cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anthracycline resistance in murine leukemic P388 cells. Role of drug efflux and glutathione related enzymes.

Abstract Energy-dependent drug efflux is a major factor in cellular resistance of P388/R84 mouse leukemic cells to anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DOX), and blocking of efflux increases sensitivity. However, efflux does not play a significant role in resistance to N -trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 32), a DOX analog. Since drug efflux alone cannot account for resistance to anthracyclines, we have, in the present study, measured cellular glutathione (GSH) content and activity of GSH cycle related enzymes to determine their role in resistance. Cellular GSH content was similar in DOX-sensitive and -resistant mouse leukemic cells (P388 and P388/R84). GSH peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activities were 1.36-, 1.58- and 1.14-fold higher in P388/R84 cells. Incubation of P388/R84 cells with 100 μM buthionine- S , R -sulfoximine (BSO) for 24 hr reduced cellular GSH content to 6% of control and reduced their resistance to DOX [dose modification factor (DMF) 3.9]. GSH depletion had no significant effect on the cytotoxicity of AD 32 (DMF 1.5). Exposure of P388/R84 cells to BSO (for GSH depletion) and trifluoperazine (for efflux blocking) further reduced their resistance to DOX (DMF 14). These results indicate that DOX resistance in P388/ R84 cells is multifactorial and that changes in GSH cycle related enzymes such as GSH peroxidase may also contribute to their resistance.
C 13 ( p , γ ) N 14 Reaction and the 9.17-, 7.03-, and 6.44-MeV States in N 14

A re-examination of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray decay of the 9.17-MeV state in ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, reached at the 1.75-MeV resonance in the ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ reaction, has confirmed the shell-model assignments previously given to that state and the 7.03-MeV state. The observation of a weak transition to the 2.31-MeV state supports the positive parity assignment of the 9.17-MeV state. Angular distribution and correlation measurements indicate an amplitude ratio of $f$ wave to $p$ wave in the formation of the compound state of -0.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.26 and $\frac{E2}{M1}$ amplitude ratios of -0.005\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020 and -0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 for the 9.17 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} ground-state and 7.03 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} ground-state transitions, respectively. A slight preference for a positive parity assignment for the 6.44-MeV state is found. The results, in general, are in good agreement with the calculations of Warburton and Pinkston. The alternative shell-model configurations suggested by them for the 6.44-MeV state are examined, but existing data are found to be inconclusive.
Quantitative aspects of bilirubin metabolism for hematologists

Techniques now available for the study of plasma disappearance kinetics of isotopically labeled unconjugated bilirubin have led to new insights into the factors that determine the plasma unconjugated bilirubin concentration (BR). This variable can be shown to depend in turn on five other parameters: the total circulating red cell volume (TRVC), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the mean red cell lifespan (RBCLS), plasma volume (PV), and the hepatic extraction coefficient for unconjugated bilirubin (ke). Of these, three clearly relect varying aspects of erythrokinetics and red cell physiology, while only one is reflective of liver function. It is not surprising, therefore, that knowledgeable interpretations of measurements of the plasma unconjugated bilirubin concentration can provide substantial information of value to the clinical hematologist. In particular, such interpretations can increase the sensitivity of these measurements as a screening test for the presence of hemolysis and provide the earliest indication of changes in red cell survival, as may occur during the therapy of various acquired hemolytic anemias. Furthermore, an understanding of the physiology of bilirubin in plasma substantially enhances the ability of the physician to categorize individual cases of hyperbilirubinemia as being due to hepatic dysfunction, hemolysis, or some combination of both.
CONSIDERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE EFFECTS IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING BY GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES

Environmental concerns are reviewed with respect to major transportation systems: the interstate highway system and commercial air transportation. The type of planning that was done for interstate highway systems is described, and the shift in social value emphasis that has become apparent since the interstate system was authorized is considered. Other topics discussed include the constitutional framework for the allocation of governmental power with respect to transportation systems planning, governmental assessment of the aircraft noise problem, and evaluating the social benefit of noise abatement.
Runtime Support for Portable Distributed Data Structures

Multipol is a library of distributed data structures designed for irregular applications, including those with asynchronous communication patterns. In this paper, we describe the Multipol runtime layer, which provides an efficient and portable abstraction underlying the data structures. It contains a thread system to express computations with varying degrees of parallelism and to support multiple threads per processor for hiding communication latency. To simplify programming in a multithreaded environment, Multipol threads are small, finite-length computations that are executed atomically. Rather than enforcing a single scheduling policy on threads, users may write their own schedulers or choose one of the schedulers provided by Multipol. The system is designed for distributed memory architectures and performs communication optimizations such as message aggregation to improve efficiency on machines with high communication startup overhead. The runtime system currently runs on the Thinking Machines CM5, Intel Paragon, and IBM SPI, and is being ported to a network of workstations. Multipol applications include an event-driven timing simulator [1], an eigenvalue solver [2], and a program that solves the phylogeny problem [3].
Winter Sea Ice Mapping From Multi-Parameter Synthetic Aperture Radar Data

This paper presents examples of quantitative improvements in classification accuracy of six winter ice conditions using SAR data resulting from the combination of multiple polarizations and frequencies.
CD59 Expressed on a Tumor Cell Surface Modulates Decay-accelerating Factor Expression and Enhances Tumor Growth in a Rat Model of Human Neuroblastoma

It has been hypothesized that complement inhibitors expressed on the surface of tumor cells prevent effective immune-mediated clearance. Whereas there are in vitro data to support this hypothesis, the species-selective activity of complement inhibitors has been a hindrance to investigating the role of membrane-bound complement inhibitors in rodent models of human cancer. The CD59-positive LAN-1 human neuroblastoma cell line was significantly more sensitive to lysis by rat complement than by human complement, illustrating the species selectivity of endogenously expressed complement inhibitors. Transfection of LAN-1 cells with rat CD59, an inhibitor of the terminal cytolytic membrane attack complex, effectively protected the cells from lysis by rat complement in vitro. When LAN-1 cells stably expressing rat CD59 were inoculated into immune-deficient rats, the onset of tumor growth and the rate of tumor growth were significantly enhanced compared with those of control-transfected LAN-1 cells. These data show directly that the expression of a complement inhibitor on a tumor cell promotes tumor growth. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the endogenous expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF), an inhibitor of complement activation, was up-regulated on the surface of cells after in vivo growth. Of further interest, higher levels of DAF were present on CD59-transfected cells than on control-transfected cells derived from tumors. Increased DAF expression correlated with decreased complement deposition on the tumor cell surface. These results show that expression of complement inhibitors on a tumor cell has functional consequences with regard to complement deposition in vivo and indicate that CD59 can indirectly effect complement activation and C3 deposition in vivo via a link between CD59 and DAF expression.
Beyond the Anwerbestopp? The German–Polish Bilateral Labour Treaty

This article analyses the genesis, implementation and effects of the bilateral labour treaties between Germany and Central and Eastern Europe, focussing on the Polish‐German Treaty and the construction sector. These treaties represent a significant departure from the restrictive German and European Union immigration policy. First, the political motives of the Polish and German governments are examined. The overall German ambition was to temporarily recruit labour migrants, reminiscent of the 1960s Gastarbeiter policy. Second, the treaty’s labour markets effects are analysed using concepts from the migration literature. The formerly unified German labour market is disaggregating into three tiers with substantial wage differences, reinforced by powerful push‐pull factors and counter-productive re-regulation. The effects on the Polish labour market are small, if unfavourable. Third, the implications of the Treaty for the German labour market include the possibility that employers can now import labour instead of outsourcing production in the geographically static service sector. Finally, the implications of EU eastward enlargement are examined. Resume
Role of Ankyrin-G in the Preservation of Intercellular Junctions. Visualization in the Nanoscale Using Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy

Background Despite advances in technology, resolution of fluorescent microscopy images (including confocal, deconvolution, or TIRF) remains limited to 210–250 nm. This prevents quantitative analysis of images to discern critical parameters such as protein cluster size, abundance, and separation from molecular partners. This limitation is apparent in the study of intercellular junction proteins. Gap junctions and desmosomes are defined molecular clusters, but their dimensions are in the nanoscale and, as such, escape quantitative analysis by immunofluorescence. To overcome this limitation, we implemented a novel method of imaging and analysis called direct stochastic reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and analyzed the effect that loss of Ankyrin-G (AnkG) expression exerts on connexin43 (Cx43) and plakophilin-2 (PKP2) plaques at the site of cell apposition. Methods Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were labeled with antibodies to Cx43 and PKP2. Cells were treated with siRNA for AnkG, or non-targeted constructs. A total of 2.000 images were obtained to detect on–off cycles of emission, and reconstructed images were analyzed using custom-made software. Results Images yielded resolutions of 10–20 nm. We measured size, shape, fluorescence intensity profile, and abundance of clusters of Cx43 and PKP2, as well as the distance separating them. Loss of AnkG increased Cx43 cluster numbers from 16 ± 1 to 29 ± 8 clusters per region of interest. This seemed concurrent with a decrease in size of individual clusters. Moreover, in control, 16.6% ± 1.4 (34/204) clusters were within 100 nm from each other; the number increased to 32.8% ± 5.5 (145/433) in cells lacking AnkG. Similar results were observed for PKP2 plaques. Finally, 45% (168/334) of all Cx43 plaques were within 20 nm of a PKP2 plaque, and the number was unaffected by AnkG expression (274/580). Conclusions Our data show that a large fraction of Cx43–PKP2 molecules are within distances compatible with direct intermolecular interaction. Moreover, the separation between Cx43 and PKP2 is unaffected by AnkG expression, whereas loss of AnkG leads to fragmented Cx43 and PKP2 plaques. We demonstrate the applicability of dSTORM to study cardiac proteins within a resolution previously reserved for electron microscopy.
Reconfigurable embedded system architecture for next-generation Neural Signal Processing

This work presents a new architectural framework for next generation Neural Signal Processing (NSP). The essential features of the NSP hardware platform include scalability, reconfigurability, real-time processing ability and data storage. This proposed framework has been implemented in a proof-of-concept NSP prototype using an embedded system architecture synthesized in a Xilinx®Virtex®5 development board. The prototype includes a threshold-based spike detector and a fuzzy logic-based spike sorter.
Duration–Amplitude Relationships of volcanic Tremor and Earthquake Swarms Preceding and During the 2009 Eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Abstract Duration–amplitude relationships were studied for tremor episodes and earthquake swarms occurring during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. Duration–amplitude distribution plots were generated daily from January 1 to May 31 and fit with both an exponential law and power law. Comparing R2 values of the fit for both laws showed that the exponential law fit better for days in which volcanic tremor and earthquake swarms occurred, while the power law fit better for other days. Fitting segments of seismic data with both an exponential and a power law leads to a metric that has potential for volcano monitoring: R2exp/R2pow, the ratio of the R2 fits using the exponential law and the power law. The ratio R2exp/R2pow tended to be greater than 1 when volcanic activity or precursory seismic activity was occurring, and less than 1 when no volcano-seismic activity was occurring. Duration–amplitude plots were generated for episodes of volcanic tremor that were identified by the R2exp/R2pow ≥ 1 method and compared in an attempt to identify changes that may have occurred during the eruption. Stronger episodes of volcanic tremor showed higher characteristic amplitudes. Maximum heights of the plumes generated by the explosions showed a positive correlation with the characteristic amplitude of the concurrent tremor.
Limited Radiation Therapy for Selected Patients With Pathological Stages IA and IIA Hodgkin's Disease.

The first definitive reports that early stage Hodgkin's disease (HD) could be cured by radiotherapy were published by Vera Peters in 1950 and by Easson and Russell in 1963. Since then, advances in understanding the natural history, refining the histopathologic classification, and development of a staging system have improved the management of HD. Several studies of early stage HD show greater than 80% actuarial 10- to 15-year freedom from relapse, and less than a 10% mortality from HD after treatment with radiation therapy alone. Radiotherapy has become so successful in the treatment of early stage HD (with combination chemotherapy reserved for relapse) that the risk of dying from other causes approaches the risk of dying from HD itself at 15 to 20 years following treatment. This article outlines the principles of treatment for favorable prognosis clinical stages IA and IIA HD, with emphasis on identifying patients with favorable features who may be treated effectively with mantle irradiation only.
Single-Molecule DNA Sequencing of a Viral Genome

The full promise of human genomics will be realized only when the genomes of thousands of individuals can be sequenced for comparative analysis. A reference sequence enables the use of short read length. We report an amplification-free method for determining the nucleotide sequence of more than 280,000 individual DNA molecules simultaneously. A DNA polymerase adds labeled nucleotides to surface-immobilized primer-template duplexes in stepwise fashion, and the asynchronous growth of individual DNA molecules was monitored by fluorescence imaging. Read lengths of >25 bases and equivalent phred software program quality scores approaching 30 were achieved. We used this method to sequence the M13 virus to an average depth of >150x and with 100% coverage; thus, we resequenced the M13 genome with high-sensitivity mutation detection. This demonstrates a strategy for high-throughput low-cost resequencing.
Status characteristics, leadership consensus and decision-making among nurses.

Abstract Social characteristics possessed by members of nursing teams were predicted to affect the process and outcome of group decision-making. According to the Theory of Status Characteristics and Expectation States, status attributes such as occupational prestige, age and ethnicity diffuse, into, new situations and become the basis for the development of a power and prestige order that determines the extent of a group member's participation, influence on decision-making, and ultimate acceptance as a group leader. Based on this theory, it was predicted that group members who were associate-degree nursing students, younger and white, would be more active and influential than group members who were vocational nursing students, older and/or black. The degree to which these characteristics were associated with the emergence and acceptance of a leadership hierarchy on the nursing team was predicted to affect two indicators of group performance: the amount of differentially distributed information brought to the groups' deliberations, and the quality of their decisions. Three experimental conditions were created: (1) occupational prestige was manipulated, (2) prestige and age were varied, and (3) age, ethnicity and prestige were varied. One hundred and forty nursing students participated. Interaction was scored from videotaped discussions. As predicted, occupational prestige affected the power and prestige order in all three conditions: associate-degree nursing students were the most active and influential participants; groups in which the vocational nursing students were additionally differentiated by age showed the strongest effects of status and leadership consensus; groups in which they were differentiated by age and also ethnicity showed the weakest effects. The members' consensus on the hierarchy of leadership predicted the order of performance. Groups in the Two-Characteristics condition, shown to have the strongest power/prestige order, brought most information into the discussion and their decisions were judged highest in quality. In all three conditions, the lower status members brought twice as much information into the deliberations despite their depressed participation. This finding is interpreted as indicating the development of an information specialist role such as has been found in other research on interaction in all-female groups. This role differs from the process specialist roles described by Bales and his associates. The implications of these findings for the development of health teams in other settings is discussed.
Polymerase Chain Amplification of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus RNA Extracted from Fixed and Embedded Fish Tissue

Abstract Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus that infects salmonid fish and, as a result, causes great economic losses to fish hatcheries. The direct detection of IHNV RNA in infected tissue would be useful in diagnosing the disease and preventing its spread. In this report, we describe a sensitive method for detecting IHNV RNA in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissues of rainbow trout and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. The technique is capable of detecting viral RNA in samples that have remained at room temperature in 10% buffered formalin for over 2 years. The RNA extracted from the deparaffinized tissue sections by phenol and guanidinium thiocyanate was amplified with primers to the viral nucleocapsid (N) gene with a heatstable DNA polymerase capable of reading both DNA and RNA. Prolonged incubation of the firststrand complementary DNA synthesis reaction for 20 min at 70°C was optimal for the synthesis of an N-specific, 252-base-pair product.
Coagulation Test for Cooked Meat Temperature: Effect of Variations in Filtration

The “Coagulation Test” was studied relative to the effect of variations in filtration treatments on the coagulation temperature and other properties of filtrates obtained from isotonic saline extracts of rare roast beef and cured pork shoulder picnics. As membrane filter pore size decreased and thickness of Celite pad increased, filtration time increased, coagulation temperature increased slightly, biuret protein values and spectrophotometric absorbance values decreased, changes occurred in the number and molecular weight of protein bands, but pH of filtrates was not markedly affected. Results indicated that filtration treatment had no marked effect on the coagulation temperature of filtrates which may be a reflection of the empirical and subjective nature of the “Coagulation Test.”
Comment on positive Regge-cut discontinuities.

Abarbanel has recently derived a formula for the discontinuity across the two-Reggeon branch point using direct-channel unitarity. His derivation assumes that a "two-Reggeon irreducible" kernel does not contain $J$-plane singularities in the vicinity of the branch point. We investigate this assumption for the two-Pomeranchon cut using an extension of the multi-Regge arguments of Finkelstein and Kajantie. We verify the assumption for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{P}(0)=1$, but the result is inconclusive otherwise.
Women in Medicine

This chapter focuses on the status of women in medicine, primarily in terms of becoming physicians in the United States. Considerable advances have been made in the number of women who become physicians, and gender parity has almost been achieved in medical school admissions and graduates. However, women in medicine continue to experience high rates of sexual harassment and gender discrimination, contributing to their unequal representation across medical specialties and in upper-level and leadership positions across specialties. A pay gap exists between male and female physicians, even when taking into account different areas of specialization, leadership positions, experience, productivity, and other factors that affect compensation. We explore efforts that have been made to address gender inequities among physicians and argue that fundamental changes in how the work of physicians is conceived of, organized and valued, are necessary in order to successfully tackle the male-dominated culture of medicine. We conclude with a discussion of the global feminization of medicine and its impact on the health care system and the health of populations, especially women.
The effects of beta-antagonists and anxiolytics on conflict behavior in the rat

The present studies were designed to evaluate the effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and traditional anxiolytics (phenobarbital and diazepam), alone and in combination, on behavior in the Conditioned Suppressioned of Drinking (CSD) conflict paradigm, an "animal model" for the study of anxiety and antianxiety agents. In daily 10-minute sessions, water-deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube which was occasionally electrified (0.5 mA), electrification being signalled by the presence of a tone. Within 2-3 weeks, control responding had stabilized (10-15 shocks/session and 10-15 ml water/session); drug tests were then conducted at weekly intervals. As expected, diazepam (0.6-10 mg/kg) and phenobarbital (10-40 mg/kg) administration resulted in a marked and dose-dependent increase in punished responding at doses which did not markedly alter background responding (water intake). Neither propranolol (0.5-8 mg/kg) nor the beta-1-selective antagonist atenolol (1-16 mg/kg) significantly affected punished responding in the CSD. Both propranolol and atenolol produced significant beta-1-adrenoceptor blockade, as evidenced by the production of significant bradycardic effects in conscious rats at the doses employed. Pretreatment with 2.0 mg/kg propranolol did not alter the anticonflict effects of diazepam (0.6-10 mg/kg) or phenobarbital (10-40 mg/kg). Further, reduction of the shock intensity to 0.125 mA (i.e., decreased suppression) failed to alter the behavioral response to propranolol (1.5-5 mg/kg) or the interaction of 2.0 mg/kg propranolol with diazepam. Finally, chronic administration of propranolol (2.0 mg/kg, twice daily) did not affect punished responding over the course of 5 weeks of treatment. These data suggest that the CSD paradigm, although an effective "animal model" for the study of benzodiazepine and barbiturate anticonflict effects, cannot serve as an "animal model" for the study of the situation-specific (i.e., phobic) anxiety for which propranolol and related agents are presently used.
A contribution to the transform calculus used in the synthesis of control systems

Abstract A method is described for determining the Laplace transform of the product fa(t) fb(t) of two time functions fa(t) and fb(t), given the Laplace transforms Fa(S) and Fb(s) of fa(t) and fb(t), respectively. This is further utilized in finding the integral of the form ∫ o ∞ f a 2 (t)dt , the time moments ∫ o ∞ t n f a 2 (t)dt and the time average ∫ o ∞ f a (t)f b (t)dt . These quantities are useful in the synthesis of control systems.
Teaching Psychiatry in Primary Care Residencies: Do Training Directors of Primary Care and Psychiatry See Eye to Eye?

Objective This study compares the views of psychiatry residency training directors about psychiatry and mental health training in the primary care programs in their institutions with those of the primary care residency training directors.
Preparation of phase-pure perovskite lead indium niobate ceramics

Abstract To date, attempts to fabricate single phase perovskite Pb(InNb) 1 2 O3 (PIN) ceramics have met with only limited success. This paper describes a processing method for synthesizing phase-pure PIN ceramics using the wolframite precursor method. Dielectric properties of these undoped ceramics seem to be superior to those reported by previous investigators and are comparable to the single crystal properties of lead indium niobate.
Synthesis, processing sand properties of thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers

Thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers for high-performance applications are typically based on wholly aromatic polyester and polyamide architectures. The linear character of the aromtic monomers produces polymer chains with stiff, extended conformations. As a result, the chains organize themselves into a nematic melt and readily orient in response to processing flow fields. The close coupling between chain orientation and flow fields produces both a rich variety of materials and a high degree of controllability of their structure and properties (such as the tensile strength, elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion). In this paper, we describe synthetic efforts to develop liquid-crystal polymer structures and the relationships between chain molecular structure, processing, and properties of this class of polymers in two distinct processing situations: Injection molding and fiber formation. The special importance of the orientational flow field in developing high orientation and excellent mechanical properties will be highlighted.
The Arp2/3 complex has essential roles in vesicle trafficking and transcytosis in the mammalian small intestine

The Arp2/3 complex is the only known nucleator of branched F-actin filaments. Work in cultured cells has established a wide array of functions for this complex in controlling cell migration, shape, and adhesion. However, loss of Arp2/3 complex function in tissues has yielded cell type–specific phenotypes. Here we report essential functions of the Arp2/3 complex in the intestinal epithelium. The Arp2/3 complex was dispensable for intestinal development, generation of cortical F-actin, and cell polarity. However, it played essential roles in vesicle trafficking. We found that in the absence of ArpC3, enterocytes had defects in the organization of the endolysosomal system. These defects were physiologically relevant, as transcytosis of IgG was disrupted, lipid absorption was perturbed, and neonatal mice died within days of birth. These data highlight the important roles of the Arp2/3 complex in vesicle trafficking in enterocytes and suggest that defects in cytoplasmic F-actin assembly by the Arp2/3 complex, rather than cortical pools, underlie many of the phenotypes seen in the mutant small intestine.
Statistics in criminal justice curricula

Abstract Departments of Criminal Justice at 516 colleges were surveyed as to 1) Does the college require statistics and 2) Which statistical techniques would they recommend being in a one-semester course on statistics. The replies to these questions on college statistics requirements were cross-tabulated with background variables of the college such as highest degree offered, whether the undergraduate program is a two-year or four-year program, whether there is a graduate program in Criminal Justice, and the size of the college. None of the cross-tabulations were found to be significant. The recommended statistical techniques are listed in two groups—techniques that three-fourths of the respondents agreed should be required and techniques agreed upon by one-half of the respondents.
Efficient representation of nonreflecting boundary conditions for the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in two dimensions

We present a fast algorithm for the evaluation of exact, nonreflecting boundary conditions for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation in two dimensions on the unit circle. After separation of variables, the exact outgoing condition for each Fourier mode contains a nonlocal term that is a convolution integral in time. The kernel for that convolution is the inverse Laplace transform of the logarithmic derivative of a modified Bessel function, and the convolution integral can be split into two parts: a local part and a history part, which can be treated separately. The local part is easily handled by an appropriate quadrature. For the history part, we show that the convolution kernel can be well approximated by a sum of exponentials. Once such a representation is available, the convolution integrals can be evaluated recursively, reducing the cost from O(N2) work to O(N), where N is the number of time steps. The main technical development lies in the uniform rational approximation of the logarithmic derivative of the modified Bessel function Kν(√is). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Heuristic Procedure for Scheduling Packaging Lines in Process Industries

Abstract Process industries produce non-differentiable products which are packaged into a variety of sizes during the final production stage. In this environment, product family changeovers are performed during an off-shift period, while item changeovers, which are shorter in duration, may be performed during a shift. A heuristic for scheduling packaging lines is presented where a family setup cost is charged for an off-shift changeover and item lot sizes are determined subject to limited capacity and setup times.
Generic terminal support

Modern computing trends attempt to raise applications programming to a level where the programmer need know very little, if anything, about the hardware being used. This trend has been quite successful in the area of I/O support. Applications programmers rarely need be concerned with the details of differences about the hardware they use. However, with the advent and growing popularity of "smart" CRT terminals, programmers that desire to use the features of these smart terminals must learn the protocols that invoke the desired functions. This problem is compounded by the fact that [almost] every terminal vendor has a different protocol for each function. For example, to clear the screen on the IBM 3101 [1] the sequence ESC "L" is used, while on the Lear Siegler ADM-3A [2] a Control/Z is used. The purpose of this paper is to propose a solution to this problem and describe a partial implementation of the ideas presented. The solution consists of three levels: (i) the level visible from application, (ii) the host system support level, and (iii) the front-end support level.
Coded Lens: using coded aperture for low-cost and versatile imaging

We propose Coded Lens, a novel system for lensless photography. The system does not require highly calibrated optics, but instead, utilizes a coded aperture for guiding lights. Compressed sensing (CS) is used to reconstruct scene from the raw image obtained through the coded aperture. Experimenting with synthetic and real scenes, we show the applicability of the technique and also demonstrate additional functionality such as changing focus programmatically. We believe this will lead to a more compact, cheaper and even versatile imaging systems.
Differential isotopic fractionation during Cr(VI) reduction by an aquifer-derived bacterium under aerobic versus denitrifying conditions.

We studied Cr isotopic fractionation during Cr(VI) reduction by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain RCH2. Despite the fact that strain RCH2 reduces Cr(VI) cometabolically under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions and at similar specific rates, fractionation was markedly different under these two conditions (e was ∼2‰ aerobically and ∼0.4‰ under denitrifying conditions).
Distribution of the presynaptic calcium sensors, synaptotagmin I/II and synaptotagmin III, in the goldfish and rodent retinas

Synaptic vesicle exocytosis is triggered by rises in calcium up to 100 microM at the site of vesicle fusion. The synaptic vesicle proteins synaptotagmin 1 and 2 (Syt I and Syt II) bind calcium at similarly high concentrations and have been proposed as the calcium sensors for fast neurotransmitter release. However, 1 microM calcium produces tonic transmitter release at photoreceptor and bipolar cell synapses in the goldfish retina, suggesting that these synapses use a higher affinity calcium sensor. Immunofluorescent staining with a panel of Syt I/II antibodies detected Syt I/II in both photoreceptor and bipolar cell terminals of the rodent retina. By contrast, no staining of either photoreceptor or protein kinase C (PKC)-labeled bipolar cell terminals was detected in the goldfish retina with any of the Syt I/II antibodies. The high affinity calcium sensor synaptotagmin 3 (Syt III) was localized to the synaptic layers of both goldfish and rodent retinas; however, while Syt III was associated with PKC-labeled bipolar cell terminals in the goldfish retina, it did not co-localize with PKC in the mouse retina. These results suggest that, unlike in their mammalian counterparts, synaptic vesicle exocytosis in goldfish photoreceptor and bipolar cell terminals utilizes a calcium sensor other than Syt I/II, possibly Syt III.
Fetching good out of evil in AA: A Bormannean fantasy theme analysis of The Big Book of alcoholics anonymous

Utilizing fantasy theme analysis, this study examined the rhetoric of The Big Book, the basic text of Alcoholics Anonymous. This study suggests the rhetorical vision of AA may be described as Alcoholism as Treatable Illness of Body, Mind, and Soul. The accompanying fantasy themes of dramatis personae, setting, plotline, and sanctioning agent are delineated. In addition, this essay argues that the rhetorical vision of AA is a variation of the rhetorical form “Fetching Good Out of Evil” suggested by Bormann (1977).
Methimazole-induced chronic arthritis; bilateral gynecomastia associated with the combination of methylphenidate and paroxetine; adrenal suppression and cushingoid features with inhaled fluticasone; pulmonary thromboembolism due to paliperidone.

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specifi c adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Write to Dr. Mancano at ISMP, 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200, Horsham, PA 19044 (phone: 215-707-4936; e-mail: mmancano@temple.edu). Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in cooperation with the FDA’s MedWatch program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA MedWatch partner. ISMP Adverse Drug Reactions
Sterically encumbered chiral amino alcohols for titanium-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination of aminoallenes

A variety of sterically encumbered amino alcohol ligands were prepared in a two-step modular synthesis. The titanium complexes of these ligands were prepared in situ and used as catalysts for hydroamination. The intramolecular hydroamination of 6-methyl-hepta-4,5-dienylamine at 135 °C with 5 mol % catalyst gave exclusively 2-(2-methyl-propenyl)-pyrrolidine with enantiomeric excesses up to 16%.
The “Wolf Fence” algorithm for debugging

The “Wolf Fence” method of debugging time-sharing programs in higher languages evolved from the “Lions in South Africa” method that I have taught since the vacuum-tube machine language days. It is a quickly converging iteration that serves to catch run-time errors.
Analysis of Surface Fluxes in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the Vicinity of Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones

Abstract A mooring with a surface buoy was deployed about 300 km southeast of Nova Scotia during the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) in an attempt to obtain long-term, high-quality measurements of meteorological and near-surface oceanographic data. The acquired surface data included sea surface temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind velocity, incident solar radiation, and downward longwave radiation. A limited time series of sea temperature and current velocity was gathered from current meters at 20 and 50 m beneath the sea surface. The surface meteorology was described before, during, and after the passage of three rapidly intensifying cyclones. Estimates of the surface air-sea heat fluxes, computed from bulk aerodynamic formulas, were also examined for these same storms. A simple heat budget was used to estimate the heat loss or gain of the upper ocean against the air-sea heat transfer at the ocean surface. While the total surface...
The masculine role as a moderator of stress-distress relationships

Health psychologists often content that men are more vulnerable to the effects of stress than are women. One explanation of this male risk factor deals with the masculine role — the set of values, beliefs, and expectations traditionally associated with men's lives. The present study was conducted to determine whether the restrictive emotionality, success preoccupation, and inhibited affection aspects of the masculine role, measured by the Masculine Role Inventory [MRI; W. E. Snell, Jr., “The Masculine Role Inventory (MRI): Components and Correlates,” Rex Roles, 1986] increase not only men's but also women's vulnerability to the effects of stressful life experiences. The results indicated that among both men and women with a recent history of stressful experiences in their lives, the masculine role was associated with elevated distress.
Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized anxiety and depressive disorders during young adulthood in a community sample.

Background Children with somatic complaints are at increased risk for emotional disorders during childhood. Whether this elevated risk extends into young adulthood – and to which specific disorders – has rarely been tested with long-term prospective-longitudinal community samples. Here we test whether frequent and recurring stomach aches, headaches, and muscle aches during childhood predict emotional disorders in adulthood after accounting for childhood psychiatric and physical health status and psychosocial adversity. Method The Great Smoky Mountains Study is a community representative sample with 1420 participants. Children/adolescents were assessed 4–7 times between ages 9–16 years. They were assessed again up to three times between ages 19–26 years. Childhood somatic complaints were coded when subjects or their parents reported frequent and recurrent headaches, stomach aches, or muscular/joint aches at some point when children were aged 9–16 years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and the Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment. Results Frequent and recurrent somatic complaints in childhood predicted adulthood emotional disorders. After controlling for potential confounders, predictions from childhood somatic complaints were specific to later depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Long-term predictions did not differ by sex. Somatic complaints that persisted across developmental periods were associated with the highest risk for young adult emotional distress disorders. Conclusions Children from the community with frequent and recurrent physical distress are at substantially increased risk for emotional distress disorders during young adulthood. Preventions and interventions for somatic complaints could help alleviate this risk.
A reliable, facial nociception device for unrestrained, awake animals: Effects of morphine and trigeminal complex lesions

Abstract A new technique is described for quantifying orofacial pain in unrestrained, freely moving animals. The key dependent variable is latency to a face-rubbing response executed with any paw. The response is elicited by heating a tiny resistor in contact with facial skin. The latency variability is significantly less than that of hot-plate/paw-lick and other measures. The measure precisely indexes effects of morphine, trigeminal complex lesions, and heat rate manipulations. For these reasons, the technique is potentially useful to all pain and analgesia researchers. Utilization of the face as site of nociceptive stimulation has special relevance for trigeminal studies.
Management of Physiological Stress in Finfish Aquaculture

Abstract Physiological stress is a nonspecific response common to all vertebrate organisms initiated by many types of environmental changes. Stress in fish can be characterized by physiological changes such as plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and electrolyte concentrations and is quantitatively related to the severity and longevity of the stressor. A hierarchy is evident among the physiological changes, such that adrenalin from activation of the sympathetic nervous system is released most rapidly, followed by cortisol, and then glucose. Plasma electrolyte disturbances may not occur until the stress is severe and present for an extended time. Adrenalin increases plasma glucose by stimulating liver glycogenolysis, which represents a metabolic energy cost to the fish. The functions of cortisol include possible induction of gluconeogenesis and suppression of the inflammatory response. Maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis is an energetically expensive process, and disturbances deplete energy reserves. Rece...
An introduction to SequenceL: a language to experiment with constructs for processing nonscalars

SequenceL is a language intended for experimentation with declarative constructs for nonscalar processing. In SequenceL, a problem solver provides little in the way of iterative/recursive details in a problem solution. Instead, the problem solver describes the solution directly by specifying, via a metastructure, the data structures which will hold results useful for solving the problem. SequenceL is a small language (i.e. there is a small number of language constructs), and it is not domain dependent. This paper is meant to introduce the reader to SequenceL.
Solar power satellite microwave power transmission and reception system

The microwave power transmission and reception system of the Satellite Power System (SPS) has been intensively reviewed and assessed in a three-year concept development and evaluation program. This paper will review some concepts of SPS with particular emphasis on the design of the microwave power transmission and reception system. Technology requirements and proposals for meeting them will be discussed for various parts of the microwave system and to some degree for critical components such as power amplifiers. Specific subjects to be discussed are SPS concepts, antenna design, phase control, rectenna, and technology.
Processing the Complexities of Transcription

Recent studies have revealed unexpected subunit diversity and specificity in the general transcription machinery for orchestrating multicellular differentiation. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Oyama et al. (2013) report a requirement for Taspase 1-dependent TFIIA proteolytic processing in the mouse testis to enable TRF2 targeting to genes regulating spermatogenic differentiation.
Restraining IL-17: Del-1 deals the blow.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) induces the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. In a model of periodontitis, Del-1 is now described to be an inhibitor of IL-17 expression that suppresses the recruitment of neutrophils and the associated inflammation-mediated pathology.
Semi-Supervised Methods to Identify Individual Crowns of Lowland Tropical Canopy Species Using Imaging Spectroscopy and LiDAR

Our objective is to identify and map individuals of nine tree species in a Hawaiian lowland tropical forest by comparing the performance of a variety of semi-supervised classifiers. A method was adapted to process hyperspectral imagery, LiDAR intensity variables, and LiDAR-derived canopy height and use them to assess the identification accuracy. We found that semi-supervised Support Vector Machine classification using tensor summation kernel was superior to supervised classification, with demonstrable accuracy for at least eight out of nine species, and for all combinations of data types tested. We also found that the combination of hyperspectral imagery and LiDAR data usually improved species classification. Both LiDAR intensity and LiDAR canopy height proved useful for classification of certain species, but the improvements varied depending upon the species in question. Our results pave the way for target-species identification in tropical forests and other ecosystems.
Response of neem (Azadirachta indica) to soil P concentration and mycorrhizal colonization

Abstract Thirty two‐day‐old seedlings of neem (Azadirachta indica) were transplanted into pots containing a subsurface Oxisol uninoculated or inoculated with Glomus aggregatum at three target soil solution P concentrations. While no evidence of Vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) colonization was noted in the uninoculated soil, neem roots were colonized in excess of 80% in the inoculated soil, and soil P did not influence VAMF colonization significantly. VAMF colonization led to significant increases in tissue P and dry matter accumulation at the first two increments of soil P, but not at the highest concentration. Dry matter yield of mycorrhizal neem at soil P concentration of 0.02 mg L‐1 was comparable to nonmycorrhizal growth of neem at soil P concentration of 0.2 mg L‐1. Based on these data neem was classified as a highly mycorrhizal‐dependent species.