cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN USE OF CHIROPRACTIC CARE AND COSTS OF CARE AMONG OLDER MEDICARE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN AND MULTIPLE COMORBIDITIES

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT) was associated with lower healthcare costs among multiply-comorbid Medicare beneficiaries with an episode of chronic low back pain (cLBP). Methods We conducted an observational, retrospective study of 2006 to 2012 Medicare fee-for-service reimbursements for 72326 multiply-comorbid patients aged 66 and older with cLBP episodes and 1 of 4 treatment exposures: chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT) alone, CMT followed or preceded by conventional medical care, or conventional medical care alone. We used propensity score weighting to address selection bias. Results After propensity score weighting, total and per-episode day Part A, Part B, and Part D Medicare reimbursements during the cLBP treatment episode were lowest for patients who used CMT alone; these patients had higher rates of healthcare use for low back pain but lower rates of back surgery in the year following the treatment episode. Expenditures were greatest for patients receiving medical care alone; order was irrelevant when both CMT and medical treatment were provided. Patients who used only CMT had the lowest annual growth rates in almost all Medicare expenditure categories. While patients who used only CMT had the lowest Part A and Part B expenditures per episode day, we found no indication of lower psychiatric or pain medication expenditures associated with CMT. Conclusions This study found that older multiply-comorbid patients who used only CMT during their cLBP episodes had lower overall costs of care, shorter episodes, and lower cost of care per episode day than patients in the other treatment groups. Further, costs of care for the episode and per episode day were lower for patients who used a combination of CMT and conventional medical care than for patients who did not use any CMT. These findings support initial CMT use in the treatment of, and possibly broader chiropractic management of, older multiply-comorbid cLBP patients.
Indoor Mapping and Localization for a Smart Wheelchair Using Measurements of Ambient Magnetic Fields

Freedom of mobility is a crucial aspect of our daily lives. Consequently, engineering solutions for mobility, including smart wheelchairs, are becoming increasingly important for those with disabilities. However, the lack of a reliable solution for indoor localization has affected the pace of research in this direction. GPS signals cannot be measured indoors and environment modifications for wheelchair localization can be expensive and intrusive. This research explores the feasibility of using ambient magnetic fields for indoor localization by exploiting the spatial non-uniformity due to ferromagnetic objects in ordinary working environments. A non-parametric density estimation technique was developed to build magnetic field maps. This approach is compared to an existing regression technique. Two different approximate kinematic models for the wheelchair are presented and implemented in a particle-filtering framework. Finally, the efficacy of these mapping techniques and motion models, including and excluding odometry information, are compared via tracking experiments conducted with a smart wheelchair.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Utilization of Sulfoximines in the Synthesis of Optically Pure Substances

Abstract Optically active β-hydroxysulfoximines, obtained by addition of the lithio reagent 3 to carbonyl compounds may serve as suitable intermediates for the optical resolution of ketones, methylenations of ketones with optical resolution, enantio-face-selective cyclopropanation of enones and synthesis of optically active dihydroxy cycloalkanones. Several examples of syntheses of natural products by this methology are given.
Time-of-day effect and the yield of endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration

Background and Objectives: The timing of the endoscopic procedures has been recently proposed to be a factor in the quality of colonoscopic polyp detection. We aimed to investigate whether the time-of-day has an effect on the diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy of endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was set in a safety net community hospital. The 212 EUS-FNAs performed at our institution between July 2011 and January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Pancreatic masses, pancreatic cysts, and lymphadenopathy were most common indications for EUS-FNAs. Data were collected with regard to the timing of the procedure, presence of on-site cytopathologic evaluation, the number of needle passes, diagnosis, and specimen adequacy for cytopathologic evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed Student's t -test. Results: There was no difference in the diagnostic yield for malignancy across all indications between the AM and PM groups. In the morning group 31/87 (36%) procedures and in the afternoon group 50/125 (40%) procedures were diagnostic for malignancy ( P = 0.522). There was no difference in the specimen adequacy for cytopathologic evaluation across all indications between the AM and PM groups. In the morning group, 58/87 (67%) procedures and in the afternoon group 90/125 (72%) procedures were adequate for cytopathologic evaluation ( P = 0.408). On-site cytopathologist was more available for AM than PM procedures; however, the lack of AM vs. PM difference in the yield and specimen adequacy persisted regardless of on-site cytopathologist presence. Conclusions: Time-of-day of the procedure (morning vs. afternoon) does not affect EUS-FNA diagnostic yield for malignancy or specimen adequacy for cytopathologic evaluation.
Abstract 3672: Coordinated roles of CHD1 and SPOP in prostate cancer pathogenesis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, consequently presenting challenges while designing efficacious therapeutic strategies across diverse patient cohorts. There is an increasing need to improve our understanding of the disease by classifying PCa into distinct molecular subtypes characterized by specific genomic alterations. To this end, loss of the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 (CHD1) represents one of the largest classes of recurrent gene deletions detected exclusively in PCa, hallmarking up to 20% of characterized tumors. CHD1 is well known to facilitate the assembly of euchromatin during transcription. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of CHD1 would induce a significant change in overall transcription and alter prostate cell fate, promoting tumorigenesis. To confer a high degree of physiological relevance to our studies, we utilized genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models harboring prostate-specific CHD1 deletions. Since loss of CHD1 has a significant tendency to co-occur with mutations in the SPOP gene, we generated GEM models that also co-express the SPOP F133V transgene. We derived organoid lines from GEM prostates to recapitulate prostate histology in a three dimensional matrix, which allowed us to track changes at the molecular level and overall phenotype as they relate to PCa development. We found that CHD1 loss associated strongly with the presence of an increased luminal cell population compared to wild type controls. Since luminal cells are recognized to be cells of origin in PCa, this observation is consistent with the notion that CHD1 deletion represents a pro-tumorigenic event. Additionally, our data indicates that co-occurrence of CHD1 deletions and SPOP mutations may confer a growth advantage to prostate cells. The overarching goal of this study is to define the coordinated role of CHD1 loss and SPOP mutations in PCa, highlight altered signaling pathways and phenotypes, and nominate potential therapeutic strategies for patients with this PCa subtype. Citation Format: Divya Vasudevan, Mirjam Blattner, Lesa D. Deonarine, Yu Chen, Mark A. Rubin, Christopher E. Barbieri. Coordinated roles of CHD1 and SPOP in prostate cancer pathogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3672.
Effects of Functional Disability and Depressive Symptoms on Mortality in Older Mexican–American Adults with Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To examine the effect of co-occurring depressive symptoms and functional disability on mortality in older Mexican–American adults with diabetes mellitus. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (HEPESE) survey conducted in the southwestern United States (Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, California). Participants Community-dwelling Mexican Americans with self-reported diabetes mellitus participating in the HEPESE survey (N = 624). Measurements Functional disability was assessed using a modified version of the Katz activity of daily living scale. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Mortality was determined by examining death certificates and reports from relatives. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the hazard of mortality as a function of co-occurring depressive symptoms and functional disability. Results Over a 9.2-year follow-up, 391 participants died. Co-occurring high depressive symptoms and functional disability increased the risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.11–4.34). Risk was greater in men (HR = 8.11, 95% CI = 4.34–16.31) than women (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.42–3.43). Conclusion Co-occurring depressive symptoms and functional disability in older Mexican–American adults with diabetes mellitus increases mortality risk, especially in men. These findings have important implications for research, practice, and public health interventions.
Development of localized sensors for dielectric measurements

The feasibility of physically small sensors for localized dielectric measurements have been investigated. A small and a large open-ended coaxial probe was developed for comparison. Complex dielectric measurement results on various liquids showed good agreement between the two probes. The initial investigation of a small coplanar sensor for localized measurements is also discussed.
US surface ozone trends and extremes from 1980 to 2014: quantifying the roles of rising Asian emissions, domestic controls, wildfires, and climate

Abstract. US surface O3 responds to varying global-to-regional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather, with implications for designing effective air quality control policies. We examine these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3) hindcasts over 1980–2014. The model captures the salient features of observed trends in daily maximum 8 h average O3: (1) increases over East Asia (up to 2 ppb yr−1), (2) springtime increases at western US (WUS) rural sites (0.2–0.5 ppb yr−1) with a baseline sampling approach, and (3) summertime decreases, largest at the 95th percentile, and wintertime increases in the 50th to 5th percentiles over the eastern US (EUS). Asian NOx emissions have tripled since 1990, contributing as much as 65 % to modeled springtime background O3 increases (0.3–0.5 ppb yr−1) over the WUS, outpacing O3 decreases attained via 50 % US NOx emission controls. Methane increases over this period contribute only 15 % of the WUS background O3 increase. Springtime O3 observed in Denver has increased at a rate similar to remote rural sites. During summer, increasing Asian emissions approximately offset the benefits of US emission reductions, leading to weak or insignificant observed O3 trends at WUS rural sites. Mean springtime WUS O3 is projected to increase by ∼ 10 ppb from 2010 to 2030 under the RCP8.5 global change scenario. While historical wildfire emissions can enhance summertime monthly mean O3 at individual sites by 2–8 ppb, high temperatures and the associated buildup of O3 produced from regional anthropogenic emissions contribute most to elevating observed summertime O3 throughout the USA. GFDL-AM3 captures the observed interannual variability of summertime EUS O3. However, O3 deposition sink to vegetation must be reduced by 35 % for the model to accurately simulate observed high-O3 anomalies during the severe drought of 1988. Regional NOx reductions alleviated the O3 buildup during the recent heat waves of 2011 and 2012 relative to earlier heat waves (e.g., 1988, 1999). The O3 decreases driven by NOx controls were more pronounced in the southeastern US, where the seasonal onset of biogenic isoprene emissions and NOx-sensitive O3 production occurs earlier than in the northeast. Without emission controls, the 95th percentile summertime O3 in the EUS would have increased by 0.2–0.4 ppb yr−1 over 1988–2014 due to more frequent hot extremes and rising biogenic isoprene emissions.
What Do People Do With Advertising

The literature on advertising effects is massively loaded in its assumption that advertising does things to people. This paper asks what is known about what people do with advertising and, more significantly, how could we learn more? A review of 15 years' published research into advertising effects located 619 conceptual or empirical studies. Of these, just over 30 considered the integration of advertising into everyday life. Five thematic questions were found to account for the entire literature. First, what do people do during television commercial breaks? Second, what is the social context of advertising reception? Third, how does advertising find expression in interpersonal communication? Fourth, how do intra-family relationships and processes mediate the effects of advertising on children? Fifth, how are advertisements used by family members in their social interactions? The evidence, though somewhat insubstantial, points to an active audience which manages its relationship with advertising and integ...
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Procedural Techniques for Large Volume Paracentesis.

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this study is to investigate large volume therapeutic paracentesis using either a z-tract or axial (coxial) technique in a randomized controlled trial. Materials and methods. In this randomized, single blind study, patients with cirrhosis undergoing outpatient therapeutic paracentesis were randomized to the z-tract or the modified angular (coaxial) needle insertion technique. Subject and procedure characteristics were compared between the groups with ascites leakage as quantified by need for dressing changes with standardized sized gauze pads as a primary endpoint and subject procedural discomfort, operator preference, and procedure complications as secondary endpoints. Results. 72 paracenteses were performed during the study period: 34 to the z-tract and 38 to the coaxial insertion technique. Following exclusions, a total of 61 paracenteses were analyzed: 30 using the z-tract technique and 31 using the coaxial technique. There were equal rates of post-procedural leakage of ascites between groups (13% in both groups, p = 1.00). Using the visual analog scale (0 - 100), there was a statistically significant increase in the subject reported pain score with the z-tract compared with the coaxial method [26.4 (95% CI 18.7 - 34.1) vs. 17.2 (95% CI 10.6 - 23.8), p = 0.04]. Mean physician rated procedure difficulty (1 - 5) was significantly higher for the z-tract vs. the coaxial technique [2.1 (95% CI 1.6 - 2.6) vs. 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 - 1.8), p = 0.04]. Conclusion. When compared to the z-tract technique, the coaxial insertion technique is superior during large volume paracentesis in cirrhosis patients.
Designing a Video Co-Watching Web App to Support Interpersonal Relationship Maintenance

Spending time together and enjoying everyday activities helps to support interpersonal relationships, which have many positive benefits for individuals. However, many of these activities are difficult, if not impossible, to participate in when the relationship is long-distance. This work aims to address that problem with one such activity: watching videos together (or video co-watching). In this extended abstract we describe the user-centered design process we used to design our video co-watching web app. Specifically, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 individuals who watch videos with others to understand their current video watching activities. We analyzed those findings using affinity diagramming to identify user requirements and features. After sketching multiple wireframes and getting feedback, we developed an interactive prototype.
Group Circle Systems on Conics

A group circle system is a collection of points and circles in the Euclidean plane determined by the elements of an abelian group. Let G be an abelian group and g a fixed element of G. Let ϕ:G → Π be an injective mapping from G into the Euclidean plane Π such that no five points in ϕ(G) are cocyclic . If for each four element subset {a, b, c, d} of G such that a + b + c + d = g, the points {ϕ(a), ϕ(b), ϕ(c), ϕ(d)} are cocyclic, then we call the set of points ϕ(G) and the associated circles, a (G, g) circle system. The abelian group G is the base of the circle system. In this first paper on circle systems we will confine our attention to group circle systems all of whose points (or vertices) lie on a noncircular conic α. We will construct circle systems on α with base group Z, Zn and Z × Z. These are subalgebras of an algebra with one ternary operation defined on α. A remarkable nine variable identity suggested by the circle systems is shown to hold in this algebra.
Intracranial hemorrhage as initial manifestation of plasma cell myeloma: A case report

This is the case of a previously healthy 48 year-old male whom presented with mild confusion, low-grade headache, and left sided weakness. Computed tomography of the head revealed a large acute right frontal lobe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular extension, with normal vascular imaging. Initial laboratory testing was inconsequential. The patient required emergent evacuation, with pathology revealing only elements of a hematoma. Further laboratory testing and bone marrow biopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma. Other systemic signs/symptoms of this disease were notably absent. This report provides the first description of an ICH as the presenting manifestation of plasma cell myeloma (PCM; multiple myeloma).
Pseudogout - a rare manifestation of hungry bone syndrome after focused parathyroidectomy

Pseudogout, also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a rheumatological condition arising from accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in connective tissues. We present a case of a 56-year-old Bangladeshi woman who underwent focused right inferior parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism from a right inferior parathyroid adenoma. On the first post-operative day, she complained of left elbow painful swelling with redness and warmth. Arthrocentesis of left elbow was done due to suspicion of septic arthritis. Two weeks prior to this surgery, she had sudden bilateral knee swelling was diagnosed in her home country of bilateral knee osteoarthritis with effusion and arthrocentesis showed no crystals. Aspiration of left elbow showed calcium pyrophosphate crystals, associated with post parathyroidectomy hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia confirming pseudogout. Her uric acid level was normal. Bilateral wrist x-rays showed triangular fibrocartilage complex chondrocalcinosis. The patient's condition improved with colchicine and naproxen, as well as calcium and magnesium replacement. Her left elbow swelling and pain resolved. Pseudogout flare is a rare but known sequelae after parathyroidectomy. Early recognition and expeditious treatment is essential.
Considerations When Treating Hepatitis C in a Cirrhotic Transplant Candidate

This review examines the issues in determining the decision to treat a HCV-positive patient who is a liver transplant (LT) candidate with highly effective and well-tolerated direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. Cure of HCV with DAA can improve liver function and allow delisting in some patients. Beyond a threshold of hepatic impairment (likely MELD score > 16 to 20), patients may experience a decline in MELD score with HCV cure without improvement in liver-related complications resulting in decreased opportunity to receive a LT. Eradicating HCV from patients who need LT regardless also deprives them of the option of receiving HCV-positive donor organs. Patients with MELD > 16 or Child-Pugh B/C may also have reduced cure rates of HCV, increased risk of hepatic decompensation, and adverse events with DAA pre-LT compared to post-LT DAA therapy. Preliminary data demonstrates increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after treatment with DAA with subsequent studies raising doubts about this association. Patients with HCV cirrhosis on the LT waiting list with MELD score > 16, CTP-B/C, and HCC are best treated after LT with better response, tolerability, and the ability to receive organs from a larger donor pool that includes HCV-positive donors. Larger, prospective studies are needed to assess whether increased HCC recurrence after DAA is a true effect.
Electrically Pumped Metallic Coaxial Nanolasers

We present our progress towards the realization of room temperature current-injected coaxial nanolasers. Lasing action is demonstrated in a metallic coaxial resonator up to a temperature of 140 K.
Anti-parasite behaviour of birds.

Birds have many kinds of internal and external parasites, including viruses, bacteria and fungi, as well as protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Because parasites have negative effects on host fitne...
Enzyme Therapy of Experimental Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis (GN), resulting from the deposition or formation of immune complexes (IC) within glomeruli, is often progressive and represents a major public health problem worldwide (1). Although progress within the last decade has helped to elucidate the pathogenesis of GN, therapy remains limited. Several mechanisms and inflammatory mediators are capable of contributing to disease, apparently operative in different combinations in the various patterns of GN (2). Therapy directed at particular pathways is consequently restricted in scope and may be of limited potential.
Split-Second Recovery of the P3 Component in Multiple Decision Tasks

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the split-second recovery of the P3 component in multiple decision tasks. The refractory period or recovery cycle of the endogenous P3 component of the human event-related potential (ERP) has not been studied directly, but indirect evidence suggests that P3 recovery might be very prolonged. For one thing, the refractory period of evoked potentials generally increases with increasing component latency; hence, the P3 wave (300–400 msec latency) might be expected to have a refractory period even longer than that of the auditory vertex potential (latency 80-200 msec) that lasts around 10–20 sec. A prolonged P3 refractory period would also be consistent with observations that P3 amplitudes are reduced when stimulus probability is increased, that effectively reduces the average interstimulus intervals. P3 amplitudes are known to decrease when relevant stimuli are repeated in sequences at relatively long and fixed ISIs. In each of the 3 tasks studied the refractory or recovery period of the P3 wave is found to be less than 1.0 sec.
Cafeteria assessment for elementary schools (CAFES): development, reliability testing, and predictive validity analysis.

Strategies to reduce childhood obesity and improve nutrition include creating school food environments that promote healthy eating. Despite well-documented health benefits of fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, many U.S. school-aged children, especially low-income youth, fail to meet national dietary guidelines for FV intake. The Cafeteria Assessment for Elementary Schools (CAFES) was developed to quantify physical attributes of elementary school cafeteria environments associated with students’ selection and consumption of FV. CAFES procedures require observation of the cafeteria environment where preparation, serving, and eating occur; staff interviews; photography; and scoring. CAFES development included three phases. First, assessment items were identified via a literature review, expert panel review, and pilot testing. Second, reliability testing included calculating inter-item correlations, internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson-21 coefficients), and inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) based on data collected from 50 elementary schools in low-income communities and 3187 National School Lunch Program participants in four U.S. states. At least 43% of each participating school’s students qualified for free- or reduced-price meals. Third, FV servings and consumption data, obtained from lunch tray photography, and multi-level modeling were used to assess the predictive validity of CAFES. CAFES’ 198 items (grouped into 108 questions) capture four environmental scales: room (50 points), table/display (133 points), plate (4 points), and food (11 points). Internal consistency (KR-21) was 0.88 (overall), 0.80 (room), 0.72 (table), 0.83 (plate), and 0.58 (food). Room subscales include ambient environment, appearance, windows, layout/visibility, healthy signage, and kitchen/serving area. Table subscales include furniture, availability, display layout/presentation, serving method, and variety. Inter-rater reliability (percent agreement) of the final CAFES tool was 90%. Predictive validity analyses indicated that the total CAFES and four measurement scale scores were significantly associated with percentage consumed of FV served (p < .05). CAFES offers a practical and low-cost measurement tool for school staff, design and public health practitioners, and researchers to identify critical areas for intervention; suggest low- and no-cost intervention strategies; and contribute to guidelines for cafeteria design, food presentation and layout, and operations aimed at promoting healthy eating among elementary school students.
Dilated Convolutional Neural Network for Predicting Driver's Activity

Anticipation and prediction play a pivotal role in human-like perception and memory. Anticipating human activities is an essential capability for any natural and seamless human-robot interaction scenario. To effectively understand and reason about human activities, a smart system needs to have the ability to process sequential/temporal observations that are normally noisy, high dimensional, have long temporal dependencies and have a high frequency (e.g, videos). In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model architecture to classify driver's actions and activities in real-world scenarios of driving a car in different conditions. Sensory data comes from a variety of sources including a driver facing camera (inside camera), a road facing camera (outside camera), GPS and other car related sensors. The proposed model is flexible and easy to use since it is not relied on external methods to extract key-points from video frames. It uses convolution and max-pooling pairs to understand spatial relationships within video frames and incorporates dilated deep convolutional structures to capture long temporal dependencies, process and predict driver's activities. We show the results to compete with the state of the art in this domain.
The Impact of Power-Electronics-Based Load Dynamics on Large-disturbance Voltage Stability

This paper establishes a new context where the power-electronics-based (PE-based) load, represented by Plug-in Electric Vehicles, dominates the total load composition in power systems. The inherent fast dynamics of PE-based load make conventional approaches of voltage stability analysis unsuitable. Under the new context, the mechanism and impacts of voltage instability under large disturbances have been analytically revealed. The Region of Attraction (ROA) of the stable equilibrium point has been estimated through nonlinear dynamical system theories, which implies a critical clearing time post grid disturbance.
A Ka-band Dual-Pol Monopulse Shaped Reflector Antenna

MIT LL is developing a small dual-polarized Ka-band monopulse antenna, which has very challenging specifications imposed on the radiator that require a sophisticated and efficient reflector antenna design. Reflector shaping is a technique that can be used to create a specific non-standard reflector profile to generate a desired aperture illumination that classical parabolic reflector surfaces cannot provide. A comparison with the classical Cassegrain parabolic reflector antenna will be reviewed and results discussed for the antenna design approach utilized at MIT LL. Measured data will be presented for the prototype antenna that was constructed.
Dietary behaviors and poor sleep quality among young adult women: watch that sugary caffeine!

Abstract Purpose Associations of dietary patterns with sleep quality have not been sufficiently studied, particularly among young adults. Studying factors associated with sleep quality among young adults are especially important given the significant life changes they are experiencing, which can influence not only sleep quality but also dietary behaviors. Methods We examined the cross-sectional association of sleep quality among 462 women at age 23 years. We used the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to define sleep quality. Intake over the previous 7 days of fruits and vegetables, soda, sports drinks, other sweetened drinks, and coffee drinks was assessed by a self-report questionnaire. Linear regression analysis examined the association between PSQI scores and dietary intake. Results About 47% of participants were White, 25% Black, 10% Hispanic, and 18% Other. Almost ½ (45%) reported poor sleep quality. Compared with participants reporting consuming no energy drinks, participants who reported consuming any energy drinks had PSQI scores that were 0.84 points higher (7.08 ± 0.51 vs 6.24 ± 0.39; p=0.04) (indicating poorer sleep quality). Participants who reported drinking one or more high-calorie coffee drinks had PSQI scores that were 1.00 points higher compared with those reporting drinking no high-calorie coffee drinks (7.14 ± 0.51 vs 6.14 ± 0.42; p=0.02). Fruit or vegetable intake was not associated with PSQI score. Conclusions Poor sleep quality is prevalent among young women. Young women with poor sleep quality should consider their sugary caffeine use to determine if it may be associated with their sleep.
From Grief Grew Hope, and This Book

This chapter shares the moments of grief that prompted Stephanie and Nicole, the editors, to conceptualize this book. Additionally, the chapter explores the ways that forms of grief are common in higher education, and the degrees to which academia is ill-equipped to support those moments of mourning. This book works, through personal narratives, to humanize grief—in its many forms—in the academy and to explore ways that those experiencing grief might find sources of hope and empowerment within higher education. The chapter then provides an overview of the book’s four parts and fifteen chapters.
Crystallography of Reactive Intermediates

Metal–ligand (M–L) multiply bonded complexes hold a central place in inorganic chemistry and catalysis: From fundamental and historical perspectives, these species have played a critical role in th...
Mortality and Complications in Patients with Metastatic Disease after Primary Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Although palliative therapies such as radiation are usually performed to improve quality of life in patients with metastatic disease, arthroplasty for joint pain may be indicated in some cases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the 30-day mortality risk, the risk of complications including infection and venous thromboembolic events, and the rate of 30-day reoperations and readmissions in patients with metastatic disease undergoing primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). Methods We reviewed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2008 to 2018 to evaluate rates of postoperative complications after elective primary THA/TKA in patients with disseminated cancer. After exclusions, 205,007 patients undergoing primary THA and 352,337 undergoing primary TKA were retained for analysis: 942 (0.2%) with disseminated cancer. Chi-square was used to compare proportions between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to model the odds ratio of patients with disseminated cancer compared with those without disseminated cancer. Results After adjustment for covariates, patients with disseminated cancer had a higher risk of death (OR: 5.25, 95% CI: 2.47-11.17), any complication (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.63-2.33), deep venous thrombosis (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.32-4.35), pulmonary embolism (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.52-6.17), cardiovascular complications (OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.47-6.04), transfusion (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.82-2.69), reoperations (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.28-2.78), readmissions (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.95-3.23), and longer length of stay (4.3 vs 2.7 days). Conclusion Patients with disseminated cancer have significantly elevated risk of complications after elective primary THA/TKA. Understanding the severity of complications is critical to the risk-benefit analysis that confronts patients and surgeons considering surgery. Level of Evidence II.
Abnormalities in cortical pattern of coherence in interictal migraine detected using ultra high-density EEG

Abstract Individuals with migraine generally experience photophobia and/or phonophobia during and between migraine attacks. Many different mechanisms have been postulated to explain these migraine phenomena including abnormal patterns of connectivity across the cortex. The results, however, remain contradictory and there is no clear consensus on the nature of the cortical abnormalities in migraine. Here, we uncover alterations in cortical patterns of coherence (connectivity) in interictal migraineurs during the presentation of visual and auditory stimuli, as well as at rest, to capitalize on the sensory sensitivities that are characteristic of migraine, and to reconcile the conflicting literature on migraine cortical connectivity. We used a high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) system, with 128 customized electrode locations, to measure inter- and intra-hemispheric coherence from 17 individuals with migraine (12 female) in the interictal period, and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects, during visual (vertical grating pattern) and auditory (modulated tone) stimulation which varied in temporal frequency (4 and 6Hz), and during rest. To ensure that participants were attending, participants performed a color detection task at fixation. Analyses of the EEG signal included characterizing the inter- and intra-hemisphere coherence between the scalp EEG channels over 2-second time intervals and over different frequency bands at different spatial distances and spatial clusters, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients (PCCs) were estimated at zero-lag. Repeated measures (between-group) analyses-of-variance with post hoc multiple comparison correction were conducted. Relative to controls, migraineurs exhibited significantly (i) faster color detection performance; (ii) lower long-distance spatial coherence of alpha-band activity during both evoked conditions, regardless of the stimulation frequency; (iii) lower coherence between the right frontal cluster and all clusters in the left hemisphere (inter-hemisphere coherence) during 4Hz auditory and visual stimulation; and (iv) lower long-distance coherence (in all frequency bands) between the right occipito-parietal cluster and all other clusters during the (4Hz and 6Hz) visual stimuli. No significant group differences were observed in the resting state data. The abnormal patterns of EEG coherence in interictal migraineurs during visual and auditory stimuli may be associated with cortical hyper-excitability in migraineurs.
Abstract IA20: Neuronal activity promotes proliferation of normal and neoplastic glial cells

Neuronal activity regulates the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells during development and in adulthood. In the healthy brain, this results in activity-regulated plasticity of myelination and subsequent modulation of neural circuit function evident in oligodendrogenesis-dependent behavioral changes. The robust mitogenic effect of neuronal activity on normal neural precursor and oligodendroglial precursor cells, a putative cellular origin of pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG), suggests that dysregulated or “hijacked” mechanisms of myelin plasticity might similarly promote proliferation in this devastating group of childhood brain cancers. Using in vivo and in situ optogenetic techniques together with patient-derived high-grade glioma cell cultures and xenograft models, we have demonstrated that neuronal activity similarly promotes proliferation and growth of both pediatric and adult high-grade glioma subtypes. Crucial mechanisms mediating activity-regulated high-grade glioma growth include secretion of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and the synaptic protein neuroligin-3 (NLGN3), which induces multiple oncogenic signaling pathways together with robust changes in synaptic gene expression in glioma cells. Nlgn3 is necessary for the growth of high-grade glioma xenografts in the mouse brain, and NLGN3 expression levels in human HGG negatively correlate with patient overall survival. Thus, neuronal activity not only modulates the structure and function of the brain’s myelinated infrastructure, but neurons also play an important role in the brain tumor microenvironment, with activity-regulated secretion of NLGN3 emerging as an unexpected and therapeutically targetable mechanism underlying axon-glioma interactions and promoting neuronal activity-regulated cancer growth. References: Gibson EM, Purger D, Mount CW, Goldstein AK, Lin GL, Inema I, Miller SE, Bieri G, Zuchero JB, Barres BA, Woo PJ, Vogel H, Monje M. Neuronal activity promotes adaptive oligodendrogenesis and myelination in the mammalian brain. Science 2014;344 (6183):487; 344:1252304. Venkatesh HS, Johung T, Caretti V, Noll A, Tang Y, Nagaraja S, Gibson EM, Mount CW, Pollepalli J, Mitra SS, Woo PJ, Malenka RM, Vogel H, Bredel M, Mallick P, Monje M. Neuronal activity promotes glioma growth through neuroligin-3 secretion, Cell 2015;161(4):803-16. Venkatesh HS, Tam LT, Woo PJ, Nagaraja S, Gillespe SM, Lennon J, Ni J, Duveau DY, Morris PJ, Zhao JJ, Thomas CJ, Monje M. Targeting neuronal activity-regulated neuroligin-3 dependency for high-grade glioma, Nature 2017;549:533-37. Citation Format: Michelle Monje. Neuronal activity promotes proliferation of normal and neoplastic glial cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Kalven Jr., Harry. The New York Times Case: A Note on “The Central Meaning of the First Amendment,” 1964 Sup. Ct. Rev. 191

Imagining an America in which officials in the highest positions of federal government support laws that criminalize the speech of their critics is not difficult. Not only were such laws passed in ...
Selecting Dogs for Explosives Detection: Behavioral Characteristics

Detection dogs are widely considered the most effective and adaptive method for explosives detection. Increases in emerging sophisticated threats are accelerating the demand for highly capable explosives detection, causing a strain on available supplies of quality canines worldwide. These strains are further compounded by rigorous behavioral standards required to meet mission-specific capabilities, leading to high rates of dogs disqualified from training or deployment. Ample research has explored the behavioral characteristics important for assistance, guide, and other traditional working roles, while those corresponding to more specialized tasks such as detection of explosives are not as well-understood. In this review we aim to identify the behavioral characteristics important for operational tasks of explosives detection dogs, contrasting with that of other working roles and highlighting key differences between explosives and other types of detection dogs. Further, we review the available research on methods for assessing and selecting candidate detection dogs and make recommendations for future directions and applications to the industry. Improvements and standardization in assessment technology allowing for the identification and enhancement of behavioral characteristics will be key to advancing canine detection technology in general.
Linking Patient Safety Culture to Quality Ratings in the Nursing Home Setting

There is limited evidence on the associations between patient safety culture and measures of health care quality in nursing homes. This study examines the relationship between scores on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Surveys on Patient Safety Culture™ (SOPS®) Nursing Home Survey (NH SOPS) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Nursing Home Five-Star Quality Ratings. Using data from 186 nursing homes, we conducted multiple regression analyses predicting the Five-Star Quality Ratings from the NH SOPS survey measures. Five NH SOPS measures were related to the Overall, Health Inspections, and Quality Five-Star Ratings. Four NH SOPS measures were related to at least two of the four Five-Star Quality Ratings and three SOPS measures were related to one Five-Star Rating. None of the NH SOPS measures were significantly associated with the Staffing Five-Star Rating. Findings generally indicated that stronger patient safety culture is associated with higher quality ratings.
Real-world evidence: Patient views on asthma in respiratory specialist clinics in America

Abstract Background Approximately 30% to 50% of patients with moderate/severe asthma have inadequately controlled disease despite adherence to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) therapy. Data on prevalence and burden of uncontrolled asthma in specialty settings are lacking. Objective To evaluate the prevalence and burden of uncontrolled asthma in respiratory specialist clinics in the United States. Methods Adults with physician-diagnosed asthma attending pulmonary and allergy clinics with self-reported ICS use in the previous 4 weeks completed an electronic questionnaire including the Asthma Control Test and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Additional information was collected using an electronic case report form. Results Of 774 patients attending 12 pulmonary and 12 allergy clinics, 53% were not well controlled (mean [SD] Asthma Control Test, 14.3 [3.6] vs 22.4 [1.6] in well-controlled patients). Among ICS/LABA users, 56% were not well controlled, which increased with increasing ICS dose (low-dose 45.7%; high-dose 59.7%). The not well-controlled group reported more respiratory illnesses, more comorbidities, and poorer health-related quality of life (mean [SD] St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, 46.1 [18.9] vs 19.8 [12.9] in the well-controlled group). These patients also had more asthma exacerbations (≥1 exacerbation, 68.9% vs 43.1%) and increased health care resource utilization (≥1 asthma-related hospitalization, 10.7% vs 2.7%); 27.3% were also receiving systemic corticosteroids. Approximately 40% of the population were eligible for step-up to ICS/LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonist triple therapy, and 20% were eligible for biologic therapy. Conclusion Substantial unmet needs exist among patients with inadequately controlled asthma managed in United States specialist settings, which may be addressed by improved patient and physician education, better guideline implementation, and improved adherence.
Nationalism and Ethnic Politics: Written by Nasia Hadjigeorgiou, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2020. Pp. 248. £63.00. ISBN 9781509923427

In her monograph, Protecting Human Rights and Building Peace in Post-Violence Societies, Nasia Hadjigeorgiou explores the relationship between ensuring human rights and constructing peace. She exam...
Social communication supports and services for adults with ASD: parents’ perceptions of barriers and needs

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience significant social communication challenges that impact key areas of life, including relationship and employment success. Evidence points to gr...
The role of Western diets and obesity in peripheral immune cell recruitment and inflammation in the central nervous system.

Abstract As the prevalence of obesity and chronic disease increases, the role of nutrition is taking center stage as a potential root cause of not just metabolic-related illnesses, but also of disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Consumption of a modern, westernized diet, such as a high fat diet (HFD) that contains excess saturated fatty acids (SFAs), refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed ingredients has been shown to induce neuroinflammation in multiple brain regions important for energy homeostasis, cognitive function, and mood regulation in rodents, non-human primates, and humans. This review article summarizes the literature showing Western diets, via SFA increases, can increase the reactivity and alter the function of multiple types of immune cells from both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, with a specific focus on microglia, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T-cells. These changes in immune and neuroimmune signaling have important implications for neuroinflammation and brain health and will be an important factor in future psychoneuroimmunology research.
Pediatric Migraine Presentation and Treatment Algorithm

Children are not young adults; thus, we have to take a different approach with caring for this population. Children may have similar pathophysiology as adults but respond differently to psychosocial variants and may have some clinical variants that are not present in adults. For example, pain itself is a subjective feeling that is objectively measured with specific pain scales, but this can be challenging to assess in younger children who have difficulties expressing symptoms they are experiencing. Standard pain-related questions may not capture the full picture, as children may have a difference in perception of pain. It is important to note that most of the information collected may be primarily provided by parents/guardians. When taking the history, it is more advantageous to direct specific questions to the child at a level he/she understands. The primary goal is to gather relatively good history and description of the symptoms using clues, even drawings (this has shown to be a very sensitive tool in younger children). It is the only way to discover what the child is feeling without having the clinical symptoms translated through an interpreter (the parents/guardians), for example, a little boy goes into a dark room and stops playing (photophobia) or a 5-year-old girl drawing herself with a hammer hitting her head (throbbing). This chapter will review key differences in childhood primary headache presentations and summarize different strategies used in treating those headaches including acute, preventive, and behavioral therapies.