cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Cure Barrier 25 Years Later

While cancer cure is still a vast and intriguing biologic conundrum, the conceptual barrier has been cracked. Chemotherapy alone as a cure has been focused on the qualitative difference in the unique gene recombination of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Although still early to claim cure, 89% of patients survive at 5 years, 1 without evident residual disease by the most sensitive methodology in a substantial fraction, which augurs well for a major cure rate. More tumors have joined the category of sub-curable, where chemotherapy together with surgery and/or radiation, and sometimes passive immunotherapy, has substantially increased cure rates for breast cancer and lymphomas. Palpable gains have been recognized for colon, lung, ovary, and squamous cell head and neck cancers. The existence of tumor stem cells has been invoked to account for chemotherapeutic failures. The chemotherapeutically curable tumors, choriocarcinoma, testis cancer, large cell lymphomas, Hodgkin’s disease, and acute lymphocytic leukemia of children cast doubt on this invocation. The increased percentage of cures of acute myelocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults, chronic myelocytic leukemia, adjuvantly treated osteosarcoma and breast cancers, and several pediatric solid tumors, recognized by breaks in the survival curves, suggest that appropriate treatments can achieve tumor eradication. In the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer, which really is the treatment of a variable proportion of patients with micrometastatic disease, two active regimens in succession have been shown to be more effective than a single regimen of chemotherapy, or a rotation of the two treatments every other cycle. Furthermore, giving drugs after surgery in intensified regimens every 2 rather than every 3 weeks, using filgrastim to accel
Investigating the Design, Performance, and Reliability of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Interconnect

In this paper, we develop a quantitative design technique for multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based interconnect, which we utilize to examine the performance and reliability of future nanotube-based interconnect solutions. Leveraging an analytical RLC model for MWCNTs, we create the first closed-form formulation for the optimal nanotube diameter and nanotube bundle height. The results indicate that the proposed design method decreases delay by 21% and 29% on average compared to non-optimized MWCNTs and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles. We also find that large diameter MWCNT bundles are significantly more susceptible to process variations than SWCNT bundles, which will have important reliability implications in future nano-scale ICs.
Hot-carrier degradation of single-drain PMOSFETs with differing sidewall spacer thicknesses

The effect of the sidewall spacer thickness on the hot-carrier degradation of buried-channel PMOS transistors with a sidewall-offset single drain structure was studied. At the bias stress condition of maximum gate current, a large degradation was observed for transistors with no overlap between gate and drain. Results of measurements using the charge-pumping technique suggest that trapping of a large number of electrons in the CVD SiO/sub 2/ sidewall spacer is responsible for the enhanced degradation. This was also confirmed by the measurement of the threshold voltage as a function of drain bias. >
Relationships between processing temperature and microstructure in isothermal melt processed Bi-2212 thick films

The microstructure and phase assemblage of isothermal melt processed (IMP) Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub y/ (Bi-2212) thick films have been evaluated. Results from compositional analysis and phase identification indicate that the characteristics of the partial melt greatly influence the microstructural and chemical development of the thick films. The highest critical current densities were obtained in films processed below 800/spl deg/C where the partial melt uniformly coats the substrate without excessive phase segregation. >
Effects of fire on sandhill herbs: nutrients, mycorrhizae, and biomass allocation.

Differences in growth responses, tissue and soil inorganic nutrients, and mycorrhizal relationships of four herbaceous species were studied on burned and unburned sandhill sites in south-central Florida, USA. Three species, (Aristida stricta, Liatris tenuifolia var. laevigata, and Pityopsis graminifolia) responded positively to conditions following the burn by increased vegetative growth and flowering. The fourth species, Balduina angustifolia, is a fire-sensitive biennial and its firstyear rosettes were, with an occasional exception, unable to survive or resprout following fire. Availability of all soil inorganic nutrients examined (Ca, K, Mg, and P) was low, as were total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and pH. There was a slight nutrient pulse of phosphorus into the soil following burning. For two species ( Aristida and Liatris), shoot tissue concentrations of several inorganic nutrients (especially N and P) were higher on the burned site than the unburned site following burning. These differences generally dissipated over time since burning. The high concentration of tissue nutrients postburn followed by a decline on the burned site may result from rapid nutrient uptake after fire and dilution of this concentration following restoration of plant mass. Despite low levels of soil inorganic nutrients, including phosphorus, mycotrophy was absent or weakly developed among the herbaceous species examined, except for the tap-rooted Balduina angustifolia. Colonization of host plants by vesicular mycorrhizal fungi was unaffected by burning. Mycorrhizal inoculum potentials of sandhill soil were extremely low, varying seasonally from (mean 6 1 SE) 0.3 6 0.2 to 3.8 6 0.7%.
Power supply analysis in package and SiP design

This paper introduces a process that allows customers to do package power integrity (PI) analysis on the package side. The chip information such as the die circuits and current profiles as well as power delivery network circuit can be used at the board level to perform PI analysis. The die current profiles are used to obtain the target impedance. For the complicated package geometry structure, the 3D electromagnetic field solver is used to extract the package power supply model. In order to meet the target impedance, the required decoupling capacitors and location can be analyzed and placed according to the transfer impedance in frequency domain. The user can use the voltage ripples in time domain on power and ground nets for a direct verification process.
The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart

The Vulnerable Observer: Anthropology That Breaks Your Heart. Ruth Behar. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1996. 196 pp.
Tc-99m depreotide SPECT demonstrates photon-deficiency in the thoracic vertebrae after adjunct radiation therapy of lung cancer: correlation with MRI and bone scintigraphy.

Fifteen months after right lobe lobectomy with adjunctive radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma, a patient 53-yr-old man underwent Tc-99m depreotide chest single photon emission tomography (SPECT). In addition to two focal areas of abnormally increased uptake in the right lung, the Tc-99m depreotide SPECT showed cold areas in the middle thoracic vertebrae. Photopenic areas in the 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae were shown on a bone scintigraphy. T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed fatty replacement of the marrow and Schmorl’s nodes involving the 5th to 11th thoracic vertebrae. The vertebrae are normally visualized in Tc-99m depreotide SPECT imaging study, and lung tumor is usually somatostatin receptor positive with demonstrable activity in the lung. Absent uptake in the vertebrae in the fatty replacement of the marrow and multiple and giant vertebral Schmorl’s nodes in the correspondent vertebrae in MRI may reflect visualization of vertebrae due to Tc-99m depreotide localizing in the bone marrow. Of the three imaging modalities, MRI showed the widest areas of thoracic vertebral involvement. One should be aware that a cold lesion in the vertebrae on Tc-99m depreotide imaging study may result from irradiation and may indicate the presence of a benign lesion in the bone marrow.
Line-Closed Matroids, Quadratic Algebras, and Formal Arrangments

Let G be a matroid on ground set A. The Orlik-Solomon algebra A(G) is the quotient of the exterior algebra E on A by the ideal I generated by circuit boundaries. The quadratic closure [formula](G) of A(G) is the quotient of E by the ideal generated by the degree-two component of I. We introduce the notion of the nbb set in G, determined by a linear order on A, and show that the corresponding monomials are linearly independent in the quadratic closure [formula](G). As a consequence, A(G) is a quadratic algebra only if G is line-closed. An example of S. Yuzvinsky proves the converse false. [G. Denham and S. Yuzvinsky, Adv. in Appl. Math.28, 2002, doi:10.1006/aama.2001.0779]. These results generalize to the degree r closure of A(G). The motivation for studying line-closed matroids grew out of the study of formal arrangements. This is a geometric condition necessary for A to be free and for the complement M of A to be a K(@p,1) space. Formality of A is also necessary for A(G) to be a quadratic algebra. We clarify the relationship between formality, line-closure, and other matroidal conditions related to formality. We give examples to show that line-closure of G is not necessary or sufficient for M to be a K(@p,1) or for A to be free.
Putative Autocleavage of Outer Capsid Protein μ1, Allowing Release of Myristoylated Peptide μ1N during Particle Uncoating, Is Critical for Cell Entry by Reovirus

Several nonenveloped animal viruses possess an autolytic capsid protein that is cleaved as a maturation step during assembly to yield infectious virions. The 76-kDa major outer capsid protein μ1 of mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) is also thought to be autocatalytically cleaved, yielding the virion-associated fragments μ1N (4 kDa; myristoylated) and μ1C (72 kDa). In this study, we found that μ1 cleavage to yield μ1N and μ1C was not required for outer capsid assembly but contributed greatly to the infectivity of the assembled particles. Recoated particles containing mutant, cleavage-defective μ1 (asparagine → alanine substitution at amino acid 42) were competent for attachment; processing by exogenous proteases; structural changes in the outer capsid, including μ1 conformational change and σ1 release; and transcriptase activation but failed to mediate membrane permeabilization either in vitro (no hemolysis) or in vivo (no coentry of the ribonucleotoxin α-sarcin). In addition, after these particles were allowed to enter cells, the δ region of μ1 continued to colocalize with viral core proteins in punctate structures, indicating that both elements remained bound together in particles and/or trapped within the same subcellular compartments, consistent with a defect in membrane penetration. If membrane penetration activity was supplied in trans by a coinfecting genome-deficient particle, the recoated particles with cleavage-defective μ1 displayed much higher levels of infectivity. These findings led us to propose a new uncoating intermediate, at which particles are trapped in the absence of μ1N/μ1C cleavage. We additionally showed that this cleavage allowed the myristoylated, N-terminal μ1N fragment to be released from reovirus particles during entry-related uncoating, analogous to the myristoylated, N-terminal VP4 fragment of picornavirus capsid proteins. The results thus suggest that hydrophobic peptide release following capsid protein autocleavage is part of a general mechanism of membrane penetration shared by several diverse nonenveloped animal viruses.
Natural and Post-Urbanization Signatures of Hypoxia in Two Basins of Puget Sound: Historical Reconstruction of Redox Sensitive Metals and Organic Matter Inputs

Hypoxia has been observed in Hood Canal, Puget Sound, WA, USA since the 1970s. Four long sediment cores were collected in 2005 and age-dated to resolve natural and post-urbanization signatures of hypoxia and organic matter (OM) sources in two contrasting basins of Puget Sound: Main Basin and Hood Canal. Paleoecological indicators used for sediment reconstructions included pollen, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), biomarkers of terrestrial OM (TOM), biogenic silica (BSi), and redox-sensitive metals (RSM). The sedimentary reconstructions illustrated a gradient in RSM enrichment factors as Hood Canal > Main Basin, southern > northern cores, and pre-1900s > 1900–2005. The urbanization of Puget Sound watersheds during the 1900s was reflected as shifts in all the paleoecological signatures. Pollen distributions shifted from predominantly old growth conifer to successional alder, dominant OM signatures recorded a decrease in the proportion of marine OM (MOM) concomitant with an increase in the proportion of TOM, and the weight % of BSi decreased. However, these shifts were not coincidental with an overall increase in the enrichment of RSM or δ15N signatures indicative of cultural eutrophication. The increased percentage of TOM was independently verified by both the elemental ratios and lignin yields. In addition, isotopic signatures, BSi, and RSMs all suggest that OM shifts may be due to a reduction in primary productivity rather than an increase in OM regeneration in the water column or at the sediment/water interface. Therefore, the reconstructions suggested the Hood Canal has been under a more oxygenated “stance” during the twentieth century compared to prior periods. However, these 2005 cores and their resolutions do not encompass the period of high resolution water column measurements that showed short-lived hypoxia events and fish kills in Hood Canal during the early twenty-first century. The decoupling between the increased watershed-scale anthropogenic alterations recorded in the OM signatures and the relatively depleted RSM during the twentieth century suggests that physical processes, such as deep-water ventilation, may be responsible for the historical variation in oxygen levels. Specifically, climate oscillations may influence the ventilation and/or productivity of deep water in Puget Sound and particularly their least mixed regions.
Cosuppression of the α Subunits of β-Conglycinin in Transgenic Soybean Seeds Induces the Formation of Endoplasmic Reticulum–Derived Protein Bodies

The expression of the α and α′ subunits of β-conglycinin was suppressed by sequence-mediated gene silencing in transgenic soybean seed. The resulting seeds had similar total oil and protein content and ratio compared with the parent line. The decrease in β-conglycinin protein was apparently compensated by an increased accumulation of glycinin. In addition, proglycinin, the precursor of glycinin, was detected as a prominent polypeptide band in the protein profile of the transgenic seed extract. Electron microscopic analysis and immunocytochemistry of maturing transgenic soybean seeds indicated that the process of storage protein accumulation was altered in the transgenic line. In normal soybeans, the storage proteins are deposited in pre-existing vacuoles by Golgi-derived vesicles. In contrast, in transgenic seed with reduced β-conglycinin levels, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–derived vesicles were observed that resembled precursor accumulating–vesicles of pumpkin seeds and the protein bodies accumulated by cereal seeds. Their ER–derived membrane of the novel vesicles did not contain the protein storage vacuole tonoplast-specific protein α-TIP, and the sequestered polypeptides did not contain complex glycans, indicating a preGolgi and nonvacuolar nature. Glycinin was identified as a major component of these novel protein bodies and its diversion from normal storage protein trafficking appears to be related to the proglycinin buildup in the transgenic seed. The stable accumulation of proteins in a protein body compartment instead of vacuolar accumulation of proteins may provide an alternative intracellular site to sequester proteins when soybeans are used as protein factories.
Combining software and hardware monitoring for improved power and performance tuning

By anticipating when resources will be idle, it is possible to reconfigure the hardware to reduce power consumption without significantly reducing performance. This requires predicting what the resource requirements will be for an application. In the past, researchers have taken one of two approaches: design hardware monitors that can measure recent performance, or profile the application to determine the most likely behavior for each block of code. This paper explores a third option which is to combine hardware monitoring with software profiling to achieve lower power utilization than either method alone. We demonstrate the potential for this approach in two ways. First, we compare hardware monitoring and software profiling of IPC for code blocks and show that they capture different information. By combining them, we can control issue width and ALU usage more effectively to save more power. Second, we show that anticipating stalls due to critical load misses in the L2 cache can enable fetch halting. Again, hardware monitoring and software profiling must be used together to effectively predict misses and criticality of loads.
Adiponectin and metformin additively attenuate IL1β-induced malignant potential of colon cancer

Both adiponectin (AD) and metformin (Met) have been proposed to downregulate cell proliferation of colon cancer cells, but whether their effect might be additive has not been studied to date. Genetic studies in humans have suggested an important role for interleukin 1b (IL1b) in cancer pathogenesis. Direct evidence that IL1b contributes to the development of colon cancer has not yet been fully confirmed and no previous studies have evaluated how IL1b may interact with AD and/or Met to regulate malignant potential and intracellular signaling pathways in human and mouse colon cancer cells. We conducted in vitro studies using human (LoVo) and mouse (MCA38) colon cancer cell lines to evaluate whether AD and Met alone or in combination may antagonize IL1b-regulated malignant potential in human and mouse colon cancer cell lines. IL1b increased malignant potential and regulated the expression of tumor suppressor (p53) and cell cycle regulatory genes (p21, p27, and cyclin E2) in human and mouse colon cancer cell lines. These effects were reversed by co-administration of AD and/or Met and were additively altered by AD and Met in combination in a STAT3- and AMPK/LKB1-dependent manner. We also observed using fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis that IL1b-regulated cell cycle progression is altered by AD and Met alone or in combination. Our novel mechanistic studies provide evidence for an important role for IL1b in colon cancer and suggest that AD and/or Met might be useful agents in the management or chemoprevention of IL1b-induced colon carcinogenesis.
A Multi-Burst Transmission Strategy for Streaming Over Blockage Channels with Long Feedback Delay

We consider streaming over a blockage channel with long feedback delay, as arises in, e.g., real-time satellite communication from a comm-on-the-move (COTM) terminal. For this problem, we introduce a definition of delay that captures the real-time nature of the problem, which we show grows at least as fast as O(log(k)) for memoryless channels, where k corresponds to the number of packets in the transmission. Moreover, a tradeoff exists between this delay and a natural notion of throughput we introduce to capture the bandwidth requirements of the communication. We develop and analyze an efficient "multi-burst" transmission (MBT) protocol for achieving good delay-throughput tradeoffs within this framework, which we show to be robust and near-optimal within the class of retransmission protocols with fixed schedules. The MBT protocol can be augmented with coding for additional performance gains. Simulations validate the new protocols, including when peak bandwidth and delay constraints are imposed.
The Contract Year Phenomenon in the Corner Office: An Analysis of Firm Behavior During CEO Contract Renewals *

This paper investigates how executive employment contracts influence corporate financial policies during the final year of the contract term, using a new, hand-collected data set of CEO employment agreements. On the one hand, the impending expiration of fixed-term employment contracts creates incentives for CEOs to engage in strategic window-dressing activities. We find that, compared to normal periods, CEOs manage earnings more aggressively when they are in the process of contract renegotiations. Correspondingly, during CEO contract renewal times, firms are more likely to report earnings that meet or narrowly beat analyst consensus forecasts. Moreover, CEOs also reduce the amount of negative firm news released during their contract negotiation years. On the other hand, we find that merger and acquisition deals announced during the contract renegotiation year yield higher announcement returns than deals announced during other periods, suggesting that the upcoming contract expiration and renewal can also have disciplinary effects on potential value-destroying behaviors of CEOs. In addition, we show that firms whose CEOs are not subject to contract renewal pressure do not experience such corporate policy changes and that CEOs who engage in manipulation during contract renewal obtain better employment terms in their new contracts, in terms of contract length, severance payment, and salary and bonus. Overall, our results indicate that job uncertainty created by expiring employment contracts induces changes in managerial behaviors that have significant impacts on firm financial activities and outcomes.
Increased Levels of Lipid-Bound Sialic Acid in Thymic Lymphocytes and Plasma From Leukemic AKR/J Mice

Lipid-bound sialic acid levels for thymic lymphocytes and plasma were elevated twofold in leukemic AKR/J mice as compared to the levels observed in young, nonleukemic mice. In contrast, lipid-bound phosphorus levels were similar for thymic lymphocytes from both groups of mice.
Complete heart block during central venous catheter placement in a patient with pre‐existing left bundle branch block

Heart block and arrhythmia are complications of pulmonary artery and cardiac catheterization. Injury to the conducting system of the heart often involves the right bundle causing right bundle branch block (RBBB). If patients already have left bundle branch block (LBBB), complete heart block (CHB) may result. After trauma, impairment of the right bundle is usually transient with recovery in hours, but complete heart block can lead to symptoms requiring invasive treatment. Similar complications are rare with insertion of central venous catheters, as they should not enter the heart. Injury to the right bundle during central venous catheter insertion can be by trauma from the guide wire or from the catheter itself. The function of the AV node and bundle of His in these patients has not been studied before. We report a patient with LBBB who developed CHB during insertion of a central venous cannula. Conduction through the AV node and His–Purkinje system was intact, showing that the transient RBBB was caused by traumatic injury rather than by other disease of the conduction system.
Efficient and Stable White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing a Single Emitter

Using a single tetradentate platinum emitter dubbed Pt7O7, efficient and stable white organic light-emitting diodes are developed. The excimer-based white devices achieve an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.5%, coordinates of (0.37, 0.42) based on the Commission internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) system, and a color rendering index (CRI) of 70. Moreover, devices of Pt7O7 in a stable structure demonstrate operational lifetimes (50% initial luminance) of 36 h at an elevated driving current of 20 mA cm2, which corresponds to over 10,000 h at 100 cd m2.
The direct sulfur recovery process

The Research Triangle Institute under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, is developing the Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP) for converting either reduced or oxidized sulfur gases directly to elemental sulfur. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of stoichiometry, pressure, temperature, space velocity and steam content. Pressure was found to be the most important variable. Increasing pressure from 1.5 atm to 20 atm quadrupled the sulfur recovery at equivalent space velocity. Sulfur recoveries from dilute SO2 streams were greater than 96% in tests simulating the first stage of reaction. In the first stage of reaction, SO2 is directly reduced to elemental sulfur by coal gas or other reducing gases at high temperature and high pressure. Under second-stage reaction conditions, recoveries ranged from 80 to 98% depending on operating conditions. Combined with a first-stage conversion of 96%, this translates into overall conversions of 99.2 to 99.9%. Preliminary economic comparisons with conventional processes that could be used for treating dilute SO2 tail gases showed a decisive cost advantage for the new catalytic process. The effectiveness of the high-pressure, high-temperature DSRP on H2S containing gases has also been demonstrated. Direct conversions of H2S to elemental sulfur ranged to 98% in a single stage of reaction using near stoichiometric amounts of air or oxygen. Bench-scale development is ongoing to investigate a variety of reactor types and configurations.
A privacy-preserving interdomain audit framework

Recent trends in Internet computing have led to the popularization of many forms of virtual organizations. Examples include supply chain management, grid computing, and collaborative research environments like PlanetLab. Unfortunately, when it comes to the security analysis of these systems, the whole is certainly greater than the sum of its parts. That is, local intrusion detection and audit practices are insufficient for detecting distributed attacks such as coordinated network reconnaissance, stepping-stone attacks, and violations of application-level trust constraints between security domains. A distributed process that coordinates information from each member could detect these types of violations, but privacy concerns between member organizations or safety concerns about centralizing sensitive information often restrict this level of information flow. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving framework for distributed audit that allows member organizations to detect distributed attacks without requiring the release of excessive private information. We discuss both the architecture and mechanisms used in our approach and comment on the performance of a prototype implementation.
Enchantment in Baroque Festive Court Performances in France: Les Plaisirs de L’Isle Enchantée

Extraordinary manifestations displaying the grandeur of the kings reached their height in the seventeenth-century “fetes de cour baroques,” such as Les Plaisirs de l’isle enchantee performed from May 7, 1664, and spilling over in baroque fashion, until May 14, 1664. This “fete” inaugurated the opening of Versailles, the former hunting lodge of Louis XIII, as the “Palais enchante” of Louis XIV, a palace “qui charme en toutes manieres”.1 Officially, this fete de cour was in honor of the Queen Mother Anne d’Autriche and Louis XIV’s wife Marie-Therese, but everyone knew it was for his mistress Mlle de la Valliere. These performances highlighted the artistic collaboration of the author-actor Moliere, the composer Lully, the ballet choreographer Beauchamps, the verse creator Benserade, the machine designer Vigarani, and singers, dancers, musicians and spectators as performers. Louis XIV appointed the Duc de Saint Aignan to create a living and dynamic unity between the various entertainments and to integrate them into the parklike outdoor setting.
Using Forms Effectively and Efficiently

This article suggests how to best use “stock” forms while still creating a unique document for any purpose.
Night and Day An Illustration of Framing and Moral Foundations in the Oklahoma Shariah Amendment Campaign

This study analyzes letters to the editor in two Oklahoma newspapers during the debate over a constitutional amendment banning judicial use of the Islamic moral code called “Shariah Law.” Using Mor...
Abstract LB-276: Fusion transcripts in breast cancer cell lines and tumors

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The role of fusion gene transcripts such as BRC-ABL1 has been long appreciated in hematopoietic malignancies. Recent evidence from next generation sequencing projects has suggested that gene fusion events and the resultant chimaeric transcripts may be expressed in solid tumors. We have developed a novel bioinformatics analytical pipeline to detect fusion gene transcripts from paired-end mRNA-seq data. The bioinformatics tool used for fusion transcript discovery employs multiple steps of false positive filtering and nominates the fusion transcript candidates with high confidence (approaching 100%). The screening and validation of the fusion candidates were quickly carried out using the recommended primer design regions as one of the outputs of the SnowShoes-FD pipeline. This pipeline was used to analyze the transcriptome of 22 breast cancer cell lines and 9 non-transformed breast cell populations. Fifty-four fusion candidates were nominated, all of which were validated using reverse transcription PCR and Sanger sequencing. Five fusion products were predicted to have a second fusion junction point between two fusion partners. These 54 fusion transcripts consist of 103 partner genes that are involved in cell cycle and/or nuclear receptor signaling. No fusion transcripts were identified from the non-transformed breast cell lines. We subsequently analyzed a panel of primary breast tumors, 8 each HER2+, triple negative, and ER+. Fifteen novel fusion transcript candidates have been nominated. Validation and functional analysis of these candidates is in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-276. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-276
An overview of energy demand forecasting methods published in 2005–2015

The importance of energy demand management has been more vital in recent decades as the resources are getting less, emission is getting more and developments in applying renewable and clean energies has not been globally applied. Demand forecasting plays a vital role in energy supply-demand management for both governments and private companies. Therefore, using models to accurately forecast the future energy consumption trends—specifically with nonlinear data—is an important issue for the power production and distribution systems. Several techniques have been developed over the last few decades to accurately predict the future in energy consumption. This paper reviews various energy demand-forecasting methods that have been published as research articles between 2005 and 2015. The scope of forecasting applications and techniques is quite large, and this article focuses on the methods which are used to predict energy consumption. The applications of traditional techniques such as econometric and time series models along with soft computing methods such as neural networks, fuzzy logic and other models are reviewed in the current work. The most cited studies applied neural networks to forecast the energy consumption and approved the notable performance of the models, but computation time is much more than many other methods based on its sophisticated structure. Another field of future research includes the development of hybrid methods. The literature shows that the classical methods cannot result in dominant outputs anymore.
A Computationally Efficient Approach to Hypersonic Reacting Flows

Reproducing hypersonic flight conditions in ground based facilities is a very challenging problem due to the high enthalpies required in the test gas, while simultaneously trying to match the post shock gas composition seen in flight. Experimental facilities have made significant progress in reproducing accurately hypersonic flows, but these facilities generally face issues associated with high operating costs and relatively short and noisy test times. This necessitates the need for high fidelity numerical simulations to aid with the investigation of these flows.
Design of a Compact Infrared Optical System

In this paper,the way to choose configurations for infrared optical system design was discussed.A compact catadioptric infrared optical system was designed.The ratio of total length and focus length was 0.59.The results show that the system possesses better athermal performances in the temperature range-40℃～60℃.The image quality of the system almost reaches diffractive limit.In addtiton,the optical system has many advantages,such as compact structure,small volume and so on.It can be applied to imaging infrared seeker.
The Dependent Origins of Independent Agencies: The Interstate Commerce Commission and the Rise of Modern Campaign Finance and Capture

Independent regulatory agencies are some of the most powerful institutions in the United States, and we think of them today as designed to be insulated from political control. This Article shows that their origins were the opposite: this model first emerged in the late nineteenth century because it offered more political control.The modern executive’s design of unitary presidential control over most offices, along side “independent” regulatory agencies, took shape in the winter of 1886-1887. Congress repealed the Tenure of Office Act, giving the President the unchecked power to dismiss principal officers, and ending the Senate’s power to protect those officers. Shortly afterward, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, the first model for the modern independent agency. These two statutes are a basic foundation for the modern executive branch: the unitary executive’s power over most offices, alongside independence regulatory commissions that are sometimes called a “fourth branch of government.”This structural change was triggered by a sudden and significant transformation in American campaign finance. In the nineteenth century, parties relied on “assessments,” officeholders paying a percentage of their salary as a kickback to their party. Due to the federal prohibition of patronage “assessments” in 1876 and 1883, the parties were forced to adopt our more recognizable modern system of large special interest campaign contributions. The Senate had less incentive to fight for its power over federal offices and assessment money, and it suddenly needed to increase its access to railroad money. The Interstate Commerce Commission was the Senate’s means of attracting that money. The existing scholarship on the Interstate Commerce Commission generally contends that Congress was “shifting responsibility,” decreasing its own power so that it could punt difficult issues and delegate them to a new commission. To the contrary, this Article shows that the Senate and the President were seizing power, not punting away thorny questions. The ICC was a rejection of a far more independent enforcement model (private civil litigation in federal or state courts) towards a model of shared political accountability model (a commission nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate for six-year terms. This story shows how sudden changes in campaign finance triggered dramatic changes in constitutional design, and set the foundation for the modern executive branch.
Activity of Targeted Molecular Therapeutics Against Primary AML Cells: Putative Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment.

In hematological malignancies, there are reciprocal interactions between leukemic cells and cells of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). It is speculated that specific BM niches may provide a sanctuary for subpopulations of leukemic cells to evade chemotherapy-induced death and allow acquisition of a drug-resistant phenotype. In this study, we compared anti-leukemia effects of Ara-C and various signal transduction and apoptosis inhibitors in a co-culture system of primary AML and human bone marrow-derived MSC. AML blasts from 11 primary AML samples with high (>70%) blast count were co-cultured with MSC for 24 hours, after which they were exposed to the indicated concentrations of inhibitors for 48–96 hrs. Concentrations were selected on the basis of preliminary cell line studies which determined efficient inhibition of drug targets. Induction of apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V flow cytometry after gating on the CD90 APC(−) (non-MSC) population. MSC protected leukemic blasts from spontaneous apoptosis in all 11 samples studied (mean annexinV positivity, 49.5±7.2% vs 25.3±4.8%, p Tabe et al, ASH 2005 ), we report that interactions of leukemic and BM stromal cells result in the activation of PI3K/ILK/AKT signaling in both, leukemic and stromal cells. We therefore propose that disruption of these interactions by specific PI3K/AKT inhibitors represents a novel therapeutic approach to eradicate leukemia in the BM microenvironment via direct effects on leukemic cells and by targeting activated BM stromal cells. Furthermore, Bcl-2 and MDM2 inhibitors appear to retain their efficacy in stroma-cocultured AML cells, while the efficacy of chemotherapy and Raf/MEK inhibitors in these conditions may be reduced. Further studies are aimed at the elucidation of the role of the BM microenvironment and its ability to activate specific signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of leukemias and on efforts to disrupt the MSC/leukemia interaction ( Zeng et al, ASH 2005 ). Focus on this stroma-leukemia-stroma crosstalk may result in the development of strategies that enhance the efficacy of therapies in hematological malignancies and prevent the acquisition of a chemoresistant phenotype.
The Presumption of Punishment

The presumption of innocence undergirds the American criminal justice system. It is so fundamental that it is derived from the concepts of due process and the importance of a fair trial. An informed, historical understanding of the interaction between the presumption of innocence and key tenets of due process can help clarify the meaning and application of the presumption of innocence in the modern day. Due process, as developed throughout English and US. Colonial history leading up to the formation of the US. Constitution, has two important implications. First, due process provides a general guarantee of liberty against punishment or imprisonment without a fair trial. Second, due process requires that a jury, as opposed to a judge, determine the factual guilt of a defendant at trial. These two key tenets were historically fundamental to due process and should guide how the presumption of innocence impacts various stages of trial, including pretrial detention decisions and sentencing. Returning to a historical understanding of due process requires that judges not determine facts or punish individuals before a trial has occurred.
Biomarkers of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7: GABA MR Spectroscopy, H-Reflex and Clinical Correlation (P6.398)

Objective: This study was aimed to establish biomarkers of spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCA7) in anticipation of introduction of gene therapy to clinical trials in the near future. Background: SCA7 is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive ataxia, spasticity and retinal degeneration caused by CAG repeat in ataxin 7. Here we present preliminary data from single-center natural history study emphasizing detailed evaluation of neurological manifestations of SCA7 using GABA MR spectroscopy (MRS) and H-reflex along with its clinical correlation. Methods: Six patients and 7 age-matched controls were enrolled in this study. The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) was used for evaluation of ataxia. Dexterity and postural stability was measured using 9-hole pegboard and Kinetics Foundation quantitative testing. MRS and MRI data were collected in a 3T scanner. Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) pulse sequence and the J-edited method were used to measure metabolites of interest. Each voxel was segmented into grey and white matter to account for possible volumetric differences between the groups. Vibratory inhibition of H-reflex was obtained for quantitative measure of spasticity. Results: The GABA/Cr was decreased in the SCA7 patients in cerebellar grey matter however there was no difference in the mid frontal area between two groups. The NAA/Cr was significantly decreased in cerebellum but not in mid frontal lobe in SCA7 group. GABA/Cr showed trend for negative correlation with SARA score but no consistent correlation with vibratory inhibition of H-reflex, Kinetics Foundation quantitative measures or 9-hole pegboard test. Conclusions: This is the first study suggesting that GABA level in cerebellum may be decreased in SCA7 patients. This method seems promising although its clinical correlation was not significant in this small study. Longitudinal study with larger sample is required to address whether GABA MRS can be a potential biomarker of the disease activity. Disclosure: Dr. Cho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Panyakaew has nothing to disclose. Dr. Horovitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brooks has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hallett has nothing to disclose.
Assessing the relationships among information systems integration, coordination cost improvements, and firm profitability

This paper used a survey questionnaire approach to obtain results about the roles of bonding cost improvement, internal monitoring cost improvement and external transaction cost improvement in mediating the impacts of internal and external information systems (IS) integration on firm profitability. Results indicate that internal IS integration is significantly associated with external IS integration. Both bonding and internal monitoring cost improvements are significantly impacted by internal IS integration, while external transaction cost improvement is impacted by external IS integration. All three cost improvements are significantly associated with firm profitability. The effect of internal IS integration on firm profitability is mediated through both bonding and internal monitoring cost improvements. Similarly, the effect of external IS integration on firm profitability is mediated through external transaction cost improvement. Furthermore, the link between internal IS integration and profitability is mediated through external IS integration and external transaction cost improvement.
Direction-independent algorithm for simulating nonlinear pressure waves

AbstractThis study formulates a frequency-domain computational scheme for simulating nonlinear wave propagation in a homogeneous medium governed by the Westervelt equation. The need for such numeri...
Robust distributed energy resources management for microgrids in a retail electricity market

In this paper, we propose a framework for robust distributed energy resource (DER) management in microgrids considering a retail electricity market. Our objective is to maximize the total profits of the microgrids while maintaining the reliability and security of the system. We formulate a two-stage robust optimization model to address uncertainties in day-ahead retail electricity price and DERs. Extensive simulation results show that microgrids can maximize the total profit and ensure system reliability and security by coordinating DERs in the framework we propose.
Three-Dimensional Macroporous Nanoelectronics Scaffold Innervated Synthetic Tissue

Functional synthetic 3D macroporous biomaterials as extracellular matrices (ECMs) are crucial for areas ranging from biophysics to regenerative medicine because they allow for studies of cell/tissue development in the presence of spatiotemporal biochemical stimulants [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], and the understanding of pharmacological response of cells within synthetic tissues models is expected to provide a more robust link to in vivo disease treatment than that from 2D cell cultures [6].
Inspired Inquiry: Crafting K-5 STEM Lessons with Science Fiction

As many proponents of STEAM education have argued, the creativity and socially-grounded expressiveness of art is a naturally occurring function of science, technology, engineering, and math. No innovations could be made otherwise! Teachers can develop this essential creativity in elementary science lessons through high-quality science fiction. While largely understudied in education research, there is evidence that engaging children in quality science fiction is likely to increase engagement and interest in STEM study and potentially even STEM careers. High quality examples of science fiction have a special penchant for evoking wonder and speculation—prime ingredients for inquiry. This article offers the theory, guidance, and ideas that science teachers need to begin using science fiction picturebooks as a productive tool in STEAM lessons.
Short-Term Group Therapy with Holocaust Survivors and the Second Generation

Holocaust literature is replete with articles concerning the treatment of survivors in classical, long-term, and family therapy, in addition to second generations in self-help groups. A review of these treatments will follow. However, this literature is limited with respect to survivors in short-term group therapy. This paper is the first description of short-term group therapy with this population, and the first description of short-term group therapy with Holocaust survivors and the second generation who are not related.
Molecular approaches to evaluation of the risk of aromatic amine-induced bladder cancer: smoking-related carcinogen—DNA adducts in biopsied samples of human urinary bladder

Urinary bladder cancer remains a significant health problem in the United States. In 1989, there were an estimated 47000 cases of bladder cancer diagnosed, with 34500 of these occurring in males. In the same year, it was estimated that 10200 persons died from this disease (American Cancer Society, 1989). Epidemiological studies clearly show that the major risk factor in the causation of bladder cancer is tobacco smoking. Between 40% and 85% of all cases of bladder cancer are attributable to smoking cigarettes, and smokers have a 2-10-fold increased relative risk over non-smokers for developing bladder tumours (Mommsen et al., 1985). But although smoking has a tremendous effect upon the rate of bladder cancer in the general population, within certain small groups the effect of occupational exposures can be dramatic. Reports have been published indicating that the prevalence of bladder cancer was as high as 50% in small groups of workers that were heavily exposed to aromatic amines in the earliest part of this century (Zavon et al., 1973). Dye, leather and rubber workers have also been shown to be at increased risk (Cartwright and Glashan, 1984).
UVB Prevention of Mouse Skin Tumor Induction by the Initiation-Promotion Protocol

Repeated exposure of mice to UVB (280 to 320 nm) radiation results in the development of a state of tumor-specific suppression that renders the host Incapable of mounting an effective immunological rejection response to antigenic determinants expressed by UV-induced skin tumor cells (1,2). In this system, normal mice can reject transplanted UV-induced tumor cells, whereas UV-treated mice cannot. The objective of this research was to determine if UVB irradiation influences mouse skin tumorigcnesis induced by an initiation-promotion protocol.
On the existence of a σ-finite invariant measure under a generalized Harris condition

A Markov transition probability function was shown by Harris [3] to admit a σ-finite invariant measure, under a certain probabilistic recurrence condition which was later given an essentially equivalent measure-theoretic form (see [2], [4], [5], and [8]). The latter includes the assumption that if T is the L∞ operator induced by the system, then the L∞ norm of T is one. The present paper weakens this assumption replacing it by: lim inf Tn h < ∞ a.e.