cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The behavioral approach: With emphasis on economics

This paper reviews the need for economics to develop as an empirical science as opposed to becoming a branch of applied mathematics. The authors show why a behavioral approach is needed and focus on the theory of the firm as an example. To illustrate the point, the authors demonstrate the difficulties of testing the neoclassical theory of the firm as attempted by D. W. Jorgenson and his associates. Specifically, the paper analyzes three kinds of studies relating to the claim of empirical verification of neoclassical theory. These studies relate to: 1The demonstration that the exponents in the labor term of fitted Cobb-Douglas function are nearly equal to labor's share of income; 2Evidence that firms' short-run and long-run cost curves are U-shaped; and 3Evidence that firms' investments are best explained by regressions whose form is derived from neoclassical theory. The argument in favor of a behavioral approach is based in part on the body of research that has given us a picture of the nature of rationality in the real world. In addition, the authors argue that profit maximization under uncertainty has no unequivocal meaning. The authors conclude that a theory of decision making within organizations that combines both the internal variables of the firm and the market forces of the particular market structure the firm is operating within can be developed. Indeed substantial progress has been made toward formulating and testing such a theory. This paper aims to encourage such work in the face of the claims of the validity of the conventional approach. Clearly the methodology espoused is relevant for many of the social sciences.
Therapeutic mammotome excisions: radial scars

Benign radial scars, lesions characterised histologically by a fibroelastic core surrounded by stellate duct proliferation, cannot be differentiated from lesions with associated invasive or non-invasive carcinoma on imaging, and histological sampling is therefore mandatory. There is also extensive evidence of the frequency with which radial scars are associated with malignancy and with other lesions that have an associated risk of malignancy. The traditionally accepted management has been the surgical excision of all suspected radial scars because insufficient tissue was removed by standard biopsy techniques to exclude associated lesions. In more recent series, it has been shown that with extensive tissue sampling of such lesions with core biopsy and modern vacuum-assisted sampling devices, the presence of associated malignancy can be excluded, thus negating the need for surgical excision.
Elimination of shelterin components bypasses RNAi for pericentric heterochromatin assembly

The RNAi pathway is required for heterochromatin assembly at repetitive DNA elements in diverse organisms. In fission yeast, loss of RNAi causes pericentric heterochromatin defects, compromising gene silencing and chromosome segregation. Here we show that deletion of telomere shelterin components restores pericentric heterochromatin and its functions in RNAi mutants. We further isolated a separation-of-function mutant of Poz1 and revealed that defective telomere silencing, but not telomere length control, is critical for bypassing RNAi. Further analyses demonstrated that compromising shelterin-mediated heterochromatin assembly in RNAi mutants releases heterochromatin protein Swi6, which is redistributed to pericentric regions through RNAi-independent heterochromatin assembly pathways. Given the high mobility of Swi6 protein and that increased levels of Swi6 facilitates heterochromatin spreading as well as ectopic heterochromatin assembly, our results suggest that constitutive heterochromatin domains use multiple pathways to form high-affinity platforms to restrain Swi6, thus limiting its availability and avoiding promiscuous heterochromatin formation.
MILLENNIAL-SCALE CLIMATE VARIABILITY

Well-dated marine sediment cores that span the last 50 000 years frequently show considerable variability in both sediment and geochemical variables. In the North Atlantic, a series of ice- and meltwater events are spaced c. 7000 years apart (called Heinrich events) and represent periodic collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with possible contributions from other Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Some marine proxies also show higher frequency events that match the Dansgaard–Oeschger events first noted from ice core records from the Greenland Ice Sheet. In the last 12 000 years, the interval formally referred to as the Holocene, there are indications that various marine sediment proxies record ∼1500-year millennial-scale variability that might be linked to variations in the solar output. However, the range of variability during the Holocene is much reduced from that which is observed during marine isotope stages 2 and 3.
Hydrazine vapor inactivates Bacillus spores

Abstract NASA policy restricts the total number of bacterial spores that can remain on a spacecraft traveling to any planetary body which might harbor life or have evidence of past life. Hydrazine, N2H4, is commonly used as a propellant on spacecraft. Hydrazine as a liquid is known to inactivate bacterial spores. We have now verified that hydrazine vapor also inactivates bacterial spores. After Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372 spores deposited on stainless steel coupons were exposed to saturated hydrazine vapor in closed containers, the spores were recovered from the coupons, serially diluted, pour plated and the surviving bacterial colonies were counted. The exposure times required to reduce the spore population by a factor of ten, known as the D-value, were 4.70 ± 0.50 h at 25 °C and 2.85 ± 0.13 h at 35 °C. These inactivation rates are short enough to ensure that the bioburden of the surfaces and volumes would be negligible after prolonged exposure to hydrazine vapor. Thus, all the propellant tubing and internal tank surfaces exposed to hydrazine vapor do not contribute to the total spore count.
using dating as an analogy to teach ir theory

Active learning techniques tend to emphasize simulations, research projects, and the use of popular media to the relative neglect of problem-based approaches. This paper introduces a new problem-based exercise specifically for teaching international relations (IR) theories that builds on existing problem-based approaches by incorporating analogies and an exemplar-based approach to concept learning. Teaching complex IR theories to students, who are often early in their academic careers, can be a challenge for many academic staff. Our approach uses a carefully structured analogy, based on a dating scenario, to challenge students to explain and theorize the behaviour of the key actors in a way that is transferable to an IR analysis of state behaviour. The exercise yields an intuitive understanding of core theories that facilitates subsequent learning and application.
An Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Transportation Network Systems

This paper presents the ground work necessary to study the evolving air transportation industry. A survey of related models based on a system-of-systems perspective results in a methodology formulated to address overlooked areas such as market coordination and competition. An agent-based modeling approach underpins the integration of the demand-side (consumers) and supply-side (service providers) entities to effectively capture the dynamic interactions between these stakeholders within the National Transportation System. Machine Learning techniques are adopted to model the competitive sentience of air service providers in making decisions that affect consumers’ travel demand over time and vice versa. An interim model is developed employing this methodology on a four-node, inter-city transportation network, and has shown promising results toward further development efforts.
Large-scale, ion-current-based proteomics investigation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may provide new biomarkers and deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms but remains challenging. Here we describe an ion-current-based strategy for comparative analysis of BALF proteomes from patients with moderate and stable COPD versus healthy controls. The strategy includes an efficient preparation procedure providing quantitative recovery and a nano-LC/MS analysis with a long, heated column. Under optimized conditions, high efficiency and reproducibility were achieved for each step, enabling a “20-plex” comparison of clinical subjects (n = 10/group). Without depletion/fractionation, a total of 423 unique protein groups were quantified under stringent criteria with at least two quantifiable peptides. Seventy-six proteins were determined as significantly altered in COPD, which represent a diversity of biological processes such as alcohol metabolic process, gluconeogenesis/glycolysis, ...
Origin and diversification of the clonogenic cell in multiple myeloma: lessons from the immunoglobulin repertoire

Origin and diversification of the clonogenic cell in multiple myeloma: lessons from the immunoglobulin repertoire
Regulation of water and salt transport in collecting duct through calcium-dependent signaling mechanisms.

Synthese sur le role du calcium intracellulaire dans la transduction du signal pour la regulation du transport hydrique et mineral dans le canal collecteur. Mecanismes de regulation hormonale ou par des autacoides (PGE 2 , vasopressine, facteur de croissance epiderme, agents muscariniques et bradykinine), Ca-dependants; ex: hydrolyse des phosphatidylinositols. Effets des ionophores calciques et de l'activation de la proteine kinase C sur le transport de l'eau. Transport du sodium. Influx de Ca induit par l'AMP cyclique.
Some Remarks on Professor Mark Siegel's "Pynchon's Anti-Quests"

I think Professor Siegel is writing about a real phenomenon. The anti-quest, in various guises, is to be found in much of our literary and filmic fictions of the past two decades. I do have some questions and qualifications.
Maximizing the performance of NoC-based MPSoCs under total power and power density constraints

This paper presents an application mapping problem, which aims to maximize the performance of NoC-based multi-processor system-on-chip (MPSoC) designs without violating the total power and power density budgets of the chip, while maintaining the routability of all communicating cores. The mapping problem also accounts for the fact that, due to process variations, speed and leakage power characteristics of cores and routers may be quite different from one another. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer, non-linear mathematical program, and solved heuristically by a polynomial-time combinatorial algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieves 34% (31%) on average and 52% (49%) maximum performance improvement under 16nm planar CMOS (7nm FinFET) technology when mapping different applications with different number of tasks to a 64-core processor compared with the baseline algorithms.
Verapamil cardioplegia: Improved myocardial preservation during global ischemia

To determine whether the calcium antagonist verapamil can produce satisfactory myocardial preservation during global ischemia, we studied three groups of eight dogs. Serial left ventricular biopsy specimens were taken for adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate content Arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for lactate and oxygen content determination prior to ischemia, immediately after the ischemic interval, and after a 30 minute reperfusion period. Starling and isovolumetric ventricular function curves were determined prior to ischemic arrest and after 45 minutes of reperfusion. All animals were systemically cooled to 25° C, and the aorta was clamped for 120 minutes. Group I had a potassium cardioplegic solution (30 mEq/L) chilled to 4° C and injected into the aortic root. The initial dose was 200 ml and an additional 100 ml was infused at 20 minute intervals. Group II had a solution containing verapamil (0.15 mg/kg/L), diluted in Ringer’s solution (4° C), injected into the aortic root. The initial and subsequent doses were as in Group I. Group III received the same solution as Group II, but at room temperature. Alterations in lactate metabolism were not significantly different in any of the three treatment groups. A reduction in oxygen consumption was seen in Group III, but was not found to be statistically significant. However, the reduction in coronary flow at the end of reperfusion was statistically significant in Group III (p
Methane emission and protein precipitating ability of condensed tannins from warm-season perennial legumes

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions by ruminants represent a decrease in energy availability to the animal. Forages containing condensed tannins (CT) may suppress enteric CH4 emissions and bind to proteins, allowing protein to escape microbial degradation in the rumen resulting in ruminal bypass protein. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of CT from warm-season perennial legumes commonly consumed by ruminants to suppress CH4 emissions and bind to protein, and to assess the potential use of these forages in sustainable ruminant production systems.
Bibliographies for the Software

This set of materials includes bibliographies on P/G% applied to evaluation analysis, political science, public administration, law, and the judicial process as of approximately July 1988.
Somos Incas: Enduring Cultural Sensibilities and Indigenous Education

This framing chapter presents four core elements of the concept of culture that are particularly salient for indigenous education. First, I examine how culture has been metaphorically constructed in terms of “human rights” and as a “resource” in international educational discourse and practice. I offer a critique of problematic aspects of framing indigenous education across cultures. Moving beyond this introduction to culture, I focus on cultural wisdom derived from indigenous ways of knowing. This second element grows from acknowledging that how we epistemologically make meaning in the world can help us to de-center Western worldviews and modes of inquiry. Third, I reflect on Native traditions of conceptualizing and visualizing that integrate deeply-rooted aesthetic and intellectual repertoires. Both the process of engaging in art-making and the products themselves are important tools for rethinking education. I then introduce the fourth element, the importance of interrogating what it means to do research in the academy, looking at modes of engaged scholarship that legitimate reciprocal partnerships, embolden embodied engagement, and lead to academic institution building. Throughout the sections, I provide ethnographic insights gleaned from a decade of academic service-learning with indigenous communities in the Andes.
Automating Authorization: BASE

This chapter describes the creation of NBI’s first electronic authorization system, known as BASE. It recounts the various ways that banks sought to automate local authorizations, how Omniswitch demonstrated that interchange authorizations could be switched between local centers, and the efforts to create a single shared national authorization system for all the different charge and credit cards. This effort was ultimately abandoned and I end by describing the design and construction of NBI’s own system, which went into production in April of 1973.
Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults

The best treatment options for binge-eating disorder are unclear. This systematic review summarizes trial evidence on the benefits and harms of various treatments for this disorder, including cogni...
Identification of biochemical features of defective Coffea arabica L. beans

Coffee organoleptic properties are based in part on the quality and chemical composition of coffee beans. The presence of defective beans during processing and roasting contribute to off flavors and reduce overall cup quality. A multipronged approach was undertaken to identify specific biochemical markers for defective beans. To this end, beans were split into defective and non-defective fractions and biochemically profiled in both green and roasted states. A set of 17 compounds in green beans, including organic acids, amino acids and reducing sugars; and 35 compounds in roasted beans, dominated by volatile compounds, organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols, were sufficient to separate the defective and non-defective fractions. Unsorted coffee was examined for the presence of the biochemical markers to test their utility in detecting defective beans. Although the green coffee marker compounds were found in all fractions, three of the roasted coffee marker compounds (1-methylpyrrole, 5-methyl- 2-furfurylfuran, and 2-methylfuran) were uniquely present in defective fractions.
Mastectomy rates in relation to adoption of a margin guideline.

508Background: Surgery after initial lumpectomy to obtain a bigger negative margin is common and may lead to mastectomy. The impact of a 2014 consensus statement endorsing a minimal negative margin...
Post-bid Rescaling

This chapter theorizes three “rescaling” strategies that occur when a city “fails” to succeed during mega-event bidding: (1) political rescaling; (2) event rescaling; and (3) bid rescaling. Employing the use of three case examples, this chapter illustrates how the bidding processes in Toronto, Manchester and Paris necessitate rethinking how bids for the Olympic Games can shift the logic of public and private governance in a city/region and become handmaidens to the interests of the state in the restructuring of a city’s mode of governance. The wider impacts that bidding can have on democratic processes and urban politics in the post-bid period is the critical subject matter of this chapter.
Integrity in Research: Principles for the Conduct of Research

As science becomes increasingly complex, collaborative, and interdisciplinary, the need for a set of standards whereby research is conducted has become increasingly important. Both the researchers themselves and the institutions, where they work, from which their funding comes, and where they publish, have responsibilities to ensure that all research is conducted in an ethical manner, with utmost integrity. This chapter draws on materials that have been published over the past three decades to provide a set of fundamental principles that underlie the conduct of all aspects of research.
Reflective photonic limiter for the W-band

We design a reflective photonic limiter for the W-band. The design is based on a Bragg reflector cavity filled with the Mott insulator, VO2. At low intensity, the cavity displays strong resonant transmission via the localized cavity mode. As the input wave intensity increases, the heat-induced transition from insulating to metallic phase in VO 2 occurs, suppressing the cavity mode and the resonant transmission; the entire multilayer turns highly reflective within the entire photonic band gap.
Jhumpa Lahiri's “Hema and Kaushik” An Anatomy of Loneliness, a Transformation of Tragedy

As Rocio Davis illuminates in his study of contemporary Asian-American literature, the short story cycle epitomizes formal hybridity and enables authors to convey not only personal tensions, but te...
Governing the global climate commons: The political economy of state and local action, after the U.S. flip-flop on the Paris Agreement

Abstract United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, which follows well-known principles of common pool resource management, poses a serious challenge, but it could provide a golden opportunity to cement and advance the efficacy and legitimacy of the Agreement. The Agreement encourages subnational units to participate in a polycentric, multistakeholder governance structure. As many as two dozen states have policies that could put them in compliance. These states represents over 40% of U.S. emissions, making them the 4th or 5th largest emitter. Subnational compliance would give the Agreement a major boost particularly if they seek observer status and are exempted from sanction. Even without such rewards, the states have strong reasons to follow this path. As non-fossil fuel producing states, they have clear interests in developing local resources as the basis for their electricity sector. As a large group, they gain economies of scale and network effects. As part of the American Federalist system, they would be defending their right of independent action. At COP 23, the U.S. subnational entities played a prominent role and the treaty participants reacted strongly against the Trump administration position, while embracing the activities of U.S. subnational entities. The U.S. presence was limited and isolated.
A hybrid a posteriori error estimator for conforming finite element approximations

Abstract This paper introduces a hybrid a posteriori error estimator for the conforming finite element method, which may be regarded as a combination of the explicit residual and the improved ZZ error estimators. With comparable cost, the hybrid estimator is more accurate than the residual estimator. It is shown that the hybrid estimator is reliable on all meshes, unlike estimators of the ZZ type. Moreover, the reliability constant is independent of the jump of the diffusion coefficients for elliptic interface problems under the monotonicity assumption of the coefficients. Finally, numerical examples confirm the robustness of the estimator with respect to coefficient jumps and also better effectivity index compared to the residual estimator.
Neonatal Informatics: Optimizing Clinical Data Entry and Display

Displaying the vast amount of clinical data that exist in electronic medical records without causing information overload or interfering with provider thought processes is a challenge. To support the transformation of data into information and knowledge, effective electronic displays must be flexible and guide physicians’ thought processes. Applying research from cognitive science and human factors engineering offers promise in improving the electronic display of clinical information.
Medium Access Control Protocols for Satellite Communications

This chapter surveys the medium access control (MAC) protocols for satellite networks. Many such protocols have been designed to handle different types of traffic and meet different performance requirements. This chapter gives a comprehensive comparison of these protocols.
Glucose Sensing with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Since the discovery of SERS nearly thirty years ago, it has progressed from model-system studies of pyridine to state-of-the-art surface-science studies coupled with real-world applications. We have demonstrated a SERS-based glucose sensor as an example of the latter. A SERS-active surface functionalized with a mixed SAM was shown to partition and departition glucose efficiently. The two components of the SAM, DT and MH, provide the appropriate balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. The DT/MH-functionalized SERS surface partitioned and departitioned glucose in less than 1 min, which indicates that the sensor can be used in real-time, continuous sensing. Furthermore, quantitative glucose measurements, in the physiological concentration range, in a mixture of interfering analytes and in bovine plasma were also demonstrated. Finally, the DT/MH-functionalized SERS surface showed temporal stability for at least 10 days in bovine plasma, making it a potential candidate for implantable sensing.
Effects of Partial Gravity on the Function and Particle Handling of the Human Lung

The challenges presented to the lung by the space environment are the effects of prolonged absence of gravity, the challenges of decompression stress associated with spacewalking, and the changes in the deposition of inhaled particulate matter. Although there are substantial changes in the function of the lung in partial gravity, the lung is largely unaffected by sustained exposure, returning rapidly to a normal state after return to 1G. Provided there is adequate denitrogenation prior to a spacewalk, avoiding the development of venous gas emboli, the lung copes well with the low-pressure environment of the spacesuit. Particulate deposition is reduced in partial gravity, but where that deposition occurs is likely in the more peripheral airspaces, with associated longer retention times, potentially raising the toxicological potential of toxic dusts. Despite its delicate structure, the lung performs well in partial gravity, with the greatest threat likely arising from inhaled particulate matter (extra-terrestrial dusts).
High Clutter, Close Range, Wi-Fi Imaging and Probabilistic, Learning Classifier (Poster)

While robotics have been used in manufacturing for decades, we are now seeing robots whether animal-like or human-like open doors and maneuver indoors. To maneuver indoors these robots need to be aware of their situation within each room and the objects within. It’s no longer acceptable for a robot to use just pulses for collision avoidance; it must interact with static (non-moving) objects, too. Today we have a large array of imaging methods being visible light imaging, thermal imaging, night-vision imaging, but we need imaging in other cases such as a smoke-filled area containing same temperature objects. To see static objects in this arena, this research introduces Wi-Fi static object imaging and classification. It will allow a robot to maneuver a room with static objects when these other imaging methods won’t work well. This involves many challenges. The images created will be barely identifiable due to the low resolution of Wi-Fi, but the images need to be classified (identified). There are two major portions to this research. The first is the signal processing portion, where images are created, and the second is the image classification portion. In the signal processing portion, images will be created by using Wi-Fi signals transmitted and received on Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) hardware and directional antennas. These USRP’s are interfaced to GNU Radio for which the researchers have developed specialized routines to implement this portion of the research. In the image classification phase, the images created will be very blob-like with different reflective intensities. These images need some form of intelligence to classify them, and the system needs to improve its classification over time. AI neural networks will be employed and developed to work on the images. This research is a work-in-progress where the signal processing portion is complete except for further tuning. The images created so far have very distinct characteristics. This means these Wi-Fi images will be good candidates for the classification phase.
Effects of using mobile-based virtual reality on Chinese L2 students’ oral proficiency

AbstractThis article reports a mixed-methods study about using virtual reality (VR) tools (Google Cardboard and Expeditions) for developing students’ oral proficiency in learning Chinese as a secon...
Understanding Dual Credit Programs: Perspectives from Faculty, Staff, and Administrators.

Research on dual credit (DC) programs highlights the benefits including enhanced post-secondary access, higher GPAs, lower remediation, increased persistence, and higher graduation rates. Most of t...
Inflammatory Breast Cancer: a Separate Entity.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an uncommon but highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that contributes significantly to breast cancer–related mortality. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical and molecular characteristics of IBC, and highlight some areas of need for ongoing research. The disease is characterized by florid tumor emboli that obstruct dermal lymphatics, leading to swelling and inflammation of the affected breast. Recent studies have focused on tumor cell intrinsic features, such as signaling through pathways involved in growth and stem-like behavior, as well as extrinsic features, such as the immune system, that can be leveraged to develop new potential therapies. Key efforts have led to an increase in awareness of the disease as well as new insights into IBC pathogenesis. However, there is a strong need for new therapies designed specifically for IBC, and many unanswered questions remain.
Veterans Affairs Low-vision Intervention Trial II: One-year Follow-up.

SIGNIFICANCE One-year follow-up is recommended for patients with macular diseases to assess functional changes associated with disease progression and to modify low-vision (LV) treatment plans, if indicated. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to observe 255 patients with macular diseases who received LV rehabilitation (rehabilitation with a therapist) or basic LV services (LV devices dispensed without therapy) during Veterans Affairs Low-vision Intervention Trial II after the trial ended at 4 months until 1-year follow-up. METHODS The primary outcome measure was visual ability measured with the 48-item Veterans Affairs Low-vision Visual Functioning Questionnaire. Mean visual ability scores for the treatment groups were compared from baseline to 4 months, 4 months to 1 year, and baseline to 1 year. Changes from baseline to 1 year were compared between the two groups. Predictors of changes in visual ability from 4 months to 1 year were assessed using linear regression. RESULTS Both groups experienced significant improvement in all measures of visual ability from baseline to 1 year but lost visual reading ability during the observation period (LV rehabilitation group, -0.64 [1.2] logit; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.84 to -0.44 logit; basic LV group, -0.63 [1.4] logit; 95% CI, -0.88 to -0.38 logit), and overall visual ability was lost in the LV rehabilitation group (-0.20 [0.8] logit; 95% CI, -0.34 to -0.06 logit). Loss of visual reading ability in both groups from 4 months to 1 year was predicted by reading ability scores at 4 months, loss of near visual acuity from 4 months to 1 year, and lower EuroQol-5D utility index scores; loss of overall visual ability in the LV rehabilitation group during the same time period was predicted by lower overall ability scores at 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Visual ability significantly improved in all groups from baseline to 1 year. However, the loss of visual reading ability experienced by both groups from 4 months to 1 year reduced the benefit of the services provided.
Functional framework for change leaders: results of a qualitative study

Background Healthcare organisations are increasingly placing the onus on care providers to lead change initiatives to improve patient care. This requires care providers to perform tasks in addition to their core job roles and often outside of their formal training. The existing literature provides few insights regarding the functions required of change leaders in healthcare organisations. Objective To identify the core functions required of effective change leaders in healthcare organisations. Design Qualitative interview study. Participants Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 31 individuals employed by a large cancer centre in a variety of different positions (eg, surgeons, anaesthesiologists, nurse anaesthetists, nurses, project consultants and research coordinators) who had been involved in successful quality improvement initiatives. Results Using inductive content analysis, we identified six core pillars of leading change, which are supported by a foundation of effective communication. Within these six pillars, there were 12 functions, including explain why, demonstrate value, create consensus, align efforts, generate enthusiasm, motivate commitment, institute structure, explain how, facilitate taskwork, promote accountability, enable adjustment and sustain effort. Our model offers unique insights on leading sustainable change in healthcare organisations. Conclusion Using inductive content analysis of semistructured interviews, we have identified 12 important change leader functions and have organised them into a conceptual framework for leading change in healthcare. Individuals involved in leading change initiatives or developing training programmes to help others become effective change leaders can use this framework to ensure they are comprehensively addressing the necessary tasks for sustainable change.
Effects of Input Resolution on LIDAR Pedestrian Localization using Deep Learning

In the automotive industry, Lidar sensing is gaining traction as a viable modality for advanced driver-assistance systems. Lidar sensors create precise three-dimensional information that is highly valuable for safe driving in urban environments. In locating objects from Lidar-sensed data, deep learning techniques can be efficiently applied after converting the three-dimensional data to two-dimensional bird's eye view feature planes with a specified resolution. The resolution of the input feature planes holds an important role in that it affects not only the details of the Lidar information in the planes but also the overall computational cost, especially on embedded system-on-chips. We investigate the relationship between the resolutions of the input feature planes and the accuracy in pedestrian localization by utilizing deep learning and 44,000 Lidar data frames. Our results indicate that the input resolution can be substantially reduced with minimal impact on the accuracy of pedestrian localization. Therefore, applying lower input resolutions should be considered for the cost-effective deployment of Lidar-based perception technologies.
Phase 1b study of galunisertib and ramucirumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Background Preclinical data suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling interact to stimulate angiogenesis and suppress antitumor immune responses. Thus, combined inhibition of both pathways may offer greater antitumor activity compared with VEGF-targeted antiangiogenic monotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This is a multicenter, open-label, phase 1b study of galunisertib, an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor 1, and ramucirumab, an anti-VEGF receptor 2 antibody, in patients with advanced HCC aiming to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary objectives included safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), antitumor efficacy, and plasma alpha-fetoprotein and TGF-β kinetics. Dose escalation employed a 3 + 3 design. Patients received galunisertib at 80 mg (cohort 1) or 150 mg (cohort 2) orally twice a day on days 1-14 of a 28-day cycle combined with ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Results Eight patients were enrolled: three in cohort 1 and five in cohort 2 (two patients were unevaluable due to rapid disease progression and replaced). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade in ≥2 patients included nausea (25%) and vomiting (25%). There was one Grade 3 treatment-related AE, a cerebrovascular accident possibly related to ramucirumab. Galunisertib exposure was dose-proportional and not affected by ramucirumab. The RECIST version 1.1 objective response rate and disease control rate were 0% and 12.5%, respectively. Conclusion Combination therapy was safe and tolerable and displayed favorable PK. The MTD was established at galunisertib at 150 mg orally twice a day and ramucirumab 8 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. The results do not support the preclinical hypothesis that blocking TGFβ signaling enhances efficacy of VEGF-targeted therapy; thus further clinical development was halted for the combination of galunisertib and ramucirumab.
From Disparities to progress: Cultural Reflexivity in Framing Asian American Mental Health Research

This paper examines the current theory base that is explicit in research to understanding mental health disparities seen among Asian Americans. I will argue that the disparities framework is effect...
Functional impact of bothersome tinnitus on cognitive test performance

Individuals with bothersome tinnitus frequently report their concentration is affected. Given that tinnitus is the leading service-connected disability compensated by the United States Department o...
Three Strategies for Reducing Involuntary Segregation

The involuntary aspects of residential segregation in this country are examined, a conceptual model of involuntary segregation is presented, and four causative factors of involuntary segregation are noted. These four factors are the targets of three recent corrective strategies which have been used in an attempt to reduce involuntary segregation. The three strategies -fair-share plans, exclusionary zoning lawsuits, and community housing audits -are reviewed and analyzed in terms of their potential success in reducing involuntary segregation. Though no single strategy would be sufficient, all three strategies in combination may ultimately achieve a reduction of involuntary segregation in our metropolitan areas. Racial and economic residential segregation continues to prevail in most metropolitan areas of the nation, despite the slight improvement in some 1970 residential segregation indexes (Sorenson et al, 1975). Although some scholars emphasize the voluntary aspects of segregation , extensive analyses of residential segregation indicate that the concentration of blacks and the poor is largely involuntary (e.g., Abrams, 1965; Foley, 1973; Helper, 1969; Pettigrew, 1975,1971; Saltman, 1971; Taeuber, 1975, 1965). The causes of the involuntary segregation of blacks and the poor are multiple, and have been the targets of three recent strategies. These strategies are an attempt to change the situation of involuntary segregation to one of greater equality of opportunity -or freedom of choice -in housing. This paper briefly examines the involuntary aspects of *Portions of this paper were presented at the national meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, 1975, and at the annual meetings of the North Central Sociological Association, Columbus, 1975.
Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions

Taking Power analyzes the causes behind some three dozen revolutions in the Third World between 1910 and the present. It advances a theory that seeks to integrate the political, economic, and cultural factors that brought these revolutions about, and links structural theorizing with original ideas on culture and agency. It attempts to explain why so few revolutions have succeeded, while so many have failed. The book is divided into chapters that treat particular sets of revolutions including the great social revolutions of Mexico 1910, China 1949, Cuba 1959, Iran 1979, and Nicaragua 1979, the anticolonial revolutions in Algeria, Vietnam, Angola, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe from the 1940s to the 1970s, and the failed revolutionary attempts in El Salvador, Peru, and elsewhere. It closes with speculation about the future of revolutions in an age of globalization, with special attention to Chiapas, the post-September 11 world, and the global justice movement.
A Holier Temple

In the new novel, his main character wakes up in a different woman's bed at the start of each chapter, never knowing how or when he got there. The women all seem to know him. In fact, they are disconcertingly famiUar and mumble things Uke, "What time's it, Burt?" or "Could you please turn onto your side, please, so you don't snore so much?" or "Your turn to let the cat in, isn't it?" They puU sheets and blankets off him to cover their necks, kick him in the thighs if he trespasses too far to the center of the bed. They don't look at him with any of the alarm or special terror or satisfaction he feels when they fully awaken and turn toward him with their arms open and their new breasts showing and the smell of expired sleep supping up from under the sheetcovers. Burt is a heavyset man. He has droopy-Udded eyes of exceptional pale blue color, a gray chin-beard, and black and white curly hair. Together the curls and bare cheeks give him an ancient folk-balladeer sort of look, like a popular poet from the previous century. He's been told of the resemblance often enough he's come to feel a kinship with poets and poetry in general, though he's never written a Uck of rhyme and seldom reads anything but the newspa per. His days he spends at the city middle school teaching sixthand seventh graders the infalUble, grammatical laws of our language; nights, he takes some courses in basic astronomy at the local community college, watches televi sion, or goes out with the woman he's found himself with most recently. In the bed of a new woman he is always terrified when he first wakes up. He sUps to the edge of the mattress and props himself on one elbow and looks around, taking stock, trying to figure out what's happened and what's next. He shakes his head, squeezes his eyes shut and open again, and runs over the detaUs: there is the shirt he was wearing the night before, wadded on the floor beside him; there are his shoes, the brown ones this time; where are the pants? He plans his escape until something stops him: the gentle curve of her nose or something in the way her chestnut hair swirls at the temples, or the move ment of her sleeping eyes under her Uds (what color are they, anyway?). He sUps out further and further, stopping, starting again, his heart banging blood
The Photosynthesis "Oxygen Clock" Gets a New Number

The oxygen clock refers to a cycle of reactions by which photosynthesis converts water to oxygen. Manganese atoms of a multipolypeptide complex called photosystem II are key players in this reaction. In their Perspective, [Penner-Hahn and Yocum][1] discuss the report by [ Haumann et al. ][2] that reveals how x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to examine photosystem II and the manganese atoms. The powerful approach has uncovered a new chemical intermediate in the final step of water oxidation and oxygen formation. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5750/982 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/310/5750/1019
Increasing Mississippi river discharge throughout the 21st century influenced by changes in climate, land use, and atmospheric CO2

Previous studies have demonstrated that changes in temperature and precipitation (hereafter climate change) would influence river discharge, but the relative importance of climate change, land use, and elevated atmospheric CO2 have not yet been fully investigated. A process-based projection for the Mississippi River basin suggests that river discharge would be substantially enhanced (10.7–59.8%) by the 2090s compared to the recent decade (2000s), although large discrepancies exist among different climate, atmospheric CO2, and land use change scenarios. Our factorial analyses further indicate that the combined effects of land use change and human-induced atmospheric CO2 elevation on river discharge would outweigh climate change effect under the high-emission scenario (A2) of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, while climate change would still play the dominant role under the low-emission scenario (B1). This study highlights the important role of anthropogenic factors in influencing future hydrological processes and water resources.
Systems and network integration and outsourcing-is it a global imperative for multinational corporations?

With increasing pressures to reduce costs, become more competitive, get closer to the customer, keep abreast of new systems and networking technologies, attract and retain competent professionals and maintain organizational flexibility, many global corporations are increasingly using systems and network integrators and outsourcing vendors for some or all of their information technology (IT) systems, networks, people and/or operations. While global systems and networking integration and outsourcing is growing, it is not for everyone. The paper analyzes the driving forces for systems/network integration and outsourcing from a vendor's and user's perspective. In addition, it describes the risks and rewards of systems/network integration and outsourcing and identifies where integration and outsourcing could be used and should not be used. In the long run, it is the author's opinion that multinational corporations will become more dependent on systems and network integration and outsourcing vendors to help manage and keep up with the rapid technological changes in support of their global businesses. In addition, the author's experience and research conducted on the topic while working at Contel Information Systems and NYNEX Corporation provides a pragmatic and real world perspective to the topic as well as many of the frameworks which appear in the paper.
Cochlear frequency-place map in adult chickens: Intracellular biocytin labeling

Abstract A cochlear frequency-place map was developed for adult chickens by labeling cochlear ganglion neurons with biocytin and correlating the location of each labeled fiber along the basilar papilla with the characteristic frequency of the unit's tuning curve. Labeled fibers showed little or no branching within the sensory epithelium and most fibers appeared to terminate on a single hair cell along the neural side of the basilar papilla. The CFs of the labeled neurons ranged from 353 Hz to 3145 Hz and the location of the labeled neurons ranged from 30.1% to 74.4% of the total distance from the apex of the papilla. CFs increased in an orderly manner from the apex towards the base of the papilla. The cochlear frequency map for adult chickens was similar to that estimated from previous cochlear lesion studies carried out on 30 day old chicks, although the predicted frequencies in the adults were slightly higher in some regions of the basilar papilla than in 30 day old animals. However, previous maps developed in younger animals (≤21 days) using lesion or labeling data predict significantly lower frequencies for a given location than in adult animals particularly in the basal half of the cochlea.
Levels of Exfoliatin Antitoxin in Pooled Human Serum Globulin

The potential value of human serum globulin for treatment of patients with the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome was determined by measuring the exfoliatin antitoxin content of globulin pools. Of 16 lots tested, only four had detectable antitoxin activity, and in these the levels were minimal. These findings suggest that pooled serum globulin is not a practical source of exfoliatin antitoxin.
Fluorescence sensor array for metal ion detection based on various coordination chemistries: general performance and potential application.

A sensor array containing 9 cross-reactive sensing fluorescent elements with different affinity and selectivity to 10 metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Al3+, Ga3+) is described. The discriminatory capacity of the array was tested at different ranges of pH and at different cation concentrations using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Qualitative identification of cations can be determined with over 96% of accuracy in a concentration range covering 3 orders of a magnitude (5−5000 μM). Quantitative analysis can be achieved with over 90% accuracy in the concentration range between 10 and 5000 μM. The array performance was also tested in identification of nine different mineral water brands utilizing their various electrolyte compositions and their Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ levels. LDA cross-validation routine shows 100% correct classification for all trials. Preliminary results suggest that similar arrays could be used in testing of the consistency of the purification and manufacturi...