cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and scattering in an integrated heterodyned laser biochemical sensor

We demonstrate a novel biochemical sensor based on monolithically integrated heterodyned sampled-grating DBR lasers. An untraditional waveguide design will allow detection of single 100 nm diameter macromolecules.
Downsizing Survivors' Communication Networks and Reactions: A Longitudinal Examination of Information Flow and Turnover Intentions:

The pre- and postdownsizing information flow and postdownsizing turnover intentions of downsizing survivors were examined in the corporate office of an international hotel company. Using a combination of network analysis and path analysis, the relationship between changes in downsizing survivors' betweenness centrality and perceptions of information adequacy relative to reported turnover intentions were examined across two postdownsizing time periods. Results of the path analyses provided general support for the model as hypothesized, indicating in postdownsizing periods that changes to network members' network centrality positively influenced changes in their perceptions of information adequacy, which then negatively influenced their turnover intentions. The article concludes with a discussion of the support for the hypotheses and the study's limitations and pragmatic implications.
COSINE: COndition-SpecIfic sub-NEtwork identification using a global optimization method

Motivation: The identification of condition specific sub-networks from gene expression profiles has important biological applications, ranging from the selection of disease-related biomarkers to the discovery of pathway alterations across different phenotypes. Although many methods exist for extracting these sub-networks, very few existing approaches simultaneously consider both the differential expression of individual genes and the differential correlation of gene pairs, losing potentially valuable information in the data. Results: In this article, we propose a new method, COSINE (COndition SpecIfic sub-NEtwork), which employs a scoring function that jointly measures the condition-specific changes of both ‘nodes’ (individual genes) and ‘edges’ (gene–gene co-expression). It uses the genetic algorithm to search for the single optimal sub-network which maximizes the scoring function. We applied COSINE to both simulated datasets with various differential expression patterns, and three real datasets, one prostate cancer dataset, a second one from the across-tissue comparison of morbidly obese patients and the other from the across-population comparison of the HapMap samples. Compared with previous methods, COSINE is more powerful in identifying truly significant sub-networks of appropriate size and meaningful biological relevance. Availability: The R code is available as the COSINE package on CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/COSINE/index.html.
Food craving as a mediator between addictive-like eating and problematic eating outcomes

Background There is growing interest and debate about whether an addictive process contributes to problematic eating outcomes, such as obesity. Craving is a core component of addiction, but there has been little research on the relationship between addictive-like eating, craving, and eating-related concerns. In the current study, we examine the effect of both overall food craving and craving for different types of food on the relationship between addictive-like eating symptoms and elevated body mass index (BMI) and binge eating episodes.
Does Self-Compassion Protect Adolescents from Stress?

The aim of this study was to determine whether adolescents who were high in self-compassion self-reported different levels of emotional wellbeing than adolescents who were low in self-compassion, and to determine whether those high in self-compassion responded differently under a lab social stressor than those low in self-compassion. In a lab setting, participants (age 13–18; n = 28) completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and physiological stress was assessed via salivary cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability at baseline, during the TSST, and during recovery. After completing the lab protocol, an email was sent to participants that provided a link to an online survey which was composed of emotional wellbeing measures including perceived stress, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect. After conducting repeated measure ANOVAS to determine that the TSST induced a significant stress response, the sample was split at the median of self-compassion. T tests were conducted to determine meaningful differences (Hedges’ g > .20) between the groups. Findings indicated that those in the high self-compassion group (≥the median) self-reported greater emotional wellbeing than those in the low self-compassion group (<the median). Overall, those in the high self-compassion group also had a lower physiologic stress response when exposed to the TSST than those in the low self-compassion group. Regression analyses were also conducted; baseline self-compassion predicted self-reported emotional wellbeing, but did not predict physiological response to the TSST. Findings support the potential buffering effect that self-compassion may have in protecting adolescents from social stressors; yet more research needs to be conducted in larger samples to confirm and replicate these findings.
A Multi-Scale Continuum Theory for Heterogeneous Materials

For the design of materials, it is important to faithfully model the physics due to interactions at the microstructural scales [18, 17, 19]. While brute-force modeling of all the details of the microstructure is too costly, current homogenized continuum models suffer from their inability to sufficiently capture the correct physics — especially where localization and failure are concerned. To overcome this limitation, a multi-scale continuum theory is proposed so that kinematic variables representing the deformation at various scales are incorporated. The method of virtual power is then used to derive a system of coupled governing equations, each equation representing a particular scale and its interactions with the macro-scale. A constitutive relation is then introduced to preserve the underlying physics associated with each scale. The inelastic behavior is represented by multiple yield functions, each representing a particular scale of microstructure, but collectively coupled through the same set of internal variables. The proposed theory is applied to model porous metals and high strength steel. For the high strength steel the microstructure of interest consists of two populations of inclusions at distinct scales, in an alloy matrix.
The Implications of Income

Chapter 8 showed that people’s attitudes toward their neighborhood are associated with its racial composition and that this in turn is related to the choices and constraints facing the residents. However, given that neighborhoods will vary along a number of characteristics, a more detailed examination of individual neighborhoods is required in order to obtain a better understanding of which characteristics or combinations thereof are associated with more positive feelings of attachment and satisfaction. This additional analysis will provide a better perspective for assessing the interrelationships among a number of variables, thus depicting the contextual characteristics of neighborhoods which are associated with a stronger social fabric.
Using Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Research to Promote Family Therapy with Adolescents in Residential Settings

For some time, the incorporation of family therapy in adolescent residential settings has been found to be related to improved outcomes. Nevertheless, there is an insufficient amount of research focusing specifically on the family therapy realm of residential treatment for adolescents. In an effort to address the problem of limited research within the field, this paper provides descriptions of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods that can be used in these settings. This paper takes the position that a scientist-practitioner approach may be most useful for expanding the literature on the subject. Furthermore, research questions that could be addressed are outlined, and studies that could be conducted to strengthen the place of family therapy in adolescent residential treatment are described. One of the difficulties associated with conducting such research is the diverse types of programs available. This paper offers a common language that can be used to describe each of the different types of settings. Throughout the paper, these descriptions facilitate the depiction of how research methods can be applied.
Design and Analysis of a Neuromemristive Reservoir Computing Architecture for Biosignal Processing

Reservoir computing (RC) is gaining traction in several signal processing domains, owing to its non-linear stateful computation, spatiotemporal encoding, and reduced training complexity over recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of software-based RCs for a wide spectrum of applications. A parallel body of work indicates that realizing RNN architectures using custom integrated circuits and reconfigurable hardware platforms yields significant improvements in power and latency. In this research, we propose a neuromemristive RC architecture, with doubly twisted toroidal structure, that is validated for biosignal processing applications. We exploit the device mismatch to implement the random weight distributions within the reservoir and propose mixed-signal subthreshold circuits for energy efficiency. A comprehensive analysis is performed to compare the efficiency of the neuromemristive RC architecture in both digital(reconfigurable) and subthreshold mixed-signal realizations. Both Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electromyogram (EMG) biosignal benchmarks are used for validating the RC designs. The proposed RC architecture demonstrated an accuracy of 90 and 84% for epileptic seizure detection and EMG prosthetic finger control, respectively.
Shadows on the landscape: an inquiry into the value of some Australian places

In 1922, Australian places connected with a solar eclipse were of world-historical significance as they were associated with empirical confirmation of Einstein's general theory of relativity. They also formed a major part of Australian national consciousness, although they have since reverted to lost geographies. An exploration of Australian reception of eclipse science leads to questions of official heritage construction and stereotypical national identity. An argument is presented for the importance of intangible heritage at national, communal, and individual levels. At the complex intersection between memory and identity, place value is investigated within wider social-political formations with emphasis on participation across perceived boundaries of social class, gender, and ethnicity, including the valuable role of Aboriginal peoples.
Executive Summary: Recommendations for Criminal Justice and Community Agencies in Contact with Criminal Justice-Involved Veterans

Official statistics indicate that approximately 10% of incarcerated offenders are veterans. Increased attention has been paid to a distinct constellation of issues and needs in relation to military service and/or training (e.g., mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder, reintegration, substance abuse), which may increase the likelihood of contact with the criminal justice system. Individuals facing these challenges require specific services, but barriers to their access exist, including insurance coverage and stigmatization. With the increased awareness of the “invisible wounds of war,” practitioners have called for initiatives to: 1) improve public safety, including the safety of first responders and the veterans they are responding to 2) provide treatment focused responses 3) reduce recidivism (later contact with the criminal justice system).This summary reports the results from the first annual Justice Involved Veterans Stakeholder Summit that took place from November 9th through 11th of 2015 in Huntsville, Texas. The summit was organized by the Texas Veterans Commission, the Department of State Health Services, the Bell/Lampasas County Community Supervision and Corrections Department, and the Meadows Mental Health Policy Institute in partnership with the Law Enforcement Management Institute and Correctional Management Institute of Texas at Sam Houston State University. Participants included of subject matter experts on veterans, mental health, and criminal justice issues and practitioner participants from all stages of the criminal justice system. All participants are listed at the end of this report.The Summit’s goal was to produce recommendations for strategies targeting veterans in contact with the criminal justice system specifically using the GAINS Center Sequential Intercept Model. This model focuses on partnerships between mental health and criminal justice entities and includes the five following intercepts:1) 911/Law Enforcement2) Initial Detention/Initial Court Hearings3) Jails/Specialty Courts4) Jail Reentry/Prison Reentry5) Community SupervisionThe practitioner participants were divided into five groups, one for each intercept, based on their roles in their institutions and agencies. The subject matter experts moved between groups and were called upon by groups to advise as needed.This report presents the problems, needs, barriers, and corresponding solutions collectively identified by the groups and subject matter experts. While the focus was on the State of Texas, these recommendations can be implemented by a wide variety of communities.
Negro Class Structure and the Technicways

Each of these methods, techniques and tools present inadequacies and problems connected with their application in the field and in relation to certain types of data. But if the researcher is constantly aware of the methodological foibles and if he strives assiduously to correct and complement one method, one tool by others, the total set of data then becomes reliable insight materials. Throughout this paper we have attempted to suggest problems peculiar to our particular piece of research. We do not feel that these are applicable to all community research, but it is our contention that they may serve as suggestive guides against pitfalls.
Spray Volume Measurement as an Interface Between Laboratory and Field Efficacy Data

Examination of spray volume and deposit data from two field applications of chemical toxicants to western spruce budworm, Chorisroneura occidentalis Freeman, and one field application to Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pselidorsugata (McDunnough), revealed that spray volume assessed on the ground beneath trees or at tree drip lines realistically estimated the dosage to which insects were actually exposed. The estimated dosage variable can be used with the logic of a laboratory-based efficacy model to calculate expected mortality. For the three data sets examined, prediction success as measured by a X2 goodness-of-fit test ranged from 73 to 95%. Mean percent mortality calculated by the model was within 5% of that actually observed in all cases. Feedback between results of field applications and predictions of the efficacy model by means of the spray volume interface will permit more precise selection of dosages and timing of spray applications and identification of situations needing further laboratory investigation.
Broad Frequency Vibration Energy Harvesting Control Approach Based on the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

A control law for an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is derived using the maximum power transfer theorem. Using regenerative electronics, the controller cancels the reactive portion of the harvester’s impedance by eliminating the effect of mechanical inertia and stiffness elements, and the coil’s electrical inductive element. The result is an energy harvester approach that captures more vibrational energy than a passive tuned harvester. It is shown that the controlled system acts like an infinite series of passive harvesters tuned to all frequency components within a certain frequency range. The control approach also avoids the delay and computational overhead of a Fast Fourier Transform as it does not require the explicit calculation of the excitation frequency. An experimental prototype harvester was built and characterized. The prototype’s multi-domain dynamics were modeled using bond-graph techniques, and its behavior as a passive harvester was experimentally validated. The prototype’s behavior under the proposed control method is simulated and compared to the passive case. It is shown that the proposed control method harvests more power for a range of excitation frequencies than the passive harvester.© 2013 ASME
Some thoughts on World War II

The fiftieth anniversary of World War II stimulated vast interest in its major events. From the fiftieth anniversary of its outbreak through the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Britain and of Pearl Harbor and a whole series of such anniversaries, the parade continues until 1995. Because of my work on a general history of the war over a period of fourteen years, I would like to suggest some issues which appear in need of further discussion and examination. When examined with care, these issues may cause us to look at the events of that war somewhat differently. For convenience matters are put forward a country at a time. Since the Germans began the war with their invasion of Poland in 1939, they will be put first. The single most difficult task all those working on World War II in Europe and North Africa face is the need to penetrate the fog of distortion and confusion generated by the vast German memoir literature, especially that of the generals like Heinz Guderian and Erich von Manstein. Long the basic staple on which secondary literature was based, closer examination of these works with reference to contemporary evidence has shown the memoirs to be almost invariably inaccurate, distorted, and in some instances simply faked.
XII. Femme-inism: In daily pursuit of personal liberation:

Personal liberation for queer-identified feminists requires that we become conscious about what is inhibiting our ability to combat oppression and act in congruence with our own truth (Moane, 2010). To this end, some scholars have framed feminism as a mechanism of personal liberation from gender and sexist oppression. Yet, this connection can be critiqued due to the disproportionate value traditionally placed on the needs of upper-middle class white women within feminist circles (hooks, 1999). We challenge and complicate extant assertions of personal liberation from sexism through embracing feminism by asking questions such as: Feminist liberation for whom and at whose expense? Those who interrogate the complexity of these questions can draw upon intersectionality theory (Choo & Ferree, 2010; Crenshaw, 1991), but it is still difficult for feminists who occupy intersecting marginalized identities to gain visibility within mono-focused movements (e.g., gender-based violence movement) because the resources of these movements are still often dedicated to ending only one form of oppression (e.g., sexism). We believe that feminists have been seeking ways to ‘‘do’’ intersectionality in historically mono-focused movements without direct
The RWJF’s Investment In Nursing To Strengthen The Health Of Individuals, Families, And Communities

Throughout its history the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has made a deep commitment to nursing, investing more than $592 million in programs to sustain, grow, and reshape the nurse workforce. In recent years the foundation has adopted strategies to expand the impact and reach of its nursing grants. The RWJF supported the 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) study on the future of nursing, which envisioned expanded roles for nurses in the US health care system. Since then, the RWJF has invested heavily in implementing the IOM report’s recommendations through the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action, a partnership with AARP. In the past three years, that report has been the most-read IOM publication. Also, “action coalitions” are working in fifty states and the District of Columbia to implement its recommendations; philanthropic partners are also supporting implementation; and leaders in academic and clinical nursing settings continue their work to advance nurse education, changes in scope of practice...
Matrix and Network Models in Archaeology

An important part of an archaeologist's work is to assign dates to finds, or deposits. For example, the deposits may be graves in a prehistoric cemetery or strata in a trench dug at the site of an ancient settlement. The deposits may contain artifacts such as pottery, jewelry, or tools. Under very fortuitous circumstances, an inscription or other unambiguous characteristic of an artifact literally labels the deposit with a date. However, such luck is not common, and so archaeologists use mathematical and statistical techniques to help solve the problem of dating deposits. This article describes the fairly recent development of the use of matrices and networks to solve an ordering problem of particular interest to archaeologists called the seriation problem, and illustrates these techniques with two examples from the archaeological literature. These same ideas have been successfully applied in genetics, psychology, and management. Most of the work discussed is due to D. G. Kendall, E. M. Wilkinson, and G. Laporte, but the formulations and proofs supplied here are generally simpler than the original ones. An extensive survey of the problem from an archaeologist's point of view appears in [22], and an overview of the application of mathematics to archaeology can be found in [6], [11], and [3].
New product innovation in established companies: associations with industry and strategy variables

As concern over the competitiveness of the U.S. persists, attention is given to understanding the factors associated with product innovation. To date, the bulk of research has focused on the organi...
HEART FAILURE READMISSION AFTER ISOLATED AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN THE MEDICARE POPULATION: ROLE OF PREOPERATIVE HEART FAILURE

Large scale data of heart failure (HF) readmission after aortic valve replacement (AVR) are limited. With increased use of TAVR in the elderly, these data can be useful as a benchmark for future quality of care initiatives. Medicare patients > 65 years of age with primary isolated AVR from 2000-
A Novel Pathway Analysis Approach Based on the Unexplained Disregulation of Genes

A crucial step in the understanding of any phenotype is the correct identification of the signaling pathways that are significantly impacted in that phenotype. However, most current pathway analysis methods produce both false positives as well as false negatives in certain circumstances. We hypothesized that such incorrect results are due to the fact that the existing methods fail to distinguish between the primary dis-regulation of a given gene itself and the effects of signaling coming from upstream. Furthermore, a modern whole-genome experiment performed with a next-generation technology spends a great deal of effort to measure the entire set of 30000–100000 transcripts in the genome. This is followed by the selection of a few hundreds differentially expressed genes, step that literally discards more than 99% of the collected data. We also hypothesized that such a drastic filtering could discard many genes that play crucial roles in the phenotype. We propose a novel topology-based pathway analysis method that identifies significantly impacted pathways using the entire set of measurements, thus allowing the full use of the data provided by NGS techniques. The results obtained on 24 real data sets involving 12 different human diseases, as well as on 8 yeast knock-out data sets show that the proposed method yields significant improvements with respect to the state-of-the-art methods: SPIA, GSEA, and GSA. Availability: Primary dis-regulation analysis is implemented in R and included in ROntoTools Bioconductor package (versions $\geq$ 2.0.0). https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ROntoTools.html .
Computer/Online-Mediated Social Support for Cancer-Related Fatigue

Fatigue is a pervasive symptom in individuals with cancer that is often underrecognized and undertreated by health care providers. Contrasted with the sparse data in support of pharmacologic interventions for the management of cancer-related fatigue, the literature for nonpharmacologic interventions is vast. In particular, support groups have proven beneficial. Limited access, transportation issues, and unwillingness to share in a public forum represent just a few of the barriers to more widespread participation in face-to-face support groups. Millions of people with cancer rely on the Internet to gain information regarding their diagnosis and to validate their cancer experience. Tapping into this wealth of online information is an obvious avenue for patients with cancer-related fatigue to seek support. This article explores online- and computer-mediated support groups for fatigue.
A pilot study of time allocation and reimbursement for routine obstetric ultrasonography.

Objective. To evaluate time allocation during initial and repeated ultrasonography and to formulate recommendations to improve unit efficiency. Methods. Over a 2-year period, 51 comprehensive ultrasonographic examinations between 14 and 38 weeks' gestational age were observed by a single reviewer. Each patient-sonographer interaction was divided into timed segments, including setup, examination time, review, and turnover. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics, Student t test, and analysis of variance was performed to determine the effect of the number of ultrasonographic examinations, sonographer experience, estimated gestational age, and patient body mass index on examination time. Results. The average time spent with each patient was 15 minutes 22 seconds: 2 minutes 10 seconds for setup, 9 minutes 38 seconds for examination, 1 minute 50 seconds for review, and 1 minute 44 seconds for turnover. Examination length was not significantly affected by estimated gestational age, body mass index, ultrasonography experience, or the number of ultrasonographic examinations (P >.05). No statistical significance in the duration of scanning was found between initial (15 minutes 3 seconds) and repeated (16 minutes 1 second) examinations (P =.609). Nonexamination activities, such as data entry and room cleanup, consumed 37% of the sonographer's time. Conclusions. Resource use within the ultrasonography department may be improved by reassigning clerical and custodial duties from sonographers to other personnel. Although differential reimbursement exists, no statistically significant difference in resource use between initial and repeated examinations was found.
Epidemiological Study of Clonorchis sinensis Infection in Public Servant Living in Haizhu District in 2005

Objective To investigate the status of clonorchiasis and its epidermiological characteristics in policemen,industrial commercial government employees,and medical professionals in Haizhu District of Guangzhou city so as to provide basis for making practical control measures.Method Kato-Kotz was used for detection of clonorchis eggs in stools.Result 382 samples were analyzed,43 samples were positive,and the infection rate was 11.26%.A remarkable difference in the infection rate among the above three groups was not observed.The infection rate in male individuals was higher than the female.Individuals in the age group of 31～50 had a higher infection rate.Conclusion The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in the study subjects was high.We should strengthen their health education,arouse their safety consciousness,and change their bad diet habit so as to reduce the incidence of infection.
65 L-ARGININE RESTORES CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN OBESE ZUCKER RATS

The release of nitric oxide (NO) through the oxidation of L-arginine by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Since L-arginine is an exclusive substrate for eNOS, its availability can regulate NO formation. Endothelial dysfunction, due to decreased NO function, is a prominent feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes and contributes to cardiovascular pathology. While eNOS expression is unchanged, vascular NO levels are decreased and L-arginine administration lowers blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study tests the hypothesis that L-arginine restores coronary arterial endothelial function in obese Zucker rats (ZR), experimental models of type 2 diabetes. Male obese ZR (548 ± 12 g) and lean Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (300 g) were used for the study. Mean arterial blood pressure (154 ± 3 mm Hg) and fasting blood glucose levels (186 ± 7 mg/dL) were elevated in obese ZR. Experiments were performed on isolated pressurized (80 mm Hg no flow conditions) small septal coronary arteries (200-300 μm) superfused with oxygenated (14% O2, 5% CO2 balanced with N2) Krebs buffer. Responses to an endothelium- and NO-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (1 nmol/L-3 μmol/L) were greatly attenuated in obese ZR coronary vessels (Δmax 5 ± 2 μm vs. 54 ± 10 μm). Acute in vitro pretreatment with the NOS substrate, 1 mmol/L L-arginine, enhanced acetylcholine-induced dilation and abolished the differences between obese ZR and SD arteries (Δmax 48 ± 18 μm vs. 61 ± 18 μm). These data show that blood pressure and blood glucose levels are elevated in obese ZR. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation is greatly attenuated in small coronary arteries isolated from obese ZR. In addition, acute in vitro administration of L-arginine enhanced coronary endothelium-dependent responses and abolished the differences between obese ZR and SD coronary vessels. These results suggest that decreased L-arginine availability may contribute to coronary arterial endothelial dysfunction in obese ZR. Thus, L-arginine supplementation may present a novel therapeutic method to deter coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Renovation of underwater blocking technology at Shuikou hydropower station

Underwater installation of floating-body blocking gate was used in blocking and rehabilitation of the emergency overhaul gate slot at the bottom outlet No.2 of Shuikou hydropower station.By modification and reuse of the original floating-body blocking gate,the overhaul at the bottom outlet No.1 was successful.The gate blocked the water intake to create dry condition for construction and can be reused.This method was feasible,safe,reliable and cost-effective.
On the inseparable nature of sensor selection, sensor placement, and state estimation for continuum robots or “where to put your sensors and how to use them”

When designing continuum robots for applications that require sensing, designers are faced with the problems of deciding what sensors to use, where they should be placed, and how best to use the information they provide. In this paper, we describe how a differential representation of a continuum robot's kinematic equations that govern its states (e.g., shape) can be used to simultaneously address these problems under the guidance of statistical state estimation. We identify how state estimation and sensing-system design (i.e., sensor selection and placement) are inherently coupled problems, which leads us to formulate sensing-system design as an optimization problem governed by the results of statistical estimation. As a case-study, the methods described herein are used to design a magnetic sensing system for concentric-tube robots.
Rolling stones and turbulent eddies: why the bigger live longer and travel farther.

Here we report the discovery that even the simplest, oldest and most prevalent forms of evolutionary movement—rolling bodies and whirls of turbulence—exhibit the same body-size effect on life time and life travel as the evolutionary movement united by the body-size effect so far: animals, rivers, vehicles, jets and plumes. In short, the bigger should last longer and travel farther. For rolling bodies, the life span (t) and the life travel (L) should increase with the body mass (M) raised to the powers 1/6 and 1/3, respectively. The number of rolls during this movement is constant, independent of body size. For an eddy of turbulence, t should increase with the eddy mass (M) raised to the power 2/3, while L should increase with M2/3 times the bulk speed of the turbulent stream that carries the eddy. The number of rolls during the eddy life span is a constant independent of eddy size.
[Estimated glomerular filtration rate as a risk factor for long-term survival in Chinese renal insufficiency patients after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the eGFR as a risk factor for long-term (4-year) outcome in Chinese renal insufficiency patients after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at our institution. METHODS From January 1999 to September 2003, 3371 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG were retrospectively reviewed. Of these patients, 549 (16.29%) patients were female, 1979 (58.71%) patients with hypertension, 866 (25.69%) patients with diabetes, 1130 (33.52%) patients with hyperlipidemia, 1011 (29.99%) patients with left main stenosis > 50%, and 1150 (34.11%) patients undergoing off-pump procedures. The mean age was (60 +/- 9) years old. Estimated GFR was calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. The main outcomes were in-hospital mortality, in-hospital morbidity and long-term mortality. COX analysis was used in this study. RESULTS There were 649 patients with glomerular filtration rate estimates 60 ml/(min.1.73 m(2)). The in-hospital mortality and follow-up mortality was higher in the estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/(min.1.73 m(2)) group (2.77% vs. 0.77%, P < 0.01), (6.81% vs. 2.63%, P < 0.01). The COX analysis result confirmed eGFR < 60 ml/(min.1.73 m(2)), derived using the Cockcroft-Gault formula (HR: 1.948, 95%CI: 1.357 to 2.797, P < 0.01) was an independent risk factor for long-term mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. CONCLUSIONS The estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/(min.1.73 m(2)) derived using the Cockcroft-Gault formula is an independent risk factor for long-term mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.
Removal of a common antibiotic (Amoxicillin) from different aqueous systems using Octolig

Amoxicillin, used to manage bacterial infection, is among the top five popular pharmaceuticals in the United States, based on the number of prescriptions. Problems with environmentally available drugs can arise chiefly; biological resistance in excess amounts becomes available in wastewater samples. Previously, we observed that Amoxicillin could be removed quantitatively from deionized water by passage over Octolig®, a polythylenediimine covalently attached to high-surface-area silica gel. This study was concerned with testing the potential removal of Amoxicillin in different solutions (tap water, well water, river water, and the weakly saline water). These solutions were passed over chromatography columns at a rate of 10 mL per minute; 50-mL fractions were collected and analyzed for total dissolved solids and pH as well as concentration. As noted in our previous work, the percentage removal was related to the length of the column, and this aspect was evaluated again. Consistent results were obtained for DI water, tap water, well water, and river water, indicating quantitative removal, and but not artificial bay water, presumably because of ion competition.
4 Nucleotidyltransferases and Phosphotransferases: Stereochemistry and Covalent Intermediates

Publisher Summary In practice, the classic methods alone have proved to be inadequate to settle the question of whether enzymes utilize nucleophilic catalysis to catalyze phosphoryl and nucleotidyl group transfer reactions. Stereochemical analysis of these reactions has given the most important mechanistic information on the question of whether nucleophilic catalysis and covalent phosphoryl-enzyme or nucleotidyl-enzyme intermediates are involved in the mechanisms. From a purely chemical catalytic standpoint, enzymes do not require nucleophilic covalent catalysis to mediate phospho-group transfer. The most common mechanism is the single displacement with direct transfer between substrates bound at adjacent sites. Nucleophilic catalysis is limited to those cases in which the bond energy to the phospho group must be maintained during some other process, such as the interchange of acceptor substrates in a ping-pong pathway. ATP dependent synthetases are more complex, and phosphoenzymes can have more complex roles in a few of those reactions.
Graham Greene (1904

Toward the end of Graham Greene’s fourth novel, Stamboul Train (1932), the revolutionary Richard Czinner tells a court that has already condemned him of his hopes for a “new world”. Yet as Czinner speaks, he recognizes the ‘tub orator’ in his conventional denunciation of the state for putting “the small thief in prison [while] the big thief lives in a palace” and so becomes ‘conscious of the artificiality of his words which did not bear witness to the great love and the great hate driving him on’.1 Czinner’s emotions are real. But his expression of them is trite, and his realization of that gives him an awareness of his own life, in the terms of the novel’s epigraph from Santayana, as ‘lyrical in its ideal essence: tragic in its fate, and comic in its existence’. And the tragedy of Czinner’s own particular fate is that at the moment of his death his existence remains comic. The gap between the depth of his emotion and the artificiality of his language, between his soul and the world, makes him a Lewisian ‘thing behaving like a person’, whose automatic responses are no more and no less than his judges expect.
Thomas Kirk’s Students’ Flora of New Zealand

ABSTRACTThomas Kirk (1828–1898) was one of New Zealand’s leading botanists. The completed sections of his final work, The Students’ Flora of New Zealand and the Outlying Islands, were published posthumously in 1899. This short communication outlines factors surrounding its initiation, and argues that Kirk deserves more recognition for describing New Zealand’s indigenous plants and weeds in one sequence. The preparation of the Students’ Flora also triggered arrangements to bring to New Zealand for the first time, specimens, plates and a manuscript resulting from Banks’ and Solander’s collections on Cook’s first voyage in 1769.
Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia Localization and Procedural Approach using Cryoablation

Background Idiopathic junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) may still be difficult to control with antiarrhythmic therapy. Transcatheter ablation can be challenging and may be associated with a high risk of unintended atrioventricular block. The objective of this manuscript is to report the procedural technique, the location of the successful ablation, and the procedural characteristics while utilizing 3D mapping for cryoablation of JET. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients who had undergone cryothermal ablation for the treatment of JET at a single center. Patient, arrhythmia, and procedural information and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Results Thirteen patients with JET were treated by cryothermal ablation. The JET arrhythmia burden varied greatly, generally with inadequate control on medications. Left ventricular dilation was present in three patients, and one patient had dilated cardiomyopathy. The median age at the time of procedure was 13 years, with median weight of 54.1 kg. The ectopic focus was ablated in 11/13 patients within the lower 2/3 of the triangle of Koch (TOK) with cryotherapy. Ablations, which were not successful, low in the TOK were associated with substantially longer procedures, and had a higher risk of recurrence. There was late resolution of the arrhythmia in two of three acutely unsuccessful ablations. There were no complications. Conclusion In the majority of patients JET can be safely ablated with the use of cryotherapy. Foci not identified in the lower 2/3 of the TOK are associated with longer procedures, more lesions, and decreased chance for long-term success.
Phase I study of REGN421 (R)/SAR153192, a fully-human delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) monoclonal antibody (mAb), in patients with advanced solid tumors.

2502 Background: Dll4, a Notch receptor ligand, may have a role in tumor angiogenesis and is an emerging anticancer target. REGN421 (R) is a fully human IgG1mAb that binds human Dll4 and disrupts N...
Ethnic and racial disparities in hypertension management among women

Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease for all ethnic and racial groups. Compared with other lifestyle and metabolic risk factors, hypertension is the leading cause of death in women. Women with preeclampsia are three times more likely to develop chronic hypertension and have an elevated risk of future cardiovascular disease. The objective of this article is to provide a review of the factors related to racial and ethnic disparities in blood pressure control. This is followed by a summary of contemporary clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, through lifestyle behavioral modification, and treatment of hypertension with pharmacotherapy.
Third-person self-talk facilitates emotion regulation without engaging cognitive control: Converging evidence from ERP and fMRI.

Does silently talking to yourself in the third-person constitute a relatively effortless form of self control? We hypothesized that it does under the premise that third-person self-talk leads people to think about the self similar to how they think about others, which provides them with the psychological distance needed to facilitate self control. We tested this prediction by asking participants to reflect on feelings elicited by viewing aversive images (Study 1) and recalling negative autobiographical memories (Study 2) using either “I” or their name while measuring neural activity via ERPs (Study 1) and fMRI (Study 2). Study 1 demonstrated that third-person self-talk reduced an ERP marker of self-referential emotional reactivity (i.e., late positive potential) within the first second of viewing aversive images without enhancing an ERP marker of cognitive control (i.e., stimulus preceding negativity). Conceptually replicating these results, Study 2 demonstrated that third-person self-talk was linked with reduced levels of activation in an a priori defined fMRI marker of self-referential processing (i.e., medial prefrontal cortex) when participants reflected on negative memories without eliciting increased levels of activity in a priori defined fMRI markers of cognitive control. Together, these results suggest that third-person self-talk may constitute a relatively effortless form of self-control.
A Systematic Review of the Survival of Teeth Intentionally Replanted with a Modern Technique and Cost-effectiveness Compared with Single-tooth Implants.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the survival rate of teeth intentionally replanted with a modern technique and to compare their cost-effectiveness with that of single-tooth implants. Materials and Methods Four databases were systematically searched for articles that met inclusion criteria published between January 1966 and February 2017. Overall survival rate of intentional replantation was determined through a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Cost of different procedures was determined from the 2016 American Dental Association Dental Fees Survey. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for different treatment modalities. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis resulted in a survival rate of 89.1% (95% confidence interval, 83.8%–94.4%). Compared with a single-tooth implant, intentional replantation was more cost-effective even when custom post/core and crown are also needed. Conclusion The meta-analysis revealed a high survival rate for intentional replantation. Although the survival rate of implants is higher, intentional replantation is a more cost-effective treatment modality. Intentional replantation should be a treatment option discussed with patients, especially because an implant can still be placed if intentional replantation is unsuccessful.
A Framework for Local Supervised Dimensionality Reduction of High Dimensional Data.

High dimensional data presents a challenge to the classification problem because of the difficulty in modeling the precise relationship between the large number of feature variables and the class variable. In such cases, it may be desirable to reduce the information to a small number of dimensions in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the classification process. While data reduction has been a well studied problem for the unsupervised domain, the technique has not been explored quite as extensively for the supervised case. Existing techniques which try to perform dimensionality reduction are too slow for practical use in the high dimensional case. These techniques try to find global discriminants in the data. However, the behavior of the data often varies considerably with data locality and different subspaces may show better discrimination in different localities. This is an even more challenging task than the global discrimination problem because of the additional issue of data localization. In this paper, we propose the novel idea of supervised subspace sampling in order to create a reduced representation of the data for classification applications in an efficient and effective way. The method exploits the natural distribution of the different classes in order to sample the best subspaces for class discrimination. Because of its sampling approach, the procedure is extremely fast and scales almost linearly both with data set size and dimensionality.
End-User Software Engineering: Toward a Future Beyond the Silos

This paper summarizes the keynote address on the future of end-user software engineering. We believe the future that we envision has implications for not only end-user software engineering, but also for "classic" software engineering.
Gravitational Wave Detectors: A New Window to the Universe

Summary. The LIGO gravitational wave detectors have achieved their designed sensitivity, and are currently in operation. We describe the technology of the detectors, as well as results from the analysis of some of the data collected so far.
Dynamic Processes in Liquids and Selected Topics Related to the Dynamics of Ions and Electrons in Liquids

It has been a rather difficult task formulating these lectures to meet the needs of such a diverse audience. Interests here range over an incredibly broad spectrum — from general theories of disordered media and systems far from equilibrium to detailed analyses of charge transfer experiments, electrical breakdown phenomena, along with the rich field of physics and chemistry of solvated electrons.
Synchronous granular cell tumors of the pancreas and cecum

Abstract Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare and typically benign. Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific imaging characteristics and symptomatology. Herein, we report a combination of pancreatic/cecal GCTs in a 43-year-old man. Contrast enhanced MDCT demonstrated a 1.5 cm well-defined homogeneous intraluminal cecal mass and a 1.6 cm slightly hypervascular pancreatic body mass. On MRI, the pancreatic mass showed increased enhancement on post-gadolinium delayed sequences. Diagnosis was confirmed by excisional pathology (S100 and CD68, PAS-D positive). Radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons should ponder the possibility of GCTs in the differential diagnosis of any small, pancreatic or cecal well-defined tumor.