cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age-related changes in structural connectivity are improved using subject-specific thresholding

Abstract Background Deterministic diffusion tractography obtained from high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) requires user-defined quantitative anisotropy (QA) thresholds. Most studies employ a common threshold across all subjects even though there is a strong degree of individual variation within groups. We sought to explore whether it would be beneficial to use individual thresholds in order to accommodate individual variance. To do this, we conducted two independent experiments. Method First, tractography of the arcuate fasciculus and network connectivity measures were examined in a sample of 14 healthy participants. Second, we assessed the effects of QA threshold on group differences in network connectivity measures between healthy young (n = 19) and old (n = 14) individuals. Results The results of both experiments were significantly influenced by QA threshold. Common thresholds set too high failed to produce sufficient reconstructions in most subjects, thus decreasing the likelihood of detecting meaningful group differences. On the other hand, common thresholds set too low resulted in spurious reconstructions, providing deleterious results. Comparison with existing methods Subject specific thresholds acquired using our QA threshold selection method (QATS) appeared to provide the most meaningful networks while ensuring that data from all subjects contributed to the analyses. Conclusions Together, these results support the use of a subject-specific threshold to ensure that data from all subjects are included in the analyses being conducted.
Designing Inclusive STEM Activities: A Comparison of Playful Interactive Experiences Across Gender

The STEM toy market is primarily designed for, and targeted to, boys. Even the Maker Movement, which has been hailed as movement for all types of people, is dominated by males. In this paper, we take a mixed-methods approach to identify the affordances of activity design that engage first through sixth grade girls in STEM play. We present data from three workshops where we tracked and analyzed 45 students' choices from one of two squishy circuits activities-free play or a socially relevant storybook design task. Using logistic regression, we show that the odds of choosing the storybook activity over free play were approximately 23 times higher for girls than for boys. Through the analysis of one-on-one interviews, we found that most girls were drawn to the storybook activity because they either wanted to help others or the design task provided them with a starting point.
Analytics Environments on Demand: Providing Interactive and Scalable Research Computing with Windows

Historically, the experimental and observational sciences have been well served by traditional High Performance Computing (HPC). More recently, researchers from the life sciences and other domains have joined the HPC ranks. Cloud computing offers promising alternatives to HPC, yet neither HPC nor cloud are sufficient to the meet the computational needs of researchers in other academic domains -- those newer to research computing and big data -- for example, from the social sciences, digital humanities and from professional schools, such as Law and Business. This paper describes the development and practice of a research computing service that provides interactive and scalable computing in a Windows environment, including the technical and end-user support challenges that were overcome to provide the service.
Energy and Air Pollution Consequences of Traffic Systems Management

Abstract This report describes the development of a freeway model (FREQ4CP) and its application in assessing the energy and air pollution consequences of traffic systems management. A previously developed model (FREQ3CP) was modified to include fuel consumption and air pollution impacts. Procedures were also developed which predict spatial and modal shifts due to freeway traffic management strategies. The FREQ4CP freeway model was applied to a 12.6 mile inbound section of the Santa Monica Freeway in Los Angeles during the morning peak period. Analysis was completed for an entry control traffic management strategy with priority operations. Primary attention was given to sensitivity analysis of speed limits, design improvements, operating environments and demand levels in assessing the energy and air pollution consequences of traffic systems management.
Sampling Transgenic Corn Producing Bt Toxins for Corn Earworm Injury

Transgenic corn, Zea mays L., hybrids expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt near isolines were sampled for injury from Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in North and South Carolina from 2012 to 2017. A total of 7,260 ears were sampled, with an average kernel injury from H. zea feeding of 1.22 ± 0.02 (SEM) cm2. The χ2 statistics for observed and Poisson predicted distributions of the area of kernel injury indicated nonrandom distributions for all hybrids (P 0.05) different from a value of one or significantly (P 100), particularly at low levels of injury. Sample sizes for estimates within 30% of the mean (Dx = 0.3) were considerable smaller. Sample size for Bt hybrids relative to non-Bt hybrids varied with the levels of injury and with family. Our study has provided the first sampling recommendations for population estimates of H. zea injury to corn ears.
Internships in Leisure Services: An Analysis of Student and Practitioner Perceptions and Expectations

The purpose of this study was to investigate student and practitioner differences in perceptions and expectations of undergraduate internships in recreation. An on-line survey that examined the rol...
Studies on the breeding of self-pollinating cereals

There exists a great amount of genetic diversity and of free as well as potential variability among and within the familial lines. Consequently, natural selection acting through heterozygote advantage and differential competing ability has often sufficient plasticity in the genetic composition to mould into better adaptive types. Whether fitness and agronomic productivity of a bulk population are improved simultaneously would depend upon the relationship between the two genetic systems governing them. In case of a linear correlation such as one observed in the barley material studied, the bulk method seems to be quite promising, particularly in view of the great economy in cost and labour involved in the entire program. Another important feature is, at least on theoretical grounds, the greater stability in the performance of a mixed population owing to a wider adaptive base against different environments, or such adverse factors as a coevolving group of some pathogenic races. However, it appears that progress under natural selection is perhaps too slow and therefore, artificial selection might also be resorted to at suitable stages in the bulk program on the basis of usual testing and evaluating procedures. Isolation of superior familial lines by the F10 or F15 generation followed by their separate bulk propagation might prove an efficient scheme.
PROPERTIES OF THREE X70 GRADE LINE PIPES

ABSTRACT Three 24-inch-diameter × 0.75-inch-wall DSAW X70 grade line pipes were evaluated in the laboratory. All three had been fabricated from recently developed microalloyed steels. The steels for all of the pipes had been controlled rolled; two of the steels had been processed using on-line accelerated cooling following controlled rolling. Microstructural and mechanical property characteristics of the pipe steels were examined. Mechanical properties determined included tensile properties, Charpy V-notch impact properties, drop-weight-tear-test properties, and fracture propagation behavior in full-scale burst tests. Susceptibility to strain aging, response to stress-relief thermal treatments, and susceptibility to hydrogen-induced stepwise cracking also were examined. This paper summarizes the results of the evaluations of the three line pipes.
Issues and Trends in Instructional Technology: Maximizing Budgets and Minimizing Costs in Order to Provide Personalized Learning Opportunities

Comprising four sections: Overall Developments; Corporate Training and Development; Higher Education; and K-12 Education, this chapter synthesizes the findings of major annual reports including, ASTD’s Annual Review of Workplace Learning and Development Data (State of the industry, 2012: ASTD’s annual review of workplace learning and development data, Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training & Development); The EDUCAUSE 2011 Core Data Service Report (The EDUCAUSE 2011 core data service report: Highlights and insights into higher education information technology, Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE); ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and Information Technology, 2012 (ECAR Study of undergraduate students and information technology, 2012, Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research); NMC Horizon Report: 2012 Higher Education Edition (NMC horizon report: 2012 Higher education edition, Austin, TX: The New Media Consortium); Going the distance: Online education in the United States, 2011 (Going the distance: Online education in the United States, 2011, Babson Park, MA: Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group, LLC); Education Week’s, Technology Counts 2012; The New Media Consortium and the Consortium for School Networking’s, The 2012 Horizon Report: K-12 Edition; and Project Tomorrow’s Speak Up National Findings Reports,. Mapping a Personalized Learning Journey: K-12 Students and Parents Connect the Dots with Digital Learning (Mapping a personalized learning journey: K-12 students and parents connect the dots with digital learning, http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/2012_PersonalizedLearning.html), and Personalizing the Classroom Experience—Teachers, Librarians and Administrators Connect the Dots with Digital Learning (Personalizing the classroom experience: Teachers, librarians and administrators connect the dots with digital learning, http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/pdfs/SU11_PersonalizedLearning_Educators.pdf). The authors note continued increased interest in and use of online learning, increased use of shared resources, and continued interest in making best use of the mobile devices students bring with them to learning environments.
Elemental Imagination: Deconstructive Phenomenology and the Sense of Environmental Ethics

Many researchers and activists have shown that the global ecological crisis is largely due to anthropocentric attitudes, whereby humans have acted as if they have a privileged position that legitimates efforts to control the natural environment for human gain. Although many non-anthropocentric theories and practices have been proposed to counteract anthropocentrism, all of these centrisms have problems, as they presuppose a false dichotomy between humans and the rest of the world. This dichotomy can be overcome through participation in imagination, particularly insofar as imagination is shown to be an elemental force and not merely a faculty of human thinking or perceiving. Such an elemental imagination is conveyed through deconstructive phenomenology, which is a phenomenology exposed to and responsible for what shows itself in all its complexity and alterity. There are many prominent theorists who practice deconstructive phenomenology, of which this chapter draws on three: Jean-Luc Nancy, who expresses a philosophy of the sense of the world, John Sallis, who develops a monstrous account of the force of imagination, and David Wood, who coined the phrase deconstructive phenomenology. Irreducible to the dichotomy between anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric, participation in the elemental force of imagination can be better described as anthropocosmic, an adjective that marks the relations interconnecting humans with elemental nature. An anthropocosmic sense of environmental ethics promotes responsible actions that are determined not by referring to any exclusive or determinate center, but by imagining possibilities and deliberating about the risks and opportunities facing a diverse plurality of shifting and indeterminate centers.
Computational discovery of chemically patterned surfaces that effect unique hydration water dynamics.

The interactions of water with solid surfaces govern their apparent hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, influenced at the molecular scale by surface coverage of chemical groups of varied nonpolar/polar character. Recently, it has become clear that the precise patterning of surface groups, and not simply average surface coverage, has a significant impact on the structure and thermodynamics of hydration layer water, and, in turn, on macroscopic interfacial properties. Here we show that patterning also controls the dynamics of hydration water, a behavior frequently thought to be leveraged by biomolecules to influence functional dynamics, but yet to be generalized. To uncover the role of surface heterogeneities, we couple a genetic algorithm to iterative molecular dynamics simulations to design the patterning of surface functional groups, at fixed coverage, to either minimize or maximize proximal water diffusivity. Optimized surface configurations reveal that clustering of hydrophilic groups increases hydration water mobility, while dispersing them decreases it, but only if hydrophilic moieties interact with water through directional, hydrogen-bonding interactions. Remarkably, we find that, across different surfaces, coverages, and patterns, both the chemical potential for inserting a methane-sized hydrophobe near the interface and, in particular, the hydration water orientational entropy serve as strong predictors for hydration water diffusivity, suggesting that these simple thermodynamic quantities encode the way surfaces control water dynamics. These results suggest a deep and intriguing connection between hydration water thermodynamics and dynamics, demonstrating that subnanometer chemical surface patterning is an important design parameter for engineering solid−water interfaces with applications spanning separations to catalysis.
Independent Component Analysis Using RRAMs

Resistive random-access memories (RRAM)s are considered a promising candidate for neuromorphic circuits and systems. In this letter, we investigate using TiO 2 RRAMs to solve blind source separation problem through independent component analysis (ICA) for the first time. ICA has numerous uses including feature extraction. We deploy a local, unsupervised learning algorithm (error-gated Hebbian rule) to extract the independent components. The online evaluation of the weights during the training is studied taking into consideration the asymmetric nonlinear weight update behavior. The effects of the device variability are considered in the results. Finally, an example of de-mixing two Laplacian signals is given to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.
Competing Standpoints of Code-Switching in Classroom Instruction of the Pre-Service Secondary Teachers

The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the types and functions of code-switching in the discourse utterance of the twenty four pre-service secondary teachers in English, Math and Science in classroom instruction, and to investigate the participants’ different standpoints in the use of code-switching in classroom instruction. To achieve the purpose of the study, the documented classroom observations and individual in-depth interviews served as the multiple tools that led towards achieving the goals of the study. After a careful analysis of data, the results revealed that among the types of code-switching employed by the participants in classroom instruction, intra-sentential was the most regular type used, followed by intersentential code-switching. The least among the types used was tag. The result further revealed that among the functions of code-switching, addressee specification came out to be the function most used by the participants. It was followed by reiteration. The third in rank among the functions was message qualification. Direct quotation was found in a very minimal instance. Personalization or objectivization was never found in the analysis of transcripts in the three content areas. From the positive and negative standpoints of the participants on the use of code-switching in classroom instruction, theresults revealed seven major themes. For the positive standpoints, the major themes were interpersonal communication enhancer, lexical difficulty replacer, and lesson enhancer. For the negative standpoints, the major themes were oral communication barrier, habit, vocabulary deficiency, and dependence on first language.
Revisiting the Appearance of Grating Lobes for Antennas With Circular Periodicity

This work aims to provide insight into the appearance of grating lobes when the geometry of an antenna exhibits circular periodicity. Examples of such antennas can be uniform circular arrays or rib-deployable umbrella reflectors. The array factor for a single-ring uniform circular array is first analyzed in depth to estimate the location of the grating lobes in both the elevation and azimuth directions. Further, simple analytical expressions are derived to estimate the level of grating lobes that occur nearest to the main beam. We also extend these formulations to predict the behavior of grating lobes when the array elements are arranged in the form of concentric rings, which is more suitable for modeling apertures of antenna that possess circular periodicity.
Implementation Lessons from Six Early Head Start - Child Care Partnerships

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This study examined the development and implementation of six Early Head Start Child Care Partnerships (EHS-CCPs), unique collaborations between EHS grantees and communit...
Effective Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Heparin and Enoxaparin Derivatives

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of historic proportions and continues to spread globally, with enormous consequences to human health. Currently there is no vaccine, effective therapeutic or prophylactic. Like other betacoronaviruses, attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by the spike glycoprotein (SGP). In addition to its well-documented interaction with its receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), SGP has been found to bind to glycosaminoglycans like heparan sulfate, which is found on the surface of virtually all mammalian cells. Here, we pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 SGP on a third generation lentiviral (pLV) vector and tested the impact of various sulfated polysaccharides on transduction efficiency in mammalian cells. The pLV vector pseudotyped SGP efficiently and produced high titers on HEK293T cells. Various sulfated polysaccharides potently neutralized pLV-S pseudotyped virus with clear structure-based differences in anti-viral activity and affinity to SGP. Concentration-response curves showed that pLV-S particles were efficiently neutralized by a range of concentrations of unfractionated heparin (UFH), enoxaparin, 6-O-desulfated UFH and 6-O-desulfated enoxaparin with an IC50 of 5.99 μg/L, 1.08 mg/L, 1.77 μg/L, and 5.86 mg/L respectively. The low serum bioavailability of intranasally administered UFH, along with data suggesting that the nasal epithelium is a portal for initial infection and transmission, suggest that intranasal administration of UFH may be an effective and safe prophylactic treatment.
Shadowgraph Visualization of the Scattering of Focused Ultrasonic Waves at Bone-like Constructs

Background: Despite a wealth of literature on medical high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), there are knowledge gaps related to therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of bone obstructions. In particular, the literature on detailed imaging of ultrasonic wave-scattering at bones to validate numerical models is still sparse. Objective: Experimentally investigate the ultrasonic energy deposition in areas surrounding flat and curved bone-like obstructions. Methods: Imaging from a diffraction-based shadowgraph method is used to visualize ultrasound wave propagation in laboratory water tank experiments. The experiments are performed with no obstruction, varying partial obstruction, and with complete obstruction by bone-like constructs. In addition, hydrophone measurements and numerical simulations are performed for similar bone obstruction configurations, and the results are compared. Results: The shadowgraph technique produces high-resolution images of the wave transmission through and reflection from bone-like constructs. There is generally good agreement between experimental findings and numerical results. In particular, hydrophone measurements match closely with simulation data for both obstructed and unobstructed cases. Also, shadowgraph images qualitatively confirm simulation and hydrophone measurements. Conclusions: Overall, the results of this work demonstrate the utility of shadowgraph imaging in the development and evaluation of novel treatments in the field of therapeutic ultrasound.
Two Concepts of Populism

In this paper two concepts of populism are identified, explicated, and critically discussed. Their links with underlying views of democracy are emphasized. It is argued that the second concept, but not the first concept, is both consistent with the values of pluralism and inclusion and also expresses a normatively defensible aspiration for greater economic democracy.
Neural crest lineage analysis: from past to future trajectory.

Since its discovery 150 years ago, the neural crest has intrigued investigators owing to its remarkable developmental potential and extensive migratory ability. Cell lineage analysis has been an essential tool for exploring neural crest cell fate and migration routes. By marking progenitor cells, one can observe their subsequent locations and the cell types into which they differentiate. Here, we review major discoveries in neural crest lineage tracing from a historical perspective. We discuss how advancing technologies have refined lineage-tracing studies, and how clonal analysis can be applied to questions regarding multipotency. We also highlight how effective progenitor cell tracing, when combined with recently developed molecular and imaging tools, such as single-cell transcriptomics, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization and high-resolution imaging, can extend the scope of neural crest lineage studies beyond development to regeneration and cancer initiation.
Eucharistic interdependence: A biblical theology of support raising:

Missionary support raising is at the nexus of theology, mission, and money. How do denominations fund mission work and missionaries? What does that funding reveal about missiological mindsets? How ...
Measuring the impact of blockchain and smart contracts on construction supply chain visibility

Abstract This work assesses the impact of blockchain and smart contracts on the visibility of construction supply chain and in the context of payments (intersection of cash and product flows). It uses comparative empirical experiments (Charrette Test Method) to draw comparisons between the visibility of state-of-practice and blockchain-enabled payment systems in a commercial construction project. Comparisons were drawn across four levels of granularity. The findings are threefold: 1) blockchain improved information completeness and information accuracy compared with the digital state-of-practice solution; 2) the improvements were significantly more pronounced for information queries that had higher product, trade, and temporal granularity; and 3) blockchain-enabled solution was robust when faced with more granular information queries, while the conventional solution experienced 50% and 66.7% decline respectively in completeness and accuracy of information. The paper concludes with a discussion of mechanisms contributing to visibility and the implications for the construction industry.
The Physician’s Role in Treating NVLD

Children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD) present a complex, varied set of characteristics. This chapter provides a framework to help better understand these children and the role that physicians can have in providing these children, adolescents, and young adults excellent care.
Non-indigenous freshwater crabs in France: a new occurrence of a potamid near Nice

The presence of a crab in the Cagne River, in south-eastern France near Nice (Alpes-Maritimes), has been known since about 1985 (M. Pascal 2000, personal communication). A brachyuran crab of the genus Potamon Savigny, family Potamidae Ortmann, referred to by locals as the ‘‘blue crab’’, was first observed in 2000 ( J.-L. Teyssie 2002, personal communication) and then collected in this river in 2000 and the following years. The occurrence of the crab was confirmed in 2005 by new field observations by one of us (P. Noel) and also documented by canyoning enthusiasts and fishermen (Barla 2005, Teyssie 2005). This crab is totally dependent on freshwater, even if it is located not very far from the sea (about 10 km); it shows a direct development without freeswimming larvae and has no recognizable close relatives in the sea. The species has been presumably introduced with Turkish imported crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz) in the 1960s and 1970s, but its precise origin in Turkey is unknown. There is no doubt that the crab introduced into France belongs to the genus Potamon (type species: Potamon fluviatile Savigny, junior subjective synonym of Cancer potamios Olivier; nec Cancer fluviatilis Herbst), the only genus which occurs around the Mediterranean Basin, in North Africa and
An estimation-theoretic framework for image-flow computation

A novel framework for computing image flow from time-varying imagery is described. This framework offers the following principal advantages. First, it allows estimation of certain types of discontinuous flow fields without any prior knowledge about the location of discontinuities. The flow fields thus recovered are not blurred at motion boundaries. Second, covariance matrices (or alternatively, confidence measures) are associated with the estimate of image flow at each stage of computation. The estimation-theoretic nature of the framework and its ability to provide covariance matrices make it very useful in the context of applications such as incremental estimation of scene-depth using techniques based on Kalman filtering. The framework is used to recover image flow from two image sequences. To illustrate an application, the image-flow estimates and their covariance matrices thus obtained are also used to recover scene depth. >
Comprehensive Criminal Procedure

When the authors created the first edition of Comprehensive Criminal Procedure, they tied it to contemporary thinking in the field and made it reflect the realities of the course as it is actually taught, covering both investigative and adjudicative topics. For the Second Edition, they revise and refine their materials to present the very latest developments in the field.
Percival: A searchable secret-split datastore

Maintaining information privacy is challenging when sharing data across a distributed long-term datastore. In such applications, secret splitting the data across independent sites has been shown to be a superior alternative to fixed-key encryption; it improves reliability, reduces the risk of insider threat, and removes the issues surrounding key management. However, the inherent security of such a datastore normally precludes it from being directly searched without reassembling the data; this, however, is neither computationally feasible nor without risk since reassembly introduces a single point of compromise. As a result, the secret-split data must be pre-indexed in some way in order to facilitate searching. Previously, fixed-key encryption has also been used to securely pre-index the data, but in addition to key management issues, it is not well suited for long term applications. To meet these needs, we have developed Percival: a novel system that enables searching a secret-split datastore while maintaining information privacy. We leverage salted hashing, performed within hardware security modules, to access prerecorded queries that have been secret split and stored in a distributed environment; this keeps the bulk of the work on each client, and the data custodians blinded to both the contents of a query as well as its results. Furthermore, Percival does not rely on the datastore's exact implementation. The result is a flexible design that can be applied to both new and existing secret-split datastores. When testing Percival on a corpus of approximately one million files, it was found that the average search operation completed in less than one second.
Integrated chip-scale simulation of pattern dependencies in copper electroplating and copper chemical mechanical polishing processes

We present a characterization and modeling methodology for chip-level simulation of pattern dependencies in the fabrication of copper interconnects. The methodology integrates semi-empirical models for copper CMP and copper plating processes, and uses a specialized test mask and design of experiments for calibration purposes. We demonstrate the methodology with a four step copper CMP process and a superfill electroplating technology example.
Whole cell sodium conductance of principal cells freshly isolated from rat cortical collecting duct

Cortical collecting duct fragments were manually dissected from 6-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The fragments were enzymatically digested (collagenase A) into single cells, washed, and resuspended in...
Specific heat shock proteins protect microtubules during simulated ischemia in cardiac myocytes

The protective effects of heat shock proteins (HSPs) during myocardial ischemia are now well documented, but little is known about the mechanisms of protection and the specificity of different HSPs...
RNA-Seq analysis of laser-capture microdissected cells of the developing central starchy endosperm of maize

Endosperm is a product of double fertilization, and provides nutrients and signals to the embryo during seed development in flowering plants. Early stages of endosperm development are critical for the development of its storage capacity through synthesis and accumulation of starch and storage proteins. Here we report on the isolation and sequencing of mRNAs from the central portion of the starchy endosperm of Zea mays (maize) B73 at 6 days after pollination. We detected a high level of correlation among the four biological replicates of RNAs isolated using laser-capture microdissection of the cell type. Because the assayed developmental stage precedes the synthesis and accumulation of the major storage proteins and starch in the endosperm, our dataset likely include mRNAs for genes that are involved in control and establishment of these storage programs. The mRNA-Seq data has been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (accession number GSE58504).
Adjuvant immunotherapy in melanoma with irradiated autologous tumor cells and low dose cyclophosphamide.

Background Patients with metastatic melanoma to their regional lymph nodes have a poor prognosis despite lymphadenectomy. In an attempt to improve their survival, this feasibility study was undertaken. Methods Twenty-two melanoma patients, who presented with enlarged regional lymph nodes, underwent therapeutic lymphadenectomy. They were found to have N2 nodal disease, with no evidence of distant metastases, i.e., advanced Stage III disease. One month after the lymphadenectomy, each patient received five autologous tumor vaccines. Each vaccine consisted of 20 x 106 irradiated autologous tumor cells (20,000 cGy) injected intradermally. The first two vaccines contained BCG and were given 1 week apart. The other three vaccines consisted of irradiated tumor cells only without BCG, administered over 2-, 4-, and 8- week intervals, respectively. Cyclophosphamide was administered intravenously as 300 mgm/m2 3 days prior to vaccines 1, 4, and 5 to reduce the population of T-suppressor cells. The patients were observed with no additional therapy. Three patients developed recurrences and these site were resected, and the patients were revaccinated in the same fashion utilizing the new tumor cells. Results After a follow-up of 4–6 years, 15 patients (including 3 who were revaccinated) of the initial 22 patients (68.2%) are alive free of disease. Conclusions Adjuvant immunotherapy with irradiated autologous melanoma cells and low dose cyclophosphamide seemed to yield better relapse-free survival than the historically reported 10–25%. J. Surg. Oncol. 64:17–22 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression of a cytomegalovirus-human growth hormone-releasing hormone precursor fusion gene in transfected GH3 cells

Abstract Pituitary GH 3 cells were transfected with a human growth hormone-releasing hormone (hGRH) precursor minigene fused to the promoter region of either a cytomegalic immediate early gene (pCMV) or the mouse metallothionein-1 gene (mMT) to examine the molecular heterogeneity of the translation products. Expression of the hGRH message occurred following transfection of the cells with each fusion gene. Extracts of pCMV-hGRH-transfected GH 3 cells as well as the culture medium contained detectable levels of immunoreactive (ir)-hGRH peptides. Analysis of molecular heterogeneity by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay indicated that both mature forms of hGRH (hGRH(1–44)-NH2 and hGRH(1–40)-OH) were synthesized in the cells, although hGRH(1–44)-NH 2 was the primary form secreted into the medium. A high molecular weight form of ir-hGRH, believed to represent the hGRH precursor (or a partially processed form of the precursor) was detected in cells and, in smaller amounts, in the medium. Several ir-hGRH peptides, presumed cleavage products of the mature forms of hGRH, were also found. The efficiency of processing of the hGRH precursor and metabolism of the mature hormonal forms in transfected cells grown in the presence of four different peptidase inhibitors varied with the inhibitor present. Transfected GH 3 cells, therefore, possess all of the necessary enzymes for and are capable of processing the hGRH precursor to mature GRH and provide a model to study hGRH biosynthesis.
ohmage: An open mobile system for activity and experience sampling

We present ohmage, a mobile to web platform that records, analyzes, and visualizes data from both prompted experience samples entered by the user, as well as continuous streams of data passively collected from sensors onboard the mobile device. ohmage has been used in a number of research health studies. Key challenges in these deployments are engaging participants to sustain data collection in long-lived campaigns, conserving battery power, and extracting accurate inferences from the collected streams. To address these challenges, we have incorporated feedback from hundreds of behavioral and technology researchers, focus group participants, and end-users of the system in an iterative design process. We summarize this rich feedback, and present the resulting system.
Impact ionization of deep acceptor gold in germanium

Abstract We observed the dependence of conductivity on an applied high electric field in compensated gold-doped germanium between 77 and 300K. A slight decrease in conductivity, mainly due to the field-dependent carrier mobility, is followed by a relatively large increase in conductivity. The magnitude of this increase depends on the lattice temperature, being larger at low temperatures, and on the compensation ratio. The increase in conductivity is supposed to be due to impact ionization of the frozen-out neutral acceptor gold in the strong electric field. This interpretation is supported by the temperature dependence of the hole concentration in the gold-doped germanium.
Phylogeography, morphological variation and taxonomy of the toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus (Dinophyceae)

Abstract Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi et Fukuyo 1979 is a toxin-producing marine dinoflagellate responsible for the syndrome known as ciguatera, which sickens thousands of people every year. Despite its importance, little is known regarding the global genetic structure of this species; therefore, it is unclear whether documented variation in toxin production and outbreaks of ciguatera are the result of ecological triggers or the presence of different genetic strains across the geographic range of G. toxicus . We examined the molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics of 28 globally distributed G. toxicus isolates by sequencing part of the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA and analyzing the thecal architecture using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our analyses showed that G. toxicus is comprised of at least four distinct lineages (Clades A–D) separated by substantial genetic distances. One of the clades recovered in the phylogenetic analysis (Clade B) is morphologically distinct, the characteristics of which agree with the species description of Gambierdiscus belizeanus Faust 1995. The remaining three lineages; however, are morphologically homogeneous and may represent cryptic species. SEM analyses showed that an important morphological feature used to distinguish Gambierdiscus morphospecies, the apical pore (Po) plate shape, was variable among isolates of G. toxicus and did not reflect phylogenetic groupings; hence, its utility as a diagnostic feature is questionable. Our analyses suggest that G. toxicus is not a single cosmopolitan species with a worldwide circumtropical distribution but instead comprises a wide-ranging species complex. The presence of multiple cryptic species could partly explain the seemingly random patterns of ciguatera toxicity across geography.
Occluding Contours for Multi-view Stereo

This paper leverages occluding contours (aka "internal silhouettes") to improve the performance of multi-view stereo methods. The contributions are 1) a new technique to identify free-space regions arising from occluding contours, and 2) a new approach for incorporating the resulting free-space constraints into Poisson surface reconstruction. The proposed approach outperforms state of the art MVS techniques for challenging Internet datasets, yielding dramatic quality improvements both around object contours and in surface detail.
Improved metallization for surface acoustic wave devices

Abstract Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators operating at frequencies in the range 100–500 MHz employ lightly coupled high Q (10 000–20 000) acoustical cavities. Resonators fabricated with pure aluminum transducers showed the formation of dendrite-like growths and a degraded electrical response after a relatively short operating time at high power levels. The similarity to thermally induced metal migration led to identifying the problem as stress-induced material migration. Resonator devices fabricated with 2% copper-doped aluminum films showed up to 65 times greater lifetime than the devices fabricated with pure aluminum. The unique amplitude and frequency conditions present in SAW resonators make them useful for evaluating films for their resistance to stress migration.
Abstract B20: Breast cancer progression suppressor miR-290 targets breast cancer biomarker Arid4b

Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been classified as metastasis regulators in breast cancer, yet few studies have examined how germline variations may promote metastasis via miRNA dysregulation. To explore this concept, highly metastatic MMTV-PyMT mice were crossed with 25 AKXD (AKR/J × DBA/2J) recombinant inbred strains to produce F1 progeny with varying metastatic indices. All mammary tumors in the F1 progeny were evaluated by miRNA microarray and correlated with metastatic index to produce miR-290 (containing mature miR-290-3p and miR-290-5p) as one of the top candidates. Further analysis showed miR-290-3p was downregulated in normal lung and breast tissue from highly metastatic AKR/J strains versus less metastatic DBA/2J strains, thereby supporting a germline component to miR-290 regulation. Next, when miR-290 was ectopically expressed in Mvt-1 and 6DT1, and orthotopically injected into FVB/N mice, a significant reduction in both mammary tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastases was observed. Computational analysis identified breast cancer biomarker Arid4b as a top target of miR-290-3p, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, these results suggest germline genetic changes may reduce miR-290 expression, in turn increasing Arid4b expression, to create a predisposition towards breast cancer progression. Citation Format: Natalie Goldberger, Renard Walker, Chang Hee Kim, Kent Hunter. Breast cancer progression suppressor miR-290 targets breast cancer biomarker Arid4b [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B20.
Induction of Epithelial Neoplasms in the Ovaries of Guinea Pigs by Estrogenic Stimulation

Abstract Objective. We have been searching for an animal model for ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Our previous study suggested that by giving intermediate doses of testosterone to guinea pigs it is possible to induce cystadenomas in the ovaries in 6 to 10 months. Methods. In this study we investigated the effect of different estrogens including estradiol, diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone, dienestrol, and hexestrol in 24 guinea pigs. Five guinea pigs received sterile water and were used as controls. Results. Bilateral serous cysts were seen in the ovaries of five guinea pigs that received low (0.25 and 0.35 mg) and intermediate (0.5 and 0.7 mg) doses of estradiol for 2 to 9 months. Surface papillary neoplasms were seen in the ovaries of four guinea pigs that received DES at an intermediate dose (6 mg) and high doses (10 and 12 mg) for 3 to 12 months. The ovaries of the other guinea pigs were unremarkable. Estradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in three guinea pigs. In the serum it ranged from 450 to 580 pg/ml, and in the ovarian cystadenomas it ranged from 1020 to 6575 pg/ml. Conclusions. (1) It is possible to induce ovarian neoplasms using estrogenic hormones. (2) The best results are obtained with intermediate doses of estradiol and DES. (3) These two hormones induce different lesions: estradiol is associated with cystic lesions and DES with surface papillary tumors. These observations, together with our previous finding that testosterone induces neoplasms with a predominantly glandular pattern, establish the guinea pig as an excellent animal to study ovarian neoplasms, confirm the significance of hormones in the development of ovarian epithelial tumors, and suggest that the different histologic appearance of ovarian epithelial neoplasms might be related to different hormonal effects.
Drosophila melanogaster auxilin regulates the internalization of Delta to control activity of the Notch signaling pathway.

We have isolated mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster homologue of auxilin, a J-domain–containing protein known to cooperate with Hsc70 in the disassembly of clathrin coats from clathrin-coated vesicles in vitro. Consistent with this biochemical role, animals with reduced auxilin function exhibit genetic interactions with Hsc70 and clathrin. Interestingly, the auxilin mutations interact specifically with Notch and disrupt several Notch-mediated processes. Genetic evidence places auxilin function in the signal-sending cells, upstream of Notch receptor activation, suggesting that the relevant cargo for this auxilin-mediated endocytosis is the Notch ligand Delta. Indeed, the localization of Delta protein is disrupted in auxilin mutant tissues. Thus, our data suggest that auxilin is an integral component of the Notch signaling pathway, participating in the ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis of Delta. Furthermore, the fact that auxilin is required for Notch signaling suggests that ligand endocytosis in the signal-sending cells needs to proceed past coat disassembly to activate Notch.
Mary, Michael, and Lucifer: Folk Catholicism in Central Mexico

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Setting, People, and Village 3. History 4. The Family 5. Ritual Kinship 6. The Faces of Evil 7. The Ceremonial Cycle 8. The Struggle with Evil 9. Los Aires 10. Syncretism and Social Meanings: An Overview Notes Bibliography Index
An Effective Field Theory for Heavy Quarks at Low-energies

I construct a Lorentz invariant effective field theory description of QCD in the presence of heavy quarks at energies large compared to the QCD scale and small compared to the heavy quark mass, formalizing the ideas of Isgur and Wise and of Eichten and Hill. The theory is built by “integrating in” degrees of freedom to implement a superselection rule for the velocity of the heavy quark.
Water temperature sensing with microtomography

Small-scale marine environments (bays, marinas, etc.) are dynamic environments where diverse flora and fauna come into close contact with man-made processes. Yet, water temperature monitoring of coastal environments is spatially sparse due to the cost of acquiring, deploying and maintaining buoys. Here we introduce microtomography: using precise time-of-flight calculations for acoustic signals sent over short distances to measure water temperature. Traditionally, tomography is used at ocean scale, however here we apply the key concepts to a sensor network to enable real-time monitoring of water temperature while also improving the spatial resolution of the data. We present our prototype underwater acoustic sensor nodes and experimental results that indicate a temperature resolution of approximately one-tenth of a degree Celsius. We also present our microtomography simulation software that allows us to study the feasibility of building complex marina-scale tomography systems and the requirements that must be met by the underlying sensor network.
Construction of Al-Mn decagonal zone axes from distorted icosahedra

Abstract The structural relationships between the icosahedral and decagonal phases in AL-Mn alloys are identified on the basis of selected-area diffraction patterns, convergent-beam diffraction studies of Kikuchi bands and stereographic analysis. We demonstrate that the decagonal high-symmetry axes can be constructed from two appropriately distorted icosahedra rotated 36° about a common fivefold axis with respect to one another. A new zone-axis-indexing system based on the distorted icosahedral construction is proposed for the decagonal phase. In addition an atomic model for the decagonal phase is proposed.
Observing tropospheric trace gases from space: recent advances and future capabilities

Abstract We present a brief overview of the methodology developed over the past decade to derive tropospheric ozone fields from satellite measurements and will highlight some of the recent progress that has resulted in the ability to formulate its depiction on a daily basis. For the first time, we present a climatology of tropospheric ozone derived from TOMS and SBUV observations using the empirically corrected tropospheric ozone residual methodology described in Fishman and Balok (1999) and Balok and Fishman (2001). When compared to an earlier published tropospheric ozone data set that had been derived from TOMS and SAGE measurements, much better agreement is found than when uncorrected SBUV data had been used. The availability of such a data set will allow for much better temporal resolution than had been previously available. Despite the recent advances made through the technique presented here as well as the satellite capabilities that are currently just over the horizon, it is suggested that a quantum leap in measurement capability can be attained through the use instruments on geostationary platforms.