cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histamine-releasing autoantibodies in chronic urticaria.

Circulating histamine-releasing factors have been identified in the serum and plasma of chronic-urticaria patients by in vivo skin testing and in vitro histamine release from heterologous mixed leukoc
The Limits of “The Male Sex Role” An Analysis of the Men's Liberation and Men's Rights Movements' Discourse

Some feminists have seen sex role theory as limited, even dangerous; others see it as useful mid-range theory. This article sheds light on this debate through an examination of the discourse of the men's liberation movement of the 1970s. Men's liberation leaders grappled with the paradox of simultaneously acknowledging men's institutional privileges and the costs of masculinity to men. The language of sex roles was the currency through which they negotiated this paradox. By the late 1970s, men's liberation had disappeared. The conservative and moderate wings of men's liberation became an anti-feminist men's rights movement, facilitated by the language of sex roles. The progressive wing of men's liberation abandoned sex role language and formed a profeminist movement premised on a language of gender relations and power. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of this case for debates about sex role theory, and urges the study of contemporary organizations whose discourse is based on the lang...
Analysis of an axisymmetric deep-drawn part forming using reduced forming steps

Abstract Numerical simulations have been widely used to assist part and process design. In this paper, deep-drawing processes of an axisymmetric part with a complex geometry are analyzed with the aim of reducing possible forming steps. The existing practice requires a 10-step drawing. Our approach combines a optimization scheme, design rules and numerical tests using the finite-element analysis incorporated with a damage model. As a result, the 10-step drawing is reduced to a 6-step drawing. Additionally, the new process design yields a lower maximum void volume fraction in the sheet, meaning a more formable process and a slightly higher press load.
A study of the function of the epididymis. I. Is the attainment of full spermatozoon maturity attributable to some specific action of the epididymal secretion

During the past few years many functions have been assigned to the epididymis which have been supplementary to its rǒle in sperm storage and to its secretory activity. One of these, the suggestion that sperm attain full maturity and are strengthened in consequence of some action of its secretion, has been reinvestigated as the first part of a study which is intended to include other aspects of the problem. No evidence in support of the theory was obtained from a series of experiments on various mammals representing a repetition and extension of earlier work. On the contrary, the strengthening and attainment of full spermatozoon maturity would seem to be the outcome of changes which are inherent in the sperm themselves. It is suggested, therefore, until other aspects of the subject can be reinvestigated, that the epididymis is simply a reservoir for sperm in which the processes of sperm development which start while they are still contained in the testis are free to continue because of the favorable environment present in the epididymis.
Silent ischemia: Evaluation by exercise and redistribution tomographic thallium-201 myocardial imaging

Abstract To compare the amount of myocardium jeopardized during silent ischemia and painful ischemia, 112 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography with ischemia demonstrated by exercise and redistribution tomographic thallium-201 myocardial imaging (SPECT) were divided into two groups: 84 patients without anginal pain (silent ischemia) and 28 with pain (painful ischemia). The SPECT apical, mid and basal ventricular levels of the short-axis view and the apical portion of the long-axis view were divided into 20 segments. The results were 1) 7.4 ± 4.7 ischemic segments in silent ischemia and 7.6 ± 3.7 in painful ischemia (p = NS) with 4.7 ± 3.6 segments in silent ischemia undergoing total redistribution compared with 5.4 ± 3.4 in painful ischemia (p = NS); 2) no difference in the incidence of single, double or triple vessel disease between silent and painful ischemic groups; 3) similar anatomic distribution of ischemic segments between the two groups; 4) more positive exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in painful ischemia (70%) than in silent ischemia (32%) (p Conclusions: 1) Patients with silent and painful ischemia during exercise have similar amounts of ischemic myocardium demonstrated by tomographic thallium-201 imaging and similar extent of angiographically documented coronary artery disease despite the absence of pain and the lower incidence of positive exercise ECG findings in silent ischemia. 2) Positive and negative exercise ECG findings were associated with similar amounts of ischemic myocardium.
Optical video interpretation of interference colors from thin transparent films on silicon

A method is tested for analyzing color video images to determine film thickness for transparent coatings on silicon. The method is robust to reasonable variations in light level, video parameters, and computer image capture spectral characteristics. The main standardizing feature of the method is to include characterization of a bare substrate along with the unknown samples (either within the view frame or as a separate sequence under identical illumination conditions during video capture). Then, the color appearance for the unknown sample can be referenced to the color appearance of the bare substrate, thereby enabling a quantitative match between the measured color and the predicted color characteristics. The technique is tested with transparent spin-on-glass (SOG) coatings that were calibrated separately. The limits of applicability and the level of accuracy that can be obtained are discussed in detail.
Protein adsorption and desorption on gel-filled rigid particles for ion exchange

Adsorption and desorption rates of lysozyme onto gel-filled rigid particles for ion-exchange chromatography are measured. The adsorbent medium, known as S-HyperD, comprises polystyrene-coated silica particles whose pores are filled with a functionalized poly(acrylamide)-based hydrogel. The equilibrium uptake decreases gradually with salt concentration in the range 0-150 mM, and no uptake occurs at concentrations of 300 mM or greater. In the low salt range, the rates are consistent with a homogeneous diffusion model where the driving force is the bound protein concentration gradient. As a result of highly favorable partitioning in the gel, transport rates are higher than predicted for diffusion in liquid-filled pores. At high salt concentrations, the measured rates are still consistent with the model, but the diffusivity is higher. In all cases, intraparticle transport is independent of hydrodynamics. The behavior of cyclic column operations is successfully predicted using this model.
Laser-based analysis of carbon isotope ratios

A laser technique for analysis of carbon-13:carbon-12 ratios with the specificity of laser resonance spectroscopy and the sensitivity and accuracy typical of isotope ratio mass spectrometers is reported. The technique is based on laser optogalvanic effect spectroscopy, in which an electrical (galvanic) signal is detected in response to the optical stimulation of a resonance transition in a gas discharge species. Carbon dioxide molecular gas lasers are used, with the probed transitions being identical to the lasing transitions. Measurements for carbon dioxide samples with 100-second averaging times yield isotopic ratios with a precision of better than 10 parts per million.
Childhood Food Addiction and the Family

Food addiction among children is a concerning issue. Few empirical studies have examined the relevance of food addiction among pediatric samples, but emerging evidence suggests that some children experience their eating patterns as addictive. The present review will discuss the issue of food addiction among children, and will also attend to the related concepts of binge eating and obesity. Several family factors that have been implicated as contributing to problematic eating practices among children will be discussed, including family functioning, parental modeling, parental pressure, and the impact of low socioeconomic status. Finally, implications for counselors who work with families struggling with food addiction will be presented.
Legume growth and residual effects on oat (Avena sativa L.) production

Abstract The effect of varying cutting frequencies on the yield of hardy and nonhardy alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars and subsequent oat (Avena sativa L. ) production was studied. Analysis for nitrogen (N) in the oat crop provided an indirect measurement of residual N fixed by the preceding legume crop. Red clover produced the greatest yield and supported the greatest oat yield. Red clover and nonhardy alfalfa growth resulted in the greatest residual N (oat yield x N concentration). Highly significant linear responses between cutting frequency and residual N were found for hardy alfalfa and red clover, while no relationship was evident for nonhardy alfalfa. The data suggest that nonhardy alfalfa and new cultivars of red clover have the capacity to supply more N than hardy alfalfa.
Evaluation of thermal and mechanical loading effects on the structural behavior of a SiC/titanium composite

Composite specimens of titanium-15-3 matrix reinforced with continuous SCS-6 silicon carbide fibers were tested under a variety of thermal and mechanical loadings. A combined experimental/finite element approach was used to estimate the effective in-situ modulus of the matrix material and to evaluate changes in modulus due to the applied loads. Several fiber orientations were tested. Results indicate that the effect of the thermal loads on composite stiffness varies with fiber orientation. Applications of this method to test specimens damaged by uniaxial tension, thermal cycling, and isothermal fatigue loadings are used to illustrate that by monitoring overall structural behavior, changes in stiffness caused by thermomechanical loading can be detected.
Gauge invariant lattice quantum field theory: Implications for statistical properties of high frequency financial markets

Abstract We report on initial studies of a quantum field theory defined on a lattice with multi-ladder geometry and the dilation group as a local gauge symmetry. The model is relevant in the cross-disciplinary area of econophysics. A corresponding proposal by Ilinski aimed at gauge modeling in non-equilibrium pricing is implemented in a numerical simulation. We arrive at a probability distribution of relative gains which matches the high frequency historical data of the NASDAQ stock exchange index.
Localization of [14C] Labeled Anti-Streptococcal Cell Membrane Monoclonal Antibodies (anti-SCM mAb) in Mice

Six different hybridomas secreting anti-SCM mAb and one control mAb were placed into adult mice along with [14C] amino acids for biosynthetically labeling. After sacrifice, the 14C mAb ascites along with serum, heart, kidney, lung and skeletal muscle were recovered. Tissue associated specific radio-activity (SpAc) and microscopic structural analyses were performed. Confirmation of mAb specificity was by both immunodot blots as well as Western blot analysis. Peritoneal injection of measured doses of anti-SCM mAb yielded tissue SpAc confirming their in vitro specificities10. Two of the mAb showed strong reactivity to both renal (GBM) and lung basement membrane (LBM), two were mainly GBM reactive and two showed polyreactivity with a marked reactivity to a Z-line antigen. Autoradiographic light microscopy confirmed that the anti-SCM mAbs bound to both GBM and LBM and to Z-line antigen. Titrated doses of the mAb yielded autoradiographic confirmation in which the grain number on the GBM and LBM increased with i...
Optimal multiway split trees

Abstract A class of multiway split trees is defined. Given a set of n weighted keys and a node capacity m , an algorithm is described for constructing a multiway split tree with minimum access cost. The algorithm runs in time O ( mn 4 ) and requires O ( mn 3 ) storage locations. A further refinement of the algorithm enables the factor m in the above costs to be reduced to log m .
Sustained expression of TGF-β1 underlies development of progressive kidney fibrosis

Sustained expression of TGF-β underlies development of progressive kidney fibrosis. We found that TGF-β1 expression and increased matrix production is transient and self-limited in nephritic glomeruli from rats with acute, reversible glomerulonephritis induced by a single injection of an antibody reactive with glomerular mesangial cells. In contrast, in rats given a second antibody injection, one week later, the glomerular expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β1 protein remained elevated through 18 weeks and was associated with a large infiltration of mononuclear cells, with staining features of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic cells, strongly expressing TGF-β1 in the tubulointerstitium of the kidney. By 18 weeks kidneys from animals receiving two antibody injections showed glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with striking deposition of collagens type I and III, whereas kidney tissue from animals given one antibody injection was indistinguishable from normal control. The histological changes were accompanied by persistent proteinuria and elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen. Extracellular matrix markers of TGF-β1 activity, a special isoform of fibronectin, tenascin, biglycan and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, were significantly elevated in kidneys undergoing fibrosis. These data suggest that sustained TGF-β1 expression contributes to the development of progressive kidney fibrosis.
A population model for two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and its predator metaseiulus occidentalis

A population simulation model that was developed for the fruit tree red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) and its phytoseiid predator (Amblyseius potentillae Garman) (Rabbinge, 1976) was adapted to Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt and Tetranychus urticae Koch. The model uses life-table data for T. urticae and M. occidentalis and M. occidentalis' numerical and functional responses. The assumptions made in the model were tested by comparing the model outcome with the results of an independent greenhouse experiment. Sensitivity analyses were also done to evaluate the implicit assumptions of the model and to determine the relative importance of the rates and parameters used. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that time of release is critical for rapid control of the prey population. Predator-prey release ratios and frequency of releases are relatively less important. Differences in functional and numerical response and predator dispersal rate also seem relatively less important than proper timing of releases. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG EIN POPULATIONSMODELL FUR DIE GEMEINE SPINNMILBE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE UND IHREN RAUBER METASEIULUS OCCIDENTALIS Ein Simulationsmodell, das fur die Populationen der Obstbaumspinnmilbe (Panonychus ulmi Koch) und ihren Feind (Amblyseius potentillae Garman) entwickelt worden war (Rabbinge, 1976), wurde Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt und Tetranychus urticae Koch angepasst. Das Modell verwendet Life-table Daten fur T. urticae und M. occidentalis sowie die numerischen und funktionalen Reaktionen von M. occidentalis. Die im Modell gemachten Annahmen wurden getestet, indem das Modellergebnis mit den Resultaten eines unabhangigen Gewachshausversuchs verglichen wurde. Die Sensitivitatsanalyse zeigte, dass der Zeitpunkt der Freilassung entscheidend ist fur eine rasche Begrenzung der Wirtspopulation. Das Rauber-Wirtverhaltnis und die Haufigkeit der Freilassung sind weniger wichtig. Unterschiede in der numerischen und funktionalen Reaktion und die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit scheinen ebenfalls weniger wichtig zu sein als der richtige Zeitpunkt der Freilassung.
Promoting energy conservation behavior in public settings: The influence of social norms and personal responsibility

How might psychological science be utilized to encourage proenvironmental behavior? In two studies, interventions aimed at promoting energy conservation behavior in public bathrooms examined the influences of descriptive norms and personal responsibility. In Study 1, the light status (i.e., on or off) was manipulated before someone entered an unoccupied public bathroom, signaling the descriptive norm for that setting. Participants were significantly more likely to turn the lights off if they were off when they entered. In Study 2, an additional condition was included in which the norm of turning off the light was demonstrated by a confederate, but participants were not themselves responsible for turning it on. Personal responsibility moderated the influence of social norms on behavior; when participants were not responsible for turning on the light, the influence of the norm was diminished. These results indicate how descriptive norms and personal responsibility may regulate the effectiveness of proenvironmental interventions.
Boron derivatives: As a source of 1-MCP with gradual release ☆

Abstract 1-Methylcycloprene (1-MCP) is a commercially available chemical used for the treatment of flowers or fruits to retard their ripening and thus prolong their shelf-life. The main difficulties associated are it's handling and control release on purpose as 1-MCP is a gas at ambient temperature, which limits its’ broad spectrum of application. In this present study, we synthesized four boron derivatives of methylene cyclopropane (MCP) which are stable at ambient conditions and capable of releasing 1-MCP gradually in contact with water depending on their reaction rates. These or similar compounds will offer better controlled delivery of 1-MCP than the existing technology, selective application, cost effective multi-batch treatment option and more importantly has the potential to be used in open fields to increase the crop yields around the globe. Open field application of 1-MCP can be a solution to protect crops from drought conditions, where higher crop yields are restricted due to inadequate amounts or unequal distribution of rain fall. Investigated complexes could be modified with the replacement of different alkyl or aryl groups and thus generating more complexes to explore.
Chest wall hamartoma with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome: clinical report and brief review of chromosome 11p15.5-related tumors.

A girl born with a left chest wall hamartoma, macroglossia, nevus flammeus of the middle forehead, and a small umbilical hernia developed left lower extremity hemihypertrophy by 1 year of age and is assumed to have Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Hamartoma of the bladder and a cardiac fibrous hamartoma have been reported previously in association with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Infantile hamartomas are exceedingly rare and add to the spectrum of tumor formation in the syndrome.
In-Situ Measurement of the Properties of Curing Systems with Microdielectrometry.

Abstract This paper addresses the in-situ measurement of various properties of curing systems with a particular dielectric method called Microdielectrometry. We have used integrated circuit technology to develop a miniaturized dielectric probe that combines small size with built-in amplification to achieve sensitivity at frequencies as low as 1 Hz. The device combines a planar interdigitated electrode structure with a pair of matched field-effect transistors. Calibration is based entirely on the details of the electrode geometry, and thus is stable with respect to temperature variations, and is reproducible from device to device. Generally, what is measured is the frequency dependent dielectric permittivity (ϵ) and dielectric loss factor (ϵ) in the frequency range 1–1000 Hz. In this paper, the results of isothermal cures of the amine-epoxy system DGEBA-MPDA are presented, and are shown to provide a measurement of a low-frequency dielectric relaxation time which can be correlated with bulk viscosity prior ...
The regularization method for Fredholm integral equations of the first kind

In this work, the Fredholm integral equations of the first kind will be examined. The regularization method combined with the existing techniques are applied to handle the ill-posed Fredholm problems. Examples will be used to highlight the reliability of the regularization method.
Gender-Role and Sex Differences in Recreation:

The present purposes were to assess the relative influences of gender-role orientation and sex on recreational preferences and time spent in recreation and work. Undergraduate volunteers (48 men, 61 women) completed a recreational inventory and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. Chi-squared analyses by gender-role orientation indicated that there was a greater representation of androgynous individuals in the social activities category and that masculine-typed individuals were underrepresented in the vicarious activities category. Significant chi-squared analyses by sex indicated that men were overrepresented in the chance, strategy, and physical skill and strategy categories and women were overrepresented in social activities and imaginary playmates categories. Subjects' gender-role orientation and its interaction with sex significantly predicted time spent on work and approached significance for recreation.
HIV hyperimmune globulin or intravenous immune globulin inhibits response to an HIV vaccine.

The murine model was developed to assess the effects of maternally transferred HIV hyperimmune globulin or human intravenous immune globulin on the immunization of the offspring at 18–21 days of age with rgp120SF2-complete Freunds adjuvant. Either HIV hyperimmune globulin or intravenous immune globulin was administered intraperitoneally to post-partum BALB/c mice and was transferred via milk to the offspring. Both HIV hyperimmune globulin and intravenous immune globulin inhibited the offspring anti-rgp120SF2 IgG response to the vaccine. The HIV hyperimmune globulin inhibition persisted for 28 days after immunization while the intravenous immune globulin inhibition was still present at 63 days after immunization. In addition, the intravenous immune globulin had a more generalized immunosuppressive effect, inhibiting the IgG response to both rpg120SF2 and an additional protein antigen, hen egg-white lysozyme. Effects of maternal or exogenously administered pre-existing antibody, including control antibodies (intravenous immune globulin), on the newborn response to HIV and other vaccines must be carefully evaluated when vaccine studies proceed in newborns.
Isolation of a highly active H+-ATPase from beef heart mitochondria.

The lysolecithin extraction procedure originally described by Sadleret al. (1974) has been modified to yield a H+-ATPase with high levels of Pi-ATP exchange activity (400–600 nmol × min−1 × mg−1). This activity is further enhanced (1400–1600 nmol × min−1 × mg−1) following sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of asolectin. This enhancement results in part from a lipid-dependent activation and in part from removal of inactive complexes. The H+ translocating activity of the complex has been determined spectrophotometrically using binding of oxonol VI as an indicator of membrane potential. Pi-ATP exchange, ATP hydrolysis, and oxonol binding are sensitive to energy-transfer inhibitors (oligomycin, rutamycin) and/or uncouplers (DNP, FCCP).
PTR-MS fragmentation patterns of gasoline hydrocarbons

Abstract Product ion yields for a suite of hydrocarbons associated with motor vehicle exhaust including alkenes, alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic compounds are reported for a PTR-MS instrument operated at an E/N ratio of 80 and 120 Td. At 120 Td many of the compounds tested underwent dissociative proton transfer reactions complicating the interpretation of the vehicle exhaust mass spectrum. However at 80 Td most aromatic and alkene compounds tested yielded M + H product ions at near 100% yield and alkyl substituted cyclohexanes and C9–C12 branched alkanes yielded M-H ions as the major product ion. The PTR-MS response factors to dimethyl and trimethyl cyclohexane compounds were about a third of that expected if they reacted at the collisional rate limit with H3O+. Analysis of gasoline at 80 Td showed that the major peaks in the mass spectrum could be reasonably accounted for from known hydrocarbon abundance and their product ion yields, including the alkyl substituted cyclohexane compounds which yielded M-H ions at m/z 97, 111, and 125. Operation at lower E/N ratios would enable the PTR-MS to measure alkyl substituted cyclohexanes and larger alkane compounds in urban air at their M-H product ion.
The rate of metastable vacuum decay in (2 + 1) dimensions

Abstract The pre-exponential factor in the probability of decay of a metastable vacuum is calculated for a generic ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional model in the limit of small difference e of the energy density between the metastable and the stable vacua. It is shown that this factor is proportional to e − 7 / 3 and that the power does not depend on details of the underlying field theory. The calculation is done by using the effective Lagrangian method for the relevant soft (Goldstone) degrees of freedom in the problem. Unlike in the ( 1 + 1 ) -dimensional case, where the decay rate is completely determined by the parameters of the effective Lagrangian and is thus insensitive to the specific details of the underlying (microscopic) theory, in the considered here ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional case the pre-exponential factor is found up to a constant, which does depend on specifics of the underlying short-distance dynamics, but does not depend on the energy asymmetry parameter e. Thus the functional dependence of the decay rate on e is universally determined in the considered limit of small e.
Pivotal role for the mTOR pathway in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps via regulation of autophagy

Autophagy is an essential cellular mechanism for cell homeostasis and survival by which damaged cellular proteins are sequestered in autophagosomal vesicles and cleared through lysosomal machinery. The autophagy pathway also plays an important role in immunity and inflammation via pathogen clearance mechanisms mediated by immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. In particular, recent studies have revealed that autophagic activity is required for the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), representing a distinct form of active neutrophil death, namely NETosis. Although NET formation is beneficial during host defense against invading pathogens, the mechanisms that promote excessive NETosis under pathological conditions remain ill defined. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in NETosis. As mTOR kinase is known as a key regulator of autophagy in many mammalian cells including neutrophils, we hypothesized that mTOR may play a regulatory role in NET release by regulating autophagic activity. Our data show that the pharmacological inhibition of the mTOR pathway accelerated the rate of NET release following neutrophil stimulation with the bacteria-derived peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), while autophagosome formation was enhanced by mTOR inhibitors. This increased mTOR-dependent NET release was sensitive to inhibition of respiratory burst or blockade of cytoskeletal dynamics. Overall, this study demonstrates a pivotal role for the mTOR pathway in coordinating intracellular signaling events downstream of neutrophil activation leading to NETosis.
Excitotoxicity and Dopaminergic Dysfunction in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex: Therapeutic Implications

• Human immunodeficiency virus infection is frequently complicated by a syndrome of central nervous system dysfunction known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex (ADC). The ADC is characterized by abnormalities in cognition, motor performance, and behavior, and it produces serious morbidity in a significant number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The pathogenesis of ADC is unclear, but appears to be caused by the human immunodeficiency virus itself, rather than by a secondary opportunistic process. Herein, we review the data regarding the pathogenesis of ADC and hypothesize a mechanism involving excitotoxicity and dopaminergic dysfunction.N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists may be of therapeutic benefit, as these agents may both limit glutamate-mediated neuronal dysfunction and improve dopaminergic neuronal function.
Symptomatic Obstruction of the Brachiocephalic and Left Subclavian Arteries Obscured by Aortic Stenosis

Stenosis or occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery represents an uncommon cause of cerebrovascular insufficiency. We report a patient with combined brachiocephalic and left subclavian obstruction with clinical manifestations of lightheadedness, syncope, and left-sided weakness who remained misdiagnosed essentially because of symmetrical pressures in the upper extremities. Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis failed to provide symptomatic relief. Eventual stenting of the brachiocephalic trunk resolved the patient's symptoms. Our report highlights the diagnostic challenges in this case of bilateral supraaortic vessel disease and shows that equal upper extremity pressures do not rule out brachiocephalic artery obstruction.
Estrogen and progesterone interaction in the regulation of scent marking in the female Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Abstract Ovariectomized female gerbils were treated with either 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 μg estradiol benzoate (EB) followed in 36 hr by either 0, 250, 500 or 1000 μg progesterone. The animals were tested for ventral scent marking nine hr after progesterone treatment. Treatment with 20, 40 or 80 μg EB resulted in a significant increase in marking in the ovariectomized female for each dose of progesterone used. One hundred and sixty μg EB was not effective while 80 μg was the most effective dose at each dose of progesterone. There were no differences among the 80 μg EB groups in mean marking frequency as long as progesterone was present. Neither estrogen alone nor progesterone alone was effective in stimulating a significant level of marking. An additional sample of ovariectomized females were maintained for four weeks on either 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 40 μg EB and tested for marking each week 45 hr after EB administration. On the fifth week 250 μg progesterone was given each week 36 hr following EB with behavioral testing nine hr later. Such a regime was followed for four weeks. Marking remained at zero levels on weeks one through four. EB + progesterone on weeks five through eight, however, resulted in a significant increase in marking in animals receiving 10 μg EB (mean = 9.0 ± 3.5), 20 μg EB (mean = 6.6 ± 2.5) and 40 μg EB (mean = 9.2 ± 4.2). It was concluded that both estrogen and progesterone were essential for the support of marking in this sample of low-marking females and that since there were no reliable differences between groups receiving different doses of progesterone, estrogen was the primary stimulus controlling marking behavior, with progesterone perhaps playing a modifying role.
Housing market dynamics

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the dynamic behavior of housing markets. I first set out a model in which interest rates affect the implicit rental value of housing and indicate how the latter is related to the stock demand for housing and new construction. Using this model and the actual values of U.S. mortgage interest rates in the late 60's and 70's I then find those values of the model's parameters most consistent with fluctuations in new construction in that period. Finally, I simulate the effects of various shocks to the model.
Ca2+ Sensitizing Troponin T Mutations Linked To Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Increase Apparent Cytosolic Ca2+ Binding

In myocytes, free [Ca2+] is determined by the rate of Ca2+ influx and the Ca2+ buffering properties of the cytosol. Ca2+ binding to myofilaments (primarily Troponin C) represents a major portion of cytosolic Ca2+ buffering. To test the hypothesis that increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity decreases cytosolic free [Ca2+], we studied ventricular myocytes from transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type (WT) and Troponin T mutants (R278C, F110I and I79N). Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was altered in the following order: R278C < WT < F110I < I79N. Intracellular Ca2+ was released by rapid Caffeine application and quantified using the Na-Ca exchanger current intergral. The rise in free cytosolic Ca2+ was smaller in myocytes expressing I79N compared to WT despite the fact that the amount of Ca2+ released was the same. Both Ca2+ sensitizing mutants significantly decreased average Kd, but did not change Bmax. Independently, we quantified Ca2+ influx by integrating L-type Ca2+ current (in 0 Na+ and thapsigargin). Again, the rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ was smaller in I79N than WT. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Ca2+ sensitizing TnT mutants increase cytosolic free Ca2+ binding (by lowering the Kd).View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Laparoscopic surgical exploration is an effective strategy for locating occult primary neuroendocrine tumors.

Abstract Background Many patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have metastases at diagnosis. Despite extensive metastases the primary tumors remain small and difficult to locate. Methods Records of patients diagnosed with metastatic abdominal NETs from 2006 to 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Results of preoperative imaging, procedures, and surgical explorations were compared for their efficacy at finding primary tumors. Results Sixty-three patients were identified. Seventeen percent (11 of 63) of tumors were located by preoperative testing. The sensitivities of preoperative colonoscopy (23% [n = 26]), computed tomography scan (6.7% [n = 60]), and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (2.0% [n = 52]) were low. No tumors were found by magnetic resonance imaging (n = 9), upper endoscopy (n = 24), capsule endoscopy (n = 2), or bronchoscopy (n = 4). Surgical exploration was the most sensitive (79% [n = 63]) method of tumor detection. Seventy-two percent of surgical localizations were laparoscopic. Conclusions Surgical exploration was superior to all other modalities for locating primary NETs. Laparoscopy had a high probability of finding occult primary neuroendocrine tumors.
MRI-GUIDED DISSECTION OF THE NONHUMAN PRIMATE BRAIN: A CASE STUDY

Numerous biochemical as well as electrophysiological techniques require tissue that must be retrieved very quickly following death in order to preserve the physiological integrity of the neuronal environment. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict the precise locations of brain regions of interest (ROI) and to retrieve those areas as quickly as possible following the brain harvest is critical for subsequent analyses. One way to achieve this objective is the utilization of high resolution MRI scans to guide the subsequent dissections. In the present study, individual MRI scans of the brains of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques that had chronically self-administered ethanol were employed in order to determine which blocks of dissected tissue contained specific ROIs. MRI-guided brain dissection of discrete brain regions was completely accurate in 100% of the cases. In comparison, approximately 60–70% accuracy was achieved in dissections that relied on external landmarks alone without the aid of MRI. These results clearly demonstrate that the accuracy of targeting specific brain areas can be improved with high-resolution MR imaging.
Treating cervical cancer: Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act patients.

Objective To investigate cervical cancer treatment of patients enrolled under the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act in Georgia. Study Design Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry and Medicaid enrollment/claims were used to identify enrollees with preinvasive disease (n = 1149) and invasive cervical cancer (n = 444). Logistic regressions were used to estimate factors associated with the odds of receiving: (1) cancer workup, (2) precancerous procedure, (3) surgery, (4) radiation, and (5) chemotherapy. Results Preinvasive disease cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3, in situ, a comorbidity or without a Commission on Cancer approved hospital nearby were more likely to receive surgery. Among invasive cases, later stage was associated with higher odds of receiving radiation or chemotherapy. Black patients were less likely to have surgery than white patients regardless of preinvasive ( P P = .05). Conclusion Treatment patterns among Georgia Medicaid cases appear appropriate to stage but 18% with invasive cervical cancer received no cancer treatment, although Medicaid enrolled.
Hypotaurine: regulation of production in seminal vesicles and prostate of guinea-pig by testosterone.

Hypotaurine: Regulation of Production in Seminal Vesicles and Prostate of Guinea-pig by Testosterone
Analysis of Death Receptor 5 and Caspase-8 Expression in Primary and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Impact

Death receptor 5 (DR5) and caspase-8 are major components in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The alterations of the expression of these proteins during the metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and their prognostic impact have not been reported. The present study analyzes the expression of DR5 and caspase-8 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in primary and metastatic HNSCCs and their impact on patient survival. Tumor samples in this study included 100 primary HNSCC with no evidence of metastasis, 100 primary HNSCC with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and 100 matching LNM. IHC analysis revealed a significant loss or downregulation of DR5 expression in primary tumors with metastasis and their matching LNM compared to primary tumors with no evidence of metastasis. A similar trend was observed in caspase-8 expression although it was not statistically significant. Downregulation of caspase-8 and DR5 expression was significantly correlated with poorly differentiated tumors compared to moderately and well differentiated tumors. Univariate analysis indicates that, in HNSCC with no metastasis, higher expression of caspase-8 significantly correlated with better disease-free survival and overall survival. However, in HNSCC with LNM, higher caspase-8 expression significantly correlated with poorer disease-free survival and overall survival. Similar results were also generated when we combined both DR5 and caspase-8. Taken together, we suggest that both DR5 and caspase-8 are involved in regulation of HNSCC metastasis. Our findings warrant further investigation on the dual role of caspase-8 in cancer development.
Fusion neutron effects on magnetoresistivity of copper stabilizer materials

Abstract We have measured the changes which occur in the magnetoresistivity of coppers (having various purities and pretreatments) at magnetic fields up to 12 T during the course of sequential fusion neutron irradiations at about 4 K and anneals to room temperature. In conjunction with work in progress by Coltman and Klabunde of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the results should lead to engineering design data for the stabilizers of superconducting magnets in fusion reactors. These magnets are expected to be irradiated during reactor operation and warmed to room temperature periodically during maintenance.
Predicted CALET measurements of ultra-heavy cosmic ray relative abundances

Abstract The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is an imaging calorimeter under construction for launch to the ISS in 2014 for a planned 5 year mission. CALET consists of a charge detection module (CHD) with two segmented planes of 1 cm thick plastic scintillator, an imaging calorimeter (IMC) with a total of 3 radiation lengths ( X ∘ ) of tungsten plates read out with 8 planes of interleaved scintillating fibers, and a total absorption calorimeter (TASC) with 27 X ∘ of lead tungstate (PWO) logs. The primary objectives of the instrument are to measure electron energy spectra from 1 GeV to 20 TeV, to detect gamma-rays above 10 GeV, and to measure the energy spectra of nuclei from protons through iron up to 1,000 TeV. In this paper we describe how the geomagnetic field at the 51.6° inclination orbit of the ISS can be used to allow CALET to measure the rare ultra-heavy (UH) cosmic ray (CR) abundances, which provide important clues for the CR source and acceleration mechanism. The CHD scintillator response is relatively insensitive to energy above minimum ionization, and the angle-dependent rigidity as a function of geomagnetic latitude can be exploited to discriminate particles above this energy threshold. Such events require corrections for trajectory in instrument that can be made with only the top 4 layers of the IMC, which allows for considerably greater geometric acceptance than for events that require passage through the TASC for energy determination. Using this approach CALET will be able to measure UH CR relative abundances over its expected mission with superior statistics to previous space instruments.
First VLA Observations of Nonthermal Metric Bursts Associated with Coronal Mass Ejections Detected by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

We present the first observations of nonthermal decimetric burst emission of the Sun using the new 400 cm (74 MHz) system at the VLA. Our VLA observations were carried out in collaboration with the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) and the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. Full-disk observations at 400 and 91 cm were used to study the spatial and temporal variations of nonthermal radio bursts during coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected by LASCO as well as transient extreme-ultraviolet brightenings detected by the EIT. VLA snapshot maps at 400 cm revealed impulsive burst emission in the low corona that began near the estimated start time of the CME activity; that beginning also coincided with a C1.1 GOES X-ray burst and an EIT flarelike brightening. The nonthermal metric bursts then continued sporadically during the next several hours, which included the ejection of spatially separated CME components. The 400 cm bursts are contained within curved, or archlike, sources at a fixed radial distance but with a varying position between two active regions detected by the EIT near the limb, suggesting that they were emitted within large-scale magnetic loops. Our 91 cm observations also show the onset of a long-lasting type I noise storm following the initiation of CME activity, again suggesting an intimate relationship between the production of nonthermal particles and large-scale evolving plasma-magnetic field structures in the corona.
PRES: pseudo-random encoding scheme to increase the bit flip reduction in the memory

Nonvolatile memory technologies such as Phase Change Memory (PCM) and Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) are emerging as promising replacements to DRAM. Before deploying STT-RAM and PCM into functional systems, a number of challenges still remain. Specifically, both require relatively high write energy, STT-RAM suffers from high bit error rates and PCM suffers from low endurance. A common solution to overcome those challenges is to minimize the number of bits changed per write. In this work, we introduce Pseudo-Random Encoding Scheme (PRES) to minimize the number of bit changes during memory writes. PRES maps the write data vector into an intermediate highly random set of data vectors. Subsequently, the intermediate data vector that yields the least number of differences when compared to the currently stored data is selected. Our evaluation shows that PRES reduces bit flips by up to 25% over a baseline differential writing scheme. Further, PRES reduces bit flips by 15% over the leading bit-flip minimization scheme, while decreasing encoding and decoding complexities by more than 90%.
Risk factors for mortality in patients with upper extremity and internal jugular deep venous thrombosis.

Objective To elucidate the natural history of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT), we examined factors that may contribute to the high mortality associated with UEDVT. Methods Five hundred forty-six patients were diagnosed with acute internal jugular/subclavian/axillary deep venous thrombosis from January 1992 to June 2003 by duplex scanning at our institution. There were 329 women (60%). The mean age ± SD was 68 ± 17 years (range, 1–101 years). Risk factors for UEDVT were the presence of a central venous catheter or pacemaker in 327 patients (60%) and a history of malignancy in 119 patients (22%). Risk factors for mortality within 2 months of the diagnosis of UEDVT that were analyzed included age, sex, presence of a central venous catheter or pacemaker, history of malignancy, location of UEDVT, concomitant lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, systemic anticoagulation, placement of a superior vena caval filter, and pulmonary embolism. Results The overall mortality rate at 2 months was 29.6%. The number of patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism by positive ventilation/perfusion scan or computed tomographic scan was 26 (5%). The presence of a central venous catheter or pacemaker ( P P = .04), not undergoing systemic anticoagulation ( P = .002), and the placement of a superior vena caval filter ( P = .02) were associated with mortality within 2 months of the diagnosis of UEDVT by univariate analysis. Pulmonary embolism ( P = .42), sex ( P = .65), and a history of malignancy ( P = .96) were not. Conclusions These data suggest that the high associated mortality of UEDVT may be due to the underlying characteristics of the patients' disease process and may not be a direct consequence of the UEDVT itself.
Negative chemotaxis does not control quail neural crest cell dispersion

Negative chemotaxis has been proposed to direct dispersion of amphibian neural crest cells away from the neural tube (V. C. Twitty, 1949, Growth 13(Suppl. 9), 133-161). We have reexamined this hypothesis using quail neural crest and do not find evidence for it. When pigmented or freshly isolated neural crest cells are covered by glass shards to prevent diffusion of a "putative" chemotactic agent away from the cells and into the medium, we find a decrease in density of cells beneath the coverslip as did Twitty and Niu (1948, J. Exp. Zool. 108, 405-437). Unlike those investigators, however, we find the covered cells move slower than uncovered cells and that the decrease in density can be attributed to cessation of cell division and increased cell death in older cultures, rather than directed migration away from each other. In cell systems where negative chemotaxis has been demonstrated, a "no man's land" forms between two confronted explants (Oldfield, 1963, Exp. Cell Res. 30, 125-138). No such cell-free space forms between confronted neural crest explants, even if the explants are closely covered to prevent diffusion of the negative chemotactic material. If crest cell aggregates are drawn into capillary tubes to allow accumulation of the putative material, the cells disperse farther, the wider the capillary tube bore. This is contrary to what would be expected if dispersion depended on accumulation of this material. Also, no difference in dispersion is noted between cells in the center of the tubes versus cells near the mouth of the tubes where the tube medium is freely exchanging with external fresh medium. Alternative hypotheses for directionality of crest migration in vivo are discussed.