cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analytic expression approximating the Debye heat capacity function

It is useful to have analytic expressions for important functions in the equations of state of materials. The Debye model has been quite successful in approximating the thermal energy properties of a variety of solids, but is nonanalytic. Existing approximations suffer from various shortcomings, the most common being lack of applicability over some temperature range. A new analytic and integrable functional form that closely approximates the Debye model for the heat capacity is presented. This form, based on the mean of two Einstein heat capacity functions with a low temperature correction, exhibits deviations from the Debye model smaller than typical experimental scatter in heat capacity data.
Salvation or Commodification? The Role of Money and Markets in Global Ecological Preservation:

Rather than view the market as a tool for addressing climate change, through carbon tax or carbon permits, we argue that redefining “property” is more effective. Instead of right to exclude and abs...
Strategies to strengthen differentiation within the common core era: drawing on the expertise from those in the field

School reform efforts are reflected in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and increasingly impact potential for differentiation of instruction, which is critical in effectively educating studen...
ESL Curriculum Revision: Shifting Paradigms for Success.

The early success of the revised ESL literacy development curriculum for inter- national undergraduates at a large Midwestern university suggests that a curriculum which integrates reading and writing activity around meaning-making tasks with texts and focuses on fluency before accuracy is preferable to a skill-based curriculum. Support for this approach is found both in first and second language literacy development research, yet it has not been widely adopted in ESL developmental writing programs. Although only in the second year of implementation, test scores, grades, and student and teacher interviews indicate the revised curriculum is well-serving the developmental academic literacy needs of these matriculated ESL international students. Students are demonstrating reading and writing with greater ease and speed. They understand and produce texts with greater rhetorical awareness and have developed strategies for talking about and working with a variety of academic text-types. The development of these literacy practices has been well-received by teachers and students, and has prepared the latter to participate successfully in the required first year composition course.
Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults Aged ≥65 Years: Cost-Effectiveness and Health Impact in U.S. Populations.

Introduction Recommending both the conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines to all U.S. seniors may have little public health impact and be economically unreasonable. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of using both vaccines in all adults aged ≥65 years were estimated compared with an alternative strategy (omitting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the nonimmunocompromised) and with the newly revised recommendation (giving or omitting conjugate vaccine based on patient–physician shared decision making). Methods Strategies were examined in hypothetical U.S. 65-year-old population cohorts and segmented into health states based on age- and population-specific data in a Markov state-transition model with a lifetime time horizon from a healthcare perspective. Black population cohorts were examined separately given greater illness risk and lower vaccine uptake. Model parameters came from the Centers for Disease Control Active Core Bacterial Surveillance network, National Health Interview Survey, and Nationwide Inpatient Sample data. Outcomes included incremental costs per quality-adjusted life year gained and pneumococcal disease outcomes for each strategy. Data were gathered and analysis performed in 2018. Results Giving both vaccines, either routinely or with shared decision making, was most effective, reducing pneumococcal disease incidence compared with no vaccination, but costing $765,000–$2.18 million/quality-adjusted life year gained. Depending on examined population and scenario, the alternative strategy cost $65,700–$226,700/quality-adjusted life year gained (less in black populations) and reduced cases and deaths by 0.3%–0.9%. Conclusions A vaccination strategy that omits pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in immunocompetent U.S. seniors may be economically reasonable, particularly for black seniors. Use of both pneumococcal vaccines was more effective but substantially more expensive.
What Are We

The works in this chapter feature vibrational elements to play with the concept of sound and vibration, illustrating the transformation of Latin American sound poetries. Cid Campos’ “verbivocovisual” adaptations of Concrete poetry, specifically Poesia e risco and No lago do olho, echo and visualize the attraction to the poetics of sound. The Situationist sound compilations of Ivan Lopez Monroy’s “dfm e.p.” produce a “sound ecology” of sorts. Brian Mackern’s more modern sound poetries in Temporal de Santa Rosa feature recordings and images of a storm that reverberate fear, hope, and anticipation. Lastly, the chapter calls attention to the computer-kinetic morphisms in Jose Aburto’s Partidas. These works remind us how the idea of poetics is irrevocably altered and demands a new cultural practice of reading.
Perioperative Outcomes of Thrombectomy Patients Using Venovenous Bypass and Suction Filtration With General Anesthesia.

Objective AngioVac (Angiodynamics, Latham, NY) is a novel drainage system that offers a less-invasive approach compared with open surgical thromboembolectomy to remove intracardiac and intravascular thrombotic and embolic material. For this study, the authors’ single-center experience with patients undergoing thromboembolectomy using the AngioVac system was reviewed retrospectively to evaluate anesthetic management and postoperative complications. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting Single institution, quaternary care hospital. Participants The study comprised 20 consecutive patients whose treatment included the AngioVac between January 2016 and November 2019. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Twenty patients underwent AngioVac suction filtration. The mean age was 56 years, and women comprised 35% of the patient cohort. Indications for AngioVac suction filtration included deep venous thrombosis involving the inferior vena cava (n = 12 [60%]), right atrial mass/thrombus (n = 11 [55%]), right ventricular mass/thrombus (n = 3 [15%]), and pulmonary embolism(n = 2 [10%]). All patients required vasopressor support, and nine patients (45%) required blood transfusion during the procedure. There was no intraoperative death or cardiac arrest associated with the procedure. The 30-day mortality was zero, and in-hospital mortality was 5% (1/20). Significant postoperative complications occurred in 11/20 patients (55%). Postoperative left ventricular dysfunction (36% v 0%; p Conclusions The rate of intraoperative complication during AngioVac suction filtration is low, but vasopressors and blood transfusions often are required. Patients at increased risk of developing postoperative complications potentially can be identified as having undergone recent surgery, experiencing preoperative shock requiring vasopressors or postoperative left ventricular dysfunction, and requiring postoperative blood transfusion.
Amplified injustices and mutual aid in the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified existing injustices in the United States, which is exemplified in Ypsilanti, Michigan. However, the pandemic also provides an opportunity to re-imagine existing ...
The Value to the Customer of RFID in Service Applications

This article examines how customer value may be affected by deploying radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies within service environments. Business articles promote operational cost savings and improved inventory management as key benefits of deploying RFID. In response, service firms are using RFID to reengineer service transactions and customer touchpoints. Customers may view these RFID applications to offer both benefits and drawbacks. This article demonstrates that individuals will recognize far more value from RFID service applications than just cost savings and inventory availability. The article analyzes qualitative survey responses on the value gained from RFID to identify a broad list of value objectives—benefits and drawbacks—associated with RFID service applications. The article contributes to academic literature by providing salient value dimensions for return on investment models of service RFID applications and for future empirical analyses of means-ends and value-profit chain models. Managers can use the list of dimensions to develop rich business cases for evaluating the benefits and costs from enhancing service operations with RFID. The identified drawbacks also provide managers with a resource for understanding potential risks of RFID applications.
Ancient Greek Lists: Catalogue and Inventory Across Genres

Ancient Greek Lists brings together catalogic texts from a variety of genres, arguing that the list form was the ancient mode of expressing value through text. Ranging from Homer's Catalogue of Ships through Attic comedy and Hellenistic poetry to temple inventories, the book draws connections among texts seldom juxtaposed, examining the ways in which lists can stand in for objects, create value, act as methods of control, and even approximate the infinite. Athena Kirk analyzes how lists come to stand as a genre in their own right, shedding light on both under-studied and well-known sources to engage scholars and students of Classical literature, ancient history, and ancient languages.
Exploring the relationship between mobility and COVID- 19 infection rates for the second peak in the United States using phase-wise association.

Human mobility plays an important role in the dynamics of infectious disease spread. Evidence from the initial nationwide lockdowns for COVID- 19 indicates that restricting human mobility is an effective strategy to contain the spread. While a direct correlation was observed early on, it is not known how mobility impacted COVID- 19 infection growth rates once lockdowns are lifted, primarily due to modulation by other factors such as face masks, social distancing, and the non-linear patterns of both mobility and infection growth. This paper introduces a piece-wise approach to better explore the phase-wise association between state-level COVID- 19 incidence data and anonymized mobile phone data for various states in the United States. Prior literature analyzed the linear correlation between mobility and the number of cases during the early stages of the pandemic. However, it is important to capture the non-linear dynamics of case growth and mobility to be usable for both tracking and forecasting COVID- 19 infections, which is accomplished by the piece-wise approach. The associations between mobility and case growth rate varied widely for various phases of the epidemic curve when the stay-at-home orders were lifted. The mobility growth patterns had a strong positive association of 0.7 with the growth in the number of cases, with a lag of 5 to 7 weeks, for the fast-growth phase of the pandemic, for only 20 states that had a peak between July 1st and September 30, 2020. Overall though, mobility cannot be used to predict the rise in the number of cases after initial lockdowns have been lifted. Our analysis explores the gradual diminishing value of mobility associations in the later stage of the outbreak. Our analysis indicates that the relationship between mobility and the increase in the number of cases, once lockdowns have been lifted, is tenuous at best and there is no strong relationship between these signals. But we identify the remnants of the last associations in specific phases of the growth curve.
The Scintillation Counter

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the performance of scintillation counter. The essential components of a scintillation counter are a phosphor crystal, a secondary emission multiplier, and some form of presentation device; for example, a pulse height selector and a pulse counter. The nuclear radiation to be measured falls on the phosphor crystal. As each nuclear emission strikes the crystal, it gives up some or all of its energy and excites a fluorescent scintillation. The light from this flash causes the release of photoelectrons from the photocathode of the secondary emission multiplier. These initial electrons are multiplied by the cascaded dynodes of the tube and when collected result in a current pulse at the output. The electrical pulses thus formed are analyzed and counted by the circuit that follows the multiplier. The chapter also discusses two major components making up the scintillation counter that are photomultiplier and the phosphor crystal.
Some Observations on the Behavior of Grazing Lactating Cows

Summary The grazing habits and related activities of eight lactating Holstein cows have been recorded for two periods of 240 consecutive hours each. The first trial was conducted during the last part of July and the second during the first part of September. The following results were obtained. 1.The average standing time per cow was 900 minutes; lying down time, 540 minutes; and loafing time, 358 minutes per 24 hours. 2.The cows grazed an average of 542 minutes and ruminated 518 minutes per 24 hours. 3.On the average, defecations occurred 15.0 times, urinations 9.4 times, and drinking 3.9 times in 24 hours. 4.On the average, grazing time was divided approximately equally between the a.m.-p.m. and p.m.-a.m. milkings; however, high environmental temperatures were observed to increase night grazing. 5.The animals averaged 58 bites per minute while grazing and 64 jaw movements per minute while ruminating. 6.The feeding of a limited amount of grain decreased grazing time approximately 7½%. 7.The results have been discussed from the standpoint of pasture management. The contribution of such studies to the over-all problem of pasture herbage evaluation has been mentioned.
The Entropy Ergodic Theorem

The goal of this chapter is to prove an ergodic theorem for sample entropy of finite-alphabet random processes. The result is sometimes called the ergodic theorem of information theory or the asymptotic equipartition (AEP) theorem, but it is best known as the Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem. It provides a common foundation to many of the results of both ergodic theory and information theory.
Enumeration of Binary Trees and Universal Types

Binary unlabeled ordered trees (further called binary trees) were studied at least since Euler, who enumerated them. The number of such trees with n nodes is now known as the Catalan number. Over the years various interesting questions about the statistics of such trees were investigated (e.g., height and path length distributions for a randomly selected tree). Binary trees find an abundance of applications in computer science. However, recently Seroussi posed a new and interesting problem motivated by information theory considerations: how many binary trees of a \emphgiven path length (sum of depths) are there? This question arose in the study of \emphuniversal types of sequences. Two sequences of length p have the same universal type if they generate the same set of phrases in the incremental parsing of the Lempel-Ziv'78 scheme since one proves that such sequences converge to the same empirical distribution. It turns out that the number of distinct types of sequences of length p corresponds to the number of binary (unlabeled and ordered) trees, T_p, of given path length p (and also the number of distinct Lempel-Ziv'78 parsings of length p sequences). We first show that the number of binary trees with given path length p is asymptotically equal to T_p ~ 2^2p/(log_2 p)(1+O(log ^-2/3 p)). Then we establish various limiting distributions for the number of nodes (number of phrases in the Lempel-Ziv'78 scheme) when a tree is selected randomly among all trees of given path length p. Throughout, we use methods of analytic algorithmics such as generating functions and complex asymptotics, as well as methods of applied mathematics such as the WKB method and matched asymptotics.
New border crossings for the interaction hypothesis: the effects of feedback on Gonja speakers learning English in a rural school in Ghana

While Ghanaians in urban and rural settings are multilingual, English is the language of Ghanaian newspapers, politicians, the courts, much of television and radio in the metropolitan centres of the country. Indeed, urban Ghanaian adolescents have expanding opportunities to use English, the only official language of Ghana, even when not in school. Interaction in English is much less true of rural contexts, many of which are not on the national electric grid, have few electric generators resulting in little or no television and Internet access, and perhaps only an occasional newspaper found on the side of a dusty road. The purpose of this study, arising from conversations with policy leaders, is to demonstrate how language development occurs when students are given a task that provides them with opportunities to utilize their language resources to formulate questions. A controlled, small, fast-response, clinical design was sought because voices from the policy arena felt that relying on similar studies fro...
Risk factors for severe or fatal drug-induced liver injury from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

Aim To identify risk factors for severe liver injury or mortality from drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. To determine if co-administration of potentially hepatotoxic drugs was associated with an increased risk of DILI from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the published work and data extraction of articles on DILI injury from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Potentially hepatotoxic drugs were defined as medications with DILI listed in the package insert or reported in the published work. Individual patient data were entered into an SPSS (version 17.0; Chicago, IL, USA) database and were analyzed using the χ2-test or Fisher's exact test; Student's t-test; and non-parametric tests such as Mann–Whitney U-test as appropriate. Results We identified 3932 articles of which 41 publications with 255 reported cases met inclusion criteria. Mortality from DILI from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid was increased among patients receiving concomitant potentially hepatotoxic drugs compared with patients not on concomitant potential hepatotoxic drugs (21.4% [3/14] vs 2.3% [2/89], P = 0.017]. The most common classes of concomitant drugs were: antimicrobials, analgesics and hormonal therapy. Female patients were more likely to receive a concomitant potentially hepatotoxic medication (25% vs 9.1% for men, P = 0.05). Conclusion Patients who developed severe or fatal DILI from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid were more likely to be on concomitant hepatotoxic medications. Female patients were more likely to receive concomitant hepatotoxic drugs. Further studies are needed to investigate drug interaction between amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and concomitant potentially hepatotoxic drugs.
Solving Current Social Challenges: Engaging Undergraduates in Policy Practice

This article explores an innovation in teaching policy practice at the undergraduate level. It analyzes an experiential learning model that uses current social challenges as a compelling way to generate student learning about policy practice. Over the course of the semester, students examine antecedents, current issues, and potential solutions to a contemporary social issue through a series of assignments that build knowledge and skills and link the topic to larger social policy concerns. Using quantitative and qualitative evidence from seven semesters, the article explores benefits and challenges of this approach to teaching, and derives lessons for social work education.
How can genetic interactions evolve in response to migration load

Gene sow between populations that experience different selective regimes can reduce fitness in both populations. This is particularly true for populations that experience immigration from a large, distinct source population, such as populations on the edge of a species range. How can this deleterious effect of gene flow be mitigated? We focus on the evolution of modifier loci that can affect the dominance, epistasis, or recombination rates. We first model the set of immigrant haplotypes using a branching process approach and then model the invasion of a modifier allele that may become linked to these immigrant haplotypes. We find that modifiers of the dominance coefficient and modifiers of epistasis among immigrant alleles have similar rates of spread. In principle, a modifier that reduces recombination can spread, but we find that this form of selection is much weaker than selection on epistasis or dominance. By comparing the strength of selection of this set of modifiers in a single model we are able to draw general conclusions about the evolution of genetic architecture in response to migration/selection balance.
Emergence of rotational bands in ab initio no-core configuration interaction calculations of the Be isotopes

The emergence of rotational bands is observed in no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations for the $\mathrm{Be}$ isotopes ($7\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}12$), as evidenced by rotational patterns for excitation energies, electromagnetic moments, and electromagnetic transitions. Yrast and low-lying excited bands are found. The results indicate well-developed rotational structure in NCCI calculations, using the JISP16 realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction within finite, computationally accessible configuration spaces.
SPONTANEOUS ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY DURING WAKING AND SLEEPING

Spontaneous electrodermal activity (EDA) (galvanic skin response [GSR] and skin potential response [SPR]) was recorded during daytime sleep and nighttime sleep. During all sleep, spontaneous EDA occurred most frequently during stages 3 and 4 (slow wave sleep) and least frequently during stage 1 (rapid eye movement [REM] and non-REM). This pattern was consistent over 3 nights of sleep. There was no relation between waking and sleeping spontaneous EDA. The spontaneous EDA during slow wave sleep significantly exceeded that during waking. During sleep, spontaneous SPRs often occurred without spontaneous GSRs.
Factors influencing the choice between cold knife conization and loop electrosurgical excisional procedure for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Aim: To determine whether cold knife conization (CKC) or loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP) is the better option for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) under specific circumstances. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent CKC or LEEP for the treatment of CIN. The proportion of non-negative surgical margins between the two treatment groups was calculated based on their age, parity, previous mode of delivery, and grade of CIN. The Student's t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to find the better option for the treatment of CIN under the specific circumstances. Results: A total of 118 patients were enrolled in the study. Between the two treatment groups, there was no significant difference in the overall proportion of non-negative surgical margins (P > 0.05). The grade of CIN, the previous mode of delivery, and parity did not affect the surgical margin status. The CKC treatment group had a significantly lower incidence of non-negative surgical margins than the LEEP treatment group (14.3% vs. 52.6%, respectively; P 45 years of age. Based on multivariate analyses, LEEP was identified as a significant risk factor for non-negative surgical margins in the patients >45 years of age. Of the 11 patients with non-negative surgical margins who underwent a secondary procedure within 6 months of the initial CKC or LEEP, five patients (45.5%) had residual CIN II and III. Conclusions: In patients >45 years of age, CKC is the preferred treatment for CIN.
Evidence for Adhesive Activity of the Ventrolateral Flange in Giardia lamblia

Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan that inhabits the intestinal tract of man and other mammals by attaching to the mucosal surface via the contractile activity of an attachment organelle called the ventral adhesive disk. We have investigated the presence of other attachment mechanisms in G. lamblia trophozoites by using microfabricated substrates that sterically interfere with formation of the hypothesized "negative pressure" under the ventral adhesive disk that would mediate attachment to a substratum. Pillars measuring 1 microm high and 2 microm in diam. were constructed in microarrays with spacings smaller than the diameter of the ventral adhesive disk. Using high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, the attachment of trophozoites to the tops of pillars in the microfabricated substrates was investigated. Firm adhesion of trophozoites was observed to be mediated by direct attachment of the ventrolateral flange membrane to the tops of microfabricated pillars. Attachment to microfabricated surfaces was 16% of that observed for attachment mediated by the ventral adhesive disk (4.4 +/- 1.5 cells/100 micro2 micropillar surface vs. 25.9 +/- 3.1 cells/100 micro2 flat substrate, p < 0.0001) This is the first report of trophozoite adhesion to a substratum by a mechanism other than the direct attachment of the ventral adhesive disk, and provides experimental evidence that the ventrolateral flange may play a role in trophozoite adhesion. A hypothesis is presented describing how the adhesive nature of the ventrolateral flange might be involved in normal attachment of G. lamblia trophozoites to a substratum.
Role of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase isozymes in de Novo purine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

One-carbon units are essential to a variety of anabolic processes which yield necessary cellular components including purines, pyrimidines, amino acids, and lipids. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the major provider of one-carbon units in the cell. The other product of this reaction is glycine. Both of these metabolites are required in de novo purine biosynthesis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic SHMT isozymes are encoded by distinct nuclear genes (SHM1 and SHM2). Molecular genetic analyses have begun to define the roles of these two isozymes in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism [McNeil, J. B., et al. (1996) Genetics 142, 371-381]. In our study, the SHM1 and SHM2 genes were disrupted singly and in combination to investigate the contributions of the two SHMT isozymes to the production of glycine and one-carbon units required in purine biosynthesis. Cell subfractionation experiments indicated that while only 5% of total activity was localized in the mitochondria, the specific activity in that compartment was much higher than in the cytoplasm. Growth and 13C NMR experiments indicate that the two isozymes function in different directions, depending on the nutritional conditions of the cell. When yeast was grown on serine as the primary one-carbon source, the cytoplasmic isozyme was the main provider of glycine and one-carbon groups for purine synthesis. When grown on glycine, the mitochondrial SHMT was the predominant isozyme catalyzing the synthesis of serine from glycine and one-carbon units. However, when both serine and glycine were present, the mitochondrial SHMT made a significant contribution of one-carbon units, but not glycine, for purine synthesis. Finally, NMR data are presented that suggest the existence of at least two sites of de novo purine biosynthesis in growing yeast cells, each being fed by distinct pools of precursors.
Dissolution of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers with Neutral Solvents, a Selective Solvent, a Nonsolvent, and Mixtures of a Solvent and Nonsolvent Monitored by FT-IR Imaging

FT-IR imaging was used to study the dissolution of symmetric diblock copolymers of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) in neutral solvents (toluene and benzene), a selective solvent (2-ethoxyethanol), a nonsolvent (cyclohexane), and mixtures of the selective solvent and nonsolvent. 2-Ethoxyethanol is a good solvent for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) but a nonsolvent for polystyrene (PS), and cyclohexane is a nonsolvent for polystyrene below 35 °C and a nonsolvent for PMMA. Copolymer samples of three different molecular weights were tested with the neutral solvents, and one molecular weight was tested with the selective solvent, nonsolvent, and solvent mixtures. FT-IR images and concentration profiles were obtained, and dissolution rates were calculated from the concentration profiles. For the neutral solvent experiments, the block copolymer dissolution mechanism was governed by either solvent diffusion, which resulted in stress cracking for low molecular weights, or disentanglement of the polymer chains...
Gauge invariance and resonant transitions

Abstract It is shown that resonant transitions can be used to demonstrate experimentally the effects of the requirement of gauge invariance in quantum mechanics.
Effects of tegmental lesions on the isolation call of squirrel monkeys

The present study is concerned with identifying brain mechanisms underlying a basic mammalian vocalization known as the isolation call. The call serves to reestablish contact of separated individuals. Adult squirrel monkeys were used as experimental subjects because the isolation call in these animals has been shown to be stable, well-defined, and readily elicited under experimental conditions. Bilateral, symmetrical electrocoagulations in certain parts of the tegmentum and core gray matter of the thalamus and midbrain variously altered the character and production of isolation calls, but had no apparent effect on other vocalizations. In respective cases the changes were characterized by: (1) reduction in number of calls; (2) calls with abnormal structure; and (3) calls of infantile character. As opposed to earlier investigations on mammals, the present study has shown that damage to certain brain structures may not only affect the production of a vocalization but also its physical characteristics.
The modern role of the conservator

(1990). The modern role of the conservator. Journal of the Society of Archivists: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 95-101.
Anguilliform larvae collected off North Carolina

The distinctive larval stage of eels (leptocephalus) facilitates dispersal through prolonged life in the open ocean. Leptocephali are abundant and diverse off North Carolina, yet data on distributions and biology are lacking. The water column (from surface to 1,293 m) was sampled in or near the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, Cape Lookout, and Cape Fear, North Carolina during summer through fall of 1999–2005, and leptocephali were collected by neuston net, plankton net, Tucker trawl, and dip net. Additional samples were collected nearly monthly from a transect across southern Onslow Bay, North Carolina (from surface to 91 m) from April 2000 to December 2001 by bongo and neuston nets, Methot frame trawl, and Tucker trawl. Overall, 584 tows were completed, and 224 of these yielded larval eels. The 1,295 eel leptocephali collected (combining all methods and areas) represented at least 63 species (nine families). Thirteen species were not known previously from the area. Dominant families for all areas were Congridae (44% of individuals, 11 species), Ophichthidae (30% of individuals, 27 species), and Muraenidae (22% of individuals, ten species). Nine taxa accounted for 70% of the overall leptocephalus catches (in order of decreasing abundance): Paraconger caudilimbatus (Poey), Gymnothorax ocellatus Agassiz complex, Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche), Ophichthus gomesii (Castelnau), Callechelys muraena Jordan and Evermann, Letharchus aliculatus McCosker, Rhynchoconger flavus (Goode and Bean), Ophichthus cruentifer (Goode and Bean), Rhynchoconger gracilior (Ginsburg). The top three species represented 52% of the total eel larvae collected. Most leptocephali were collected at night (79%) and at depths > 45 m. Eighty percent of the eels collected in discrete depth Tucker trawls at night ranged from mean depths of 59–353 m. A substantial number (38% of discrete depth sample total) of larval eels were also collected at the surface (neuston net) at night. Daytime leptocephalus distributions were less clear partly due to low catches and lower Tucker trawl sampling effort. While net avoidance may account for some of the low daytime catches, an alternative explanation is that many species of larval eels occur during the day at depths > 350 m. Larvae of 21 taxa of typically shallow water eels were collected at depths > 350 m, but additional discrete depth diel sampling is needed to resolve leptocephalus vertical distributions. The North Carolina adult eel fauna (estuary to at least 2,000 m) consists of 51 species, 41% of which were represented in these collections. Many species of leptocephali collected are not yet known to have juveniles or adults established in the South Atlantic Bight or north of Cape Hatteras. Despite Gulf Stream transport and a prolonged larval stage, many of these eel leptocephali may not contribute to their respective populations.
Measurement of the Total Muon Polarization in K + → π 0 + μ + + ν

From a measurement of the total polarization of the muon, we have determined the parameter $\ensuremath{\xi}({q}^{2})$ in the decay ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}+\ensuremath{\nu}$.
New quantitative trait loci for carotid atherosclerosis identified in an intercross derived from apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse strains

Carotid atherosclerosis is the primary cause of ischemic stroke. To identify genetic factors contributing to carotid atherosclerosis, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using female mice derived from an intercross between C57BL/6J (B6) and BALB/cJ (BALB) apolipoprotein E (Apoe(-/-)) mice. We started 266 F(2) mice on a Western diet at 6 wk of age and fed them the diet for 12 wk. Atherosclerotic lesions in the left carotid bifurcation and plasma lipid levels were measured. We genotyped 130 microsatellite markers across the entire genome. Three significant QTLs, Cath1 on chromosome (Chr) 12, Cath2 on Chr5, and Cath3 on Chr13, and four suggestive QTLs on Chr6, Chr9, Chr17, and Chr18 were identified for carotid lesions. The Chr6 locus replicated a suggestive QTL and was named Cath4. Six QTLs for HDL, three QTLs for non-HDL cholesterol, and three QTLs for triglyceride were found. Of these, a significant QTL for non-HDL on Chr1 at 60.3 cM, named Nhdl13, and a suggestive QTL for HDL on ChrX were new. A significant locus for HDL (Hdlq5) was overlapping with a suggestive locus for carotid lesions on Chr9. A significant correlation between carotid lesion sizes and HDL cholesterol levels was observed in the F(2) population (R = -0.153, P = 0.0133). Thus, we have identified several new QTLs for carotid atherosclerosis and the locus on Chr9 may exert effect through interactions with HDL.
Magnetic force microscope utilizing an ultra-small-spring-constant vertically cantilevered tip

Abstract We have developed a novel vertical cantilever geometry for scanning force microscopy. The vertical cantilever has several advantages over horizontal cantilever designs. The vertical cantilever is sensitive to vertical forces and horizontal force gradients; its lateral response is inherently directional; and the vertical geometry inhibits uncontrolled vertical deflections, thereby reducing the incidence of tip crashes and facilitating the use of ultra-small-spring-constant cantilevers for superior force sensitivity. We have constructed a magnetic force microscope (MFM) utilizing the vertical cantilever geometry. Images of magnetic recording media are used to illustrate the capabilities of our MFM.
Existence of smoothed stationary processes on an interval

Abstract The paper identifies the class of stationary processes on an interval which share a given stationary Gaussian process as kth derivative. The membership requirement involves the norm in the reproducing kernel space associated with the process sought as derivative. Some explicit results are obtained when working with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and the linear kernels. These latter facts are useful in an adaptive Bayesian modelling of computer experiments; some remarks are given about this type of analysis.
SIRT2 Maintains Genome Integrity and Suppresses Tumorigenesis through Regulating APC/C Activity

Members of sirtuin family regulate multiple critical biological processes, yet their role in carcinogenesis remains controversial. To investigate the physiological functions of SIRT2 in development and tumorigenesis, we disrupted Sirt2 in mice. We demonstrated that SIRT2 regulates the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activity through deacetylation of its coactivators, APC(CDH1) and CDC20. SIRT2 deficiency caused increased levels of mitotic regulators, including Aurora-A and -B that direct centrosome amplification, aneuploidy, and mitotic cell death. Sirt2-deficient mice develop gender-specific tumorigenesis, with females primarily developing mammary tumors, and males developing more hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Human breast cancers and HCC samples exhibited reduced SIRT2 levels compared with normal tissues. These data demonstrate that SIRT2 is a tumor suppressor through its role in regulating mitosis and genome integrity.
The sticking point

Comment on Murphy et al, page [3322][1] A signaling pathway involving activation of the GTPase Rap1 may play a role in increased adhesiveness of sickle red cells to the extracellular matrix protein laminin. A painful and distressing manifestation of sickle cell disease is crisis resulting from
Friendship Revisited: Heptaméron Tales 10, 21, 15, and 70

(2001). Friendship Revisited: Heptameron Tales 10, 21, 15, and 70. Romance Quarterly: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
Progressive resolution coding of hyperspectral imagery featuring region of interest access

We propose resolution progressive Three-Dimensional Set Partitioned Embedded bloCK (3D-SPECK), an embedded wavelet based algorithm for hyperspectral image compression. The proposed algorithm also supports random Region-Of-Interest (ROI) access. For a hyperspectral image sequence, integer wavelet transform is applied on all three dimensions. The transformed image sequence exhibits a hierarchical pyramidal structure. Each subband is treated as a code block. The algorithm encodes each code block separately to generate embedded sub-bitstream. The sub-bitstream for each subband is SNR progressive, and for the whole sequence, the overall bitstream is resolution progressive. Rate is allocated amongst the sub-bitstreams produced for each block. We always have the full number of bits possible devoted to that given scale, and only partial decoding is needed for the lower than full scales. The overall bitstream can serve the lossy-to-lossless hyperspectral image compression. Applying resolution scalable 3D-SPECK independently on each 3D tree can generate embedded bitstream to support random ROI access. Given the ROI, the algorithm can identify ROI and reconstruct only the ROI. The identification of ROI is done at the decoder side. Therefore, we only need to encode one embedded bitstream at the encoder side, and different users at the decoder side or the transmission end could decide their own different regions of interest and access or decode them. The structure of hyperspectral images reveals spectral responses that would seem ideal candidates for compression by 3D-SPECK. Results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance on hyperspectral image compression.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Geophysical Studies of Northern Florida Platform, Gulf of Mexico: ABSTRACT

The western edge of the North Florida platform has been delineated in some detail by seismic-reflection investigations. The platform boundary is not apparent from topographic surveys because of the thick sediment cover. The platform edge appears to coincide with the trend of a probable offshore extension of the Lower Cretaceous (Washita-Fredericksburg) reef trend. The presence of a more recent reef, normal to the lower Cretaceous reef, is indicated from interpretation of additional reflection records. This feature trends almost east-west and crosses the buried edge of the North Florida platform. It can be traced for approximately 30 mi and can be aligned with an old buried shoreline on the east. The top of the Upper Cretaceous has been traced over most of the continental slope south of the Florida Panhandle by seismic-reflection profiling. Studies on the outer slope indicate that this horizon rises near the center of the platform, along long. 86°30^prime, to less than 5,000 ft below sea level. On the west, near the edge of the platform at long. 87°30^prime, the top of the Upper Cretaceous is at 7,000 ft whereas on the east where the Florida escarpment intersects 85°30^prime long., the indicated depth is more than 5,700 ft below sea level. The reflection surveys show that erosion has played a very important role in the formation of the western part of the platform. It is evident that erosional processes have been active at least since the Late Cretaceous. This can be interpreted to indicate that the circulation in the Gulf of Mexico, and the loop current in particular, has been essentially the same during the entire Cenozoic Era. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2031------------
Intermittant hypoxia due to right atrial compression by an ascending aortic aneurysm

Two cases are described wherein right atrial compression from a dilated and elongated ascending aorta caused intermittent positional hypoxia. Extrinsic compression of the right atrium caused shunting though a patent foramen ovale.
Treatment of vancomycin overdose using high-efficiency dialysis membranes.

Two children underwent acute hemodialysis using high-efficiency dialysis membranes for vancomycin intoxication (plasma levels 238 µg/ml and 182 µg/ml). During a 3-h treatment, plasma vancomycin removal was on average 60%, with a calculated vancomycin half-life (t1/2) of 2 h. This is in contrast to a recent report using charcoal hemoperfusion for vancomycin intoxication (plasma level of 137 µg/ml), which resulted in a 40% relative plasma clearance and a calculated vancomycin t1/2 of 12.5 h for a 4-h treatment. The choice of optimal modality for clearing a toxin should take into account the availability of equipment, protein or lipid binding of the toxin, and inherent risks of charcoal hemofiltration (large extracorporeal circuit, reversible hypocalcemia, heat loss, reversible coagulation defects) versus risks of high-efficiency hemodialysis (large extracorporeal circuit).
Adults' letter predictions and the statistics of letters in English

Abstract Twenty graduate students predicted the successive letters and spaces of 100-word passages of continuous English text, one passage per student. The frequency of letter occurrences as predicted were compared with the frequency of single-letter and digram occurrences in the textual material. The letter predictions were 70.3 per cent correct and were consistent with the relative frequency of letters in English.
Effect of surgery on tumor-induced accelerated coagulation in a rat carcinoma

Accelerated coagulation detected by thromboelastography has been reported in early stages of tumor growth. The present investigation was conducted to determine the changes in tumor-induced accelerated coagulation following complete and partial resection of the tumor. Male Fisher rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) tumor-bearing rats, (3) complete resection, (4) partial resection. In groups 2, 3, and 4 a 2-mm3 piece of squamous cell carcinoma (NCI 11095) was implanted subcutaneously in the left flank. Seven days later blood samples were obtained from the tumor and control groups and tested on a thromboelastograph to determine the effect of the tumor on the coagulation of the hosts. Six weeks following the initial tumor implantation a sham operation was performed on group 2, complete resection on group 3, and a partial resection on group 4. After a rest period of 3 weeks blood samples were obtained from the four groups of rats and tested on a thromboelastograph. The results indicate that there is a significant acceleration of coagulation in tumor-bearing animals. The effect of surgery on this tumor-induced phenomenon depends on the type of procedure performed. Complete resection returns the coagulation status toward normal whereas sham operation or a partial resection do not. In this tumor model, hypercoagulability of the blood, therefore, indicates the presence of residual tumor.
New product development process: Stages and successes in the medical products industry

Abstract This study investigates how firms manufacturing medical devices use the new product development (NPD) process. It compares new-to-the world products with product modifications in terms of the perceived importance of 12 NPD stages by RD NPD stages actually performed; and the relation of these activities to new product success. Although significant variations occur among the use of specific NPD stages, the firms use the NPD stages more often for new-to-the world products than for product modifications, and “high-success products” utilize the NPD stages more often than “low-success products.” Respondent perceptions of NPD stage importance are consistent with whether a particular stage is undertaken. Marketing stages generally seem less important than other stages and are less frequently undertaken. Managers interested in developing successful new-to-the-world products may want to use a more “complete” new product process. On the other hand, successful product modifications may be able to take some short cuts in the new product process without jeopardizing new product success.
Effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on pre- and postsynaptic responses to baclofen in rat hippocampus

Abstract Interactions between the GABAB receptor and acute or chronic ethanol treatment were studied using extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recording techniques. Bath application of the GABAB receptor agonist, (−)-baclofen (0.1–100 μM) induced concentration-dependent inhibition of extracellularly recorded dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices. Responses to baclofen were unchanged relative to control either by simultaneous application of ethanol (10–60 mM) or by previous chronic ethanol exposure. The membrane potential of CA1 pyramidal neurons was reversibly hyperpolarized an average of 5 mV by pressure ejection of baclofen (1 mM). Bath application of ethanol (30 mM) alone occasionally caused a small depolarization of resting membrane potentials in CA1 neurons but failed to increase hyperpolarizing responses to pressure-ejected baclofen. However, in slices from chronic ethanol-treated animals hyperpolarizing responses to bath-applied baclofen (10 μM) were reduced by approximately 30% relative to controls. These results suggest that GABAB-mediated responses in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons are relatively resistant to the acute effects of ethanol, but that continuous exposure to ethanol sufficient to induce physical dependence may evoke an adaptive reduction in some GABAB receptor mediated responses.