cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radio Continuum Radiation

Most galaxies are continuum radio sources and M31 is no exception. It is what radio astronomers classify as a normal galaxy, though, not a radio galaxy, as its radio luminosity is moderate. The spectrum of its radio radiation shows that the sources of this radiation are both thermal and non-thermal. In this sense, M31 is rather like our own galaxy, though the detailed structure and scale of the radio image is different.
“Please refrain from locking your bags”: theft from passengers’ checked-in luggage at US airports

Air travel is one of the few situations in which individuals are encouraged to refrain from securing their valuables to facilitate screening, thereby providing an opportunity to some airport employees to use the privileged access offered by their jobs to steal from passengers’ luggage. The goal of this research is to analyze whether some US airports experience more theft by employees from passengers’ luggage than others, and to understand why, using the risky facilities framework (Eck et al. in Imagination for Crime Prevention. Crime Prevention Studies, Criminal Justice Press, Monsey, 2007). Data on passengers’ claims to the Transportation Security Administration in 2009 were used. Results show that, contrary to what is usually depicted in the media, smaller airports experience higher theft rates than larger airports, and could therefore constitute vulnerable points of entry into the aviation industry. Practical implications of this research are discussed.
Insights from agriculture for the management of insecticide resistance in disease vectors

Key to contemporary management of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and filariasis is control of the insect vectors responsible for transmission. Insecticide-based interventions have contributed to declines in disease burdens in many areas, but this progress could be threatened by the emergence of insecticide resistance in vector populations. Insecticide resistance is likewise a major concern in agriculture, where insect pests can cause substantial yield losses. Here, we explore overlaps between understanding and managing insecticide resistance in agriculture and in public health. We have used the Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in malaria vectors, developed under the auspices of the World Health Organization Global Malaria Program, as a framework for this exploration because it serves as one of the few cohesive documents for managing a global insecticide resistance crisis. Generally, this comparison highlights some fundamental differences between insect control in agriculture and in public health. Moreover, we emphasize that the success of insecticide resistance management strategies is strongly dependent on the biological specifics of each system. We suggest that the biological, operational, and regulatory differences between agriculture and public health limit the wholesale transfer of knowledge and practices from one system to the other. Nonetheless, there are some valuable insights from agriculture that could assist in advancing the existing Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management framework.
Diasporic Dances: Theological Musings Betwixt and Between Blackness

This article brings Black theology into conversation with the diasporic character of Black identity, in addition to critical theorizing on late capital. By being attentive not only to the normative...
The use of high-flow nasal cannula in the pediatric emergency department.

Abstract Objectives To summarize the current literature describing high-flow nasal cannula use in children, the components and mechanisms of action of a high-flow nasal cannula system, the appropriate clinical applications, and its role in the pediatric emergency department. Sources A computer-based search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar for literature on high-flow nasal cannula use in children was performed. Data summary High-flow nasal cannula, a non-invasive respiratory support modality, provides heated and fully humidified gas mixtures to patients via a nasal cannula interface. High-flow nasal cannula likely supports respiration though reduced inspiratory resistance, washout of the nasopharyngeal dead space, reduced metabolic work related to gas conditioning, improved airway conductance and mucociliary clearance, and provision of low levels of positive airway pressure. Most data describing high-flow nasal cannula use in children focuses on those with bronchiolitis, although high-flow nasal cannula has been used in children with other respiratory diseases. Introduction of high-flow nasal cannula into clinical practice, including in the emergency department, has been associated with decreased rates of endotracheal intubation. Limited prospective interventional data suggest that high-flow nasal cannula may be similarly efficacious as continuous positive airway pressure and more efficacious than standard oxygen therapy for some patients. Patient characteristics, such as improved tachycardia and tachypnea, have been associated with a lack of progression to endotracheal intubation. Reported adverse effects are rare. Conclusions High-flow nasal cannula should be considered for pediatric emergency department patients with respiratory distress not requiring immediate endotracheal intubation; prospective, pediatric emergency department-specific trials are needed to better determine responsive patient populations, ideal high-flow nasal cannula settings, and comparative efficacy vs. other respiratory support modalities.
Re-Purposing the Push-Pull Model to Describe Signature Patterns of Terrorist Disengagement by Group: A Validation Study.

Various researchers have developed the push-pull model (Aho, 1988; Altier, Thoroughgood, & Horgan, 2014; Altier, Boyle, Shortland, & Horgan, 2017; Bjorgo 2009). Others have completed research on factors of disengagement (Barrelle, 2014; Gill, Bouhana, & Morrison, 2015). The studies aggregate data from either individual testimonies or group analyses into a broad pool of factors in order to create a universal theory. This paper argues that rather than trying to view all terrorist organizations as having commonalities, the push-pull model can provide a unique perspective of how each group is dissimilar. Each organization has a distinctive pattern of disengagement that aligns with its context. Of particular interest is the positive or negative orientation of members toward their former community. The data from four studies of disengagement from different terrorist organizations also provide a meso-level view to validate the push-pull model, allowing for a comparative analysis of whether some factors occur more frequently or do not appear in specific groups as well as whether some factors are missing from the model. A future counterterrorism application of this paper would be to carry out push-pull analyses of terrorist organizations in order to create a convincing strategy tailored by organization that will encourage members to voluntarily leave.
How Does Social Protection Influence Cross-National Homicide Rates in OECD Nations?

Social protection exhibits a consistent negative association with cross-national homicide rates. However, the specific mechanism through which the two are associated remains untested in spite of competing theoretical claims that include altruism, social control, buffers from market forces, and insulation from the ills associated with poverty. We explore these possible theoretical explanations, focusing on different originating sources (e.g., public or government) of social protection. Using data from nearly all countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for 2010–14, we used ordinary least squares models to estimate these associations. The results indicate that the possible mechanisms through which social protection is associated with homicide are public and both direct and indirect.
Functional Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ScENT1)

Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) are polytopic membrane transporters responsible for the translocation of nucleosides, nucleobases—to a lesser extent—and nucleoside analog therapeutics across cellular membranes. ENTs function in a diffusion controlled bidirectional manner and are thought to utilize an alternating access transport mechanism. However, a detailed understanding of ENT function at the molecular level has remained elusive. ScENT1 (formerly known as Function Unknown Now 26 or FUN26) is the only known ENT ortholog endogenously expressed in S. cerevisiae, and a proteoliposome assay system was used to study homogenously overexpressed and purified ScENT1 (wildtype relative to L390A and F249I mutants). L390 and F249 are highly conserved residues and were found to alter transporter function. L390A produced a reduction of mean transport activity while F249I increased mean substrate translocation relative to wildtype protein. However, both mutations resulted in transport of UTP—a novel gain of function for any ENT. These residues were then mapped onto an ab initio model of FUN26 which suggests they function in substrate translocation (L390) or cytoplasmic gating (F249). Furthermore, wildtype, L390A, and F249I were found to be sensitive to the presence of alcohols. Ethanol attenuated ScENT1-mediated transport of uridine by ~50%. These findings further demonstrate functional similarities between ScENT1 and human ENT isoforms and support identification of FUN26 as ScENT1, the first ENT isoform in S. cerevisiae.
Dissipation of polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA) and glyphosate in an agricultural field and their co-occurrence on streambed sediments.

Abstract The environmental fate of polyoxyethylene tallow amine (POEA), an additive in glyphosate herbicide formulations, has not been studied. This study examined the dissipation of POEA; glyphosate; and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a degradation product of glyphosate, in the top 45 cm of soil from an agricultural field where glyphosate was applied. The concentration of these compounds was also analyzed in bed sediment samples from watersheds in agricultural and urban areas from six states (Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina). The field studies show that POEA, glyphosate, and AMPA persist on the soil from planting season to planting season but dissipate over time with little migration into deeper soil. POEA, glyphosate, and AMPA were found on the bed sediment samples in urban and agricultural watersheds.
Protein Phosphorylation in Endothelial Cell Membranes: Relationship to Growth Control

The activation of various kinase systems during the proliferative response of fibroblasts and certain tumor cell lines is well documented. The intracellular signalling pathway involved in the triggering of endothelial cell (EC) mitogenesis, however, has received little attention. We have employed cultured porcine aortic EC to examine the possible role of protein phosphorylation events in EC growth control. Triton-solubilized membranes from proliferating (sparse) and quiescent (confluent) EC were incubated under standard kinase assay conditions and radiolabeled membrane phosphoproteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by autoradiography. The extent of phosphorylation was dramatically elevated in sparse over confluent samples for four phosphoproteins including two serine phosphoproteins (180 kDa and 100 kDa), a 97 kDa protein phosphorylated on both serine and threonine and a 55 kDa protein which exhibited a specific and dramatic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation. Cofactor studies revealed that Mn2+ is the optimum cofactor for the EC membrane kinase(s) and that Mg2+ can replace Mn2+ only for the kinase acting on the 100 kDa protein. The kinases, acting on all four phosphoproteins, were not dependent on Ca2+, cAMP, or cGMP. The observed membrane phosphorylation patterns were similar in porcine and bovine aortic EC but were different from human fibroblasts or 3T3 cells. Sparse, quiescent EC exhibited a phosphoprotein pattern similar to that of confluent cultures, suggesting a growth dependence for the enhanced kinase activity that was observed in membranes from proliferating cells.
The Biology of the HER Family and Her2/neu Directed-Antibody Therapy

Breast cancer patients with tumors that over-express human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have a more aggressive disease and a worse prognosis without systemic therapy than do patients with HER2-negative tumors. The HER family is a group of tyrosine kinases involved with signal cascades regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Signaling is initiated by ligand binding and HER dimerization. Anti-HER therapies block this signal cascade, inducing apoptosis and slowing tumor growth. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that anti-HER2-directed therapies, specifically the humanized, monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, is highly effective in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings and may provide benefit, even after documented trastuzumab resistance. In addition to the interactions between members of the HER family, cross talk between the HER2 and the estrogen receptor, the PI3K/Akt/ PTEN/mTOR pathway, the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1, and MUC-4 provides insight into the multiple mechanisms of resistance to anti-HER2-directed therapies.
Leveraging Knowledge Representation to Maintain Immunization Clinical Decision Support.

Immunizations are one of the most cost-effective interventions for preventing morbidity and mortality. As vaccines, related clinical knowledge and requirements change, clinical applications must be updated in a timely manner to avoid practicing outdated medicine. We use the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a source for immunization knowledge for our Clinical Information Systems (CIS). After identifying knowledge management related gaps in the CDC’s content and email notification service, we developed and adapted a knowledge management tool chain – called COMET – for facilitating automatic processing of the available immunization content to implement mature knowledge lifecycle management practices locally. The implemented features include error and change tracking, content discovery and analytics, and tracking of dependencies to dependent downstream CISs. We demonstrate the creation of a tool that enables content curators to visualize, track, and implement immunization changes.
Effects from a short-term exposure to copper or cadmium in gravid females of the livebearer fish (Gambusia affinis).

Abstract We investigated the reproductive effects of a 10-day maternal metal exposure in the live-bearing western mosquitofish. We exposed gravid females to 0.15 µM copper or cadmium and monitored reproduction-related variables over the subsequent 8-month breeding season. Females gave birth to 1–5 broods, a number not affected by the exposure. Their first brood's size was reduced following exposure to either metal, while this effect was still evident for the second brood of copper-exposed females. Metal-exposed females also had more premature births, abortions, and broods containing dead offspring; these last two effects were still evident in second broods. The time-till-first-birth was reduced while the time-interval between first and second brood was increased in cadmium-exposed females, but not in copper-exposed ones. This study demonstrated that short-term metal exposure affects a variety of reproductive measures and that effects can still occur in broods that developed well after the end of the females' exposure.
Analyses and Suggestions on Current Development Status of Smart Power Transmission Systems in China

In view of the characteristics, such as highly compatible power access capability, high security and reliability, and great flexibility and controllability, the application of smart grids in power transmission systems will improve both operation security and stability of power grids in China. Based on the development conditions of the Three-Hua UHV synchronous power grid, which connects North China, Central China and East China Grids, the necessity of applying smart grids to large-scale interconnected power systems in China is analyzed, the current development status of smart grids in domestic power transmission systems is reviewed, and suggestions on the development of smart grids in China are provided.
A review of recent research on the manipulation of response effort in applied behavior analysis

Response effort refers to the distance, force/pressure, or number of discrete behaviors required to engage in a response. In applied behavior analysis, response effort has been used as an independe...
Women in CS: Changing the Women or Changing the World?

This Research Full Paper provides a review of literature regarding the participation of women in Computer Science (CS) related disciplines and discusses four different categories of variables, with the goal of determining what current professors, staff, and students can do to promote the retention and inclusion of female students in CS programs.1)Static attributes of female students (race, socioeconomic background, GPA, ACT/SAT score, etc).2)Adjustable attributes of the female students themselves (qualities that could be changed through workshops, courses, mentoring, or other training programs).3)Static attributes of the environment around female students (location of a university, number of students enrolled, etc).4)Adjustable attributes of the environments around female students (aspects of a program or university like what courses are required and in what order, who is teaching, what they are teaching, how they are teaching, etc).We review literature that suggests departments can attempt to influence attributes of the female students themselves, like students’ self efficacy, thinking habits, and academic goals, through courses and programs. We conclude that this category of variables could be split into two ill-defined subcategories. First, variables which may be ethical to adjust, like students’ confidence or self efficacy. Second, variables which may be better left unchanged: we note that if interventions lead female students to be more like their male peers, we are not attaining true diversity. We discuss the implications of attempting to change female students and discuss the effectiveness of modifying environments around female students.We take the position that the study of static attributes, whether internal or external to female students, leads to few actionable tasks. We propose that future research should look for adjustable factors that allow for professors, staff, and students to change their actions in order to increase retention rates.
DynaCT Enhancement of Subdural Membranes After Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization: Insights into Pathophysiology.

Objective Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization could be an effective method of inhibiting neovascularization of the subdural capsular membrane and preventing hematoma maintenance. We sought to better understand how the MMA might affect subdural hematoma physiology and how this process might be modified by embolization. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 27 patients with 29 subdural hematomas (SDHs) who had undergone MMA embolization from July 2018 to May 2019. Of the 27 patients, 8 had undergone postembolization DynaCT imaging studies and were included in the present study. Results The average patient age was 75 years. The baseline noncontrast-enhanced cranial computed tomography (CT) scans showed the presence of a hematoma membrane in all 8 patients. The postembolization DynaCT scans of all patients demonstrated enhancement of all 4 components (i.e., dura, capsular membrane, septations, and subdural hematoma fluid). All patients had a minimum of 60-day imaging and clinical follow-up data available. The average decrease in SDH volume at the last follow-up examination was 87% compared with that at baseline. A significant difference was found between the average baseline and average last follow-up SDH volume (P Conclusions Our data lend support to the theory of contiguous vascular networks between the MMA and SDH membranes. Targeting these leaky vascular networks might remove the source of hematoma accumulation. These data add to the pathophysiological understanding of the disease and suggests potential insights into the mechanism of action of MMA embolization.
Moyamoya Disease in a Middle-Aged Hispanic Woman: A Case Illustration.

Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology, once known to be rare in the United States as compared to East-Asian countries, it is now an increasingly recognized cause of strokes in the United States, as the prevalence of the disease appears to be increasing. We describe a case of a 41-year-old Hispanic female patient presenting to our hospital with a stroke. She had two episodes of right arm weakness and clumsiness prior to presentation to the hospital that had resolved upon arrival. Despite a CT head negative for stroke, further imaging work-up was performed including MRI of the brain with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and conventional angiogram, which showed characteristic imaging findings leading to the diagnosis of Moyamoya disease. The patient subsequently underwent elective surgical intervention with Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) procedure to prevent further complications.
Closing the Brief Case: Secondary Measles and the Pitfalls of Diagnostic Testing.

1. What is the clinical interpretation of a negative IgM and high-positive IgG for measles? 1. Immunity acquired from measles immunization 2. Immunity acquired from previous exposure to measles virus 3. Acute secondary measles virus infection 4. Any of the
Adolescents and Sexual Risk-Taking: The Interplay of Constraining Relationship Beliefs, Healthy Sex Attitudes, and Romantic Attachment Insecurity

Abstract Introduction Although sexual exploration during adolescence may be perceived as normative, many adolescents who are sexually active are likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors detrimental to their well-being. The present study examined the influence of insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant dimensions), healthy sex attitudes, and constraining relationship beliefs on the following sexual risk indicators: age at first sex, number of sexual partners, condom use, length of time knowing sexual partners, seriousness of relationship, and frequency of sex. Methods Cross-sectional data from two cohorts recruited one year apart for a five-year project were analyzed. Adolescents were public high school students from a Southern state in the USA (cohort 1: N = 878, 51.1% females, M = 16.50 years old; cohort 2: N = 759, 46.9% females, M = 15.78 years old). Results Across both cohorts, healthy sex attitudes were related to having sex for the first time at an older age, having less sexual partners in a lifetime, and knowing one's sexual partner longer. High scores on the avoidant attachment dimension were related to less commitment to the relationship. This dimension also was related to holding lower scores on healthy sex attitudes, which in turn was related to having more sexual partners and knowing one's sexual partner for a shorter time. Although not replicated, higher endorsement of constraining relationship beliefs was associated with inconsistent condom use and greater sex frequency. Conclusion Findings suggests that attachment insecurity, healthy sex attitudes, and constraining relationship beliefs work together to influence adolescent sexual risks.
Unaccounted Modernities in Tess and Trishna

“Unaccounted Modernities” looks at the connection between improvement and modernity by reading Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) alongside Michael Winterbottom’s Trishna (2011). The chapter offers a reading of the novel’s male protagonists as characters that represent two distinct but complementary ideologies of land improvement, both of which Hardy criticized and used his female protagonist to refute by exploring alternative conceptions of what it means to be “modern.” The chapter also reads Winterbottom’s adaptation as retaining the novel’s foregrounding of the tension between modernity, conceived as capitalist ideology of progress, and modernity as a method of self-determined engagement with one’s heritage and present social realities. Kao argues that Winterbottom presents the film’s female protagonist, Trishna, as both an object of improvement for the men around her as well as an alternative modern subject, who, like Tess, resists capitalist attempts to account for those it has disenfranchised.
The Future of Laboratory Astrophysics

A Round Table discussion on the future of Laboratory Astrophysics and the role of IAU Commission B5 was held on the fourth day of the conference to discuss how the IAU Laboratory Astrophysics Commission (B5) can best support the astronomy community and help promote laboratory astrophysics.
Impact of Current Pain Status on Low-Barrier Buprenorphine Treatment Response Among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is prevalent among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the impact of CNCP on buprenorphine treatment outcomes is largely unknown. In this secondary analysis, we examined treatment outcomes among individuals with and without CNCP who received a low-barrier buprenorphine maintenance regimen during waitlist delays to more comprehensive opioid treatment. METHODS Participants were 28 adults with OUD who received 12 weeks of buprenorphine treatment involving bimonthly clinic visits, computerized medication dispensing, and phone-based monitoring. At intake and monthly follow-up assessments, participants completed the Brief Pain Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Addiction Severity Index, and staff-observed urinalysis. RESULTS Participants with CNCP (n = 10) achieved comparable rates of illicit opioid abstinence as those without CNCP (n = 18) at weeks 4 (90% vs 94%), 8 (80% vs 83%), and 12 (70% vs 67%) (P = 0.99). Study retention was also similar, with 90% and 83% of participants with and without CNCP completing the 12-week study, respectively (P = 0.99). Furthermore, individuals with CNCP demonstrated significant improvements on the BDI-II and Global Severity Index subscale of the BSI (P < 0.05). However, those with CNCP reported more severe medical problems and smaller reductions in legal problems relative to those without CNCP (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Despite research suggesting that chronic pain may influence OUD treatment outcomes, participants with and without CNCP achieved similar rates of treatment retention and significant reductions in illicit opioid use and psychiatric symptomatology during low-barrier buprenorphine treatment.
Conclusions and Policy Implications

The decade of the 1980s was one of tremendous pressure on the criminal justice system. Criminologists, judges, prosecutors, and corrections officials alike concurred that prison crowding was the primary source of that pressure and thus the most critical problem facing the administration of criminal justice. By mid-decade, all but a handful of the states had directly experienced crowding in their prison facilities. Moreover, there was a virtual tidal wave of prisoner rights litigation in the federal courts, linked largely to crowded prison conditions. By 1986, over two-thirds of the states had become involved in lawsuits over the constitutionality of their prison systems. By the end of the decade forty-one states were under some form of court order regarding prison crowding.
Assessing Affirmative Action's Diversity Rationale

Ever since Justice Lewis Powell’s concurring opinion in Bakke made diversity in higher education a constitutionally acceptable rationale for affirmative action programs in 1978, the diversity rationale has received vehement criticism from across the ideological spectrum. Critics on the right have argued that efforts to attain diversity will necessarily lead to lower quality results, as “less meritorious” applicants are selected in place of people with ostensibly stronger qualifications. Critics on the left have charged that diversity is a “subterfuge” and an empty formulation. On the diversity rationale’s legitimacy, then, it would seem that there is precious little diversity of thought. In particular, prominent scholars and jurists have frequently cast doubt on the diversity rationale’s empirical foundations, claiming that it is a mere hypothesis, and an implausible, unsupported one at that. This critique has made its way into the pages of the United States Reports, and it threatens the foundations upon which affirmative action rests. To assess the diversity rationale, we conduct an empirical study of student-run law reviews. Over the past several decades, many leading law reviews have implemented diversity policies for selecting editors. We investigate whether the citations to articles that a given law review publishes change after the adoption of a diversity policy. Using a dataset of the citations to the nearly 13,000 articles published by leading law reviews in over a 60-year period, we find that law reviews that adopt diversity policies see the median citations to their volumes increase by roughly 23 percent in the five years after adoption. In addition to exploring the effect of diversity policies on median citations, we also explore the effect of diversity policies on mean citations. When doing so, our estimates are consistently positive, but they are largely not statistically significant at conventional levels. These findings have implications well beyond the law review setting. If diverse groups of student editors perform better than non-diverse groups, it lends credibility to the idea that diverse student bodies, diverse faculties, diverse teams of attorneys, and diverse teams of employees generally would all perform better. We thus view these results as empirically supporting the much-derided diversity rationale—support that could prove critical as the continued viability of affirmative action today confronts numerous threats.
Space-time wave packets: A new class of spatio-temporally structured light waves

Space-time wave packets are a class of pulsed beams whose distinguishing characteristic is that they are endowed with precise spatio-temporal structure. Here we present recent results with space-time wave packets including anomalous refraction across a planar interface and accelerating and decelerating pulses in free space.
A Highly Efficient CMOS Rectifier for Ultra-Low-Power Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

This paper presents an innovative cross-coupled differential drive rectifier for ultra-low power RF energy harvesting applications. Designed in a standard 65-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, it employs dynamic threshold compensation and forward body biasing techniques to compensate for the threshold of MOS devices. A simple off-chip differential matching network is used to interface with the antenna. Post-layout simulations show that the proposed single-stage rectifier achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) > 10% and produces output voltage > 160 mV (at 300 kΩ load) when receiving a 2.4 GHz signal with average power of -30dBm. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the result shows favorable performance for low input powers (<-26 dBm) despite operating at higher frequency.
A Agroecologia: Uma Ilustração Da Fecundidade Da Pesquisa Multiestratégica

The aims of the article are (1) to highlight the fact that research conducted under agroecological strategies serves to illustrate the fruitfulness of multi-strategic research, and (2) to point to the relevance of agroecology in Brazil, as well as to its growing importance in the production of foodstuffs throughout the world.
Medieval Religious, Religions, Religion

This article sketches the most important shift in medieval religious history over the past few decades: the transition from “church history” to “the history of religious culture.” First, it surveys the field’s expansion of “the religious” beyond a clerical elite to a broad demographic of the faithful, and its interest in devotion and lived experience in ways that have produced more nuanced appreciation of the varieties of Christian orthodoxy. Second, it sketches how the religions falling under the aegis of medieval religious history have increased from Latin Christianity only to Judaism, Islam, Greek Christianity, and even to forms of religiosity identified as pagan. Third, it argues that regardless of the field’s many expansions and changes, scholars have tended not to make explicit the definitions of “religion” with which they work, and considers the ramifications and possible value of doing so.
Bioavailability of zinc from inorganic and organic sources for pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets.

Two experiments were conducted with pigs 1) to determine the effect of supplemental Zn on growth performance, bone Zn, and plasma Zn in pigs fed Zn-unsupplemented, corn-soybean meal diets and 2) to assess bioavailability of Zn from inorganic and organic Zn sources. In both experiments, weanling pigs were fed a diet with no supplemental Zn for 5 wk to deplete their Zn stores. In Exp. 1, 192 pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet (growing diet, 32 mg/kg of Zn; finishing diet, 27 mg/kg of Zn) supplemented with feed-grade ZnSO4.H2O to provide 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of supplemental Zn. Supplemental Zn did not affect weight gain, feed intake, or gain/feed during either the growing or the finishing period (P > .05). However, bone and plasma Zn concentrations increased linearly (P ZnMet > ZnO > ZnLys.
Whole-genome metabolic network reconstruction and constraint-based modeling

With the advent of modern high-throughput genomics, there is a significant need for genome-scale analysis techniques that can assist in complex systems analysis. Metabolic genome-scale network reconstructions (GENREs) paired with constraint-based modeling are an efficient method to integrate genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to conduct organism-specific analysis. This text explains key steps in the GENRE construction process and several methods of constraint-based modeling that can help elucidate basic life processes and development of disease treatment, bioenergy solutions, and industrial bioproduction applications.
CrossWalk: A tool for performance profiling across the user-kernel boundary

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a tool for performance profiling across the user-kernel boundary, CrossWalk. CrossWalk starts profiling at the user level, profiles the main function, then its callees and walks further down the application call graph, refining the performance problem to a particular function. If it determines that this function is a system call, it walks into the kernel code and starts traversing the kernel call graph until it locates the ultimate bottleneck. The key technologies in CrossWalk are dynamic application instrumentation and dynamic kernel instrumentation. For the former, one can use an existing library called Dyninst API. For the latter, a new framework called Kerninst API is designed with an interface modeled after Dyninst. When combined, the two libraries provide a unified and powerful interface for building cross-boundary tools. The chapter describes the usefulness of the cross-boundary approach by analyzing the Squid proxy server with CrossWalk. By drilling down into the kernel, one can identify the ultimate cause of Squid's performance problems and remove them by modifying the application's source code.
Landau-Kleffner syndrome responsive to levetiracetam

Abstract A 5-year-old girl with Landau–Kleffner syndrome is discussed. The child began having seizures at age 4 associated with language deterioration despite anticonvulsant therapy. With levetiracetam monotherapy to a dose of 60 mg/kg/day and discontinuation of carbamazepine and valproic acid, her language has improved and seizures are controlled. Levetiracetam should be considered as therapy for Landau–Kleffner syndrome.
"Glassy" low-temperature thermal properties in crystalline superconducting ZrNb alloys

Abstract The general characteristics of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of glasses have been found in a quenched single crystal of superconducting ZrNb(20%). From consideration of the diffusionless dynamical fluctuations between the ω and β atomic configurations of the ZrNb alloy, an atomic tunneling picture at low temperatures is proposed. The degree of these “glassy” properties decreases in a quenched ZrNb(8%) crystal and also in the annealed ZrNb(20%) sample. These changes are explained by the formation of large ω domains, which do not favor rapid tunneling motion.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Evolution of Display Behavior in the Neotropical Manakins (Aves: Pipridae)

Phylogenetic systematic methods were applied in an investigation of the evolution of lek display behavior in the Neotropical manakins (Aves: Pipridae). Results of a previous investigation of the syringeal morphology of manakins were used as a behaviorally independent estimate of the phylogeny of the family. Three phylogenetic analyses of 44 display characters wer
Nelfinavir Pharmacokinetics in Stable Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Children: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 377

Objective. Pharmacokinetic data obtained from children who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are essential for the safe and effective use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric populations. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of body weight on the pharmacokinetic disposition of nelfinavir (NFV) in the absence and presence of nevirapine (NVP) and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of twice-daily (BID) and three-times-daily (TID) NFV regimens. Methods. This was an intensive pharmacokinetic substudy nested in a phase II, multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. Forty-five HIV-infected children receiving NFV 30 mg/kg TID and 6 HIV-infected children receiving NFV 55 mg/kg BID were enrolled in this study and assigned to 1 of 4 stavudine-containing regimens, 3 containing NFV and 2 containing NVP. Area under the plasma concentration-time curves from 0 to 8 hours (AUC 0–8 hours ) and from 0 to 12 hours (AUC 0–12 hours ) for the TID and BID regimens, respectively, were determined. For comparative purposes, the AUC 0–24 hours was also calculated for each regimen. Results. NFV exposure in the absence of NVP was decreased in children who were 25 kg (a 2.6-fold difference in median AUC 0–8 hours ). NFV pharmacokinetics in the presence of NVP did not differ between the 25 kg groups. The AUC 0–24 hours for children who were 0–24 hours for children who were >25 kg and on NFV TID but was 2.7-fold greater than AUC 0–24 hours for children who were Conclusions. NFV in the absence of NVP resulted in less than half the drug exposure in children who were 25 kg. NFV dosed at 55 mg/kg BID in children who are 25 kg and receiving NFV 30 mg/kg TID.
Transdifferentiation of prostate cancer cells to a neuroendocrine cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose: To better understand the source of neuroendocrine cells associated with human prostate cancer progression, we studied the ability of a cultured prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, to transdifferentiate into neuroendocrine-like cells in vitro and in vivo.Materials and Methods: Cyclic AMP concentrations were measured in extracts of LNCaP cells cultured in the presence of normal or hormone-deficient medium (containing charcoal-stripped serum) with the use of an immunoassay. Quantitative RT-PCR procedures were used to determine whether hormone depletion affects TGF-β2 mRNA expression. Western blotting procedures (for neuron specific enolase [NSE]) were used to determine whether TGF-β2 supplementation or antibody neutralization might affect the ability of cultured LNCaP cells to transdifferentiate to neuroendocrine-like cells. Finally, tumors formed from LNCaP cells xenografted into male nude mice were evaluated for the presence of neuroendocrine cells (prior and subsequent to castration of the host mou...
First phase heating and particle acceleration during solar flares by fast tearing modes

We develop a simple, but physically consistent, model of heating and particle acceleration by fast tearing modes, for modeling compact loop flares or erupting prominences. It is shown that there is a slow preheating, over many e -foldings of the instability, after which a rapid heating takes place in approximately one e-folding. The role of anomalous resistivity excited by the induced electric field during tearing is discussed, and how both thermal conduction and plasma expansion may play a role in cooling. Estimates for the total number of thermal and non-thermal electrons generated by one fast tearing mode are given, and it is argued that collisional tearing modes give rise to a primarily thermal plasma.
Thermally induced deformations in die-substrate assembly

The work focuses on the thermally induced deformations caused by the processing of Flip Chip Ball Grid Arrays (FCBGA). Analytical expressions for substrate displacements are derived based on the Plate Theory and Suhir’s solution for stresses in tri-material assembly. The validity of the model is established by comparing the analytical solution to the numerical flnite element results as well as to the experimental data. The beneflts of the proposed model are twofold: 1) it provides a tool for fundamental understanding of the deformation process of interest, and 2) has a predictive capability. More speciflcally, an analysis is presented on the nature and degree of in∞uence that difierent geometric and material parameters have on the substrate de∞ections, as well as a \Warpage Contour Plot", proposed as a tool for warpage prediction that can be easily utilized in the early stages of the design process.
Pain sensitivity and the report of pain: an introduction to sensory decision theory.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new psychophysical procedure for the objective measurement of experimental pain. This technique, known as “signal detection theory,” or more descriptively, “sensory decision theory,” distinguishes between a person’s report of pain and his sensory experiences induced by noxious stimuli. Obviously, a procedure which permits the separation of the attitudinal component of the pain response from the sensory component should prove to be of great value to investigators studying the action of analgesics, and to physicians concerned with the problem of evaluating clinical pain. Sensory decision theory has recently been used to study the effects of placebos1 and analgesics,2,3 as well as sex and age4 on experimental pain in man. However, a complete description of the theory and a detailed exposition of the calculations required to evaluate the variables defined by the mathematical model are not readily available. This paper provides an introduction to sensory decision theory by presenting in detail a segment of a larger study by Clark, Goodman, and Mehl5 on the effects of suggestion on the pain response to noxious thermal stimulation.
Increased resistance of SV40 transformed human amnion cells to poliovirus infection.

The increased resistance to poliovirus of SV40 transformed human amnion cells compared with primary cells has been shown to involve reduced cytopathic effect (CPE), delayed and reduced production of virus, inefficiency of infectious center formation, and the failure of transformed cell monolayers to support poliovirus plaque formation. At multiplicities of exposure (plaque-forming units/ cell) less than 10, CPE was negligible in the poliovirus infected transformed cell cultures which could be maintained as living cultures yielding poliovirus up to three months. Infectious center formation at different multiplicities showed that both cell types could be infected with single infectious units, but in cultures of transformed cells, the probability of initiating infection was reduced about 25-fold. Resistance was not observed in primary amnion cultures infected with SV40 in the absence of transformation. However, cellular resistance developed as morphologic transformed cells appeared in SV40 infected cultures. Transformed cells maintained resistance when SV40 multiplication in transformed cultures was suppressed with metabolic inhibitors or eliminated by isolating virus-free clones of transformed cells in the presence of SV40 antiserum.
The photolysis of SO2 at 3130 Å in the presence of the 1,3-pentadienes☆

Abstract The photolysis of sulfur dioxide at 3130 A and 22°C in the presence of cis - and trans -1,3-pentadiene has been investigated. Quantum yield measurements for the SO 2 ( 3 B 1 ) photosensitized isomerization of cis -1,3-pentadiene to the trans isomer have been made for a variation in the [SO 2 ]/[ cis -C 5 H 8 ] ratio of 2.48 to 464. A kinetic analysis of these data indicates that the quenching rate constant at 22°C for the removal of SO 2 ( 3 B 1 ) molecules is (1.73 ± 0.35) X 10 11 mol −1 s −1 . Estimates for the collisionally induced intersystem crossing efficiency of SO 2 ( 3 B 1 ) formation from SO 2 ( 1 B 1 ) are 0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 (two difference kinetic analyses) for SO 2 (X, 1 A 1 ) collisions with SO 2 ( 1 B 1 ) and 0.62 ± 0.05 for cis -C 5 H 8 collisions. The photostationary composition of isomers was determined by starting with mixtures of SO 2 and pure isomer, either cis - or trans -C 5 H 8 , and extrapolating the prolonged irradiations to infinite time. In both cases a photostationary composition of [ trans ]/[ cis ] = 1.19 ± 0.05 was found.
Using parallel function evaluations to improve Hessian approximation for unconstrained optimization

This paper presents a new class of methods for solving unconstrained optimization problems on parallel computers. The methods are intended to solve small to moderate dimensional problems where function and derivative evaluation is the dominant cost. They utilize multiple processors to evaluate the function, (finite difference) gradient, and a portion of the finite difference Hessian simultaneously at each iterate. We introduce three types of new methods, which all utilize the new finite difference Hessian information in forming the new Hessian approximation at each iteration; they differ in whether and how they utilize the standard secant information from the current step as well. We present theoretical analyses of the rate of convergence of several of these methods. We also present computational results which illustrate their performance on parallel computers when function evaluation is expensive.
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells which have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential into several mesenchymal lineages including bones, cartilages, adipose tissues and tendons. MSCs may repair tissue injuries and prevent immune cell activation and proliferation. Immunomodulation and secretion of growth factors by MSCs have led to realizing the true potential of MSC-based cell therapy. The use of MSCs as immunomodulators has been explored in cell/organ transplant, tissue repair, autoimmune diseases, and prevention of graft vs host disease (GVHD). This review focuses on the clinical applications of MSC-based cell therapy, with particular emphasis on islet transplantation for treating type I diabetes.