cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Sentence Recall and Past Tense Measures for Identifying Children's Language Impairments

Purpose Measures of linguistic processing and grammatical proficiency represent strong candidates for adaptation into language screeners for early elementary students. One key barrier, however, has...
Preparation of a new construct of human histone deacetylase 8 for the crystallization of enzyme-inhibitor complexes.

The metal-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical regulatory enzymes that modulate myriad cellular processes. Implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other clinical disorders, various HDAC isozymes serve as validated drug targets. However, structural similarities among the HDAC isozymes challenge efforts in targeting a single isozyme for therapeutic intervention with an inhibitor. X-ray crystallography remains the premiere technique for studying the chemistry of isozyme-selective inhibition. While crystal structures of many HDAC-inhibitor complexes have been determined, especially with the class I isozyme HDAC8, the study of complexes with large inhibitors is complicated by flexible regions of the protein structure that can hinder crystallization. Here, we outline an approach for the identification of regions in HDAC8 that may hinder crystallization. We also describe protocols for the design and preparation of a truncated HDAC8 construct, HDAC8374, that enabled the successful crystallization and structure determination of the HDAC8-Trapoxin A complex at 1.24A resolution.
Saiban-In Seido (the Lay Assessor System), Kensatsu Shinsakai (Prosecutorial Review Commission (PRC)), and Okinawa's Quest for Self-Determination and Political Sovereignty

Two new systems of lay participation in Japan -- Saiban-in saiban (the lay assessor trial) and new Kensatsu Shinsakai (Prosecutorial Review Commissions) -- will have a significant democratizing effect in Okinawa. Under the lay assessor system, local residents can become direct participants in criminal trials involving American military defendants. The new grand jury system (PRC) will have equally powerful impacts upon the prosecutor's use of discretion, largely because non-indictment decision made by local prosecutors against American military personnel or Japanese government officials will be critically assessed and may even be reversed by the citizen's panel. These lay justice systems may then help to restore a strong sense of social independence, political sovereignty, and cultural identity for the people in the island of Okinawa.
Addressing implications of culturally empowering pedagogical frameworks: The influence on language, literacy and learning for Mexican Americans and Native Hawaiians

In this study, I emphasize the need to magnify the voices of English language learners through authentic language and literacy learning using a multifaceted culturally relevant and responsive teach...
Evaluating the Use of Augmented Reality Technology to Improve Construction Management Student’s Spatial Skills

There is a continual challenge within the construction industry to achieve schedule, budget, and quality expectations at a time when projects are more complex, and their design and assembly involve...
Zeroth-Order Algorithms for Nonconvex Minimax Problems with Improved Complexities.

In this paper, we study zeroth-order algorithms for minimax optimization problems that are nonconvex in one variable and strongly-concave in the other variable. Such minimax optimization problems have attracted significant attention lately due to their applications in modern machine learning tasks. We first design and analyze the Zeroth-Order Gradient Descent Ascent (\texttt{ZO-GDA}) algorithm, and provide improved results compared to existing works, in terms of oracle complexity. Next, we propose the Zeroth-Order Gradient Descent Multi-Step Ascent (\texttt{ZO-GDMSA}) algorithm that significantly improves the oracle complexity of \texttt{ZO-GDA}. We also provide stochastic version of \texttt{ZO-GDA} and \texttt{ZO-GDMSA} to handle stochastic nonconvex minimax problems, and provide oracle complexity results.
Focal impulse and rotor modulation of atrial rotors during atrial fibrillation leads to organization of left atrial activation as reflected by waveform morphology recurrence quantification analysis and organizational index.

Background Focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM) can cause slowing, organization, and occasionally termination of atrial fibrillation (AF), although results have been mixed. To further characterize changes in AF during rotor ablation, we quantified morphologic and temporal activation changes following FIRM. Methods In patients undergoing FIRM ablation for AF, we retrospectively analyzed coronary sinus bipolar EGMs before and after rotor ablation, including EGM activation frequency and regularity, dominant frequency (DF), and organizational index (OI). Changes in EGM waveform morphology were determined with recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) consisting of recurrence rate (RR), determinism (DET), laminarity (LAM), average diagonal line length (L), and trapping time (TT) using Wilcoxon signed-rank testing. Results Overall, 36 rotors from 21 patients undergoing FIRM ablation were analyzed. All morphology RQA parameters demonstrated significant organization of atrial activation after rotor ablation (RR P = .03, DET P = .005, LAM P = .03, L P = .005, TT P = .009). The organizational index also showed a significant increase after rotor ablation (P = .01), and the change in OI correlated with changes in all morphology parameters. Of the rotors, 14/36 (39%) rotors showed organizational changes in all morphology parameters and OI, and an additional 5 rotors (19/36, 53%) showed organizational changes in 4 of 5 morphology parameters and OI. Conclusions Coronary sinus EGM waveform morphologies and activation patterns are significantly altered after FIRM ablation even when there is no fibrillatory slowing. RQA morphology analysis and organizational index may impart important information regarding underlying AF organization and may be useful in quantifying the acute response to ablation.
Can Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta Fly? Assessing Aortic Balloon Performance for Aeromedical Evacuation.

Abstract Background Noncompressible torso hemorrhage remains a leading cause of death. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) placement may occur before transport; however, its efficacy has not been demonstrated at altitude. We hypothesized that changes in altitude would not result in blood pressure changes proximal to a deployed REBOA. Methods A simulation model for 7Fr guidewireless REBOA was used at altitudes up to 22,000 feet. Female pigs then underwent hemorrhagic shock to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg. After hemorrhage, a REBOA catheter was deployed in the REBOA group and positioned but not inflated in the no-REBOA group. Animals underwent simulated aeromedical evacuation at 8000 ft or were left at ground level. After altitude exposure, the balloon was deflated, and the animals were observed. Results Taking the REBOA catheter to 22,000 ft in the simulation model resulted in a lower systolic blood pressure but a preserved MAP. In the porcine model, REBOA increased both systolic blood pressure and MAP compared with no-REBOA (P Conclusions REBOA maintained MAP up to 22,000 feet in an inanimate model. In the porcine model, REBOA deployment improved MAP, and the balloon remained effective at altitude.
Risk of Liver Dysfunction After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Background Incident liver dysfunction after left ventricular assist device implantation has been previously associated with adverse outcomes, yet data on perioperative risk markers are sparse. Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients undergoing continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implant between 2007 and 2017 at a single institution. Perioperative variables were evaluated by univariate modeling and adjusted for false discovery rate. Variables most significantly associated with incident Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support-defined liver dysfunction (INT-LD) were evaluated using logistic regression and optimal cutpoints were defined. One-year survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results We included 359 patients (79% male; mean age 59 ± 13 years; 46% ischemic; 64% destination therapy). Lower right ventricular stroke work index at the time of right heart catheterization, higher right atrial pressure 6 hours after right heart catheterization, higher preoperative total bilirubin, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and greater volume of intraoperative ultrafiltration were most strongly associated with incident INT-LD (adjusted P Conclusions Right ventricular stroke work index, right heart catheterization, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and ultrafiltration were each more strongly associated with elevated risk of INT-LD after left ventricular assist device implant than total bilirubin. Therefore, optimization of right ventricular hemodynamics and minimizing cardiopulmonary bypass time and ultrafiltration could potentially reduce the risk of liver dysfunction, but these observations require prospective validation.
Shipping Consolidation Across Two Warehouses with Delivery Deadline and Expedited Options for E-commerce and Omni-channel Retailers

Problem definition: Shipment consolidation (i.e., shipping multiple orders together instead of shipping them separately) is commonly used to decrease total shipping costs. However, when the deliver...
Quantification of Cerebral Perfusion using Laser Speckle Imaging and Infarct Volume using MRI in a Pre-clinical Model of Posterior Circulation Stroke.

Background: Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a subset of posterior circulation stroke that carries a mortality as high as 90%. The current clinical standard to diagnose ischemic stroke include computerized tomography (CT), CT angiography and perfusion and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Large animal pre-clinical models to accurately reflect the clinical disease as well as methods to assess stroke burden and evaluate treatments are lacking. Methods: We describe a canine model of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke in the posterior circulation, and developed a laser speckle imaging (LSI) protocol to monitor perfusion changes in real time. We then utilized high b-value DWI (b=1800s/mm2) MRI to increase detection sensitivity. We also evaluated the ability of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to assess arterial occlusion and correlate with DSA. Finally, we verified infarct size from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping with histology. Results: Administration of thromboembolism occluded the basilar artery as tracked by DSA (n=7). LSI correlated with DSA, demonstrating a reduction in perfusion after stroke onset that persisted throughout the experiment, allowing us to monitor perfusion in real time. DWI with an optimized b-value for dogs illustrated the stroke volume and allowed us to derive ADC and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images. The MRA performed at the end of the experiment correlated with DSA performed after occlusion. Finally, stroke burden on MRI correlated with histology. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate real time perfusion imaging using LSI of a canine thromboembolic LVO model of posterior circulation stroke, which utilizes multimodal imaging important in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.
Student Teamwork During COVID-19: Challenges, Changes, and Consequences

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected all of society, including teams in organizational settings. Collaborative teamwork is particularly susceptible to pandemic disruptions, as coordination ac...
Anesthetic Challenges in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Cardiac surgery is a highly invasive and complex field of medicine. With increasing patient need and newer technology, minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has evolved to include surgical approaches utilizing less invasive techniques than those of traditional cardiac surgery. While the fundamental principles of open cardiac surgery and MICS are similar, MICS has many short-term and long- term advantages over the traditional approach such as reduced patient discomfort, shorter ICU and hospital stay, and lower costs. Contemporary MICS can treat a variety of cardiac conditions, including classic valvular lesions and, less commonly, isolated coronary and right atrial lesions. Because of the shift toward MICS, the anesthesia provider has a greater role in the management of anesthesia during cardiac procedures and faces new challenges. The provider must be familiar with the variety of surgical incisions and approaches and the perioperative care of MICS patients. This chapter presents a broad overview of perioperative anesthetic management for MICS.
Effect of pressure on pull-off of flat 1-D rectangular punch adhered to membrane

Pressure can sometimes be utilized to increase or decrease the strength of adhesion. This phenomenon is analyzed for pull-off of a long, flat, rectangular punch from a long rectangular membrane. A ...
Rock of ages: subcultural religious identity and public opinion among young evangelicals: by Jeremiah Castle, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 2019, 240 pp, $34.95 (ppk), ISBN: 978-1439917220

American political history is filled with flashpoints, unique developments sutured to a robust marriage between religion and the culture war. These key moments have lionized evangelical Christianit...
African-American Parents' Knowledge and Perceptions About BMI Measurements, School-Based BMI Screening Programs, and BMI Report Cards: Results from a Qualitative Investigation and Implications for School-to-Parent Communication.

School-based body mass index (BMI) screenings can help parents make informed decisions about their child's health, but schools have questioned parents' understanding and attitudes about BMI measures and report cards. Although researchers have investigated minority parents' perceptions of their child'sweight,noresearchhas exploredminorityparents' knowledge and perceptions related to BMI measurements, school-based BMI screening programs, and BMI report cards. Toaddressthisgap,focusgroupswereconducted(n=20)with female Black or African-American parents/guardians from a large urban school district. Participants were asked to share their perceptions before and after receiving education about BMI measurements and screening programs. Pre-education: Many participants had heard of BMI, thought it was similar to body fat, believed screenings were intended to track students' weights and monitor eating habits, and were concerned that screenings could cause their child embarrassment. Post-edu- cation: Most participants did not object to screenings, but said they would have without education about why and how BMI measurements are taken. They also voiced concerns about lack of prior notice, confidentiality, and the need for schools to serve healthier food. Some of these findings support those of other qualitative studies of parents' concerns about BMI screenings, but no previous studies have compared parents' perceptions of screening programs pre-/post-education. The results reinforce that schools' efforts to explain what BMI measurements are as well as why and how they are taken can increase parents' confidence in the schools and level of comfort with BMI screening programs and report cards.
Race Politics in Britain and France: Perspectives on Comparative Public Policymaking: The Place of Frames

Unlocking a compelling account of race policies in Britain and France requires investigation of policy development over time. To enrich the historical narrative and to uncover the root causes of race policy outcomes, it is essential to analyze the history in light of theories of comparative public policymaking. This chapter therefore begins by outlining three prominent policymaking perspectives. A policymaking perspective refers to a school of thought that accounts for the basic nature and central elements of policymaking, be they specific actors, a theory of motivation, or a conceptualization of constraints on action. The power-interest framework, for example, views politics as a function of actors struggling to advance their interests, with outcomes determined largely by relative power resources. Problem-solving perspectives interpret politics as a search for policy solutions to concrete problems. Institutional approaches typically stress the constraining nature of existing webs of institutions on any new policy under consideration. Each of these perspectives offers useful insights into policymaking and each must be canvassed in order to understand the contours of race policymaking in Britain and France. Close examination of these perspectives reveals that as informative as each is, none can satisfactorily account for race policy outcomes in these cases. These theoretical frameworks do not successfully illuminate actors' goals or their desired policies.
SYPHILITIC OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE MANDIBLE. REPORT OF A CASE.

Abstract In the case presented here the patient had soft-tissue and osseous lesions which clinically resembled an intraoral carcinoma. On the basis of microscopic examination, serologic studies, and correlative cardiovascular and neurologic medical findings, a diagnosis of tertiary syphilis was made. Thus, the buccal soft-tissue masses and the intrabony lesion were explained on a luetic osteomyelitic basis. This case illustrates the fact that a complete diagnostic evaluation is often required before a definite diagnosis can be made.
Moving Pictures before Cinema, on Laurent Mannoni The Great Art of Light and Shadow: Archaeology of the Cinema

Laurent Mannoni _The Great Art of Light and Shadow: Archaeology of the Cinema_ Exeter, England: University of Exeter Press, 2000 ISBN 085989665X 546 pp.
Breakthroughs for 650-V GaN Power Devices: Stable high-temperature operations and avalanche capability

Many prior publications have focused on gallium nitride (GaN) dynamic Rdson issues at room temperature, even though GaN power devices have tremendous advantages over silicon (Si) when serving at high temperatures. We show that room-temperature stable dynamic Rdson behavior does not guarantee device reliability, and it is the stable high-temperature dynamic Rdson that determines the ruggedness of the GaN power devices. With our proprietary and innovative designs and optimizations of epitaxial and device structures, we show a completely different dynamic Rdson behavior in contrast to the common trend reported in the literature: a negative dynamic Rdson trend. We demonstrate robust performance and reliability of our new cascode GaN power devices in PFC tests conducted at both room and high temperatures, at high powers, at high-frequency conditions, and in a totem-pole circuit. We speculate on a physical model to explain the observed dynamic Rdson behaviors in terms of trapping, detrapping, and back-gating effects.
Multi-root, Multi-Query Processing in Sensor Networks

Sensor networks can be viewed as large distributed databases, and SQL-like high-level declarative languages can be used for data and information retrieval. Energy constraints make optimizing query processing particularly important. This paper addresses for the first time, multi-root, multi-query optimization for long duration aggregation queries. The paper formulates three algorithms - naive algorithm (NMQ), which does not exploit any query result sharing, and two proposed new algorithms: an optimal algorithm (OMQ) and a heuristic (zone-based) algorithm (ZMQ). The heuristic algorithm is based on sharing the partially aggregated results of pre-configured geographic regions and exploits the novel idea of applying a grouping technique by using the location attribute of sensor nodes as the grouping criterion. Extensive simulations indicate that the proposed algorithms provide significant energy savings under a wide range of sensor network deployments and query region options.
Mirth and laughter elicited during brain stimulation

There are few reports of laughter and/or mirth evoked by electrical stimulation of the brain. In this study, we present a patient with intractable epilepsy in whom mirth and laughter was consistently produced during stimulation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) using stereotactically placed depth electrodes. A review of the literature shows that cortical sites that produce mirth when stimulated are located in the dominant hemisphere close to language areas or cortical negative motor areas.
Connecting Patterns of Technical Change and Income Inequality

Abstract:This paper studies the empirical relationship between patterns of technical change and income inequality from historical and political economy perspectives. Growth distribution schedules are constructed to determine the type of technical change undergone in a sample of Latin American countries from 1963 to 2008. Such patterns of technical change can be grouped into redistributive and nonredistributive. The expected theoretical relation under redistributive patterns of technical change is that income inequality should decrease when this type of pattern emerges. The study empirically verifies that this relationship emerges in several periods, but this outcome is only one of the possible results of the complex interaction between patterns of technical change and historical economic and political events. Combining our study of patterns of technical change with economic history reveals that the role of political and economic coalitions needs to be incorporated to understand the complex forces that det...
Rigorous coupled-wave analysis of grating diffraction— E-mode polarization and losses

Rigorous coupled-wave theory of diffraction by dielectric gratings is extended to cover E-mode polarization and losses. Unlike in the H-mode-polarization case, it is shown that, in the E-mode case, direct coupling exists between all diffracted orders rather than just between adjacent orders.
Life history and management of the American Grayling (Thymallus Signifer Tricolor) in Montana

------3 Introduction----------------4 Description of the area---------------------------5 Species of fish present-------------------------------9 History* of grayling in the Centennial Valley -------------9 Present status of the grayling in the Centennial Valley------11 Acknowledgments-----------------------------------------15 Life history observations -------------------------------15 Spawning---------------------------------------17 Hatching and later stages-------------------------------19 Age and growth -----23 Age composition----------------------------------------25 Management ---------27 Ebqjeriment in fish removal ------------------------27 Proposed management of the Red Rock River drainage area above the Lima Dam for grayling---------36 Grayling management in other areas ------40 Summary-----------------------------------------42 Literature cited----------44
AN ESTIMATE OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL WEIGHT ON BEARING CAPACITY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT An estimate of bearing capacity coefficient Nγ for a strip footing is made using the kinematical approach of limit analysis. This approach leads to an upper bound on the true limit load when the calculations of the three terms in the bearing capacity formula are consistent with one collapse mechanism. However, as accepted in other proposals, the estimate of the influence of the soil weight is calculated here separately from the terms dependent on the cohesion and the footing depth (overburden). It is conservative to take the minimum of each term in the bearing capacity formula, rather than minimum of the sum of the three terms. Coefficient Nγ from such calculations becomes increasingly conservative (underestimated) with the increase in the soil cohesion and the footing depth. In view of using the upper-bound approach, such “all-minimum” procedure is prudent and appropriate for design. Results are given for both rough and smooth footings. A substantial influence of the dilatancy angle on Nγ was found, and this is a reason for concern, since the non-associativity of plastic deformation of soils is usually not accounted for in design. Although calculations are numerical in nature, with optimization of the failure mechanism to obtain the best estimate, closed-form approximations are suggested for practical purposes.
Range Profiles of 300- and 475-eV He + 4 Ions and the Diffusivity of He 4 in Tungsten

Range profiles for 300- and 475-eV $^{4}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ ions implanted in situ in tungsten at 60, 61, 80, 90 K were measured, directly and absolutely, employing an atom-probe field-ion microscope. A mean range ($\overline{x}$) of 40 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4 \AA{} and a parent standard deviation ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) of 20 to 36 \AA{} was obtained for 300-eV $^{4}\mathrm{He}^{+}$; values of $\overline{x}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ of 56 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 6 \AA{} and 37 to 42 \AA{}, respectively, were determined for 475-eV $^{4}\mathrm{He}^{+}$. The existence of an isolated and immobile interstitial $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ atom was established and an enthalpy change of migration of 0.24 and 0.32 eV was determined.
Partitioning of Ni/2+/ between basaltic and synthetic melts and olivines An experimental study

Olivine/liquid distribution coefficients for Ni in basaltic and simple synthetic melts are found in the 1400-1070 C temperature range. The results suggest that: (1) the Ni distribution coefficients and NiO activity coefficients are strongly temperature dependent, (2) the Ni distribution coefficients are functions of melt composition and structure at a constant temperature although the dependence is small for most basaltic magmas, (3) differences in melt composition do not significantly influence generally 'basaltic' melts, (4) the Ni distribution coefficients may be used as geothermometers to predict the olivine crystallization temperatures of basaltic magmas to within plus or minus 50 C, (5) the Ni distribution coefficients are greater than one at all natural magmatic temperatures, and (6) the Ni distribution coefficients do not significantly vary as functions of the Ni content of the melt to at least one mole percent.
On the Geography of Human Experience

In this article, I present an approach to the theoretical and empirical study of human experience based on the established model of geography. Just as we move bodily through the world, so do we mov...
Haim Beinart. The Expulsion of the Jews from Spain . Oxford and Portland, Oregon: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2002. xvii, 591 pp.

Since the 1965 publication of his Hebrew book, Conversos on Trial, Haim Beinart justifiably has been hailed as the foremost historian of medieval Sepharad. Over the next three decades, in numerous articles and books, Beinart continued to examine the last years of Jewish life in the Iberian peninsula. It was therefore with great anticipation that Haim Beinart's magisterial overview of the expulsion of the Jews from Castile and Aragon was received when it was published in 1994 in Jerusalem. Now, eight years later, the Littman Library has presented an English translation of this imposing work.
The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank: Challenges to an Effective Lender of Last Resort

The paper analyzes the challenges for the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) to be an effective lender of last resort (LOLR) as part of a modern banking crisis resolution framework. The main results from the theoretical model of the ECCB's institutional arrangement are that the majority of currency union members may veto emergency lending in the case of a member-specific shock, as such lending may endanger the stability of the currency board (by lowering the central bank's international reserves, thus raising devaluation risk). However, in the presence of contagion across countries, all currency union members have a vested interest in liquidity supply from the central bank. A key policy recommendation is that currency union members need a stronger fiscal position to continue to access international financial markets and sustain the exchange rate peg.
Behavior of the Wind Field in the Vicinity of a Cloud Cluster in the Intertropical Convergence Zone

Abstract The 5 September 1974 double cloud cluster formed in a large-scale wind field characterized by convergence of the trade winds along a line of confluence at the surface, a synoptic-scale wave in the mid-tropospheric easterlies and a difluent easterly flow near the tropopause. As the double cloud cluster matured, a closed center of cyclonic circulation formed in the surface wind field. After a time lag of several hours, the 700 mb flow developed a closed cyclonic circulation with a distinct double structure and the 200 mb flow was perturbed by a center of anticyclonic outflow. Both occurred over the region occupied by the dissipating cloud cluster. As the cloud cluster was dissipating, these wind perturbations on the scale of the cloud cluster weakened at all three levels. The wind perturbations followed a pattern similar to those produced by the 4–5 September 1974 squall-line system, suggesting that different types of cloud clusters have qualitatively similar feedbacks to their large-scale environment.
Extension of star coordinates into three dimensions

Traditional Star Coordinates displays a multi-variate data set by mapping it to two Cartesian dimensions. This technique facilitates cluster discovery and multi-variate analysis, but binding to two dimensions hides features of the data. Three-dimensional Star Coordinates spreads out data elements to reveal features. This allows the user more intuitive freedom to explore and process the data sets. Three-dimensional Star Coordinates is implemented by extending the data structures and transformation facilities of traditional Star Coordinates. We have given high priority to maintaining the simple, traditional interface. We simultaneously extend existing features, such as scaling of axes, and add new features, such as system rotation in three dimensions. These extensions and additions enhance data visualization and cluster discovery. We use three examples to demonstrate the advantage of three-dimensional Star Coordinates over the traditional system. First, in an analysis of customer churn data, system rotation in three dimensions gives the user new insight into the data. Second, in cluster discovery of car data, the additional dimension allows the true shape of the data to be seen more easily. Third, in a multi-variate analysis of cities, the perception of depth increases the degree to which multi-variate analysis can occur.
Functional characterization of rat gp600/megalin promoter: combination of proximal Sp1 site and JCV repeat is important in rat gp600/megalin promoter activation.

Abstract Gp600/megalin is an endocytic receptor belonging to the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. Up or down regulation of this protein were observed in certain disease states. To understand the mechanisms that control gp600/megalin gene expression, we cloned and functionally characterized a 738-bp fragment of the 5′-flanking region of rat gp600/megalin gene. A transcription start site was mapped to 33 bp downstream of TAGAAA sequence (TATA-like box). Multiple transcription factor binding sites were identified. Serial 5′ deletions and transient transfection assays showed that the deletion fragment containing the Sp1 site proximal to the TATA-like box and a JCV repeat retained 80% of the promoter activity. Individual mutations of the proximal Sp1 site and JCV repeat reduced the promoter activity by 60 and 34% respectively. Double mutations of the proximal Sp1 site and JCV repeat produced a dramatic 80% reduction in the promoter activity. However, deletions and mutations or double mutations of other transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region had a minor effect on the promoter activity. These results indicate that the combination of proximal Sp1 site and the JCV repeat are necessary for activation of gp600/megalin expression. Moreover, Sp1 and Sp3 proteins interacted with the proximal and the distal Sp1 sites in the nuclear extracts of gp600/megalin expressing cell lines. TCF site seems to be involved in negative regulation of this promoter but no nuclear protein(s) were found to bind to this site. In addition, Ap2 site responsible for 28% promoter activity is able to bind two dominant unknown nuclear proteins. This functional characterization of the regulation of gp600/megalin gene is likely to advance the knowledge of the regulation of this gene in health and disease.
The dictatorship of the proletariat from Plekhanov to Lenin

Among Hal Draper's many contributions to our understanding of Karl Marx's theory of revolution, one of the most important was his detailed study of the meaning of the phrase "dictatorship of the proletariat" in the Marxist tradition. Draper persuasively demonstrated that for Marx this phrase did not have the antidemocratic connotations it acquired in the twentieth century. "For Marx and Engels, from beginning to end of their careers and without any exception, 'dictatorship of the proletariat' meant nothing more and nothing less than 'rule of the proletariat,' the 'conquest of political power' by the working class, the establishment of a workers' state in the first postrevolutionary period." The slogan "did not refer to particular characteristics, methods, or institutions of pro letarian rule" ? to a type of government ? but merely indicated the class content of the future socialist state.1 For Marx and Engels, Draper argued, the dictatorship of the proletariat did not imply an authoritarian restriction of democracy. After Marx's death that phrase acquired a different connotation, and in a 1987 work ? The "Dictatorship of the Prol?tariat" from Marx to Lenin ? Draper traced the transformation of Marx's terminology into a codeword for despotic one-party rule. He argued that the Russian Social-Democrat G. V. Plekhanov "was the begetter, fons et origo, of the career of 'dictatorship of the proletariat' in the socialist movement," and that he strongly influenced the interpretation adopted by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.2 Plekhanov used the phrase more frequently than any other Social-Democrat at the end of the nineteenth century and was the first to include it in an official party program, the one adopted by the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (RSDRP) at the Second Congress in 1903. What is more, Draper argued, Plekhanov "explicitly conferred] an antidemocratic content on the 'dictatorship of the pro
Effect of steroids on neuropharmacologic blockade of ovulation in pregnant mare's serum (PMS)-primed immature rats.

Ovulation induced in 25-day-old female rats with a single injection of 3 IU PMS on day 22 was completely inhibited with 3.0 to 7.5 mg phenobarbital given subcutaneously at 1:30 PM on day 24. The injection of 4.5 mg phenobarbital on day 22 did not affect the incidence of ovulation but partial inhibition was observed when the drug was given at 1:30 PM on day 23. Phenobarbital administered at different times during day 24 up to 5:30 PM completely inhibited ovulation. The block was prevented by progesterone and other ovarian steroids if they were administered 3 hr after phenobarbital. The progesterone effect was time dependent. The blockage of ovulation by phenobarbital and other neuropharmacologic agents and prevention of the block by progesterone were demonstrated also in 30-day-old rats. The block of ovulation by the neuropharmacologic agents and prevention of the block by steroids are postulated to be due either to alteration in the biosynthesis and/or metabolism of steroids essential for the neural-pitui...
Art and Sociobiology

Sociobiology is “the systematic study of the biological basis of all forms of social behavior, in all kinds of organisms, including man”.1 The forms of social behavior displayed by man homo sapiens are vast in number and fantastically heterogeneous. But from a biological perspective none are more remarkable than those exemplified in sophisticated contemporary aesthetic practices: the practices of art and art appreciation. Can sociobiology contribute to an understanding of contemporary aesthetic practices?
Comparative epidemiology of rotavirus, subgenus F (types 40 and 41) adenovirus, and astrovirus gastroenteritis in children

We report a 5 year prospective study of episodes of rotavirus, subgenus F adenovirus, and astrovirus gastroenteritis diagnosed by electron or immune electron microscopy in a single regional virology laboratory. Of 1426 total infections, the numbers in each category were 1117 (78.3%), 254 (17.8%), and 20 (7.9%), respectively. Using restriction endonuclease analysis or immune electron microscopy, all but 20 of the subgenus F adenovirus strains were classified as type 40 (n = 50) or type 41 (n = 184). Rotavirus and astrovirus infections were more prevalent in winter than summer, whereas subgenus F (either type 40 and 41) adenoviruses showed no seasonal variation in prevalence. The ratio of type 40 to all typable subgenus F adenoviruses declined between 1984 and 1986 and then increased again. Adenoviruses were relatively more important as causes of viral gastroenteritis in infants aged less than 6 months than in toddlers aged 12 months or more, but even in young infants more rotavirus than adenovirus infections were diagnosed. Our data confirmed the epidemiological differences between rotavirus, subgenus F adenovirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis and documented the shared epidemiological characteristics of type 40 or 41 adenovirus infections.
Blast Mitigation in a Sandwich Composite Using Graded Core and Polyurea Interlayer

The dynamic behavior of two types of sandwich composites made of E-Glass Vinyl-Ester (EVE) facesheets and Corecell™ A-series foam with a polyurea interlayer was studied using a shock tube apparatus. The materials, as well as the core layer arrangements, were identical, with the only difference arising in the location of the polyurea interlayer. The foam core itself was layered with monotonically increasing wave impedance of the core layers, with the lowest wave impedance facing the shock loading. For configuration 1, the polyurea interlayer was placed behind the front facesheet, in front of the foam core, while in configuration 2 it was placed behind the foam core, in front of the back facesheet. A high-speed side-view camera, along with a high-speed back-view 3-D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system, was utilized to capture the real time deformation process as well as mechanisms of failure. Post mortem analysis was also carried out to evaluate the overall blast performance of these two configurations. The results indicated that applying polyurea behind the foam core and in front of the back facesheet will reduce the back face deflection, particle velocity, and in-plane strain, thus improving the overall blast performance and maintaining structural integrity.
Bidentate amines as bridges between M(CO)2Cl (M = Rh OR Ir) units

Abstract The preparation and characterization by elemental analysis, electronic and infrared spectroscopy are reported for the monomeric complexes cis -(amine)-M(CO) 2 Cl (M = Ir or Rh, amine = 1,8-naphthyridine or pyridazine; M = Ir, amine = o -phenylenediamine) and the binuclear species (1,8-naphthyridine)Rh 2 (CO) 4 Cl 2 , (1,8-naphthyridine)IrRh(CO) 4 Cl 2 , (pyrazine)Rh 2 (CO) 4 Cl 2 and (1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane)Rh 2 (CO) 4 Cl 2 .
Further evidence for impairment in abstract conceptualization in schizophrenia.

Oltmanns and Neale (1975) have claimed that impairment in abstract conceptualization has not been demonstrated to represent a differential deficit in schizophrenia and that sorting-test measures of impairment exhibit inadequate discriminant validity. Contrary to Oltmanns and Neale's impression, evidence supporting impairment in abstract conceptualization as a differential deficit is found in the studies of Feldman and Drasgow (1951) and Drasgow and Feldman (1957). Furthermore, examination of the relevant evidence suggests that the discriminant validity of sorting-test indices of impairment is adequate and superior to that of proverbs-test measures.
Improvement in Mechanical Properties of Clay Filled Carbon-Epoxy Composite

In the present investigation, a high intensity ultrasonic liquid processor was used to obtain a homogeneous molecular mixture of epoxy resin and K-10 MMT clay. The clay were infused into the part A of SC-15 (Diglycidylether of Bisphenol A) through sonic cavitations and then mixed with part B of SC-15 (cycloaliphatic amine hardener) using a high speed mechanical agitator. The trapped air and reaction volatiles were removed from the mixture using high vacuum. Flexural tests were performed on unfilled, 1wt. %, 2wt. %, 3 wt. % and 4 wt.% clay filled SC-15 epoxy to identify the loading effect on mechanical properties of the composites. The flexural test results indicate that 2.0 wt% loading of clay in epoxy resin showed the highest improvement in strength as compared to the neat systems. After that, the nanophased matrix with 2 wt.% clay is then utilized in a Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) set up with satin weave carbon preforms to fabricate laminated composites. The resulting structural composites have been tested under flexural and tensile loads to evaluate mechanical properties. 13.5% improvement in flexural strength and 5.8% improvement in tensile strength were observed in carbon/epoxy nanocomposite. TGA and DMA tests were also conducted to observe the thermal stability of the structural composite.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Toward Pillared Metal Sulfides: Encapsulation and Rietveld Structural Characterization of the Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)7+ 12Cluster into MoS2and WS2

Abstract The synthesis of [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]xMS2(x=0.02–0.05,M=Mo;x=0.02–0.055,M=W) was accomplished by a precipitative encapsulation technique using single layers ofMS2. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA),27Al MAS-NMR, room temperature electrical conductivity measurements, and surface area measurements. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns show an expansion of approximately 9.9 A.27Al MAS-NMR indicates that the cluster is intact between theMS2layers. One-dimensional electron density mapping and Rietveld refinement performed on the powder diffraction data show that the cluster is oriented with its C3symmetry axis perpendicular to the layers. The samples exhibit conductivity values from 3 to 14 S/cm. TGA shows that the cluster is completely stable to 100°C, and largely stable to 330°C. Surface area measurements suggest that the space between the clusters is not accessible.
Gating Ion Translocation through the Na,K-ATPase Pump

Na,K pumps behave like channels controlled by extracellular- and cytoplasmic-side gates driven to open and close alternately by coupling to a cycle of Na-mediated phosphorylation and K-mediated dephosphorylation. The marine agent palytoxin disrupts that coupling, allowing both gates to sometimes be open, thereby transforming pumps into channels. So, palytoxin enables ion-pathway characterization and assays of gating mechanisms with single-molecule resolution. Palytoxin-bound Na,K pump-channels exposed to Na solutions and millimolar cytoplasmic ATP spend ∼90% of the time open, each channel conducting millions of Na ions per second. Cysteine scanning of the transmembrane domain with small hydrophilic reagents reveals an unbranched cation-selective pathway crossing the entire membrane. Replacing external Na with K promptly shuts the extracellular-side gate, like during K transport by unmodified pumps. The high open probability of palytoxin-bound pump-channels in Na solutions falls ≥5 fold if ATP is withdrawn. Cytoplasmic AMPPNP or ADP can replace ATP - all acting with low affinity - in supporting this cytoplasmic-side gate opening, echoing acceleration of cytoplasmic K release by these nucleotides in unmodified Na,K pumps. This low-affinity, modulatory, nucleotide binding occurs electrostatically distant from the normally-phosphorylated Asp, as its mutation to Asn, Ala, or Glu leaves nucleotide affinity unaltered. The phosphate analogs BeFx or AlFx close palytoxin-bound pump-channels, apparently in all-or-none manner, quickly when ATP is absent, but slowly in millimolar ATP. This antagonism reflects modulatory nucleotide binding because ADP or AMPPNP mimic it, and it persists after mutating the phosphate-acceptor Asp to Asn. Thus BeFx or AlFx binds most tightly to pump-channel conformations with the cytoplasmic-side gate shut, despite bound palytoxin. Modulatory nucleotide binding, therefore, apparently favors cytoplasmic-side gate opening by weakening the cytoplasmic N-, P-, and A-domain interactions that stabilize gate closure, but modulation fails when BeFx strengthens those interactions. [HL36783]
RESOURCE ROOM SUPPORT SERVICES FOR REGULAR TEACHERS

In order to assess the delivery of support services from resource room teachers to regular elementary teachers involved in mainstreaming learning dis- abled students, a list of 26 services was developed from the literature. The Index of Support Services was distributed to 228 regular educators who were asked to rate the importance and frequency of occurrence of each service. The results indicated that regular teachers rated nine support services as critical for effective mainstreaming. However, only two services, remedial instruction in the resource room and informal student progress meetings, were provided with any degree of regularity. Training in consultation skills at the college level and public school administrative support are discussed as means of alleviating the discrepancy between needed and delivered resource room support services.
International migrations of South American sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelidae)

Abstract Three species of sea turtles (the leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea ; the green turtle, Chelonia mydas ; and the olive ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea ) nest abundantly in the Guianas, especially on the beaches adjacent to the mouth of the Marowijne River. Tagging demonstrated that green turtles nesting in Surinam are recruited from feeding grounds in or near the State of Ceara, Brazil, while olive ridleys, after nesting in Surinam, spread out over 3800 km of the coast of northern South America. A single tagged leatherback was recovered in Ghana.
Prospective evaluation of the left main coronary artery using digital two-dimensional echocardiography

Recent clinical studies emphasize the importance of identification of patients with left main coronary artery obstruction. Although two-dimensional echocardiography can detect left main coronary artery disease, the technique requires frame by frame analysis, as no single frame provides all the necessary information. To determine if newly available computer-based digital processing techniques could overcome some of these technical difficulties, 119 consecutive patients were prospectively evaluated with two-dimensional echocardiography before coronary angiography. Acontinuous loop recording of the left main coronary artery was recorded as it passed through the ultrasonic beam in the short-axis view. Starting at a point when the vessel was first visualized, the ensuing eight consecutive fields, each 17 ms apart, were captured in digital format, thus providing a series of parallel, sequential, longitudinal slices of the left main coronary artery as it traversed the imaging plane. This was successfully accomplished in 100 (84%) of the 119 consecutive patients. By angiography, 16 patients (16%) had greater than 50% narrowing of the left main coronary artery. Digital echocardiography correctly identified 15 of these 16 patients (94% sensitivity) and accurately localized the lesion in 12 (80% ) of 15. Of 84 patients without significant left main coronary artery obstruction, digital echocardiography correctly identified 78 (93% specificity). It was concluded that computer-based digital processing techniques can be applied to two-dimensional echocardiography to allow reliable visualization of the left main coronary artery. The technique provides more information than a single still frame and allows accurate noninvasive detection and possible localization of left main coronary artery lesions.