cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Historical Context of Teacher Assessment and Evaluation

In this chapter, we present a brief history of reforms in the United States pertaining to education in general, and to teacher education specifically, beginning with A Nation at Risk. Fueled by poor performance on national assessments such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and international comparisons of students such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the No Child Left Behind Act ushered an era of increasing standardization in education, with frequent testing of students and other measures of student achievement. Teachers and teaching were also under scrutiny. Studies such as the 1995 and 1999 TIMSS video studies examined common teaching practices in mathematics and science in various countries and revealed that mathematics teaching in the United States focused on procedural understanding and the acquisition of skills, while higher performing countries emphasized conceptual understanding. Various reform movements are subsequently discussed. Criticisms of teacher education and historical recommendations for changes in teacher preparation are presented, including the recommendation for the development of “signature pedagogies” in teacher education. We conclude with how these developments set the stage for the policy of the mandated edTPA.
Towards TDDFT for Strongly Correlated Materials

We present some details of our recently-proposed Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TDDFT) for strongly-correlated materials in which the exchange-correlation (XC) kernel is derived from the charge susceptibility obtained using Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (the TDDFT + DMFT approach). We proceed with deriving the expression for the XC kernel for the one-band Hubbard model by solving DMFT equations via two approaches, the Hirsch–Fye Quantum Monte Carlo (HF-QMC) and an approximate low-cost perturbation theory approach, and demonstrate that the latter gives results that are comparable to the exact HF-QMC solution. Furthermore, through a variety of applications, we propose a simple analytical formula for the XC kernel. Additionally, we use the exact and approximate kernels to examine the nonhomogeneous ultrafast response of two systems: a one-band Hubbard model and a Mott insulator YTiO3. We show that the frequency dependence of the kernel, i.e., memory effects, is important for dynamics at the femtosecond timescale. We also conclude that strong correlations lead to the presence of beats in the time-dependent electric conductivity in YTiO3, a feature that could be tested experimentally and that could help validate the few approximations used in our formulation. We conclude by proposing an algorithm for the generalization of the theory to non-linear response.
A Speed- and Accuracy-Enhanced On-Chip Current Sensor with Local Shunt Feedback for Current-Mode Switching DC-DC Converters

A high-speed high-accuracy on-chip current sensor for current-mode switching dc-dc converters is presented in this paper. By employing local shunt feedback, the non-dominant pole in the current sensor is pushed to high frequency. Both speed and accuracy of the current sensor can then be improved simultaneously by consuming low quiescent current. The proposed current sensor for the buck converter is designed using a standard 0.35?m CMOS process. Results show that the proposed sensor achieves at least 95% sensing accuracy and ≪50ns settling time by consuming the quiescent current of 35?A. The sensor allows the current-mode buck converter to operate at switching frequencies up to 2MHz with a duty cycle down to 0.2.
Designing the Interplay between Anonymity and Publicity for Online Social Support

Online social platforms have been used for people to seek social support. Unlike previous studies that singularly focused on either identity anonymity or content publicity vs. privacy, we conducted a pilot study focusing on understanding the effects of interplay between anonymity and publicity towards social support provision behaviors, by prototyping interfaces in a social application called Me2. The result shows participants' discrepant practices given different combinations of anonymity and publicity, with their contrasting preferences for anonymity and publicity when they took different perspectives as disclosers vs. responders, offering us design implications and insights for future work.
Early Patient-Reported Outcomes Predict 3-Year Outcomes in Operatively Treated Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity

Background For patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD), surgical treatment may improve their health-related quality of life. This study investigates when the greatest improvement in outcomes occurs and whether incremental improvements in patient-reported outcomes during the first postoperative year predict outcomes at 3 years. Methods Using a multicenter registry, we identified 84 adults with ASD treated surgically from 2008 to 2012 with complete 3-year follow-up. Pairwise t tests and multivariate regression were used for analysis. Significance was set at P Results Mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Scoliosis Research Society-22r total (SRS-22r) scores improved by 13 and 0.8 points, respectively, from preoperatively to 3 years (both P P = 0.049) and SRS-22r scores improved by 0.3 points ( P P R 2 = 0.52 and 0.42, respectively). There were no significant differences in the measured or predicted 3-year ODI ( P = 0.991) or SRS-22r scores ( P = 0.986). Conclusions In surgically treated patients with ASD, the greatest improvements in outcomes occurred between 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. A model with incremental improvements from baseline to 6 weeks and from 6 weeks to 1 year can be used to predict ODI and SRS-22r scores at 3 years.
Geology of the Abbeville-Perry-South Perry Structure, Vermilion Parish, Louisiana

The Abbeville-Perry-South Perry structure is located in the Miocene oil- and gasproducing trends of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana. The strata encountered by drilling are primarily Pliocene, Miocene, and Oligocene in age. Wells drilled to sufficient depth encounter three distinct facies : first, a shallow-water massive Pliocene and Miocene near-shore to continental sand facies; then, an intermediate facies of alternating sands and shales from the Miocene continentalshelf environment; and, finally, the thick deep-water shale facies of the early Miocene and late Oligocene. Structurally, the Abbeville-Perry-South Perry feature is a faulted, elongate anticline that trends north-northwest. It is oriented normal to the regional strike of the beds. All faults are normal and include both down-to- the-basin and up-tO-the-basin faults. The former are generally regional in extent; the up-tO-the-basin faults are smaller compensating faults confined tO the Abbeville-PerrySouth Perry structure. The fault throw generally increases gradually with depth. Faults decreasing with depth appear tO "die-out" in the bathyal shales. Individual beds thicken onto the downthrown sides of the faults and thin toward the crest of the structure. The amounts of thickening or thinning generally increase gradually with depth. Thus, fault movement and anticlinal folding were contemporaneous with sedimentation more-or-less continuously from Oligocene tO Pliocene time. These tectOnic movements were greatest during Oligocene and Lower Miocene time. The Abbeville-Perry-South Perry structure probably originated from anticlinal folding and faulting in the region of the continental slope during early Miocene and Oligocene time. As the hinge line (or shelf edge) migrated seaward across the area, the strtlCture became positioned closer tO the shoreline until in Pliocene time it was near the shoreline. Anticlinal growth and fault movement were greatest at the time when the structure was located in the environment of the continental slope and outer continental shelf. The structural activity steadily decreased after Lower Miocene time as the hinge line with its unstable environment continued tO migrate farther basinward.
A Field Test of an Instrument for Assessing Job Knowledge.

The importance of a person's knowledge of various jobs and its relationship to career development and counseling have long been recognized in the counseling profession. Unfortunately, however, only...
Functional Limitations Among Responders to the World Trade Center Attacks 14 Years After the Disaster: Implications of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with self-reported difficulties navigating the social and physical world and may also be associated with risk of functional limitations. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), an objective functional assessment, was administered during monitoring exams between January and December 2015 to a consecutive sample of 1,268 rescue workers, volunteers, and other responders who had aided in response, recovery, and cleanup efforts at the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York after the September 11, 2011 attacks. Data were linked with diagnostic and longitudinal data from the WTC monitoring study. Multivariable analyses were used to examine predictors of functional limitations. Prevalence estimates weighted to the general responder population revealed a relatively high prevalence of functional limitations, SPPB ≤ 9; 16.0%, 95% CI [13.7, 18.4]. Current PTSD was associated with a twofold increased risk of functional limitations after controlling for predisposing factors, trauma severity, behavioral factors, and WTC-related medical conditions, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 2.11, 95% CI [1.48, 3.01]. Exposure to ergonomic risk factors at the WTC also increased the risk of functional impairments, aRR = 1.34 95% CI [1.05, 1.70]. Longitudinal results suggest that individuals with current functional limitations experienced high baseline PTSD severity, B = 2.94, SE = 1.33, and increasing PTSD symptom severity, B = 0.29, SE = 0.10, since September 11, 2001. This study identified a cross-sectional relationship between functional limitations and PTSD and a worsening of PTSD symptoms in persons who eventually demonstrated functional limitations. Results highlight the potential role of chronic PTSD in functional limitations.
Iron transformations during low temperature alteration of variably serpentinized rocks from the Samail ophiolite, Oman

Abstract Partially serpentinized peridotites in the Samail ophiolite in the Sultanate of Oman currently undergo low temperature alteration and hydration both at shallow levels, with water recently in contact with the atmosphere, and at depth, with anoxic, reducing fluids. However, it is unclear how changes in the distribution and oxidation state of Fe are driving the production of energy-rich gases such as hydrogen and methane detected in peridotite catchments. We track the Fe transformations in a suite of outcrop samples representing a subset of the spectrum of least to most altered end-members of the Oman peridotites. We use microscale mineralogical and geochemical analyses including QEMSCAN, Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping, and electron microprobe wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. The less-altered peridotites possess a diversity of Fe-bearing phases including relict primary minerals (e.g. olivine, pyroxene, chromite) and secondary phases (e.g. serpentine and brucite). Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe data (Si/(Mg + Fe)) indicate that much of the serpentine is significantly intergrown with brucite on the sub-micron scale. These data also indicate that the Fe content of the brucite ranges from 10 to 20 wt% FeO. The mineral assemblage of the highly reacted rocks is less diverse, dominated by serpentine and carbonate while olivine and brucite are absent. Magnetite is relatively rare and mainly associated with chromite. Goethite and hematite, both Fe(III)-hydroxides, were also identified in the highly altered rocks. Whole rock chemical analyses reflect these mineralogical differences and show that Fe in the partially serpentinized samples is on average more reduced (∼0.40–0.55 Fe3+/FeTotal) than Fe in the highly reacted rocks (∼0.85–0.90 Fe3+/FeTotal). We propose that olivine, brucite, chromite and, perhaps, serpentine in the less-altered peridotites act as reactive phases during low temperature alteration of the Oman peridotite. The pervasive oxidation of Fe(II) in the less-altered peridotites to Fe(III) in the most-altered peridotites during water-rock reaction in the subsurface of the Samail ophiolite may produce H2 which will influence the development of microbial energy sources and habitats, and carbon cycling and sequestration within the (ultra)mafic ocean crust.
Low hygroscopicity of ambient fresh carbonaceous aerosols from pyrotechnics smoke

Abstract Pyrotechnics (fireworks) displays are common for many cultures worldwide, with Independence Day celebrations occurring annually on July 4th as the most notable in the U.S. Given an episodic nature, fireworks aerosol properties are poorly characterized. Here we report observations of optical properties of fresh smoke emissions from Independence Day fireworks smoke sampled at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico U.S.A. on 4–5 July 2016. Aerosol optical properties were measured with a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX, DMT, Inc., Model 870 nm) at low RH
Suitability of Open-Ocean Instrumentation for Use in Near-Field Tsunami Early Warning Along Seismically Active Subduction Zones

Over the past decade, the number of open-ocean gauges capable of parsing information about a passing tsunami has steadily increased, particularly through national cable networks and international buoyed efforts such as the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART). This information is analyzed to disseminate tsunami warnings to affected regions. However, most current warnings that incorporate tsunami are directed at mid- and far-field localities. In this study, we analyze the region surrounding four seismically active subduction zones, Cascadia, Japan, Chile, and Java, for their potential to facilitate local tsunami early warning using such systems. We assess which locations currently have instrumentation in the right locations for direct tsunami observations with enough time to provide useful warning to the nearest affected coastline—and which are poorly suited for such systems. Our primary findings are that while some regions are ill-suited for this type of early warning, such as the coastlines of Chile, other localities, like Java, Indonesia, could incorporate direct tsunami observations into their hazard forecasts with enough lead time to be effective for coastal community emergency response. We take into account the effect of tsunami propagation with regard to shallow bathymetry on the fore-arc as well as the effect of earthquake source placement. While it is impossible to account for every type of off-shore tsunamigenic event in these locales, this study aims to characterize a typical large tsunamigenic event occurring in the shallow part of the megathrust as a guide in what is feasible with early tsunami warning.
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication

Welcome to SIGDOC 2006! After nearly one year's preparation, the 24th ACM International Conference on Design and Communication has finally taken place in the beautiful Myrtle Beach, SC.Following ACM SIGDOC's focus on the design of communication for computer-mediated information products and systems, SIGDOC 2006 carried the organization's mission further by focusing on research and practice related to information gathering and design, and on software and systems documentation. Concepts and approaches from emerging disciplines, such as user experience study, genre analysis, software engineering, data mining, and documentation clustering have altered the landscape of the communications design field. To meet this vast challenge, multidisciplinary and systematic approaches to information design and software documentation are required.
Designing a Solid Electrolyte IV. Designing a Reversible Solid Electrode

In the discussion of secondary batteries in Lecture I, two types of reversible electrodes were identified: elemental-metal anodes and insertion-compound cathodes. The elemental-metal anodes found application with aqueous electrolytes (e.g. the Cd-Ni alkali cell and Pb-PbO2 acid cell) and with solid electrolytes (e.g. Na-S cell), but the number of possibilities is limited. Insertion compounds, on the other hand, may be used as anodes as well as cathodes; in fact a composite of two insertion compounds has particular promise for this application [1]. Therefore, my final lecture is devoted to a few observations about insertion compounds and their design as reversible solid electrodes.
Measurement of Volume Regulation

Investigation of the involvement of the renal function in behavioral medicine is an area in which little study has been done to date. An overall concept of renal physiology is that the kidneys respond to excesses or deficits in nutrient and fluid supply by excretion or conservation. The kidneys adjust numerous specific functional parameters to maintain total body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The kidneys also respond to stimuli mediated through the autonomic nervous system and extrarenal hormonal factors. Unlike the cardiovascular response to similar stimuli which is quite rapid, the renal response to stimuli is slower. Renal adjustments to neurogenic Stressor or altered electrolyte loads will occur over hours to days. Therefore, methodologic issues addressing renal participation in behavior-related disorders will require a design which addresses means of investigating a system which functions under slower stimulus—response rate. This chapter will discuss the basic elements of renal function, and those which may be altered by behavioral factors. The standard methods of evaluating renal function and factors which effect functional variations will also be presented.
Modern Maladies of the Self: Borrowed Selves and Collective Faith

Cultures give rise to and support different kinds of self-constructions and types of faith. In this article I argue that particular Western beliefs and values can give rise to modern maladies of self and faith—borrowed selves and collective faith. Borrowed selves reveal a fundamental insecurity or anxiety that comes from a felt lack of possessing or owning the attributions of one's identity, which in turn shapes the very relationships and faith upon which identity is linked. More specifically, I identify two distinct, though related, manifestations of borrowed selves—normotic selves and nomadic selves—and their concomitant types of collective faith—merged faith and eclectic-autonomous faith. Both self-constructions and types of faith manifest persons' specific stance with regard to community and its traditions, and both are fueled by an unconscious anxiety and a belief in what I call relativistic individualism.
Changes in the Demographics, Qualifications, and Turnover of American STEM Teachers, 1988–2012:

Qualified science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers are critical in the provision of high-quality STEM education for all students. Through descriptive and regression analysi...
Manufacturing Monsters: Dehumanization and Public Policy

In this chapter I explore the phenomenon of dehumanization in relation to public policy. Using two examples of spectacle lynchings of African Americans, I articulate a conception of dehumanization as the attitude of conceiving of others as subhuman creatures and explain the psychological basis for this phenomenon. I suggest that dehumanization is pertinent to policies concerning hate speech. I address objections to my conception of dehumanization: that dehumanizers implicitly or explicitly acknowledge the humanity of their victims and that dehumanizers regard their victims not merely as animals but also as demons and monsters. I explain how these objections can be met.
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein blocks miRNA-124 biogenesis to enforce its neuronal-specific expression in the mouse

MicroRNA (miRNA)-124 is expressed in neurons, where it represses genes inhibitory for neuronal differentiation, including the RNA binding protein PTBP1. PTBP1 maintains nonneuronal splicing patterns of mRNAs that switch to neuronal isoforms upon neuronal differentiation. We find that primary (pri)-miR-124-1 is expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells where mature miR-124 is absent. PTBP1 binds to this precursor RNA upstream of the miRNA stem–loop to inhibit mature miR-124 expression in vivo and DROSHA cleavage of pri-miR-124-1 in vitro. This function for PTBP1 in repressing miR-124 biogenesis defines an additional regulatory loop in the already intricate interplay between these two molecules. Applying mathematical modeling to examine the dynamics of this regulation, we find that the pool of pri-miR-124 whose maturation is blocked by PTBP1 creates a robust and self-reinforcing transition in gene expression as PTBP1 is depleted during early neuronal differentiation. While interlocking regulatory loops are often found between miRNAs and transcriptional regulators, our results indicate that miRNA targeting of posttranscriptional regulators also reinforces developmental decisions. Notably, induction of neuronal differentiation observed upon PTBP1 knockdown likely results from direct derepression of miR-124, in addition to indirect effects previously described.
Augmented Attributions: The Role of Perceived Effort in the Formation of Consumer Motive Attributions: An Abstract

In recent years, the nature of corporate giving has begun to change. Corporate philanthropy, whereby a corporation donates a portion of its resources to a societal cause, has become more focused and strategic in its execution (Gautier and Pache 2013). To that end, there remains the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying processes that drive returns from CSR-related activities. Prior research has demonstrated that for CSR initiatives to be successful, consumers must believe the company is support a cause for the right reasons.
Health Literacy Considerations for a New Cancer Prevention Initiative

Cancer prevention efforts are newly focused on the older adult population. Adult literacy and health literacy findings and suggestions can help shape more efficacious health communication strategies and thereby increase the "accessibility" of important health information and the potential for healthful action. National and international surveys of adult literacy skills have consistently offered problematic findings that older adults have more limited proficiencies than do younger working adults and face difficulties using commonly available materials to accomplish everyday tasks. Clinical as well as population-based studies of health literacy similarly find limited health literacy among a majority of U.S. adults and even poorer health literacy among older adults. This is of concern because health literacy studies have established clear links between limited literacy and poor health outcomes as well as diminished participation in activities related to disease prevention. Literacy experts note difficulties associated with abstract concepts and with sophisticated numeracy tasks, both associated with disease prevention. Health literacy findings and insights are important considerations in the development of health messages and materials to promote cancer prevention among older adults.
Two-stage adaptive enrichment design for testing an active factor.

ABSTRACTWe propose an adaptive enrichment approach to test an active factor, which is a factor whose effect is non-zero in at least one subpopulation. We implement a two-stage play-the-winner desig...
A Study of 219Rn Outgassing and 211Pb Contamination from 223Ra In dry, Liquid, and Murine Tissue Samples.

Introduction A study of Pb contamination caused by the outgassing of Rn from Ra in dry, liquid, and murine tissues samples has been made to help design proper handling procedures for Ra in preclinical biodistribution work. Materials and methods Pb activity levels were measured from Ra in dry, liquid, and tissue samples using aspiration and autoradiography techniques. Results Using aspiration techniques on dry samples of Ra, an average Rn outgassing rate of 51% ± 21% was measured with one measurement reaching as high as 81%. 31% ± 4% Pb contamination was measured within a 4.3 cm radius of a dry Ra source placed inside a 10-cm-diameter petri dish where the lip of the petri dish contained the Rn dissemination. Without the containment of the petri dish, Rn can reach as far as 7.8 cm from the source with trace levels spreading further. Using aspiration techniques on liquid samples of Ra, outgassing rates of Rn were 0.9% ± 0.3%. The outgassing levels in harvested organs from a biodistribution were as high as 10.1% ± 0.4% for an intraperitoneally injected mouse and 0.204% ± 0.006% for an intravenously injected mouse. The outgassing of the intravenously injected mouse carcass was less than 0.1%. Conclusion In dry form, the high levels of Rn outgassing from a Ra source necessitate the use of ventilated biohoods when handling or preparing dry Ra from source vials. The very low levels of Rn outgassing from Ra liquid sources reduces exposure to Rn by a factor of 50. Rn exposure from murine organ tissue reaches levels of 10% when handling organs from an intraperitoneal injection and less than 0.2% for an intravenous injection.
Parallelizing FluidC, a Community Finding Algorithm

FluidC is an algorithm to find communities on networks (graphs). Like the Label Propagation algorithm, the algorithm must update one vertex at a time. Otherwise, the algorithm does not converge on bipartite or nearly bipartite graphs. We have parallelized the FluidC algorithm using OpenMP and good speedups are observed. For the case of bipartite or nearly bipartite graphs, we revert to the sequential algorithm.
Mean intraglottal pressure in vocal fold oscillation

Mean intraglottal pressure is discussed in relation to subglottal pressure, supraglottal pressure and transglottal pressure. In the opening phase, mean intraglottal pressure (the net vocal fold driving pressure) is strongly dependent on transglottal pressure, but in the closing phase it depends almost entirely on supraglottal pressure. Negative mean intraglottal pressure occurs briefly in the glottal cycle, but is not essential for oscillation. The Bernoulli principle is re-examined.
Preservice Elementary Teachers' Images of Clay Scientists

The Draw-A-Scientist test, a popular projective test in use for decades, reveals the drawer's attitudes toward science. This study examined and compared images of “scientists” and “clay scientists” drawn by 87 preservice elementary teachers before and after participating in instruction about the origin of clay minerals and their uses in everyday products. Images of “scientists” shifted from stereotyped white male chemists in lab coats to an increase in persons of color and females engaged in outdoor science. “Clay scientist” images shifted from white males working indoors or outdoors with clay or ceramics to include more females, more everyday clothing, and a broader range of clay products. The effective clay science instruction included pre-instructional assessment of student ideas, small group discussions, structuring of activities, hands-on concrete materials, visuals, and connections to real life.
Short-Term Follow-Up of Patellar Component Revision in Patients With Isolated Patellar Component Loosening

Abstract Background The etiology of patellar component loosening can be multifactorial, including component malposition, trauma, infection, and poor implant design. These cases may be managed with isolated patellar component revision or simultaneous patellar component with femoral and/or tibial component revision. Isolated patellar revision in the setting of aseptic loosening historically has had limited success with high rates of repeat revision. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 75 cases diagnosed with patellar component loosening that underwent revision. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years. Cases were categorized as either isolated patellar (IP) revision or patellar with femoral and/or tibial component (P + O) revisions. Survivorship and re-revision causes were compared between groups. Secondary outcomes included surgical time, estimated blood loss, range of motion, and length of stay. Results Fifty patients underwent IP revision, and 25 patients had P + O revision. Overall survivorship at the 2-year follow-up interval was 94.6%. Survivorship of IP revision undertaken for aseptic loosening was 94%. Survivorship of P + O revision was 96%. Eight percent of patients required reoperation from the P + O revision group, while 12% of patients in the IP revision group underwent a reoperation. Patients undergoing IP revision had better postoperative range of motion, lower surgical times, lower estimated blood loss, and decreased length of stay. Conclusion IP revision demonstrates excellent survivorship and clinical outcomes comparable to P + O revision. When appropriate, IP revision should be considered as a potential treatment option. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Cultivating evidence-based practice through mentorship.

Abstract Background Nurses' use of evidence-based practice (EBP) improves patient outcomes through provision of optimal patient care. Aim The Evidence-Based Practice Mentorship Program (EBPMP) is a self-directed, year-long immersion program implemented for staff nurses to experience the EBP process with close mentor support. The aim of this program is to bolster a culture of EBP at a single large pediatric quaternary care hospital in the Northeast. Results A total of 81 nurses across 4 cohorts participated in this organization wide program from 2016 to 2019. To date the program has produced 46 internally and externally disseminated EBP projects. Of the graduates, 7-nurse mentees have become formal EBPMP mentor's, 3 have applied and been accepted into the organizational based Nursing Science Fellowship to carry out clinical inquiry projects to fill important literary gaps, and 6 have received promotions or career advancements. Most importantly, graduates have anecdotally reported that program participation inspired deeper critical reflection of patient care. Summary Utilizing mentorship to facilitate EBP was a key educational strategy for the busy mentors and mentees, as many of the nurse participants were direct care providers. This self-directed program resulted in a high project completion rate leading to continued organizational support for the program, which is now in its fourth year.
A Marking Study of the Black Blister Beetle, Epicauta pensylvanica (Degeer) (Coleoptera: Meloidae), Demonstrates a Preference for a Restored Tallgrass Prairie

Blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) have a long history in human culture, are detrimental to human health, and considered an agricultural pest. However, little is known about the ecology of many of these beetle species in natural systems. The black blister beetle, Epicauta pensylvanica (Degeer), is a common fall species that regularly feeds on goldenrod (Solidago spp.) flowers. Previous ecological research used mass releases to explore movement patterns and habitat use. For a more natural investigation, a marking study was conducted to quantify the population size, movement patterns, and habitat use in a restored tallgrass prairie and adjacent degraded grassland. We uniquely marked a total of 914 individuals, recapturing 22.2% over 16 surveys (16 August to 11 October 2018). A maximum daily count of 286 individuals was recorded on 11 September, corresponding to a population size estimate of 2,011 (1,258– 4,139 95% CI). Several times, adult numbers increased one to two days following rain events, and ultimately dropped substantially following mowing of the degraded grassland. Beetles were capable of moving throughout the study site based on one individual traveling at least 599 m over the course of the study. However, most detected movements were short and there was no preference in movement directionality, suggesting that beetles would most often move to adjacent flowering goldenrod patches. Despite the lack of directionality, the restored tallgrass prairie portion of the study site retained significantly more beetles than the degraded grassland. While further describing the ecology of the black blister beetle, this study also supports the effectiveness of the habitat restoration efforts.
Growth of the Social #RadOnc Network on Twitter.

Abstract Purpose Twitter is an increasingly popular social media platform within the health care community. The objective of this analysis is to characterize the profile of radiation oncology–related tweets and Twitter users over the past 6 years. Methods and Materials Using the web-based social media analytics platform Symplur Signals, we filtered tweets containing at least 1 of the following hashtags or key words: #radonc, #radiationoncology, "rad onc," or "radiation oncology." We evaluated radiation oncology–related Twitter activity between October 2014 and March 2020 for tweet frequency, tweet content, and individuals or groups posting tweets. We identified the most influential Twitter users contributing to radiation oncology–related tweets. Results From 2014 to 2020, the quarterly volume of radiation oncology–related tweets increased from 5027 to 29,763. Physicians contributed the largest growth in tweet volume. Academic radiation oncologists comprise 60% of the most influential Twitter accounts responsible for radiation oncology–related content. The number of radiation-oncology resident physicians on Twitter increased from 25 to 328 over the past 6 years, and 20% of radiation-oncology residency programs have a Twitter account. Seventy-one percent of radiation oncology–related tweets generated direct communication via mentions, and 59% of tweets contain links to external sources, including scientific articles. Conclusions The number of physicians contributing radiation oncology–related Twitter content has increased significantly in recent years. Academic radiation oncologists are the primary influencers of radiation oncology–related Twitter activity. Twitter is used by radiation oncologists to both professionally network and discuss findings related to the field. There remains the opportunity for radiation oncologists to broaden their audience on Twitter to encompass a more diverse community, including patients.
Pseudoholomorphic maps into folded symplectic four-manifolds

Every oriented 4-manifold admits a stable folded symplectic structure, which in turn determines a homotopy class of compatible almost complex structures that are discontinuous across the folding hypersurface ("fold") in a controlled fashion. We define folded holomorphic maps, ie pseudoholomorphic maps that are discontinuous across the fold. The boundary values on the fold are mediated by tunneling maps which are punctured H-holomorphic maps into the folding hypersurface with prescribed asymptotics on closed characteristics. Our main result is that the linearized operator of this boundary value problem is Fredholm, under the simplifying assumption that we have circle-invariant folds. As examples we characterize the moduli space of maps into the folded elliptic fibration E F (1) and we construct examples of degree d rational maps into S 4 . Moreover we explicitly give the moduli space of degree 1 rational maps into S 4 and show that it possesses a natural compactification. This aims to generalize the tools of holomorphic maps to all oriented 4-manifolds by utilizing folded symplectic structures rather than other types of pre-symplectic structures as initiated by Taubes in [24; 25; 27; 26].
Tocilizumab in the treatment of critical COVID-19 pneumonia

Background: The anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia although the efficacy remains unknown Methods: Patients with COVID-19 confirmed by nasal swab PCR for SARSCoV- 2 who were admitted to Stony Brook University Hospital in Suffolk County, New York between March 10th and April 2nd and received tocilizumab while undergoing mechanical ventilation in any intensive care unit were retrospectively analyzed from data available in the electronic medical record Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared to mechanically ventilated patients admitted during the same time period who received standard hospital protocol Results: Forty-five patients received tocilizumab compared to seventy controls Mean dose of tocilizumab given was 4 8mg/kg and mean time to receipt from initial intubation was 2 5 days Baseline demographic characteristics, inflammatory markers, treatment with corticosteroids, and SOFA scores were similar between the two cohorts (Table 1) Patients who received tocilizumab had significantly lower Charlson co-morbidity index (2 0 versus 3 0, p = 0 01) and higher temperature (38 7 C versus 38 2 C, p = 0 004) than controls There was no significant association between receipt of tocilizumab and the rate of extubation within fourteen days (44 4 percent versus 34 2 percent;OR = 1 53, 95% C I 0 71 - 3 30), discharge from hospital (51 1 percent versus 40 0 percent;OR = 1 568, 95% C I 0 737 - 3 337), or mortality (31 1 percent versus 41 4 percent;OR = 0 639, 95% C I 0 290 - 1 4407) (Table 2) Patients who were administered tocilizumab within two days of intubation had increased likelihood of extubation within fourteen days compared to those who were treated later (OR = 3 50, 95% C I 1 01 - 12 18) There was no observed increased risk of secondary infection in patients given tocilizumab (28 9 versus 25 7, OR = 1 1736, 95% C I = 0 507 - 2 714) Conclusion: Tocilizumab was not associated with a significant improvement in rate of extubation, hospital discharge, or reduction in mortality in this retrospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Further studies are needed to determine whether earlier treatment may result in improved outcomes (Table Presented)
The inconsequence of negative statehouse evaluations on ballot measures: Evidence from survey experiments

Abstract Existing scholarship about ballot measure voting and elite cuegivers suggests that the express endorsement of an unpopular legislature on a statewide ballot measure will depress voter support. Despite seven tests across two decades on both high- and low-profile measures, it did not. This null finding is in keeping with macro-level patterns of strong public support for the more than 4000 legislative referrals approved by voters in the past century. Consequently, we propose that the influence of an elite endorsement on voter behavior is more complicated than past research suggests. Specifically, in keeping with the seminal observation made by Hibbing and Theiss-Morse (1995) that American political cynicism is more a matter of distaste for certain political practices than for actual political institutions, we suspect that when voters are overwhelmed by policy proposals that are both unfamiliar and complex, they may find assurance in the imprimatur of their General Assembly.
Using the Lenses of Emotion and Support to Understand Unemployment Discourse on Reddit

Unemployed individuals experience emotional upheaval and financial constraints, and they struggle to share their challenges and obtain support from their family members and social circles. While prior work has shown that social media platforms enable their users to safely share their turmoil, hardships, and emotional upheavals and seek support, little is known about how the unemployed use such platforms. Based on a mixed-methods analysis of data retrieved from unemployment communities on Reddit, our study reveals that redditors in these communities engage in exchanges that range from queries seeking information about job searching to discussions about sensitive topics such as the health and social implications of unemployment. Also, while redditors use mostly negative emotional tonality in their texts when initiating a new post, the comments in response provide considerable social support in the form of esteem, emotional, informational, network, and instrumental support. Based on these findings, we share the theoretical implications of our work and offer design
Enhanced Defect Detection in After Develop Inspection with Machine Learning Disposition

A complementary Machine Learning disposition method was generated and tested for after develop inspections in lithography. For lithography coating defects, this new method showed twice the sensitivity and five times the specificity in a controlled experiment versus the baseline system. Applying the detection method along with process improvements, preventative measures and rework for splatter defects, reduced yield loss from splatters by over 30x. Herein we describe learnings on the use of image enhancement for training and disposition, an Explainable AI system to support understanding, and a process flow to train augmentation based on performance.
NOAA 20 VIIRS Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) sun transmittance function update from Yaw maneuver and 3 year on-orbit SDSM data

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NOAA-20 satellite was launched on November 18, 2017. Its on-orbit radiometric calibration is based on the Solar Diffuser (SD) observations for the Reflective Solar Bands (RSB). Due to the ultra-violet portion of the Sun light, the roughness of the SD surface is gradually increased which degraded the reflectance property of the SD surface. The SD degradation needs to be accurately measured as on-orbit radiometric calibration reference. For this purpose, Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) frequently measures the SD surface reflectance changes from the 8 SDSM detectors. The SDSM has two view ports called Sun and SD view ports. The Sun view with attenuation screen provides the reference Sun illumination at the time of SD view from the same detectors. The ratio between the Sun and SD observation provides the SD degradation (or called H-factor) at the 8 selected wavelengths. The prelaunch SDSM Sun view transmission function had significant problems that caused more than one percent oscillations in the H-factors. Previously, the SDSM Sun view transmittance function was updated by using the 15 yaw maneuvers on January 25 and January 26, 2018 as a part of post-launch tests. In addition to the yaw data, the SDSM Sun view transmittance function was updated using on-year on-orbit SDSM data to fill up the non-yaw angles. In this study, the NOAA VIIRS radiance team updated the SDSM Sun view transmittance function using 3 year on-orbit SDSM data. The H-factor with the updated Sun transmittance function is stabilized especially in the short wavelengths providing better on-orbit calibration for the on-orbit NOAA-20 VIIRS RSB calibration.
Intellectual Disability: Ethics, Dehumanization, and a New Moral Community

Acknowledgements vii Prologue:Why Study Disability? ix Part I The Roots of Dehumanization 1 1 Intellectual Disability: History and Evolution of Definitions 3 2 The Social Construction of Purgatory: Ideas and Institutions 19 3 A Failure of Intelligence 37 4 The Consequences of Reason: Moral Philosophy and Intelligence 53 Part II Out of the Darkness 77 5 Defining the Person: The Moral and Social Consequences of Philosophies of Selfhood 79 6 Alternative Views of Moral Engagement: Relationality and Rationality 95 7 Culture and Intellectual Disability 116 Part III Disability Ethics for a New Age 131 8 Quality of Life and Perception of Self 133 9 Application and Best Practices: Rights, Education, and Ethics 151 10 Epilogue: Visions of the Future 170 References 177 Name Index 215 Subject Index 225
A field study of organizational factors influencing DSS success

A field study involving 124 organizations, and 378 DSS users, was conducted to ascertain the influence of the user's task environment on DSS success. Three groups were analyzed in the study: managers, financial and planning analysts (FPA's), and "others" who were predominantly management scientists or data processing analysts. The study focused on three factors discussed in the MIS literature as potential, but unsubstantiated contributors to DSS success: decision context (degree of problem structure), level of task interdependence (degree of interaction with others), and level of task constraints (degree of decision maker authority and autonomy). There was some evidence that the decision context and the level of task interdependence were moderately related to decision-making success for managers and others. There was very little support found to substantiate a relationship between the level of task constraints and DSS success for any group in the study. The results reaffirmed that the level of top management support, user training, and length of DSS use are important correlates of DSS success.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Blood Velocity in Man During Cardiac Arrhythmias

Utilizing the Doppler ultrasonic blood velocity probe, superior mesenteric artery blood velocity (SMABV) was studied in 20 subjects during cardiac arrhythmias. Normal SMABV is phasic and continuous throughout the cardiac cycle, with a substantial diastolic fraction. Atrial, junctional, and ventricular premature beats result in diminished SMABV, dependent on their coupling intervals. Atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia can cause a marked reduction of SMABV. Termination of tachyarrhythmia is associated with an increased systolic and diastolic SMABV. It is concluded that cardiac arrhythmias can diminish SMABV, providing a basis for some cases of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia and infarction. The Doppler blood velocity probe system is a useful technique for characterizing SMABV under normal conditions and during cardiac arrhythmias.
The effect of closed labs in computer science I: an assessment

Retention in our Computer Science I course has been around 50%. In order to improve retention, we started using closed labs in the course. In this paper, we will compare two offerings of our Computer Science I course with not-for-credit closed labs, against two most recent offerings of the course with open labs. We found that closed labs did not help improve retention or project completion rates in the course. However, we observed a qualitative improvement in student learning in the closed lab sections. Our observations suggest that closed labs may be helpful primarily in the first third of the course. We plan to continue to collect and evaluate data to verify these results.
Numerically stable real number codes based on random matrices

Error correction codes defined over real-number field have been studied and recognized as useful in many applications. However, most real-number codes in literature are quite suspect in their numerical stability. In this paper, we introduce a class of real-number codes based on random generator matrices over real-number fields. Codes over complex-number field are also discussed. Experiment results demonstrate our codes are numerically much more stable than existing codes in literature.
A wild case of abdominal pain

You are called to see a 17-year-old Hispanic girl in the pediatric emergency department (ED) complaining of abdominal pain for 1 week. She describes a “stabbing” pain in the epigastrium and flanks that radiates to the lower back. She says that the pain comes intermittently in attacks that occur throughout the day and may last up to several hours. She feels pain most of the day, but it is worse at night and frequently causes her to awaken from sleep.