cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Immunogenicity Assessment of Elastin-Like Polypeptide-M2e Construct as an Influenza Antigen

The 23 amino acid-long extracellular domain of the influenza virus transmembrane protein M2 (M2e) has remained highly conserved since the 1918 pandemic, and is thus considered a good candidate for development of a universal influenza A vaccine. However, M2e is poorly immunogenic. In this study we assessed the potential of increasing immunogenicity of M2e by constructing a nanoscale-designed protein polymer containing the M2e sequence and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanodomain consisting of alanine and tyrosine guest residues (ELP(A2YA2)24). The ELP nanodomain was included to increase antigen size, and to exploit the inherent thermal inverse phase transition behavior of ELPs to purify the protein polymer. The ELP(A2YA2)24 + M2e nanodomained molecule was recombinantly synthesized. Characterization of its inverse phase transition behavior demonstrated that attachment of M2e to ELP(A2YA2)24 increased its transition temperature compared to ELP(A2YA2)24. Using a dot blot test we determined that M2e conjugated to ELP is recognizable by M2e-specific antibodies, suggesting that the conjugation process does not adversely affect the immunogenic property of M2e. Further, upon vaccinating mice with ELP(A2YA2)24 + M2e it was found that indeed the nanodomained protein enhanced M2e-specific antibodies in mouse serum compared to free M2e peptide and ELP(A2YA2)24. The immune serum could also recognize M2 expressed on influenza virions. Overall, this data suggests the potential of using molecules containing M2e-ELP nano-domains to develop a universal influenza vaccine.
The Impact of a Concurrent Trauma Alert Evaluation on Time to Head Computed Tomography in Patients with Suspected Stroke

Background: Emergency department (ED) overcrowding threatens quality of care by delaying the time to diagnosis and treatment of patients with time-sensitive diseases, such as acute stroke. Objective: The authors hypothesized that the presence of a trauma alert evaluation would impede the time to head computed tomography (hCT) in patients with stroke-like symptoms. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data on patients with potential stroke who received an hCT in an urban trauma center ED from January 1, 2004, to November 30, 2004. Structured data collection included historical and examination items, National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scale score, laboratory and radiographic results, and final diagnosis. Admitted patients were followed in hospital. Patients who presented within one hour following a trauma evaluation were compared with patients who presented without concurrent trauma for triage time until completion of hCT. Chi-square, t-tests, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used for comparisons. Results: The 171 patients enrolled had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 60.7 (± 7) years; 60% were female; and 58% were African American. Of these, 72 patients had a significant cerebrovascular event (38 [22%] ischemic stroke, 25 [15%] transient ischemic attack, seven [4%] intracranial hemorrhage, one [0.6%] subarachnoid hemorrhage, and one [0.6%] subdural hematoma). The remaining diagnoses included 4.6% migraine, 2.3% seizure, 2.9% syncope, 2.3% Bell's palsy, and 2.9% vertigo. There was no significant difference in time to hCT in patients who presented during a trauma activation and those who did not (99 minutes [interquartile range (IQR) = 24–156] vs. 101 minutes [IQR = 43–151.5]; p = 0.537). In subgroup analysis of patients with a significant cerebrovascular event, times to hCT were also similar (24 minutes [IQR = 12–99] vs. 61 minutes [IQR = 15–126]; p = 0.26). Conclusions: In the authors' institution, the presence of concurrent trauma evaluation does not delay CT imaging of patients with potential stroke.
An ad-hoc distributed execution environment for multi-agent systems

We present a distributed execution environment for multi-agent systems running in an intermittently-connected network. We describe the design and implementation of a microkernel-based prototype operating system layer that provides services for managing agent execution. The execution environment provides the user with a consistent view of a single machine, a single file system, and a unified programming model.
Influence of sex hormones on coxsackie b-3 virus infection in balb/c mice.

Abstract Mortality and necrosis in the heart following infection of Balb/c mice with a heart-adapted strain of Coxsackie B-3 virus are greater in males than females. Castration of the males prior to infection reduced mortality, myofiber necrosis, and development of T cytolytic lymphocytes reactive in vitro against infected myofibers in a 51 Cr-release assay. When the castrated males were given testosterone, mortality, necrosis, and cytotoxicity levels returned to similar levels obtained in uncastrated males. Estrone had no effect on mortality in castrated males but reduced necrosis and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, while androgen enhances Coxsackie B-3 virus heart disease, estrogen may be protective. The effects of either androgen or estrogens in the heart disease of females was unclear. Cumulative mortality levels of uncastrated or castrated females were not significantly different, nor did treatment of castrated females with testosterone enhance mortality levels or T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of infected myofibers. However, testosterone treatment of castrated females did increase inflammation and necrosis in the heart.
Adaptive reduced-order control of discrete repetitive processes with iteration-varying reference signals

Discrete repetitive processes (DRPs) operate iteratively on a fixed-length time window or trial, with the feature that the state and output on each trial are driven by the output of the previous trial. This class of systems includes the case of iterative learning control (ILC). Typical control algorithms in ILC and DRP produce N-th order closed-loop systems, where N is the trial length. Here we marry three existing results to demonstrate a DRP control algorithm that (1) uses the internal model principle to track iteration-varying signals (robust servomechanism); (2) produces a reduced-order closed-loop system; and (3) adaptively converges in the absence of plant knowledge.
Magnetic‐Field Effects in Organic Semiconducting Materials and Devices

It has been experimentally discovered that a low magnetic field (less than 500 mT) can substantially change the electroluminescence, photoluminescence, photocurrent, and electrical-injection current in nonmagnetic organic semiconducting materials, leading to magnetic-field effects (M FEs). Recently, there has been significant driving force in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of magnetic responses from nonmagnetic organic materials because of two potential impacts. First, MFEs can be powerful experimental tools in revealing and elucidating useful and non-useful excited processes occurring in organic electronic, optical, and optoelectronic devices. Second, MFEs can lead to the development of new multifunctional organic devices with integrated electronic, optical, and magnetic properties for energy conversion, optical communication, and sensing technologies. This progress report discusses magnetically sensitive excited states and charge-transport processes involved in MFEs. The discussions focus on both fundamental theories and tuning mechanisms of MFEs in nonmagnetic organic semiconducting materials.
Interactive Ambient Visualizations for Soft Advice

Some software packages offer the user soft advice: recommendations that are intended to help the user create high-quality artifacts but which may turn out to be bad advice. It is left to the user to determine whether the soft advice really will improve quality and to decide whether to adopt it. Visualizations can help the user in making this decision, but we believe that conventional visualizations are less than ideal. In this article, we describe an interactive ambient visualization to help users identify, understand, and interpret soft advice. Our visualization was developed to help programmers interpret code smells, which are indications that a software project may be suffering from design problems. We describe a laboratory experiment with 12 programmers that tests several hypotheses about our visualization. The findings suggest that our tool helps programmers to identify smells more effectively and to make more informed judgments about the design of the program under development. We then describe an a...
THE LIFE HISTORY OF EISENIA ARBOREA

THE. PURPOSE of this paper is to offer additional evidence in support of the view that antithetic alternation of generations is generally present throughout the order. Laminariales. It reports a study of the life history of Eisenia arborea Aresch. in which special attention was given to the development and behavior of the gametophytes. The earliest study of reproduction in the order Laminariales dealt only with the sporophyte bodies, while recent studies have greatly extended the knowl-
Ringing the initial Universe: the response of overdensity and transformed-density power spectra to initial spikes

We present an experiment in which we 'ring' a set of cosmological N-body-simulation initial conditions, placing spikes in the initial power spectrum at different wavenumber bins. We then measure where these spikes end up in the final conditions. In the usual overdensity power spectrum, most sensitive to contracting and collapsing dense regions, initial power on slightly non-linear scales (k ~ 0.3 h/Mpc) smears to smaller scales, coming to dominate the initial power once there. Log-density and Gaussianized-density power spectra, sensitive to low-density (expanding) and high-density regions, respond differently: initial spikes spread symmetrically in scale, both upward and downward. In fact, in the power spectrum of 1/(1 + {\delta}), spikes migrate to larger scales, showing the magnifying effect of voids on small-scale modes. These power spectra show much greater sensitivity to small-scale initial features. We also test the difference between an approximation of the Ly-{\alpha} flux field, and its Gaussianized form, and give a toy model that qualitatively explains the symmetric power spreading in Gaussianized-density power spectra. Also, we discuss how to use this framework to estimate power-spectrum covariance matrices. This can be used to track the fate of information in the Universe, that takes the form of initial degrees of freedom, one random spike per initial mode.
Critical Bifocality and Circuits of Privilege: Expanding Critical Ethnographic Theory and Design

In this article, Lois Weis and Michelle Fine introduce critical bifocality as a way to render visible the relations between groups to structures of power, to social policies, to history, and to lar...
Unconventional metal organic frameworks: porous cross-linked phosphonates.

The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth of metal organic framework compounds (MOFs). The defining character of these compounds is their porosity. However, in many cases no effort was made to show evidence that a stable porous structure has been achieved and that the pores may be accessed. In the present paper we describe recent work on porous pillared zirconium diphosphonates, and the newer and in many respects different characteristics of tin(IV) phosphonates. The Sn(IV) monophosphonates form spherical globules that exhibit very high surface areas. The surface area arises from their nano-sized particles that pack in a “house of cards” arrangement. Also, it is shown that the 1,4-monophenyldiphosphonic acid forms highly porous (250–400 m2 g−1) materials with Sn(IV) when prepared in alcohol–water media. This is not the case with analogous Zr(IV) compounds. The many variations in the syntheses of both the zirconium and tin aryl- and alkyldiphosphonate pillars and their combinations with spacers such as methyl- and monophenylphosphonic acid have created a variety of highly porous materials that are stable to 400 °C in air, highly stable in acid media, do not collapse when de-solvated, and can be post and presynthesis altered to include functional groups. Several new directions taken by other researchers are also described. However, it is emphasized in this presentation that the cross-linked compounds form particles that precipitate rapidly into nanoparticles that exhibit only short range order. Therefore, they differ from the more conventional MOFs in that they are not amenable to structure solution by X-ray or neutron diffraction techniques. Rather, they must be understood on the basis of modeling and indirect data from EM, NMR, and additional spectroscopic and textural studies.
A display for 100 million dots on a five-inch face

The paper describes a microspot tube for ultra-high resolution on a large face. With a spot diameter of 8 microns, the tube can scan a square of 8 cm in 10,000 lines, using 42° magnetic deflection. This is equivalent to the display of 100 million dots on a five-inch face. While the beam power at 20 kilovolts is only 30 mw, the power loading on the screen is 60 kilowatts per square centimeter! Vapor deposited, filmed phosphor developed by Dr. D. Cusano have been found to stand up well under these conditions. The electron-optics includes many novel features. One of these is the use of a resistive helix in the neck which effectively doubles the electrical length of the neck. Another is the use of a tiny object aperture (.0005") which is illuminated by over 20 amperes per square centimeter. This enormous intensity is generated by a microgun which uses a matrix cathode at an emission density of only 2 amperes per square centimeter.
An explicit elastic solution for a brittle film with periodic cracks

A two-dimensional explicit elastic solution is derived for a brittle film bonded to a ductile substrate through either a frictional interface or a fully bonded interface, in which periodically distributed discontinuities are formed within the film due to the applied tensile stress in the substrate and consideration of a “weak form stress boundary condition” at the crack surface. This solution is applied to calculate the energy release rate of three-dimensional channeling cracks. Fracture toughness and nominal tensile strength of the film are obtained through the relation between crack spacing and tensile strain in the substrate. Comparisons of this solution with finite element simulations show that the proposed model provides an accurate solution for the film/substrate system with a frictional interface; whereas for a fully bonded interface it produces a good prediction only when the substrate is not overly compliant or when the crack spacing is large compared with the thickness of the film. If the section is idealized as infinitely long, this solution in terms of the energy release rate recovers Beuth’s exact solution for a fully cracked film bonded to a semi-infinite substrate. Interfacial shear stress and the edge effect on the energy release rate of an asymmetric crack are analyzed. Fracture toughness and crack spacing are calculated and are in good agreement with available experiments.
Pitfalls of laparoscopic colorectal surgery and how to avoid them

SUMMARY Laparoscopic surgery is commonly used for colorectal diseases. Recently, laparoscopy for colorectal carcinoma has increased in use, especially by colorectal surgeons. Laparoscopy is associated with potential pitfalls that pose challenges to the surgeon and team. The identification and management of these pitfalls may not directly parallel those during an open approach. As such, it is essential for the surgeon to have a good working knowledge of how to avoid potential problems and how to best manage them when they do occur. This review highlights common pitfalls of laparoscopic colorectal surgery, as well as offering practical approaches to their management. Technical, patient and surgeon factors are all discussed.
A comparison of women's and men's symptoms during home recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery

Objective: To compare women's and men's recovery symptoms during home recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Design: This secondary analysis used a survey design. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to compare women's and men's recovery symptoms. Setting: Subjects were interviewed about physical and emotional symptoms they experienced after CABG at three measurement points: 1 day before discharge, 2 days after being discharged, and 3 weeks after being discharged. Subjects: A purposive sample of 20 women and 20 men recovering from their first CABG. Results: More men than women reported fatigue, chest incision discomfort, and negative emotional symptoms. Unlike men, women described numbness and discomfort in their breasts during the first weeks of recovery. Women's and men's recovery emotions centered on concerns associated with their social circumstances. Women were more likely to be older, unemployed, unmarried, and live alone, and they were anxious about who would care for them during home recovery and where that recovery would take place. Men's anxiety centered first on their immediate physical recovery symptoms and then on long-term issues in regard to return to work and activities. Conclusions: An understanding of these gender differences in CABG recovery is important so clinicians can tailor discharge planning to the specific needs of women and men.
Sustainability or Collapse? An Integrated History and Future of People on Earth

Robert Costanza, Lisa J. Graumlich and Will Steffen, editors, Sustainability or Collapse? An Integrated History and Future of People on Earth. Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 2007. xxii + 495 ...
Do Multilingual Speakers Understand the Bible Best in Their Heart Language? A Tool for Comparing Comprehension of Translations in Vernacular Languages and Languages of Wider Communication

It has been argued that speakers who are fluent in a vernacular and language of wider communication (LWC) will inevitably understand the Scriptures better in their “heart language.” I designed an e...
Simulation of Workflow and Threat Characteristics for Cyber Security Incident Response Teams

Within large organizations, the defense of cyber assets generally involves the use of various mechanisms, such as intrusion detection systems, to alert cyber security personnel to suspicious network activity. Resulting alerts are reviewed by the organization’s cyber security personnel to investigate and assess the threat and initiate appropriate actions to defend the organization’s network assets. While automated software routines are essential to cope with the massive volumes of data transmitted across data networks, the ultimate success of an organization’s efforts to resist adversarial attacks upon their cyber assets relies on the effectiveness of individuals and teams. This paper reports research to understand the factors that impact the effectiveness of Cyber Security Incidence Response Teams (CSIRTs). Specifically, a simulation is described that captures the workflow within a CSIRT. The simulation is then demonstrated in a study comparing the differential response time to threats that vary with respect to key characteristics (attack trajectory, targeted asset and perpetrator). It is shown that the results of the simulation correlate with data from the actual incident response times of a professional CSIRT.
Studies of Stokes generation in XeF-pumped CH 4

Using a diffraction-limited XeF pump laser, the beam parameters of the first-Stokes output from a single-pass CH4 Raman cell were studied. The apparent Stokes origin depended on the pump energy, and the onset of second Stokes production depended on the pump f/number.
Transgendered and Incarcerated: A Review of the Literature, Current Policies and Laws, and Ethics

Being transgendered, described as feeling that one is of the opposite gender, can be a difficult experience in today's culture. Those who are transgendered and incarcerated experience much more stress. There is a significant population of transgendered individuals in today's prison system, with estimates suggesting that the number is higher proportionally than in the general population. The question of how to treat these individuals while maintaining the safety and security of the institutions remains unanswered. In this article, we review the epidemiology of transgendered individuals in the general population and correctional facilities, describe current guidelines for the standard of care, and discuss how various correctional systems in this country apply them. We will also review case law with respect to the management and treatment of transgendered incarcerated individuals. Finally, we discuss the challenges involved in serving this population, such as provision of safe housing and medically necessary treatment. This review is provided to help in educating the forensic expert on current questions and potential future directions in the management of this population.
Hepatitis B Virus

(2003). Hepatitis B Virus. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 357-358.
Workplace Subordination and Men's Avoidance of Housework:

Understanding the determinants of men's participation in housework has been the focus of much research in the past two decades. Increasingly, scholars argue that men's reluctance to do family work is because they associate it with “women's work” and thus a threat to their masculinity. The authors extend this idea by considering the link between challenges to men's identities in the workplace and their behavior in the home. Using data collected for the Class Structure and Class Consciousness Survey, it was found that the extent of men's workplace subordination was negatively related to their performance of “feminine” tasks in the home. Moreover, this relationship was stronger in families in which wives' earnings approached those of their husbands'. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed, and a call is made for more longitudinal studies to understand the complex and evolving relationship between work and family.
Snapshot of insect-fungus arms race.

The general populace associates the arms race with nations preparing for or attempting to avoid conflicts by developing and divulging their military superiority. Unfortunately, it is not just nations that engage in excessive preparation: so do cities. For example, the City of Davis, California, population 66,000 residents and 40,000 students (University of California, Davis) acquired a Mine Resistant Ambush Protected military vehicle (1), later returned under pressure from this bike-friendly community.
The Contribution of Blood Momentum to Left Ventricular Ejection in the Dog

In five conscious dogs and two anesthetized dogs, the pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta was measured with high fidelity micromanometers. Left ventricular pressure exceeded aortic pressure in the first 30 to 50% of the ejection period. Aortic pressure exceeded left ventricular pressure during the remainder of the ejection period. The magnitude of these differences varied from 5 to 20 mm Hg. This finding in late systole implies that at this time blood is flowing out of the ventricle under its own momentum and that the aorta is a pressure source for the ventricle. The ascending aorta was suddenly occluded in five dogs to verify this hypothesis. When occlusion occurred in the last third of the ejection period, there was an abrupt fall of left ventricular pressure, apparently confirming the momentum hypothesis.
A parallel adaptive finite element simplified spherical harmonics approximation solver for frequency domain fluorescence molecular imaging

Fluorescence molecular imaging/tomography may play an important future role in preclinical research and clinical diagnostics. Time- and frequency-domain fluorescence imaging can acquire more measurement information than the continuous wave (CW) counterpart, improving the image quality of fluorescence molecular tomography. Although diffusion approximation (DA) theory has been extensively applied in optical molecular imaging, high-order photon migration models need to be further investigated to match quantitation provided by nuclear imaging. In this paper, a frequency-domain parallel adaptive finite element solver is developed with simplified spherical harmonics (SPN) approximations. To fully evaluate the performance of the SPN approximations, a fast time-resolved tetrahedron-based Monte Carlo fluorescence simulator suitable for complex heterogeneous geometries is developed using a convolution strategy to realize the simulation of the fluorescence excitation and emission. The validation results show that high-order SPN can effectively correct the modeling errors of the diffusion equation, especially when the tissues have high absorption characteristics or when high modulation frequency measurements are used. Furthermore, the parallel adaptive mesh evolution strategy improves the modeling precision and the simulation speed significantly on a realistic digital mouse phantom. This solver is a promising platform for fluorescence molecular tomography using high-order approximations to the radiative transfer equation.
The effects of inventory on vowel perception in French and Spanish: an MEG study.

Abstract Production studies have shown that speakers of languages with larger phoneme inventories expand their acoustic space relative to languages with smaller inventories [Bradlow, A. (1995). A comparative acoustic study of English and Spanish vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97(3), 1916–1924; Jongman, A., Fourakis, M., & Sereno, J. (1989). The acoustic vowel space of Modern Greek and German. Language Speech, 32, 221–248]. In this study, we investigated whether this acoustic expansion in production has a perceptual correlate, that is, whether the perceived distance between pairs of sounds separated by equal acoustic distances varies as a function of inventory size or organization. We used magnetoencephalography, specifically the mismatch field response (MMF), and compared two language groups, French and Spanish, whose vowel inventories differ in size and organization. Our results show that the MMF is sensitive to inventory size but not organization, suggesting that speakers of languages with larger inventories perceive the same sounds as less similar than speakers with smaller inventories.
Using Small, Temporary Seismic Networks for Investigating Tectonic Deformation: Brittle Deformation and Evidence for Strike-Slip Faulting in Bhutan

SUMMARY We processed data from a small, five-station temporary seismic network deployed from January 2002 until March 2003 within the Kingdom of Bhutan. We detected, associated, and located approximately 2,100 teleseismic, regional, and local events; approximately 900 were not in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Data Report catalog. We supple mented our data for these 900 events with data from the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) stations in the region. After relocation of these events, we focused on approximately 175 events that occurred near or within the borders of Bhutan. We reviewed each solution, manually timing the P- and S-waves for each event, and inverted for event locations and an average 1-D velocity model for the region. Our model was tested with other models appropriate for the region. We found a high amount of microseismicity throughout southern Bhutan and almost no seismicity under northern Bhutan and southern Tibet. Our results showed that analysis of data from small in-country seismic networks resulted in new scientific findings. In this case, we found the crust under southern Bhutan brittlely deforming, and there was evidence for strike-slip faulting, supporting previous results for the region.
Informative disagreements: associations between relationship distress, depression, and discrepancy in interpersonal perception within couples

This study evaluated the associations between relationship distress, depression symptoms, and discrepancy in interpersonal perception within couples. After completing a series of discussion tasks, couples (N = 88) rated their behavior using the circumplex-based Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Model (SASB; Benjamin, 1979, 1987, 2000). Overall, couple members were strikingly similar in their interpersonal perceptions, and tended to see themselves as friendly, reciprocal in their focus, and balanced between connection and separateness. As hypothesized, however, perceptual discrepancy was related to relationship distress and depression. Relationship distress was associated with discrepancy regarding transitive behavior focused on the partner, while depression was associated with disagreement about intransitive, self-focused behavior. Analysis of affiliation and autonomy revealed that relationship distress was associated with seeing oneself as reacting with more hostility than the partner sees, and perceiving one's partner as more hostile, more controlling, and less submissive than he or she does. Partners of depressed individuals viewed themselves as more controlling than their mate did. Men's depression was associated with disagreement between partners regarding men's self-focused behavior. RESULTS underscore the importance of considering interpersonal perception when conceptualizing relationship distress and depression within intimate relationships. Language: en
Ninny Clients of the Nanny State? Selective Paternalism in Public Benefit Programs for Older Americans

This article examines the incongruity of two conceptualizations of aging in contemporary America: older persons as adults capable (with adequate support) of exercising a high degree of self-determination by designing and managing important aspects of their own publicly financed long term care, on the one hand, versus older persons as decisionally incompetent ninnies requiring paternalistic micromanagement of their public health insurance and retirement income benefits, on the other.
Preovulatory, postovulatory, and postmaternal recognition effects of concentrations of progesterone on embryonic survival in the cow

Although fertilization rate usually is very high when male fertility is normal, pregnancy rates are below expectations when defined by the birth of live offspring in response to first service. Factors that affect establishment and retention of pregnancy include 1) preovulatory influences on the follicle and oocyte, 2) early postovulatory uterine and luteal function, 3) concentrations of hormones associated with trophoblastic and endometrial function during maternal recognition of pregnancy, and 4) less-well understood factors during the peri-attachment period. For example, decreased progesterone during preovulatory follicular development leads to a persistent follicle, premature resumption of meiosis, and a high incidence of embryonic death between the 2- and 16-cell stages. Elevated PGF(2alpha) during d 4 to 9 of the estrous cycle not only caused luteolysis but also had a direct embryotoxic effect during the morula-to-blastocyst transition. Ideal conditions during placentation and attachment are not clearly defined. Late embryonic mortality might be increased after ovulation of persistent or immature follicles. Nominal increases in secretion of PGF(2alpha) between d 30 and 35 might be important for attachment and placentation. Lower survival of embryos from wk 5 to wk 7 to 9 of gestation in the cow was associated with lower circulating concentrations of progesterone on wk 5. To maximize embryonic survival in the cow, management must provide high progesterone before estrus, quality detection of estrus, and timely insemination. Luteolytic influences of estradiol-17beta or PGF(2alpha) must be minimized early after mating and during maternal recognition of pregnancy, and high progesterone is needed during the late embryonic/early fetal period.
An Anaytical Prediction of Period-1 to Chaos in a Periodically Forced, Damped, Hardening Duffing Oscillator

In this paper, periodic motions of a periodically forced, damped Duffing oscillator are analytically predicted by use of implicit discrete mappings. The implicit discrete maps are achieved by the discretization of the differential equation of the periodically forced, damped Duffing oscillator. Periodic motion is constructed by mapping structures, and bifurcation trees of periodic motions are developed analytically, and the corresponding stability and bifurcations of periodic motion are determined through eigenvalue analysis. Finally, from the analytical prediction, numerical results of periodic motions are presented to show the complexity of periodic motions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Predictable Surprises

Justifying security expenditures in difficult economic times is problematic at best, career ending at worst. This article provides a methodology to improve the probability of budget success based on risk assessment techniques, proven project management skills, and economics.
Probabilistic Ensemble Fusion for Multimodal Word Sense Disambiguation

With the advent of abundant multimedia data on the Internet, there have been research efforts on multimodal machine learning to utilize data from different modalities. Current approaches mostly focus on developing models to fuse low-level features from multiple modalities and learn unified representation from different modalities. But most related work failed to justify why we should use multimodal data and multimodal fusion, and few of them leveraged the complementary relation among different modalities. In this paper, we first identify the correlative and complementary relations among multiple modalities. Then we propose a probabilistic ensemble fusion model to capture the complementary relation between two modalities (images and text). Experimental results on the UIUC-ISD dataset show our ensemble approach outperforms approaches using only single modality. Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the use case we studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of our probabilistic ensemble fusion model.
A note on mass activity in newborn infants.

*Received for publication by Carl Murchison of the Editorial Board, August 29, 1929. 1This investigation is a joint research conducted in the Department of Psychology and the Department of Obstetrics under Dr. Andrew Rogers.
Fiber-optic transmission of 35-GHz-subcarrier BPSK signal by using resonant enhancement of a semiconductor laser

Optical-fiber technology offers many advantages to the communication and radar industries, including high bandwidth and low loss. Single-mode fiber has a bandwidth-distance product greater than that of coaxial transmission lines. Applications of millimeter-wave transmission include processing of hundreds of antenna elements in phased arrays for radar and communication systems, antenna remoting, delay lines, and free-space intersatellite communications. Laser diodes have been used as transmitters at carrier frequencies as high as 16 GHz, and optical fiber has served as an excellent replacement for microwave and waveguide transmission lines.1,2 However, applications to millimeter-wave systems have not been possible because the largest direct modulation bandwidth reported to date in highspeed laser diodes is only 28 GHz.3
Abstract 5676: Farnesoid X receptor-mediated carcinogenic effects of bile acid in esophageal cancer: A potential chemoprevention target

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC OBJECTIVES: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in the United States. Frequent gastroesophageal reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease, resulting in Barrett esophagus, may be responsible for the increase. In the present study, we determined the carcinogenic effects of bile acid in esophageal cancer and then explored the use of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) inhibitor guggulsterone to control tumor cell viability and gene expression. METHODS: Cell culture, Western blot, RT-PCR, gene transfection, and immunohistochemistry assays were used. RESULTS: We found that bile acid inhibited RAR-β2 and RRIG1 but induced COX-2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that FXR, the bile acid receptor, was responsible. Furthermore, bile acid also induced FXR expression in esophageal cancer cell lines. Knockdown of FXR expression using FXR shRNA antagonized the effects of bile acid in gene expression. We then demonstrated that guggulsterone treatment was able to reduce the viability of esophageal cancer cells and induce RAR-β2 and RRIG1 expression but suppress COX-2 and MMP-9 expression. In addition, ex vivo data demonstrated that FXR was highly expressed in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (71%) and adenocarcinoma (81%) tissues and was associated with reduced RAR-β2 and RRIG1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Suppression of FXR activity using FXR shRNA or its inhibitor guggulsterone was able to antagonize bile acid in regulating gene expression and cancer viability. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5676.
Carriage rates of class 1, class 2 integrons as well as ISCR1 in Shigella isolates and their relationship with drug resistance

Objective To explore carrying rates of class 1, class 2 integrons as well as ISCR1 in Shigella isolates andtheir connection with drug resistance. Methods Antibiotic sensitivities were detected by K-B disk diffusion in 159 clinicalisolates. Total bacteria DNA was prepared through boiling the isolates and the DNA was then used as template for PCR am-plification. PCR, ZSCR1 and sequencing analyse of integrons were applied to all of them. Results were compared by Blastand Gen Bank. Results Antibiotic sensitivity results showed that in the S. flexneri strains the incidence of resistance to tet-racycline and streptomycin were 88.68% and 81.13% in the S. flexneri strains while the incidence of resistant to chloram-phenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol were both 56.60%, and the incidence of multidrug drug resistance was 77.36%.In the sonnei strains, the incidence of resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazo were 97.17% and 95.28%,83.96% and 76.42% respectively, and the incidence of multidrug resistance was 98.11%. Among all isolates, 118 were class1 integron positive, 70 were class 2 integron positive and 89 were double positives. For those 118 isolates that are positive ofclass 1 integron, 23 were typical while 95 weres atypical. The gene cassettes of typical class 1 integrons contains aad A2, aa-d A1, dfrⅠ, blaoxa-10 and blaoxa-1. Int I1, aad A, blaoxa-1 and IS1 were included in the gene cassetes of the atypical class1 integrons. Class 2 integrons positive isolates carried gene cassttes which include dfr A1, satl and aad A1. No ISCR1 wasfound in any isolate. Integron carriage strains were closely associated with higher rate of multiple antibiobic resistance com-pared with the organisms without integrons(90.65%,50%, P 0.05). Conlusion Class 1 and class 2 integrons were widelyexistence in Shigella isolates and were related to the multidrug resistance.
2 THE RELATIONSHIP OF AGE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION.

Purpose To determine the frequency and severity of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction with increasing age. Methods 103 consecutive patients (55 females and 48 males) referred for echocardiography who had sinus rhythm and no mitral stenosis or severe regurgitation, AV block, intraventricular conduction delay, anemia, thyrotoxicosis, AV shunt, or electronic pacemaker had Doppler interrogation of mitral, pulmonary vein diastolic flows and mitral annulus motion (tissue Doppler), and measurement of ejection fraction (EF) by standard protocol. Diastolic function was graded as normal or abnormal (mild, moderate, severe) by the consensus of three observers using predetermined criteria. Presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was defined as the patient-recalled history of myocardial infarction, valvular disease, or hypertension; the current use of antihypertensive agents; or investigator-determined blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg. Results The older the patient, the more advanced the diastolic dysfunction (p
Historical and archaeological evidence of 19th century fever epidemics and medicine at Hudson's Bay Company's Fort Vancouver.

During the Hudson’s Bay Company’s occupation of Fort Vancouver in the Pacific Northwest, fevers in epidemic proportions occurred intermittently throughout the late 1820s and early 1830s, severely affecting the Company’s employees, operations, and aboriginal population.
Characteristics Associated with Patient-Centered Medical Home Capability in Health Centers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model is being implemented in health centers (HCs) that provide comprehensive primary care to vulnerable populations. To identify characteristics associated with HCs’ PCMH capability. Cross-sectional analysis of a national dataset of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in 2009. Data for PCMH capability, HC, patient, neighborhood, and regional characteristics were combined from multiple sources. A total of 706 (70 %) of 1014 FQHCs from the Health Resources and Services Administration Community Health Center Program, representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. PCMH capability was scored via the Commonwealth Fund National Survey of FQHCs through the Safety Net Medical Home Scale (0 [worst] to 100 [best]). HC, patient, neighborhood, and regional characteristics (all analyzed at the HC level) were measured from the Commonwealth survey, Uniform Data System, American Community Survey, American Medical Association physician data, and National Academy for State Health Policy data. Independent correlates of high PCMH capability included having an electronic health record (EHR) (11.7-point [95 % confidence interval, CI 10.2–13.3]), more types of financial performance incentives (0.7-point [95 % CI 0.2–1.1] higher total score per one additional type, maximum possible = 10), more types of hospital–HC affiliations (1.6-point [95 % CI 1.1–2.1] higher total score per one additional type, maximum possible = 6), and location in certain US census divisions. Among HCs with an EHR, location in a state with state-supported PCMH initiatives and PCMH payments was associated with high PCMH capability (2.8-point, 95 % CI 0.2–5.5). Other characteristics had small effect size based on the measure unit (e.g. 0.04-point [95 % CI 0-0.08] lower total score per one percentage point more minority patients), but the effects could be practically large at the extremes. EHR adoption likely played a role in HCs’ improvement in PCMH capability. Factors that appear to hold promise for supporting PCMH capability include a greater number of types of financial performance incentives, more types of hospital–HC affiliations, and state-level support and payment for PCMH activities.
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Readers comment on nutritional supplementation after bariatric surgery (July 2010) and on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (August 2010).
Use of the Hodgson XX (Modified Asopa) Procedure to Correct Hypospadias with Chordee: Surgical Technique and Results

AbstractThe management of patients with hypospadiae anomalies requires sound surgical judgment to obtain optimal results. From January 1983 to June 1985, 150 patients were operated on for hypospadias. Of these patients 37 underwent the Hodgson XX (modified Asopa) repair. Two patients suffered urethral fistulas, 1 had meatal stenosis and 1 had mild torsion. No strictures were noted. Based on our findings it appears that the Hodgson XX (modified Asopa) procedure provides excellent results for patients with hypospadias and chordee.
Scope of Problem Coverage and Introduction

This chapter begins with an introduction to the book’s scope and preliminary concepts applied throughout the book. We then present a set of basic, foundational, and classical models from the operations planning literature that serve as the underpinning of the work presented throughout the book. These models include the economic order quantity (EOQ), the newsvendor problem, the economic lot-sizing problem (ELSP), the knapsack problem (KP), the generalized assignment problem (GAP), and the facility location problem (FLP). The main results presented later in this book generalize these classical models to account for a planner’s ability to influence demands, which have traditionally served as fixed parameters in these foundational models.
Hierarchical and p-block multiresponse designs and their analysis

This chapter focuses on hierarchical and p -block multiresponse designs and their analysis. It is well known that, in a uniresponse situation, the outcome of an experiment involving n observations may be viewed as a single point, P , in an n -dimensional Euclidean space, with linear subspaces associated with the meaningful facets, for example, treatments, overall mean, blocks, and error of the experiment. The usual uniresponse analysis of variance then provides a decomposition of the squared length of the vector joining P to the origin, O , in terms of the squared lengths of the vectors joining O to the projections of P onto the various linear subspaces. The chapter presents a general description of hierarchical designs and some formal problems under that class. Multiresponse designs with p -block systems essentially deal with differential heterogeneity in the experimental material with respect to the various characteristics under study. If the appropriate stratification of this material relative to one response is very different from the one for another response, then two separate systems of blocks are called for corresponding to these two responses.
Managing persistent heap in NVRAM

The scalability limitations of current DRAM technology have prompted research in alternative memory technologies. Almost all new viable alternatives being explored are non-volatile in nature. In this talk, we explore the implication of emerging non-volatile memory technologies (NVRAM) to mobile computing, the persistence programming models inspired by the emergence of NVRAM, and the challenges of managing persistent memory. Finally, we present Makalu, an approach that represents one possible solution to the persistent memory management challenges. Makalu avoids failure-induced persistent memory leaks, offers interoperability with a variety of NVRAM programming libraries (NVMPLs), while supporting a less restrictive programming model and delivering better performance compared to existing NVMPLs' default allocators.
Characterization of Thin-Film Calibration Elements

The predominate mediums for calibrating microwave on-wafer probes is still Sapphire and alumina. The predominate methods of calibration, Open-Short-Load-Thru (OSL-T) and Line-Reflect-Match (LRM) are still based on lumped calibration elements. These lumped calibration elements have several drawbacks but two of their major limitations are: 1) the impedance standard is a thin-film 50 ohm (at DC) Load, 2) the traditional lumped calibration elements do not have consistent launches and are usually directly under the probe tip. The alternative impedance standard to the Load, precision CoPlanar Waveguide (CPW) via Line-Reflect-Line (LRL) calibration, has been available since 1989. However, the LRL method has not been widely utilized because of misconceptions concerning the dispersion of CPW at higher frequencies. This paper will present data showing that the characteristic impedance, Zo, of the CPW is a much better reference impedance than any available thin-film Load at higher microwave frequencies. We will also show the usefulness of LRL in characterizing OSL-T/LRM calibration elements. And finally, new OSL-T/LRM calibration elements, with consistent launches, will be presented.