cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing the Size of Nanocrystals below the Thermodynamic Size Limit

In material systems with competing phase stabilities, simple growth techniques for nanocrystal synthesis are generally restricted to producing the thermodynamically lowest energy crystal structure. Alumina is one industrially and scientifically relevant example where the excess enthalpy of high specific surface area structures (i.e., nanocrystals) forces synthesized nanocrystals to adopt crystal structures that deviate from those observed in large crystals and have very different properties. Prior room temperature thermodynamic calculations determine that alumina nanocrystals smaller than 12 nm are either γ or amorphous, and numerous experimental works confirm the difficulty of producing α-alumina nanocrystals smaller than ∼15 nm. In this work, a direct and simple, high-energy processing route was developed in order to reduce as-grown ∼50 nm α-alumina starting crystallites down to sub-10 nm crystallites; below the room temperature thermodynamic crossover size limit. The nanocrystals were subsequently wash...
Posterior hip instability relocation testing: a resident’s case report

AbstractBackground: Micro-instability (non-radiographic clinical instability) continues to gain recognition as a problem at the hip. Although most research has been directed to anterior hip instability, posterior hip instability (PHI) has also garnered attention. PHI is under recognized, difficult to identify, and confused with other hip pathologies such as a simple sprain or strain. A novel clinical test is introduced that may have helped identify PHI in this patient. Additionally, a conservative rehabilitation approach emphasizing stabilization exercises is described.Case Description: A 29-year-old female presented with complaints of posterior lateral and anterior hip pain of 1.5 years duration. Upon initiating an aggressive stretching program, her pain worsened. Examination revealed limited and painful hip flexion, and positive anterior impingement testing for femoroacetabular impingement. Both tests were significantly less painful with more motion when retested with manual repositioning of the femoral...
X-ray computed tomography comparison of individual and parallel assembled commercial lithium iron phosphate batteries at end of life after high rate cycling

Abstract X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) across multiple length scales is utilized for the first time to investigate the physical abuse of high C-rate pulsed discharge on cells wired individually and in parallel.. Manufactured lithium iron phosphate cells boasting high rate capability were pulse power tested in both wiring conditions with high discharge currents of 10C for a high number of cycles (up to 1200) until end of life (
Weak Instances of PLWE

In this paper we present a new attack on the polynomial version of the Ring-LWE assumption, for certain carefully chosen number fields. This variant of RLWE, introduced in [BV11] and called the PLWE assumption, is known to be as hard as the RLWE assumption for \(2\)-power cyclotomic number fields, and for cyclotomic number fields in general with a small cost in terms of error growth. For general number fields, we articulate the relevant properties and prove security reductions for number fields with those properties. We then present an attack on PLWE for number fields satisfying certain properties.
The Postmortem Forensic Examination/Autopsy

Chapter 7 begins by providing a synopsis of the differences between a hospital (medical) autopsy and a forensic (medicolegal) autopsy. Most of the chapter deals with a relatively detailed discussion of the various aspects of a forensic autopsy, including investigation, external examination, internal examination, and ancillary procedures, and the chapter concludes by discussing cases in which autopsies are not performed, the role of the autopsy assistant, and office accreditation and forensic autopsy standards.
It’s a process: Searching for meaning among the microbes

John Dupre has spent his career pushing against boundaries in biology and its philosophy. In the process of building a cottage industry out of disrupting what appeared to be fairly settled biological categories, Dupre managed to articulate an influential general metaphysics of science that was able to give us much of what we wanted from scientific realism while still remaining faithful to the heterodox duprevity of the ‘‘Disunity of Science’’ school. All the while, his work in these domains maintained a fruitful back and forth with the subject of human nature, where he continues to resist campaigns to homogenize Homo in a variety of disciplines. Processes of Life brings together a number of Dupre’s essays over the last decade that aim to further dupreve our thinking on matters that have traditionally dominated his scholarly agenda, this time with work on microbiology and process ontology leading the charge (for which he recently received a major grant from the European Research Council). As usual, Dupre’s work is a pleasure to read, and readers will surely appreciate the ease with which they can now access the pieces previously published as book chapters. But this particular collection of essays, I’m afraid, will not be successful in extending the reach of Dupre’s thought in the philosophy of biology. The most philosophically interesting discussions are not significant departures from the work for which he’s best known, and the most significant departures from the work for which he’s best known are not that philosophically
How You Say It Matters: The Role of Recognition and Advice Networks in Organizational Perceptions

The author discusses different types of instrumental networks experienced by employees in the workplace in seeking to better understand variation in employee organizational perceptions. Conceptuali...
HIV Prevention in the Developing World: Training Researchers for the Long Haul

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains largely unavailable in the developing world. But even with increased availability, HAART is not a silver bullet either for treating or for preventing HIV. Arguably, it is more important than ever to develop and rigorously test innovative interventions to prevent the transmission of HIV. The collection of publications in this issue features the prevention research conducted by the International Program of the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco. These nine studies offer practical strategies for monitoring the epidemic in all its stages, and suggest affordable prevention approaches in a wide range of settings in the developing world.
Is The World Enough? Culture, Translation, and Impassable Differences in the Life of Victoria Ocampo

Victoria Ocampo’s work and linguistic aptitude were often criticized due to her gender and privileged social position. Her abilities were seen as intrusions into languages, cultures and a world of intellectual exchange in which she was tolerated, but never accepted. In light of recent studies on intercultural maturity, this essay argues that Ocampo’s relationship between language and culture can now be read as a blueprint for the modern world. This world is that of increased interest in globalization, one in which it is less and less rare that family members need a passport in order to visit one another, and in which heritage language speakers are no longer the odd minority. The world today is marked by transculturation and other incidences of overlapping ethnic and national heritages historically isolated for their “otherness” within a dominant socio-cultural structure seeking homogeneity to a white, western European ideology.
THE ETHICAL JUSTIFICATION OF CAPITALISM and WHY SOCIALISM IS MORALLY INDEFENSIBLE

The last four chapters have provided systematic reasons and empirical evidence for the thesis that socialism as a social system that is not thoroughly based on the “natural theory of property” (the first-use-first-own rule) which characterizes capitalism must necessarily be, and in fact is, an inferior system with respect to the production of wealth and the average standard of living. This may satisfy the person who believes that economic wealth and living standards are the most important criteria in judging a society-and there can be no doubt that for many, one’s standard of living is a matter of utmost importance-and because of this it is certainly necessary to keep all of the above economic reasoning in mind. Yet there are people who do not attach much importance to economic wealth and who rank other values even higher-happily, one might say, for socialism, because it can thus quietly forget its original claim of being able to bring more prosperity to mankind, and instead resort to the altogether different but even more inspiring claim that whereas socialism might not be the key to prosperity, it would mean justice, fairness, and morality (all terms used synonymously here). And it can argue that a trade-off between efficiency and justice, an exchange of “less wealth” for “more justice” is justified, since justice and fairness, are fundamentally more valuable than economic wealth.
A multi-regional obsidian database for the Eastern Plains

Northern and Central Plains obsidian artifacts curated by the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History have received little attention by researchers working to understand the na...
R-Covnet: Recurrent Neural Convolution Network for 3D Object Recognition

Pointcloud is a very precise digital format for recording objects in space. Pointclouds have received increasing attention lately, due to the higher amount of information it provides compared to images. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning architecture called R-CovNet, designed for 3D object recognition. Unlike previous architectures that usually sample or convert pointcloud into three-dimensional grids before processing, R-CovNet does not require any preprocessing. Our main goal is to provide a permutation invariant architecture specially designed for pointclouds data of any size. Experiments with well-known benchmarks show that R-CovNet can achieve an accuracy of 92.7%, thus outperforming all the volumetric methods.
A Precarious Confluence: Neoliberalism, Race, and Water Insecurity

Three very different field sites—First Nations communities in Canada, water charities in the Global South, and the US cities of Flint and Detroit, Michigan—point to the increasing precariousness of water access for historically marginalized groups, including Indigenous peoples, African Americans, and people of color around the globe. This multi-sited ethnography underscores a common theme: power and racism lie deep in the core of today’s global water crisis. These cases reveal the concrete mechanisms, strategies, and interconnections that are galvanized by the economic, political, and racial projects of neoliberalism. In this sense neoliberalism is not only downsizing democracy but also creating both the material and ideological forces for a new form of discrimination in the provision of drinking water around the globe. These cases suggest that contemporary notions of environmental and social justice will largely hinge on how we come to think about water in the twenty-first century.
The transcriptional landscape of cortical interneurons underlies in-vivo brain function and schizophrenia risk

Inhibitory interneurons orchestrate information flow across cortex and are implicated in psychiatric illness. Although classes of interneurons have unique functional properties and spatial distributions throughout the brain, the relative influence of interneuron subtypes on brain function, cortical specialization, and illness risk remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate stereotyped organizational properties of somatostatin and parvalbumin related transcripts within human and non-human primates. Interneuron spatial distributions recapitulate cortico-striato-thalamic functional networks and track regional differences in functional MRI signal amplitude. In the general population (n=9,627), parvalbumin-linked genes account for an enriched proportion of genome-wide heritable variance in in-vivo functional MRI signal amplitude. This relationship is spatially dependent, following the topographic organization of parvalbumin expression in independent post-mortem brain tissue. Finally, genetic risk for schizophrenia is enriched among interneuron-linked genes and predictive of cortical signal amplitude in parvalbumin-biased regions. These data indicate that the molecular genetic basis of resting-state brain function across cortex is shaped by the spatial distribution of interneuron-related transcripts and underlies individual differences in risk for schizophrenia.
Pierre Duhem, a Hundred Years Later

Pierre Duhem, cent ans plus tard (1916 – 2016). Actes de la journee d’etude internationale tenue a Tunis le 10 mars 2016, suivis de l’edition francaise de l’Histoire de la physique (1911). [Pierre Duhem, a hundred years later (1916 - 2016). Proceedings of the International Study Day held in Tunis on March 10, 2016, followed by the French edition of the History of Physics (1911)]. Edited by Jean-Francois Stoffel, with the collaboration of Souad Ben Ali. Tunis: Universite de Tunis, 2017. 412 p. ISBN: 978-9973-06-968-9.
13 Data Management for the Bariatric Surgery Program

This chapter is dedicated to a discussion of database management for the bariatric surgery program. It begins with a review of the history of database management. Prior to the mid-2000s, there was very little centralized data collection from surgeons regarding their results and outcomes. The drive for quality improvement, greater surgical safety, and evaluation of specific surgical procedures has pushed the field toward collection of more data for assessment. The first national database used for center accreditation was started by the American College of Surgeons in 2005 and was known as the Bariatric Surgery Center Network (BSCN) bariatric surgery database. In 2007, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and the Surgical Review Corporation formed a separate and distinct accrediting agency and bariatric database known as BOLD (Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database). In 2012, these two entities were merged into what is now known as the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) in an effort to centralize data collection and accreditation. The major changes in data recording and requirements as well the improvements over previous systems are reviewed. Finally, there is a discussion of data points surgeons may wish to include if they wanted to design their own internal database.
Does expanded state scope of practice for nurse practitioners and physician assistants increase primary care utilization in community health centers

Background and purpose Expanding state scope of practice (SOP) for nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) can boost productivity and improve access to health care services. Existing analyses on regulatory policies in NP or PA SOP have primarily focused on the direct effects on their own professions but have not fully considered the potential cross-professional effects. This study examines the impact of expanded state SOP for NPs and PAs on primary care utilization by NP, PA, and primary care physician (PCP) in community health centers (CHCs). Methods We conducted a difference-in-differences approach using the Uniform Data System for 739 CHCs from 2009 to 2015. During our study period, 12 states liberalized NP SOP laws and 14 states changed their PA SOP regulations. The number of visits per full-time equivalent clinician (NP, PA, and PCP) per year was the outcome of interest and was linked to the degree of state SOP restriction for NPs and PAs in a given year. Conclusions Granting independent practice and prescriptive authority for NPs resulted in statistically significant increases in NP visits, and decreases in both PA and PCP visits, for those CHCs with a high proportion of NPs and PAs along with the increased provision of support staff. PA SOP liberalization had no statistically significant effect on PA visits. Implications for practice As the NP and PA workforce continues to grow, and as SOP laws continue to be liberalized, it is important to advance evidence on how to most efficiently deploy these staff.
Stereochemical effects on the mechanochemical scission of furan–maleimide Diels–Alder adducts

Clarifying the correlation between the chemical structure of mechanophores and their mechanical reactivity informs the design of mechanochemical systems. One specific correlation that has received much recent attention is that between stereoisomerism and mechanical reactivity. Here, we report previously unobserved differences in the mechanical reactivity of furan–maleimide Diels–Alder (DA) stereoisomers. We evaluated the internal competition between the mechanically triggered retro-DA reaction and the mechanochemical ring opening of gem-dichlorocyclopropane mechanophores in the pulsed sonication of polymer solutions. The relative extent of the two sonomechanochemical reactions in the same polymer shows that the endo DA isomer exhibits greater mechanical lability than its exo isomer. This result contrasts with recent measurements of the relative rates of scission in a similar system and points to potential enhanced sensitivity obtained through the use of internal competition as opposed to absolute rates in assessing mechanical reactivity in sonication studies.
The Seattle Spine Team Approach

Because of the difficulties faced when treating complex surgical conditions, we lay out the argument for a standardized and coordinated team to address potential issues throughout all phases of surgical care. At its essence, the purpose of the Seattle Spine Team Approach and other such protocols is to provide a framework for all providers that care for these patients which can identify areas of concern that might, if left untreated or unassessed, lead to complications or unintended outcomes that reduce the efficacy and safety of our interventions. It is clear that many surgeons have been able to create individualized systems that maintain a high degree of success with very low complication rates without the support of a large standardized team approach. Rather than rely on the ability of a particular surgeons to create such a system de novo in each specific hospital system, however, it may be more prudent to develop specific team-based pathways for surgical success that can be translated from institution to institution. If the positive effects of these team-based approaches can be demonstrated scientifically, then these results may serve as an impetus for a hospital or medical system to support the creation and maintenance of team pathways.
Tumour lysis syndrome in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with BCL-2 inhibitors: risk factors, prophylaxis, and treatment recommendations

Tumour lysis syndrome is a complication of chemotherapy for haematological malignancies; in particular, aggressive leukaemias and lymphomas. For haematological malignancies, targeted therapies, such as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have a high anti-tumour activity, are well tolerated, and have a low incidence of associated tumour lysis syndrome. The BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax has a high anti-tumour activity in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, achieving deep remissions by potently inducing apoptosis and increasing the risk for tumour lysis syndrome. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the pathophysiology, risk factors, monitoring, changes in laboratory parameters, and clinical manifestations of tumour lysis syndrome, and the prophylaxis and treatments available for this complication. Prophylaxis and treatment strategies have been implemented as standard of care in patients receiving venetoclax to minimise the risk of both laboratory and clinical manifestations of tumour lysis syndrome.
Microscopic analysis of copper current collectors and mechanisms of fragmentation under compressive forces

Abstract Extensive fragmentation of copper current collectors was observed after spherical indentation on prismatic and large-format pouch Li-ion cells by 3D X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Microscopic analysis including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and x-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) was carried out on copper current collectors from used commercial cells and pristine anodes. The copper-graphite cross-section images showed rough interface areas affected by reactions and diffusion in the used cell. Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) element mapping showed the interface area was rich in oxygen and phosphorus. A detectable amount of phosphorus was also uniformly distributed inside the current collector. The same oxygen and phosphorus distributions were confirmed by STEM/EDS analysis. XPS depth profiles on multiple elements revealed the interface area of the aged anode was rich in Li, F, P, O and C and diffused at least 50 nm into the copper. In comparison, the pristine anode showed a very smooth C/Cu interface. No other elements were detected. For commercial cells, the reactions in the interface area and diffusion of multiple elements into the lattice and grain boundaries were responsible for the embrittlement of the copper current collectors. Permanent cell capacity loss was observed in electrochemical performance of the indented cells.
Non-monotonic flame response behaviors in harmonically forced flames

Abstract This paper describes an investigation into the nonlinear response of flames to harmonic forcing. The amplitude dependent response of the heat release to imposed forcing plays a key role in determining conditions where self-excited oscillations occur, and their amplitudes. This paper particularly focuses on the flame response amplitude. Several prior results, both experimental and theoretical have noted the saturating character of the flame response as the disturbance amplitude increases. In addition, some experiments have also shown more complex amplitude dependencies, including inflection points and even non-monotonic response behaviors. In the latter case, the flame response decreases with increasing disturbance amplitude over a range of amplitudes. This paper analyzes the conditions under which such non-monotonic behavior occurs. By expanding the unsteady heat release response in an expansion of the form, Q ( t ) = Q 0 + ϵ Q 1 ( t ) + ϵ 2 Q 2 ( t ) + ϵ 3 Q 3 ( t ) + O ( ϵ 4 ) , we show that non-monotonic behavior occurs when the phase between the O(ϵ3) term and the linear term fall in a certain band. The model is then applied to representative measured data from the literature where non-monotonic behavior is observed, to extract the different flame response contributions. Finally, results are presented from nonlinear premixed flame calculations to explicitly show the parameter regions where such behavior occurs.
Identifying meteorological drivers of PM2.5 levels via a Bayesian spatial quantile regression

Recently, due to accelerations in urban and industrial development, the health impact of air pollution has become a topic of key concern. Of the various forms of air pollution, fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5; particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) appears to pose the greatest risk to human health. While even moderate levels of PM2.5 can be detrimental to health, spikes in PM2.5 to atypically high levels are even more dangerous. These spikes are believed to be associated with regionally specific meteorological factors. To quantify these associations, we develop a Bayesian spatiotemporal quantile regression model to estimate the spatially varying effects of meteorological variables purported to be related to PM2.5 levels. By adopting a quantile regression model, we are able to examine the entire distribution of PM2.5 levels; for example, we are able to identify which meteorological drivers are related to abnormally high PM2.5 levels. Our approach uses penalized splines to model the spatially varying meteorological effects and to account for spatiotemporal dependence. The performance of the methodology is evaluated through extensive numerical studies. We apply our modeling techniques to 5 years of daily PM2.5 data collected throughout the eastern United States to reveal the effects of various meteorological drivers.
Deep reinforcement learning with a particle dynamics environment applied to emergency evacuation of a room with obstacles

Abstract Efficient emergency evacuation is crucial for survival. A very successful model for simulating emergency evacuation is the social-force model. At the heart of the model is the self-driven force that is applied to an agent and is directed towards the exit. However, it is not clear if the application of this force results in optimal evacuation, especially in complex environments with obstacles. In this paper, we develop a deep reinforcement learning algorithm in association with the social force model to train agents to find the fastest evacuation path. During training, we penalize every step of an agent in the room and give zero reward at the exit. We adopt the Dyna-Q learning approach, which incorporates both the model-free Q-learning algorithm and the model-based reinforcement learning method, to update a deep neural network used to approximate the action value functions. We first show that in the case of a room without obstacles the resulting self-driven force points directly towards the exit as in the social force model. To quantitatively validate our method, we compare the total time elapsed when agents escape a room with one door and without obstacles employing the Dyna-Q model with the result obtained using the social-force model. We find that the median exit time intervals calculated using the two methods are not significantly different. We confirm that the proposed method obtains trajectories that minimize the travel time by comparing our results to results generated by geodesics-based adaptive pedestrian dynamics. Then, we investigate evacuation of a room with one obstacle and one exit. We show that our method produces similar results with the social force model when the obstacle is convex. However, in the case of concave obstacles, which sometimes can act as traps for agents governed purely by the social force model and prohibit complete room evacuation, our approach is clearly advantageous since it derives a policy that results in object avoidance and complete room evacuation without additional assumptions. We also study evacuation of a room with multiple exits. We show that agents are able to evacuate efficiently from the nearest exit through a shared network trained for a single agent. Finally, we test the robustness of the Dyna-Q learning approach in a complex environment with multiple exits and obstacles. Overall, we show that our model, based on the Dyna-Q reinforcement learning approach, can efficiently handle modeling of emergency evacuation in complex environments with multiple room exits and obstacles where it is difficult to obtain an intuitive rule for fast evacuation.
Praise song for Oceania: for World Oceans Day, June 8th

∼praiseyour capacityfor birth your fluidcurrents and trenchantdarkness praiseyour contracting wavesand dilating horizonspraise our brinybeginning, the sourceof every breath praiseyour endless bio-d...
Operator Analogues of Locally Convex Spaces

Local operator spaces are defined to be projective limits of operator spaces. These limits arise when one considers linear spaces of unbounded operators, and they may be regarded as the “quantized” or “operator” analogues of locally convex spaces. It is shown that for nuclear spaces, the maximal and minimal quantizations coincide. Thus in a striking contrast to normed spaces, a nuclear space has precisely one quantization. Furthermore, it is shown that a local operator space is nuclear in the operator sense if and only if its underlying locally convex space is nuclear. Operator versions of bornology and duality are also considered.
The Mesozoic Passive Margin of Northern South America

A paleogeographic model is presented for the Mesozoic geological history of northern South America from Colombia to Trinidad, concentrating on the tectonic controls on sedimentation and on the origin of allochthonous terranes and the time at which they were obducted onto the autochthonous margin of northern South America. The effects of latest Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic deformation and terrane accretion are assessed and accordingly removed to produce a more accurate palinspastic Cretaceous geometry of autochthonous portions of northern South America. By means of continental reconstruction of this geometry with Yucatan, the Bahamas, and southern North America, the Jurassic rifting history of northern South America is outlined. It is seen that an as-yet unknown Jurassic marine shelf section probably exists beneath northern Maturin Basin/Serrania del Interior/Trinidad which is correlative and probably similar to the western Cuban Jurassic stratigraphie section (initial conjugate rift margin). From the Jurassic rift configuration, the Cretaceous, stratigraphie development of the northern South American passive margin is outlined in a framework of accurate relative plate motions, and models are presented for the creation, history, and origins of the allochthonous terranes in the light of Caribbean Plate migration history. Northeastern Venezuela’s passive margin sedimentary section is analysed and reveals a stable, two-phase history of shallow marine, mixed siliciclastic and carbonate accumulation in the Early Cretaceous and dominantly pelagic limestone and shale deposition in the Late Cretaceous; this stable history reflects the continuation of passive margin conditions through the Cretaceous, in contrast to the tectonically active western part of the margin in Late Cretaceous time. Finally, a brief description of Cenozoic Caribbean-South American plate interaction shows how and when the allochthons were finally emplaced upon the margin of Venezuela and Trinidad.
Anxiety symptoms in rural Mexican adolescents: a social-ecological analysis.

Background We investigated the contributions of individual, family, and community-level factors for explaining anxiety symptoms among rural adolescents in Mexico.
Parameter Estimation and Pole-Placement Control of Time-Varying Plants

In this paper we consider the pole placement and adaptive pole placement control problem of linear time-varying plants with smooth parameters. First, we propose a new controller structure that guarantees the closed loop stability and meets the control objective exactly independent of the speed of variation of the plant parameters. We then design an adaptive estimator that can use any available a priori knowledge about the structure of the plant parameter variations to improve the quality of the parameter estimates. Finally, employing the certainty equivalence principle, we develop an indirect adaptive pole placement scheme for time-varying plants that guarantees the closed-loop stability, provided that only the variation of the unstructured (unknown) part of the parameters is slow, while the overall plant may be fast time-varying.
Hypernatremic dehydration resulting from inadequate breast-feeding.

Scientific evidence accumulated over the years confirms that breast milk has many advantages over formula feeding.1.2 The difficulty of monitoring an infant9s intake from breast-feeding may occasionally lead to problems in the rare baby in whom inadequate intake of food and fluids is not apparent. In the present case, a 2-week-old infant developed severe hypernatremic dehydration. Hypernatremia has not been reported previously in a totally breast-fed infant. CASE REPORT A 3,860-gm white female infant was born to a 28-year-old primigravida mother at 40 weeks9 gestation after an uncomplicated prenatal course. The amniotic fluid was meconium stained, and cardiac decelerations were noted during oxytocm induction.
Heroin addiction during pregnancy

Abstract Increased heroin use by young people has resulted in a larger number of pregnant addicts. Maintenance on the smallest daily dose of methadone hydrochloride which would prevent withdrawal symptoms has been studied in 150 pregnant addicts. Although evidence of withdrawal was observed in 72 of 90 infants, only 23 required treatment. Failure of some patients to adhere to the prescribed regimen was apparent early in the program. Increased efforts to provide psychologic and sociologic support have improved patient response.
Morphology and nucleic acid composition of the Azotobacter bacteriophages.

Long-tailed azotophages of two different serological groups have deoxyribonucleic acid species whose densities correspond to a molar percentage of guanine plus cytosine of 52 to 53. Similar measurements on the short-tailed phages gave values of 56 to 57 moles percent. The azotophages include representatives of the three morphological types classified by Bradley as groups A, B, and C. Images
Energy Efficiency Improvements in Buildings: An Environmentally Friendly Approach For Managing Electric Demand

Demand-side management through the promotion of energy efficient technology can have a profound impact on the growth of the electric utility industry over the next 20 years. The greatest effects can be achieved in the residential and commercial buildings markets, which represent two-thirds of all electricity consumed in the U.S. In this article, the major end uses of electricity in buildings are quantified and energy efficient technologies for each are reviewed. The historical impact and cost-effectiveness of government and utility efficiency programs is discussed. The capability of continued energy efficiency gains to slow the growth of demand for and consumption of electricity is projected.
A Lightweight Content Replication Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Environments

The mobile, wireless, and self-organizing features of ad hoc networks pose many challenges with respect to continuous availability and accessibility of data. In such a dynamic environment, there are many advantages in replicating a data item so there are multiple copies, including reduced response times and higher data availability Also, if done efficiently, replication can help reduce energy usage. In this paper, we propose the Expanding Ring replication strategy for pull-based information dissemination environments. One of our primary objectives is the development of a lightweight scheme for mobile nodes. We evaluate the performance of our scheme with respect to a number of parameters and compare it to a system without replication. Our results show a reduction in the average response times and the message processing overhead on nodes. The scheme also does well when both, the overall willingness of nodes to cache data and their individual caching capabilities vary
Dynamic stability of liquid—liquid dispersions containing polymeric suspension stabilizers

Abstract In this paper we present an experimental study on the dynamic stability of suspended oil droplets such as those found in suspension polymerization processes. The system used in the present study was a mixture of ethylbenzene and 1,2-dichloroethane as a substitute for vinyl chloride monomer. The suspending agents included hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol and their blends. We have measured the interfacial tension and the dynamic interfacial properties, such as shear viscosity and shear modulus or ridigity at the oil-water interfaces containing suspending agents in order to examine their effects on the droplet dynamic stability. It is concluded that the dynamic interfacial properties, and not the equilibrium interfacial tension, are the controlling parameters in droplet dynamic stability.
Determination of the fluorescence properties of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the vapor phase and adsorbed on solid supports by laser-induced molecular fluorescence

Abstract The fluorescence properties (lifetimes and spectra) of anthracene and fluoranthene were found to be independent of temperature in the ranges 80–110°C and 60–95°C, respectively, in vacuum and in helium, nitrogen, and air atmospheres. The fluorescence lifetimes and spectra were also measured for these two compounds individually adsorbed on silica, alumina, magnetite, or hematite. In all cases, the emission profiles for the adsorbed aromatic hydrocarbon were red-shifted with respect to the gas-phase spectra. The fluorescence lifetimes for both anthracene and fluoranthene increased for the different supports in the order alumina
Reduced brain inositol in lithium-treated rats.

LITHIUM has been shown to affect the transport of carbohydrates across various membranes1–3. We report here the results of experiments that suggest an effect of lithium on the uptake or retention of myo-inositol by brain.
Optimal trajectory generation under homology class constraints

There are many applications where topology constraints are useful in trajectory generation for mobile robots. In this paper we present a method to generate an optimal trajectory restricted to a particular homology class. The optimality is achieved by formulating the trajectory generation problem as a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP). We introduce binary variables that not only encode information about the satisfaction of geometric constraints, but also incorporate information about the homology class. We define the h-signature, a complete homology class invariant, as a quadratic function of the binary variables, which we subsequently convert to a linear function by variable substitutions. As a result, the suggested trajectory generation problem under homology class constraints can still be formulated as a MIQP, which can be solved by an anytime solver like CPLEX. We illustrate the method with examples of minimum acceleration trajectory generation under different homology class constraints with potential application to differentially-flat systems with a two-dimensional flat output space.
Histamine (H2) receptor-adenylate cyclase system in pig skin (epidermis)

Histamine activated adenylate cyclase in pig skin (epidermal) slices, resulting in the accumulation of cyclic AMP. This effect was highly potentiated by the addition of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, papaverine). A specific H2 receptor inhibitor (metiamide) inhibited the effect of histamine completely, while other antihistamines (diphenhydramine, acetophenazine, perphenazine, fluphenazine, promethazine) inhibited the effect of histamine to various lesser degrees. It has been shown that both epinephrine and prostaglandin E stimulate epidermal adenylate cyclase. Our data using specific blocking agents indicate that histamine, epinephrine and prostaglandin E2 act independently on the epidermal adenylate cyclase system.
Civil Oratory in Cervantes's La Numancia

An analysis of several important discourses in Cervantes's La Numancia demonstrates the playwright's detailed knowledge of the art of rhetoric in the classical tradition. Cervantes employs rhetoric to characterize his fictional creations in the play, especially Scipio, the Roman commander, and the Numantine women. Further, by allowing the Numantine women a voice in the town's deliberations, Cervantes signals the possibility and potential of rhetoric as a means of civic discourse in his own time.
DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION IN PARABOLIC STOCHASTIC EQUATIONS

Abstract The Parisi-Wu stochastic method of quantization is proved to be equivalent to the usual path integral one even beyond perturbation theory. The proof relies on a supersymmetric-dimensional-reduction argument similar to the one recently used by Cardy for elliptic stochastic equations.
Missing Links: The Use of Enthymemes and Their Applications for Family Therapists†

The enthymeme is a rhetorical concept that has been defined in a number of ways throughout the ages. A review of these definitions creates space for a broad enthymematic concept based on the various descriptions, rather than on a limiting, “definitive” definition. A number of examples are offered — from the work of Milton Erickson on hypnosis and from nonhypnotic therapy sessions — that demonstrate the presence and usefulness of enthymemes in family therapy dialogue.
The microbursts of 22 June 1982 in JAWS

The development of several large thunderstorms that occurred on June 22, 1982 within the Joint Airport Weather Studies (JAWS) network near Denver, Colorado is examined together with that of six microbursts and one microburst line produced by the storms. From the analysis of single and multiple Doppler radar and surface network data, it is concluded that the microbursts on June 22 were predominantly driven by microphysical and related thermodynamic effects due to precipitation loading and water-phase change; dynamic effects did not appear to be of primary importance. Surface network observations permitted identification of some of the microbursts, but early detection was not possible.
Outcomes analysis of an alternative formulation of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma during the drug shortage era

Background In response to the critical shortage of Doxil®, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allowed temporary importation of non-FDA-approved second-generation liposomal doxorubicin, Lipo-Dox®. Lipo-Dox utilizes a different liposomal particle than Doxil and demonstrates different pharmacokinetic properties. Its use has never been evaluated in a North American population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Lipo-Dox at Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated during the Doxil shortage.
Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan migration streams: 1935–1980

Results based on an analysis of migration streams involving the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan sectors and covering a longer time interval than previously possible indicate that efforts to describe changes in the volume of movements connecting these sectors could benefit from greater attention to other related streams as well as existing patterns of population concentration. The metropolitanization process continues but is now being affected substantially by regional redistribution trends. Regional differentials in the size of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan migration streams are declining but are still substantial, so an equilibrium balance between the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan sectors will probably not occur in the immediate future.
By Which Method?: Total Quality Management, Reengineering, or Deengineering

ABSTRACTAs evidenced by media headlines and scholarly discussions alike, the continuing interest in total quality management and reengineering prompts the question, “By which method should engineering management applications be guided?” That is, which method is most consistent with the theory base, principles, methods, and problems of engineering management? Also, where does “deengineering” or “quantum management,” the newest organizational change craze, fit in the management puzzle? Presented in this article is a succinct evaluation of the key differences and similarities among these three approaches to improving organizational processes as prescribed by three principal teachers: Deming, Hammer, and Wheatley.
Prediction of pressure drops in forced convection subcooled boiling water flows

A semi-empirical model is described for the prediction of the pressure drop in subcooled convective boiling of water flows in tubes subject to uniform high heat fluxes. The flow in the single-phaseliquid (SPL) regime, the partially-developed boiling (PDB) regime and the fully-developed boiling (FDB) regime is modeled including the effects of nonequilibrium quality and void fraction and property variations along the tube. Improved models for the PDB and FDB regimes and extensive comparisons with experimental data are described. Pressure drop predictions of the model are compared with over 100 experimental runs and found to agree within approximately ± 20%.
Concentration dependent aggregation properties of chlorhexidine salts

Abstract Purpose Chlorhexidine (CHX), a chemical antiseptic, is known to bind to dentin and has been shown to be effective in treating bacterial infections caused by microbes. The solubility and aggregation properties of CHX salts were determined to guide the development of a sustained release formulation for long-term disinfection. Methods The amount of CHX in solution was determined as a function of counterion concentration (chloride, acetate (Ac) or gluconate (G)) by UV spectrophotometry at 255 nm. The weight average molecular weight was determined from the angular dependence of the scattered light. Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the dependence of the peak intensity and chemical shift on solution concentration and diffusion measurements were performed by Fourier-transform pulsed-field gradient spin-echo (PFG-SE) 1 H NMR. Results The observed CHX concentration was highly dependent on the type and concentration of salt present in solution with the greatest CHX concentration achieved with gluconate, moderate to low with diacetate, and very low with dichloride solutions. Addition of sodium gluconate enhanced the amount of CHX-Ac 2 in solution; however, only low concentrations of chlorhexidine can be achieved in the presence of chloride ions. For solutions of CHX-G 2 , the aggregate number appeared to range from a dimer at 40 mM to perhaps a pentamer at 150 mM. In contrast, no aggregation of CHX-Cl 2 or CHX-Ac 2 was detected, which was corroborated by diffusion NMR results. The change in chemical shift of protons is consistent with association of the phenyl group of one CHX with the hexamethylene chain of a second CHX. Based on the analysis of NMR peak intensities of CHX, gluconate, and acetate in saturated solutions, it appears that solubilization of the diacetate species occurs within digluconate aggregates, since the solubility product of chlorhexidine diacetate is such that the concentration of CHX will exceed the critical micelle concentration (CMC). However, no solubilization of CHX-Cl 2 occurs because the solubility product falls below the CMC. Conclusions The low concentration of CHX that can be achieved in physiological concentrations of chloride in the oral cavity may be problematic for dental and slow release formulations. Achieving a high concentration of CHX appears to require that the monomer be present at a concentration greater than that required to produce self-association.
Donor-doped Gd2Ti2O7 as a semiconductor-type oxygen sensor

Abstract The results of electrical conductivity measurements of Gd2(Ti1−xNbx)2O7+δ show that at x=0.005, background acceptors become compensated and the conductivity follows a clear PO2−1/6 dependence over broad PO2 and T limits. The restriction this places on background acceptors is analyzed. While conductivity transients measured in response to periodic PO2 variations are rapid, they correspond to surface reactions that are superimposed on longer-term diffusion-controlled transients. The source of more complex PO2 dependencies of conductivity for other values of x is also discussed.
Does measurement noise increase as a phase transition is approached

We study the energy and magnetization noise spectra associated with first and second order phase transitions by using Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model and 5-state Potts model in 2D. For a finite size system, the total noise power and the low frequency white noise S ( f f knee ) increase as T c is approached. In the thermodynamic limit S ( f f knee ) diverges but f knee → 0 and the total noise power vanishes. f -1 knee is approximately the equilibration time. At high frequencies S ( f > f knee ) ~ f -μ . For the Ising model, we relate μ to the critical exponents.