cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted Loss of Proteoglycans Results in Changes of Frequency-Dependent Viscoelastic Behavior of the Intact Articular Cartilage

Cartilage is a multi-phasic, viscoelastic material that derives its mechanical behavior of its primary constituents including collagen, proteoglycans, and water. The complex mechanical function of cartilage depends critically on the composition and balance of these constituents. We sought to determine the effects of proteoglycan loss on both the time- and frequency-dependent mechanical behavior of articular cartilage. Using cathepsin d, an enzyme that specifically cleaves proteoglycans, we assessed the in situ mechanical behavior of intact bovine articular cartilage before and after enzymatic digestion using microindentation over loading frequencies ranging between 0.5 hz to 20 hz. The loss of proteoglycans does not affect the elastic components of mechanical behavior (indentation modulus; p = 0.67), but have significant consequences on the viscoelastic components (tan δ; p<0.001). Moreover, the changes in the viscoelastic mechanical behavior are more pronounced at higher loading frequencies (p<0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that proteoglycans are critical for providing dynamic stability for the cartilage tissue.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Self-recognition in autistic children

The hypothesis that the autistic child's impairment in social relatedness stems in part from underlying deficits in self-recognition was explored. Fifteen autistic children ranging from 4 to 6 years of age were assessed for visual self-recognition ability, as well as for skills in two cognitive areas that are believed to be related to the development of self-recognition — object permanence and gestural imitation. It was found that 13 of 15 autistic children showed evidence of self-recognition. The two autistic children who lacked self-recognition were the only two children to perform poorly on the object permanence tasks, which suggests that these two cognitive domains may be closely linked in development. In contrast, there appeared to be no consistent relationship between motor imitation ability and self-recognition. It was concluded that the autistic child's social deficits are not due to a basic lack of differentiation between self and other.
The amorphous SbSe system

Abstract Essentially the complete compositional range of the amorphous SbSe system has been prepared in thin-film form by a simple evaporation technique. Optical and transport properties have been measured as a function of composition.
Use of a novel peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist, Ly-163443, in splanchnic artery occlusion shock

We studied the effects of LY-163443, a novel selective receptor antagonist of LTD4 and LTE4, in splanchic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. LY-163443 antagonized the bronchoconstrictor effect of LTD4 given intravenously to anesthetized rats. Anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the superior mesenteric and the celiac arteries for 40 minutes developed a severe shock state usually resulting in a fatal outcome within two hours after release of the occlusion. SAO shock rats pre-treated with LY-163443 before the occlusion of the splanchnic arteries maintained post-release MABP at significantly higher values compared to rats reveiving either the vehicle or LY-163443 as a post-treatment 15 min after occlusion (final MABP 96 ± 8 vs 51 ± 1, p < 0.01 and 53 ± 3, p < 0.01, respectively). Pre-treatment with LY-163443 attenuated the release of the lysosomal hydrolase, cathepsin D (p < 0.01 from vehicle and p < 0.05 from post-treatment groups), and the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (p < 0.05 from vehicle). Furthermore, the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) was significantly lower in the pre-treatment group than in the vehicle group (27 ± 3 vs 51 ± 6 U/ml, p < 0.01). SAO shock rats pretreated with LY-163443 also exhibited significantly higher survival rates (p < 0.01 from vehicle and post-treatment groups), and prolonged survival times (p < 0.01 from vehicle and post-treatment groups). The beneficial effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonist LY-163443 support the concept that peptide leukotrienes act as mediators of the pathogenesis of SAO shock.
A method for satellite identification of surface temperature fields of subpixel resolution

Abstract It is possible to measure surface radiant temperature fields of subpixel spatial resolution from satellites which contain more than one channel in the thermal infrared spectral region. Because of the different response of the Planck function at different wavelengths, the radiant temperatures measured in two channels may be expressed in terms of contributions from two temperature fields, each occupying a portion of the pixel, where the portions are not necessarily contiguous. The resulting simultaneous nonlinear equations may be solved for the complimentary portions of the pixel occupied and one unknown temperature. In two adjacent pixels which can be assumed to have the same target temperatures and same background temperatures, both unknown temperatures may be found.
Cardiac Resynchronization by Cardiosphere-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation in an Experimental Model of Myocardial Infarction

Background Cardiosphere-derived stem cell (CDC) transplantation can improve global left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CDC transplantation on regional function and dyssynchrony after MI. Methods Two million rat CDCs ( n = 7) or phosphate-buffered saline ( n = 7) was injected into the infarct regions of Wistar Kyoto rats. Infarct size and CDC localization were evaluated by positron emission tomography ( n = 7). Two-dimensional and strain echocardiography were performed at 1 and 4 weeks after MI. LVEF, circumferential strain, and time to peak circumferential strain were measured in the basal and apical short-axis views. Dyssynchrony was defined as the maximal difference of time to peak circumferential strain of opposing segments in each short-axis view. Engraftment was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Positron emission tomography revealed that infarct size was 15.4 ± 3.6% of the left ventricle and that CDCs were localized to the infarct and border zone. CDC transplantation improved mean LVEF (45 ± 8% to 52 ± 7%, P = .02), mean circumferential strain (−7 ± 2% to −10 ± 1%, P = .02), and mean dyssynchrony (45 ± 10 to 28 ± 11 m sec, P = .04) of the infarct/peri-infarct zone from 1 to 4 weeks after MI, despite CDC engraftment of only 2.4 ± 3%. In contrast, mean LVEF (48 ± 5% to 40 ± 4%, P = .03) and mean circumferential strain (−8 ± 2% to −7 ± 1%, P = .02) of the infarcted region deteriorated, with no significant change in dyssynchrony (42 ± 12 vs 46 ± 13 m sec, P = .60) in the saline group during the same time period. Change in LVEF was correlated with change in circumferential strain ( r = −0.8, P = .002) and dyssynchrony ( r = 0.6, P = .02) of the infarct/peri-infarct region at 4 weeks after MI. Conclusions CDC therapy enhanced LVEF by improving circumferential strain and decreasing dyssynchrony of the infarct/peri-infarct region at 4 weeks, but not 1 week, after MI. Cellular resynchronization therapy using CDCs may be an alternative to traditional electrical cellular resynchronization therapy in post-MI dyssynchrony.
An experimental study of a vortex/mixing-layer interaction

The first phase of a subsonic experimental investigation of the structure of a longitudinal vortex and the effect of the vortex on a two-stream turbulent mixing layer has been completed. A stable and well-defined longitudinal vortex was generated by mounting a half-delta-wing vortex generator in the wind-tunnel settling chamber. A detailed flow-visualization study, using the smoke-laser technique, was conducted, and X-wire probes were used to measure the mean-flow and turbulence quantities. At the upstream locations, the vortex was found to develop some normal stresses within the core region. The vortex also induced strong secondary motions and small increases in the normal stresses within the mixing layer. The normal stresses then combined with the appropriate mean-velocity gradients to generate shear stresses farther downstream. The results indicate that more sophisticated turbulence models will have to be developed if such complex interactions are to be computed accurately.
Arsenic exposure and bladder cancer: quantitative assessment of studies in human populations to detect risks at low doses.

While exposures to high levels of arsenic in drinking water are associated with excess cancer risk (e.g., skin, bladder, and lung), exposures at lower levels (e.g., 10 µg/L for more than one-third of a lifetime. By contrast, for all study subjects, relative risks predicted for one-half of lifetime exposure to 50 µg/L were just above the upper 95% CI on the SRRE. Thus, results from low-exposure studies, particularly for never smokers, were statistically inconsistent with predicted risk based on high-dose extrapolation. Additional studies that better characterize tobacco use and stratify analyses of arsenic and bladder cancer by smoking status are necessary to further examine risks of arsenic exposure for smokers.
How Do You Feel About…? Health Outcomes in Late Life and Self-Perceptions of Health and Well-Being

Research has shown over the years that the self-perceptions of older adults about their health and well-being may be at least as important as objective data for predicting the course of their health over time. I review a series of studies that span 30 years in which I and my colleagues have asked older adults in the community about their self-rated health and well-being across a spectrum of parameters, including self-rated health, social support, and mood (both negative and positive), and about whether their basic needs are being met. The social environment shapes perceptions of health and well-being, as does the body. Feelings, such as feelings about health and well-being, are therefore a key (but not the only) psychological-behavioral bridge between the body (genome and physiology) and society (environmental stressors and social context). Following a review of these studies, I attempt to place these perceptions of health and well-being in a social context, a context critical to understanding the consistency and strength of these studies (and others performed over many years) documenting the association between answers to the question "How do you feel about...?" and health outcomes over time.
Solvent-free sonochemical preparation of ionic liquids.

An ultrasound-assisted preparation of a series of ambient-temperature ionic liquids, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (AMIM) halides, which proceeds via efficient reaction of 1-methyl imidazole with alkyl halides/terminal dihalides under solvent-free conditions, is described.
Effects of Long Term Exposure to Tone Pulse Noise on Human Sleep

Electrophysiological and self-report data were obtained from 10 and 20 Ss, respectively, during 15 days of baseline, 30 days of 24-hr per day exposure to a 660 msec, 3.5K Hz tone pulse with a 22 sec interstimulus interval (10 days each at 80, 85, and 90 dB), and during a 10-day post-exposure period. A self-reported increase in difficulty falling asleep was not substantiated by objective sleep latency measures. Changes in total hours of sleep, number of awakenings, and percent time for sleep stages were of small magnitude and not consistently related to stimulus intensity. All 10 monitored Ss gave clear EEG and autonomic responses to the stimulus, with no evidence of response extinction over the 30-day exposure period. There was no change in average all-night heart rate. Total number of body movements during the night did not change. However, the movements that did occur, tended to be triggered by the stimulus, with most movements closely following the tone pulse. The youth and good health of the Ss, and the 24-hr per day exposure, favoring rapid adaptation to the stimulus, are suggested to account for the lack of disruption of sleep.
Variations in Psychological Profile Among Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain

This study was designed to determine whether distinct subgroups of children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) could be identified based on patterns of psychological functioning. Two hundred and eighty-three children (ages 8-17 years), and a primary caretaker, completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) during the initial evaluation of RAP at a pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Cluster analysis of BASC scores supported a 3-cluster solution, with fair agreement observed between parents and children on cluster assignment. Approximately half of the sample identified no significant psychological problems. A small percentage (13%) evidenced intense and broad-based psychological problems, while the remainder (35-45%) indicated relative elevations in anxiety only. Cluster membership did not vary systematically by age, gender, race, or functional gastrointestinal disorder diagnosis. Distinct psychological profiles appear to exist for children with RAP. Targeting treatments to these profiles may improve the effectiveness and efficiency with which health professionals address pediatric abdominal pain.
Craniosynostosis and congenital heart anomalies associated with a maternal deletion of 15q15-22.1.

We report an infant with multiple congenital anomalies, including craniosynostosis, tetralogy of Fallot variant, and limb anomalies associated with a maternal deletion of 15q15-22.1. Only two other patients have been reported with a similar deletion, but the deletion was paternal in both cases. We review our patient's findings and compare them to previously reported individuals with similar 15q abnormalities. Our patient allows an expansion of phenotype associated with mid-15q deletions to include severe craniosynostosis, congenital heart disease, and limb anomalies. This will assist in prenatal counseling and predicting postnatal outcome for other affected individuals. The specific breakpoints in our patient and the other patients with similar deletions may also assist in determining a critical region for suture formation.
A Molecular Imaging System Based on Both Transcriptional and Genomic Amplification to Detect Prostate Cancer Cells In Vivo

An imaging modality that can accurately discern prostate cancer (PCa) foci would be useful to detect PCa early or guide treatment. We have engineered numerous adenoviral vectors (Ads) to carry out reporter gene-based imaging using specific promoters to express a potent transcriptional activator, which in turn activates the reporter gene in PCa. This two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) method can boost promoters' activity, while maintaining cell specificity. Here, we examined a dual TSTA (DTSTA) approach, which utilizes TSTA not only to express the imaging reporter, but also to direct viral genome replication of a conditionally replicating Ad (CRAd) to further augment the expression levels of the reporter gene by genomic amplification supported in trans by coadministered CRAd. In vitro studies showed up to 50-fold increase of the reporter genome by DTSTA. Compared with TSTA reporter alone, DTSTA application exhibited a 25-fold increase in imaging signal in PCa xenografts. DTSTA approach is also beneficial for a combination of two TSTA Ads with distinct promoters, although amplification is observed only when TSTA-CRAd can replicate. Consequently, the DTSTA approach is a hybrid method of transcriptional and genomic augmentation that can provide higher level reporter gene expression potentially with a lower dose of viral administration.
Information Theoretic Weighting for Robust Star Centroiding

A statistical methodology for the global and local analysis of star tracker image content is presented that is based on the A-Contrario framework. A level set analysis using this methodology effectively weights signals with a confidence interval based on the information content. Globally this analysis can represent the non-planar noise floor associated with the sky background. Locally, this analysis can automatically define the annulus that represents the partial pixels associated with the boundary between signal and noise. The performance of centroiding with information theoretic weighting is evaluated compared to traditional thresholding methods for simulated and real star tracker images.
Effect of Oral Treatment with Hexadecyloxypropyl-[(S)-9-(3-Hydroxy-2- Phosphonylmethoxypropyl)Adenine] [(S)-HPMPA] or Octadecyloxyethyl-(S)-HPMPA on Cowpox or Vaccinia Virus Infections in Mice

We have previously reported that (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine, or (S)-HPMPA, is active in vitro against cowpox virus (CV) and vaccinia virus (VV) but is not active orally in animals. However, the ether lipid esters of (S)-HPMPA, hexadecyloxypropyl-[(S)-HPMPA] [HDP-(S)-HPMPA] and octadecyloxyethyl-[(S)-HPMPA] [ODE-(S)-HPMPA], had significantly enhanced activity in vitro and are orally bioavailable in mice. In the current study, HDP-(S)-HPMPA and ODE-(S)-HPMPA were prepared in water and administered once daily by oral gavage to mice at doses of 30, 10, and 3 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days beginning 24, 48, or 72 h after inoculation with CV or VV. Oral HDP-(S)-HPMPA and ODE-(S)-HPMPA were both highly effective (P < 0.001) at preventing mortality due to CV at 30 mg/kg, even when treatments were delayed until up to 72 h postinfection. ODE-(S)-HPMPA or HDP-(S)-HPMPA were also highly effective (P < 0.001) at preventing mortality in mice infected with VV at 30 mg/kg when treatments were delayed until to 48 or 72 h postinfection, respectively. Protection against both viruses was associated with a significant reduction of virus replication in the liver, spleen, and kidney but not in the lung. These data indicate that HDP-(S)-HPMPA and ODE-(S)-HPMPA are active when given orally against lethal CV and VV infections in mice, and further evaluation is warranted to provide additional information on the potential of these orally active compounds for treatment of human orthopoxvirus infection.
Metabolic changes associated with transplantable ACTH-producing pituitary tumors of the mouse.

Following the implantation of adrenocorticotrophin-producing tumors into LAF1 mice, a reproducible syndrome was observed which was characterized by adrenal cortical hypertrophy, thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, ovarian atrophy, cessation of estrus cycles, obesity, polydipsia, and polyuria. These changes appeared after intervals of a few weeks or several months, depending on the secretory activity of the tumor. Metabolic balance studies indicated an increased excretion of nitrogen and potassium. In place of an intolerance to glucose in the tumor-bearing mice, there was an apparently increased tolerance, presumably due to the presence of the large tumor mass. Observations on intact, castrated, and hypophysectomized mice bearing ACTH tumors suggested that the C21 steroids of LAF1 mice possess moderate glucocorticoid as well as discernible mineralocorticoid activity; the C19 steroids apparently are either very weak or inactive androgens, but may be capable of directly affecting the anterior pituitary and the vagina.
Electrostatics of the Protein-Water Interface

Electrostatic fluctuations within proteins are critical to their biological activity as carriers in electron transport chains typically requiring a significant number of single-electron hops. This mechanistic requirement poses the question of how a sufficient energetic efficiency is achieved. We present the results of numerical simulations of the statistics of electrostatic fluctuations at the protein/water interface. The statistics of the electrostatic potential fluctuations inside the protein is strongly non-Gaussian at high temperatures, but becomes consistent with the linear/Gaussian response below the temperature of the dynamical transition in proteins. At high temperatures the large, non-Gaussian electrostatic noise allows higher efficiency of electron transport chains which can be magnified by an order of magnitude compared to the predictions of Gaussian models. The appearance of non-Gaussian statistics is traced back to a significant polarization of the protein-water interface which slows its relaxation at lower temperatures and becomes kinetically frozen below the temperature of dynamical transition.
A stochastic programming model for scheduling call centers with global Service Level Agreements

We consider the issue of call center scheduling in an environment where arrivals rates are highly variable, aggregate volumes are uncertain, and the call center is subject to a global service level constraint. This paper is motivated by work with a provider of outsourced technical support services where call volumes exhibit significant variability and uncertainty. The outsourcing contract specifies a Service Level Agreement that must be satisfied over an extended period of a week or month. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer stochastic program. Our model has two distinctive features. Firstly, we combine the server sizing and staff scheduling steps into a single optimization program. Secondly, we explicitly recognize the uncertainty in period-by-period arrival rates. We show that the stochastic formulation, in general, calculates a higher cost optimal schedule than a model which ignores variability, but that the expected cost of this schedule is lower. We conduct extensive experimentation to compare the solutions of the stochastic program with the deterministic programs, based on mean valued arrivals. We find that, in general, the stochastic model provides a significant reduction in the expected cost of operation. The stochastic model also allows the manager to make informed risk management decisions by evaluating the probability that the Service Level Agreement will be achieved.
A Role for the Granzyme B Inhibitor Serine Protease Inhibitor 6 in CD8+ Memory Cell Homeostasis

Generation and maintenance of protective immunological memory is the goal of vaccination programs. It has recently become clear that CD8+ memory T cells are derived directly from CTLs. The mechanisms underlying this transformation and the subsequent survival of memory cells are not completely understood. However, some effector molecules required by CTLs to eliminate infected cells have also been shown to control the number of Ag-specific cells. We report that memory cells express high levels of serine protease inhibitor (Spi) 6, an inhibitor of the effector molecule granzyme B, and that Spi6 can protect T cells from granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. In mouse models, both elevated expression of Spi6 and the complete absence of granzyme B in CD8+ T cells led to an increase in memory cells after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. This was not the result of increased levels of antilymphocytic choriomeningitis virus CD8+ T cells during the expansion or contraction phases, but rather transgenic Spi6 directly influenced the survival of CD8+ memory T cells. We propose that expression of protective molecules, like Spi6, serves to shield metabolically active CD8+ memory T cells from their own effector molecules.
Energy-Efficient Multihop Polling in Clusters of Two-Layered Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

In this paper, we study two-layered heterogeneous sensor networks where two types of nodes are deployed: the basic sensor nodes and the cluster head nodes. The basic sensor nodes are simple and have limited power supplies, whereas the cluster head nodes are much more powerful and have many more power supplies, which organize sensors around them into clusters. Such two-layered heterogeneous sensor networks have better scalability and lower overall cost than homogeneous sensor networks. We propose using polling to collect data from sensors to the cluster head since polling can prolong network life by avoiding collisions and reducing the idle listening time of sensors. We focus on finding energy-efficient and collision-free polling schedules in a multihop cluster. To reduce energy consumption in idle listening, a schedule is optimal if it uses the minimum time. We show that the problem of finding an optimal schedule is NP-hard and then give a fast online algorithm to solve it approximately. We also consider dividing a cluster into sectors and using multiple nonoverlapping frequency channels to further reduce the idle listening time of sensors. We conducted simulations on the NS-2 simulator and the results show that our polling scheme can reduce the active time of sensors by a significant amount while sustaining 100 percent throughput.
Drugs and Criminality

Abstract The imprisonment rate for women has been increasing for over fifteen years, exceeding that of men for this time period. Research indicates that women sentenced to prison are not significantly more violent or dangerous than in years past, and that a large portion of newly admitted prisoners are incarcerated for drug crimes. This is especially true for women compared to men. This study examines 1999 self-report data from 1,198 newly admitted female prisoners in Texas to assess relationships between childhood and adult characteristics and drug use, as well as the relationship between drug use and type of crime. Findings reveal that women prisoners with drug problems have extensive histories of
Contest Success Functions: Theory and Evidence

Contest success functions, which show how probabilities of win- ning depend on resources devoted to a con‡ict, have been widely used in the literature addressing appropriative activities (economics), international and civil wars (political science), and group con‡ict and selection (evolutionary biology). Two well-known forms of contest success functions predict contest outcomes from the dierence between the resources of each side and from the ratio of resources. The analytical properties of a given con‡ict model, such as the existence of equilibrium, can be drastically changed simply by altering the form of the contest success function. Despite this problem, there is no consensus about which form is analytically better or empirically more plausi- ble. In this paper we propose an integrated form of contest success functions, which has the ratio form and the dierence form as limiting cases, and study the analytical properties of this function. We also estimate dierent contest success functions to see which form is more empirically probable, using data from battles fought in seventeenth-century Europe and during World War II.
Symmetry-curvature duality

Abstract Several studies have shown the importance of two very different descriptors for shape: symmetry structure and curvature extrema. The main theorem proved by this paper, i.e., the Symmetry-Curvature Duality Theorem , states that there is an important relationship between symmetry and curvature extrema: If we say that curvature extrema are of two opposite types, either maxima or minima, then the theorem states: Any segment of a smooth planar curve, bounded by two consecutive curvature extrema of the same type, has a unique symmetry axis, and the axis terminates at the curvature extremum of the opposite type. The theorem is initially proved using Brady's SLS as the symmetry analysis. However, the theorem is then generalized for any differential symmetry analysis. In order to prove the theorem, a number of results are established concerning the symmetry structure of Hoffman's and Richards' codons. All results are obtained first by observing that any codon is a string of two, three, or four spirals, and then by reducing the theory of codons to that of spirals. We show that the SLS of a codon is either (1) an SAT, which is a more restricted symmetry analysis that was introduced by Blum, or (2) an ESAT, which is a symmetry analysis that is introduced in the present paper and is dual to Blum's SAT.
Classification, Based on Autonomous Fluorescence, of the Blood Cells of Several Ascidians that Contain High Levels of Vanadium

Ascidians are known to have the unique ability to accumulate vanadium in their blood cells. Classification of the various types of blood is, however, the subject of some controversy. In the present study we found that the various types of blood cell can be classified on the basis of their autonomous fluorescence upon excitation with blue-violet light. This method was of particular practical value in the classification of the vacuolated cells that account for about 80% of the total population of cells and are distinguished by their ability to accumulate vanadium.
Geometric Reed-Solomon codes of length 64 and 65 over F/sub 8/

We determine the actual parameters for a class of one-point codes of length 64 and 65 over F/sub 8/ defined by Hansen and Stichtenoth (1990). Several codes have a minimum distance that exceeds the Feng-Rao bound. The codes with parameters [64,5,51], [64,10,42], [64,11,42], [64,12,40], [65,5,52], [65,10,43], [65,11,42], [65,12,41], and [65,13,40] are better than any known code.
A small group activity about bacterial regulation and complementation.

As teachers, we well understand the need for activities that help develop critical-thinking skills in microbiology. In our experience, one concept that students have difficulty understanding is transcriptional regulation of bacterial genes. To help with this, we developed and evaluated a paper-based activity to help students understand and apply the concepts of bacterial transcriptional regulation. While we don’t identify it as such, we use a complementation experiment to assess student understanding of how regulation changes when new DNA is introduced. In Part 1 of this activity, students complete an open-book, take-home assignment that asks them to define common terminology related to regulation, and draw the regulatory components of different scenarios involving positive and negative regulation. In Part 2, students work in small groups of 3–4 to depict the regulatory components for a different scenario. They are asked to explain the results of a complementation experiment based on this scenario. They then predict the results of a slightly different experiment. Students who completed the Regulation Activity did significantly better on post-test questions related to regulation, compared to pre-test questions.
Numerical solutions of nonlinear wave equations

Accurate, stable numerical solutions of the ~nonlinear! sine-Gordon equation are obtained with particular consideration of initial conditions that are exponentially close to the phase space homoclinic manifolds. Earlier local, grid-based numerical studies have encountered difficulties, including numerically induced chaos for such initial conditions. The present results are obtained using the recently reported distributed approximating functional method for calculating spatial derivatives to high accuracy and a simple, explicit method for the time evolution. The numerical solutions are chaos-free for the same conditions employed in previous work that encountered chaos. Moreover, stable results that are free of homoclinic-orbit crossing are obtained even when initial conditions are within 10 27 of the phase space separatrix value p. It also is found that the present
Fabrication of low-threshold InGaAs/GaAs ridge waveguide lasers by using in situ monitored reactive ion etching

In situ laser-monitored reactive ion etching is used to control ridge formation with 150-AA accuracy in fabricating double heterostructure InGaAs-GaAs strained layer single-quantum-well ridge waveguide lasers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Continuous-wave threshold current as low as 3.6 mA was obtained on devices with cleaved mirrors. High-reflectivity (96-70%) coated devices have the lowest threshold current at 2.1 mA. >
Deuterostome Monophyly and Phylogeny

The abundant data of developmental biology, both descriptive and experimental, are scattered through many serial publications and symposium volumes. However, the diversity that has been investigated by classical and modern techniques is relatively small. This is related to the reductionist aspect of much developmental research, to a minimal interest in a comparative approach, and to the availability and suitability of laboratory animals. Most symposium reports that I have examined offer little actual synthesis, although they cover key topics such as differential gene action, embryonic induction, and pattern formation.
Pulsed Electric Fields Inactivation of Vegetative Bacteria in Drinking Water Utilizing Magnetic Pulse Compressor Technology

The increasing demand for clean drinking water has significantly intensified the need for long lifetime, inexpensive water sterilization systems. With bottled water increasing in popularity, purity regulations need to be reconsidered. Contrary to popular opinion bottled water can contain high concentrations of bacteria; this concern must be addressed. Magnetic pulse compressors for PEF applications are a possible solution, due to their notably high lifetime, compact size, reliability and repetition-rates. The application of these systems for the purification of water needs to be explored further. The use of the short duration electrical pulses from the magnetic pulse compressor for inactivation of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in drinking water is being investigated at the University of Missouri-Columbia. This contaminant is considered extremely pathogenic under the right circumstances, making the increase in demand for unregulated bottled water a growing cause for concern. Coupled with the demand for clean drinking water, inexpensive water treatment systems based on high rep- rate magnetic pulse compression technology could play a significant role in point of use systems. The test cell used in this study allows static and flowing tests for pulse widths of 100-500 ns. The viability of the bacteria after treatment is assayed after a specific number of pulses are applied. The protocols, restrictions, and test data for this study are presented.
Egg Phosphatidylcholine Decreases the Lymphatic Absorption of Cholesterol in Rats

This study was conducted to determine the effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from different sources on intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93G diet containing soybean oil for 4 wk. Each rat with lymph cannula was infused via a duodenal catheter at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h with a lipid emulsion [in micromol: 451.8 triolein, 27.8 kBq 14C-cholesterol (CH), 20.7 CH, 3.6 alpha-tocopherol, and 100 PC in 24 mL PBS, pH 6.6]. The PC in the lipid emulsion was egg PC (EPC), hydrogenated egg PC (HPC), or soy PC (SPC). The EPC in the lipid emulsion markedly lowered the lymphatic absorption of 14C-CH (24.7 +/- 2.5% dose) compared with SPC (34.9 +/- 1.2%) and a lipid emulsion containing no PC (NPC) (30.8 +/- 2.0%). The HPC further lowered the absorption of 14C-CH to 21.1 +/- 1.4% dose. The outputs of phospholipid were unaffected by the source of PC infused (EPC, 32.2 +/- 1.7; HPC, 31.8 +/- 1.6; and SPC, 32.9 +/- 1.8 micromol/8 h). Compared with NPC (595.0 +/- 59.5 micromol), the total output of fatty acids over 8 h was increased significantly by SPC (685.4 +/- 55.8 micromol), but decreased by HPC (467.7 +/- 28.4 micromol). The total lymphatic output of oleic acid (18:1), the major fatty acid infused in the form of triolein, did not differ among the NPC (448.0 +/- 58.2 micromol/8 h), SPC (457.9 +/- 52.3 micromol/8 h) and EPC (412.9 +/- 20.8 micromol/8 h) groups, but was significantly lower in the HPC group (262.0 +/- 24.1 micromol/8 h). The findings provide the first evidence that EPC markedly lowers the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol under in vivo conditions. The inhibitory effect of EPC appears to be due to the higher degree of saturation of its acyl groups relative to SPC, suggesting that the intestinal absorption of egg cholesterol may be reduced by the presence of PC in egg yolk.
School Counselor Induction and the Importance of Mattering.

This study explored the personal and professional needs of novice school counselors and the ways in which they feel mattered through qualitative methodology. Findings revealed that mattering manifested through interactions with administrators, positive student connections and student success, and collaborations with others. Factors that reduced feelings of mattering included lack of formal interaction with administrators, ineffective transition processes, and lack of an assigned, formal mentor.
Global stability in the 2D Ricker equation

We improve a previous result for the 2D Ricker equation by reducing an infinite number of topological conditions to a finite number. We also give sufficient conditions in terms of the parameters where many of these topological conditions are satisfied. We also discuss the various pathologies that occur for other parameter choices.
Grasping POMDPs

We provide a method for planning under uncertainty for robotic manipulation by partitioning the configuration space into a set of regions that are closed under compliant motions. These regions can be treated as states in a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), which can be solved to yield optimal control policies under uncertainty. We demonstrate the approach on simple grasping problems, showing that it can construct highly robust, efficiently executable solutions
Exome array analysis identifies CAV1/CAV2 as a susceptibility locus for intraocular pressure.

Purpose. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important clinical parameter in the evaluation of ocular health. Elevated IOP is a major risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The goal of this study was to identify rare and less common variants that influence IOP.
The Pivotal Role of Multimodality Reporter Sensors in Drug Discovery: From Cell based Assays to Real Time Molecular Imaging

Development and marketing of new drugs require stringent validation that are expensive and time consuming. Non-invasive multimodality molecular imaging using reporter genes holds great potential to expedite these processes at reduced cost. New generations of smarter molecular imaging strategies such as Split reporter, Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, Multimodality fusion reporter technologies will further assist to streamline and shorten the drug discovery and developmental process. This review illustrates the importance and potential of molecular imaging using multimodality reporter genes in drug development at preclinical phases.
Dynamic-static coupling analysis on rockburst mechanism in jointed rock mass

A numerical code called RFPA-Dynamics was used to study the rockburst mechanism under dynamic load based on coupled static-dynamic analysis. The results show that dynamic disturbance has a very distinct triggering effect on rockburst. Under the dynamic load, rockburst is motivated by tensile stress formed by the overlapping of dynamic waves in the form of instantaneous open and cutting through of cracks in weak planes and pre-damaged areas. Meanwhile, the orientation of joint sets has an obvious leading effect on rockburst locations. Finally, a higher initial static stress state before dynamic loading can cause more pre-damaged area, thus leading to a larger rockburst scope.
Abstract 4230: The pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype and selection of stem-like cells in RAS-transformed ovarian epithelial cells

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer in the United States. Previously, our laboratory has successfully transformed human ovarian epithelial cells with oncogenic RAS carrying an activating mutation at valine 12 (HRAS V12 ) (T29H cells). By cDNA expression microarray we found that T29H cells exhibited marked activation of a wide spectrum of inflammatory genes and generated a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In this report, we identified a much more malignant phenotype in ovarian tumor explants derived from T29H (hereby denoted T29HT) cells, manifested by a significantly shorter latency of tumor onset after inoculation of T29HT cells back into nude mice than that of the parental T29H cells, suggesting that the T29H cells underwent a selective process in vivo that was favorable to the enhancement of tumorigenicity. By examining the ability of cells to form spheroids in suspension culture and staining spheroids with stem cell marker CD44, we showed that T29HT cells may contain a larger population of potential stem-like cells than do T29H cells. Western blot analysis confirmed higher expression levels of CD44 and genes involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in T29HT cells than in T29H cells. Our results suggest that T29H cells may acquire augmented malignancy in vivo by expanding the pool of potential cancer stem-like cells, and HRAS V12 -induced pro-inflammatory factors may play pivotal roles in mediating this effect. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4230.
Thoughts on the development of new energy sources in Hebei province

Hebei is a province in energy consumption and increasing production and demand gap,and energy security issues become increasingly prominent,while great efforts to develop new energy and renewable energy is the fundamental way to solve the energy problem.Hebei Province by analyzing the development of new sources of energy,favorable conditions for its development and use to make a few suggestions: The Government sought to encourage new energy and renewable energy industries;strength-ening of new energy and renewable energy technology research and development;through the market to promote new energy resources and renewable energy development.
Research on Distributed based Remote Data Replicating System

The distributed structure of data replication is adopted to overcome the side effects introduced by the traditional type of centralized replication,such as bottleneck of critical elements and weak scalability.By propagating data from the primary to all the secondary synchronally,the secondary is able to acquire maximum backup of primary in relatively short time.The system also distributes the load of the original node into the whole system as well as guarantees the data consistency of all nodes.
DSM-5 and Other Symptom Thresholds for ADHD Which Is the Best Predictor of Impairment in College Students?

Objective: Approximately 5% of adults have ADHD. Despite recommendations regarding the diagnosis of emerging adults, there is not a strong consensus regarding the ideal method for diagnosing ADHD in both emerging and mature adults. We were interested in determining whether a threshold of four, five, or six ADHD symptoms would be associated with significantly different levels of functional impairment and be more or less indicative of a potential ADHD diagnosis. Method: We examined the relation between functional impairment and these ADHD symptom thresholds in 2,577 college students. Results: Our findings suggest that none of these symptom thresholds are differentially better at predicting functional impairment. Conclusion: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) threshold of five symptoms for ages 17 years and older is not necessarily predictive of ADHD-related impairment in college students and may not be preferable to other thresholds. Options for resolving this diagnos...
Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Study the Regulation of Small G Proteins

At present, there are a number of questions concerning the abilities of different regulators (GEFs, GAPs) and target molecules to bind to Cdc42Hs and related GTP-binding proteins. The ability to label Cdc42Hs with an extrinsic-reporter group (sNBD) with a 1:1 stoichiometry of probe incorporation per protein molecule, and without any loss of functional activity, provides a powerful reagent for quantitative assays of regulatory protein and target binding. The expectation is that the sNBD-labeled Cdc42Hs will be useful in definitively determining whether GAPs and individual targets compete with one another for binding to Cdc42Hs, or if multiple-target molecules can complex simultaneously with a single GTP-binding protein. Given the success in labeling Cdc42Hs with an extrinsic-reporter group, it seems likely that similar labeling approaches would be successful with other members of the family, such as the Rac and Rho proteins.
Rural Residential Development and Its Discontents: A Political Ecology of Sprawl Containment in Wallowa County, Oregon, USA

Rural Wallowa County in Northeastern Oregon was the setting for numerous battles over land development and conservation in the 1990s and early 2000s. Many of the parcels planned for exurban development were ultimately conserved as open space and “working landscapes.” Understanding this outcome, a seemingly paradoxical one in light of the county’s predominant pro-property rights ethos, requires attending to the interests and activities of a range of local and non-local actors and to the multiscalar political and economic context in which they operate. In this chapter, I provide an analysis of two distinct but related cases in which planned development stirred local controversy and activism. I focus on the interests and activities of multiple social groups, including the largely Anglo developers, agricultural producers, long-time local residents, and recent amenity migrants as well as members of Indigenous Tribal groups with deep historical ties to the Wallowa region. The overall success of pro-conservation interests hinged on the strategic use of institutional tools provided by local, state, and federal policies, the enrollment of formal governmental actors at each of these scales, and the building of coalitions across the boundaries of social identity.
Using Retrieval Practice to Teach Professionalism to Medical Students: A Proposal

Teaching and assessing professionalism is a priority at medical schools. Approaches taken to teach professionalism include didactic courses, role modeling, clinical experiences, and online modules. However, it remains unclear whether these methods result in long-term retention of professional knowledge and how this, in turn, influences attitudes and behaviors. Recent insight into the effects of repeated testing on social behavior offers an opportunity to enhance the attainment of professionalism. Therefore, harnessing the power of retrieval practice to teach professionalism to medical students over the course of their training may represent an effective means to durably change attitudes and behaviors.