cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of conjugated bile salt absorption by hamster jejunum

Abstract The physical state of conjugated bile salt during its passive absorption by the jejunum is not known and may be important in understanding the mechanism of jejunal lipid absorption. We studied the absorption of sodium taurocholate from media with and without oleic acid and monoolein and of sodium glycocholate and sodium glyco-deoxycholate from media without lipid. Everted hamster jejunal sacs were incubated in solutions which contained concentrations of bile salt ranging from zero to well above their critical micellar concentrations; the net amount of bile salt taken up by the tissue at each concentration was determined. The net absorption of sodium taurocholate and sodium glycocholate increased 2-fold at concentrations above their critical micellar concentrations; the net sodium glycodeoxycholate absorption was constant below and above its critical micellar concentration. Below their critical micellar concentrations, the net sodium glycocholate absorption was 1.5 times that of sodium taurocholate and 0.33 times that of sodium glycodeoxycholate. Above their critical micellar concentrations the net absorption of sodium taurocholate and sodium glyco-cholate were equal but sodium glycodeoxycholate was absorbed almost twice as rapidly as the cholate conjugates. Although fatty acids and monoglyceride were not present in all incubations, their presence did not affect the net bile salt absorption. The movement of sodium taurocholate from the tissue into the solution bathing the mucosal surface of everted jejunal sacs was found to be significant. The findings are consistent with, but do not prove, passive diffusion of intact primary micelles into the jejunal mucosa and support the concept that conjugated bile salts may facilitate the transport of lipid across the microvillous membrane.
On the macromolecular composition of the jelly coat from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs

Abstract The number of macromolecular components present in the egg jelly coat of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus was investigated. The material was prepared free from egg contaminants and examined for homogeneity by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, disc gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation and immunological studies. The electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal studies showed the presence of at least two components. The two-dimensional immunodiffusion tests using rabbit antiserum against whole jelly coat, exhibited four and immunoelectrophoresis five different antigens. In addition, it was possible to separate two components from gel filtration experiments with Sepharose 4B. It is concluded therefore that the S. purpuratus egg jelly coat contains minimally from two to five macromolecules.
Composition of binary integral quadratic forms via integral 2 × 2 matrices and composition of matrix classes

A treatment by integral matrices is given for composition of pairs of integral quadratic forms with the same discriminant. The forms are associated with a pair of similar 2 × 2 matrices A B with irrational eigen values which generate the maximal order. The most general integral similarity between A B is given by a matrix whose entries are linear forms in two indeterminates with integral coefficients. This matrix is a "compositum" of two factors of the same nature. By equating determinants a composition of two quadratic forms results. The method can be generalized to n × n matrices.
Vitamin D in Patients with Kidney Disease: Cautiously Optimistic

Nephrologists are well aware of the therapeutic effects of activated vitamin D in managing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Beyond bone and mineral metabolism, however, we are now beginning to appreciate the effects of activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in other cell types. Our group and others recently found a survival advantage associated with injectable vitamin D therapy in hemodialysis populations. The observational nature of these studies, however, subjects them to the possibility that confounding and bias may have accounted for their results. Therefore, it is unclear if indeed a survival benefit exists, if harm is incurred with this therapy or if activation of the VDR in cell types other than bone, intestine, and the parathyroid gland are applicable to our patients with kidney disease. The range of studies being planned include those targeting the cardiovascular effects of VDR activation, further understanding of the prevalence and consequences of vitamin D deficiency in patients with kidney disease, trials to examine the effects of VDR activation on intermediate cardiovascular and noncardiovascular endpoints, and trials targeting mortality endpoints. If consistent with the recent observations, these studies may provide nephrologists with an intervention to alter the otherwise poor outcomes in patients with kidney disease.
Study of Langmuir monolayers of crown-ether C60 derivatives and their interaction with different subphase ions

The Langmuir monolayers of two crown-ether C 60 derivatives with different crown size (18-crown-6. and 15-crown-5) were studied by surface spectrophotometry and Brewster angle microscopy. The surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms of the C 60 derivatives on pure water and different subphase ions were obtained. The limiting area of the isotherms depends on both the crown size and the presence of subphase ions. The larger crown size gave the larger limiting area of the isotherm. The addition of K + , Ba 2+ or NH 4 + to the subphase stabilized the monolayers and increased the limiting areas of the monolayer. Brewster angle microscopy shows different aggregation properties of crown-ether C 60 derivative monolayers on pure water compared with those on K + , Ba 2+ or NH 4 + subphases.
Screening Properties of Certain Two-Level Designs.

Two-level screening designs are appropriate for situations where a large number of factors (q) is examined but relatively few (k) of these are expected to be important. It is not knownwhich of theq factors will be the important ones, that is, it is not known whichk dimensions of the experimental space will be of further interest. After the results of the design have received a first analysis, the design will be projected into thek dimensions of interest. These projections are investigated for Plackett and Burman type-screening designs withq≤23 factors, andk=3, 4, and 5.
Host T-cell primary allosensitization to MHC class-I- and class-II-expressing human cardiac myocytes requires the presence of a second signal.

Abstract Normal FHCMs, or transformed cell lines derived from FHCMs, such as W1, even after induction of MHC antigens by pretreatment with IFN-γ, failed to induce proliferation of allogeneic human PBMCs in vitro. To test the hypothesis that antigen-specific T-cell activation and proliferation require not only the binding of the TCR with its ligand, the MHC molecule, but also a second signal that involves the interaction of T-cell surface molecules with their natural ligands on the stimulating cells, a mAb against CD28 was used. Cocultures of allogeneic PBMCs with IFN-γ-pretreated irradiated FHCMs or the W1 cell line in microtiter plates containing immobilized anti-CD28 mAb induced marked stimulator cell MHC class-II-specific proliferative responses. The W1 cell line and FHCMs failed to express detectable levels of the BB1/B7 molecule (the natural ligand for CD28) as determined by flow microfluorometry or mRNA levels coding for BB1/B7 as determined by RT-PCR. These data suggest that one of the probable reasons for the failure of MHC-expressing cardiac myocytes to induce allogeneic activation is the absence of costimulatory signals.
Learner control over full and lean computer-based instruction under differing ability levels

This study examined the effects of type of instructional control and program mode on the achievement, option use, time in the program, and attitudes of higher-ability and lower-ability university students. Ability level was determined using participants' Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and American College Testing Assessment (ACT) scores. Participants were randomly assigned to four versions of a computer-delivered instructional program within higher-ability and lower-ability groups. The four versions of the instructional program were created by crossing the two control conditions (learner control, program control) with the two program modes (full, lean). Participants in the full program scored significantly higher on the posttest than those in the lean program, and higher-ability students scored significantly higher than lower-ability students. Learner-control participants chose to view 68% of the optional screens in the full program but only 35% in the lean one, and participants also spent significantly more time in the full version. Participants had more favorable attitudes toward learner control than program control.
Basic aspects of energy loss spectrometer systems

Summary Although the field of electron spectrometer design and use is a broad and diverse one, certain general principles transcend the particular details, and these are useful in evaluating any specific design or approach. The optimum modes in which to use spectrometers in conjunction with electron microscopes are beginning to be studied both theoretically and experimentally, but much remains to be investigated. Current detection systems perform well within the limits of “series” collection and the development of “parallel” collection systems holds the promise of a significant increase in detection efficiency.
Using resolution pyramids for watershed image segmentation

In this paper we build a shape preserving resolution pyramid and use it in the framework of image segmentation via watershed transformation. Our method is based on the assumption that the most significant image components perceived at high resolution will also be perceived at lower resolution. Thus, we detect the seeds for the watershed transformation at a low resolution, and use them to distinguish significant and non-significant seeds at any selected higher resolution. In this way, the watershed partition obtained at the selected pyramid level will include only the most significant components, and over-segmentation will be considerably reduced. Segmentations of the image at different scales will be available. Moreover, since the seeds can be detected at different pyramid levels, alternative segmentations of the image at a given resolution can be obtained, each characterized by a different level of detail.
Interpreting probe signals from fluidized beds

Abstract Bubble size distribution in fluidized beds may have a profound effect on reactor mass transfer and hydrodynamics. Although several different types of probes are available to monitor bubble events in fluidized beds, the probe signals must be processed carefully to yield bubble size information, because a probe will not always intersect a bubble centrally and because bubble rise velocity will depend on bubble size (usually velocity increases as the square root of linear size). Using a truncated ellipsoid as a model of bubble shape, the relationship between probe signals and bubble size has been explored using probability density functions. A back-transform technique has been presented to yield the bubble size distribution for a given distribution of time intervals when the probe ‘cuts’ a bubble. This back-transform has been demonstrated for two different bubble size distributions. When too few bubble measurements are taken or too many intervals in the discrete bubble size distribution are used, instabilities in the back-transform may result.
Isolated mediastinal mass in primary amyloidosis.

A previously healthy man with a lytic bone lesion of the left talus was found to have a large middle mediastinal mass on routine admission chest roentgenogram. A large amyloid tumor of the mediastinum, representing the sole intrathoracic manifestation of primary amyloidosis, was resected. This presentation of intrathoracic amyloidosis has not previously been reported.
Who Gets Formal Sector Jobs? Determinants of Formal-Informal Participation in Brazilian Metropolitan Areas

This study examines the extent to which social factors influence entry into formal or informal sector employment in Brazil. Using data from the 1980 Brazilian Census, this research shows that low education and being female are the primary characteristics determining participation in the formal sector. Although being female is strongly and positively related to participation in the informal sector market, it is women with the lowest levels of schooling and non-White women who especially participate in informal employment. Gender does not make a difference for those with at least a high school education. Youths and non-Whites are also disproportionately represented in the informal sector.
Social Learning Theory and Leadership

Social learning theory specifically acknowledges that most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling. The focus of this approach has been teaching leadership across formal and informal settings. This and the behavioural focus is what distinguishes social learning theory from others as a leadership theory. However it will not become a leadership theory unless the behaviours to be imparted to future leaders are outlined. This has not been done in the social learning context. However, because of its growing importance as a theoretical foundation for the fields of psychology and organisational behaviour as a whole, a social learning approach to leadership would seem to have potential for the future.
Clouds on the giant planets

De nouveaux calculs indiquent que des precipitations atmospheriques ont lieu dans certaines des planetes exterieures. Sur uranus en particulier, il semble qu'il y pleut averse
Isophosphoramide Mustard and Its Mechanism of Bisalkylation

To investigate the mechanism(s) of bisalkylation by isophosphoramide mustard (IPM), IPM-β,β,β‘,β‘-d4 was synthesized and the products of its reaction with thiosulfate (at pD 7.0) were analyzed by NMR. By both 1H and 13C NMR, the distribution of deuterium in the products was consistent with bisalkylation through sequential aziridinyl intermediates [(NCH2CD2S):(NCD2CH2S) = 53:47]. Under the given reaction conditions, label scrambling as a result of thiosulfate acting as a leaving group was ruled out through control experiments. The data gave a calculated kinetic isotope effect of 0.97 per deuterium. For the initial aziridine species formed from IPM, ab initio quantum chemical calculations gave a hybridization value of sp2.4-2.5 for each of the C−H bonds of the reaction centers, and this correlated with the observed inverse isotope effect. Other structure and bond order data were also determined for this aziridine intermediate and related compounds.
Impact of cradle immobilization on setup reproducibility during external beam radiation therapy for lung cancer.

Purpose To compare the setup accuracy during fractionated radiation therapy for two patient groups with lung cancer treated with and without an immobilization cradle. Methods Three hundred ninety-seven port films from 30 patients immobilized in the Alpha Cradle were compared with 329 port films from 30 patients who were not immobilized with the cradle. All patients were treated with curative intent for nonmetastatic lung cancer. The frequency of physician-requested isocenter shifts were compared in the two groups using a two-tailed chi-square test. Initial port films taken on the first day of treatment, routine films taken usually weekly during radiation therapy, and requested films taken after a requested shift were considered separately. The immobilization device consisted of a custom-made foam cradle that extended from above the head to the knees. Patients were generally treated with their arms above their heads, and treatment setup marks in the immobilized patients were placed on both the patients' skin and the immobilization cradle. For the noncradle patients, setup marks were placed only on the patients' skin. Results For the routine films, the frequency of physician-requested isocenter shifts was lower in immobilized patients than in the nonimmobilized group (p = 0.139). Most of this reduction was seen on oblique fields (p = 0.038). No benefits were seen among initial or requested films. The two groups were well balanced with regard to stage, age, field size, and total dose. Conclusions The use of aggressive immobilization improves the setup reproducibility in patients receiving external beam radiation therapy for lung cancer, especially during treatment with oblique fields. This improvement in treatment accuracy might improve the therapeutic ratio.
Spatial representations and multiple-visual-systems hypotheses: evidence from a developmental deficit in visual location and orientation processing.

AH, a young, well-educated woman, has a developmental deficit in processing visual location and orientation information. Her deficit manifests itself in a wide range of visual tasks, including visually-guided reaching, copying pictures and words, and responding verbally to the location or orientation of visual stimuli; however, her performance in non-visual localization tasks is intact. AH's visual location and orientation errors are systematic left-right or up-down reflections (e.g., reaching to the far right for an object on the far left). More specifically, the errors involve reflection across the point where AH's attention is focused, regardless of where her eyes are fixated. These results imply that at some level(s) of the visual system, locations and orientations of visual stimuli are represented in a spatial coordinate system with an origin defined by the focus of attention. In these attention-centered representations location is specified in terms of distance and direction of displacement from the attentional focus along horizontal and vertical reference axes. AH's errors, I argue, result from mis-representation of displacement direction (e.g., left rather than right, down rather than up) along a reference axis. Several visual variables dramatically affected AH's performance in visual location and orientation tasks: She was much more accurate for stimuli that were brief, moving, flickering, low in contrast, or high in eccentricity, than for those that were long in duration, stationary, continuous, high in contrast, and low in eccentricity. These results suggest that location and orientation are computed in each of two visual subsystems, which I call transient and sustained, and that AH's deficit affects only the sustained subsystem. I argue that AH's performance poses challenges to multiple-visual-subsystems hypotheses proposed by Ungerleider and Mishkin (1982) and by Milner and Goodale (1995).
Is the Ca2+ transport of human erythrocytes influenced by ELF- and MF-electromagnetic fields?

Abstract In about 400 double experiments, the influence of electromagnetic fields between 15 Hz and 12 kHz on the active calcium pump (Ca,Mg-ATPase) of human erythrocytes was investigated. Each experiment includes the fitting of the efflux kinetics synchronously in two identical equipments, with two parts of the same erythrocyte suspension, one with field, one as untreated control. No clear effect on the activity of the Ca,Mg-ATPase of human erythrocytes could be found, neither for magnetic sinusoidal fields up to 2.6 mT (peak), nor for AC fields supported by a static magnetic field (3.9 mT SMF+3.9 mT, 1 kHz), nor for directly applied electric fields up to 150 V/m. The Arrhenius plot of the rate constants show a transition at 23°C, but no temperature-dependent field effect could be found. Several points, supported by 10 to 20 experiments show a small, but significant decrease in the rate constant of the efflux (45 Hz, 740 Hz, 1040 Hz), but this could not be confirmed by experiments at 620, 920 and 1540 Hz. The statistical deviation of the field effects in the region between 520 and 1540 Hz of the experiments with magnetic fields are significantly larger than for experiments with other frequencies and from such with the electrode system, whereas the deviation of the rate constants themselves are always the same.
Estimating the Variability and Confidence of Land Use and Imperviousness Relationships at a Regional Scale1

: Impervious cover is a commonly used metric to help explain or predict anthropogenic impacts on aquatic resources; often it is used as a surrogate for intensity of human impacts when evaluating effects on aquatic resources. The most common way to estimate imperviousness is based on relationships with land use. Few studies have evaluated how the relationship between impervious surface and land use varies among geographies with different levels of development and between types of imagery used to assign land use type. In this study, we assess variability in estimates of imperviousness based on two locally available land use datasets: one based on aerial imagery (2-m resolution) and another based on satellite imagery (30-m resolution). The ranges and variability in imperviousness within land use categories were assessed at several spatial scales, including within counties, between counties, and between watersheds. Results indicate that there was considerable variability for all developed land use types. Estimated impervious cover often varied over a range of 20-40% points within a land use category. Furthermore, there were clear spatial patterns both between and within counties, with impervious cover for a given land use type being higher near the urban centers and lower at the margins of development. Estimates of imperviousness for 12 study watersheds indicated that variability increased with increasing watershed development, making it difficult to confidently set management or regulatory targets based on impervious cover. This study suggests that locally derived, high resolution satellite or aerial imagery should be used to estimate imperviousness when a high level of accuracy and precision is required for regulatory or management decisions. Furthermore, the error associated with impervious land use relationships should be accounted for when using impervious cover in runoff or water quality models, or when making management decisions regarding stream health.
Fructose Ingestion and Cerebral, Metabolic, and Satiety Responses

RUCTOSE FOUND IN SUCROSE AND HIGH-FRUCTOSE CORN syrup,bothofwhichcontainroughlyequalamounts of glucose, has been the subject of intense debate. Products containing fructose are preferred by consumers and cooks over those containing only glucose, owing to the intrinsically greater sweetness of fructose and its abilitytoimprovetheappearanceandtextureofbakedgoods. As a result, sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup are added not just to sodas, energy drinks, and sports drinks favored by adolescents and adults but also to juice drinks consumed by infants and toddlers and to snacks, processed meats, sauces, and many other foods consumed by people of all ages.
The Safety of Drugs Used in Acid-related Disorders and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Medicines are frequently used in the management of acid-related disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders. With the exception of complicated peptic ulcer disease, these disorders are not associated with appreciable mortality. Drug treatments have consequently been held to the highest standards of safety. Some medicines have been withdrawn or restricted based on assessments and perceptions of risk. However, the risk of serious toxicity is low for most of the agents discussed in this article. Assessments are made of the safety and adverse-event profiles of certain drug classes and, where appropriate, individual medicines. For conditions with a low risk of mortality or serious morbidity, clinicians need to balance the risks of potential adverse events with the anticipated benefits of a successful outcome of specific drug treatment.
Superconductivity and phase stability of selenium at high pressures

Abstract Hexagonal Se shows no indication of a transformation to a metallic, superconducting phase up to 160 kbar. Amorphous Se transforms at about 130 kbar to an unstable metallic, superconducting state which anneals slowly at room temperature toward a non-metallic, non-superconducting phase. Monoclinic Se behaves much like amorphous Se. X-ray diffraction indicates that all samples are in the hexagonal phase after release of pressure.
Complexes of iron and cobalt with new tripodal amido-polyphosphine hybrid ligands

Divalent complexes of iron and cobalt with new, monoanionic tripodal amido-polyphosphine ligands have been thoroughly characterized, and XRD analysis reveals geometries that are distinct for this class of ligand.
Scholarly productivity of U.S. LIS faculty

One aspect of faculty effectiveness can be measured through research productivity, and publication and citation rates can serve as an indicator of that productivity. This study, the fourth in a series to examine LIS faculty and program productivity as measured by publication and citation, uses the same methodology as the previous investigations. A consistent data instrument (the Social Science Citation Index) provided publication and citation data for LIS faculty, covering the years 1999 to 2004. Tables show the faculty and programs with the highest publication and citation rates, both overall and per capita, as well as a cumulative ranking of LIS programs based on faculty research productivity. This study, in conjunction with the three previous, documents an increase in LIS research productivity, suggesting an increase in faculty effectiveness.
A modified diffusion equation for flood propagation in trapezoidal channels

Abstract This study on the diffusion equation was performed to gain new insight into the adequacy of the analytically solvable linear diffusion equation which is used as an approximation to Saint-Venant's equations for flood routing in open channels. The derivation of the diffusion equation was approached assuming a variable trapezoidal channel cross-section, variable channel slope, constant lateral inflow, a generalized velocity—depth relationship and the diffusion approximation to the full Saint-Venant's momentum equation. A new modified diffusion equation was obtained which theoretically accounts for channel and wave variations resulting in new non-linear expressions for the wave celerity and diffusion coefficients. Numerical testing on a linearized version of the modified diffusion equation shows that the assumption of constant values for the parameters of the diffusion approximation yields inadequate flood routing results. Since the assumption of constant wave celerity and constant diffusion coefficient in the diffusion equation amounts to the linearization of the equation, the numerical results of this paper show that the linear form of the diffusion equation is inadequate for flood routing. Therefore it is necessary to consider the non-linear form of the diffusion approximation to Saint-Venant's equations as an approximate model for flood routing.
TU‐D‐330A‐05: CAD Scheme for Early Detection of Osteoporosis: Quantitative Analysis of Vertebral Fractures On Lateral Chest Radiographs

Purpose: To develop a computerized method for detection of vertebral fractures on lateral chest radiographs and to help radiologists'diagnosis by using computer output as a “second opinion”. Method and Materials: As an initial test, we examined our computerized method by using a small database (three fractured and three “normal” cases). Our computerized method was based on detection of upper and lower edges of vertebrae. The vertebral area was determined by using the posterior skinline. This vertebral area, the shape of which was curved in general, was straightened into the rectangle so that upper and lower edges of vertebrae would be oriented approximately horizontally. Horizontal‐line components were enhanced by using a line‐enhancement filter, and vertebral upper and lower edges on the line‐enhanced image were detected by using a multiple thresholding technique followed by feature analysis. In some cases, straightening of vertebral area was inadequate. Therefore, second‐straightening was provided by using left and right locations of detected vertebral edges. Vertebral heights were estimated from detected edges. Finally, fractured vertebrae were identified by estimated vertebral heights. For evaluation of detected edges by computer, three radiologists provided three vertebral edge locations (anterior, middle, and posterior) for vertebral edges, and their results were averaged as reference standard. Results: With our method, all of cases with fractured vertebrae were identified correctly with 0.16 false‐positive detections per case. The locations of vertebral‐edge points detected by computer were very close to the corresponding points determined by radiologists. Results on our computerized detection scheme will be presented for 49 cases (20 cases with fractured vertebrae and 29 normal cases). Conclusions: We developed a computerized scheme for detection of vertebral fractures on lateral chest radiographs. Our preliminary result indicates that vertebral fractures on lateral chest radiographs can be detected by computer.Conflict of Interests: KD: shareholder, R2 Technology Inc.
Strain aging of austenitic Hadfield manganese steel

Abstract Strain aging of Hadfield steel is discussed in terms of the interstitial octahedron, local-order model, which defines order as the probability that a C atom in an octahedral cluster of metal atoms has n (an integer between 0 and 6) Mn nearest neighbors. Equilibrium order is assessed by a Monte Carlo procedure using pair exchange energies derived from an established thermodynamic database and a Boltzmann distribution function. The disorder produced by the passage of a slip dislocation, the resulting change in free energy and, consequently, the stress opposing dislocation motion are calculated both for a single isolated dislocation and for a sequence of dislocations moving on the same slip plane. The model is extended to analyze aging effects involving diffusion of carbon before or during deformation. It is assumed that, during aging, atoms on the metal sublattice are frozen on sites determined either by the high-temperature equilibrium anneal or by prior deformation. Only diffusion of carbon is allowed. The fully aged condition at selected aging temperatures is simulated using a Monte Carlo procedure to assess local order when the free energy of the system is minimum (para-equilibrium). It is shown that the increase in strength on aging is a direct result of the relatively small thermal energy at the aging temperature favoring an increase in the number of Mn–C atom pairs. The predictions of the model are supported by the results of static aging experiments and the model provides a complete phenomenological description of dynamic strain aging in Hadfield steel.
In-vivo detection of tumor-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes with a handheld beta-sensitive probe: a phantom study

Sentinel node biopsy utilizing Technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid is rapidly becoming a standard part of the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Although this method is effective in identifying sentinel lymph node(s) in the axilla, the non-tumor-specific nature of colloids necessitates removal of the node(s) for subsequent analysis. Tumor-specific radiotracers, such as positron-emitting Fluorine-18-labeled Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), have been used with positron emission tomography (PET) to successfully stage breast cancer. Thus, the use of FDG with a handheld probe optimized for detection of beta particles could perhaps help identify cancer-infiltrated nodes during axillary dissection. In this study the ability of a new solid-state beta-sensitive probe to identify tumor- infiltrated lymph nodes was investigated in a phantom study. The axilla and tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes were simulated with gelatin phantoms containing FDG concentrations commonly reported from PET studies. FDG uptake in the organs of a patient was simulated with an anthropomorphic torso phantom. Following examination by the handheld probe, a PET image of the phantom was acquired. The results demonstrated that the probe was capable of identifying lymph nodes containing as little as 10 (mu) l of tumor. This amount of simulated tumor was too small to be detected by the PET scanner. This method, therefore, may be useful in intraoperatively identifying some tumor-infiltrated axillary lymph nodes not detected with PET; potentially increasing the efficiency of axillary dissection. Future clinical trials must be performed to assess the utility of this new technique.
Mach's Principle and Unified Field Theory

An argument based on the impossibility of satisfying Mach's principle within general relativity is given which leads to the idea of unified field theory. A possible alternative is discussed.
Remote chemical sensing by laser optical pumping

We are exploring a new approach to remote chemical identification that promises higher precision than can be achieved by conventional DIAL approaches. This technique also addresses and potentially solves the problem of detecting a target gas in the presence of an interfering gas or gases. This new approach utilizes an eye-safe infrared optical pumping pulse to deplete the population of a specific rotational level(s) and then sends probe pulses at the same or different wavelengths to interrogate the bleaching of the absorption. We have experimentally measured optical saturation fluence level at atmospheric pressure for HCl, and find this level to be {approximately}1 mJ/cm{sup 2}, significantly below eye-safe limits in agreement with calculations. Calculations have been performed on other molecules of interest with similar results. In the laboratory, using time-delay-replicated pulses at a single frequency we have made absorption measurements with precision levels routinely approaching 0.1% after averaging 200 laser pulses. These results as well as those of two other pulse experiments will be presented. 5 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
Therapeutic strategies impacting cancer cell glutamine metabolism

The metabolic adaptations that support oncogenic growth can also render cancer cells dependent on certain nutrients. Along with the Warburg effect, increased utilization of glutamine is one of the metabolic hallmarks of the transformed state. Glutamine catabolism is positively regulated by multiple oncogenic signals, including those transmitted by the Rho family of GTPases and by c-Myc. The recent identification of mechanistically distinct inhibitors of glutaminase, which can selectively block cellular transformation, has revived interest in the possibility of targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer therapy. Here, we outline the regulation and roles of glutamine metabolism within cancer cells and discuss possible strategies for, and the consequences of, impacting these processes therapeutically.
Some ultrastructural features of Rhodosporidium toruloides Banno.

A 21-day subculture ofRhodosporidium toruloides Banno produced septate mycelium with hook-shaped cells over many septa. In the light microscope these hook-shaped cells appeared to be clamp connections; this feature might suggest thatR. toruloides belongs to the basidiomycetes. Electron micrographs, however, demonstrated that the hyphal septum above which the hook cell occurred and the back septum of the hook cell were tapered centripetally, contained a pore in the middle, and were typical of the ascomycete septum. Two electropaque bodies, believed to be similar to Woronin bodies, were observed occluding the pore in one hyphal septum above which was a hook cell. Melanospores in the 21-day subculture were produced terminally on hyphae and laterally above hook cells which occurred over ascomycete-type septa. Proliferating hook cells appeared similar to repeating croziers found in the ascomycetes. The walls of hyphal cells from the 21-day subculture demonstrated lenticular bodies and alternating electrolucent and electropaque lamellae. The walls of 12-hr dividing yeast cells were observed to be similarly lamellate, a characteristic which has been reported typical of heterobasidiomycetous yeasts. SinceR. toruloides exhibited ascomycetous and basidiomycetous features, a reconsideration of its present classification is suggested.
Immediate and delayed reactions to cosmetic ingredients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and etiology of cutaneous reactions caused by cosmetics, with an emphasis on perfume sensitivity, 19 control subjects and 31 patch test clinic patients (16 with a history of adverse cosmetic reactions) were examined for sensitivity by history, open and patch testing using the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) fragrance screening series and 11 other common allergens found in cosmetics. Contact urticaria was very frequent to certain chemicals; however, patients with a history of cosmetic sensitivity were not found to have a significant increase in positive reactions when compared M controls or patients with eczematous skin. 12 subjects had positive patch test reactions, most of which were not clinically relevant, 3 patients with a history of cosmetic sensitivity had positive reactions, only 1 of which was in the fragrance screening series (cinnamic alcohol). There were 6 reactions in patients with eczematous skin, 4 of which were to preservatives, 3 controls had positive reactions, each to thimerosol. A history of cosmetic sensitivity was not confirmed by open and closed skin testing in our subjects.
RECENT ADVANCES IN CATALYTIC OXIDATION IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER

ABSTRACT This article summarizes recent research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic oxidation in supercritical water. We consider both selective partial oxidation for chemical synthesis and complete oxidation for waste destruction. Recent advances in selective catalytic oxidation in supercritical water center around the conversion of p-xylene to terephthalic acid catalyzed homogeneously by MnBr2. Terephthalic acid yields of >90 mol% can be achieved from reactions at 400°C. Using water as the reaction medium provides genuine opportunities for both a more economical and more environmentally benign terephthalic acid production process. Recent advances in complete oxidation via catalysis in supercritical water include the demonstration of heteropolyacids as effective homogeneous oxidation catalysts, and alkali carbonates and carbons as effective heterogeneous catalysts. Additionally, progress has been made in screening transition metal oxide catalysts and determining the reaction-induced chemical and ...
A teaching method for the paralleling technique.

Abstract The teaching method outlined in this article has helped solve some of the problems encountered in a large teaching clinic.
Young, Troubled, and Queer: Gay and Lesbian Representation in Theatre for Young Audiences

Gay and lesbian theatre proliferated in the 1990s in the United States, yet theatre by and for young people remains largely unaffected by this phenomenon. In both theatre for young audiences (TYA) ...
A electromagnetic effect calculation method for engineering design on oil/gas pipelines due to 1000kV AC transmission line in single-phase ground fault

In order to improve the efficiency of path planning and design for 1000kV AC transmission line, a simple and effective method is required to evaluate the electromagnetic effect on petroleum/gas pipelines from 1000kV AC transmission lines and to determine the safe distance. An easily handled fitting formula is inversed based on multiple calculation results, which are the maximum potential differences on the pipeline anticorrosive coating produced by 1000kV AC transmission lines under different conditions, and obtained after the computation for multiple simulation models. The formula can be used to calculate the maximum pipeline coating stress, when single-phase ground fault occur on AC transmission lines. The verification of formula shows that, the calculation results obtained from fitting formula matches with that from models, and the fitting formula is applicable to engineering calculation. This research could be applied to evaluate the electromagnetic effect of 1000kV AC transmission line on nearby pipelines, as well as to determine the safe distance and the maximum parallel length.
Random partitions and edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles

Nash-Williams [1] proved that every graph with n vertices and minimum degree n/2 has at least @?5n/224@? edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. In [2], he raised the question of determining the maximum number of edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles, showing an upper bound of @?(n+4)/8@?. Let @a(@d,n)=(@d+2@dn-n^2)/2. Christofides, Kuhn, and Osthus [3] proved that for every @e>0, every graph G on a sufficiently large number n of vertices and minimum degree @d>=n/2+@en contains @a(@d,n)/2-@en/4 edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. Their proof uses Szemeredi@?s Regularity Lemma, and hence the ''sufficiently large'' requirement on n is a strong condition. In this paper we prove a similar result using methods that do not rely on the Regularity Lemma. In particular, we prove that every graph on n vertices with minimum degree @d>=n/2+3n^3^/^4ln(n) contains @a(@d,n)/2-3n^7^/^8(lnn)^1^/^4/2 edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles. Our proof rests on a structural result that is of independent interest: let G be a graph on n vertices, where n=pq. Then there exists a partition of the vertices of G into q parts of size p such that every vertex v has at least deg(v)/q-min{deg(v),p}@?ln(n) neighbors in each part.
Alterations in mitochondria and mtTFA in response to LPS-induced differentiation of B-cells

Stimulation of immune cells results in altered cell function and metabolism, which must be recognized by and coordinated with energy production from mitochondria. Mitochondria contain their own DNA genome encoding 13 polypeptides that combine with nuclear-derived subunits to create functional enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain. Therefore, coordination of mitochondrial and nuclear transcription is necessary to achieve a sustained elevation in mitochondrial ATP production. Pre-B-lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide exhibit increased activity levels of the mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase. Immunoblot analyses of purified mitochondria indicate an increase in the mitochondrial transcription factor (mtTFA) levels in mitochondria induced by cell stimulation. This increase is consistent with increased mtTFA production in the cytoplasm. In addition, mitochondrial protein extracts indicate an increase in protein binding to a mtTFA-DNA binding site from the mitochondrial genome, subsequent to cell stimulation. These results indicate that mitochondrial activity changes during B-lymphocyte stimulation, and mtTFA may contribute to the coordination of respiration with cellular energy demand.
Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by propene over In2O3–Ga2O3/Al2O3 nanocomposites

Summary In 2 O 3 –Ga 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite catalysts combined the advantages of good propene selectivity offered by Ga 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 and high propene conversion provided by In 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 to yield catalysts with excellent de-NO x activity. A high NO conversion to N 2 of 80% was achieved over the catalyst with 2 wt% In and 8 wt% Ga. This NO conversion was attained even in the presence of 15% O 2 and 10% H 2 O. The In 2 O 3 –Ga 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite remained active in the presence of SO 2 . This combination of high activity, hydrothermal stability and sulfur resistance made our nanocomposite catalysts very interesting for applications in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO x .
A variational method for functions schlicht in an annulus

Abstract : Consideration is given to the family of function f(z) regular analytic and schlicht in the annulus R and satisfying the following conditions: (1) f(z) maps R onto the unit disk minus some continuum G, and (2) G contains the origin. Extremal problems (maximum modulus on the inner boundary and maximum displacement on the outer boundary of R) are solved using a specific method of variation within the family. The variation leads from every given f(z) to a large set of comparison functions within the family. The use of the variational method is further illustrated in finding the maximum diameter of the continuum G for all functions in the family F.
Metal organic framework membranes for carbon dioxide separation

Abstract In this paper we review research progress on metal organic framework membranes which have demonstrated ability to separate carbon dioxide from different light gases. More specifically, we focus mainly on CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 , and CO 2 /H 2 , gas separations which are highly relevant compositions in flue gas treatment, natural gas purification, and hydrogen purification, respectively. We also discuss several conventional and novel strategies developed by several research groups for the continuous defect-free MOF membrane fabrication. Finally, the advantages of using MOFs in mixed matrix membranes and improvements in gas separation performances with the MOF based mixed matrix membranes are presented.
Equivalent mass matrices for rectangular plates in bending.

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Augmentative Communication: Application from Research in Nonverbal Studies

This paper traces the purpose, histoy, and development of augmentative communication and describes the state ofthe art in assessment, system/symbol selection, and range of technology available in aids. Pethaps the most important part of augmentative communication, hever, is communicative function and the facilitation of interaction. In the last 3 years, this aspect of the field bas received greater attention in both research and clinical settings. Recent comparisons of augmentative communication with spoken language and cultural gestures have identified new areas for study and application to nmspeaking individuals.