardiac muscle preparations, which exerts a preferential inhibitory action on the Mg 2+ -dependent site of a heart microsomal ATPase system. Similar factors have been isolated from brain and parotid gland. The effects of this material resemble those induced by certain nitrogenous compounds and those observed after ‘aging’ of the enzyme system. Possible relationships to basic polypeptides are discussed.
Single Elementary Associative-Commutative Matching

A single elementary associative-commutative (AC) matching problem has a pattern term that consists of a single (variadic) AC function symbol with only variable symbols as arguments and a subject term that consists of a single (variadic) AC function symbol with only constant symbols as arguments. We show that even this very restricted formulation of AC matching has an NP-complete decision problem. We consider a number of methods to contain the growth in the search space, including a lookup table for the solubility of subproblems, a digraph reformulation of the problem, and a search tree pruning method that uses failure information together with a partial ordering on branches. We give empirical results for the method that seems to work best in practice, and we list some ‘hard’ problem instances.
STRUCTURAL AND LEAN MASS CONCRETE AS AFFECTED BY WATER- REDUCING, SET-RETARDING AGENTS

SEVERAL COMMERCIAL WATER-REDUCING, SET-RETARDING AGENTS OF THE LIGNIN AND HYDROXYLATED CARBOXYLIC ACID CLASSES ARE EXPLORED AS TO THEIR EFFECT ON MIX DESIGN AND ON THE MANY PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE. THEIR BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXPLAINED. METHODOLOGY CONSISTED OF COMPARING VARIOUS CONCRETES CONTAINING WATER-REDUCING RETARDING AGENTS WITH SIMILAR CONCRETES WITHOUT AGENT. RESULTS OF SEVERAL HUNDRED LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS CONDUCTED OVER THE PAST 5 YEARS SHOW THAT THE OPTIMUM DOSAGES OF MANY AGENTS ON THE MARKET TODAY WILL INCREASE THE COMPRESSIVE, TENSILE, AND SHEARING STRENGTH OF MASS AND STRUCTURAL CONCRETE AND IMPROVE ITS RESISTANCE TO FREEZING AND THAWING AND SULFATE-INDUCED EXPANSIVE FORCES. THE PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTION OF WATER-REDUCING RETARDING AGENTS TOWARDS IMPROVED WORKABILITY IS THROUGH THEIR ABILITY TO EXTEND THE LENGTH OF TIME IN WHICH CONCRETE CAN BE CONSOLIDATED BY VIBRATION AND THUS REDUCE THE RISK OF OBTAINING COLD JOINTS. THEY DO NOT, HOWEVER, IMPROVE THE EASE OF HANDLING CONCRETE AS GAGED BY THE SLUMP TEST, AND IN A FEW CASES WILL INCREASE THE RATE OF SLUMP LOSS. VOLUME CHANGE DUE TO WETTING AND DRYING, AND PERMEABILITY OF MASS CONCRETE ARE NOT AFFECTED BY WATER-REDUCING RETARDING AGENTS IN AMOUNTS SUFFICIENT TO WARRANT CHANGES IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS. HOWEVER, REDUCED TEMPERATURE RISE AND SAVINGS IN COOLING MASS CONCRETE MAY BE ACHIEVED AS A RESULT OF LOWER CEMENT REQUIREMENT ATTENDANT TO THEIR USE. /AUTHOR/
The visual brightness behavior of P/Halley during 1981–1987

The overall behavior of the total visual coma brightness of P/Halley during 1981–1987 is discussed. Observations used in this study include ∼ 75 published “V” magnitudes obtained with large telescopes (usually with CCDs) prior to July 1985 and ∼ 3500 total magnitudes (published in the International Comet Quarterly) estimated visually with smaller telescopes during the period July 1985-February 1987. We discuss the observed macroscopic light curve and provide preliminary least-square fits to the traditional power-law formula. While the heliocentric brightness (H) variation with respect to heliocentric distance (r) did not follow expectations closely, P/Halley’s maximum brightness during 1986 Feb.-Apr. fell somewhere between the most pessimistic and the most optimistic forecasts. We also review brightness variations on smaller timescales (hours, days), noting that several definite outbursts in total visual magnitude occurred during Oct. 1985-May 1986 which can be correlated with outbursts observed at other wavelengths.
μ→eγ: Possible signature of heavy neutral leptons

The rare decay modes μ→eγ, μ→eγ, K+→π+μe and KL → μe are calculated in a model in which two heavy neutral leptons (M0, E0) have right-hand couplings to both muons and electrons. FormE=0.5 andmM=2.0 GeV we find B(μ→eγ)=1.3·10-9δ2,B(K+→π+μ+e-)=5.8·10-14δ2 andB(KL→μ+e-) = 4.8·10-12δ2, where σ=sin 2ω specifies the E0, M0 mixing. We verify that present limits on μe universality are not violated. We present expected production and decay characteristics of the new leptons, and discuss experimental possibilities for observation of gross electron and muon number violations.
Prostaglandin E2 promotes proliferation of skeletal muscle myoblasts via EP4 receptor activation

We recently demonstrated that conditioned media (CM) from osteocytes enhances myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, suggesting that signaling from bone may be important for skeletal muscle myogenesis. The effect of CM was closely mimicked by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a bioactive lipid mediator in various physiological or pathological conditions. PGE2 is secreted at high levels by osteocytes and such secretion is further enhanced under loading conditions. Although four types of receptors, EP1 to EP4, mediate PGE2 signaling, it is unknown whether these receptors play a role in myogenesis. Therefore, in this study, the expression of EPs in mouse primary myoblasts was characterized, followed by examination of their roles in myoblast proliferation by treating myoblasts with PGE2 or specific agonists. All four PGE2 receptor mRNAs were detectable by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), but only PGE2 and EP4 agonist CAY 10598 significantly enhance myoblast proliferation. EP1/EP3 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (17-PT...
Complex Permittivity and Penetration Depth of Certain Biological Tissue Between 40 and 90 GHz

First measurements of the complex permittivity and penetration depth of millimeter waves in fat and muscle tissue are reported. A new phaseless reduction technique is used. Significant variations of tissue properties after death were found.
The Volcano Adventure Guide

Adventure travels to volcanoes offer chance encounters with danger, excitement, and romance, plus opportunities to experience scientific enlightenment and culture. To witness a violently erupting volcano and its resulting impacts on landscape, climate, and humanity is a powerful personal encounter with gigantic planetary forces. To study volcano processes and products during eruptions is to walk in the footsteps of Pliny himself. To tour the splendors and horrors of 25 preeminent volcanoes might be the experience of a lifetime, for scientists and nonscientists alike.
Acid-peptic digestion of the intestinal mucosa.

Abstract Composite conduits made variously of proximal duodenum, distal duodenum, and jejunum were used to drain denervated gastric pouches. When half of the circumference was duodenum and the other jejunum, 5 of 6 dogs ulcerated the jejunal area of the drainage conduit within 24 to 63 days. Ulceration appeared in the segment of conduit composed of distal duodenum when this was matched with the proximal duodenum containing Brunner's glands. These studies support the concept of an aboral gradient of intestinal mucosal sensitivity to acid-peptic digestion. They suggest that gastroenterostomies should be performed as close as possible to the duodenum in order to obviate marginal ulceration.
Chemotherapy with vincristine (VCR) and etoposide (VP-16) in children with low-grade astrocytoma

Twenty patients, aged 6 months to 20 years, with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) participated in a chemotherapy trial of vincristine (VCR) and etoposide (VP-16). Fourteen children had recurrent progressive disease at entry on study. Prior treatment consisted of surgical resection alone (6), surgical resection and irradiation (4), surgical resection, irradiation and chemotherapy (2), surgery and chemotherapy (1), and irradiation and chemotherapy (1). Six patients were treated at initial diagnosis of LGA because they were less than 5 years old (5) or for a second primary tumor (1). Four recurrent patients and 3 newly diagnosed patients underwent surgical debulking of their tumors immediately prior to study entry. Tumors were located in the optic nerve/chiasm/hypothalamus (8), brain stem/cerebellum (4), cerebral hemispheres (3), midline structures (3), and spinal cord (2). The treatment plan administered in an out-patient setting consisted of weekly VCR 1.5 mg/m2 for 7 to 8 weeks and VP-16100 mg/m2 for 5 days repeated every 6 weeks for a total of 18 months of therapy. Responses were evaluated by computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Of the 20 patients, l exhibited a partial response maintained for 12+ months, 3 exhibited minor responses maintained for a period of 10+ to 35 months, and 11 maintained stable disease for 10 to 42 months. Of the 11 patients with stable disease, 2 were withdrawn early from the study without further therapy. Five of the 20 patients developed progressive disease; for 4 of these 5, this occurred during the first course of therapy. Subsequently, these 5 died due to tumor. Vincristine and etoposide produced minimal hematological and neurological toxicity and appeared to offer some benefit in patients with LGA. The authors suggest the therapy potentially can produce prolonged disease stabilization, or perhaps help avoid irradiation in the young child with LGA.
Decomposition of dilute concentrations of carbon tetrachloride in air by an electron-beam generated plasma☆

Abstract A laboratory-scale 100 keV electron-beam reactor has been used to selectively decompose dilute concentrations of carbon tetrachloride in atmospheric pressure air streams. CCl4 intake mole concentrations in the 10–700 ppm range and flow rates of 0.003–0.7ft3/min were studied. The fractional removal of CCl4 was determined as a function of the electron-beam power deposited in the gas. Adiabatic temperature increases for 90% removal of CCl4 in dry air were ∼15 to 160 K, depending upon intake concentration, substantially less than the temperatures required for thermal decomposition. The results are approximately consistent with dissociative electron attachment as the major decomposition mechanism. Fractional removal as high as 99.8% was measured (current limit of gas analysis). The energy requirements for humid air were generally on the order of two times larger than those for dry air. The decomposition products were dissolved in aqueous solutions.
TEENAGE PARENTING AND CHILD ABUSE: Are They Related?

The relationship between teenage parenting and child abuse is examined in terms of three methodological problems that must be considered in assessing this relationship. Four data sets illustrative of the methodological difficulties are described. Results suggest that the hypothesized association between teenage pregnancy and child abuse may be confounded by the association of each variable with social class.
Coupling effects for electron-impact excitation in the potassium isoelectronic sequence.

Electron-impact excitation cross sections for outer-subshell transitions in Ca/sup +/, Sc/sup 2+/, Ti/sup 3+/, Cr/sup 5+/, and Fe/sup 7+/ are calculated in the close-coupling and distorted-wave approximations. Coupling effects, beyond the first-order perturbation included in the distorted-wave approximation, are found to decrease rapidly as one moves to higher Z along the potassium isoelectronic sequence. Only for Fe/sup 7+/, however, are the close-coupling and distorted-wave results in agreement to 10% or better for all the excitations studied.
Plato's dialectical soul : Heidegger on Plato's ambiguous relationship to rhetoric

Etude de la reception chez Heidegger de la conception de la rhetorique et de la dialectique developpee par Platon de maniere negative dans le «Sophiste» et de maniere positive dans le «Phedre». Mesurant l'importance pour la phenomenologie heiddegerienne de la confrontation au statut ontologique de la dialectique chez Platon et Aristote, l'A. montre que la digression de Heidegger vers le «Phedre» marque une etape necessaire dans la resolution de la question de l'intentionnalite, d'une part, et montre que le mouvement de l'apparence a la verite est possible, d'autre part
Selection of Fecal Enterococci Exhibiting tcrB-Mediated Copper Resistance in Pigs Fed Diets Supplemented with Copper

Copper, as copper sulfate, is increasingly used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion in weaned piglets. Acquired copper resistance, conferred by a plasmid-borne, transferable copper resistance (tcrB) gene, has been reported in Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis. A longitudinal field study was undertaken to determine the relationship between copper supplementation and the prevalence of tcrB-positive enterococci in piglets. The study was done with weaned piglets, housed in 10 pens with 6 piglets per pen, fed diets supplemented with a normal (16.5 ppm; control) or an elevated (125 ppm) level of copper. Fecal samples were randomly collected from three piglets per pen on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 and plated on M-Enterococcus agar, and three enterococcal isolates were obtained from each sample. The overall prevalence of tcrB-positive enterococci was 21.1% (38/180) in piglets fed elevated copper and 2.8% (5/180) in the control. Among the 43 tcrB-positive isolates, 35 were E. faecium and 8 were E. faecalis. The mean MICs of copper for tcrB-negative and tcrB-positive enterococci were 6.2 and 22.2 mM, respectively. The restriction digestion of the genomic DNA of E. faecium or E. faecalis with S1 nuclease yielded a band of ∼194-kbp size to which both tcrB and the erm(B) gene probes hybridized. A conjugation assay demonstrated cotransfer of tcrB and erm(B) genes between E. faecium and E. faecalis strains. The higher prevalence of tcrB-positive enterococci in piglets fed elevated copper compared to that in piglets fed normal copper suggests that supplementation of copper in swine diets selected for resistance.
A legacy reassessed: Helmut Kohl and the German party finance affair

Revelations about former chancellor Helmut Kohl's party finance practices spawned the biggest scandal in post‐war German political history. Though some details of this affair's scope remained unclear or in dispute, the author argues that large, unreported private contributions served Kohl's strategy for managing his Christian Democratic Union: such resources helped fund the modern party organisation that he had built and sustained his own quasi‐feudal network of personal relationships at all levels. His intense partisanship made it easier for him to justify circumventing party finance laws. Yet evidence for the contention that Kohl took such funds in exchange for granting policy favours remains more ambiguous.
Effect of Low Temperature on Structure and Firmness of Apple Tissue

SUMMARY Apple tissue was frozen at different temperatures and in different solutions, thawed, examined microscopically and tested for resistance to compression (firmness). In slow freezing, ice crystals separated the cells, crushed them, and ruptured ceil walls to produce radial splits in the tissue. The mechanical freezing damage occurs during freezing rather than during thawing. The firmness of frozen tissue was much lower than that of raw tissue. The effect of most added solutes was to minimize ice-caused damage and to increase firmness with increasing concentration. The lower the temperature of freezing, the firmer was the tissue and the less was the amount of tissue disruption. The maximum firmness of frozen tissue was about half that of raw tissue, with the major decrease in strength due to loss of turgor. Firmness was increased to about twice that of raw tissue by immersion of the raw tissue in salt solutions at -2°C or at lower temperatures if the solutions remained unfrozen.
On the Interpretation of Ocean Current Spectra. Part 1: The Kinematics of Three-Dimensional Vector Time Series

Abstract A general method for representing and interpreting the spectra of three-dimensional vector time series is outlined. Part I contains the formalism for the kinematic interpretation of a single vector time series. Based on the spectrum density matrix, the formalism unifies and extends to three dimensions several descriptions of a vector process. These are the Cartesian, rotary, rotational invariant and hodograph spectrum representations. Empirical modes, which are properties of the measured time series (not of any geometrical or dynamical assumptions) are introduced. These allow independent orthogonal motions at the same frequency to be separated. Finally the notion of a prespecified spectrum, which automatically picks out that part of the measurement which is consistent with all imposed dynamical assumptions. is advanced.
Interaction of lysolecithin micelles and lecithin vesicles with apolipoprotein Gln I from serum high density lipoproteins.

Abstract Lysolecithin and apoLP-Gln I, mixed without sonication and analysed ultracentrifugally, formed a complex of density 1.063–1.21 g/ml. Formation of this lysolecithin-apolipoprotein complex was accompanied by changes in apolipoprotein conformation and fluorescence. ApoLP-Gln I, when incubated with lecithin vesicles, primarily formed complexes of density
Altered retention of derivatives of tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid in acid-hydrolyzed samples of brain measured by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

Classical chromatographic science holds that chemical substances, even those of similar structure, can be separated according to each compound’s independent interaction with chromatographic media. In gas chromatography (GC), the hallmark of chromatographic separation of a substance is its characteristic retention, often expressed as a retention time, highly reproducible under defined conditions of column composition, size, gas flow, temperature, etc. With capillary GC columns, the range and variability of characteristic retention times are extremely narrow. Significant deviations from established retention times are uncommon when measured under identical chromatographic conditions’,2. Yet it has been observed, for instance, that if a trace constituent elutes after a much larger component3, the latter acts as a transient stationary phase, increasing retention of the former. Absent such phenomena, in capillary GC analysis it is rare1,2*4 to observe selective deviations from well characterized retentions of substances due to component(s) of the injectate under otherwise identical conditions. Under identical GC conditions we observed that the retention times of both derivatized tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid (t-MIAA) and its deuterated form ([2H3]t-MIAA) were consistently and reversibly increased. This occurred in samples prepared from homogenates of rat brains that were hydrolyzed but not in those prepared from aliquots of the same homogenates kept at room temperature or frozen. We present results of a typical experiment, extended briefly to study this effect.
The resolution of CpMo(NO)(methylallyl)(X) complexes. X-ray crystal structures of (−)-CpMo(NO)(syn-crotyl)(1S)-10- camphorsulfonate) and (μ-OH)2[CpMo(NO)I]2

Abstract The resolution of the chiral metal center in CpMo(NO)(syn-crotyl)((1S)-10-camphorsulfonate) has been effected by fractional crystallization. An X-ray crystal structure determination of the (−)-diastereomer reveals an (S) configuration at the metal. It crystallizes from chloroform as a solvate having a formula of MoCl3SO5NC20H28 and in an orthorhombic cell with a space group of P212121 with dimensions a=7.039(1), b=9.2797(6), c=38.254(5) A , V=2498.8(6) A 3 and Z=4 . A partial kinetic resolution of racemic CpMo(NO)(ν3-2-MeC3H4)I has been carried out by reaction with (R)-(−)-myrtenal in CD2Cl2 and a trace of water, which leaves the (R)-(+)-CpMo(NO)(ν3-2-MeC3H4)I isomer in 45% enantiomeric excess after 77% conversion of the starting material. In addition to the organic product, an insoluble crystalline material identified by X-ray crystallography as (μ-OH)2[CpMo(NO)I]2 was formed. It crystallizes in a monoclinic cell with a space group of P21/n with dimensions a=10.457(1), b=15.976(1), c=11.076(1) A , β=115.989(3)°, V=1663.3(3) A 3 and Z=4 .
The Teaching Spirit of William James

William James provided not only practical advice to teachers but also wisdom concerning values in living. Statements from his students show his qualities as a teacher, although some of his statements convey his ambivalence about teaching.
Monomeric and Polymeric Phenothiazine Photosensitizers for Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization

The syntheses of several phenothiazine compounds bearing cationically polymerizable vinyl, vinyl ether and epoxide groups are described. These monomers were rapidly and efficiently polymerized or copolymerized by UV irradiation in the presence of onium salt photoinitiators. In addition, the monomers simultaneously function as efficient photosensitizers for the photolysis of the onium salts. In this article, the use of these polymerizable photosensitizers for the photopolymerizations of epoxide and vinyl ether monomers is reported. The inclusion of a small amount of the monomeric photosensitizer is effective in markedly accelerating the cationic photopolymerization of the bulk monomer. Polymers prepared by the polymerization of the monomeric phenothiazine photosensitizers also exhibit excellent photosensitization activity when used in combination with diaryliodonium, triarylsulfonium, and dialkylphenacylsulfonium salt photoinitiators.
Case report 837

A case of juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma in a 31-year-old man was reported. Proof of the diagnosis was obtained by an open biopsy. The histopathology of chondromyxoid fibroma was discussed at length. The radiographic appearances and the differential diagnosis were also described.
Interaction between behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategies to decrease cocaine choice in rhesus monkeys.

Behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic approaches constitute two prominent strategies for treating cocaine dependence. This study investigated interactions between behavioral and pharmacological strategies in a preclinical model of cocaine vs food choice. Six rhesus monkeys, implanted with a chronic indwelling double-lumen venous catheter, initially responded under a concurrent schedule of food delivery (1-g pellets, fixed-ratio (FR) 100 schedule) and cocaine injections (0–0.1 mg/kg/injection, FR 10 schedule) during continuous 7-day treatment periods with saline or the agonist medication phenmetrazine (0.032–0.1 mg/kg/h). Subsequently, the FR response requirement for cocaine or food was varied (food, FR 100; cocaine, FR 1–100; cocaine, FR 10; food, FR 10–300), and effects of phenmetrazine on cocaine vs food choice were redetermined. Decreases in the cocaine FR or increases in the food FR resulted in leftward shifts in the cocaine choice dose-effect curve, whereas increases in the cocaine FR or decreases in the food FR resulted in rightward shifts in the cocaine choice dose-effect curve. The efficacy of phenmetrazine to decrease cocaine choice varied systematically as a function of the prevailing response requirements, such that phenmetrazine efficacy was greatest when cocaine choice was maintained by relatively low unit cocaine doses. These results suggest that efficacy of pharmacotherapies to modulate cocaine use can be influenced by behavioral contingencies of cocaine availability. Agonist medications may be most effective under contingencies that engender choice of relatively low cocaine doses.
Atrioventricular block with lidocaine therapy

Abstract A case is presented of complete atrioventricular (A-V) block occurring after a 50 mg bolus injection of lidocaine. Base-line studies before administration of lidocaine showed evidence of trifascicular block manifested by complete right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock and a markedly prolonged H-V interval. Advanced A-V block and then complete A-V block distal to the His bundle developed after administration of lidocaine. Lidocaine should be used with caution in patients with trifascicular disease; if it is administered to such patients, insertion of a temporary pacemaker catheter should be considered.
A friend is a present you give to your “Self”: Avoidance of intimacy moderates the effects of friends on self-liking

Abstract The current research proposes that thinking about friends improves feelings about the self and does so differentially depending on avoidance of intimacy. Based on previous findings that individuals who avoid intimacy in relationships (avoidant individuals) contrast their self-concepts with primed friends whereas those who pursue intimacy in relationships (non-avoidant individuals) assimilate their self-concepts to primed friends [Gabriel, S., Carvallo, M., Dean, K., Tippin, B. D., & Renaud, J. (2005). How I see “Me” depends on how I see “We”: The role of avoidance of intimacy in social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 , 156–157], we predicted that friends who embody negative aspects of self would lead avoidant individuals to like themselves more, whereas friends who embody positive aspects of self would lead non-avoidant individuals to like themselves more. A pretest determined that good friends were seen as more similar to positive and ideal aspects of the self, whereas friends about whom participants had more mixed feelings (ambivalent friends) were seen as more similar to disliked and feared aspects of the self. Four experiments supported the main hypotheses. In Experiment 1, non-avoidant individuals like themselves more when good friends were primed. In Experiment 2, avoidant individuals like themselves more when ambivalent friends were primed. In Experiment 3, non-avoidant individuals liked themselves better after thinking about a friend’s positive traits, whereas avoidant individuals liked themselves better after thinking about a friend’s negative traits. In Experiment 4, all individuals under self-esteem threat strategically brought friends to mind who would help them like themselves more.
Bit-Level Taint Analysis

Taint analysis has a wide variety of applications in software analysis, making the precision of taint analysis an important consideration. Current taint analysis algorithms, including previous work on bit-precise taint analyses, suffer from shortcomings that can lead to significant loss of precision (under/over tainting) in some situations. This paper discusses these limitations of existing taint analysis algorithms, shows how they can lead to imprecise taint propagation, and proposes a generalization of current bit-level taint analysis techniques to address these problems and improve their precision. Experiments using a deobfuscation tool indicate that our enhanced taint analysis algorithm leads to significant improvements in the quality of deobfuscation.
Clinical results of argon laser tissue fusion

Tissue fusion by laser energy is an intriguing arxi very promising new application for laser technology. In coniparison to using high laser energy to ablate tissue as in the aricplasty application, laser tissue fusion is possible in any soft tissue by deliverir appropriate lc levels of energy to the cppose tissue surfaces. This technology is particularly appealing for vascular applications in inakir sutureless blood vessel anastornosis and for securir the endpOints of erxarterect:amies ani dissection planes. Although there have been limitel evaluations of this technology the preliminary experimental ar1 clinical data is very promisir for continu development arid application.
Modulation of Sertoli cell secretory function by rat round spermatid protein(s).

Abstract The influence of rat round spermatid protein(s) (RSP) on protein synthesis and secretory function of Sertoli cells was used in the bicameral chamber system. Round spermatids (RS) were purified from 90-day-old rats by centrifugal elutriation. RS were incubated in a supplement-enriched culture medium that lacked exogenous proteins. The RS-conditioned media were dialysed and lyophilized to obtain RSP. Most de novo protein synthesized under basal conditions by Sertoli cells (18-day-old) was secreted into the apical chamber (apical/basal ratio: 3.42). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, 100 ng/ml) stimulated total protein secretion from Sertoli cells by a factor of 1.54. The RSP (100 μg/ml) stimulated total protein secretion from Sertoli cells by a factor of 2.33. The enhancement of total Sertoli cell protein secretion by FSH and RSP additively increased by a factor of 2.82. The combined effect of FSH and RSP on total protein secretion from Sertoli cells was dose dependent and saturated at approximately 200 μg/ml of RSP. Polarity of total protein secretion from Sertoli cells (apical/basal ratio: 3.42) was stimulated by RSP predominantly in the apical direction (apical/basal ratio: 8.48). The modulation of radiolabeled Sertoli cell secretory proteins (ceruloplasmin, CP; sulfated glycoprotein-2, SGP-2; testins and transferrin, Tf) by cold (non-labeled) RSP was investigated by immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The secretion of CP, SGP-2 and Tf was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of RSP up to a saturating concentration of between 200 and 300 μg/ml, whereas the secretion of Sertoli cell testins did not reach saturation at 300 μg/ml RSP. These results indicate that FSH and RSP independently modulate Sertoli cell protein secretion, and that Sertoli cell secretory proteins may differentially respond to RSP stimulation.
THE PROBLEM WITH PREDICTION: CONTINGENCY, EMERGENCE, AND THE REIFICATION OF PROJECTIONS

Here we assess the limitations of "social physics" methods for making predictions of future social conditions in order to contribute to the development of an alternative model of scientific sociology. First, we discuss the complexities inherent in causal analyses of social phenomena, where social organizing principles change historically and causal forces interact to generate outcomes. Second, we analyze the assumptions that underlie prediction in the social sciences by using the population projections of demographers as an illustrative example. Demographers typically make projections assuming the future will be the same as the (recent) past. This approach neglects the possibility of abrupt historical change, contingent events, and emergent social structures. Third, we argue that historical contingency is an essential and necessary consideration in any analysis of the world. A historical materialist approach provides the basis for better formulating nomothetic and idiographic modes of explanation and appreciates the important connections between the two. Sociological inquiry should be an attempt to distinguish between truly nomothetic processes and emergent historical background conditions that only appear nomothetic in a specific historical era. We close with an argument for the importance of developing a sociological science that runs parallel to nonmechanistic approaches in the biological sciences.
Revenge of tiny Miranda

DERMOTT and Gold have proposed a resonance model for the rings of Uranus. They assume the rings are, in fact, arcs composed of small particles librating about stable resonances determined by pairs of satellites, either Ariel and Titania or Ariel and Oberon. Dermott and Gold dismiss as insignificant resonances involving tiny Miranda. We report here that, by a wide margin, the strongest resonances are all associated with Miranda. Furthermore, we show that the hypothesis that the rings are made up of librating particles, while original and ingenious, is incorrect.
Superoxide dismutase activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis patients and the immunoreactivity of superoxide dismutase from M. tuberculosis H37Rv

Abstract Objective : To determine the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity from clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to study the seroreactivity of SOD from M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Design : Crude cell extracts of 16 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis (TB) patients were assayed for SOD activity. SOD from H37Rv was partially purified and characterized, and the seroreactivity was studied by ELISA using sera from 36 active pulmonary TB and 31 leprosy patients. Results : SOD activity was detected in all the 16 strains of M. tuberculosis and also in the medium of logarithmic and stationary cultures of H37Rv. SOD activity from H37Rv extract was not affected by 1 mM KCN or by 5 mM H 2 O 2 and was only 20% inhibited by 10 mM NaN 3 , suggesting that it is a Mn-containing enzyme. SOD was partially purified from H37Rv extract by gel filtration chromatography as a tetramer of molecular weight (MW) of 80 000 and a subunit MW of ~ 23 000. A delayed type hypersensitivity was elicited by SOD in guinea pigs sensitized with H37Rv or M. leprae sonicate. ELISA using SOD as antigen indicated 100% positivity with TB sera, while 84% positivity was observed with leprosy sera. Western blotting with pooled TB and leprosy sera indicated the presence of antibodies to the 23 kD SOD protein. Conclusion : Our data indicate that M. tuberculosis strains are rich in SOD, and the secretion of SOD may play a valuable role in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis .
A simple multigeneration phenology model: Application to Scirtothrips citri (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) prediction on California oranges

Abstract A simple multigeneration phenology model is developed which can be evaluated using a hand-held calculator or normal distribution tables. Application of the model to citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton), illustrates model utility in economically deriving management and research information from preliminary laboratory and field data.
Reading Nietzsche and Foucault: A Hermeneutics of Suspicion?

To what extent and in what respects does the political thought of Michel Foucault reflect the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas? In the September 1990 issue of this Review, Leslie Paul Thiele firmly asserted Nietzschean roots for Foucault's thought. In this Controversy, Thiele's claims are disputed by J. Scott Johnson. Johnson argues that Foucault's theory is rooted as much in Marx as in Nietzsche and that Foucault himself refuted Thiele's interpretation. In his response, Thiele takes issue with Johnson's critique.
Observed and modeled trend of sulfate and nitrate in precipitation in eastern North America

Abstract The trend of annual average sulfate and nitrate ion concentrations in precipitation at 17 stations in eastern North America over 7 years 1979–1985 is estimated and compared with a modeled trend. The observed concentrations fluctuate from year-to-year about a mean value with a standard deviation of 12.7% on average. The average slope of a linear regression line at the 17 stations is −2.8% a−1 for sulfate and −0.4% a−1 for nitrate. The modeled trend at these stations, which assumes constant meteorology but a year-to-year varying emission inventory, is −2.4% a−1 for sulfate and −0.9% a−1 for nitrate.
Is Awareness of Bodily Change in Emotion Related to Awareness of Other Bodily Processes

To what extent is reported attentiveness to bodily responses in emotion predicted by a general disposition to be attentive to one's normal, nonemotive bodily processes? University undergraduates (373 women and 167 men) completed the modified Autonomic Perception Questionnaire (APQ-R; Mandler, Mandler, & Uviller, 1958; Shields, 1984) for one of two target emotions, anger and transient anxiety, and the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ; Shields, Mallory, & Simon, 1989), a measure of attentiveness to nonemotive bodily processes. In addition, the Body subscale, part of a Love Symptom Checklist concerning symptoms of romantic love was completed by 246 of these subjects. We predicted that the two measures of attentiveness to bodily response in emotion would be more strongly related to each other than to the BAQ. Significant low positive correlations between APQ-R and BAQ scores were obtained for each sex for both anger and anxiety. Correlations between the Body subscale and the APQ-R were high, positive, and significant, but correlations with the BAQ were near zero. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that of the three variables entered (subject sex, Body subscale scores, and BAQ scores), the greatest change in explained APQ-R variance was accounted for by the Body subscale scores. This pattern of results was replicated in a second study of 56 women and 42 men. Results are discussed with reference to detected arousal in emotion and beliefs about emotion symptoms.
A visibility of detection experimentation in automobile headlighting

This paper is concerned with the description and analysis of a series of automobile headlighting experiments, the primary objective of which, was the detection of dark obstacle targets simulating hazardous objects encountered during night driving. The influences of atmospheric luminance, dynamic vehicle pitch, target shadow enhancement, as well as observer characteristics relating to fixation duration and glare sensitivity are included in the analysis of field detection trials. Several different measures of target visibility have been employed. It is shown that a centroidal value of target luminance difference can be used as an index of the detection of hazard-like objects.
The percentage deposit bail system: An alternative to the professional bondsman

Abstract Bail bondsmen in the United States help defendants gain pretrial release. The preminums paid to bondsmen are not returned to the defendants. A percentage deposit bail project in two Massachusetts courts allowed defendants to gain their release by depositing 5% of the amount of bail with the court. These deposits were returned in full to the defendants upon completion of their cases, saving them large sums of money. Moreover, the rate at which defendants failed to appear in court as scheduled was no higher under this percentage deposit system than under the traditional bail bondsman system.