cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-speed holographic recording of 500 images in a rare earth doped solid

Abstract We present experimental results demonstrating high-speed storage and retrieval of 500 single-page time-domain holograms in an Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The holograms were stored in the inhomogeneously broadened 7F0–5D0 transition of the crystal by wavelength multiplexing at a temperature of 2.5 K. Each hologram occupied a narrow spectral channel of around 500 kHz and was separated from its adjacent channels by only around 700 kHz. Both the recording and playback of the holograms were performed at a speed of 30 frames s−1 with the use of a 100 mW cw laser. The experimental results project an achievable frame transfer speed in excess of 13×103 frames s−1. Implications of the results for high-speed digital data storage are discussed.
The gram-atomic volumes of alloys of transition metals with Al and Si

Abstract Gram-atomic volumes, v , of transition metal (TM)-Al or Si alloys in solid and liquid states have been calculated from published data, and their composition, x, dependences examined. Generally, they exhibit substantial negative deviations from additivity of the pure form volumes. At given x and temperature v of the solid is nearly independent of the alloy structure-disordered crystalline or glassy solution or intermetallic phase. The isothermal dependence of v on x for the liquid or solid state is fairly well described by different straight lines in the two terminal composition ranges with a rapid transition from one to the other line at intermediate compositions. In the linear regimes, the partial atomic volumes ( v TM , v Al , v Si ) , of the minor component are well below those of the corresponding pure forms. These deviations from the pure form volumes are relatively much larger for the liquid than for the solid states of the alloys. Indeed, the data of E. Gebhardt, M. Becker and S. Dorner [Z. Metalk. 44, 573 (1953)] indicate negative values for v Fe and v Ti in molten Al. These results suggest that the energetically preferred configurations about the minor atom cannot be in the crystal structures without severe distortions, which do not arise in the liquid milieu. The energies of mixing are negative for the alloys exhibiting negative deviations from volume additivity, but no definite correlation between these energies and the deviations is apparent.
Femtosecond laser direct writing of volume Fresnel zone plates

We describe a method of using femtosecond laser for direct writing of volume Fresnel zone plates with high diffraction efficiency. A volume zone plate consists of a number of Fresnel zone plate layers designed to focus light coherently to a single spot. We fabricated both low numerical aperture (NA) and high NA volume zone plates, resulting in a significant increase in overall diffraction efficiency. The performance of the volume zone plate is also simulated using the Hankel transform beam propagation method (Hankel BPM). The results show an excellent agreement with the scalar diffraction theory and the experimental results. The numerical method allows more comprehensive studies of the VFZP parameters to achieve higher diffraction efficiency.
The oxygen isotopic compositions of coarse grained sedimentary rocks and minerals

Abstract O 18 O 16 ratios of authigenic minerals are generally ten to thirty permil greater than those of detrital minerals of high temperature origin; thus isotopic compositions can be used to distinguish between the two. Isotopic compositions of authigenic or secondary minerals can be used to place limits on the conditions of their formation. Isotopic compositions of detrital minerals can be used as indicators of their provenance.
Auto-inhibition of Reproduction in Cura formanii (Turbellaria)

EVIDENCE for the widespread phenomenon of organismic interaction through chemicals released into the environment is summarized by Lucas1. One type of such interaction occurs between organisms of the same species. In tadpoles2, for example, the effect of such substances is to inhibit the growth of individuals exposed to sufficient concentrations. This mechanism tends to limit the number of individuals of a given species within an area and thereby also limits depletion of environmental resources.
Grain Boundary Segregation of Cation Dopants in α ‐ Al2 O 3 Scales

A fe-20 atom % Cr-10% Al matrix was dispersed with a wide range of oxide particulates in order to study the effect of oxygen-active dopants on high-temperature oxidation performance and alumina scale microstructure. The effects of these various cation dopants have been correlated with dopant ion segregation to the {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grain boundaries using analytical electron microscopy. Elements such as Mn and V showed little effect on the oxide scale microstructure and were not observed to segregate. Elements such as Y, Nd, and Gd were found to have a positive effect on oxidation performance and segregated to scale grain boundaries, resulting in finer, more columnar {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grains. However, Ti, Ta, Ca, and Nb also were found to segregate but had less of an effect on oxidation behavior. These results indicate that cation segregation to scale grain boundaries is not a sufficient condition for achieving beneficial oxidation performance. The driving force for diffusion and segregation in growing alumina scales is discussed. Based on comparisons with an alloy containing an Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} dispersion, the finer scale grain sizes observed with reactive element oxide dispersions are the result of grain growth inhibition and not a heterogeneous nucleation effect.
Maturation of the maternofoetal transport system for human gamma-globulin in the mouse.

THE plasma concentration of γ globulin (IgG) in the human conceptus after 22 weeks or less of gestation is a fifth to a twentieth of that in the mother1,2, but from 26 weeks to the end of gestation the two concentrations are the same1,2. Because the foetus, even at term, can synthesize only small amounts of γG, this marked increase in the plasma IgG seems to be a consequence of an abrupt change in the permeability of the maternofoetal barrier to IgG. We have investigated the nature of this change in permeability in the pregnant mouse.
Molecular complexes of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane with aromatic donors.

Abstract A series of complexes between DDT acting as an electron acceptor and certain aromatic electron donors, including benzene, toluene, durene, mesitylene, pentamethylbenzene, and hexamethylbenzene, have been determined in solution using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Variations in the proton chemical shifts between complexed and uncomplexed acceptor molecules are found to change relative to one another in the presence of excess donor. The sensitivity to small changes in the electrical environment of the magnetic nucleus of the acceptor molecule in the presence of donor compounds and the study of appropriate nuclear magnetic resonance parameters affords useful information concerning these complexes. Equilibrium constants for π-complex formation in CHCl3 and CC14 have been determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand method or a modification of it.
Properties of proton drip-line nuclei at the sd-fp-shell interface.

Properties of proton-rich nuclei at the sd-fp-shell boundary with 37\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}48 are investigated within the framework of the nuclear shell model. Predicted binding energies, one- and two-proton separation energies, and \ensuremath{\beta}-end-point energies are presented. Half-lives associated with one- and two-proton emissions are compared with \ensuremath{\beta} decay, and it is determined that the best candidates for the observation of correlated two-proton emission are $^{38}\mathrm{Ti}$ and $^{45}\mathrm{Fe}$. The predicted branching ratios for \ensuremath{\beta} decay as a function of excitation energy in the daughter nucleus are shown. Where available, \ensuremath{\beta}-decay half-lives are compared with experiment and are found to be in overall good agreement. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Evaluation of children with suspected cervical spine injury.

Cervical spine injuries in infants and children are usually associated with motor-vehicle accidents, falls, diving 129accidents, sports injuries, gunshot injuries, and, occasionally, child abuse. They range broadly from minor soft-tissue injuries to severe fracture-dislocations with spinal cord injury or sudden death. Although rare, the injuries are worthy of special attention because of particular aspects relating to the pediatric cervical spine, including unique features of developmental anatomy, injury patterns, treatment, and prognosis. Appropriate algorithms for evaluation and management are essential for the care of these injured children. Deformity, instability, posttraumatic stenosis, and neurologic sequelae may be prevented with early recognition and appropriate management of those at risk. In order to adequately understand the differences in injury patterns unique to the pediatric cervical spine, it is essential to understand the anatomic and developmental features that are unique to infants and children. The notochord is formed by week two of fetal development and is in close proximity to the paraxial mesoderm (mesenchymal tissue running parallel to the notochord), which becomes segmented into four cranial and eight cervical somites at weeks two and three1,2. The somites each differentiate into cranial and caudal halves, which then reunite with the caudal and cranial halves, respectively, of the adjacent somite, forming each provertebra1,2. The notochord eventually constitutes the apical and alar ligaments as well as the nucleus pulposus of each intervertebral disc1,2. During weeks five and six, chondrification takes place in each half of the vertebral body and neural arch1,2. Finally, ossification takes place in each body and lateral mass1-3. ### The Atlas The atlas develops from three ossification centers: the two primary ossification centers of the lateral masses, which are ossified at birth, and one secondary ossification center for …
An application of directory service markup language (DSML) for role-based access control (RBAC)

The directory service markup language (DSML) prescribes how to manipulate directory services information in XML, and thus it facilitates sharing of directory information as XML fragments among XML-based applications. We describe how to leverage DSML for role-based access control on XML-based Web applications which often need collaboration within or beyond a single enterprise boundary. Compared with previous works in this area, we show that our approach can solve the problems of a previous LDAP-oriented solution. We discuss the security architecture based upon a server-pull model and its components. We also demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through a proof-of-concept implementation. Finally, several issues from our experience are discussed as well.
Magnetogram Measures of Total Nonpotentiality for Prediction of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections from Active Regions of Any Degree of Magnetic Complexity

For investigating the magnetic causes of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and for forecasting the CME productivity of active regions, in previous work we have gauged the total nonpotentiality of a whole active region by either of two measures, LSSM and LSGM, two measures of the magnetic field along the main neutral line in a vector magnetogram of the active region. This previous work was therefore restricted to nominally bipolar active regions, active regions that have a clearly identifiable main neutral line. In the present paper, we show that our work can be extended to include multipolar active regions of any degree of magnetic complexity by replacing LSSM and LSGM with their generalized counterparts, WLSS and WLSG, which are corresponding integral measures covering all neutral lines in an active region instead of only the main neutral line. In addition, we show that for active regions within 30 heliocentric degrees of disk center, WLSG can be adequately measured from line-of-sight magnetograms instead of vector magnetograms. This approximate measure of active-region total nonpotentiality,LWLSG, with the extensive set of 96 minute cadence full-disk line-of-sight magnetograms from SOHO MDI, can be used to study the evolution of active-region total nonpotentiality leading to the production of CMEs.
Advances in graphene-based high-dynamic-range RF electronics

We present recent progress in graphene material, graphene FETs, heterostructures, graphene NEMS, and potentially disruptive RF applications of GFETs such as linear mixers and high dynamic range radiometers. Continuous development of emerging graphene would potentially improve existing RF systems with integration with standard Si/III-V RFICs similar to DARPA heterogeneous integration (DAHI) efforts, and enable a new generation of high performance 3D-RFICs.
Factors Associated with Participation of Children With and Without ADHD in Household Tasks

Children's preparation for adult roles and independent living occur largely through participation with their families in home routines including household tasks. This preparation may involve learning related to family roles, socialization, and occupational performance. This study was designed to explore the extent to which child, environmental, and task factors are associated with household task participation by school-aged children, 9 to 11 years of age, with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-four parents of children with and without ADHD completed a series of measures that examined family routine frequency and importance, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, and a measure of their children's participation in household tasks. Child's age, the presence of an older sibling, and the importance of family routines were significant predictors of the number of household tasks performed by children. Diagnosis of ADHD, the presence of an older sibling, and parental stress were significant predictors of the amount of assistance the children required to do the household tasks.
The influence of cover crop variety, termination timing and termination method on mulch, weed cover and soil nitrate in reduced-tillage organic systems

Overwintered cover crops mechanically terminated into mulch can be a weed management tool for reduced-tillage organic agriculture. However, the impacts of management options for cover cropping are not well understood, including cover crop variety, termination timing and termination method. In a field experiment, conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Western Washington, we examined three grains, four vetches and one barley–vetch mix terminated with two mechanical methods and at two different times. We determined the influence of cover crop variety and termination time on cover crop biomass production and tissue nitrogen (N), effectiveness of cover crop termination, soil nitrate–N and percent weed cover. We also determined the influence of termination method on percent weed cover. Cover crop biomass ranged between 3 and 9 Mg ha−1 and was not influenced by termination time; the greatest production was from three varieties of grain. Rye varieties were more effectively terminated with a roller–crimper than barley. Mean soil nitrate–N levels ranged from 1.9 to 18 mg kg−1 and were the greatest with vetches. Post-termination weed cover was greater in 2013 than in 2012 and the cover crop variety influenced weed cover at the Late termination time only. Neither plant N concentration in the cover crop mulch nor soil nitrate influenced weed cover. The results of this study indicate that cover crop biomass and termination timing are important factors influencing weed cover and termination effectiveness in cover crop mulch.
PREDICTING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON APPALACHIAN TROUT: COMBINING GIS AND INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODELING

We coupled an individual-based model of brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a geographic information system (GIS) database to predict climate change effects on southern Appalachian stream populations. The model tracked individuals of both species through the daily processes of spawning, growth, feeding, mortality, and movement for 30 years in a stream reach consisting of connected pools, runs, and riffles. The southern Appalachian Plateau was divided into 101 watershed elevation band zones. Model simulations were performed for a representative stream reach of each stream order in each zone. Trout abundance was estimated by mul- tiplying predicted trout densities (measured in number of trout per meter) by the total length of streams of each order in each watershed elevation zone. Three climate change scenarios were analyzed: temperature only (1.5-2.5?C warmer stream temperatures); temperature and flow (warmer stream temperatures and lower baseline flows with threefold higher peak flows); and temperature, flow, and mortality episodes (warmer stream temperatures, changed flows, and flow-related scouring of redds). Increased temperature alone resulted in increased abundances of brook and rainbow trout. The temperature-and-flow scenario resulted in a complex mosaic of positive and negative changes in abundances in zones, but little change in total abundance. Addition of episodic mortality in the form of floods that scour redds and kill eggs and fry caused a net loss of rainbow trout. Predicted changes in habitat (based on simulation results and temperature alone) were, at best, weakly correlated with predicted changes in abundance. The coupling of individual-based models to GIS databases, in order to scale up environmental effects on individuals to regional population responses, offers a promising approach for regional assessments.
Role of nitric oxide in β3-adrenoceptor activation on basal tone of internal anal sphincter

Effects of activation of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) have not been determined in the spontaneously tonic smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter (IAS). The effects of disodium (R,R)-5-[2-[2-3-chlo...
Behavioral effects of microwave reinforcement schedules and variations in microwave intensity on albino rats.

The objective of this exploratory investigation was to determine the interactive effects of fixed-ratio scheduling of microwave reinforcement in tandem with changes in microwave intensity. Nine albino rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with microwave radiation while living in a Skinner (operant conditioning) Box in which the ambient temperature was about 27.13 degrees F at the beginning of the session. Each rat obtained a 6-sec. exposure of microwave radiation on a fixed-ratio schedule of MW reinforcement, the values of which varied from FR-1 to FR-30. Intensities of MW radiation were 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted for 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 13-mo. period. The effects of the intensity of microwave reinforcement varied as a function of the ratio value of the schedule used. Continuous reinforcement (FR-1) produced the lowest over-all rates, whereas FR-15, and FR-25 produced the highest over-all rates. Relatively higher thermal-behavior rates occurred under 62.5 W than under any of the other MW intensities for FR-1, FR-15, and FR-25, whereas FR-10 and FR-30 ratios produced intermediate rates of thermal responding which were constant for all values of MW intensity. These data are explained in terms of interactive effectsmore » between the local satiation or deprivation properties of the MW intensity and the ratio requirements of the schedule of MW reinforcement.« less
Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori : Implications for therapy

Helicobacter pylori is a conventional gram-negative bacteria that causes an infection of the gastric mucosa. The organism is sensitive to most common antibiotics and theoretically should be easy to eradicate, provided that the patient takes antibiotics to which the organism is sensitive using a sufficient dose and duration of therapy. Unfortunately, the infection has proved difficult to cure. There are many other examples of bacterial infections that resist treatment with antibiotics even when the individual organisms demonstrate antibiotic sensitivity in vitro (e.g., Salmonella in the biliary tract). Failure can be due to the presence of antibiotic-resistant organisms, features of the infection may make it inaccessible to the antibiotics despite having antibiotic-sensitive organisms (a resistant infection), or both. Acquired resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and amoxicillin have all been described.
Guilliam Forchondt and the role of the Greater Netherlands in the dissemination of Flemish art in Latin America

The many seventeenth-century Flemish paintings now found in Spain and Latin America show the expanse of the circulation of artworks from the Southern Netherlands. Antwerp artists and vertically integrated art dealers such as Guilliam Forchondt (1608-1678) drove this widespread dissemination of paintings. A systematic study of Forchondt’s business records kept in Antwerp, complemented by archival and visual sources in Spain, Mexico and Peru, shows that Forchondt was an export-oriented dealer with a voluminous trade in paintings with the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas. This paper explores the type of imagery Forchondt sent to Spanish and New World buyers in contrast to what his clients bought in other parts of Europe, and identifies market conditions at the points of origin and destination that made these artistic exchanges possible. In doing so, this research also unveils the role the Northern Netherlands played in promoting this longdistance art trade venture.
Pareto-Improving Subsidy and Prudential Incentive

Directly subsidizing bank deposits increases franchise value and promotes prudent lending. Subsidization can be made budget-neutral for the regulator by requiring banks to make upfront payments equal to the capitalized value of future subsidies they stand to receive. While compensating the regulator for the cost of the subsidy, upfront payment also imposes a quasi-speed limit on the expansion of deposits that typically precedes a switch to riskier investment strategies, discouraging market-stealing deviations. Budget-neutral subsidization is equated with the prepayment of deposit insurance assessments to provide a recommendation for the management of deposit insurance funds: Front-load transfers from banks to funds and annuitize transfers from funds to banks.
Mosquitoes in Relation to Human Welfare

There are numerous early accounts of the prodigious swarms of mosquitoes and of the untold suffering they have inflicted upon man and his domestic animals. The adults have resisted the invasion of the human race into various regions of the world and many of these districts are still uninhabitable due to the ravages of the pests. Someone has said, “Man never discovered the mosquitoes, they discovered him.” These insects have also exerted a marked influence in the economic world by the reduction in land values, real estate, etc., due to their excessive abundance. Especially is this true in certain of our coastal states where the salt marsh mosquitoes present a formidable menace. Sportsmen, both hunters and fishermen, find the Culicidae to be their greatest enemies. However the mechanical irritation produced by the bites of mosquitoes is a small item when one considers the role they play in the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and filariasis and they become of paramount importance to the medical entomologist.
Pseudomorphic ZnTe/AlSb/GaSb Heterostructures by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

A series of pseudomorphic ZnTe/AlSb/GaSb epilayer/epilayer heterostructures, aimed at the realization of novel wide bandgap light emitting devices, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnTe epilayers showed dominant near-band-edge features related to free, and shallow impurity bound excitons. The PL could be seen at room temperature. Both GaSb and AlSb were doped n-type using a PbSe source.
Decline in Rate of Cholesterol Synthesis During Maturation of Chicken Aorta.

SummaryIn vitro synthesis of labeled cholesterol by aortic tissue of cockerels was found to fall off rapidly with maturation, with either acetate-1-C14 or mevalonate-2-C14 as precursor. Production of C14O2 failed to show a similar relationship, indicating that the declining rate of cholesterol synthesis is not a consequence of decreasing permeability of the tissue to the substrate. In the system employed, mevalonate was only twice as efficient as acetate as a source of sterol carbon, and almost all the sterol radioactivity derived from mevalonate was removed by bromination. Thoracic and abdominal aorta displayed similar rates of cholesterol synthesis.
La armonización en seguridad de Catar con los Estados Unidos: ¿restricción estratégica o circunstancia favorecedora?

Las relacion entre Catar y los Estados Unidos constituye un tipo de jerarquia bilateral mutuamente beneficiosa, que seria util considerar como si fuera un protectorado. La dinamica inherente a los protectorados situa en el inicio al estado protector en una posicion de fuerza desproporcionada, e impone severas restricciones sobre las actividades del estado socio. Con el paso del tiempo, esta distribucion inicial de beneficios cambia, y el estado socio es capaz de tomar iniciativas en politica exterior que pueden contravenir, e incluso danar, los intereses de seguridad del protector. Simultaneamente, la capacidad del estado protegido de iniciar acciones autonomas e interesadas en las escenas regional y global esta determinada por el nivel de amenaza al que se enfrenta proveniente de los estados colindantes. Tomados en conjunto, estos dos factores ofrecen una explicacion convincente a las ultimas tendencias de la diplomacia catari.
250 ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN THE ALCOHOLIC RAT LUNG.

Alcohol abuse independently increases the risk of developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) two- to fourfold in critically ill patients with sepsis, trauma, or massive gastric aspiration. We have shown in experimental animal models that chronic alcohol ingestion causes oxidative stress within the alveolar space, impairs alveolar epithelial barrier integrity, and increases sepsis-mediated acute lung injury. However, the precise mechanisms by which alcohol abuse renders the lung susceptible to injury are still under investigation. Alcoholics are known to be deficient in the essential micronutrient zinc (Zn), which is critical for diverse cellular functions within the respiratory tract, including stabilization of membranes and tissue repair. Therefore, we hypothesized that Zn deficiency in the alveolar space may contribute significantly to the cellular dysfunction and increased epithelial permeability in the “alcoholic lung” and that these defects could be corrected by Zn supplementation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet ± alcohol for 6 weeks. Zn acetate (0.2%) was added to the alcohol diets of some rats. Alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from each rat and grown to monolayer confluence (8 days), at which time the permeability was determined by measuring the flux of radiolabeled sucrose across each monolayer. In some experiments, Zn acetate (1-20 μM) was added to the alveolar epithelial cell monolayers in vitro to determine whether Zn had any direct effects on the alcoholic airway epithelium. Chronic alcohol ingestion significantly increased the alveolar epithelial permeability compared with control-fed rats. Zinc supplements, either in vivo or in vitro, significantly decreased the alcohol-induced abnormal permeability in the alveolar epithelium, and in the in vitro experiments, this protective effect of Zn was concentration dependent. Interestingly, Zn treatment, either in vivo or in vitro, appeared to increase the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that Zn deficiency, in part through changes in tight junction assembly and/or function, may be one of the mechanisms by which alcohol abuse impairs alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and increases the susceptibility to acute lung injury. We speculate that Zn supplementation could improve alveolar epithelial barrier function and decrease the incidence and/or severity of acute lung injury in this highly vulnerable patient population.
On Deviation of Our Country's Judicature Independence Theory and Practice

Judicature independence is the key problem in the process of our country's legal modernization. At present, though in theory our country's judicature independence has the base of constitution, in practice it is faced with many serious problems, that is, the fact that judicature can not be independent due to interference from different sectors is indisputable. There are many causes: that of leading system and monitoring mechanism, of judicature itself, of society and culture, of imperfection of law and of history and economy.
Pedunculated Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma in a Newborn.

Journal of Pediatrics, The - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since lundi 6 juin 2016
The association of neuroblastoma with myoclonic encephalopathy of infants: the use of magnetic resonance as an imaging modality

AbstractThe association of neural crest tumors with myoclonic encephalopathy of infants has been well described. Since these tumors often are clinically occult the diagnostic modalities used to identify these lesions need to be sensitive. We describe a child with neuroblastoma associated with infantile myoclonic encephalopathy in whom magnetic resonance imaging identified the lesion while other techniques were unable to demonstrate a mass clearly. Magnetic resonance imaging should be considered as a diagnostic modality when adrenal lesions are suspected but not apparent with other imaging techniques.
Three Persons in One Being: On Attempts to Show that the Doctrine of the Trinity is Self-Contradictory

Enemies of the Church have frequently contended that the doctrine of the Holy Trinity is not only false, but violates various elementary logical principles. In this essay, I show that, on one understanding of the doctrine, this charge is unfounded.
Building a culture of health: A new framework and measures for health and health care in America

For generations, Americans' health has been unequally influenced by income, education, ethnicity, and geography. Health care systems have operated largely apart from each other and from community life. The definition of health has been the "absence of illness," rather than the recognition that all aspects of our lives should support health. Today, a growing number of communities, regions, and states are working to redefine what it means to get and stay healthy by addressing the multiple determinants of health. The requirements of federal health care reform are changing who has access to care, how care is paid for and delivered, and how patients and providers interact. Coordinated efforts to promote wellness and prevent diseases are proliferating among a diverse set of stakeholders. These developments in health and in society present a window of opportunity for real societal transformation-a chance to catalyze a national movement that demands and supports a widely shared, multifaceted vision for a Culture of Health. To address this challenge, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has embarked on a strategic direction to use the tools of a large national philanthropy to catalyze a social movement which we are calling Building a Culture of Health. This article presents the Foundation's new model for a Culture of Health, the trans-disciplinary research that developed a set of metrics that tie to the model, and the community engagement activities undertaken in the development of both the model and metrics. The model and associated metrics and extensive communication, in addition to partnership, and grant funding strategies, represent a culture change strategy being implemented over 20 years. Addressing underlying inequities in health affirming life conditions and improving social cohesion across diverse groups to take action to improve theses condition lay at the heart of this strategy.
Fully abstract compilation via universal embedding

A fully abstract compiler guarantees that two source components are observationally equivalent in the source language if and only if their translations are observationally equivalent in the target. Full abstraction implies the translation is secure: target-language attackers can make no more observations of a compiled component than a source-language attacker interacting with the original source component. Proving full abstraction for realistic compilers is challenging because realistic target languages contain features (such as control effects) unavailable in the source, while proofs of full abstraction require showing that every target context to which a compiled component may be linked can be back-translated to a behaviorally equivalent source context. We prove the first full abstraction result for a translation whose target language contains exceptions, but the source does not. Our translation---specifically, closure conversion of simply typed λ-calculus with recursive types---uses types at the target level to ensure that a compiled component is never linked with attackers that have more distinguishing power than source-level attackers. We present a new back-translation technique based on a shallow embedding of the target language into the source language at a dynamic type. Then boundaries are inserted that mediate terms between the untyped embedding and the strongly-typed source. This technique allows back-translating non-terminating programs, target features that are untypeable in the source, and well-bracketed effects.
Attitude Reports, Cognitive Products, and Attitudinal Objects: A Response to G. Felappi On Product-Based Accounts of Attitudes

In a range of recent and not so recent work (Moltmann 2003a, 2003b, 2004, 2013, 2014, 2016b, 2016d), I have developed a novel semantics of attitude reports on which the notion of an attitudinal object or cognitive product takes center stage, that is, entities such as thoughts claims and decisions. The purpose of this note is to give a brief summary of this account against the background of the standard semantics of attitude reports and to show that the various sorts of criticism that Felappi (2014) recently advanced against it are mistaken.
An Update on Treatment of Pediatric Chronic Non-Infectious Uveitis.

There are no standardized treatment protocols for pediatric non-infectious uveitis. Topical corticosteroids are the typical first-line agent, although systemic corticosteroids are used in intermediate, posterior, and panuveitic uveitis. Corticosteroids are not considered to be long-term therapy due to potential ocular and systemic side effects. In children with severe and/or refractory uveitis, timely management with higher dose disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents is important. Increased doses earlier in the disease course may lead to improved disease control and better visual outcomes. In general, methotrexate is the usual first-line steroid-sparing agent and given as a subcutaneous weekly injection at >0.5 mg/kg/dose or 10–15 mg/m2 due to better bioavailability. Other DMARDs, for instance mycophenolate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine, are less common treatments for pediatric uveitis. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents, primarily infliximab and adalimumab, are used as second-line agents in children refractory to methotrexate or as first-line treatment in those with severe complicated disease at presentation. Infliximab may be given at a minimum of 7.5 mg/kg/dose every 4 weeks after loading doses, and up to 20 mg/kg/dose. Adalimumab may be given up to 20 or 40 mg weekly. In children who fail anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents, develop anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies, experience adverse effects, or have difficulty with tolerance, there is less data available regarding subsequent treatment. Promising results have been noted with tocilizumab infusions every 2–4 weeks, abatacept monthly infusions, and rituximab.
A Neurophysiology of Mind

The search for electrophysiologic correlates of mental ill ness must proceed in parallel with the investigation of the neuro-physiologic basis of normal mental processes. The difficulty and complexity of the latter enterprise is apparent, yet most of our efforts to examine relations between brain potentials and psychopathology have comprised rather simple approaches which seek pathognomonic alterations in the electroencephalogram or in event-related brain potentials. This strategy rests upon two principal assumptions. First, that relatively homogeneous diagnostic groupings can be clinically defined which share some common pathobiologic mechanism; and second, that the underlying neurobiological abnormality be reflected in some observable aspect of scalp recorded potentials. As I have pointed out elsewhere (Vaughan, 1975, and in press), neither of these presumptions has a high probability of being correct. Clearly, the nosology of mental illness cannot pretend to the definition of neurobiologically homogeneous entities. Phenomenologically, individual instances of deviant psychological function are not only diverse in their behavioral manifestations but vary strikingly over time, except perhaps in certain chronically institutionalized patients.
High-gain observers in the presence of sensor nonlinearities

The paper addresses the high-gain observer design for nonlinear systems in the presence of sensor nonlinearities. It is shown that the properties of high-gain observers with linear outputs will hold with nonlinear outputs, provided the nonlinear output function is incrementally inside the sector [β, ∞] for some β > 0 and the observer eigenvalues are chosen to be real.
I-deals: Idiosyncratic Deals Employees Bargain for Themselves : Idiosyncratic Deals Employees Bargain for Themselves

Employees with valuable skills and a sense of their own worth can make their jobs, pay, perks, and career opportunities different from those of their coworkers in subtle and not-so-subtle ways. Work at home arrangements, flexible hours, special projects - personally negotiated arrangements like these can be a valuable source of flexibility and personal satisfaction, but at the risk of creating inequality and resentment by other employees. This book shows how such individual arrangements can be made fair and acceptable to coworkers, and beneficial to both the employee and the employer. Written by the world's leading expert on the subject, I-deals: Idiosyncratic Deals Employees Bargain for Themselves challenges traditional notions that standardization is the way to create workplace justice. The book is filled with real examples, cases, and supporting data. It expands conventional ideas of workplace fairness, provides details on the power that workers influence over their employment conditions, and spells out how employees and employers can channel this influence into mutually beneficial innovations. The book is "must reading" for students and scholars in the fields of human resource management and organizational behavior, and for managers and employees everywhere.
Investigating neurogenic bowel in experimental spinal cord injury: Where to begin?

The devastating losses following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) encompass the motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Neurogenic bowel is a slow transit colonic dysfunction marked by constipation, rectal evacuation difficulties, decreased anorectal sensation, fecal incontinence or some combination thereof. Furthermore, neurogenic bowel is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of SCI and is recognized by afflicted individuals and caregivers as a lifelong physical and psychological challenge that profoundly affects quality of life. The restoration of post-injury control of movement has received considerable scientific scrutiny yet the daily necessity of voiding the bowel and bladder remains critically under-investigated. Subsequently, physicians and caregivers are rarely presented with consistent, evidence-based strategies to successfully address the consequences of dysregulated voiding reflexes. Neurogenic bowel is commonly believed to result from the interruption of the supraspinal control of the spinal autonomic circuits regulating the colon. In this mini-review, we discuss the clinical challenges presented by neurogenic bowel and emerging pre-clinical evidence that is revealing that SCI also initiates functional remodeling of the colonic wall concurrent with a decrease in local enteric neurons. Since the enteric input to the colonic smooth muscle is the final common pathway for functional contractions of the colon, changes to the neuromuscular interface must first be understood in order to maximize the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting colonic dysfunction following SCI.
Effects of Infiltration Characteristics on Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Stability of an Interstate Highway Embankment

AbstractInfiltration-induced landslides are among the most common natural disasters threatening modern civilization, but conventional methods for studying the triggering mechanisms and predicting t...
NanoSIMS imaging reveals metabolic stratification within current-producing biofilms.

Metal-reducing bacteria direct electrons to their outer surfaces, where insoluble metal oxides or electrodes act as terminal electron acceptors, generating electrical current from anaerobic respiration. Geobacter sulfurreducens is a commonly enriched electricity-producing organism, forming thick conductive biofilms that magnify total activity by supporting respiration of cells not in direct contact with electrodes. Hypotheses explaining why these biofilms fail to produce higher current densities suggest inhibition by formation of pH, nutrient, or redox potential gradients; but these explanations are often contradictory, and a lack of direct measurements of cellular growth within biofilms prevents discrimination between these models. To address this fundamental question, we measured the anabolic activity of G. sulfurreducens biofilms using stable isotope probing coupled to nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS). Our results demonstrate that the most active cells are at the anode surface, and that this activity decreases with distance, reaching a minimum 10 µm from the electrode. Cells nearest the electrode continue to grow at their maximum rate in weeks-old biofilms 80-µm-thick, indicating nutrient or buffer diffusion into the biofilm is not rate-limiting. This pattern, where highest activity occurs at the electrode and declines with each cell layer, is present in thin biofilms ( 20 µm), and at different anode redox potentials. These results suggest a growth penalty is associated with respiring insoluble electron acceptors at micron distances, which has important implications for improving microbial electrochemical devices as well as our understanding of syntrophic associations harnessing the phenomenon of microbial conductivity.
The Threats of Returning Foreign Terrorist Fighters for the European Security

There does not exist a unique and authentic definition of the term “foreign terrorist fighters” nowadays, same as the term “terrorism”. The paper will provide an overview of the international legal...
Examples of Sierpiński–Zygmund maps in the class of Darboux-like functions

The Darboux-like functions represent a group of maps that are continuous in a generalized sense. The algebra of subsets of $${\mathbb {R}}^{\mathbb {R}}$$ (i.e., maps from $${\mathbb {R}}$$ to $${\mathbb {R}}$$) generated by these classes has nine atoms, that is, the smallest non-empty elements of the algebra. The subject of this work is to study the intersections of these atoms with the class $${{\,\mathrm{SZ}\,}}$$ of Sierpinski–Zygmund functions—the maps that have as little of the standard continuity as possible. Specifically, we will show that it is independent of the standard axioms of set theory that each of these atoms has a non-empty intersection with $${{\,\mathrm{SZ}\,}}$$. For seven of the nine atoms this has been unknown, and the constructions of the examples provide answers to the problems stated in a recent survey A century of Sierpinski–Zygmund functions of K. C. Ciesielski and J. Seoane-Sepulveda. Notice that lineability of the main classes of Darboux-like functions, as well as of Sierpinski–Zygmund functions, has been intensively studied. The presented work opens a possibility to study also the lineability of the nine smaller classes we discuss here.
FOXes at play in the lymphoma landscape

The biologic complexity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is governed by a dynamic bidirectional relationship between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This multifaceted inte...
What is My Value as a Doctor

A weekly habit of viewing my performance data led me to question the value of my doctoring. I tried to answer this quandary in my head for months, but it was a patient encounter that revealed what I had been searching for. As a doctor I am bound to the care of another, especially when disease, disability, or injury create any space between a patient and their personhood. I stand in the breach. To offset my data habit, I have adopted a practice that reviews my patient care and interior movements at the end of the day. The daily exercise has uncovered a pattern in which my anger, despair, or isolation are invariably are tied to those times when I have failed to stand in the breach with a patient. More importantly, the practice illuminates my finest hours, when I have entered into that chasm with an unstated and binding promise to my patient that they will not be abandoned.
248. Why so Much Vancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam Usage Given Known Risks of Nephrotoxicity

Background Despite years of published data describing the increased risk of nephrotoxicity with use of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam (VPT), this combination remains one of the most utilized antibiotic combinations at our institution. There is limited data describing the appropriateness of empiric use of this broad-spectrum regimen. Our primary objective was to evaluate the appropriateness of the anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), anti-pseudomonal, and anti-anaerobic spectrum of activity for patients empirically treated with this combination. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the appropriateness of diagnostic evaluation in patients started on this combination.
Overlapping Immunohistochemical Features of Adenocarcinoma of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium and Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose To find immunohistochemical markers that distinguish adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE) from metastatic carcinoma, especially metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Three cases of adenocarcinoma of the NPCE were examined histologically with hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemical stains including vimentin, AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, CK7, PAX2, PAX8, AMACR, and CAIX. We also reviewed previously reported cases of this tumor. Results We found that the immunohistochemical profile of adenocarcinoma of the NPCE can overlap with renal cell carcinoma. Both tumors can express vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, PAX2, PAX8, and AMACR. One of the adenocarcinomas of the NPCE in our series also expressed CD10 and the renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC Ma). Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was not detected in any of the 3 tumors. Conclusions Adenocarcinomas arising in phthisic eyes can be diagnostically challenging. We have found it particularly difficult to distinguish adenocarcinoma of the NPCE from metastatic carcinoma, especially metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Because of the immunophenotypic overlap, most patients will require systemic workup including imaging of the kidneys to be certain of the diagnosis.
High-Dimensional Cost-constrained Regression Via Nonconvex Optimization

Budget constraints become an important consideration in modern predictive modeling due to the high cost of collecting certain predictors. This motivates us to develop cost-constrained predictive mo...