cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of height on power density in spiral-wound power-pot-core transformers

The effect of height on power density in spiral-wound power-pot-core transformers is examined for the practical range of power, frequency, loss, and volt-per-turn. Relevant mechanical and electrical equations are derived and applied to an optimization algorithm that searches for the design that maximizes the power density at a given height. It has been found that the curves of power density versus height exhibit a peak (on the order of 1000 W/in/sup 3/ in several cases) at a critical height between 0.25 and 0.3 in. Below this critical height, the power density decreases drastically. >
Another Lesson From the Factor V Leiden Mouse Thrombin Generation Drives Arterial Disease

The discovery of activated protein C (APC) resistance by Dahlback in 19931 was a milestone in thrombophilia research that led to major advances in our understanding of the biochemistry, genetics, and clinical manifestations of hypercoagulability. APC resistance was quickly demonstrated to be caused by a single point mutation (1691G→A) in the coding region of the factor V gene.2 This mutation, factor V Leiden, is now known to be the most prevalent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in people of European descent, occurring in 3% to 15% of the general population in Europe and North America.3 These observations ushered in a new era in the clinical evaluation of thromboembolism. For the first time, it became possible to diagnose a genetic defect (with a defined biochemical mechanism) in a substantial fraction of patients with venous thrombosis. Before the discovery of factor V Leiden, hereditary risk factors could be identified in <5% of patients presenting with VTE, even when a strong family history of thrombosis was obtained. In the current era, with widespread availability of genetic testing for factor V Leiden and another common hereditary risk factor, prothrombin 20210G→A,4 it is now possible to identify a genetic thrombophilic factor in 10% to 20% of unselected patients with VTE and up to 50% of patients with familial thromboembolism.5 See p 1822 The factor V Leiden protein contains glutamine instead of arginine at amino acid 506, which is a key site of cleavage by APC. This substitution confers resistance to APC and leads to increased thrombin generation through 2 mechanisms: (1) decreased APC-mediated inactivation of the procoagulant form of factor V (factor Va), and (2) decreased APC-mediated conversion of factor V to an anticoagulant form (factor Vac) that functions as a …
Control of thermal ignition in gasoline engines

In this paper a model based controller is designed to regulate the crank angle of 50% fuel burned (CA50) and the air to fuel ratio (AFR) in the exhaust manifold of a gasoline engine during fuel step changes. The regulation of the combustion timing is based on manipulating the charge temperature through the internal and external dilutions which are achieved by controlling the lift of a secondary opening of the exhaust valve, also known as rebreathing lift (RBL), and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. The paper includes a brief introduction of the engine model followed by its experimental validation during fuel step changes which are considered as disturbances for the control problem. A two-input two-output controller is designed for the linearized model and simulations of closed loop response with the controller applied to the nonlinear model are presented. Finally, an equivalent reduced order controller is derived to facilitate implementation on a dynamometer facility.
Choosing patient-tailored hemodynamic monitoring

Currently, the number and (worldwide) availability of techniques for hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill patient is overwhelming, as nicely summarized elsewhere [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. Techniques vary from completely invasive to non-invasive, from intermittent to continuous, and differ in basic principles, methods, parameters, and costs, among others. The older a device, the more literature is available, but the latter may not always help in choosing hemodynamic monitoring tools for departments or for individual patients, i.e. patient-tailored monitoring.
Analyzing Disproportionately Stratified Samples With Computerized Statistical Packages

With proper unit-weighting, the widely used statistical packages provide unbiased estimates of means, proportions, and totals for disproportionately stratified samples but generally overestimate these statistics' variances. Proper unit-weighting need not artificially increase the sample size. If the assumptions of classical linear regression are appropriate and the model is correctly specified, then ordinary least-squares regression without unit-weighting provides the best-linear-unbiased and maximum-likelihood estimates for large stratified samples-at least for those with small sampling proportions from large populations. With heteroscedastic errors, generalized least-squares can be performed through data transformations.
Detection of Multiple Heartbeats Using Doppler Radar

Doppler radar life sensing has shown promise in medical and security applications. The current paper considers the problem of determining the number of persons in a given area (e.g., a room) using the Doppler shift due to heartbeat. The signal is weak and time-varying, and therefore poses a complicated signal processing problem. We develop a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) based on a model of the heartbeat, and show that this can be used to distinguish between the presence of 2, 1, or 0 subjects, even with a single antenna. We further extend this to N antennas. The results show that one can expect to detect up to 2N-1 subjects uartsing this technique.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Some MENA Countries: Theory and Evidence

The rapid growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) and its overall magnitude had sparked numerous studies dealing with the channels of transmission from FDI to growth. Theoretically, models of "endogenous" growth were recently combined with studies on the diffusion of technology in an attempt to emphasize the major role played by FDI in the economy [see Barro (1990), Lucas (1988)]. In these models, technology plays a fundamental role in the process of economic development. Moreover, the extensions of the neoclassical models to allow for international mobility of capital and technology have reinforced the notion that low-income countries tend to grow at higher rates [see Barro (1991)]. The new developments have also indicated the volatility of FDI and called for important macroeconomic and financial adjustments1. Meanwhile, the original contribution of these models is that, financial liberalization and stabilization must be undertaken by host countries before any increases in FDI become feasible (see De Gregorio and Guidotti, 1995).
A set of three genes regulates photoperiodic responses of flowering in rice (Oryza sativa)

Differentiation in photoperiodic response of flowering has been key to the evolution and wide geographic distribution of rice, an essentially short-day plant. Crosses were made such that the hybrid F1 plants flower later than the late-flowering parents to investigate the genetic basis underlying this differentiation. From initial experiments, three major genes for flowering time were identified from four naturally occurring variants under natural long-day conditions. An F2-derived trigenic mutant line bred-true for a day-neutral response was selected and used as the recipient to synchronize the genetic background for the major genes. Experiments conducted under various daylengths indicated that these genes are responsible for photoperiodic sensitivity and the trihybrid has a critical daylength between 13.5 and 14 h. The three genes regulate photoperiodic responses qualitatively and quantitatively through complementary and other epistatic effects, respectively. The complementation suggests that the three genes act in a linear manner to repress the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phases under long daylengths. This set of genes also provides a model to understand the genetic mechanism underlying the elongated vegetative growth period in the F1 generation, which is usually an obstacle to the use of heterosis, and the selection for early maturation in rice breeding.
A Comparison of Clinical Outcome Studies among Cholesterol-Lowering Agents

OBJECTIVE:To review and compare clinical trials of cholesterol-lowering agents that evaluated clinical end points as the primary outcome measure; specifically, to determine whether all agents that decrease cholesterol impact clinical outcomes similarly.DATA SOURCES:Primary articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–February 2001) and through secondary sources.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All of the articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Articles that included clinical end points as the primary outcome measure were included in this review.DATA SYNTHESIS:Clinical trials were assessed according to study population (primary vs. secondary prevention of coronary artery disease), baseline and follow-up lipid profiles, and clinical outcome data. Both cardiac and noncardiac morbidity and mortality were evaluated. The differences in study populations, study methods, and changes in lipid values were compared and contrasted between trials to evaluate their effect on outcomes.CON...
Historical and emerging practices in ecological topology

Abstract “Ecological topology” has recently been highlighted as a “frontier of ecology,” yet the term “ecological topology” only occasionally appears in the literature. On the other hand, the term “topology” appears in a variety of publications in this and other ecologically oriented journals, but its use is varied and applied to a wide cross-section of ecological problems. These variable usages suggest that topology does not have a common meaning to all ecologists. Part of this confusion results from the fact that topological ways of seeing nature are both formally derived from mathematical origins, and informally derived from non-mathematical conceptualizations. Interestingly, parallels occur between both mathematically originated and conceptually originated topology with respect to object-oriented, network topologies (formally derived from Eulerian mathematics), and field-oriented, manifold topologies (formally derived from Poincareian mathematics). Topological ways of understanding nature and addressing both theoretical and applied problems have served ecology well in the past, but this approach will be improved with a better, more unified understanding among ecologists as to the variety of meanings found and practiced in the science.
Identification of gases responsible for the odour of human flatus and evaluation of a device purported to reduce this odour

Background/Aims—While the social significance of flatus derives mainly from its odour, previous studies have focused on the non-odoriferous components of rectal gas. The aims of the present study were to determine the role of sulphur-containing gases in flatus odour and test the eYcacy of a device purported to reduce this odour. Methods—Flatus was quantitatively collected via rectal tube from 16 healthy subjects who ingested pinto beans and lactulose to enhance flatus output. The concentrations of sulphur-containing gases in each passage were correlated with odour intensity assessed by two judges. Odour intensity was also determined after treatment of flatus samples with zinc acetate, which binds sulphydryl compounds (hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol), or activated charcoal. Utilising gastight Mylar pantaloons, the ability of a charcoal lined cushion to adsorb sulphurcontaining gases instilled at the anus of eight subjects was assessed. Results—The main sulphur-containing flatus component was hydrogen sulphide (1.06 (0.2) µmol/l), followed by methanethiol (0.21 (0.04) µmol/l) and dimethyl sulphide (0.08 (0.01) µmol/l) (means (SEM)). Malodour significantly correlated with hydrogen sulphide concentration (p<0.001). Zinc acetate reduced sulphur gas content but did not totally eliminate odour, while activated charcoal removed virtually all odour. The cushion adsorbed more than 90% of the sulphur gases. Conclusion—Sulphur-containing gases are the major, but not the only, malodorous components of human flatus. The charcoal lined cushion eVectively limits the escape of these sulphur-containing gases into the environment. (Gut 1998;43:100‐104)
A comparision of superscalar and decoupled access/execute architectures

Presents a comparison of superscalar and decoupled access/execute architectures. Both architectures attempt to exploit instruction-level parallelism by issuing multiple instructions per cycle, employing dynamic scheduling to maximize performance. Simulation results are presented for four different configurations, demonstrating that the architectural queues of the decoupled machines provide similar functionality to register renaming, dynamic loop unrolling, and out-of-order execution of the superscalar machines with significantly less complexity. >
Walking Speed Threshold for Classifying Walking Independence in Hospitalized Older Adults

Background Walking speed norms and several risk thresholds for poor health outcomes have been published for community-dwelling older adults. It is unclear whether these values apply to hospitalized older adults. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the in-hospital walking speed threshold that best differentiates walking-independent from walking-dependent older adults. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods This study recruited a convenience sample of 174 ambulatory adults aged 65 years and older who had been admitted to a medical-surgical unit of a university hospital. The participants' mean (SD) age was 75 (7) years. Fifty-nine percent were women, 66% were white, and more than 40% were hospitalized for cardiovascular problems. Usual-pace walking speed was assessed over 2.4 m. Walking independence was assessed through self-report. Several methods were used to determine the threshold speed that best differentiated walking-independent patients from walking-dependent patients. Approaches included a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity, and frequency distributions. Results The participants' mean (SD) walking speed was 0.43 (0.23) m/s, and 62% reported walking independence. Nearly 75% of the patients walked more slowly than the lowest community-based risk threshold, yet 90% were discharged home. Overall, cut-point analyses suggested that 0.30 to 0.35 m/s may be a meaningful threshold for maintaining in-hospital walking independence. For simplicity of clinical application, 0.35 m/s was chosen as the optimal cut point for the sample. This threshold yielded a balance between sensitivity and specificity (71% for both). Limitations The limitations of this study were the small size of the convenience sample and the single health outcome measure. Conclusions Walking speeds of older adults who are acutely ill are substantially slower than established community-based norms and risk thresholds. The threshold identified, which was approximately 50% lower than the lowest published community-based risk threshold, may serve as an initial risk threshold or target value for maintaining in-hospital walking independence.
Medical Education and Information Literacy in the Era of Open Access

The Open Access movement in scholarly communications poses new issues and concerns for medical education in general and information literacy education specifically. For medical educators, Open Access can affect the availability of new information, instructional materials, and scholarship in medical education. For students, Open Access materials continue to be available to them post-graduation, regardless of affiliation. Libraries and information literacy librarians are challenged in their responses to the Open Access publishing movement in how best to support Open Access endeavors within their own institutions, and how best to educate their user base about Open Access in general.
Making the Alliance and Taking the Transference in Work With Suicidal Patients

This article focuses on two components of psychodynamic psychotherapy with suicidal patients. First, the value and importance of establishing and maintaining a clearly defined therapeutic alliance is noted and explored. A carefully negotiated alliance can become an edge or boundary across which the survival of the therapy, as well as the patient, can be negotiated. Attention to the vicissitudes of the alliance is hypothesized to be the central initial therapeutic action with suicidal patients. Second, the author explores the importance of “taking” rather than “refusing” the transferences offered by the suicidal patient, particularly negative and erotic transferences. Case examples are offered as illustrations.
Collecting network status information for network-aware applications

Network-aware applications, i.e., applications that adapt to network conditions in an application-specific way, need both static and dynamic information about the network to be able to adapt intelligently to network conditions. The CMU Remos interface gives applications access to a wide range of information in a network-independent fashion. Remos uses a logical topology to capture the network information that is relevant to applications in a concise way. However, collecting this information efficiently is challenging for several reasons: networks use diverse technologies and can be very large (Internet); applications need diverse information; and network managers might have concerns about leaking confidential information. In this paper we present an architecture for a hierarchical collector of network information. The decentralized architecture relies on data collectors that collect information on individual subnets; data collectors can collect information in manner that is appropriate for that subnet and can control the distribution of the information. For application queries that involve multiple subnets, we use a set of master collectors to partition requests and distribute subrequests to individual data collectors and to combine the results. Collectors cache recent network information to improve efficiency and responsiveness. This paper presents and justifies the collector architecture, describes a prototype implementation, and presents preliminary measurements characterizing its operation.
“Physics as Meaning Circuit”: Three Problems

Existence, yes; but why existence ruled, everywhere we look, by the quantum principle? What is the necessity of the quantum? Out of what deeper foundation can we recognize that the quantum supplies absolutely the only conceivable way to construct what we call “reality”?
The Effects of Medroxyprogesterone on Dentofacial Development in Males with Idiopathic Isosexual Precocity

Abstract No Abstract Available. From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032.
Tageslicht in geschlossenen Räumen

Mit dem Fortschritt der Zivilisation zog sich die Tatigkeit und Arbeit des Menschen immer mehr in geschlossene Raume zuruck, und da es an nennenswerten kunstlichen Lichtquellen mangelte, war es notwendig, dem Tageslicht einen Zugang zu schaffen; dieser war anfangs sehr beschrankt, und wir konnen uns heute von den anfanglichen Schwierigkeiten kaum eine richtige Vorstellung mehr machen. Als Hauptquelle des naturlichen Lichtes kommt der Himmel in Betracht, da die Sonne oft gar nicht scheint und auch nur eine bedingte Wohltat darstellt, da unmittelbares Sonnenlicht zwar heiter wirkt, aber oft im geschlossenen Raum, je nach seiner Art, Blendungen oder Beschrankungen im Sehen hervorruft.
Internalism and external moral evaluation of violent sport

A common experience among philosophers of sport is wondering how they can possibly say anything new and interesting about any particular topic given that Robert Simon has already given what appears...
Patient and Procedural Factors That Influence Anesthetized, Nonoperative Time in Spine Surgery

Study Design Retrospective study. Objective Efficient use of operating room time is important, as delays during induction or recovery increase time not spent operating while in the operating room. We identified factors that increase anesthetized, nonoperative time by utilizing a database of over 5,000 consecutive neurosurgical spine cases. Methods Surgical records were searched to identify all spine surgeries performed between January 2010 and July 2012. Anesthetized, nonoperative time was calculated from the anesthesia record and compared with both patient and procedure characteristics to determine any significant relationships Results There were 5,515 surgical cases with a mean age of 60.5 and mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.7; 3,226 (58%) were male subjects. There were 1,176 (21%) fusion cases, and level of pathology was predominantly lumbar (4,010 cases, 73%). Fusion cases had a significantly longer total anesthetized, nonoperative time (fusion: 98 minutes, nonfusion: 76 minutes, mean difference: 22 minutes, p p p 65 years significantly increased nonoperative time (mean difference 6 minutes, p p Conclusion Patient and surgical factors, including ASA grade, BMI, level of pathology, and surgical approach, have noticeable effects on anesthetized, nonoperative times in spine surgery.
Genome-Wide Tuning of Protein Expression Levels to Rapidly Engineer Microbial Traits.

The reliable engineering of biological systems requires quantitative mapping of predictable and context-independent expression over a broad range of protein expression levels. However, current techniques for modifying expression levels are cumbersome and are not amenable to high-throughput approaches. Here we present major improvements to current techniques through the design and construction of E. coli genome-wide libraries using synthetic DNA cassettes that can tune expression over a ∼104 range. The cassettes also contain molecular barcodes that are optimized for next-generation sequencing, enabling rapid and quantitative tracking of alleles that have the highest fitness advantage. We show these libraries can be used to determine which genes and expression levels confer greater fitness to E. coli under different growth conditions.
A transparent defense against USB eavesdropping attacks

Attacks that leverage USB as an attack vector are gaining popularity. While attention has so far focused on attacks that either exploit the host's USB stack or its unrestricted device privileges, it is not necessary to compromise the host to mount an attack over USB. This paper describes and implements a USB sniffing attack. In this attack a USB device passively eavesdrops on all communications from the host to other devices, without being situated on the physical path between the host and the victim device. To prevent this attack, we present UScramBle, a lightweight encryption solution which can be transparently used, with no setup or intervention from the user. Our prototype implementation of UScramBle for the Linux kernel imposes less than 15% performance overhead in the worst case.
Sexual receptivity in weanling rats treated with PMS and gonadal hormones

SummaryPrecocious sexual receptivity and ovulation were induced in 22-day-old rats by injecting 3 IU of PMS, but the level of receptivity was low. Improvement in mating was obtained with 100 μg of progesterone and 2 μg of estradiol-17 β, administered on day 23 after a priming dose of 3 IU of PMS on day 22. This treatment postponed mating 1 day and induced ovulation in 98% of the animals. Delayed implantation was observed without administering steroids after mating in 29 of 56 rats examined for implantation sites.
Measuring Social Movement Organization Populations: A Comprehensive Census of U.S. Environmental Movement Organizations

Population-level analyses of SMOs typically have relied on a single source for data, most commonly the Encyclopedia of Associations (EoA). However, the validity of this procedure has been drawn into question by recent organizational studies. To examine the impact of using different sources to estimate SMO populations, we compile a comprehensive population dataset of national and regional U.S. environmental movement organizations (or EMOs) over a 100-year time period using 155 different sources. We use this data to evaluate the accuracy and selection biases in five major compilations of U.S. EMOs. The analysis shows that all single sources are selective, tapping specific sections of the environmental movement. Multiple sources are needed to capture a comprehensive population of EMOs. Researchers should be aware of the limitations of specific sources before drawing conclusions about population parameters.
Do Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas Have Malignant Potential

There have been no recurrences or metastases of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) in 268 reported cases with follow-up in the English-language literature. We identified all our cases of CCPRCC (1990 to 2013), reviewing all cases that preceded the formal designation of the entity. Immunohistochemical stains were performed on 32 cases during their initial workup. In addition, stains for carbonic anhydrase IX and cytokeratin 7 were performed on 2 cases, one with atypical follow-up and the other with a more compact morphology, although not performed initially. An extended panel with AMACR, CD10, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was added to the case with atypical follow-up. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes 3p, 7, and 17 was performed on the latter case and on another clinically presumed metastatic tumor. In classic cases, immunohistochemical staining was not performed. Fifty-eight patients (31 women; 27 men) with follow-up data were included in our study; 39 cases were from our consult service. The patients' ages ranged from 36 to 83 years. Thirty-five patients had cystic or partially cystic lesions; 6 tumors were multifocal, 3 of which were bilateral. The majority (53 patients; 91.4%) presented with stage pT1 disease (size range, 0.2 to 8 cm), 2 patients presented with pT2 disease (8.5 and 10.3 cm), 1 patient presented with pT3 disease (6.5 cm sarcomatoid RCC focally extending out of the kidney), and pathologic stage was unavailable in 2 cases. Treatment consisted of 29 partial nephrectomies, 26 radical nephrectomies, 2 cryoablations, and 1 cyst ablation. The resection margins were negative in all but one case, with this case disease free after a 26-month period. Two patients had intraoperative tumor disruption and were disease free at 9 and 34 months. Five patients had synchronous ipsilateral renal cell carcinomas (non-CCPRCC). Mean follow-up time was 21 months (range, 1 to 175 mo), with all but 3 patients having no evidence of disease. One patient was presumed to have contralateral disease on the basis of imaging findings and is alive and well 37 months after multiple partial nephrectomies. Metastatic disease to the lung was clinically presumed in 1 patient in whom a higher-grade lesion may have been missed during sampling of the predominantly cystic pT1b tumor and tissue confirmation of the metastases was not obtained. Another case presented with multiple skeletal and pulmonary metastases 8 months after resection of pT3 sarcomatoid CCPRCC. The patient with the sarcomatoid RCC died of multifocal skeletal and pulmonary metastatic disease 13 months after resection of the renal tumor. Our study, the largest to date with follow-up, along with others, suggests that pure CCPRCC is an indolent tumor and should be renamed "clear cell papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential" to reflect their biology.
Properties Study of Metallomesogenic Polymers Containing Eu(III)

In this paper,a new series of luminescence liquid crystalline polymers with rare earth Eu( Ⅲ) complexes were reported for the first time. Such complexes were prepared by grafting copolymerization of the chiral liquid crystalline monomer( M1),4-allyloxylbenzoic acid cholesteryl and complexes( C3) of Eu( Ⅲ) onto hydrosiloxane. The relationship between the conjugation effect of Eu+3and luminescence properties was investigated here. Under stimulation by UV light,high luminescence intensity of such complexes was observed at ambient temperature with λmaxat 617 nm. When the content of Eu( Ⅲ) is under 8%,luminescence intensity increases with the increasing of Eu( Ⅲ) content. Such trend reverses once the content is above 10%. Advantage of such complex was demonstrated by the difference of the luminescence intensity of the complex of polymer and the complex of polymermonomer C3,which is only 30% of the former. Compared with polymer without Eu( Ⅲ),the LC texture remained the same,with higher Tm and lower TC. Besides superior luminescence properties,such Eu( Ⅲ) complex also had excellent processibility due to innate liquid crystal nature. The theoretical study of Eu( Ⅲ) liquid crystal complex can provide foundations to potentially wide industrial application.
Zika Virus on a Spreading Spree: what we now know that was unknown in the 1950's.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is transmitted through the bite of Aedes spp mosquitoes and less predominantly, through sexual intercourse. Prior to 2007, ZIKV was associated with only sporadic human infections with minimal or no clinical manifestations. Recently the virus has caused disease outbreaks from the Pacific Islands, the Americas, and off the coast of West Africa with approximately 1.62 million people suspected to be infected in more than 60 countries around the globe. The recent ZIKV outbreaks have been associated with guillain-barre syndrome, congenital syndrome (microcephaly, congenital central nervous system anomalies), miscarriages, and even death. This review summarizes the path of ZIKV outbreak within the last decade, highlights three novel modes of ZIKV transmission associated with recent outbreaks, and points to the hallmarks of congenital syndrome. The review concludes with a summary of challenges facing ZIKV research especially the control of ZIKV infection in the wake of most recent data showing that anti-dengue virus antibodies enhance ZIKV infection.
Aqueous Hydricity from Calculations of Reduction Potential and Acidity in Water

Hydricity, or hydride donating ability, is a thermodynamic value that helps define the reactivity of transition metal hydrides. To avoid some of the challenges of experimental hydricity measurements in water, a computational method for the determination of aqueous hydricity values has been developed. With a thermochemical cycle involving deprotonation of the metal hydride (pKa), 2e– oxidation of the metal (E°), and 2e– reduction of the proton, hydricity values are provided along with other valuable thermodynamic information. The impact of empirical corrections (for example, calibrating reduction potentials with 2e– organic versus 1e– inorganic potentials) was assessed in the calculation of the reduction potentials, acidities, and hydricities of a series of iridium hydride complexes. Calculated hydricities are consistent with electronic trends and agree well with experimental values.
Hand hygiene among healthcare workers: A qualitative meta summary using the GRADE-CERQual process.

Background:Hand hygiene is considered an effective and potentially modifiable infection control behaviour among healthcare workers (HCW). Several meta-studies have been published that compare quant...
Demystifying Orbital Emergencies: A Pictorial Review

Imaging of the orbit plays an important role in the workup of orbital emergencies. Orbital imaging is particularly useful in the emergency department, where clinical history and physical examination may be limited or delayed until the exclusion or treatment of more life-threatening conditions. Cross-sectional orbital imaging with multidetector computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is commonly performed in addition to ultrasonography. In an emergent setting, CT is the preferred modality when evaluating for intraorbital foreign bodies, fractures, or calcifications within a mass lesion. MR imaging is typically the modality of choice for orbital pathologic conditions, owing to its superior ability to delineate the orbital soft tissues and visual pathways. CT and MR imaging together may supplement clinical evaluation by helping establish an accurate diagnosis, providing an objective assessment of disease extent and progression, and assisting in pretreatment planning. Orbital emergencies have a spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings in four major categories: infection, trauma, vascular disease, and inflammation. Use of a systematic approach to these entities will assist the radiologist with identifying immediate threats to vision and thereby facilitate prompt clinical management. Familiarity with the clinical presentations also improves the radiologist's diagnostic confidence and role in guiding patient care. This article reviews imaging protocols, relevant orbital anatomy, the role of CT and MR imaging, and key imaging findings of orbital emergencies that the radiologist must know. © RSNA, 2017.
Border Walls Gone Green: Nature and Anti-Immigrant Politics in America

“Absent a massive resistance, more border walls are in our future,” warns John Hultgren in the conclusion of his book Border Walls Gone Green (p. 179). The book strips Donald Trump’s rise to power ...
The impact of elite frames and motivated reasoning on beliefs in a global warming conspiracy: The promise and limits of trust:

Given the potential attitudinal and behavioral impact of Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) conspiracy beliefs, it is important to understand their causes and moderators. Here, two explanations for...
Distributed BIST Architecture to Combat Delay Faults

To successfully combat delay faults there is an urgent need for a proper design for testability (DFT). The foundation of any DFT methodology rests on its scan design. This paper describes three versions of a new design of a shift register latch that lend themselves to distributed self-test and delay test. The advantages of this new SRL is faster application of test vectors, higher DC and AC fault coverages, with low performance impact. Adoption of this new DFT methodology brings us closer to the ideal target of one test-per-clock as opposed to one test-per-scan. Operation, cost, and other attributes are studied in detail. Results of adopting one of these SRLs are reported on ten pilot chips.
Advantages of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Upper Abdominal Surgery

The postoperative surgical advantages of the Minimally Invasive Surgical (MIS) approach in comparison with Open approach in Upper Gastrointestinal Oncology concern: (1) The stress and immune responses, (2) the surgical intervention, (3) the postoperative short-term effects and morbidity, (4) the postoperative Quality of Life, and (5) the oncological consequences.
Narrating Jewish Identity: A Response to Bruce Phillips

In this response to Bruce Phillips on the delivery of his Sklare lecture, I revisit the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research arguing that qualitative work provides important responses, meanings and challenges to issues raised by social demographers. Such responses have the potential to move us, as in the case of the erosion/survival debates, beyond concerns about growth to a new level of conversation about the meaning and measure of Jewish continuity and its related research corollaries: secularity, ethnicity, authenticity and religiosity. Since all social science research is limited by the kinds of narrative discourse we bring to it, demographic trends in exogamy and “assimilation”, for instance, not only reflect an “erosion” or “growth” of population size and composition, but tensions about the measure and meaning of Jewish identity and the development and maintenance of consensus on core Jewish values. Therefore, whether we see erosion or resilience in our research depends on how a study is designed, what categories are used, how the data are collected and what interpretive framework is presented for its analyses. In this sense, it matters not if we are qualitative and/or quantitative in our approach but rather where we enter the conversation, why we see it as important, and to what end we will tell our research stories.
A short proof for the relation between Weil indices and &#x1d716;-factors

Let F be a finite extension of ℚp and let ψ be a non-trivial character of F. For a∈F* let γ(a,ψ) be the normalized Weil index splitting the Hilbert symbol. In this short note we give a simple proof...
Influence of extracellular environment on the motility and structural properties of spermatozoa collected from hormonally stimulated Panamanian Golden Frog (Atelopus zeteki).

A better understanding of the factors influencing the biology of amphibian spermatozoa after release from the testis is a prerequisite to the development of sperm preservation methods. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of extracellular conditions (exposure to water and different temperatures) over time on the sperm motility and structural properties (including morphology and DNA integrity) collected from hormonally stimulated Atelopus zeteki. Following intraperitoneal injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (des-Gly10, D-Ala6, Pro-NHEt9 GnRH; 4 μg/g of body weight), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 10 IU/gbw), or Amphiplex™ (0.4 μg/gbw GnRH-A + 10 μg/gbw metoclopramide hydrochloride), spermic urine samples from 27 males were collected and analyzed for sperm motility, morphology and DNA integrity while maintained at room temperature (23 °C), 4 °C, or diluted in water (hypo-osmotic environment) over a period of 46 min post-collection. Percentages of sperm motility and forward progressive motility remained high (>60%) when spermic urine was kept at room temperature or at 4 °C for 46 min regardless of the hormonal stimulation method. Dilution in water at room temperature greatly reduced the percentage of motile spermatozoa and forward progression (<50%) as well as DNA integrity (32.8% of intact cells) after 23 min while morphology did not differ (30.4% of normal cells), regardless of the hormone stimulation. This is the first systematic study on the effect of extracellular environment over time on A. zeteki sperm quality. This will contribute to the development of sperm handling protocols and reproductive technologies for this and other endangered Atelopus species.
New Science, New Industry and New Institutions? Second Thoughts on Innovation and Europe’s Universities

When discussing the goals and strategies for enhancing the European region's international economic competitiveness specifically those announced at the Meeting of EU Council of Ministers in Lisbon several are the themes that can be analyzed. For example the relationship between fundamental advances in scientific understanding and technological innovation that is complicated and multivalent, and probabilistic; the incentives for discovery and invention, entrepreneurship and finance, the formation of managerial expertise and workforce skills, the diffusion of new processes and products, and a multiplicity of expectational effects and dynamic feedbacks that interconnect all of the foregoing processes. There is also to be considered the roles played by public institutions involved in training and research, particularly the universities.
Reformation and Confessionalization

The Reformation has four main dimensions of scholarly interest (meaning): (a) as a historical event; (b) as a myth of Protestant self-understanding and self-assurance; (c) as a historiographical category, mainly to indicate an epoch situated between the Middle Ages and Absolutism; and, (d) as a major agent of long-term political, social, and cultural change, pushing Europe and the Western World towards Modernity.
A “New Social Class” or Old Friends? A Study of Private Entrepreneurs in the National People’s Congress of China

In this research note, we introduce a new dataset on China's national legislators. It provides descriptive information on one key parameter: the nature of the business owned by private entrepreneur deputies in China's National People's Congress (NPC) from 2003 to 2017. The dataset contains information on whether the deputy once worked as a government official, whether the deputy was a former top manager of a state-owned/collective enterprise, and whether his/her current company was a state-owned/collective enterprise before being privatized. We categorize deputies as “insiders” as long as they stratify one of the aforementioned backgrounds, whereas others as the “grassroots.” This dataset thus reveals two types of private entrepreneur deputies who are significantly different with regard to how they started their own businesses. These findings shed new light on the relationship between private entrepreneurs and the party-state in China.
Magnetic domain wall motion at the nodes and antinodes of high frequency strain waves

The ability to control magnetic domain patterns with high frequency strain waves could result in a novel, fast method for moving domain walls. We examine the motion of magnetic domain walls in Co/Pt multilayers when subject to a high frequency strain standing wave generated by a focused surface acoustic wave transducer. Our ability to map focused strain waves using optical methods allow us to make subsequent magnetic measurements without losing the location of strain nodes and antinodes. Our results indicate that domain walls move preferentially towards strain antinodes and away from the nodes.
DynTLBO - A Teaching Learning-based Dynamic Optimization Algorithm

The Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm simulates the knowledge-transfer process between teacher and learners as well as between peer learners. Although TLBO has been already successfully applied to both constrained and unconstrained engineering optimization problems, it sometimes prematurely converges toward local optima, especially in high dimensional, multimodal, or deceptive fitness landscapes. We therefore propose to further characterize the limitations of TLBO by investigating its performance on different benchmarks featuring both stationary, to establish a baseline, but especially non-stationary fitness landscapes. The results are then compared with a state of the art population-based optimization algorithm (Differential Evolution - DE) and its variants Self Adaptive Differential Evolution (jDE) in order to establish the suitability of TLBO on such landscapes. We found that TLBO exhibits a pronounced imbalance in its exploration vs. exploitation tradeoff that prevents it from maintaining a diversified population. It is well known that maintaining diversity as the population converges, and more generally balancing the exploration versus exploitation tradeoff, are both essential considerations in any population-based optimization technique. This is especially true for non-trivial problems where premature convergence to local optima is more likely. We therefore also proposed a novel TLBO variant that better manages population diversity and is therefore more suitable for dynamic optimization applications. We found that the resulting DynTLBO algorithm showed significant performance improvements on commonly used benchmarks11Implementations of algorithms, experiments' configuration files, and data analysis scripts available in the project’ repository at https://github.com/swapon15/DTLBO.
'Now' with Subordinate Clauses

We investigate a novel use of the English temporal modifier 'now', in which it combines with a subordinate clause. We argue for a univocal treatment of the expression, on which the subordinating use is taken as basic and the nonsubordinating uses are morphologically derived. We start by surveying central features of the latter uses which have been discussed in previous work, before introducing key observations regarding the subordinating use of 'now' and its relation to deictic and anaphoric uses. All of these data , it is argued, can be accounted for on our proposed analysis. We conclude by comparing 'now' to a range of other expressions which exhibit similar behavior.
Detention as Deterrence

Over the past few decades, the federal government has justified the use of immigration detention on the basis that it deters unauthorized migration. Simply put, the idea is that detention will send a message that harsh consequences await apprehended migrants, and that such a message will discourage individuals from undertaking the journey to seek entry into the United States. This Essay applies insights from research on deterrence effects of criminal law to explain why immigration detention is unlikely to produce the intended behavioral effects that some policymakers desire. Specifically, I explore three hurdles to achieving deterrence through immigration law: the legal knowledge hurdle, the rational choice hurdle, and the perceived net cost hurdle. I conclude by discussing key questions that detention-as-deterrence policy raises for future research and policy in this area.
NBA team home advantage: Identifying key factors using an artificial neural network

What determines a team’s home advantage, and why does it change with time? Is it something about the rowdiness of the hometown crowd? Is it something about the location of the team? Or is it something about the team itself, the quality of the team or the styles it may or may not play? To answer these questions, season performance statistics were downloaded for all NBA teams across 32 seasons (83–84 to 17–18). Data were also obtained for other potential influences identified in the literature including: stadium attendance, altitude, and team market size. Using an artificial neural network, a team’s home advantage was diagnosed using team performance statistics only. Attendance, altitude, and market size were unsuccessful at improving this diagnosis. The style of play is a key factor in the home advantage. Teams that make more two point and free-throw shots see larger advantages at home. Given the rise in three-point shooting in recent years, this finding partially explains the gradual decline in home advantage observed across the league over time.
Comparing level-2 and level-3 satellite ocean color retrieval validation methodologies.

Many ocean color data applications leverage global spatially composited level-3 (L3) satellite data because of their regular Earth-grid frame of reference. However, ocean color satellite retrieval performance is routinely evaluated on level-2 (L2) data at the native satellite swath resolution and geometries. This study assesses how accurately binned and gridded L3 data represent L2 satellite data products via satellite-to-in situ match-up activities. L2 and L3 satellite data retrievals of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a are compared with a common in situ dataset, revealing similar L2 and L3 satellite-to-in situ performance for both MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS-SNPP. This agreement implies that L2 validation results are generally applicable to L3 data. However, uncertainties are introduced during the generation of L3 data from L2 data. L3 data comparisons introduce a wider temporal window between the time of in situ measurement and the time of the satellite observation, which can unintentionally reflect on the quality of the satellite retrieval or algorithm performance. The choice of L3 map projection may introduce additional uncertainty by spatially distorting the true location of the satellite retrievals. Each manipulation of satellite data beyond the instrument’s native spatiotemporal reference (L2) reduces the applicability of L2 validation results to higher data processing levels.
The Role of Business Confidence Indicators in the International Interdependencies between Germany and the United States

This paper is an empirical analysis of the role of business confidence indicators as international business cycle channel of transmission between Germany and the United States. Business confidence indicators are considered expectations of the level of economic activity. The analysis finds that the business cycle of Germany is positively affected by the expectations of economic activity in United States. Therefore, business confidence indicators can be considered as an important non-trade channel of transmission of the business cycle between the two countries.