cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells decrease transforming growth factor β1 expression in microglia/macrophages and down-regulate plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression in astrocytes after stroke

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) decrease the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in astrocytes and subsequently decrease astrocytic plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) level in an autocrine manner. Since activated microglia/macrophages are also a source of TGFβ1 after stroke, we therefore tested whether MSCs regulate TGFβ1 expression in microglia/macrophages and subsequently alters PAI-1 expression after ischemia. TGFβ1 and its downstream effector phosphorylated SMAD 2/3 (p-SMAD 2/3) were measured in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). MSC treatment significantly decreased TGFβ1 protein expression in both astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in the ischemic boundary zone (IBZ) at day 14 after stroke. However, the p-SMAD 2/3 was only detected in astrocytes and decreased after MSC treatment. In vitro, RT-PCR results showed that the TGFβ1 mRNA level was increased in both astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in an astrocyte-microglia/macrophage co-culture system after oxygen-glucose deprived (OGD) treatment. MSCs treatment significantly decreased the above TGFβ1 mRNA level under OGD conditions, respectively. OGD increased the PAI-1 mRNA in astrocytes in the astrocyte-microglia/macrophage co-culture system, and MSC administration significantly decreased this level. PAI-1 mRNA was very low in microglia/macrophages compared with that in astrocytes under different conditions. Western blot results also verified that MSC administration significantly decreased p-SMAD 2/3 and PAI-1 level in astrocytes in astrocyte-microglia/macrophage co-culture system under OGD conditions. Our in vivo and in vitro data, in concert, suggest that MSCs decrease TGFβ1 expression in microglia/macrophages in the IBZ which contribute to the down-regulation of PAI-1 level in astrocytes.
Natural-language interfaces

Publisher Summary Since the early 1960s when support decreased for machine translation, much of the research on natural-language processing in North America has been motivated by its potential use for communicating with software systems. Natural-language systems have been developed to extract information from databases, to control (simulated) robots, to interact with graphic systems, to specify simulation problems, and to communicate with systems embodying expertise in some task or problem area. This chapter discusses the interfaces to database management systems. Apart from being among the earliest interface systems developed, interfaces to databases account for most of the natural-language interfaces (NLIs) implemented and they are the subject of a substantial literature. The chapter discusses the main system architectures used in NLIs and the body of techniques developed for them. In doing so, it distinguishes between the task of an interface and its domain. Natural language is but one of the methods available for human–machine interaction. The reasons for its attractiveness are obvious. They are: it provides an immediate vocabulary for talking about the contents of the database and a means of accessing information in the database independently of its structure and encodings, shields the user from the formal access language of the underlying system, and is available with a minimum of training to both novice and occasional user.
Bridging the Divide—A Reply to Mitchell and Peet

(1996). Bridging the Divide—A Reply to Mitchell and Peet. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 98-100.
Characterization of mandibular movement during speech in the presence of oral articulatory perturbation.

Abstract Objective Mandibular movement is essential for speech, swallowing, and mastication. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that altering oral cavity geometry would result in an increased vertical and more posterior jaw displacement during speech. Design Twelve English speaking female adult dentate volunteers, age range 21–31 (mean ± SD age, 25.3 ± 2.2 years) participated in this prospective crossover study. Compensatory jaw movement was measured during pronunciation of the sound “s” in three vowel contexts (/i/, /a/, /u/). An acrylic palatal device was used to perturb the oral cavity in anterior and posterior palate. Speech was recorded under five conditions; no device, device, device after 15 min, device after 2 weeks, after removal of the device. The vertical, horizontal, and lateral mandibular movement was recorded. A Within-Subject 2-Factorial Repeated Measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate the statistical significance ( p ≤ 0.05). Results The repeated measures for the mean vertical displacement revealed a main effect for the condition [ F (6.970), p = . 001 ], and the device [ F (13.634), p = . 001 ]. For horizontal displacement there was a main effect for the condition [ F (6.970), p = . 001 ], and the device [ F (13.634), p = . 001 ]. For lateral displacement there was a main effect for the device [ F (3.790), p = . 051 ]. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that during the pronunciation of “s” the jaw position is extremely stable, even when the oral cavity geometry is altered. Therefore, compensation for the perturbation occurs using other speech articulators such as the tongue.
Comparison of Isolator 1.5 and BACTEC NR660 aerobic 6A blood culture systems for detection of fungemia in children.

The Isolator 1.5 microbial system (ISO 1.5) (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, N.J.) was compared with the BACTEC NR660 aerobic NR6A bottle (NR6A) (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) for the detection of fungemia in hospitalized pediatric patients. For 4,825 paired blood cultures evaluated retrospectively from April 1992 to December 1994, at least one blood culture system was positive for 89 clinically important fungal isolates involved in 36 episodes of fungemia in 34 patients. Sixty isolates (44 Candida albicans, 12 Candida parapsilosis, and 4 Candida tropicalis isolates) were recovered from both systems, 13 were recovered from NR6A bottles only (10 C. albicans, 1 C. parapsilosis, and 2 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates), and 16 were recovered from ISO 1.5 tubes only (8 C. albicans and 5 C. parapsilosis isolates and 1 C. tropicalis, 1 Candida lusitaniae, and 1 Rhodotorula glutinis isolate) (P > 0.05). For the 60 Candida isolates from both systems, the mean time to detection was the same in each system. Thirty-seven isolates were detected by both systems on the same day, 9 isolates were detected earlier by NR6A, and 14 isolates were detected earlier by ISO 1.5 (P > 0.05). Of the 36 clinically important episodes of fungemia, 22 were detected by both systems (13 C. albicans isolates and 9 other Candida isolates), 4 were detected by NR6A only (3 C. albicans isolates and 1 C. neoformans isolate), and 10 were detected by ISO 1.5 only (3 C. albicans isolates, 6 other Candida isolates, and 1 R. glutinis isolate) (P > 0.05). Of the 22 episodes in which cultures from both systems were positive at some point during the episode, 12 were detected on the same day by both systems, 8 were detected earlier by NR6A, and 2 were detected earlier by ISO 1.5. Thus, for our pediatric population, NR6A is comparable to ISO 1.5 in both yield and time to detection of yeasts in fungemic patients.
Service Providers and the Concept of Life Satisfaction

The concept of life satisfaction has been central in much gerontological research. However, that concept and findings concerning it have been far less central in the activities of service providers. The concept has the potential to link the activities of academicians and practitioners in ways that would benefit older people. Afocus on research describing variables that influence life satisfaction and are subject to manipulation by program and policy interventions would benefit practitioners in program development and selection. Measures of life satisfaction used as program impact and outcome measures would help assess the effectiveness of interventions as well as contribute to applied research.
The Candida albicans ESCRT Pathway Makes Rim101-Dependent and -Independent Contributions to Pathogenesis

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes diverse mucosal niches with distinct environmental characteristics. To adapt to these different sites, C. albicans must activate and attenuate a variety of signal transduction pathways. A mechanism of signal attenuation is through receptor endocytosis and subsequent vacuolar degradation, which requires the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. This pathway comprises several polyprotein complexes (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III, and -DS) that are sequentially recruited to the endosomal membrane. The ESCRT pathway also activates the Rim101 transcription factor, which governs expression of genes required for virulence. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ESCRT pathway plays a Rim101-independent role(s) in pathogenesis. We generated deletion mutants in each ESCRT complex and determined that ESCRT-I, -II, and -III are required for Rim101 activation but that ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-DS are not. We found that the ESCRT-0 member Vps27 and ESCRT-DS components are required to promote epithelial cell damage and, using a murine model of oral candidiasis, found that the vps27Δ/Δ mutant had a decreased fungal burden compared to that of the wild type. We found that a high-dose inoculum can compensate for fungal burden defects but that mice colonized with the vps27Δ/Δ strain exhibit less morbidity than do mice infected with the wild-type strain. These results demonstrate that the ESCRT pathway has Rim101-independent functions for C. albicans virulence.
Action research: lessons learned from a multi-iteration study of computer-mediated communication in groups

Action research has been presented as a promising approach for academic inquiry because of its focus on real world problems and its ability to provide researchers with a rich body of field data for knowledge building. Published examples of action research, however, are hard to find in business communication literature. What are the reasons for this? I try to provide a basis for answering this question as well as helping other business communication researchers-particularly those interested in computer-mediated communication issues-to decide whether and when to employ action research. I offer a first-person, confessional tale-like account of an action research study of computer-mediated communication in groups. In order to focus on the lessons learned, my focus is on the process of conducting action research and not on empirical results. Some of the situations and related lessons discussed are somewhat surprising and illustrate the complex nature of action research. The doctoral research, conducted over four years in Brazil and New Zealand, highlights the challenges associated with action research's dual goal of serving practitioners and the research community.
Proximity Analysis for Exposure Assessment in Environmental Health Justice Research

This chapter provides a historical overview and constructive critique of analytical approaches and methods that have been used to measure proximity to environmental health hazards and potential exposure to their adverse effects in the environmental justice (EJ) research literature. After providing an introduction to environmental health justice research and key findings, we examine how quantitative EJ analysis has emerged from comparing the prevalence of minority or low-income populations in spatial units hosting environmental hazards and circular buffer zones to more advanced techniques that utilize GIS, pollution plume models, and estimates of health risk from ambient exposure to multiple pollutants and emission sources. We also review spatial analytical approaches used in previous studies to determine the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of people residing in areas potentially exposed to environmental hazards, as well as newly emerging geostatistical techniques that are more appropriate for spatial analysis of EJ than conventional statistical methods used in prior research. The concluding section focuses on highlighting the key limitations and identifying future research needs associated with assessment of environmental health justice.
Natural convection in tunnels at Yucca Mountain and impact on drift seepage

The decay heat from radioactive waste that is to be disposed in the once proposed geologic repository at Yucca Mountain (YM) will significantly influence the moisture conditions in the fractured rock near emplacement tunnels (drifts). Additionally, large-scale convective cells will form in the open-air drifts and will serve as an important mechanism for the transport of vaporized pore water from the fractured rock in the drift center to the drift end. Such convective processes would also impact drift seepage, as evaporation could reduce the build up of liquid water at the tunnel wall. Characterizing and understanding these liquid water and vapor transport processes is critical for evaluating the performance of the repository, in terms of water-induced canister corrosion and subsequent radionuclide containment. To study such processes, we previously developed and applied an enhanced version of TOUGH2 that solves for natural convection in the drift. We then used the results from this previous study as a time-dependent boundary condition in a high-resolution seepage model, allowing for a computationally efficient means for simulating these processes. The results from the seepage model show that cases with strong natural convection effects are expected to improve the performance of the repository, since smaller relative humiditymore » values, with reduced local seepage, form a more desirable waste package environment.« less
Regression: Public School Expenditures

A typical example of material to which simple regression methods can be applied is information in the Statistical Abstract of the United States 1970 concerning public school expenditures and other quantities possibly related thereto. Table 181 (p. 122) lists estimated per-capita expenditures during 1970, in dollars, on public school education in each of the fifty states together with the District of Columbia (which for present purposes will be referred to as a state). The schools are elementary and secondary schools, and some other programs under the jurisdiction of local boards of education are also included; state universities are not included. The total estimated expenditures have been divided by the estimated resident population size of each state to give per-capita expenditures (not expenditures per student).
Simultaneous Amplification of Multiple 2 μm Vortex Beams

The generation and simultaneous amplification of multiple 2 µm vortex beams with orbital angular momentum is demonstrated in a Ho:YAG rod amplifier. Simulations predict the amplifier’s potential in power scaling and in spatial division multiplexing.
Research of the Relationship between Blood Zinc and TH Cells Polarization, Immunoglobulin in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective:To explore the impact between blood zinc and TH cells polarization,immunoglobulin in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection.Method:Selected 32 cases children with recurrent respiratory tract infection as the RRTI group, another 30 healthy children were selected as control group,emploied atomic absorption method to detect the levels of blood zinc;adopted fluorescence single cell staining method to detect TH cells polarization; and used fully automatic biochemical analyzer to detect the levels of IgG,IgA.Result:The levels of blood zinc in children with RRTI was significantly lower than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Compared with the control group, RRTI group, the percentage of TH1 markedly decreased the level of TH2 was significantly increased, the percentage, the difference was statistically significant(P0.01);RRTI group TH1/TH2 was lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Serum IgG, IgA in RRTI group were lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion:There are some relationships between the decreased levels of blood zinc deficiency and abnormal TH cells polarization,lower level of Ig, this may be one of the reasons about breaking out repeatedly and refractoriness in children with RRTI.
Efficacy and acceptability of different dosage schedules of clonidine.

In 12 hospitalized patients with hypertension, clonidine 3 times a day led to better control of blood pressure than did the same total dose administered once daily. Compared to the uniform control of blood pressure on divided dose regimen, the single daily 8 P.M. dose led to wider fluctuations and inadequate control 18 hr after dosing. However, 10 of the 12 patients preferred the single daily dose at 8:00 P.M. to the divided dose regimen because of no drowsiness during the day. In 2 patients administration of clonidine twice daily resulted in better control of blood pressure than that during the single or thrice-daily dose regimens. Since there appeared to be a correlation between the dose and the duration of adequate blood pressure control, administration of clonidine twice a day with a larger dose at bedtime and a smaller dose before noon could limit unwanted drowsiness and combine the convenience of less frequent dosing with superior blood pressure control.
Upper Extremity Burn Contractures

Upper extremity burn contractures are a major challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Despite increasing sophistication in the overall management of acute thermal injuries, contractures still occur and are the most common cause of skin contracture in the hand. Reconstructive options for axillary, antecubital, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joint, and interdigital web contractures are discussed, with special emphasis on the techniques and advantages of local flap reconstruction.
The Direct Scattering Problem

We wish to solve the Schrodinger equation $$(\Delta + K^2 )\psi \; = \;V\psi ,$$ (1.1) where \( \Delta \) is the Laplacian in IR3, with boundary conditions appropriate to scattering. The function V, IR3 ↦ IR, is not assumed to have any particular symmetry properties but it is assumed to decrease to zero at infinity in a manner to be specified later. The solution is to describe a plane wave sent in the direction of the unit vector θ toward the “scattering center,” together with an outgoing spherical wave that describes the response of this center.
Fast semi-automatic semantic annotation for spoken dialog systems.

This paper describes a bootstrapping methodology for semi– automatic semantic annotation of a “mini–corpus” that is conventionally annotated manually to train an initial parser used in natural language understanding (NLU) systems. We propose to cast the problem of semantic annotation as a classification problem: each word is assigned a unique set of semantic tag(s) and/or label(s) from the universal tag/label set. This approach enables “local” semantic annotation resulting in partially annotated sentences. The proposed method reduces the annotation time and cost that forms a major bottleneck in the development of NLU systems. We present a set of experiments conducted on the medical domain “mini– corpus” that contains 10K hand–annotated sentences. Three annotation methods are compared: parser (baseline), similarity and classification–based annotations. The support vector machine (SVM) based classification scheme is shown to outperform both similarity and parsed–based annotation.
Plant-soil feedbacks and competitive interactions between invasive Bromus diandrus and native forb species

Feedback between plant and soil microbial communities plays a key role in plant invasions. We examined feedback in native and invasive plants growing in monoculture and mixture, to determine soil microorganisms’ role in Bromus diandrus invasion. Four native forb species were grown in monoculture and in competition with Bromus and with different microbial inocula. Inoculum consisted of 20 g of soil collected from the rhizosphere of native or invasive plants used to create treatments of (1) whole soil, (2) filtrate containing non-mycorrhizal microbes, and (3) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. Native species in monoculture experienced neutral to positive feedback with whole soil and filtrate inoculum. Feedback in Bromus grown in monoculture varied in direction and magnitude with different soil microbial fractions. Fine AMF (Glomus tenue) in filtrate inoculum appeared to cause observed positive feedback effect in native and invasive species, even with pathogenic fungi in roots. Feedback in mixture was more positive than in monoculture for some species. Our study highlights the difficulty of extending feedback results in monoculture to the community level, and the importance of fine AMF, which has received little attention, interacting with pathogens in plant invasion.
Verification-based learning: a generalisation strategy for inferring problem-reduction methods

A major impediment to the development of high-performance knowledge-based systems arises from the prohibitive effort involved in equipping these systems with a sufficient set of problem-solving methods. Thus, one important research problem in Machine Learning has been the study of techniques for inferring problem-solving methods from examples. Although a number of techniques for learning problem-solving methods have been described in the literature, all of them assume a state-space model of problem-solving. In this paper we describe a new technique for learning problem-reduction methods, Verification-Based Learning (VBL), which extends the earlier techniques to the problem-reduction formulation of problem-solving. We illustrate the VBL technique with examples drawn from circuit design and symbolic integration.
The Impact of Game-Like Features on Learning from an Intelligent Tutoring System

Prior research has shown that students learn from Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). However, students’ attention may drift or become disengaged with the task over extended amounts of instruction. To remedy this problem, researchers have examined the impact of game-like features (e.g., a narrative) in digital learning environments on motivation and learning. Some of this research has concluded that the game-like features decrease learning because the features take away resources from the primary task of learning subject-matter content. However, these experiments have involved short-term interventions of less than an hour. Two experiments using college students examined the impact of adding game-like features to the ITS AutoTutor in an intervention that lasted 4 h. In one study, a game-like version was compared to a text-only version and a “do nothing” control. In another study, a game-like version was compared to a nongame version that had similar interfaces. Unlike prior research that has shown that narratives decrease learning in digitally-based learning environments, the game-like features, which included a narrative, had little impact on learning from the ITS. Reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.
Adaptation of Photosystem Stoichiometry in Oxygen-Evolving Thylakoid Membranes

Isolated thylakoid membranes can be poised electrochemically in the dark so that a subsequent illumination will induce primary charge separation in the reaction centers of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). The ensuing oxidation-reduction reactions can be monitored spectrophotometrically in a wavelength region specific to the molecule undergoing the redox transition. Figure 1 provides examples of the light-induced absorbance difference spectra generated upon the photoreduction of the specialized quinone acceptor QA of PSII (Fig. 1A), upon the photoreduction of the primary electron acceptor pheophytin of PSII (Fig. 1B) and upon the photooxidation of the reaction center P700 of PSI (Fig. 1C). From the known differential extinction coefficients [1–4] and from the amplitude of the absorbance change at the peak wavelength (320 nm for Q− A, 685 nm for Pheo− and 700 nm for P700+), it is possible to calculate the concentration of each chemical species in the thylakoid membrane, assuming that illumination of thylakoid membranes will result in the generation of 1 Q−A and 1 Pheo− per PSII center, and in the generation of 1 P700+ per PSI center. Hence, it is possible to provide a direct estimate of the photosystem concentration in thylakoid membranes [5–7].
The Social History of Explosive Remnants of War in Vietnam

This paper traces the links between the military, industry, and the U.S. government to show how weapon development was influenced by the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. The relationship between technology and conflict is made clear through both the new uses and development of weapons dictated by U.S. government policy in Southeast Asia. Ultimately, deadly consequences remain for civilians living in Vietnam as a result of these developments and the unsettling circumstance calls into question who should be responsible.
Effect of Group vs Individual Cognitive Processing Therapy in Active-Duty Military Seeking Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Cognitive processing therapy (CPT), an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), has not been tested as an individual treatment among active-duty military. Group CPT may be an efficient way to deliver treatment. Objective To determine the effects of CPT on PTSD and co-occurring symptoms and whether they differ when administered in an individual or a group format. Design, Setting, and Participants In this randomized clinical trial, 268 active-duty servicemembers consented to assessment at an army medical center from March 8, 2012, to September 23, 2014, and were randomized to group or individual CPT. Inclusion criteria were PTSD after military deployment and stable medication therapy. Exclusion criteria consisted of suicidal or homicidal intent or psychosis. Data collection was completed on June 15, 2015. Analysis was based on intention to treat. Interventions Participants received CPT (the version excluding written accounts) in 90-minute group sessions of 8 to 10 participants (15 cohorts total; 133 participants) or 60-minute individual sessions (135 participants) twice weekly for 6 weeks. The 12 group and individual sessions were conducted concurrently. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary measures were scores on the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale–Interview Version (PSS-I) and the stressor-specific Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-S); secondary measures were scores on the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). Assessments were completed by independent evaluators masked to treatment condition at baseline and 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Results Among the 268 participants (244 men [91.0%]; 24 women [9.0%]; mean [SD] age, 33.2 [7.4] years), improvement in PTSD severity at posttreatment was greater when CPT was administered individually compared with the group format (mean [SE] difference on the PSS-I, −3.7 [1.4]; Cohend = 0.6;P = .006). Significant improvements were maintained with the individual (mean [SE] PSS-I, −7.8 [1.0]; Cohend = 1.3; mean [SE] PCL-S, −12.6 [1.4]; Cohend = 1.2) and group (mean [SE] PSS-I, −4.0 [0.97]; Cohend = 0.7; mean [SE] PCL-S, −6.3 [1.4]; Cohend = 0.6) formats, with no differences in remission or severity of PTSD at the 6-month follow-up. Symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation did not differ significantly between formats. Conclusions and Relevance Individual treatment resulted in greater improvement in PTSD severity than group treatment. Depression and suicidal ideation improved equally with both formats. However, even among those receiving individual CPT, approximately 50% still had PTSD and clinically significant symptoms. In the military population, improving existing treatments such as CPT or developing new treatments is needed. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT02173561andNCT01286415
Cavity Ringdown Spectrum of 2-Cyclohexen-1-one in the CO/Alkenyl CC Stretch Region of the S1(n, π*)-S0 Vibronic Band System.

The 2-cyclohexen-1-one (2CHO) molecule serves as a prototype for understanding the photochemical properties of conjugated enones. We have recorded the cavity ringdown (CRD) absorption spectrum of 2CHO vapor at room temperature over the 360–380 nm range. This portion of the spectrum encompasses the S1(n,π*) ← S0 vibronic band system in the region of the C═C and C═O stretch fundamentals. We have assigned about 40 vibronically resolved features in the spectrum, affording fundamental frequencies for 7 different vibrational modes in the S1(n,π*) state, including the C═C (1554 cm–1) and OC—CH (1449 cm–1) stretch modes. The C═O stretch character is spread over at least four different vibrational modes in the S1(n,π*) state, with fundamentals spanning the 1340–1430 cm–1 interval. This finding stems from a significant reduction in C═O bond order upon excitation, which leads to near-coincidence of the C═O stretch and several CH2 wag frequencies. Such complexities make 2CHO an ideal candidate for testing excited-sta...
Evaluation of Firefox Browser Forensics Tools

Web browsers store web surfing data and history to facilitate the users ease of operation such as instant website recommendations or quicker access to previously visited sites. Since cyber-criminals or suspects, in general, may use the browser to search for any number of crime methods or visit different websites to collect information, this is a good source of electronic evidence used in lawsuits and other crime related investigations. For this reason, web browser forensics is an important field of Digital Forensics. It is crucial to know about the different web browsing analysis tools that are available and have a clear understanding of which tool would be more productive and suitable for which cases and situations. Therefore, this paper presents a survey of web browser forensics analysis tools for Firefox, as well as evaluates the performance of the tools and the system while the tool is being run. These tools are tested against different criteria such as time constraints, memory consumption, and availability. The evaluation result is varied with respect to different sets of criteria. Each of the tools in this survey had their own strengths and weaknesses. However, if one is to be chosen which could be suitable enough for all the jobs, then FoxAnalysis would be the choice.
Secret Negotiations for Sino-Japanese Diplomatic Normalization

Chapter 6 investigates how Zhou and Japanese advocates for the promotion of Sino-Japanese relations worked out the diplomatic normalization between the two countries shortly after President Nixon’s visit to Beijing in February 1972. Newly released diplomatic archival documents and memoirs of Chinese and Japanese officials who were directly involved in the secret negotiations reveal the behind-the-scene process.
The Tyranny of Love: Love Addiction—An Anthropologist’s View

The chapter discusses the traits associated with both positive and negative love addiction; it traces the evolution of love addictions to their likely origins; it proposes a theory for the biopsychological foundations of different types of love addiction; and it offers some scientifically based suggestions for treatment of individuals suffering from rejection addiction.
GW28-e1220 Sequential Hybrid Procedure versus epicardial thoracoscopic ablation or endocardial catheter ablation procedure for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: Experience from a single center

Long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF) is the most challenging AF type, either via surgery or catheter. This study aimed to assess the success rate among epicardial thoracoscopic ablation (epi-TSA), endocardial catheter ablation (endo-CA) and sequential hybrid procedure. Patients with
Physical frailty after liver transplantation.

Frailty is prevalent in liver transplant candidates, but little is known of what happens to frailty after liver transplantation. We analyzed data for 214 adult liver transplant recipients who had ≥1 frailty assessment using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI) at 3- (n = 178), 6- (n = 139), or 12- (n = 107) months posttransplant (higher values=more frail). "Frail" and "robust" were defined as LFI ≥4.5 and <3.2. Median pre-liver transplant LFI was 3.7, and was worse at 3 months (3.9; P = .02), similar at 6 months (3.7; P = .07), and improved at 12 months (3.4; P < .001). The percentage who were robust pre- and 3-, 6-, and 12-months posttransplant were 25%, 14%, 28%, and 37%; the percentage frail were 21%, 21%, 10%, and 7%. In univariable analysis, each 0.1 pretransplant LFI point more frail was associated with a decreased odds of being robust at 3- (odds ratio [OR] 0.75), 6- (OR 0.77), and 12-months (OR 0.90) posttransplant (P ≤ .001), which did not change substantially with multivariable adjustment. In conclusion, frailty worsens 3 months posttransplant and improves modestly by 12 months, but fewer than 2 of 5 patients achieve robustness. Pretransplant LFI was a potent predictor of posttransplant robustness. Aggressive interventions aimed at preventing frailty pretransplant are urgently needed to maximize physical health after liver transplantation.
Trident: A comprehensive timing error resilient technique against choke points at NTC

Near Threshold Computing (NTC) systems have been inherently plagued with heightened process variation (PV) sensitivity. Choke points are an intriguing manifestation of this PV sensitivity. In this paper, we explore the probability of minimum timing violations, caused by choke points, in an NTC system and, their non-trivial impacts on the system reliability. We show that conventional timing error mitigation techniques are inefficient in tackling choke point induced minimum timing violations. Consequently, we propose a comprehensive error mitigation technique, Trident, to tackle choke points, at NTC. Trident offers a 1.37x performance improvement and a 1.1x energy efficiency gain over Razor at NTC, with minimal overheads.
Hypocrisy and Corruption: How Disparities in Power Shape the Evolution of Social Control.

Altruism presents an evolutionary paradox, as altruistic individuals are good for the group yet vulnerable to exploitation by selfish individuals. One mechanism that can effectively curtail selfish...
Prevention and management of cardiotoxicity from antineoplastic therapy.

Cardiotoxicity is a major side effect of various antineoplastic agents, particularly the anthracyclines. Recently, some of the newer drugs and biologic agents that have been introduced into cancer therapeutics also have been shown to have potential cardiotoxic effects. The spec- trum of cardiac side effects varies with the antineoplastic agent, dose, and schedule used. Important risk factors associated with cardiotoxicity are cumulative dose, infusion schedule, and pre-existing cardiac disease. This review focuses on the various adverse cardiovascular events associ- ated with antineoplastic agents, what to anticipate, how to recognize the toxicity, how to prevent and minimize the cardiac side effects, and how to manage the full-blown toxicity if and when it occurs.
Pathogenic Variants in Less Familiar Cancer Susceptibility Genes: What Happens After Genetic Testing?

PurposeAs genetic testing expands, patients are increasingly found to carry pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes that are less familiar to most clinicians, specifically genes other than those causing hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome (BRCA1 and BRCA2) and Lynch syndrome. Little is known about the subsequent behaviors of such patients in terms of managing cancer risks and informing relatives.MethodsAll adult patients who were counseled and tested at the Stanford Cancer Genetics Clinic from January 2013 to July 2015 and had a pathogenic variant in a non-BRCA1/2, non–Lynch syndrome gene were invited to participate in a telephone interview about adherence to risk-reducing recommendations, genetic testing by relatives, and new cancer incidence.ResultsFifty-seven (40%) of 142 eligible patients were successfully contacted, and all 57 patients participated; median follow-up was 677 days (range, 247 to 1,401 days). Most patients (82%; 95% CI, 70% to 90%) recalled that a risk-reducing interven...
Non-sequential Learning in a Robotics Class: Insights from the Engagement of a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This case study focused on the robotics learning process of Mark (a pseudonym), a Latino-American second grader diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Drawing on Polanyi’s (Personal knowledge: towards a post-critical philosophy [Kindle version], 1958/2015) notion of “tacit knowing” and “dwelling in tools,” we attempted to understand Mark’s unique processes and ways of engaging in learning about a Light Sensor by pursuing two research questions: (a) How does Mark, with his unique behavioral and socio-emotional characteristics, engage in the robotics class? (b) What insights can we gain from his inquiry as we develop responsive robotics education? Findings revealed that Mark used a non-sequential inquiry process filled with repetitive free explorations and unexpected expanded inquiries about the Light Sensor. This non-sequential inquiry process highlighted that dwelling with robotic manipulatives was Mark’s distinct ways of exploring the Light Sensor. His non-sequential inquiry process emerged from his tacit engagement and expanded to his sophisticated and holistic understanding of the Light Sensor. We discuss implications for a robotics education program that is responsive to young children with diverse needs and characteristics.
PREDICTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF VASOPLEGIA IN PATIENTS BRIDGED TO HEART TRANSPLANTATION WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES

Vasoplegia has been implicated in adverse outcomes after heart transplantation (HT). Although left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is associated with increased risk of vasoplegia, pre-operative predictors of vasoplegia in this population and its impact on survival after HT are unknown. In this
Image Guidance and Visualization in Pituitary Surgery

The evolution of pituitary surgery parallels advances in cranial imaging. Access to deep-seated pituitary lesions and avoidance of closely approximated neurovascular structures adjacent to the sella mandates precision. Subsequent generations of technologies, including fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and metabolic nuclear imaging, provide complementary strategies for accurate diagnosis and localization. Importantly, the operating microscope and the endoscope have resulted in paradigm shifts in the surgical approach to pituitary lesions. The management of large and complex pituitary tumors may also be abetted by the increasing availability of intraoperative MRI suites. Further integration of biologic imaging strategies and maneuverable endoscopes will continue to enhance the safety and success of pituitary surgery for both functioning and nonfunctioning tumors.
Turning the table: Luke’s inclusive invitation to Communion:

Luke’s Gospel features an inclusive invitation to Communion at which the gospel of release is extended to saints and sinners alike. This Lukan message of inclusivity is demonstrated through examina...
Farm Size, Capitalism, and Overuse of Agricultural Chemicals in China

China’s environment suffers from severe overuse of agricultural chemicals in recent decades. A popular opinion among policymakers and researchers is that land consolidation and larger farms will be...
Phase I Study of Panobinostat Plus Decitabine In Elderly Patients with Advanced MDS or AML.

Abstract 1060 Introduction: Panobinostat (LBH589) is pan-deacetylase inhibitor of both histones and nonhistone proteins such as HSP90 and HIF-α which are implicated in leukemogenesis. Panibinostat has demonstrated activity in a broad range of hematologic malignancies including AML with in vitro studies demonstrating synergistic mechanism of action with a number of agents including DNA hypomethylating agents. Methods: We conducted a phase I study of panobinostat plus decitabine in elderly patients with advanced MDS/AML. Patients age ≥ 60 years with advanced MDS (IPSS ≥ 1.5) or AML who had not been previously treated with a hypomethylating agent were eligible for the study. Decitabine 20mg/m2/d IV on days 1–5 was administered with panobinostat po 3x/wk on nonconsecutive days of a 28 day cycle for up to 12 cycles. panobinostat started at 10 mg/d and was escalated to a maximum of 40 mg/day in 5 cohorts using a 3+3 design. The 40 mg dose group was the highest allowed in the study based on anticipated cytopenias from both drugs in an elderly population. Results: Twenty-eight patients (21 AML/7 MDS) with a median age of 71 years (range 60–86), median WBC 12.7 (range 0.9–73.5) were treated in the Phase I study. Twelve of these patients had previously been treated with regimens that included 7+3 or high dose cytarabine (6 pts, 21%) or high dose lenalidomide (6 pts, 21%). The dose of panobinostat was escalated to a maximum of 40 mg 3x/wk. Of the first 27 evaluable patients there were 7/27 (22%) complete responses with 4 of 8 patients in the 30 mg/day cohort achieving a CR (1 CR, 3 CRi). Of the patients with a CRi, two had baseline cytogenetic abnormalities and both experienced disappearance of the abnormality at the time of response. These patients had persistent thrombocytopenia which may be a consequence of treatment rather than the presence of residual leukemia. Side effects included a dose-limiting asthenia (1 pt /each) which occurred in both the 30 mg and 40 mg/day cohorts. Disease progression was the most common reason for discontinuation of study treatment occurring in 8 pts (four of which occurred in the first cycle of therapy). These early cases of disease progression may suggest that “low-dose” therapies in patients should be avoided in patients with hyperproliferative disease. We conclude that the combination of panobinostat plus decitabine can be safely administered to patients with AML/MDS. The response rate observed at higher doses (’ 30 mg/d) is encouraging and warrants further investigation. Based on this phase I data which demonstrates encouraging evidence of clinical activity for the combination, a phase II cohort using a dose of panobinostat 40 mg po 3x/wk is currently being enrolled. Disclosures: Uy:Novartis: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Panobinostat for MDS/AML. Abboud:Novartis: Honoraria. Vij:Novartis: Honoraria; Eisai: Speakers Bureau. Westervelt:Novartis: Speakers Bureau.
P2-569: DEPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH GREATER ODDS OF DEMENTIA IN SEXUAL MINORITY OLDER ADULTS

Author(s): Flatt, Jason D; Johnson, Julene K; Gilsanz, Paola; Ranatunga, Dilrini; Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen; Whitmer, Rachel A
Evaluating and modeling variation in site-level maximum carrying capacity of mixed-species forest stands in the Acadian Region of northeastern North America

Currently no universal approach exists to estimate regional site-level maximum carrying capacity in terms of stand densityindex (SDIMAX) of mixed species stands across contrasting forest ecosystems...
Therapeutic targeting of the androgen receptor (AR) and AR variants in prostate cancer.

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) accounted for over 300 000 deaths world-wide in 2018. Most of the PCa deaths occurred due to the aggressive castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Since the androgen receptor (AR) and its ligands contribute to the continued growth of androgen-dependent PCa (ADPCa) and CRPC, AR has become a well-characterized and pivotal therapeutic-target. Although AR signaling was identified as therapeutic-target in PCa over five-decades ago, there remains several practical issues such as lack of antagonist-bound AR crystal structure, stabilization of the AR in the presence of agonists due to N-terminus and C-terminus interaction, unfavorable large-molecule accommodation of the ligand-binding domain (LBD), and generation of AR splice variants that lack the LBD that impede the discovery of highly potent fail-safe drugs. This review summarizes the AR-signaling pathway targeted therapeutics currently used in PCa and the approaches that could be used in future AR-targeted drug development of potent next-generation molecules. The review also outlines the discovery of molecules that bind to domains other than the LBD and those that inhibit both the full length and splice variant of ARs.
Analysis on the results of food safety risk monitoring in Haizhu district of Guangzhou

Objective To investigate and analyze the level and trend of food pollution,and evaluate the situation of food safety.Method Different kinds of food were taken randomly from various supermarkets and agricultural products markets in Haizhu district,and chemical contaminants and foodborne pathogens were analyzed.Results During 2009 and 2011,total 438 samples were collected and tested.The results indicated that total eligible rate was 73.05％.The detection rate of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the seafood was 27.78％.The detection rate of salmonella in meat was 4.28％.The pollution of coliform group in cooked meat and salads was serious,with the detection rate of 25.67％.The heavy metal lead and cadmium in meat,tea,sea fishes and freshwater fishes exceeded the standard,with the superstandard rate at 2.67％ and 5.43％,respectively.The formaldehyde pollution in waterishlogged food products was also serious.Conclusion There is security risk in the commercial food products in Haizhu district.To ensure the food safety,the monitoring managements to different kinds of food need to be strengthened. Key words: Food; Safety risk ; Monitoring; Analysis
Impact of body mass index on surgical coronary revascularization for ischaemic heart failure: insights from STICHES.

AIMS Patients with obesity and ischaemic heart failure may counter-intuitively have better outcomes compared with patients with normal body weight due to an 'obesity paradox'. This study sought to determine if body mass index (BMI) impacts the treatment effects or safety outcomes of the treatment of ischaemic heart failure with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS AND RESULTS We obtained and reviewed the Surgical Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICHES) data for 1212 patients. We categorized obesity by the World Health Organization (WHO) classes to define baseline characteristics and test for treatment interactions for the primary and secondary STICHES outcomes by treatment groups. While CABG decreased the risk of death, there was no evidence of treatment interaction by BMI per 5 kg/m2 (P = 0.83) or WHO obesity class. For the overall cohort, there was no interaction by WHO obesity class for the cumulative incidence of death in either the medical therapy or CABG plus medical therapy (P-interaction = 0.90). There was a non-significant trend for higher BMI and a lower risk of death [hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.00, P = 0.051]. Increasing body size (per 5 kg/m2 ) was associated with return to the operating room (odds ratio 2.48, 95% CI 1.45-4.26, P < 0.001) and infectious mediastinitis (odds ratio 2.09, 95% CI 1.10-3.97, P = 0.024) at 30 days but not other 30 day safety outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The benefit of CABG vs. medical therapy for ischaemic heart failure was consistent regardless of BMI or WHO obesity class for death or secondary clinical outcomes. However, higher BMI was associated with some short-term post-CABG complications.