cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hospital Admission Medication Lists With Primary Care Physician and Outpatient Pharmacy Lists

Purpose: Medication reconciliation is a process to reduce errors and harm associated with loss of medication information as the patient enters and moves through the healthcare system. This study examines medication list accuracy upon hospital admission. Design: This prospective study enrolled 75 English-speaking medical and surgical patients (18 years of age or older) who were taking prescription medications. The study took place at a rural, tertiary teaching hospital in the northeastern United States. Data collection occurred from November 2006 to March 2009. Methods: Nursing admission team medication lists were reconciled with primary care physician (PCP) and outpatient pharmacy (OP) lists. Outcome measures were accuracy of medication history generated by admission nurses (ANs) compared with PCP and OP lists, and identification of factors influencing probability of accurate medication list generation by ANs. The Generalized Estimating Equations modeling approach was used to compare AN, OP, and PCP medication list accuracy. Additionally, sex and age were analyzed as covariates and included in the model. Findings: Forty-five males and 30 females (N= 75) with a mean age of 60 years (SD 15) participated. Fifty-seven subjects (76%) used over-the-counter or herbal medications, but the AN recorded only 31 (41%) cases. Patients received outpatient care from 1 to 12 providers. Forty patients (67%) obtained medications from one pharmacy, 22 (29%) from two, and 3 (4%) from three pharmacies. OP medication lists were completely accurate more often than PCP but not AN lists (19/75 [25%] OP vs. 6/75 [8%] PCP vs. 14/75 [19%] AN; 95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference [0.07, 0.50]). No difference between AN and PCP list accuracy was found. Completely accurate AN lists were more than twice as likely with male and younger patients (95% CI of the difference [1.07, 6.22] and [0.94, 0.99], respectively). Conclusions: Like other studies, this study showed admission medication reconciliation lists are often inaccurate. Our results suggest that verification of admission medication lists with outpatient provider lists may improve accuracy. Patients, with guidance from outpatient care providers, should assume accountability for maintaining accurate medication lists. A secure, universal, interactive electronic medical record may be a future solution for organizing and sharing medication data between providers. Clinical Relevance: Medication reconciliation upon inpatient admission remains a high-volume and high-acuity problem. We found that not only hospital medication lists, but source lists, including those maintained by the patient, the PCP, and the OP, are vastly inaccurate.
Effect of environmental parameters on the efficiency of biodegradation of basalt rock by fungi

The biodegradation of an aluminum-bearing (basalt) rock by Penicillium simplicissimum has been investigated. This organism grows on a sugar substrate and releases organic acid compounds. These acids interact with the mineral matter and cause their partial decomposition. The dissolved metals are then complexed by the excess organic acids. The activity of the fungi was found to be optimum at an initial pH 7 and in the presence of 5% (w/v) substrate concentration. In 30 days of leaching almost 20% of the aluminum in the rock was solubilized and the pH was decreased from 7 to less than 3.5 in the inoculated flasks. The controls showed less than 1% of the aluminum solubilized and the final pH dropped to only 6.8. A surface characterization study performed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the specific mineralogical phases containing aluminum and iron within this host rock were preferentially corroded. The mineral phases containing olivine and plagioclase were found to be least resistant, while phases containing titanium were most resistant to the acids released by the fungi.
An analysis of grain boundary sliding and grain boundary cavitation in discontinuously reinforced composites

In this study, the creep cavitation and rupture characteristics of polycrystalline matrix material and discontinuously reinforced composites are investigated including grain boundary sliding behavior, reinforcement aspect ratio and interfacial behavior between the reinforcement and surrounding matrix grains. Free sliding of the grain boundaries, a continuous nucleation of the grain boundary cavities, their diffusional growth and coalescence to form grain boundary facet cracks are fully accounted for in the analyses. The results indicate that, with sliding grain boundaries, the stress enhancement factor for the composites is much higher than the one observed for the matrix material and its value increases with increasing reinforcement aspect ratio, reduction in the matrix grain size and sliding interfacial behavior between the reinforcement and the matrix. For the composites, the influence of grain boundary sliding on the creep life is reduced by the stress concentration effect that is seen at the end of the reinforcements. In contrast with the behavior of polycrystalline matrix material in composites after the formation of the first facet crack, resulting from the coalescence of the cavities, a significant time is required for the formation of the other grain boundary facet cracks across the ligament to cause final rupture. The results also show that experimentally observed higher creep exponents or stress dependent creep exponent values in discontinuously reinforced composites can occur as a result of creep damage evolution behavior.
Paracrine Inducers of Uterine Endometrial Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase Gene Expression during Early Pregnancy in the Pig

The endogenous factors that underlie the transient induction of the gene encoding spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), the rate-limiting enzyme in cellular polyamine catabolism, in pig uterine endometrium during periimplantation are not known. The present study examined a number of peptide growth factors and regulatory molecules that are present within the uterine environment at early pregnancy, coincident with maximal SSAT gene expression, for their ability to manifest endogenous SSAT gene-inducing activity. Basal SSAT expression in luminal epithelial cells was higher (p < 0. 01) than that for glandular epithelial (GE) or stromal (ST) cells. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; 50 ng/ml) had no effect on steady-state SSAT mRNA levels, but it increased mitogenesis in all three cell types. In contrast, IGF-I caused a marked induction (p < 0.01) of SSAT mRNA levels in the human endometrial carcinoma cell line Hec-1-A. Uterine explants incubated with interleukin-6, transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor (each at 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml), retinoic acid and retinol (each at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 microM), and estradiol-17beta (10 nM) had SSAT mRNA levels similar to controls. By contrast, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF; at 10 and 100 ng/ml) caused a modest, but significant (p < 0.05), increase in SSAT mRNA levels over those of untreated explants. This effect of LIF, however, did not approach the level of induction observed in GE or ST cells after addition of medium conditioned by Day 12 or 17 porcine conceptuses and in endometrial explants supplemented with medium conditioned by Day 21 porcine conceptuses or a continuous cell line (Jag-1) derived from Day 14 porcine trophoblast. We suggest that transient induction of endometrial SSAT gene expression at implantation is mediated by the functional interactions of specific conceptus-derived regulatory factors, distinct from estrogen, with endometrial-derived factor(s) such as LIF. These complex interactions are probably requisite for the transient, yet dramatic, induction of SSAT gene expression and may be critical for successful implantation.
Response of advance reproduction of oaks and associated species to repeated prescribed fires in upland oak-hickory forests, Missouri

The Chilton Creek prescribed burn project was initiated in 1996 by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to restore native oak woodlands and test the effect of frequent, low intensity surface fires conducted in the dormant season (March–April) on upland oak-hickory forests in the Ozarks of Missouri. Burning treatments on five sites totaling 1000 ha were initiated in 1998. The prescribed burn treatments included: annual burns (one site was burned annually) and periodic burns (four sites were burned with a mean fire return interval of approximately 4 years). Approximately 3000 stems of advance reproduction with basal diameters 615.0 cm were measured in 1997 (pre-burn), and remeasured in 1998, 2001 and 2007 as the prescribed burn treatments proceeded. Mortality and changes in average and aggregate total height between 1997 and 2007 were analyzed for fourteen selected tree species. Over a ten-year period prescribed burning reduced stem density, mean height and aggregate height by 57%, 36% and 67%, respectively. However, individual tree species responded differently to the repeated burns. Oaks exhibited moderate mortality (36–54%) compared to hickories, sassafras and winged elm, all of which experienced relatively low mortality (18–35%). Flowering dogwood, shortleaf pine, blackgum and other minor species incurred higher mortality (60–76%). Oaks generally had slightly lower reductions in mean height and aggregate height than associated species with the exception of shortleaf pine, but the differences were mostly non-significant. Repeated burning tended to favor the white oak species (white oak, post oak, chinkapin oak) more than the red oak species (black oak, scarlet oak), although the differences were minor. Shortleaf pine was the only species to show increases in mean height following the
STUDIES ON VITAL STAINING : V. DOUBLE STAINING WITH BRILLIANT VITAL RED AND NIAGARA SKY BLUE. CORRELATION OF HISTOLOGICAL WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA.

Vital staining reactions of brilliant vital red and Niagara sky blue are studied in dogs and in rabbits. Either dye alone is taken up to form red or blue granules within the cytoplasm of macrophages and of certain other cell types. When the two dyes are injected simultaneously into the blood stream one finds that these cells build up granules which are purple from admixture of the two dyes. When several daily injections of one dye are followed by several daily injections of the other, one finds blue granules and red granules side by side within the cells, but no purple granules are found. This is thought to indicate that the dye is deposited in small foci which are active in a rather transitory way, and that the color of the granule is determined during its formative stage by the type of dye present in the fluids about the cell. The enlargement of phagocytic cells and the increase in their number with large dosage, or with repeated offerings of the dye, represents a method by which the cells maintain their phagocytic powers at the normal level. Evidence is offered to indicate that these and perhaps other compensatory changes may take place with great rapidity, so that it has been impossible to "block" or even reduce noticeably the ability of these cells to take up additional quantities of dye. Certain pitfalls in the experimental study of "blockade" are pointed out.
The relationship between root hydraulics and scion vigour across Vitis rootstocks: what role do root aquaporins play?

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) and long- (2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Numerical simulations of a gravity wave event over CCOPE. Part II: Waves generated by an orographic density current

A mesoscale numerical model and detailed observations are used to investigate the generation and maintenance of a mesoscale gravity wave event observed in eastern Montana on 11 July 1981 during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE). It is shown that the interaction between an orographic density current and a mountain barrier leads to the generation of the gravity waves. The simulation results suggest the following four-stage conceptual model. During stage I, shortly after sunset, the remnant up-branch of a thermally driven upslope flow east of the Rockies was driven back toward the mountain by the pressure gradient force associated with a cool pool over North Dakota. The nocturnal stable layer over eastern Montana was strengthened during passage of this density current. During the 1‐2-h transition period of stage II, the advancing density current became blocked as it encountered the higher terrain. An isentropic ridge developed above the original warm lee trough due to strong adiabatic cooling caused by the sustained upward motion in the presence of orographic blocking. During stage III, an even stronger upward motion center formed to the east of the density current head updraft in response to an eastward horizontal pressure gradient force produced by the isentropic ridge. In stage IV, as the density current head collapsed and downward motion developed to the west of the original updraft in quadrature phase with the isentropic perturbation, a gravity wave was generated. This wave propagated eastward with the mean wind (opposite to the motion of the earlier density current) and was maintained by the strong wave duct established earlier by the density current. Thus, the mountain‐plains circulation may at times generate mesoscale gravity waves (and deep convection) hours after diurnal heating has ended.
Association between television viewing and poor diet quality in young children.

Objective. To examine the association between television/video (TV) viewing and markers of diet quality among 3-year-old children. Methods. We studied 613 boys and 590 girls, age 3 years old, who w...
Protozoan Response to the Addition of Bacterial Predators and Other Bacteria to Soil

Representatives of several categories of bacteria were added to soil to determine which of them might elicit responses from the soil protozoa. The various categories were nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria, prey bacteria for these predators, indigenous bacteria that are normally present in high numbers in soil, and non-native bacteria that often find their way in large numbers into soil. The soil was incubated and the responses of the indigenous protozoa were determined by most-probable-number estimations of total numbers of protozoa. Although each soil was incubated with only one species of added bacteria, the protozoan response for the soil was evaluated by using most-probable-number estimations of several species of bacteria. The protozoa did not respond to incubation of the soil with either Cupriavidus necator, a potent bacterial predator, or one of its prey species, Micrococcus luteus. C. necator also had no effect on the protozoa. Therefore, in this case, bacterial and protozoan predators did not interact, except for possible competition for bacterial prey cells. The soil protozoa did not respond to the addition of Arthrobacter globiformis or Bacillus thuringiensis. Therefore, the autochthonous state of Arthrobacter species in soil and the survival of B. thuringiensis were possibly enhanced by the resistance of these species to protozoa. The addition of Bacillus mycoides and Escherichia coli cells caused specific responses by soil protozoa. The protozoa that responded to E. coli did not respond to B. mycoides or any other bacteria, and vice versa. Therefore, addition to soil of a nonsoil bacterium, such as E. coli, did not cause a general increase in numbers of protozoa or in protozoan control of the activities of other bacteria in the soil.
Absorption length for photon propagation in highly dense colloidal dispersions

The absorption length for photon propagation in highly concentrated colloidal dispersions calculated from temporal intensity profiles of 100 femto-second pulses is much longer than the absorption length obtained from the measurements of static light transmission in the pure continuous phase fluid. The difference between these two values is explained on the basis of small interparticle spacing at high particle concentration and hence shorter paths traveled by photons through the absorbing medium relative to the total diffusive path in the dispersion. The two values are in good agreement when the absorption length is rescaled with the interparticle separation.
The role of pitch in the discrimination of voice quality

Summary Pitch is an important attribute of a musical sound. With it the melody of a song is established. With it the beauty of a voice is showcased. But how does pitch affect the perception of voice? Is it used to help to distinguish among voices or does it merely exist in the background, affecting the fine details of a voice but not radically altering the voice? The purpose of this paper is to review some of the evidence on the role of pitch in the perception of voice quality; specifically for the discrimination of one voice quality from another. The objective of the discussion is to understand how pitch affects our perception of voice quality and its importance to the perception of musical sound.
Scheduling tasks with mixed preemption relations for robustness to timing faults

This paper introduces and shows how to schedule two novel scheduling abstractions that overcome limitations of existing work on preemption threshold scheduling. The abstractions are task clusters, groups of tasks that are mutually non-preemptible by design, and task barriers, which partition the task set into subsets that must be mapped to different threads. Barriers prevent the preemption threshold logic that runs multiple design-time tasks in the same runtime thread from violating architectural constraints, e.g. by merging an interrupt handler and a user-level thread. We show that the preemption threshold logic for mapping tasks to as few threads as possible can rule out the schedules with the highest critical scaling factors - these schedules are the least likely to miss deadlines under timing faults. We have developed a framework for robust CPU scheduling and three novel algorithms: an optimal algorithm for maximizing the critical scaling factor of a task set under restricted conditions, a more generally applicable heuristic that finds schedules with approximately maximal critical scaling factors, and a heuristic search that jointly maximizes the critical scaling factor of computed schedules and minimizes the number of threads required to run a task set. We demonstrate that our techniques for robust scheduling are applicable in a wide variety of situations where static priority scheduling is used.
Molecular dynamics and in vitro analysis of Connexin43: A new 14-3-3 mode-1 interacting protein.

The interaction of cellular proteins with the gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43) is thought to form a dynamic scaffolding complex that functions as a platform for the assembly of signaling, structural, and cytoskeletal proteins. A high stringency Scansite search of rat Cx43 identified the motif containing Ser373 (S373) as a 14-3-3 binding site. The S373 motif and the second best mode-1 motif, containing Ser244 (S244), are conserved in rat, mouse, human, chicken, and bovine, but not in Xenopus or zebrafish Cx43. Docking studies of a mouse/rat 14-3-3θ homology model with the modeled phosphorylated S373 or S244 peptide ligands or their serine-to-alanine mutants, S373A or S244A, revealed that the pS373 motif facilitated a greater number of intermolecular contacts than the pS244 motif, thus supporting a stronger 14-3-3 binding interaction with the pS373 motif. The alanine substitution also reduced more than half the number of intermolecular contacts between 14-3-3θ and the S373 motif, emphasizing the phosphorylation dependence of this interaction. Furthermore, the ability of the wild-type or the S244A GST-Cx43 C-terminal fusion protein, but not the S373A fusion protein, to interact with either 14-3-3θ or 14-3-3ζ in GST pull-down experiments clearly demonstrated that the S373 motif mediates the direct interaction between Cx43 and 14-3-3 proteins. Blocking growth factor–induced Akt activation and presumably any Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the S373 motif in ROSE 199 cells did not prevent the down-regulation of Cx43-mediated cell–cell communication, suggesting that an Akt-mediated interaction with 14-3-3 was not involved in the disruption of Cx43 function.
Life Cycle Comparison of Coal Gasification by Conventional versus Calcium Looping Processes

This work evaluates the environmental impact of conventional and calcium looping processes implemented with CO2 separation to gain broad insight and identify opportunities for future improvement. These systems are assessed at multiple scales: equipment, value chain and economy, and emissions of CO2, water use, land use, and energy return on investment are estimated. The difference in the energy quality of hydrogen and electricity products is considered in developing aggregate metrics. Calcium looping is found to be superior due to its smaller life cycle impacts. However, this process has a smaller energy return on investment due to the higher energy and resource requirements in the calcination and air separation steps. Future efforts for reducing the energy intensity of these steps by developing new technologies and optimizing existing methods are recommended.
Chronic psychosocial stress exposes Alzheimer's disease phenotype in a novel at-risk model.

Summary of the effects of stress and/or SubAβ on the basal levels of AD- and cognition-related signalling molecules in CA1 area of the hippocampus compared to the control Stress SubA β Str/subA β Full A β p-CaMKII ↓ ↔ ↓ ↓ t-CaMKII ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ Calcineurin ↑ ↔ ↑ ↑ BDNF ↔ ↑ ↑ ↑ p-CREB ↔ ↔ ↓ ↓ t-CREB ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ CaMKIV ↔ ↔ ↓ ↓ BACE ↔ ↔ ↑ ↑ APP ↔ ↔ ↔ NT ↔ no change, ↓ decreased, ↑ increased, NT not tested. Stress: rats were subjected to chronic psychosocial stress before and during infusion of Aβ peptide. SubAβ: rats were intracerebroventricularly infused with non-pathogenic dose of Aβ (160pmol/day) for 14 days (by osmotic pump). Str/SubAβ: chronically stressed SubAβ rats. Full SubAβ: unstressed rats infused with pathogenic dose of Aβ (300 pm/day) for 14 days. Figure 4. (A) Ratio of basal levels of phosphorylated-calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII) to total (t)-CaMKII in area CA1. Values are mean + S.E.M. from 5-7 rats/group. (B) Basal levels of calcineurin in area CA1. Values are mean + S.E.M. from 5-7 rats (*p<0.05 compared to control).
Active G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR), matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP2/9), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (hbEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) are necessary for trenbolone acetate–induced alterations in protein turnover rate of fused bovine satellite cell cultures

Trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, increases protein synthesis and decreases protein degradation in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. However, the mechanism through which TBA alters these processes remains unknown. Recent studies indicate that androgens improve rate and extent of muscle growth through a nongenomic mechanism involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (hbEGF), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2, and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). We hypothesized that TBA activates GPCR, resulting in activation of MMP2/9 that releases hbEGF, which activates the EGFR and/or erbB2. To determine whether the proposed nongenomic pathway is involved in TBA-mediated alterations in protein turnover, fused BSC cultures were treated with TBA in the presence or absence of inhibitors for GPCR, MMP2/9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, or IGF-1R, and resultant protein synthesis and degradation rates were analyzed. Assays were replicated at least 9 times for each inhibitor experiment utilizing BSC cultures obtained from at least 3 different steers that had no previous exposure to steroid compounds. As expected, fused BSC cultures treated with 10 n TBA exhibited increased ( 0.05) effect on TBA-mediated decreases in protein degradation. However, inhibition of both EGFR and erbB2 in the presence of 10 n TBA resulted in decreased ( < 0.05) ability of TBA to decrease protein degradation rate. Additionally, fused BSC cultures treated with 10 n TBA exhibit increased ( < 0.05) pAKT protein levels. These data indicate the TBA-mediated increases in protein synthesis likely involve GPCR, MMP2/9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, and IGF-1R. However, the mechanism through which TBA mediates changes in protein degradation is different and appears to involve only the EGFR and erbB2. Furthermore, it appears the protein kinase B pathway is involved in TBA's effects on fused BSC cultures.
Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li_4Ti_5O_(12) Cathode Material in LiNO_3–TiO_2–Urea System

Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by a combustion method using nano-TiO2 and LiNO3 as raw materials, and characterized by XRD, SEM, constant current charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that when the molar ratio of urea to lithium is 1:1, the preset temperature for muffle furnace 850℃ and calcination time 8 h, the obtained pure phase spinel Li4Ti5O12 with the average particle size of 500 nm has better electrochemical performance. The initial discharge specific capacity of the material is as high as 168 mA·h/g at the current density of 0.1 C(1 C=170 mA·h/g) with a single voltage plateaus at around 1.5 V. The capacity remains 162 mA·h/g after 100 cycles and the retention rate of charged capacity is 96.4%.
Renal Infections and Stones

Infection-induced calculi form as a consequence of urinary infection with urease-producing bacteria. These calculi which represent 15–20% of all renal calculi are composed of struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) alone or in combination with carbonate apatite (Ca10(PO4)6 · CO3).
Risk factors for glomerular injury in rats with genetic hypertension.

Systemic and glomerular hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and massive proteinuria have been described as risk factors for the development of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). Previous studies have shown that Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats with severe hypertension have elevated glomerular pressures and develop extensive FGS. In the present study, we determined whether Dahl S rats exhibit other risk factors for FGS. Dahl S rats were found to have elevated serum triglycerides at six weeks of age, compared to Dahl salt-resistant (R) rats. Between six and 24 weeks, systemic hypertension and progressive increases in both serum lipids and albuminuria occurred in Dahl S rats fed high salt (4% NaCl) chow. No changes in blood pressure or serum lipids occurred in Dahl R rats fed high salt. At 30 weeks, the incidence of FGS was 20 times greater in hypertensive Dahl S than in Dahl R. In a separate study, we compared risk factors for FGS in Dahl S rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The magnitude of glomerular capillary pressure, serum lipid levels, and urine albumin excretion were measured in male Dahl S rats and male SHR between 12 and 20 weeks of age. Normal values for the various parameters were established in a group of normotensive male Sprague-Dawley rats. For this study, all rats were fed standard chow containing 0.6% NaCl. Blood pressure was elevated (P less than .01) in Dahl S (142 +/- 2 mm Hg) and in SHR (173 +/- 3 mm Hg) compared to the Sprague-Dawley rats (117 +/- 3 mm Hg). Glomerular capillary pressure, however, was similar in all three groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laryngeal Carcinoma Nodal Metastases And Their Management

Each of the three embryologically distinct portions of the larynx has a characteristic lymphatic drainage pattern. One section of this article describes these drainage patterns, along with clinical examples. Traditional and contemporary imaging techniques for the neck are included in a second section, and the final section describes the authors' preferences for treatment of the neck with the rationale for this approach.
Mother–Adolescent Proficiency in a Common Language Facilitates Socialization Among Mexican‐Origin Families

The primary goal of this study was to test how mother and adolescent proficiency in a common language moderates the link from parenting to adolescent development. A sample of Mexican-origin fifth-grade adolescents (N = 674, 50% female) was measured longitudinally on self-control and aggression. Mothers were rated on observed positive discipline, warmth, and harsh discipline. Positive discipline and warm parenting predicted increases in self-control and decreases in aggression, but only among mother-adolescent dyads who were proficient in a common language. Harsh parenting predicted decreases in self-control and increases in aggression, but only among dyads who were not proficient in a common language. Similar results were found in a conceptual replication among a second sample of 167 Mexican-origin adolescents.
Hand motion calibration and retargeting for intuitive object manipulation in immersive virtual environments

In this paper a system is proposed to combine small finger movements with the large scale body movements captured from a motion capture system. The strength of the proposed work over previous research is in the real-time and natural interactions that the virtual hands have with their environment. By being able to conform to physics, the virtual hands feel like virtual extensions of one's own hands. This provides a higher degree of immersion and interactivity when compared to more traditional virtual reality systems.
Weight and Veterans' Environments Study (WAVES) I and II: Rationale, Methods, and Cohort Characteristics.

Purpose:To present the rationale, methods, and cohort characteristics for 2 complementary “big data” studies of residential environment contributions to body weight, metabolic risk, and weight mana...
Young Learners' Response Processes When Taking Computerized Tasks for Speaking Assessment.

We investigated how young language learners process their responses on and perceive a computer-mediated, timed speaking test. Twenty 8-, 9-, and 10-year-old non-native English-speaking children (NNSs) and eight same-aged, native English-speaking children (NSs) completed seven computerized sample TOEFL® Primary™ speaking test tasks. We investigated the children’s attentional foci on different test components (e.g., prompts, pictures, and a countdown timer) by means of their eye movements. We associated the children’s eye-movement indices (visit counts and fixation durations) with spoken performance. The children provided qualitative data (interviews; picture-drawings) on their test experiences as well. Results indicated a clear contrast between NNSs and NSs in terms of speech production (large score differences) as expected. More interestingly, the groups’ eye-movement patterns differed. NNSs tended to fixate longer on and looked more frequently at the countdown timer than their NS peers, who were more lik...
Transgender women and HIV-related health disparities: falling off the HIV treatment cascade

Background Transgender women living with HIV infection experience poorer health outcomes across the HIV continuum of care. While disparities are well established, their underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the HIV continuum of care (also known as the HIV treatment cascade), including linkage and engagement in care and health status among transgender women and cisgender women and cisgender men living with HIV. Method: Case-control matching was applied to a cohort of 1101 people living with HIV; 70 transgender women living with HIV were matched on years since testing HIV positive with cisgender women and cisgender men. Participants provided measures indicative of the HIV treatment cascade that included linkage and engagement in care, receiving and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV viral suppression. Common correlates of HIV-related health status: depression symptoms, HIV-related stress, alcohol and drug use, healthcare conspiracy beliefs, medical mistrust, emotional social support and tangible social support, were also assessed. Results: Transgender women were significantly less likely to receive ART, were less adherent to ART and had poorer HIV viral suppression than cisgender persons. Multivariable models demonstrated that health disparities were predicted by transgender women having poorer tangible social support over and above the other correlates of health outcomes. Conclusion: Tangible support is amenable by interventions such as building and strengthening supportive networks and paraprofessional services. Socially supportive interventions should be considered critical in efforts to decrease HIV health disparities among transgender women.
Re-Solution – Katrina Edition: Moving a Face-to-Face Game Online

Every year natural disasters and other large scale human challenges occur that require group cooperation and collaboration to provide the first steps of successful conflict resolution. All too often, stakeholders in these complex dilemmas lack empathy and understanding of others’ interests. This research describes the challenges of adapting a face-to-face game designed to address these issues to an online game called ReSolution. While the game development is still underway, the authors describe their approach to addressing three challenges during this adaptation: 1) maintain personal engagement online, 2) scope the negotiation complexity, and 3) automate personalized feedback and learning.
Farewell to Christine Brooke-Rose

If I had to define one virtue, one characteristic to name in order to define Christine Brooke-Rose, I would borrow the term that she took over from Ezra Pound: ‘Sinceritas.’ in principio ...
Impact of Defects in Powder Feedstock Materials on Microstructure of 304L and 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Recent work in both 304L and 316L stainless steel produced by additive manufacturing (AM) has shown that in addition to the unique, characteristic microstructures formed during the process, a fine dispersion of sub-micron particles, with a chemistry different from either the powder feedstock or the expected final material, are evident in the final microstructure. Such fine-scale features can only be resolved using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or similar techniques. The present work uses electron microscopy to study both the initial powder feedstock and microstructures in final AM parts. Special attention is paid to the chemistry and origin of these nanoscale particles in several different metal alloys, and their impact on the final build. Comparisons to traditional, wrought material will be made.
Nascent Globin Chains from Rabbit Reticulocyte Ribosomes ACCUMULATION OF THE COMPLETED α CHAIN

Abstract Evidence is presented to show that rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes contain a significant component of completed α-globin which is still attached to tRNA (α-globyl-tRNA). Additional data are presented to show that contamination by labeled supernatant hemoglobin or labeled α-globin from the free α-globin pool present in reticulocytes is not a significant factor in these results. Some 4.6% of the nascent α-globin chains are present as α-globin-tRNA, instead of 0.71% as predicted on the basis of the assumption that the size distribution of nascent globin chains is uniform. On the other hand β-globyl-tRNA comprises 0.69% of the nascent β-globin chains. This value coincides closely with the predicted value for nascent β-globin chains uniformly distributed in size along the polysome. Further evidence is presented to show that both α-globyl-tRNA and β-globyl-tRNA exhibit the kinetic properties expected for normal intermediates of soluble hemoglobin biosynthesis following inhibition of the initiation of protein synthesis by pactamycin.
Anti-Glaucoma Agents

Mechanism of Action:Activation of alpha-2 receptors in ciliary body inhibits aqueous secretion. Brimonidine also reported to increase uveoscleral outflow
Factors Related to the Long-Term Course of PTSD in Older Ex–Prisoners of War

This study examined relationships between socioenvironmental factors occurring in later-life and current and changing PTSD symptom levels in a sample of 177 community-dwelling World War II and Korean era ex–prisoners of war. Factors examined included negative life events, negative health events, social support, and death acceptance. PTSD was assessed at Time 1. PTSD and the later-life factors were then assessed 4 years later (Time 2). Cross-sectional analysis examined the relationship of the later-life factors to current PTSD symptomatology. Longitudinal analysis examined their relationship to changing PTSD symptomatology over the 4-year interval. Negative health changes, social support, and death acceptance were significantly related to current and changing PTSD symptomatology, but negative life events were not. The authors conclude that health and psychosocial factors that may occur in later-life can be related to PTSD symptom levels even many decades after a traumatic experience.
Phage-Displayed Libraries for the Selection of Optimal Affinity Peptides for Protein Purification Using Ni-Nitrilotriacetic Acid Chromatography

A random hexapeptide library, cloned in bacteriophage, was used to select affinity peptides using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) columns. The screening protocol was successful by isolating peptides sharing common features and, in most cases, common amino acid sequences were isolated (e.g. WHHHPH, AQHHHH). Ni-NTA chromatography of the fusion phage of the selected peptides exhibited a more homogeneous elution behavior (i.e. elution in one peak) than the most commonly used His6peptide (elution in multiple peaks).
Sections-based bibliographic coupling for research paper recommendation

Digital libraries suffer from the problem of information overload due to immense proliferation of research papers in journals and conference papers. This makes it challenging for researchers to access the relevant research papers. Fortunately, research paper recommendation systems offer a solution to this dilemma by filtering all the available information and delivering what is most relevant to the user. Researchers have proposed numerous approaches for research paper recommendation which are based on metadata, content, citation analysis, collaborative filtering, etc. Approaches based on citation analysis, including co-citation and bibliographic coupling, have proven to be significant. Researchers have extended the co-citation approach to include content analysis and citation proximity analysis and this has led to improvement in the accuracy of recommendations. However, in co-citation analysis, similarity between papers is discovered based on the frequency of co-cited papers in different research papers that can belong to different areas. Bibliographic coupling, on the other hand, determines the relevance between two papers based on their common references. Therefore, bibliographic coupling has inherited the benefits of recommending relevant papers; however, traditional bibliographic coupling does not consider the citing patterns of common references in different logical sections of the citing papers. Since the use of citation proximity analysis in co-citation has improved the accuracy of paper recommendation, this paper proposes a paper recommendation approach that extends the traditional bibliographic coupling by exploiting the distribution of citations in logical sections in bibliographically coupled papers. Comprehensive automated evaluation utilizing Jensen Shannon Divergence was conducted to evaluate the proposed approach. The results showed significant improvement over traditional bibliographic coupling and content-based research paper recommendation.
Convex Penalization in Sparse Recovery

We will discuss the role of penalized empirical risk minimization with convex 3 penalties in sparse recovery problems. This includes the `1-norm (LASSO) penalty 4 as well as strictly convex and smooth penalties, such as the negative entropy penalty 5 for sparse recovery in convex hulls. The goal is to show that, when the target 6 function can be well approximated by a “sparse” linear combination of functions 7 from a given dictionary, then solutions of penalized empirical risk minimization 8 problems with `1 and some other convex penalties are “approximately sparse” and 9 they approximate the target function with an error that depends on the “sparsity”. 10 As a result of this analysis, we derive sparsity oracle inequalities showing the 11 dependence of the excess risk of the empirical solution on the underlying sparsity 12 of the problem. These inequalities also involve various distribution dependent 13 geometric characteristics of the dictionary (such as restricted isometry constants 14 and alignment coefficients) and the error of sparse recovery crucially depends on 15 the geometry of the dictionary.
Cannabinoids, Pain, and Opioid Use Reduction: The Importance of Distilling and Disseminating Existing Data

The high prevalence of chronic pain conditions combined with an over-reliance on opioid prescriptions has resulted in an opioid epidemic and a desperate need for solutions. There is some debate about whether cannabis might play a role in addressing chronic pain conditions as well as the opioid epidemic. Recent surveys suggest that a large number of people are using cannabis as a treatment for pain and to reduce use of opioids, and cannabis-derived products demonstrate at least modest efficacy in the treatment of pain in randomized controlled trials. In addition, surveillance studies from countries that have approved the use of Sativex, which is a cannabis-based product, have demonstrated that a combination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol has low potential for harm, is well tolerated, and is helpful to patients. Given the number of people in the United States who are already using cannabis to manage pain and opioid use in state-regulated markets, it is imperative to conduct additional research in these areas, and to disseminate information on how to minimize harm and maximize any benefits of using cannabinoids to mitigate pain and reduce opioid use. The purpose of this article is to call attention to the fact that cannabis is being used in the management of chronic pain. Thus, this article also provides a set of guidelines on how to approach using cannabis to treat pain.
Contamination of Some Kratom Products with Salmonella.

Objective Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration investigated the contamination of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by Salmonella, an event that caused an outbreak in 20 states after its consumption. Therefore, we investigated 16 different bags of kratom submitted for testing for potential contamination with Salmonella and other microorganisms within the Public Health Laboratory for the state of South Carolina. Materials and methods All kratom powders collected were analyzed for potential contamination with bacteria by an in-house modified Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual Salmonella procedure. Results Out of 16 products analyzed, six brands have unknown manufacturers, but manufacturer information was available for the other 10 products. In total, three brands of kratom showed presence of any Salmonella species. Conclusions Recently analyzed kratom products show a presence of Salmonella.
Port stakeholder perceptions of Sandy impacts: a case study of Red Hook, New York

Understanding the impacts of coastal storm hazards on all maritime port system stakeholders (e.g. operators, tenants, clients, workers, communities, governments) is essential to comprehensive clima...
Drug therapies for chronic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A scoping review

Introduction Most older Americans use drug therapies for chronic conditions. Several are associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Methods A scoping review was used to identify drug classes associated with increasing or decreasing ADRD risk. We analyzed size, type, and findings of the evidence. Results We identified 29 drug classes across 11 therapeutic areas, and 404 human studies. Most common were studies on drugs for hypertension (93) or hyperlipidemia (81). Fewer than five studies were identified for several anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Evidence was observational only for beta blockers, proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. For 13 drug classes, 50% or more of the studies reported consistent direction of effect on risk of ADRD. Discussion Future research targeting drug classes with limited/non-robust evidence, examining sex, racial heterogeneity, and separating classes by molecule, will facilitate understanding of associated risk, and inform clinical and policy efforts to alleviate the growing impact of ADRD.
Current Trends in Artificial Intelligence Application for Endourology and Robotic Surgery

With the advent of electronic medical records and digitalization of health care over the past 2 decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an enabling tool to manage complex datasets and deliver streamlined data-driven patient care. AI algorithms have the ability to extract meaningful signal from complex datasets through an iterative process akin to human learning. Through advancements over the past decade in deep learning, AI-driven innovations have accelerated applications in health care. Herein, the authors explore the development of these emerging AI technologies, focusing on the application of AI to endourology and robotic surgery.
Improved contacts for tandem cells with enhanced effciency grown by D-HVPE

Dynamic hydride vapor phase epitaxy (D-HVPE) has provided a potential route towards lower cost material growth of III-V photovoltaic devices. A highly doped Ga 0.5 In 0.5 P emitter layer is grown in attempt to force passivation at the front of the cell to account for the absence of a suitable window layer in our reactor. Control over dopant diffusion in these materials is thus critical to achieving high-efficiency device performance. Here, we institute a two-step contact layer design that boosts tandem cell efficiencies by minimizing Se diffusion into the underlying emitter layer while still providing sufficiently low contact resistance. Short-circuit current in these devices improves to 8.9mA/cm2in an uncoated GaInP/GaAs cell, an improvement of 1.2 mA/cm2 over our previous best cell. Conversion efficiency with the new contact doping scheme is projected to be ~27% with the inclusion of a standard ARC layer.