cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Control of a Flexible-Link Robotic Manipulator with Unknown Payload Dynamics

For many applications, flexible-link robot arms may handle payloads that are not simple rigid bodies. In space applications, the RMS (remote manipulator system) will be manipulating satellites that may contain fuel or have flexible appendages. High-performance control schemes for flexible-link manipulators require end-point feedback. If the payload dynamics are not accounted for in the control design, degraded performance or instability are possible [1]. This paper presents technology that extends the concept of end-point control to handle payloads with unknown internal dynamics. High-performance control is merged with an innovative identification algorithm in a self-tuning regulator approach. The identification of the payload is done using recently developed subspace-fitting techniques. These techniques allow real-time determination of the order of the payload dynamics. Sufficient excitation problems are addressed by performing the identification closed loop. Experimental results are presented.
Supersonic Mixing and Combustion

With the broad range of flying conditions in the hypersonic regime, the processes in the supersonic combustion chamber are subject to large thermodynamic condition variations. At the low range of the hypersonic flight regime, the heat deposition in the combustion chamber is relatively large compared with the incoming flow energy; hence, the heat deposition reduces substantially the air speed and a large pressure rise is experienced with possible flow separations. At the higher range of the hypersonic regime, close to Mach 25, which is considered the upper envelope of airbreathing propulsion, the heat addition may amount to only 10 % of the incoming airflow enthalpy. The heat release effects are less pronounced. The airspeed in the combustion chamber itself may be hypersonic and the heat deposition is distributed over a longer distance following mixing and chemical reactions. The pressure rise associated with combustion is less pronounced and is mostly due to the internal geometry of the combustion chamber. Throughout the flight domain there is a closed coupled interaction between fuel-air mixing and heat release. In the following chapter, with the recognition that the two elements cannot realistically be uncoupled, a description of the salient features of mixing and combustion is presented. Keywords: penetration; mixing; supersonic combustion; chemical kinetics; hydrogen; hydrocarbons
Using neural networks for fiber content analysis

For a number of years fiber content analysis has presented a challenging problem because of the complexity of the contents of textile material. This work is much needed for automated systems which ideally should be able to identify nondestructively the fiber content by using the acquired images. This paper presents the use of neural networks for fiber content analysis. More specifically the discrimination between the cashmere fiber and the wool fiber is considered. Neural networks are particularly suitable for fusing different features to maximize the classification performance which is presented in the paper.
SiC Planar MOSFET Structures

In the previous chapters, it was demonstrated that the maximum operating frequency of high voltage bipolar silicon power devices is limited by the power dissipation due to their slow switching transients. The rate of rise of the voltage and rate of fall of the current during the turn-off process in these devices is slowed down by the presence of the large amount of stored charge in the drift region. Consequently, high voltage silicon carbide unipolar power MOSFET devices are a very attractive alternative to silicon bipolar power devices [1, 2]. Silicon carbide power device structures have been discussed in detail in a previous book [3]. In that book, it was shown that the conventional planar power D-MOSFET structure, developed and widely utilized for silicon, is not suitable for the development of silicon carbide devices. Two problems are encountered when utilizing the conventional power D-MOSFET structure for silicon carbide. The first problem is the much larger threshold voltage required to create an inversion layer in silicon carbide due to its much greater band gap. The doping concentration required in the P-base region to achieve a typical threshold voltage of 2 V is so low that the device cannot sustain a high blocking voltage due to reach-through of the depletion layer in the base region. The second problem is the very high electric field generated in the gate oxide because the electric field in the silicon carbide drift region under the gate is an order to magnitude larger than for silicon devices. This leads to rupture of the gate oxide at large blocking voltages.
The Certainty of Faith: A Problem for Christian Fallibilists?

According to epistemic fallibilism, we cannot be certain of anything. According to the Christian tradition, faith comes with certainty. I develop this dilemma from recent accounts of fallibilism and various representatives of the Christian tradition. I then argue that on John Henry Newman's account of faith the dilemma is merely apparent. Finally, I develop Newman's account of the certainty that accompanies faith and is compatible with fallibilism.
Cyclic AMP stimulates efflux of intracellular sterol from cholesterol-loaded cells

The interaction of high density lipoprotein with its putative receptor stimulates translocation and efflux of intracellular sterols by a process involving activation of protein kinase C. This study shows that activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase also stimulates efflux of intracellular sterols. When intracellular sterol pools of cholesterol-loaded cultured human skin fibroblasts and bovine aortic endothelial cells were radiolabeled with the biosynthetic precursor [3H]mevalonolactone, high density lipoprotein3 (HDL3)-mediated 3H-sterol efflux was enhanced by addition of the adenylylcyclase activator forskolin, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and the cAMP analogues N6-benzoyl-cAMP (N6-cAMP) and 8-thiomethyl-cAMP. The effect of N6-cAMP was abolished by an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (H8). The enhanced sterol efflux was independent of receptor binding of HDL3, as similar effects were observed in the presence of tetranitromethane-modified HDL3, which lacks receptor binding activity. N6-cAMP stimulated efflux of several subspecies of newly synthesized sterols, including cholesterol. Elevation of cAMP levels increased the proportion of radiosterols that were accessible to treatment of cells with the enzyme cholesterol oxidase, suggesting that activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase stimulates translocation of sterols from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane where they desorb from the cell surface. Thus, at least two distinct protein kinase signalling pathways modulate transport of intracellular sterols in cholesterol-loaded cells.
The organization and connections of somatosensory cortex in marmosets

Microelectrode mapping methods were used to define and describe 3 representations of the body surface in somatosensory cortex of marmosets: S-I proper or area 3b of anterior parietal cortex, S-II, and the parietal ventral area (PV) of the upper bank of the lateral sulcus. In the same animals, injections of anatomical tracers were placed into electrophysiologically determined sites in area 3b or S-II. Mapping results and patterns of connections were later related to architectonic fields that were delimited in sections cut parallel to the surface of manually flattened cortex and stained for myelin. There were several major results. (1) Recordings from area 3b revealed a characteristic somatotopic organization of foot to face in a mediolateral sequence as previously reported in other members of the marmoset family (Carlson et al., 1986). (2) Multiple injections of WGA-HRP in area 3b demonstrated dense, patchy interconnections with ipsilateral S-II, PV, area 3a, and area 1, less dense interconnections with primary motor cortex (M-I), the supplementary motor area (SMA), limbic cortex of the medial wall (L), and rostrolateral parietal cortex of the lateral sulcus (PR), and callosal connections with areas 3b, S-II, and PV. Injections of 3 different tracers into the representation of 3 body regions in area 3b indicated that the connections with areas 3a, 3b, 1, S-II, and PV are topographically organized. (3) Recordings from cortex on the upper bank of the lateral sulcus demonstrated a somatotopic representation of the body surface that matches that of S-II of other mammals. S-II immediately adjoined areas 3b along the dorsal lip of the lateral sulcus. The face representation in S-II was adjacent to the face representation in 3b while the trunk, hindlimb, and forelimb were represented in a caudorostral sequence deeper in the sulcus. (4) Injections in S-II revealed ipsilateral connections with areas 3a, 3b, 1, a presumptive area 2, PV, PR, M-I, SMA, limbic cortex, the frontal eye fields, and the frontal ventral visual area. Dense callosal connections were with S-II and PV. (5) The recordings also revealed a systematic representation just rostral to S-II that has not been previously described in primates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nonlinear polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence

Summary form only given. Random fluctuations in birefringence along an optical fiber result in polarisation-mode dispersion, which degrades the transmission rate in both NRZ and soliton systems. Recently, we proposed two physical models to study the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) when the axes of birefringence rotate randomly. In the first model we allow the birefringence orientation to vary randomly but the strength fixed; in the second model we assume that the birefringence orientation and strength have a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. We show that the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation which describes wave evolution over long lengths along a communication fibre can be reduced to a Manakov equation.
Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Women

The ovulatory menstrual cycle is characterized by a regulated variation in reproductive hormones across a 25-to 35-day period (Fig. 1). Coordinated through the central nervous system, pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, regulates the release of the hypothalamic hormones, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone that in turn regulate the secretion of estrogen. Day 1 is identified as the first day of bleeding (menses) and ovulation occurs around day 14, dividing the cycle into two phases: a preovulatory follicular phase and a postovulatory luteal phase. In the luteal phase, progesterone dominates, being released from the corpus luteum, together with estradiol. Approximately 14 days after ovulation, if there is no implantation of a fertilized ovum, hormone levels rapidly drop and menses begin. During the late luteal phase (when hormone levels are declining) and the first day of menstruation, women experience the most negative symptoms.
Beginning Testimony with an Overview Witness

This article examines United States v. Moore, 651 F.3d 30 (D.C. Cir. 2011) to illustrate how a court dealt with the prosecutor's use of a summary, or introductory, witness to set forth an overview or outline of a case.
Engaging Impossibilities and Possibilities

In this chapter, I wish to honor Amartya Sen by illustrating how his advice to engage impossibility results, rather than dismissing or accepting them without any question, has been an important inspiration related to another widely acclaimed impossibility result - that of Garrett Hardin in his influential article in Science on "The Tragedy of the Commons." While Hardin was an ecologist rather than an economist, his assumptions regarding individual preferences and behavior are closely aligned with those of many economists-focused on immediate material returns to self. His logic was broadly similar to that of the distinguished economist, H. Scott Gordon, who had earlier argued that: "The fish in the sea are valueless to the fisherman, because there is no assurance that they will be there for him tomorrow if they are left behind today."
Stimulated emission and photon correlations

It is pointed out that photoelectric counting correlations in an electromagnetic field that are associated with induced and spontaneous emission at the source, and the so-called Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, are indistinguishable effects. It is shown by examples that interference effects involving the stimulated emission may be regarded as a source of the counting correlations. The results reported in a recent experiment of Scarl and Smith are therefore readily understandable.
Neutron-rich rare isotope production below the Fermi energy and its application to the Texas A&M RIB upgrade

Recent efforts to produce and separate neutron-rich rare isotopes in peripheral collisions below the Fermi energy are presented. The experiments have been performed at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University employing beams from the K500 Superconducting Cyclotron. Two magnetic separators were used: the MARS recoil separator and the Superconducting Solenoid Line (BigSol Line). An enhanced production of neutron-rich nuclides in comparison with high-energy fragmentation mechanisms has been observed and attributed to the role of the N/Z and the nuclear periphery of the target. From a practical viewpoint, these reactions below or around the Fermi energy offer a novel way to access very neutron-rich rare isotopes. The experience obtained in the production of rare isotope beams (RIB) below the Fermi energy will be exploited in the ongoing RIB upgrade of the Cyclotron Institute that will involve production, stopping and reacceleration of rare isotopes.
Commonly consumed and specialty dietary mushrooms reduce cellular proliferation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

Worldwide, over one million women will be newly diagnosed with breast cancer in the next year. Moreover, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that consumption of dietary mushrooms can protect against breast cancer. In this study, we tested and compared the ability of five commonly consumed or specialty mushrooms to modulate cell number balance in the cancer process using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Hot water extracts (80°C for 2 h) of maitake (MT, Grifola frondosa), crimini (CRIM, Agaricus bisporus), portabella (PORT, Agaricus bisporus), oyster (OYS, Pleurotus ostreatus) and white button (WB, Agaricus bisporus) mushrooms or water alone (5% v/v) were incubated for 24 h with MCF-7 cells. Cellular proliferation determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was significantly (P 0.05) by 15% with OYS extract. Lactate dehydrogenase release, as a marker of necrosis, was significantly increased after incubation with MT but not with other test mushrooms. Furthermore, MT extract significantly increased apoptosis, or programmed cell death, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl end labeling method, whereas other test mushrooms displayed trends of ∼15%. The total numbers of cells per flask, determined by hemacytometry, were not different from control cultures. Overall, all test mushrooms significantly suppressed cellular proliferation, with MT further significantly inducing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells. This suggests that both common and specialty mushrooms may be chemoprotective against breast cancer.
Paper‐like filled polyethylene films

Filled high-density-polyethylene (HDPE) films for packaging applications have been developed. These films are of low permeability, are water and grease resistant, and can be heat-sealed like HDPE films but have stiffness, deadfold, cuttability, and appearance similar to those of paper. The films are produced in thicknesses of 10 to 100 + μm by the standard film blowing technique. The effect of the filler type, resin parameters, and film blowing process variables on the resultant filled film properties is discussed. The commercialization of filled films and the market acceptance of the products is also briefly elaborated upon.
Ventilatory responses during varied stride and pedal frequencies.

Abstract The effects of limb movement frequency during walking and running and cycling at 60 and 90 rpm on the ventilatory responses were studied in 19 male subjects. Ten of the subjects were trained runners whereas nine of the subjects were trained cyclists. The runners completed walk and run exercise trials at equal levels of CO2 excretion (VCO2) and low (≈60) rpm and high (≈90) rpm cycling trials at equal VCO2 levels. The cyclists completed low and high rpm cycling trials at equal VCO2 levels. The cyclists were not tested on the walk/run trials as they had been tested previously and had been shown to have similar ventilatory responses when walking and running at equal VCO2 levels. Minute ventilation (V e ), tidal volume (V t ), breathing frequency (f), end-tidal CO2 ( Pet CO2)_tensions, and inspiratory (T i ) and expiratory (T e ) times were not found to differ significantly between the low and high pedal frequency trials for either the cyclists or the runners. No significant differences were found in estimated arterial CO2 tensions (PaCO2) or estimated alveolar ventilation (V a ) between the cycling trials for either the runners or the cyclists. When comparing running to walking, the runners were found to have a greater V e and estimated V a . This was mediated by an increase in f as V t was found to decrease. The increased f was associated with a shortened T i as T e was not significantly different between the walk and run trials. End-tidal CO2 tension and estimated PaCO2 was significantly lower during the run trial as compared to the walk trial. These results suggest some form of neurogenic stimuli influencing ventilation in the runners while running. This same neurogenic influence is not present when cyclists run and when either cyclists or runners exercise on the bicycle. A possible source for the neurogenic stimuli is discussed.
Kinetics of the hydride reduction of an NAD(+) analogue by isopropyl alcohol in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions: solvent effects, deuterium isotope effects, and mechanism.

The rate constants of the hydride-transfer reactions from isopropyl alcohol (i-PrOH) to an NAD+ model, 9-phenylxanthylium ion (PhXn+), in acetonitrile (AN) and in water containing AN (80% H2O/20% AN) were determined over a temperature range from 36 to 67 °C. The reactions follow second-order rate laws. In the latter solution, formation of the water adduct of PhXn+ was observed as a side-equilibrium (K). The observed inverse solvent kinetic isotope effect (kH2Oobs/kD2Oobs = 0.54), the larger than unity equilibrium isotope effect (K(H2O)/K(D2O) = 2.69), and the results of acid effect on the observed rate constants of the reactions are consistent with the “side-equilibrium mechanism”. Kinetic isotope effects at all three H/D positions of i-PrOH for the net hydride-transfer process were determined in both solutions at 60 °C: KIEα-DH = 3.2(AN), 3.2(H2O); KIEβ-D6H = 1.05(AN), 1.16(H2O); KIEODH = 1.08(AN), 1.04(H2O). These KIE values are consistent with the presence of the positively charged alcohol moiety in th...
Adsorption of Benzoic Acid on Pure and Cupric Ion-modified Hydroxyapatite: Implications for Design of a Coupling Agent to Dental Polymer Composites

The adsorption isotherms of benzoic acid on synthetic hydroxyapatite (containing about 1.5 monolayers of physisorbed water) were studied from ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, p-dioxane, methylene chloride, and benzene to discern the role of solvent in the process. The adsorption is reversible from the first three solvents and follows the Langmuir plots. It is irreversible from the last two, and a constant amount of absorbent is removed from solutions above a certain concentration. The isotherms of potassium benzoate on the apatite from ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide were reversible.The isotherms of the acid on cupric ion-modified apatite surfaces from ethanol and benzene were identical with those obtained on the pure hydroxyapatite. This may demonstrate that any "surface chelation" with the cation may not be a significant factor for adsorption to occur.The adsorptive behavior seems to depend upon the interplay of hydrogen-bonding among the solute, the solvent, and the hydrated apatite surface. The capability o...
Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy Study of Dislocations in SiGe/Si Heterostructures

Examination of dislocations in the as-grown and annealed SiGe/Si heterostructures by DLTS indicates the three strong DLTS bands from 70 to 270K in the as-grown sample are likely related to intrinsic point defects or dislocation trails. It was found that a small amount of Fe at dislocations dramatically increases their electrical activity, and the trap concentration due to Fe-decorated dislocations can well exceed the total Fe impurities presented along dislocations. Through examining the competitive trapping of Fe at boron and dislocations, it is suggested that Fe trapping only happens at disordered sites along dislocations, such as kinks.
An Overview of Millimeter Wave Communications

An overview of millimeter wave communications applications is given, with special advantages and disadvantages pointed out. An important consideration in the implementation of a millimeter wave communications system is the effect of propagation conditions in the channel. The impact of channel propagation conditions as well as their alleviation is pointed out in the paper.
A fully-digital phase-locked low dropout regulator in 32nm CMOS

A fully-digital phase-locked low dropout regulator (LDO) has been designed in 32nm CMOS for fine-grained power delivery to multi-Vcc digital circuits. Measurements across a wide range of input voltages and currents exhibit that the LDO offers excellent load regulation and efficiency close to 97% of ideal efficiency at nominal load current conditions (I LOAD =3mA).
The Inter-Tester Reliability of Physical Therapists Classifying Low Back Pain Problems Based on the Movement System Impairment Classification System

Objective The classification of patients with low back pain (LBP) may be important for improving clinical outcomes and research efficiency. The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-tester reliability of 2 trained physical therapists to classify patients with LBP by using the standardized Movement System Impairment (MSI) classification system. The 5 proposed MSI classifications are based on the most consistent patterns of movement and alignment observed throughout the examination that correlate with the patient's symptom behavior. Design Test-retest to assess reliability Setting Academic healthcare center outpatient facility Participants Thirty subjects (21 women and 9 men) with chronic, recurrent LBP (mean age 31.1 ± 12.9 years) were examined independently by 2 experienced physical therapists. Methods Training consisted of self-study of a procedure manual, a supervised practice of examination procedures and classification rules, and discussion. Subjects were examined independently by each therapist using a test-retest design. Each therapist assigned a LBP classification upon completion of the examination. Both therapists were blinded to the other therapist's findings. Main Outcome Measures Inter-tester reliability of therapists classifying the LBP problems was indexed by the percent agreement and kappa coefficient. Results Overall percent agreement on the classification assigned was 83% with kappa=0.75 (95% confidence interval=0.51-0.99; P Conclusion Inter-tester reliability of classification of patients with LBP when therapists use a standardized clinical examination based on the MSI classification system is substantial.
Scheme86: a system for interpreting scheme

Scheme86 is a computer system designed to interpret programs written in the Scheme dialect of Lisp. A specialized architecture, coupled with new techniques for optimizing register management in the interpreter, allow Scheme86 to execute interpreted Scheme at a speed comparable to that of compiled Lisp on conventional workstations.
Ultrastructural evidence that early synapse formation on central vestibular sensory neurons is independent of peripheral vestibular influences

Migration and early differentiation of neurons of the tangential vestibular nucleus of the chick take place between embryonic days 5 and 8. In the absence of primary vestibular afferents (otocyst-ablation), a previous light microscope study documented that early developmental events still occurred, but the neurons failed to complete differentiation and to survive. In order to understand why these neurons undergo normal early development, we have repeated the vestibular deafferentation paradigm followed by ultrastructural observations on these neuron. We found that the ultrastructural events associated with migration and differentiation in the deafferented tangential nucleus were essentially normal from 5 to 8 days. Most important, longitudinal fibers, presumably of central, nonvestibular origins, formed the first synapses at the same time and sequence as observed in normal embryos. Thus vestibular sensory neurons receive their first input from central fibers, initiating events in the formation of a central vestibular circuitry without the influence of peripheral vestibular fibers or endorga.
Capital structure, business risk, and investor returns for agribusinesses

The effects of firm capital structure and business risk on investors' rates of return in agribusiness from 1984 to 1993 are investigated. Measures of firm solvency and liquidity and a measure of business risk are used to explain risk adjusted excess rates of return for agribusiness investors. Results confirm the hypothesis that the capital structure and business risk of agribusiness firms are important determinants of returns to common stock owners. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Object, Illusion And Frame Of Reference As Design Criteria For Computer-Generated Displays

Large gains in efficient design of picture-drawing systems are possible through joint use of knowledge of perceptual habits and operator task analyses.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene sea surface conditions at Umnak Plateau, Bering Sea, as inferred from diatom, alkenone, and stable isotope records

[1] The Bering Sea gateway between the Pacific and Arctic oceans impacts global climate when glacial-interglacial shifts in shore line position and ice coverage change regional albedo. Previous work has shown that during the last glacial termination and into the Holocene, sea level rises and sea ice coverage diminishes from perennial to absent. Yet, existing work has not quantified sea ice duration or sea surface temperatures (SST) during this transition. Here we combine diatom assemblages with the first alkenone record from the Bering Sea to provide a semiquantitative record of sea ice duration, SST, and productivity change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During the LGM, diatom assemblages indicate that sea ice covered the southeastern Bering Sea perennially. At 15.1 cal ka B.P., the diatom assemblage shifts to one more characteristic of seasonal sea ice and alkenones occur in the sediments in low concentrations. Deglaciation is characterized by laminated intervals with highly productive and diverse diatom assemblages and inferred high coccolithophorid production. At 11.3 cal ka B.P. the diatom assemblage shifts from one dominated by sea ice species to one dominated by a warmer water, North Pacific species. Simultaneously, the SST increases by 3°C and the southeastern Bering Sea becomes ice-free year-round. Productivity and temperature proxies are positively correlated with independently dated records from elsewhere in the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the North Pacific, indicating that productivity and SST changes are coeval across the region.
A calculation of exciton energies in periodic systems with helical symmetry: Application to a hydrogen fluoride chain

Ab initio Hartree–Fock crystal orbital results were used as input for the calculation of exciton energies in the Tamm–Dancoff and random-phase approximation for polymers with helical symmetry. The calculations were applied to a hydrogen fluoride chain. We show that the Tamm–Dancoff method is a good approximation to the random-phase theory. Furthermore, the influence of the band–band interaction in the exciton calculation has been investigated.
Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean‐Climate System

The Cretaceous period (ca. 136–66 Ma) of Earth history offers a significant opportunity to better understand global processes and their variations. Cretaceous marine and terrestrial strata are extremely widespread in outcrop, subcrop, and ocean basins. Much of the Cretaceous period had a globally warm, equable, mostly ice-free climate that is generally viewed as about as far removed from our current glacial icehouse world as that of any other time in the Phanerozoic. This extreme greenhouse world had polar ocean temperatures of 15 C, which, for contrast, is our current global average. As Al Fischer points out in the foreword of the book, The Cretaceous was the last [greenhouse] period for which accurate global reconstructions of ocean-continent distribution can be made. The development of calcareous plankton, near the end of Jurassic time, provides a record of oceanic life far better than that available for earlier periods, and one directly comparable to todays planktonic communities.
Nearly itinerant ferromagnetism in CaNi 2 and CaNi 3

Single crystals of CaNi${}_{2}$ and CaNi${}_{3}$ are successfully grown out of excess Ca. Both compounds manifest a metallic ground state with enhanced, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility. The relatively high Stoner factors of $Z=0.79$ and $0.87$ found for CaNi${}_{2}$ and CaNi${}_{3}$, respectively, reveal their close vicinity to ferromagnetic instabilities. The pronounced field dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of CaNi${}_{3}$ at low temperatures ($Tl25$ K) suggests strong ferromagnetic fluctuations. A corresponding contribution to the specific heat with a temperature dependence of ${T}^{3}$ln$T$ is also observed.
Role of siblings in adult daughters' anticipation of caregiving

Despite extensive research regarding adult daughters' experiences as caregivers to aging parents, little attention has been paid to how adult daughters anticipate future caregiving roles. The current study examines the impact of sibling networks on the caregiving anticipation of 103 adult daughters. Factors influencing the expectation and amount of support adult daughters anticipate include daughters' birth order and proximity to their mothers. Characteristics of the sibling networks, including percentage of sisters within the family, are also important to care anticipation.
Do Role Models Matter? An Investigation of Role Modeling as an Antecedent of Perceived Ethical Leadership

Thus far, we know much more about the significant outcomes of perceived ethical leadership than we do about its antecedents. In this study, we focus on multiple types of ethical role models as antecedents of perceived ethical leadership. According to social learning theory, role models facilitate the acquisition of moral and other types of behavior. Yet, we do not know whether having had ethical role models influences follower perceptions of one’s ethical leadership and, if so, what kinds of role models are important. We conducted a field study, surveying supervisors and their subordinates to examine the relationship between three types of ethical role models and ethical leadership: the leader’s childhood role models, career mentors, and top managers. We found that having had an ethical role model during the leader’s career was positively related to subordinate-rated ethical leadership. As expected, this effect was moderated by leader age, such that the relationship between career mentoring and ethical leadership was stronger for older leaders. Leader age also moderated the relationship between childhood models and ethical leadership ratings, such that having had childhood ethical role models was more strongly and positively related to ethical leadership for younger leaders. We found no effect for top management ethical role models. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Electron-Hole Recombination in Irradiated SiO2 from a Microdosimetry Viewpoint

The fields of radiation chemistry and microdosimetry have produced models for the calculation of the extent of reactions involving radiation-produced ions. This paper presents a model based on ideas developed by Magee and coworkers which are in turn based on the old columnar recombination model of Jaffe. The key contribution of this model is a method for the determination of the spatial distribution of reactants into several differently shaped deposition regions. The implications of this multiple shape recombination (MSR) model for the treatment of electron-hole recombination in MOS oxides will be discussed. In addition, radiation damage in SiO2 appears to offer a better means for testing such a model than any which has been previously available. That is, the study of electronic devices is benefiting from ideas which originated in the fields of microdosimetry and radiation chemistry, and is in turn providing unique tests of such ideas.
The wave equation for the electron-muon system and their neutrinos

Abstract If the spin part of the translation generators are included into the new momentum P μ = i∂ μ + a −1 γ μ (1− i γ 5 ) analog to the total angular momentum J μv = L μv + S μv in the O (4, 2) orbital × O (4,2) spin framework, we obtain from the factorization of P 2 , two massless and two massive equations, the mass difference being 2/ a , where a is the scale or elementary length parameter in the conformal group. In two-component from a lepton and its neutrino naturally occur in the same multiplet as in the standard model.
Oral manifestations of collagen vascular disease.

Lupus erythematosus is a multisystem disorder. One of its defining features is oral ulceration. In addition to oral ulcers, cheilitis may occur. Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder of exocrine glands that causes a decrease in salivary gland function. This results in symptoms of xerostomia, which can be complicated by caries. Scleroderma has rare oral manifestations, which include a decrease in the maximal oral aperture and mat-like telangiectasias.
NEUTRALIZATION AND THE BALANCE OF POWER

Since the outbreak of the Korean War, the free world has made erratic but continuous progress in its effort to achieve military parity with the Communist bloc. Success in this enterprise and the realization of a "situation of strength" would bring to the fore the problem of serious negotiations with Soviet Russia. Several analysts, including Winston Churchill, have already made strong pleas for reviving the "lost art" of diplomacy as a means of obtaining some settlement of the Cold War.' Speaking in a somewhat different military context, before the U.S.S.R. developed the atomic bomb but prior to the Western rearmament effort, Churchill observed:
Do Medicare Advantage enrollees tend to be admitted to hospitals with better or worse outcomes compared with fee-for-service enrollees?

The hospitals selected by or for Medicare beneficiaries might depend on whether the patient is enrolled in a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan. A theoretical model of profit maximization by MA plans takes into account the tradeoffs of consumer preferences for annual premium versus outcomes of care in the hospital and other attributes of the plan. Hospital discharge databases for 13 states in 2006, maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, are the main source of data. Risk-adjusted mortality rates are available for all non-maternity adult patients in each of 15 clinical categories in about 1,500 hospitals. All-adult postoperative safety event rates covering 9 categories of events are calculated for surgical cases in about 900 hospitals. Instrumental variables are used to address potential endogeneity of the choice of a MA plan. The key findings are these: enrollees in MA plans tend to be treated in hospitals with lower resource cost and higher risk-adjusted mortality compared to Fee-for-Service (FFS) enrollees. The risk-adjusted mortality measure is about 1.5 percentage points higher for MA plan enrollees than the overall mean of 4%. However, the rate of safety events in surgical patients favors MA plan enrollees—the rate is 1 percentage point below the average of 3.5%. These discrepant results are noteworthy and are plausibly due to greater discretion by the health plan in approving patients for elective surgery and as well as selecting hospitals for surgical patients. Emergency patients are generally excluded for the safety outcome measures. In addition, the current mortality measures may not adequately represent all surgical patients. Such caveats should be prominently highlighted when presenting comparative data. With that proviso, the study justifies informing Medicare beneficiaries about the mortality and safety outcome measures for hospitals being used by a MA plan compared to hospitals used by FFS enrollees.
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 3

Abstract A compilation of information on A = 3 nuclei is presented with emphasis on the possible structure of A = 3 systems and final-state interactions in three-particle reactions. No excited states of 3 H and 3 He have been established and no firm evidence has been obtained for the existence of the trineutron or the triproton.
The Link Between Religion and Spirituality and Psychological Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Optimism and Social Support

Although optimism, social support, religiousness, and spirituality are important predictors of adjustment, rarely have studies examined these variables simultaneously. This study investigated whether optimism and social support mediated the relationship between religiousness and adjustment (distress and life satisfaction) and between spirituality and adjustment. Findings indicate that the relationship between intrinsic religiousness and life satisfaction and between prayer fulfillment and life satisfaction was mediated by optimism and social support. Furthermore, the relationship between religiousness and adjustment varied depending on how religiousness was operationalized and whether positive versus negative adjustment indicators were used. That is, intrinsic religiousness and prayer fulfillment were associated with greater life satisfaction, but extrinsic religiousness was not associated with life satisfaction. These findings were significant even after accounting for covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, social desirability). Results suggest religiousness and spirituality are related but distinct constructs and are associated with adjustment through factors such as social support and optimism.
A Rationale for the Management of Periodontal Diseases: Effects of Tetracycline on Subgingival Bacteria

Additional therapeutic measures may rescue patients who are judged refractory to aggressive local periodontal treatment.
A past revisited: Re-presentation of the Nanjing Massacre in City of Life and Death

ABSTRACTThis article explores the way in which Lu Chuan's Nanjing! Nanjing!/City of Life and Death (2009) breaks away from the previous mode of representation of the Nanjing Massacre that foregrounds the burden of proof and the discourse of victimization, and seeks instead to recreate the representation of this historical event through a decentred and multi-perspective mode of narrative that destabilizes the boundary between heroism and victimization and the distinction between the perpetrators and victims. This film places this historical conflict in the global context of warfare and atrocities and examines the relationship between human nature and war and the impacts of war on the human psyche. It is a ‘film as history’, produced not just to remember the past but rather reconstruct the past, and it is also a film that confronts history and the representation of history in film.
Nonlocal labeling of paths in a single-photon interferometer

We prepared polarization-entangled photon pairs and sent one of the photons through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The apparatus was arranged so that when going through each arm of the interferometer the pairs were in a different Bell state. The distinguishability of the interferometer paths was determined by projecting the entangled state of the two photons with a polarizer placed in the path of the photon that does not go through the interferometer. As a consequence, actions on the remote photon determined nonlocally the visibility of the interference pattern. We present a full theoretical analysis and experimental results that confirm the theoretical predictions.
Competition between Kokanees and Utah Chub in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah–Wyoming

Abstract Kokanees Oncorhynchus nerka (lacustrine sockeye salmon) and Utah chub Gila atraria feed extensively on similar sizes and species of zooplankton in Flaming Gorge Reservoir. We measured the effects of Utah chub on the growth of kokanees in six 80-m3 enclosures containing ambient zooplankton populations. Three kokanees and 0, 3, 6, 12, or 24 Utah chub were weighed and placed in each enclosure. After 21 d, fish were removed and kokanee growth was compared among treatments. Zooplankton biomass, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and temperature profiles were monitored during each test. In May 1992, no competitive interactions were observed; in June 1992, however, zooplankton biomass and kokanee growth declined significantly as Utah chub densities increased. The best predictor of kokanee growth was Daphnia pulex density, which explained 76% of the variance in kokanee growth. Differences in temperature and initial zooplankton biomass affected the strength of observed competition. Our results suggest that mon...
Computer modelling. Application to studies on the initial rate of Na+ uptake by frog skin epidermis.

Abstract In the field of active and passive transport of substances across epithelial membranes little progress has been made, mostly for technical reasons, towards a comprehensive view of a wealth of isolated laboratory data. The present study is an attempt to advance the use of the method of computer simulation, with application of the “Continuous System Modelling Program” into the field of membrane transport. High speed of operation and great versatility make this procedure uniquely suitable to transport studies on multicompartment biological systems, such as epithelia. Basic prerequisites are, a detailed knowledge of the morphological parameters of the system, and an abundance of often isolated laboratory data against which the function of a model membrane can be checked. The simulation process becomes then a study of finding the constraints on all rate constants involved (a few of which may be known) which lead to results compatible with experimental facts. Whereas computer modelling is no substitute for experimental studies, it is one way of arriving at a comprehensive view of the complex flow patterns in such complex structures as epithelia. The computer simulation technique can lead to new, testable predictions, and it gives the laboratory investigator a critical perspective of potential pitfalls in experimental techniques used in studies on fluxes in structures as small as those encountered in epithelia. The usefulness of computer simulation in the field of membrane transport is exemplified by applying it to the problem of the initial rate of uptake of Na + by frog skin epidermis. It is shown, here, that the computer data are in excellent agreement with experimental data on epidermis. Beyond this, the computer data permit calculations on kinetic parameters, e.g. Na + pool sizes and rates of Na + fluxes between compartments, which, for the present at least, cannot be directly measured.
Canonical Theism as Ecclesial and Ecumenical Resource

Abstract This article seeks to survey the movement of canonical theism as a way of introducing it to a Pentecostal readership for the purpose of establishing possible links that could be beneficial for both groups. In particular, the essay utilizes some of the claims of canonical theism to reconsider the place and function of initial-evidence thinking within Classical Pentecostalism. Additionally, the essay explores how the Pentecostal experience and understanding of God would substantiate further the underdeveloped claims to theism that the movement makes.
Who Chooses Dual Language Education for Their Children and Why

Abstract A survey of 724 families of dual language enrichment students in the South-west USA explored what kinds of families had chosen dual language education for their children and why. Of those parents who chose dual language for their children, 45.4% speak primarily English with their child, while 54.6% speak primarily Spanish. English-dominant parents constitute 24.7% of those who so chose, while 34.2% are Spanish-dominant and 40.5% are bilingual. In terms of education level, 50% of them have a high school education or less, 32.1% have an undergraduate degree and 17.9% have a graduate education. Of all respondents, 93.6% said they chose dual language so that their child would be able to speak, read and write in two languages, making it the most frequently selected followed by to be successful in a global society (63.1%), to be more successful in school (61.3%) and to be comfortable relating to different people (60.7%). There are several implications: not all parents have the same motivations; bilingu...
Moros in the media and beyond: representations of Philippine Muslims

Colonial constructions of the Muslim image have affected Muslim–Christian relations in the Philippines for centuries. Spanish colonizers used the term “Moro” as a derogatory term for Muslims and portrayed them in negative terms mainly because of their resistance to Spanish colonial rule and Christianity. The succeeding American administrators perpetuated the negative Muslim image through their description of Muslims in their reports and in cartoons published in the American print media. Both colonizers viewed Filipinos primarily in terms of their religious identification, and through their campaigns against the Moros, have influenced the thinking and attitudes of Christian Filipinos towards Muslim Filipinos. In recent times, ethnic Filipino Muslims have appropriated the term Moro to symbolize instead their determination to chart their destiny as a nation and their rich political and cultural heritage. This recasting of the Moro image is reflected in contemporary Muslim writings in both print and electronic media. This paper argues that the remaking of the Moro image challenges colonial misrepresentations, constitutes a redefinition of ethnic Muslim identity, and appeals to the sense of unity of Muslims.