cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The modulation of membrane Ia on human B lymphocytes.

Abstract Using flow cytometry techniques, changes in surface Ia (DR and DS) expression on human B lymphocytes were correlated with changes in the cell cycle following stimulation with anti-μ. The effect of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, B-cell growth factor (BCGF), and interferons on Ia expression on resting B cells was also examined. A population of resting B lymphocytes was cultured in vitro with 100 μg/ml of anti-μ and immunofluorescently stained for DR and DS at various times following stimulation. Detectable increases in DR and DS expression were found within 8 hr, and the major increases (twofold and fourfold) in DR and DS expression occurred over the next 48 hr. Using cell cycle inhibitors and propidium iodide staining, it was demonstrated that the enhanced DR and DS expression following anti-μ stimulation began during G 0 to G 1 transition and increased as the cells progressed through G 1 phase. During S and G 2 /M phases, there were minimal further increases in surface Ia. Although prolonged exposure of B cells to anti-μ was required for cellular activation, cell size enlargement, and progression into S phase, a brief exposure to anti-μ, insufficient for cellular activation, markedly enhanced Ia expression. Thus anti-μ-stimulated resting human B lymphocytes rapidly increase their surface Ia expression. This increase occurs predominantly prior to entrance into S phase and can occur in the absence of significant cellular activation. Interferons have been reported to modulate surface Ia expression on a human lymphoid cell line and on monocytes and supernatants with BCGF activity to enhance surface Ia expression on murine B cells; however, neither α-interferon, γ-interferon, IL-1, IL-2, nor BCGF modified surface DR expression on normal resting human B cells.
News media's relationship with stereotyping: The linguistic intergroup bias in response to crime news

This paper examines the linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) in the context of people’s interpretations of a race-related television news story. The LIB suggests that people use more abstract language to describe stereotype-congruent behaviors, particularly when that person is a member of an out-group. This study of 208 White adults manipulates the race of a suspect in a TV news crime story and examines how race influences the abstractness of the language viewers use to describe the suspect. The findings offer support for the LIB being induced by crime news and show that news media use is significantly related to the presence of the LIB. This suggests that stereotypical news coverage may subtly influence the interpretations people make about members of other social groups.
Remembering André Weitzenhoffer, Ph.D.

Abstract Andre M. Weitzenhoffer, Ph.D., died peacefully at his Reno home on February 24, 2005, with his wife Mildred by his side. He was 84 years old… Andre was preceded in death by his first wife, Geneva and his younger sister Roselyn. His legacy lives on through his wife Mildred, son Mark (Beverly), daughter Janet Laxalt (Paul), stepson Tom Childers (Jane), stepdaughter Ann Nealson (Dennis), sister Jackie (John) and numerous grandchildren, cousins, nieces, nephews and friends (obituary written by Mildred Hinson Weitzenhoffer and published in the Reno Journal Gazette, Reno, NV, March 6, 2005).
Lipids in psychological research: the last decade.

We review the recent literature examining lipid changes during stressful experiences, and the psychological and constitutional differences that influence lipid levels at rest and that may modulate lipid response to stress. Mild forms of chronic or episodic stress are apparently not associated with alterations in lipids and lipoproteins, but severe forms of real or perceived stress do appear to alter lipid levels. Acute laboratory stress is frequently associated with short-term alterations in lipids and lipoproteins, but the significance of these changes is unclear. Several individual characteristics, such as heightened neuroendocrine or autonomic reactivity to Stressors, Type A component behavior, and other aspects of personality, appear to be associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. Stress may influence lipid concentrations and metabolism through a variety of physiological and behavioral mechanisms, but none have been clearly elucidated. Future research should concentrate on understanding these mechanisms.
Polarization state effects in third-harmonic generation with applications in microscopy and ultrashort pulse measurement

We show that a simple plane wave analysis can be used even under tight focusing conditions to predict the dependence of third-harmonic generation on the polarization state of the incident beam. Exploiting this fact, we then show that circularly polarized beams may be used to spatially characterize the beam focus and temporally characterize ultrashort pulses in high numerical aperture systems by experimentally demonstrating, for the first time, novel collinear, background-free, third-harmonic intensity autocorrelations in time and space in a high numerical aperture microscope.
High-Performance Partnering by Self-Managed Teams in Manufacturing

AbstractThis article reports on a major motorcycle manufacturer that was experiencing increasing levels of customer and employee dissatisfaction as a result of a critical inability to keep up with product demand. The manufacturer introduced self-managed work teams, work system integration of design, and process implementation strategies, which are well on the way to becoming the standard for the industry. This article reports on and describes a high-performance work system infrastructure employed to successfully implement the transformation from a traditional assembly line to self-managed team-based production.
Optically Active Metasurface with Non-Chiral Plasmonic Nanoantennas

We design, fabricate, and experimentally demonstrate an optically active metasurface of λ/50 thickness that rotates linearly polarized light by 45° over a broadband wavelength range in the near IR region. The rotation is achieved through the use of a planar array of plasmonic nanoantennas, which generates a fixed phase-shift between the left circular polarized and right circular polarized components of the incident light. Our approach is built on a new supercell metasurface design methodology: by judiciously designing the location and orientation of individual antennas in the structural supercells, we achieve an effective chiral metasurface through a collective operation of nonchiral antennas. This approach simplifies the overall structure when compared to designs with chiral antennas and also enables a chiral effect which quantitatively depends solely on the supercell geometry. This allows for greater tolerance against fabrication and temperature effects.
Ab initio cluster calculations of the electron density and electric field gradient in corundum

Ab initio calculations have been performed using mixed basis sets on two clusters carrefully designed to model bulk corundum. Computational results on the clusters are compared with crystal Hartree-Fock results and with experiment for the deformation electron density and for the electric held gradient at the oxygen nucleus. Inclusion of polarization functions on central oxygen atoms in the clusters results in quantitative agreement with electron distribution derived from X-ray diffraction data
Modulation of brain stem electrical activity by visceral (urinary bladder) distension.

Abstract In 32 acute experiments in the cat a correlation between sudden changes in the bladder pressure and the electrical activity of the brain was observed. In the waking state an increasing intravesical pressure served as an alerting stimulus to the nonspecific ascending brain stem mechanisms resulting in further desynchronization of the EEG record. In contrast, hypersynchrony in the form of spindle-like activity occurred at the peak pressure or more commonly during the fall of bladder pressure. When spindle activity was present in the background record an increased intravesical pressure often triggered a spindle before arousal of the electrical pattern took place. In these instances the hypersynchrony induced during the fall of intravesical pressure was considerably enhanced. Less consistent results were obtained from distension of other hollow viscera.
Factors controlling the concentrations of thirteen rare metals in sea-water

Abstract The following factors controlling the concentrations of thirteen metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Bi, Cd, Ni, Co, Hg, Ag, Cr, Mo, W, V) in sea-water were studied: 1. (1) precipitation of insoluble compounds with ions normally present in aerated sea-water, 2. (2) precipitation of sulphides locally in reducing environments, 3. (3) adsorption by ferrous sulphide, hydrated ferric oxide, hydrated manganese dioxide, apatite, clay, and organic matter. The precipitation reactions were investigated first by calculations based on solubility data, and then by experiments in which equilibrium concentrations of the metal ions were determined in sea-water in contact with their precipitates. Adsorption was measured by adding or precipitating the various adsorbents in sea-water samples containing an excess of one of the metal ions. The principal conclusions are: 1. (1) Sea-water is greatly undersaturated with respect to all thirteen metals; in other words, precipitation of compounds with the ions normally present in aerated sea-water, even under extreme conditions of temperature and pH, cannot be responsible for the observed concentrations. 2. (2) Local precipitation of sulphides is a possible control mechanism for seven of the elements (Cu, Zn, Hg, Ag, Cd, Bi, Pb), but is probably not the chief control, because the concentrations are unrelated to sulphide solubilities. 3. (3) Adsorption is a possible mechanism for all elements except V, W, Ni, Co, and Cr; if Cr is assumed to be removed by local reduction and precipitation of the hydroxide, and the other four metals by organic reactions, the existing concentrations can be fairly adequately accounted for. Adsorption processes supplemented by organic reactions also furnish a qualitative explanation for the distribution of rare metals in sedimentary rocks of marine origin. These conclusions can probably be extended to other metals in the middle of the periodic system, but not to those on either side.
Relevant inputs analysis and its applications

In this paper we develop a dynamic analysis, named relevant input analysis, that characterizes the role and strength of inputs in the computation of different values during a program execution. The role indicates whether a computed value is derived from an input value or its computation is simply influenced by an input value. The strength indicates if role (derived or influenced) relied upon the precise value of the input or it is among one of many values that can play a similar role. While it is clear that the results of our analysis can be very useful for the programmer in understanding relationships between inputs and program behavior, we also demonstrate the usefulness of the analysis by developing an efficient delta debugging algorithm. Other applications of relevant input analysis include assisting in generating test inputs and detection of security holes.
Practice Site Readiness for Interprofessional Education (PRIPE): Instrument development and pilot study

Abstract Objective To describe the development and pilot study of the Practice Site Readiness for Interprofessional Education (PRIPE) instrument. Methods The 30-item PRIPE instrument was developed to assess the structural and procedural readiness of experiential pharmacy practice sites for interprofessional education (IPE) using the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) as a main source of inspiration. A pilot study of PRIPE was conducted via investigator-led, structured interviews of geriatric and pediatric experiential preceptors. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the results. Results Twenty interviews were completed, yielding a response rate of 51.3%. There was an equal distribution of geriatric and pediatric preceptors; 55% were faculty and 45% were adjunct. All practice sites were found to train other health care professional students (nursing 95%; medical 55%; social work 35%; physical therapy 25%; occupational therapy, physician assistant, and psychology 20%; dentistry 15%; and public health 0%). Journal clubs and topic discussions emerged as opportunities to expand IPE. Over 50% of preceptors reported frequently meeting the IPEC core competencies related to communication (listen, exchange ideas, and use respectful language), teamwork (use complimentary abilities, build relationships, and share accountability and patient-centered problem-solving), and roles/responsibilities (clarify responsibilities). Of the preceptors, 80% of them reported that their practice met the definition of interprofessionality. Conclusions PRIPE is a useful instrument to identify potential IPE collaborators and collaboration-friendly IPE activities at experiential practice sites as well as to assess the frequency with which critical IPEC core competencies are being met. The authors envision academic and practice site administrators utilizing PRIPE as a quality control measure.
Indications and outcomes of corneal transplantation in geriatric patients.

Purpose To identify the most common corneal transplant procedures, indications, coexisting ocular diseases, and outcomes in elderly patients, and to compare younger geriatric patients with super-geriatric patients. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Data of all patients 65 years old and older who underwent corneal transplantation at Wills Eye Institute from April 2007 to January 2013, and were followed up for at least 1 year, were collected. Two hundred seventy-one eyes of 253 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the age of the patient. Results Group I (65-79 years old) included 181 eyes and Group II (80 years and older) included 90 eyes. The most common indication was Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, with 78 eyes (43%) in Group I and 34 eyes (38%) in Group II. In Group I, 93 Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) (51%), 84 penetrating keratoplasty (PK) (46%), and 4 keratoprosthesis procedures(2%) were performed; in Group II, 37 DSEK (41%), 51 PK (57%), and 2 keratoprosthesis procedures (2%) were performed. Graft survival rate at last visit was 90% for Group I and 88% for Group II. Rejection occurred in 18 Group I eyes (10%) and 7 Group II eyes (8%) ( P = .562). Conclusion Endothelial abnormalities were more common indications and keratoconus was a less common indication for surgery in the elderly. Fuchs dystrophy was the leading indication for surgery in both super-geriatric and younger geriatric patients. Graft survival rate was slightly higher in the younger geriatric age group but was not statistically significant. In the elderly, there is an increased prevalence of both glaucoma and retinal diseases that can affect the visual outcomes after corneal transplantation.
ASSOCIATION OF "NATURAL" ANTIBODIES TO GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA WITH THE γ1-MACROGLOBULINS

"Natural" antibodies to representative species of Enterobacteriaceae were found to be principally associated with the γ1-macroglobulin prepared from Cohn fraction III-I of pooled human plasma. The amount of antibodies present was estimated by measuring the bactericidal, hemagglutinating, mouse-protective, and opsonophagocytic activities of this fraction. Comparison with the antibody activity of γ2-globulin of Cohn fraction II showed that up to 100 times more antibody activity on a weight basis was present in the macroglobulin fraction. These findings suggest that differences between natural and immune antibody result from the physicochemical properties of 2 different classes of immune globulin.
Improving Structural Testing of Object-Oriented Programs via Integrating Evolutionary Testing and Symbolic Execution

Achieving high structural coverage such as branch coverage in object-oriented programs is an important and yet challenging goal due to two main challenges. First, some branches involve complex program logics and generating tests to cover them requires deep knowledge of the program structure and semantics. Second, covering some branches requires special method sequences to lead the receiver object or non-primitive arguments to specific desirable states. Previous work has developed the symbolic execution technique and the evolutionary testing technique to address these two challenges, respectively. However, neither technique was designed to address both challenges at the same time. To address the respective weaknesses of these two previous techniques, we propose a novel framework called Evacon that integrates evolutionary testing (used to search for desirable method sequences) and symbolic execution (used to generate desirable method arguments). We have implemented our framework and applied it to test 13 classes previously used in evaluating white-box test generation tools. The experimental results show that the tests generated using our framework can achieve higher branch coverage than the ones generated by evolutionary testing, symbolic execution, or random testing within the same amount of time.
Multi-scale triangular patch high impedance ground plane to improve the bandwidth of conformal bow-tie antennas

We demonstrate the realization and performance of a conformal bow-tie antenna printed on a multi-scale triangular element mushroom structure high-impedance ground-plane (HIGP). The two-scale HIGP was designed to exhibit a large frequency band-gap to cover the relatively broad operational frequency bandwidth of the bow-tie antenna. HIGP elements were chosen to be triangular to form a natural commensurate blending of the bow-tie into the structure. We characterize the experimental performance of the bow-tie-HIGP combination from 2-10GHz and demonstrate that the negative effects of a perfect electric conductor ground-plane may be mitigated by using a HIGP.
Photoacoustic microscopy of blood pulse wave

Blood pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important physiological parameter that characterizes vascular stiffness. In this letter, we present electrocardiogram-synchronized, photoacoustic microscopy for noninvasive quantification of the PWV in the peripheral vessels of living mice. Interestingly, blood pulse wave-induced fluctuations in blood flow speed were clearly observed in arteries and arterioles, but not in veins or venules. Simultaneously recorded electrocardiograms served as references to measure the travel time of the pulse wave between two cross sections of a chosen vessel and vessel segmentation analysis enabled accurate quantification of the travel distance. PWVs were quantified in ten vessel segments from two mice. Statistical analysis shows a linear correlation between the PWV and the vessel diameter which agrees with known physiology.
Strings in the η Carinae Nebula: Hypersonic Radiative Cosmic Bullets

We present the results of a numerical study focusing on the propagation of a hypersonic bullet subject to radiative cooling. Our goal is to explore the feasibility of such a model for the formation of “strings” observed in the Carinae Homunculus nebula. Our simulations were performed in cylindrical symmetry with the adaptive mesh refinement code AstroBEAR. The radiative cooling of the system was followed using the cooling curve by Dalgarno & McCray (1972). In this letter we discuss the evolution and overall morphology of the system as well as key kinematic properties. We find that radiative bullets can produce structures with properties similar to those of the Carinae strings, i.e. high length-to-width ratios and Hubble-type flows in the form of a linear velocity increase from the base of the wake to the bullet head. These features, along with the appearance of periodic “ringlike” structures, may also make this model applicable to other astrophysical systems such as planetary nebulae, e.g. CRL 618 and NGC 6543, young stellar objects, etc. Subject headings: circumstellar matter — stars: individual ( Carinae) — stars: mass-loss — ISM: jets and outflows — planetary nebulae: individual (CRL 618)
Monte Carlo Study of Etching at Silica-Water Interface

A surface adsorption-diffusion-reaction model is proposed and tested by Monte Carlo simulations. The solvent shell effect is considered as a geometric constraint and the Langmuir adsorption mechanism is also incorporated. An anomalous power law of t1/2 is obtained for the amount of material removed from the surface vs. time. The result agrees well with etching experiments of SAM on a silica surface. We conclude that the unusual power law results from an interplay of vacancy growth and fusion at the surface.
Inelastic Neutron Scattering on 160Gd

The nature of low-lying excitations, K =0 + bands in deformed nuclei remain enigmatic in the field, especially in relationship to quadrupole vibrations. One method of characterizing these states beyond excitation energies is through measurements of abso- lute transition probabilities. In the rare earth region of deformation, there are five stable Gd isotopes, 154 Gd, 156 Gd, and 158 Gd have been studied to obtain B(E2) values, a fourth, 160 Gd is the focus of this work. We have examined 160 Gd with the (n;n 0 ) reaction and neutron energies up to 3.0 MeV to confirm known 0 + states.
The dead do not lie: using skeletal remains for rapid assessment of historical small-mammal community baselines

Conservation and restoration efforts are often hindered by a lack of historical baselines that pre-date intense anthropogenic environmental change. In this paper I document that natural accumulations of skeletal remains represent a potential source of high-quality data on the historical composition and structure of small-mammal communities. I do so by assessing the fidelity of modern, decadal and centennial-scale time-averaged samples of skeletal remains (concentrated by raptor predation) to the living small-mammal communities from which they are derived. To test the power of skeletal remains to reveal baseline shifts, I employ the design of a natural experiment, comparing two taphonomically similar Great Basin cave localities in areas where anthropogenic land-use practices have diverged within the last century. I find relative stasis at the undisturbed site, but document rapid restructuring of the small-mammal community at the site subjected to recent disturbance. I independently validate this result using historical trapping records to show that dead remains accurately capture both the magnitude and direction of this baseline shift. Surveys of skeletal remains therefore provide a simple, powerful and rapid alternative approach for gaining insight into the historical structure and dynamics of modern small-mammal communities.
Sphingolipids and lifespan regulation

Diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and immune dysfunction and neurodegeneration become more prevalent as we age, and combined with the increase in average human lifespan, place an ever increasing burden on the health care system. In this chapter we focus on finding ways of modulating sphingolipids to prevent the development of age-associated diseases or delay their onset, both of which could improve health in elderly, fragile people. Reducing the incidence of or delaying the onset of diseases of aging has blossomed in the past decade because of advances in understanding signal transduction pathways and cellular processes, especially in model organisms, that are largely conserved in most eukaryotes and that can be modulated to reduce signs of aging and increase health span. In model organisms such interventions must also increase lifespan to be considered significant, but this is not a requirement for use in humans. The most encouraging interventions in model organisms involve lowering the concentration of one or more sphingolipids so as to reduce the activity of key signaling pathways, one of the most promising being the Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase pathway. Other potential ways in which modulating sphingolipids may contribute to improving the health profile of the elderly is by reducing oxidative stresses, inflammatory responses and growth factor signaling. Lastly, perhaps the most interesting way to modulate sphingolipids and promote longevity is by lowering the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. Available data in yeasts and rodents are encouraging and as we gain insights into molecular mechanisms the strategies for improving human health by modulating sphingolipids will become more apparent. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
Global business drivers: aligning information technology to global business strategy

The alignment of worldwide computer-based information systems and integrated business strategies is critical to the success of multinational firms in a highly competitive global market. In this paper, information technology (I/T) solutions are explored that drive firms toward making economic decisions based on worldwide distributed knowledge. These solutions focus on a number of entities (or global business drivers) that identify where a firm can benefit most from the management and application of the technology. A variety of approaches for overcoming the barriers and risks of applying this technology are also discussed.
A New Design of Bloom Filter for Packet Inspection Speedup

Bloom filter is a space-efficient randomized data structure for group membership query. It is widely used in networking applications which involve the packet header/content inspection. To provide fast membership query operation, this data structure resides in the main memory in most of its applications. Each membership query consists hashing for a set of memory addresses and memory accesses at these locations. In this paper, we propose a new design of Bloom filter in which every two memory addresses are squeezed into one I/O block of the main memory. With the burst-type data I/O capability in the contemporary DRAM design, the total number of memory I/O's involved in the membership query is reduced by half. Therefore, the average query delay can be reduced significantly. The cost of using this new design is a negligible increment of false positive rate as shown by both analysis and simulation.
Synthesis of reversible circuits for testing with universal test set and C-testability of reversible iterative logic arrays

Reversibility is of interest in the design of very low-power circuits; it is essential for quantum computation. This paper examines the testability of an important subclass of reversible logic circuits that are composed of k-wire controlled NOT (k-CNOT) gates. Most commonly used stuck-at fault model (both single stuck-at fault (i.e. SSF) and multiple stuck-at fault (i.e. MSF)) has been assumed to be type of fault for such circuits. We define a universal test set (UTS) for a family C(n) of n-input circuits with respect to fault model F as a family of test sets T/sub UTS/ such that each C(n) has a unique test set T(n) in T/sub UTS/ that detects all F-type faults in every member of C(n). We show that if k /spl ges/ 2 for all gates, then the n-wire reversible circuits have a UTS of size n with respect to MSFs. By synthesizing 0-CNOT (inverters) and 1-CNOT gates from 2-CNOT (Toffoli) gates this result can be extended to all circuits of interest. We also present a method for modifying an n-wire reversible circuit to reduce its UTS size to 3. By modeling a k-CNOT gate as a k-input AND gate and a 2-input EXOR gate we then examine testability for the SSF model. Noting their resemblance to classical (irreversible) Reed-Muller circuits, which are well known to be easily testable, we prove that the n-wire reversible circuits have a UTS of size n/sup 2/ + 2n + 2. Finally, we turn to the reversible counterparts of another easily-testable classical circuit family, iterative logic arrays (ILAs). We define d-dimensional reversible ILAs (RILAs) and prove that they require a constant number test vectors irrespective of array length under the single cell fault (i.e. SCF) model; this number is determined by the size of the RILA cell's state table.
A reputation-based method for detection of attacks in Virtual Coordinate based Wireless Sensor Networks

Virtual Coordinate (VC) based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are susceptible to attacks resulting from malicious modification of VCs of individual nodes. While the impact of some such attacks is localized, others such as coordinate deflation and wormholes (tunneling) can cause severe disruptions. A comprehensive solution for detection of such attacks is presented that combines Beta Reputation System and a reputation based routing scheme. Latter ensures safe communication that bypasses malicious nodes during detection process. Attacks are identified by detecting changes in shape of network using topology maps. The topology distortion is rated using clusters identifiable by existing VCs thus requiring low computation and communication overhead. Simulation based evaluations demonstrate that the scheme efficiently detects deflation and wormhole attacks. The detection scheme easily differentiates between the changes in the network due to node failures, e.g., caused by battery drain, from those due to an attack.
Right Care for the Right Patient Each and Every Time.

PURPOSE To implement a biometric patient identification system in the field of radiation oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A biometric system using palm vein scanning technology has been implemented to ensure the delivery of treatment to the correct patient each and every time. By interfacing a palm vein biometrics system (PVBS) (PatientSecure®, Imprivata, Lexington, Massachusetts) with the radiation oncology patient management system (ROPMS) (ARIA®, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, California) one can integrate patient check-in at the front desk and identify and open the correct treatment record of the patient at the point of care prior to the initiation of the radiation therapy treatment. RESULTS The learning time for the use of the software and palm scanner was extremely short. The staff at the front desk and treatment machines learned the procedures to use, clean, and care for the device in one hour's time. The first key to the success of the system is to have a policy and procedure in place; such a procedure was created and put in place in the department from the first day. The second key to the success is the actual hand placement on the scanner. Learning the proper placement and gently reminding patients from time to time was found to be efficient and to work well. CONCLUSION The use of a biometric patient identification system employing palm vein technology allows one to ensure that the right care is delivered to the right patient each and every time. Documentation through the PVBS database now exists to show that this has taken place.
It Ain’t What You Don’t Know, It’s What You Do Know That Ain’t So

That witty aphorism of Will Rogers—It ain’t what you don’t know that’ll hurt you. It’s what you do know that ain’t so—is often true in life. It is certainly frequently true in medicine and radiology is no exception. Like many things accepted as correct in medical science and given the status of “law” by students and practitioners, it actually turns out to be “lore” which in many instances is really the product of bull times time. So often an official-sounding pronouncement is unquestioned but false. The job of an investigator and teacher in any discipline having at least a glimmer of scientific luster is twofold: the first is rare—it is discovery, the second is much more common—it is revision.
Measurement of magnetic moments of free Bi N Mn M clusters

Magnetic properties of free ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{N}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{M}$ clusters ($N=2--20$, $M=0--7$) are determined from Stern-Gerlach deflections at low temperature $(46.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. Pure bismuth clusters with odd number of atoms exhibit paramagnetic deflections. The addition of manganese atoms produces a ferromagnetic response which is strongly size dependent. Certain combinations have very large magnetic moments such as ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{5}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{9}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{10}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{5}$, and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{12}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{6}$.
Abstract 4188: Protein profiling of the first genetically engineered murine model of brainstem glioma

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Brainstem gliomas account for about 15% of all pediatric brain tumors and are the leading cause of death for pediatric brain cancers. The PDGFB induced mouse model of brainstem glioma (BSG) uses the RCAS/t-va system and is the first genetically engineered murine model of the disease. Tumors of these mice exhibit histopathological characteristics of pediatrics BSGs. Tumorigenesis is driven by overexpression of PDGFB in nestin expressing progenitors and accelerated by deletion of INK4A-ARF. Although PDGFB is known to be highly expressed both in these mice and a subset of pediatric BSGs, the exact mechanisms of disease formation and progression is not well understood. In an attempt to explore the molecular mechanisms of PDGFB-mediated tumor formation, we generated the complete protein profiles of brainstem samples obtained from normal (n=3) and PDGFB-induced BSG (N=3) mice. Total proteins were extracted, tryspin digested and resulting peptides were analyzed by shotgun proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and proteins were identified using Sequest algorithm. Label-free analysis was performed using ProteoIQ software. A total of 1,363 proteins were confidently identified by using the following stringent filtration criteria: > 2 peptides/protein, >10 spectra/protein, minimum peptide probability of 0.95, and a minimum peptide length of 5 amino acids. Our analysis identified overlap in several molecular pathways that we had previously reported in proteomic profiling of pediatric formalin fixed autopsy specimens. Some of the proteins that showed similar dysregulation included: ALDOC, EEF1A1, GPI, PKM2, and SPTBN1. Furthermore, the list of proteins and their expression values were analyzed by the Ingenuity Pathway Assist (IPA). IPA derives molecular interactions based on published data and peer-reviewed manuscripts. Our analysis showed that 228 of these proteins have been reported to play a role brain tumor or other types of cancer. Together, our protein analysis of the first murine model of BSG has provided significant additional insights regarding into PDGFB-induced oncogenesis and molecular perturbations. Our analysis is the first report of the comprehensive protein profile of this novel BSG murine model. Pathways and molecular interactions identified by this combined comparative proteomic approach will require further validation both using additional samples obtained from the murine BSG model as well as human postmortem BSG specimens. Such validations may lead to the identification of therapeutic targets and improve our understanding of the biology of BSG. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4188.
P32 25 year experience of cardiac tumours at a tertiary paediatric cardiology centre

Background Primary cardiac tumours are rare with an incidence of around 1 in 5000, 1 with literature showing that the majority are benign rhabdomyomas and present under 1 year of age. 2 The most common co-morbidity with rhabdomyomas is Tuberous Sclerosis (TS). Aim We present our experience of cardiac tumours at a single tertiary cardiac centre over 25 years, looking at presentation and outcomes. Method A retrospective review of all patients Results Of the 48 patients, 18 (36%) were diagnosed in the neonatal period (6 antenatal, 12 postnatal). Median age at presentation of the other 31 patients was 18 months. The most common reasons for presentation was during routine TS Screening (38%), and detection of a murmur (14%). Tumour classification was based on clinical features and imaging. There were 38 rhabdomyomas (4 excised with histological confirmation), 5 fibromas (all excised with histological confirmation), and 5 myxomas (4 excised with histological confirmation). In the rhabdomyoma group, 18 patients had multiple tumours (47%) with an average of 3 cardiac tumours each. Echocardiogram was done in all patients, 24 h tapes on 15 patients of which 13 were in cases of rhabdomyoma and 2 in fibromas, with cardiac MRI done in 2 patients. The location for tumours was right ventricle (39%), left ventricle (33%) and ventricular septum (20%). In the rhabdomyoma group 76% were also diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. Eight patients had other cardiac lesions, with 6 having minor shunts (ASD/VSD/PDA) Arrhythmias were detected in only 5 patients, 3 in fibromas (60% of fibromas) and 2 with rhabdomyomas. Management was predominantly conservative. The majority of rhabdomyomas regressed in size (86%) with the remainder staying the same or growing proportionally, and these all remain under medical follow-up. Thirteen patients were lesion free at median 5 years, 4.5 years from diagnosis. 13 patients had surgical excision, 8 due to outflow obstruction and 3 due to the patient presenting with stroke. None of the rhabdomyomas recurred, but 2 fibromas and 2 myxomas recurred and these required further excision (on average 3 times). No patient died as a result of their cardiac tumour. In our series, 27% of patients had surgery, 6% had an episode of arrhythmia and 4% required anti-arrhythmics. From a cardiac perspective, 73% of patients were asymptomatic. Conclusions The majority of cardiac tumours do not need intervention. Monitoring for lesion progression and arrhythmia is essential. The most common primary cardiac tumour is rhabdomyoma, the main associated condition is tuberous sclerosis.
Interface Roughness of Quantum Wells Studied by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence

Optical properties of GaAs-Al0 5Ga0 5As multiple quantum wells affected by interface roughness have been investigated by timeresolved photoluminescence. The interface roughness affects on exciton dynamics is shown to be more complicated than those previously well studied line-width broadening of exciton transitions. A two-exponential decay of exciton luminescence and exciton peak shifting with increasing delay time have been observed. These observations have been successfully interpreted in terms of the interface roughness effects.
Study on Target Tracking System based on Fuzzy Multi-sensor Data Fusion

Multi-sensor data fusion(MSDF) algorithm is introduced to the target tracking system in order to overcome limitations of the single sensor.The MSDF can reduce noise of sensor measurement and eliminate inactive measurement in the estimation process.The MSDF can process not only data fusion of the linear sensor,but also data fusion of nonlinear sensor with noise.Process model of fuzzy kinematics is also applied to the target tracking system in order to overcome insufficiency of preceding information of target motion.Performance of the target tracking system is equivalent to that of target tracking system with generalized Kalman filter based on precise process model of the known target.
Contrastive analysis of five methods for examining rotten viscera samples of plague

Objective To investigate effect of rotten viscera samples of plague on specificity and sensitivity of 5 methods.Methods Sixty-four rotten viscera samples of plague sampled from Gansu corridor area were carried out contrastive analysis of the specificity and sensitivity of bacterial culture,ELISA,RIHA,PCR and colloidal gold.Results After samples were in decay,bacterial culture were limited(36.4%),the sensitivity and specificity of RIHA were 72.7% and 73.8% respectively,PCR showed a stable sensitivity(95.5%) and specificity(88.1%),the sensitivity and specificity of colloidal gold were 81.8% and 83.3%.ELISA had a high specificity(100%) and low sensitivity(63.6%).Conclusions Intracellular DNA and proteins were degraded in different degrees after samples are decayed,and the degradation has severe impacts on the above examination methods.Present diagnostic methods may cause mistaken judgment and missed judgment,it is necessary to combine several methods in field examinations.
Optimized real-time monitoring of glutathione redox status in single pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion

A redox-sensitive Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein was introduced by transfection into single pyramidal neurons in the CA1 subfield of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). We assessed changes in the GSH system in neuronal cytoplasm and mitochondria during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/RP), an in vitro model of stroke. Pyramidal cells in a narrow range of depths below the surface of the OHSC were transfected by gene gun or single-cell electroporation with cyto- or mito-Grx1-roGFP2. To mimic the conditions of acute stroke, we developed an optimized superfusion system with the capability of rapid and reproducible exchange of the solution bathing the OHSCs. Measurements of pO2 as a function of tissue depth show that in the region containing the transfected cells, the pO2 is well-controlled. We also found that the pO2 changes on the same time scale as changes in intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow, and pO2 during acute stroke. Determining the reduction potential, EGSH, from the ratiometric fluorescence signal requires an absolute intensity measurement during calibration of the Grx1-roGFP2. Using the signal from cotransfected tdTomato as an internal standard during calibration improves quantitative measurements of Grx1-roGFP2 redox status and allows EGSH to be determined. EGSH becomes more reducing during OGD and more oxidizing during RP in mitochondria while changes in cytoplasm are not significant compared with controls.
Stone tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide

John Shea begins Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East by explaining that the volume was designed to fill a void that he found as a beginning student studying Near Eastern Archaeol...
Theorizing transcultural language practices

In Chapter 2, I examined various perspectives on globalization and how they interfaced with issues of language maintenance and revitalization. In this chapter, I continue the discussion by focusing on how a poststructuralist perspective can assist us in analyzing one of the main functions of language: the construction of identity. Identity, roughly defined in this book as how we see ourselves and how others see us, is at the core of every interaction, including negotiations of gender and ethnicity, which I discuss in subsequent chapters. Here, I briefly trace the movement from structuralist to poststructuralist views of identity and how these differences have changed our perceptions of transcultural interaction. I follow recent theories that identity is contextual and negotiated, while at the same time acknowledging that most individuals still conceive of identity as something static.
Comparative Cranial Anatomy of Two North American Cretaceous Plesiosaurs

Publisher Summary This chapter presents comparative cranial anatomy of two North American cretaceous Plesiosaurs. The skulls of Elasmosaurus morgani and Dolichorhynchops osborni are compared as representatives of the Cretaceous plesiosaur families Elasmosauridae and Polycotylidae, respectively. Cranial features and the atlas-axis complex appear to be more stable evolutionarily than postcranial features. Similarities indicate that the short-necked Cretaceous polycotylids are the sister group to long-necked elasmosaurids. This implies that the short-necked polycotylids of the Cretaceous are not descended from the short-necked pliosaurs of the Jurassic. The chapter further elaborated the significance of similarities between Libonectes and Dolichorhynchops. The short neck has appeared independently at least twice in the Plesiosauria, and the term "pliosaur" to refer any short-necked plesiosaur should be abandoned to avoid any phyletic implications. Differences between Elasmosaurus morgani and Elasmosaurus platyurus demonstrate that the two species belong to a different genera and a new name is proposed for E. morgani.
There’s no place (Like Home): Craig Santos Perez’s poetry as military strategy

This essay is interested in hearing the voices obscured by militarisation. It looks at the poetry of Craig Santos Perez, a native Chamorro from Guam, in an attempt to begin puzzling out the idea of...
The Transition to the Adult Health Care System Among Youths With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Objective:The study examined how health care utilization patterns among youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) change as they transition into the adult health care system.Methods:Data came from the Clinformatics Data Mart Database, a nationally diverse, clinically rich, private insurance claims database. The analytic sample consisted of youths ages 16 to 23 who were diagnosed as having ASD (N=16,338). Cross-sectional multivariate linear regressions determined whether service usage in home, office or outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department (ED) settings differed by age.Results:The proportion of youths with ASD who received services declined with age in each setting except the ED. A similar reduction existed in number of visits to office or outpatient settings and inpatient settings, while home and ED visits remained stable. Service utilization declined faster among youths with co-occurring intellectual disability.Conclusions:There is a notable decline in service utilization across multiple sett...
"Strategy, Structure, and Performance: A study of U.S. Airline Industry"

The relationship among strategy, structure, and performance has been explored conceptually after Chandler’s seminal work. But the central gap in the literature is that the design of a structure as ...
Changes in main pulmonary artery diameter during follow‐up have prognostic implications in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background and objective A dilated pulmonary artery (PA) is a common finding in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Little is known on the variations in PA size over time and whether these changes track with disease severity and/or predict long-term survival. Methods We included patients with PAH who had at least two computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest done on different visits. Both scans matched the use of i.v. contrast. Results Pairs of CT scans were compared in 113 PAH patients. During a median (interquartile range (IQR)) time difference between scans of 8 (IQR: 3.5–20.0) months, we noted an increase in main PA diameter of 0.5 ± 1.8 mm (mean ± SD) (P = 0.008). When CT scans were performed >12 months apart (n = 47), the main PA diameter increased or decreased by >1 mm in 40% and 13% of the patients, respectively. An increase in main PA diameter was associated with lower PA compliance, higher right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, worse RV function and a decline in 6-min walk distance. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 33 (IQR: 4.5–47) months, 53 (46.9%) patients died. The change in PA diameter was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per mm increase: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11–1.61), P = 0.002) when adjusted for difference in time and slice thickness between CT scans, age, gender, PAH aetiology and pulmonary vascular resistance. Conclusion In PAH patients, an increase in CT-derived main PA diameter over time is associated with progression in pulmonary pressures, RV dysfunction, a decline in functional capacity and higher mortality.