cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prazosin, an α-1 Adrenergic Antagonist, Reduces Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Drug-Seeking

Background Norepinephrine is implicated in cocaine’s behavioral effects. In this study, we tested the effect of prazosin, an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, on cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Methods Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine intravenously under a fixed-ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. After behavior was established, cocaine was replaced with saline and behavior extinguished. The ability of cocaine (0, 5–20 mg/kg) alone or combined with prazosin (.3 mg/kg) to reinstate lever press responding was tested. The effects of prazosin on lever press responding for food was examined in another set of rats. Results Cocaine induced a dose-dependent reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior that was significantly attenuated by prazosin. This dose of prazosin did not alter lever press response rates for food. Conclusions The attenuation in drug-induced reinstatement is likely not due to prazosin-induced suppression of activity. These results suggest α1-adrenergic mechanisms contribute to reinstatement in rats and perhaps, to relapse in addicts.
The review section

Women’s Studies Serials: A Quarter Century of Development. Edited by Kristin H. Gerhard. New York: Haworth Press, 1998. 263 pp. (price not reported), hardcover. ISBN 0789005417This collection of pa...
A full-implicit-continuous-Eulerian (FICE) scheme for multidimensional transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows

A full implicit continuous Eulerian (FICE) scheme is developed for solving multidimensional transient MHD flow problems. The physical system under consideration is a general case of a transient MHD flow in which an initial steady state is subject to a finite amplitude disturbance. The governing equations are described, their finite difference formulation is presented and the FICE algorithm is given. The boundary conditions are treated by classifying them into physical and computational ones. The usefulness of the FICE algorithm is demonstrated using a physical example concerning the dynamical response of the static solar atmosphere due to a representative photospheric disturbance.
Micro- and nano-electro mechanical (MEMS and NEMS)-based technologies for implanted biomedical devices

The next generation of implantable biomedical devices based on micro- and nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) technology is presented for diagnostics and treatment of chronic and non-chronic illnesses. These passive and active implantable devices allow for early diagnostics as well as timely and precisely controlled therapeutic drug delivery. The implantable devices are also applicable to a number of medical applications, including the next generation of early cancer diagnostics and treatments.
Association of age at depression onset with cognitive functioning in individuals with late-life depression and executive dysfunction.

Objective To compare patterns of cognitive performance in older adults with late-onset depression (LOD; ≥65 years of age) with that of older adults with early-onset depression (EOD; Methods Participants were 171 adults aged 60 years or older with major depression and executive dysfunction who were participating in a randomized psychotherapy trial. Participants included 72 LOD and 99 EOD individuals. Cognitive performance on measures of verbal learning, memory, and executive functioning were evaluated. Demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of cerebrovascular risk factors, and disability ratings were also compared between groups. Results The LOD group was older and had fewer previous episodes of depression and lower severity of depression compared with EOD participants. The LOD group demonstrated poorer performance on measures of verbal learning (F(1,161) = 4.28, p = 0.04) and memory (F(1,160) = 4.65, p = 0.03) than the EOD group. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that LOD and fewer years of education were significant predictors of poorer verbal learning (F(7,114) = 6.25, p Conclusion In older adults with depression and executive dysfunction, LOD was associated with poorer performance on measures of verbal learning and memory. Aging-related brain changes associated with LOD may play a more important role, leading to dysfunction in these cognitive domains than a history of recurrent depressive episodes in older adults with a dysexecutive syndrome.
Rare LRP6 Variants Identified in Spina Bifida Patients

Several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6) cause neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice. We therefore examined LRP6 in 192 unrelated infants from California with the NTD, spina bifida, and found four heterozygous missense SNVs, three of which were predicted to be deleterious, among NTD cases and not in 190 ethnically matched nonmalformed controls. Parents and siblings could not be tested because of the study design. Like Crooked tail and Ringleschwanz mouse variants, the p.Tyr544Cys Lrp6 protein failed to bind the chaperone protein mesoderm development and impaired Lrp6 subcellular localization to the plasma membrane of MDCK II cells. Only the p.Tyr544Cys Lrp6 variant downregulated canonical Wnt signaling in a TopFlash luciferase reporter in vitro assay. In contrast, three Lrp6 mutants (p.Ala3Val, p.Tyr544Cys, and p.Arg1574Leu) increased noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in an Ap1-luciferase assay. Thus, LRP6 variants outside of YWTD repeats could potentially predispose embryos to NTDs, whereas Lrp6 modulation of Wnt/PCP signaling would be more essential than its canonical pathway role in neural tube closure.
Drug treatment trials in hypertension: A review☆

Abstract Thirteen controlled clinical trials (11 randomized) reporting morbidity and mortality results during 1960–1982 are summarized. Given the diverse design features, results are presented both for individual trials and for several combinations of similar studies, to provide more stable estimates of effects. Two of three trials in severe hypertension, while lacking enough events to evaluate effect on mortality, found significant reductions in “hypertensive” events, with the overall estimate being an 80% reduction. Similarly, combining six trials in less severe hypertension with untreated controls showed a 54% reduction in such events. The favorable trend in all-causes mortality from these trial results, whether viewed separately or in combination, was not significant. However, the findings from a large randomized trial with community controls, the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, indicated significant reduction of all-causes mortality, the magnitude of which was consistent with the other trials. Outcomes of hypertensive participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial raised questions about mortality benefits in certain subgroups. These and other issues about patient benefit are further addressed with trial data and reference to the 1984 Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. We note also 1) that evidence for reduction of coronary heart disease death or nonfatal myocardial infarction with antihypertensive drug treatment is weak, perhaps due to inadequate power to detect such a difference, and 2) that data are limited regarding effects on quality of life. Nevertheless, the overall trial results provide strong support for drug treatment of severe hypertension, and for most individuals with less severe hypertension, when nonpharmacologic treatment will not suffice.
Comparative sequence analysis of Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene (prn) repeat region variants in swine vaccines and field isolates

Abstract The product of the Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene, prn , has been implicated as an adhesin and a protective immunogen in swine. Recent studies demonstrate prn sequence heterogeneity in swine isolates and vaccine strains within and surrounding the region 1 amino acid repeat GGXXP n and the region 2 amino acid repeat PQP n . However, only a few isolates have been evaluated. Allelic variation between vaccine strains and field isolates may affect vaccine efficacy, since region 2 is known to encode an immunodominant protective epitope. In the present study, the DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the pertactin repeat regions from a collection of 81 recent swine field isolates and 5 vaccine strains from the United States were determined. Two region 1 variants and four region 2 variants, one of which has not been previously reported, were identified, comprising four pertactin types. Four vaccines are derived from strains with a region 1 variant identical to that found in the majority of field isolates. However, only two vaccines possess the most commonly identified sequence in region 2, while two others contain a variant found in only one other swine isolate. Ribotype analysis demonstrated that although vaccines containing the novel region 2 variant fall within the same major cluster as other common swine ribotypes, they are less closely related. No relationship was observed between pertactin type and ribotype.
Theological Higher Education in Cuba: Part 3--The Cuban Revolution.

This article provides a summary of the Cuban Revolution and its implications and consequences for Christian higher education in Cuba. Christian institutions experienced the same oppression from the communist revolution as the rest of the evangelical denominations during the sixties and seventies. The worst period for Protestantism began in 1965 when many important people were recruited to work at the Military Units to Aid Production (UMAP). Fidel Castro recognized in 1991 that the Cuban Communist Party erroneously made atheism its religion. Although the Cuban communist regime never issued an antireligious policy, in subtle ways Christians suffered the consequences of the religious ideological conflict. Nevertheless, today Christian institutions operate independently and without the direction of the Cuban government. Communism and Christianity have learned to live together in Cuba even though they started with difficulties. Theological education in Cuba not only survived the negative effects of the Cuban r...
Posttraumatic vasospasm detected by continuous brain tissue oxygen monitoring: treatment with intraarterial verapamil and balloon angioplasty.

Introduction Posttraumatic vasospasm (PTV) is a relatively common event following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that has been strongly correlated with worse neurological outcome in many studies. However, vasospasm continues to be an under-recognized source of secondary injury following TBI, and currently published guidelines do not address screening or management strategies for PTV. Brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) monitoring probes allow for continuous screening for cerebral hypoxia following TBI, but their use as a monitor for PTV has not been previously described.
Entity-based aspect graphs: making viewer centered representations more efficient

Abstract The aspect graph, a graphical representation of an object's characteristic views has been widely developed by several researchers. However, researchers have stated that aspect graphs are limited due to their high complexity and computational cost. A simple non-convex object, such as a step, has 71 distinct characteristic views (nodes in the aspect graph); more complicated objects could have thousands of characteristic views (nodes). Many characteristic views of an aspect graph are not necessary for many applications. In this paper, a new entity-based aspect graph, EAG, is proposed based on the observation that, for most applications, the visibility of only some of the entities on the object is important. The objects of interest are polyhedral solids. We present algorithms for constructing new entity-based aspect graphs based on the faces, edges and vertices of the object, and for combining and contracting previously constructed EAGs in a database to generate EAGs for new objects. The computation time for construction is reduced, yet sufficient information is provided to the application.
The impact of temporal framing of competitive actions on rivals’ responses

Building on temporal construal and framing theories, we theorize and test how a focal firm’s framing of the future temporal distance (short versus long time horizon) of its competitive actions infl...
Sinkhole intrusion in mobile ad hoc networks: The problem and some detection indicators

We analyze the ''sinkhole'' problem in the context of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol for wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The sinkhole effect is caused by attempts to draw all network traffic to malicious nodes that broadcast fake shortest path routing information. Two reliable indicators of sinkhole intrusion are proposed and analyzed. We will study how these sinkholes may be detected and term such as sinkhole intrusion detection. One indicator is based on the sequence number in the routing message and the other one is related to the proportion of the routes that travel to a suspected node. Threshold values that imply possible sinkhole intrusion are derived for these two indicators. The simulation results show that the indicators are consistent and reliable for detecting sinkhole intrusion.
Lateral asymmetry in intensity of emotional expression

Abstract Subjects rated the intensity of emotional expressiveness of left side, right side and original orientation composite human faces, expressing seven distinct emotions. Left side composites were judged to be more emotionally intense than right side composites. The finding points to hemispheric asymmetry in the control of emotional expression and has implications for the role of emotional expression in communication.
Measurement of reinforcement in depression: A pilot study

We tested whether performance on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement with increasing magnitudes of monetary reward could be used as a behavioral measure of response to reinforcement during depression. Performance on the task was recorded before, during and after treatment of depression in six melancholic patients. The amount of money earned and the number of responses to obtain money during the task increased in the three subjects who improved with treatment but did not increase in three subjects who did not improve. In addition, the degree to which responses increased with increasing monetary reward became greater in two of the three subjects who improved but in none of the subjects who did not improve. Methodological liabilities (e.g., the small sample size and absence of a control group) may limit the validity of our findings. Our results do suggest performance of the task may be an objective measure of response to reinforcement that could be used in both basic and clinical research on depression.
Osmium(IV) complexes TpOs(X)Cl2 and their Os(III) counterparts: oxidizing compounds with an unusual resistance to ligand substitution

TpOsIV(X)Cl2 complexes (Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate) are formed upon treatment of TpOs(NPPh3)Cl2 with the protic acids HX: triflic acid (HOTf), HCl, HBr, CF3COOH, and CH3COOH. The reaction with acetic acid is slow but is catalyzed by HOTf. The triflate ligand in TpOs(OTf)Cl2 (1) is remarkably inert and does not undergo simple substitution reactions. For instance, no reaction is observed between 1 and anhydrous Cl− salts, but conversion to TpOsCl3 occurs upon addition of small amounts of H2O or HCl. Substitution appears to be catalyzed by protic reagents. Treatment of 1 with PPh3 or pyridine (py) yields the substituted osmium(III) complexes TpOs(L)Cl2 (L = PPh3, py). A more general route to Os(III) complexes involves reduction of 1 by decamethylferrocene (Cp*2Fe) to give [Cp*2Fe][TpOs(OTf)Cl2], which undergoes substitution at 65 °C forming the Os(III) complexes TpOs(L)Cl2 (L = MeCN, C6H5CN, PPh3, py, imidazole, and NH3) in 70–90% yields. Oxidation of the neutral Os(III) complexes with [NO]BF4 in CH2Cl2 affords Os(IV) salts of the formula [TpOs(L)Cl2]BF4 in near quantitative yields. This indirect synthetic approach yields osmium(IV) complexes that are not accessible by direct substitution. The Os(IV) complexes are strong oxidants, with E1/2 values from +0.00 to +0.70 V in MeCN vs. Cp2Fe+/0. The inertness of the triflate ligand in 1, and the acetonitrile ligand in [TpOs(NCMe)Cl2]BF4, appear to be in part a consequence of the electrophilic character of the Os(IV) center.
On the theory of core-mantle coupling

This article commences by surveying the basic dynamics of Earth's core and their impact on various mechanisms of core-mantle coupling. The physics governing core convection and magnetic field production in the Earth is briefly reviewed. Convection is taken to be a small perturbation from a hydrostatic, “adiabatic reference state” of uniform composition and specific entropy, in which thermodynamic variables depend only on the gravitational potential. The four principal processes coupling the rotation of the mantle to the rotations of the inner and outer cores are analyzed: viscosity, topography, gravity and magnetic field. The gravitational potential of density anomalies in the mantle and inner core creates density differences in the fluid core that greatly exceed those associated with convection. The implications of the resulting “adiabatic torques” on topographic and gravitational coupling are considered. A new approach to the gravitational interaction between the inner core and the mantle, and the assoc...
Model study on the mode of action of muzigadial antifeedant

Abstract A model study of the reaction of muzigadial antifeedant with L -cysteine methyl ester indicates that muzigadial probably interacts with an insect chemoreceptive site via pyrrole formation with an NH2 group rather than Michael-addition with a SH group.
Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole

Gestational trophoblastic disease includes hydatidiform mole (complete and partial) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor). The epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of each of these trophoblastic disease variants are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to management of hydatidiform mole, including evacuation, twin mole/normal fetus pregnancy, prophylactic chemotherapy, and follow-up.
Viscoelastic and thermal properties of full and partially cured DGEBA epoxy resin composites modified with montmorillonite nanoclay exposed to UV radiation

Abstract Effects of UV radiation and associated elevated temperature on properties of polymeric composites have been well documented, limiting the scope of their usage in outdoor applications. In order to improve on this limitation, current study focused on incorporating nanoparticles into epoxy polymer composites and delay onset of deleterious effects of UV radiation by partially curing these samples. Samples were fabricated and cured to 80% conversion (partially cured) based on isothermal cure kinetic studies. Influence of 1, 2 and 3 wt. % loading of montmorillonite nanoclay on the cure behavior and development of physical properties of these composites were evaluated. Results of the study revealed that for optimization of modified epoxy composite properties a different curing cycle was necessary due to interaction of different amounts of nanoclay and epoxy molecules. Fabricated samples infused with 1, 2 and 3 wt. % montmorillonite nanoclay were exposed to 2500 h of continuous UV radiation, where effects of UV radiation on viscoelastic and thermal properties were evaluated and compared with identical set of fabricated samples using manufacturers' recommended cycle (fully cured). Addition of nanoclay increased the viscoelastic properties, and at the end of the study, storage modulus and activation energy of decomposition of partially cured samples evolved over exposure time, while fully cured samples degraded over the same period. Samples cured to 80% showed delayed UV radiation degradation effects.
Renormalization group approach for electronic excitations in atoms

Abstract We present a finite size numerical renormalization group approach to obtain low-lying electronic excitations in atoms and molecules. Results show that the method is reasonably accurate for estimating the electronic excitations for carbon and silicon atoms. The method is general and has potential applicability for molecular systems.
Effectiveness of on-die decoupling capacitance in improving chip performance

The paper discusses results of dynamic timing analysis of on-die data and clock synchronization in the presence of power supply noise and shows that chip Fmax performance is less sensitive to amount on-die decoupling capacitance Cdie than it has been conventionally expected. The reason is a positive effect of the clock distribution jitter that neutralizes a negative impact of elevated supply noise after Cdie reduction. The paper shows conditions under which maximum clock frequency Fmax can even increase when Cdie is reduced.
When does aggregation reduce risk aversion

We study the problem of risk sharing within a household or syndicate. A household shares risky prospects using a social welfare functional. We characterize the social welfare functionals such that the household is collectively less risk averse than each member, and satisfies the Pareto principle and an invariance axiom. We single out the sum of certainty equivalents as the unique member of this family which is quasiconcave over riskless allocations.
Strategy for Planning Accelerated Life Tests With Small Sample Sizes

Previous work on planning accelerated life tests has been based on large-sample approximations to evaluate test plan properties. In this paper, we use more accurate simulation methods to investigate the properties of accelerated life tests with small sample sizes where large-sample approximations might not be expected to be adequate. These properties include the simulated -bias, and variance for quantiles of the failure-time distribution at use conditions. We focus on using these methods to find practical compromise test plans that use three levels of stress. We also study the effects of not having any failures at test conditions, and the effect of using incorrect planning values. We note that the large-sample approximate variance is far from adequate when the probability of zero failures at certain test conditions is not negligible. We suggest a strategy to develop useful test plans using a small number of test units while meeting constraints on the estimation precision, and on the probability that there will be zero failures at one or more of the test stress levels.
Perifoveal vitreous detachment and its macular complications.

Purpose To evaluate the vitreoretinal relationship in eyes with idiopathic macular disorders putatively caused by vitreomacular traction associated with early stages of age-related posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
A potpourri of paediatric urology

Power to your prostate. Ultrasound is in the news this month in several areas. Focal HIFU (high-intensity focused ultrasound) has been used to treat prostate cancer with 95% free of disease at 12 months. Described as a “perfect” treatment it seems to have minimal side-effects and may replace chemoand radio therapy in the future. The online video accompanying the article shows the impressive power ultrasound can generate when it is intensely focused, but to be honest I wouldn’t want to view a demonstration before it was inserted. Daily Telegraph 16th April 2012.
Stark effects on band gap and surface phonons of semiconductor quantum dots in dielectric hosts

The authors have investigated quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) on GaAs and CdSe nanocrystals and the electric field effect on surface phonons of GaAs nanocrystals isolated in sapphire substrates. For a strongly quantum-confined system, GaAs quantum dots illustrated no exciton energy shift. When the excitons are weakly confined in CdSe, a {approximately} 2 meV red-shift was observed. On the other hand, the results of the electric field effect on surface phonon are dramatic both phonon oscillator strength and frequency. As the strength of the electric field increases, the total intensity of the surface phonon decreases. At the same time, an additional peak was also observed at 277 cm{sup {minus}1}, which is about 3 cm{sup {minus}1} above the center frequency of the surface phonon mode of GaAs nanocrystals embedded in a sapphire host.
The geochemistry of manganese in the northeast Pacific Ocean off Washington1,2

Water collected along a transect normal to the coast of Washington was analyzed for dissolved (co.4 pm) and total dissolvable manganese (TDM). The vertical profiles exhibit the same general features observed elsewhere in the Pacific, but a horizontal section of the transect shows that concentrations increase markedly toward the continental margin. A surface maximum, ranging from 0.57 nmol kg-’ in offshore waters to 5.24 over the continental slope, is probably due to fluvial inputs, especially from the Columbia River. Another possible source is the upwelling of manganeseenriched bottom water over the shelf. Horizontal gradients are also observed in the oxygen minimum as manganese concentrations decrease from 4.75 nmol kg-l near the continental slope to 0.7 1 in open ocean water. Porewater and solid phase data suggest that manganese is being actively remobilized under reducing conditions in the slope sediments and is diffusing into the overlying seawater at a rate sufficient to balance losses by vertical mixing and particulate scavenging. Two stations on opposite sides of the Juan de Fuca Ridge have deep concentration maxima that are almost certainly due to injections of hydrothermal vent fluid along the ridge,
Soil pCO 2 , soil respiration, and root activity in CO 2 - fumigated and nitrogen-fertilized ponderosa pine

The purpose of this paper is to describe the effects of CO2 and N treatments on soil pCO2, calculated CO2 efflux, root biomass and soil carbon in open-top chambers planted with Pinus ponderosa seedlings. Based upon the literature, it was hypothesized that both elevated CO2 and N would cause increased root biomass which would in turn cause increases in both total soil CO2 efflux and microbial respiration. This hypothesis was only supported in part: both CO2 and N treatments caused significant increases in root biomass, soil pCO2, and calculated CO2 efflux, but there were no differences in soil microbial respiration measured in the laboratory. Both correlative and quantitative comparisons of CO2 efflux rates indicated that microbial respiration contributes little to total soil CO2 efflux in the field. Measurements of soil pCO2 and calculated CO2 efflux provided inexpensive, non-invasive, and relatively sensitive indices of belowground response to CO2 and N treatments.
Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related gene products required for mitotic spindle assembly.

Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes, CIN8 and KIP1 (a.k.a. CIN9), were identified by their requirement for normal chromosome segregation. Both genes encode polypeptides related to the heavy chain of the microtubule-based force-generating enzyme kinesin. Cin8p was found to be required for pole separation during mitotic spindle assembly at 37 degrees C, although overproduced Kip1p could substitute. At lower temperatures, the activity of at least one of these proteins was required for cell viability, indicating that they perform an essential but redundant function. Cin8p was observed to be a component of the mitotic spindle, colocalizing with the microtubules that lie between the poles. Taken together, these findings suggest that these proteins interact with spindle microtubules to produce an outwardly directed force acting upon the poles.
High voltage piezoelectric system for generating neutrons

Compact electrical neutron generators are a desirable alternative to radioisotope neutron sources. A piezoelectric transformer system is presented which has been used to achieve neutron production. The two primary components of the system include a piezoelectric transformer plasma source (PTPS), which produced a deuterium plasma for ion extraction, and a high voltage piezoelectric transformer (HVPT), which generated an accelerating potential in excess of 100 k V. The system was operated at a pressure of 700 μTorr with an external gas supply providing controlled deuterium flow to the differentially pumped PTPS. Synchronized AC signals were used to independently drive each of the piezoelectric devices in burst mode with a 1 Hz rep-rate and 10% duty factor. A timing offset between the two signals was used to decrease electrical loading effects and increase neutron flux. The mechanism for neutron production was the D(d, n)3 He nuclear reaction, occurring when deuterium ions from the PTPS accelerated toward and impacted a deuterium-impregnated Pd or Ti target adhered to the output terminal of the HVPT.
Oligomerization of chromium(III) and its impact on the oxidation of chromium(III) by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solutions

Monomeric, dimeric and trimeric chromium(III) species in solution were separated by ion exchange and characterized with UV/Vis absorption and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (EXAFS). The kinetics of the oxidation of the separated species by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solutions were studied by conventional and stopped-flow UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Results indicate that the intensity of Cr–Cr scattering in the EXAFS spectra (dCr–Cr ∼ 2.99 A), a measure of the degree of oligomerization, increases as the solution alkalinity is increased. As the oligomerization proceeds, the rate of oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solutions decreases in the order: monomer > dimer > trimer > aged/unseparated alkaline chromium(III) solution where higher oligomers dominate. The dominant redox pathway has an inverse order with respect to CNaOH. The data suggest that the rate-determining step involves the weakening of the bridging bonds in the oligomer and a concomitant release of one hydroxyl group from the chromium(III) moiety upon the attack by hydrogen peroxide.
Familial sudden death syndrome with an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram as a potential marker

Most familial sudden cardiac death syndromes are associated with structural heart disease or 12-lead electrocardiographic abnormalities. Additionally, the utility of signal-averaged electrocardiograms in patients with familial sudden death syndromes has not been examined. We studied a kindred with sudden death to determine whether they could be classified into any of the previously described syndromes and whether an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram is a marker for this trait. Surviving family members had normal 12-lead electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Two of the patients who died from ventricular arrhythmias had normal hearts on autopsy. Two surviving family members had a clinical history of arrhythmic events; both had abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiograms and inducible ventricular arrhythmias during electrophysiologic studies. The other family members had normal signal-averaged electrocardiograms. This familial sudden death syndrome appears to be unique because the patients have anatomically normal hearts and normal 12-lead electrocardiograms. An abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram may be a marker for the sudden death trait.
Safety of long-term administration of a 0.01% fluocinolone shampoo in allergic dogs.

Nine dogs with allergic dermatitis were bathed twice weekly with a 0.01% fluocinolone shampoo for 6 months to evaluate the shampoo’s effects on the adrenal–pituitary axis, serum chemistries, complete blood counts and cutaneous histology. A group of 5 normal control dogs were bathed twice weekly for 6 months with the shampoo vehicle to determine whether or not the stress of bathing would have any effects on the monitored indices. Skin biopsies were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study, and serum chemistries and serum cortisols postadrenocorticotrophic hormone administration were evaluated every 8 weeks. There was no effect of the drug over time on serum chemistries or cortisol. Individual dogs in the treatment group had decreased epidermal and dermal thickness as well as decrease in size or number of sebaceous glands after treatment. None of the dogs exhibited the combination of morphologic changes characteristic of an atrophic dermatosis due to hyperadrenocorticism.
The Role of Alkali Metal Cations in MMA Polymerization Initiated by Neutral and Anionic Allyl Lanthanide Complexes

Reaction of 2 or 3 equiv of potassium 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)allyl (K[1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3] = K[A‘]) with the triflate salts of Ce, Nd, Eu, Tb, and Yb gives the corresponding neutral bis-(Yb, Eu) and tris-(Ce, Nd, Tb) allyl lanthanide complexes in yields ranging from 40 to 80%. These complexes, which have been crystallographically characterized, initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), but with poor turnover frequencies when compared with the corresponding salt complexes of the type K[LnA‘3]. K[A‘] itself initiates MMA polymerization, however, and its presence as an ion-pair in the salt complexes may contribute to the activity of heterometallic lanthanide catalysts.
Industry Structure, Organizational Forms, and Labor Dynamics in the Intermodal Logistics Supply Chain

The logistics intermodal supply chain represents a unique case of interorganizational relations, sequential interdependence, spatial dispersion, and multiple technologies. This sector of the economy has not received the attention it deserves in the organizational and labor studies literature given its centrality to global commodity chains and production networks. However, this variegated chain of organizations and labor processes reveal some interesting dynamics relevant to organization theory, logistics, supply chain management, labor organization, and social class relations. This paper integrates these various literatures in examining the intermodal supply chain that runs inland from the ocean container vessel to final points of distribution and the interplay between industry structure, organizational forms, and labor conditions. An additional consideration is how existing and changing industrial and organizational forms might either facilitate or impede the organization of labor and the strategies used by employers to reduce costs and increase flexibility. The paper includes a brief case study of the interface and interaction between workers in the port drayage and port terminal sectors of the supply chain.
Thermal study of group II–IV semiconductors —II. Heat capacity of Mg2Sn in the range 5–300°K☆

Abstract The heat capacity of Mg 2 Sn has been measured in the range 5–300°K, and the lattice heat capacity, Debye temperature and thermodynamic functions have been tabulated. The following values were found for the thermodynamic functions at 298.15°K: S 0 298.15 = 101.815 J (gfw deg.) −1 , −(G 0 298.15 −H 0 O ) T = 51.551 J (gfw deg.) −1 .
Conditions for Competition in Low-Information Judicial Elections: The Case of Intermediate Appellate Court Elections

Although much work has examined the conditions for competition and incumbent defeat in high-visibility elections, scholars have conducted little research on these conditions for less visible offices. We look at one particular type of low-information election: those to state intermediate appellate courts (IAC). Using a comprehensive data set of all IAC elections involving incumbents from 2000 to 2007, we estimate models of challenger entry and incumbent success once challenged. Our results comport, in some cases, and diverge, in others, with the findings of studies of more visible judicial and legislative offices.
Relationships of 35 lower limb muscles to height and body mass quantified using MRI

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the body and serves various physiological functions including the generation of movement and support. Whole body motor function requires adequate quantity, geometry, and distribution of muscle. This raises the question: how do muscles scale with subject size in order to achieve similar function across humans? While much of the current knowledge of human muscle architecture is based on cadaver dissection, modern medical imaging avoids limitations of old age, poor health, and limited subject pool, allowing for muscle architecture data to be obtained in vivo from healthy subjects ranging in size. The purpose of this study was to use novel fast-acquisition MRI to quantify volumes and lengths of 35 major lower limb muscles in 24 young, healthy subjects and to determine if muscle size correlates with bone geometry and subject parameters of mass and height. It was found that total lower limb muscle volume scales with mass (R 2 ¼0.85) and with the height–mass product (R 2 ¼0.92). Furthermore, individual muscle volumes scale with total muscle volume (median R 2 ¼0.66), with the height–mass product (median R 2 ¼0.61), and with mass (median R 2 ¼0.52). Muscle volume scales with bone volume (R 2 ¼0.75), and muscle length relative to bone length is conserved (median s.d. ¼2.1% of limb length). These relationships allow for an arbitrary subject's individual muscle volumes to be estimated from mass or mass and height while muscle lengths may be estimated from limb length. The dataset presented here can further be used as a normative standard to compare populations with musculoskeletal pathologies.
Effect of Solute Type on Sorbate Resistance in Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

The effect of sorbate on the growth of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was evaluated at reduced aw using sucrose, glucose and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Sorbate-adapted and unadapted cells were grown aerobically at pH 5.0 in media adjusted to 0.92 aw by addition of the solutes. Sorbate resistance by unadapted cells increased in the order of glucose < PEG < sucrose. Solute type had little effect on sorbate resistance by sorbate-adapted cells in media containing glucose and sucrose. The combination of PEG and 400 μg/mL sorbate was less inhibitory to sorbate-adapted cells than PEG with 0 μg/mL and 800 μ-g/mL of sorbate.
Analyzing spammers' social networks for fun and profit: a case study of cyber criminal ecosystem on twitter

In this paper, we perform an empirical analysis of the cyber criminal ecosystem on Twitter. Essentially, through analyzing inner social relationships in the criminal account community, we find that criminal accounts tend to be socially connected, forming a small-world network. We also find that criminal hubs, sitting in the center of the social graph, are more inclined to follow criminal accounts. Through analyzing outer social relationships between criminal accounts and their social friends outside the criminal account community, we reveal three categories of accounts that have close friendships with criminal accounts. Through these analyses, we provide a novel and effective criminal account inference algorithm by exploiting criminal accounts' social relationships and semantic coordinations.
Effect of Ad Libitum or Force-Feeding of Two Rations on Lactating Dairy Cows Subject to Temperature Stress

Summary Comparison of constant intake with ad libitum feeding of dairy cows demonstrated that: (1) The major decrease in milk production at high ambient temperatures is due to reduced feed intake. (2) High ambient temperature per se causes a decrease in production. Part of this effect may be due to decreased rate of feed passage through the rumen. (3) Differences in fiber or molasses content of rations at low or high temperatures showed no significant influence on amount or composition of milk produced. (4) Increase in temperature caused a significant decrease in production. (5) High temperatures caused a significant decrease (P
A dualband antenna for WLAN applications

A simple dual band 802.11a/b antenna system fabricated on a double-sided printed circuit board (PCB) is described. This low profile antenna, which is 0.8 mm in thickness and 6/spl times/40 mm in width and length respectively, is mounted onto the top of a laptop metal display frame. The antenna system has an average gain better than -1 dBi in the 2.4 GHz band and -2.7 dBi in the 5 GHz band on the horizon plane.
Effect of Mated Condition on Dominance Interactions and Nesting Behavior in the Social Wasp, Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

The reproductive division of labor of eusocial insect societies creates a conflict of interest among the individuals in a colony. Dominant individuals gain the greatest direct fitness benefit as the primary or sole egglayers for the colony. Physical and chemical defense of her reproductive prerogative and differential oophagy of subordinate laid eggs enable a queen to police her subordinates and suppress the subordinates' ovarian development (Pardi, 1948; Gervet, 1964; West-Eberhard, 1969; Reeve, 1991). Overt aggression among colony members is particularly apparent in the societies of primitively eusocial Hymenoptera such as Polistes (Vespidae), Mischocyttarus (Vespidae), and Bombus (Apidae), among others (Pardi, 1948; West-Eberhard, 1969; Dropkin and Gamboa, 1981; Reeve, 1991; Gadagkar, 1991). Subordinates gain indirect reproductive benefit by helping raise related offspring, but may also maximize their overall fitness by secretly laying eggs, manipulating offspring sex ratios, policing the egg-laying of other workers, or attempting to usurp the nest (West-Eberhard, 1969; Reeve and Nonacs, 1992; Goodnight et al., 1996; Ratnieks and Boomsma, 1997; Monnin and Ratnieks, 2001; Foster et al., 2002). In some cases females are not mated and can only lay male destined eggs (Suzuki, 1981, 1993; Ito and Yamane, 1985; Page et al, 1989; pers. obs.). Joiners derive a reduced indirect fitness benefit if the dominant cofoundress is unmated and can only produce male offspring. Bumble bee workers confined with unmated reproductive females had increased levels of juvenile hormone in their blood and exhibited overt aggression toward the unmated bee (Bloch et al., 1996). That the mated status of a female is detectable either by chemical cues or behavioral cues (or both) is supported by this bumble bee study and others showing differing levels of aggression toward mated and unmated females in social insect colonies (Bloch et al, 1996; Gobin et al, 1999; Piatt et al, 2004). One would predict that during the early stages of nest establishment the mated condition of competing wasps or bees would be an important factor in the establishment of dominance and in whether or not a female will be joined. In this study, I set out to establish the effects of mated status in Polistes fuscatus (Fab.) on 1) dominance interactions and behavior, 2) nest related behavior, and 3) reproductive development.
“I Kicked the Hard Way. I Got Incarcerated.” Withdrawal from Methadone During Incarceration and Subsequent Aversion to Medication Assisted Treatments

Incarceration is a common experience for individuals with opioid use disorder, including those receiving medication assisted treatments (MAT), such as buprenorphine or methadone. In the United States, MAT is rarely available during incarceration. We were interested in whether challenges with methadone maintenance treatment during incarceration affected subsequent attitudes toward MAT following release. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 formerly incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder in community substance abuse treatment settings. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Themes that emerged upon iterative readings of transcripts were discussed by the research team. The three main themes relating to methadone were: 1) rapid dose reduction during incarceration; 2) discontinuity of methadone during incarceration; and 3) post incarceration aversion to methadone. Participants who received methadone maintenance treatment prior to incarceration reported severe and prolonged withdrawal symptoms from rapid dose reductions or disruption of their methadone treatment during incarceration. The severe withdrawal during incarceration contributed to a subsequent aversion to methadone and adversely affected future decisions regarding reengagement in MAT. Though MAT is the most efficacious treatment for opioid use disorder, current penal policy, which typically requires cessation of MAT during incarceration, may dissuade individuals with opioid use disorder from considering and engaging in MAT after release from incarceration.
Proliferation and repair of guinea pig tracheal epithelium after neuropeptide depletion and injury in vivo

Neuropeptides stimulate airway epithelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro, but the role of neuropeptides in the repair of the epithelium after injury in vivo is not clear. We studied epit...
Diet and Endometrial Cancer: A Case-Control Study

A case-control study of 168 cases with endometrial cancer and 334 controls was conducted in Birmingham, Alabama, between June 1985 and December 1988. Cases were identified at the University of Alabama Hospital and in a private practice; controls were selected from among women who attended the University optometry clinic. A food frequency questionnaire that evaluated the intake of 55 nutrients and 116 foods was obtained for 103 cases and 236 controls. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of diet on endometrial cancer after adjustment for total calories, age, race, education, obesity, smoking status, age at menarche, number of pregnancies, age at menopause, diabetes, hypertension, and use of exogenous estrogens. High intake of certain micronutrients was associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer: the odds ratio for subjects in the upper tertile versus those in the lower tertile was 0.4 for both carotene and nitrate (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.8 and 0.2-0.9, respectively). There also was an inverse association between endometrial cancer and protein consumption (trend test; p = 0.002), and a moderate direct association with cholesterol intake (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 0.9-3.7) when terms for both these macronutrients were included in a logistic model. Total intake of animal and vegetable fat were not associated with endometrial cancer. More frequent consumption of several vegetables and certain dairy products was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of endometrial cancer. These results suggest that diet plays an important role in the etiology of endometrial cancer.
Is Book-Burning Bad?

We commonly assert that we should be good and should not be bad. But we also say that we should - respect the rule of law, equality, liberty, democracy, and the like. Ideally, a general theory of normativity would explain all shoulds and shouldn'ts, both moral and political, in common terms. For the most part, however, contemporary ethical theories are more limited in scope. I have previously proposed a theory of normativity founded in cultural evolutionary theory and used it to explain why we are motivated to be "good." In this paper, I apply the same theory to the problem of book-burning - not commonly viewed as a moral issue. The theory predicts that behaviors should be normative if they are nonobviously adaptive. The paper concludes that a diversity of books, including "wrong," disharmonizing, and perhaps even "bad" books, should facilitate rapid adaptive evolutionary change. It should therefore be maladaptive - for nonobvious reasons - for cultures to burn books. In short, book-burning is bad.
Measurement and Data Analysis

Progress in measurement theory and techniques of data analysis can be useful to both the management scientist and behavioralist. Recent developments in multidimensional scaling and nonmetric method...