cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nowe stanowisko najwyższego wizenu w SW części Gór Swiętokrzyskich

Omowiono litologie, szczątki organiczne i stratygrafie utworow karbonu wystepujących pod permem gornym w otworze Sitkowka 1. Uzasadniono zaliczenie utworow do poziomu Goniatites granosus , ktory nie byl dotychczas znany z synkliny bolechowickiej. Wyniki badan rzutują na stan rozpoznania profilu stratygraficznego i facjalno-paleogeograficzny rozwoj karbonu w Gorach Świetokrąskich. A NEW LOCALITY OF THE UPPERMOST VISEAN IN SW PART OF THE GORY SWIĘTOKRZYSKIE MTS. The borehoJe Sitkowka 1, made in the Bolechowice Syncline, encountered black claystones of the Visean, occurring at depth of 163.8-170.0 m beneath the Zechstein (Fig. 1). Organic remains are fairly common throughout the Carboniferous section and 34 taxa (besides miospores) were identilied here (Table 1). Ostracodes assigned to the genus Rectonaria are most similar in morphological structure to those of the species R. brevicornuta B l u m e n s t e n g e l. There were found two species hitherto unknown in Poland: Earlandia consternatio C o n k i n and Streblochondria fuhrmanni W e y e r. The analysis of stratigraphic ranges of the recorded genera and species made it possible assignation of the deposits to the Upper Visean as well as the Goniatites granosus zone. Up 10 the present, only Tournaisian deposits were known in the Bolechowice Syncline (H. Żakowa, 1967; G. Freyer, H. Żakowa, 1967). In the area of Paleozoic outcrops in the Gory Świetokrzyskie Mts. the Goniatites granosus zone has been evidenced in the Galezice Syncline only (H. Żakowa, 1971). The analysis showed that claystones from the borehole Sitkowka 1 cannot be correlated with top part of the Galezice section (where organic material is no longer present) but rather with basal part of that section. Attention should be paid to the presence of small pyritized gastropods. Such gastropods were also found in lower part of the section Goy in the Galezice Syncline and their presence was explained as related to an algal meadow enironment (A. Gromczakiewicz, H. Żakowa, 1968). The Sitkowka cJaystones also yield miospore assemblage the same as the younger assemblage from rocks of the Goniatites granosus zone in the Galezice Syncline (A. Jachowicz, H. Żakowa. 1969).
Test of a GPS Radiosonde in Thunderstorm Electrical Environments

Meteorological radiosondes that use navigation systems to determine winds (and horizontal location) can be susceptible to data loss in thunderstorm environments. This paper reports on tests of a radiosonde that uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) for windfinding. Tests were made by flying the GPS radiosonde into three thunderstorms on free balloons that also carried an electric field meter and a long-range navigation (loran) radiosonde of a type previously tested. The GPS radiosonde performed without any significant loss of wind or thermodynamic data in in-storm maximum electric fields of up to2104 kV m21. Also, no obvious deleterious effect on radiosonde data was found from the presence of nearby lightning. The radiosonde was further tested in a laboratory-produced electric field in an ambient atmospheric pressure of about 70 kPa, in which the radiosonde functioned normally in a vertical electric field up to 160 kV m21 and in a horizontal electric field up to 100 kV m21, the respective maximum applied. Radiosondes that were sprayed with water to simulate flight in rain performed correctly in an electric field of 135 kV m 21—the maximum that could be applied safely. The hypothesized reason for the excellent windfinding performance in high electric fields is partly the very short antenna length needed for GPS reception. Other factors, which could not be assessed in this study, may include the inherent low-noise susceptibility of the GPS signals and the processing circuitry. The tests showed that the GPS radiosonde obtains wind data in larger electric fields than does the loran radiosonde. It is concluded that GPS radiosondes will acquire windfinding data in most, if not all, thunderstorm and nonthunderstorm clouds that contain high electric fields. The thermodynamic data were also very good in the large electric fields.
Special Feature an Implementation Guide to a Proposed Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic

This guide to an IEEE draft standard provides practical algorithms for floating-point arithmetic operations and suggests the hardware/software mix for handling exceptions.
On the one-dimensional theory of blood flow in the larger vessels

Abstract A theory of one-dimensional flow is derived to include outflow due to branching and/or vessel permeability. A result of the derivation is that an outflow term appears in the momentum balance as well as the equation of mass conservation. Even in a simplified version of the momentum balance the outflow term remains, a fact evidently unnoticed thus far, and it is proposed that this equation replace that previously used. The derivation proceeds without resource to assumptions of axisymmetry, broadening the field of potential applications of the theory to the venous circulation, and it is shown that only a minor change is engendered by this generalization.
Involving Parents in School Process through the Ethnographic Method

(1995). Involving Parents in School Process through the Ethnographic Method. Kappa Delta Pi Record: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 17-19.
The pupil and headaches.

SYNOPSIS Pupillography before and after Cocaine eye drops was performed in twenty patients subject to vascular headaches. 65% had anisocoria which after Cocaine eye drops increased to 90%. The smaller pupil was not necessarily on the hemicrania side. Lid droop was observed in nine patients. In ten, the eyelid droop persisted after Cocaine eye drops. The pupil size was not significantly smaller than in a normal group and it was round in all but two cases. These findings suggest that patients with cluster and migraine headache have a subtle chronic sympathetic deficiency which affects both the pupil and eyelid. This deficiency may increase during the acute phase, at times causing a prominent Horner Syndrome. Adrenaline deficiency is locally responsible for these changes. No significant changes were found between cluster and vascular headache patients in this small sample. Pupillography and sympathomimetic eye drops are objective tests in the diagnosis of vascular headache in clinically difficult cases; they are a painless expedient procedure.
Variables in the high-performance anion-exchange chromatography of proteins.

Abstract The effect of mobile phase velocity, separation time, support pore diameter, column length, and temperature on resolution and loading capacity of a new commercially available high-performance anion-exchange support, SynChropak AX-300, has been examined. This material is a macroporous spherical silica of 10 μm particle size with a bonded polymeric amine layer. It was found that the heterogeneity of ovalbumin samples, combined with bovine serum albumin, make them useful probes in evaluation of anion-exchange supports. In the columns of 4.1 mm i.d., the highest resolutions of proteins were achieved at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. Up to 10 mg of protein per injection could be applied on a 4.1 × 250 mm AX-300 column with good resolution. Columns of 50 mm length had one-tenth the protein load capacity of a 250-mm column, retaining approximately 75% of the resolution.
Inappropriate use of albino animals as models in research

Abstract Sensory-neural, biochemical-metabolic, and physiological anomalies occur in albino mammals. There are ontogenic and biochemical parallels between the senses, peripheral nervous system, endocrine glands, metabolism, and melanin pigmentation. All albino mammals examined have abnormal optic systems. Many drugs cannot be adequately evaluated in an albino model because of melanin's ability to bind and interact with some chemicals. There is evidence that a general reduction in melanin pigment is correlated with a paucity of amino acids necessary for normal chemical function of the brain. There is a high probability that enzyme levels indicative of metabolic performance are deficient in the liver and kidneys of albinos. Congenital defects are associated with hypopigmentation in animal models and human syndromes. Melanin is found in abundance in the eye, inner ear, and midbrain where neural impulses are initiated indicating a possible role as an electrophysiologic mechanism. Microwave irradiation differentially affects albino and pigmented animals. Implications of these observations and other reports of anomalies associated with hypopigmentation suggest caution in the use of albino and other hypomelanotic animals as normal models in biological research.
X/gamma-ray measurements of total activity in environmental samples without prior knowledge of isotopic abundance

Abstract The assay of transuranics in environmental samples by L X-ray spectrometry has a basic limitation. Since X-rays characterize the elements and not the isotopes, the total α-activity of the parent elements cannot be determined without prior knowledge of the isotopic composition. This limitation can usually be overcome by also measuring the weak intensity, low-energy (35–50 keV) γ-rays emitted in the parent decay. Although the statistical uncertainty in such measurements can be high, the uncertainty in the total activity as determined from L X-ray measurements, is much lower as a result of what we call the Peter-Paul effect. A soil sample from Rocky Flats containing 70 pCi/g239,240Pu with 240Pu/239Pu ≈ 0.1 was measured with our Si(Li)NaI(Tl) prototype X/γ-ray spectrometer. The results are in good agreement with radiochemical analysis.
The role of perceived control and gender in consumer reactions to download delays

Abstract An empirical study finds that perceived control strongly mediates the effects of perceived speed of a Web site download on consumers' attitudes and intentions to use the Web site. Moreover, results show that men are more likely to react positively to the perceived speed of a Web site download, whereas women are more likely to base their reactions on perceptions of control in the context of download delays. In contrast to past online research, the gender differences are intrinsic in two ways—they are context independent, and they are not caused by length of Internet experience, extent of Internet usage, or type of Internet connections.
Analysis of time to event outcomes in randomized controlled trials by generalized additive models.

Background Randomized Controlled Trials almost invariably utilize the hazard ratio calculated with a Cox proportional hazard model as a treatment efficacy measure. Despite the widespread adoption of HRs, these provide a limited understanding of the treatment effect and may even provide a biased estimate when the assumption of proportional hazards in the Cox model is not verified by the trial data. Additional treatment effect measures on the survival probability or the time scale may be used to supplement HRs but a framework for the simultaneous generation of these measures is lacking. Methods By splitting follow-up time at the nodes of a Gauss Lobatto numerical quadrature rule, techniques for Poisson Generalized Additive Models (PGAM) can be adopted for flexible hazard modeling. Straightforward simulation post-estimation transforms PGAM estimates for the log hazard into estimates of the survival function. These in turn were used to calculate relative and absolute risks or even differences in restricted mean survival time between treatment arms. We illustrate our approach with extensive simulations and in two trials: IPASS (in which the proportionality of hazards was violated) and HEMO a long duration study conducted under evolving standards of care on a heterogeneous patient population. Findings PGAM can generate estimates of the survival function and the hazard ratio that are essentially identical to those obtained by Kaplan Meier curve analysis and the Cox model. PGAMs can simultaneously provide multiple measures of treatment efficacy after a single data pass. Furthermore, supported unadjusted (overall treatment effect) but also subgroup and adjusted analyses, while incorporating multiple time scales and accounting for non-proportional hazards in survival data. Conclusions By augmenting the HR conventionally reported, PGAMs have the potential to support the inferential goals of multiple stakeholders involved in the evaluation and appraisal of clinical trial results under proportional and non-proportional hazards.
Regulation of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase

Isolated rabbit liver branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase was inhibited in a mixed manner relative to ATP by alpha-ketoisocaproate, alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, alpha-ketocaproate, alpha-ketovalerate, and alpha-chloroisocaproate with I40 values (mM), respectively, of 0.065, 0.49, 2.5, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.08. The concentration (mM) of alpha-ketoisocaproate, alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate, and alpha-ketoisovalerate needed to activate branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase in the perfused rat heart to 50% of total activity was 0.07, 0.10, and 0.25, respectively. Isolated branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase was inhibited (I40 values, mM) by octanoate (0.5), acetoacetyl-CoA (0.01), methylmalonyl-CoA (0.2), NADP+ (1.5), and heparin (12 micrograms/ml). The kinase activity, in the presence or absence of ADP, was inhibited approximately 30% by 0.1 mM isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA, and malonyl-CoA, while not affected by NAD+ and NADH (1 mM), CoA, acetyl-CoA, methylcrotonyl-CoA, crotonyl-CoA, beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA, octanoyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, and propionyl-CoA (0.1 mM). The following compounds at 2 mM also did not inhibit branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase; acetate, propionate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetoacetate, malonate, alpha-ketomalonate, succinate, citrate, oxaloacetate, FAD, and NADPH. These findings help explain the unique effects of Leu compared with Val and Ile on branched-chain amino acid metabolism and the differences between control of the kinases associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase and branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase.
Mg.ATP primes superoxide-generating responses in electropermeabilized neutrophils.

Abstract The present study utilizes an electropermeabilized cell system to determine the effect of Mg.ATP on neutrophil superoxide ( O 2 − )-generating responses stimulated by suboptimal concentrations of fMLP, GTPγS and PMA. Permeabilization in the presence of exogenously added Mg.ATP was neither sufficient to initiate O 2 − release nor necessary for stimulated O 2 − production. However, the inclusion of Mg.ATP in the permeabilization medium primed the O 2 − -generating responses mediated by suboptimal concentrations of these stimuli. The site of action of Mg.ATP is intracellular. Moreover, the fact that Mg.ATP primes responses stimulated by fMLP, GTPγS and PMA suggests that the modulatory effect is at the level of protein kinase C.
Acute Responses to Salinity for Sunshine Bass and Palmetto Bass

Abstract Differences in salinity tolerance and osmoregulatory performance between sunshine bass (white bass Morone chrysops ♀ × striped bass M. saxatilis ♂) and palmetto bass (striped bass ♀ × white bass ♂) were evaluated by using direct-transfer toxicity testing and monitoring of plasma osmolality during salinity elevation. The 24-h LC50 (concentration lethal for 50% of test animals) for sunshine bass was a salinity of 27.9‰ with a 95% lower and upper confidence interval (CI) of 24.5‰ to 36.2‰. The 24-h LC50 for palmetto bass was 28.0‰ with a 95% CI of 26.2‰ to 30.8‰. Test temperatures during this interval ranged from 19.6°C to 21.7°C, and the LC50 values for both crosses did not differ significantly. Differences in osmoregulatory performance were determined by sampling blood plasma osmolality (mmol/kg) during a stepwise elevation in salinity from freshwater to 52‰. Plasma osmolality of sunshine bass was significantly higher at 11‰, but osmolality of palmetto bass was higher at 41‰ and 52‰. Sunshine bass...
The surgical treatment of substernal goiter

Abstract Substernal goiter remains a common consideration in the differential diagnosis of a mediastinal mass. Given the potential for serious goiter-related complications as well as the inability to rule out associated malignancy, it has been our policy to treat all substernal goiters surgically over the past 20 years. During the period from 1972 to 1992, 101 patients with the major component of their goiters below the thoracic inlet underwent thyroidectomy. The most common symptoms were related to airway compression (82%) and dysphagia (37%). In addition, there was a 13% incidence of malignancy and a similar occurrence of thyrotoxicosis in this group of patients. Although total thyroidectomy was performed only for malignant goiters during the first decade, 71% of patients had total thyroidectomies during the second and, with a few exceptions, all procedures were done through a cervical incision. No patient developed permanent hypoparathyroidism, although two developed permanent unilateral vocal cord palsies. Surgical treatment is a safe procedure with rare mortality (none in this series) and low morbidity. Total thyroidectomy was not associated with added morbidity and it eliminates the possibility of recurrent goiter.
A Novel Non-SET Domain Multi-subunit Methyltransferase Required for Sequential Nucleosomal Histone H3 Methylation by the Mixed Lineage Leukemia Protein-1 (MLL1) Core Complex

Gene expression within the context of eukaryotic chromatin is regulated by enzymes that catalyze histone lysine methylation. Histone lysine methyltransferases that have been identified to date possess the evolutionarily conserved SET or Dot1-like domains. We previously reported the identification of a new multi-subunit histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase lacking homology to the SET or Dot1 family of histone lysine methyltransferases. This enzymatic activity requires a complex that includes WRAD (WDR5, RbBP5, Ash2L, and DPY-30), a complex that is part of the MLL1 (mixed lineage leukemia protein-1) core complex but that also exists independently of MLL1 in the cell. Here, we report that the minimal complex required for WRAD enzymatic activity includes WDR5, RbBP5, and Ash2L and that DPY-30, although not required for enzymatic activity, increases the histone substrate specificity of the WRAD complex. We also show that WRAD requires zinc for catalytic activity, displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and is inhibited by S-adenosyl-homocysteine. In addition, we demonstrate that WRAD preferentially methylates lysine 4 of histone H3 within the context of the H3/H4 tetramer but does not methylate nucleosomal histone H3 on its own. In contrast, we find that MLL1 and WRAD are required for nucleosomal histone H3 methylation, and we provide evidence suggesting that each plays distinct structural and catalytic roles in the recognition and methylation of a nucleosome substrate. Our results indicate that WRAD is a new H3K4 methyltransferase with functions that include regulating the substrate and product specificities of the MLL1 core complex.
Convergent-beam electron-diffraction-pattern symmetry of nanodomains in complex lead-based perovskite crystals

Convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) recorded using nanometre-sized probes, in principle, can detect the highest symmetry in a crystal. However, symmetry reduction may occur by overlapping crystal domains along the beam direction. Thus, delineating the relationship between the recorded and the crystal symmetry is important for studying crystals with complex nanodomains. This paper reports a study of the averaged local symmetry of 71°/109° rhombohedral (R), 90° tetragonal (T) and 180° monoclinic (M) nanodomain structures. The averaged symmetry of nanodomain structures is investigated by CBED simulations using the multislice method. The simulation results show that the 71°-R, 109°-R and 90°-T nanodomain structures partially mimic the monoclinic symmetries of Cm and Pm that have been proposed by the adaptive phase model. This study is also compared to the reported experimental CBED patterns recorded from PMN-31%PT.
Pulmonary blastoma. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of a case

The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a case of pulmonary blastoma in a 39-year-old woman are documented. Three types of cells were observed: epithelial, mesenchymal and ‘blastomatous'. The latter stained with intermediate filament antibodies similar to those of mesenchymal and epithelial elements, thus supporting the hypothesis that this tumour is derived from a pluripotent undifferentiated element.
Artificial neural network features for speaker diarization

Speaker diarization finds contiguous speaker segments in an audio recording and clusters them by speaker identity, without any a-priori knowledge. Diarization is typically based on short-term spectral features such as Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). Though these features carry average information about the vocal tract characteristics of a speaker, they are also susceptible to factors unrelated to the speaker identity. In this study, we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture to learn a feature transform that is optimized for speaker diarization. We train a multi-hidden-layer ANN to judge whether two given speech segments came from the same or different speakers, using a shared transform of the input features that feeds into a bottleneck layer. We then use the bottleneck layer activations as features, either alone or in combination with baseline MFCC features in a multistream mode, for speaker diarization on test data. The resulting system is evaluated on various corpora of multi-party meetings. A combination of MFCC and ANN features gives up to 14% relative reduction in diarization error, demonstrating that these features are providing an additional independent source of knowledge.
Evaluation of a Double-Tracer Autoradiographic Technique for the Measurement of Both Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Local Cerebral Blood Flow

A solvent washout technique is evaluated that could be used to remove one 14C tracer after a combined autoradiographic CMRglu and CBF study using [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP). The technique permits the simultaneous measurement of local CBF and local CMRglu in the same animal without the use of the short-lived tracers of iodine, 123I and 131I, for iodoantipyrine labeling. This report shows that brain tissue sections did not retain 14C from [14C]2DG when chloroform was used as the washout solvent. Chloroform washing removes nearly all the 14C from [14C]IAP. For this study, careful attention was given to the control, prewash measurement of 14C concentration.
Phosphorylation of Ser24 in the pleckstrin homology domain of insulin receptor substrate-1 by Mouse Pelle-like kinase/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase: cross-talk between inflammatory signaling and insulin signaling that may contribute to insulin resistance

Inflammation contributes to insulin resistance in diabetes and obesity. Mouse Pelle-like kinase (mPLK, homolog of human IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)) participates in inflammatory signaling. We evaluated IRS-1 as a novel substrate for mPLK that may contribute to linking inflammation with insulin resistance. Wild-type mPLK, but not a kinase-inactive mutant (mPLK-KD), directly phosphorylated full-length IRS-1 in vitro. This in vitro phosphorylation was increased when mPLK was immunoprecipitated from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-treated cells. In NIH-3T3(IR) cells, wild-type mPLK (but not mPLK-KD) co-immunoprecipitated with IRS-1. This association was increased by treatment of cells with TNF-alpha. Using mass spectrometry, we identified Ser(24) in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of IRS-1 as a specific phosphorylation site for mPLK. IRS-1 mutants S24D or S24E (mimicking phosphorylation at Ser(24)) had impaired ability to associate with insulin receptors resulting in diminished tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and impaired ability of IRS-1 to bind and activate PI-3 kinase in response to insulin. IRS-1-S24D also had an impaired ability to mediate insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 in rat adipose cells. Importantly, endogenous mPLK/IRAK was activated in response to TNF-alpha or interleukin 1 treatment of primary adipose cells. In addition, using a phospho-specific antibody against IRS-1 phosphorylated at Ser(24), we found that interleukin-1 or TNF-alpha treatment of Fao cells stimulated increased phosphorylation of endogenous IRS-1 at Ser(24). We conclude that IRS-1 is a novel physiological substrate for mPLK. TNF-alpha-regulated phosphorylation at Ser(24) in the pleckstrin homology domain of IRS-1 by mPLK/IRAK represents an additional mechanism for cross-talk between inflammatory signaling and insulin signaling that may contribute to metabolic insulin resistance.
Introduction to the special issue on "psychological research and practice in organ transplantation".

This paper provides a brief overview of articles in this Special Issue on “Psychological Research and Practice in Organ Transplantation.” The articles provide empirical information on the psychological adaptation of transplant candidates and recipients, as well as addressing the myriad ethical and clinical issues evident in the field of organ transplantation. Heart, liver, lung, kidney, and bone marrow transplantation for children and adults has increased in frequency in recent years, and the articles address the need for more sophisticated and comprehensive assessment of psychological concomitants. The Guest Editor's “Top Ten” list of research needs which transplantation psychologists might further address is discussed in this article.
Two-Phase Vorticoacoustic Flow Interactions in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors

Two-phase e ow interactions with vorticoacoustic oscillations in simulated solid-propellant rocket motors have been studied numerically using a combined Eulerian ‐Lagrangian approach. The model accommodates the complete conservation equations in axisymmetric coordinates and, consequently, allows for a detailed treatment of particle dynamics and unsteady motor internal e ow evolution. Emphasis is placed on the interphase coupling between the gas and particle e elds under the ine uence of acoustic excitation and turbulence dispersion and the intraphase interactions among particles such as collision and coalescence. The study demonstrates that acoustic oscillations provide additional mechanisms to transfer energy from periodic motions to turbulence, leading to an enhanced level of turbulence intensity and an early transition from laminar to turbulence. On the other hand, turbulence-induced eddy viscosity tends to suppress vortical e ow motions caused by acoustic waves. The thermal and momentum relaxation times of particles, along with acoustic characteristic time, play an important role in dictating thetwo-phase e ow interactionswith oscillatory motorinternal e ows. Amaximum attenuation of acoustic waves occurs when those timescales become comparable. Small particles, however, usually exert greater ine uence on thedispersion ofacousticwave through its effectivemodie cation of mixturecompressibility. Particleintraphase interactions are signie cant mainly in situations with a wide range of particle size distribution.
Prevention of the Dawn Phenomenon (Early Morning Hyperglycemia) in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus by Bedtime Intranasal Administration of a Long-Acting Somatostatin Analog

Current evidence indicates that resistance to insulin due to nocturnal secretion of growth hormone plays an important role in the Dawn phenomenon and that day-to-day variability in growth hormone secretion makes this condition difficult to manage. We therefore assessed the effect of a long-acting somatostatin analog (L363,586) on overnight plasma glucose and growth hormone levels in six patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The analog (600 micrograms) was administered intranasally at bedtime to determine whether the inconvenience of an additional injection could be avoided. Compared to control experiments, in which saline was administered intranasally, overnight increases in plasma glucose concentrations were reduced in all subjects by nearly 70% (48 +/- 19 v 148 +/- 26 mg/dL, P less than .01), plasma growth hormone was maintained at basal levels throughout the night (less than 2 v 8 to 12 ng/mL, P less than .01), and the analog was well tolerated. We conclude that pharmacologic blockade of growth hormone secretion may be a helpful approach to management of the Dawn phenomenon when it cannot be done safely and effectively by adjusting insulin doses.
Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with (C2H5)3PO and (CH3O)2P(S)Cl at 296 ± 2 K

The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with (C2H5O)3PO and (CH3O)2P(S)Cl and of the reactions of NO3 radicals and O3 with (CH3O)2P(S)Cl have been studied at room temperature. Using a relative rate technique, the rate constants determined for the reactions of the OH radical with (C2H5O)3PO and (CH3O)2P(S)Cl at 296 ± 2 K and 740 torr total pressure of air were (5.53 ± 0.35) × 10−11 and (5.96 ± 0.38) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. Upper limits to the rate constants for the NO3 radical and O3 reactions with (CH3O)2P(S)Cl of <3 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and <2 × 10−19 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively, were obtained. These data are compared and discussed with previous literature data for organophosphorus compounds.
Development and Evaluation of an e-portfolio for Use in a Dietetic Internship Program

Abstract A template for e-portfolios was developed, and the resultant portfolios utilized, as a tool for formative and summative assessment of students’ progress in a dietetic internship program. Required assignments were posted to each student's portfolio pages, along with a daily log/journal which encouraged the students to identify learning objectives met and to reflect upon their experiences in practice. One year and three year evaluations showed that interns were able to successfully complete e-portfolios utilizing this format. Feedback from the interns indicated that overall the e-portfolios were viewed favorably.
Effect of diesel particulate exposure on adenylate and guanylate cyclase of rat and guinea pig liver and lung

An examination of the effects of 250 or 1500 micrograms m-3 concentrations of diesel particulate from diesel exhaust on the activity of adenylate or guanylate cyclase was undertaken using liver and lung tissue of rats and guinea pigs. These membrane and cytosolic enzymes were selected to screen for functional or regulatory alterations in these tissues. The studies for adenylate cyclase used the microsomal membrane fraction of each tissue; for guanylate cyclase, the microsomal membrane and supernate fractions were used. Basal and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were measured. Basal and sodium azide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity were also determined. The basal activity of rat liver adenylate cyclase is generally unchanged throughout 52 weeks of diesel exposure. Stimulated adenylate cyclase shows an age-related decrease for all animal treatments throughout the study. Changes in enzyme activity occurred at 12 weeks and 52 weeks after 1500 micrograms m-3 exposure. Soluble stimulated guinea pig lung guanylate cyclase was first increased (6 weeks) and then decreased (24 weeks) by diesel exposure. At 52 weeks, there was no change. The data suggest the following trends: (1) an increased basal adenylate cyclase in the rat lung; (2) an age-related decrease in adenylate cyclase activity in rat liver, and (3) a biphasic exposure-related response of soluble guanylate cyclase for the guinea pig lung during the first 24 weeks, but no change at 52 weeks. In general, however, these studies suggest that diesel exposure does not substantially alter either of these intracellular regulating enzymes.
Ruthenium Derivatives of NiS2N2 Complexes as Analogues of Bioorganometallic Reaction Centers

Recent results from structural biology demonstrate the catalytic significance of Ni(SR)2L2 centers attached to a second metal that binds CO, in particular the NiFe hydrogenases and acetyl CoA synthase. In experiments aimed at developing bimetallic derivatives exhibiting an affinity for CO, we have studied Ru(II) derivatives of nickel diaminodithiolates and the reactivity of these complexes toward CO and other small molecules. The reaction of [Cp*Ru(NCMe)3]OTf and NiS2N2 (S2N2 = N,N‘-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N,N‘-dimethyl-1,3-diaminoethane) gives [Cp*Ru(NiS2N2)]2(OTf)2 ([1]2(OTf)2), which exists as a monomer−dimer equilibrium in MeCN solution. Crystallographic analysis of [1]2(OTf)2 reveals a centrosymmetric dication with the Ru being quasi-octahedral and the NiS2N2 coordination sphere being relatively planar, the metal centers being linked via pairs of μ2-SR and μ3-SR units. Complex [1]22+ oxygenates and sulfidizes with O2 and S8, respectively, to give [Cp*Ru(NiS2N2)(η2-E2)]+ (E = O, S), which were characteri...
LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 Microchannel Spatial Light Modulators

The Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator (MSLM) is a relatively new, highly sensitive, optically-addressed light modulator that is being developed for low-level-light, real-time, optical information processing. This Paper presents an update of recent progress on the development of the MSLM. Vacuum-sealed and demountable devices employing electro-optic crystals of LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 respectively, are evaluated. These devices are found to have similar characteristics. A halfwave exposure sensitivity of 8.4 nJ/cm2 and a long-term optical information storage time of more than two weeks have been demonstrated with the vacuum-sealed LiTaO3 device; the demountable LiNbO3 MSLM has been cycled at 10 frames per second.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The making of a smoke-free medical center.

The concept of smoke-free medical facilities is in its formative stages, and such policies have received broad support. Although smoking has been restricted at Mayo Medical Center for many years, in 1986 it was decided that the medical center should become smoke free. This report summarizes the methods used in developing and implementing a smoke-free policy. This experience suggests that with proper planning, the implementation can be smooth. The message being given to patients and staff concerning the health risk of smoking is now more consistent, and there has been wide acceptance of the policy by staff and patients. It is concluded that such a policy can be effectively implemented, if it is well planned and supported. (JAMA1989;261:95-97)
Dielectric constant and low-frequency infrared spectra for liquid water and ice Ih within the E3B model.

Two intrinsic difficulties in modeling condensed-phase water with conventional rigid non-polarizable water models are: reproducing the static dielectric constants for liquid water and ice Ih, and generating the peak at about 200 cm−1 in the low-frequency infrared spectrum for liquid water. The primary physical reason for these failures is believed to be the missing polarization effect in these models, and consequently various sophisticated polarizable water models have been developed. However, in this work we pursue a different strategy and propose a simple empirical scheme to include the polarization effect only on the dipole surface (without modifying a model's intermolecular interaction potential). We implement this strategy for our explicit three-body (E3B) model. Our calculated static dielectric constants and low-frequency infrared spectra are in good agreement with experiment for both liquid water and ice Ih over wide temperature ranges, albeit with one fitting parameter for each phase. The success of our modeling also suggests that thermal fluctuations about local minima and the energy differences between different proton-disordered configurations play minor roles in the static dielectric constant of ice Ih. Our analysis shows that the polarization effect is important in resolving the two difficulties mentioned above and sheds some light on the origin of several features in the low-frequency infrared spectra for liquid water and ice Ih.
Understanding Parent Participation in a Going-to-Scale Implementation Trial of the Early Risers Conduct Problems Prevention Program

We examined parent participation in the context of a going-to-scale implementation trial of the evidence-based, multi-component Early Risers conduct problems prevention program. In this study we examine the participation of parents in two parent/family-focused components of Early Risers that were delivered over 2 years across 21 rural school sites with 155 primarily Caucasian families. One component is a standardized “Parent Skills” curriculum delivered at participating schools and the second component delivers “Family Support” via tailored case management services through school and non-school site contacts. The study examines predictors of parent participation for each parent-focused component using multilevel modeling analyses. Previous research is extended by examining parent participation within the context of a going-to-scale trial and by looking at a broader array of child/parent/family and implementation context predictors. Parent participation in Parent Skills is predicted by higher level of parent’s frustration in parent–child relationships, while their participation in Family Support is related to lower family income. Implementers with higher previous work experience with children/families and lower education levels, as well as those manifesting more extroverted and less agreeable personality characteristics, elicit more participation in Parent Skills. Greater participation in Family Support is also predicted by lower levels of implementer neuroticism. Finally, implementers who achieve higher quality of delivery fidelity have greater participation in Parent Skills and a lower level of adherence fidelity predicts more participation in Family Support. The results are discussed within the context of going-to-scale service provision and in terms of implications for future prevention efforts.
Onset of convection in a vertical slab of saturated porous media between two impermeable conducting blocks

Abstract The onset of natural convection in a vertically oriented, finite thin slab of saturated porous material is considered. The slab is embedded between two impermeable conducting blocks of finite dimension. A vertical temperature difference is imposed between the upper and lower horizontal surfaces of the slab and blocks, and a linear temperature distribution is imposed on the outer vertical surfaces of the blocks. This configuration is used to model convection in a saturated, fractured rock zone like that associated with faulting. A linear stability analysis is developed for both convection in the slab and conduction in the block. The objective of the study is to obtain the critical Rayleigh number and mode of convection in the slab. When the block and the slab widths are both small compared to the other two dimensions one finds a large number of tall, narrow, three-dimensional cells. In contrast, a block of relatively large width promotes the formation of longer wavelength, weakly three-dimensional cells in the slab at a much lower Rayleigh number. The difference is related to the character of the temperature distribution in the solid block.
Claw-free graphs. I. Orientable prismatic graphs

A graph is prismatic if for every triangle T, every vertex not in T has exactly one neighbour in T. In this paper and the next in this series, we prove a structure theorem describing all prismatic graphs. This breaks into two cases depending whether the graph is 3-colourable or not, and in this paper we handle the 3-colourable case. (Indeed we handle a slight generalization of being 3-colourable, called being ''orientable.'') Since complements of prismatic graphs are claw-free, this is a step towards the main goal of this series of papers, providing a structural description of all claw-free graphs (a graph is claw-free if no vertex has three pairwise nonadjacent neighbours).
Inertial Taylor columns on a beta plane

An investigation is conducted concerning the lowest-order effect of variable Coriolis parameters on Taylor-column formation, taking into account the flow over a bump on a beta plane. The model considered involves a two-layer fluid on a beta plane. The governing equations for the two layers are discussed along with the characteristics of the general solutions, solutions for two retrograde currents, solutions for two prograde currents, experiments related to the single-layer problem, and the geophysical implications of the results of the investigation.
Subaltern Studies in Retrospect and Reminiscence

This essay aims to provide a context for the intellectual project of ‘subaltern history’ and the associated series, Subaltern Studies, by undertaking a retrospective description and evaluation of the project and by drawing on the history of Dipesh Chakrabarty's personal involvement in it. It also attempts to outline some of the limitations of the original conception of the project as well as highlight some of its more enduring legacies.
Tumor-derived, chaperone-rich cell lysate activates dendritic cells and elicits potent antitumor immunity.

We have utilized a free-solution isoelectric focusing technique (FS-IEF) to obtain chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) fractions from clarified tumor homogenates and have previously reported on their vaccinating potential. To better understand the underlying mechanisms as well as to improve on the immunizing efficacy of tumor-derived chaperone complexes, in the present study we examined the effects of CRCL-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) against 12B1, an aggressive bcrabl murine leukemia tumor. We found that DCs incubated with 12B1-derived CRCL had higher expression of CD40 and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) on their cell surface, produced more interleukin-12 (IL-12), and had superior immunostimulatory capacity in a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) when compared with DCs exposed to unfractionated tumor lysate or purified heatshock protein 70 (HSP70). Vaccination of mice with 12B1 CRCL‐pulsed DCs significantly prolonged their survival, with more than 80% of mice rejecting their tumors following a lethal challenge with live 12B1 compared with those immunized with tumor lysate or HSP70-loaded DCs. The protective immunity generated was tumor specific, long lasting, and both CD4 and CD8 T-cell dependent. Moreover, immunization with CRCL-loaded DCs resulted in a 75% cure rate in mice with pre-existing 12B1 tumors. Our findings indicate that CRCL has prominent adjuvant effects and is a very effective source of tumor antigen for pulsing DCs. FS-IEF‐ derived CRCL-pulsed DCs are a promising anticancer vaccine that warrants clinical research and development. (Blood. 2003;101:4485-4491)
Multi-transceiver simulation modules for free-space optical mobile ad hoc networks

This paper presents realistic simulation modules to assess characteristics of multi-transceiver free-space-optical (FSO) mobile ad-hoc networks. We start with a physical propagation model for FSO communications in the context of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). We specifically focus on the drop in power of the light beam and probability of error in the decoded signal due to a number of parameters (such as separation between transmitter and receiver and visibility in the propagation medium), comparing our results with well-known theoretical models. Then, we provide details on simulating multi-transceiver mobile wireless nodes in Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), realistic obstacles in the medium and communication between directional optical transceivers. We introduce new structures in the networking protocol stack at lower layers to deliver such functionality. At the end, we provide our findings resulted from detailed modeling and simulation of FSO-MANETs regarding effects of such directionality on higher layers in the networking stack.
A systematic approach for supply chain conflict detection with a hierarchical Petri Net extension

Coordinating and managing distributed entities in a supply chain is a challenging task due, in part, to conflicts present in such systems. If not handled effectively, the conflict can degrade the performance of the system as a whole due to the fact that each individual entity may be working towards goals that sub-optimize the integrated system. Therefore, the ability to discover conflicts would be a valuable asset, particularly if the discovery occurred proactively. This paper presents a methodology, extending the concept of basic Petri Nets, to discover supply chain conflict before they occur and cause detrimental effects to system performance. The approach involves linking hierarchical levels of the supply chain system and detecting conflicts occurring when the single entities, each optimized for it own operations, are combined together in a supply chain. These conflicts are not obvious or intuitive in examining the single entities of the supply chain, but when integrated the conflicts are discovered by the methodology. We applied the proposed methodology on a real-world supply chain to illustrate the validity of the tool. Although, further research is needed to fully explore this method of conflict detection, we believe that this research does indeed provide some much needed insight into the daunting task of conflict discovery and therefore proactive handling of these potentially negative occurrences in the supply chain.
Molecular biology of phytochrome

Abstract. One approach to elucidating the mechanism of phytochrome action is to characterize thoroughly the phytochrome molecule. This approach has added to our understanding of phytochrome action by demonstrating that distinct phytochrome molecules predominate in etiolated and green plants, by allowing determination of the complete amino acid sequences of Avena Sativa L. (oat) and Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini) phytochrome, by indicating that phytochrome is unlikely to be a membrane spanning protein, and by providing evidence that phytochrome may be a protein kinase. Phytochrome has also proved useful as a model system in which to study the regulation of gene expression in plants. Expression of the phytochrome genes appears to be regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels and thus affords an opportunity to investigate the carefully controlled regulation of a gene that has a central role in plant development.
A Taxonomy of Monitoring in Business-to-Business Relationships

We provide an empirical taxonomy of monitoring based on our sample of 162 single-unit franchisees in diverse business settings. This resulted in four basic approaches to monitoring: High-Threat, Limited Scope; Middle-of-the-Road; Hands-On, High-Threat; and Hands-Off. We found that (1) different situational factors call for different types of monitoring, and (2) certain types of monitoring can enhance fairness perceptions in relationships while others weaken them. This study helps us better understand why previous studies resulted in conflicting findings as to the efficacy of monitoring as a tool for ensuring that agents comply with their contractual agreements.