cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Husband/Partner Intoxication and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the Philippines

This study examined husband/partner intoxication and experience with physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) using data derived from a nationally representative survey conducted in the Philippines in 2013. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between intoxication and 3 different types of intimate partner violence against women. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine intoxication and severity of violence. In this sample, 28.8% of women reported experiencing any form of intimate partner violence and 92.9% of women reported their partner being intoxicated at least sometimes. Intoxication was significantly associated with all 3 types of intimate partner violence, while the odds of experiencing one form of IPVAW versus no form of IPVAW and 2 forms of IPVAW versus 1 form of IPVAW was greater among women reporting frequency of husband/partner intoxication as often.
Parenchyma-Sparing Hepatectomy with Vascular Reconstruction Techniques for Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases with Major Vascular Invasion.

Resectability of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) depends on major vascular involvement and is affected by chemotherapy-induced liver injury. Parenchyma-sparing with combined resection and reconstruction of involved vessels may expand the indications and safety of hepatectomy. Of 92 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM, 15 underwent major vascular resection and reconstruction. The reconstructed vessels were the portal vein (PV) in five cases, the major hepatic vein (HV) in nine cases, and the inferior vena cava in six cases. All PV reconstructions were direct anastomoses. The HV was reconstructed with an autologous inferior mesenteric venous patch or an external iliac vein interposition graft. Total hepatic vascular exclusion was performed for six patients. Of nine patients with HV reconstruction, three had tumors involving all three major HVs, in whom the left HV was reconstructed as an only vein after extended right hepatectomy. In another six patients, multiple bilobar tumors or tumors in the liver that had chemotherapy-induced injury involved one or two HVs. Parenchyma-sparing by reconstruction of the HV was performed to secure the residual liver function. The patients with vascular reconstruction had an operative time of 462 ± 111 min and a blood loss of 1278 ± 528 mL. No complication classified as Clavien–Dindo 3 or more developed. The median hospital stay was 17 days (range 8–26 days). The cumulative 5-year survival rate for all the patients was 54.6 %, with no significant difference according to vascular reconstruction. Parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy combined with vascular reconstruction is a useful option to avoid major hepatectomy among various procedures for resection of CRLM with major vascular invasion.
From Admiralty Meadow to Palace Square

While many have characterized St. Petersburg as the carefully planned creation of the ambitious autocrat Peter the Great, in fact the plans of Peter and his successors were often modified by the needs and habits of the city’s growing population. A key case in point is the process by which Palace Square, the locus of popular, civic and national festivities and solemnities, came to be the city center. This process took place in the eighteenth century and was linked to the gradual pull of the city population to the south, which was eventually recognized and accommodated by Peter’s daughter, Elizabeth, and her brilliant architect, Francesco Rastrelli.
Inversion Asymmetry and Magneto-optics in Semiconductors

By virtue of Kramers’ theorem, in the absence of an externally applied magnetic field, the energy levels of a system containing an odd number of electrons are, at least, doubly degenerate. In the band theory of solids the electrons are supposed to move in an effective periodic potential, its states being characterized by a band index v, a wave vector \( \overrightarrow k \) confined within the fundamental Brillouin zone (BZ) and a spin quantum number. For each set of values of v and \( \overrightarrow k \) there are two orthogonal spin states which wecall s and s’. Denoting the energy eigenvectors by |v,\( \overrightarrow k \),s> we have |v,\( \overrightarrow k \),s’|v,\( \overrightarrow k \),s>=δss’. The states |\( \overrightarrow k \),s> and |-\( \overrightarrow k \),s’> (we omit the band index for simplicity) are degeberate. If the crystal possesses a center of inversion |\( \overrightarrow k \),s> and |-\( \overrightarrow k \),s> are also degenerate. We conclude therefore that, in crystals with a center of inversion, there are, at least, two degenerate states at each point \( \overrightarrow k \) in the BZ. Figure 1 shows schematically the energy as a function of \( \overrightarrow k \) near \( \overrightarrow k \)=0 for the top of the valence band and the local minimum of the lowest conduction band in semiconductors having the diamond structure. Figure 2 shows the similar structure for zinc-blende semiconductors, in which the spin splittings have been grossly exaggerated. The symbols r stand for the usual irreducible representations generated by the Bloch states at k=0 using the notation of Koster et al. [1]. They correspond to the double valued representations of 0h for diamond and Td for zinc-blende.
Nuclear proliferation and the psychology of political leadership

Precisely why some countries seek to obtain nuclear weapons while others do not is a rather more difficult question than many scholars of proliferation are willing to admit. While it is not difficu...
Effect of methoprene treated polymer packaging on fecundity, egg hatchability, and egg-to-adult emergence of Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma variabile

Abstract The fecundity, egg hatchability, and egg-to-adult emergence of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion, were evaluated on untreated and methoprene-treated polyethylene-to-polyethylene (PE-PE) and polyethylene terephthalate-to-polyethylene (PET-PE) packaging at 27 and 32 °C and 60% r.h. Inside and outside surfaces of the packaging were fit into ∼62 cm2 Petri dishes, and 500 mg of flour (T. castaneum) or vanilla shake mix diet (T. variabile) were added to arenas as food for developing larvae. On methoprene-treated PE-PE packaging, hatchability of added T. castaneum eggs was consistently lower than on untreated packaging. On PET-PE packaging, hatchability of T. castaneum eggs on inside surfaces at both temperatures was significantly lower than on untreated packaging. No consistent trends were observed in T. variabilile hatchability between the packaging types, temperatures, and on inside and outside surfaces of untreated and methoprene-treated packaging. The fecundity of T. variabile was not significantly different between the packaging types. None of the T.castaneum eggs on inside and outside surfaces of the PE-PE methoprene-treated packaging emerged as adults. Methoprene-treated PET-PE packaging reduced fecundity of T. castaneum. Generally, hatchability of eggs laid by both species was not significantly different among the treatment combinations. Only the inside surface of PET-PE packaging gave 100% suppression of egg-to-adult adult emergence of T. castaneum. Development of T. variabile larvae was arrested at the pupal stage at both temperatures on the outside surface of methoprene-treated PE-PE packaging, whereas on the inside surface larvae completed development to adulthood. A 87–97% reduction in egg-to-adult emergence of T. variabile was observed on the inside surface of the PET-PE packaging relative to emergence in corrresponding control treatments at both temperatures. The packaging types evaluated in this study can potentially protect food products stored in these packages from infestations of T. castaneum and T. variable.
Novel Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mediators in Sepsis

Sepsis is a global problem with substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures in the U.S. and worldwide. Although we have improved understanding of the pathophysiology related to sepsis, rapid progress of research in this growing field requires a more nuanced approach to matching pathophysiology to therapeutic options against sepsis in a timely manner. Identification of novel pathophysiological events and the development of drugs by targeting novel inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules have opened up different channels for attacking sepsis. Our current chapter encompasses a comprehensive, though by no means complete, summary of novel inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators in sepsis via screening of current literature resources.
On Consonants and Syllable Boundaries

Arthur Bronstein, in his book The Pronounciation of American English (1960), follows the convention of dividing the sounds of the language into two classes—the consonants and the vowels. Within this rubric, he assigns the glottal stop [?], and the glottal fricative [h] to the consonant class, as other textbook authors do. To choose a few examples, [?] is described as a “glottal plosive” and [h] as a “breathed glottal fricative” by Daniel Jones (1956); [?] as a “laryngeal stop” and [h] as a “laryngeal open consonant” by Heffner (1949). The authors thus make the tacit assumption that these sounds share some property with the stops and fricatives and contrast, in some manner, with vowels. In part, this view is a consequence of their distributional properties (Andresen, 1968) and, indeed, their role in the syllable. However, this decision leaves us with the further problem of deciding what syllables are, within which the consonants and vowels may have roles. To continue with our sampling of phonetics texts, we find Malmberg (1963) and MacKay (1978) observing that, although phoneticians may differ on the definition of a syllable, the untrained speaker of a language usually has a clear idea of the number of syllables in an utterance, and this intuitive reality suggests that there must be some corresponding articulatory reality. For convenience, we will ignore the problems of the more general definitions of the syllable (Bell & Hooper, 1978; Pulgram, 1970), though we note that the problem of finding articulatory meaning for the syllable is made more acute by the failure of efforts to find easy distributional definitions.
What does it Mean to be Human

From its inception, the project that inspired this book was one of risk-taking, exposing vulnerabilities and responses to vulnerabilities. The convening of educators (who later became the authors of this book) began as we wrestled with answering: “What makes each of us Human?” Cheri, frustrated with the often rote discourse around issues of diversity, asked this question and worked to create a space for democratic engagement in order to move beyond the typical mold of diversity discussions.
Workplace fatigue is a systems problem.

Workplace fatigue is traditionally treated almost exclusively as an individual issue, and it certainly is the case that individual differences lead some individuals to experience fatigue and, ultimately, to burn out more than others. Yet not enough attention has been paid to factors arising from wor
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Outcomes, Indications, Complications, and Innovations

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard of care for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis in individuals who are at prohibitive surgical risk and presents a viable alternative to surgery in selected patients who are at high operative risk. To date, outcomes from the PARTNER (Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valve) and Medtronic CoreValve® US Pivotal trials continue to show the benefits of TAVR in these high-risk subgroups out to 5 and 3 years, respectively (as reported by Mack et al. Lancet. 85:2477–2484 2015; Kapadia et al. Lancet. 385:2485–2491 2015; Deeb et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 67:2565–2574 2016). Furthermore, the recent release of the PARTNER-2 and SURTAVI trial results among other international data suggest that clinical outcomes for intermediate risk patients may be promising for TAVR compared to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) (as reported by Leon et al. N Engl J Med. 374:1609–1620 2016; Reardon et al. N Engl J Med. 376:1321–1331 2017). However, several questions persist regarding TAVR-specific complications as well as long-term durability. Paravalvular regurgitation, permanent pacemaker implantation, stroke, vascular access injury, and renal failure in post-TAVR patients remain adversaries in the quest to perfect this groundbreaking, game-changing technology (as reported by Khatri et al. Ann Intern Med. 158:35–46 2013). In this review, we provide an up-to-date synopsis of results from landmark clinical trials that cumulatively attest to the comparability of TAVR to best medical therapy and SAVR in extreme-risk, high-risk, and intermediate-risk patient populations. We continue with a review of studies that seek to compare transcatheter vs. surgical valve implantation in lower-risk subgroups. We also introduce ongoing efforts to optimize the peri-procedural management of TAVR and conclude with a presentation of management strategies and new generation valve platforms that seek to address some of the current limitations of transcatheter valve implantation.
Measurement of Crystalline Silica Aerosol Using Quantum Cascade Laser-Based Infrared Spectroscopy.

Inhalation exposure to airborne respirable crystalline silica (RCS) poses major health risks in many industrial environments. There is a need for new sensitive instruments and methods for in-field or near real-time measurement of crystalline silica aerosol. The objective of this study was to develop an approach, using quantum cascade laser (QCL)-based infrared spectroscopy (IR), to quantify airborne concentrations of RCS. Three sampling methods were investigated for their potential for effective coupling with QCL-based transmittance measurements: (i) conventional aerosol filter collection, (ii) focused spot sample collection directly from the aerosol phase, and (iii) dried spot obtained from deposition of liquid suspensions. Spectral analysis methods were developed to obtain IR spectra from the collected particulate samples in the range 750–1030 cm−1. The new instrument was calibrated and the results were compared with standardized methods based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Results show that significantly lower detection limits for RCS (≈330 ng), compared to conventional infrared methods, could be achieved with effective microconcentration and careful coupling of the particulate sample with the QCL beam. These results offer promise for further development of sensitive filter-based laboratory methods and portable sensors for near real-time measurement of crystalline silica aerosol.
The verbal behavior of Ullin T. Place

Ullin Place died on 2 January 2000. His contributions to philosophy and to behavior analysis have earned him an enduring place in our new century. This memorial uses text from his correspondence to...
CTC Marker CD117/c-kit Represents a Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Subpopulation Driving Progression, Migration, and TKI Resistance

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence. CSCs may also represent a subset of tumor-initiating cells, tumor progenitor cells, disseminated tumor cells, or circulating tumor cells (CTCs); however, which of these aggressive cell populations are also CSCs remains to be determined. In a prior study, CTCs in advanced prostate cancer patients were found to express CD117/c-kit in a liquid biopsy. Whether CD117 expression played an active or passive role in the aggressiveness and migration of these CTCs remained an open question. In this study, we use LNCaP-C4-2 human prostate cancer cells, which contain a CD117+ subpopulation, to determine how CD117 expression and activation by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF, kit ligand, steel factor) alter prostate cancer aggressiveness. CD117+ cells displayed increased proliferation and migration. Further, the CD117+ cells represented a CSC population based on stemness marker gene expression and serial tumor initiation studies. SCF activation of CD117 stimulated increased proliferation and invasiveness, while CD117 inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decreased progression in a context-dependent manner. We demonstrate that CD117 expression and activation drives prostate cancer aggressiveness through the CSC phenotype and TKI resistance.
Moulded pulp, expanded polystyrene, moulded and thermoformed plastic containers

Moulded pulp provides a lightweight form of packaging; a container with dimensions 100x100x150 mm can weigh between 25 g and 100 g depending on thickness and density. Such containers and forms are able to absorb shock without transmitting it to the packed item because although the material itself is only slightly resilient, the shock is dissipated by distortion and crushing at the point of impact.
Self-consistent calculations and design considerations for a GaAs nipi doping superlattice solar cell

The authors present design constraints which show that a previously proposed GaAs nipi doping superlattice solar cell structure would not work as an efficient space solar cell. A structure based on the CLEFT process, which shows promise of being an efficient cell with very high radiation tolerance, is proposed. In order to test theoretically its viability and to optimize its design, self-consistent quantum mechanical calculations were made for a number of thicknesses of the n, i, and p layers and the dopings in the n and p layers. These results show that: 1) an i layer is not necessary; in fact, its presence makes it difficult to satisfy one of the key constraints; 2) a near-optimum design with 750-A thick n and p layers with dopings of 2.5E18/cu cm and a selective contact separation of 20 microns would yield both high efficiency and very high radiation tolerance.
Quaternized Chitosan for Ecological Treatment of Bauxite Mining Effluents

One of the major concerns of mining companies is the safety of their tailing dams. Among the cares required to operate such a dam, a proper treatment of the effluent composing its waste stands out, since that, waste must be treated before returned to the environment. In the process of bauxite beneficiation, the effluent level of turbidity is the discard parameter that deserves attention. In this work, quaternized chitosan (TMCCl−) derivative with cationic charge was synthetized and investigated to be used as coagulant in bauxite treatment for tailing dam effluent. The chitosan (CHT) was quaternized by methylation reaction. The quaternized chitosan structure was characterized by the following techniques: FTIR Spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Its thermal stability was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. After quaternized chitosan was obtained, analysis with aluminum sulfate, protonated and quaternized chitosan were executed in jar-test apparatus. The tests were conducted in order to find the optimum pH, velocity gradient, coagulant and alkalizer dosages, as well as coagulation, flocculation and decantation time. The studied coagulants showed good results and reduced the effluent turbidity to levels below determined by legislation. By comparing the coagulants, it was possible to state that quaternized chitosan presented higher reduction of effluent turbidity levels; the tests were performed in the same conditions.
A comparison of valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in failed stentless versus stented surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to compare short- and intermediate-term clinical outcomes, procedural complications, TAVR prosthesis hemodynamics, and paravalvular leak (PVL) in stentless and stented groups. BACKGROUND Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative to surgical redo for bioprosthetic valve failure. There have been limited data on ViV in stentless surgical valves. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients who underwent ViV TAVR in prior surgical bioprosthetic valves at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center from October 2014 to September 2017. Eighty percent (32/40) ViV TAVRs were in stentless, while 20% (8/40) were in stented bioprosthetic valves. RESULTS The primary mode of bioprosthetic valve failure for ViV implantation in the stentless group was aortic insufficiency (78%, 25/32), while in the stented group was aortic stenosis (75%, 6/8). The ViV procedure success was 96.9% (31/32) in stentless group and 100% in stented group (8/8). There were no significant differences in all-cause mortality at 30 days between stentless and stented groups (6.9%, 2/31 versus 0%, 0/8, P = 0.33) and at 1 year (0%, 0/25 versus 0%, 0/5). In the stentless group, 34.4% (11/32) required a second valve compared to the stented group of 0% (0/8). There was a significant difference in the mean aortic gradient at 30-day follow-up (12.33 ± 6.33 mmHg and 22.63 ± 8.45 mmHg in stentless and stented groups, P < 0.05) and at 6-month follow-up (9.75 ± 5.07 mmHg and 24.00 ± 11.28 mmHg, P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS ViV in the stentless bioprosthetic aortic valve has excellent procedural success and intermediate-term results. Our study shows promising data that may support the application of TAVR in stentless surgical aortic valve. However, further and larger studies need to further validate our single center's experience.
Violent trends in hip-hop entertainment journalism:

While the prevalence and adverse effects of violence in hip-hop music and music videos have been studied extensively, hip-hop entertainment journalism, which reports on hip-hop news and events, has...
Recursive Frame Analysis: A Practitioner’s Tool for Mapping Therapeutic Conversation

Recursive frame analysis (RFA), both a practical therapeutic tool and an advanced qualitative research method that maps the structure of therapeutic conversation, is introduced with a clinical case vignette. We present and illustrate a means of mapping metaphorical themes that contextualize the performance taking place in the room, recursively enacted to produce a lineal progression from an opening act to a closing act. RFA is offered to therapists, supervisors, teachers, and researchers as an exit from impoverished ways of framing both the choices we have in how to work with clients as well as the ways in which pedagogy is structured and research conducted. Keywords: Recursive Frame Analysis, Metaphors, Plot Lines, Recursion, Therapeutic Conversations Recursive frame analysis (RFA) is both a practical therapeutic tool and an advanced qualitative research method that maps the structure of therapeutic conversation (Keeney, 1991; see also Chenail, 1995). In its simplest form, it presents the plot line or storyboard of a session, indicating whether there is movement through a beginning, middle, and end phases. For instance, if a client presents a beginning complaint about a problem, the therapist can move the session plot line toward an ending that underscores problem resolution. Getting from the start to the finish, however, requires a transitory middle phase that teeters between leaning back into problem maintenance versus advancing into a successful outcome. This is not the only form a session may traverse; it is simply a common idealized structure for therapeutic work. 1
Risk factors and detection methods of children's preclinical atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis has been the world's primary cause of death.Studies have shown that early intervention in preclinical stage of atherosclerosis among children can reverse the disease and ultimately reduce the morbidity of atherosclerosis related diseases after they grow up, which is crucial to reduce and eliminate the harm of atherosclerosis.Now, the risk factors and detection methods of children's preclinical atherosclerosis were reviewed. Key words: Child; Preclinical atherosclerosis; High risk factors; Detection
Venetoclax and hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia: Mayo Clinic series on 86 patients

Venetoclax and hypomethylating agent (HMA) combination therapy is FDA-approved for elderly or unfit acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients unable to withstand intensive chemotherapy. The primary objective of the current study was to impart our institutional experience with the above regimen, outlining response, survival outcomes, and its determinants amongst 86 treatment- naive and relapsed/refractory AML patients. A total of 44 treatment-naive AML patients, median age 73.5 years, enriched with secondary, therapy related and ELN adverse risk disease (n = 27) were studied. The CR/CRi rates of 50% (22 of 44 patients) were superior to 23% in a matched AML cohort treated with HMA alone (P = .005). Response rates were similar with TP53, FLT3, NPM1 and IDH mutations (P = .31). Moreover, CEPBA mutations (P = .03) and neutropenia (P = .05) emerged as predictors of complete response. Survivalwas prolonged in patients achieving CR/CRi (17 vs 3 months without CR/CRi, P 65 years, AML with myelodysplasia, JAK2, DNMT3A, and BCOR mutations predicted complete response. Survival distinctions were based on CR/CRi (median survival 15 vs 3 months with/without CR/CRi; P < .001), and TP53 mutation status (P = .04). In summary, we corroborate existing reports demonstrating superior response and prolonged survival with venetoclax and HMA in treatment -naive and relapsed/refractory AML patients regardless of genotype. Additionally, we identify unique predictors of response to therapy which require validation.
The indefinite in the Descartes-More correspondence

In this article, I consider Descartes’ enigmatic claim that we must assert that the material world is indefinite rather than infinite. The focus here is on the discussion of this claim in Descartes...
Beyond “doing no harm”: saddle points in anonymization and masking as socialized practices for new researchers

A central challenge to addressing what becomes taken-for-granted in method in educational research is socialization into the field. During graduate training, students and their mentors are challeng...
Effects of structural cobalt on the stability and reactivity of hausmannite and manganite: Cobalt coordination chemistry and arsenite oxidation

Abstract Hausmannite and manganite, the most abundant Mn(II/III) oxides in the environment, commonly contain cobalt (Co) as a structural impurity, yet the effects of Co substitution on the structure, stability, and reactivity of Mn(II/III) oxides have not been experimentally assessed. Using pristine and Co-substituted minerals with varying Co loadings (1 and 2 wt%), the present study observed changes in the structural properties, as well as stability and reactivity of these minerals toward acidic and reductive dissolution with arsenite (As(III)). Cobalt substitution in hausmannite produced significant changes in the lattice parameters and surface areas of the mineral, while manganite presented little to no Co substitution effects. In both minerals, Mn and Co release was accelerated in reductive dissolution, although more than 85% of the Co remained in the mineral structure. Only hausmannite showed increased oxidation of As(III) to As(V) with increased Co substitution, where the stoichiometric [Mn(II)]aq to [As(V)]aq ratio was at/close to 2. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis indicated the co-presence of Co(II) and Co(III) at tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively, with structural Co(II) dominating in hausmannite. The sole occupancy of Co(II) at octahedral sites in manganite appeared to induce changes in the average Mn oxidation state. Multiple surface complexes of arsenate were observed on the mineral surfaces, with the bidentate binuclear mode being the major species. Thus, Co substitution altered the stability and reactivity of the Mn(II/III) oxides under dissolution conditions, although the extent varied by the Co coordination chemistry, valence, and quantity in the mineral structures.
Simulating Industrial Control Systems Using Node-RED and Unreal Engine 4

The cost of building industrial control systems for cyber security research is a barrier far too high for most research institutions let alone space and safety requirements, leading the field to search for cheaper alternative solutions which may not always provide the same benefits. Through real world use cases, Argonne National Laboratory staff and interns developed a novel method of simulating industrial control system’s environments using Node-RED, an open-sourced software, to handle programmable logic controllers’ tasks and update and host a Modbus TCP/IP server. Through the CyberForce Competition™, the team has tested the usability of this method and has created 3D reactive models and physical models that run based the systems simulated in Node-RED. This method of simulation allows for easily deployed industrial control systems for any researcher to use in simulating how it might respond to attack, allowing for low budget institutions to do cutting edge research in the field of industrial control system security.
Learning to Navigate Intersections with Unsupervised Driver Trait Inference.

Navigation through uncontrolled intersections is one of the key challenges for autonomous vehicles. Identifying the subtle differences in hidden traits of other drivers can bring significant benefits when navigating in such environments. We propose an unsupervised method for inferring driver traits such as driving styles from observed vehicle trajectories. We use a variational autoencoder with recurrent neural networks to learn a latent representation of traits without any ground truth trait labels. Then, we use this trait representation to learn a policy for an autonomous vehicle to navigate through a T-intersection with deep reinforcement learning. Our pipeline enables the autonomous vehicle to adjust its actions when dealing with drivers of different traits to ensure safety and efficiency. Our method demonstrates promising performance and outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in the T-intersection scenario.
Understanding Young People’s Navigation of Housing Barriers Through a White Supremacy Lens

The purpose of this study was to understand the organizational and structural barriers young people face in seeking housing and to interpret those barriers through the lens of white supremacy culture. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 31 young people (ages 18–26) accessing a variety of homeless services, including a drop-in center, emergency shelter, and transitional housing apartments. White supremacy culture was used as an organizing framework for interpreting thematic findings. Participants described bureaucratic and systemic barriers to accessing and maintaining stable housing; lacking resources necessary to securing and maintaining housing; and rigid rules in community and living environments that created difficult in maintaining safe housing. Five tenets of white supremacy culture emerged as we applied the organizing framework to our findings: power hoarding, paternalism, worship of the written word, fear of open conflict, and right to comfort. Our findings reflect that organizations employing bureaucratic processes hold power to determine who can access housing, what is required of those young people, and how housing can be maintained. Yet, those holding the power at these decision points often do not reflect the identities of those benefiting from the services. Future research and critical analysis using a white supremacy framework or Critical Race Theory may allow for better understanding of barriers for young people experiencing homelessness.
A couplet of PVCs with different QRS morphologies arising from a single origin in the left ventricular outflow tract.

A 59-year-old man with two different premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) forming a couplet underwent electrophysiological testing. Although pacing from the aorto-mitral continuity (AMC) produced an excellent pace map of one type of PVCs, a radiofrequency application within the right coronary cusp (RCC) eliminated all the PVCs. This case demonstrates that a single origin with two breakout sites in the left ventricular ostium (LVos) may result in a couplet consisting of different PVCs and preferential conduction from the RCC to AMC may also occur. These possibilities should be kept in our mind when predicting sites of origin of LVos ventricular arrhythmias. (PACE 2010; 33:e88–e92)
Efficient localization of electromagnetic fields using a plasmonic nano-cylinder waveguide

One could use arrays of nanocylinders or nanospheres as inclusions in a substrate to realize optical metamaterials. On the other hand, because of their subwavelength sizes, such arrays could be used for several nano-photonic circuit concepts. In this paper we have been studying analytically and with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) approach, the scattering of Gaussian beams from sets of nano-cylinders and nano-spheres. We selected the FDTD approach because of its versatility in the choices and configurations of materials and structures that can modeled. This versatility makes it an excellent candidate for studying the behavior of these ultra-small systems. One strong design goal has been to determine whether or not an array of plasmonic nanocylinders could be used as an effective waveguide to localize efficiently an electromagnetic field to subwavelength dimensions.
Ping-ponging between relations in groups and relations in quandles

We give elementary proofs of certain relations in the mapping class group of a closed surface of genus 2, MCG(F2, 0). We generalize portions of these to relations in quandles with certain types of elements, associated to a relatively broad class of groups (including mapping class groups), and derive further similar quandle relations. We show these quandle relations correspond to 2-cycles in the homology of racks of tuples of quandle elements, and thence to families of commutation relations back in the groups. The recurrence of some of these phenomena within higher level structures is also explored, as are multiple types of modifications yielding different relations. The constructions are quite malleable in this respect.
Ecological Insights from Pelagic Habitats Acquired Using Active Acoustic Techniques

Marine pelagic ecosystems present fascinating opportunities for ecological investigation but pose important methodological challenges for sampling. Active acoustic techniques involve producing sound and receiving signals from organisms and other water column sources, offering the benefit of high spatial and temporal resolution and, via integration into different platforms, the ability to make measurements spanning a range of spatial and temporal scales. As a consequence, a variety of questions concerning the ecology of pelagic systems lend themselves to active acoustics, ranging from organism-level investigations and physiological responses to the environment to ecosystem-level studies and climate. As technologies and data analysis methods have matured, the use of acoustics in ecological studies has grown rapidly. We explore the continued role of active acoustics in addressing questions concerning life in the ocean, highlight creative applications to key ecological themes ranging from physiology and behavior to biogeography and climate, and discuss emerging avenues where acoustics can help determine how pelagic ecosystems function.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS BETWEEN ANTIOXIDANTS AND SELENIUM OR VITAMIN E.

Abstract Several antioxidants when fed to chicks at relatively high levels in an experimental diet were ineffective in preventing the exudates and mortality from a combined deficiency of selenium and vitamin E. Some of the compounds were toxic, as evidenced by sudden death or subcutaneous hemorrhages. When amounts of either selenite or α-tocopheryl acetate, which individually had little or no effect on symptoms, were given with the antioxidants signs of deficiency and mortality were prevented, and toxicity also was eliminated.
Applying Test-First and Parallel Processing Techniques to ERP Data Conversion

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems provide a unified solution for streamlining the operations and flow of information across multiple divisions of an organization. Most of the functionality in ERP systems is master-data driven, and hence the migration of data from legacy systems to ERP is a very important activity during development. Such data must be correctly migrated so that integration and acceptance testing of specific functionalities can be performed. However, the high complexity of ERP systems, coupled with the large volume of data involved, make ERP data conversion an immense challenge for software practitioners. In this paper we tackle the ERP data conversion problem using a test-first approach. The approach seeks to identify and correct data mapping errors and anomalies prior to initiating the data conversion process. Fixing such errors early can avoid having failures occur during data conversion, thereby resulting in cost and time savings. In an effort to further reduce the length of time spent converting large volumes of data, we perform parallel execution of the data conversion program. We have conducted an industrial case study that applies our approach to two ERP projects with favorable results.
The Use of Individual Growth and Developmental Indicators for Progress Monitoring and Intervention Decision Making in Early Education

Progress monitoring tools have been shown to be essential elements in current approaches to intervention problem-solving models. Such tools have been valuable not only in marking individual children's level of performance relative to peers but also in measuring change in skill level in a way that can be attributed to intervention and development. As such, progress monitoring measures have been central to Response to Intervention (RtI) approaches. In early childhood, progress monitoring measures have only recently been applied to the process of intervention decision-making. The purpose of this article is to describe Individual Growth and Developmental Indicators, contrast them with existing approaches to assessment in early childhood, and illustrate how they can be used within a larger problem-solving model to guide intervention decisions for infants and toddlers.
Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Disease Demonstrated by Duplex Ultrasound With Minimal Arteriographic Findings

Ulcerated or irregular heterogeneous carotid plaque as seen by duplex ultrasound can cause hemispheric transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and/or a cerebrovascular accident, even if only associated with nonsignificant carotid stenosis on arteriography. The purpose of this study was to review our experience in patients who underwent a carotid endarterectomy after medical treatment had failed, based on pathologic findings detected by carotid duplex ultrasound with minimal disease on arteriography. The medical records of 14 patients who underwent cartoid endarterectomy for TIA symptoms related to ulcerated or irregular heterogeneous plaques were analyzed. All had had preoperative carotid duplex ultrasound, arteriography, and cardiac and neurologic workups to rule out other causes for their TIAs. Medical treatment had failed in all of them. There were 10 men and four women whose median age was 68 years. Carotid duplex ultrasound showed irregular heterogeneous carotid plaque in all patients associated with 20% to 50% stenosis in 12 and approximately 50% to 60% stenosis in two. All had normal to <20% stenosis on arteriograms. The duplex ultrasound findings were all confirmed at operation. All had an uneventful postoperative course with relief of symptoms. Carotid duplex ultrasound is superior to carotid arteriography in detecting irregular or ulcerative heterogeneous plaque associated with nonsignificant stenosis. Carotid duplex ultrasound can be used to determine the desirability of carotid endarterectomy after failed medical treatment in patients with classical and persistent TIA symptoms despite normal or minimal disease on arteriograms. A successful endarterectomy appears to predict an asymptomatic postoperative course.
Di(benzene)hexarutheniumcarbidoundecacarbonyl, Ru6(C)(CO)11(η6-C6H6)2, a new isomer. The largest molecular “sandwich” compound

The new compound Ru 6 (C)(CO) 11 (η 6 -C 6 H 6 ) 2 which contains an octahedral Ru 6 C cluster sandwiched between two η 6 -benzene ligands, was obtained from the reaction of Ru 6 (C)(CO) 16 (μ-CO) with 1,4-cyclohexadiene at 165 o C.
Effect of Hydrogen on Thermal Stress in Layered Structure of Ti and Ti(Al) Thin Films.

The effect of hydrogen on stress in thin film structures has been investigated for Ti, Al, Ti(Al) and Al(Ti) films. The stress in the metal films was measured in-situ as a function of temperature and ambient (vacuum of 10 -6 Torr., forming gas and nitrogen) using a bending beam technique. The metal films were deposited on fused quartz or polyimide/fused quartz substrates using a dual e-gun evaporation method. The stress in pure Ti films was found to be strongly dependent on the annealing environment. Upon thermal cycling in a forming gas, an abrupt change of stress in the Ti film due to crack formation and delamination in the Ti film was observed. The possibility to eliminate the hydrogen effect by Al addition has been investigated. The hydrogen effect can be reduced by an addition of 5 at.% Al, but stress induced crack formation similar to the pure Ti film was still observed in this alloy film. An increase to 20 at.% Al in the alloy films eliminated the hydrogen effect, however, such an alloy film was brittle as cracks and delamination were observed after one thermal cycle from room temperature to 350 °C. A similar behavior in stress relaxation was observed in an Al-riched film with 20 at.% Ti.
Emerging Alzheimer’s disease therapies: inhibition of β-secretase

Abstract Among the approaches towards disease modifying treatment of Alzheimer’s disease blocking the initial step of the amyloid cascade, Aβ42 generation, has received most attention. Aβ42 generation requires two proteases, β- and γ-secretase, and inhibition of these enzymes is a key focus of AD drug development. Progress in this area has been slow, because these enzymes were not identified. Using an expression cloning strategy we have identified a novel membrane bound aspartic protease, BACE1, as β-secretase. The enzyme has been characterized in detail. The x-ray crystal structure, which is critical for rational inhibitor design, has been solved and shown to be similar to that of other pepsin family members. Our recent knockout studies show that BACE1 is critical for Aβ generation, but the knockout mice show an otherwise normal phenotype, raising the possibility that therapeutic BACE1 inhibition could be accomplished without major mechanism based toxicity. However, target-mediated toxicity of β-secretase inhibition cannot be ruled out, as long as the major substrates of this enzyme are unknown. While various peptidic β-secretase inhibitors have been published, the key challenge now is the generation of more drug-like compounds that could be developed for therapeutic purposes.
Stratification in college entry and completion

Abstract This paper examines stratification of opportunities in college access and completion. Using propensity score methods, we investigate two comparisons: (1) four- versus two-year public colleges and (2) private versus public two-year colleges. While previous research finds lower degree completion in two-year than in four-year public colleges, the comparability of students is doubtful. This paper re-considers the public four-year college effect, but for similar students and additional relevant outcomes. The second comparison is a new one. Though recruiting similar students as public two-year colleges, private two-year colleges use different organizational procedures, and we find that they have a different impact on comparable students’ degree completion. We speculate about the reasons for these differences and whether they suggest potential benefits of adapting these procedures for public two-year colleges.
The effect of lesions of the dorsal cap of the inferior olive on the vestibulo-ocular and optikinetic systems of the cat

Abstract The gain (eye velocity/head velocity) of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of cats was measured in the dark and light for sinusoidal head oscillations at 0.05 and 1.2 Hz with peak velocity of about 30 deg/sec. Animals wore visual reversing prisms chronically and were also subjected to forced oscillation in the light at 0.05 Hz for 2 h per day. Such experience produced adaptive reduction in VOR gain in the dark from 0.85 to 0.10 within about 4 days; qualitatively similar effects were observed at 1.2 Hz. In 4 cats, the dorsal cap of the inferior olive was located electrophysiologically by its responses to visual motion, and bilateral electrolytic lesions were made in or near this structure. The location of lesions was subsequently identified by histology. After lesions, 3 cats were unable to make adaptive changes in VOR gain when confronted with the same reversing prism paradigm; the fourth exhibited appreciable retardation of adaptation. These results imply that the dorsal cap is essential for plastic adaptation of the VOR. However, all cats retained the ability to use reversed vision to reduce VOR gain in the light after lesions. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) were measured in a striped optokinetic drum, before and after dorsal cap lesions, at drum velocities of 20 and 40 deg/sec. Lesions of the dorsal cap in 4 cats did not impair either OKN or OKAN. This result indicates that the climbing fiber system reaching the flocculus from the inferior olive is not essential for such optokinetic movements.
Chemotherapy and donor leukocyte infusions for relapsed juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).

Chemotherapy and donor leukocyte infusions for relapsed juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
Studying interactions involving the T-cell antigen receptor by surface plasmon resonance

Abstract T-lymphocyte activation is initiated by the interaction of the αβ TCR with a complex consisting of a class I or class II MHC-encoded molecule and an antigenic peptide, displayed on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. Real-time binding measurements using surface plasmon resonance have revealed kinetic and equilibrium parameters for the interactions between purified MHC molecules and peptides, between TCR and MHC-peptide complexes, and between TCR and superantigens. The MHC-peptide interaction is characterized by its high affinity and long half-life, the TCR-MHC/peptide interaction by its low affinity and short half-life, and the TCR-superantigen interaction by its low-to-moderate affinity, which is dependent on the particular superantigen involved. The consistent finding is that both MHC-peptide complexes and superantigens interact with TCR with a low affinity attributable to rapid dissociation. That an MHC-peptide complex that encounters a single TCR only briefly can still deliver the necessary activation signals offers a mechanistic conundrum for which several solutions have been proposed.
Maximum Output Intensity of the Audiokinetron

The Audiokinetron is a device that processes music for earphone presentation to patients undergoing auditory integration training, a treatment for individuals with autism and other developmental di...
Further study of a front in the Sargasso Sea

A segment of an oceanic front in the vicinity of 30° N, 70° W is mapped, remapped and sectioned from temperature and salinity measurements. The moving front divides two stratified surface layers composed of uncorrelated water masses. These waters are virtually unmixed at their interface, despite even an incident of penetration, but a pool of mixed water is suggested below the front. A similarity in surface current (computed), frontal curvature and slope of the interface is noted with an earlier observation made in different circumstances. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969.tb00437.x