cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new approach to the local time stepping problem for scalar transport

Abstract A new scalar transport method is proposed to reduce computational time when a large number of scalars are transported in coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem models. The new Local Mass Transport (LMT) method confines subtime transport computations to regions where the local Courant–Freidrichs–Lewy (CFL) number exceeds a given numerical stability criteria for a global (large) time step, but the method does not require either contiguous regions or special boundary algorithms between regions as used in previous Local Time Stepping (LTS) approaches. The new method uses conservative transport of mass rather than dissolved concentration. This approach allows different faces of a single grid cell to use different subtime steps. The new LMT method is further extended to include background filtering (LMTB) so that scalars below a pre-defined background concentration are ignored in transport calculations. This new approach can further reduce computational time where large regions are at or below an irrelevant background concentration. Both LMT and LMTB methods can be more computationally efficient than global subtime stepping.
PERTURBATIVE RESULT OF TWO-IMPURITY ANDERSON MODEL IN THE KONDO LIMIT

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of the two-impurity Anderson model in the Kondo limit is calculated to fourth order in coupling constant J . Results are presented for three different regimes depending on the relative values of the temperature, the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction and the Kondo temperature. Our result agrees with the scaling theory.
Graphical Method for Gravity-Assist Trajectory Design

A new analytical technique directly related to Tisserand's criterion that permits the quick identification of all viable ballistic gravity-assist sequences to a given destination is introduced. The method is best presented by a simple graphical technique. The graphical technique readily demonstrates that gravity assists via Venus, Earth, and Jupiter are tremendously effective in sequences such as Venus-Earth-Earth-Jupiter and Venus-Earth-Mars-Earth. Estimates are made for the shortest flight times for a given launch energy to each planet. This graphical technique should provide mission designers with a potent tool for finding economical gravity-assist trajectories to many targets of high scientific interest in the solar system.
Adaptive dispersion in vowel perception.

The ‘hyperspace effect’ in vowel perception may be taken as evidence that adaptive dispersion is an active perceptual process. However, a previous study tested for adaptive dispersion in isolated vowe
Fluid-structural interactions in the inner ear

This paper presents a finite element fluid-structural interaction model for the lateral semicircular canal system of the inner ear. The endolymph is modeled as a slightly compressible Newtonian fluid and the cupula partition is represented by a linearly elastic solid. The fluid-structural interaction problem is treated rigorously with a strong coupling between the fluid flow and the structural displacements. The time evolution of the endolymphatic velocity and pressure fields and cupular displacement and stress fields are closely examined to reveal the intricate dynamics that takes place in the vestibular system during the caloric irrigation test.
‘The Time of the United Nations in South West Africa is Near’: Local Drama and Global Politics in Apartheid-Era Hereroland

By examining a local succession dispute in Waterberg East Native Reserve in apartheid-era Namibia, this article explores how rural Herero communities experienced and interpreted debates surrounding decolonisation and apartheid through the context of local politics. Events in Waterberg East illustrate the ways in which rural communities employed historical discourses surrounding claims to land and authority, to translate these regional and global controversies into the parochial sphere, in order to negotiate questions of ethnic identity, sovereignty, and the future of the territory.
A phenomenological model for hydrocarbon high-temperature autoignition

A four-step phenomenological chemical–kinetic model is presented that is believed to apply to many aspects of combustion of most hydrocarbons at temperatures above about 1000 K. The mechanism involves chain initiation through reactive collision of fuel and oxidizer molecules, fuel consumption in a step that removes radicals, oxidizer consumption in a step that produces radicals and a chain termination step. An expression for the autoignition time is derived on the basis of this model and is applied to describe the ignition of propane–air mixtures and a few other hydrocarbons. It is shown that excellent agreement with ignition times obtained from detailed chemistry can be achieved by this model.
Genetics and ecology of the Entoleuca mammata-Populus pathosystem: implications for aspen improvement and management.

Quaking aspen is damaged and killed by many pathogens but throughout most of its range Entoleuca mammata, the cause of Hypoxylon canker is the most serious. Hypoxylon canker has been the subject of study for over 85 years, yet gaps in our understanding of this disease remain and practical control measures for existing stands are lacking. Numerous interacting host and pathogen factors have complicated investigations and have resulted in conflicting results among researchers. This synthesis of the literature examines our knowledge of the genetics of the host and pathogen and the biology of the disease. Regenerating dense stands and selecting superior, disease resistant clones with pre-infection resistance mechanisms based on long-term field trials are strategies most likely to be effective in minimizing losses caused by this disease.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) from Plant Foliage

The fluorescence spectra and fluorescence induction kinetics of plants excited with a pulsed nitrogen laser beam emitting at 337 nm were found to be correlated with plant type, as well as with changes in the physiology of the plant as the result of various kinds of environmental stress. The plant types that were studied included herbaceous dicots, monocots, hardwoods, conifers, and algae. These plant types could be identified on the basis of differences in either the number of fluorescent bands, or the relative intensity of the bands. The dicots and monocots had fluorescent maxima at 440, 685, and 740 nm. The monocots could be distinguished from the dicots by virtue of having a much higher 440/685 nm ratio. Hardwoods and conifers had an additional fluorescence band at 525 nm, but healthy conifers did not have a band at 685 nm. The algae had fluorescence bands at only 685 and 740 nm. Differences in the fluorescent spectra that could be related to vigor status were observed in conifers growing in an area where atmospheric deposition, i.e., acid rain and heavy metals, is known to be significant. Changes in the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence induction kinetics were also seen in plants grown under conditions of nutrient and drought stress.
Implementation of Lindahl allocations with nontotal—nontransitive preferences

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a mechanism the Nash allocations of which coincide with the Lindahl allocations even when preferences are nontransitive or nontotal. This extension to include nontotal–nontransitive preferences is potentially very important since preferences of agents are nontransitive–nontotal in many cases — in particular in the case where the players are groups of individuals. Besides, the mechanism presented here uses outcome functions that are individually feasible, balanced (not merely weakly balanced), continuous, differentiable around Nash equilibria and, furthermore, almost everywhere differentiable. Moreover, the mechanism has a message space of minimal dimension.
Effects of HIV infection, perceived health and clinical status on a cohort at risk for aids

Data from a general population sample of 621 healthy homosexual men are used to evaluate the social and emotional effects of HIV antibody status, clinical signs detected by medical examination, and subjectively perceived symptoms. Participants are unaware of their serologic status at the time of data collection, thus allowing the effects of the virus to be separated from reactions to the knowledge of serologic status. The data show that seropositivity for HIV is not associated with elevated levels of social or emotional impairment. Clinical signs lead to impairment in baseline data, but these effects do not persist at a second wave. This weakening suggests that the effects are mediated by psychological pathways rather than biologic ones. This suspicion is confirmed in further analyses, which show that the effects of clinical signs are mediated by subjectively perceived symptoms. These results show that neither social nor emotional impairment is likely to be a prodromal sign of HIV infection in otherwise healthy homosexual men. The substantial levels of distress found among these men is more directly influenced by psychological determinants than biologic ones. This suggests that physicians should be aware of the psychological toll imposed on gay men who develop health problems in the current atmosphere of uncertainty regarding risk of AIDS.
From Acts To Dispositions The Attribution Process In Person Perception1

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the naive explanation of human actions, theory of correspondent inferences, personal involvement and correspondence, and the recent research concerning phenomenal causality and the attribution of intentions. The cognitive task of establishing sufficient reason for an action involves processing the available information about, or making assumptions about, the links between stable individual dispositions and observed action. The dispositional attributes are inferred from the effects of action, but not every effect is equally salient in the inference process. The perceiver's fundamental task is to interpret or infer the causal antecedents of action. When a person's actions have certain consequences, it is important for the perceiver to determine whether the person was capable of producing these consequences in response to his intentions. Where an actor fails to produce certain effects that might have been anticipated by the perceiver, there may be ambiguity as to whether the actor did not want to produce the effects, or wanted but was not able to. The attribution of intentions is that actions are informative to the extent that they have emerged out of a context of choice and reflect a selection of one among plural alternatives. However, the distinctiveness of the effects achieved and the extent to which they do not represent stereotypic cultural values, determine the likelihood that information about the actor can be extracted from an action. To say that an inference is correspondent, then, is to say that a disposition is being rather directly reflected in behavior, and that this disposition is unusual in its strength or intensity. In-role behavior is supported by too many reasons to be informative about the actor. However, out-of-role behavior is more informative because the effects of such actions are distinctive and not to be dismissed as culturally desirable.
CESIUM OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS

Cesium oscillator strengths are calculated using oneelectron wave flunctions. These functions are numerical solutions of the Schrodinger equation with a central, symmetric potential and with the spin-orbit term. The potential is chosen so that the binding energies of the lowest ten levels agree with spectroscopic values to 3%; the next 30 levels agree to better than 1%. The validity of the wave functions is demonstrated by comparison of experimental and calculated values of: (i) ratios and magnitudes of principal series oscillator strengths, (ii) fine structure splitting of the doublets, and (iii) hyperfine splitting of the ground state. Oscillator strengths are presented for over one hundred transitions in the visible and infrared. Experimental support for many of these oscillator strengths is given by line intensity measurements. (auth)
An integrated high-pressure, pressure temperature, and skin friction sensor

We present a prototype fiber-optic temperature, pressure and skin friction sensor suite for possible use in a deep water petroleum pipeline containing corrosive, multi-phase flow with solid particulates in a pressure and temperature gradient. The sensor suite is designed to measure shear stress ranging from 0-1,000 Pa, temperature from 0-175 Deg C and pressure from 5-69MPa. Each transducer was individually tested over the entire performance range. The integrated sensor package was tested over a limited temperature, pressure and shear range due to facility limitations.
Public Libraries as Oral History Centers: An Evaluation

Local history activities are becoming an important function of public libraries in the United States. Librarians are recognizing that they must play a leading role in preserving the records that embody the unique heritage of their communities. This role is especially important in communities that lack a well‐staffed historical museum. Because the library is freely open to all and tends to have more hours and facilities for servicing the information needs of the general public, it can be the ideal interface between historical materials, historical museums, societies, and historians, and the people in the community. Often historical societies lack the staff, funds, and facilities to function effectively as an information place for the average citizen. Cooperation between libraries and historical societies is essential and should be nurtured by both agencies. It is not uncommon to find that the librarian is an active member of the historical society—sometimes even functioning as the town historian.
Adaptive optics for the Thirty Meter Telescope

Adaptive Optics (AO) will be essential for at least seven of the eight science instruments currently planned for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). These instruments include three near infra-red (NIR) imagers and spectrometers with fields of view from 2 to 30 arc seconds, a mid-IR echelle spectrometer, a planet formation imager/spectrometer, a wide field optical spectrograph, and a NIR multi-object spectrometer with multiple integral field units deployable over a 5 arc minute field of regard. In this paper we describe the overall AO reference design that supports these instruments, which consists of a facility AO system feeding the first three instruments and dedicated AO systems for the remaining four. Key design challenges for these systems include very high-order, large-stroke wavefront correction, tip-tilt sensing with faint natural guide stars to maximize sky coverage, laser guidestar wavefront sensing on a very large aperture, and achieving extremely high contrast ratios for the detection of extra-solar planets and other faint companions of bright stars. We describe design concepts for meeting these challenges and summarize our supporting plans for AO component development.
Factors affecting amino acids in blood of dairy cows

Abstract Concentrations of amino acids in blood plasma were studied in two experiments with lactating Holstein cows. In Experiment 1, 30 cows were allotted to five treatments varying in protein percent and source. Cows were bled during wk 4 and 9 of treatment at 0, 2, and 5h after feeding. In Experiment 2, 68 cows were assigned to four rations. One contained 12.5% crude protein from natural sources and another 16.0%. Two other rations contained 16.0% crude protein (12.2% natural and 3.8% from nonprotein nitrogen). Blood was collected at 42 days postpartum 2 to 3h after feeding. Seven cows from each treatment also were sampled 14 days prepartum and 126 days postpartum. Cows fed 9.3% crude protein had lower branched-chain amino acids and higher glycine in plasma than those fed 13 to 14%. High yielding cows in mid-lactation (140 to 220 days) showed decreased branched-chain amino acids and increased glycine in plasma compared to low yielders. Production did not alter amino acids in early lactation (42 days). Several significant changes in amino acids of plasma were related to stage of lactation, but groups of acids did not follow consistent patterns. Samplings 2h after feeding had lower branched-chain and aromatic amino acids than samplings at 5h. Ratios of essential to nonessential amino acids were depressed by rations of low natural protein, by high milk production in early lactation, and in samples taken 2h postfeeding. Estimates of minimum blood flow to the mammary gland needed for output of amino acids in milk identified methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and lysine (in that order) as those in lowest supply. Ratios of essential amino acids of plasma to milk also suggested limited availability of these amino acids.
The RNA-induced Silencing Complex: A Versatile Gene-silencing Machine

RNA interference is a powerful mechanism of gene silencing that underlies many aspects of eukaryotic biology. On the molecular level, RNA interference is mediated by a family of ribonucleoprotein complexes called RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), which can be programmed to target virtually any nucleic acid sequence for silencing. The ability of RISC to locate target RNAs has been co-opted by evolution many times to generate a broad spectrum of gene-silencing pathways. Here, we review the fundamental biochemical and biophysical properties of RISC that facilitate gene targeting and describe the various mechanisms of gene silencing known to exploit RISC activity.
Energy Transport by Energetic Electrons Released during Solar Flares. I. Thermal versus Nonthermal Processes

The propagation of energetic electrons through a flaring flux tube is studied in an attempt to determine how the energy of the electrons is deposited in the flux tube. One-dimensional electrostatic particle simulations are used in the present investigation. As the energetic electrons propagate into the system, a return current of ambient plasma electrons and some of the energetic electrons is drawn into the energetic electron source. It is found that, as the ambient temperature relative to the ion temperature increases above about 3, the heated return-current electrons can excite ion-sound waves.
Risk factors for depression in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To identify risk factors for the development of depression in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Subjects were divided into depressed versus nondepressed groups on the basis of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale; a range of psychological, pain-related, disease-related, and demographic variables were analyzed to predict depression. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal predictive models were examined. Results. A series of analyses, including multiple logistic regression, found that the optimal predictors of depression in RA were average daily stressors, confidence in one's ability to cope, and degree of physical disability. The model was successfully cross-validated on separate data sets (i.e., same subjects at different time points). Conclusion. All of the identified risk factors for depression in RA are preventable to some extent and, therefore, should be addressed in comprehensive, rheumatology team care.
Joint design of modulation coding scheme for MIMO quasi-static fading systems

A joint design of modulation coding scheme for MIMO quasi-static fading systems is developed to provide high data rate and to minimize frame error probability. The main design idea is, at first, to decompose the MIMO system into multiple parallel SISO systems using singular value decomposition. Secondly, the design metric is obtained from an upperbound of pairwise error probability of the equivalent SISO systems. Thirdly, the joint design is obtained by finding the best asymmetric constellation and labeling of constellation points for a given baseline trellis structure of each SISO system through an exhaustive search. Simulation shows our joint design gives consistant performance gain.
Reversible and DRAD difference sets in

The existence of Hadamard difference sets has been a central question in design theory. Reversible difference sets have been studied extensively. Dillon gave a method for finding reversible difference sets in groups of the form (C)2. DRAD difference sets are a newer concept. Davis and Polhill showed the existence of DRAD difference sets in the same groups as Dillon. This article determines the existence of reversible and DRAD difference sets in groups of the form (C)3. These are the only abelian 2-groups outside of direct products of C4 and (C)2 known to contain reversible and DRAD difference sets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 20:58–67, 2012
Dreaming: A Neurocognitive Approach

Abstract The studies reported in the following articles are aimed at providing a comprehensive, detailed, and quantitative picture of cognition in human dreaming. Our main premises are that waking, REM sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep represent physiologically distinct and identifiable brain states and that the differences between waking, REM, and NREM mentation reflect these physiological differences. We have studied dreams at a formal level of analysis and, in these papers, have studied the specific dream properties of emotions, bizarre transformations, scene shifts, and plot coherence, in adults and 4- to 10-year-old children, as part of a larger effort to map state-dependent mental phenomena back onto the varying neurobiological processes that must underlie them. We believe that such efforts will enhance our understanding not only of dreaming and its neurophysiological substrates, but also of the cognitive processes that dreaming shares with other unusual mental states.
A statistical description of verbal learning

Free-recall verbal learning is analyzed in terms of a probability model. The general theory assumes that the probability of recalling a word on any trial is completely determined by the number of times the word has been recalled on previous trials. Three particular cases of this general theory are examined. In these three cases, specific restrictions are placed upon the relation between probability of recall and number of previous recalls. The application of these special cases to typical experimental data is illustrated. An interpretation of the model in terms of set theory is suggested but is not essential to the argument.
Vitamin D, neurocognitive functioning and immunocompetence.

Purpose of reviewVitamin D deficiency is recognized as one of the most common medical conditions in children and adults. The major causes are inadequate sun exposure and inadequate intakes of dietary and supplemental vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D
The greatest casualty is being forgotten.

Before seeing my first patient, I took time to review his chart and the C & P disability forms I needed to complete to provide a medical opinion about his disability. Unfortunately, I was forming a...
Buffers in Bad News Messages and Recipient Perceptions

This article explores the accepted notion of promoting goodwill in a negative message through an “indirect” approach (which delays the rejection by providing buffers). There is a death of empirical...
Accuracy of Self-Reported Personal History of Cancer in an Outpatient Breast Center

The self-reporting of cancer history is becoming increasingly important, as it frequently guides medical decision-making. We studied the accuracy of personal cancer history using a self-administered questionnaire, comparing the results with the Tumor Registry at our institution. Among 39,662 records, we identified 3614 women with a single cancer in the Tumor Registry who reported none or one cancer on their questionnaire. The sensitivity in self-reporting cancers was 85.7%, ranging from 92.1% for breast cancer to 42.9% for leukemia. The accuracy for breast cancer and Hodgkin's Lymphoma was significantly better than other cancers (p=0.00027, CI: 1.4–3.88). Analysis of patient's characteristics showed that Caucasians reported breast cancer more accurately than Asian/Pacific Islanders (p=0.008), and those with Jewish ancestry more accurately than non-Jewish (p=0.0435). These results will help us to improve data collection and thus improve medical decision-making.
Detectability of CMOS stuck-open faults using random and pseudorandom test sequences

An analysis is presented of CMOS stuck-open faults tested with a pseudorandom test sequence, i.e. a test sequence consisting of some or all of the 2/sup N/ test patterns generated by a modified N-bit linear-feedback shift register (LFSR). Such a scheme is viewed as testing without replacement. When all 2/sup N/ test patterns are applied, then such a test sequence is called a pseudorandom exhaustive test sequence (PRETS). The alternative scheme is called random testing, which corresponds to sampling the population of test vectors with replacement. It is shown that some stuck-open faults require a single test vector of their detection, while most require an ordered pair of test vectors. A PRETS will detect all stuck-open faults that require a single test vector, but may not necessarily detect all faults that require an ordered pair of test vectors. The results obtained under pseudorandom testing are compared with results obtained under random testing. >
Efficient Moments-based Permutation Tests

In this paper, we develop an efficient moments-based permutation test approach to improve the test's computational efficiency by approximating the permutation distribution of the test statistic with Pearson distribution series. This approach involves the calculation of the first four moments of the permutation distribution. We propose a novel recursive method to derive these moments theoretically and analytically without any permutation. Experimental results using different test statistics are demonstrated using simulated data and real data. The proposed strategy takes advantage of nonparametric permutation tests and parametric Pearson distribution approximation to achieve both accuracy and efficiency.
Identification and validation of lupus nephritis cases using administrative data

Large administrative databases such as Medicaid billing databases could be used to study care and outcomes of lupus nephritis if these patients could be correctly identified from claims data. We aimed to develop and validate an algorithm for the correct identification of cases of lupus nephritis using ICD-9 billing codes. We used the Research Patient Data Resource query tool at our institution to identify patients with potential lupus nephritis. We compared four ICD-9 code based strategies, identifying patients seen between 2000 and 2007 with Medicaid medical insurance with greater than two claims for a diagnosis of SLE (ICD-9 code 710.0) and a combination of greater than two nephrologist visits and/or renal ICD-9 codes. We assessed performance using the positive predictive value. Two hundred and thirty four subjects were identified and medical records reviewed. Our third strategy, based on a combination of lupus and renal ICD-9 codes and nephrologist encounter claims, had the highest positive predictive value (88%) for the identification of patients with lupus nephritis. This strategy may offer a sound method of identifying patients with lupus nephritis for health services research in addition to serving as a model for using claims data as a way to better understand rare diseases such as lupus.
Effects of Dietary Mycotoxins Produced by the Mold Fusarium moniliforme on Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus1

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (initial weight: 6.1 g/fish) were fed eight diets containing the mold Fusarium moniliforme-cultured corn supplying 0.7, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, or 240 mg of the mycotoxin, fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg diet under laboratory conditions for 12 wk. Fish fed diets containing FB1 levels of 40 mg/kg and above showed reduced growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency, but fish fed FB1 concentrations of 20 mg/kg and below did not. The minimum level of FB1 that depressed growth appeared to be between 20 and 40 mg/kg. Hematocrit was significantly lower for fish fed diets containing 80 and 240 mg FB,/kg than for fish fed diets containing lower levels of FB1. Fish fed diets containing 40 mg FB1kg and above had increased liver glycogen, increased vacuolation in nerve fibers, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic investment in the brain compared to fish fed diets containing lower levels of fumonisins. Results from this study indicate that FB1 levels below 20 mg/kg diet are not a problem in commercial catfish feeds. However, it is prudent to screen for fumonisins in feed ingredients.
The advantage of dynamic tuning in distributed asymmetric systems

An analytical performance modeling approach is presented for load sharing policies that schedule jobs based on a global system state. The main contributions of this work are: the derivation of analytical bounds to compute the average delay in large asymmetric systems under dynamic load sharing control, when job routing is based on the global system state; the experimental derivation of parameters which affect the implementation of load sharing policies at the user level; the demonstration that load sharing is effective even in the presence of high overheads; and the demonstration that in the asymmetric environment under study, carefully tuned algorithms for load sharing provide a significant improvement in performance over simpler algorithms. >
Testosterone Therapy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is There a Real Connection?

ABSTRACT Introduction With the recent increased recognition and treatment of hypogonadism in men, a caution has been given that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may cause or aggravate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Aim To evaluate the scientific data behind the cautionary statements about TRT and OSA. Main Outcome Measures Methodology and criteria for such studies and evaluation of documents and results based on methodology, duration, and outcome of treatment. Methods A review of the literature on the subject of TRT and OSA was performed. The possible mechanisms of action of TRT, on breathing and respiration during sleep were explored. Result Historically, the first such caution came in 1978. Since then, a few similar incidence reports have been cited. The total number of patients in such reports was very small, very disproportional to the millions of patients treated with TRT. Also, there was a lack of consistent findings connecting TRT to OSA. In addition, different results may occur with physiologic replacement vs. supraphysiologic doses in regard to breathing and OSA. The studies showing the effect of TRT on OSA and breathing were all case studies with small numbers of subjects and showed little effect of TRT on OSA in the majority of case reports. Only one study using supraphysiologic doses was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, which showed a development of OSA in healthy pooled subjects. The other reports were case studies with limited numbers of subjects, suggesting an inconsistent effect of supraphysiologic TRT on OSA and breathing. Conclusions Cautionary statements about TRT in OSA appear frequently in the TRT literature and guidelines, despite lack of convincing evidence that TRT causes and/or aggravates OSA. Also, there is a lack of consistency in the findings connecting TRT to OSA. It is evident that the link between TRT and OSA is weak, based on methodological issues in many of the studies, and most studies involved small numbers of men. Further studies in this area are needed. Hanafy HM. Testosterone therapy and obstructive sleep apnea: Is there a real connection?
Morphological, Histological, and Molecular Description of Unicauda fimbrethilae n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the Intestinal Tract of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Abstract: The channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a known host for 10 species of Henneguya, but few other myxozoan genera are described from this species. Unicauda is a genus of myxozoan parasites within the family Myxobolidae that consists of 10 valid species from freshwater fish. Herein, we describe a novel species of Unicauda from the intestinal tract of farm-raised channel catfish in Mississippi. Myxospores were consistent with the genus Unicauda but exhibited a unique branching at the terminal end of the caudal process that has not previously been reported. Myxospores measured 90.39 ± 14.97 μm (mean ± SD; range = 70.88–126.02 μm) in total length. The spherical spore body measured 7.31 ± 0.26 μm (6.75–7.84 μm) in length and 7.01 ± 0.63 μm (6.1–8.01 μm) in width. The 2 polar capsules measured 3.45 ± 0.33 μm (3.02–4.03 μm) in length and 2.65 ± 0.32 μm (2.18–3.11 μm) in width. The single caudal process measured 82.98 ± 14.97 μm (63.39–118.63 μm) in length from the base of the spore body to the end of...
PASSIVE INTERFERON PROTECTION IN MOUSE INFLUENZA.

SummaryInterferon prepared from influenza virus infected eggs or mouse lungs when intranasally administered protected mice against a mouse-adapted Type B influenza challenge. To be effective, the interferons had to be given before virus, and treatments delayed 24 hours after virus exposure served only to aggravate the infection. The concentration of virus used in the challenge was critical. The effect was best observed when the dosage was approximately 10 LD50.
A Comparison of Triaxially Braided Composites Using the Generalized Method of Cells

Two distinct triaxial braid architectures are compared in this numerical study: (1) the “traditional” triaxial braid in which the axial tows are merely laid in between the woven biased (±θ°) tows and (2) the “true” triaxial braid in which the axial tows are interleaved through the biased tows. The microstructure of the triaxial braids is constrained as a function of volume fraction, braid angle, and tow geometries. A multiscale modeling methodology is developed to use the Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) micromechanics model recursively over multiple length scales in a three step homogenization process to compare the effective elastic properties of the two different types of triaxial braids. This methodology has previously been used to accurately predict experimental results for the “traditional” triaxial braid architecture; however, this paper simply compares the two types of braid architectures numerically. Preliminary results show that the “true” triaxial braid follows most of the trends of the “traditional” triaxial braid in effective stiffness properties as a function of braid angle, except for the axial modulus at higher braid angles. At braid angles in excess of 45°, the “true” triaxial braid shows an increase in axial stiffness. The axial modulus of the “true” triaxial braid exceeds that of the “traditional” triaxial braid for braid angles greater than 50°. Therefore, the “true” triaxial braid does present a viable alternate braid that may offer advantages over the “traditional” triaxial braid for certain applications. An experimental study is being prepared to compare the two triaxial braids experimentally and to validate the numerical model used in the present study.
Epidemiological analysis of measles in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in 2012

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in measles elimination target year,to discuss the measles control strategy,and provide evidence for realization of the goal of eliminating measles. [Methods]The method of descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze the measles surveillance data in 2012.[Results]A total of 130 cases of measles were reported in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in 2012,including 124 local cases and 6 imported cases( 5 cases of Burma,1 case of Laos). The reported incidence rate was 10. 88 /100 000,the incidence was significantly increased,compared with 3 years ago; age distribution of measles cases showed"bidirectional shift"phenomenon,children ≤1 years old and ≥20 adult cases accounted for 67. 74% of total cases,the peak incidence( 64. 52%) was found in October-November. Regional distribution showed Mengla County had the largest incidence which accounted for 58. 87%. Scattered children accounted for 50. 81% of total cases. Patients with no or uncertain immunization history accounted for 88. 60%.[Conclusion]The incidence of measles increases significantly in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,with population immunity gaps and imported cases. It is necessary to strengthen the initial immunization and supplementary immunization,to improve the coverage rate,to eliminate the immunity gaps and control the imported cases.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Nonmalignant Ileal Carcinoid

Abstract The carcinoid syndrome and fibrosis are unusual but identifiable disease processes. We report a rare case of retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with an ileal carcinoid in the absence of metastatic disease. The literature is reviewed.
What Is Listening Comprehension and What Does It Take to Improve Listening Comprehension

One’s ability to listen and comprehend spoken language of multiple utterances and oral texts (i.e., listening comprehension) is one of the necessary component skills in reading and writing development. In this chapter, we review theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence of listening comprehension development and improvement. A review of correlational and intervention studies indicates that many language and cognitive skills contribute to listening comprehension, including working memory, attention, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, inferencing, theory of mind, and comprehension monitoring. Although limited in number, studies indicate that these skills are malleable. We conclude that listening comprehension instruction should be an integral part of reading and writing instruction, incorporating these multiple language and cognitive skills. Instruction on these components can be incorporated into existing instruction such as bookreading or reading comprehension instruction.
Viscerality, faith, and skepticism: Another theory of magic

This article is a reprint of Taussig, Michael. 1998. “Viscerality, faith, and skepticism: Another theory of magic." In In near ruins: Cultural theory at the end of the century , edited by Nicholas B. Dirks, 221–256. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Quantum-Accurate Molecular Dynamics Potential for Tungsten

The purpose of this short contribution is to report on the development of a Spectral Neighbor Analysis Potential (SNAP) for tungsten. We have focused on the characterization of elastic and defect properties of the pure material in order to support molecular dynamics simulations of plasma-facing materials in fusion reactors. A parallel genetic algorithm approach was used to efficiently search for fitting parameters optimized against a large number of objective functions. In addition, we have shown that this many-body tungsten potential can be used in conjunction with a simple helium pair potential to produce accurate defect formation energies for the W-He binary system.
Introduction and Epidemiology of Incisional Hernias and the Argument for Mesh in Incisional Hernia Repair

This chapter discusses a brief history of incisional hernia from the first century A.D. to today’s current practices. The epidemiology, cost, and prevalence of incisional hernia repair, especially in the USA, are highlighted according to the most currently available data.
Viscosity of Ionic Liquid–Ionic Liquid Mixtures

The viscosities of 23 ionic liquid (IL)–IL mixtures were measured at multiple temperatures and mole fractions. Many of the mixtures involved a dialkylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N]) IL paired with a tetra-alkylphosphonium IL containing an aprotic heterocyclic anion (AHA). As a result, most of the mixtures contained both unlike anions and cations. The mixtures ranged from strongly positive deviations from the Arrhenius model (the mole fraction weighted logarithm of the viscosity), even having mixture viscosities greater than the viscosity of either pure IL, to negative deviations. Studies of complementary pairs ([C1][A1] + [C2][A2] and [C2][A1] + [C1][A2] mixtures) have identical viscosities at overall mole fractions of 0.50, clearly indicating that the anions and cations of the mixtures exchange freely. These mixtures cannot be well-represented by the Arrhenius model assuming a random distribution of the four possible cation/anion combinations (e.g., 0.25 mole fraction of each possi...
The Isolation of a Reovirus-like Agent Associated with Diarrhoea in Colostrum-deprived Calves in Great Britain

The isolation of a virus from calves with diarrhoea is described. On the basis of morphology, serology and pathogenesis the virus is similar to the reovirus-like agent isolated in the United States of America. The virus was serially passaged in colostrum-deprived and gnoto-biotic calves, all of which developed diarrhoea, with re-isolation of the agent from challenged calves.
Policy Uncertainty and House Prices in the United States

Executive Summary. Previous research has either relied on a time series model or a panel model to establish cointegration between house prices and their main determinants, such as a measure of hous...
Objective Versus Self-Reported Sleep Quality at High Altitude

Abstract Anderson, Paul J., Christina M. Wood-Wentz, Kent R. Bailey, and Bruce D. Johnson. Objective versus self-reported sleep quality at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 16:000–000, 2017. Backgr...
Association of dairy intake with weight change in adolescents undergoing obesity treatment.

BACKGROUND The role of dairy products in obesity treatment for adolescents is unclear. The study purpose was to assess the association between dairy intake and changes in BMI z-score (zBMI) during adolescent obesity treatment. METHODS Observational study nested within a randomized control trial. Linear mixed-effects regression models were adjusted for important non-lifestyle factors then further adjusted for dietary and physical activity variables. In total, 91 adolescents were studied. RESULTS Each serving of total dairy (β = -0.0054, P < 0.01), unflavored milk (β = -0.012, P < 0.01), reduced fat (β = -0.0078, P < 0.05), and low fat/fat-free products (β = -0.0149, P < 0.01) was associated with a decrease in zBMI over 12 months. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for other dietary and physical activity factors. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake was inversely associated with intake of total dairy (β = -0.186, P = 0.001), unflavored milk (β = -0.115, P = 0.003) and low fat/fat-free dairy (β = -0.125, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Intakes of total dairy, unflavored milk, reduced fat dairy and low fat/fat-free dairy products are associated with improved obesity treatment outcomes among adolescents. This could be due to co-occurring healthy lifestyle behaviors or to replacement of other food and beverages associated with obesity, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, by dairy products.
DPNE: Differentially Private Network Embedding

Learning the low-dimensional representations of the vertices in a network can help users understand the network structure and perform other data mining tasks efficiently. Various network embedding approaches such as DeepWalk and LINE have been developed recently. However, how to protect the individual privacy in network embedding has not been exploited. It is challenging to achieve high utility as the sensitivity of stochastic gradients in random walks and that of edge sampling are very high, thus incurring high utility loss when applying Laplace mechanism and exponential mechanism to achieve differential privacy. In this paper, we develop a differentially private network embedding method (DPNE). In this method, we leverage the recent theoretical findings that network embedding methods such as DeepWalk and LINE are equivalent to factorization of some matrices derived from the adjacency matrix of the original network and apply objective perturbation on the objective function of matrix factorization. We evaluate the learned representations by our DPNE from three different real world datasets on two data mining tasks: vertex classification and link prediction. Experiment results show the effectiveness of DPNE. To our best knowledge, this is the first work on how to preserve differential privacy in network embedding.
The race and gender gap in mathematics, computing sciences, and technology: panel discussion

Science (the creation of structure for our world), technology (the use of structure in our world) and mathematics (the common language of structure) all have been part of our human progress, through every step of our path to the present. Women and men of different races and nationalities together have researched and solved each emerging need.
Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable

This chapter discusses the basic steps that are used to solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable. The solution set for an equation is the set of all numbers that, when used in place of the variable, make the equation a true statement. Two or more equations with the same solution set are called “equivalent equations.” Addition property of equality states that the same quantity can be added to both sides of an equation without changing the solution set. Multiplication property of equality states that multiplying both sides of an equation by the same non-zero quantity never changes the solution set. The addition property for inequalities states that adding the same quantity to both sides of an inequality never changes the solution set. Multiplication property for inequalities states that both sides of an inequality can be multiplied by the same non-zero number without changing the solution set as long as each time it is multiplied by a negative number, the direction of the inequality symbol is also reversed. A common mistake in solving inequalities is to forget to reverse the direction of the inequality symbol when multiplying both sides by a negative number. When this mistake occurs, the graph of the solution set is always to the wrong side of the end point.
Regulation of the Rate of Force Development in Heart and Skeletal Muscles

Contractions of heart and skeletal muscle cells in vivo are usually well matched to the loads the muscle must move or bear, but despite considerable similarity in motor and regulatory proteins, the detailed mechanisms of regulation differ in significant ways in the two muscle types. Other chapters in this volume address the molecular components of the thick and thin filaments in striated muscles and address the specific processes by which Ca2+ and cross-bridges regulate the activation state of the thin filament. This chapter deals with the physiological manifestations of these regulatory processes during force development in heart and skeletal muscles, with particular focus on the regulation of the kinetics of force development.