cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cold War and the Election of 1948

THE impact of foreign policy on American presidential elections in the Cold War years has been relatively neglected by historians. The surprising upset victory of Harry S. Truman in 1948 provides a clear example of the tendency to explain the electoral process primarily in terms of domestic considerations. In the most recent account of the 1948 election, Irwin Ross presents a modified version of the explanation first put forth by Samuel Lubell in 1949. Truman's victory, according to Ross and Lubell, represented the continuation of the New Deal coalition originally created by Franklin D. Roosevelt. By hitting hard at the Republican Eightieth Congress and reminding workers, farmers, and ethnic groups how much they owed to the Democratic party for their improved economic status, Truman was able to carve out a narrow but decisive victory over Thomas E. Dewey. Indeed, Lubell claims that only the relative apathy of the voters in 1948 prevented Truman from winning a landslide triumph.1 Other writers tend to endorse this domestic explanation, though Jules Abels notes that Dewey's decision to forego criticism of Truman's foreign policy-after the Berlin blockade reached crisis proportions in July
Research Advances in Plant Antifreeze Protein

Antifreeze protein(AFP) is a kind of protein or glyeoprotein which can inhibit the growth of ice crystals.In last 3 decades,it has been discovered in polafish,overwintering insects and plants.It includes AFGP,AFP I,AFP 11,AFP III and AFP IV.In this paper,the biochemical characteristics,antifreezing mechanism as well as applications of antifreeze proteins were reviewed.
The Effects of Labyrinth Walking in an Academic Library

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine if labyrinth walking in an academic library would reduce library user stress and promote relaxation. A non- equivalent control group design was employed. Systolic blood pressure was significant for time effect (effect size of.136, and power.721). Pulse rate was significant for time effect (effect size 0.93, and power.507). Satisfaction survey results demonstrated increased satisfaction after labyrinth walking. Data from this pilot will form the basis of a larger scale study to determine the effect of labyrinth walking on stress particularly in high-stress learning environments.
Renal Biopsy in Children: Analysis of 61 Cases of Open Wedge Biopsy and Comparison with Percutaneous Biopsy

Abstract Open wedge renal biopsy was done In 61 children with undiagnosed renal disease. Light and electron microscopic Interpretations were compatible with each other In 66 per cent of the cases. However, In approximately a third of the cases there was a disparity In diagnosis of one microscopic examination versus the other. Regardless, the greatest yield for establishment of diagnosis is obtained by using light and electron microscopy. No deaths were related to renal biopsy. Minor complications occurred in 9 per cent of the cases, none of which required reoperation. Comparison of open wedge with percutaneous renal biopsy reveals that the mortality rate is probably less with the wedge technique. The incidence of complications is approximately the same for both procedures. Percutaneous biopsies resulted in a 10 per cent failure rate to produce any renal tissue or the tissue obtained was inadequate for examination. Thus, diagnosis is not established and treatment is not instituted in 1 of 10 children who is still subject to the morbidity and complications of the needle procedure. However, open wedge biopsy always results in an adequate amount of renal tissue for these diagnostic studies. It can be used for children of all ages compared to percutaneous needle biopsy, which becomes increasingly more of a problem from various parameters with decreasing age of the child, even when performed successfully.
Sexuality and Gynecological Care

This chapter considers concepts of sexuality and gynecological care for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Issues reviewed include normal human sexuality, sexuality education, sexual abuse, contraception, gynecological care, and sexual dysfunction. It is important for all children and youth including those with disabilities to have access to such important education and health care. All humans deserve optimum quality of life and those with disabilities should not be excluded from critical aspects of their own sexuality needs and management of gynecologic concerns or problems.
Stability Radii and Robust Stability

Robust stability describes the stability behavior of systems under (time-varying or constant) perturbations; this concept is also known in the literature as absolute stability. For a given system with given perturbation structure the problem is to find the maximal uncertainty range such that any perturbation with a smaller range will yield a stable system. This maximal range is often called the stability radius of the system. For time-invariant linear systems with time-invariant uncertainties the problem basically boils down to the computation of the maximal real parts of the eigenvalues for the perturbed system matrices. The precise characterization of the stability radius for time-varying uncertainties requires the knowledge of the maximal Lyapunov exponent of the system. Therefore the theory developed in Chapters 5–7 leads to results on stability radii for systems with parametric time-varying uncertainties.
Metaknowledge and Metareasoning

This chapter discusses the metaknowledge and metareasoning. The existence of a formal description for the process of inference is important because it allows refining characterization of belief. It is inappropriate to assume that an intelligent agent believes the logical closure of the sentences in its database. It is more appropriate to define an agents beliefs as those sentences that it can derive in a given amount of time using a given inference procedure. The conceptualization of the inference process allows defining this notion of belief formally, and as a result, one can create agents capable of reasoning in detail about the inferential abilities, and beliefs of other agents. Another important use of conceptualization and vocabulary is in introspection. An intelligent agent should be able to observe, and describe its own problem-solving processes, and it should be able to understand problem solving hints provided by others.
Some observational tests of a minimal galaxy formation model

Dark matter simulations can serve as a basis for creating galaxy histories via the galaxy-dark matter connection. Here, one such model by Becker (2015) is implemented with several variations on three different dark matter simulations. Stellar mass and star formation rates are assigned to all simulation subhalos at all times, using subhalo mass gain to determine stellar mass gain. The observational properties of the resulting galaxy distributions are compared to each other and observations for a range of redshifts from 0-2. Although many of the galaxy distributions seem reasonable, there are noticeable differences as simulations, subhalo mass gain definitions, or subhalo mass definitions are altered, suggesting that the model should change as these properties are varied. Agreement with observations may improve by including redshift dependence in the added-by-hand random contribution to star formation rate. There appears to be an excess of faint quiescent galaxies as well (perhaps due in part to differing definitions of quiescence). The ensemble of galaxy formation histories for these models tend to have more scatter around their average histories (for a fixed final stellar mass) than the two more predictive and elaborate semi-analytic models of Guo et al (2013) and Henriques et al (2015), and require more basis fluctuations (using PCA) to capture 90 percent of the scatter around their average histories. The codes to plot model predictions (in some cases alongside observational data) are publicly available to test other mock catalogues at this https URL . Information on how to use these codes is in the appendix.
Revisiting the Link Between Economic Distress, Race, and Domestic Violence:

Male unemployment may decrease the incidence of domestic violence, due to loss of economic power in the relationship, or increase the incidence of domestic violence, due to emotional outbursts fueled by increased stress. We hypothesize that Black men may face a greater loss of expected future earnings after an unemployment shock due to a more unfavorable labor market relative to White men. Consequently, we would expect that Black men would, on net, exhibit a greater reduction (or a smaller increase) in incidences of domestic violence following an employment shock. This study uses mass layoff events reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) at the county level (N = 3,377) for the years 2003-2008. Mass layoff events occur when a firm lays off at least 50 workers and are uncorrelated with individual-level characteristics (N = 28,939 events, affecting N = 5,337,481 individuals). Domestic violence data are taken from the National Archive of Criminal Justice and defined as occurring when an accused perpetrator is charged, but not necessarily convicted. We use a multivariate regression model to estimate how differences in the change in reported incidences of domestic violence by race correlate with changes in mass layoffs by race. We control for the poverty rate, real per capita income, percent Black, percent women, and percent of females laid off. The standard errors are clustered at the county level and include county and time dummies to account for regional and time specific trends. We observe that an increase in the number of Blacks subject to a mass layoff event do exert a negative associated influence on domestic violence while layoffs of White men exert a positive influence. Our results shed light on how the influence of economic uncertainty on incidences of domestic violence has been found to be positive in some previous research but negative in other research.
Investigating Cellular Quiescence of T Lymphocytes and Antigen-Induced Exit from Quiescence.

Naive T cells are in a quiescent state under homeostasis but respond to antigen stimulation by exiting from quiescence and entering the cell cycle. Appropriate regulation of quiescence is crucial for maintaining T cell homeostasis at steady state and initiating proper T cell responses to antigen stimulation. Emerging evidence indicates that signaling by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a central role in the control of T cell quiescence and antigen-induced exit from quiescence through coordinating immune signals, cellular metabolic programs, and cell cycle machinery. The mTOR-dependent regulation of quiescence has also been implicated in the differentiation and function of memory T cells. In this chapter, we describe techniques to assess quiescent state of naive T cells under steady state and exit from quiescence upon TCR stimulation.
Vagal nerve stimulation for medically refractory epilepsy in Angelman syndrome: a series of three cases

We describe three children with Angelman syndrome and medically refractory epilepsy. Case series of three pediatric patients with Angelman syndrome and medically refractory epilepsy. All three patients failed medical treatment and were recommended for vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation. Following VNS implantation, all three patients experienced reduction in seizure frequency greater than that afforded by medication alone. We present vagal nerve stimulator implantation as a viable treatment option for medically refractory epilepsy associated with Angelman syndrome.
Renal artery embolism: clinical features and therapeutic options.

AbstractRenal artery embolism is an infrequent but important cause of renal loss. However, due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation diagnosis is often delayed and occasionally missed. Furthermore, proper therapeutic intervention is not well established and aggressive surgical management is often ill-advised. We review the literature and present 3 cases seen recently at our institution. Selective intra-arterial infusion of thrombolytic agents appears to be the most favorable treatment. The duration of occlusion does not necessarily correlate with the return of renal function, and the degree of collateral renal blood flow can be important.
Work Stress: Help Me Get My Feet Back on the Ground

As stress in the workplace increases, so does the need to understand how stress can be managed and/or prevented. Tackling this issue is further complicated when stress-related decisions are experienced as ethical dilemmas. This chapter is designed to help employees “get their feet back on the ground” by focusing on internally based factors (i.e., self-efficacy, mood, and fatigue/exhaustion) that can influence stress coping; these efforts will, in turn, help employees with stress management, reduction, and prevention. Along with creating a culture supportive of reduction in stress (i.e., a culture in which making the decision to try and more effectively manage stress does not create an ethical dilemma), we suggest organizations consider: (a) training employees on boundary and coping strategies, (b) promoting short- and long-term recovery activities, and (c) incorporating life quality into socialization and mentoring programs and encouraging social support.
Hypocellular bladder wash specimens and their clinical significance

Bladder wash flow cytometry specimens containing less than 1,000 cells were defined as hypocellular. Between June 1981 and December 1990, 5,676 bladder wash flow cytometry specimens were collected, of which 142 (2.5%) were deemed hypocellular. Of the 132 evaluable patients with hypocellular specimens 34 (30%) had documented evidence of carcinoma compared to 52% for the entire population. Among the 34 patients 30 had transitional cell carcinoma, of which 12 were carcinoma in situ, 9 stage Ta or T1 and 9 stage T2 or greater. Thus, there was no obvious relationship between stage or grade of carcinoma versus probability of a hypocellular specimen. Differences in irrigation techniques of different urologists in the operating room using general anesthesia versus catheter and cystoscopic irrigation in the outpatient clinic are discussed as possible explanations for the hypocellular specimens.
Hierarchical problem solving and the Bayesian optimization algorithm

The paper discusses three major issues. First, it discusses why it makes sense to approach problems in a hierarchical fashion. It defines the class of hierarchically decomposable functions that can be used to test the algorithms that approach problems in this fashion. Finally, the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) is extended in order to solve the proposed class of problems.
Why preservation matters

In this provocative and persuasive book, Max Page assesses the state of historic preservation. Using examples primarily from the United States and Europe, Page details how historic preservation was...
Deletion of calponin 2 attenuates the development of calcific aortic valve disease in ApoE−/− mice

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and lacks non-surgical treatment. The pathogenesis of CAVD involves perturbation of valvular cells by mechanical stimuli, including shear stress, pressure load and leaflet stretch, of which the molecular mechanism requires further elucidation. We recently demonstrated that knockout (KO) of Cnn2 gene that encodes calponin isoform 2, a mechanoregulated cytoskeleton protein, attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE KO mice. Here we report that Cnn2 KO also decreased calcification of the aortic valve in ApoE KO mice, an established model of CAVD. Although myeloid cell-specific Cnn2 KO highly effectively attenuated vascular atherosclerosis that shares many pathogenic processes with CAVD, it did not reduce aortic valve calcification in ApoE KO mice. Indicating a function in the pathogenesis of CAVD, calponin 2 participates in myofibroblast differentiation that is a leading step in the development of CAVD. The aortic valves of ApoE KO mice exhibited increased expression of calponin 2 and smooth muscle actin (SMA), a hallmark of myofibroblasts. The expression of calponin 2 increased during myofibroblast-like differentiation of primary sheep aortic valve interstitial cells and during the osteogenic differentiation of mouse myofibroblasts. Cnn2 KO attenuated TGFβ1-induced differentiation of myofibroblasts in culture as shown by the lower expression of SMA and less calcification than that of wild type (WT) cells. These findings present calponin 2 as a novel molecular target for the treatment and prevention of CAVD.
Effects of fusarochromanone on mitochondrial function in squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland carcinoma

It is known that cancer cells undergo aerobic glycolysis and therefore have a decreased oxidative phosphorylation an increase the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in what is called as the Warburg Effect. As both of these physiological processes occur in the mitochondria, this organelle shows potential as a target for terminating cancer cell growth. Fusarochromanone (FC-101) is a fungal metabolite that shows anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the growth of cancer cells in-vitro by the induction of ROS in the cells. In our project, we studied the effect of FC-101 on the mitochondrial bioenergetics of the head and neck cancer cell lines SCC-40 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) and Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum (PCL) by using western blots and the Agilent Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test. We also studied the migratory capacity of PCL cells using wound-healing assays. A wound-healing assay mimics cell migration during wound healing in-vivo. The results we obtained from this project indicate an increase in the amount of oxidative phosphorylation taking place in the mitochondria of PCL and SCC-40 cancer cell lines, as well as a decrease in the rate of glycolysis. As a result, fusarochromanone is shown to cause an increase in the amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the mitochondria of these cancer cell lines and thus causes an increase in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The data serves to strengthen the potential of FC-101 as an anti-cancer drug.
Hit or a miss: Concordance between histopathologic-endoscopic findings in gastric mucosal biopsies

Abstract Background Current literature shows a variable degree of concordance between endoscopic and histopathologic findings in gastric mucosal biopsies. Most prior studies have focused on specific gastric entities such as gastritis in patients with high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In this study, we assess concordance between histologic and endoscopic findings in a wide spectrum of targeted as well as non-targeted gastric endoscopic biopsies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed pathology database and slides at Hershey Medical Center to identify 630 gastric mucosal biopsies obtained from 525 consecutive patients. The corresponding clinical and endoscopic findings were retrieved from the electronic medical record. Results The rate of abnormal endoscopic and histologic findings was 72.9% and 74.4%, respectively, with Cohen's ĸ coefficient of 0.24. There were 444 (70.5%) concordant cases and 186 (29.5%) discordant cases (88 cases with abnormal endoscopy but normal histology, and 98 cases with normal endoscopy but abnormal histology). Some endoscopic findings, in particular, mass, polyp, ulcer, and nodule/papule were highly concordant with abnormal histopathologic findings; while other endoscopic findings such as inflammatory changes, normal and prominent folds were associated with normal and a variety of abnormal histopathology. Multivariate analysis showed no significant association between intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori in this study. Conclusions Histopathologic-endoscopic correlation in gastric biopsies varies depending on endoscopic mucosal patterns. Intestinal metaplasia may not have a significant association with H. pylori infection in populations with low prevalence of H. pylori.
Review of ‘Christiana Herringham: Artist, Campaigner, Collector’, Royal Holloway, Emily Wilding Davison Building

Maria Alambritis reviews the exhibition ‘Christiana Herringham: Artist, Campaigner, Collector’ at Royal Holloway (14 January–8 March 2019).
Optimal shape design of axisymmetric structures subject to asymmetric loading

Abstract This article describes an efficient method for the shape optimization of axisymmetric structures under asymmetric loads. Our method employs the semi-analytical method for both the primal and adjoint sensitivity analyses to convert the three-dimensional problem into a more manageable two-dimensional problem. By using the Kronecker product and the matrix and vector representations of fourth- and second-order tensors respectively, we obtain finite element formulas for the primal and sensitivity analyses that are succinct, can be readily programmed, and accommodate different element orders and topologies with minimal changes to the code. Instead of imposing local stress constraints on the surface of the component, as it is often done in shape optimization methods that update the design by deforming the mesh, we employ the stress p -norm over the body to approximate the maximum stress—a technique we borrow from recent developments in topology optimization. By doing this, we need not track stresses at specific locations of the body surface, nor impose many local stress constraints. To assess the procedure, the shape of axisymmetric cantilevers subject to a variety of loadings is optimized to minimize their mass subject to von Mises stress constraints; these designs are compared to analytical solutions obtained from beam theory. We also present a shaft shoulder design example that addresses concentrations.
Controle Social: o que as evidências realmente mostram?

As amostras empiricas de impactos tangiveis de iniciativas de controle social sao ambiguas. Esta metanalise reinterpreta como analises por meio de uma nova lente: uma distincao entre abordagens taticas e estrategicas para promocao da voz cidada para melhorar o desempenho do setor publico. Experimentos de campo estudados, selecionados e limitados, selecionados em premissas otimistas sobre o poder da informacao como unico elemento para motivar uma acao coletiva e influenciar o desempenho do Estado. Estudos sobre estrategias mutidimensionais que geram ambientes propicios para a acao coletiva e impulsionam a capacidade estatal de responder a essa participacao sao mais promissores. As estrategias-sanduiche possibilitam que “voz” e “dentes”se empoderar mutuamente, por meio da sinergia Estado-sociedade.
Caregiving tasks and unmet supportive care needs of family caregivers: A U.S. population-based study.

Abstract Objective To describe the type of care provided by a nationally-representative sample of informal caregivers, the frequency of unmet supportive care needs, and examine characteristics associated with unmet needs. Methods Using data from the Health Information National Trends Survey, we identified caregivers of an adult care recipient. Descriptive statistics examined support provided by caregivers for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and caregiver perceptions of their needs in five areas: medical/nursing tasks, accessing services, respite care, support groups, and counseling for caregivers. Bivariate statistics examined sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics associated with each need. Results Among 316 caregivers, 30.9% reported at least one unmet supportive care need. Caregivers most often provided support for 0–2 ADLs and 5–7 IADLs. Younger age and longer duration of time caregiving were associated with unmet supportive care needs for medical/nursing training (p = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Caregivers providing assistance with more ADLs reported needs for respite care support (p=0.03). Conclusion Subgroups of caregivers that may be most vulnerable with greater unmet supportive care needs are those that are younger, have provided care for longer, and those assisting with more ADLs. Future research should explore these factors to inform intervention development.
A 64-Year-Old Woman with Progressive Pain, Numbness and Weakness in the Right Lower Limb

We describe a case of primary neurolymphomatosis (PNL) with unusual presentation of a right lumbosacral polyradiculoneuropathy with no other lesions shown on the whole body fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan. A right superficial peroneal nerve lesion biopsy revealed infiltration of the nerve by malignant CD20+ lymphoma cells. The lymphoma cells expressed Bcl-2 but not CD10, suggesting an origin in peripheral blood not lymph nodes. The patient responded very well to the combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the R-MPV (rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine) regimen. The patient showed marked clinical improvement and complete resolution of lymphoma lesions on the PET scan.
Bug Report Summarization: A systematic Literature Review

Natural language Processing techniques have been proved very helpful in optimizing the software development process. It has improved the accuracy and speed of different steps of development process. Summarization of software artifacts is one of application of natural language processing techniques to help the developers or testers. Summarization tools and techniques have been applied to many software artifacts in the past like source code, discussions and bug reports. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of the natural language processing techniques applied for the summarization of bug reports. Bug reports are very important for development process because these have valuable knowledge of the problems and their resolution. By summarizing bug reports, a lot of developer's time can be saved during bug triaging when developers are looking for the similar problems from the past. Bug report summarization is done by various methods and techniques and it have helped the developer to save their time and better understanding of the problem at hand. This survey of the past techniques used for the summarization of bug reports will provide useful and wide background knowledge of this research field to the future researchers.
1.11 – Nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals are biologically active phytochemicals that possess health benefits. These may be delivered to the consumer as a dietary supplement and/or as a functional food. These products are likely to play a vital role in human health and longevity. The consumption of these products by the vast majority of the public is usually without a medical prescription and/or supervision. The impact of consumer confidence in the growth and survival of the dietary supplement industry is, therefore, direct and enormous. In recent years, the industry has suffered a setback in its growth, due to certain instances of quality failures and/or adverse health effects. This situation has created an urgency for increased regulatory oversight and for monitoring the products at various stages of manufacturing for quality and integrity. Development and implementation of safeguards – such as good manufacturing practice(s), TruLabel, quality certification, product reviews, and quality demonstration/verification – have since been intensified. Certain areas, such as raw material uniformity and traceability, good agricultural practices, and protection from bioterrorism, may still have the potential to impact the nutraceutical markets negatively. Recent improvements in the identification and standardization of botanical materials, coupled with screening by human cell line and gene expression-directed fractionation, are expected to expedite the development of new nutraceuticals and drugs. These will afford an immediate benefit to the rapidly emerging alternative, complementary, and integrated healthcare practices. It is also hoped that the nutraceutical industries and regulatory agencies will work together to prevent the ultimate cost of new drug development from becoming prohibitive.
In Reply: Stiff, numb hands (June 2013)

Readers comment on the measurement of serum calcium in a patient with tetany (June 2013) and on the metabolic side effects of canagliflozin (November 2013).
Analyzing temporal trends and spatial patterns in adverse birth outcomes in Massachusetts from 2000–2014

Abstract This study explores temporal trends and spatial patterns in adverse birth outcomes (ABO) in the state of Massachusetts from 2000 to 2014. ABO include low birthweight (
Abstract PO058: Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 105 cancer-related genes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (iCPI)

Plasma-derived ctDNA provides easily accessible minimally invasive material for molecular testing. There is increasing evidence that underlying genotypes including microsatellite instability (MSI-H), tumor mutation burden, PD-L1 expression or amplification and other molecular changes can be associated with distinct response patterns to iCPI. We isolated ctDNA from plasma samples collected from patients with advanced cancers before starting therapy with iCPI and tested them using a targeted NGS panel (Tempus xF) at average depths of 20,000x(raw reads)/5,000x(unique reads) to detect single nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions in 105 genes; copy number amplifications in 6 genes; copy number deletions in 2 genes; and gene rearrangements (translocations) in 7 genes spanning ~0.3 Mb of genomic space. Variants of unknown significance were excluded. MSI-H status was also tested. Results were compared to molecular testing of archival tumor tissue to assess agreement with ctDNA, and to treatment outcomes. Twenty patients with advanced cancers (breast 5, colorectal 2, cholangiocarcinoma 2, uveal melanoma 2, other 9) dispositioned to start therapy with iCPI (PD-L1/PD1 antibody, n = 18; LAG3 antibody, n = 2) were enrolled. Of 20 patients, 19 had ctDNA results, which passed quality control. The rates of complete detection of all molecular alterations present in archival tumor tissue was 47% (n = 9) and of partial (key driver alterations) detection 32% (n = 6) with a total complete or partial detection rate of 79%. Individual detection rates in ctDNA compared to tissue per patient ranged from 0%-100% (median, 78% in 19 patients). Seventeen patients had a total of 38 alterations (TP53, n = 14; NF1, n = 5; PIK3CA, n = 2; KRAS, n = 2; ESR1, n = 2; FBXW7, n = 2; others [including PD-L1 amplification], n = 11) in ctDNA not reported in archival tissue. Patients with lower amounts of ctDNA ( Citation Format: S. Greg Call, Helen J. Huang, Jordi Rodon, Daniel D. Karp, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, Aung Naing, Filip Janku. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 105 cancer-related genes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (iCPI) [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PO058.
High performance MOCVD for micro LED applications

Veeco MOCVD solutions are capable of supporting multiple substrates (GaAs, InP, sapphire, Si), and offer seamless transition to larger substrate sizes. For 6” GaAs red micro LED, Lumina® has demonstrated total population wavelength yield of >95% in 3 nm bin with defectivity 2um and 25% higher throughput than other platforms. For 6” sapphire miniLED, EPIK® has demonstrated within wafer wavelength 1sigma uniformity of 0.68nm (blue) / 1.24nm (green). For microLED on 200mm and 300mm silicon, Veeco has developed Propel® single wafer reactor for best in-class uniformity. Details of the technology and current data will be discussed.
Lung carcinomas induced by NNK and LPS

Cigarette smoking is the major culprit of chronic lung diseases and the most dominant risk factor for the development of both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, chronic inflammation has been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer and COPD in clinical and epidemiological studies. For pulmonary disease-related research, mice are the most commonly used model system. Multiple lung cancer mouse models driven by targeted genetic alterations are used to evaluate the critical roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These models are useful in addressing lung tumorigenesis associated with specific genetic changes, but they are not able to provide a global insight into cigarette smoke-induced carcinogenesis. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed a lung cancer model by treating mice with cigarette smoke carcinogen nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) with/without repeated lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exposure in order to determine the role of chronic inflammation in lung tumorigenesis. Notably, combined LPS/NNK treatment increased tumor number, tumor incidence, and tumor area compared to NNK treatment alone. Therefore, this model offers a feasible approach to investigate lung cancer development on a more global level, determine the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, and provide a tool for evaluating chemoprevention and immunotherapy.
PLANTS, PATHOGENS, AND THE POLITICS OF CARE: Xylella fastidiosa and the Intra-active Breakdown of Mallorca's Almond Ecology

Almonds were once “the gold of Mallorca,” a source of modest wealth and a pillar of diversified farming systems for smallholders on the largest of Spain’s Balearic Islands. Now researchers believe nearly every rainfed almond tree on the island will be dead within as few as five years. The introduced bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, enabled by its spittle-bug vector, and emboldened by climate change, has flooded the xylem of these rainfed trees, impeding the flow of fluid and nutrients to the point where the tree can no longer survive. This article enrolls feminist theorizations of care and agential realism to broaden the political scope and stakes of a plant epidemic. I argue that by attending to the care relations underlying pathogenicity we can shift from narratives of landscape purification toward a more-than-human politics of care. Abstracto Una vez las almendras eran “el oro de Mallorca,” una fuente de riqueza modesta y un pilar de un sistema de agricultura diversificada para los payeses (campesinos) de la isla mas grande del archipielago balear de Espana. Actualmente los investigadores creen que casi todos los almendros de la isla pueden morir dentro de cinco anos. Una bacteria introducida,Xylella fastidiosa, apoyada por su insecto vector, el salivazo, y animada por el cambio climatico, ha inundado la xilema de los almendros de secano, impidiendo la circulacion de fluidos y nutrientes hasta el punto de que el arbol no puede sobrevivir. Este articulo emplea teorizaciones feministas del cuidado y del realismo agencial para ampliar el alcance politico de una epidemia de plantas. Argumento que teniendo en cuenta las relaciones de cuidado subyacentes de la patogenicidad, podemos pasar de los temas de purificacion del paisaje a una politica mas-que-humano del cuidado.
A latent profile analysis of psychological sense of community and ethnic identity among racial-ethnic minority young adults from the southwestern United States.

Among young adults fof color, both sense of community and ethnic identity, as developmental processes, have been associated with wellness, empowerment, and civic action. Additional research is needed that provides empirical support for the connection between psychological sense of community and ethnic identity on outcomes that relate to human development such as intrapersonal psychological empowerment, civic engagement, and depression symptoms. The current study of young adults of color (N = 243; 70% Hispanic/Chicano(a)/Spanish and 10% American Indian/Native American; 70% female) investigates heterogeneity according to dimensions of psychological sense of community and the ethnic identity construct. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted. Using LPA, five profile groups emerged. Profile group differences were present on reported levels of intrapersonal psychological empowerment, civic engagement, and depression symptoms. Majority of sample participants were classified with moderate to high psychological sense of community and ethnic identity. Findings provide insights for efforts on developing community belongingness based on ethnic group identity and engaging young adults in civic life.
La politique inspirée. Controverses publiques et religion aux États-Unis

Les tensions qui se developpent dans les democraties contemporaines autour de l’articulation entre le religieux et le politique sont l’un des grands defis adresses a nos societes. Ces tensions nous invitent a penser les conditions du vivre-ensemble qui constituent notre socle democratique, et a repenser les criteres sur lesquels repose l’accord autour du bien commun, en cet âge de pluralisme culturel. Les Etats-Unis sont regulierement le theâtre de controverses publiques ou s’affrontent plusieurs repertoires d’evaluation de la construction d’un sens de la justice : avortement, peine de mort, mariage gay, rechauffement de la planete et immigration sont tour a tour examines pour comprendre les regimes de justification qui les sous-tendent. Quel est le role joue par la religion dans la formation du jugement politique des Americains ordinaires ? Quels sont les effets politiques des croyances sur les individus ? Comment l’enchevetrement des socialisations religieuse et politique, et l’hybridation des imaginaires qui en resulte, operent-ils ? Ce sont quelques-unes des questions que souleve l’auteur, au fil d’une exploration ethnographique dans un pays ou l’ethique performante inspire la democratie, mais qui interroge tres directement le debat sur la laicite francaise.
Geometric Segmentation of Carbogenic Molecules. Geometric Origin of Molecular Stereogenicity. 1: Coplanar and Orthogonal Systems

This chapter focuses on the comprehensive geometric segmentation of carbogenic molecules in terms of basic astereogenic and stereogenic building blocks. The 2D and 3D geometric segments are dissected into two fundamental geometric simplexes or geoplexes such as astereogeoplexes and stereogeoplexes. Then it demonstrates how the join of these geoplexes leads to multigeoplexes that are either astereogenic (geoastereogens) or stereogenic (geostereogens). Then by pointing out the analogy between the geometric systems and their molecular counterparts, the fundamental molecular astereogens and stereogens (vide infra) are identified. When intrinsic chirality of stereogens and astereogens is also considered, only three types of fundamental molecular building blocks emerge, namely achiroaster cogens, achirostercogens, and chirostereogens, whereas chiroastereogens do not exist.
The Ongoing Christology of Wolfhart Pannenberg

The ongoing Chrislology of Wolfhart Pannenberg is a rich locus for discerning several major currents in the field of contemporary Christology, for not only does it reflect certain prevalent emphases but it has in fact initiated them. It is the purpose of this article to examine how that is in fact the case.First it is shown how Christology played a major role in the early Pannenberg's overall theological synthesis, forming the key source of his original perception of the structure of reality and of reality's relationship to God. Next, Christology itself is focused upon. Three aspects of Pannenberg's Jesus— God and Man are highlighted as having been widely influential, viz., the method of proceeding “from below” with the history of Jesus providing the starting point; the emphasis on the resurrection; and the stress on Jesus' dedication to the Father (rather than to the Logos) as the basis for understanding his unity with God. The third section of the article traces Pannenberg's recent development in Christology, particularly as reflected in a series of (untranslated) essays in the last decade. Advances in his understanding of method and the growing role of anthropology and Trinitarian doctrine are noted. The article closes with a look to the future, including Pannenberg's own projection of the direction he will be taking in Christology.
Chapter 24 – Information-Related Applications of Lasers

This chapter discusses the information-related applications of lasers. The laser technology has become essential in the treatment of information. They have a wide variety of applications related to the processing, storage, and transmission of information. These applications involve a diversity of areas, such as telecommunications, optical disks, optical computing, and display. The development of the diode-laser-based fiber optic lightwave communications systems has severely improved the communication technology, particularly on long distance telephone communications. The fiber optic links provide significant advantages such as: low cost per channel, large system capacity, freedom from crosstalk and electrical interference, and light weight for telecommunications. The optical fiber lightwave communication systems provide data rates up to gigabits per second, at distances up to tens of kilometers between the repeater stations. Fiber optic systems are used extensively in intercity long-haul telephone links. They have become the preferred medium for a wide variety of communication links. Most of the lasers made worldwide are for use in optical disks. Tens millions of diode lasers are produced annually for use in the compact disc players.
Marine colloids: A neglected dimension

In the ocean, colloids lie at the boundary between soluble chemical species and sinking particles. They account for 30-50% of the ‘dissolved’ organic carbon in sea water, and so are highly important players in marine chemistry. Work invoking polymer gel theory adds a fresh element to understanding colloid behaviour in sea water by quantifying colloid aggregation rates.
Activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I enhancer is mediated by binding sites for Elf-1 and the pets factor.

Infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. This disease occurs in only a small minority of people infected with HTLV-I and manifests itself many years after infection. Therefore, it appears that a fine balance exists between HTLV-I and the host T-cell factors with which it interacts. HTLV-I encodes a transactivating protein, Tax, which activates viral transcription via cellular mechanisms which are incompletely understood. As viral gene expression is negligible during latency, it is doubtful that Tax controls the initial transition to the replicative state. Tax-independent cellular factors which control HTLV-I transcription, and presumably latency, have received little study. Recently, the product of the chicken proto-oncogene ets-1 has been shown to bind to the HTLV-I enhancer and modestly activate transcription in certain cell types (S. C. Gitlin, R. Bosselut, A. Gegonne, J. Ghysdael, and J. N. Brady, J. Virol. 65:5513-5523, 1991). However, the functional significance of the ets-binding site in the intact enhancer has not previously been shown. We now demonstrate that site-specific mutation of the purine-rich ets-binding site significantly diminishes inducible enhancer function, but not Tax response, in the human Jurkat T-cell line. Similarly, mutation of the peri-ets (pets) site, not previously noted in the HTLV-I enhancer, markedly inhibits inducible enhancer function but not Tax response. Further, we show that the predominant protein binding the purine-rich HTLV-I enhancer element in human T cells is not ets-1 but Elf-1, a member of the ets family which is very similar to the Drosophila morphogen E74. Regulation of HTLV-I through Elf-1/pets enhancer motifs resembles that seen with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (D. M. Markovitz, M. Smith, J. Hilfinger, M. C. Hannibal, B. Petryniak, and G. J. Nabel, J. Virol. 66:5479-5484, 1992; J. M. Leiden, C.-W. Wang, B. Petryniak, M. Smith, D. M. Markovitz, G. J. Nabel, and C. B. Thompson, J. Virol. 66:5890-5897, 1992), another human pathogenic retrovirus with a relatively long incubation period.
Emotional and Tangible Reciprocity in Middle‐ and Older‐Aged Carers of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Reciprocal benefits may exist in relationships between carers and their adult sons/daughters with intellectual disabilities, but the topic has not been widely studied. The present study investigated whether older carers of adult children with intellectual dis- abilities perceive emotional and tangible reciprocity in their relationships and the association between perceived reciprocity with quality of life. The authors surveyed 91 parental carers (aged 50+ years, mean = 60.8). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical regres- sion analyses assessed the relationship between tangible and emotional reciprocity and carer quality of life variables (physical and mental health, depressive symptomatology, life satisfaction) and carers' desire for an alternative residential situation of their son/ daughter. Overall, more tangible and emotional support was given than received from their adult children. However, despite varying levels of intellectual disability and functional impairments of their care recipient, carers did report receiving considerable support. Relative disadvantage (i.e., giving more than received) in tangible reciprocity was associated with increased depressive symptomatol- ogy and poorer mental health but also reduced desire for seeking an alternative residential situation for the person for whom they are caring. These relationships were attenuated after covariance analyses. Emotional reciprocity was not associated with any of the outcome measures. The results suggest that perceptions of reciprocity are relevant in caregiving for intellectual disability and may be an underappreciated asset in coping with caregiving.
WALTER BENJAMIN'S SHELL‐SHOCK

Although Walter Benjamin pursued a rigorous theory of the optical unconscious in various texts, most notably in his essays on photography and film, he did not explicitly develop an acoustical variant. This paper argues that, through Benjamin's thoughts on the deja vu and his late correspondence with Theodor Adorno, a major theory of an acoustical unconscious is latent in Benjamin's work. The first half of this paper explores how three characteristics of Benjamin's optical unconscious—its necessity for the presence of a technical apparatus, its ‘other’ nature and its complex relationship to time—can all be transferred to its acoustical counterpart. The last half of the paper uses the theory of an acoustical unconscious to examine closely the singular sounds that Benjamin describes in the ‘Mummerehlen’ fragment of Berlin Childhood. Conceiving of this scene as one of the only concrete models in Benjamin's oeuvre that points toward a working acoustical unconscious, I conclude that Benjamin uses words and thei...
Lévy Walks Versus Lévy Flights

We explore the behavior of random walkers that fly instantaneously between successive sites, however distant, and those that must walk between these sites. The latter case is related to intermittent behavior in Joseph- son junctions and to turbulent diffusion.
Adaptive Encoding: How to Render Search Coordinate System Invariant

This paper describes a method for rendering search coordinate system independent, Adaptive Encoding. Adaptive Encoding is applicable to any iterative search algorithm and employs incremental changes of the representation of solutions. One attractive way to change the representation in the continuous domain is derived from Covariance Matrix Adaptation (CMA). In this case, adaptive encoding recovers the CMA evolution strategy, when applied to an evolution strategy with cumulative step-size control. Consequently, adaptive encoding provides the means to apply CMA-like representation changes to any search algorithm in the continuous domain. Experimental results confirm the expectation that CMA-based adaptive encoding will generally speed up a typical evolutionary algorithm on non-separable, ill-conditioned problems by orders of magnitude.