cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of supercritical sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in a carbonate reservoir: An experimental investigation of supercritical fluid-brine-rock interactions relevant to the Madison Limestone of Southwest Wyoming

Abstract Managing impure carbon dioxide produced by fossil fuel-based generation of electricity is required for successful implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage. Impurities in carbon dioxide, particularly SO x and NO x , are geochemically more reactive than the carbon dioxide and may adversely impact a carbon dioxide storage reservoir by generating additional acidity. Hydrothermal experiments are performed to evaluate geochemical and mineralogic effects of injecting SO 2 - CO 2 fluid into a carbonate reservoir. The experimental design is based on a natural carbon dioxide reservoir, the Madison Limestone on the Moxa Arch of Southwest Wyoming, which serves as a natural analog for geologic cosequestration of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide. Idealized Madison Limestone ( dolomite + calcite ± anhydrite + pyrite ) and Na - Cl - SO 4 2 − brine ( I = 0.5 molal , initial pH = 8.5 ) reacted at reservoir conditions (110°C and 25 MPa) for approximately 165 days (3960 h). Carbon dioxide fluid containing 500 ppmv sulfur dioxide was injected and the experiment continued for approximately 55 days (1326 h). Sulfur dioxide partitions out of the supercritical carbon dioxide phase and dissolves into coexisting brine on the time scale of the experiments (55 days). Injecting supercritical SO 2 - CO 2 or pure supercritical carbon dioxide into a brine-limestone system produces the same in situ pH (4.6) and ex situ pH (6.4–6.5), as measured 28 h after injection because dissolution of calcite buffers in situ pH. Precipitation of anhydrite sequesters injected sulfur and, coupled with dissolution of calcite, effectively buffers the amount of dissolved calcium to the same concentrations measured in limestone-brine experiments injected with pure carbon dioxide. Supercritical SO 2 - CO 2 does not enhance the sequestration potential of a carbonate reservoir relative to pure supercritical carbon dioxide. Our results substantiate predictions from natural analog studies of the Madison Limestone that anhydrite traps sulfur and carbonate minerals ultimately reprecipitate and mineralize carbon in carbonate reservoirs.
Linking hypothesized causal factors to aboveground biomass growth in forests of Alabama and the eastern United States

Aim of study: We analyzed the hypothesized causal effects of relative density, density, height, species richness, species diversity, temperature, precipitation, and slope on above ground biomass growth (AGBG). Area of study: Eastern region of the USA. Materials and methods: We used the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database. A total of 2554 plots from all stand ages, regardless of disturbance history, were selected from the state of Alabama and 967 plots of stand age under 30 years and no prior disturbance were selected from the eastern US. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Main results: Relative stand density exhibited a strong positive direct effect on AGBG, especially in the young forests (path coefficient 0.79), but a weaker indirect effect through species richness/diversity. Tree height influenced positively AGBG directly and indirectly through relative density and species richness. The effect of temperature and slope was greater than the effect of species richness/diversity on AGBG in the young forests of the eastern US. Research highlights: For the forests of the eastern US, greater tree species diversity did not appear to result in neither greater nor lower productivity. The diversity-productivity relationship was negative in forests of Alabama, however, where prior management likely resulted in removal of select dominant trees from valuable species ( i.e ., high-grading).
Disparity in electrical and magnetic properties of isostructural oxygen-deficient perovskites BaSrCo 2 O 6−δ and BaSrCoFeO 6−δ

Despite having the same crystal structure, the two oxygen-deficient perovskites, BaSrCo2O6−δ and BaSrCoFeO6−δ have significantly different electrical conductivity and magnetic properties, highlighting the important effect of oxygen stoichiometry. These two materials have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, variable-temperature electrical conductivity and magnetization studies. BaSrCo2O6−δ shows magnetic properties consistent with antiferromagnetic order, whereas BaSrCoFeO6−δ exhibits the presence of uncompensated moments and short-range ferrimagnetism. XPS and iodometric titrations show a greater degree of oxygen vacancies in BaSrCo2O6−δ compared to BaSrCoFeO6−δ. Cobalt is in di- and trivalent states in both compounds and iron is in tri- and tetravalent states in BaSrCoFeO6−δ. The differences in electrical conductivity are remarkable, where BaSrCo2O6−δ shows nearly temperature-independent conductivity up to 400 °C, above which a semiconducting behavior sets in and persists up to 900 °C. However, BaSrCoFeO6−δ exhibits semiconductivity up to 200 °C, followed by a downturn in conductivity from 200 to 900 °C, similar to the behavior observed in metallic systems.
Changing concepts of electrophysiology testing for ventricular arrhythmias.

Since the introduction of programmed electrical stimulation (PES) for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular ~brillation (VT/VF), its role has been continually evolving [1–5]. Limited value of PES for drug ef~cacy prediction in patients with VT/VF, as reported by ESVEM investigators, diminished its role in serial drug testing [11]. Incorporation of non-invasive PES capabilities with implantable cardioverter de~brillators (ICD’s) has also brought into question the routine need for pre-implant PES in many cases. Nonetheless a great deal has been learned from PES, and electrophysiologic (EP) evaluation is frequently desirable in many clinical settings. This communication highlights the current role of PES in patients with VT/VF for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion: Natural History of Visual Outcome

Objective To investigate systematically the natural history of visual outcome in branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Design Cohort study. Participants We included 199 consecutive untreated patients (212 eyes) with BRAO, first seen in our clinic from 1973 to 2000. Methods At first visit, all patients had a detailed ophthalmic and medical history, and comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation. Visual evaluation was done by recording visual acuity, using the Snellen visual acuity chart, and visual fields with a Goldmann perimeter. The same ophthalmic evaluation was performed at each follow-up visit. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and visual fields. Results We classified BRAO into permanent (133 eyes) and transient (18 eyes) and cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO; 61 eyes). In eyes with permanent BRAO, of the 61 eyes seen within 7 days of onset, initial visual acuity was ≥20/40 in 74%, central scotoma in 20%, central inferior altitudinal defect in 13%, and inferior nasal and superior sector defects in 29% and 24%, respectively. Of those with follow-up, in the eyes with visual acuity Conclusions These findings show that a visual acuity of ≥20/40 is seen initially in 74% of cases of permanent BRAO, 94% of transient BRAO, and 73% of nonarteritic CLRAO alone; and finally on follow-up, in 89%, 100%, and 100% of cases, respectively. The effectiveness of various treatment modalities for visual outcome has to be judged against this background. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
[14C]monensin balance in bile-fistulated ponies.

To measure absorption of monensin or its metabolites and its elimination from the body, [14C]monensin sodium was given orally (1 mg/kg body wt) to two bile-fistulated ponies and iv (8.7 mg) to one bile-fistulated pony. For one orally-dosed pony, 4.7% of the 14C was eliminated in bile, 52% in feces, .7% in urine and 33% remained in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after 3 d. Total 14C recovery was 90%. For the other orally-dosed pony, 18.3% of the 14C was eliminated in bile, 69% in feces, 1.7% in urine and 7% remained in the GI tract after 4 d. Total 14C recovery was 98%. For the iv-dosed pony, 72% of the 14C was eliminated in bile, .5% in feces, 4.9% in urine and 15% remained in the GI tract after 23 h. Total 14C recovery was 96%. Maximum rate of 14C elimination in feces from the orally-dosed ponies occurred on the third and fourth days, and the maximum rate of biliary elimination occurred between 16 and 24 h for one pony and 48 and 56 h for the other. For the iv-dosed pony, 14C became immeasurable in plasma within 12 h after dosing and appeared in bile within 30 min, with maximum biliary concentration occurring at about 1 h. Monensin accounted for a minimum of 19% of the 14C in a 56- to 72-h sample of feces for one orally-dosed pony and a minimum of 25% of the 14C in feces from the same time period for the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Semantic Information Infrastructure Protection (Invited Abstract)

The information infrastructure, consisting of the Internet and numerous intranets, extranets, and other networks, is a key national critical infrastructure, interwoven with other critical infrastructures. Protecting the information infrastructure is important in its own right, and also because of the steadily increasing interdependence of other critical infrastructures on the information infrastructure. This paper describes an approach to information infrastructure protection that was developed as part of the semantic hacking project. Attacks on computer and other networked systems can be categorized as physical, syntactic and semantic. Autonomous agents being fed misinformation in the battlespace is a primary example of a semantic attack. Physical attacks seek to destroy hardware, while syntactic attacks, such as worms and viruses target the network infrastructure. Attacks specifically against a human user of system are also referred to as cognitive attacks. Because misinformation and deception play a much more significant role in intelligence and security informatics than in other informatics disciplines, such as science, medicine, and the law, such an emerging discipline must concern itself with semantic attacks and countermeasures.
The Power of/in Photovoice.

Photovoice, which falls under the methodological umbrella of participatory action research (PAR), is a method of inquiry used to visually document and honor the knowledge(s), voices, and experience...
Communication Skills for Leading and Managing Others

Effective communication skills of supervisors, managers and leaders are associated with employee job satisfaction, supervisor credibility and improved organizational outcomes. Understanding the fundamentals and principles of communication is the first step to developing effective communication skills. Coaching employees and managing conflict are two situations in which effective communication skills improve outcomes. Effective communication skills may be learned.
Beyond workforce preparation: contested visions of ‘twenty-first century’ education reform

Contrary to educational policy and research assumptions about an immanent ‘twenty-first century’ future, this article uses the concept of ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’ to trace how nonprofit actors ...
What’s Left for the Companions in Guilt Argument?

Companions in guilt arguments (CGAs) respond to moral error theory by pointing out that its philosophical rationale mandates the rejection of all categorical normative reasons, including epistemic reasons. A number of philosophers (including Christopher Cowie, Jonas Olson, Richard Rowland, and Ramon Das) have recently been engaging in a dialogue about the strength of this argumentative strategy and the significance of the criticisms that has been raised against it. In this paper, I identify a specific argument, which I dub the ‘bullet-biting response’ as a crucial element in some recent attacks on the CGA. I assess five objections to the bullet-biting response and conclude that only the fifth poses a significant problem. Specifically, I argue that the proponent of the bullet-biting response is at a dialectical disadvantage in this particular debate. While this disadvantage is not decisive, it has two implications (one theoretical and one practical) that raise serious concerns for the bullet-biting response.
Editors' Choice—Hydrogen Centers in β-Ga2O3: Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory

β-Ga2O3 is a transparent conducting oxide with a wide bandgap (4.9 eV) whose properties are generating widespread interest. It has been found that hydrogen can play a key role in the conductivity of Ga2O3 by passivating deep defects and acting as a shallow donor. Recent vibrational spectroscopy experiments have found a dominant hydrogen center with a polarized O-H line at 3437 cm−1. These experiments along with theoretical analysis assign this line to a defect consisting of two equivalent H atoms trapped at a relaxed Ga vacancy. An expansion of this research has involved annealing treatments as well as measurements at different crystal orientations. These results have discovered a reservoir of "hidden" hydrogen in Ga2O3 whose identification involves a variety of hydrogen centers associated with the Ga vacancy, as well as other possible species.
Calculations of neutron activation response for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor and absolute calibrations of neutron yield

The most accurate determination of neutron yields from fusion reactors may be obtained from neutron activation measurements of elemental foils. On the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), a re-entrant irradiation end has been installed to provide a low-scattering environment close to the plasma for neutron activation measurements. The ratio of energy-dependent fluence to total fusion yield is calculated using a fully three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculation with the Monte Carlo code for neutron and photon transport (MCNP). Corrections to the `virgin` fluence from attenuation and scattering are only 10 to 20% for deuterium-tritium (D-T) reactions and 30 to 40% for deuterium-deuterium reactions. A total 1-sigma accuracy of {+-}8% is achieved for D-T neutron yields over a wide dynamic range. This paper documents the response coefficients (hits per source neutron, where hits are activated nuclei per target nuclei) for use by the neutron activation system on TFTR; describes the possible systematic corrections needed (such as major radial variations or the impact of ion temperature on reactions with high-energy thresholds); and estimates uncertainties in the response coefficients. Results from in situ use of a D-T neutron generator are also analyzed using the MCNP modeling as an approximate benchmarking experiment; only 20% accuracy inmore » the comparison is possible because of poor counting statistics in the calibration experiment. 21 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Even–Odd Alkyl Chain-Length Alternation Regulates Oligothiophene Crystal Structure

Alkyl chains of varied length and steric bulk are generally appended to π-conjugated chromophores to increase solubility. These alkyl chains also regulate many aspects of the solid-state packing an...
An Experimental Approach to Rigorously Assess Paneth Cell α-Defensin (Defa) mRNA Expression in C57BL/6 Mice

Abundant evidence from many laboratories supports the premise that α-defensin peptides secreted from Paneth cells are key mediators of host-microbe interactions in the small intestine that contribute to host defense and homeostasis. α-defensins are among the most highly expressed antimicrobial peptides at this mucosal surface in many mammals, including humans and mice; however, there is striking variation among species in the number and primary structure of α-defensin paralogs. Studies of these biomolecules in vivo are further complicated by striking variations between laboratory mouse strains. Herein, we report an experimental approach to determine with precision and specificity expression levels of α-defensin (Defa) mRNA in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice through an optimized set of oligonucleotide primers for qRT-PCR assays and cloned cDNA plasmids corresponding to the Defa paralogs. This approach demonstrated marked differences in α-defensin expression in C57BL/6 mice with respect to proximal/distal anatomical location and developmental stage, which have not been described previously. These data underscore the importance of careful attention to method (primer choice, proximal vs. distal location, and developmental stage) in analysis of antimicrobial peptide expression and their impact.
FaultSight: A Fault Analysis Tool for HPC Researchers

System reliability is expected to be a significant challenge for future extreme-scale systems. Poor reliability results in a higher frequency of interruptions in high-performance computer (HPC) applications due to system/application crashes or data corruption due to soft errors. In response, application level error detection and recovery schemes are devised to mitigate the impact of these interruptions. Evaluating these schemes and the reliability of an application re- quires the analysis of thousands of fault injection trials, resulting in tedious and time-consuming process. Furthermore, there is no one data analysis tool that can work with all of the fault injection frameworks currently in use. In this paper, we present FaultSight, a fault injection analysis tool capable of efficiently assisting in the analysis of HPC application reliability as well as the effectiveness of resiliency schemes. FaultSight is designed to be flexible and work with data coming from a variety of fault injection frameworks. The effectiveness of FaultSight is demonstrated by exploring the reliability of different versions of the Matrix-Matrix Multiplication kernel using two different fault injection tools. In addition, the detection and recovery schemes are highlighted for the HPCCG mini-app.
Designing and Implementing an Educational Social Media Campaign to Increase HPV Vaccine Awareness among Men on a Large College Campus

Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes an estimated 11,600 males to contract HPV-associated cancers in the U.S. every year. Purpose: We describe the generalized results of a social media...
The Omega Affair: Discontinuing the University of Michigan Department of Geography (1975–1982)

The University of Michigan Department of Geography was discontinued in 1982, after a grueling review process that saw the discipline’s necessity very publicly called into question. Despite the fact...
U-Boat Commander Oskar Kusch: Anatomy of a Nazi-Era Betrayal and Judicial Murder

Eric Rust, professor of history at Baylor University and author of Naval Officers under Hitler: The Men of Crew 34, continues his work on the German navy with this fascinating study of Nazi judicia...
Cinematic Testimony to the Repatriation of Zainichi Koreans to North Korea in Yang Yonghi’s Autobiographical Films

This article explores the cinematic potential of representing a silenced history of Korean residents in Japan who were repatriated to their “homeland” (North Korea) by examining Yang Yonghi’s films...
Immune function in X-linked retinoschisis subjects in an AAV8-RS1 phase I/IIa gene therapy trial

This study explored systemic immune changes in 11 subjects with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) in a phase I/IIa adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8)-RS1 gene therapy trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02317887 ). Immune cell proportions and serum analytes were compared to 12 healthy male controls. At pre-dosing baseline the mean CD4/CD8 ratio of XLRS subjects was elevated. CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and the serum epidermal growth factor (EGF) level were decreased, while CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs and serum interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased, indicating that the XLRS baseline immune status differs from that of controls. XLRS samples 14 days after AAV8-RS1 administration were compared with the XLRS baseline. Frequency of CD11b+CD11c+ DCc was decreased in 8 of 11 XLRS subjects across all vector doses (1e9–3e11 vector genomes [vg]/eye). CD8+human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR)+ cytotoxic T cells and CD68+CD80+ macrophages were upregulated in 10 of 11 XLRS subjects, along with increased serum granzyme B in 8 of 11 XLRS subjects and elevated IFN-γ in 9 of 11 XLRS subjects. The six XLRS subjects with ocular inflammation after vector application gave a modestly positive correlation of inflammation score to their respective baseline CD4/CD8 ratios. This exploratory study indicates that XLRS subjects may exhibit a proinflammatory, baseline immune phenotype, and that intravitreal dosing with AAV8-RS1 leads to systemic immune activation with an increase of activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and proinflammatory cytokines.
The Effect of Marijuana Use on Personality Development in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

This paper considers the effects of marijuana on personality development during adolescence, integrating psychoanalytic views of development, information from neuroscience research, and recent soci...
Gluten Cross-Contact in Restaurant-Scale Pasta Cooking

Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity are provoked by the consumption of gluten from wheat, barley, rye, and related grains. Affected individuals are advised to adhere to gluten-free diets. Recently, gluten-free foods have become a marketing trend with gluten-free options in both packaged foods and restaurants/ foodservice establishments. Pasta is one of the primary gluten-containing foods in diets in North America and Europe. Gluten-free pasta formulations are commercially available. In restaurants, multiple pasta dishes are often prepared simultaneously in large multi-compartment pots, with shared cooking water. The objective of this study was to determine if gluten transfer occurs between traditional and gluten-free pasta when cooked simultaneously. Pasta was boiled in a commercial, 4-compartment, 20-qt. cooking pot containing three batches of traditional penne pasta and one batch of gluten-free penne pasta. The amount of pasta (dry weight) was either 52 g (recommended serving size) or 140 g (typical restaurant portion). Five consecutive batches of pasta were boiled, with sampling of cooking water and gluten-free pasta at completion of cooking. Water and gluten-free pasta samples were tested for gluten using the Neogen Veratox for Gliadin ELISA kit. Gluten levels were low (<20 ppm) in both water and gluten-free pasta samples through five batches at the 52-g quantity. The gluten levels in the gluten-free pasta at the 52-g quantity slowly increased through five batches but never exceeded 20 ppm. With the 140-g quantity, the levels of gluten in the cooking water increased with each batch, exceeding 50 and 80 ppm after the fourth and fifth batches. The gluten levels in the gluten-free pasta at the 140-g quantity approached 20 ppm by the fourth batch and reached nearly 40 ppm after the fifth batch. While gluten transfer does not occur at a high rate, gluten-free pasta should be prepared in a separate cooking vessel in restaurant and foodservice operations.
Definitions of Trust: From Conceptual Components to the General Core

This chapter contains sections titled: A Content Analysis Missed Components and Obscure Links Intentional Action and Lack of Controllability: Relying on What is Beyond Our Power Two Intertwined Notions of Trust: Trust as Attitude vs. Trust as Act A Critique of Some Significant Definitions of Trust References
Applying Machine Learning for Ensemble Branch Predictors

The problem of predicting the outcome of a conditional branch instruction is a prerequisite for high performance in modern processors. It has been shown that combining different branch predictors can yield more accurate prediction schemes, but the existing research only examines selection-based approaches where one predictor is chosen without considering the actual predictions of the available predictors. The machine learning literature contains many papers addressing the problem of predicting a binary sequence in the presence of an ensemble of predictors or experts. We show that the Weighted Majority algorithm applied to an ensemble of branch predictors yields a prediction scheme that results in a 5-11% reduction in mispredictions. We also demonstrate that a variant of the Weighted Majority algorithm that is simplified for efficient hardware implementation still achieves misprediction rates that are within 1.2% of the ideal case.
"Malignant" hypertension resulting from atheromatous embolization predominantly of one kidney.

Abstract The presence of left-sided renal ischemia in a 57 year old man with malignant hypertension was suggested by an abnormal intravenous pyelogram and radioisotopic evidence of reduced blood flow to the left kidney. Plasma renin activity was higher in the left renal vein than in the right renal vein (ratio 2.3:1), despite a normal renal arteriogram, implying occlusion of small arteries or arterioles in the left kidney. The patient died and at autopsy was found to have an ulcerated plaque of atheroma overlying the orifice of the left renal artery, whence atheromatous embolization, predominantly of the left kidney, had taken place, causing ipsilateral renin release and hypertension.
Change in symptoms of erectile dysfunction in depressed men initiating buprenorphine therapy

Abstract Aims The aim of this study is to describe the change in erectile dysfunction (ED) symptoms in the first 12weeks of outpatient buprenorphine therapy. Background Erectile dysfunction is highly prevalent in men who use illicit opioids when compared with the general population. To date, no study has examined ED symptoms over time in men initiating buprenorphine therapy for opioid dependence. Methods A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine whether escitalopram treatment of depressive symptoms begun 1week prior to buprenorphine induction would improve treatment retention. Male patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function scale at baseline prior to induction and monthly thereafter. A score of 25 or less on the erectile function domain (range 1–30) is considered indicative of erectile dysfunction. Findings A total of 111 male subjects enrolled: mean age 38.5 (±9.7) years, 80.1% non-Hispanic Caucasian; 67.3% reported heroin as their opioid of choice. Mean IIEF at baseline was 20.4 (±10.5). At baseline, 44.1% of the entire cohort had erectile dysfunction; among those who identified as sexually active at baseline, 26.1% had ED. Baseline erectile function was inversely and significantly correlated with age ( r =−.27, p =.006), but was not associated significantly with race, heroin use, years of opioid use, smoking, or hazardous use of alcohol. Compared to baseline, mean erectile function was significantly improved ( p =.001) at 3months, and sexual desire ( p =.002) improved significantly at both 2- and 3-month assessments. Conclusion Erectile dysfunction is highly prevalent in depressed males using illicit opioids. Men who remain in buprenorphine treatment for 3months show improvement in erectile function and sexual desire.
Moral Education, Democratic Citizenship, and Religious Authority

I have two purposes in this essay: first, to argue that morality forms a central part of a liberal education and to say something about how it is properly taught; second, to argue more specifically that the moral virtues required by democratic citizenship, and the rights and obligations that citizenship entails, should figure in school curricula, and then to consider the conflicts with religious authority that this is sure to produce.
Cloning, Sequencing, and Characterization of Two Clustered Cellulase-Encoding Genes, celS1 and celS2, from Streptomyces viridosporus T7A and their Expression in Escherichia coli.

A recombinant clone, pBLP, containing a 4.1kb fragment of Streptomyces viridosporus T7A chromosomal DNA was shown to confer endoglucanase activity in Escherichia coli cells. Further subcloning and sequence analysis revealed two co-transcribed Open Reading Frames (ORF) with high sequence similarities to other Streptomyces endoglucanase-encoding genes. A signal peptide, a catalytic domain and cellulose binding domain were identified within ORF1 (celS1). The amino acid sequence of ORF2 (celS2) showed similarity with cellulose binding protein (p40) of Streptomyces halstedii. The hydrophobic analysis of CelSl revealed that it belongs to the family H cellu-lase catalytic domain. The rare TTA codon encoding leucine was found in the signal sequence of both the cellu-lase ORFs, indicating translational dependence on the bldA gene product, a cognate tRNA responsible for translating the TTA codons. The presence of 14 bp inverted repeats in the 5’-end of these genes, was consistent with the highly conserved positive regulatory structure found in other endoglucanase genes.
Controlling Material Properties of Ionically Cross-Linked Alginate Hydrogels by Varying Molecular Weight Distribution

The mechanical properties of alginate hydrogels are critical to their successful use in tissue engineering. We hypothesized that combining alginates of differing molecular weights would allow one to readily control and decouple the viscosity of the pre-gel solution from the post-gel stiffness. To test this, binary hydrogels were prepared by incorporating low molecular weight (MW) alginate (Mn ~ 3.3 x 104 g/mol) into 1 %(w/w) alginate solutions composed of high MW alginate (Mn ~ 2.2 x 105 g/mol). The addition of low MW alginate had minimal effects on the solution viscosity, allowing high solids loading in the solution while maintaining a workable solution. However, the increased mass loading resulted in much higher stiffness gels following ionic cross-linking with calcium. These data may be interpreted in relation to the microstructure of the solution versus hydrogel.
Compensation of fabrication errors in segmented x-ray optics

ABSTRACT Future large X-ray telescopes will be based on segmented design s and will require different techniques for error analysis and budgeting from those used for full shell optics. In this paper we develop a grazing incidence optical model using commercial software Zemax for figure error compensation. In particular we show how the image of a pair of mirror segments with average radius and/or average cone angle errors can be optimized with rigid body motions such as pitch, radial despace and axial despace. We show detailed tolerance analysis of th e optical model and present results on how to compensate for these errors up to limitations determined by mechanical constraints of the telescope module. Keywords: Keywords: x-ray optics, x-ray segmented telescope, grazing incidence, fabrication errors, figure errors, zemax 1. INTRODUCTION Future X-ray telescopes presents a significant technological ch allenge, as its mirror system must satisfy the requirements of larger effective area and as high as possible angular resolution. At the same time, budgetary constraints and launch capabilities require low production costs and low mass. The combination of these factors makes it clear that traditional full shell optics cannot meet these demands. Segmented X-ray optics
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FROM A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE

Modern systems, regardless of their design or purpose, rely on a wide variety of mission assets and resources. One of those assets, information (specifically for this paper, data information) may require protection due to its sensitive nature. If security is necessary, then the system developer may need to identify security services (such as confidentiality) and may require protection mechanisms (such as encryption) to be included as part of the overall system design and development. Information System Security (INFOSEC) requirements should be an integral part of the systems engineering process. In the systems engineering process, the initial activity is the identification of requirements. That is also the topic for security requirements, i.e., determining what data needs to be protected. Further development of related topics follows and includes threat assessment, policy and doctrinal (procedural) guidance, and risk analysis. These security-related concepts contribute to the identification of system security objectives, e.g., the mission data that requires protection in accordance with the postulated threat and applicable policy guidance. Finally, doctrinal and technology concepts are presented such that architectural decisions can be made to implement security mechanisms for the system security requirements.
Multi-fragmentation in intermediate energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

Abstract Multi-fragment disintegrations have been investigated for 1 2 9 Xe+ 1 9 7 Au collisions at E/A=50 MeV and 3 6 Ar+ 1 9 7 Au reactions at E/A= 35, 50, 80 and 110 MeV with a low threshold 4π multi-fragment detection array. For the 1 2 9 Xe+ 1 9 7 Au system, the average number of intermediate mass fragments (Z=3–20) increases strongly as a function of charged particle multiplicity and reaches values slightly larger than six for the most violent collisions. This is the largest mean fragment multiplicity yet observed. Molecular dynamics, bond percolation models, and conventional compound nuclear statistical decay calculations all predict far too few fragments for these systems. Reasonable agreement with the experimental data is obtained for statistical model calculations which assume the system breaks up at densities significantly less than normal nuclear density. The intrinsic excitations of emitted fragments are more consistent with thermal models for central collisions with large charged particle multiplicities than for less gentle peripheral collisions.
Composites based on bimodal vinyl ester resins with low hazardous air pollutant contents

Abstract Vinyl ester (VE) resins with a bimodal distribution of molecular weights were prepared via methacrylation of epoxy monomers. Bimodal VE resins and neat polymers had viscosities and mechanical properties similar to that of commercial resins. E-glass composites were prepared and also found to have similar mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties relative to composites fabricated using commercial resins. However, the fracture toughness of the bimodal resins was superior to that of the commercial resins partially as a result of increased molecular relaxations that were manifested in a broader glass transition. Overall, bimodal resins allow for the use of low styrene content (∼33 wt%), while maintaining excellent thermal, mechanical, and fracture properties for the neat resins and composites.
Repression of thrombospondin-1 expression, a natural inhibitor of angiogenesis, in polyoma middle T transformed NIH3T3 cells.

Thrombospondin-1 (TS1) is a modular extracellular matrix glycoprotein and expressed by many cell types in culture. Thrombospondin-1 inhibits angiogenesis and its expression inversely correlates with the degree of invasiveness and metastasis in tumor cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that expression of Polyoma middle T oncogene in NIH3T3 cells results not only in transformation but also represses expression of three thrombospondin isoforms, TS1, TS2, and TS3. Similar results were observed in ras, and to a lesser extent in src transformed NIH3T3 cells. Middle T and ras transformed cells expressed higher levels of c-jun mRNA, while the src transformed cells expressed higher levels of junB mRNA when compared to control cells. Thus, repression of thrombospondin levels appears to play an important role in establishment and maintenance of a malignant phenotype. This is mediated, at least in part, by alteration in c-jun activity in middle T and ras transformed NIH3T3 cells.
Phosphorus Uptake and Release from Submerged Sediments in a Simulated Stream Channel Inundated with a Poultry Litter Source

Northwest Arkansas, similar to many regions around the world, is home to intensive poultry production, which concentrates large amounts of nutrients in localized areas. Concerns over phosphorus (P) continue in these regions despite extensive conservation management efforts. Part of the concerns relates to the legacy effect of P in streams and the role of fluvial sediments in confounding land conservation measures. Sediment substrate was collected from five streams containing a variety of land uses in the Upper Illinois River Watershed (UIRW) to assess the buffering capacity of sediments on water column P. A purpose built fluvarium was used to determine sediment–P relationships during three flow phases: (I) baseflow (<0.005 mg P L−1), (II) uptake-enriched (1.8 mg P L−1), and (III) re-equilibration (<0.005 mg P L−1) where water was circulated over the sediment for 48 h at 0.001 m3 s−1 (1 L s−1). During each phase, flow was monitored and water sampled for determination of dissolved reactive P (DRP). In phase I, DRP reached equilibrium concentrations, which closely mimicked stream DRP at the time of sediment collection (R 2 = 0.77), and the highest concentration measured was 0.080 mg P L−1 and the lowest 0.016 mg P L−1. Sediments rapidly bound P (40 % within 1 h) during phase II. During phase II, 84 to 96 % of added P was removed from solution. Of this bound P, 1 to 7 % was released during phase III. Results indicate that fluvial sediments in the UIRW act as transient storage sites for P during high P events. Finally, streams that bound the most P during nutrient-rich flow released the least when returned to low P flow, indicating a greater ability to buffer P in streams.
Object Ensemble Processing in Human Anterior-Medial Ventral Visual Cortex

Our visual system can extract summary statistics from large collections of similar objects without forming detailed representations of the individual objects in the ensemble. Such object ensemble representation is adaptive and allows us to overcome the capacity limitation associated with representing specific objects. Surprisingly, little is known about the neural mechanisms supporting such object ensemble representation. Here we showed human observers identical photographs of the same object ensemble, different photographs depicting the same ensemble, or different photographs depicting different ensembles. We observed fMRI adaptation in anterior-medial ventral visual cortex whenever object ensemble statistics repeated, even when local image features differed across photographs. Interestingly, such object ensemble processing is closely related to texture and scene processing in the brain. In contrast, the lateral occipital area, a region involved in object-shape processing, showed adaptation only when identical photographs were repeated. These results provide the first step toward understanding the neural underpinnings of real-world object ensemble representation.
Phenytoin: The drug of choice in tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

Tricyclic antidepressants seem to have at least three types of effect on the heart: anticholinergic, adrenergic, and quinidine-like. Although the therapeutic emphasis in tricyclic antidepressant overdose has been on reversing the anticholinergic effects with physostigmine, there is considerable evidence suggesting that the life-threatening manifestations of tricyclic antidepressant overdose--the conduction defects, bradyarrhythmias, heart block, etc--are much more like quinidine and are more appropriately treated with phenytoin, or other drugs which enhance intracardiac conduction and myocardial contractility.
The dynamical group U(2) of the CDW state

Abstract The dynamical group of the mean field hamiltonian of the charge density wave (CDW) is shown to be the group U(2). Diagonalization of the hamiltonian, thermal Green function and the order parameter are discussed.
Automated evoked potential monitoring.

We have developed a computer system for use in the operating room and intensive care unit for the automated acquisition and classification of flash evoked potentials. The project goals were to: (1) acquire evoked potentials without user intervention; (2) recognize, label, and trend important parameters; and (3) alarm if parameters deviate too far from normal.
Schema induction and analogical transfer

An analysis of the process of analogical thinking predicts that analogies will be noticed on the basis of semantic retrieval cues and that the induction of a general schema from concrete analogs will facilitate analogical transfer. These predictions were tested in experiments in which subjects first read one or more stories illustrating problems and their solutions and then attempted to solve a disparate but analogous transfer problem. The studies in Part I attempted to foster the abstraction of a problem schema from a single story analog by means of summarization instructions, a verbal statement of the underlying principle, or a diagrammatic representation of it. None of these devices achieved a notable degree of sucess. In contrast, the experiments in Part II demonstrated that if two prior analogs were given, subjects often derived a problem schema as an incidental product of describing the similarities of the analogs. The quality of the induced schema was highly predictive of subsequent transfer performance. Furthermore, the verbal statements and diagrams that had failed to facilitate transfer from one analog proved highly beneficial when paired with two. The function of examples in learning was discussed in light of the present study.
Ibitero : Means and motive in the Rwandan genocide

No Abstract. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 59-77
Vascular smooth muscle cell migration induced by domains of thrombospondin-1 is differentially regulated.

Abstract Background Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration via defined intracellular signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to examine the signaling pathways whereby TSP-1 folded domains (amino-terminal [NH 2 ], procollagen homology [PCH], all 3 type 1 repeats [3TSR], and a single recombinant protein containing the 3rd type 2 repeat, the type 3 repeats, and the carboxyl-terminal [E3T3C1]) induce VSMC migration. Methods Quiescent VSMCs were pretreated with serum-free media or inhibitors: PP2 (c-Src), LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), FPT (Ras), Y27632 (Rho kinase), SB202190 (p38 kinase), and PD98059 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Migration induced by serum-free media, TSP-1, NH 2 , PCH, 3TSR, and E3T3C1 was assessed using a modified Boyden chamber. Results TSP-1, NH 2 , 3TSR, and E3T3C1 induced VSMC chemotaxis ( P P > .05). PP2, FPT, SB202190, and PD98059 attenuated chemotaxis stimulated by TSP-1, NH 2 , 3TSR, and E3T3C1 ( P P 2 -induced or 3TSR-induced ( P > .05) chemotaxis. Y27632 inhibited NH 2 -induced, 3TSR-induced, and E3T3C1-induced ( P P > .05) induced chemotaxis. Conclusions TSP-1 folded domains are differentially dependent on intracellular signaling pathways to induce migration.
Anesthesia for laparoscopy in the pediatric patient.

Although laparoscopy has been available since it was first described by Kelling in 1923, 31 only in the last decade has it found applications in pediatric surgery. As expertise and equipment have improved, an increasing number of young children now present for laparoscopic intervention. Early pediatric endoscopes, by necessity being smaller than their adult versions, tended to have a reduced viewing angle and produced dim images, but modern optical refinements such as the rod lens telescope, shortened instruments, and video technology allow high-quality views. As in adults, laparoscopy permits inspection of the abdominal and pelvic organs, and the retroperitoneal space and the lower portion of the kidneys, without disturbing the anatomic relationships of these structures. Anesthetic management is complicated by the major physiologic effects of the pneumoperitoneum and patient positioning. Modifications in anesthetic technique might be required to allow this novel operation to be performed safely. As more procedures are performed laparoscopically, knowledge of these physiologic changes has become fundamental to safe practice, especially when they are applied to sicker patients.
High-etch-rate ArF BARC composed of polyester

As the pattern size decreases, the thickness of resist also should be decreased owing to the pattern collapse problem. So the using of surfactant containing rinse material, instead of DI water, can be a solution to the collapse problem. The developing of Bottom Anti Reflective Coating (BARC) that has high etch rate will be helpful to the collapse issue because it enables low thickness resist process and pattern collapse will be decrease. In this paper, Polyacetal, polyacrylate and polyesters BARCs were evaluated. Polyacetal type BARC shows best coating property. Regardless of the topology, polyacetal type BARC shows good conformality. However, polyacrylate and polyesters show coating fail on the topology wafer. In terms of pattern collapse, polyacetal type BARC also shows best results. Among the three types of BARC, ArF BARC that is made by polyester resin shows highest etch rate after 2000ABRAC etch. However, when the etching target is 60nm, all BARCs have same etch rate. For the matching with line and space resist, all these three BARCs show good profile. However, polyester type BARC does not match with contact hole resist and could not define contact hole pattern.
Transpiration and Yield Relationships of Grain Sorghum Grown in a Field Environment

The ability of plants to convert transpiration (T) into dry matter has been studied since the early 20th century. Research has compared differences among species using transpiration efficiency (TE), the ratio of biomass yield (Y b ) to T; and m and k, which are the slopes of the linear Y b /T relationship normalized by atmospheric evaporative demand. The objective of this research was to develop transpiration and biomass relationships (TE, m, and k) and the transpiration and grain relationship (TE g ) of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown in a field environment. Grain sorghum was grown in 1998 and 1999 in weigh-able lysimeters using stored soil water only and in a rain shelter facility. This approach limited the irrigation and precipitation evaporation components ofE so that T estimated (T est ) using lysimetry in a field environment was emphasized. The TE remained constant through a range of water availability. The TE was similar between the 2 yr, and the combined data produced a slope of the Y b/ T est relationship of 3.5 g m ―2 mm ―1 . This was similar to the 3.3 g m ―2 mm ―1 reported for sorghum in the early 20th century, but smaller than current field studies which ranged from 4.0 g m ―2 mm ―1 to 5.7 g m ―2 mm ―1 . The TE g was 2.6 g m ―2 mm-1 . Normalization of T est by seasonal averages of reference evapotranspiration and vapor pressure deficit produced significant differences between years in the slopes of the relationships. Transpiration efficiency did not require normalization for variations in climate between years.
Delivering mobile enterprise applications on iMMS framework

Mobile messaging services like SMS, MMS and wireless instant messaging services have become the major revenue source of the wireless data services. Compared with the online web access model, messaging access is more preferred in the wireless environment because messaging systems work in an asynchronous way and can tolerate intermittent connectivity. Current mobile messaging focuses on consumer applications, e.g., person-to-person communication. To leverage mobile message usage in mobile enterprise applications, iMMS (Interactive Multimedia Messaging Service) is proposed in this paper, which adds interactive features into MMS standard to provide rich and friendly user interface, local interaction and offline operation. In this paper, a message package based programming model is introduced to support interactive messaging application development. A design of an iMMS framework based on this programming model is presented. The architecture of the framework is also discussed. Finally a mobile workflow solution is given to show the implementation of a mobile enterprise application on the framework.