cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apply multiple target for advanced gate ADI critical dimension measurement by scatterometry technology

Scatterometry-based metrology measurements for advanced gate after-develop inspection (ADI) and after-etch inspection (AEI) structures have been well proven 1 . This paper discusses the metrology challenges encountered in implementing a production-worthy methodology for accurately measuring gate ADI middle CD (MCD) and sidewall angle (SWA) to monitor focus and exposure dose. A Multi-Target Measurement (MTM) methodology on KLA-Tencor's SpectraShape 8810 was evaluated on its ability to characterize and measure FEM (Focus Exposure Matrix) and EM (Exposure Matrix) wafers. The correlation of MCD and SWA to the focus and exposure dose was explored. CD-SEM measurements were used as a reference to compare the accuracy of scatterometry MCD measurements. While there was no reference tool available to compare scatterometry SWA measurements, the SWA and focus tracking on the FEM wafer were verified. In addition to the MTM methodology evaluation, a fleet of four SpectraShape 8810 tools was evaluated to measure the fleet's capability for in-line monitoring in high volume manufacturing. The final results confirmed that the Multi-Target Measurement approach on SpectraShape 8810 is an effective solution for gate ADI metrology and the robust fleet matching performance would enable in-line monitoring use.
Mediation and Peacekeeping in Civil Wars

The occurrence of outside mediation and peacekeeping has increased exponentially since the end of the Cold War. But how do third-party states and international organizations decide which civil wars to intervene in? And how do they decide whether to mediate talks between the warring parties or to send peacekeepers? In this study, we propose that third parties are influenced by their interests in a civil war country, they take into account the urgency a civil war poses, and they shy away from particularly challenging civil wars. Empirical tests confirm some of these hypotheses but also yield some contrary results. In contrast to much of the empirical literature, which has mostly treated different conflict management tools separately, this study combines two of the most important aspects of international conflict management – mediation and peacekeeping – into one theoretical framework.
Neuropathology of mice carrying mutant APP(swe) and/or PS1(M146L) transgenes: alterations in the p75(NTR) cholinergic basal forebrain septohippocampal pathway

Cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) projection systems are defective in late Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the brains of 12-month-old singly and doubly transgenic mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP(swe)) and/or presenilin-1 (PS1(M146L)) to investigate the effects of these AD-related genes on plaque and tangle pathology, astrocytic expression, and the CBF projection system. Two types of beta-amyloid (Abeta)-immunoreactive (ir) plaques were observed: type 1 were darkly stained oval and elongated deposits of Abeta, and type 2 were diffuse plaques containing amyloid fibrils. APP(swe) and PS1(M146L) mouse brains contained some type 1 plaques, while the doubly transgenic (APP(swe)/PS1(M146L)) mice displayed a greater abundance of types 1 and 2 plaques. Sections immunostained for the p75 NGF receptor (p75(NTR)) revealed circular patches scattered throughout the cortex and hippocampus of the APP(swe)/PS1(M146L) mice that contained Abeta, were innervated by p75(NTR)-ir neurites, but displayed virtually no immunopositive neurons. Tau pathology was not seen in any transgenic genotype, although a massive glial response occurred in the APP(swe)/PS1(M146L) mice associated with amyloid plaques. Stereology revealed a significant increase in p75(NTR)-ir medial septal neurons in the APP(swe) and PS1(M146L) singly transgenic mice compared to the APP(swe)/PS1(M146L) mice. No differences in size or optical density of p75(NTR)-ir neurons were observed in these three mutants. p75(NTR)-ir fibers in hippocampus and cortex were more pronounced in the APP(swe) and PS1(M146L) mice, while the APP(swe)/PS1(M146L) mice showed the least p75(NTR)-ir fiber staining. These findings suggest a neurotrophic role for mutant APP and PS1 upon cholinergic hippocampal projection neurons at 12 months of age.
Effective proper procedures and universal classes of program schemata

The notion of a program schema has been introduced in [7] and dealt with in all the references except [6] and [9]. A program schema is a program (written in a very simple language) which is allowed to run on arbitrary structures of a given similarity type. I t describes a procedure. Roughly speaking, a procedure 5P is an operator associating with each structure 9.I in its domain a function ~(9.1) from the universe of 9~ into itself. As the output of ~9~ depends solely on the properties of the input, a procedure is preserved by isomorphisms. One of the goals of the field of program schemata is to study their power of expression independently of any specific properties of the structures on which they are run. Consequently, no restrictive assumptions are made on the relations belonging to these structures (except, of course, for the number of arguments which is supposed to be given). In particular, we should not allow the assumption that one of the binary relations is the equality relation. Thus, our language does not contain a symbol for the equality relation. Procedures described in this way are preserved by homomorphisms rather than just isomorphisms and we call them proper procedures (the name "Herbrand procedures" is used in [2]). The notions of procedure and proper procedure are defined in Section 1. It has been pointed out in various ways (see especially [5 and i0]) that there are procedures which are obviously "effectively computable" but cannot be described by program schemata. Program schemata have been augmented in various ways by allowing the use of devices such as pushdown stores or of recursive definitions, etc. Various classes of programs have been thus defined and their relative strength studied (see all the references except [6, 7 and 9]). A natural problem which arose was to find a mathematical definition which would capture the intuitive notion of "effective procedure" and then to find classes of programs which are "universal" in the sense that they are able to describe any effective procedure. One suggestion for such a
Pure culture and reconstitution of the Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiotic association

The partners of the symbiotic association between Anthoceros punctatus L. and Nostoc spp. have been cultured separately in a pure state. The symbiotic association was reconstituted following dual culture in liquid Anthoceros growth medium with a variety of axenic Nostoc isolates and mutant strains. The heterocyst frequency of competent Nostoc strains increased four- to fivefold when in symbiotic association relative to free-living N2-grown cultures. Dinitrogen fixation by symbiotic Nostoc supported the growth of Anthoceros tissue, although this growth was nitrogen-limited relative to that supported by exogenous ammonium. When the association was reconstituted in the presence of two or three wild-type and mutant Nostoc strains some of these strains were found to compete in infection of Anthoceros tissue and a fraction of the symbiotic Nostoc colonies contained more than one strain. Exogenous ammonium did not affect infection, but repressed development of the symbiotic Nostoc colonies in Anthoceros tissue, and symbiotic Nostoc in N2-grown Anthoceros tissue appeared to regress from the symbiotic state in the presence of exogenous ammonium. The results show that the Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiotic association is amenable to specific experimental manipulations; their implications are discussed with respect to infection of Anthoceros tissue and control of the development of symbiotic Nostoc.
Proneurotrophins, seizures, and neuronal apoptosis.

Neurons respond to numerous factors in their environment that influence their survival and function during development and in the mature brain. Among these factors, the neurotrophins have been shown to support neuronal survival and function, acting primarily through the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases. However, recent studies have established that the uncleaved neurotrophin precursors, the proneurotrophins, can be secreted and induce apoptosis via the p75 neurotrophin receptor, suggesting that the balance of secreted mature and proneurotrophins has a critical impact on neuronal survival or death. Epileptic seizures elicit increases in both proneurotrophin secretion and p75NTR expression, shifting the balance of these factors toward signaling cell death. This review will discuss the evidence that this ligand-receptor system plays an important role in neuronal loss following seizures.
Regression Factors for Extending Part Lactation Milk Records

Summary Regression factors for extending part lactation milk records are developed from the within herd analysis of age-at-calving and season-of-calving corrected monthly test-day records of 9,036 Holstein cows in 374 herds in five New York counties. The best single months for estimating a complete lactation are the 4th, 5th, and 6th mo. The correlation between the predicted record and the complete record is 0.85 for testing in the 4th, 5th, or 6th mo. If sequential monthly tests are used for prediction, the multiple correlation of the first five monthly tests with complete lactations is 0.92, for 6 mo. 0.94, and for 7 mo. 0.96. Factors developed from the cumulative test-day production are only slightly less accurate. The correlation of the sum of the first seven monthly tests, with total production, is 0.95. Regression factors are also developed for extending monthly records by the use of multiple factors and cumulative months when the first monthly records of a lactation are missing. Bimonthly tests when extended with multiple regression factors are highly correlated with total lactation yield. The multiple correlations for both bimonthly testing possibilities are 0.98. Estimates based on cumulative bimonthly test records are also highly correlated (0.98) with complete yield. The best two trimonthly testing possibilities have multiple correlations of 0.96, with complete lactations. The correlations between cumulative trimonthly tests and complete yield ranged from 0.92 to 0.96. Bimonthly testing appears to be satisfactory for use, since the accuracy of prediction is extremely high and since the cost of a bimonthly testing program should be much lower than the existing once-a-month programs.
Immune control of chlamydial growth in the human epithelial cell line RT4 involves multiple mechanisms that include nitric oxide induction, tryptophan catabolism and iron deprivation

The antimicrobial activity of T cell-derived cytokines, especially interferon (IFN)-gamma, against intracellular pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, involves the induction of 3 major biochemical processes: tryptophan catabolism, nitric oxide (NO) induction and intracellular iron (Fe) deprivation. Since the epithelial cell is the natural target of chlamydial infection, the presence of these antimicrobial systems in the cell would suggest that they may be involved in T cell control of intracellular multiplication of Chlamydia. However, the controversy over whether these 3 antimicrobial processes are present in both mice and humans has precluded the assessment of the relative contribution of each of the 3 mechanisms to chlamydial inhibition in the same epithelial cell from either mice or humans. In the present study, we identified a Chlamydia-susceptible human epithelial cell line, RT4, that possesses the 3 antimicrobial systems, and we examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) induction, and deprivation of tryptophan or Fe in cytokine-induced inhibition of chlamydiae. It was found that the 3 antimicrobial systems contributed to cytokine-mediated inhibition of the intracellular growth of Chlamydia. NO induction accounted for approximately 20% of the growth inhibition; tryptophan catabolism contributed approximately 30%; iron deprivation was least effective; but the combination of the 3 systems accounted for greater than 60% of the inhibition observed. These results indicate that immune control of chlamydial growth in human epithelial cells may involve multiple mechanisms that include NO induction, tryptophan catabolism and Fe deprivation.
Effects of handling on heat shock protein expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

As part of an effort to validate the use of heat shock proteins (HSPs) as biomarkers of exposure to and effects of contaminants, we evaluated the effect of two handling regimens on the induction of HSP 60 and 70 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were acclimated to laboratory conditions for several weeks before the beginning of the experiment. Fish were then captured by net, placed in a cooler for 1 h while being transported in a truck, returned to their original tanks, then sacrificed 6 to 8 h later. Tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222) was used during different phases of handling to reduce handling stress. Heat-stressed fish were included in the experiment as a positive control. Muscle, liver, gills, and heart were analyzed for HSP 60 and 70 by immunoblotting. We found no effect of any handling regimen on the induction of HSPs. These findings suggest that the capture and transport of fish for environmental monitoring purposes should not interfere with the use of stress proteins as biomarkers.
On the implementation of the conjugate gradient Fourier transform method for scattering by planar plates

The accuracy of two conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform formulations for computing the electromagnetic scattering by resistive plates of an arbitrary periphery is discussed. One of the formulations is based on a discretization of the integral equations prior to the introduction of the Fourier transform, whereas the other is based on a similar discretization after the introduction of the Fourier transform. The efficiency and accuracy of these formulations are examined by comparison with measured data for rectangular and nonrectangular plates. The latter method is found to provide a more accurate computation of the plate scattering by eliminating aliasing errors (other than those due to undersampling). It is also found to be substantially more efficient. Its greatest advantage is realized when solving large systems generated by convolutional operators not yielding Toeplitz matrices, as is the case with plates having nonuniform resistivity. >
VSI optimal controller tuning with LQR-based gain space determination and PSO finalization in LEV drive

In this paper, Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) are considered to drive a single-phase electric machine as a motor for propulsion of Light Electric Vehicles (LEV). The proposed gain space tuning method in this study uses the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) concept in which the desired sets of the Q matrix of the LQR are obtained based on the dominant closed-loop poles concept and in a reverse mathematical procedure for the LQR concept as well as mathematical relationships for both types of Proportional-Resonant (PR) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. Finally, according to a desired fitness function, an optimum set of the Q matrix elements is obtained via a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) search algorithm in order to assure excellent tuning of both controllers coefficients in order to obtain desired performance objectives for appropriate operation of the overall drive system. The proposed idea is supported by simulation and CHIL (controller hardware in the loop) results for an LEV drive system.
Psychosomatic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence Clinical Considerations

We describe a methodology for systematically approaching patients with difficulties of a psychological and social nature. Definitions are given for various types of psychosomatic difficulties, and their origins are linked to two theoretical perspectives; namely, the sick role model and family systems theory. An approach to the assessment of the individual with regard to school, peer, and family relationships is offered, and methods of gathering information associated with the presenting complaint are described. Approaches to treatment are reviewed, and appropriate applications are suggested.
Assessment of efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management during office-based flexible cystoscopy

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for its effectiveness in eliminating or minimizing discomfort during office-based flexible cystoscopy. Methods A total of 148 patients were prospectively randomized into one of three groups: flexible cystoscopy with no analgesics, a placebo TENS, or an activated TENS. The patient data collected included patient parameters, number of previous flexible cystoscopies, visual analog pain scores during and after the procedure, surgeon's difficulty rating of procedure, and International Prostate Symptom Score before and 24 hours after the procedure. Results No statistically significant difference was found among the three groups regarding patient parameters. The visual analog pain scores were similar before and after the procedure. At 30 seconds, the mean visual analog scale score for the control group, placebo group, and TENS study group was 3.73, 3.65, and 3.52, respectively (control versus placebo, control versus active, and placebo versus active: P = 0.97, 0.29, and 0.53, respectively). At 1 and 5 minutes, the corresponding scores were 3.44, 4.37, and 3.50 ( P = 0.88, P = 0.99, and P = 0.99) and 0.86, 1.23, and 0.88 ( P = 0.97, P = 0.35, and P = 0.56), respectively. The surgeon's mean difficulty rating for the control procedures was 1.08 and for the placebo group was 2.30 ( P = 0.02). Conclusions All patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy in the office setting experienced discomfort. The TENS device provided no significant benefit for pain. The trend toward greater pain scores in the control group could be attributed to the greater degree of difficulty.
Optimizing Quality of Frankfurters Containing Oat Bran and Added Water

Chicken frankfurters fat content was decreased by using various levels of oat bran and added water and evaluated for quality. Frankfurters with higher levels of oat bran had less expressible moisture and required higher shear stress to break. There were no difference in springiness among frankfurters made with different levels of oat bran; however, those with higher oat bran were rated less juicy and more grainy by taste panelists. The addition of water increased intensities of strain, springiness and juiciness, but decreased shear stress and hardness values. Contour plots showed optimum formulation at <2% oat bran 20% of added water.
Location of the elevation axis in a large optical telescope.

Proposed designs for the next generation of large optical telescopes favor a tripod or quadrupod secondary support, and a primary supported from the back, but it is not yet clear whether the elevation axis should be in front of the primary or behind it. A study is described of the effect of elevation-axis location on key performance parameters (fundamental frequency, blockage, and wind-induced secondary decenter) for a 30-m Cassegrain telescope with a mount configuration that is typical of the new designs. For a fast (e.g., f/1) primary, the best location for the elevation axis is behind the primary. The penalty for moving the elevation axis in front of the primary is roughly a 40% decrease in fundamental frequency and a corresponding reduction in the control bandwidth for pointing and optical alignment.
Exploring the physiology and pathology of aging in the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster

The gastrointestinal tract, due to its role as a digestive organ and as a barrier between the exterior and interior milieus, is critically impacted by dietary, environmental, and inflammatory conditions that influence health and lifespan. Work in flies is now uncovering the multifaceted molecular mechanisms that control homeostasis in this tissue, and establishing its central role in health and lifespan of metazoans. The Drosophila intestine has thus emerged as a productive, genetically accessible model to study various aspects of the pathophysiology of aging. Studies in flies have characterized the maintenance of regenerative homeostasis, the development of immune senescence, the loss of epithelial barrier function, the decline in metabolic homeostasis, as well as the maintenance of epithelial diversity in this tissue. Due to its fundamental similarity to vertebrate intestines, it can be anticipated that findings obtained in this system will have important implications for our understanding of age-related changes in the human intestine. Here, I review recent studies exploring age-related changes in the fly intestine, and their insight into the regulation of health and lifespan of the animal.
Diffraction management and elliptic discrete solitons in two-dimensional waveguide arrays

We demonstrate that the linear and nonlinear dynamics of two-dimensional waveguide arrays are significantly more complex than their one-dimensional counterparts. Their diffraction behavior is anisotropic allowing the existence of discrete elliptic solitons in nonlinear arrays.
Predictive values of fetal histopathology and immunoperoxidase staining in diagnosing bovine abortion caused by Neospora caninum in a dairy herd.

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Average Sequential Water Molecule Binding Enthalpies of M(H2O)19−1242+ (M = Co, Fe, Mn, and Cu) Measured with Ultraviolet Photodissociation at 193 and 248 nm

The average sequential water molecule binding enthalpies to large water clusters (between 19 and 124 water molecules) containing divalent ions were obtained by measuring the average number of water molecules lost upon absorption of an UV photon (193 or 248 nm) and using a statistical model to account for the energy released into translations, rotations, and vibrations of the products. These values agree well with the trend established by more conventional methods for obtaining sequential binding enthalpies to much smaller hydrated divalent ions. The average binding enthalpies decrease to a value of ∼10.4 kcal/mol for n > ∼40 and are insensitive to the ion identity at large cluster size. This value is close to that of the bulk heat of vaporization of water (10.6 kcal/mol) and indicates that the structure of water in these clusters may more closely resemble that of bulk liquid water than ice, owing either to a freezing point depression or rapid evaporative cooling and kinetic trapping of the initial liquid ...
A low-density generator matrix interpretation of parallel concatenated single bit parity codes

A coding scheme that concatenates, in parallel, multiple single bit parity check block codes is considered for use in high areal density magnetic recording. The coding scheme can be viewed as a low-density generator matrix and decoded as a low-density parity check code. Results are obtained using a Lorentzian channel model with and without transition noise that is modeled as first order position jitter. Results show SNR gains over uncoded EPR4 are nearly identical to those using low-density parity-check codes. Having demonstrated similar performance, the practical advantage of decreased encoding complexity and increased decoder architecture flexibility is emphasized.
Chromatic factorizations of a graph

Let n1 ⩾ n2 ⩾ … ⩾ nk ⩾ 2 be integers. We say that G has an (n1, n2, …, nk-chromatic factorization if G) can be edge-factored as G1 ⊕ G2 ⊕ … ⊕ Gk with χ(Gi) = nAi, for i = 1,2,…, k. The following results are proved: i If (n1 − 1)n2 … nk < χ(G) ⩽ n1n2 … nk, then G has an (n1, n2, …, nk)-chromatic factorization. ii If n1 + n2 + … + nk − (k - 1) ⩽ n ⩽ n1n2 … nk, then Kn has an (n1, n2, …, nk)-chromatic factorization.
Intra-individual variability in gait and in cognitive performance are not related in the elderly

As humans age, the amount of intra-individual variability (IIV) present in both their gait and their cognitive performance tends to increase. Both gait and cognitive IIV are associated with attentional control and with cerebrovascular disease, suggesting that the IIV in gait and cognitive function should be strongly correlated in the elderly. In this study temporal gait variability was determined from a 60-second period of walking. Cognitive variability was determined from two decision-time tasks assessing inhibition. Despite the presence of substantial amounts of gait and cognitive IIV in 71 elderly individuals, there were no significant correlations between measures of cognitive and gait IIV, suggesting that different factors drive IIV in the motor and cognitive performance of older individuals. These results are not consistent with the common cause theory of aging, which predicts that cognitive and sensorimotor performance should show related declines due to age-related disruption of a common neurological substrate.
TOF-Watch® monitor: failure to calculate the train-of-four ratio in the absence of baseline calibration in anaesthetized dogs

Background TOF-Watch® monitors are designed to display train-of-four (TOF) count when neuromuscular block is intense, and to display TOF ratio when it is less intense. In dogs recovering from non-depolarizing neuromuscular block, when all four twitches are easily visible and apparently of similar magnitude, TOF-Watch® monitors often display TOF counts and not TOF ratios, as would be expected. We have never encountered this problem when the monitor was calibrated before neuromuscular blocking agent administration. Methods Fourteen healthy female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were investigated. Recovery from neuromuscular block was assessed with a calibrated TOF-Watch SX® monitor. When the TOF ratio returned to 90%, the TOF-Watch SX® was replaced with an uncalibrated TOF-Watch® monitor. The output obtained from the uncalibrated TOF-Watch® was compared with that of the calibrated device. Results The median TOF ratio measured by the calibrated TOF-Watch SX® unit at recovery was 91 (86–100)% (n=14). The uncalibrated TOF-Watch® monitor displayed TOF counts in six dogs [2 (0, 4)] and TOF ratios in the remaining eight dogs [91 (79, 98)%], that is, the uncalibrated device failed to display appropriately >40% of the time. Conclusions TOF-Watch® monitors must be calibrated before neuromuscular blocking agents are administered to dogs. When these devices are not so calibrated, they default to a reference value for twitch magnitude that was defined in healthy adult people. Even though neuromuscular transmission was restored in these dogs, we surmise that they did not achieve the default reference value, causing the monitor to display TOF counts rather than TOF ratios.
Peptide Designed to Elicit Apoptosis in Adipose Tissue Endothelium Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight

OBJECTIVE Because adipose tissue is highly vascularized, modifying adipose tissue vasculature may provide a novel method for reducing body fat. A peptide sequence that elicits apoptosis of endothelium in white fat potently reduced body weight. We sought to determine how inhibiting adipose tissue vasculature changes key aspects of energy balance regulation and the neuroendocrine system that maintains energy balance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Lean and obese mice or rats were treated with proapoptotic peptide for 4 or 27 days. Daily energy intake and expenditure were measured in mice on a low- (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) and in rats on a HFD. A conditioned taste aversion test was performed to assess whether proapoptotic peptide produces visceral illness. Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, and proopiomelanocoritin ( POMC ) mRNA expression and plasma leptin levels were evaluated. RESULTS Proapoptotic peptide completely reversed HFD-induced obesity in mice and reduced body weight in mice and rats on a HFD but not in those on a LFD. Fat loss occurred with no change of energy expenditure but reduced food intake that occurred without signs of illness and despite reduced circulating leptin and reduced hypothalamic POMC gene expression, indicating that the decrease in food intake is independent of the action of leptin. CONCLUSIONS These experiments provide compelling evidence for a previously unknown relationship between the status of adipose tissue vasculature and the regulation of food intake.
New frontiers for health information systems using Epi Info in developing countries: structured application framework for Epi Info (SAFE).

Abstract Background For more than two decades, Epi Info software has been used to meet the data management, analysis, and mapping needs of public health professionals in more than 181 countries and 13 languages. Until now, most Epi Info systems have been relatively simple, mainly because of a lack of detailed and structured guidance for developing complex systems. Objective and results We created the structured application framework for Epi Info (SAFE), which is a set of guidelines that allows developers to create both simple and complex information systems using accepted good programming practices. This has resulted in application code blocks that are re-useable and easy to maintain, modify, and enhance. The flexibility of SAFE allows various aggregate and case-based application modules to be rapidly created, combined, and updated to create health information systems or sub-systems enabling continuous, incremental enhancement as national and local capacity increases. Conclusions SAFE and Epi Info are both cost-free and have low system requirements—characteristics that render this framework and software beneficial for developing countries.
A Simple and Flexible Rating Method for Predicting Success in the NCAA Basketball Tournament

This paper first presents a brief review of potential rating tools and methods for predicting success in the NCAA basketball tournament, including those methods (such as the Ratings Percentage Index, or RPI) that receive a great deal of weight in selecting and seeding teams for the tournament. The paper then proposes a simple and flexible rating method based on ordinal logistic regression and expectation (the OLRE method) that is designed to predict success for those teams selected to participate in the NCAA tournament. A simulation based on the parametric Bradley-Terry model for paired comparisons is used to demonstrate the ability of the computationally simple OLRE method to predict success in the tournament, using actual NCAA tournament data. Given that the proposed method can incorporate several different predictors of success in the NCAA tournament when calculating a rating, and has better predictive power than a model-based approach, it should be strongly considered as an alternative to other rating methods currently used to assign seeds and regions to the teams selected to play in the tournament.
Is the “Big Deal” Dead?

Kenneth Frazier's call for avoiding the “Big Deal,” an aggregation of journals that publishers offer as a one-price, one-size-fits-all package, has won some converts. Concerns exist over the inclusion of titles in aggregated packages that are neither wanted nor used by library patrons and the financial impact those titles are having on library budgets. Most libraries, particularly smaller and medium-sized institutions, perceive great benefit from the aggregated packages. OhioLINK has succeeded in negotiating license agreements that allow for annual reductions by selecting titles in the packages for discontinuation. The Big Deal is continuing to evolve, even as it begins to fade away.
Experiments on the onset of instability in unsteady circular Couette flow

Experiments have been performed to study the hydrodynamic stability of unsteady circular Couette flow generated by monotonic time-dependent inner-cylinder motions. The onset of instability was determined by measuring the axial component of velocity using laser-Doppler velocimetry; deviations from the pure-swirl value of zero are indicative of the initiation of Taylor vortices. The measurement technique was found to have an ‘intrusive’ effect on the flow stability, which was eliminated by the design of the experimental procedure. Significant enhancement of stability was found, in qualitative, but not quantitative, agreement with earlier theoretical predictions.
Corrigendum to “Temperature rise after peginterferon alfa-2a injection in patients with chronic hepatitis C is associated with virological response and is modulated by IL28B genotype” [J Hepatol 2013; 59:957–963]

In the ‘‘Results’’ section of the abstract the third and fourth sentence (page 957) should read as follows: The association with 1st phase decline was seen in patients with rs12979860CC genotype (r = 0.65, p <0.0001) but not in CT/TT (r = 0.13, p = 0.53) and patients with CC genotype had a higher DTmax (1.4 ± 0.8 C vs. 0.8 ± 0.6 + C, p = 0.001). DTmax was associated with 6and 24-h induction of serum IP-10 and of PBMC ISG expression, but only in patients with rs12979860CC.
Interleukin-1beta targeted therapy in severe persistent asthma (SPA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): proposed similarities between biphasic pathobiology of SPA/COPD and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

The histopathology of severe persistent asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is predominantly characterized by neutrophilic inflammation. It is posited that chronic hypoxia from hypoventilation in combination with hypoperfusion and hypercapnia are associated with induction of pulmonary tissue acidosis in SPA and COPD, which in turn provide ideal conditions to induce danger-associated molecular patterns, i.e., crystallized and calcium pyrophosphate. These stimuli in combination with other dangerrelated biochemical signals are capable of stimulating an innate immune receptor (cryopyrin inflammasome, NALP3) and cause interleukin-1β secretion with subsequent neutrophilic inflammation. There is evidence to suggest that the mechanisms and pathobiology associated with chronic hypoxia, reduced perfusion and reoxygenation in SPA/COPD may exhibit similarities to the biphasic pathobiology involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury. A rationale is suggested for trials of IL-1β targeted therapies as an adjunct strategy to control neutrophilic inflammation in these conditions.
71 – Ovarian Cancer

The ovaries are almond-sized organs covered with a thin layer of coelomic epithelium. Cancers may arise in any of the three basic cell types of the ovary: the surface epithelium, the germ cells, and the stroma. Germ cell tumors are rare, occur at young ages, and include dysgerminomas, teratomas, and choriocarcinomas. About 90% of ovarian cancers are epithelial, and are further characterized as serous, endometrioid, or mucinous. Some evidence of etiologic heterogeneity among the epithelial cancer cell types has been presented, but the differences are uncertain and the epithelial cancers are typically grouped together in epidemiologic investigation. Similarly, borderline tumors, or cancers of low malignant potential, exhibit distinct clinical behavior but not distinct etiology, and are generally included with invasive disease. Examination of the genetics, cytology, and pathology of ovarian cancer has shed light on the natural history but has not yet illuminated the sequence of changes from earliest genetic abnormality to overt disease. Detection of some early lesions by ultrasound or by serum assays has raised the prospect of screening but has not yet been established as effective in experimental trials.
Our First Televised Genocide

It is absolutely appalling that we have come so casually to observe the carnage, so passively to view the starvation over breakfast papers or dinnertime newscasts, so helplessly to watch these totally bereft human beings trudging barefoot over treacherous terrain toward the middle of nowhere.There are other questions as well, of course, not as easily answered. Where are all their voices now, those demonstrators who so vociferously opposed war, ostensibly out of an overweening reverence for life? Is the latter-day holocaust being systematically perpetrated in northern Iraq any less horrifying than a direct hit on a camouflaged bomb shelter in Baghdad? If Saddam Hussein were herding civilians into concentration camps and burning them in crematoria, would we be so deferential to U.N. imperatives or future foreign-policy implications? Is there a distinction to be drawn between death by gassing and death by helicopter gunship?
Gas−Solid Fluidization in Mini- and Micro-channels

Much of the fundamental research reported in the literature on gas−solid fluidization properties has been performed with large gas−solid fluidized beds. However, little is known regarding gas−solid...
Shoulder arthroplasty for chondrolysis

Background Chondrolysis is a rare complication after shoulder arthroscopy leading to early joint destruction. Shoulder arthroplasty may be considered for end-stage chondrolysis, but concerns exist about implant survivorship, given the younger age of this population. This study aimed to assess pain relief, function, and survivorship of shoulder arthroplasty for chondrolysis and to assess risk factors for failure. Methods Between January 2000 and January 2013, 26 consecutive shoulders with chondrolysis were treated at our institution with shoulder arthroplasty. All shoulders had a prior arthroscopic procedure that predated a phase of rapid joint destruction. Twenty-three shoulders were followed up for a minimum of 2 years or until reoperation (mean, 4.0 years; range, 0.7-8.6 years). The mean age of the patients was 40 years (range, 21-58 years). Outcome measures included pain, range of motion, postoperative modified Neer ratings, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, complications, and reoperations. Results At most recent follow-up, only 14 of 23 shoulders had no or mild pain. Overall pain scores improved from 4.7 to 2.6 points. Abduction and external rotation improved significantly. Five shoulders required reoperation, 2 for glenoid loosening and 1 each for infection, instability, and stiffness. Subjectively, 8 patients rated their shoulder as much better, 7 as better, 4 the same, and 4 worse. Most recent American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores averaged 64 points (range, 20-95 points). Conclusions Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of chondrolysis improves pain and range of motion. However, patient satisfaction is variable. Early follow-up shows a higher than expected rate of reoperation (25%). Patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty for chondrolysis should be counseled appropriately about expectations after surgery.
Comparing load estimation methods for distribution system analysis

Load allocations for distribution system analysis is one area in system modelling where simple, generalized assumptions are commonly made by distribution planners for lack of better data. Most of the time, the assumptions are based on measurements taken only at the distribution substation bus or at the feeder head. With widespread application of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies, loading estimates for distribution system analysis can now be based on actual measurements taken at individual loads. This can result in greatly improved accuracy in distribution power flow analysis. Three techniques for load allocation are analyzed and compared to the case with actual AMI data for all customers. Selected details of the test circuit and analysis process are provided. (4 pages)
Maximizing Spontaneous Jet Density and Nanofiber Quality in Unconfined Electrospinning: The Role of Interjet Interactions

The interplay between an applied electric field and fluid properties was studied for a polymer solution forming high quality nanofibers via electrospinning. Unconfined electrospinning—in which a fluid thin film or bath exposed to an electric field spontaneously generates many parallel fiber-forming jets—is a practical approach to achieving a high fabrication rate of quality nanofibers as compared to traditional single-needle electrospinning. The density of fiber-forming jets is controlled by surface tension effects at the lowest applied voltages but by jet-to-jet interactions as the voltage amplitude is increased, resulting in an intermediate operating voltage level at which jet number is maximized. This general result is applicable to electric-field-driven fluid instabilities in a wide range of systems. The optimal voltage level occurs when interjet interactions begin to solely determine the characteristic jet spacing, and in this regime, compression of the cone-jet slightly chokes the feed rate, allowin...
Optimal Rejection with Zero Steady-State Error for Control Systems

The problem of optimal rejection with zero steady-state error for linear systems with persistent disturbances is considered.Based on the internal model principle,a disturbance compensator is constructed such that the system model with external disturbances is transformed into an augmented system without disturbances.Consequently the problem of disturbance rejection for zero steady-state error is transformed into the optimal control problem for systems without disturbances.By the order criterion of controllability and observability,the augmented system has been proved to be controllable and observable.By the optimal control theory,the obtained optimal feedback control law can cancel disturbances completely and is more robust.
The number of times a motion repeats influences sentence processing.

We investigated how the semantic properties of verbs influence the way in which language users process sentences and how well they remember the verb. In particular, our study focused on the frequency of motion repetition, that is, how many times actions generally repeat in a row. The experimental sentences contained action verbs, such as sneezing, knocking on a door, clapping, and bouncing a ball. Half of the target sentences contained verbs that refer to actions that generally repeat once or twice in a row in the real world (determined by norming), such as sneezing, coughing, and knocking on a door. The other half contained verbs referring to actions that typically repeat many times in row, such as hiccupping, clapping, and bouncing a ball. Native Korean speakers performed a sensicality judgment task where they decided whether given Korean sentences were sensical or not. We also tested how well participants remember the verbs in target sentences. The results show an effect of action repetition frequency: Participants judged sentences with low repetition frequency verbs more accurately than sentences containing high repetition frequency verbs. We propose that verbs describing multiple repetitions may place a greater processing load than verbs involving fewer repetitions.
THz Detection Using p + /n-Well Diodes Fabricated in 45-nm CMOS

Electronic-detection up to $\sim 0.9$ THz using p+/n-well junction diodes in a 45-nm bulk CMOS process is demonstrated. Because the 1/f noise corner frequency is $\sim 1$ kHz instead of $\sim 10$ MHz common to Schottky and diode-connected nMOS transistor detectors, despite lower responsivity, detectors using a p+/n-well diode with an optimized transit time achieve competitive noise equivalent power (NEP) while exhibiting smaller variations. The junction diode has a measured zero-bias cutoff frequency ( $f_{T}$ ) of $\sim 1.8$ THz. The direct-antenna matched structure can reach a peak optical responsivity ( $R_{v}$ ) of 558 V/W at 0.781 THz with a minimum optical NEP of 56 pW/Hz0.5 at a modulation frequency of 100 kHz.
Logic synthesis with high testability for cellular arrays

The new Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies and their structures have opened up new approaches to logic design and synthesis. The main feature of an FPGA is an array of logic blocks surrounded by a programmable interconnection structure. Cellular FPGAs are a special class of FPGAs which are distinguished by their fine granularity and their emphasis on local cell interconnects. While these characteristics call for specialized synthesis tools, the availability of logic gates other than Boolean AND, OR and NOT in these architectures opens up new possibilities for synthesis. Among the possible realizations of Boolean functions, XOR logic is shown to be more compact than AND/OR and also highly testable. In this dissertation, the concept of structural regularity and the advantages of XOR logic are used to investigate various synthesis approaches to cellular FPGAs, which up to now have been mostly nonexistent. Universal XOR Canonical Forms, Two-level AND/XOR, restricted factorization, as well as various Directed Acyclic Graph structures are among the proposed approaches. In addition, a new comprehensive methodology for the investigation of all possible XOR canonical forms is introduced. Additionally, a new compact class of XOR-based Decision Diagrams for the representation of Boolean functions, called Kronecker Functional Decision Diagrams (KFDD), is presented. It is shown that for the standard, hard, benchmark examples, KFDDs are on average 35% more compact than Binary Decision Diagrams, with some reductions of up to 75% being observed.
Rod-shaped microglia morphology is associated with aging in 2 human autopsy series.

Abstract A subtype of microglia is defined by the morphological appearance of the cells as rod shaped. Little is known about this intriguing cell type, as there are only a few case reports describing rod-shaped microglia in the neuropathological literature. Rod-shaped microglia were shown recently to account for a substantial proportion of the microglia cells in the hippocampus of both demented and cognitively intact aged individuals. We hypothesized that aging could be a defining feature in the occurrence of rod-shaped microglia. To test this hypothesis, 2 independent series of autopsy cases (total n = 168 cases), which covered the adult lifespan from 20 to 100+ years old, were included in the study. The presence or absence of rod-shaped microglia was scored on IBA1 immunohistochemically stained slides for the hippocampus and cortex. We found that age was one of the strongest determinants for the presence of rod-shaped microglia in the hippocampus and the cortex. We found no association with the presence of rod-shaped microglia and a self-reported history of a TBI. Alzheimer's disease–related pathology was found to influence the presence of rod-shaped microglia, but only in the parietal cortex and not in the hippocampus or temporal cortex. Future studies are warranted to determine the functional relevance of rod-shaped microglia in supporting the health of neurons in the aged brain, and the signaling processes that regulate the formation of rod-shaped microglia.