cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability, sensitivity and selectivity of tungsten trioxide films for gas sensing applications

The stability, sensitivity and selectivity of RF sputtered gold doped tungsten trioxide (WO/sub 3/) films that have been proposed as the sensing element in Taguchi and surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas microsensors have been examined. The WO/sub 3/ film sensing properties such as electrical conductivity and carrier type, concentration and mobility were measured using both two and four point probe Hall effect techniques. It was found that in order for the WO/sub 3/ film to be stable, it was necessary to transform the as-deposited films from an amorphous to a polycrystalline structure through a heat treatment or 'activation' process. This activation process also dramatically improved the response time and sensitivity of the films to hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) gas. The authors show that properly prepared and treated gold doped WO/sub 3/ films are extremely stable, sensitive and selective to H/sub 2/S gas in the p.p.b. range. >
ETA: Robust software for determination of cell specific rates from extracellular time courses

Accurate quantification of cell specific rates and their uncertainties is of critical importance for assessing metabolic phenotypes of cultured cells. We applied two different methods of regression and error analysis to estimate specific metabolic rates from time-course measurements obtained in exponentially growing cell cultures. Using simulated data sets to compute specific rates of growth, glucose uptake, and lactate excretion, we found that Gaussian error propagation from prime variables to the final calculated rates was the most accurate method for estimating parameter uncertainty. We incorporated this method into a MATLAB-based software package called Extracellular Time-Course Analysis (ETA), which automates the analysis workflow required to (i) compute cell specific metabolic rates and their uncertainties; (ii) test the goodness-of-fit of the experimental data to the regression model; and (iii) rapidly compare the results across multiple experiments. ETA was used to estimate the uptake or excretion rate of glucose, lactate, and 18 different amino acids in a B-cell model of c-Myc-driven cancer. We found that P493-6 cells with High Myc expression increased their specific uptake of glutamine, arginine, serine, lysine, and branched-chain amino acids by two- to threefold in comparison to low Myc cells, but exhibited only modest increases in glucose uptake and lactate excretion. By making the ETA software package freely available to the scientific community, we expect that it will become an important tool for rigorous estimation of specific rates required for metabolic flux analysis and other quantitative metabolic studies.
The cell-to-cell coordination between activated T cells and CpG-stimulated macrophages synergistically induce elevated levels of IL-10 via NF-κB1, STAT3, and CD40/CD154

Background: Studies into the regulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), have focused only on the molecular or single-cell level. The cues that induce IL-10 in the context of cell-to-cell communication are scarce. To fill this gap, this study elucidates the cell-to-cell interaction dependent regulation of IL-10. Results: The simultaneous activation of CD4 + T cells via CD3/CD28 and stimulation of macrophages via CpG and their intercellular communication with each other in the same microenvironment is necessary to induce a synergistic expression of IL-10. NF-κB1, ERK, and STAT3 are positive regulators of this cell-to-cell communication mediated molecular change of IL-10 induction. Strikingly, the activation of CD40/CD154 signaling is a negative regulator of IL-10 levels by CD3/CD28/CpG. Conclusions: These findings are of prominence as CD3/CD28/CpG treatment can induce the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-30, and the activation or inhibition of the CD40/CD154 acts as molecular rheostat of the expression of IL-10 or IL-30. More importantly, this not only serves as an example of IL-10 regulation at the cellular via coordination of two signals from two cell types, but these findings also lay the molecular and cellular groundwork for future studies to investigate how to manipulate IL-10 or IL-30 production during inflammation, cancer, or autoimmune diseases.
California — tranformation of mental health care: 1957–1982

California has shown the way to transform mental health care from institutions to a community-based system.
Degradation of mid-latitude craters on Mars

Abstract Recent geomorphic, remote sensing, and atmospheric modeling studies have shown evidence for abundant ground ice deposits in the martian mid-latitudes. Numerous potential water/ice-rich flow features have been identified in craters in these regions, including arcuate ridges, gullies, and small flow lobes. Previous studies (such as in Newton Basin) have shown that arcuate ridges and gullies are mainly found in small craters ( ∼ 2 – 30 km in diameter). These features are located on both pole-facing and equator-facing crater walls, and their orientations have been found to be dependent on latitude. We have conducted surveys of craters > 20 km in diameter in two mid-latitude regions, one in the northern hemisphere in Arabia Terra, and one in the southern hemisphere east of Hellas basin. In these regions, prominent lobes, potentially ice-rich, are commonly found on the walls of craters with diameters between ∼20–100 km. Additional water/ice-rich features such as channels, valleys, alcoves, and debris aprons have also been found in association with crater walls. In the eastern Hellas study region, channels were found to be located primarily on pole-facing walls, whereas valleys and alcoves were found primarily on equator-facing walls. In the Arabia Terra study region, these preferences are less distinct. In both study regions, lobate flows, gullies, and arcuate ridges were found to have pole-facing orientation preferences at latitudes below 45° and equator-facing orientation preferences above 45°, similar to preferences previously found for gullies and arcuate ridges in smaller craters. Interrelations between the features suggest they all formed from the mobilization of accumulated ice-rich materials. The dependencies of orientations on latitude suggest a relationship to differences in total solar insolation along the crater walls. Differences in slope of the crater wall, differences in total solar insolation with respect to wall orientation, and variations in topography along the crater rim can explain the variability in morphology of the features studied. The formation and evolution of these landforms may best be explained by multiple cycles of deposition of ice-rich material during periods of high obliquity and subsequent modification and transport of these materials down crater walls.
Double Time: Is Health Affected by a Spouse's Time at Work?

The amount of time families spend at work increased substantially over the course of the 20th century, but the health implications of these shifts remain poorly understood. Using the NLSY79, we examine potential consequences of men’s and women’s work time on the health of their spouse. We also investigate three mechanisms through which spousal hours might affect health: resources from the job, stress, and time for physical activity and exercise. Husbands’ long (50+) hours predict better health for wives, due in part to greater resources. Wives’ moderately long (41–49) hours of work predict worse health for husbands, due in part to husbands’ reduced exercise time. Our gendered findings highlight persistent inequities in work and family life that constrain the family health–promoting benefits of women’s labor.
Transgender Issues as They Relate to Human Rights: Where We are Now and Where We Need to Be

This paper presents an overview of the current state of transgender law in the United States, with a historical, international and humanitarian flavor. Initially, the reader is educated on transgender terms. Current and existing federal laws that lend protection to transgender persons are then discussed as well as amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The Yogyakarta Principles are briefly mentioned. Lastly, the writer identifies what he believes to be the major issues confronting transgender persons, setting out case law from various jurisdictions (the later being detailed and emphasized in footnotes). The introduction and conclusion present the writer's point of view going forward.
IFNγ and CCL2 Cooperate to Redirect Tumor-Infiltrating Monocytes to Degrade Fibrosis and Enhance Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Carcinoma

Dense fibrosis and a robust macrophage infiltrate are key therapeutic barriers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CD40 activation can circumvent these barriers by inducing macrophages, originating from peripheral blood monocytes, to deplete fibrosis. The precise mechanism and therapeutic implications of this antifibrotic activity, though, remain unclear. Here, we report that IFNγ and CCL2 released systemically in response to a CD40 agonist cooperate to redirect a subset of Ly6C+CCR2+ monocytes/macrophages to infiltrate tumors and deplete fibrosis. Whereas CCL2 is required for Ly6C+ monocyte/macrophage infiltration, IFNγ is necessary for tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages to shift the profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in tumors, leading to MMP-dependent fibrosis degradation. In addition, MMP13-dependent loss of extracellular matrix components induced by a CD40 agonist increased PDAC sensitivity to chemotherapy. Our findings demonstrate that fibrosis in PDAC is a bidirectional process that can be rapidly altered by manipulating a subset of tumor-infiltrating monocytes, leading to enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. Significance: We report that CD40 agonists improve chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma by redirecting tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages to induce fibrosis degradation that is dependent on MMPs. These findings provide novel insight into the plasticity of monocytes/macrophages in cancer and their capacity to regulate fibrosis and modulate chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Discov; 6(4); 400–13. ©2016 AACR . This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, [p. 331][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/6/331?iss=4
Influences of coupling factors on imbalance of dual UHVAC transmission lines installed on same tower and optimization of phase sequence arrangement

Aiming at the intense current imbalance caused by the stronger electromagnetic coupling between UHV transmission lines installed on the same tower,a corresponding model is established with PSCAD /EMTDC for analyzing the influences of the electromagnetic coupling between transmission lines and the installed coupling ground wire on the current imbalance and determining the optimal phase sequence arrangement. The analytical results show that,the imbalance is bigger when one is heavily loaded while another one is slightly loaded;it is smaller when both lines are heavily loaded;it is smaller when AC lines are arranged in reverse phase sequence;when the coupling ground wire is installed,the imbalances of through negative-sequence and through zero-sequence increase while those of circulating negative-sequence and circulating zero-sequence decrease;the influence of the transverse position of coupling ground wire on the current imbalance is bigger while that of its height is smaller.
Cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases bound to cytoplasmic and nuclear polyribosomes in non-infected and adenovirus-infected HeLa cells.

Cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase activity bound to cytoplasmic and nuclear polyribsomes from non-infected and adenovirus-infected HeLa cells was compared. The enzymes catalysed the incorporation of phosphate from γ-32P-labelled ATP or GTP into acid-precipitable material in the absence of exogenous substrates. Their activity was not affected by cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP and was not inhibited by a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase-inhibitor protein. The kinases are tightly bound to polyribosomes of either origin from infected and non-infected cells, since treatment with 0.5m-NaCl did not dissociate the activity. The enzymes and the enzyme-associated endogenous substrates of cytoplasmic polyribosomes are significantly different from those of the nucleus, and adenovirus infection of the cells did not alter the nature of the enzymes or the substrates at 18–20h after infection. Nuclear kinases catalysed 3–4-fold more phosphate incorporation than did the cytoplasmic kinases. They did not phosphorylate endogenous substrates in the cytoplasmic preparations, and vice versa, which suggests that such substrates for cytoplasmic and nuclear kinases are specific. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the phosphorylated proteins revealed the presence of a higher number of endogenous substrates in the nuclear preparation. The nuclear kinases phosphorylated all histones from HeLa cells, but the cytoplasmic ones phosphorylated predominantly the histone of mol.wt. 12000. Bovine heart kinase phosphorylated several low-molecular-weight cytoplasmic proteins and no nuclear proteins. With a DEAE-cellulose column either enzyme activity could be resolved into a number of peaks. The substrate specificities of these peaks indicate that there are at least two different forms of the enzyme in each preparation of polyribosomes.
Patterns of Healthcare Utilization Among Veterans Infected With Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Coinfected With HIV/HCV: Unique Burdens of Disease.

Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis and the primary cause of liver transplantation in the United States, and coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of comorbidities. However, healthcare utilization (HCU) patterns among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients are poorly understood. This study compared the rates of HCU and reasons for hospital admission among HCV-infected, HIV-infected, and HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans. Methods. Hepatitis C virus- and HIV-infected and HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans in care with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) from 1998 to 2009 (n = 335 371, n = 28 179, n = 13 471, respectively) were identified by HIV- and HCV-associated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes from the clinical case registry. We assessed rates of HCU using emergency department (ED) visits, outpatient visits, and hospitalization and primary diagnoses associated with hospitalization. Independent risk factors associated with hospitalization were also examined. Results. Rates of outpatient and ED visits increased over the 11-year study period for all groups, with inpatient admission rates remaining stable. The HCU rates were consistently higher for the coinfected than other cohorts. The primary reason for hospital admission for all groups was psychiatric disease/substance use, accounting for 44% of all admissions. Nadir CD4 500 cells/mm3. Conclusions. As the current population of HCV-infected, HIV-infected, and HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans age, they will continue to place a substantial and increasing demand on the US healthcare system, particularly in their utilization of ED and outpatient services. These data suggest the need for an ongoing investment in mental health and primary care within the VA healthcare system.
First steps in validating the pediatric anesthesia parent satisfaction (PAPS) survey

SummaryBackground In the last few decades, patient satisfaction has become a critical component of quality assessment and is being incorporated into payment for performance plans. However, assessment of satisfaction with anesthesia services is problematic and few validated satisfaction tools have been published. Assessing parent satisfaction with pediatric anesthesia services is even more challenging. Objective Our aim was to develop, implement, and start validating a set of survey questions that evaluate parental satisfaction with the pediatric anesthesia services in order to identify strengths and potential areas for improvement. Methods The Pediatric Anesthesia Parent Satisfaction (PAPS) survey contained 17 questions adapted from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Outcomes and Performance Measures. With consent of the hospital quality improvement committee, the PAPS survey was randomly administered on iPads to 250 English-speaking parents in the main operating room and procedure center postanesthesia care units prior to discharge. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Raykov's rho coefficients, composite scale creation, correlations between items, composite scores, and overall satisfaction measures were used to provide evidence for a subset of validity and reliability types. Results and Conclusions The PAPS survey is a short and simple tool for evaluation of parent satisfaction with pediatric anesthesia services and provides some evidence for validity and reliability. The majority (greater than 95%) of parents reported were satisfied or very satisfied with the care provided by the pediatric anesthesia department.
Pleistocene Ice at the Base of the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada

Oxygen-isotope ratios indicate that a distinctive band of white ice along the margin of the Barnes Ice Cap is of Pleistocene age. It is estimated freom a flow mogerl that beneath the center of the ice cap the thickness of the band shuuld be abont 0.6 times its thickness at the margin, or about 8 m. However, an ingerpengernt estimate, based on calculated vertical strain-rates and explicitly assuming no basal melting, predicts a thickness of about 22 m beneath the center of the ice cap. The discrepancy between the two thickness estimates is interpreted as indicating that basal melting has occurred. Calculated basal temperatures support this conclusion.
Deceased Organ Donor Management: Does Hospital Volume Matter?

Background Identification of strategies to improve organ donor use remains imperative. Despite the association between hospital volume and outcomes for many common disease processes, there have been no studies that assess the impact of organ donor hospital volume on organ yield. Study Design A prospective observational study of all deceased organ donors managed by 10 organ procurement organizations across United Network for Organ Sharing regions 4, 5, and 6 was conducted from February 2012 to June 2015. To study the impact of hospital volume on organ yield, each donor was placed into a hospital-volume quartile based on the number of donors managed by their hospital. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the independent effect of hospital volume on the primary outcomes measure of having ≥4 organs transplanted per donor. Results Data from 4,427 donors across 384 hospitals were collected and hospitals were assigned quartiles based on their volume of deceased donors. Hospitals managed a mean ± SD of 3.3 ± 5.2 donors per hospital per year. After adjusting for age, ethnicity, donor type, blood type, BMI, creatinine, and organ procurement organization/donor service area, being managed in hospitals within the highest volume quartile remained a positive independent predictor of ≥4 organs transplanted per donor (odds ratio = 1.52; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.79; p Conclusions Deceased organ donor hospital volume impacts organ yield, with the highest-volume centers being 52% more likely to achieve ≥4 organs transplanted per donor. Efforts should be made to share practices from these higher-volume centers and consideration should be given to centralization of donor care.
Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma, a Histological Challenge

Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare adnexal tumor of the skin with low-grade cytological features and neuroendocrine differentiation. It has a predilection for the skin of the eyelid, but has also been reported in the face and rarely extra-facial locations. The tumor is seen more frequently in women and on average affects the elderly. It is histologically and immunohistochemically analogous to solid papillary carcinoma of the breast/endocrine ductal carcinoma in situ with a nodular, solid, papillary, and/or cribriforming architecture, neuroendocrine differentiation, and mucin production. Since it was first described by Flieder et al. in 1997, less than 60 cases have been reported in literature. We describe the morphological and immunohistochemical features of another case with a review of the common histological differential diagnoses and emphasize the salient features that help distinguish this rare neoplasm.
Gower: Confessio Amantis and the Fear of Forgetting

Two pivotal scenes in Gower’s Confessio Amantis—the first expressing a fear of forgetting past sins and the second identifying the moment after confession when recollection of sins is no longer necessary—frame the narrative of the fictitious confession. Amans, the penitent, is concerned that he will be unable to remember his sins and, thus, be prevented from confessing properly. Genius, his confessor, answers Amans’ concern by exploring both Amans’ memory of former sins as well as his own memory of exempla and stories derived from the past. The exploration continues until Amans is allowed to forget his sins as he instead recollects his own personal truth—that he has reached too advanced of an age for earthly love.
DETRITUS AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING POPULATION GROWTH RATES OF THREE TENEBRIONID BEETLES IN STORED CORN

Experiments showed that changes in population growth rate due to detritus produced by insect activity in stored grain varies with species and is a prime factor determining ecological succession of secondary grain pests. Cynaeus angustus (LeConte), Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse, and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were reared on a 1:1 mixture of whole and cracked corn. On this diet, T. castaneum showed the highest rate of population growth and L. oryzae the lowest. Population growth of T. castaneum and L. oryzae was stimulated by adding fine dust (collected from infested corn) or dead moths to the diet, and this effect was much greater in L. oryzae than in T. castaneum. Population growth of C. angustus (as indicated by number of adults) was not affected by supplementation of the diet, but larger larval populations were produced on supplemented corn. The results are related to previously reported observations of succession in stored corn.
The structure of glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the location of an essential magnesium ion in the RmlA-type enzymes.

Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a major threat to populations worldwide. Whereas the disease is treatable, the drug regimen is arduous at best with the use of four antimicrobials over a six-month period. There is clearly a pressing need for the development of new therapeutics. One potential target for structure-based drug design is the enzyme RmlA, a glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of l-rhamnose, which is a deoxysugar critical for the integrity of the bacterium's cell wall. Here we report the X-ray structures of M. tuberculosis RmlA in complex with either dTTP or dTDP-glucose to 1.6 A and 1.85 A resolution, respectively. In the RmlA/dTTP complex, two magnesium ions were observed binding to the nucleotide, both ligated in octahedral coordination spheres. In the RmlA/dTDP-glucose complex, only a single magnesium ion was observed. Importantly, for RmlA-type enzymes with known three-dimensional structures, not one model shows the position of the magnesium ion bound to the nucleotide-linked sugar. As such, this investigation represents the first direct observation of the manner in which a magnesium ion is coordinated to the RmlA product and thus has important ramifications for structure-based drug design. In the past, molecular modeling procedures have been employed to derive a three-dimensional model of the M. tuberculosis RmlA for drug design. The X-ray structures presented herein provide a superior molecular scaffold for such endeavors in the treatment of one of the world's deadliest diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Communicative Scheduling of Integrated Microgrids

A Provisional Microgrid (PMG) is a specific and promising type of microgrid that enhances the utilization of renewable energy resources in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The PMGs, however, must be electrically integrated to an existing microgrid, called a coupled microgrid (CMG), for islanded operation. This paper proposes a communicative optimal scheduling model in which the local power exchange between a PMG and a CMG is determined through iterative exchange of relevant information. The final solution will ensure a reduced load curtailment in PMG and a higher economic benefit for the CMG. The proposed model is mathematically formulated using mixed-integer programming, and studied through numerical simulations to show performance and effectiveness.
Non-obstetric Emergency Surgery in the Pregnant Patient

Pregnant patients are often a fear-inducing population for the general surgeon. These patients present a unique and sometimes difficult challenge, representing one of the few situations in surgery where decisions have the potential to directly affect two lives. Despite this, little emphasis seems to be placed on teaching general surgeons specific considerations about this population. Though there are actually “two patients,” the well-being of the mother always takes precedence over that of the fetus, since in emergent situations especially, the optimal management of the condition of the fetus is appropriate resuscitation, diagnosis, and management of the mother. There are many important anatomic and physiologic changes to consider in the pregnant patient, and these changes effect practically every organ system. These changes must be considered whether pregnant mothers present with emergency general surgical conditions or injuries, as they carry the need for specific considerations in both the evaluation and treatment of these patients.
Secure multi-party linear regression at plaintext speed.

We detail distributed algorithms for scalable, secure multiparty linear regression and feature selection at essentially the same speed as plaintext regression. While the core geometric ideas are simple, the recognition of their broad utility when combined is novel. Our scheme opens the door to efficient and secure genome-wide association studies across multiple biobanks.
Sleep and eating disorders among adults enrolled in a commercial weight loss program: associations with self-report and objective sleep measures.

Some research suggests that eating disorders are related to poor sleep health. To increase knowledge on the relation between sleep and eating disorders, we used a multi-method approach to examine associations between sleep, chronotype, and eating disorder psychopathology. We investigated associations between ED psychopathology, both diagnostic categories (ascertained through self-report data) and dimensional measures, and self-report and ambulatory measures of sleep. Adults currently enrolled in a commercial weight loss program completed self-report measures as well as 1 week of ambulatory sleep monitoring and sleep diaries. Participants with full- or sub-threshold bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder reported significantly lower subjective sleep health and greater eveningness. Additionally, greater severity of eating disorder psychopathology was associated with lower subjective sleep health and greater eveningness. Eating disorder psychopathology was generally not related to objective sleep measures. Regarding diary measures, global eating disorder psychopathology was negatively correlated with subjective reports of feeling rested. Eating disorder psychopathology is associated with participants’ subjective sense of sleep quality, but appears to have little relation to objective sleep characteristics. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive study.
Advances in Financial Machine Learning: Lecture 2/10 (seminar slides)

Machine learning (ML) is changing virtually every aspect of our lives. Today ML algorithms accomplish tasks that until recently only expert humans could perform. As it relates to finance, this is the most exciting time to adopt a disruptive technology that will transform how everyone invests for generations. In this course, we discuss scientifically sound ML tools that have been successfully applied to the management of large pools of funds.
Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibition by JQ1 Produces Divergent Transcriptional Regulation of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling Genes in Adipocytes

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway has cell-specific functions. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of JAK-STAT signaling. STAT5 plays a significant role in adipocyte development and function, and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins may be involved in STAT5 transcriptional activity. We treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with the BET inhibitor JQ1 and observed that growth hormone (GH)-induced expression of 2 STAT5 target genes from the SOCS family, Socs3 and Cish, were inversely regulated (increased and decreased, respectively) by BET inhibition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that changes in STAT5 binding did not correlate with gene expression changes. GH promoted the recruitment of the BET protein BRD2 to the Cish, but not Socs3, promoter. JQ1 treatment ablated this effect as well as the GH-induced binding of ribonucleic acid polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to the Cish transcription start site. BRD2 knockdown also suppressed GH induction of Cish, further supporting the role of BRD2 in Cish transcriptional activation. In contrast, JQ1 increased the binding of activated Pol II to the Socs3 coding region, suggesting enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) elongation. Our finding that JQ1 transiently reduced the interaction between the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) and its inhibitor hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1) is consistent with a previously described off-target effect of JQ1, whereby P-TEFb becomes more available to be recruited by genes that do not depend on BET proteins for activating transcription. These results demonstrate substantially different transcriptional regulation of Socs3 and Cish and suggest distinct roles in adipocytes for these 2 closely related proteins.
History, Physical Exam, and Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fracture

The vertebral compression fracture (VCF) may be the initial sign of a patient’s subsequent downhill spiral if the underlying etiology is not properly diagnosed. The presentation often is generalized lower-back pain, which may be poorly localized and without a direct etiology or traumatic event. Neurologic symptoms are rare. Comprehensive evaluation includes a detailed history and examination, radiographic studies, and laboratory evaluation. Osteoporotic patients with a VCF may have progressive spinal deformity that affects functional levels and mortality. Improved and accurate diagnostic evaluation improves the ability to target appropriate therapeutic intervention to the patients who would benefit most.
Low-Cost Pressure Gauges for Measuring Water Waves

Temple, N.A.; Webb, B.M.; Sparks, E.L., and Linhoss, A.C., 2020. Low-cost pressure gauges for measuring water waves. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(3), 661–667. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Waves have profound effects on coastal geomorphology, but the understanding of wave climate effects on coastal ecology is limited due, in part, to the high cost of commercial wave gauges. High-cost gauges also limit the scope of coastal wave models and the ability of coastal land managers to design effective restoration, conservation and enhancement projects. To address these limitations, a low-cost do-it-yourself (DIY) wave gauge was constructed using commercial plumbing parts, a pressure sensor, an Arduino© microcontroller and adapted accessories. Details on gauge construction, coding and an instructional video tutorial are provided. Performance of the DIY gauge was determined by measuring the agreement of raw pressure data recorded by the DIY gauge to a comparable commercial gauge in both a laboratory wave channel study featuring a series of wave tests and in a complementary field test. Agreement of raw pressure data among gauges in the wave channel study was assessed using paired t-tests and by fitting linear models. Field test data agreement was assessed by comparing the total wave field energy recorded by each gauge and by fitting a linear model to recorded raw pressure data. Pressure data agreement between the gauges was excellent in all wave channel tests with mean differences between pressure readings consistently near zero and with 95% of all differences lying within ±63 Pascals (<1 cm static water depth), on average. The greatest variability between readings occurred within tests featuring high-frequency waves, mirroring results reported by others. Still, raw DIY wave gauge data explained, on average, 91% of the variance in raw commercial gauge data in wave channel tests. Field performance testing indicated similar gauge responses with 92% total wave energy agreement. Thus, the DIY wave gauge is a viable alternative to high-cost gauges that could improve the understanding and management of coastal environments.
Women in North American railroad operational roles: Opportunities and challenges

Abstract Leaders in the traditionally male-dominated railroad industry should understand the challenges associated specifically with more women in their workplaces and, perhaps more importantly, gain a clearer understanding of how to attract and retain more female employees. Researchers surveyed employees at two of North America's largest railroads—one in the United States and another in Canada—to anonymously record employees' current attitudes regarding women in traditionally male-dominated operations positions. These railroads agreed to participate in this study in order to help identify sources of potential employment recruitment pools and pinpoint gender-specific barriers in the workplace. This research included tracing historical challenges women have faced in becoming railroad operating employees. In addition to analyzing trends and challenges of employing women in male-dominated roles, this study considered how job vacancies should be marketed to gain the interest of potential female employees and examined how to implement best practices to promote and foster greater numbers of women in these operational roles.
Immune and microRNA responses to Helicobacter muridarum infection and indole-3-carbinol during colitis.

Background Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists are known to modulate the immune system and ameliorate various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in animal models, including colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents or diagnostic elements. Enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) species are associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about how these species affect the immune system or response to treatment. Aim To determine whether infection with an EHH species alters the response to I3C and how the immune and miRNA responses of an EHH species compare with responses to DSS and inflammatory bowel disease. Methods We infected C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter muridarum (H. muridarum), with and without DSS and I3C treatment. Pathological responses were evaluated by histological examination, symptom scores, and cytokine responses. MiRNAs analysis was performed on mesenteric lymph nodes to further evaluate the regional immune response. Results H. muridarum infection alone caused colonic inflammation and upregulated proinflammatory, macrophage-associated cytokines in the colon similar to changes seen in DSS-treated mice. Further upregulation occurred upon treatment with DSS. H. muridarum infection caused broad changes in mesenteric lymph node miRNA expression, but colitis-associated miRNAs were regulated similarly in H. muridarum-infected and uninfected, DSS-treated mice. In spite of causing colitis exacerbation, H. muridarum infection did not prevent disease amelioration by I3C. I3C normalized both macrophage- and T cell-associated cytokines. Conclusion Thus, I3C may be useful for inflammatory bowel disease patients regardless of EHH infection. The miRNA changes associated with I3C treatment are likely the result of, rather than the cause of immune response changes.
Above the influence of vaping: Peer leader influence and diffusion of a network-informed preventive intervention

Abstract Using social networks to inform prevention efforts is promising but has not been applied to vaping. To address this gap, we pilot tested the peer-led Above the Influence of Vaping (ATI-V) and examined diffusion through 8th grade networks in three schools. Fifty students, nominated and trained as Peer Leaders, implemented prevention campaigns informed by communication science, including gain-loss messaging and social norming. Across schools, 86–91% of students (N = 377) completed measures (pre-post) of electronic vaping product (EVP) use and attitudes, and named close friends and adults to construct social networks. Using baseline reports, we classified students as Recent EVP Users (10%), Vulnerable Nonusers (24%), or Resolute Nonusers (66%). Peer Leaders had reach through friendship connections to students at varying risk of vaping; 12–16 weeks after Peer Leaders were trained and began implementing campaigns, 79% of Resolute Nonusers and 74% of Recent Users/Vulnerable Nonusers reported exposure to a vaping prevention message. Students with more Peer Leader friends were less likely to report recent EVP use (OR = 0.41) or intention to use an EVP (B = 0.12) on post-surveys, supporting the intervention conceptual model positing diffusion through friendship networks. Use of student-nominated peer leaders was supported by network analyses showing EVP Users integrated within the friendship network, having more high-risk friends, and fewer adult connections. This evidence is the first to show that adolescent Peer Leaders with ongoing mentoring and science-informed campaigns can potentially reduce EVP acceptability and use. Areas for refining ATI-V include increasing consistency of campaign exposure across schools.
Investigation of the efficacy of mycotoxin-detoxifying additive on health and growth of newly-weaned pigs under deoxynivalenol challenges.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of feeding diets naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (supplemental 2 mg/kg) on health, growth, and the effects of a mycotoxindetoxifying additive in newly-weaned pigs. METHODS Thirty-six pigs (27 day-old) were housed individually and assigned to 3 treatments for 5 weeks: CON (diet containing minimal deoxynivalenol), MT (diet with supplemental 1.9 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), and MT+D (MT + mycotoxin-detoxifying additive, 0.2%, MegaFix, ICC, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The mycotoxin-detoxifying additive included bentonite, algae, enzymes, and yeast. Blood was taken at week 2 and 5. Jejunal tissue were taken at week 5. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. RESULTS Pigs fed MT+D tended to have decreased (p = 0.056) averaged daily feed intake during week 1 than MT. At week 2, serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase in MT tended to be lower (p = 0.059) than CON, whereas it was increased (p< 0.05) for MT+D than MT, indicating hepatic damages in MT and recovery in MT+D. Pigs fed MT had lower (p<0.05) blood urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON, supporting hepatic damage. At week 5, pigs fed MT tended to have reduced (p = 0.079) glucose than CON, whereas it was increased (p<0.05) for MT+D than MT, indicating impaired intestinal glucose absorption in MT, which was improved in MT+D. Pigs fed CON tended to have increased (p = 0.057) total glutathione in jejunum than MT, indicating oxidative stress in MT. Pigs fed MT+D had a reduced (p<0.05) proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in jejunum than MT, indicating lower enterocyte proliferation in MT+D. CONCLUSION Feeding supplemental 1.9 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol reduced growth and debilitated hepatic health of pigs, as seen in leakage of hepatic enzymes, impaired nitrogen metabolism, and increase in oxidative stress. The mycotoxin-detoxifying enhanced hepatic health and glucose levels, and attenuated gut damage in pigs fed deoxynivalenol contaminated diets.
Sustained Interleukin-1β overexpression exacerbates Tau pathology in a murine tauopathy model via cyclooxygenase-1

Pathologic accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer9s disease and other tauopathies. Interleukin-1 beta is a major proinflammatory cytokine in the central nervous system that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tauopathies as well as Alzheimer9s disease. To explore the role of chronic IL-1 beta overexpression in tauopathies in vivo we used an inducible model of IL-1 beta overexpression developed in our laboratory. The IL-1 beta (IL-1) mice bear a transcriptional stop flanked by LoxP elements upstream of a human IL-1 beta gene. Upon delivery of Cre, the IL-1 transgene is locally activated by excision of the stop sequence. The IL-1 mice were bred to JNPL3 (Tau) mice, which overexpress human tau with the P301L mutation. Expression of IL-1 beta was induced in the dentate gyrus of 8 to 8.5 month old progeny by stereotaxic injection of FIV-Cre. One and three months later, Tau/IL-1 mice demonstrated 2-4 fold increases in phospho-tau and glial activation. To attenuate IL-1 beta mediated inflammation, we reduced PGE2 production via pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with SC560 in Tau/IL-1 mice, and observed significant reductions in phospho-tau pathology and microglial activation. Further, we found upregulation in active forms of p38MAPK, which was significantly reduced in mice receiving SC560 treatment. Our results demonstrate that IL-1 beta has a direct exacerbating effect on tau pathology in vivo, and inhibiting COX-1 can reverse this. COX-1 inhibition can therefore serve as a valuable therapeutic strategy for tauopathies with an advanced inflammatory component.
Making Meaning of Peace: A Study of Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia:

In post-conflict and transitional settings, adolescents are important civic and political actors as potential peacebuilders. Policy and programming often focus on promoting prosocial outcomes for t...
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as a pathologic calcaneal fracture: A case report

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma is a common malignancy and often presents with metastatic disease. Metastasis to the pedal bones is uncommon and has only been described a few times in the literature. We present a rare case of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma whose initial presenting symptom was a pathologic calcaneal fracture. This case demonstrates the need for full workup and multidisciplinary care when evaluating tumors in the foot and ankle.
Adverse childhood experiences and the substance use behaviors of Latinx youth.

Abstract Purpose Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with substance use, how cultural factors influence this association for Latinx youth is unknown. This study uses longitudinal data to examine associations of cultural factors, ACEs and substance use among Latinx young adults. Methods Latinx youth (N = 1179) completed surveys from a longitudinal study at seven assessment points from 2005 to 2016; ACEs was assessed when participants were on average 21.6 and substance use 23.9 years. ACEs measured psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, parental violence, divorce, substance use, mental illness, and incarceration. A three-stage hierarchical ordinary least squares (alcohol use) and negative binomial regression models (problematic alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use) were estimated to evaluate the role of cultural factors (acculturation, enculturation and ethnic identity) and ACEs in shaping substance use behaviors. Results Controlling for cultural variables, ACEs sum (B = 0.03, p = .01), maltreatment (B = 0.16, p Conclusions Results suggest a predictive relationship between ACEs, and alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use, after accounting for cultural factors. Beyond acculturation, enculturation and ethnic identity, findings identify ACEs as a salient predictor of substance use among Latinx young adults.
Calcium-induced release of cytochrome c from cardiolipin nanodisks: Implications for apoptosis.

Abstract Miniature bilayer membranes comprised of phospholipid and an apolipoprotein scaffold, termed nanodisks (ND), have been used in binding studies. When ND formulated with cardiolipin (CL), but not phosphatidylcholine, were incubated with cytochrome c, FPLC gel filtration chromatography provided evidence of a stable binding interaction. Incubation of CL ND with CaCl2 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in sample turbidity caused by ND particle disruption. Prior incubation of CL ND with cytochrome c increased CL ND sensitivity to CaCl2-induced effects. Centrifugation of CaCl2-treated CL ND samples yielded pellet and supernatant fractions. Whereas the ND scaffold protein, apolipophorin III, was recovered in the pellet fraction along with CL, the majority of the cytochrome c pool was in the supernatant fraction. Moreover, when cytochrome c CL ND were incubated with CaCl2 at concentrations below the threshold to induce ND particle disruption, FPLC analysis showed that cytochrome c was released. Pre-incubation of CL ND with CaCl2 under conditions that do not disrupt ND particle integrity prevented cytochrome c binding to CL ND. Thus, competition between Ca2+ and cytochrome c for a common binding site on CL modulates cytochrome c binding and likely plays a role in its dissociation from CL-rich cristae membranes in response to apoptotic stimuli.
Evaluation of headache in patients with cancer

Headache is a common complaint and is often benign. When patients with cancer describe new headaches, it is important to ensure that there are no emergent or concerning etiologies, including metastatic disease. This review article details primary and secondary headaches. Red flags-the do-not-miss warning signs-are described. An initial approach to the evaluation, including suggestions for imaging, features to look for in a targeted examination, and when to request a consultation, is outlined. An overview of headache etiologies is described with a particular emphasis on the most common types: migraine and tension. The classification of headaches, based on criteria from the International Classification of Headache Disorders (3rd edition; beta version), is reviewed. Medications used for treatment, including newer biological agents, are described, and there are details about both abortive and preventive medication therapies. Suggestions for complementary and integrative therapies, some of which may be synergistic in treating other cancer symptoms, are outlined; they include mindfulness therapies, which are gaining traction in treating a variety of medical conditions. Readers should have an understanding of headache evaluation in patients with cancer and should know how to formulate a plan for a diagnosis. In addition, readers will gain familiarity with common treatments, both pharmacological and complementary/integrative.
Menacing Monikers: The Evidentiary Value of NPHC Organization Chapter Nicknames

Violent hazing has long-been an issue for black Greek-letter organizations (“BGLO”). Litigation resulting from the 2009 death of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity pledge, Donnie Wade, highlights what could become important evidence in future litigation. This article explores how BGLO chapter monikers, suggestive of violence, might be used in litigation against BGLOs where hazing is at issue.
Gas Core Reactor with Magnetohydrodynamic Power System and Cascading Power Cycle

The U.S. Department of Energy initiative Generation IV aim is to produce an entire nuclear energy production system with next-generation features for certification before 2030. A Generation IV-capa...