cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Older Adults Seek Employment: Differing Motivations Among Subgroups

Differences among four subgroups of older adults seeking employment—midlife career changers aged 40 to 55, displaced workers aged 56 to 61, younger retirees aged 62 to 69, and older retirees aged 70 or older—were examined. The underlying assumption was that different subgroups of older adults have different motivations for seeking employment. To test this assumption, a 71-item survey measuring subgroups of older adults, their motivation to work, the extent to which they wanted to engage in work, and their need for satisfaction and achievement through work was administered at several public agencies in inland southern California. One hundred one older adults volunteered to participate in the study. The results of a one-way multivariate analysis of variance showed that older adults in the different subgroups could be differentiated by factors addressing the income and benefits associated with work and the scheduling needs of job seekers. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of the results for organizations and needs for future research.
Clinical and Economic Analysis of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

BACKGROUND:The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased significantly over the last decade. Previous cohort studies of patients with MRSA bacteremia have reported higher mortality rates, increased morbidity, longer hospital length of stay (LOS), and higher costs compared with patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. The clinical and economic impact of MRSA involving other sites of infection has not been well characterized.OBJECTIVE:To determine the clinical and economic implications of MRSA compared with MSSA infections across a variety of infection sites and severity of illnesses.METHODS:A retrospective, case—control analysis comparing differences in clinical and economic outcomes of patients with MRSA and MSSA infections was conducted at an academic medical center. Case patients with MRSA infection were matched (1:1 ratio) to control patients with MSSA infection according to age, site of infection, and type of care.RESULTS:Thirty-six matched pair...
Chiral Symmetry and Its Restoration in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Chiral symmetry is a symmetry of QCD in the limit of vanishing quark masses. We know, however, that the current-quark masses are finite. But compared with hadronic scales the masses of the two lightest quarks, up and down, are very small, so that chiral symmetry may be considered an approximate symmetry of the strong interactions.
Synteny and Genomic Rearrangements

The concept of synteny, derived from the Greek syn tene (‘same thread’) has come to refer broadly to parallels in gene arrangement in divergent genomes. Gene collinearity, a special case of synteny in which groups of genes occur in largely corresponding orders along the chromosomes of respective genomes, provides valuable information for inferring gene orthology or paralogy. Relative stasis in gene order accompanied by dramatic variation in DNA content (physical size) makes understanding of comparative gene organization of high value in plants. Plant genome sizes vary over about 2,400-fold, from species of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) with 63.4 million base pairs to more than 150 billion base pairs for Paris japonica (Pellicer et al. 2010). The vast majority of this genome size variation is due to the evolution and propagation of repetitive DNA, largely long-terminal repeat retrotransposon-like element families (Peterson et al. 2002), that are allowed to accumulate in gene-poor heterochromatin while being largely purged from gene-rich euchromatin (Bowers et al. 2005; Paterson et al. 2009). In many genomes including those of flowering plants (angiosperms), the content and arrangement of genes is much more static than that of other genomic constituents (Coghlan et al. 2005).
User-generated collection-level metadata in an online photo-sharing system

Abstract Photoset and group descriptions in Flickr, a large-scale online photo-sharing system, offer insight into the collection description and collection building practices of Flickr users. Photosets, assembled by individual users, appear to evolve from the bottom-up, derived from the components of an individual user's context, and are based on selected attributes which a particular user's photos share. Group collections, on the other hand, seem to be organized more around general concepts or discussions relevant to the group members' work and are constructed top-down by matching specific photo attributes with the purpose of the group. This article identifies 10 categories of characteristics that Flickr users might use for forming these digital photo collections and discusses differences observed between photoset and group collection describing and building behavior. The categories are then compared with the classes and elements of some current metadata schemas and an ontology, as well as with the results of earlier research on individual behavior in describing individual items. The study shows that systematic investigation of user-generated collection-level metadata in Flickr and other similar open-tagging sites is needed to help inform better design of collection metadata schemas and other information organization tools.
Unemployment Insurance, Estimated Cost Rates, Benefits, and Tax Burden by Type of Farm

Unemployment insurance cost rates for newly covered employers and the corresponding tax burden under two sets of tax structures by type of farm are estimated by state. Livestock, dairy, and poultry farmers generally more than support the benefits their workers receive, which is not the case for fruit and vegetable farms. Under experience rating livestock and dairy farms tend to pay the minimum rate in half the states, while the maximum rate applies for fruit and vegetable farms in many states. Benefits received by workers vary also by type of farm and state and tend to be related to the cost rate.
Pituitary Acidophil Macroadenoma in a Pygmy Goat (Capra Hircus Hircus)

This report describes a pituitary acidophil macroadenoma in a goat. Antemortem clinical findings included hypothermia and rumen stasis. Clinicopathologic findings included refractory hypoglycemia, low total thyroxin and insulin concentrations, elevated bile acid concentration, and hyposthenuria. In addition to the pituitary macroadenoma, bilateral atrophy of the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands was observed histologically.
Preparing students for community-based learning using an asset- based approach

One goal of service and community-based learning is to produce students who are more tightly engaged in the larger communities surrounding their institutions. Drawing on data from three courses, we argue that an asset- based approach plays a role in creating authentic campus-community partnerships that strive to engage students as members of the community from the outset and throughout their service learning courses. Asset-based activities help students come to understand the value of relationships amongst community members while also underscoring the value of their individual role in this group. As such, students are more prepared for future work within the community. Like many other institutions of higher education, our small Midwestern Catholic College has integrated the principles of service and community-based learning into the school's mission. Faculty, staff and students alike are prompted to "learn actively" and "contribute responsibly" both on and off campus. The academic response among faculty has been to incorporate community-based learning into class content across a wide array of disciplines. The challenge for faculty using a community-based approach is how to create an experiential learning component that delivers the benefits of service or community-based learning, for students, colleges, and communities, while also avoiding the challenges (such as reinforcing privilege) associated with this pedagogical approach. Drawing on data collected from six courses, we argue that guiding students through experiential learning activities that rely on elements of asset-based community development is one way to achieve this goal. We find that using this approach to prepare students for community-based learning in courses results in several benefits for students including a stronger connection to and personal investment in the local community, and a greater understanding of communities generally. It also gives students a skill-set from which to draw from in future community work. As a result, we find elements of asset-based community development provide a solid foundation for future utilization of community-based learning in academic courses, which is in-line with best practices for service and community-based learning (NSEE, 2014). Advantages and Challenges of Community-Based Learning There is considerable research that demonstrates the successes of community-based learning techniques. Community-based pedagogies, for example, provide an opportunity for personal growth among students, augment GPA, and are associated with the development of critical thinking skills (Eyler & Giles, 1999). Service learning also appears to enhance students' 뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ뀀ഀȠ
Effects of Acute and Chronic Neuroleptic Treatment on the Activity of Mid brain Dopamine Neurons

The preceding data suggest that the primary effect of repeated AD administration on most midbrain DA neurons is inactivation. This depolarization-induced cessation of spontaneous activity would appear to have a marked effect on both basal and stimulated DA release from nerve terminals in that several studies, using voltametric techniques, have now demonstrated DA release to be diminished under these conditions. These findings stand in marked contrast to the acute effects of ADs where biochemical techniques have been used to demonstrate a marked increase in the release of DA into projection areas. The combined effects of acute and repeated AD administration on midbrain DA cell activity may explain the delay in onset of both their therapeutic and neurological side effects.
Scaling Up Whole-Book Recognition

We describe the results of large-scale experiments with algorithms for unsupervised improvement of recognition of book-images using fully automatic mutual-entropy-based model adaptation. Each experiment is initialized with an imperfect iconic model derived from errorful OCR results, and a more or less perfect linguistic model, after which our fully automatic adaptation algorithm corrects the iconic model to achieve improved accuracy, guided only by evidence within the test set. Mutual-entropy scores measure disagreements between the two models and identify candidates for iconic model correction. Previously published experiments have shown that word error rates fall monotonically with passage length. Here we show similar results for character error rates extending over far longer passages up to fifty pages in length: we observed error rates were driven from 25\% down to 1.9\%. We present new experimental results to support the motivating principle of our strategy: that error rates and mutual-entropy scores are strongly correlated. Also, we discuss theoretical, algorithmic, and methodological challenges that we have encountered as we scale up experiments towards complete books.
Modeling and control of a six degree-of-freedom magnetic/fluidic motion control stage

In this paper we describe a six degree of freedom positioning stage for fine motion control. The stage achieves a 6 /spl sigma/ positioning noise of 0.3 nm at a 1 Hz measuring bandwidth and a controller bandwidth of 5 Hz. Total travel is within a cube of 100 /spl mu/m. The single moving element is immersed in oil, forming squeeze film dampers between itself and the frame. This design results in a highly overdamped and vibration resistant system. Twelve electromagnets provide the forces necessary to suspend and servo the platen while six capacitance probes sense the position. We perform all of the controls digitally, using a PC-based digital signal processing board. The controller performs two functions that are essential to achieving 0.3 nm positioning resolution. First, it uses a detailed model of the stage in a feedback linearization scheme that linearizes and decouples the degrees of freedom. Second, it uses a combination of a digital filter and an estimator to reduce the effect of measurement noise by about two orders of magnitude. The end result is a stage that is suitable for positioning a sample with better than atomic resolution. Envisioned applications of the stage include producing the scanning motions required in scanned probe microscopy or as a motion control stage for integrated circuit metrology.
Method of moments analysis of an axisymmetric chiral radome

An axisymmetric chiral radome has been analyzed numerically by using the method of moments. The chiral body is illuminated by a plane wave and the surface equivalence principle is used to replace the body by equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents. The scattered field outside and the total internal field are produced by these equivalent currents. By using the boundary conditions on the surfaces of the body, eight simultaneous surface integral equations are obtained for four unknown equivalent surface currents. These eight equations are reduced to four by taking linear combinations of them. A Matlab computer program is developed for an axisymmetric chiral radome and examples of numerical calculations are given for a chiral spherical radome and chiral Von Karman radome. Numerical results of the chiral spherical radome are in excellent agreement with the exact ones obtained by the eigenfunction solution.
Functional characterization of NBC4: a new electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter

Sodium-bicarbonate cotransporters are homologous membrane proteins mediating the electrogenic or electroneutral transport of sodium and bicarbonate. Of the functionally characterized sodium-bicarbonate cotransporters (NBC), NBC1 proteins are known to be electrogenic. Here we report the cloning and functional characterization of NBC4c, a new splice variant of the NBC4 gene. At the amino acid level, NBC4c is 56% identical to NBC1 protein variants and 40% identical to electroneutral NBC3. When expressed in mammalian cells, NBC4c mediates electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransport. The transport of sodium and bicarbonate is chloride independent and is completely inhibited by DIDS. NBC4c transcripts were detected in several tissues including brain, heart, kidney, testis, pancreas, muscle, and peripheral blood leukocytes. The data indicate that NBC4c is an electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter. The finding that both NBC1 and NBC4c proteins function as electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporters will aid in determining the structural motifs responsible for this unique functional property, which distinguishes these transporters from other members of the bicarbonate transporter superfamily.
Visual sensitivity and parallel retinocortical channels.

In this review I summarize the major psychophysical and neurophysiological findings on the role of P and M pathways that may allow a unified explanation for visual sensitivity, and also analyze several proposed hypotheses
Temperature effects on germination of nine Amaranthus species

Abstract Germination of weed seed and time of emergence are greatly affected by temperature. The effects of temperature on seed germination of tumble pigweed, prostrate pigweed, smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, Powell amaranth, spiny amaranth, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and tall waterhemp were examined under constant and alternating temperature regimens at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C. Averaged over all temperatures, alternating temperature regimens increased total germination of all species, except Powell amaranth, which germinated similarly under both constant and alternating temperatures. In addition, Powell amaranth seed exhibited the highest total germination across all temperatures compared with the other amaranth species. Prostrate pigweed seed demonstrated the lowest total germination. Optimal temperatures for maximum germination were greater than 20 C for all species, except prostrate pigweed. The alternating temperature regimen centering at 30 C was used to compare the germination rat...
Whole-agent selectivity within the macaque face-processing system

The primate brain contains a set of face-selective areas, which are thought to extract the rich social information that faces provide, such as emotional state and personal identity. The nature of this information raises a fundamental question about these face-selective areas: Do they respond to a face purely because of its visual attributes, or because the face embodies a larger social agent? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether the macaque face patch system exhibits a whole-agent response above and beyond its responses to individually presented faces and bodies. We found a systematic development of whole-agent preference through the face patches, from subadditive integration of face and body responses in posterior face patches to superadditive integration in anterior face patches. Superadditivity was not observed for faces atop nonbody objects, implying categorical specificity of face–body interaction. Furthermore, superadditivity was robust to visual degradation of facial detail, suggesting whole-agent selectivity does not require prior face recognition. In contrast, even the body patches immediately adjacent to anterior face areas did not exhibit superadditivity. This asymmetry between face- and body-processing systems may explain why observers attribute bodies’ social signals to faces, and not vice versa. The development of whole-agent selectivity from posterior to anterior face patches, in concert with the recently described development of natural motion selectivity from ventral to dorsal face patches, identifies a single face patch, AF (anterior fundus), as a likely link between the analysis of facial shape and semantic inferences about other agents.
Acculturation And Its Relation To Asian-Indian Immigrants Perceptions Of Advertisements

This study attempts to determine whether the perceptions of Asian-Indian immigrants in the U.S. towards Indian print versus American print advertisements vary within and across stages of acculturation. Our results show that tow and moderate acculturated respondents had a greater preference for Indian advertisements while high acculturated Asian-Indians had a greater preference for American advertisements. Our findings imply that an understanding of the effect of acculturation could aid in planning and executing appropriate advertising programs in order to effectively cater to specific subsegments of the immigrant market.
A Multi-Scale Finite Element Model of the Cardiac Ventricles

For many years scientists have developed finite element models of the most complex systems on this planet. This has enabled finite element analysis to become a well-accepted tool in product development and other research needs. To-date few groups have focused on the development of an advanced cardiac model. Such a model would be useful to analyze medical diagnostics procedures, surgical interventions, changes in environment/function such as ischemia, hypertension, conduction abnormalities, microgravity,etc. This work presents the development of a sophisticated finite element model of the left and right ventricle, allowing us to analyze a wide range of (ab)normal physiological conditions and clinical procedures. The finite element model of the heart ventricles will include a nonlinear hyperelastic transversely isotropic strain energy density function representing the passive properties of cardiac tissue. A probabilistic model will be included describing the calcium binding and crossbridging kinetics of the myocytes. This constitutive framework will be defined within a realistic 3-dimensional fiber architectural model of both ventricles. Boundary conditions will be provided by a lumped circulatory model of the systemic and pulmonary vasculature as well as the heart atria. Upon completion and validation, using experimentally obtained in-vivo human (non-invasive) and animal (invasive) data, the model will be used to investigate the impact of two key contractile parameters on the ability of the heart to fill.
Transformation of Nonvirus Producing BALB/3T3 Cells by an Environmental Extract

Nonvirus-producing BALBc/3T3 murine cell cultures were shown to be susceptible to morphological transformation by a soot extract. This extract, based on benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) content, was several thousand times more potent in transforming cells than was pure BaP. The increased activity of the soot extract was not due to induction of an endogenous ‘C’ type virus. Chemical analysis identified several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carcinogens. Based on their contribution to the total content of the extract, it appears that the increased transforming activity of the soot was due to either synergistic action between the PAHs or the presence of noncarcinogenic promoting agents.
Integration of Geometric Sensitivity and Spatial Gradient Reconstruction for Aeroelastic Shape Optimization

Continuum Sensitivity Analysis (CSA) provides an analytic method to obtain sensitivities of structural and fluid responses. Its primary advantages are that sensitivities are analytic and mesh sensitivity is avoided. CSA involves solving a set of Continuum Sensitivity Equations (CSEs) derived from the governing equations of the original analysis. Solution to CSE requires two terms: spatial gradients of the response and geometric sensitivity, also known as design velocity. Spatial gradients of the response may be obtained using Spatial Gradient Reconstruction (SGR) technique. In this paper we present complex step results for computing the geometric sensitivity from tools such as MstcGeom and VT-CST. Use of SGR in CSA makes amenable the non-intrusive implementation of CSA. In this paper, we describe the specific requirements of a fluid analysis code for non-intrusive implementation of CSA. The results of a survey of some flow solvers are presented that help choose a flow solver. Flow sensitivities of a lid-driven cavity are computed using CSA. This example illustrates that flow sensitivities of a nonlinear fluid system can be found accurately by CSA with just a change of the boundary conditions and source terms, while retaining the same discretization. Another example is presented to illustrate the use of the flow solver Stanford University Unstructured (SU2) for obtaining aeroelastic shape sensitivity. This example establishes the use of SU2 for aeroelastic analysis and to obtain its sensitivity by the CSA approach.
Lung transplantation and bronchiolitis obliterans: an evolution in understanding

Major advancements in the field of lung transplantation have occurred over the past thirty-five years. Despite these advancements, limitations in our ability to obtain sufficient numbers of organs and in our comprehension of the problems associated with the procedure persist. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of both the surgical procedure and its most unfortunate complication, bronchiolitis obliterans. Even now, after over three decades of experience, this complication remains the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive review, and certainly there are important topics not covered herein. We have focused the discussion on ongoing studies, which attempt to understand bronchiolitis oblieterans at both the clinical as well as the immunopathological level.
Solvent-Induced Damage in Polyimide Thin Films

Solvent induced damage bands formed in residually strained polyimide thin films on different substrates have been studied. Microscopy studies have shown that these bands resemble crazes. A mechanics approach Is taken to understand the band formation phenomenon. The critical strain for damage formation has been identified. This strain decreases with increase in exposure time, but always exhibits a threshold value. In contrast to the cracking of brittle films, the critical strain has only a weak dependence on the film thickness over a wide range. This behavior obtains because the crazing of the polyimide films is nucleation controlled. Strain-enhanced diffusion of solvent into the films is considered to be responsible for the property degradation that leads to damage formation.
Guiding Career Development Prior to Capstone Experiences (Abstract Only)

A new course, Computer Science Professional Development Seminar, engages students in reflective self-discovery and career planning, and also facilitates attainment of student outcomes assessment data for continual improvement of our program. Prior to requiring this half-semester course, students selected when to attend colloquia and various presentations. This strategy did not insure that students had a common exposure to topics. Though this course is titled as a professionalism course, this poster describes broader content coverage. Lifelong learning, ethical professionalism, and social media are included. The learning experiences in this course encourage students to establish an early commitment to their personal career development. Additionally, students are guided to increase their awareness of social issues and professional practice knowledge areas from CS2013. Targeted to the second-year (sophomore) population, this course helps connect the students with our departmental community and leads the students to better understand expectations and capstone opportunities. During this course, students receive mentorship by upper-class students, alumni, faculty, staff, and outside computing professionals. Since the course is required, students are afforded dedicated time to expand their understanding of professionalism, to learn about many opportunities for undergraduates, to reflect on case studies and on their intended career path, and to advance their preparations for the next step of their career.This annual course has been offered four times. We strive to keep section enrollments at seminar level to facilitate discussion and to promote community. Some events with outside speakers require one common meeting of all sections. Course management strategies are offered.
Building a Web-Features Taxonomy for Structuring Web Design Guidelines

This paper proposes a framework for structuring web design guidelines that incorporates the hierarchies of web features and their semantic relationships with HTML and CSS. It is argued that this approach will be synchronous with the mental model of web designers, thus making the guidelines more usable. In addition, this approach embraces both external and internal aspects of web design, so there is little compromise on the coverage of web design issues. An experiment was conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of the proposed framework with other guideline structures (e.g., principle-oriented and a mixture of principle and feature-oriented). There was evidence that the principle-oriented guidelines performed worse than the other structures, but the analyses failed to establish that the proposed framework as the most effective. The experiment showed promising results but it suffered from small sample size. In spite of this, it is believed that the proposed taxonomy and framework has laid the ground...
Characterization of the t‑Butyl Radical and Its Elusive Anion

The t-butyl radical and its anion are studied theoretically using state-of-the-art quantum mechanical methods including coupled cluster theory with full single, double, and triple excitations (CCSDT) and CCSDT with perturbative quadruple excitations [CCSDT(Q)], in concert with large correlation-consistent cc-pVXZ and aug-cc-pVXZ (X = D, T, Q, 5) basis sets. The relative energies are extrapolated to the complete basis set limit (CBS). The lowest energy structure of the t-butyl radical has a nonplanar carbon backbone with overall C3v symmetry. Low-lying C3h and Cs symmetry transition states, for pyramidal inversion and methyl group rotation, respectively, between equivalent C3v minima are investigated. The barriers for these interconversions are both less than 1 kcal mol(-1), but the corresponding barriers on the anion potential energy surface are more pronounced. Using the focal point analysis technique, we obtain a value of -0.48 kcal mol(-1) for the t-butyl radical adiabatic electron affinity at the CCSDT(Q)/CBS level of theory, where the negative sign indicates that the formation of the t-butyl anion is adiabatically unfavorable. We show that the electron affinity, whose sign has been the subject of debate, is very sensitive to both the basis set and the correlation treatment, and previous experimental and theoretical estimates of its value bracket the value computed herein. Our results indicate that the t-butyl anion is classically metastable with a vertical detachment energy of over 10 kcal mol(-1) to reach the neutral potential energy surface. However, the inclusion of the zero-point vibrational effects seems to favor its nonexistence.
Verbal noise and linguistic constraints

Repeated interjection of a single irrelevant word into sentences, anomalous word-strings, anagrammatic word-strings, and word-lists provides a kind of verbal noise which may amplify the effects of linguistic constraints in immediate memory. In 15 normal Ss such verbal noise significantly decreased immediate recall of word-strings lacking syntactic structure or semantic coherence or both, but had no significant effect on recall of sentences.
Performative Memory: The Nakba and the Construction of Identity in Palestinian Film

The year 2014 was the 66th anniversary of the war between Arab nations and the newly established State of Israel. Israel commemorates this conflict as its war of independence, while Palestinian Arabs, both Christian and Muslim, know it as Al Nakba, the catastrophe. Over 700,000 people became refugees, fleeing or being driven out into the desert, many with only the clothes on their backs. Before the Nakba, Palestinian Arab society was organized along feudal and tribal lines; its coherence had been successively challenged by the post-World War One British Mandate for Palestine, Zionist colonization, and the beginnings of modernization. This society shared the Arabic language with many other countries. The violence and trauma of the Nakba, and subsequent military victories won by Israel against Arab attacks in 1967 and 1973 have all been instrumental in forging what did not exist so strongly before: an Arab-Palestinian identity. The second- or third-generation descendants of those original refugees—whether in the Palestinian diaspora or languishing in refugee camps, in Israeli prisons, in the West Bank, in Gaza, or in Israel itself—identify themselves as Palestinians.1 The idea of Palestinian nationhood is now increasingly associated with cultural manifestations—in film, in literature, in art, in music—that serve to bind together the sense of a community with common goals.
Nitrogen Dynamics of Pulp and Paper Sludge Amendment to Forest Soils

The use of pulp and paper sludge as a forest soil amendment was investigated in these studies. The fate of nitrogen added from field applications of P&P sludge was determined. Primary sludge was found to immobilize small amounts of N, while secondary sludge mineralized over 70% of the N over a 21 month period. A large portion (39-82%) of the mineralized N was not accounted for by uptake, soil storage and nitrate leaching, and was assumed to be gaseous losses. Growth response from P&P sludge amendments was measured. Surface application of primary sludge apparently had a beneficial mulching effect, as growth was 52-131% greater than in control soils. Addition of N to primary sludge resulted in growth 151-223% greater than in controls. Secondary sludge surface-applied resulted in excellent growth compared to controls (112-319% greater).
Hailstorm Characterization and the Crystal Structure of Hail

The difficulty of quantifying hail intensity is evidenced by the fact that most researchers on hail have felt it necessary to establish special networks and reporting procedures in order to obtain more precise information on hail occurrences (Beckwith, 1960; Decker and Calvin, 1961; Donaldson, et al. 1960; Douglas, 1960; Schleusener and Grant, 1961; Stout, Blackmer and Wilk, 1960).
Functional Analysis of ACL Insertion Site

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In this book chapter, we review the literature and propose our rationale for the optimal position of the femoral tunnel. Biomechanical, histologic, clinical, and anatomic evidence suggests that the ACL graft should be placed anterior (high) and proximal (deep) within the anatomical femoral footprint as this position (I) is within the anatomical footprint, (II) is at the most isometric position, (III) experiences low graft tension, and (IV) is within the histologic direct load-bearing fibers. Osseous landmarks including the lateral intercondylar ridge and the lateral bifurcate ridge can be used to identify this optimal femoral tunnel location. Both transtibial and anteromedial drilling techniques can be used to place the graft at this tunnel position, but currently there is no clear advantage in one technique over the other.
Cogenerating Synthetic Parts toward a Self-Replicating System.

To build replicating systems with new functions, the engineering of existing biological machineries requires a sensible strategy. Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements (PURE) system consists of the desired components for transcription, translation, aminoacylation and energy regeneration. PURE might be the basis for a radically alterable, lifelike system after optimization. Here, we regenerated 54 E. coli ribosomal (r-) proteins individually from DNA templates in the PURE system. We show that using stable isotope labeling with amino acids, mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics could detect 26 of the 33 50S and 20 of the 21 30S subunit r-proteins when coexpressed in batch format PURE system. By optimizing DNA template concentrations and adapting a miniaturized Fluid Array Device with optimized feeding solution, we were able to cogenerate and detect at least 29 of the 33 50S and all of the 21 30S subunit r-proteins in one pot. The boost on yield of a single r-protein in coexpression pool var...
The interplay between early language and temperamental difficulties in the prediction of severe antisocial behavior among males

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether early language deficits increase the risk of severe antisocial behavior among male children, and whether this association varies as a function of negative temperament during infancy. Design/methodology/approach Data are derived from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Both survey methods and direct observations were employed to obtain the data. Logistic regression was used to examine the research questions at hand. Findings Male children with oral vocabulary and grammatical/syntactic deficits during the toddler years exhibited more frequent antisocial behavior across home and school settings during kindergarten, relative to boys without language deficits. However, this relationship was limited to males who manifested negative temperament/affect during their infancy, as reported on by both parents and independent raters. Originality/value Prior research on language, temperament, and antisocial behavior has generally overlooked the potential for these early-life risk factors for subsequent offending to interact with each other. The findings of the present study suggest that early intervention and prevention efforts should account for ways in which individual temperamental differences can structure behavioral responses to cognitive challenges.
A microfluidic chamber-based approach to map the shear moduli of vascular cells and other soft materials

There is growing interest in quantifying vascular cell and tissue stiffness. Most measurement approaches, however, are incapable of assessing stiffness in the presence of physiological flows. We developed a microfluidic approach which allows measurement of shear modulus (G) during flow. The design included a chamber with glass windows allowing imaging with upright or inverted microscopes. Flow was controlled gravitationally to push culture media through the chamber. Fluorescent beads were conjugated to the sample surface and imaged before and during flow. Bead displacements were calculated from images and G was computed as the ratio of imposed shear stress to measured shear strain. Fluid-structure simulations showed that shear stress on the surface did not depend on sample stiffness. Our approach was verified by measuring the moduli of polyacrylamide gels of known stiffness. In human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, G was 20.4 ± 12 Pa and decreased by 20% and 22% with increasing shear stress and inhibition of non-muscle myosin II motors, respectively. The G showed a larger intra- than inter-cellular variability and it was mostly determined by the cytosol. Our shear modulus microscopy can thus map the spatial distribution of G of soft materials including gels, cells and tissues while allowing the visualization of microscopic structures such as the cytoskeleleton.
X-ray diffraction study of distorted perovskites R(Co3/4Ti1/4)O3 (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho)

The crystal structure and powder patterns were prepared for the distorted perovskite series R(Co3/4Ti1/4)O3 (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho). The R(Co3/4Ti1/4)O3 members are isostructural with each other and are crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pnma, Z = 4. From R = La to Ho, the lattice parameters a range from 5.4614(3) to 5.5368(2) A, b range from 7.7442(4) to 7.4859(2) A, and c range from 5.5046(3) to 5.2170(2) A. The unit-cell volumes, V which range from 232.81(2) to 216.237(11) A3 follow the trend of “lanthanide contraction”. The structure distortion of these compounds is evidenced in the tilt angles θ, ϕ, and ω, which represent rotations of an octahedron about the pseudo-cubic perovskite [110]p, [001]p and [111]p axes. All three tilt angles increase across the lanthanide series (for R = La to R = Ho: θ increases from 8.34° to 17.00°, ϕ from 6.24° to 8.53°, and ω from 10.41° to 18.96°), indicating a greater octahedral distortion as the ionic radius of R 3+ [r(R 3+)] decreases. The bond valence sum values for the (Co/Ti) site and the R site of R(Co3/4Ti1/4)O3 reveal no significant bond strain in these compounds. X-ray diffraction patterns of the R(Co3/4Ti1/4)O3 samples were submitted to the Powder Diffraction File.
Quench Protection Solutions for Magnets Fabricated With Insulated HTS Tape Conductors

Quench protection is the elephant in the room, when it comes to high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. For many HTS magnets, quench protection has not been much of a problem, because the stored energies of the magnets have been low compared to low temperature superconducting magnets. The principles of quench protection are the same regardless of the type of superconductor used. In general, a quench is not a problem if the adiabatic hot spot temperature at the end of the quench is less than a temperature that damages the conductor or its insulation and the magnet voltages are low enough not to breach the magnet insulation. It has long been understood that quench propagation along an HTS conductor is much slower than for Nb-Ti. The reason for this is the large enthalpy change that occurs during a quench of an HTS conductor. The magnet quench characteristics are a function of the conductor current density, the local temperature margin, and the ratio of copper to noncopper in the conductor. With an HTS conductor one must add the effect of conductor field orientation that can affect both the critical current and the critical temperature. This paper explores ways for protecting magnets made from insulated rare earth (and Yttrium) barium copper oxide (ReBCO) tape or a similar HTS conductor that can be wound after reaction.
High-Dose vs. Standard-Dose Heparin for VTE Prophylaxis in Obese Patients.

In most patients weighing more than 220 lb (100 kg), high-dose heparin prophylaxis (7,500 units subcutaneously three times per day) does not further reduce the risk of VTE compared with standard-dose heparin (5,000 units subcutaneously two or three times per day).
A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat C-peptide.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for rat serum C-peptide (RCP) has been developed and validated using a guinea pig anti-rat C-peptide antibody to synthetic rat C-peptide. Negligible crossreactivity (<0.01%) to human proinsulin was observed, whereas human insulin, human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), porcine insulin, porcine C-peptide, bovine insulin, rat insulin, porcine-PP, and glucagon, respectively, did not produce measurable displacement of RCP tracer. Human C-peptide even in a supraphysiological concentration range crossreacted poorly (<0.1%). The sensitivity limit of the assay calculated at ±3 standard deviations was 24.2pM (0.07 ng/mL). RCP standard concentrations ranged from 25–1600pM. The intraassay-and between assay-coefficient of variations (CV) were 3.5–6.1% and 4.1–9.5%, respectively. The mean percentage recovery of RCP added to rat serum samples was 100.8±2%. Serum volume dilution from 25 to 100 μL did not significantly alter the expected RCP level. Migration of rat serum C-peptide and that of synthetic RCP were identical in a Sephadex G-50 chromatographic analysis. The mean fasting and postprandial plasma RCP levels in normal rats were 102±15pM and 485±75pM, respectively. RCP levels following intravenous glucose tolerance test in diabetic and nondiabetic rats were consistent with expected patterns.
Influence of isoproterenol and cholestyramine on acute gastric mucosal ulcerogenesis.

One thesis concerning the pathogenesis of “stress ulcer” states that the combination of (1) bile acid-induced H+ “back diffusion” and (2) gastric mucosal ischemia is acutely Hg) to induce ischemia, this thesis was further tested by selectively mitigating either the ischemic or the back diffusion components of the model. Vascularized wedges of proximal canine gastric wall mounted in Lucite chambers were studied. With the mucosa directly visualized, control group A (6 dogs) was subjected sequentially to (1) topical acid test solution alone (ATS), (2) ATS + S, and (3) ATS + S + topical 5 mM Na taurocholate (TC). Study group B (6 dogs): (1) ATS, (2) ATS + S + the (3 adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, 1.5 p.g per kg-min infused into the splenic artery, and (3) ATS + S + TC + isoproterenol. Study group C (6 dogs): (1) ATS, (2) ATS + S + the bile acidbinding resin, cholestyramine (C), 4 g per liter, and (3) ATS + S + TC + C. During each period the net flux of H+, the electrical potential difference, and the aminopyrine clearance (AC) were determined. Mucosal damage (intramucosal hemorrhage, erosions, and ulcers, graded 0 to 5) was assessed blindly by an independent observer using photographs. The results indicate (1) that, despite H+ back diffusion comparable to ATS + S + TC, intraarterial isoproterenol significantly protects against lesion formation by increasing AC, and (2) that, despite a reduction in AC comparable to ATS + S + TC, topical C significantly protects against lesion formation by preventing excessive back diffusion of H+.
Personal Reflections on Connick v. Thompson

This essay describes a minor role that I took in Connick v. Thompson. After offering that background, I use the case to discuss why I oppose the death penalty.
Neutral Particle Beam Alternative Concept for ITER

An analysis of an ITER neutral particle beam system is presented. The analysis covers the neutralizer, ion dumps, pumping, and geometric aspects. The US beam concept for ITER consists of three or four clusters of beamlines delivering approximately 80 MW total of 1.6-MeV deuterium to three or four reactor ports. Each cluster has three self-contained beamlines featuring plasma neutralizers and electrostatic ion dumps. In this study, each of the beamlines has two source assemblies with separate gas neutralizers and magnetic ion dumps. Deuterium is injected into the gas neutralizers by a separate system. Saddle-shaped copper coils augment the tokamak poloidal field to turn the charged particles into the ion dumps. The gas flow from the source, neutralizer, and ion dump is pumped by regenerable cryopanels. The effect of the port between the TF coils and the beam injection angle on the plasma footprint was studied.
Exploring relationships of spring green-up to moisture and temperature across Wyoming, U.S.A

Vegetation green-up signals the timing of available nutritious plants and shrubs providing high-quality forage for ungulates. In this study, we characterized spatial and temporal patterns of spring phenology and explored how they were related to preceding temperature and moisture conditions. We tested correlations between late winter weather and indicators of the onset and the length of the spring growing period with 250-m resolution time-series satellite data (2001 – 2013) for Wyoming, USA. In western Wyoming mountains, drier and warmer conditions during late winter were associated with earlier spring green-up onset of growth in forests, shrubs, and grasses. In the northeast mountains, onset of spring correlated positively with preceding warmer temperatures, but not with precipitation. In most basin and plains shrublands and grasslands, spring onset was not correlated with temperature, although earlier onset of spring was correlated with drier conditions in 25% of shrub/scrub areas. Results about...
Light to moderate drinking and therapeutic doses of acetaminophen: An assessment of risks for renal dysfunction.

Abstract This study investigated the potential effect of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (APAP) in combination with light-moderate amounts of alcohol on kidney functions controlling for factors such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity that may predispose the kidney to APAP and/or alcohol toxicity. Secondary analysis of the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was performed using SAS 9.4. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the likelihood that individuals who ingested therapeutic doses of APAP and light-moderate amount of alcohol, compared to those who did not, would have kidney dysfunction were generated from multiple logistics regression models by further controlling for potential predisposing factors namely hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Kidney dysfunction was defined based on self-reports and laboratory examination of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin creatinine ratio (ABCR). Statistically significant increased odds of renal dysfunction were noted among respondents who reported use of therapeutic doses of APAP and light-moderate amount of alcohol [OR(95% CI) = 1.64(1.28–2.10) self-report, 2.18(1.81–2.63) SCr, 4.60(3.03–7.00) BUN, 3.14(2.42–4.07) GFR, and 1.71(1.36–2.14) ALBCR)] even after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes and obesity [Adjusted OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.22–2.58) self-report, 2.05 (1.07–3.92) GFR]. The toxic effects of APAP and alcohol on the kidney were hypothesized. The threshold doses at which these effects begin to occur are unknown. The findings of this study suggest that even therapeutic doses of APAP and light-moderate amount of alcohol could be health problematic if consumed concomitantly.
Author Correction: Spontaneous synchrony in power-grid networks

In the version of this Article originally published, a normalization factor was missing in the function used to create the right side of the plot in Fig. 2b (where β > 2); please see the correction notice for details.