cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arterial–Pulse Oximetry Loops: A New Method of Monitoring Vascular Tone

Objective. We report the off-line calculation of the vascular complianceof the finger and suggest the continuous on-line use of this methodology asan aid to monitoring the peripheral vascular resistance. This method consistsof the simultaneous analysis of the waveform signals from the pulse oximetermonitors and the arterial pressure as indicators of “volume” andpressure respectively to continuously calculate the vascular“compliance” (volume change per unit pressure change). This shouldbe seen as a “relative compliance” as the pulse plethysmographsignal is not calibrated. This new methodology allows for continuousmonitoring of peripheral vascular compliance as a beat-to-beat indicator ofperipheral vascular resistance. The vaso-constrictors, phenylephrine andephedrine, were shown to decrease the compliance as predicted. Methods. Thearterial pressure and pulse oximeter waveforms were obtained during routineanesthetic care. The waveforms were collected with a computer data-acquisitionsystem and then analyzed “off-line” as an indirect indicator oftotal vascular tone. Demographic and clinical information including drugadministration were recorded. Results. A case report is presented using thisnew form of analysis. Vascular compliance changes induced by phenylephrine andephedrine were studied. A dose response curve of peripheral vascularcompliance to phenylephrine was generated from these data. Conclusions. Byplotting the pulse oximeter waveforms versus the arterial waveforms, multiplevolume versus pressure (relative compliance) loops were obtained. Analysis ofthese loops may assist in the monitoring of vascular compliance.
Structural analysis of polymers of sickle cell hemoglobin. III. Fibers within fascicles.

Abstract We have examined the structure of hemoglobin S fibers, which are associated into large bundles, or fascicles. Electron micrographs of embedded and cross-sectioned fascicles provide an end-on view of the component fibers. The cross-sectional images are rotationally blurred as a result of the twist of the fiber within the finite thickness of the section. We have applied restoration techniques to recover a deblurred image of the fiber. The first step in this procedure involved correlation averaging images of cross-sections of individual fibers in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The rotationally blurred image was then geometrically transformed to polar co-ordinates. In this space, the rotational blur is transformed into a linear blur. The linearly blurred image is the convolution of the unblurred image and a point spread function that can be closely approximated by a square pulse. Deconvolution in Fourier space, followed by remapping to Cartesian co-ordinates, produced a deblurred image of the original micrograph. The deblurred images indicate that the fiber is comprised of 14 strands of hemoglobin S. This result provides confirmation of the fiber structure determined using helical reconstruction techniques and indicates that the association of fibers into ordered arrays does not alter their molecular structure.
Facet blocks and denervations

The lumbar facet (zygapophyseal) joint has been considered to be a significant source of low back pain for almost a century. Ghormley was the first individual to describe “facet syndrome” which he defined as a lumbosacral pain with or without radiculopathy, occurring most often after a sudden twisting or rotary strain of the lumbosacral region [1]. Hirsch et al. [2] injected hypertonic saline in the region of the facet joints and produced low back pain in the sacroiliac and gluteal regions with radiation to the greater trochanter. This was confirmed by Mooney and Robertson [3], who performed intra-articular saline facet injections, producing a similar pain referral pattern, which was relieved by intra articular local anesthetic injection. Also, neck pain and headache were produced by cervical facet injection with hypertonic saline by Pawl [4].
Price Pressure from Short Selling

Using daily equity lending data, I find that short sales lead to significant price pressure, consistent with inelastic short-term demand curves for stocks. Because short sales and returns are endogenously determined, I use an instrumental variables framework to identify their relation. Specifically, I use exogenous shifts in the lendable supply of shares to identify the impact that short sales have on both the level and volatility of returns. I find a one standard deviation increase in daily short interest is associated with a 12 basis point decrease in returns and a 3.8% increase in log realized volatility. Consistent with theoretical predictions, I find that price pressure from short selling is strongest when demand curves are more likely to be downward sloping as a result of heterogeneous beliefs. The results suggest short sales exert considerable price pressure and may help explain the short interest return anomaly (Boehmer, Jordan, and Huszar (2009)) as well as the excess volatility anomaly (Shiller (1981)).
Copper Deficiency Alters Rat Dopamine β-Monooxygenase mRNA and Activity

Dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DBM), a cuproenzyme, converts dopamine to norepinephrine in selected cells. Studies were conducted in albino rats to resolve the known paradox of DBM after copper deficiency in which metabolite analyses of tissues suggest lower activity, whereas direct assay of homogenates suggests enhanced activity. After 4 wk of postweanling copper deficiency, male Holtzman rats exhibited 1.4-fold higher adrenal DBM activity and 1. 8-fold higher adrenal DBM mRNA levels than copper-adequate rats. Mixing experiments did not support the existence of endogenous activators or inhibitors. Adrenal catecholamine content indicated lower norepinephrine, higher dopamine and unaffected epinephrine content in copper-deficient compared with copper-adequate rats. Studies in 22-d-old male Sprague-Dawley offspring of dams started on copper deficiency at d 7 of gestation indicated similar results for adrenal DBM mRNA, a 1.75-fold increase compared with copper-adequate pups. Adrenal dopamine content was higher in female copper-deficient offspring compared with controls, but norepinephrine was not lower. Medulla oblongata/pons DBM mRNA concentration was higher in 22-d-old copper-deficient female but not male rats compared with controls. Six weeks of copper repletion to the 22-d-old rats restored adrenal DBM mRNA levels to control values. Enzyme assay and RNA results are consistent with enhanced formation of DBM in adrenal gland and noradrenergic cell bodies of copper-deficient rats. The molecular signal may not be solely lower norepinephrine content because adrenal DBM mRNA changes were evident in both nutritional models, whereas the norepinephrine content was altered only in the postnatal model.
Comparison of known and suspected pheromonal constituents in males of African ticks, Amblyomma hebraeum Koch and Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius).

Three low molecular weight compounds were found in hexane: diethyl ether extracts of fed males of the African ticks,Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) andA. hebraeum (bont tick), namely,o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and 2,6-dichlorophenol. These same compounds were also found in a rinse of fedA. variegatum males, but were absent or present in only trace amounts in a rinse of fedA. hebraeum males.o-Nitrophenol and methyl salicylate were present in much higher concentrations (i.e., amounts/tick) inA. variegatum than inA. hebraeum. 2,6-Dichlorophenol was also more abundant inA. variegatum than inA. hebraeum, but the differences were not as great as with the former two compounds. Extraction in hexane over a 3-week period revealed four additional compounds, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzothiazole and nonanoic acid. The first three compounds were found in males of both species; nonanoic acid was found only inA. hebraeum males. Published reports consistently show strong attraction byo-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate for both sexes of the two bont tick species; 2,6-dichlorophenol and benzaldehyde have been reported to be attractive to both sexes ofA. hebraeum. The possible roles of these compounds, as well as others occasionally reported fromA. hebraeum andA. variegatum, as components of the aggregation/attachment pheromone or other pheromones is discussed.
Cultural and biological inheritance of plasma lipids.

A path analytic model for the analysis of nuclear family data is described and used to analyze the results of two major studies of cholesterol (CH) and triglyceride (TG), the Honolulu Heart Study (HHS) of Japanese-Americans and the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) study of Caucasians. The studies were first analyzed separately to assess evidence for genetic and cultural transmission, marital resemblance, and maternal environmental effects for the two plasma lipids, and then simultaneously to identify the nature and sources of any between-study-heterogeneity. There were significant sources of heterogeneity between the two studies for CH (only marital environmental resemblance and non-transmitted sibling environmental resemblance) and for TG (only non-transmitted sibling environmental resemblance). The two studies were homogeneous with respect to the magnitude of genetic and cultural effects; for CH genetic heritability was estimated as h2 = .594 +/- .041 while cultural heritability was estimated as c2 = .035 +/- .008, and for TG the two heritabilities were estimated as h2 = .259 +/- .034 and c2 = .108 +/- .014. An additional bivariate analysis of the association between the two lipids revealed that all phenotypic resemblance could be explained in terms of an association of non-transmitted residual environments with little evidence for a genetic association. The relevance of these results for an understanding of the genetic epidemiology of plasma lipids is discussed.
Robust regeneration in the adult optic system.

Axonal regrowth and restoration of visual function were studied in adult rats. The optic nerve was completely cut behind the eye. The proximal and distal nerve stumps were realigned and the meninges sutured back together. During the same surgical procedure, the lens was lesioned in order to induce secondary cellular cascades, which are known to strongly support the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and to promote axonal regeneration. The anatomical and topographic restoration of the visual pathway was assessed neuroanatomically with the aid of anterograde and retrograde tracing using fluorescent dyes. It appeared that the axons formed growth cones at the junction of the suture soon after injury, before glial cells and extracellular matrix proteins were able to cause local scar formation. Growth cones first entered the distal optic nerve stump 3 days after injury, grew through it to reach the optic chiasm approximately 3 weeks after the lesion was made, and terminated within the retinoreceptive layers of the superior colliculus 5 weeks after lesioning. Quantification of the retrogradely labeled cell bodies within the regenerating retina revealed that up to 30% of the RGCs, which includes all major cell types, were capable of regenerating their axons along the entire visual pathway. To assess whether topography was restored, double-labeling experiments were performed, revealing only crude topographic restoration during the initial stages of regeneration. However, visual-evoked potentials could be recorded, indicating that synaptic transmission in higher visual areas was relatively intact. The data show, in principle, that cut axons can regenerate over long distances within the white matter of a central nerve like the adult optic nerve, spanning over 11 mm to the chiasm and between 12 and 15 mm to the thalamus and midbrain. The findings suggest, for the first time, that lentogenic stimulation of RGCs is sufficient to induce the formation of growth cones that can override inhibitors at the site of injury, grow through the white matter of the optic nerve, pass through the optic chiasm, and make synaptic connections within the brain.
PART III. ASSESSING IRRITATION: Sensory Irritation: Relation to Indoor Air Pollution

Author(s): COMETTO-MUNIZ, J. ENRIQUE; CAIN, WILLIAM S | Abstract: All mucosae of the body possess chemical sensitivity provided by the common chemical sense (CCS). Airborne chemicals can stimulate the CCS through the ocular, nasal, and respiratory mucosae, evoking different pungent sensations, e.g., stinging, irritation, burning, piquancy, prickling, freshness, tingling. Pungent sensations elicited in the nose differ from odor sensations in various characteristics. They are achieved at considerably higher concentrations than those necessary to elicit odor, but they increase with the concentration of the stimulus in a steeper fashion than odor. Pungent sensations from mixtures of compounds show a higher degree of addition - relative to the pungency of the individual components - than that of odor sensations. Pungency is more resistant to adaptation than odor, and, unlike it, displays considerable temporal integration with continuous stimulation. Measurement of a reflex, transitory apnea produced upon inhalation of pungent chemicals holds promise as an objective indicator of the functional status of the CCS. Results from the measurement of this reflex have agreed quantitatively with sensory data in a number of studies, showing higher common chemical sensitivity in nonsmokers - compared to smokers -, in females - compared to males -, and in young adults - compared to elderly. Research issues mentioned here include the following: - We can rarely validate the symptoms putatively caused by indoor air pollution objectively. Without such means, we will always have the potential problem of over-reporting and embellishment. Although one person may seem more sensitive than another, the difference may lie in a greater proclivity to complain. - Studies of anosmic persons offer a simple means to understand the functional characteristics of the nasal CCS. Studies of chemical series in such subjects should eventually allow construction of quantitative structure-activity models for human pungency perception. The human data can be compared with relevant animal data when possible. - The rules of additivity of pungency in mixtures need explication. Regarding the possible role of VOCs in the creation of irritation, we need to ask whether subthreshold levels add up or even amplify each other to produce noticeable irritation. Do repetitive or continuous exposures to subthreshold concentrations increase sensitivity to those substances, so that they evoke pungency when they otherwise would not? Do the various mucosae - ocular, nasal, throat - differ in their sensitivity? - Modulation of CCS sensitivity by long-term and short-term inhalation of various agents (e.g., environmental tobacco smoke) would seem a suitable topic for further research.
Kinetics and mechanism of decomposition of nickel benzyl complexes and determination of nickelbenzyl bond dissociation energies

Abstract Methylcoenzyme M reductase (MCR), which contains a square planar nickel corphin cofactor, F 430 , catalyzes the final step in methane biosynthesis in methanogenic Archaea . Recent mechanistic proposals for this enzyme suggest that the putative organonickel intermediates may react via a free radical pathway. Benzylnickel complexes employing 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (tmc) have been prepared and their homolytic NiC bond dissociation energies determined by kinetic methods. The kinetics of decomposition of NiCH 2 Ph(tmc) + in acetonitrile, in the presence of excess Ni(tmc) + , are consistent with reversible homolysis of the nickel benzyl bond followed by a recombination of benzyl radicals according to the rate law −d[NiCH 2 Ph(tmc) + ]/d t = k obs [NiCH 2 Ph(tmc) + ] 2 , where k obs =2( k 4 2 k 5 )/( k −4 2 )[Ni(tmc) + ] 2 . From the activation parameters (benzyl: Δ H ‡ obs =40.6±0.6 kcal mol −1 , Δ S ‡ obs =61.8±2.0 cal mol −1 K −1 ; p -fluorobenzyl: Δ H ‡ obs =38.4±1.9 kcal mol −1 , Δ S ‡ obs =55.1±6.5 cal mol −1 K −1 ; p -chlorobenzyl: Δ H ‡ obs =34.2±5.8 kcal mol −1 , Δ S ‡ obs =39.5±20.2 cal mol −1 K −1 ) the following NiC bond dissociation energies were deduced: benzyl, 19±1 kcal mol −1 ; p -fluorobenzyl, 18±2 kcal mol −1 ; p -fluorobenzyl, 16±6 kcal mol −1 .
A note on assessing the effects of therapy in a family‐counseling agency

As a part of an ongoing research project, three quick, simple, and reliable instruments were used to measure the degree and type of psychological distress that clients at a nonprofit counseling agency experienced prior and subsequent to receiving therapy. Although not free from methodological difficulties (most notably the number of non-respondents at follow-up), this study showed a statistically significant (p < .001) positive change in all the measures in a pre- and post-therapy comparison.
Application of hyperspectral remote sensing to cyanobacterial blooms in inland waters

article i nfo Cyanobacterial blooms are increasinglyposing a severe threat to inland waters, particularly at the land-sea inter- facewheretoxinscanbetransporteddownstreamwithsubsequentimpactstobothterrestrialandmarineorgan- isms. These blooms are relatively easy to detect optically because of the surface concentration of cells, the presence of phycocyanin pigments, and the elevated backscatter associated with cell size and the presence of gas vacuoles. Major challenges limiting the use of remote sensing have been, first, that many of these water bod- ies are small relative to the spatial resolution of ocean color satellites, and second, even with a bright algal target, the spectral resolution,signal-to-noise ratio,andrepeattimefor terrestrial satellitesisofteninadequate.The next generation of multispectral and hyperspectral sensors begin to address these issues with both increased spatial and spectral resolution. Weekly monitoring of Pinto Lake, California has demonstrated that this small water body provides an ideal testbed for development and application of algorithms applicable for legacy and next- generation sensors. Pinto Lake experiences seasonal nearly monospecific blooms with a pronounced speciessuc- cession. Biomass (as chlorophyll) within Pinto Lake seasonally ranges from ~1 to 1000 μg/L. Pinto Lake has been within the flight lines for several recent airborne missions, including the HyspIRI Preparatory Flight Campaign, and is often targeted for HICO acquisitions. Using these data we demonstrate that spectral-shape algorithms re- quiring minimal atmospheric correction can be used across a range of legacy sensors to detect cyanobacterial blooms and that, with the availability of high spectral resolution data and appropriate atmospheric correction, it is possible to separate the cyanobacterial genera Aphanizomenon and Microcystis .I n CaliforniaAphanizomenon is typically non-toxic and blooms prior to toxin-producing Microcystis, thus leading to the potential for an early warning system based on the identification of algal types.
Incremental synthesis of switching protocols via abstraction refinement

We consider the problem of synthesizing switching protocols that regulate the modes of a switched system in order to guarantee that the trajectories of the system satisfy certain high-level specifications. In particular, we develop a computational framework for incremental synthesis of switching protocols. Augmented finite transition systems are used as abstract representations of continuous dynamics. Inspired by counter-example guided abstraction refinement procedures for hybrid system verification, we start with a coarse abstraction and gradually refine it according to preorder relations on augmented finite transition systems. At each iteration, the proposed procedure can produce either a switching protocol that ensures the satisfaction of the specification, a certificate for nonexistence of such a protocol, or a refinement suggestion together with a partial solution to be used in the next iteration. Although the procedure is not guaranteed to terminate in general, we illustrate its practical applicability with two simple examples.
Continuous Automatic Determination of Sulfur Dioxide in the Presence of Auto Engine Exhaust

Abstract A colorimetric type of instrument was used to monitor sulfur dioxide added to auto engine exhaust atmospheres produced for animal exposure studies. It shows specificity for sulfur dioxide and can make accurate determinations of sulfur dioxide that are not possible with the present conductimetric type of instrumentation applied to such exposure atmospheres.
Extended Life-Span Conferred by Cotransporter Gene Mutations in Drosophila

Aging is genetically determined and environmentally modulated. In a study of longevity in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we found that five independent P-element insertional mutations in a single gene resulted in a near doubling of the average adult life-span without a decline in fertility or physical activity. Sequence analysis revealed that the product of this gene, named Indy (for I'm not dead yet), is most closely related to a mammalian sodium dicarboxylate cotransporter-a membrane protein that transports Krebs cycle intermediates. Indy was most abundantly expressed in the fat body, midgut, and oenocytes: the principal sites of intermediary metabolism in the fly. Excision of the P element resulted in a reversion to normal life-span. These mutations may create a metabolic state that mimics caloric restriction, which has been shown to extend life-span.
Development of experimental model of chronic pyelonephritis with Escherichia coli O75:K5:H-bearing Dr fimbriae. Mutation in the dra region prevented tubulointerstitial nephritis

Escherichia coli that express Dr fimbriae and related adhesins recognize the common receptor decay accelerating factor. E. coli strains that express adhesins of the Dr family were postulated to be associated with cystitis (30-50%), pregnancy-associated pyelonephritis (30%), and chronic diarrhea (50%). In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that E. coli renal interstitial binding mediated by the Dr adhesin may be important for the development of chronic pyelonephritis. An insertional dra mutant, E. coli DR14, of the clinical E. coli isolate IH11128 bearing Dr fimbriae, was constructed and used to characterize persistence of infection and interstitial tropism in an experimental model of ascending pyelonephritis. Quantitative cultures of kidney homogenates indicated that Dr hemagglutinin positive (Dr+) E. coli IH11128 established a 1-yr colonization of renal tissue. In the Dr hemagglutinin negative (Dr-) group, 50% of animals cleared infection within 20 wk and 100% between 32 to 52 wk. Dr+ E. coli colonized the renal interstitium. Significant histological changes corresponding to tubulointerstitial nephritis including interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and tubular atrophy were found in the kidney tissue of the Dr+ but not the Dr- group. A substantial amount of fimbrial antigen was detected in the parenchymal regions affected by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The obtained results are consistent with the hypothesis that mutation within the dra region, affecting E. coli binding to tubular basement membranes, prevented renal interstitial tropism and the development of the changes characteristically seen in tubulointerstitial nephritis.
The operation of a pressurized ultraviolet photoionization threshold cherenkov counter

Abstract We have successfully tested an ultraviolet photoionization Cherenkov counter in a 10 GeV/ c pion beam. The counter has been tested to 11 atm pressure for use as a π −K separator. The design and operation of the counter is described.
Global Outsourcing: A Different Approach to an Understanding of Sport Labour Migration

With the advent of globalization, social science is taking new academic approaches to re-visit and re-examine many social issues. The world of sport, too, adopts a new theoretical lens for a better...
2.6 MeV proton irradiation effects on the surface integrity of depleted UO2

Abstract The effect of low temperature proton irradiation in depleted uranium dioxide was examined as a function of fluence. With 2.6 MeV protons, the fluence limit for preserving a good surface quality was found to be relatively low, about 1.4 and 7.0 × 10 17 protons/cm 2 for single and poly crystalline samples, respectively. Upon increasing the fluence above this threshold, severe surface flaking and disintegration of samples was observed. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations the causes of surface failure were associated to high H atomic percent at the peak damage region due to low solubility of H in UO 2 . The resulting lattice stress is believed to exceed the fracture stress of the crystal at the observed fluencies. The oxygen point defects from the displacement damage may hinder the H diffusion and further increase the lattice stress, especially at the peak damage region.
Pharmacological Activity of Thalicarpine

The effect of the alkaloid thalicarpine on the cardiovascular system of the anesthetized dog and on several smooth muscle preparations has been studied. In the dog, 2 mg./Kg. produced moderate pressor activity of rather long duration which was sometimes accompanied by a mild tachycardia. This effect does not appear to involve a neural pathway but may be due to a direct action either on the heart or on vascular smooth muscle. Intense, long lasting, noncholinergic hypotension was observed with doses of 10 mg./Kg. Direct depressant effects were seen on several smooth muscle preparations as well as reduction of spasmogenic effects induced by various drugs.
The preservation of Mullerian inhibiting substance during long-term freezing of testicular fragments.

Abstract Mullerian Inhibiting Substance, a fetal testicular hormone found in most mammalian species, causes regression in the male of the Mullerian duct, the anlagen of the fallopian tube, uterus, and upper vagina. Limitations to study of this substance in the past have been posed by its short period of production and by its localized and specific action. We have been able to store testicular fragments that continue to demonstrate detectable Mullerian Inhibiting Substance activity for up to 5 months by using techniques of slow freezing which approximate 1 °C/min, cryoprotective additives, storage in liquid nitrogen, and rapid thawing. These fragments then can be pooled for biochemical and endocrinological studies. In addition, unknown fragments can be transported long distances for assay of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance.
SU‐E‐T‐316: Integration of Bioluminescence Imaging with Small Animal Radiotherapy for Treatment Planning and Response Assessment

Purpose: To determine the capabilities of bioluminescent imaging for planning and monitoring response for pre‐clinical radiation therapy. Method and Materials: Four experimental subjects were studied: IVIS XPM‐2 luminescent phantom (Xenogen, Alameda, CA), SCID mouse with a subcutaneous luciferase‐expressing teratoma, nude mouse with an orthotopic A549 lungtumor, and a nude mouse with an orthotopic luciferase‐expressing U87 braintumor. BLI images were obtained both a Xenogen IVIS 3D, for multiple projection angles, and a Xenogen IVIS Spectrum BLI system for multi‐spectral imaging.CT data was collected using an RS120 microCT scanner (GE Heath Care, Milwaukee, WI). CT and BLI images were imported, registered and analyzed in the RT_Image software package. Treatment planning was conducted in RT_Image using a single beam delivery based on 2D projections from different angles. The 2D distance from the center of mass (COM) of the beam's eye view BLI to the center of the CT‐identified target was measured. Bioluminescencetomography and CT were compared in 3D. Results: For the XPM‐2 phantom, the distance from the treatment beam to the COM of the target was found to be 4.25 mm for 0 degree BLI projection, 1.75 mm for the 180 degree BLI projection, and 0.975 mm for 0 degree BLI projection using the surface projection. The subcutaneous teratoma model produced sub‐millimeter distance to COM in each visible projection. Conclusions: Using beam's eye view BLI alone does not offer a precise targeting option for every BLI case. Geometry of the subject and depth of the luminescent source affects how the signal is observed. Beam alignment based on the view alone without compensation for these factors, will likely result in mistargeting except for a few special cases. In these cases 3D BLI solutions are more robust for treatment planning. Surface sources, such as subcutaneous tumors, offer straightforward BLI targeting.
Halocoryza Alluaud 1919, sea-side beetles of the Indian, Atlantic (sensu lato), and Pacific Oceans: a generic synopsis and description of a remarkable new species from Baja California Sur, México (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini, Clivinina)

Information on the three previously described species of Halocoryza Alluaud is updated and a new species for the genus from Isla Carmen, Sea of Cortes, Baja California Sur, Mexico is described. Halocoryza whiteheadiana sp. n. was found at UV light on a beach of that island. This species does not fit the profile of the other three species, i.e., living on coralline beach sands, or in the Mangrove intertidal zone. Two alternative possibilities as to why this is so are suggested and a study plan for testing these possibilities is proposed.
Using simulation to evaluate resource utilization strategies

This paper presents a simulation model that demonstrates the capability of simulation to evaluate resource allocation and dispatching strategies for technicians performing on-site repairs. The model includes real-world com plexities such as variable travel times based on direction of travel and time of day, and variable arrival rates (non-stationary Pois son process). Technicians take lunch breaks as close to their normally scheduled times as possible. Strategies include "First-Come, First-Served" and "Closest (shortest) Ex pected Travel Time. " Options to allow and disallow roaming between regions are inves tigated.
A SYNTHESIS ON ‘MICROFILM’ AT THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

The writer of an article for a professional journal always is confronted with a dilemma: unless he chooses deliberately to be obscure or provocative, he must select a title which is descriptive of the substance that follows, and at the same time he is not without obligation to keep the title within the limits of a title. The title of this paper is a compromise. Under it I shall assemble information on the policies with respect to microfilm and microfilming, the planning which precedes filming and the administration of the result, actual operations, the administration of microfilms and services connected with them, together with something of the historical background for the present.
Transmission of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) with blood or filtered plasma

Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS), a disease clinically and pathologically similar to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in humans, was transmitted from diseased rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to normal monkeys by inoculation with heparinized whole blood or plasma that had been passed through filters of 0.45 micrometer pore size. This suggests that the causative agent is small and most probably a virus. No viruses, however, were isolated by standard cell culture techniques from the blood or filtered plasma which caused SAIDS. Both cellular and humoral immunity were markedly depressed in animals with advanced SAIDS.
Incest and substance abuse: implications for treatment professionals

Abstract Seventy-seven volunteer participants enrolled in eight substance abuse treatment facilities were surveyed using the Substance Abuse and Incest Survey. Of the sample, 36 (48%) reported histories of incest. For participants reporting incest, data on substance abuse history, perceptions of the relationship between incest and substance abuse, and opinions regarding incest-related counseling in the context of substance abuse treatment are presented. Recommendations for substance abuse professionals and facilities are made, including intake screening, barries to treatment, counselor education, and future research.
The role of competence motivation in interrupted task recall and repetition choice

Abstract The effects of age, skill versus nonskill instructions, and the personality variable locus of control (LC) upon interrupted and completed task recall and repetition choice were assessed. Significant age × LC and instructions × LC interactions were found for repetition choice measures. These findings were interpreted to mean that competence motivation both increases with age and is conditioned by personality factors which are independent of age. A significant grade × instructions interaction was found for total recall, while LC was related to differential recall of completed and incompleted tasks. It was found that task recall and task repetition choice were independent of one another. The theoretical and methodological implications of these latter results were discussed.
A Case of Cerebellar Psychopathology

Background Pathology of the cerebellum has traditionally been associated with motor symptoms, vertigo, and nystagmus. Patients with cerebellar disorders do not usually receive psychiatric evaluations. Objective The authors seek to alert clinicians to the association between cerebellar disease and psychiatric symptoms. Method The authors describe a patient with uncommon psychiatric morbidity associated with cerebellar dysfunction, and provide a brief review of previous research on this phenomenon. Results Neurology consultants suggested that physical exam findings and behavioral changes could be accounted for by cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. This syndrome involves dysfunction of the cerebellum, including classic cerebellar findings, in addition to cognitive difficulties and affective/personality changes. Conclusion The suspected etiology was post-infectious cerebellitis from Epstein-Barr virus infection.
TRACER STUDIES ON CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM MINERALIZATION AND MINERAL CYCLING IN TWO SPECIES OF FORAMINIFERA, ROSALINA LEEI AND SPIROLOCULINA HYALINA1

Mineral cycling in the calcareous foraminifera Rosaa Va specific activity 160 i =S specific activity 95 i a2p specific activity 2.03 mCi/g ). Although 14C was a good indicator of growth during the first 3 weeks, its usefulness declined as the cultures aged. Some “Ca and O’Sr was adsorbed to dead tests. Both foraminifera were decalcified by treatment with 0.01% Na2EDTA in seawater at pH 8.1. Recalcification and growth took place when individuals were returned to control media. Ten to 0.1 PM 2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5sulfonamide (Diamox) inhibited Ca but not Sr incorporation into the test. Calcium and strontium were tightly bound to foraminiferan shells and under conditions of alkaline pH and low hydrostatic pressure these did not exchange with environmental ions.
On the action of - electrostatic alternators

Abstract A detailed analysis, based on a consideration of charges and potentials, is made of the action of two simple electrostatic alternators; a four-symmetric, four carrier, machine, and a trisymmetric, six carrier, machone.Each of the machines is the prototype of a whole family of polysymmetric electrostatic alternators, and the method of analysis is extended to the generalized machine of each type. A basis for a qualitative theory of electrostatic alternators is evolved.
A microspot tube with very high resolution

A 5-inch microspot tube with a spot size of 8 to 9 microns and a beam current of 1.5 µa is described. The neck of this tube uses an accelerating spiral anode, in combination with a decelerating prefocus lens. This combination stretches the 6-inch neck structure to an effective length of 13 to 16 inches. The resulting demagnification of 0.6 permits realizing the above spot size as an electron image of a 1/2 mil object-aperture. The latter is illuminated with a current density of 20a/cm2by a microgun, which uses an impregnated cathode at 2a/cm2. The microgun operates by the FRM principle ("Focus Reflex Modulation"). An improved vapor-reacted screen is employed, whose light output is more than tripled from previous types of transparent phosphors.
MEANS OF DESIRE'S PRODUCTION: MALE SEX LABOR IN CUBA 1

Tourism has provided myriad spaces in which black Cuban subjects participate in self-making, yet within a field still constrained by historical structures of sexual and racial interpellation. This essay focuses on the local social cultural context of male sex labor in Havana, Cuba, from 1998 to 2003. It explores the subjective intentions of young Cuban men during the Special Period in Times of Peace and current Transition on the island, relative to the gaze of tourists and social cultural and economic change in Cuba.
Enzymatic digestion of liquid hot water pretreated hybrid poplar

Liquid hot (LHW) water pretreatment (LHW) of lignocellulosic material enhances enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose by solubilizing hemicellulose fraction of the biomass, while leaving the cellulose more reactive and accessible to cellulase enzymes. Within the range of pretreatment conditions tested in this study, the optimized LHW pretreatment conditions for a 15% (wt/vol) slurry of hybrid poplar were found to be 200(o)C, 10 min, which resulted in the highest fermentable sugar yield with minimal formation of sugar decomposition products during the pretreatment. The LHW pretreatment solubilized 62% of hemicellulose as soluble oligomers. Hot-washing of the pretreated poplar slurry increased the efficiency of hydrolysis by doubling the yield of glucose for a given enzyme dose. The 15% (wt/vol) slurry of hybrid poplar, pretreated at the optimal conditions and hot-washed, resulted in 54% glucose yield by 15 FPU cellulase per gram glucan after 120 h. The hydrolysate contained 56 g/L glucose and 12 g/L xylose. The effect of cellulase loading on the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated poplar is also reported. Total monomeric sugar yield (glucose and xylose) reached 67% after 72 h of hydrolysis when 40 FPU cellulase per gram glucan were used. An overall mass balance of the poplar-to-ethanol process was established based on the experimentally determined composition and hydrolysis efficiencies of the liquid hot water pretreated poplar.
An in vitro study of focal epileptogenesis in combined hippocampal-parahippocampal slices.

Brain slices from adult rats that included ventral hippocampus and adjacent parahippocampal areas were studied at various sites for the appearance of epileptiform discharges as extracellular potassium ([K+]o) was systematically varied over the range of 3 mM to 10 mM. The development of evoked epileptiform discharges (EEDs) and spontaneous epileptiform discharges (SEDs) was monitored in areas CA1, CA3, the hilus of the dentate gyrus (dentate hilus), the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (dentate gyrus), subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Increasing [K +]o elicited EEDs in a concentration-dependent manner. The entorhinal cortex and CA1 areas were most susceptible to this effect; the dentate gyrus was least susceptible. Increasing [K+]o also caused an increase in SEDs in all hippocampal areas. Separating entorhinal cortex from the rest of the slice by transections did not abolish discharges in any location. Lesions of the Schaeffer collaterals abolished discharges in CA1 but not in CA3. These findings demonstrate that changes in the extracellular milieu that are associated with epileptiform discharges in vivo are capable of eliciting paroxysmal discharges at multiple loci in the hippocampus and adjacent regions. Further, these findings demonstrate for the first time the intrinsic capacity of the entorhinal cortex to generate epileptiform discharges under in vitro ionic conditions known to occur in the intact brain during seizures.
Simulation Analysis of a Manufacturing Supply Chain

A supply chain is a series of manufacturing plants that transform raw material into finished product. A pipeline within a supply chain refers to the stream of information, material, components, and assemblies that are associated with a particular product. It is typical for manufacturing plants to put considerable effort to optimize the performance of a horizontal slice of a supply chain (such as coordination among parts that share a common resource). The need to optimize the performance of the vertical slice (the supply chain connecting raw material to finished product) by controlling the transmission of schedule instability and the resulting inventory fluctuation is often overlooked. A schedule is stable if actual production requirements for a given period do not change from the forecast production requirements. Stable production schedules are important when managing supply chains as they help control inventory fluctuation and inventory accumulation. Failure to control schedule instability results in high average inventory levels in the system. In this paper a simulation analysis of supply chain instability and inventory is conducted, and it is shown how supply chains can be analyzed for continuous improvement opportunities using simulation. The focus is on a stamping pipeline in an automobile supply chain based on operating data from General Motors (GM). It is shown that the techniques used in this paper are a useful tool for supply chain analysis.
Tin-mediated phosphorylation: Synthesis and selectin binding of a phospho Lewis a analog

Abstract Tin-mediated phosphorylation of a galactose residue regioselectively generates the 3′- O -phosphotriester. The application of this strategy to a Lewis a analog affords an effective selectin ligand.
Kinetic-theory predictions of clustering instabilities in granular flows: beyond the small-Knudsen-number regime

In this work we quantitatively assess, via instabilities, a Navier–Stokes-order (small- Knudsen-number) continuum model based on the kinetic theory analogy and applied to inelastic spheres in a homogeneous cooling system. Dissipative collisions are known to give rise to instabilities, namely velocity vortices and particle clusters, for sufficiently large domains. We compare predictions for the critical length scales required for particle clustering obtained from transient simulations using the continuum model with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The agreement between continuum simulations and MD simulations is excellent, particularly given the presence of well-developed velocity vortices at the onset of clustering. More specifically, spatial mapping of the local velocity-field Knudsen numbers (Knu) at the time of cluster detection reveals Knu » 1 due to the presence of large velocity gradients associated with vortices. Although kinetic-theory-based continuum models are based on a small- Kn (i.e. small-gradient) assumption, our findings suggest that, similar to molecular gases, Navier–Stokes-order (small-Kn) theories are surprisingly accurate outside their expected range of validity.
Reconnaissance in DSRV Alvin of a “fluvial-like” meander system in Wilmington Canyon and slump features in South Wilmington Canyon

Three dives in DSRV Alvin on the Atlantic Continental Rise in Wilmington and South Wilmington Canyons, off the east coast of the United States, allowed examination and sampling of morphological features, in water depths of 2,300 to 2,400 m, that were observed in midrange sidescan sonar data. In Wilmington Canyon, a “fluvial-like” meandering system was confirmed. The meandering channel had steep undercut outer banks and gently sloping inner banks. Localized slumping is inferred from many steplike depressions on the steep outer banks. Although the meander system is as much as 500 m wide and has many characteristics typical of a fluvial system, extreme depth and evidence of episodic ongoing sedimentary processes preclude a true fluvial origin. Currents of unknown origin—that is, downcanyon turbidity flows—appear to be the only agent capable of sculpturing the observed features. A meander system was not observed in South Wilmington Canyon. Channel-floor features, including deformed and displaced sediment, support a previous suggestion of large-scale slumping in the area. These sediments include upturned clay beds, disaggregated gravels, loosely bound gravel conglomerates in a reddish-brown matrix, and a tubular structure, resembling a tree-root cast, within a thinly bedded, reddish-brown sandstone.
Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the human prostate.

Abstract Objectives. To determine the cell-specific expression of the two major isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) in human noncancerous and cancerous prostatic tissues. Methods. Thirty-one specimens of prostate carcinoma (CaP) and 10 specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were stained with mouse antihuman COX-1 and COX-2 monoclonal antibodies. The stained specimens were analyzed both descriptively and in a semiquantitative manner by assigning an immunoreactive intensity score (0 to 4). The averaged results were compared for different histologic tissue types, including luminal and basal epithelium of BPH, the peripheral zone, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and CaP of varying Gleason grades. Results. COX-1 expression in noncancerous prostatic tissue was seen predominantly in the basal epithelial cells of BPH (90% positive staining). COX-1 expression was minimal in noncancerous luminal epithelial cells (0% to 10%) but was upregulated in CaP (63% of CaP specimens). Strong COX-2 expression was demonstrated in the smooth muscle cells of the prostate. COX-2 was also expressed in the basal epithelial cells (60% BPH, 94% peripheral zone, 75% PIN). Luminal epithelial cells derived from BPH, the peripheral zone, and PIN expressed COX-2 in 0%, 26%, and 86% of samples, respectively. COX-2 expression in CaP was intense and uniform, with 87% of samples demonstrating immunoreactivity. Conclusions. The results of the present study indicate that expression of both COX-1 and COX-2 in human CaP is increased. COX-2 expression is also increased in the basal and luminal epithelial cells of PIN. These data indicate that COX-1 and COX-2 (and/or their prostaglandin products) may play a role in the malignant transformation of the prostate.
Development of 2-aminooxazoline 3-azaxanthenes as orally efficacious β-secretase inhibitors for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract The β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is one of the most hotly pursued targets for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We used a structure- and property-based drug design approach to identify 2-aminooxazoline 3-azaxanthenes as potent BACE1 inhibitors which significantly reduced CSF and brain Aβ levels in a rat pharmacodynamic model. Compared to the initial lead 2, compound 28 exhibited reduced potential for QTc prolongation in a non-human primate cardiovascular safety model.