cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embryonic origin of the imaginal discs of the head of Drosophila melanogaster

The embryonic development of the primordia of the Drosophila head was studied by using an enhancer trap line expressed in these structures from embryonic stage 13 onward. Particular attention was given to the question of how the adult head primordia relate to the larval head segments. The clypeo-labral bud to the stage 13 embryo is located at a lateral position in the labrum adjacent to the labral sensory complex ("epiphysis"). Both clypeo-labral bud and sensory complex are located anterior to the engrailed-expression domain of the labrum. Throughout late embryogenesis and the larval period, the clypeo-labral bud forms integral part of the epithelium lining the roof of the atrium. The labial disc originates from the lateral labial segment adjacent to the labial sensory complex ("hypophysis"). It partially overlaps with the labial en-domain. After head involution, the labial disc forms a small pocket in the ventro-lateral wall of the atrium. The eye-antenna disc develops from a relatively large territory occupying the dorso-posterior part of the procephalic lobe, as well as parts of the dorsal gnathal segments. Cells in this territory are greatly reduced in number by cell death during stages 12-14. After head involution, the presumptive eye-antenna disc occupies a position in the lateral-posterior part of the dorsal pouch. Evagination of this tissue occurs during the first hours after hatching. In the embryo, no en-expression is present in the presumptive eye-antenna disc. en-expression starts in three separate regions in the third instar larva.
Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline poly(N‐acylethyleneimine)s

Abstract : The synthesis of three cyclic imino ethers containing mesogenic groups attached to the heterocyclic unit through flexible spacers described. Cationic ring opening isomerization polymerization of the two of them, i.e., 2-(4-(4-meth-oxy-4'-biphenyloxy)butyl)-2-oxazoline (MeOBiph-4-Oxz) and 2-(6-(4-methoxy-4'-bi-phenyloxy)hexyl)-2-oxazoline (MeOBiPh-6-Oxz) provided thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) poly(N-acylethylene-imine)s, while the polymerization of 2-(4-(4-phenylphenoxy) butyl)-2-oxazoline (BiPh-4-Oxz) led to a crystalline polymer.
New species of Rhodostemonodaphne (Lauraceae) from northeastern South America

Seven new species of Lauraceae from Surinam, French Guiana, and Amapa (northeastern Brazil), are described and illustrated. These areRhodostemonodaphne elephantopus, R. Leptoclada, R. morri, R. revolutifolia, R. rufovirgata, R. saulensis, andR. scandens.
When to refer to another surgeon.

You are a busy vascular surgeon located in a large community hospital 2 miles from a world-renowned cardiovascular center specializing in complex aortic surgery. A patient whom you have previously treated just presented in your emergency department with a tender but hemodynamically stable 10-cm thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. A computed tomography scan shows extravascular blood. The patient and his family trust you and insist that they want the patient to remain under your care. You are an excellent technical surgeon, but you haven’t repaired a thoracoabdominal aneurysm since residency. What is the most ethical course of action? A. Send the patient directly to the specialty center. B. If you believe that the outcome will be satisfactory, take the patient to the operating room. C. Explain the situation to the patient, and let him choose where he wishes to have his surgery. D. You must understand your limits, and you base your decision accordingly. E. Recommend that a more qualified surgeon perform the operation and, with the patient’s consent, arrange transfer to the specialty center.
A 2GHz Digital PLL, with temperature lock range of −40°C to 125°C, in 45nm CMOS

A 2GHz, ring-oscillator based Digital PLL (DPLL) with temperature lock range of −40°C to 125°C is presented here. The Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) of the DPLL consists of a current mode Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) followed by a Current Controlled Oscillator (ICO). The current mode DAC is designed such that the outputs of any two adjacent current elements can be progressively brought out for separate ΣΔ operation. This increases the DAC range and hence the DPLL temperature lock range, even as the ΣΔ step size and range are kept small to minimize jitter. The DPLL achieves a phase noise of −90dBC/Hz at 1MHz offset for 2GHz operation. It supports an input frequency range of 0.5MHz to 50MHz, occupies a core area of 0.09mm2 and consumes 7.2mW.
Recognition of Depression in the Older Adult

Abstract Depression is relatively common in late life often going unrecognized and undertreated. Symptoms of depression may erroneously be viewed as a normal consequence of aging and attributed to multiple medical problems. Depressive symptoms are insidious, taking the form of bodily complaints that become the primary focus of attention by health care providers. Failure to recognize and properly treat depression contributes to a poor quality of life and can have serious repercussions resulting in excess disability, deteriorating medical health status and higher than average suicide rates. Occupational therapists in all practice areas have a role to play in early recognition and screening for depression in older adults. Knowledge of risk factors is essential. Employing assessments to screen for depression, suicide and hopelessness are important in the routine evaluation of older adults and are described in this article.
Transient Massive Trimethylaminuria Associated with Food Protein–Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome

Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by excessive excretion into body fluids and breath of unoxidized trimethylamine (TMA) derived from the enterobacterial metabolism of dietary precursors. The condition is caused by deficiency of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) which leads to impairment of hepatic TMA oxidation to the odorless trimethylamine N-oxide. Secondary TMAU is due to substrate overload in individuals with genetically determined reduced enzyme activity. Food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is characterized by recurrent episodes of emesis, diarrhea, dehydration, and lethargy after ingestion of offending foods. Its pathophysiology involves local non-IgE-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to increased intestinal permeability. We report on an 8-month-old male who presented with typical episodes of FPIES associated with intense fish-like body odor. Further investigation in our patient revealed massive urinary TMA excretion during acute FPIES presentation and complete normalization between these episodes. The patient was found to be heterozygous for a novel, paternally inherited nonsense p.Tyr331X mutation and for two maternally inherited common polymorphisms, E158K and E308G, in the FMO3 gene. We propose that our patient was able to cope with the daily burden of TMA, but when challenged with substrate overload, he failed to oxidize TMA due to limited reserve enzyme capacity. We discuss the pathophysiology of TMAU and FPIES and suggest potential mechanisms for the clinical and biochemical findings. Our report illustrates the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in TMAU and sheds light on the pathophysiology of FPIES.
A community like Philadelphia

This essay argues that critical applications of queer theory must extend beyond questions of the authenticity of sexual representation. Given that social norms regarding sexuality are constructed, critical approaches should examine the power relations that inform these constructions. This essay contends that rhetorical theory can contribute to the investigation of sexuality, and offers as an example an analysis of mainstream media representations of the homosexual “community.” The presentation of this community operates rhetorically, inviting audiences to view sexuality as a question of family morality, while also advocating an economic and ethnic hierarchy.
Building Suspense: Spaces, Boundaries, and Drama in Hitchchock's Rear Window and Psycho

Cultural producers, including screenwriters and film directors, create fictional and imagined spaces as the locations – and sometimes subjects – of the stories they tell. Through the depiction of characters interacting with fictional spaces, storytellers illuminate the significance of spatial relationships in the real world. An examination of spaces in fictional narratives can therefore reveal a great deal about the spaces we inhabit in our everyday lives. One storyteller who has frequently used both natural and man-made spatial environments as catalysts for drama is the “Master of Suspense” himself, film director Alfred Hitchcock. By taking a close look at two Hitchcock films in which the built environment is especially significant, this article demonstrates the importance of architectural, geographic, and social spaces in the context of Hitchcock’s work. In particular, I consider the ways that these films draw on both physical and symbolic boundaries as a way of generating tension and enhancing suspense. The setting of Rear Window (1954) is inseparable from the film’s commentary on the physical and social divisions between public and private, while the setting of Psycho (1960) emphasizes and materializes the issues of duality that are central to the film. I argue that Hitchcock’s use of space – both the design of the sets and the way that he stages action within them – plays a crucial role in the development of suspense within both films. By drawing on societal anxieties about the tenuous nature of cultural boundaries and the dangers of crossing such boundaries, Hitchcock offers material expressions of existing fears in order to enhance the suspense within his narratives.
Who Benefits from a Bull Market? An Analysis of Employee Stock Option Grants and Stock Prices

Stock option grants to top executives and to employees below the top executive ranks have risen rapidly with stock prices in recent years. This paper examines the growth in stock option grants at S&P 1500 companies between 1996 and 1999, and estimates the pay-for-performance sensitivities of the value of new option grants for top executives and, separately, for employees below the top executive levels. In our framework, options are a reward for past performance, leading to a positive relationship between firms' stock prices and the value of new option grants. We find substantial sensitivities for both sets of employees, but they are larger for employees below the top executive levels. Moreover, in contrast to top executives, the sensitivities for employees below the senior management levels do not differ by whether firm stock prices have risen or fallen. The greater sensitivity of option grant values to stock prices for employees below the top ranks is consistent with greater demand for options following price increases, and less willingness to accept options when past performance has been poor. We also find that new grants at larger firms are related to industry performance, consistent with more competitive markets for top executive talent to manage large organizations as industry conditions improve.
Symmetry of the femoral notch width index

A small femoral notch width index has been reported as a predictive factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury and implicated in the higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Notch-plasty has been recommended for the unaffected knees of patients who have torn one anterior cruciate ligament and whose notch width index falls one standard deviation below "normal". However, the symmetry of the notch width index has not been specifically studied. We compared the notch width index in both knees of 40 male and 40 female patients. Half of the patients in each group had anterior cruciate ligament injuries, all from a noncontact mechanism. We found that the notch width indexes of the right and left knees of the same patient are essentially symmetrical, regardless of sex or anterior cruciate ligament status. Although the female patients tended to have smaller notch width indexes than the male patients, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, the ranges of notch width indexes in male and female patients overlapped considerably. Finally, there was no difference in notch width index between patients with and without anterior cruciate ligament tears. These findings suggest that the notch width index alone is not the critical etiologic factor in the patient with a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament tear. Furthermore, the increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears in female patients compared with male patients in the same sports cannot be attributed to notch width index alone.
Retreatability of a bioceramic root canal sealing material

Abstract Introduction The efficacy of retreatment techniques for BC Sealer (BCS) (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) removal has not yet been assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of solvent and rotary instrumentation in the removal of BCS when used in combination with gutta-percha (GP) as compared with AH Plus sealer (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK). Methods The mesiobuccal canals of 40 mandibular molars were instrumented and obturated with either GP/AH Plus with warm vertical compaction or GP/BCS using a single cone. The groups were subdivided into samples with the master GP cone placed to the working length (WL) or intentionally 2 mm short of the WL. Canals were then retreated using heat, chloroform, rotary instruments, and hand files. The ability to regain the WL and patency were evaluated as well as the time required to remove obturation material. Representative samples were also analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. Results The WL was not regained in 70% of samples with BCS/master cone short of the WL. Patency was not re-established in 20% of samples with BCS/master cone to the WL or in 70% of samples with BCS/master cone short of the WL. Conclusions Conventional retreatment techniques are not able to fully remove BCS.
DEAD ZONES ENHANCE KEY FISHERIES SPECIES BY PROVIDING PREDATION REFUGE

Natural stress gradients can reduce predation intensity and increase prey abundances. Whether the harsh conditions of anthropogenic habitat degradation can similarly reduce predation intensity and structure community dynamics remains largely unexplored. Oxygen depletion in coastal waters (hypoxia) is a form of degradation that has recently emerged as one of the greatest threats to coastal ecosystems worldwide due to increased rates of eutrophication and climate change. I conducted field experiments and surveys to test whether relaxed predation could explain the paradoxically high abundance of clams that have sustained a fishery in a degraded estuary with chronic hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia reduced predation on all experimental species but enhanced the long-term survivorship of only sufficiently hypoxia-tolerant prey due to periodic extreme conditions. As a consequence, only the harvested quahog clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) thrived in hypoxic areas that were otherwise rendered dead zones with depauperate diversity and low abundances of other species. This suggests that enhanced populations of some key species may be part of a predictable nonlinear community response that sustains ecosystem services and masks overall downward trends of habitat degradation.
When the Messenger Is the Message: Readers' Impressions of Writers' Personalities.

Although social psychologists have studied how people form impressions of others either through viewing them, listening to them speak, or reading written descriptions of them, researchers have not ...
GIRARD AND THE SPACES OF APOCALYPTIC

This article examines the apocalyptic turn evident in Rene Girard's Battling to the End (2009), which puts an exclamation point on what has been an increasing tendency in Girard's thought. Its general aim is to describe Girard's particular form of biblical apocalyptic. Toward that end, (a) it unfolds Girard's arguments against other apocalyptic contenders, including Hegel and Heidegger; (b) it opens up a space of conversation with other forms of apocalyptic thought (e.g. Johann Baptist Metz and, more controversially, Emmanuel Levinas); and (c) in and through Girard's affirmation of Benedict XVI, raises the question of whether there is a structural symmetry between their thought, and whether both articulate a form of Augustinian apocalyptic.
Computationally Efficient Methods of Collocating Satellite, Aircraft, and Ground Observations

Abstract The usefulness of measurements from satellite-borne instruments is enhanced if these measurements can be compared to measurements from other instruments mounted aboard the same or different satellite, with measurements from aircraft, or with ground measurements. The process of associating measurements from disparate instruments and platforms is referred to as collocation. In a few cases, two instruments mounted aboard the same spacecraft have been engineered to function in tandem, but commonly this is not the case. The collocation process may then become an awkward geometric problem of finding which of many observations within one dataset corresponds to an observation in another set, possibly from another platform. This paper presents methods that can be applied to a wide range of satellite, aircraft, and surface measurements that allow for efficient collocation with measurements having varying spatial and temporal sampling. Examples of applying the methods are presented that highlight the benefi...
A qualitative examination of health and health care utilization after the September 11th terror attacks among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees.

Many individuals who have 9/11-related physical and mental health symptoms do not use or are unaware of 9/11-related health care services despite extensive education and outreach efforts by the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry (the Registry) and various other organizations. This study sought to evaluate Registry enrollees’ perceptions of the relationship between physical and mental health outcomes and 9/11, as well as utilization of and barriers to 9/11-related health care services. Six focus groups were conducted in January 2010 with diverse subgroups of enrollees, who were likely eligible for 9/11-related treatment services. The 48 participants were of differing race/ethnicities, ages, and boroughs of residence. Qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts was conducted using open coding and the identification of recurring themes. Participants described a variety of physical and mental symptoms and conditions, yet their knowledge and utilization of 9/11 health care services were low. Participants highlighted numerous barriers to accessing 9/11 services, including programmatic barriers (lack of program visibility and accessibility), personal barriers such as stigmatization and unfamiliarity with 9/11-related health problems and services, and a lack of referrals from their primary care providers. Moreover, many participants were reluctant to connect their symptoms to the events of 9/11 due to lack of knowledge, the amount of time that had elapsed since 9/11, and the attribution of current health symptoms to the aging process. Knowledge of the barriers to 9/11-related health care has led to improvements in the Registry’s ability to refer eligible enrollees to appropriate treatment programs. These findings highlight areas for consideration in the implementation of the new federal WTC Health Program, now funded under the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act (PL 111-347), which includes provisions for outreach and education.
High-performance task distribution for volunteer computing

Volunteer computing projects use a task server to manage work. Clients periodically communicate with the server to report completed tasks and get new tasks. The rate at which the server can dispatch tasks may limit the computing power available to the project. This paper discusses the design of the task server in BOINC, a middleware system for volunteer computing. We present measurements of the CPU time and disk I/O used by a BOINC server, and show that a server consisting of a single inexpensive computer can distribute on the order of 8.8 million tasks per day. With two additional computers this increases to 23.6 million tasks per day
Error propagation equations for estimating the uncertainty in high-speed wind tunnel test results

Error propagation equations, based on the Taylor series model, are derived for the nondimensional ratios and coefficients most often encountered in high-speed wind tunnel testing. These include pressure ratio and coefficient, static force and moment coefficients, dynamic stability coefficients, and calibration Mach number. The error equations contain partial derivatives, denoted as sensitivity coefficients, which define the influence of free-steam Mach number, M{infinity}, on various aerodynamic ratios. To facilitate use of the error equations, sensitivity coefficients are derived and evaluated for five fundamental aerodynamic ratios which relate free-steam test conditions to a reference condition.
The murine Bapx1 homeobox gene plays a critical role in embryonic development of the axial skeleton and spleen.

Our previous studies in both mouse and human identified the Bapx1 homeobox gene, a member of the NK gene family, as one of the earliest markers for prechondrogenic cells that will subsequently undergo mesenchymal condensation, cartilage production and, finally, endochondral bone formation. In addition, Bapx1 is an early developmental marker for splanchnic mesoderm, consistent with a role in visceral mesoderm specification, a function performed by its homologue bagpipe, in Drosophila. The human homologue of Bapx1 has been identified and mapped to 4p16.1, a region containing loci for several skeletal diseases. Bapx1 null mice are affected by a perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia and asplenia, with severe malformation or absence of specific bones of the vertebral column and cranial bones of mesodermal origin, with the most severely affected skeletal elements corresponding to ventral structures associated with the notochord. We provide evidence that the failure of the formation of skeletal elements in Bapx1 null embryos is a consequence of a failure of cartilage development, as demonstrated by downregulation of several molecular markers required for normal chondroblast differentiation (α 1(II) collagen, Fgfr3, Osf2, Indian hedgehog, Sox9), as well as a chondrocyte-specific alpha1 (II) collagen-lacZ transgene. The cartilage defects are correlated with failed differentiation of the sclerotome at the time when these cells are normally initiating chondrogenesis. Loss of Bapx1 is accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cell death in affected tissues, although cell cycling rates are unaltered.
Neurorehabilitation after neonatal intensive care: evidence and challenges

Neonatologists and paediatric providers of developmental care have documented poor neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants who have received neonatal intensive care due to prematurity, perinatal neurological insults such as asphyxia or congenital anomalies such as congenital heart disease. In parallel, developmental specialists have researched treatment options in these high-risk children. The goal of this review is connect the main categories of poor outcomes (sensory and motor function, cognition, communication, behaviour) studied by neonatal intensive care follow-up specialists to the research focused on improving these outcomes. We summarise challenges in designing diagnostic and interventional approaches in infants <2 years of age and review the evidence for existing therapies and future treatments aimed at improving functionality.
Timing Contributions To State Educational Savings Plans

State educational savings plans have become increasingly popular with families saving for college because contributions grow tax free. Many states also allow contributions to be deducted under the state income tax but with an annual limit. This state tax subsidy creates a dilemma for moderately wealthy investors: contribute a large sum now or limit this year’s contribution to free funds for future annual deductions? This study calculates how tax rates, time horizons, and rates of return determine one’s choice.
Corporate Reputation And Technical Efficiency: Evidence From The Chemical And Business Services Industries

Recent financial scandals have created uneasiness in our financial markets. This resulting crisis of confidence increases the importance of reliably assessing firm performance. How can investors and creditors confidently assess firm performance? Can firm reputation provide signals about firm performance and efficiency? The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between corporate reputation and efficiency, a dimension of firm performance. We obtain a measure of a firm’s technical efficiency by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric technique. We use firms from America’s Most Admired Companies list of 2006 as our measure of firm reputation. Results support the hypothesis that firms with superior reputation operate more efficiently than matched firms in the business services (SIC = 73) and chemical (SIC = 28) industries. The results should be of interest to managers who engage in behavior leading to or maintaining a positive corporate reputation. Also, the results can increase individual investors’ confidence in investing companies with superior reputation.
Urban Runoff Pollution and Water Quality Planning

Areawide Water Quality Planning under Section 208 of PL 92-500 is supposed to integrate two approaches, first, effluent treatment requirements, and, second, the achieving of stated water quality criteria with control of nonpoint as well as of point sources of pollution. Urban runoff pollution is considered one of the nonpoint sources, although it flows largely through storm and combined sewers. Section 208 planning has been handicapped for lack of adequate data and technology applicable to the highly variable storm flows that characterize urban runoff. Urban runoff pollution includes sediment, BOD, nutrients, heavy metals, and petroleum, most of which occur in particulate form. It is harmful to fish life, but the agents mainly responsible are usually not identified. Planning of remedial measures requires consideration of both steady state and variable flow modeling. Detention storage for combined purposes of flood control and water quality appears to have some possibilities.
Proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements: A Quantification of Its Impact

Literature has frequently evaluated the proliferation of preferential trade agreement (PTAs) by counting the number of PTAs or the share of international trade covered by these agreements. But these indicators have been recently criticized. In this paper, using a CGE model, we attempt to quantify the economic impact (measured by its welfare effect) of the proliferation of PTAs. Results show that the welfare impact of PTAs is limited and often vanishes quickly because preferences are eroded by the proliferation of PTAs. This contrasts with the gains from non-discriminatory liberalization. Therefore we argue that the proliferation of PTAs is unlikely to continue. This paper also has methodological implications for CGE modeling: ignoring the proliferation of PTAs bias significantly the results; and the bias is not only potentially large but also its direction is a priori uncertain.
Ethical Standards of Scientific Research for Beginning Accounting Scholars

Analogous to public and private accounting practice, ethical scientific researchers must maintain the standards of honesty and objectivity as they carry out their scholarly pursuits. Any activities that compromise honesty and objectivity may introduce bias into research. Ethical considerations play a role in all research, and all investigators must be aware of and attend to the ethical considerations related to their studies. A foundation of trust is vital to scientific research. Nevertheless, ethical practice involves much more than merely following a set of guidelines. Ethical issues often have no easy answer. The issues are never black and white. Rather, they are various shades of grey. This article discusses how to ensure that all aspects of proposed research proceed with care and integrity and meet the ethical standards of scientific research.
The Proteins of Chromatin. II. Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins

It has been argued in previous chapters that the histones determine the fundamental structural features of chromatin. However, it must be emphasized that chromatin is a dynamic structure, constantly changing during transcription, replication, mitosis, meiosis, and DNA repair. The histones themselves undergo both partial replacement and major modification during the cell cycle. All of these processes must require the participation of innumerable other proteins in the nuclear milieu.
Spectroscopic Characterization of the α⇌β Crystalline Phase Transition in Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) and its Copolymers with Poly(Tetramethylene Oxide).

The stress-induced crystalline α⇌β phase transition found in poly(butylene terephthalate) and its copolymers with poly(tetramethylene oxide) has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with mechanical measurements. The phase transformation behavior was explained in terms of a cooperative model which considered both intermolecular as well as intramolecular interactions within the crystal. It was shown that the strength of the intramolecular interactions increased with length of the hard segments and that the strength of the intermolecular interactions increased with perfection and lateral size of the crystals. The intermolecular interaction was assumed to be dominated by the interaction between neighboring terephthalate groups. The “mean” intramolecular energy was estimated at 0.40 Kcal/mole. This calculation was based on the potential energy of rotations of a carbonyl group about a benzene-carbonyl bond. Cooperativity between chains diminished when the surface to volume ratio increased above 2 x 10 -2 A -1 .
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE IS SUPERIOR TO CAROTID PLAQUE SCORE FOR PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENTS: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Presence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) events better than carotid wall thickness and plaque presence; however, CAC score has not been compared directly to a carotid plaque score across the spectrum of CVD events. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (CVD
Deformation of sapphire (α-Al2O3) by basal slip and basal twinning below 700°C

Plastic deformation of α-Al2O3 single crystals of several orientations has been performed at intermediate temperatures (400–700°C) under 1.5 GPa hydrostatic confining pressure to activate basal slip and basal and rhombohedral deformation twinning. The Schmid law for basal slip is maintained between 600 and 1500°C. The stress for basal twinning has been determined; its temperature dependence is similar to that of the critical resolved shear stress for basal slip. This suggests that glide of dislocations through the Peierls potential controls both basal slip and basal twinning and further supports the double-cross-slip model for basal twinning in sapphire proposed by Pirouz et al. and He et al.
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus RnpA

Staphylococcus aureus RnpA is thought to be a unique dual functional antimicrobial target that is required for two essential cellular processes, precursor tRNA processing and messenger RNA degradation. Herein, we used a previously described whole cell-based mupirocin synergy assay to screen members of a 53,000 compound small molecule diversity library and simultaneously enrich for agents with cellular RnpA inhibitory activity. A medicinal chemistry-based campaign was launched to generate a preliminary structure activity relationship and guide early optimization of two novel chemical classes of RnpA inhibitors identified, phenylcarbamoyl cyclic thiophene and piperidinecarboxamide. Representatives of each chemical class displayed potent anti-staphylococcal activity, limited the protein’s in vitro ptRNA processing and mRNA degradation activities, and exhibited favorable therapeutic indexes. The most potent piperidinecarboxamide RnpA inhibitor, JC2, displayed inhibition of cellular RnpA mRNA turnover, RnpA-depletion strain hypersusceptibility, and exhibited antimicrobial efficacy in a wax worm model of S. aureus infection. Taken together, these results establish that the whole cell screening assay used is amenable to identifying small molecule RnpA inhibitors within large chemical libraries and that the chemical classes identified here may represent progenitors of new classes of antimicrobials that target RnpA.
Microwave digestion for determination of aluminum, boron, and 13 other elements in plants by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A microwave digestion procedure was developed for determining aluminum and boron and 13 other elements in plant tissues by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The sample (0.5 g) was digested in a closed Teflon vessel with 10 mL concentrated nitric acid and 3 mL hydrofluoric acid, and further digested in an open Teflon vessel with 5 mL hydrogen peroxide. Excess hydrofluoric acid was eliminated by adding 0.2 g silicon (lV) oxide. Four National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials (apple leaves, peach leaves, tomato leaves, and pine needles) were analyzed to test the reliability of the method. The excellent recoveries indicate that the proposed procedure is simple and effective for determination of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn in plants.
Ovarian adrenal rest tumor (masculinovoblastoma) simulating adrenal virilism; report of a case with hormone studies.

Abstract A case of spontaneous virilism caused by an adrenal rest tumor of the ovary in a previously normal menstruating woman is presented and the differential diagnostic approach to the problem of the adrenal genital syndrome considered. Remission of the clinical picture with a lowering of 17-ketosteroid excretion levels on corticoid therapy indicates hyperplasia rather than neoplasia, and the appropriate therapy is medical. Persistent elevation of 17-ketosteroids despite corticoid therapy, as observed in this patient, points to a tumor of either the adrenal cortex or ovary. Here treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. If any doubt is present as to the exact location of the neoplasm, an abdominal approach with examination of the pelvic organs first appears wisest and simplest. Pelvic examination, intravenous pyelogram, and presacral perirenal air insufflation may be helpful in localizing the neoplasm.
Magnetic Microactuators—Techniques and Applications

Since the resonant gate transistor, technology for MEMS has been actively developed, initially based on a conventional semiconductor fabrication method and then, by their own technological evolution from innovative novel micromachining techniques [1]. Among various characteristic mechanisms in the microacutators, electrostatic, magnetic, thermal and piezoelectric actuations have been employed in microactuators. Electrostatic actuators have been most widely used and preferred for relatively small-scale displacement in the range of microns compared to the others. Thermal actuators generate large forces but with disadvantages of high power consumption and slow response time. Piezoelectric actuators show limited deflection ranges from small strains of piezoelectric films. On the other hand, magnetic actuators have drawn attentions due to their long-range force, large deflection and low power consumption. The subject of the microactuator is broad and involves various aspects of investigation. The focus of this chapter is on design, fabrication and application issues of magnetic microactuators.
Robust and efficient insar deformation time series processing

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) methods provide high resolution maps of surface deformation applicable to many scientific, engineering and management studies. Modern spaceborne satellites provide long sequences of observations that we can reduce to many interferograms, which in turn provide the deformation histories of many points on the surface. Here we show how raw radar data, or partially processed single look complex (SLC) images may be precorrected for imaging geometry so that formation of the hundreds of interferograms from an observation sequence is both reliable and efficient. Our approach is to use motion compensation to precisely coregister the images and a common master orbit to compensate for the topographic phase terms so that simple cross multiplication yields the needed interferograms.
Impact of transgene genome location on gene migration from herbicide-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host)

BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum aestivum) (ABD) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) (CD) can cross and produce hybrids that can backcross to either parent. Such backcrosses can result in progeny with chromosomes and/or chromosome segments retained from wheat. Thus, a herbicide resistance gene could migrate from wheat to jointed goatgrass. In theory, the risk of gene migration from herbicide-resistant wheat to jointed goatgrass is more likely if the gene is located on the D genome and less likely if the gene is located on the A or B genome of wheat. RESULTS BC1 populations (jointed goatgrass as a recurrent parent) were analyzed for chromosome numbers and transgene transmission rates under sprayed and non-sprayed conditions. Transgene retention in the non-sprayed BC1 generation for the A, B and D genomes was 84, 60 and 64% respectively. In the sprayed populations, the retention was 81, 59 and 74% respectively. CONCLUSION The gene transmission rates were higher than the expected 50% or less under sprayed and non-sprayed conditions, possibly owing to meiotic chromosome restitution and/or chromosome non-disjunction. Such high transmission rates in the BC1 generation negates the benefits of gene placement for reducing the potential of gene migration from wheat to jointed goatgrass. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Coliphage PRD-1 Survival in Soil

The goal of this study was to quantitatively assess the effects of temperature and soil moisture on the survival of coliphage PRD-1 in soil. PRD-1 was added to sandy loam soil at five different soil moisture levels. The soil seeded with PRD-1 was packed into sterile polyethylene jars and exposed to eight different temperatures in an oven. Samples were collected over 14 to 25 days depending on the temperature. The inactivation rate of PRD-1 increased linearly with increased temperature. The inactivation rate gradually decreased when the soil moisture level decreased from 20.9 to 8.9%. However, the inactivation rate increased when the soil moisture content reached 5.1%, suggesting the existence of an optimal soil moisture condition for PRD-1 survival. It is also possible that there is a threshold soil moisture level below which the inactivation of PRD-1 suddenly increases. Marked reductions in recoveries were observed as the soil moisture approached or fell below 5.0% as a result of evaporation. The increased inactivation of PRD-1 due to strong association with soil particles may have caused rapid reductions in recoveries. The evaporation process appeared to affect PRD-1 survival substantially at higher temperatures whereas little effect was observed at lower temperatures. A model developed from this study predicted PRD-1 survival in subsurface soil in field conditions with an average error of 11.0%.
Scar Avoidance in Removal of Forehead Lipomata: An Endoscopic Approach:

Lipomas are among the most commonly presenting benign forehead masses. They commonly cause cosmetic concerns for patients. The purpose of this report is to introduce a novel endoscopic technique allowing for forehead soft tissue mass removal with superior cosmetic outcomes. We detail a case of a large 3.5-cm lateral forehead lipoma that was successfully removed endoscopically through a single incision via a subtemporoparietal approach. The lipoma presented is the largest documented case removed endoscopically using this approach. We introduce a novel technique using a single incision in the temporal area to remove a forehead mass via a dissection between the temporoparietal fascia and deep temporal fascia. Our broad literature search only found one other report of this approach used for forehead lipoma removal. Our report further validates this approach and highlights its efficacy in removing large masses. Patients with cosmetic concerns about having a facial scar, children, and those with predisposition ...
Recurrence of inhomogeneous random walks

Inhomogeneous random walk means to study the time evolution of a sum of independent vector valued random variables (called “steps”), where we go beyond the traditional framework of Random Walks by dropping the usual condition of “identically distributed steps”. Our results show that genuinely 2-dimensional steps suffice—we do not need identically distributed steps to prove 2-dimensional Polya type theorems. It turns out that we do not even need a whole 2-dimensional random walk: we can guarantee recurrence in a given sparse subsequence of the steps. An interesting example is the two-dimensional simple symmetric random walk on the lattice $$\mathbb {Z}^2$$ , where we can prove recurrence for the sequence of primes; more precisely, for the sets $$\{ p+1{:}\ p\ge 3\ \mathrm{prime}\}$$ , or $$\{ p-1{:}\ p\ge 3\ \mathrm{prime}\}$$ , or $$\{ 2p{:}\ p\ge 3\ \mathrm{prime}\}$$ , etc. (since for return we clearly need a set of even numbers). In this direction we can prove optimal results, describing the class of sparsest subsequences still exhibiting recurrence. In fact, we can prove these best possible results for the larger class of inhomogeneous random walks. We can also prove the one-dimensional analogs, which—not surprisingly—turn out to be easier.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Electron-Doped AgBi3S5 with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity

We report electron-doped AgBi3S5 as a new high-performance nontoxic thermoelectric material. This compound features exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivities of 0.5–0.3 W m–1 K–1 in the temperature range of 300–800 K, which is ascribed to its unusual vibrational properties: “double rattling” phonon modes associated with Ag and Bi atoms. Chlorine doping at anion sites acts as an efficient electron donor, significantly enhancing the electrical properties of AgBi3S5. In the carrier concentration range (5 × 1018–2 × 1019 cm–3) investigated in this study, the trends in Seebeck coefficient can be reasonably understood using a single parabolic band model with the electron effective mass of 0.22 me (me is the free electron mass). Samples of 0.33% Cl-doped AgBi3S5 prepared by spark plasma sintering show a thermoelectric figure of merit of ∼1.0 at 800 K.
Student Conceptions of International Experience in the Study Abroad Context.

While much of recent study abroad research has focused on identifying and measuring different learning outcomes in terms of specific skills, competencies, perspectives and attributes acquired during study abroad opportunities, less research has considered how students’ deeper conceptions and understandings of international experience may change and develop during such educational encounters. This paper presents a phenomenographical research study that explored how students conceive of and make meaning out of their international education experience in a study abroad context. The data are based on detailed semi-structured interviews conducted with a sample of 28 undergraduate students at an American university who engaged in a variety of different study abroad opportunities. Guided by Variation Theory of Learning, the analysis of the data resulted in a typology of student conceptions of international experience (SCIE) that identified four distinct categories of conceptions of international experience (observing, interacting, participating and embracing) described across three constitutive features (being in the other culture, relating to the other culture and learning in the other culture). Hierarchically related through nine critical aspects of variation, the typology provides a unique and useful framework against which to map the “messiness” of students’ complex, often complicated understandings of their experience. It offers study abroad programmers opportunities to better understand and design student learning experiences and assessment instruments that go beyond competencies, skills and other learning outcomes.
Incorporating Mindfulness in Secular and Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy: Ethical Concerns

Mindfulness has increasingly been incorporated in psychotherapy and spiritually oriented psychotherapy. This incorporation raises important ethical concerns for both practitioners and the psychology profession. Three specific ethical questions underlying the use of mindfulness-based interventions in
Influence of Velotron chainring size on Wingate anaerobic test.

Abstract Objectives This study compared an 85-tooth versus the standard 62-tooth chainring for power outputs during a Wingate test using a Velotron electromagnetically-braked cycle ergometer. Design All participants completed trials using both chainring sizes in a repeated-measures cross-over design. Methods Resistance-trained male participants (n = 20, 24.6 ± 4.5 years) performed two Wingate tests separated by at least 48 h. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), fatigue index (FI), peak cadence, mean cadence, and total work (TW) were recorded. Results Peak power was not significantly different (p = 0.10) between trials (62-tooth = 1111 ± 187 W vs. 85-tooth = 1188 ± 103 W). However, MP, mean cadence, and TW were significantly greater (p Conclusions The two options for chainrings on Velotron cycle ergometers should not be interchangeably used with the Wingate test software; the 62-tooth ring is recommended for most applications. Individuals who can attain peak cadence >180 rpm have less variability and tend to achieve higher power outputs on the 62-tooth ring. We suspect that the manufacturer’s software limits peak cadence to 182 rpm when using the 85-tooth chainring.