cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expressed Humility in Organizations: Implications for Performance, Teams, and Leadership

We draw on eight different lab and field samples to delineate the effects of expressed humility on several important organizational outcomes, including performance, satisfaction, learning goal orientation, engagement, and turnover. We first review several literatures to define the construct of expressed humility, discuss its implications in social interactions, and distinguish expressed humility from related constructs. Using five different samples, Study 1 develops and validates an observer-report measure of expressed humility. Study 2 examines the strength of expressed humility predictions of individual performance and contextual performance (i.e., quality of team member contribution) relative to conscientiousness, global self-efficacy, and general mental ability. This study also reveals that with regard to individual performance, expressed humility may compensate for lower general mental ability. Study 3 reports insights from a large field sample that examines the relationship between leader-expressed humility and employee retention as mediated by job satisfaction and employee engagement as mediated by team learning orientation. We conclude with recommendations for future research.
Janus kinase 3 inhibition with CP‐690,550 prevents allograft vasculopathy

Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) mediates signal transduction from cytokine receptors using the common gamma chain. The rationally designed inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, prevents acute allograft rejection in rodents and in nonhuman primates. Here we investigated the ability of CP-690,550, to prevent allograft vasculopathy in a rodent model of aorta transplantation. Aortas from AxC Irish (RT1(a)) or Lewis (RT1(l)) rats were heterotopically transplanted into the infra-renal aorta of Lewis recipients and harvested at 28 or 56 days. Treated recipients received CP-690,550 by osmotic pumps (mean drug exposure of 110 +/- 38 ng/ml). Significant intimal hyperplasia was demonstrated in untreated allografts when compared with isografts at 28 days (2.08 +/- 0.85% vs. 0.43 +/- 0.2% luminal obliteration, respectively, P = 0.001) and 56 days (5.3 +/- 2.4% vs. 0.38 +/- 0.3%, P = 0.002). Treatment caused a 51% reduction in intimal hyperplasia at day 56. CP-690,550-treated animals also had a significant reduction of donor-specific IgG production and of the gene expression for suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 and with unchanged levels of expression of RANTES, IP-10 and transforming growth factor-beta1. These results are the first to show that JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 effectively prevents allograft vasculopathy in this rat model of aorta transplantation.
Student Success in Intensive versus Traditional Introductory College Chemistry Courses

The goal of this study was to determine whether students would be more successful in a traditional 15-week introductory college chemistry course or an intensive three-week version of the same course. In addition to course format, we also analyzed whether the students’ academic experience (measured as the number of college credit hours taken by these students), life experience (measured as the number of years since the student graduated from high school), academic major (categorized as physical science, life science, or nonscience), and gender had an effect on their success in the class. The results of this study showed that, once corrected for student academic ability, students in the intensive course were more successful in this course than the students in the equivalent traditional course. However, we were unable to show that academic experience, life experience, academic major, or gender had any significant effect on student success in these courses.
A binary star fraction of 76 per cent and unusual orbit parameters for the blue stragglers of NGC 188.

'Blue stragglers' are massive stars in clusters — where all the stars are pretty much the same age — that at their luminosity, should have evolved to become giants and white dwarfs. They are thought to be normal main-sequence stars that have gained mass through either transfer between binary companions or direct collision and merger between two stars. A study of the highly crowded star cluster M 30 suggests that both of these mechanisms are at work during the dramatic phase of the cluster core collapse. Two distinct parallel sequences of blue stragglers are present in M 30, a 'bluer' population arising from direct stellar collisions and a 'redder' one from the evolution of close binaries. Observations of the 21 blue stragglers in the old open cluster NGC 188 show that 16 (76%) are currently in binary systems, a frequency three times that found among normal solar-type main-sequence stars. Most of the NGC 188 blue stragglers are rotating faster than normal main-sequence stars of the same surface temperatures. In News & Views, Melvyn Davies reflects on what these two studies say about the origin of blue stragglers. 'Blue straggler' stars lie on or near the main sequence of star clusters and are sufficiently massive that they should have evolved into white dwarfs long ago. Statistical evidence indicates that in globular star clusters the blue stragglers probably form from binary stars. Here, 76 per cent of the blue stragglers in the open cluster NGC 188 are found to be currently in binary systems, a three times higher frequency than that among normal solar-type main-sequence stars. Blue straggler stars lie on or near the main sequences of star clusters (all members of which formed around the same time), but typically are more luminous than the turn-off stars and therefore long ago should have evolved off the main sequence to become giants and white dwarfs. They are thought to derive from normal main-sequence stars that have undergone a recent increase in mass. Statistical evidence indicates that in globular star clusters the blue stragglers probably form from binary stars1. The specific formation processes, such as mass transfer, mergers or stellar collisions during dynamical encounters of binary stars, remain unresolved. Here we report that 16 of the 21 blue stragglers (76 per cent) in the old (7-Gyr; ref. 2) open cluster NGC 188 are currently in binary systems, a frequency three times that found among normal solar-type main-sequence stars. These blue straggler binaries have a remarkable period–eccentricity distribution, with all but three having orbital periods of ∼1,000 days. Moreover, these stars are rotating faster than normal main-sequence stars of the same surface temperatures. These data show that most, and possibly all, blue stragglers derive from multiple-star systems, and indicate that the several formation processes operate simultaneously. We suggest that rapid rotation of blue stragglers may place upper limits on their ages.
Biomechanics of pulley reconstruction

The biomechanics of the reconstructed flexor retinacular pulley system are poorly defined. We used a mathematical theoretical model, confirmed by a cadaver model, and a clinical radiographic model to evaluate a variety of different joint and pulley combinations. We examined twenty-four sets of radiographs of 12 fingers in 9 patients for whom excursion was measured and predicted by the mathematical model. The 30 pulley combinations evaluated in the in vitro cadaver model showed statistical correlation with the biomechanical mathematical model. Recommendations of clinical application on the basis of this information include the following: (1) Two pulleys should be placed, one proximal and one distal to each joint. (2) These two pulleys should be balanced about the joint axis both in distance from the axis and in pulley height. (3) They should be positioned at the edge of the flare of the metaphysis. (4) The three individual joints can be balanced, one to another, by maintaining minimal bowstringing at all three joints. In this way, the relative excursion at the joint and torque at the joint will be maintained in a physiological ratio as close to normal as possible.
Measurement of urinary TGF-β1 in patients with diabetes mellitus and normal controls

Abstract Objective Increasing evidence links TGF-β1 to progression of renal fibrosis including its association with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Current ELISA assays are not sensitive enough to measure TGF-β1 in the urine of many clinically healthy individuals, even those with established renal disease. The objective of this study was to validate a sensitive urinary assay for TGF-β1 and compare levels between healthy controls and patients with established DN. Design and methods An ELISA method (RD mean ± SD 6.4 ± 11.1 pg/mL). This was significantly lower (p Conclusion We have validated a sensitive ELISA assay for urinary TGF-β1, and demonstrated correlations with the degree of proteinuria and higher levels in patients with DN compared to controls. Additional study will be necessary in order to determine if serial testing can predict renal prognosis independent of known prognostic factors for patients with DN.
Evaluation of radiofrequency pulses and contrast agent doses for use in 3D pulmonary magnetic resonance angiography.

Ten healthy volunteers were imaged with breath-hold, three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) using single-variable-angle uniform signal excitation (VUSE), double-VUSE, and flat radiofrequency (RF) pulses with various doses of contrast agent. The ability of each technique to display pulmonary vasculature was evaluated. Images were segmented to isolate lungs, and maximum intensity projections (MIPs) were computed. All MIPs were assigned an image quality (IQ) rating, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were measured in pulmonary vessels. Without contrast agent, subsegmental vessels were displayed in single- and double-VUSE images while no vessels were visible in flat images. With equal doses of contrast agent, SNRs and IQ ratings were comparable for images obtained with VUSE and flat pulses. In addition, single-VUSE pulses produced more uniform signal from vessels than flat pulses in contrast-enhanced images. The results indicate that non-contrast-enhanced 3D TOF pulmonary MRA with VUSE RF pulses may be a useful screening tool. In addition, contrast-enhanced 3D TOF MRA with VUSE pulses may be useful as a stand-alone technique for assessing the pulmonary vasculature or as an adjunct to contrast-enhanced 3D TOF MRA with flat pulses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 10:929-938, 1999.
The central nervous system in childhood chronic kidney disease

Neurodevelopmental deficits in pediatric and adult survivors of childhood onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been documented for many years. This paper reviews the available literature on central nervous system involvement incurred in childhood CKD. The studies reviewed include recent work in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and neuropsychology, along with commentary on school functioning and long-term outcomes. The paper concludes with suggestions for monitoring the neurodevelopmental status and pursuing appropriate early interventions for children with CKD.
Beer is the cattle of women: sorghum beer commercialization and dietary intake of agropastoral families in Karamoja, Uganda.

Abstract Karimojong agropastoralists of Uganda have employed a dual subsistence strategy of cattle herding and sorghum cultivation to survive in an unpredictable environment, one afflicted by a severe humanitarian crisis. Armed raiding since the 1970s has led to devastating cattle losses, high male mortality, and increased sedentarization of women and children in densely populated homesteads, where infectious diseases and malnutrition rates are prevalent. Fieldwork in 1998–1999 confirmed the detrimental effects of armed raiding on child growth and development. During this period, however, women maintained largely traditional subsistence patterns. Follow-up fieldwork in 2004 revealed surprising subsistence changes: sorghum beer, an important food and ritual item, was being brewed for sale, which had not been noted in previous literature on the Karimojong. We outline the role of beer in the diet by analyzing the nutritional profile of Karimojong women and children, nutrients supplied by beer, and those supplied by foodstuffs purchased with sales profits. Commercial beer supplied from 3 to 6% of energy intake, and grains leftover from brewing (dregs) supplied from 3 to 12%. Selling beer was women's preferred form of casual labor, with differing patterns of participation in brewing between rural and peri-urban areas. Women who were paid in currency relied on profits to purchase nutrient-rich supplemental foodstuffs important in an otherwise marginal diet, as well as beer. The households of women who worked for other brewers or purchased beer wholesale and sold it retail relied heavily on dregs for daily subsistence. Nutrient intake was highest among women with cattle and sorghum who brewed and sold beer from their homesteads, and lowest among women who lacked sorghum and worked for commercial brewers in urban centers. Because nutritional status remains marginal in Karamoja, beer commercialization as a consequence of subsistence changes could have dramatic health consequences for women and children.
Fluorescence and oxygen evolution from Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

Abstract The process of photosynthetic energy conversion in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated by simultaneous measurement of transient and steady-state rates of O2 evolution and fluorescence. 1. 1. Alternation or superimposition of light 1 and light 2 illumination induces both fast and slow changes in fluorescence and rate of O2 evolution. The fast changes are ascribed to changes in conditions of the reaction centers in the context of the Hill-Bendall 1 model and the kinetic analysis of Eley and Myers 2. The slow changes are interpreted as adaptations to the intensity and wavelength of illumination. The adaptive mechanism is described in terms of slow variation in fraction (α) of total absorbed quanta delivered to System 2. At low intensities, the calculated value of α for cells adapted to light 2 illumination (light 2 state) is approx. 0.9 of α for cells adapted to light 1 illumination (light 1 state). 2. 2. An increase in fluorescence yield was found to accompany the decrease in O2 yield at the onset of light saturation with either light 1 or light 2 excitation. Variation in α is proposed to account for the differences between the maximum fluorescence yield observed in steady-state conditions and the 1.5 times higher maximum yield observed in transient conditions or in cells inhibited by 3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Variation in α can also explain the observation of a higher rate of fluorescence emission with light 1 excitation than with light 2 excitation for a given steady-state rate of O2 evolution. 3. 3. A model for energy conversion by System 2 is proposed to account for our observations. The model proposes competitive dissipation of absorbed energy by photochemical trapping at reaction centers and by fluorescence and radiationless de-excitation from both the pigment bed and reaction centers of System 2.
Wanting contact: how to pick up a channel

Because of their transmembrane nature, ion channels are notoriously difficult subjects for high-throughput screening approaches. A new method has been developed that provides a simple, elegant and rapid means for assaying channel function.
Electron irradiation damage in quartz

Abstract Electron irradiation damage in quartz has been studied by transmission dectron microscopy as a function of accelerating voltage from 50650 kV at room temperature. Black spot damage was observed at all voltages, the damage rate being faster at higher accelerating voltages. In the voltage range 50-100 kV, black spots grew in size with time until they became resolvable as dislocation loops. However, in the higher voltage range, 350-650 kV, they were not clearly resolvable as dislocation loops Additional irradiation at all voltages gradually induced a crystalline-to-amorphous transition when the irradiated area became featureless and the crystalline diffraction pattern was replaced by amorphous rings. It was observed that the dose required for the transformation increased approximately linearly with increasing accelerating voltage. These results are discussed in terms of displacement damage and ionization damage processes.
World Health Organization Reform: Lessons Learned from the Ebola Epidemic

It was October 2014, and Ebola was raging out of control in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Margaret Chan, the World Health Organization's director-general, defended the organization against charges that its response was late and ineffective: “We are a technical agency, with governments having first priority to take care of their people.” In January 2015, the WHO executive board undertook a systematic reform of the agency's performance, and Chan again offered a defense: I followed protocol, leaving it to the Africa office (AFRO) to respond. Yet the three nations could not possibly have stemmed the outbreak alone, and AFRO was known to be dysfunctional. Ebola represents an inflection point requiring fundamental reform for the WHO. A failure of leadership will impact its status and legitimacy for a generation. Here, I offer five reforms that would transform it and ensure that it fulfills its constitutional mission as “the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.”
Development of analog/hybrid terminals for teaching system dynamics

A recent study completed by the School of Engineering at North Carolina State University brought to light a very serious weakness in our program to employ computers in the engineering curricula, i.e., the inherent limitation on student/computer interaction with our batch, multiprogrammed digital system. The primary digital system available to students and faculty is the IBM SYSTEM 360/Model 75 located at the Triangle Universities Computation Center in the Research Triangle area. This facility is shared with Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. In addition, the Engineering School operates a small educational hybrid facility consisting of an IBM 1130 interfaced to an EAI TR48 analog computer. We use some conversational mode terminals on the digital system but it has been our experience that they are of limited value in the classroom and, of course, only accommodate on the order of two students per hour.
Serious psychological distress and its associations with body mass index: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Objectives: To examine the associations of body mass index (BMI) with serious psychological distress (SPD) after taking into consideration the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs), lifestyle factors, or emotional support.
Predictors of proximal vs. distal colorectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Because proximal colorectal cancers have a tendency to present at a more advanced stage and thus have a poorer prognosis, it is important to understand the factors associated with the development of proximal colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that older age, female gender, and the presence of comorbid illness would be associated with proximal cancers. METHODS: Incident cases of colorectal cancer (n=9,550) occurring in 1994 were identified from Florida's population-based statewide cancer registry. We categorized colorectal cancers as either proximal (cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon) or distal (descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectosigmoid, and rectum). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the multivariable relationship between clinical characteristics and the odds of a proximal-occurring lesion. RESULTS: Four characteristics emerged as independent predictors of a proximal lesion. Each year of increasing age was associated with a 2.2 percent increase in the odds of a proximal lesion, whereas female gender was associated with a 38 percent increase in the odds of a proximal lesion. The presence of a comorbid condition was associated with a 28 percent greater odds of a proximal lesion, and, finally, black, non-Hispanic race was associated with a 24 percent greater odds of a proximal lesion. CONCLUSIONS: We found that increasing age, female gender, black, non-Hispanic race, and the presence of comorbid illnesses were factors associated with a greater likelihood of developing colorectal cancer in a proximal location. Further studies will be required to confirm these findings and to establish the mechanism by which comorbidity influences the site of colorectal cancer development.
Four Techniques for Reducing Pseudovolunteering

-This study examined the effectiveness of four techniques for reducing pseudovolunteering: signing-up for research participation and not showing up. 117 undergraduate students participated in a reminder tab, reminder telephone call, immediate additional credit, personal solicitation, or control condition as part of their research participation. Chi-squared analyses indicated that, compared to the control group, only phone calls were effective in improving rate of showing up. Implications for obtaining a desired sample size are discussed.
The Contribution of Previous Contact and Personality Traits to Severe Mental Illness Stigma

A number of research studies document that less personal contact with those with a severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with greater SMI stigma, but a large proportion of the explanation for stigma remains unaccounted for. The purpose of this study was to replicate whether previous contact is associated with stigma and examine whether personality traits could account for stigma beyond previous contact. In this study, 605 college students completed measures of previous contact, personality traits, and three aspects of mental illness stigma. Less previous contact, lower openness to experience, and lower agreeableness were associated with one or more aspects of stigma. Hierarchical regression analyses supported that openness significantly accounted for mental illness stigma beyond the contribution of previous contact. These results are critical to better understanding how SMI stigma develops and who may be more likely to develop such attitudes.
Epidemiology of stroke after cardiac surgery in the current era

Objective Previous studies of the epidemiology of stroke in patients undergoing cardiac surgery have been based primarily on patients having coronary bypass surgery and therefore have limited applicability to the more heterogenous populations seen in the current era. We examine the epidemiology of stroke after cardiac surgery in a contemporary surgical population. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted of a prospective database of 5085 adults (coronary bypass 2401, isolated valve 1003, valve/coronary bypass 546, thoracic aorta 517, transplant/assist device 179, adult congenital 124, other 315) who had cardiac surgery at a single institution over a 6-year period (1998–2004). Results Stroke occurred in 134 (2.6%) patients. Incidence varied according to procedure (coronary bypass 1.7%, isolated valve 1.8%, valve/coronary bypass 4.4%, and ascending aorta 4.6%). Patients who had a stroke had a higher perioperative mortality rate than that of patients who did not (32.8% vs 4.9%; P P Conclusions We have demonstrated a relatively low incidence of stroke in a diverse contemporary cardiac surgical cohort. By enabling preoperative identification of patients at risk, our logistic model has the potential to improve preoperative patient counseling and selection and could help to define high-risk cohorts for research into stroke prevention.
Winds from the North: Tewa Origins and Historical Anthropology

Review of Winds from the North: Tewa Origins and Historical Anthropology . Scott G. Ortman. 2012. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Pp. 520, 51 illustrations, 25 maps, 54 tables . $70.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978-1-60781-172-5 .
Theory Development via Single Cases: A Case Study of the Therapeutic Relationship in Psychodynamic Therapy

The goals of this paper are (a) to demonstrate how study of the therapeutic alliance in single cases of psychodynamic therapy can exemplify and instantiate theoretical concepts and lead to the development or refinement of psychotherapy theory, research and practice, as illustrated in the case of Ron and in Hans Strupp's classic analyses of pairs of comparable successful and unsuccessful cases; (b) to point out methodological challenges of case studies as a source of reliable and valid data; and (c) to illustrate the greater influence of clinical case studies compared to research reviews of the psychotherapy literature on the practitioner.
Self-Assembly of Discoidal Phospholipid Bilayer Nanoparticles with Membrane Scaffold Proteins

Nanoparticulate phospholipid bilayer disks were assembled from phospholipid and a class of amphipathic helical proteins termed membrane scaffold proteins (MSP). Several different MSPs were produced in high yield using a synthetic gene and a heterologous expression system and purified to homogeneity by a one-step purification. The self-assembly process begins with a mixture of the phospholipid and MSP in the presence of a detergent. Upon removal of detergent, 10-nm diameter particles form containing either saturated or unsaturated phospholipid. The ratio of components in the initial mixture was found to be crucial for formation of a monodisperse population of nanoparticles. Exploration of the phase diagram of the lamellar to phospholipid−detergent mixed micelle transition reveals that self-assembly proceeds from the mixed micellar phase. In this case a homogeneous and monodisperse population is formed. In contrast, particle formation from the detergent−phospholipid lamellar phase results in altered size, y...
Scintillation detectors for neutron physics research

The characteristics of scintillation detectors for neutron physics such as efficiency, timing resolution, size, pulse height resolution, backgrounds, are reviewed. Solid and liquid organic scintillation detectors are now widely used for neutrons from 10 keV to 200 MeV. Detailed calculations and measurements of the pulse height distributions and efficiencies for several organic scintillation detectors are presented. 6Li glass scintillation detectors are valuable as neutron flux monitors and as efficient neutron detectors below 10 keV. Problems associated with these 6Li glass scintillation detectors are discussed. Examples of many scintillation detectors in use today are described.
Comment: Analyzing propensity score matched count data

We offer an explanation to the simulation result of Austin (2009) regarding rate ratios, and argue that unmatched analysis of propensity score matched count data results in conservative statistical inferences on the rate ratios.
Increase in adrenal monoamine oxidase activity in hypophysectomized rats after ACTH.

Adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment of hypophysectomized rats caused no changes in adrenal catecholamine content but caused a significant increase in the activity of adrenal monoamine oxidase, catechol-O-methyl transferase and other medullary enzymes. Dexamethasone treatment of such animals, on the other hand, caused an increase in adrenal catecholamine content and in adrenal phenylethanol-N-methyl transferase activity only; the activity of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase remained reduced after dexamethasone. It appears that enhanced activity of monoamine oxidase and probably catechol-O-methyl transferase in the adrenal gland is responsible for the failure of adrenal catecholamine to rise after ACTH treatment in hypophysectomized rats.
TU-C-218-02: Effective Oncology Physics Education

The education of medical physicists has historically been quite varied and medical physicists have entered the field through several pathways including specialized educational programs, postdoctoral fellowships, and on‐the‐job training. It is argued that the contributions of viewpoints from different branches of physics has contributed to the development of novel solutions and advances in radiation oncology. However, there also has been an effort recently to make graduateeducation of medical physicists more consistent and uniform, particularly for the preparation of clinically oriented therapy physicists. The trend towards a more systematic approach has been guided in part by the requirements for graduate program accreditation developed by CAMPEP and by the requirements for medical physicist certification by the ABR. At the same time, there has been criticism of this approach as being too confining and guiding graduates toward a career as technicians rather than independent thinkers. Educational programs have had to balance the requirements of accreditation and certification against the goal of preparing students for careers as independent researchers. Three speakers will describe the approaches taken by their graduateeducational programs to meet the requirements of CAMPEP and adequately prepare graduates for certification by the ABR, while maintaining a commitment to providing a comprehensive education in medical physics. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the requirements for graduate program accreditation 2. Understand the education and experience requirements for certification 3. Learn the approaches taken by several graduate programs to meet the requirements for accreditation and certification while providing a comprehensive education in medical physics
The infant with single ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow: results of a strategy of pulmonary artery division and shunt

Abstract Background . The infant with a single ventricle and excessive pulmonary blood flow requires early protection of the pulmonary vascular bed to insure suitability for a subsequent Fontan procedure. The traditional approach, pulmonary artery banding, has had disappointing results. We have pursued an alternate strategy: division of the pulmonary artery, and placement of a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt. Potential sites of systemic outflow tract obstruction are simultaneously bypassed, by either a Damus-Kaye-Stansel, or modified Norwood procedure. Methods . From January 1996 to June 2001, 22 infants were treated by this strategy. Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were excluded. Median age was 18 days (range 2 days to 6 months). In addition to pulmonary artery division and shunt, 3 of 22 patients underwent a Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure, and 13 of 22 patients underwent a modified Norwood procedure. Results . There were no operative deaths, and one late death. Actuarial survival beyond 30 months was 90%. At follow-up catheterization in 22 patients, median transpulmonary gradient was 7 mmHg (range 4 to 18), and median pulmonary vascular resistance 1.9 Wood units (range 0.9 to 3.3). Twenty-one patients have undergone a subsequent bidirectional superior cavopulmonary connection, and 6 a Fontan procedure, with no deaths. No patient developed subaortic stenosis, or aortic arch obstruction. Neoaortic insufficiency was none or trivial in 12 patients, mild in 3, and moderate in 1. Conclusions . In patients with a functional single ventricle and excessive pulmonary flow, a strategy of pulmonary artery division and shunt, along with prophylactic bypass of systemic outflow obstruction, carries low operative and midterm mortality. It provides consistent protection of the pulmonary vascular bed, avoids subaortic stenosis and aortic arch obstruction, minimizes neoaortic insufficiency, and ensures suitability for progression along a Fontan pathway. These results provide a comparison for alternate strategies, including pulmonary artery banding.
MCF-7 breast cancer cells overexpressing transfected c-erbB-2 have an in vitro growth advantage in estrogen-depleted conditions and reduced estrogen-dependence and tamoxifen-sensitivity in vivo

Ac-erbB-2 expression vector was transfected into the estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line to determine if overexpression of this transmembrane tyrosine kinase could increase the malignant phenotype of this cell line. Loss of transfectedc-erbB-2 expression was observed when cells were carried in medium containing estrogen. Homogeneous populations stably overexpressing levels of the 185 kDac-erbB-2 observed in the SKBR-3 a breast cancer cell line which overexpressesc-erbB-2 as a result of gene amplification could be obtained by continually maintaining the transfected cell lines in estrogen-free conditions. Levels of constitutively activatedc-erbB-2 varied among clonal isolates. Whereas some over-expressing lines did acquire the ability to form transient tumor nodules in ovariectomized nude mice without estrogen supplementation, as well as in mice that received the antiestrogen tamoxifen, one cell line that exhibited the highest levels of constitutively activatedc-erbB-2 was able to form static tumors of a larger size under both conditions. This same cell line formed progressively growing tumors in estrogen-supplemented mice that were much larger than observed in mice injected with control cell lines, and also showed reduced sensitivity to antiestrogensin vitro, but it continued to have a low metastatic phenotype. These results suggest that signal transduction mediated by thec-erbB-2 tyrosine kinase can partially overcome the estrogen dependence of ER+ breast cancer cells for growth and thatc-erbB-2 overexpression confers a selective advantage to such cells in the absence of estrogen.
Aberrant emotional processing in posterior cortical midline structures in bipolar II depression

Bipolar II depression is a serious and disabling illness associated with significant impairment and high rates of suicide attempts. However, mechanisms underlying emotional dysregulation in this condition are poorly characterized. The goal of this work was to investigate one component of emotional processing in this disorder, brain activation associated with exposure to emotional faces. Functional MRI was used to study 16 unmedicated male subjects with bipolar II depression and 19 healthy male controls. The activation paradigm exposed subjects to happy, fearful and neutral faces. The two key findings of this study were as follows. First, bipolar subjects demonstrated significantly decreased activation in response to happy facial expression in the left posterior cortical midline structures (CMS) and frontal cortex. Second, depression severity was positively correlated with activation of the posterior CMS and other regions. Our results suggest that mechanisms involving CMS dysfunction may play a role in the neurobiology of bipolar II depression as has been demonstrated for unipolar illness. Further investigations of CMS function in bipolar spectrum disorders are warranted.
Sensitivity analysis in time-dependent quantum scattering theory

We introduce a sensitivity analysis which is framed within time-dependent quantum scattering theory. By making use of certain properties of the evolution operator we are able to identify an attractive result for the first-order sensitivity of the state-to-state transition probability with respect to the variation of an arbitrary input parameter. The result involves forward- and backward-propagated wavepacket vectors which are accumulated in time with the parameter derivative of the system Hamiltonian matrix.
Optimizing a Collaborative Filtering Recommender for Many-Core Processors

The web is moving from an era of "search" to that of "discovery". Collaborative filtering (CF) recommender systems are now commonly used to predict user's preference towards an unknown item from past ratings. To be scalable or effective, they are typically deployed in distributed clusters and operate on extremely large apriori datasets. Improvement of the efficiency of these systems is increasingly recognized important and challenging. Meanwhile, emerging many-core processors present an opportunity to optimize these systems on a per-node basis. We identify and address challenges in fast computation of correlations by maximizing data locality and minimizing communication cost between individual cores. We experiment run-time, power and energy consumed on: (1) Intel's experimental single chip cloud computer (SCC), (2) NVIDIA's CUDA-enabled GPGPU co-processor and (3) traditional server class x86 processor. We achieve super linear speedups (~30x), reduction in energy consumption (~90%) for benchmark workloads. Introduction of this design in CF systems can significantly reduce the number of servers required in a data center, energy consumption, operation costs and floor area bringing in significant savings.
On Cache-Aware Task Partitioning for Multicore Embedded Real-Time Systems

One approach for real-time scheduling on multicore platforms involves task partitioning, which statically assigns tasks to cores, enabling subsequent core-local scheduling. No past partitioning schemes explicitly consider cache effects. We present a partitioning scheme called LWFG, which minimizes cache misses by partitioning tasks that share memory onto the same core and by evenly distributing the total working set size across cores. Our implementation reveals that LWFG improves execution efficiency and reduces mean maximum tardiness over past works by as much as 15% and 60%, respectively.
Effect of surface resistances on the diffusion of binary mixtures in the silicalite single crystal membrane.

Diffusion of methane and argon mixtures through the silicalite single-crystal membrane is studied using the dual-control volume-grand canonical molecular dynamics method to understand how surface resistances alter selectivity and permeance. Comparison of results from intracrystalline transport and entrance simulations for binary mixtures of CH4 and Ar shows that the selectivity of silicalite membranes toward Ar is enhanced in the presence of the surface resistances. In both cases, however, diffusion of faster Ar molecules was inhibited by slower diffusing CH4 molecules, whereas diffusion of the latter remained unaffected. This behavior was explained by the difference between the magnitudes of surface resistances for two molecules, which is much smaller for Ar because of its smaller permeant−crystal interaction size. We find that selectivity of the membrane at the surface depends strongly on total feed pressure and temperature, whereas this dependence is weak for intracrystalline diffusion. Furthermore, we...
Chlorophyll-porphyrin heterodimers with orthogonal π systems: Solvent polarity dependent photophysics

The synthesis and properties of a series of fixed-distance chlorophyll-porphyrin molecules are described. These molecules consist of a methyl pyrochlorophyllide a moiety which is directly bonded at its 2-position to the 5-position of a 2,8,12,18-tetraethyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethyl-15-(p-tolyl)porphyrin. Steric hindrance between adjacent substituents rigidly positions the {pi} systems of both macrocycles perpendicular to one another. The macrocycles were selectively metalated with zinc to give the four possible derivatives, HCHP, ZCHP, HCZP, and ZCZP, where H, Z, C, and P denote free base, Zn derivative, chlorin, and porphyrin, respectively. The lowest excited singlet states of HCHP and ZCHP, which are localized on HC and ZC, respectively, exhibit lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields that are solvent polarity independent and do not differ significantly from those of chlorophyll itself. ZCZP, however, displays a lowest excited singlet state and lifetime and fluorescence quantum yield that are strongly solvent polarity dependent.
The juvenile death penalty: A frustrated society's attempt for control

The United States is alone among western industrialized nations in allowing a provision for the juvenile death penalty. Specifically, 92% of the juveniles presently sentenced to death were convicted under a felony-murder doctrine which eliminates the state's burden of proving the mens rea requirement for murder. The high rate of felony-murder convictions of juveniles on death row is highly inconsistent with theories of punishment which have traditionally been used to support the death penalty.
Laser-induced plasma in aqueous media: numerical simulation and experimental validation of spatial and temporal profiles

A numerical study of spatial and temporal distribution of a Gaussian-pulsed laser-induced plasma in distilled water is conducted in order to understand the resulting electron density distribution within the plasma plume. The primary motivation behind this study is the recent impetus on laser-induced plasma in the field of microfabrication, where prediction of geometric feature information is paramount to understanding material removal and overall process performance. This simulation predicts the distribution of plasma energy density, absorption coefficient, and laser intensity within the focal region by using a 3D axisymmetric model. The model can be adapted to other nonaqueous condensed media and different laser wavelengths and pulse widths. This numerical model was experimentally validated by an ultrafast gated camera and an external power meter by measuring the plasma energy and residual intensity, respectively. The model and the experimental data show similar qualitative trends in plasma energy density as the beam power is increased. Also the residual intensity data obtained from the model is within 10% of the experimental data for near-threshold intensities and within 40% for super-threshold intensities. The outcomes of this model can be further used as an input for a hydrodynamic model to predict the behavior of the condensed medium or for a thermomechanical model to predict material removal characteristics of the plasma.
Bicycle boulevards and changes in physical activity and active transportation: findings from a natural experiment.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates changes in physical activity and active transportation associated with installation of new bicycle boulevards. METHODS: This natural experiment study uses data from a longitudinal panel of adults with children (n=353) in Portland, OR. Activity and active transportation outcomes were measured with GPS and accelerometers worn for up to 5days in 2010-11 and 2012-13. The effect of the treatment was estimated using difference in differences estimation and multivariate regression models. RESULTS: In five of the seven models, the interaction term was not significant, indicating that after controlling for the main effects of time and exposure separately, there was no correlation between being in a treatment area and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, bicycling >10min, walking >20min, minutes of walking (if >20), or making a bike trip. Significant covariates included rain, being female, living closer to downtown, and attitudes towards bicycling, walking, and car safety. CONCLUSION: This study could not confirm an increase in physical activity or active transportation among adults with children living near newly installed bicycle boulevards. Additional pre/post studies are encouraged, as well as research on the length of time after installation that behavior change is likely to occur. Language: en
On the feasibility of peer-to-peer web indexing and search

This paper discusses the feasibility of peer-to-peer full-text keyword search of the Web. Two classes of keyword search techniques are in use or have been proposed: flooding of queries over an overlay network (as in Gnutella), and intersection of index lists stored in a distributed hash table. We present a simple feasibility analysis based on the resource constraints and search workload. Our study suggests that the peer-to-peer network does not have enough capacity to make naive use of either of search techniques attractive for Web search. The paper presents a number of existing and novel optimizations for P2P search based on distributed hash tables, estimates their effects on performance, and concludes that in combination these optimizations would bring the problem to within an order of magnitude of feasibility. The paper suggests a number of compromises that might achieve the last order of magnitude.
Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia in Patients Receiving Home Intravenous Infusion Therapy

Background:Vancomycin is frequently used to manage serious resistant gram-positive Infections. Neutropenia, whose epidemiology has not been well characterized, is a potentially serious adverse event associated with the use of vancomycin.Objective:To characterize the incidence and risk factors for development of vancomycin-induced neutropenia in patients treated with home intravenous vancomycin therapy.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients receiving vancomycin therapy through the University of New Mexico Home Intravenous Infusion Clinic between January 1998 and December 2004. Data collection included demographics, comorbid conditions, dose and duration of vancomycin therapy, indications for vancomycin use, vancomycin concentrations, all concurrent medications, laboratory data, culture and susceptibility data, reasons for antibiotic alteration or discontinuations, all other recorded adverse events, management of adverse events, and outcomes of adverse events.Results:A total of...
HF SChEMe: a skywave channel error model

Simulation has been extensively employed to evaluate concepts included in the current generation of automatic link establishment (ALE) high-frequency (HF) radio systems. As development of HF automation proceeds from link-layer technology to network- and higher-layer technology, it is no longer necessary to devote great amounts of computer time to detailed simulation of the physical medium. Instead, the error behavior of the medium should be abstracted so that simulation resources may be concentrated on the phenomena of interest at these higher protocol layers. In this paper, a model of channel error behavior is derived that accurately captures the operation of the ALE modem operating over Gaussian noise and skywave channels. When this model is employed in place of detailed simulation of the modem and channel, an overall simulation speedup of two orders of magnitude results. >
Why Do National Labor Market Practices Continue to Diverge in the Global Economy? The “Missing Link” of Investment Rules*

AbstractHow are we to understand what appear to be persistent differences in national economic practices? One way is through an analysis of the politically constructed “rules” that have been develo...
Action of cytochalasin D on cells of established lines. I. Early events.

HeLa, Vero, L, HEp2, and MDBK cells respond immediately to 0.2–0.5 µg/ml cytochalasin D (CD) with sustained contraction (contracture), loss of microvilli, expression of endoplasmic contents (zeiosis), nuclear protrusion, and extension of cytoplasmic processes. The development of these changes is depicted, and the dose-response patterns in these cell lines are described. MDBK is generally most resistant and HeLa most sensitive to these effects of CD. Cells in G1 are most sensitive to CD; responsiveness decreases progressively during early S and is least in mid S through G2. CD inhibits transport of [14C]deoxyglucose in HeLa by about 45% but has no significant effect on hexose uptake in Vero and MDBK; sugar transport is thus apparently unrelated to any morphologic effect of CD. Although spreading and attachment are impeded, CD does not decrease and may even enhance the adhesiveness of established monolayers. Contraction appears to be a primary early effect of CD, upon which other visible changes follow. It is prevented by some inhibitors of energy metabolism (deoxyglucose and dinitrophenol) and does not occur in glycerinated models without ATP. The possible bases of the contractile response to CD are discussed. Although direct or indirect action of CD on some microfilaments may occur, a generalized structural disruption of contractile filaments by CD is considered unlikely.