cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Outcome for patients With Cerebrovascular Disease in University and Community Hospitals

Medical records form 1,117 cases of cerebrovascular disese from a university and four community hospitals contained data adequate to define the care process, case severity and rates of death and disability (outcome) for patients with certain stroke syndromes. Outcome for patients with "acute stroke" and "vague syndrome" attributed to stroke was different according to the patient's hospital and attending physician. The more frequent case fatality among generalists' patients with vague syndrome was related to case severity; generalists' patients were older and more severely obtunded. Different fatality rates for acute stroke according to the patients's attending physician and hospital, and for vague syndrome according to hospital, were not explained by differences in case severity. Instead, these rates correlated with the care used to prevent, dagnose and treat pneumonia. Examination of the care process for these stroke patients also suggested: (a)that the brain scan and electroencephalogram can be used less frequently in some hospitals in cases of acute stroke, (b) that a more careful neurological examination and other diagnostic work is needed for young or comatose patients with vague syndrome, (c) that oral papaverine is used with unnecessary frequency, and (d) that the indications for anticoagulation of stroke patients should be reviewed.
The Two Antibody Specificities Within Human Anti-Blood Group B Antibodies

ANTIBODIES to blood group antigens have been regarded as natural anticarbohydrate antibodies with an absolute specificity to the wellcharacterized blood group A or B antigenic epitopes.I ,2 However, long before the determination of blood group antigen structures, Landsteiner and Miller observed that anti-B antibodies are in fact heterogeneous antibodies recognizing more than one antigen. They found that whereas New World monkey red cells are agglutinated byhuman anti-B antibodies, these red cells do not bind anti-B antibodies from sera of rabbits immunized with Bred cells. 3 This suggested that human anti-B sera contain, in addition to antibodies reacting with B antigen, antibodies directed toward a different antigenic structure that closely resembles B antigen, designated B-like antigen. B-like antigen was assumed to be present on New World monkey red cells, but absent from human, ape, and Old World monkey red cells. 3 These early observations were confirmed thereafter by other investigators as well. 4 Furthermore, Owen found that rabbit red cells also express B-like antigen, which can adsorb only a portion of human anti-B antibody reactivity. The fact that B-like antigen on rabbit red cells is different from B-antigen on human red cells was also evident from the finding that after immunization with B red cells, rabbits produce highly reactive anti-B antibodies. 3,7 The present work reviews some of our recent studies that explain the Band B-like specificities of antibodies within human anti-B sera. We found B-like antigen to be the Galal~3Gal epitope, which differs from B antigen in lacking the fucosyl residue which, in B antigenic epitopes, are linked
Bounded Ethicality The Perils of Loss Framing

Ethical decision making is vulnerable to the forces of automaticity. People behave differently in the face of a potential loss versus a potential gain, even when the two situations are transparently identical. Across three experiments, decision makers engaged in more unethical behavior if a decision was presented in a loss frame than if the decision was presented in a gain frame. In Experiment 1, participants in the loss-frame condition were more likely to favor gathering "insider information" than were participants in the gain-frame condition. In Experiment 2, negotiators in the loss-frame condition lied more than negotiators in the gain-frame condition. In Experiment 3, the tendency to be less ethical in the loss-frame condition occurred under time pressure and was eliminated through the removal of time pressure.
Engineering large knowledge-based systems

Abstract Designers of knowledge-based systems seem to have the perception that realistic systems can be built by individual programmers. This approach no longer works for very large systems. Building large systems is a collaborative effort of people who each take responsibility for only part of the work. Software engineering has focused on the complications arising from system size and organizing people. This paper describes how software engineering might help in recognizing the problems of building large knowledge-based systems and in offering some methods tools and techniques to solve these problems. The paper ends with making the point that benefits may also flow in the other direction, from Artificial Intelligence to software engineering, resulting in a general improvement of these tools, methods and techniques.
A preliminary study of the effects of sub thalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on voice and speech characteristics in Parkinson's Disease (PD).

L'A. presente une recherche sur les effets de la stimulation profonde du cerveau - procedure therapeutique traitant les symptomes moteurs lies a la maladie de Parkinson - du noyau sous-thalamique sur la voix et la parole chez un patient atteint de la maladie
Deletion analysis identifies key functional domains of the cytadherence‐associated protein HMW2 of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae attachment to host cells requires biogenesis of a functional attachment organelle, including proper localization of the adhesion protein P1 to this structure. Mutations in the hmw2 gene result in the inability to cytadhere, failure to localize P1 to the attachment organelle, altered cell morphology and accelerated turnover of the cytadherence-associated proteins HMW1, HMW3 and P65. The hmw2 gene encodes HMW2 (190 kDa) and P28 (28 kDa), the latter apparently the product of internal translation initiation near the 3' end of the hmw2 coding region. Transformation of hmw2 mutant I-2 with recombinant wild-type hmw2 restores a wild-type phenotype. In the current study, a severely truncated hmw2 gene with an in frame internal deletion of 80% of the HMW2 coding region that leaves the P28-encoding region intact restored cytadherence to mutant I-2. Transformants produced the expected 38 kDa HMW2 derivative (HMW2Deltamid) at levels comparable to that of HMW2 in wild-type cells; like HMW2, HMW2Deltamid exhibited marked Triton X-100 insolubility. HMW3, P65 and P28 were fully restored, but not HMW1. These transformants were morphologically similar to wild-type M. pneumoniae but failed to localize P1 to the attachment organelle. Finally, a C-terminally truncated HMW2 derivative was partly Triton X-100 soluble and incapable of restoring HMW1, HMW3 and P65 to wild-type levels. These data are consistent with a model in which the C-terminal domain of HMW2 imparts normal localization to the protein, and this localization itself is required for productive interactions with downstream cytadherence-associated proteins. Furthermore, these results emphasize the association of HMW1 with P1 clustering.
Numinosity and Adaptation to Stress: The Role of Religiosity, Spirituality and Religious Coping in Adaptation to Significant Life Events

The objectives of this study were to examine what role the numinous traits of spirituality, religiosity and religious coping play in one’s adaptation to stress associated with divorce, above and beyond the predictive role of the robust construct called personality. Using scores from instruments measuring the above referenced domains from participants who had recently experienced a separation or divorce (N = 509), this study employed correlational statistics and multiple regression analysis to assess the unique contributions which each domain made to the variance in adaptation to stress. This study elucidates the contributions made by numinous constructs (above that of personality) to one’s adaptation to stress. Results indicated that spirituality, religiosity, and religious coping produced significant contributions to the variance in adaptation to stress over personality. This suggests that these constructs are important considerations for counselors and their clients who are struggling with stressful events like marital separation and divorce.
Calcium absorption: A paradigm for mineral absorption

Intestinal calcium absorption proceeds by two mechanisms, an active transcellular process that takes place in the duodenum and a passive paracellular process throughout the small intestine. This article characterizes the three steps of transcellular calcium movement-entry, intracellular diffusion and extrusion-and identifies conditions that must be satisfied for other mineral ions to move transcellularly as part of a transepithelial transport process. Passive calcium movement is down a chemical gradient with the amount absorbed by this pathway determined in large measure by the sojourn time, most of which is spent in the ileum. Because transcellular movement of most mineral ions other than calcium, where measured, is either small or negligible, passive transport is likely to be the major route of intestinal absorption, the nature of which, however, has not been well established experimentally.
Training methods for visual inspection tasks

The visual inspection process in the casting industry is a subjective task. Inspectors are often required to make absolute judgments when deciding to classify a casting as acceptable or in need of re-work. Due to this subjectivity, castings can be incorrectly classified as acceptable or scheduled for unnecessary re-work, leading to longer production times or higher costs. It is of interest for both manufacturers and customers of the casting industry to improve the visual inspection process. This research was performed with the goal of using an inspection strategy based on rastering to improve the success of a visual inspection task. Paper and video training methods were used to present a rastering strategy to each participant. The results indicate that video assisted rastering training produced superior results when compared to basic rastering training.
Offloading IDS Computation to the GPU

Signature-matching Intrusion Detection Systems can experience significant decreases in performance when the load on the IDS-host increases. We propose a solution that off-loads some of the computation performed by the IDS to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Modern GPUs are programmable, stream-processors capable of high-performance computing that in recent years have been used in non-graphical computing tasks. The major operation in a signature-matching IDS is matching values seen operation to known black-listed values, as such, our solution implements the string-matching on the GPU. The results show that as the CPU load on the IDS host system increases, PixelSnort?s performance is significantly more robust and is able to outperform conventional Snort by up to 40%.
Complementary and Alternative Exercises for Management of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition characterized by degeneration of cartilage and its underlying bone within a joint. With no cure currently available, the goals of treating OA are to alleviate pain, maintain, or improve joint mobility, increase the muscle strength of the joints, and minimize the disabling effects of the disease. Recent research has suggested that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) exercises may improve OA symptoms. This paper covers CAM mind-body exercises—Tai Chi, qigong, and yoga—for OA management and evaluates their benefits in pain reduction, muscle strength, physical function, stiffness, balance, fear of falling, self-efficacy, quality of life, and psychological outcomes in patients with OA, based on randomized controlled trials published. Findings from the literature suggest that CAM exercises demonstrate considerable promise in the management of OA. Future studies require rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes.
The Effects of the Recovery Act upon Labor Organization

The new features of general application introduced by the Act: prohibition of discrimination, 53; right to select a labor organization as the representative with whom employer must deal, 55; fixing of code terms without antecedent collective bargaining, 67; union representation on boards to settle labor disputes in the industry or on code authorities not general, 59. — Effects: strengthening of unions which had already established effective collective action over competitive areas, 62; obstacles to effective collective bargaining over competitive areas within the industry by separate organizations of the unskilled and semi-skilled, 66; importance of feasibility of fixing standard wage rates for better-paid workers over competitive areas, 69; craft vs. vertical unionism in mass-production industries, 71; competition of employee representation plans with outside organizations, 73; stimulus to political action, 77.
Initiative Taking in Negotiation

We examine the relationship between initiative behavior in negotiation dialogues and the goals and outcomes of the negotiation. We propose a novel annotation scheme for dialogue initiative, including four labels for initiative and response behavior in a dialogue turn. We annotate an existing human-human negotiation dataset, and use initiative-based features to try to predict both negotiation goal and outcome, comparing our results to prior work using other (non-initiative) features sets. Results show that combining initiative features with other features leads to improvements over either set and a majority class baseline.
Time-Dependent Formulation of the Semiclassical Approximation in Collision Theory

A semiclassical approximation is presented which uses the wave-pocket formulation of collision theory. First an appropriate semiclassical approximation is derived by assuming that the wave packet is and remains narrow during the passage of the interaction region. After this, a process is devised to decompose a macroscopic wave packet into narrow wave packets. The wave function, after the collision, is obtained by summing up the contributions from all the narrow wave packets into which the macroscopic wave packet was decomposed. Finally, using this function, the $S$ matrix and the scattering cross section are calculated.
Rethinking optical fiber

This talk will focus on optical fibers of novel yet practical compositions, fabricated using the molten core process, enable a wide variety of unusual and highly useful properties of interest to defense, communications, and sensing applications.
Ethical Considerations in the Application of the Scientist–Practitioner Model for Psychologists Conducting Intervention Research

This paper explores the scientist–practitioner model as a paradigm for psychologists involved in treatment research, as it has been instrumental in defining the field of clinical psychology as a science-driven profession. The principles and standards of the APA Ethics Code (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct with the 2010 Amendments. Retrieved June 3, from, http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx 2010) are used as the foundation to guide scientist–practitioners as they navigate unique ethical dilemmas and issues that arise when engaging in the simultaneous pursuit of research and clinical endeavors. Specific ethical issues will be discussed, including conflicts of interest, the process of informed consent, relationship boundaries, and boundaries of competence. Recommendations are made for optimizing outcomes for clients and professionals using this model, including adherence to established informed consent procedures and treatment research protocols, as well as collaboration with those not invested in the outcome of research and clinical endeavors. Solutions are proposed as a means of maintaining the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity and responsibility, and integrity in the ethical practice of treatment outcome research.
Molecular genetic response to varied wavelengths of light in Xiphophorus maculatus skin

Xiphophorus fishes represent a model often utilized to study UVB induced tumorigenesis. Recently, varied genetic responses to UVB exposure have been documented in the skin of female and male Xiphophorus, as have differences in UVB response in the skin of different parental species and for interspecies hybrids produced from crossing them. Additionally, it has been shown that exposure to "cool white" fluorescent light induces a shift in the genetic profiles of Xiphophorus skin that is nearly as robust as the UVB response, but involves a fundamentally different set of genes. Given these results and the use of Xiphophorus interspecies hybrids as an experimental model for UVB inducible melanoma, it is of interest to characterize genes that may be transcriptionally modulated in a wavelength specific manner. The global molecular genetic response of skin upon exposure of the intact animal to specific wavelengths of light has not been investigated. Herein, we report results of RNA-Seq experiments from the skin of male Xiphophorus maculatus Jp 163 B following exposure to varied 50nm wavelengths of light ranging from 300-600nm. We identify two specific wavelength regions, 350-400nm (88 genes) and 500-550nm (276 genes), that exhibit transcriptional modulation of a significantly greater number of transcripts than any of the other 50nm regions in the 300-600nm range. Observed functional sets of genes modulated within these two transcriptionally active light regions suggest different mechanisms of gene modulation.
Quantum Theory of Cyclotron Resonance in Semiconductors: General Theory

The most general form of the Hamiltonian of an electron or hole in a semiconductor such as Si or Ge, in the presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field, is given. Two methods of obtaining the corresponding energy levels are discussed. The first should yield very accurate values for the magnetic field in the (111) direction for either Si or Ge. The second is a perturbation method and is expected to give good results only for Ge.
Does Retirement Impact Health Care Utilization

The objective of this paper is to estimate the causal effect of retirement on health care utilization. To do so, we use data from the 1992-2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the 2004-2006 waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). In particular, we estimate the causal impact of retirement on health care utilization as measured by: doctor visits, visits to a general practitioner, nights in the hospital, and preventative care use. This paper uses panel data and instrumental variable methods, exploiting variation in statutory retirement ages across countries, to estimate the causal effects. Cross-country comparisons allow us to examine the role of a health care system’s use of the general practitioner as a gate keeper to specialists in this relationship. We find that while retirement is associated with increased health care use, our causal estimates show that retirement leads to fewer doctor visits in both the US and continental Europe. Nights in the hospital are unaffected by retirement status. Further we find that health care systems with primary care physicians who act as gatekeepers are particularly effective at decreasing doctor visits at retirement. Therefore, we conclude that increasing the statutory retirement age to help the solvency of the retirement systems will also increase doctor visits as individuals continue to work longer. In the US, the burden of this increased utilization will likely be borne by private insurance companies and public insurance to the extent it covers working individuals in their 60’s. European evidence suggests that this increase in doctor visits due to delayed retirement will be particularly evident in health systems without strong gatekeeper roles for general practitioners.
PPDB: The Paraphrase Database

We present the 1.0 release of our paraphrase database, PPDB. Its English portion, PPDB:Eng, contains over 220 million paraphrase pairs, consisting of 73 million phrasal and 8 million lexical paraphrases, as well as 140 million paraphrase patterns, which capture many meaning-preserving syntactic transformations. The paraphrases are extracted from bilingual parallel corpora totaling over 100 million sentence pairs and over 2 billion English words. We also release PPDB:Spa, a collection of 196 million Spanish paraphrases. Each paraphrase pair in PPDB contains a set of associated scores, including paraphrase probabilities derived from the bitext data and a variety of monolingual distributional similarity scores computed from the Google n-grams and the Annotated Gigaword corpus. Our release includes pruning tools that allow users to determine their own precision/recall tradeoff.
Multi-year ground-based observations of aerosol-cloud interactions in the Mid-Atlantic of the United States

The U.S. Mid-Atlantic region experiences a wide variability of aerosol loading and frequent episodes of elevated anthropogenic aerosol loading associated with urban pollution conditions during summer months. In this study, multi-year ground-based observations (2006 to 2010) of aerosol and cloud properties from passive, active and in situ measurements at an atmospheric measurement field station in the Baltimore–Washington corridor operated by Howard University were analyzed to examine aerosol indirect effect on single-layer warm clouds including cloud optical depth (COD), liquid water path (LWP), cloud droplet effective radius (Re) and cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) in this region. A greater occurrence of polluted episodes and cloud cases with smaller Re (<7 µm) were found during the polluted year summers (2006, 2007 and 2008) than the clean year summers (2009 and 2010). The measurements of aerosol particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) were used to represent the aerosol loading under cloudy conditions. Significant negative relationships between cloud droplet Re and PM2.5 were observed. Cloud cases were separated into clean and polluted groups based on the value of PM2.5. The cloud droplet Re was found proportional to LWP under clean conditions but weakly dependent on LWP under polluted conditions. The Nd was proportional to LWP under polluted condition but weakly dependent on LWP under clean conditions. Moreover, the effects of increasing fine aerosol particles on modifying cloud microphysical properties were found more significant under large LWP than small LWP in this region.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Submarine Propellers

High-fidelity, eddy-resolving, simulations of marine propellers are challenging due to the coexistence of moving and stationary elements within the computational box, as well as the need to accurately resolve the dynamics of wake structures such as the tip and hub vortices, which have an effect on the acoustic signature of underwater vehicles. Although an isolated propeller in open-water conditions can be simulated in a rotating reference frame, in a computation involving the body of an appended submarine, e.g., the relative motion needs to be properly treated. This increases the computational cost and reduces the accuracy/robustness of typical body-fitted approaches. In this work, an immersed boundary formulation is utilized to perform large-eddy simulations of a propeller in open-water conditions and in the presence of an upstream appendage at zero incidence. In such case, the requirement for the grid to conform to the moving body is relaxed—solution is locally reconstructed to satisfy boundary conditions—and efficient, conservative structured solvers can be used. This enables us to capture the detailed dynamics of the tip vortices and their footprint on the statistics of the wake. The influence of the upstream appendage is also assessed.
Development of Engineering Uncertainty Repository

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in engineering, but it is not taught in most of engineering courses. One of the major problems is the lack of proper teaching materials. The objective of this project is to create an Engineering Repository with teaching and learning materials so that they can be adopted in various engineering courses. We at first discuss the basics of uncertainty and the need of uncertainty education. We then report the current status of the development of the Engineering Repository and its use in classes of Dynamics and Probabilistic Engineering Design. Several examples of the Engineering Repository are also presented.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Size effects in superfluid /sup 3/He

The superfluid density and the transition temperature of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ filling the pores of packed powders of 3 different sizes, nominally 1.0, 0.3, and 0.05 \ensuremath{\mu}m, have been measured using fourth sound. Progressively larger depressions are observed for both the superfluid density and the transition temperature as the powder size is decreased. The depression in the transition temperature has been measured as a function of pressure and is found to be consistent with theoretical estimates of the superfluid coherence length.
Single Clinical Practice's Report of Testing Initiation, Antibody Clearance, and Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Infants of Chronically HCV-Infected Mothers.

Background. Perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main source of pediatric HCV infection. However, the best time for initiation of screening and follow up of these infants is still unknown. Analysis of the clinical data of infants born to HCV-infected mothers, transmission rates, and pathway of HCV testing could be important for optimization of their management. Methods. Children of mothers with chronic HCV infection, who were observed between 1998 and 2013 at the pediatric infectious disease clinic for the first 18 months of their life, were eligible for enrollment. We analyzed the factors influencing initiation of HCV testing in these children and rate of HCV transmission as demonstrated by consecutive HCV antibody and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) amplification testing. Results. One hundred and forty-two mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The majority of mothers were intravenous drug users, had carried to term, and delivered vaginally. A high proportion of infants had at least 1 positive anti-HCV antibody assay without viremia. True HCV infection and intermittent viremia were recorded in 3.5% and 1.4% of infants, respectively. Initiation of HCV testing after 10 months of age was associated with a significant decline in the probability of obtaining a positive HCV antibody of maternal origin. Conclusions. The low likelihood for detection and confirmation of true HCV transmission before 10 months of age could challenge the early initiation of HCV screening of infants exposed to maternal HCV infection but may affect the parental need for early monitoring and counseling.
Lowest T=2, J π =0 + state in 12 C

Utilizing the $^{10}\mathrm{Be}(^{3}\mathrm{He},n)$ reaction the lowest ${0}^{+}$ $T=2$ state of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ has been located at 27.611 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.020 MeV. The result agrees with earlier ($p,t$) measurements on $^{14}\mathrm{C}$. The $T=2,1,0$ splitting of 2p-2h, ${0}^{+}$ states in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ is discussed.
Airborne spectral BRDF of various surface types (ocean, vegetation, snow, desert, wetlands, cloud decks, smoke layers) for remote sensing applications

In this paper we describe measurements of the bidirectional reflectance-distribution function (BRDF) acquired over a 30-year period (1984-2014) by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR). Our BRDF database encompasses various natural surfaces that are representative of many land cover or ecosystem types found throughout the world. CAR's unique measurement geometry allows a comparison of measurements acquired from different satellite instruments with various geometrical configurations, none of which are capable of obtaining such a complete and nearly instantaneous BRDF. This database is therefore of great value in validating many satellite sensors and assessing corrections of reflectances for angular effects. These data can also be used to evaluate the ability of analytical models to reproduce the observed directional signatures, to develop BRDF models that are suitable for sub-kilometer-scale satellite observations over both homogeneous and heterogeneous landscape types, and to test future spaceborne sensors. All of these BRDF data are publicly available and accessible in hierarchical data format (http:car.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
Double-Outlet Ventricles (with Two Adequate Ventricles)

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is an anatomic diagnostic term that describes a cardiac malformation with ventriculoarterial connections that result in both great vessels arising entirely or predominantly from the right ventricle. Many controversies associated with DORV relate to its anatomic definition, surgical management, and characterization of multiple phenotypes. In general, assuming that there are two functioning ventricles, DORV can be a tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) type or a transposition of the great arteries (TGA) type; each category has many subtypes. The resultant anatomy is dependent on the embryologic rotation of both vessels above the right ventricular outflow tract and the relationship to the ventricular septal defect (VSD). Associated cardiac malformations that frequently are noted with DORV add to the complexity of the defect. These include concordant atrioventricular connections, atrioventricular and arterial valve atresia, and atrial isomerism. Double-outlet right ventricle is frequently associated with a single functional ventricle, but this chapter focuses on DORV with two functioning ventricles.
Web-based Multi-storey C/S and B/S Structure of the Combined Enterprise Information Management System

With the computer technology and the rapid development of network technology, modern enterprises started to establish their own management information system (Management Information System, or MIS), MIS platform model on the choice of system design staff of the main problems encountered. Now Enterprise MIS platform model can be divided into three kinds: client/server mode (Client/Server, or C/S), Web browser/server mode (Browser/Server, or B/S), C/S and B/S structure of the combined model. This paper briefly based on the C/S and B/S structure of the combination of multi-layer distributed information management system analysis and design thinking.
A computational study of a phenolic based polymer with a spring-like structure

We report the stretching potentials for a helical phenolic-based polymer with high symmetry and a spring-like structure that can be stretched by a factor of 4 along the spring direction and still return to its original structure. We hope that synthetic polymer chemists assess if this polymer or a similar one can be synthesized and tested.
Probing the electrostatics of active site microenvironments along the catalytic cycle for Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase.

Electrostatic interactions play an important role in enzyme catalysis by guiding ligand binding and facilitating chemical reactions. These electrostatic interactions are modulated by conformational changes occurring over the catalytic cycle. Herein, the changes in active site electrostatic microenvironments are examined for all enzyme complexes along the catalytic cycle of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR) by incorporation of thiocyanate probes at two site-specific locations in the active site. The electrostatics and degree of hydration of the microenvironments surrounding the probes are investigated with spectroscopic techniques and mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations. Changes in the electrostatic microenvironments along the catalytic environment lead to different nitrile (CN) vibrational stretching frequencies and 13C NMR chemical shifts. These environmental changes arise from protein conformational rearrangements during catalysis. The QM/MM calculations re...
Mechanisms of Neutrophil-Mediated Killing of Endothelial Cells

Article synthese sur les differents mecanismes supposes intervenir dans la cytolyse des cellules endotheliales par les neutrophiles. Etude de la variabilite de la sensibilite des cellules endotheliales et leur participation a leur propre cytolyse
Transplantation in Inherited, Systemic, and Metabolic Diseases

The population of end-stage renal disease patients continues to grow for a variety of reasons. Advances in renal replacement therapies have resulted in relaxed criteria for patient acceptance into renal failure programs. Improved medical management of nonrenal diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis has added to the end-stage renal disease population by allowing the emergence of progressive renal failure. Finally, more elderly patients are being added to dialysis programs as a consequence of the aging of the general population. The challenges posed by the variety of medical problems in this growing, diverse population have been met by innovative approaches to renal replacement therapy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the experience of renal transplantation in several systemic, metabolic, and inherited conditions. Consonant with the theme of this book, the chapter will emphasize selection criteria, unique treatment techniques, and specialized follow-up considerations.
Critical Pedagogy in Preparation Programs

The above quote serves to remind professors of educational leadership that a “purely scientific approach” as a means for improving the world is a “frivolous illusion” (Freire, 1998). One way of attempting to improve the world, specifically that of educational leadership, would be providing equity training for aspiring and appointed educational leaders.
Reproductive Status and Blood Plasma Indicators of Sex and Gonad Maturation Status for Yelloweye Rockfish Following Barotrauma and Recompression Events

AbstractDiscard mortality of rockfishes Sebastes spp. is a management concern along the West Coast of North America. Although many rockfish species survive after barotrauma and forced recompression, it is unclear whether these mechanisms affect reproductive success. We examined whether (1) Yelloweye Rockfish S. ruberrimus in Prince William Sound, Alaska, could reproduce up to 2 years after one or more barotrauma and recompression events; and (2) blood plasma indicators (i.e., vitellogenin [VTG] and calcium [Ca2+]) could be used to identify sex and gonad maturation stage. In 2010, we captured and examined Yelloweye Rockfish that had been tagged in 2008 and 2009, and all mature females were gravid or spent. The most common barotrauma sign was esophageal eversion, with females and males exhibiting this injury 50% and 90% of the time, respectively. All other injuries, except swim bladder ruptures and tears, occurred at low frequencies and (with the exception of esophageal eversion) increased in frequency with...
Adipokines and glucose abnormalities post-renal transplantation

A tissue produces pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines and their metabolism is altered in kidney disease. Adiponectin, the main adipose tissue transcript, has antidiabetic properties, and patients with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance have low plasma adiponectin levels. However, although kidney disease is associated with insulin resistance, adiponectin is elevated in end-stage renal disease. The cause of this adiponectin elevation in renal disease is unclear although the decrease in renal clearance of the molecule has been postulated as levels of adiponectin inversely correlate with glomerular filtration rate. On the other hand, we have shown high plasma levels of inflammatory adipocytokines including adiponectin in kidney disease patients with increased adiponectin mRNA and protein expression in adipose tissue. This suggests impaired renal clearance may not be the only mechanism by which adiponectin levels are elevated in kidney disease. The driver of increased adiponectin production in kidney disease is unclear and also it is not known if adiponectin is functionally active in patients with kidney disease. Our data also suggests that adiponectin resistance in kidney disease could be the cause of the increased hormone production. Transplant-Associated Hyperglycemia (TAH) develops at relatively high rates following renal transplantation and is associated with great morbidity and mortality. After a kidney transplant plasma adipokine levels decrease but they are still higher than the plasma levels seen in patients without kidney disease. Lower pre-transplant adiponectin levels have been associated with the development of new onset diabetes after transplantation. Further mechanistic studies describing the functionality of adiponectin in kidney disease and after renal transplantation may help to unravel the pathogenesis of transplant associated hyperglycemia.
Do not Resuscitate: What Does that Mean Perioperatively?

You are running a little late this morning. That could be a problem as today’s surgeon is not known for his patience. Glancing at the schedule you see it is a “redo” heart. You meet your patient in the holding area and review his chart, and the preanesthetic assessment completed by a colleague a few days ago. He is a 69-year-old man who has undergone several stent placements over the past 5 years, an aortic valve replacement 3 years ago, and a coronary artery bypass 2 years ago. He still has severe angina and is very limited in his daily activities. He has several comorbidities including diabetes, retinopathy, and end-stage renal disease, requiring dialysis.
Peer Influence: Mechanisms and Motivations

ABSTRACTThis research addresses a question that has not been previously – why do youths try to influence their friends’ behavior? Analysis of written accounts of peer influence toward both deviance and conformity reveals clear differences in motives for peer influence toward prosocial and deviant behavior. Influence toward deviant behavior is much more likely to be motivated by selfish concerns, and influence toward prosocial behavior is more likely to be motivated by altruistic concerns. These findings are consistent with the control theory view that crime and deviance is asocial behavior, and not the result of strong social ties to others.
Commuters Versus Residents: The Effects of Living Arrangement and Student Engagement on Academic Performance

This study focused on the relationship between living arrangement (residential vs. commuter) and the academic performance (grade point average) of first-year, full time undergraduate students at one public, 4-year university in the Southeast. Additionally, we analyzed five educationally effective practices as described by the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE): level of academic challenge active and collaborative learning, student–faculty interaction, enriching educational experiences, and supportive campus environment, to identify possible mediators to the relationship between living arrangement and academic performance. We found commuter students earned higher grade point averages than residential students; however, students in both living environments benefited from participating in high levels of academic challenge. While the results of this study challenged the perception that commuters as a group achieve academically at lower levels than residential students, our findings supported prior l...
Age-Based Reproductive Healthcare Stereotype Threat (HCST) as a Stressor Affecting Prenatal Mental Health in Pregnant Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Measurement, Process, Outcomes, and Interactions with Ethnicity/Race, SES, and Other Social Identities.

Reproductive health, and pregnancy more specifically, is the first critical link between generations. Beginning with this first critical link, pregnancy acts as a domino, affecting the expression of genes and determining the lifespan mental and physical health and reproductive potential of offspring and, likely, of subsequent generations. Given the powerful intergenerational domino that is pregnancy, the development of innovative models to enhance reproductive health and outcomes is an invaluable public health investment. While US pregnancy and birth outcomes have improved dramatically since the 1960s—including substantial progress within the past 15 years, largely catalyzed by the Healthy People initiative—group-based disparities remain. What is more, social change and medical advancements have led to an evolving window of female reproductive age. Despite becoming more common, being an older expectant mother remains a stigmatized social identity. The concept of healthcare stereotype threat (HCST) is introduced in relation to reproductive health. Stereotype threat is a situational predicament in which an individual who possesses a stigmatized social identity fears being judged by and/or confirming negative group-based stereotypes. HCST is a healthcare-specific form of stereotype threat, arising out of stereotypes that are salient in healthcare settings and in relation to health services more broadly. It is hypothesized that the experience of age-based reproductive HCST is an overlooked stressor affecting prenatal mental and physical health among women of advanced maternal age. The hypothesized process of age-based reproductive HCST and its measurement are described; outcomes and consequences are discussed; interactions with ethnicity/race, SES, and other aspects of social identity are considered; and strategies for prevention and intervention are explored, including active and passive shifts in three areas: (1) internally, in both providers and patients; (2) in the institutional context or culture or the external/physical environment; and (3) within interpersonal interactions that occur in healthcare settings, particularly between physicians and patients. Implications for gynecological, infertility, and obstetric care and improving the reproductive outcomes of older women are discussed.
Fractional viscoelasticity in fractal and non-fractal media: Theory, experimental validation, and uncertainty analysis

Abstract In this paper, fractional and non-fractional viscoelastic models for elastomeric materials are derived and analyzed in comparison to experimental results. The viscoelastic models are derived by expanding thermodynamic balance equations for both fractal and non-fractal media. The order of the fractional time derivative is shown to strongly affect the accuracy of the viscoelastic constitutive predictions. Model validation uses experimental data describing viscoelasticity of the dielectric elastomer Very High Bond (VHB) 4910. Since these materials are known for their broad applications in smart structures, it is important to characterize and accurately predict their behavior across a large range of time scales. Whereas integer order viscoelastic models can yield reasonable agreement with data, the model parameters often lack robustness in prediction at different deformation rates. Alternatively, fractional order models of viscoelasticity provide an alternative framework to more accurately quantify complex rate-dependent behavior. Prior research that has considered fractional order viscoelasticity lacks experimental validation and contains limited links between viscoelastic theory and fractional order derivatives. To address these issues, we use fractional order operators to experimentally validate fractional and non-fractional viscoelastic models in elastomeric solids using Bayesian uncertainty quantification. The fractional order model is found to be advantageous as predictions are significantly more accurate than integer order viscoelastic models for deformation rates spanning four orders of magnitude.
Anisotropic Nanoparticles Contributing to Shear-Thickening Behavior of Fumed Silica Suspensions

Rheological characteristics of a concentrated suspension can be tuned using anisotropic particles having various shapes and sizes. Here, the role of anisotropic nanoparticles, such as surface-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs), on the rheological behavior of fumed silica suspensions in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is investigated. In these mixed-particle suspensions, the concentrations of MWNTs and GONPs are much lower than the fumed silica concentration. The suspensions are stable, and hydrogen-bonded PEG solvation layers around the particles inhibit their flocculation. Fumed silica suspensions over the concentration range considered here display shear-thickening behavior. However, for a larger concentration of MWNTs and with increasing aspect ratios, the shear-thickening behavior diminishes. In contrast, a distinct shear-thickening response has been observed for the GONP-containing suspensions for similar mass fractions (MFs) of MWNTs. For these sus...
Vorstandsbezüge – eine ökonomische Bewertung

Die Hohe der Vorstandsgehalter von Kapitalgesellschaften wird in Deutschland von vielen kritisiert. Ist diese Kritik aber berechtigt und lasst sie sich wirtschaftswissenschaftlich fundieren? Dies will der Aufsatz nicht nur auf Basis von betriebs- und personalwirtschaftlichem Wissen, sondern auch durch das Hinzuziehen der klassischen (arbeitswerttheoretischen) und neoklassischen (grenzproduktivitatstheoretischen) Volkswirtschaftslehre aufzeigen. Auch werden als besondere Begrundungsversuche die vielfaltigen verhaltens- und anreizbasierten sowie sozio-okonomischen Theorieansatze zur Bestimmung von Vorstandsbezugen einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen. Allen Theorien ist hier eine nur ungenugende Praxistauglichkeit gemein. Genauso wie in arbeitsteiligen Unternehmen der individuelle Beitrag eines ‚normalen‘ abhangig Beschaftigten zur Wertschopfung nicht bestimmbar ist, so gilt dies auch fur die individuelle Arbeit von Vorstanden. Daher haben die Tarifparteien fur die Praxis allgemeine (durchschnittliche) anforderungs- und leistungsorientierte Bewertungsmasstabe zur Entgelteinstufung von „normalen“ Beschaftigten entwickelt. Diese in der wirtschaftlichen Realitat bewahrte Methode konnte auch zur Bestimmung von Vorstandsgehaltern zum Einsatz kommen. Alternativ ist auch eine Bewertungsmethode auf Basis der wirtschaftlichen Gesamtsituation eines Unternehmens denkbar. Hier musste dann aber eine holistische wertschopfungs- und stakeholderbasierte Bestimmung von Vorstandsvergutungen stattfinden.
Microwave Signal at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow [Health Matters]

Lately, there has been a great deal of scientific, public, and media attention about the health and safety effects of prolonged human exposure to RF radiation, especially with regard to cancer. The situation has been acerbated, in part, by dissemination of a report from a U.S. governmentsponsored experimental study [1], [2]. Indeed, the release of the laboratory rat cancer result was deemed as something of a public health obligation by the reporting government entity-the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program [3].
Cyclothymic Temperamental Disorders

In presenting evidence for considering cyclothymia as a subaffective bipolar mood disorder, numerous transitions between cyclical affective temperaments and full-blown manic-depressive illness are documented. At the relatively milder levels of the bipolar spectrum reported here, patients with cyclothymic disorders often present with personality maladjustments rather than pure” affective complaints. The predominantly depressive forms outnumber the other types across the entire spectrum.