cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Insurance Approach to Risk Analysis of Debt Home Equity Conversion Programs

The use of home equity conversion debt creates a compounding obligation against the home that makes collateral deficiency a potentially dominant risk. Using an insurance methodology, an examination of this risk and its impact upon the potential for home equity conversion is conducted. The paper includes a consideration of how deficiency risk and maximum potential benefits are affected by the interaction of household characteristics with demographic and economic factors.
Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium: Their Role in Both the Cause and Treatment of Hypertension

Despite advances in the prevention and treatment of hypertension over the past decade, hypertension remains an important public health challenge. Recent efforts to reduce the prevalence of hypertension have focused on nonpharmacologic means, specifically diet. An increased intake of minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium by dietary means has been shown in some but not all studies to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This review will discuss the roles of potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension with specific emphasis on clinical trial evidence, mechanism of action, and recommendations for dietary intake of these minerals. A high intake of these minerals through increased consumption of fruits and vegetables may improve blood pressure levels and reduce coronary heart disease and stroke.
The synthesis and characterization of the amino-terminal octapeptide of mouse nerve growth factor.

The octapeptide, Ser-Ser-Thr-His-Pro-Val-Phe-His, corresponding to the first eight amino-terminal residues in the sequence of mouse nerve growth factor, has been synthesized by the manual solid-phase technique. After cleavage of the peptide material from the peptide-resin by HF, extensive purification produced the expected product in good yield (27% of potential starting sites; 58% of the released product). The peptide was characterized by chromatographic techniques, sequence analysis, enzymatic digestion, CD and ORD spectral analyses, and biological and pharmacological assays. Detailed analysis of the reaction by-products, isolated during the purification of the principal product, provided technical information regarding possible synthetic side reactions and further evidence for dynamic solvation of the polymer matrix as a dominant factor in solid phase synthesis.
An approximate solution for coupling to a coaxial waveguide which terminates at a conducting wedge

An integral equation is derived to approximate the aperture electric field for a coaxial waveguide that terminates at a conducting wedge. The integral equation is derived by retaining the standard kernel for the infinite-flange case and adapting the solution for the two-dimensional conducting wedge for use as the excitation term. The solution of this equation gives rise to an approximation to the TEM open-circuit voltage. Because only the excitation term is modified, the equation is useful for connectors that are greater than about one wavelength away from the corner. Theoretical and experimental results for the power transmitted down the coax are presented. >
Vasopressin, glucose homeostasis, and sucrose taste preferences

Previous research indicates that vasopressin-containing (LE) rats are capable of adapting to the stress of food restriction, whereas vasopressin-deficient (DI) rats cannot adapt to this stressor. It has been postulated that abnormalities in glucose metabolism may be one of the factors leading to the demise of food-restricted DI rats. The present study was conducted to determine if taste preferences are altered in DI animals and if the presentation of exogenous glucose, in the form of sucrose solutions, can ameliorate the effects of the stress of food restriction. Four different concentrations of sucrose solutions were presented to LE and DI rats under the food-restricted condition. In both strains, an 8% sucrose solution was preferred over 0%, 16%, and 32% concentrations, with DI rats consuming more of this concentration than LE rats. Thus, when DI rats had the opportunity of maintaining glucose homeostasis by exogenous supplements, they maintained body weight, displayed no stomach pathology, and survived.
Quantitation of immunoglobulins in the effusions of human ovarian epithelial neoplasms

Cyst and ascites fluid was obtained from 31 different patients with ovarian epithelial neoplasms and was analyzed for the molecular forms and quantities of IgG, IgM, and IgA. The fluids were grouped on the basis of the pathologic diagnosis of the tumor tissue for investigation of the possibility that immunoglobulin levels in fluids from ovarian neoplasms varied with the type of tumor. Immunoglobulin concentrations in most cyst fluid samples were comparable to amounts detected in normal human serum; however, significant reductions in the amounts of IgA in fluids from mucinous cystadenocarcinomas and in the amounts of both IgA and IgM in fluids from mucinous cystadenoma were demonstrated. The cyst fluid immunoglobulins were present in the same molecular forms as serum immunoglobulins, that is, pentameric IgM, predominantly monomeric IgA, and monomeric IgG. The usefulness of cyst effusions as a source of autologous antibodies in the investigation of the immune response to tumors is discussed.
The Kinked Oligopoly Curve Reconsidered

Introduction, 119. — I. Belief in the existence of the kink, 119. — II. Price patterns: rigidity, 127; the time period, 128; nominal versus transaction prices, 130; collusion and price leadership, 132; price rigidity of monopolies and heterogeneous oligopolies, 133. — III. Conclusions, 135.
A Numerical Method for Solving Incompressible Viscous Flow Problems

A numerical method for solving incompressible viscous flow problems is introduced. This method uses the velocities and the pressure as variables and is equally applicable to problems in two and three space dimensions. The principle of the method lies in the introduction of an artificial compressibility ? into the equations of motion, in such a way that the final results do not depend on ?. An application to thermal convection problems is presented.
Quantum-chromodynamic phenomenology of gluon jets

We investigate in detail, within the framework of perturbative quantum chromodynamics, properties of the gluon jet in comparison with those of the quark jet. The short-distance features of a gluon jet are quite similar to those of a quark jet, apart from the difference in the overall color charges $\frac{{C}_{2}(G)}{{C}_{2}(R)}=\frac{9}{4}$. The spread of a gluon jet in the transverse momentum is much bigger than that of a quark jet and the narrowing of a gluon jet with increasing energy is slower than that of a quark jet. We also evaluate the thrust $T$ distribution which has the same features for both types of hadronic jets. The average $〈1\ensuremath{-}T〉$ and higher "thrust moments" $〈{(1\ensuremath{-}T)}^{n}〉$ for the gluon-jet case are again approximately $\frac{{C}_{2}(G)}{{C}_{2}(R)}=\frac{9}{4}$ times those for the quark-jet case. The usefulness of these thrust moments is emphasized. The implication of the above result on the search for gluon jets is discussed, especially in the hadronic decay of a heavy quarkonium state. We express the gluon-jet production cross section in terms of the Altarelli-Parisi parton functions. We emphasize that the spread of the gluon jet is a very clean place to measure the triple-gluon vertex coupling, since it provides the dominant contribution in the transverse-momentum spread.
Cloned mycoplasma ribosomal RNA genes for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in tissue cultures

A cloned fragment of the mycoplasma ribosomal RNA operon was used as a molecular probe for the detection of mycoplasmas in cell cultures. According to the conditions of hybridization, the probe can detect prokaryotes in general or mycoplasmas specifically.
Burnout impulse may be thrust misalignment in disguise.

Torque-free precession of spin stabilized spacecraft, showing thrust misalignment as cause for final burnout impulse
Empirical model for the molar rotations of syn-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanes.

A useful method for the prediction of molar rotation ([Φ]) of syn-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanes (acetonides) is described. A series of acetonides were prepared by standard methods. A simple additive re...
Applying authorization to intranets: architectures, issues and APIs

There are a number of proposed solutions to solve the Intranet authorization problem. They fall into two categories: architectures for providing an authorization framework, and generic authorization application programmer interfaces (APIs) for allowing applications access to the authorization services. This paper examines the leading initiatives in these areas: DCE, SESAME and Windows2000 as authorization frameworks and the GSS-API, GAA-API and AZN-API. The paper stresses the important issues related to implementing an authorization service.
An efficient arithmetic Sum-of-Product (SOP) based multiplication approach for FIR filters and DFT

In this paper, we present an arithmetic Sum-of-Product (SOP) based approach to implement an efficient Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) as well as an FIR filter circuit. Our SOP based DFT engine uses an improved column compression algorithm, and also handles the sign of the input efficiently. The partial products of the computation are compressed down to 2 operands, which are then added using a single hybrid adder (which is comprised of a ripple carry adder for the early-arriving lower-order bits, a Kogge-Stone adder for the slower middle bits, and a carry-select adder for the early-arriving higher order bits). The DFT can also be cast as an instance of the Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) problem. We compare our SOP-based DFT implementation with the RAG-n approach, the best in-class existing implementation for the MCM problem. RAG-n utilizes a cascade of adders, and attempts to heuristically minimize the number of adders by sharing them across different computations of the DFT. We implemented both approaches using a 45 nm cell library, and demonstrate that our approach yields a faster DFT engine (by about 12–13%), with a small (about 5%) area penalty and a significantly better algorithmic runtime. Our approach is able to complete for DFT problems with a much higher bit precision than the RAG-n approach. The approach of our paper is generalized to implement digital filters as well, and we demonstrate that our approach realizes FIR filters with hard-to-implement coefficients with a 4× speedup and 1.4× area penalty compared to two recent adder-cascade based approaches [1].
Fibre Optics In Automobiles

Optical fibres are used in three application areas in automobiles. Illumination of the dashboard is done with a single lamp and monofilament fibres or woven tapes which illuminate the front panel. Fibre-optic multiplexing can replace the conventional wiring harness. Different trial systems (two-fibre links, bidirectional transmission, star-coupled architecture) are reviewed. Problems still exist in component performance, high costs and unknown reliability of optoelectronic systems. Fibre-optics are also used in sensors; for headlight monitoring, liquid-level sensing and other applications.
Structure of transient oxides formed on nicrai alloys

It is one of the three objectives of the present study to document the fine internal structure of the transient scales in order to clarify the development of the stable alpha-Al2O3 from a structural point of view. Another objective is concerned with the origin of features found in the mature alpha-Al2O3 scales, such as voids, taking into account an examination in the early stages of oxidation. The third objective is to relate any difference in scale structure caused by oxide adherence additives (Y or Zr) to the current oxide adherence theories. The primary effect of short-time oxidation on the NiCrAl substrate structure is found to be production of dislocations and aluminum-depleted phases. The random alpha-Al2O3 scale is the primary oxide phase observed in contact with the metal.
Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma and follicular lymphoma arising in the scalp after treatment for lymphoma

Sir,We describe an unusual co-localisation of two malignancies forming a so-called ‘collision tumour’. Although the development of epithelial malignancies of the skin following the diagnosis and tr...
Self-referred versus court-referred sexually deviant patients: Success with assisted covert sensitization

The present study examined the difference in compliance and outcome measures in the treatment of self-referred versus court-referred sexual offenders. Self-referred patients entered therapy of their own accord while court-referred patients entered therapy under coercion from a legal source. Four separate groups of patients were identified: self-referred pedophiliac, court-referred pedophiliac, self-referred exhibitionist, and court-referred exhibitionist. The major treatment approach employed was “assisted” covert sesitization, though a variety of adjunctive therapies were also utilized. Compliance and outcome measures were evaluated at the end of treatment (approximately 6 months) and again at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30-month follow-ups. Results indicated that treatment was effective across all four groups with no significant differences between self-referred and court-referred patients. The results indicate that the same techniques successfully applied to voluntary patients with maladaptive sexual approach behaviors can also be applied to an involuntary population as well.
Pair Bonding as an Organizational Model for Integrating Research on Close Relationships

(1994). Pair Bonding as an Organizational Model for Integrating Research on Close Relationships. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 58-61.
Pollen biology of ornamental ginger (Hedychium spp. J. Koenig)

An improved in vitro pollen germination assay was developed to assess the viability of stored Hedychium pollen. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10, 15, and 20%, w/v) on pollen germination and tube growth was evaluated for Hedychium longicornutum and two commercial Hedychium cultivars, ‘Orange Brush’ and ‘Filigree’. Overall, the inclusion of PEG 4000 in the medium improved both pollen germination and tube growth for the three different genotypes tested and the results varied depending on genotype. In vitro germination was used to assess the viability of Hedychium pollen stored up to two months. Pollen nucleus status was determined for four Hedychium cultivars, ‘Orange Brush’, ‘Anne Bishop’, ‘Filigree’, and ‘Daniel Weeks’. Pollens of ‘Orange Brush’, ‘Anne Bishop’, and ‘Daniel Weeks’ were found to be binucleate but ‘Filigree’ was shown to possess both binucleate and trinucleate pollens. High pollen:ovule ratio values were obtained in several Hedychium taxa. The results obtained on the nuclear pollen status and pollen:ovule ratios will further our understanding of the pollination biology and help clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of Hedychium species. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Simulated spaceflight produces a rapid and sustained loss of osteoprogenitors and an acute but transitory rise of osteoclast precursors in two genetic strains of mice

Loss of skeletal weight bearing or skeletal unloading as occurs during spaceflight inhibits bone formation and stimulates bone resorption. These are associated with a decline in the osteoblast (Ob.S/BS) and an increase in the osteoclast (Oc.S/BS) bone surfaces. To determine the temporal relationship between changes in the bone cells and their marrow precursor pools during sustained unloading, and whether genetic background influences these relationships, we used the hindlimb unloading model to induce bone loss in two strains of mice known to respond to load and having significantly different cancellous bone volumes (C57BL/6 and DBA/2 male mice). Skeletal unloading caused a progressive decline in bone volume that was accompanied by strain-specific changes in Ob.S/BS and Oc.S/BS. These were associated with a sustained reduction in the osteoprogenitor population and a dramatic but transient increase in the osteoclast precursor pool size in both strains. The results reveal that bone adaptation to skeletal unloading involves similar rapid changes in the osteoblast and osteoclast progenitor populations in both strains of mice but striking differences in Oc.S/BS dynamics, BFR, and cancellous bone structure. These strain-specific differences suggest that genetics plays an important role in determining the osteoblast and osteoclast populations on the bone surface and the dynamics of bone loss in response to skeletal unloading.
Cascade Cyclization To Produce a Series of Fused, Aromatic Molecules

An efficient synthesis of fully aromatic, fused-ring, monoaza-acenes through a nucleophile initiated cascading cyclization is illustrated. Photophysical properties of the resulting molecules are reported.
Sequence-directed nanolithography of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles on singel chains of DNA

We demonstrate the sequence-specific patterning of nanoparticles via the hybridization of functionalized complementary probes to surface-bound stretched single chains of double-stranded DNA. Once these probes are in place, we attach the desired particles through molecular recognition with the probe’s functional group. This approach allows the assembly of any particle that can be coupled to a molecular recognition moiety such as biotin or antibodies. The one-dimensional array of particles that results can range over tens of microns with nanometer resolution in the placement of individual particles. In addition, several different particles can be assembled into a one-dimensional array by a judicious choice of molecular-recognition chemistry. Specifically, we assembled metals, semiconductors, and a composite of both to form heterostructures on single chains of DNA. This approach provides a new way to assemble solid-state devices and biosynthetic hybrid systems on the nanoscale.
Static-Kinetic Friction Transition Using a Proposed Slip Function

This paper considers the contact between two nominally flat rough surfaces. The rough surface interaction is viewed as a multi-sphere elastic interaction which upon external application of a tangential force would exhibit partial or full slip depending on the magnitude of the applied tangential force. Constitutive relation proposed by Mindlin at small scale, governing asperity interaction, is used along with the method proposed by Greenwood and Williamson to obtain the large scale slip function through a statistical summation of asperity scale events. The slip function establishes the fraction of asperity contact in full slip. The complement of the slip parameter is a fraction of asperities in partial slip. Through slip function it is shown that it is possible to define a slip condition for the entire surface. The derivation of the slip function allows the account of transition between static friction and kinetic friction. The use of the slip function is demonstrated in the dynamic response of a block in friction contact at the rough surface interface with a flat wherein the static-kinetic friction transition is correctly addressed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Dioxygen-activating bio-inorganic model complexes

The study of model compounds continues to significantly contribute to our understanding of the role of transition metals at the active sites of enzymes. Recent advances in the field include the use of mimics for enzymes that activate dioxygen, as dioxygen is not only manipulated in nature but also has industrial significance in metal-catalyzed oxidations of organics. Copper, nonheme and heme iron coordination complexes have been used to mimic reversible dioxygen-binding by the three classes of blood-oxygen carriers - hemocyanin, hemerythrin and hemoglobin/myoglobin - while functional mimics of oxygenases and oxidases with copper and iron have also provided key insights into important dioxygen activation processes.
Word recognition and comprehension skills in hyperlexic children.

Abstract Five hyperlexic boys (4–5 to 10-1 years), who had been diagnosed with infantile autism or pervasive developmental delay in early childhood, were evaluated. Measures of intelligence, single-word recognition and comprehension, and picture naming were administered to determine the precocity or deficiency of reading recognition and comprehension, the underlying mechanisms of oral reading, and possible parallels with the acquired dyslexia subtypes. The results indicated that hyperlexia may be operationalized as unexpected reading precocity as compared to IQ; however, reading comprehension was not unexpectedly deficient. The phonological route to reading appeared to be preferred to the lexical route, and the overall pattern of performance most closely paralleled that of the surface dyslexic subtype.
Invisible Infrastructure and the City The Role of Telecommunications in Economic Development

This article explores the linkage between telecommunications infrastructure and high-tech industry growth in cities of two metropolitan areas, Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minnesota and Phoenix, Arizona. Results indicate that cities with greater telecommunications capacity are more likely to have positive growth in high-tech industry and all sectors analyzed. Yet, the results also suggest that while we often think of high-tech industry as a single entity, it is important to disaggregate the industry to determine whether certain production processes and services make the firm react differently to telecommunications as a location factor. Where high-tech firms are locating and the degree to which telecommunications infrastructure is attractive to these firms is of great import given that cities desire to take part in the New Economy. The findings suggest that local policy makers may have more success in attracting high-tech business that fit the city’s current telecommunications profile.
Interocular transfer in albino rats as a function of forebrain or forebrain plus midbrain commissurotomy

Abstract An attempt was made to determine whether interocular transfer of a black-white discrimination would be blocked by section of interhemispheric pathways. Thirty-six albino rats were equally divided into three surgical treatment groups: sham-operate, corpus callosum-section, or corpus callosum-plus superior colliculus- and posterior commissure-section. Before statistical analyses of the behavioral data were performed, the animals were reassigned to appropriate groups based upon histological examination of the lesions. The multiple-commissurotomized animals showed nearly complete incidental section of hippocampal and habenular commissures, while the callosal-sectioned and sham-operated animals had comparatively little incidental damage. The callosal-sectioned and sham-operated animals exhibited interocular transfer of a black-white discrimination, although the callosal-sectioned animals showed less transfer than the sham operates. The multiple-commissurotomized animals showed no transfer; they also made reliably more errors during acquisition via the second eye (i.e., during the test for transfer) than either the sham operates or corpus callosal-sectioned animals. These results are comparable to previous research on cats. In addition, there were no differences in the initial rates of acquisition of the black-white discrimination between the three groups; these data suggest that section of the commissures does not impair the normal mechanisms needed to acquire the discrimination.
Effect of stage of the estrous cycle on interval to estrus after PGF2α in beef cattle

Abstract Effect of stage of the estrous cycle at the time of prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) (b) injection on subsequent reproductive events in beef females was studied in four trials involving 194 animals. Cycling animals were given two injections of 25 mg PGF 2α 11 days apart or, in some cases, the interval was altered to allow the second injection to fall on a specific day of the cycle. Day of estrous cycle at time of the second injection was determined by estrous detection. Interval from the second PGF 2α injection to the onset of estrus (interval to estrus) was shorter (P 2α injection on either day 7 or day 14 declined linearly (P 2α injection had no effect on rate of progesterone decline, even though heifers injected on day 7 had a shorter (P 2α injection were treated on days 5 through 8 of the cycle, indicating that PGF 2α was less effective in regressing the corpus luteum between days 4 and 9 of the cycle than later in the cycle.
Tyrosine kinase and ornithine decarboxylase activation in children with helicobacter pylori gastritis

H. pylori infection has been considered a risk factor for the development of gastric malignancy. Ornithine decarboxylase and tyrosine kinases activities are increased in patients with colon or esophageal cancer. In this study we compared the ODC and tyrosine kinases activities in the gastric mucosa of children with H. pylori infection and normal mucosa. Gastric biopsies were prospectively collected from children during routine upper endoscopic procedure. H. pylori infection was determined histologically. Biopsies were analyzed for ODC activity, total tyrosine kinases activities, and for the activity of protooncogene tyrosine kinase pp60(c-src). The mean ODC activity (pmol 14CO2/mg. protein/hr) and total tyrosine kinases activity (pmol 32P/mg. protein) were 186 and 5877 for H. pylori infected mucosa; and 229 and 4300, for normal mucosa, respectively (p> 0.05). Tyrosine kinase pp60(c-src) protein levels were similar between H. pylori infected mucosa and normal mucosa (3.12 and 2.15 pmol 32P/mg. protein, respectively; p>0.05). There was no correlation between gastric inflammation and the level of ODC or tyrosine kinase activities. ODC and tyrosine kinase activities in the gastric mucosa are similar in children with H. pylori infection compared to normal mucosa. The data suggest that these enzymes cannot be used as markers for future cancer development in children.
ASPECTS OF THE MORPHOLOGIC DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDOCOWPOX VIRUS.

Characteristics of the development of pseudocowpox virus were studied. Virus replication in the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine was determined as well as the incorporation of tritium-labeled thymidine into infected cells. The morphologic development of pseudocowpox virus was found to be similar to others of the pox group with one exception. Large concentric whorls of smooth-walled membranes with associated particles that stain densely with uranyl acetate were seen in the cytoplasm of infected cells. These structures are thought to be a unique feature of virus development.
Response of nitric oxide production to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in turkey and chicken peripheral blood monocytes

We evaluated the innate immune response to various synthetic CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) by measuring nitric oxide production in the peripheral blood monocytes from turkey poults. The results indicate that the presence of the CpG dinucleotide in ODNs was a prerequisite for activation of turkey monocytes and induction of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. CpG motifs and sequence structure of the ODNs were also found to influence stimulatory activity greatly. The most potent CpG ODN to induce NO synthesis in turkey monocytes was human-specific CpG ODN M362, followed by CpG ODN 2006 (human), CpG ODN#17 (chicken) and CpG ODN 1826 (mouse). The optimal CpG motif for NO induction was GTCGTT. Phosphorothioate modification of CpG ODNs also significantly increased stimulatory activity. Compared with chicken monocytes, turkey monocytes appeared to be less sensitive to CpG motif variation, whereas chicken monocytes were found to respond more strictly to human-specific CpG ODNs or ODNs that contain GTCGTT motifs.
High mobility group box 1 promotes endothelial cell angiogenic behavior in vitro and improves muscle perfusion in vivo in response to ischemic injury.

Objectives The angiogenic drive in skeletal muscle ischemia remains poorly understood. Innate inflammatory pathways are activated during tissue injury and repair, suggesting that this highly conserved pathway may be involved in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. We hypothesize that one of the endogenous ligands for innate immune signaling, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in combination with autophagic responses to hypoxia or nutrient deprivation, plays an important role in angiogenesis. Methods Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia (1% oxygen). Immunocytochemical analysis of HMGB1 subcellular localization, evaluation of tube formation, and Western blot analysis of myotubule light-chain 3I (LC3I) conversion to LC3II, as a marker of autophagy, were conducted. 3-Methyladenine (3MA), chloroquine, or rapamycin were administered to inhibit or promote autophagy, respectively. In vivo, a murine hind limb ischemia model was performed. Muscle samples were collected at 4 hours to evaluate for nuclear HMGB1 and at 14 days to examine endothelial density. Perfusion recovery in the hind limbs was calculated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). Results Hypoxic ECs exhibited reduced nuclear HMGB1 staining compared with normoxic cells (mean fluorescence intensity, 186.9 ± 17.1 vs 236.0 ± 1.6, P = .01) with a concomitant increase in cytosolic staining. HMGB1 treatment of ECs enhanced tube formation, an angiogenic phenotype of ECs. Neutralization of endogenous HMGB1 markedly impaired tube formation and inhibited LC3II formation. Inhibition of autophagy with 3MA or chloroquine abrogated tube formation, whereas its induction with rapamycin enhanced tubing and promoted HMGB1 translocation. In vivo, ischemic skeletal muscle showed reduced numbers of HMGB1-positive myocyte nuclei compared with nonischemic muscle (34.9% ± 1.9% vs 51.7% ± 2.0%, P P = .02) at 14 days compared with control hind limbs. Conclusions Nuclear release of HMGB1 and autophagy occur in ECs in response to hypoxia or serum depletion. HMGB1 and autophagy are necessary and likely play an interdependent role in promoting the angiogenic behavior of ECs. In vivo, HMGB1 promotes perfusion recovery and increased EC density after ischemic injury. These findings suggest a possible mechanistic link between autophagy and HMGB1 in EC angiogenic behavior and support the importance of innate immune pathways in angiogenesis.
Part IV: Class II, Class III, and Class IV Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Comparative Efficacy of Drugs, and Effect of Drugs on Mortality — A Review of Their Pharmaco kinetics, Efficacy, and Toxicity*

Part IV: Class II, Class III, and Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, comparative efficacy of drugs, and the effect of drugs on mortality — review of their pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity. This part reviews the Class II antiarrhythmic agents that share the property of beta adrenergic antagonism, but include several drugs with other unique features. Also reviewed are the Class III agents, which prolong the action potential duration, with a focus on amiodarone. The Class IV agents, which antagonize the calcium channel, are reviewed. Finally, this part reviews the comparative efficacy of antiarrhythmic agents for treatment of ventricular ectopic depolarizations and examines their effect on mortality.
Interface Properties Of High Barrier Height MIS Diodes On InP

High barrier height metal-insulator (oxide)-semiconductor diodes were fabricated using Au or Yb on p-InP, and Au or Pd on n-InP. Au oxide is unnecessary for p-InP whereas a chemically-grown oxide on n-InP produces a barrier height as high as 0.859eV. Ellipsometry and ESCA were used to determine oxide thickness of about 40A and a mixed composition. Current-voltage-temperature data reveal different conduction mechanisms depending on structure and temperature. Certain conditions suggest a surface state recombination due to a 0.4eV level above the valence band. Operation under steady for-ward or reverse bias stabilizes diodes with thermal oxide on n-InP but shows some degradation with chemical oxides.
Group intervention with children of parents with aids

This paper describes a format for group intervention with children of parents with AIDS. Therapeutic factors specific to group work with these children and special issues regarding AIDS are discussed. The stages of development of such groups are outlined, with particular attention paid to themes of grief and loss. Suggestions for future work in this area are given.
Ultrastructural study of the teleost fish kidney

Abstract The ultrastructure of the stroma and vascularization of hematopoietic tissue in the kidney of two fresh water teleost fish are described. The presence of reticular and phagocytic reticular cells, similar to those in the bone marrow of higher vertebrates, and sinusoids and thin-walled arteries, support the idea of a phylogenetic relationship between this organ and the bone marrow. The kidney does not appear to be homologous with mammalian lymph nodes.
PROMOTION OF GROWTH OF PREPUTIAL GLANDS BY STEROIDS AND THE PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE1

IN THIS paper it will be demonstrated that the preputial glands of the hypophysectomized rat grow in response to steroids possessing the same molecular features which evoke growth in the prostate. Unlike the prostatic glands of the female rat, the preputial glands are constantly present. These giant sebaceous glands are useful indicators in the biological assay in the female rat of steroids with androgenic activity. There are important synergistic relationships between steroids and pituitary proteins in the promotion of growth so that hypophysectomy is necessary for the precise characterization of growth as induced by steroids. The growth promoting effects of steroids upon preputial glands have not been examined systematically. Korenchevsky, Dennison and Simpson (1935) discovered that both androsterone and androstenediol caused growth of the preputial glands whilst estrone neither induced growth nor blocked the stimulatory effects of androsterone. In addition Korenshevsky (1939) found that growth of the p...
Comparisons of CapG and gelsolin-null macrophages: demonstration of a unique role for CapG in receptor-mediated ruffling, phagocytosis, and vesicle rocketing

Capping the barbed ends of actin filaments is a critical step for regulating actin-based motility in nonmuscle cells. The in vivo function of CapG, a calcium-sensitive barbed end capping protein and member of the gelsolin/villin family, has been assessed using a null Capg allele engineered into mice. Both CapG-null mice and CapG/gelsolin double-null mice appear normal and have no gross functional abnormalities. However, the loss of CapG in bone marrow macrophages profoundly inhibits macrophage colony stimulating factor–stimulated ruffling; reintroduction of CapG protein by microinjection fully restores this function. CapG-null macrophages also demonstrate ∼50% impairment of immunoglobulin G, and complement-opsonized phagocytosis and lanthanum-induced vesicle rocketing. These motile functions are not impaired in gelsolin-null macrophages and no additive effects are observed in CapG/gelsolin double-null macrophages, establishing that CapG function is distinct from, and does not overlap with, gelsolin in macrophages. Our observations indicate that CapG is required for receptor-mediated ruffling, and that it is a major functional component of macrophage phagocytosis. These primary effects on macrophage motile function suggest that CapG may be a useful target for the regulation of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
Children's Sensitivity to Ulterior Motives When Evaluating Prosocial Behavior

Reasoning about ulterior motives was investigated among children ages 6–10 years (total N= 119). In each of two studies, participants were told about children who offered gifts to peers who needed help. Each giver chose to present a gift in either a public setting, which is consistent with having an ulterior motive to enhance one’s reputation, or in a private setting, which is not consistent with having an ulterior motive. In each study, the 6- to 7-year olds showed no evidence of understanding that the public givers might have ulterior motives, but the 8- to 10-year olds rated the private givers more favorably. In Study 1, the older children were more likely than the younger children to refer to impression management when explaining their judgments of the givers. The younger children who mentioned impression management did so to justify a preference for public givers (e.g., by explaining that public givers are nicer because more of their peers will know that they are nice). Results from Study 2 suggest that developmental change in children’s reasoning about intentions and social outcomes contributes to their understanding of ulterior motives.
Self-intersections of random walks on discrete groups

For a random walk on a finite group, the distribution after n steps will converge, as n →∞, to the uniform distribution (under mild conditions). The asymptotic behaviour of such walks can be studied easily using standard Markov chain theory. But there are many natural problems about the non-asymptotic behaviour which have no simple solution in general. For example, what is the time until a specified element is first visited? the time until all element have been visited? the time until the distribution approaches the uniform distribution?
Economical and Robust Provisioning of N-Tier Cloud Workloads: A Multi-level Control Approach

Resource provisioning for N-tier web applications in Clouds is non-trivial due to at least two reasons. First, there is an inherent optimization conflict between cost of resources and Service Level Agreement (SLA) compliance. Second, the resource demands of the multiple tiers can be different from each other, and varying along with the time. Resources have to be allocated to multiple (virtual) containers to minimize the total amount of resources while meeting the end-to-end performance requirements for the application. In this paper we address these two challenges through the combination of the resource controllers on both application and container levels. On the application level, a decision maker (i.e., an adaptive feedback controller) determines the total budget of the resources that are required for the application to meet SLA requirements as the workload varies. On the container level, a second controller partitions the total resource budget among the components of the applications to optimize the application performance (i.e., to minimize the round trip time). We evaluated our method with three different workload models -- open, closed, and semi-open -- that were implemented in the RUBiS web application benchmark. Our evaluation indicates two major advantages of our method in comparison to previous approaches. First, fewer resources are provisioned to the applications to achieve the same performance. Second, our approach is robust enough to address various types of workloads with time-varying resource demand without reconfiguration.
Data based interval controller design

In control synthesis, it is important for the designer to have a set of stabilizing controllers within which performance specifications are to be attained. Typically a controller can be parametrized by its transfer function coefficients and often it is desired that these be allowed to vary in independent intervals, that is an interval controller family is desired. In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing an interval controller family that stabilizes an LTI plant. A nice feature of the solution is that the only information required is the frequency response (Nyquist/Bode) of the plant to be controlled. This data is often available for real world plants. The technique is analytical, model-free and is applicable to controllers of any order. Due to the complex nature of stabilizing regions in controller parameter space, typically non-convex and not-connected, we employ a box-like structure of controller sets centered around a nominal stabilizing controller. The result obtained here is a vertex result in conjunction with a simple phase condition. The result is extended to find a set satisfying a given performance specifications. Examples are given for illustration.
Serum anti-immunoglobulins in psoriatic arthritis as compared with rheumatoid arthritis.

Serum anti-immunoglobulins of IgG, IgA and IgM types were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, patients with psoriatic arthritis, and normal subjects by absorption on cross-linked IgG, with subsequent elution. Relatively elevated values of all three types of serum anti-immunoglobulins were found in seropositive rheumatoids, and elevated values of anti-immunoglobulins of the IgG type were found in seronegative rheumatoids. Values in patients with psoriatic arthritis fell within the normal range.
The Contribution of Genetic Resources and Diversity to Wheat Production in the Punjab of Pakistan

The ability to meet the world’s growing food demand dramatically improved with the release of modern semidwarf or “green revolution” wheat varieties in the early 1960s. Despite initial and subsequent success in improving yield potential and yield stability, maintaining disease resistance, and improving other plant characteristics, the green revolution has provoked criticism and debate. A major issue in this debate concerns the effect of scientific plant breeding technology on crop genetic diversity, which is believed to have important implications for global and national food security and producer welfare.
Synergistic Effect of Propranolol and Nicotinic Acid on the Inhibition of Plasma Free Fatty Acid Release in the Dog

Fatty acid mobilization was effected in 24 anesthetized dogs by infusion of norepinephrine over a four-hour period. Infusions of propranolol and nicotinic acid at various doses, individually and in combination, were added and free fatty acid levels were serially determined. Synergistic action of the two agents was apparent in that minimally effective concentrations of the two agents when used in combination suppressed the release of free fatty acids to 29 percent of levels achieved with norepinephrine (1,186 µEq/L). and 70 percent of levels in saline control animals (501 µEq/L). Large individual doses were no more effective than low doses used in combination. The synergistic action of propranolol and nicotinic acid in the suppression of free fatty acid mobilization may be explained by the action of these two agents on the inhibition of the adenyl cyclase system of the adipose tissue cell. This synergistic action in reducing plasma free fatty acids and their effect on lipid synthesis would allow the use of smaller doses that could reduce the risk of side effects.
microRNA evolution and expression analysis in polyploidized cotton genome

Summary Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the most important fibre plant in the world, is a tetraploid species, originating from the reunion of two ancestral cotton species ~1–2 million years ago. It has been reported that a great number of genes were quickly erased or preferentially remained after whole-genome duplication, ultimately leading to morphogenesis evolution. However, microRNAs (miRNAs), a new class of gene regulators, have not been well studied in polyploidization. Here, we systematically investigated miRNA evolution amongst cultivated upland cotton G. hirsutum (AADD) and its two ancestors, G. arboreum (AA) and G. raimondii (DD). Our results show that certain highly conserved miRNAs were likely to be lost, whereas certain were remained after genome polyploidization. Cotton-specific miRNAs might undergo remarkably expansion, resulting in overall miRNA increase in upland cotton. Based on the sequenced genomes of G. arboreum and G. raimondii, we are capable for the first time to categorize the origin of miRNAs and coding genes in upland cotton. Different genome-derived miRNAs and miRNA*s displayed asymmetric expression pattern, implicating their diverse functions in upland cotton. No miRNA targeting preference was observed between different genome-derived miRNAs. The origin of miRNAs and coding genes has no impact on becoming miRNAs and their targets, despite some miRNAs and their targets are extremely conserved in the three cotton species. GO- and KEGG-based analysis of conserved miRNAs show that conserved miRNAs and their targets participate in a series of important biological processes and metabolism pathways. Additionally, A-derived miRNAs might be more responsible for ovule and fibre development.
Developing and evaluating hospital information systems based on a firm understanding of data-base systems.

(1981). Developing and evaluating hospital information systems based on a firm understanding of data-base systems. Medical Informatics: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 251-263.
The Congressional Experience: Third Edition

The Congressional Experience: Third Edition. By David E. Price. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004. 336p. $25.00 paper. Rarely do we have an opportunity to see the intimate workings of one of our major political institutions through the eyes of not just a participant but a participant who is a political scientist as well. And that is probably both the strength and weakness of the third edition of this excellent memoir by David Price. His account of running for and serving in Congress is often, at the same time, too in depth and too superficial to find the right audience.
Well-Established and Empirically Supported Behavioral Treatments for Migraine

This paper provides an overview of the well-established and empirically supported behavioral interventions for the treatment of migraine. The considerable evidence base addressing behavioral interventions amassed since 1969 has conclusively established the efficacy of therapies featuring combinations of relaxation, biofeedback, and stress management training, and demonstrated they are capable of yielding benefits on par with pharmacological therapies for migraine. Behavioral interventions also are well suited for delivery across a variety of different contexts (e.g., group vs. individual, standard clinic vs. limited therapist contact, face-to-face vs. technology-assisted). Despite the amply established efficacy and effectiveness of these self-management interventions for the treatment of migraine, the availability and implementation of these approaches remain limited for many headache sufferers. We anticipate the technological advances in delivery platforms will provide better access to behavioral self-management strategies for migraine.
Gravity Anomalies and Flexure of the Lithosphere along the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain

Summary Simple models for the flexure of the lithosphere caused by the load of the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain have been determined for different values of the effective flexural rigidity of the lithosphere. The gravity effect of the models have been computed and compared to observed free-air gravity anomaly profiles in the vicinity of the seamount chain. The values of the effective flexural rigidity which most satisfactorily explain both the amplitude and wavelength of the observed profiles have been determined. Computations show that if the lithosphere is modelled as a continuous elastic sheet, a single effective flexural rigidity of about 5 x loz9 dyne-cm can explain profiles along the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain. If the lithosphere is modelled as a discontinuous elastic sheet an effective flexural rigidity of about 2 x lo3' dyne-cm is required. Since the age of the seamount chain increases from about 3 M y near Hawaii to about 70 My near the northernmost Emperor seamount these results suggest there is apparently little decrease in the effective flexural rigidity of the lithosphere with increase in the age of loading. This suggests the lithosphere is rigid enough to support the load of the seamount chain for periods of time of at least several tens of millions of years. Thus the subsidence of atolls and guyots along the chain is most likely to be regional in extent and is unlikely to be caused by an inelastic behaviour of the lithosphere beneath individual seamounts.