cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Relationship between Intelligence and Reading Achievement Using the MAT-SF and MAST:

The relationship between intelligence and achievement was studied to determine whether there are significant developmental differences in the correlations between the variables and to determine the size of the coefficient. It has been hypothesized that the relationship between intelligence and reading increases after grade 2 and that the relationship is small. These hypotheses recently were challenged. In order to test adequately whether developmental changes between intelligence and achievement exist, the same tests of reading and intelligence should be administered to large samples. The present study involved 2,125 students in grades 2-9 who were administered a nonverbal test of intelligence (Matrix Analogies Test-Short Form) and a measure of reading achievement (Multilevel Academic Survey Test-Reading). Results showed similarity across the ages (rs ranged .43 to .58) and an average correlation between reading and intelligence of .57. The hypothesis that intelligence becomes more correlated with reading...
The problem of anti‐pig antibodies in pig‐to‐primate xenografting: current and novel methods of depletion and/or suppression of production of anti‐pig antibodies

The role of antibodies directed against Galalpha1-3Gal (alpha-Gal) epitopes in porcine-to-primate xenotransplantation has been widely studied during the past few years. These antibodies (anti-alpha-Gal) have been associated with both hyperacute rejection and acute vascular rejection of vascularized organs. Depletion and (temporary or permanent) suppression of production of anti-alpha-Gal seem to be essential to the long-term survival of these organs, even when the ultimate aim is accommodation or tolerance. Although more than 95% depletion of anti-alpha-Gal can be achieved by the use of immunoaffinity column technology, to date no regimen has been successful in preventing the return of anti-alpha-Gal (from continuing production). In this review, we discuss current and novel methods for achieving depletion or inhibition (i.e. extracorporeal immunoadsorption, anti-idiotypic antibodies, the intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin or oligosaccharides) and suppression of production (i.e. irradiation, pharmacologic agents, specific monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins) of anti-alpha-Gal antibodies.
Nonlinear dynamic analyses of single hippocampal neurons before and after long-term potentiation

Long-term potentiation (LTP) has long been considered an important phenomenon involved in learning and memory. However, the current literature lacks systematical analyses of single neuron dynamics before and after LTP induction. In this report, we applied an up to 3rd-order Volterra kernel to analyze the dynamics of single hippocampal neurons before and after LTP induction. Broadband Poisson random impulse trains with a 2 Hz mean frequency, which included physiologically plausible patterns, were applied to stimulate CA1 pyramidal neurons through Schaffer collateral before and after LTP induction. Corresponding somatic sub-threshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded from CA1 neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. The result suggests that LTP increases linear responses and depresses nonlinear responses. The phenomenon can be explained with both presynaptic and postsynaptic hypotheses. Further comparisons of voltage-clamp and current-clamp recordings are needed to distinguish the changes of dynamics in presynaptic and/or postsynaptic mechanisms.
The effect on students' attitudes of the computer as a teaching aid

The effect on students' attitudes of using a microcomputer as a demonstration aid was investigated in an intermediate algebra class. The subjects were 110 college students, 51 of whom participated in an experimental instructional strategy that involved a microcomputer as an aid in teaching mathematical concepts. The results suggest a significant treatment effect on students' attitude favoring the microcomputer treatment group.
Analysis of Participant Reactivity in Dyads Performing a Videotaped Conflict-Management Task

Videotaping is used frequently in nursing research. A threat to the validity of videotaping is participant reactivity, that is, being recorded by a camera may influence the behavior of interest. This paper's purpose is to report how youth ages 10 to 14 years old and their parent viewed participation in a videotaped conflict-management task. Five dyads, who were part of a randomized clinical trial testing an intervention to promote parent-child communication, participated in a structured interview. All parents were mothers. Youth were eighth graders. Three were boys and two were girls. Findings indicated that (a) dyads felt that the videotaped interaction had a progression of feeling unnatural in the beginning to feeling natural toward the end, (b) dyads found it relatively easy to choose a topic of discussion, and (c) dyads felt that the discussions were meaningful. Based on these data, recommendations for researchers to reduce participant reactivity are provided.
SOME ASPECTS OF A RESEARCH PROGRAM BASED ON AN ORGANISMIC-DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH TO COGNITION: EXPERIMENTS AND THEORY.

This paper is restricted to a description of the research program on perception and other cognitive operations which Heinz Werner and I initiated at Clark University some fifteen years ago. Our research program is embedded in an experimental-theoretical approach which we now refer to as organismic-developmental. The organismic aspects of this view were specified for perception in sensory-tonic field theory (Werner and Wapner, 1949, 1952b, 1956b; Wapner and Werner, 1957); the developmental aspects derive from Heinz Werner's comparative-developmental point of view (Werner, 1940, 1957). In characterizing the research program: (1) I shall outline our general aims; (2) I shall very briefly describe some general features of the organismic-developmental approach; (3) I shall briefly describe the research program in the course of elaborating some specific features of the theoretical approach; and (4) I shall summarize some research findings on selected problem areas which will both concretize the theoretical-experimental features alluded to, and, hopefully, suggest areas of clinical application.
Type IA DNA topoisomerases: Strictly one step at a time

During DNA replication and transcription, the winding of the DNA helix undergoes dramatic changes that give rise to DNA supercoiling. Additionally, both DNA replication and recombination can leave the DNA in a tangled, catenated, or interwound state. DNA topoisomerases are the enzymes charged with resolving these topological problems in the DNA (for reviews, see refs. 1–3). In addition, in bacteria two or more DNA topoisomerases act in concert to maintain a fixed global level of helical tension in the DNA that is critical for its proper function. Topoisomerases alter the topological state of the DNA by either passing one strand of the helix through the other strand (type I family) or by passing a region of duplex DNA through another region of duplex DNA (type II family). The two families of enzymes carry out this molecular sleight of hand by reversibly cleaving one or both strands of the DNA, respectively. The reversibility of the reaction is ensured by the covalent attachment of the enzyme to a DNA end (or ends) through a phosphodiester linkage involving a tyrosine residue in the enzyme. The type I family is further subdivided into two subfamilies depending on the polarity of attachment of the topoisomerase to the DNA; members of the type IA subfamily become attached to 5′ phosphate termini, whereas members of the type IB subfamily attach to 3′ phosphates. The requirement for a type IA enzyme to bind a short single-stranded region in the substrate further distinguishes the type IA enzymes from the type IB enzymes, which prefer completely duplex DNA. What happens after cleavage to effect the strand passage reaction has long fascinated investigators working on the type I enzymes. The experiments described by Dekker et al. (4) in this issue of PNAS provide an elegant and convincing test of a model …
Making on-demand routing protocols based on destination sequence numbers robust

We show that the way in which the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol handles destination-based sequence numbers can lead to looping of data packets, defacto network partitions, and counting to infinity in the presence of link or node failures in ad hoc networks using an unreliable medium access control (MAC) protocol like the IEEE 802.11 DCF (distributed coordination function). The source of AODV's problems with sequence numbers is the use of a delete period after which nodes are allowed to forget invalid routes to destinations. We present a new approach for the handling of sequence numbers in AODV that eliminates the use of delete periods for destination-based sequence numbers, and show, with simulation experiments, that the new approach performs the same as or better than AODV.
Film stress and geometry effects in chrome photomask cleaning damage

As design rules shrink, photomask blank material characteristics play a more significant role in successful mask fabrication. Chromium-based absorber film stress is a key material attribute in determining mask quality. A photomask is cleaned several times during manufacture by various techniques incorporating part or all of the following processes: strong acids, bases, high pressure sprays, mechanical brushes, sonic agitation. In such aggressive environments, electrostatic discharge damage (ESD) and mechanical damage can occur. Chromium-based film dependence on sputter deposition parameters was studied here. Photoblank flatness, measured by optical interferometry, was used to quantify the stress. Blanks with various chrome film stresses were patterned with features combining different geometry types. The masks were then subjected to multiple cleaning cycles and inspected after each cycle. The results demonstrate how mask damage is related to the film mechanical properties (which are controllable by sputter deposition parameters) and the pattern itself (which is not controllable).
Operation of Pt/AlGaN/GaN-Heterojunction Field-Effect-Transistor Hydrogen Sensors With Low Detection Limit and High Sensitivity

To enhance the device sensitivity and detection limit, a gate bias is applied to the catalytic metal of AlGaN/GaN- heterojunction field-effect-transistor (HFET) hydrogen sensors to control the carrier concentration in the channel at operation. The sensors exhibit a good sensitivity at temperatures up to 800degC and a detection limit of 10-ppb H2 in N2. The dependence of the device sensitivity on gate and drain biases has been investigated. The sensitivity peaks at the gate bias of threshold voltage and the drain bias of knee voltage in sensing gas. At high temperatures and H2 concentrations, specifically from 300degC and 1000-ppm H2/N2, respectively, the sensitivity of HFETs at Vgs = -3.5 V and Vds = 1V is more than three orders higher than their sensitivity at Vgs = 0 V and the sensitivity of Schottky diodes.
The Economics of Forced Labor

The problem of forced labor has been at the center of much recent historical literature. If anything, the debate has shown that not all coercion has the same social, political, and economic effects upon the coerced laborer and his (or her) employer. Central to this debate is the question why coerced labor is needed, and why certain forms of coerced labor are chosen under certain circumstances. Why do the specific forms of coerced labor change over time and differ across space, and why, even in a given area at a given time, do differing forms of coerced labor exist?
Loran phase codes, revisited

This paper investigates possible changes to the Loran phase codes, and the potential improvements that such changes could provide. (The term "phase code" refers to a multiplier of plusmn1 on the envelope of each individual Loran pulse; the sequence of signs repeats every two groups or "phase code interval.") Currently, all master signals use one specific phase code and all secondary signals use another. The phase codes now in use allow for cancellation of sky wave interference (beyond 1 msec delay, that is) and for discrimination between master and secondary stations, an important consideration for legacy Loran receiver technology. The goal in this paper is to open up the discussion of phase code selection. Two important issues considered are: 1) The codes themselves - could redesigned phase codes still provide sufficient sky wave protection, yet yield improved cross rate interference rejection? 2) The allocation of the codes - currently, all secondaries share a common phase code (master signals have a different code). Could different stations have different phase codes (e.g. implementing a form of code division multiplexing)?
Student Perceptions of the Professional Behavior of Faculty Physicians

This study was conducted to obtain a baseline understanding of the professional behav-ior of clinical faculty physicians from the medical students’ perspective. Students completed a professionalism evaluation of supervising faculty at the end of each required third-year clerkship over a one year period. Results were analyzed by specific behaviors and across clerkships. Dif-ferences were noted in the frequency of the types of problems seen, and varied by clerkship disci-pline. The most common transgressions of professional behavior reported were the use of deroga-tory language towards other services or patients and the disrespectful treatment of others. Our study served to provide objective feedback to the faculty about student perceptions of faculty as role models for professionalism while on clinical rotations. Key Words: Professionalism, undergraduate medical education, role models
Adolescents report both positive and negative consequences of experimentation with cigarette use.

Objective To examine the physiological and social consequences that 9th and 10th grade adolescents experience as a result of experimenting with cigarette use, and whether consequences vary by level of experimentation and gender.
Toward a dialogic theory of public relations

Abstract This essay clarifies the concept of dialogue in public relations. As public relations theory and research move toward a two-way relational communication model, many scholars and practitioners are increasingly using the terms “dialogic” and “dialogue” to describe ethical and practical approaches to public relations. The concept of dialogue is deeply rooted in philosophy and relational communication theory. Its inclusion in the public relations vocabulary is an important step toward understanding how organizations can build relationships that serve both organizational and public interests. This essay traces the roots of dialogue, identifies several over-arching tenets, and provides three ways that organizations can incorporate dialogue into their communication with publics.
Colonoscopic evaluation in ulcerative colitis

Colonoscopic evaluation is an important tool in the evaluation of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is divided by disease extent into proctitis, proctosigmoiditis, left-sided colitis, and pan-colitis. In addition, a cecal or peri-appendiceal patch and backwash ileitis are associated with UC. The extent and behavior of UC has been characterized further using various indices and scoring systems; among these systems is the Mayo Score, which is widely used in current clinical trials for new medications. As these medical therapies for UC have developed, achieving mucosal healing with medications has become an important therapeutic objective.
Event services for high performance computing

The Internet and the Grid are changing the face of high-performance computing. Rather than tightly-coupled SPMD-style components running in a single cluster, on a parallel machine, or even on the Internet programmed in MPI, applications are evolving into sets of collaborating components scattered across diverse computational elements. These collaborating components may run on different operating systems and hardware platforms and may be written by different organizations in different languages. Complete "applications" are constructed by assembling these components in a plug-and-play fashion. This new vision for high-performance computing demands features and characteristics which are not easily provided by traditional high-performance communications middleware. In response to these needs, we have developed ECho, a high-performance event-delivery middleware that meets the new demands of the Grid environment. ECho provides efficient binary transmission of event data with unique features that support data-type discovery and enterprise-scale application evolution. We present measurements detailing ECho's performance to show that ECho significantly outperforms other systems intended to provide this functionality, and that it provides throughput and latency comparable to the most efficient middleware infrastructures available.
II. Nozick's entitlements

This article examines Nozick's claim (in Anarchy, State and Utopia) to have shown that a commitment to individual liberties requires acceptance of full capitalist property rights. The main gap in Nozick's argument is that he fails to show how individuals can become entitled to full control over previously unheld resources. Nozick draws on Locke's view that title is acquired by ‘mixing one's labour’. But he excises certain (dubious) premisses on which Locke's theory relies and provides no alternative grounds for thinking that the labourer is entitled to full control over his product.
Vessel extraction techniques and algorithms: a survey

Vessel segmentation algorithms are critical components of circulatory blood vessel analysis systems. We present a survey of vessel extraction techniques and algorithms, putting the various approaches and techniques in perspective by means of a classification of the existing research. While we target mainly the extraction of blood vessels, neurovascular structure in particular we also review some of the segmentation methods for the tubular objects that show similar characteristics to vessels. We divide vessel segmentation algorithms and techniques into six main categories: (1) pattern recognition techniques, (2) model-based approaches, (3) tracking-based approaches, (4) artificial intelligence-based approaches, (5) neural network-based approaches, and (6) miscellaneous tube-like object detection approaches. Some of these categories are further divided into sub-categories. A table compares the papers against such criteria as dimensionality, input type, preprocessing, user interaction, and result type.
Face authentication from cell phone camera images with illumination and temporal variations

We investigated the performance of three face verification algorithms (correlation filters, Individual PCA, and FisherFaces) on an image database collected by a cell phone camera. Cell phone camera images tend to be of poorer quality along with experiencing scale and dynamic illumination changes due to cell phone portability. While Individual PCA and FisherFaces work in the image domain, correlation filters work in the frequency domain and offer advantages such as shift-invariance, the ability to accommodate in-class image variability, and closed-form expressions. Verification results suggest that, with this database, correlation filters can offer a better performance than Individual PCA and comparable performance with FisherFaces with fewer filters.
Water vapor pressure should be addressed in Potomac study

In Bruce Doe's article, “A Potomac Perspective on the Growing Global Greenhouse” (Eos, January 5,1999), a statement is made in the next to last paragraph that “other climatic parameters such as precipitation can correlate better than temperature among the five sites.” It would be expected that precipitation, and in particular the partial pressure of water vapor, should correlate with the carbon dioxide greenhouse effect. It was pointed out by W. G. Egan and coworkers in 1991 that there is an inverse relationship between carbon dioxide and water vapor partial pressure, seen both in laboratory experiments and at all worldwide Global Monitoring for Climate Change monitoring stations. Specific examples were presented for Cold Bay, Alaska and Palmer Station, Antarctica monthly and annually
The Purposes, Importance, and Feasibility of Program Evaluation in Community-Based Early Intervention Programs

The purpose of this study was to gather information on service providers' perceptions related to program evaluation in community-based early intervention programs. The directors of 61 programs in Texas responded to a 22-item questionnaire. Respondents ranked eight program evaluation purposes, rated the importance and feasibility of five types of program evaluation on a Likert-type scale, and indicated on a checklist factors potentially hindering each type. Results indicated that program improvement should be the main reason for conducting program evaluation. Evaluating program goals and child progress were considered the most feasible strategies; evaluating program quality and evaluating family progress were perceived as most difficult. Although numerous factors hinder program evaluation efforts, a lack of appropriate methods and measurement instruments was perceived as the greatest constraint. Implications of these results for training and practice are discussed, and recommendations are made for future r...
Graphene-Based Ambipolar RF Mixers

The combination of the unique properties of graphene with new device concepts and nanotechnology can overcome some of the main limitations of traditional electronics in terms of maximum frequency, linearity, and power dissipation. In this letter, we demonstrate the use of the ambipolar-transport properties of graphene for the fabrication of a new kind of RF mixer device. Due to the symmetrical ambipolar conduction in graphene, graphene-based mixers can effectively suppress odd-order intermodulations and lead to lower spurious emissions in the circuit. The mixer operation was demonstrated at a frequency of 10 MHz using graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition on a Ni film and then transferred to an insulating substrate. The maximum operating frequency was limited by the device geometry and the measurement setup, and a high-quality factor was observed with a third-order intercept point of +13.8 dBm.
Automatic computation of Z- & inverse Z-transformations by Maple

Abstract Programs are presented for automatic generation of z-transformations and inverse z-transformations, by using the algebraic manipulation software Maple. Examples are given.
Synthetic amino acids and the nature of L-DOPA transport at the blood-brain barrier.

—The blood-brain barrier transport of amino acids has been measured using the carotid injection technique in the rat. The synthetic amino acids, 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) and α-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), were model substrates in the Ehrlich cell for the leucine (L) and alanine (A) neutral amino acid transport mechanisms, respectively. The uptake (±)b-[carboxyl-14C]BCH at the same rate for the five brain regions tested suggested a similarity between regions for the L transport mechanism. At injectant concentrations of 0·1 mm (similar to naturally occurring aromatic neutral amino acids), BCH was mainly taken up by a saturable mediated transport mechanism (K1, 0·16 mm and Vmax, 0·03/μmol/g per min). At higher concentrations, uptake by a nonsaturable or diffusional mechanism could be demonstrated. When BCH was added as a second amino acid to l-[3-14C]DOPA, the saturable component of l-DOPA transport was significantly inhibited. MeAIB had no measurable effect on the rate of l-DOPA transport. These results suggested that the mediated transport mechanism for l-DOPA at the cerebral capillaries is similar to the l-neutral amino acid transport system.
Using OMG's SysML to support simulation

Currently, system engineering problems are solved using a wide range of domain-specific models and corresponding languages. It is unlikely that a single unified modeling language will be able to model in sufficient detail the large number of system aspects addressed by these domain-specific languages. Instead, a model integration framework is needed for managing the various modeling languages used to solve systems engineering problems. The Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysMLTM) can provide an answer to this need for model integration. Using SysML, a modeler can abstract a domain-specific language to a level that permits its interaction with other system models. In addition, graph transformation approach can be use to accomplishing automated, bidirectional transformation between SysML and the domain specific language. In this paper, a generic approach for defining such graph transformations is presented.
PFO and paradoxical embolism producing events other than stroke.

Background: A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a risk factor for cerebral events such as cryptogenic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, and migraine headaches. Far less commonly, PFO is associated with non-cerebral, paradoxical systemic embolic events such as myocardial infarction (MI), renal infarct, and limb ischemia. This report details the incidence of systemic paradoxical emboli at our institution. Methods: 416 patients were referred for evaluation of PFO related conditions from 2001 to 2009. Clinical history and medical records of the patients were reviewed for incidence of cryptogenic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), migraine headache, arterial desaturation, and noncerebral systemic embolism. Results: As the primary presenting symptom, 219 patients had a diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke, 38 patients had migraine headaches, and 80 patients had transient neurologic deficits consistent with a TIA or complex headache. Twelve patients (2.9% of the total population) presented with a presumptive diagnosis of systemic embolism. Eight of these patients had acute MI diagnosed by elevated cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram changes, and/or imaging evidence of a left ventricular wall motion abnormality, without evidence of obstructive coronary disease on angiography. Four patients had evidence of peripheral embolism to a systemic artery, including the popliteal artery, ophthalmic artery, and brachial artery. PFO closure was performed in 197 patients (47.4% of the total population), including eight patients in the systemic embolism group. All closure procedures were successful. Conclusion: Although most paradoxical emboli travel to the brain, noncerebral paradoxical embolism is also associated with PFO. In addition to embolism of thrombus, there may be paradoxical passage of vasoactive chemicals that induce intense coronary spasm and myocardial infarction. Diagnosis is often challenging, given the lack of definitive criteria and the need to exclude other potential etiologies. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Split-System: The New Frontier of Cloud Computing

Split-protocol computing paradigm uses web services on geographically distributed Web servers. A network of large Split-servers that form the cloud to handles computing and storage task that would otherwise create a heavy CPU utilization for the traditional individual server. The split-protocol concept was devised for load balancing and faster data transmission. Connection and data communication phases are clearly divided between servers without involving the client or the central controlling mechanism, like a dispatcher or a load balancer. In an earlier paper, we demonstrated that the application Split-protocol produces higher performance compared to traditional clusters. Based on the need, different types of split configurations are implemented for throughput, response time, and connection time. The observed throughput improvement was within the range 6.5% - 25% over non-split systems. This paper first time examines the empirical results of Split-system to understand its analytical behavior and compares with traditional non-split systems. Also, this paper prepares the groundwork for the scientific understanding of Split-systems. The split-system technique with given sets of constraints can produce better throughput than conventional equivalent server systems. The performance improvement resulted because of the Split-system operates as a fine-grained pipeline of the parallel system.
Mortality and results after cardiac surgery in patients with end-stage renal disease.

To assess risk and intermediate results, 36 consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who underwent 36 cardiac operations at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation from 1980 to 1986 were studied. Such surgery can be done with acceptable risk and yields satisfactory symptomatic relief. Survival at five years after operation equals that of the general ESRD population, but is lower than that of nonuremic patients after cardiac surgery. This is largely influenced by the high prevalence of noncardiac morbid conditions in the ESRD group.
Research Advancement of Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis Associated Lung Injury

Lung injury is commonly complicated along with the progress of acute pancreatitis and could be life threatening, which resulting in clinical concern about its pathogenesis and the relevant research. This paper targets on the research advancement of pathogenesis of lung injury associated with acute pancreatitis through literature review with regard to trypsogen, neutrophil, macrophage,cytokine and Kupffer cells, in an attempt to explore the potential approach of prevention and treatment for lung injury associated with acute pancreatitis from a pathogenetic standpoint.
First Example of a Gold Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane Cationic Dimer with a Bridging Iodide. X-Ray Crystal Structures of (μ-I)(Au(dppm))2(I) and (Au(dppm)Br)2.

The title complexes (II) and (III) are prepared by halogenation of the dimeric Au(I) diphosphinomethanide (I) with MeI or bromoacetophenone according to the scheme.
Residues in broiler chick tissues from low level feedings of seven chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides.

Two chlorinated insecticide feeding studies from 1967-1968, using broiler chicks, have been completed. In Study I, lindane, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, and DDT were fed in combination at 3 levels: 0.05, 0.15, and 0.45 ppm. Data show that, in fat tissues, heptachlor epoxide attained a level approximately 20 times the respective levels in the feed; dieldrin 15 times; endrin 10 times; p,p'-DDT 9 times; lindane 3 times; and o.p'-DDT less than the feeding levels. Of the DDT metabolites, p.p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD, only p,p'-DDE was significant at 3 times the 0.45 ppm feeding level. Endrin ketone, a metabolite of endrin, reached plateau levels approximately equal to feeding levels. All residue levels in liver tissues were less than 0.02 ppm. In Study II, technical chlordane was fed singly at the 0.05, 0.15, and 0.45 ppm levels. Results are tabulated for both total chlordane and for 6 identifiable isomers. Total chlordane in fat tissues attained plateau levels 3-5 times the respective feeding levels. Total chlordane levels in liver and breast tissues were all less than 0.01 ppm.
Ruin and Utopia

The author examines Utopia in the light of antiquarian exchanges between More and Jerome Busleyden. More visited Busleyden at his home in Mechlin during the weeks when enforced leisure allowed him ...
Multi-perspective collaborative design in persistent networked virtual environments

We present an approach to applying virtual reality in architectural design and collaborative visualization which emphasizes the use of multiple perspectives. These perspectives, including multiple mental models as well as multiple visual viewpoints, allow virtual reality to be applied in the earlier, more creative, phases of the design process, rather than just as a walkthrough of the final design. CALVIN, a prototype interface which implements these ideas, has been created using the CAVE virtual reality theatre.
Increasing the Capabilities of Computer Process Modeling with Applied Programming Interface

Computer-based process modeling has long been used for simulating the casting of metals. The information from these simulations has allowed metalcasters to reduce the occurrence of some defects that result from the metal’s volumetric contraction or entrainment of gasses while filling of the mold cavity. The majority of the analysis of the casting process has been limited to the metallic casting itself rather than the mold that contains the metal. High-temperature characterization of molding materials has yielded an increased understanding of the condition of the mold and core during solidification. Properties such as thermal expansion, high-temperature reactions, and changes in surface viscosity and decomposition gasses have yielded an increased understanding of the casting process. By using actual high-temperature mechanical property data generated at the foundry, the accuracy of the solidification modeling is improved and the range of capabilities is increased. The use of applied programming interface code can extend the software’s capabilities and yield additional information on the condition of the mold before, during and after solidification. Although once limited in release, new versions of the process modeling software will include the capability to both optimize process variables and develop material-specific datasets that increase both the accuracy and extend the capabilities of the analysis. Using applied programming interface code, the range of capabilities of the process modeling software can be extended to include information on veining defects, final casting dimensions and decomposition gas generation that can result in porosity defects or changes to the thermal properties of the mold.
Global Perturbation Methods for Detecting Chaotic Dynamics

In Chapter 3 we saw that orbits homoclinic or heteroclinic to hyperbolic fixed points, hyperbolic periodic orbits, or normally hyperbolic invariant tori could often be mechanisms for producing deterministic chaos. In this chapter we will develop a variety of perturbation techniques which will allow us to detect such homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits.
Differing Developmental Trajectories in Heart Rate Responses to Speech Stimuli in Infants at High and Low Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

We investigated heart rate (HR) in infants at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age, at high (HRA) and low (LRC) familial risk for ASD, to identify potential endophenotypes of ASD risk related to attentional responses. HR was extracted from functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings while infants listened to speech stimuli. Longitudinal analysis revealed that HRA infants and males generally had lower baseline HR than LRC infants and females. HRA infants showed decreased HR responses to early trials over development, while LRC infants showed increased responses. These findings suggest altered developmental trajectories in physiological responses to speech stimuli over the first year of life, with HRA infants showing less social orienting over time.
Rail-transit-induced gentrification and the affordability paradox of TOD

Abstract Numerous studies have shown that rail transit has a positive effect on raising property values and tax revenues. Such an effect is widely viewed as an economic benefit for property owners and is key to justifying the high cost of building rail transit infrastructure. In recent years, however, concerns have been raised about rail transit acting as a gentrification trigger and causing the affordability paradox. In this study, I evaluate whether rail transit in suburban Portland caused neighborhood gentrification and reduced home affordability through a longitudinal quasi-experimental design. I use the propensity score matching method to identify control neighborhoods for rail-transit-served neighborhoods. I then make pretest-posttest comparisons between rail-transit-served neighborhoods and their control neighborhoods at multiple observation points. In general, I did not find consistent evidence for rail-transit-induced gentrification in suburban Portland. I did not find evidence that rail transit reduced home affordability for tenants and home owners in rail transit-served neighborhoods either. I observed more changes in the neighborhoods served by the Eastside line (the oldest rail transit line in Portland) than their control neighborhoods in the past three decades: socially, they attracted older and less-educated population; physically, they experienced densification and faster increases of the share of rental units in their housing stock. Rail transit was more likely to be installed along low-income neighborhoods in suburban Portland, confirming the necessity of constructing appropriate control neighborhoods while evaluating the neighborhood and social effects of rail transit.
Enduring dispositions: Examining punitive logics in the context of disciplinary reform

Reflecting the punitive turn in criminal justice, schools have adopted a crime control orientation when responding to student misconduct. Termed the ‘criminalization of school discipline’, this trend has diminished student and school outcomes while also establishing a school-to-prison pipeline. Consequently, there has been mounting pressure to reform punitive and disproportionate practices. While research has evaluated the impact of remedial programs, little work explores how punitive logics continue to structure disciplinary responses. Drawing from ethnographic and interview data, this study examines the entrenchment of punitive dispositions in the context of appeals for alternative practices. By tracing the contours of punitive norms within a non-criminal justice context, this study captures the mechanisms through which penal logics infuse into society and extend beyond criminal justice systems.
Differences in dermatology training abroad: A comparative analysis of dermatology training in the United States and in India.

Abstract Dermatology residency training is not standardized internationally, and each country dictates how training is conducted within its own borders. This article highlights the types of variability in training that can occur from country to country by comparing dermatology residency training programs in the United States and India. This article specifically analyzes the differences that pertain to application and selection, residency program structure, and post-residency opportunities.
DOT1L suppresses nuclear RNAi originating from enhancer elements in Caenorhabditis elegans

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) by DOT1L is associated with actively transcribed genes. We have previously demonstrated that DOT-1.1, the Caenorhabditis elegans DOT1L homologue, cooperates with the chromatin-binding protein ZFP-1 (homologue of the mammalian AF10) to negatively modulate transcription of highly and widely expressed target genes. Also, zfp-1 deficiency has been associated with reduced RNA interference (RNAi) response. In addition, in MLL-rearranged leukemia, H3K79 methylation at homeobox genes was shown to antagonize repressive chromatin marks. Here, we connect these various manifestations of DOT1L function. We demonstrate that DOT1L suppresses transcription at enhancers, thereby preventing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation and ectopic histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation. Moreover, we show that lethality of dot-1.1 mutant worms is suppressed by mutations in the RNAi pathway, suggesting ectopic activation of endogenous RNAi in the absence of DOT1L. Since DOT1L is conserved and similarly prevents H3K9 methylation in C. elegans and mammals, our observations point to a possible link between nuclear RNAi and H3K9 methylation in higher organisms.
‘Why Won’t Moodle…?’: Using Genre Studies to Understand Students’ Approaches to Interacting with User-Interfaces

Abstract This article reports results from a six-semester exploratory study that used genre theory, specifically the ideas that genres have particular formal characteristics tied to their uses in particular situations, to investigate how students understand and use my university’s CMS. The study sought to answer questions about why students struggle to navigate and utilize the CMS, and to investigate how students’ experiences with and knowledge of other digital interfaces shaped their interactions with the CMS interface. The guiding assumption was that people learn unfamiliar genres by determining how they are like and unlike genres they know and by observing how the unfamiliar genre is used in context (Bawarshi, 2003; Devitt, 2004; Miller, 1984). Students in FYC were surveyed about the interfaces they use regularly and the devices they use to access the interfaces. What emerged is that students do develop expectations for how a CMS interface should function, based on their experience with and use of both the CMS other interfaces. Because our CMS interface blurs borders between various types of interfaces and because faculty use the interface in varying ways, students struggle to determine the purpose/function of the CMS and how to use it appropriately. Based on these results, this article argues that instructors need to (1) account for students previous experiences when designing a course CMS and (2) present the CMS interface to students as a genre and provide opportunities and motivation for students to engage with and learn about the CMS as a genre.
Anaesthesia for Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)

An aortic aneurysm is a localized dilatation greater than 50% of the original diameter. The normal size of the aorta is 2 cm; thus, an aneurysmal enlargement of three or more centimeters is an abnormal finding. Aneurysms occur in both the abdominal and thoracic cavities and are defined by their location. Approximately 80% of aortic aneurysms occur between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation (Aggarwal et al., Exp Clin Cardiol. 16:11–5, 2011). While they can be repaired by open surgical approach, minimally invasive endovascular approach has become the preferred surgical option in patients with suitable aortic anatomy. In the United States in 2010, approximately 78% of non-ruptured aneurysms were repaired by EVAR (Dua et al., J Vasc Surg. 59:1512–7, 2014). The rapid adaptation of vascular surgeons to endovascular techniques, as well as the advent of branched-fenestrated grafts, has notably increased the number of patients who undergo non-open aortic aneurysm repair. This chapter specifically focuses on the pre-operative evaluation, anesthetic management, and post-operative care of patients undergoing abdominal and thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
Practical Aspects of Forecasting Severe Convection in the United States: Environmental Conditions and Initiation

The first stage of forecasting convective weather involves forecasting the evolution of conditions that are favorable for the development of storms and their probable initiation. The scale of the forecasts are typically on the order of 100 km or larger and the lead time between the forecast and storms is 1-48 hours. In the United States, procedures have evolved so that the Storm Prediction Center of the National Weather Service has the responsibility for issuing these forecasts for the contiguous 48 states (the part of the US excluding Alaska and Hawaii.)
What Is a Functional Respiratory Disorder

Functional respiratory disorders can be characterized as occurring in patients with persisting respiratory symptoms lacking an identifiable organic or physiologic basis, or symptoms in excess of what would be expected from just their physiologic cause. Such functional disorders typically have emotional or psychological associations. Common respiratory conditions that are thought to be functional include dyspnea/hyperventilation, habit cough, paroxysmal sneezing, throat clearing, and vocal cord dysfunction. These occur predominantly in children, ­adolescents, and young adults. Additionally, a functional component should be entertained as complicating existing diagnosed physical conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis, which are diseases that affect patients of all ages. Treatment of functional respiratory disorders can include providing reassurance, biofeedback, breathing relaxation techniques, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis, or speech therapy. Pharmacologic therapy for functional respiratory disorders occasionally may be helpful. Patients with functional respiratory disorders benefit from prompt identification and therapy, as this prevents perpetuation of the associated symptoms, development of further complicating sequelae, unnecessary medical investigations, and prescription of ineffective medical therapy that might have harmful side effects.
A New Paradigm for FPGA Placement Without Explicit Packing

Placement and packing are two important but separated optimization steps in a conventional field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation flow. A packing engine clusters logic elements, like lookup tables and flip-flops, into configurable logic blocks, while a placement engine determines their physical locations in FPGA layouts. This paper presents a new paradigm for FPGA placement without an explicit packing stage. In the proposed framework, the solution spaces of placement and packing are simultaneously explored in a smooth and elegant way. Our experiments on ISPD 2016 and 2017 benchmark suites demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
The Manichean Ploy: Psychoanalysis, Political Repression, and The Crucible

A reevaluative look at Arthur Miller's classic play The Crucible in light of relatively recent psychoanalytic stabs at interpreting it.
Being on the Safe Side: A Qualitative Study of Condom Use Motivations According to Contraceptive Type among Adolescents in Atlanta, Georgia.

Abstract Study Objective Quantitative data suggest that adolescent users of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), compared with short-acting methods (pill, patch, ring, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA]), might be less likely to use condoms. We qualitatively describe and explain adolescent contraceptive users’ motivations for condom use, including variation according to contraceptive type. Design Individual, in-depth qualitative interviews, analyzed thematically. Setting Participants were recruited from public family planning clinics and an adolescent medicine clinic, as well as university and other community settings in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants Sexually active contraceptive users aged 17-19 years old (n = 30), including LARC (n = 10), DMPA (n = 10), and oral contraceptive (n = 10) users. Results Of the 30 participants, most (n = 25; 83%) used condoms with their more effective contraceptive method, although 11 of 25 used them inconsistently (44%). Oral contraceptive users were particularly motivated to use condoms for pregnancy prevention, because of concerns about contraceptive method efficacy and a desire to be on “the safe side.” In contrast, LARC users were primarily motivated by sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention. DMPA users’ motivations were more mixed. Across contraceptive type, factors influencing condom use motivations included sexual health education, personal awareness and/or experience, and perceived consequences and risk. Conclusion Because all participants were using an effective contraceptive method, it is notable that pregnancy prevention was a prominent motivator for using condoms, although LARC users reported STI prevention to be a more important motivation. Parental and school-based sexual health education that clearly addresses STI prevention in addition to pregnancy prevention has the potential to influence condom use motivations and behavior.