cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Thermal Analysis and Gas Release Studies of Apollo 11 Samples.

The liquidus-solidus behavior of Apollo 11 lunar fines and the evolution characteristics of CO, nitrogen, He, Ne, and Ar were investigated by use of the combined techniques of high-vacuum differential thermal analysis (DTA) and mass spectrometry between 100 and 1500 C. The DTA thermogram has shown that the lunar fines undergo partial melting over a broad range of temperature from about 915 to 1300 C, with a significant initial melting of glassy and crystalline components within the fines at about 1140 C. The lunar material becomes a homogeneous melt at about 1300 C.
Crystal-driven distortion of ligands in copper coordination complexes: conformational pseudo-enantiomers.

The ligand in [Cu(6)CH 3 CN]-(ClO 4 ) 2 adopts two conformations that may be described as "pseudo-enantiomers" in that they possess approximately mirror-image molecular helicity, although they differ in the orientation of asingle methyl substituent. The two conformations differ in energy as judged by analogy to other compounds studied previously, computation of the relative free energies of formation of the isomers, and measurement of solution circular dichroism spectra. The solid-state structures of both single enantiomer and racemic forms of the complex were determined by X-ray crystallography. In the chiral complex, a quasi-racemate was observed with both pseudo-enantiomeric conformers present in the asymmetric unit. Packing forces induce a higher energy conformation in order to achieve higher apparent symmetry in the solid state. In contrast, the racemic complex only displayed a single conformation corresponding to the lower energy one of the two observed in the single enantiomer structure.
Characterization and re-use potential of by-products generated from the Ohio State Carbonation and Ash Reactivation (OSCAR) process

Abstract Two novel sorbents (i.e. “regenerated sorbent” and “supersorbent”) for dry flue gas desulfurization were tested, and by-products characterized, using a pilot-scale version of the Ohio State Carbonation and Ash Reactivation (OSCAR) process. The main elements of the process consisted of sorbent production, a riser reactor, cyclone and baghouse. Trace elements, including As, Se and Hg, were found at higher levels in the OSCAR solid by-products (in both the cyclone and baghouse) compared to traditional lime spray dryer (LSD) ash. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected on solid by-products were primarily small molecular weight compounds at low concentration (e.g., μg/kg). Small particulates (⩽3 μm) that escaped from the cyclone and were captured by the baghouse showed higher trace element concentrations, possibly due to the lower operating temperature and greater specific surface area of solids in the baghouse. Operating conditions including flue gas flow rate and sorbent injection rate influenced the levels of trace elements and PAHs in OSCAR by-product material. Capture of PAHs was observed to increase with Ca concentration in experiments using supersorbent injection. However, possible release of PAHs occurred with regenerated sorbent injection. The concentrations of trace elements in leachate for all OSCAR cyclone samples tested were below Resource Conservation and Recovery Act limits. The concentrations of most trace elements in OSCAR by-product were also below the limits regulated in the EPA 503 Rule except As and Se. The similarity in the physical and engineering properties of OSCAR cyclone samples to natural cohesive soils suggests that this material can be utilized in a variety of construction, reclamation, and agricultural applications.
On the coexistence of Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 technologies in real networking environments

Both IEEE 802.11 wireless Ethernet and Bluetooth operate in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. We explore the effects that devices using these communication technologies have on each other when used simultaneously for a wide range of typical networked applications. In contrast to many previous simulation studies on these technologies, our efforts focus on practical experiments using real, physical wireless and Bluetooth networks. Our empirical results clearly demonstrate the actual performance and difficulties users expect to encounter when IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth technologies coexist.
Agentive role of government in African education: North Nyanza, 1890–1920

This paper examines the agentive role of the colonial administration in accessing formal education for Africans in North Nyanza, Kenya from 1890 to 1920. It demonstrates the complexities of the colonial experience in which the ultimate application of policy and practice was shaped by the overriding principle of protection of the economic and political interests of the immigrant settler community. Africans lacked institutional agency in government functioning in the racialised society in this period. The agentive role of the colonial administration in improving conditions for African populations faltered from its earliest conception. The colonial project ultimately fell short of its goal, as the governmental commitment to improving the education for African populations was compromised by the agenda to advance the commercial interest of the colonial empire and the dominant influence of the European settler class.
A mission taxonomy-based approach to planetary rover cost-reliability tradeoffs

Our earlier work on robot mission reliability provides tradeoff analysis between input parameters such as mission success rate, robot team size, and robot component reliability, but only for specific tasks. Here we take a more comprehensive approach in order to draw more general conclusions about robot mission reliability. The approach is based on a mission taxonomy coupled with detailed reliability analysis of each of the resultant mission classes. This paper describes initial work towards that goal.In this paper we present the above-mentioned taxonomy, which divides planetary robotic missions into subgroups with common characteristics with respect to the time proportion of tasks involved in the missions. For a given mission class, we show how a mission designer can obtain the optimum robot configuration in terms of robot team size and component reliability that maximize mission success rate under a budget constraint.
Two new vortex liquids

In 1967, Reatto and Chester1 proposed that solid helium-4 might exhibit superfluidity, and in 1970, Leggett2 suggested what was thought to be a definitive experimental test: to find non-classical rotational inertia in a toroidal sample. More than three decades later, the observation by Kim and Chan3,4 of exactly that effect generated great interest and has been repeated and confirmed by a number of groups. However, many attempts to find actual superflow in truly solid samples have failed. Here, I draw an analogy with a second example of anomalous response to vorticity in a dissipative fluid, the vortex liquid phase in the pseudogap region of high-temperature superconductors, and propose that the solid helium experiments have been mischaracterized: what is observed is not supersolidity but an incompressible vortex liquid. This state is distinct from a conventional liquid in that its properties are dominated by conserved supercurrents flowing around a thermally fluctuating tangle of vortices.
Comparing SIMD and MIMD Programming Modes

The Connection Machine CM-5 supports both SIMD and MIMD programming modes. The SIMD mode is simulated over the MIMD mode. This simulation is likely to lead to a loss of performance in SIMD programs. This paper describes a comparison of the two programming modes with CM Fortran and message-passing Fortran. Two kinds of benchmarks are discussed. The first kind consists of synthetic benchmarks in which we measure time for basic arithmetic operations and communication time. The second kind consists of application benchmarks. The experimental results conclusively show that message-passing Fortran performs considerably better than CM Fortran. While the CM-5 is obsolete, these issues show up in the T3D and other current machines.
Low-latitude ionospheric disturbance electric field effects during the recovery phase of the 19–21 October 1998 magnetic storm

[1] Low-latitude ionospheric electric fields and currents are often strongly disturbed during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. These perturbations can last for several hours after geomagnetic quieting. We use incoherent scatter radar measurements from Jicamarca and Arecibo during 19–21 October 1998 to study, for the first time, the low-latitude disturbance electric fields during the recovery phase of a large magnetic storm. On 19 October the Jicamarca data showed initially large and short-lived (time scale of about 10–20 min) upward and westward drift perturbations in the early afternoon sector, due to the penetration of strong magnetospheric electric fields probably driven by an increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Following the decrease of auroral activity, very strong afternoon and nighttime zonal and vertical disturbance dynamo drifts were observed over Jicamarca but, surprisingly, only small and sporadic perturbation drifts were present over Arecibo. The latitudinal variation of the daytime zonal disturbance dynamo drifts during this day is in good agreement with that previously observed for thermospheric disturbance winds. The disturbance dynamo drifts also indicate significantly different local, storm time, and possibly latitudinal dependences for their vertical/perpendicular and zonal drift components, suggesting large variations in both the amplitude and direction of the disturbance dynamo electric field vector. In the next day, during moderately disturbed conditions, the daytime perturbation drifts were small, but following transient increases in geomagnetic activity, large upward/perpendicular drifts were observed near dusk over Jicamarca and Arecibo, where simultaneous westward perturbation drifts were also seen. These perturbations are consistent with the occurrence of strong prompt penetration electric fields reaching the magnetic equator. The measured prompt penetration drift patterns are generally in good agreement with predictions from global convection models. Later at night, under moderately disturbed conditions, relatively large zonal and meridional disturbance dynamo electric fields were observed by the two radars. Our results illustrate the large variability of the low-latitude perturbation electric fields relative to their climatological values after large storms, probably due to the importance of additional disturbance processes. They also indicate that a much deeper understanding of solar-wind/magnetospheric/ionospheric processes is required for accurate predictions of these electric fields.
Controlled release of ethacrynic acid from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) films for glaucoma treatment

Ethacrynic acid (ECA) is a potential glaucoma drug that can reduce intraocular pressure. However, conventional methods of ECA administration may cause toxicity to normal eye tissues and are inconvenient to patients. Therefore, we developed and characterized an ECA loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer film, and quantified the therapeutic efficacy of the film implanted in the rabbit eye. In the aqueous medium, the release of ECA from the PLGA50:50 film was time dependent and more than 90% of ECA was released within a week. This release profile was consistent with the kinetics of water uptake and microstructural changes of PLGA50:50 films as revealed by an electron microscopy examination. ECA release and PLGA degradation caused a gradual pH decrease in the release medium. The total pH decrease was 0.4 unit in 3 days. We also observed that the initial rate of ECA release was positively correlated with the weight ratio of ECA versus PLGA and inversely correlated with the molar ratio of lactide versus glycolide in PLGA films. At the end of a 3-day incubation, the cumulative release of ECA from PLGA50:50, PLGA85:15 and PLGA100:00 films were 78.8%, 9.35% and 3.60%, respectively. When the PLGA50:50 film loaded with ECA was implanted into the sclera of rabbit eyes, the intraocular pressure was significantly reduced and the reduction was maintained for at least 10 days. These data indicate that PLGA films have a potential to be used as a controlled ECA release device for glaucoma treatment.
WISC-R Arithmetic Subtest Performance of Mathematically Handicapped and Non-Mathematically Handicapped LD Students as a Function of Presentation/Response Behaviors and Vocabulary Interactions.

This investigation examined the effectiveness of the WISC-R Arithmetic Subtest in identifying an arithmetically learning disabled population from a larger population of learning disabled sixth graders. Specifically investigated were the influences of presentation/response behaviors and vocabulary levels. The purpose of the investigation was to examine: (1) any significant differences between groups on the subtest; (2) the effects of vocabulary level upon performance; (3) the effects of presentation/response behaviors upon performance; and (4) the effects of the interaction of vocabulary and presentation/response behaviors upon performance. Three areas of significant difference emerged. The results are discussed relative to their implications for instructional options and assessment methodologies. Directions for further research are suggested.
Interleukin-1β, human leukocyte antigen HLA-DRα, and transforming growth factor-β expression in endom trium, placenta, and placental membranes

Maternal immune recognition of the fetal semiallograft appears to be necessary and beneficial for fetal survival and growth. Interleukin-1 beta and human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR are important for foreign antigen recognition by the immune system, whereas transforming growth factor-beta inhibits many of the immunostimulatory properties of interleukin-1 beta. In this study we found that first-trimester decidua and term placental membranes expressed significantly higher levels of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 beta messenger ribonucleic acid, and human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR alpha messenger ribonucleic acid expression. All tissues found at the maternal-fetal interface, including first-trimester decidua, placenta, and placental membranes, contained transforming growth factor-beta and expressed transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger ribonucleic acid. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the increase in decidual interleukin-1 beta and human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR alpha during pregnancy may be involved in maternal recognition of the fetal semiallograft and that transforming growth factor-beta production may regulate the local maternal immune response and prevent rejection of the fetus.
The conormal derivative problem for elliptic equations of variational type

On considere des solutions du probleme Qu=0 dans Ω, Nu=0 sur ∂Ω, ou Ω est un domaine borne dans R n , et Q et N sont definis par Qu(x)=div(A(x,u(x),Du(x))+B(x,u(x),Du(x)),x∈Ω Nu(x)=A(x,u(x),Du(x))•γ(x)+φ(x),x∈∂Ω
Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of both diastereomers of α-hydroxyphosphinates

Racemic α-acylphosphinates and formylphosphinate hydrate were used directly as the substrates in a proline derivative-catalyzed cross aldol reaction with ketones. Because of the preexisting phosphorus stereogenic center, a mixture of two diastereomers of the corresponding α-hydroxyphosphinates was obtained in this reaction. Good to high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) were obtained simultaneously for the two diastereomers in good yields. Good diastereoselectivities were also obtained when the reaction generates an additional carbon stereogenic center.
Doppler-resolved kinetics of saturation recovery

Frequency-modulated laser transient absorption has been used to monitor the ground-state rotational energy-transfer rates of CN radicals in a double-resonance, depletion recovery experiment. When a pulsed laser is used to burn a hole in the equilibrium ground-state population of one rotational state without velocity selection, the population recovery rate is found to depend strongly on the Doppler detuning of a narrow-band probe laser. Similar effects should be apparent for any relaxation rate process that competes effectively with velocity randomization. Alternative methods of extracting thermal rate constants in the presence of these non-thermal conditions are evaluated. Total recovery rate constants, analogous to total removal rate constants in an experiment preparing a single initial rotational level, are in good agreement with quantum scattering calculations, but are slower than previously reported experiments and show qualitatively different rotational state dependence between Ar and He collision partners. Quasi-classical trajectory studies confirm that the differing rotational state dependence is primarily a kinematic effect.
Broadband measurements of lunar radiances using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft/Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors

12 Currently, the moon is being used as a radiometric target to determine on-orbit relative shifts or shifts in the responses of certain spacecraft shortwave sensors. Along these lines, the 1998 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Spacecraft/Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) thermistor bolometer sensor observations of lunar radiances were analyzed to evaluate the feasibility using the lunar radiances to calibrate the CERES sensor responses. Over a 5 to 110 degree phase angle range, the CERES sensors were used to measure: broadband shortwave (0.3 micrometers to 5.0 micrometers ) moon-reflected solar filtered radiances; broadband total (0.3 micrometers to more than 100 micrometers ) moon- reflected solar and moon-emitted longwave filtered radiances; and narrowband window (8 micrometers to 12 micrometers ) moon- emitted longwave filtered radiances. The TRMM/CERES on-orbit radiance measurements are tied to an International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) modeled radiometric scale at uncertainty levels approaching 0.2% (0.2 Wm-2sr-1). Therefore, the TRMM/CERES measurements should be useful in forecasting the precisions of scheduled CERES lunar measurements from the NASA Terra and Aqua Spacecraft platforms near phase angle of 22 and 55 degrees, respectively. The 7-degree phase angle, 1998 CERES shortwave, total, and window measurements yielded lunar filtered radiances of approximately 4.5+/- 0.2, 24.4+/- 0.5, and 4.5+/- 0.2 Wm-2sr-1, respectively. These lunar measurements indicate that broadband shortwave radiances can be characterized at the 5% uncertainty range. The 7-degree, shortwave lunar radiances were found to be approximately 1.5 and 3 times brighter greater the corresponding radiances found at the 22-degree and 55-degree phase angles, respectively. Therefore, the Terra and Aqua CERES lunar shortwave measurements near 22.5- degree and 55-degree phase angles should yield projected precisions in the 7% and 15% range, respectively. The CERES lunar filtered radiance are presented and discussed. Research efforts are outlined briefly for comparing the total sensor broadband and window narrowband longwave lunar radiances during the January 9, 2001 lunar eclipse.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thomas J. Hagerty, The Church, and socialism

(1962). Thomas J. Hagerty, The Church, and socialism. Labor History: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 39-56.
METALLICITY ANALYSIS OF MACHO GALACTIC BULGE RR0 LYRAE STARS FROM THEIR LIGHT CURVES

We present metallicities of 2690 RR0 Lyrae stars observed toward the MACHO Survey fields in the Galactic bulge. These [Fe/H] values are based upon an empirically-calibrated relationship that uses the Fourier coefficients of the light curve and are accurate to ±0.2 dex. The majority of the RR0 Lyrae stars in our sample are located in the Galactic bulge, but 255 RR0 stars are associated with the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy. We find that the RR0 Lyrae stars that belong to the Galactic bulge have average metallicities [Fe/H] = –1.25, with a broad metallicity range from [Fe/H] = –2.26 to –0.15. The RR0 stars from the Sgr dwarf galaxy have lower average metallicity of [Fe/H] = –1.55 ± 0.02, with an intrinsic dispersion of 0.25 dex, similar to that in the bulge. A correlation between metallicity and galactocentric distance is found, in a sense that for the metal-poor RR0 Lyrae stars ([Fe/H] –1.2 dex), this trend is reversed. Using mean magnitudes of MACHO RR Lyrae stars, we searched for the evidence of the Galactic bar and found marginal evidence of a bar. The absence of a strong bar indicates that the RR Lyrae in the bulge represent a different population than the majority of the bulge stars, which are metal-rich and are part of a bar.
A Proposed Design for a Fast (Parallel) Preprocessor for the Spin Spectrometer and Other Eventful Albatrosses

Because devices like the Spin Spectrometer described in a previous paper to this conference can produce an extremely fast but fairly simple-to-process data stream, it seems reasonable to consider front-end preprocessors having special characteristics. In general, the kinds of transformations being considered do not require floating point calculations or extensive calculations. In order to be somewhat specific, the particular data acquisition/processing problems posed by the Spin Spectrometer at the Holifield Heavy Ion Facility will be discussed.
The Combination of Pyrolytic Esterification and Ion Pair Extraction for the Analysis of Organic Acids

Abstract Pyrolytic esterification and ion pair extraction were combined to furnish a rapid convenient method for analysis of organic acids. The extraction was not 100% efficient but the response of the gas chromatograph was linearly aroportional to the concentration of acid. However, it was necessary to have a large excess of the quaternary ammonium salt present.
Thermodynamic Properties of Fluid Oxygen at Temperatures to 250 K and Pressures to 350 Atmospheres on Isochores at 1.3 to 3.0 Times Critical Density.

The starting point for these calculations is liquid oxygen at the triple point. An analytical formula is used for specific heats of saturated liquid along the coexistence path to obtain internal energies and entropies of the saturated liquid. With these initial values, the calculations next are made as a function of temperature along isochores, using an "equation of state" for the specific heats C v (ρ, T) in the single-phase domain. Enthalpies are obtained by adding P v to the internal energies. Results are tabulated at uniform densities and temperatures. Based on uncertainties of one percent in the specific heat data, the uncertainty of thermal properties also is taken to be 1 percent.
Preparative chromatography of oligogalacturonic acids

Abstract A mixture of oligogalacturonic acids was prepared by partial enzymatic hydrolysis of citrus pectin-derived α- d -polygalacturonic acid. Both a commercial fungal “pectinase” preparation and a purified endo-polygalacturonase isolated from this source by chromatography on carboxymethyl Sephadex C-50 were used to catalyze the hydrolysis. Different product distributions resulted, but even when using pectinase there was no evidence for the formation of unsaturated products from activity of polygalacturonic acid lyase. Individual oligogalacturonic acids were isolated by step-gradient elution (sodium formate, pH 4.7) from the macroporous strong base anion-exchange resin AG MP-1 in the formate form. Pure oligomers to heptagalacturonic acid were isolated in a single run, including gram quantities of tri-, tetra-, and pentagalacturonic acid. The individual oligogalacturonic acids were characterized by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes.
Mineral transformation controls speciation and pore-fluid transmission of contaminants in waste-weathered Hanford sediments

Abstract Portions of the Hanford Site (WA, USA) vadose zone were subjected to weathering by caustic solutions during documented releases of high level radioactive waste (containing Sr, Cs and I) from leaking underground storage tanks. Previous studies have shown that waste-sediment interactions can promote variable incorporation of contaminants into neo-formed mineral products (including feldspathoids and zeolites), but processes regulating the subsequent contaminant release from these phases into infiltrating background pore waters remain poorly known. In this paper, reactive transport experiments were conducted with Hanford sediments previously weathered for one year in simulated hyper-alkaline waste solutions containing high or low 88Sr, 127I, and 133Cs concentrations, with or without CO2(aq). These waste-weathered sediments were leached in flow-through column experiments with simulated background pore water (characteristic of meteoric recharge) to measure contaminant release from solids formed during waste-sediment interaction. Contaminant sorption–desorption kinetics and mineral transformation reactions were both monitored using continuous-flow and wet-dry cycling regimes for ca. 300 pore volumes. Less than 20% of contaminant 133Cs and 88Sr mass and less than 40% 127I mass were released over the course of the experiment. To elucidate molecular processes limiting contaminant release, reacted sediments were studied with micro- (TEM and XRD) and molecular- (Sr K-edge EXAFS) scale methods. Contaminant dynamics in column experiments were principally controlled by rapid dissolution of labile solids and competitive exchange reactions. In initially feldspathoidic systems, time-dependent changes in the local zeolitic bonding environment observed with X-ray diffraction and EXAFS are responsible for limiting contaminant release. Linear combination fits and shell-by-shell analysis of Sr K-edge EXAFS data revealed modification in Sr–Si/Al distances within the zeolite cage. Wet-dry cycling did not affect significantly molecular-scale transformations relative to continuous-flow controls. Results indicate that contaminants bound to the solid phase in distinct micro- and molecular-scale coordinative environments can generate similar macro-scale release behaviors, highlighting the need for multi-scale interrogations to constrain mechanisms of reactive transport. Data also indicate that weathering-induced change in ion exchange selectivity coefficients should be incorporated in simulations of contaminant release from caustic high-level radioactive waste impacted sediments.
Modifications in the Design and Fabrication of Mandibular Osseointegrated Fixed Prostheses Frameworks

This article presents the advantages of design modifications and fabrication techniques for mandibular osseointegrated fixed prostheses. These design features provide definite mechanical advantages and access for oral hygiene maintenance. A review of implant surface properties is presented that affect bacterial plaque and food debris adherence. The suggested design involves a lingual contour of the cast alloy suprastructure to yield an environment for reduced plaque and debris accumulation. The right angle cross-section ensures strength and increased stress distribution in structurally compromised areas when compared with conventional implant framework designs.
Inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli by lactose and other galactosides

A study has been made of the inhibition of growth caused by the addition of lactose or other galactosides to lac constitutive Escherichia coli growing in glycerol minimal medium. The effect was greater at pH 5.9 and pH 7.9 than at pH 7.0. Inhibition of growth by lactose was observed also in the case of a beta-galactosidase negative mutant. However, a lacY mutant, which has a defect in the entry of protons normally coupled with galactoside transport, showed only slight inhibition of growth on the addition of galactosides. In the case of the parental strain the addition of lactose resulted in a sharp fall in delta pH across the cell membrane and a reduction in intracellular ATP, and the recovery was slow. Under the same conditions the lacY mutant showed a smaller and only transient effect. It is postulated that the sudden entry of protons associated with lactose uptake lowers the protonmotive force, reducing the ATP levels and inhibiting growth of the cells. This hypothesis would account also for the selection of lacY mutants found when E. coli is grown in the presence of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside.
A Dynamical Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of the Intraseasonal Disturbances

Abstract This study investigates the structural properties of the intraseasonal disturbances in the 500-mb flow during a specific winter season (1982/83) and assesses the relevance of normal-mode barotropic instability to the observed intraseasonal disturbances. The leading complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF1) accounts for 56% of the variance, has a duration of about 40 days, and mainly comprises the EOF1 and EOF4. It is characterized by a strong planetary-scale fluctuation centered over the eastern Pacific region. Its sign changes at the midseason, arising from an eastward shift of the Pacific trough. The CEOF2 explains 22% of the variance with a period of about 20 days and largely consists of the CEOF2 and EOF3. It depicts a rotating dipole structure over the Atlantic region. The CEOF2 is mainly associated with the pronounced blocking episode in February 1983. By applying the Gram-Schmidt method in conjunction with an instability analysis, we formulate a dynamical-EOF analysis. The leading DEOF...
Optical-model description of time-reversal violation in neutron-nucleus scattering.

A time-reversal-violating spin-correlation coefficient in the total cross section for polarized neutrons incident on a tensor rank-2 polarized target is calculated by assuming a time-reversal-noninvariant, parity-conserving fivefold'' interaction in the neutron-nucleus optical potential. Results are presented for the system [ital n]+[sup 165]Ho for neutron incident energies covering the range 1-20 MeV. From existing experimental bounds, a strength of 2[plus minus]10 keV is deduced for the real and imaginary parts of the fivefold term, which implies an upper bound of order 10[sup [minus]4] on the relative [ital T]-odd strength when compared to the central real optical potential.
An opioid growth factor regulates the replication of microorganisms

Abstract An opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met 5 ]-enkephalin, interacts with the zeta (ζ) opioid receptor to modulate development of eukaryotes. We have found that [Met 5 ]-enkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide serves to inhibit the growth of S. aureus . This effect on growth involves cell proliferative events and is under tonic control, since potent opioid antagonists accelerate cell replication. Both the OGF and zeta opioid receptor were associated with these microorganisms. Other opioid receptors (μ, δ and κ) were not detected. OGF also controlled the growth of other bacteria: P. aeruginosa and S. marcesans . These results indicate that OGF and its receptor, known to be important in the regulation of mammalian development, also function in the growth of simple unicellular organisms. We suggest that the endogenous opioid system related to growth originated billions of years ago.
Antiferromagnetic classical XY model: A mean-field analysis

The antiferromagnetic classical $\mathrm{XY}$ (planar-rotator) model is analyzed under the mean-field approximation. Phase diagrams are obtained and found to be strongly dependent on the underlying lattice geometry. For bipartite lattices, there exists a second-order transition across a unique phase boundary. For tripartite lattices, there exist two phase boundaries, separating an intermediate "nonhelical" phase from a low-temperature "helical" phase and the high-temperature paramagnetic phase. The two phase boundaries merge into a single critical point at finite temperature and zero magnetic field.
Synergism of TNF and IL-1 in the Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Trabecular Meshwork

PURPOSE TNF and IL-1 increase matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression in the trabecular meshwork (TM). TNF-alpha, in combination with IL-1alpha or IL-1beta, produces highly synergistic MMP-3 increases. Possible mechanisms for this synergism in TM cells were investigated. METHODS Porcine and human TM cells were treated with TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and their combinations. Western immunoblots were used to evaluate MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-12, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF receptor I (RI), IL-1 RI, and IL-1 RII levels and the phosphorylation of Erk, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases. Dose-response effects for TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta on MMP-3 were evaluated. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine mRNA levels. MMP-3 transcription rate was assessed by transfecting TM cells with an MMP-3 promoter/reporter construct. Combined cytokine effects on outflow facility were appraised in perfused anterior segment organ culture. RESULTS TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta each individually increased MMP-3 levels, whereas TNF-alpha in combination with IL-1alpha or IL-1beta produced highly synergistic increases. MMP-9 and MMP-12 levels were also elevated, but only MMP-12 showed synergism. IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, but not TNF-alpha mRNA or protein level, were elevated by these cytokines. Maximum MMP-3 production for individual cytokines, even at high doses, was far less than with dual cytokine doses. Erk 1 and 2, JNK 1 and 2, and p38 alpha and beta phosphorylation increased, but not synergistically. However, phosphorylation of novel isoforms of JNK and p38 delta and gamma did show synergism. MMP-3 mRNA levels and transcription rates also demonstrated synergism. TNF-alpha significantly increased IL-1 RI levels. Synergism in outflow facility was observed with TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha, in combination with IL-1alpha or IL-1beta, produced intense synergistic increases in MMP-3 and MMP-12 but not in MMP-9. Induction of IL-1 RI by TNF-alpha partially explains the synergism. Responses of novel JNK and p38 MAP kinase delta and gamma isoforms also partially account for the synergism. Understanding this strong synergistic effect may provide useful insight into optimizing therapeutic regulation of intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Deuterium isotope effects on T1→ S0 radiative transitions of aromatic molecules

Abstract Occurrence of an important deuterium isotope effect on T 1 → S 0 radiative transitions is demonstrated for aromatic molecules using two independent techniques. The near-quantitative agreements of the results in a variety of solvents (alcohols, hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons) strongly suggest that the radiative mechanism leading to the observed isotope effect is intramolecular in origin.
Microcapsule induced toughening in a self-healing polymer composite

Microencapsulated dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) healing agent and Grubbs' Ru catalyst are incorporated into an epoxy matrix to produce a polymer composite capable of self-healing. The fracture toughness and healing efficiency of this composite are measured using a tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) specimen. Both the virgin and healed fracture toughness depend strongly on the size and concentration of microcapsules added to the epoxy. Fracture of the neat epoxy is brittle, exhibiting a mirror fracture surface. Addition of DCPD-filled urea-formaldehyde (UF) microcapsules yields up to 127% increase in fracture toughness and induces a change in the fracture plane morphology to hackle markings. The fracture toughness of epoxy with embedded microcapsules is much greater than epoxy samples with similar concentrations of silica microspheres or solid UF polymer particles. The increased toughening associated with fluid-filled microcapsules is attributed to increased hackle markings as well as subsurface microcracking not observed for solid particle fillers. Overall the embedded microcapsules provide two independent effects: the increase in virgin fracture toughness from general toughening and the ability to self-heal the virgin fracture event.
Vedic Science Based Education and Nonverbal Intelligence: A Preliminary Longitudinal Study in Cambodia

ABSTRACT This study surveys the current status of higher education in Cambodia, and examines the influence of a Vedic Science curriculum, which included the Transcendental Meditation program, on undergraduate nonverbal intelligence. The Culture Fair Intelligence Test was administered to 70 students from two institutions of higher learning: the Institute of Economic Science (n = 23) in Phnom Penh, and Maharishi Vedic University (n = 47) in Prey Veng province. Results suggest that the application of Vedic Science to the curriculum increases the problem solving ability of Cambodian college students.
A Novel System-Centric Intelligent Adaptive Control Architecture for Power System Stabilizer Based on Adaptive Neural Networks

In this paper, an intelligent power system stabilizer based on a novel system-centric controller is proposed. The proposed method uses hybrid architecture with two algorithms: one, a neural network-based controller with explicit neuro-identifier, and the other, an adaptive controller implemented as a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC). The neuro-controller-identifier combination is used to approximate the nonlinear functional dynamics of the power system, and the MRAC controller adapts when power system (plant) parametric set changes. Additionally, a feed forward neural network (FFNN) identifier is used to predict system responses, and the control signals are adjusted in real-time to obtain improved system response. The FFNN is trained offline with extensive test data and is also adjusted online. The main advantage and uniqueness of the proposed scheme is the controllers' ability to complement each other in case of parametric and functional uncertainty and evolve in the presence of changing system dynamics. The theoretical results are validated by conducting simulation studies for electric-generator stabilization on a single-machine infinite-bus system and a two-area equivalent five-generator eight-bus multimachine power system with varying generator schedules that show fundamental subsynchronous oscillations.
Using physiological signals to predict apnea in preterm infants

Apnea of prematurity, a common developmental disorder in preterm infants, is implicated in long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. Preventative clinical interventions, such as mechanosensory stimulation, would benefit from predictive knowledge of when the patient is at high risk for apnea. In this study, the predictive utility of features derived from breathing rate and heart rate is explored. Specifically, the multiscale correlation structure of interbreath intervals and heartbeat intervals is used to train a patient-specific apnea prediction algorithm. The algorithm's prediction results are significantly better than chance for three of the six patients it is evaluated on. These preliminary studies suggest that features of cardiopulmonary signals can anticipate the occurrence of clinically significant apneas in preterm infants.
Proposed criteria for accreditation of computer information systems programs

A working group, representing ACM, DPMA, and IEEE-CS, was formed to draft a set of guidelines, including criteria, for the accreditation of computer information systems' undergraduate programs. The guidelines and criteria are summarized below.Faculty: Typically a minimum of 4 faculty, with 3 full time, are needed. Normally, 25% of a faculty member's time should be available for scholarly activity and development. Teaching loads should not exceed 12 hours and should not exceed 4 courses with 2 preparations.Curriculum: Curricular assume a 120 semester hour, four year, baccalaureate program. The program should consist of approximately 30% computer information systems, 20% business, at least 40% in general education and up to 10% other.Forty to 60 percent of the CIS portion should cover a broad core that includes a) computer concepts and software systems, b) program, data, and file structures, c) data management,d) data and computer communications, and e) systems analysis and design. Students should be exposed to a variety of programming languages and be proficient in one structured language. The remaining courses should cover breadth and depth.Resources: Appropriate computing facilities must exist for students and faculty. Adequate software and documentation must be available.Students: Established standards and procedures must insure that graduates have the requisite qualifications to function as CIS professionals.Institutional Support: Adequate support must be provided to support the faculty, department office administration, and library. Faculty support includes leave programs, reasonable teaching loads, competitive salaries, and travel support.
Correlates in the Endorsement of Psychotic Symptoms and Services Use: Findings from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys

Endorsement of psychotic symptoms serves as an indicator of significant health issues and interpersonal distress. Seeking services is the ultimate recourse for many individuals, yet few studies have assessed the help-seeking process in a nationally representative sample. This study, guided by Lewis-Fernandez et al.’s (J Nerv Ment Dis 197(5):337–347, 2009) analyses, examined the association of lifetime endorsement of psychotic symptoms with demographic, clinical and support system variables and types of services received. Based on nationally weighted epidemiological data, 11.6 % of adults reported one or more psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms were associated with poor physical and mental health, specifically depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Respondents were more likely to receive services from both informal and mental health providers and were more likely to be hospitalized than those not endorsing psychotic symptoms. Study findings inform community efforts to develop comprehensive services for individuals experiencing psychotic symptoms.
TMS: a trusted mail repository service using public storage clouds

In this paper we present the Trusted Mail System (TMS), a dependable Email repository service that explores multiple untrusted storage clouds for storing, accessing and searching private email data. The system architecture provides security and reliability services while leveraging the heterogeneity and diversity offered by different untrusted cloud storage solutions from different service providers. To address dependability issues, TMS enforces a security model that protects confidentiality and integrity of mailboxes stored in those clouds, adding availability, reliability and intrusion-tolerance guarantees. The system uses homomorphic encryption mechanisms and indexing techniques allowing ranked multi-keyword searching operations over encrypted email messages and its contents. We illustrate TMS feasibility from an implemented prototype, evaluating its performance, design options, and services. The experimental results show that the solution is viable, offers reliability and privacy control for the users and does not aggravate conditions of data-access latency and availability.
Using GIS databases for simulated nightlight imagery

Proposed is a new technique for simulating nighttime scenes with realistically-modelled urban radiance. While nightlight imagery is commonly used to measure urban sprawl,1 it is uncommon to use urbanization as metric to develop synthetic nighttime scenes. In the developed methodology, the open-source Open Street Map (OSM) Geographic Information System (GIS) database is used. The database is comprised of many nodes, which are used to dene the position of dierent types of streets, buildings, and other features. These nodes are the driver used to model urban nightlights, given several assumptions. The rst assumption is that the spatial distribution of nodes is closely related to the spatial distribution of nightlights. Work by Roychowdhury et al has demonstrated the relationship between urban lights and development. 2 So, the real assumption being made is that the density of nodes corresponds to development, which is reasonable. Secondly, the local density of nodes must relate directly to the upwelled radiance within the given locality. Testing these assumptions using Albuquerque and Indianapolis as example cities revealed that dierent types of nodes produce more realistic results than others. Residential street nodes oered the best performance for any single node type, among the types tested in this investigation. Other node types, however, still provide useful supplementary data. Using streets and buildings dened in the OSM database allowed automated generation of simulated nighttime scenes of Albuquerque and Indianapolis in the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model. The simulation was compared to real data from the recently deployed National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System(NPOESS) Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) platform. As a result of the comparison, correction functions were used to correct for discrepancies between simulated and observed radiance. Future work will include investigating more advanced approaches for mapping the spatial extent of nightlights, based on the distribution of dierent node types in local neighbourhoods. This will allow the spectral prole of each region to be dynamically adjusted, in addition to simply modifying the magnitude of a single source type.
Inheritance study of tuber glycoalkaloids in a wild potato, Solanum chacoense bitter

Studies were made of segregating families from crosses between accessions of Solanumchacoense Bitter differing in steroid glycoalkaloids. The major glycoalkaloids were isolated from tubers and identified by thin-layer chromatography. Simple segregation ratios of 3:1 in an F2 and 1:1 in backcrosses were obtained for the presence:absence of solanine, chaconine, and commersonine. To explain the simultaneous segregation of the three glycoalkaloids, we tentatively hypothesize that: (1) solanine and commersonine are determined by alternative codominant alleles at a single gene locus; (2) a major gene for chaconine segregates independently of the solanine/commersonine locus; and (3) a recessive gene linked with the commersonine allele is epistatic to the chaconine gene, causing the production of β-chaconine instead of the usual α-chaconine. The F2 distribution could be fit to the ratio 3:6:3:1:2:1, seen as combining the 1:2:1 segregation of solanine: solanine + commersonine: commersonine and the 3:1 segregation of presence: absence of chaconine.
The electrical characterization of semi‐insulating GaAs: A correlation with mass‐spectrographic analysis

The room‐temperature electrical properties of 28 semi‐insulating GaAs crystals have been determined by using a mixed‐conductivity analysis. It is shown that for most of these samples, such an analysis gives good accuracy for the electron mobility μn and electron concentration n, but poorer accuracy for the hole mobility μp, hole concentration p, and intrinsic concentration ni. The intrinsic concentration is determined at 296 °K to be ni? (1.7±0.4) ×106 cm−3, which compares favorably with the theoretical value deduced from the band gap and the effective masses. From a Fermi‐level analysis, the dominant Cr acceptor is found to lie at 0.69±0.02 eV from the valence band. For many of the samples, the ionized‐impurity concentrations NI have been estimated from spark‐source mass‐spectrographic measurements and are compared with the concentrations predicted from μn. In general, the expected inverse relationship between μn and NI is found to hold, but the scatter in the data is quite large, mainly due to the uncer...