cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional network connectivity during rest and task: Comparison of healthy controls and schizophrenic patients

Functional connectivity examines temporal statistical dependencies among distant brain regions by means of seed-based analysis or independent component analysis (ICA). Spatial ICA also makes it possible to investigate functional connectivity at the network level, termed functional network connectivity (FNC). The dynamics of each network (ICA component) which may consist of several remote regions is described by the ICA time-course of that network; hence FNC studies statistical dependencies among ICA time-courses. In this paper, we compare comprehensively FNC in the resting state and during performance of an auditory oddball task in 28 healthy subject and 28 schizophrenic patients on relevant (non-artifactual) brain networks. The results show abnormalities both in the resting state and during the task but also the difference of the two states. Moreover, our results suggest that using data both in the resting-state and during the task can better separate the two groups. It is demonstrated that for three pairs of networks, the FNC of the healthy controls resides within a confined region of the correlation space whereas patients behave more sparsely. This can be used to discriminate the two groups based on partitioning the correlation space during the resting state and the task data.
Causal mapping as a tool to mechanistically interpret phenomena in cell motility: application to cortical oscillations in spreading cells.

Biological processes that occur at the cellular level and consist of large numbers of interacting elements are highly nonlinear and generally involve multiple time and spatial scales. The quantitative description of these complex systems is of great importance but presents large challenges. We outline a new systems biology approach, causal mapping (CMAP), which is a coarse-grained biological network tool that permits description of causal interactions between the elements of the network and overall system dynamics. On one hand, the CMAP is an intermediate between experiments and physical modeling, describing major requisite elements, their interactions and paths of causality propagation. On the other hand, the CMAP is an independent tool to explore the hierarchical organization of cell and the role of uncertainties in the system. It appears to be a promising easy-to-use technique for cell biologists to systematically probe verbally formulated qualitative hypotheses. We apply the CMAP to study the phenomenon of contractility oscillations in spreading cells in which microtubules have been depolymerized. The precise mechanism by which these oscillations are governed by a complex mechanochemical system is not known but the data observed in experiments can be described by a CMAP. The CMAP suggests that the source of the oscillations results from the opposing effects of Rho activation leading to a decreased level of myosin light chain phosphatase and a cyclic calcium influx caused by increased membrane tension and leading to a periodically enhanced activation of myosin light chain kinase. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 63:523–532, 2006. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and electrografting of dendron anchored OEGylated surfaces and their protein adsorption resistance.

In this study, a series of electrochemically active oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) linear-dendrons have been synthesized and grafted onto electrode surfaces by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to improve protein resistance. Dendronized molecules with peripheral carbazole functionality and branching architecture enabled tethering of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or OEG group with a predictable number of electrochemical reactive groups affecting OEG distribution and orientation. It is possible that ample spacing between the OEG chains affects the intrinsic hydration of these layers and thus surface protein resistance. The films were characterized by CV, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), static contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This approach should enable improved nonbiofouling properties on biorelevant electrode surfaces (metal or metal oxides) by potentiostatic or potentiodynamic electrochemical methods, providing an alternative to the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) approach for anchorin...
Mental Health Services for Children of Substance Abusing Parents: Voices from the Community

This qualitative study explores how to improve services for children of parents with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) with unmet mental health needs. Focus groups were conducted with parents and caregivers to identify perceived barriers to services, including: (1) attitudes and beliefs about mental health care, (2) inadequacies in mental health services, (3) children’s ambivalence about treatment, and (4) parental disagreement and lack of involvement. Peer support, afterschool activities, and family counseling were identified as potential improvements. This information can serve as a foundation and guide to develop services for the underserved population of children and adolescents of substance abusing parents.
An Intron Facilitates Activation of the Calspermin Gene by the Testis-specific Transcription Factor CREMτ

Calspermin is a high affinity Ca2+/calmodulin binding protein that is found only in postmeiotic male germ cells. Our previous studies have shown that the calspermin transcript is produced by utilization of a testis-specific promoter located within an intron of the calmodulin kinase IV gene. This promoter contains two cAMP response element-like motifs that bind the testis-specific transcription factor CREMτ. This interaction is required for transcriptional activation. Here we describe a novel regulatory element, the 111-base pair first intron of the calspermin gene, which is also required for enhancement of transcription by CREMτ via the cAMP response element motifs. Deletion or inversion of this intron results in loss of CREMτ-mediated stimulation of transcription. However, CREMτ stimulates calspermin promoter activity when the intron is moved upstream of the promoter but only when inserted in the proper orientation. Footprint, linker scanning, and deletion analyses were used to identify regulatory elements in the intron. We suggest that the intron functions as an orientation-dependent but position-independent regulatory element to activate the calspermin promoter by facilitating the stimulatory effect of CREMτ on transcription.
Making intelligence smarter

After a decade of drift in which intelligence agencies seemed to be casting about for a mission worthy of their big budgets, they have at last found one. But in adapting to global terrorism inspired by Islamist fundamentalism, those agencies will be forced to reassess many long-held customs and beliefs. They will have to find new human assets, including spies and analysts, and new ways to use their technical infrastructures, while cooperating more actively with domestic partners and with foreign intelligence services of every stripe. Agencies must find a new balance between electronic eavesdropping and spies on the ground to counter global terrorism.
Factors Related to Instructors' Willingness to Participate in Distance Education

The authors identifed elements of instruction formats that distinguish distance education (DE) methods from traditional face-to-face (FF) instruction with respect to instructors' experiences and opinions. Most hypotheses were supported. Instructors (N = 26) from a southeastern university rated FF more favorably in terms of (a) their comfort and ability to interact with students, (b) students' opportunity to interact and participate in class discussions, and (c) instruction accommodating different learning styles. The authors found no difference between instructors' mean opinions of DE and FF for interaction with students on assignments, contact with students outside class, instructors' promptness of feedback delivery, or effect of motivation on student success. Instructors' willingness to participate in DE was a function of their perception of the adequacy of training for DE and recognition received. Instructors' willingness was not related to effort and time needed to develop course materials for DE. Kno...
Dependency of sugar transport and phosphorylation by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system on membranous phosphatidyl glycerol in Escherichia coli: Studies with a pgsA mutant lacking phosphatidyl glycerophosphate synthase

Abstract It has been reported that phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) is specifically required for the in vitro activities of the hexose-phosphorylating Enzymes II of the Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS). We have examined this possibility by measuring the properties of a null pgsA mutant that lacks detectable PG. The mutant showed lower in vitro phosphorylation activities towards several sugars when both PEP-dependent and sugar-phosphate-dependent [ 14 C]sugar phosphorylation reactions were measured. The order of dependency on PG for the different enzymes II was: II Mannose > II Glucose > II Fructose > II Mannitol . Nonsedimentable (40 000 rpm for 2 h) Enzymes II exhibited a greater dependency on PG than pelletable Enzymes II. Western blot analyses showed that the glucose Enzyme II is present in normal amounts. Transport and fermentation measurements revealed diminished activities for all Enzymes II. Thermal stability of all of these enzymes except the mannitol-specific Enzyme II was significantly decreased by the pgsA mutation, and sensitivity to detergent treatments was enhanced. Sugar transport proved to be the most sensitive indicator of proper Enzyme II–phospholipid association. Our results show that PG stimulates but is not required for Enzyme II function in E. coli .
HIGH DEMAND/LOW SUPPLY IN LIBRARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CAREERS

As libraries and information centers grow in complexity and, in many cases, become big business, financial management skills take on increased importance for librarians and other information workers. External and internal pressures like reductions in library budgets, escalation of costs faster than revenues, pressures from outside agencies for increased productivity, accountability, organizational efficiency and effectiveness have all pushed librarians to expand their competencies in the financial arena.
Irreversible binding of mercury from contaminated soil

Abstract The 1,3-benzenediamidoethanethiol dianion (BDET 2− ) has been designed and synthesized to immobilize mercury from contaminated soils. In this study, mercury contaminated soil samples from the Appalachia Region of Eastern Kentucky were collected and tested with the sodium salt of this ligand. Multiple binding sites on the BDET 2− ligand have led to stable mercury–ligand precipitates that are capable of withstanding adverse oxidative and pH conditions. Results indicated that 99.6% of the mercury in the soil samples could be immobilized from an average starting concentration of 10.3 mg of mercury per gram of soil (mg Hg/g soil). The precipitates were tested for stability through leaching and oxidative-digestion tests, and yielded leaching rates less than 5×10 −11 g/ml at times 2, 30 and 60 days at a pH range of 0.0–10.0.
Changes in testicular and plasma androgens with photoperiodically induced increase in plasma LH in the house sparrow

Abstract Testicular growth, plasma levels of reproductive hormones, and testicular content and concentration of androgens were measured in male house sparrows before and after transfer from short (8L:16D) to long (16L:8D) days. Plasma levels of LH and the testicular content of testosterone increased rapidly following transfer to long days, and remained elevated for at least 21 days. In contrast, the testicular concentration of testosterone rose intially and then decreased as the testes increased in size. Elevated levels of testosterone did not appear in the plasma until Day 21 of photostimulation. Levels of DHT in the plasma and in the testis were lower than those of testosterone throughout the period of photostimulation. These results suggest that testosterone is sequestered in the testis of the house sparrow after photostimulation prior to its appearance in the blood.
Multiscale modeling and simulation of silicon carbide oxidation

The objective of this theoretical work is to understand the process of thermal oxidation of SiC and investigate the phenomenon of transition layer generation at the SiC/SiO2 interface. We have identified the reaction process to be the rate-limiting step of SiC oxidation. The dependence of transition layer on temperature and SiC crystal plane orientation has been studied. The difference in the oxidation rates of Si face and C face of SiC has been explained using the proposed multiscale approach. The computed concentration of carbon cluster at the interface indicates the presence of interface traps due to incomplete oxidation of SiC. The mathematical models and simulation results have been validated with experimental correlations. The proposed model is valid within typical temperature conditions of dry oxidation. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constructing computer-based tutors that are socially sensitive: Politeness in educational software

Students rated 16 tutorial statements on negative politeness (i.e., how much the tutor ''allows me freedom to make my own decisions'') and positive politeness (i.e., how much the tutor was ''working with me''). Consistent with an adaptation of Brown and Levinson's [1987. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge University Press, New York] politeness theory, (a) students rated direct commands and commands attributed to machines as lowest in negative and positive politeness, (b) students rated guarded suggestions and guarded questions as highest in negative politeness, and guarded suggestions and statements expressing a common goal as highest in positive politeness, and (c) the pattern of results was stronger for students with low rather than high computing experience. Results have implications for designing polite conversational agents in educational software.
Innovations in liquidity and financial asset yields in a model of capital utilization by firms

Abstract The role of money and other financial assets in the utilization of capital goods in elucidated through an integration of portfolio and inventory approaches to the demand for money by firms. In this model, cash balances and/or financial asset withdrawals are used to fund operating costs that have a positive impact on the yield to physical capital. Financial innovations, interest rate controls, and inflation are analyzed in terms of the effects of the cost of holding cash balances and the yield and liquidity of other financial assets on the liquidity management and capital utilization decisions of a profit-maximizing firm.
Ecosystem Services from Agriculture: Looking Beyond the Usual Suspects

The lens is especially revealing when applied to agriculture, the most widespread managed ecosystem on the planet. ES are defined as "the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life" (Daily 1997). By focusing on what ecosystems do for humans, the ES concept invites analysis of what humans do to ecosystems and why they do it. Agriculture (including planted forests) conventionally supplies food, fiber, and fuel-"provisioning services" in ES parlance (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Farmers also help to maintain the natural "supporting" ES that make agriculture productive, such as pollination, biological pest regulation, and soil nutrient renewal. In theory, the same managed ecosystems that provide these marketed products could produce other types of ES if suitable incentives existed. The broad class of "regulation ES" covers climate regulation, water purity, surface water flows, groundwater levels, and waste absorption and breakdown. All of these offer benefits that are
A primer on transarterial, chemical, and thermal ablative therapies for hepatic tumors.

Abstract Background Surgical resection is the only potentially curative approach for patients with primary and metastatic liver tumors. Unfortunately, most patients with hepatic malignancy are precluded from resection due to multifocal disease, anatomic limitations, inadequate functional liver reserve, extrahepatic metastases, or medical comorbidities. Consequently, several methods of tumor ablation have been developed as alternate treatment strategies for patients with unresectable hepatic tumors or as adjuncts in total cancer therapy. The purpose of this review is to inclusively define the various ablation modalities available (transarterial, chemical, and thermal ablative), and to describe the procedures, general applications, and reported outcomes. Data Sources A MEDLINE and CINAHL search of the English-language literature was performed on transarterial, chemical, and thermal ablative therapies. Conclusions Presently, radiofrequency thermal ablation is the most widely applicable liver-directed modality for hepatic tumor ablation, enabling treatment of primary and metastatic tumors. However, other transarterial and thermoablative techniques are available with accumulating data for their use. Lacking at present are studies that define the role and potential benefit of the various liver-directed modalities in the treatment algorithm for hepatic tumors.
Adolescent drinking and driving: etiology and interpretation

In the adolescent population, drinking and driving is an important cause of injury, disability and premature death. A literature review of the demographics and etiology of drinking and drinking/driving reveals: 1) which subgroups of the adolescent population are more likely to drink and drink/drive; 2) where and why adolescents drink and drink/drive; 3) peer and family issues associated with adolescent drinking and drinking/driving; and 4) adolescent expectancies and perceived efficacies associated with drinking and drinking/driving. A discussion of the role of theory and the use of etiologic data in intervention research precedes an overview of several types of school-based alcohol-prevention programs and recommendations for more theory based interventions.
Middleware for real-time and embedded systems

Off-the-shelf middleware technology is being adapted for such mission-critical dynamic domains as online financial trading, distributed process control, even submarine information systems, avionics mission computing, radar processing, and software-defined radios.
Loneliness and cognitive function in the older adult: a systematic review.

Background: Loneliness is a significant concern among the elderly, particularly in societies with rapid growth in aging populations. Loneliness may influence cognitive function, but the exact nature of the association between loneliness and cognitive function is poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize current findings on the association between loneliness and cognitive function in older adults. Method: A comprehensive, electronic review of the literature was performed. Criteria for inclusion were original quantitative or qualitative research, report written in English, human participants with a mean age ≥ 60 years, and published from January 2000 through July 2013. The total number of studies included in this systematic review was ten. Results: Main findings from the ten studies largely indicate that loneliness is significantly and negatively correlated with cognitive function, specifically in domains of global cognitive function or general cognitive ability, intelligence quotient (IQ), processing speed, immediate recall, and delayed recall. However, some initial correlations were not significant after controlling for a wide range of demographic and psychosocial risk factors thought to influence loneliness. Conclusions: Greater loneliness is associated with lower cognitive function. Although preliminary evidence is promising, additional studies are necessary to determine the causality and biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function. Findings should be verified in culturally diverse populations in different ages and settings using biobehavioral approaches.
Analysis of linear crosstalk in photonic crossbar switches based on on/off gates

This paper presents expressions for the linear crosstalk and the resulting error rate degradation in a photonic switch based on on/off gates, considering cyclostationary interference among digital signals. The periodically time-varying interference accounts for the dependencies of error probability both on the spectrum of transmitted signals and on random bit-skews between channels. This paper quantitatively verifies the intuitions that bit-aligned channels increase the crosstalk power penalty, and that a sharp modulating pulse improves error probability. These dependencies on spectrum and bit-skews become noticeable at high crosstalk levels caused by either a low contrast ratio or a large switch size.
Interpersonal Compatibility and Workgroup Performance

Schutz hypothesized in his theory of interpersonal relations that more interpersonally compatible groups will exhibit greater productivity. Until recently, this proposition has remained largely untested for workgroups. The present study examined 22 teams of systems analysts working at the corporate headquarters of a large oil company. Interpersonal compatibility was measured by using Schuitz's standard instrument, and productivity measurements utilized paired comparisons. Ranks on the compatibility and productivity measures of paired teams were then compared. The hypothesis was not supported; in fact, the data strongly suggest the opposite notion, that more incompatible groups are likely to be judged as more productive. Reciprocal and interchange incompatibilities were found to be particularly associated with the higher-rated groups. This result suggests that moderate tension within groups, not interpersonal harmony, leads to productivity; however, task interdependence could be an important moderating var...
Dual-side and three-dimensional microelectrode arrays fabricated from ultra-thin silicon substrates

A method for fabricating planar implantable microelectrode arrays was demonstrated using a process that relied on ultra-thin silicon substrates, which ranged in thickness from 25 to 50 µm. The challenge of handling these fragile materials was met via a temporary substrate support mechanism. In order to compensate for putative electrical shielding of extracellular neuronal fields, separately addressable electrode arrays were defined on each side of the silicon device. Deep reactive ion etching was employed to create sharp implantable shafts with lengths of up to 5 mm. The devices were flip-chip bonded onto printed circuit boards (PCBs) by means of an anisotropic conductive adhesive film. This scalable assembly technique enabled three-dimensional (3D) integration through formation of stacks of multiple silicon and PCB layers. Simulations and measurements of microelectrode noise appear to suggest that low impedance surfaces, which could be formed by electrodeposition of gold or other materials, are required to ensure an optimal signal-to-noise ratio as well a low level of interchannel crosstalk.
β-Catenin Defines Head Versus Tail Identity During Planarian Regeneration and Homeostasis

After amputation, freshwater planarians properly regenerate a head or tail from the resulting anterior or posterior wound. The mechanisms that differentiate anterior from posterior and direct the replacement of the appropriate missing body parts are unknown. We found that in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, RNA interference (RNAi) of beta-catenin or dishevelled causes the inappropriate regeneration of a head instead of a tail at posterior amputations. Conversely, RNAi of the beta-catenin antagonist adenomatous polyposis coli results in the regeneration of a tail at anterior wounds. In addition, the silencing of beta-catenin is sufficient to transform the tail of uncut adult animals into a head. We suggest that beta-catenin functions as a molecular switch to specify and maintain anteroposterior identity during regeneration and homeostasis in planarians.
Prognostic Significance of Quantitative QRS Duration.

Abstract Background Although QRS duration is known to be a predictor of mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, our purpose was to evaluate the prognostic power of computer-measured QRS duration in a general medical population. Methods Analyses were performed on the first electrocardiogram digitally recorded on 46,933 consecutive patients at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 1987 and 2000. Patients with electrocardiograms exhibiting Wolff-Parkinson-White were excluded (n = 44), and those with bundle branch block or electronic pacing were considered separately, leaving 44,280 patients for analysis (mean age 56 ± 15 years; 90% were males). There were 3659 (8.3%) cardiovascular deaths (mean follow-up of 6.0 ± 3.8 years). Results A survival plot showed significant separation according to a QRS duration score. After adjustment in the Cox model for age, gender, and heart rate, the QRS duration score was a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. For every 10-ms increase in QRS duration, there was an 18% increase in cardiovascular risk. The results were similar in patients with an abnormal electrocardiogram, a bundle branch block, and a paced rhythm. Conclusion Quantitative QRS duration was a significant and independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in a general medical population.
Control of free‐radical emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate by oxygen injection. II. Experimental study

Oxygen injection has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated as an effective control measure for limiting the rate of heat release and altering the rate of polymerization in emulsion processes. A detailed mathematical model has been previously developed to describe the system behavior with and without oxygen injection. A simple lab scale apparatus was constructed and run extensively. Only trace quantities of oxygen are needed to inhibit the reaction completely. The facile response makes this method attractive for fast temperature control. However, because of the rapid penetration of dissolved oxygen into the polymer particles, growing radical chains are terminated prematurely, lowering product molecular weights. To minimize this detrimental effect, pulsed oxygen control is used and extensive experimental work was performed to determine the effects of controller set points on molecular weight. Moderate oxygen flows and moderate set point temperatures are found to give the optimal response without significant lowering of the final molecular weight. Injected quantities agree well with the order-of-magnitude sparging calculations needed to completely stop initiation. However, complete agreement between model simulations and experimental results was not reached due to an unmeasured loss of monomer from the reactor. Chain transfer to monomer is found to be important in modeling the polymer molecular weight. It has, however, a negligible effect on the reaction rate.
The northwest wall moisture study: A field study of moisture in the exterior walls of new northwest energy-efficient homes

The purpose of this study was to find out whether building the exterior walls of new homes to energy-efficient standards with more insulation (at least R-19) and an air/vapor barrier causes unacceptably high levels of moisture or related problems within walls. This was to be determined by field inspection of such homes and openings in their walls. An additional purpose of the study was to determine if any other type of moisture-related problems have occurred in the heavily-insulated, relatively airtight new homes. Fifty test homes were located in the Seattle-Olympia area, sixteen along the rainy Washington coast, and twenty in the cold Montana region. The exterior walls of the 86 newly constructed homes were opened between January and March 1987 under the worst expected conditions and inspected for signs of moisture, moisture accumulation, or moisture damage. Measurements of the moisture content of selected wood members within the wall cavities also were made. Over half of the test homes had at least one wall wood member with over 20% moisture content. Half of the mud (sill) plates and over one-third of the sheathing were equal to or above 20% moisture content. Whether the walls will dry out sufficiently during warmer weather in order to avoid wood decay and consequent structural damage is unresolved. In addition to the wall cavity moisture problems, numerous moisture-related problems were observed within the homes, primarily because of inadequate moisture control. The results and conclusions of the field study are described in detail. Future research needs also are discussed.
DECODE : Detecting co-moving wireless devices

We present the DECODE technique to determine from a remote receiver whether a set of transmitters are co-moving, i.e., moving together in close proximity. Co-movement information can find use in applications ranging from inventory tracking, to social network sensing, and to optimizing mobile device localization. DECODE detects co-moving transmitters by identifying correlations in communication signal strength due to shadow fading. Unlike localization systems, it can operate using measurements from only a single receiver. It requires no changes in or cooperation from the tracked devices other than sporadic transmission of packets. Using experiments from an office environment, we show that DECODE can achieve near perfect co-movement detection at walking-speed mobility using correlation coefficients computed over approximately 60-second time intervals.
Phase II Study of Erlotinib in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Southwest Oncology Group Study

Purpose Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) expresses high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and preclinical studies have identified antitumor activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in MPM. We conducted a phase II trial of the EGFR TKI erlotinib in previously untreated patients with MPM. Patients and Methods Patients with measurable and nonmeasurable disease were treated with erlotinib 150 mg/d on days 1 through 28 of each 28-day dosing cycle. Archived patient tumors were analyzed for immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, phospho-EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phospho–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphorylation of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Results Sixty-three patients were treated on the study. EGFR was highly expressed in 75% of patient tumors, as was phospho-ERK (82%), phospho-Akt (84%), phospho–mammalian target of rapamycin (74%), and phospho-f...
Misalignment modes in high-performance optical systems

Misalignment modes are combinations of rigid-body perturbations to the optical elements that make up an optical system. Comparison of misalignment modes associated with arbitrary metrology data and optical-system performance can be used to increase the sensitivity of those metrology measurements to specific optical-system performance specifications such as centroid distortion. Misalignment modes are compared using a mean squared error (MSE) metric. The MSE value can serve as a figure of merit by which metrology measurement parameters are optimized. Selection of measurable misalignment modes in the case of metrology and interesting misalignment modes in the case of optical- system performance is based on a determination of whether a mode can fit into a projection camera, given actuator-stroke and mirror-tilt bounds. As an example of this type of analysis, we find that in the case of an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) projection camera, exit-pupil wavefront measurements can be made more sensitive to centroid distortion if these measurements are collected at optimized field positions both inside and outside the ring field of view of such a camera.
C ++ objects for beam physics

A description is presented of a few C++ classes and applications that have been written at Fermilab for problems in accelerator physics. Described are: MXYZPTLK, beamline, AESOP, and canvas. >
Efficacy of Intra-Arterial Fibrinolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Incongruent Recanalization and Good Outcome Rates

To the Editor: Lee et al provided a useful meta-analysis of the efficacy of intra-arterial fibrinolysis as reported in randomized controlled trials.1 Several interesting observations were made regarding the effect of intra-arterial fibrinolysis on radiological and clinical end points. They show that despite a 46.8% partial or complete recanalization rate, the increase in the rate of good outcomes was only 14.8% and excellent outcomes only 13%. This was attributed to the …
Kinetics of the acid-catalyzed degradation of cellulose esters

The acid-catalyzed degradation rates of cellulose acetate and cellulose propionate in acetic and propionic acids and anhydrides have been determined by repeated viscosity measurements. Relative degradation rates could be estimated with the aid of a standardized curve that related intrinsic viscosity to extent of degradation under the assumption of pseudozero-order degradation kinetics. Degradation rates were established as functions of temperature and concentrations of water, sulfuric acid, and aliphatic anhydrides. The most surprising result was that the degradation of cellulose acetate passed through a minimum as a function of acetic anhydride concentration, whereas the degradation rate for cellulose propionate always increased with acetic anhydride or propionic anhydride concentrations. A mechanism is offered in terms of steric interaction between ester groups on the cellulose and various acidic species.
Scale of Recruitment Limitation in the Western Harvester Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract We examined the scale of recruitment limitation in the western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson). We measured colony density of 98 plots (0.25 ha) over an area of 500 ha. By applying an interpolation/extrapolation analysis to the spatial variability in colony density, we were able to accurately identify the location of two mating swarms. These two swarms were ≈1,400 m apart. Consequently, we conclude that if recruitment limitation generates variability in ecological processes such as density dependence, then variability should occur on the order of 1.5 km.
Media Frames across Stages of Health Crisis: A Crisis Management Approach to News Coverage of Flu Pandemic

Dividing a crisis management process into three stages, this study examined news coverage of swine flu crisis in terms of news frames, mortality exemplars, vaccine problems, evaluation approaches to risk magnitudes and news sources. Results revealed that various framing strategies were used in news media at different stages of the flu crisis. The frames of health risk, societal problems, political/legal issues and prevention/health education were mostly used at the pre-crisis stage, while the medical/scientific frame was regularly utilized at the post-crisis stage to highlight medical treatment and scientific research. The evaluation approaches were also employed differently. The qualitative approach was mostly used at the pre-crisis stage, while the quantitative and statistical approaches were applied frequently at the post-crisis stage. Health professionals were widely cited as news sources at each stage to increase public awareness of crisis severity, and government officials and politicians repeatedly appeared to function strategically toward the achievement of public-institution effectiveness at the pre-crisis stage.
Impact of Medication Onboarding: A Clinical Pharmacist-Run "Onboarding" Telephone Service for Patients Entering a Primary Care Practice.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the role of pharmacists during periods of transition of care. However, there are minimal studies that evaluate the impact that a pharmacist can have when a patient transitions his or her care to a new primary care provider (PCP). Objective: To assess the impact of a pharmacist-run medication “onboarding” service for patients new to a primary care (PC) practice. Methods: This prospective cohort study was approved by an institutional review board. Patients ≥50 years old and new to a PC practice were called by a pharmacist to obtain a medication list and identify any medication issues and recommendations. Recommendations were documented in the electronic medical record (EMR) and provided to the PCP prior to patients’ first appointments. After each appointment, the EMR was reviewed to determine the status of recommendations. As a comparison, the medication list and PCP’s initial appointment notes were reviewed for a similar cohort of patients not receiving a call...
Observing Nanosecond Phenomena at the Nanoscale with the Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope

The dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) [1] is a standard TEM that has been modified such that the electron beam can be operated with a single intense pulse of electrons (>108 e−) with a pulse duration of just 15 ns. The short pulse of electrons is created via photoemission at the microscope cathode. Figure 1 shows a schematic layout of the instrument with the pulsed cathode laser operating in the ultraviolet (211 nm) brought into the column through a specially made additional section. This column section has a mirror to direct the laser up to the microscope gun. The usual microscope filament is replaced by a Ta disk photocathode, however it can also be operated in thermionic emission mode for normal operation of the microscope for alignment and experiment setup. Additional modifications have also been made to the optical design of the condenser lens system.
Food distribution

Dr. Bishop gave a very interesting description of the food distribution industry and discussed its challenges to computer professionals. He mentioned that in preparation of his presentation he not only perused the library of the Super Market Institute (which houses the most extensive collection of publications on food distribution in the world), but also surveyed more than a dozen companies of various sizes throughout the U.S. In order to gather additional points of view, the Super Market Institute conducted a 1-day symposium on the challenges of the computer in food distribution. Dr. Bishop started with a basic overview of this industry.
Discovery of a Novel Bat Gammaherpesvirus.

ABSTRACT Zoonosis is the leading cause of emerging infectious diseases. In a recent article, R. S. Shabman et al. (mSphere 1[1]:e00070-15, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00070-15) report the identification of a novel gammaherpesvirus in a cell line derived from the microbat Myotis velifer incautus. This is the first report on a replicating, infectious gammaherpesvirus from bats. The new virus is named bat gammaherpesvirus 8 (BGHV8), also known as Myotis gammaherpesvirus 8, and is able to infect multiple cell lines, including those of human origin. Using next-generation sequencing technology, the authors constructed a full-length annotated genomic map of BGHV8. Phylogenetic analysis of several genes from BGHV8 revealed similarity to several mammalian gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).
Abstract 2428: Translational regulation as a therapeutic target of prostate cancer metastasis to bone

Eighty-five percent of men who die from prostate cancer have disease that has metastasized to the bone. Many changes in gene expression are acquired to allow cancer cells to gain metastatic potential. While many are changes in mRNA levels, certain translation initiation factors like eukaryotic initiation factors 4E and 4G, eIF4E binding protein-1, and mTOR are reportedly overexpressed or dysregulated in many progressive cancers_implicating them as a mechanistic feature for transformation of proliferative cancer cells into invasive and metastatic cells. Our hypothesis is that a distinct subset of mRNA that promotes cancer cells to specifically metastasize to bone is regulated at the level of translation. To support this hypothesis, we have found components of the translation machinery which are preferentially upregulated in a panel of cell lines that metastasize to bone. We also identified a novel subset of actively translated mRNA differentially expressed in either osteolytic or osteoblastic bone metastatic prostate cancer cell lines versus those that do not metastasize to bone. We used shRNA to test the effect of eIF4E on properties of bone metastasis, and found significantly reduced motility and invasion in eIF4E-knockdown cell lines and changes in tumor cell:osteoblast adhesion. When we co-cultured eIF4E-knockdown PC-3 prostate cancer cells with osteoclasts, significant differences in growth and osteoclast activation were observed. Cap-dependent translation is a desirable therapeutic target since there is potential to simultaneously affect many progression-related proteins. We screened the NIH Clinical Collection library of 450 FDA-approved drugs for inhibitors of translation. The goal of the screen was to identify a drug with an acceptable safety profile that could be quickly repositioned into clinical trials as an anti-cancer drug targeting translation. In PC-3 cells, our lead candidate drug, LS1553, inhibited phosphorylated, i.e., activated, eIF4E, 4EBP-1, S6K, and Akt levels. LS1553 is currently used to treat heart disease and is well-tolerated in patients. Other commonly prescribed drugs in its class did not inhibit components of the translational machinery, making LS1553 uniquely suited to reposition to an anti-cancer application. Additionally, LS1553 significantly inhibited key elements of cancer progression: proliferation, motility/invasion, and expression of MMP-9 and VEGF, both of which are translationally-regulated. Translational regulation is a novel mechanism of action for LS1553 and along with clinical safety and demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy, provides an exciting rationale for repositioning LS1553 to treat a variety of metastatic cancer types in which protein synthesis is dysregulated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2428. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2428
The Diagnosis of Psychopathology

Current ideas about ways of classifying mental abnormality into different diagnostic entities gradually began to assume their present form in the 19th century. These ideas were contributed by many individuals, but Kraepelin (1896) is often credited with the first modern synthesis. Details are given in several books on the history of psychiatry, such as those by Alexander and Selesnick (1966) or Zilborg (1941). Mental deficiency was eventually distinguished from mental illness, and both from behaviors defined as criminal or morally deviant. Perhaps mental illness is an inappropriate term at times, especially when the “patient” resents treatment or displays behavior that is more unconventional than deleterious to self and others. However, mental illness is not entirely the myth it was often claimed to be in the 1960s and early 1970s (Szasz, 1961).
Mexican American Women Pursuing Counselor Education Doctorates: A Narrative Inquiry.

The authors used narrative inquiry and Anzaldua's (1999) bordlerlands theory to understand the cultural experiences of 5 Mexican American women in doctoral programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. Results indicated that participants navigated multiple cultural spheres and that the doctoral program culture affected their professional identity. Implications for counselor education include engaging Mexican American women in academic activities congruent with their ethnic identities.
The authority of rules in Chile’s contentious environmental politics

ABSTRACTIn 2010 Chilean legislators replaced a small environmental coordinating agency with an Environment Ministry, an autonomous Environmental Impact Assessment Agency, an enforcement agency, and specialized tribunals. Though ambitious, the reform failed to meet the stated objective of depoliticizing environmental decision-making. Instead, the reforms strengthened the authority of the central state, justified on the premise that decisions would now be based on ‘technical criteria’, meaning rules rather than politics. Comparing the creation (1990–1994) and reform (2009–2010) of Chile’s environmental institutions, it is demonstrated that a defining feature of Chilean political culture involves treating rules as if these were independent of the state. Chilean lawmakers use rules as science is used elsewhere: as an ‘objective’ voice separate from politics, that helps legitimate decisions. Appeals to the rules were used to increase the central state’s authority and exclude local representatives, concerned co...
"Wonder Woman, a True "Woman of Valor?‚Äù It‚Äôs a Man‚Äôs World (P√©rez 1992)

This is a conference presentation on the relationship between two mythological women: Wonder Woman and the biblical Eshet Chayil (Woman of Valor).
Spatially localized, see-through-wall temperature measurements in a flow reactor using radar REMPI

See-through-wall coherent microwave scattering from resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) for rotational temperature measurements of molecular oxygen has been developed and demonstrated in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. Through limited, single-ended optical access, a laser beam was focused to generate local ionization of molecular oxygen in a heated quartz flow reactor enclosed by ceramic heating elements. Coherent microwaves were transmitted, and the subsequent scattering off the laser-induced plasma was received, through the optically opaque ceramic heater walls and used to acquire rotational spectra of molecular oxygen and to determine temperature. Both axial and radial air-temperature profiles were obtained in the flow reactor with an accuracy of ±20 K⁢(±5%). The experimental results show good agreement with a steady-state computational heat transfer model. This technique shows great potential for non-invasive, high-fidelity measurement of spatially localized temperature and radical species concentration in combustion kinetic experiments and confined combustors constructed of advanced ceramic materials in which limited or non-existing optical access hinders usage of conventional optical diagnostic techniques to quantify thermal non-uniformity.
On supporting compilation in spatial query engines: (vision paper)

Today's 'Big' spatial computing and analytics are largely processed in-memory. Still, evaluation in prominent spatial query engines is neither fully optimized for modern-class platforms nor taking full advantage of compilation (i.e., generating low-level query code). Query compilation has been rapidly rising inside in-memory relational database management systems (RDBMSs) achieving remarkable speedups; how can we bring similar benefits to spatial query engines?In this research, we bring in proven Programming Languages (PL) approaches e.g., partial evaluation, generative programming, etc. and leverage the power of modern hardware to extend query compilation inside spatial query engines. We envision a fully compiled spatial query engine that is efficient and feasible to implement in a high-level language. We describe LB2-Spatial; a prototype for a fully compiled spatial query engine that employs generative and multi-stage programming to realize query compilation. Furthermore, we discuss challenges, and conduct a preliminary experiment to highlight potential gains of compilation. Finally, we sketch potential avenues for supporting spatial query compilation in Postgres/ PostGIS; a traditional RDBMS and Spark/ Spark SQL; a main-memory cluster computing framework.