cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basic Concepts of Dairy Sire Selection

Sire selection is one of the most important decisions that a dairy producer makes. It represents a great opportunity to improve the profitability of the dairy production enterprise. This new 3-page fact sheet reviews some key concepts that should be considered in order to make proper selection decisions and discusses alternative methods for selecting sires based on multiple traits. Written by Francisco Penagaricano, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an337
Physics-Guided Recurrent Graph Networks for Predicting Flow and Temperature in River Networks

This paper proposes a physics-guided machine learning approach that combines advanced machine learning models and physics-based models to improve the prediction of water flow and temperature in river networks. We first build a recurrent graph network model to capture the interactions among multiple segments in the river network. Then we present a pre-training technique which transfers knowledge from physics-based models to initialize the machine learning model and learn the physics of streamflow and thermodynamics. We also propose a new loss function that balances the performance over different river segments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in predicting temperature and streamflow in a subset of the Delaware River Basin. In particular, we show that the proposed method brings a 33\%/14\% improvement over the state-of-the-art physics-based model and 24\%/14\% over traditional machine learning models (e.g., Long-Short Term Memory Neural Network) in temperature/streamflow prediction using very sparse (0.1\%) observation data for training. The proposed method has also been shown to produce better performance when generalized to different seasons or river segments with different streamflow ranges.
Epistemologies of Resistance: Knowledge in the Peruvian Amazon

Epistemologies of resistance are knowledge frameworks that challenge oppressive structures and the ideologies that sustain them. In this paper, I analyze three weeks of ethnographic eldwork among the Ashaninka of the Peruvian Amazon to demonstrate the ways in which the epistemologies that I encountered challenge oppressive structures and their underlying ideologies. My ndings consider the use of social and environmental context as epistemic indicators. I contrast these context - dependent epistemologies with the context - independent epistemologies that dominate contemporary “Western” thought, where the goal is to separate knowledge from context. I then consider how, as hybrid epistemologies that have emerged out of interaction and exchange in a globalized world, indigenous knowledge frameworks resist the notion of a binary di erence between indigenous and “Western” itself. These epistemologies of resistance critique the double binds created and sustained through the colonial model.
Induced axion-phason field in Weyl semimetals

The Weyl semimetal in a constant magnetic field is investigated with the ground state for the lowest ($n=0$) Landau levels corresponding to spin-down (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{3}=\ensuremath{-}1$). In the presence of an electron-phonon coupling in the ground state, an attractive interaction for the polarized spin and opposite chirality is generated. A two-body attractive interaction projected to the two lowest ($n=0$) chiral Landau levels with the same spin polarization is obtained. The higher Landau level states ($n\ensuremath{\ne}0$) are treated at the one-loop approximation with the two chiralities containing spins polarized as ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{3}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$. Using the chiral anomaly in one dimension we show that the sliding phase is controlled by the electric field. This theory, for a Weyl semimetal with two nodes in the direction of the applied magnetic field, gives rise to a sliding charge density wave observed by Gooth et al. [Nature (London) 575, 315 (2019)].
Analysis of Biochemistry Students' Graphical Reasoning Using Misconceptions Constructivism and Fine-Grained Constructivism: Why Assumptions about the Nature and Structure of Knowledge Matter for Research and Teaching.

In this work, we discuss the importance of underlying theoretical assumptions in research, focusing on the conclusions reached when analyzing data from a misconceptions constructivist (stable, unitary) perspective in contrast to a fine-grained constructivist (resources, knowledge-in-pieces) perspective. Both frameworks are rooted in the idea that students construct knowledge based on experiences, but differ in terms of assumptions about the nature and structure of knowledge. Importantly, we argue that misconceptions constructivism and fine-grained constructivism represent different models that can be used to draw conclusions about student reasoning in order to modify instruction. To this end, we present the results of a qualitative study that focused on how students reasoned graphically, analyzing biochemistry student exam responses (n = 50) using both the misconceptions constructivist framework and the fine-grained constructivist framework. The prompts analyzed were two open-ended exam questions administered in a biochemistry course, with the questions requiring students to draw conclusions about rate and reason about how graphs (such as a typical Michaelis–Menten plot) are constructed. As part of this work, themes emerged related to (1) alternative conceptions for reaction rate, reaction order, and Michealis–Menten plots (misconceptions constructivist interpretation), as well as (2) perceptual cuing that lead students to attend to less relevant surface features (fine-grained constructivist interpretation).
Visualizing spatial differences in corneal electroretinogram potentials using a three-dimensional surface spline.

Objective The spatial distribution of activity at the retina determines the spatial distribution of electroretinogram (ERG) potentials at the cornea. Here a three-dimensional surface spline method is evaluated for interpolating corneal potentials between measurement points in multi-electrode electroretinography (meERG) data sets. Approach 25-channel meERG responses were obtained from rat eyes before and after treatment to create local lesions. A 3rd order surface spline was used to interpolate meERG values resulting in smooth color-coded maps of corneal potentials. Potential maps were normalized using standard score values. Pre- and post-treatment responses were characterized by spatial standard deviation and by difference-from-normal plots. Main results The spatial standard deviation for eyes with local lesions were significantly higher than for healthy eyes. The 3rd order spline resulted in well-behaved corneal potential maps that maintained low error rate when up to 30% of recording channels were excluded from analysis. Post-normalization, responses could be combined within experimental groups, and individual eyes with lesions were clearly distinguished from the healthy-eye mean response. A 3rd order surface spline is an acceptable means of interpolating meERG potentials to create corneal potential maps. The spatial standard deviation is more sensitive to local dysfunction than absolute amplitudes. Significance This work demonstrates solutions to key challenges in the recording and analysis of meERG responses: visualization, normalization, channel loss, and identification of abnormal responses. Continued development of the meERG technique is relevant to research and clinical applications, especially where local dysfunction (early progressive disease) or local therapeutic effect (subretinal injection) is of interest.
Treatment of an Adult with Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

Pathological skin picking, known as excoriation (skin-picking) disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is a chronic and disabling obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder characterized by repeated picking of the skin resulting in tissue damage. This chapter describes the successful treatment of a 33-year-old woman with moderate-to-severe excoriation disorder. Treatment comprised two assessment sessions followed by nine sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Specific interventions included psychoeducation, self-monitoring and awareness training, stimulus control, competing response training, contingency management, cognitive restructuring, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills.
Use of undercover cameras - a reply.

Dear Editor, Dr. Rumney raises an interesting possibility about slaughter cameras exciting more antipathy to the beef industry. My colleague, Temple Grandin, makes an excellent point in response to that possibility. She explains that what people imagine is often more horrific than reality — compare horror programs on radio versus television! According to her, the “open door” strategy has worked well all over Europe. Failure to provide camera access is likely to invite thoughts of “what are they hiding?”
Three Controls are Better than One: A Computational Model of Complex Control Systems

This paper investigates theories that integrate and extend currently accepted agency- and transaction-based approaches to organizational control. We use a computational model to build three forms of control systems (market, bureaucratic, clan) and three forms of control targets (input, behavior, output). Using these models, we examine relationships between control systems and both singular and multiple control targets. Results of this study support the emerging “broader” perspective on organizational control research and suggest that managers can improve organizational performance by focusing attention on multiple control targets. In addition, findings partially support posited relationships between control systems and singular control targets. The authors suggest that results of this study should direct scholars to refocus control research from examinations of singular forms of control to evaluations of more complex control systems.
Immunocytochemical Studies of Astrocytes in Normal Development and Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the immunocytochemical studies of astrocytes in normal development and disease. The most prominent feature of astrocytic gliosis is gliofibrillogenesis, the production of glial filaments. Considerable evidence indicates that the glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein first isolated from multiple sclerosis plaques is the main protein constituent of the glial filaments. Recent advances in understanding of glial filaments and GFA protein-containing cells are mainly because of the development of specific and avid antiserum to the GFA protein. The use of GFA antiserum has proven useful in retrospective and prospective studies of human brain tumors, especially in assisting the diagnosis of difficult brain tumors, and has provided new insight into the function of GFA protein, glial filaments, and glial cells. The chapter discusses the collective experience with GFA antibodies in the study of glial filaments and GFA protein-containing cells in normal development and in disease. It discusses the relation of glial filaments to neurofilaments and microtubules. The chapter describes GFA protein immunocytochemistry and retrospective pathology.
Secure replica allocation in cloud storage systems with heterogeneous vulnerabilities

Highly available cloud storage is often implemented with complex, multi-tiered distributed systems built on top of clusters of commodity servers and disk drives. Storage reliability, security and performance are among the top desired features when clients consider storing data on cloud storage. Although replication improves reliability and performance in cloud storage systems, data replication increases the risk of data storage in an insecure network environment. When a cloud storage scales up, storage nodes are very likely to become heterogeneous in nature. In this study, we propose a secure replica allocation scheme called SecRA to improve security, reliability, and performance of a cloud storage system where storage nodes have a wide variety of vulnerabilities. Our SecRA integrates the techniques of replication and fragmentation with secret sharing in a heterogeneous cloud system, where storage nodes are comprised of various server types in terms of vulnerability characteristics. SecRA allocates data replicas of fragments of a file to as many different types of nodes as possible. For the replicas of the same fragment, SecRA tries to allocate these replicas to the same type of nodes in the system. Data assurance is significantly improved, because the replicas of different fragments of a file are allocated to multiple types of storage nodes. To quantitatively evaluate the quality of security offered by SecRA, we develop a storage assurance model. Our analytically results show that replica allocations made by SecRA lead to enhanced security thanks to the consideration of heterogeneous vulnerabilities in cloud storage systems.
A Hydrogen-Oxidizing, Fe(III)-Reducing Microorganism from the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire.

Abstract A dissimilatory Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing bacterium was isolated from bottom sediments of the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. The isolate was a facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rod which did not appear to fit into any previously described genus. It was temporarily designated strain BrY. BrY grew anaerobically in a defined medium with hydrogen or lactate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. BrY required citrate, fumarate, or malate as a carbon source for growth on H2 and Fe(III). With Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor, BrY metabolized hydrogen to a minimum threshold at least 60-fold lower than the threshold reported for pure cultures of sulfate reducers. This finding supports the hypothesis that when Fe(III) is available, Fe(III) reducers can outcompete sulfate reducers for electron donors. Lactate was incompletely oxidized to acetate and carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Lactate oxidation was also coupled to the reduction of Mn(IV), U(VI), fumarate, thiosulfate, or trimethylamine n-oxide under anaerobic conditions. BrY provides a model for how enzymatic metal reduction by respiratory metal-reducing microorganisms has the potential to contribute to the mobilization of iron and trace metals and to the immobilization of uranium in sediments of Great Bay Estuary.
Replication of poliovirus RNA and subgenomic RNA transcripts in transfected cells

Full-length and subgenomic poliovirus RNAs were transcribed in vitro and transfected into HeLa cells to study viral RNA replication in vivo. RNAs with deletion mutations were analyzed for the ability to replicate in either the absence or the presence of helper RNA by using a cotransfection procedure and Northern (RNA) blot analysis. An advantage of this approach was that viral RNA replication and genetic complementation could be characterized without first isolating conditional-lethal mutants. A subgenomic RNA with a large in-frame deletion in the capsid coding region (P1) replicated more efficiently than full-length viral RNA transcripts. In cotransfection experiments, both the full-length and subgenomic RNAs replicated at slightly reduced levels and appeared to interfere with each other's replication. In contrast, a subgenomic RNA with a similarly sized out-of-frame deletion in P1 did not replicate in transfected cells, either alone or in the presence of helper RNA. Similar results were observed with an RNA transcript containing a large in-frame deletion spanning the P1, P2, and P3 coding regions. A mutant RNA with an in-frame deletion in the P1-2A coding sequence was self-replicating but at a significantly reduced level. The replication of this RNA was fully complemented after cotransfection with a helper RNA that provided 2A in trans. A P1-2A-2B in-frame deletion, however, totally blocked RNA replication and was not complemented. Control experiments showed that all of the expected viral proteins were both synthesized and processed when the RNA transcripts were translated in vitro. Thus, our results indicated that 2A was a trans-acting protein and that 2B and perhaps other viral proteins were cis acting during poliovirus RNA replication in vivo. Our data support a model for poliovirus RNA replication which directly links the translation of a molecule of plus-strand RNA with the formation of a replication complex for minus-strand RNA synthesis.
The Quest for the Adult Cardiac Stem Cell

Over the past 2 decades, cardiac regeneration has evolved from an exotic fringe of cardiovascular biology to the forefront of molecular, genetic, epigenetic, translational, and clinical investigations. The unmet patient need is the paucity of self-repair following infarction. Robust regeneration seen in models such as zebrafish and newborn mice has inspired the field, along with encouragement from modern methods that make even low levels of restorative growth discernible, changing the scientific and technical landscape for effective counter-measures. Approaches under study to augment cardiac repair complement each other, and encompass grafting cells of diverse kinds, restarting the cell cycle in post-mitotic ventricular myocytes, reprogramming non-myocytes, and exploiting the dormant progenitor/stem cells that lurk within the adult heart. The latter are the emphasis of the present review. Cardiac-resident stem cells (CSC) can be harvested from heart tissue, expanded, and delivered to the myocardium as a therapeutic product, whose benefits may be hoped to surpass those achieved in human trials of bone marrow. However, important questions are prompted by such cells' discovery. How do they benefit recipient hearts? Do they contribute, measurably, as an endogenous population, to self-repair? Even if "no," might CSCs be targets for activation in situ by growth factors and other developmental catalysts? And, what combination of distinguishing markers best demarcates the cells with robust clonal growth and cardiogenic potential?
CO Emission at z = 0.437 Toward 3C 196

We report the detection of CO(1-0) emission during a systematic search at and around the position of the QSO 3C 196 at the redshift of the 21-cm absorp­tion system. The strongest detected CO(1-0) emission was 1’south of the line of sight to 3C 196 and represents approximately 1011M⊙ of molecular gas. We also detect weaker CO emission at the QSO position, but we are unable to distinguish between the possibilities that this emission arises from the source which is ~ 1’ S of the 3C 196 or that the CO emission arises from two or more emission regions spread over ~200 kpc.
Sequential Distributed Detection in Energy-Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks

The recently proposed sequential distributed detector based on level-triggered sampling operates as simple as the decision fusion techniques and at the same time performs as well as the data fusion techniques. Hence, it is well suited for resource-constrained wireless sensor networks. However, in practical cases where sensors observe discrete-time signals, the random overshoot above or below the sampling thresholds considerably degrades the performance of the considered detector. We propose, for systems with stringent energy constraints, a novel approach to tackle this problem by encoding the overshoot into the time delay between the sampling time and the transmission time. Specifically, each sensor computes the local log-likelihood ratio (LLR) and samples it using level-triggered sampling. Then, it transmits a single pulse to the fusion center (FC) after a transmission delay that is proportional to the overshoot, as in pulse position modulation (PPM). The FC, upon receiving a bit decodes the corresponding overshoot and recovers the transmitted LLR value. It then updates the approximate global LLR and compares it with two threshold to either make a decision or to continue the sequential process. We analyze the asymptotic average detection delay performance of the proposed scheme. We then apply the proposed sequential scheme to target detection in wireless sensor networks under the four Swerling fluctuating target models. It is seen that the proposed sequential distributed detector offers significant performance advantage over conventional decision fusion techniques.
Sudden unexpected death in young adult due to right ventricular dysplasia

This case report illustrates a rare familial cardiomyopathy first reported in the medical literature in 1982 known as right ventricular dysplasia (right ventricular cardiomyopathy). The patient is a young woman with a history of cardiac arrhythmias suspected to be associated with prolapsed mitral valve who presented to the Berks Country Coroner's office as a sudden unexpected death in a young adult. It is important to recognize the illustrated classic cardiac pathology of this rare entity for clinical management, as an anatomic explanation of cause of sudden death and for the accumulation of statistics to establish frequency, conditions of predisposition, response to therapy and predicted outcome.
Feature-map methods for extracting sound frequency modulation

The role of frequency modulation (FM) in the auditory system is investigated. Psychoacoustic evidence shows that FM is a cue for noncontextual auditory scene analysis, and neurophysiological evidence shows that it is detected by neurons in some animal auditory systems. Some filters for detecting FM in sound are presented. One method uses correlation of a kernel with a time-frequency representation of cochlear neural impulses of a sound to reveal its FM components. Another correlation method is based on detecting FM in channel-by-channel autocorrelation images, with some data reduction and sharpening applied. The filters are tuned for various spatiotemporal frequencies to extract information about sound with various FM characteristics, producing maps showing time-frequency points at which the features are present. These maps can allow another process to decide what sources are present or to use FM cues for pattern recognition. >
Bcl-3, a multifaceted modulator of NF-κB-mediated gene transcription

The transcription factor, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and associated regulatory factors make up a multi-component signaling pathway that regulates a wide range of biological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, stress response, and death, as well as immunity and inflammation. Aberrant NF-κB pathway activity is known to be associated with a host of diseases, including immune deficiencies, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Recent advances in our understanding of the inner workings of the NF-κB pathway have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we focus on the regulation of the NF-κB pathway by Bcl-3 (B cell leukemia-3), a nuclear member of the IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) family. Both the regulation and the function of Bcl-3 will be discussed.
Interactions of lysophospholipids and mast cells

PHOSPHOLIPID and protein are the major components of biological membranes, and much is known about their organisation in various cell membranes1,2. An important question concerns the existence and significance of specific protein–phospholipid interactions in membranes. Among the methods used to elucidate these interactions is the study of the regulatory function of specific phospholipids in intact cells. Phosphatidylserine (PS) enhances the secretory response of the mast cell3 in a highly specific manner. Other diacyl phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid, are ineffective3–5 and several N-substituted derivatives of PS are competitive inhibitors of the effect of PS on mast cells6. Furthermore, PS selectively enhances the response of cells to IgE-dependent secretagogues7,8 without increasing the response of the cells to IgE-independent agents such as polymyxin B9, chymotrypsin3, compound 48/80 (refs 3, 9), or A23187 (D. L. and T. W. M., unpublished). As histamine secretion involves a major alteration in the organisation of membrane components10, the effect of PS on secretion makes it possible to study a complex membrane event with an established phospholipid specificity. Previously, we have used PS of various fatty acid compositions11: dimyristoyl PS, dipalmitoyl PS, and distearoyl PS. We now provide evidence that lysophosphatidyl-serine (lyso-PS) generated from bovine brain PS by the action of phospholipase A2 activates mast cell secretion induced by concanavalin A (Con A) at 1/30th to 1/50th the concentration of PS required for an equivalent response. Although some characteristics of the activation of mast cell secretion by lyso-PS resemble those observed with PS, its mode of interaction with the cell may be different; PS acts on mast cells in a micellar state12, but lyso-PS acts to potentiate secretion well below its critical micelle concentration (CMC).
Vanadium tetrahydroborates: preparation and characterization of V(.eta.2-BH4)3(PMe3)2 and the unusual unidentate BH4- complex V(.eta.1-BH4)2(dmpe)2

V(BH 4 ) 3 (PMe 3 ) 2 cristallise dans le systeme orthorhombique, groupe d'espace Pnma et sa structure est affinee jusqu'a R=0,034. V(BH 4 ) 2 (dmpe) 2 cristallise dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe d'espace P2 1 / n avec R=0,032
Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Model and Child Psychopathology: Laboratory and Questionnaire Assessment of the BAS and BIS.

The Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) are widely studied components of Gray's sensitivity to reinforcement model. There is growing interest in integrating the BAS and BIS into models of risk for psychopathology, however, few measures assess BAS and BIS functioning in children. We adapted a questionnaire measure and reaction time task from adult studies to assess the BAS and BIS in a sample of 9-12 year olds (N = 63; 42% female). A continuous performance task was also administered to assess physiological correlates of the BAS and BIS. Factor analysis supported 3 subdimensions of the BAS (Drive, Reward Responsivity, and Impulsivity/Fun seeking), and one dimension of the BIS (sensitivity to punishment). Results supported the utility of the questionnaire measures and reaction time task as assessments of BAS and BIS functioning. Moreover, these measures were associated with internalizing and externalizing problem behavior as expected. High levels of impulsivity/fun seeking, but not drive or reward responsivity, were associated with high levels of externalizing problems, whereas high levels of sensitivity to punishment were associated with high levels of internalizing behavior problems. The relation between physiological indices and caregiver reports of the BAS, BIS, and problem behavior were complex and not consistent with expectation.
The Inconsistent Role of Comparison Others and Procedural Justice in Reactions to Hypothetical Job Descriptions: Implications for Job Acceptance Decisions

Abstract This paper explores a systematic inconsistency in the impact of social information on reactions to hypothetical job descriptions. When evaluating hypothetical job offers separately, individuals tend to be influenced more by social information, such as information concerning the outcomes of comparison others and procedural justice information about the job, than by their own outcome. In contrast, when making choices among multiple offers, individuals rely more on their own outcome. We argue that when individuals have only a single offer, they use the salaries of comparison others and procedural justice information concerning the job to interpret the worth of that offer because they lack an alternative referent. However, when they have multiple offers, they can easily compare their own outcomes across offers and thus rely less on comparison others and procedural justice information. In Study 1, we examined the relative importance of absolute salary versus relative salary (difference in salary from comparison others) in hypothetical job choices. Subjects exhibited greater concern for relative salary when evaluating single job offers than when evaluating multiple job offers simultaneously. In Study 2, we examined the relative importance of absolute salary versus procedural justice in hypothetical job choices. Subjects exhibited a greater concern for procedural justice when evaluating single job offers than when evaluating multiple job offers simultaneously.
Towards accurate acoustic localization on a smartphone

Since our daily activities are dominantly indoor, as smart phones emerge as the most popular personal computing companions, major IT companies recently launched aggressive investment on mobile indoor location services and positioning systems, e.g., on iOS or Android mobile devices. However, one major hurdle has not been conquered yet: smart phone-based high-resolution indoor localization. In this paper, we propose a practical solution for accurate ranging and localization based on acoustic communication between anchor nodes with speakers and the microphone on a smartphone. To identify different anchor nodes and enable time-of-arrival (TOA) ranging, we propose approaches for signal modulation, symbol detection and demodulation, synchronization and ranging. Experimental results show that the communication bit-error-rate and ranging accuracy is sufficient for our target applications. The preliminary results of localization demonstrate that our algorithm could achieve highaccuracy of 23cm in the offline mode with a promising potential for realtime smartphone-based indoor localization.
The Climatic Limitations of the Mexican Bean Beetle.

The phenomenal spread of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna corrupta , in the Eastern United States and its potentialities for destroying the bean crop are viewed with alarm by neighboring states now free of the beetle.
The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: functional outcome after total knee replacement varies with patient attributes.

Total knee replacement effectively relieves arthritis pain but improvement in physical function varies. A clearer understanding of the patient attributes associated with differing levels of functional gain after TKR is critical to surgical decision making. We reviewed 8050 primary, unilateral TKR patients enrolled in a prospective registry between 2000 and 2005 who had complete data. We evaluated associations between 12-month function (SF12/PCS) and preoperative gender, age, BMI, emotional health (MCS), knee diagnosis, quadriceps strength, and physical function (PCS). More than 98% of patients reported pain relief (KS pain score). At 12 months, mean PCS gain was 13.6 points, but the distribution was bimodal. The mean gain in PCS in the 63% of patients with greater improvement was 21 (SD = 7), and 4.1 (SD = 7) in the remaining 37%. Increased likelihood of poor functional gain was associated with older age, body mass index (BMI) over 40, lower MCS, and poor quadriceps strength. While two-thirds of patients reported functional gain well above national average at 12 months post-TKR, 37% reported limited functional improvement. Further understanding of the patient attributes associated with limited improvement will guide the design of innovative strategies to improve functional outcomes.
Room-temperature post-yield creep

Post-yield creep of smooth specimens at room temperature in nine different metals was studied. Significant creep was observed in eight of the nine metals tested. The average creep strain from all tests was equal to nearly half of the total strain after one hour at constant load. Creep strains of significant magnitude were also found to occur within plastic enclaves of otherwise elastically deformed notched members. The characteristics of localized creep in the notched members strongly parallel the creep behavior observed in unnotched members. The need to consider time-dependent deformation in experimental mechanics is discussed. Post-yield time-dependent deformation as a cause of failure, as a cause of residual-stress relaxation affecting fatigue life, and as a primary feature of inelastic deformation needing to be modeled, are also discussed.
Literature review of the usefulness of nerve conduction studies and electromyography for the evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. AAEM Quality Assurance Committee

The sensitivity and specificity of nerve conduction studies (NCS's) and electromyography (EMG) for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were evaluated by a critical review of the literature. With a search of the medical literature in English through May 1991, 165 articles were identified and reviewed on the basis of six criteria of scientific methodology. The findings of 11 articles that met all six criteria and the results of 48 additional studies that met four or five criteria are presented. We concluded that median sensory and motor NCS's are valid and reproducible clinical laboratory studies that confirm a clinical diagnosis of CTS with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Clinical practice recommendations are made based on a comparison of the sensitivities of the several different median nerve conduction study (NCS) techniques.
Reliability and Validity of the Career Influence Inventory: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this psychometric study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Career Influence Inventory (CII), an instrument designed to assess perceived influences on career development and planning. The CII was administered to 564 undergraduates from several southwestern United States universities. Results of the exploratory factor analysis with an oblique rotation revealed that six constructs comprised the CII: parent, teacher, and friend influences, negative social events, high school academic experiences and self-efficacy, and ethnic-gender expectations. Findings indicate that the negative social events factor should be viewed as an emerging construct in comprehending career development and planning. The Cronbach's alphas for the six factors ranged from .74 to .91. The moderate correlations among most CII factors suggest the dynamic nature of career influences.
A mesh-based partition of unity method for discontinuity modeling

This study explores a numerical analysis scheme, the manifold method, within the framework of the partition of unity method. The manifold method is rooted in the discrete element method and has been used in solving discrete-continuum interaction problems. At its core, two meshes are employed in an analysis: the mathematical mesh provides the nodes for building a finite covering of the solution domain and the partition of unity functions; while the physical mesh provides the domain of integration. After providing a geometric interpretation and giving a construct overview, the working of the method is illustrated with a number of examples.
Diet and prevention of colorectal cancer

There is a 20-fold difference in incidence rates of colorectal cancer between the areas of highest incidence (North America and Australia) and lowest incidence (India). Animal studies, epidemiologic research, and clinical trials continue to focus on diet in the search for responsible environmental factors. Between 1997 and 1999, a number of research areas have had considerable activity, and they provide the focus for this review. Among foods, vegetables, cereals, and soy have been topics of recent research. Nutrients from foods and supplements have also gained attention, including n-3 fatty acids, calcium, and B vitamins. Gene-environment interactions are beginning to be studied in populations. Studies of the interaction between polymorphisms in the gene for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and dietary components for risk of both colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps provide a glimpse into the future of diet and cancer research.
Why is (Teaching) Project Management Hard in Academia

This paper discusses issues resulting from the author's experience in teaching human factors and ergonomics design project courses, including a recent project examining features of project management software applied to academic environments. The experiences of the design project team, as well as other issues in managing the author's research lab, indicate significant issues associated with attempting to apply industry-based project management tools, processes, and expectations to a university-based teaching and learning environment. Rather than demonstrate an empirical solution to the title question, this paper presents a series of queries to examine in the context of limits and opportunities in higher education to enhance students' preparation for entering a information economy workforce.
Linking Training to Organizational Impact.

Organizations are successful to the extent to which they deliver things which are useful to clients. In order to run effectively and efficiently, many organizations spend large amounts of time and money in professional and technical training. If training is not linked to that which an organization uses, does, and delivers, the investment is better made elsewhere.
Building fully customisable middleware using an aspect-oriented approach

Applications accrue features in response to the needs of all users, yet the associated code bloating and performance loss often render an application unsuitable for some other users whose needs differ. As a result, developers are often faced with either reinventing pieces of an application, custom tailored to their needs, or they are faced with the daunting task of refactoring an existing application to obtain an appropriate subset of that application's functionality. In either case, subsequent development, maintenance and testing of the application becomes more complex, due to the effects of future revisions on all of the derived subsets. In the paper, the authors report their experience of using aspect-oriented programming in building a CORBA event channel using a compositional approach to building software. Instead of refactoring a large, feature-rich application, a feature can be added by including that feature's aspect in the set provided to an aspect compiler. In addition to generic feature management, a study of the effect of the transport layer (CORBA) on overall performance of the event channel is conducted. Finally, experimental results on how such an approach gives fine control over footprint and throughput performance is presented.
Vincristine alters myoelectric activity and transit of the small intestine in rats.

Abstract We investigated the motility of the small intestine in unanesthetized rats receiving vincristine (0.075, 0.50, 0.75 mg/kg i.v.). Motility was determined by two methods: myoelectric activity was monitored with indwelling bipolar electrodes, and intestinal transit was measured by the movement of radiochromium (Na 51 CrO 4 ). Only the animals injected with the two higher doses had two distinct patterns of altered intestinal myoelectric activity within 2 h of drug administration. The first alteration occurred 44 ± 6 min after vincristine administration and consisted of a marked increase in action potential activity with disruption of the migrating myoelectric complex. The second alteration consisted of a reappearance of the activity front of the migrating myoelectric complex with a significantly shorter periodicity. A marked reduction in spike activity occurred 3 days after vincristine injection in 3 of 10 animals receiving vincristine. A biphasic response was noted in intestinal transit. Disrupted activity front formation was associated with a significant delay in small bowel transit. In contrast, frequent activity front formation in rats was associated with significantly hastened transit. In summary, vincristine administration induces alterations of myoelectric activity of the small intestine in fasted rats and is associated with changes in intestinal transit.
Symmetry changes in He scattering from a Si(111) surface exposed to H atoms

Abstract Changes which occur on, and just below, the surface of a Si(111)-(7×7) crystal when it is dosed with H atoms are complex and still not well described. Measurements of He atom diffraction (HAS) from this surface in the [121] or [211] directions give scans which are asymmetric about the specular angle. The scans become symmetric when the surface is exposed to doses of H atoms sufficient to give coverages of 0.1 to 14 ML, if the atoms all stick. This means that the 3-fold rotational symmetry of the clean surface becomes 6-fold after the addition of the H atoms and shows that the faulted and unfaulted regions of the DAS model become equivalent as they are averaged by the He beam, although the large 49-atom unit cell remains. Thus this surface is not Si(111)-H(1×1), the equilibrated product of H-atom addition which is about 0.3 eV lower in energy, but a metastable intermediate state(s). Comparison of results from HAS with those from other techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy, help to characterize this surface.
Special considerations for Orthodox Jewish patients in the emergency department

Orthodox Jews are a special cultural group; their entire lives revolve around the teaching of the Torah. Their religious beliefs are reflected in all aspects of their lives, in both health and illness. The emergency department at Maimonides Medical Center has strived to serve this community and has modified common patient care practices to meet the needs of this special population.
Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Copromyza Fallén (s.s.) (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)

The genus Copromyza Fallen (s.s.) is redefined phylogenetically and the world species and their relationships are reviewed. Copromyza is hypothesized as the sister group of Lotophila, Dudaia, Afroborborus, Gymnometopina , and Metaborborus . Eleven species are recognized: C. neglecta (Malloch), C. stercoraria (Meigen), C. pseudostercoraria Papp, C. parastercoraria Papp, C. pappi sp. nov., C. hackarsi (Vanschuytbroeck), C. pedipicta Richards, C. zhqngensis sp. nov., C. borealis Zetterstedt, C. similis (Collin), and C. equina Fallen. Two nominal species are synonymized, Borborus calcitrans Spuler with C. neglecta , and B. intermedia Vanschuytbroeck with C. similis . The status of Copromyza pallipes Stenhammar and Cypsela stenhammari Wahlgren is clarified and lectotypes are designated for C. pallipes, C. tibialis Zetterstedt, Borborus infuscatus Roser, and B. similis Collin. Diagnostic descriptions and illustrations for each species are provided in addition to a key, and natural history and distributional data are summarized.
Effective Managerial Communication through Employee Newsletters

This article discusses the employee newsletter as a medium of managerial communication and details the newsletter's usual contents and functions. The article illustrates how managers can use newsletters to communicate informa tion, as well as to motivate employees and to unify an organization. The arti cle also details an effective role for the newsletter editor.
Detoxification from methadone maintenance in a family-oriented program.

Reported attempts at the detoxification of long-term rehabilitated addicts in methadone maintenance programs ham been discouraging. A programmatic approach to the detoxification of a younger, family-centred addict population has been developed by the Family-Maternity Clinic. Of 70 patients who requested detoxification, 62.9 % have remained drug-free and in contact with the program for an average of 11.5 months. An additional 24.2 % of the study group have continued treatment in the program and have been stabilized on lower methadone dosages. Low dose methadone treatment leading to abstinence within two years is a viable therapeutic approach for younger, family-centered addicts.
An introduction to econometric applications of empirical process theory for dependent random variables

This paper discusses some uses in econometrics of empirical process theory for dependent rendom variables. Examples considered include non-standard parametric hypotheses tests and semiparametric estimation. The application of bracketing functional limit results is discussed in some detail
The gist of the abnormal: Above-chance medical decision making in the blink of an eye

Very fast extraction of global structural and statistical regularities allows us to access the “gist”—the basic meaning—of real-world images in as little as 20 ms. Gist processing is central to efficient assessment and orienting in complex environments. This ability is probably based on our extensive experience with the regularities of the natural world. If that is so, would experts develop an ability to extract the gist from the artificial stimuli (e.g., medical images) with which they have extensive visual experience? Anecdotally, experts report some ability to categorize images as normal or abnormal before actually finding an abnormality. We tested the reality of this perception in two expert populations: radiologists and cytologists. Observers viewed brief (250- to 2,000-ms) presentations of medical images. The presence of abnormality was randomized across trials. The task was to rate the abnormality of an image on a 0–100 analog scale and then to attempt to localize that abnormality on a subsequent screen showing only the outline of the image. Both groups of experts had above-chance performance for detecting subtle abnormalities at all stimulus durations (cytologists d' ≈ 1.2 and radiologists d' ≈ 1), whereas the nonexpert control groups did not differ from chance (d' ≈ 0.23, d' ≈ 0.25). Furthermore, the experts’ ability to localize these abnormalities was at chance levels, suggesting that categorization was based on a global signal, and not on fortuitous attention to a localized target. It is possible that this global signal could be exploited to improve clinical performance.
Productive Disruptions: Military Handoffs as Opportunities for Mindful Sensemaking

Research on handoffs typically has focused on minimizing disturbances to continuous operations, emphasizing thorough, accurate transmission of existing knowledge from the incumbent party to a replacement. We suggest that this dominant perspective overlooks the potential of handoffs to serve as productive disruptions, invigorating sensemaking and leading to updated, situationally appropriate understandings and plans of action within dynamic contexts. In an inductive study of 92 interviews from US military personnel participating in the Global War on Terror, we focused on the phenomenon of Relief-in-Place (RIP), where one unit replaces and assumes operational responsibility from another. We found that military personnel used RIPs not only as a time for knowledge transfer, but also as an opportunity for making sense of procedural, structural, and relational changes in their surroundings. This sensemaking was both reactive, in response to strategic decisions by senior commanders, as well as proactive, instiga...
Prophylactic Cryoprecipitate in Congenital Afibrinogenemia

Two siblings with congenital afibrinogenemia received prophylactic infusions of cryoprecipitate in order to prevent serious hemorrhage during early childhood. Three bags (units) of this fibrinogen-containing blood product were administered every 7-10 days for 15 months in one case and 24 months in the other. Hemorrhage was nearly completely prevented during the period of prophylaxis. Side effects from cryoprecipitate were not observed. Prophylactic infusion of cryoprecipitate, made practical by the relatively long half-life of fibrinogen, should be considered in other patients with this disorder.