cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and clinical significance of ambulatory myocardial ischemia in men and women in the general population presenting with angina pectoris

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and prognostic importance of ambulatory myocardial ischemia and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in men and women in the general population presenting for the first time with typical angina pectoris. Background. Previous studies in selected “low” and “high” risk patients with stable coronary heart disease report a wide range in the frequency of ischemia (24% to 82%) and there is no agreement about whether ambulatory ischemia is of prognostic importance for the generality of patients with stable angina. Methods. Consecutive patients ≤70 years of age from a randomly selected population with no previous coronary heart disease were assessed prospectively, and 96 patients with typical angina and 95 age-, gender- and practice-matched asymptomatic control subjects underwent 24-h ambulatory ST segment monitoring before antianginal therapy. All recordings were analyzed in blinded fashion. Follow-up evaluation of patients with angina to assess for revascularization, myocardial infarction and death was undertaken at a mean of 15.8 months (range 7 to 30) after the initial evaluation. Results. Transient episodes of ischemic ST segment depression were detected in 50 patients (52%) with angina and 9 control subjects (9%). In patients with angina, 159 episodes (71%) were silent, median duration of ischemia was 66 min (range 1 to 782) and mean ± SB ST depression was 2.4 ± 1.1 mm. In logistic regression analysis, serum cholesterol (p < 0.05) and ischemia on exercise (p < 0.01) were independently associated with the presence of ambulatory ischemia in men with angina, but only the latter was significant in women; this may reflect a different pathophysiologic basis for ambulatory ischemia in women. During follow-up, there were 29 events. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant difference in event-free survival between patients with angina who did and did not have ischemic episodes (66% vs. 72%, p = NS). Conclusions. This is the first study representative of new patients with angina pectoris in the general population and shows that ischemia during daily living activities is present in >50% of these patients but appears to be of no prognostic value.
Effects of mesoscale sea-surface temperature fronts on the marine atmospheric boundary layer

A numerical modelling study is presented focusing on the effects of mesoscale sea-surface temperature (SST) variability on surface fluxes and the marine atmospheric boundary-layer structure. A basic scenario is examined having two regions of SST anomaly with alternating warm/cold or cold/warm water regions. Conditions upstream from the anomaly region have SST values equal to the ambient atmosphere temperature, creating an upstream neutrally stratified boundary layer. Downstream from the anomaly region the SST is also set to the ambient atmosphere value. When the warm anomaly is upstream from the cold anomaly, the downstream boundary layer exhibits a more complex structure because of convective forcing and mixed layer deepening upstream from the cold anomaly. An internal boundary layer forms over the cold anomaly in this case, generating two distinct layers over the downstream region. When the cold anomaly is upstream from the warm anomaly, mixing over the warm anomaly quickly destroys the shallow cold layer, yielding a more uniform downstream boundary-layer vertical structure compared with the warm-to- cold case. Analysis of the momentum budget indicates that turbulent momentum flux divergence dominates the velocity field tendency, with pressure forcing accounting for only about 20% of the changes in momentum. Parameterization of surface fluxes and boundary-layer structure at these scales would be very difficult because of their dependence on subgrid-scale SST spatial order. Simulations of similar flow over smaller scale fronts (<5 km) suggest that small-scale SST variability might be parameterized in mesoscale models by relating the effective heat flux to the strength of the SST variance.
Percutaneous approach to indeterminate caliceal filling defects

Although the radiologic characteristics and endoscopic appearance of aberrant renal papillae have been described, a tissue diagnosis is the only way to exclude a low-grade urothelial malignancy. We report on three caliceal filling defects managed percutaneously in which biopsy findings confirmed aberrant papillae.
What counts in grammatical number agreement

Both notional and grammatical number affect agreement during language production. To explore their workings, we investigated how semantic integration, a type of conceptual relatedness, produces variations in agreement (Solomon & Pearlmutter, 2004). These agreement variations are open to competing notional and lexical–grammatical number accounts. The notional hypothesis is that changes in number agreement reflect differences in referential coherence: More coherence yields more singularity. The lexical–grammatical hypothesis is that changes in agreement arise from competition between nouns differing in grammatical number: More competition yields more plurality. These hypotheses make opposing predictions about semantic integration. On the notional hypothesis, semantic integration promotes singular agreement. On the lexical–grammatical hypothesis, semantic integration promotes plural agreement. We tested these hypotheses with agreement elicitation tasks in two experiments. Both experiments supported the notional hypothesis, with semantic integration creating faster and more frequent singular agreement. This implies that referential coherence mediates the effect of semantic integration on number agreement.
Partial pacemaker recycling of implanted QRS-inhibited pulse generators.

In the evaluation of twenty-three patients with implanted QRS-inhibited lithium-powered pulse generators (Intermedics C-MOS-1 and ARCO L1-2D), we repeatedly observed the phenomenon of partial pacemaker recycling (PPR), in which the escape interval induced by a premature ventricular beat is shorter than the automatic interval (AI). In order to determine the sensing properties of these pulse generators, programmed chest wall stimulation (CWS) was systematically performed in all 23 patients and, in addition, intracardiac programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) via temporary intravenous pacing catheters was performed in 9 of them. The AI of these pulse generators ranged from 820 to 860 msec and absolute refractory periods (ARP) from 220 to 330 msec. Precise correlation in determining pacemaker sensing properties could be demonstrated between CWS and PVS. The phenomenon of PPR occurred 110 to 240 msec following ARP with both CWS and PVS, and appeared to be time- rather than voltage-dependent. We conclude that: (1) CWS is a safe, simple and accurate method for studying pacemaker sensing properties, and (2) time-dependent PPR is a normal electrical feature of certain implanted QRS-inhibited lithium-powered pulse generators.
Fear of Extradyadic Involvement: Contextual, Relationship, Intrapersonal, and Partner Factors

This study examined the associations between fear of extradyadic involvement (a subtype of romantic jealousy defined as the experience of anxiety, suspicion, worry, and mistrust about a partner engaging in EDI) with relationship, intrapersonal, partner, and contextual variables. A cross-sectional design was conducted and multiple regression was used to examine the associations between the identified predictors and fear of EDI using a sample of adult participants (N = 306) recruited from online resources. The overall regression model was statistically significant and the results indicated that anxious attachment, negative communication, opportunity, and partner alcohol use were predictive of fear of EDI. Implications for relationship education programs, couple therapists, and future research are discussed.
Matrix sign function implementations on a hypercube multiprocessor

Three implementations of a matrix sign function algorithm for solving generalized algebraic Riccati equations on an Intel iPSC/d5 hypercube multiprocessor are described. The three implementations are compared for complexity of computation and communication. The best one showed efficiencies of about 60% on large problems. Timing results are given. >
Extending the quadrangle inequality to speed-up dynamic programming

Proving that a function satisfies the quadrangle inequality is a powerful and elegant way to show that a dynamic programming algorithm to compute that function can be sped up by a factor of the input size. In this paper we consider two problems that do no fit in the usual general cases of functions that satisfy the quadrangle inequality but for which the proof of the quadrangle inequality still carries through: the multi-peg Tower of Hanoi problem with weighted disks and the problem of constructing a Rectilinear Steiner Minimal Arborescence (RSMA) on a slide. We prove the quadrangle inequality holds for a generalized function that unifies the two problems. This speeds up algorithms for these problems from 0(n3p) to O(n2p) and from O(n3) to 0(n2) respectively.
Influence of rejection therapy on fungal and nocardial infections in renal-transplant recipients.

Abstract Of 51 renal-transplant recipients, 15 had twenty infections caused by fungus or nocardia. Of these 15 patients, aspergillus was found in 11, nocardia in 4, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and phycomycetes in 1. All 11 patients with aspergillus died, and in 8 of these patients aspergillus was judged to have been the principal cause of death. There was a significant correlation between the frequency of episodes of rejection (and their treatment) and the subsequent development of fungal or nocardial infection. These infections developed in 3 of the 23 patients with no rejections, as compared with 12 of the 31 patients treated for one or more rejection episodes (P
Intermediate Theory: The Missing Link in Successful Student Scholarship

Since 1998, five Texas State University students’ capstone papers have won the Pi Alpha Alpha master’s student paper award. This success rate is attributed to students’ mastery of the the art of bu...
RAD and the RAD Study-Annotator: an approach to collection, organization and exchange of all relevant information for high-throughput gene expression studies

Motivation: Gene expression array technology has become increasingly widespread among researchers who recognize its numerous promises. At the same time, bench biologists and bioinformaticians have come to appreciate increasingly the importance of establishing a collaborative dialog from the onset of a study and of collecting and exchanging detailed information on the many experimental and computational procedures using a structured mechanism. This is crucial for adequate analyses of this kind of data. Results: The RNA Abundance Database (RAD; http://www.cbil.upenn.edu/RAD) provides a comprehensive MIAME-supportive infrastructure for gene expression data management and makes extensive use of ontologies. Specific details on protocols, biomaterials, study designs, etc. are collected through a user-friendly suite of web annotation forms. Software has been developed to generate MAGE-ML documents to enable easy export of studies stored in RAD to any other database accepting data in this format (e.g. ArrayExpress). RAD is part of a more general Genomics Unified Schema (http://www.gusdb.org), which includes a richly annotated gene index (http://www.allgenes.org), thus providing a platform that integrates genomic and transcriptomic data from multiple organisms. This infrastructure enables a large variety of queries that incorporate visualization and analysis tools and have been tailored to serve the specific needs of projects focusing on particular organisms or biological systems. Availability: The system is freely available. Information on how to obtain it and how to install it can be found at http://www.cbil.upenn.edu/RAD/RAD-installation.htm
Impact of Social Network Type and Structure on Modeling Normative Energy Use Behavior Interventions

AbstractOccupant behavior has a substantial impact on the total energy consumption in buildings. To reduce consumption much work has been done investigating behavioral energy-use interventions (e.g., feedback). Being able to accurately identify effective interventions for specific buildings or communities of buildings based on local conditions has significant implications for reducing energy consumption and demand in buildings. Therefore, recently researchers have begun developing predictive models of these behavioral interventions. However, limited consideration has been given to the importance that modeling assumptions (regarding social network type and structure) have in determining impact on intervention outcome. In this paper, an integrated model that combines established social-psychological principles of social influence and cultural norm diffusion with building social network profiles is developed and tested to examine the effect of social network type and structure on interventions. The writers a...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Is a Human and Murine Neutrophil Chemorepellent

In Dictyostelium discoideum, AprA is a secreted protein that inhibits proliferation and causes chemorepulsion of Dictyostelium cells, yet AprA has little sequence similarity to any human proteins. We found that a predicted structure of AprA has similarity to human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV). DPPIV is a serine protease present in extracellular fluids that cleaves peptides with a proline or alanine in the second position. In Insall chambers, DPPIV gradients below, similar to, and above the human serum DPPIV concentration cause movement of human neutrophils away from the higher concentration of DPPIV. A 1% DPPIV concentration difference between the front and back of the cell is sufficient to cause chemorepulsion. Neutrophil speed and viability are unaffected by DPPIV. DPPIV inhibitors block DPPIV-mediated chemorepulsion. In a murine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, aspirated bleomycin induces a significant increase in the number of neutrophils in the lungs after 3 d. Oropharyngeal aspiration of DPPIV inhibits the bleomycin-induced accumulation of mouse neutrophils. These results indicate that DPPIV functions as a chemorepellent of human and mouse neutrophils, and they suggest new mechanisms to inhibit neutrophil accumulation in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Generalization Bounds and Complexities Based on Sparsity and Clustering for Convex Combinations of Functions from Random Classes

A unified approach is taken for deriving new generalization data dependent bounds for several classes of algorithms explored in the existing literature by different approaches. This unified approach is based on an extension of Vapnik's inequality for VC classes of sets to random classes of sets - that is, classes depending on the random data, invariant under permutation of the data and possessing the increasing property.Generalization bounds are derived for convex combinations of functions from random classes with certain properties. Algorithms, such as SVMs (support vector machines), boosting with decision stumps, radial basis function networks, some hierarchies of kernel machines or convex combinations of indicator functions over sets with finite VC dimension, generate classifier functions that fall into the above category. We also explore the individual complexities of the classifiers, such as sparsity of weights and weighted variance over clusters from the convex combination introduced by Koltchinskii and Panchenko (2004), and show sparsity-type and cluster-variance-type generalization bounds for random classes.
Combinations of Two Capsid Regions Controlling Canine Host Range Determine Canine Transferrin Receptor Binding by Canine and Feline Parvoviruses

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and its host range variant, canine parvovirus (CPV), can bind the feline transferrin receptor (TfR), while only CPV binds to the canine TfR. Introducing two CPV-specific changes into FPV (at VP2 residues 93 and 323) endowed that virus with the canine TfR binding property and allowed canine cell infection, although neither change alone altered either property. In CPV the reciprocal changes of VP2 residue 93 or 323 to the FPV sequences individually resulted in modest reductions in infectivity for canine cells. Changing both residues in CPV to the FPV amino acids blocked the canine cell infection, but that virus was still able to bind the canine TfR at low levels. This shows that both CPV-specific changes control canine TfR binding but that binding is not always sufficient to mediate infection.
Chemoenzymatic design of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides.

Heparan sulfate is a sulfated glycan that exhibits essential physiological functions. Interrogation of the specificity of heparan sulfate-mediated activities demands a library of structurally defined oligosaccharides. Chemical synthesis of large heparan sulfate oligosaccharides remains challenging. We report the synthesis of oligosaccharides with different sulfation patterns and sizes from a disaccharide building block using glycosyltransferases, heparan sulfate C5-epimerase, and sulfotransferases. This method offers a generic approach to prepare heparan sulfate oligosaccharides possessing predictable structures.
A sub rosa world: Medicare and the cost of new technology

The cost of medical care, particularly new medical technologies, continues to rise. This article examines how Medicare struggles to confront the challenge of shaping coverage decisions for expensive new technologies in light of political pressure to restrain cost, imperfect information about the effectiveness of new technologies, and a limited scope of power for how these decisions can be made. This article argues that, while these coverage decisions must be made with express reference to evidence of effectiveness, the interpretation of this evidence is distorted by hidden cost concerns by both Medicare and those who seek coverage.
Effects of Weight and Weight Change on Cardiac Remodeling Over 20 Years: The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study.

Relative weight, often characterized as body mass index (BMI), is a factor associated with left ventricular (LV) mass and geometry. Cross-sectional studies in middle-aged adults showed higher BMI was associated with higher LV mass and volumes [(1)][1]. Longitudinal data in another middle-aged cohort
A restriction fragment length polymorphism-based polymerase chain reaction as an alternative to serotyping for identifying Salmonella serotypes.

Abstract The phase 1 (fliC) and phase 2 (fljB) Salmonella flagella genes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to aid in the identification of different Salmonella serotypes. Twenty-four phase 1 flagellin and eight phase 2 flagellin genes could be differentiated among each other with restriction endonucleases Sau3A and HhaI in RFLP-PCR analysis. These flagellin genes comprise the major antigenic formulas for 52 serotypes of Salmonella sp., which include the common serotypes found in poultry and other important food animal species. With the knowledge of the O antigen composition determined from conventional O serotyping, 90% of the Salmonella serotypes could be identified by this double restriction enzyme RFLP analysis of fliC and fljB genes. This RFLP-PCR flagellar typing scheme was successfully applied to the identification of serotype for 112 Salmonella isolates obtained from poultry environment. There was a significant correlation between RFLP-...
Roles of Farm Productivity and Marketing Margins in Postwar Decline in Farm Prices

Cross‐commodity data rather than time‐series data were used to determine the incidence of increased marketing margins. Changes in the farm prices of the several food groups were found to be negatively associated with changes in output per man‐hour, the best available indicator of changes in cost of production. On the other hand, changes in marketing margins were not meaningfully related to farm price changes. For the same food groups, the market‐basket data on farm and retail prices, plus the USDA indices of changes in farm output, provided a framework for showing the extent of the shifts in retail demand, farm demand, and farm supply functions. The indicated shifts in the farm supply curves were generally consistent with the productivity effects previously noted.
Differential Gene Expression in Daphnia magna Suggests Distinct Modes of Action and Bioavailability for ZnO Nanoparticles and Zn Ions

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are being rapidly developed for use in consumer products, wastewater treatment, and chemotherapy providing several possible routes for ZnO NP exposure to humans and aquatic organisms. Recent studies have shown that ZnO NPs undergo rapid dissolution to Zn2+, but the relative contribution of Zn2+ to ZnO NP bioavailability and toxicity is not clear. We show that a fraction of the ZnO NPs in suspension dissolves, and this fraction cannot account for the toxicity of the ZnO NP suspensions to Daphnia magna. Gene expression profiling of D. magna exposed to ZnO NPs or ZnSO4 at sublethal concentrations revealed distinct modes of toxicity. There was also little overlap in gene expression between ZnO NPs and SiOx NPs, suggesting specificity for the ZnO NP expression profile. ZnO NPs effected expression of genes involved in cytoskeletal transport, cellular respiration, and reproduction. A specific pattern of differential expression of three biomarker genes including a multicystatin,...
DISEQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN DISEASE-RESISTANCE VARIANTS AND ALLOZYME LOCI IN AN ANNUAL LEGUME.

Polymorphism existed at 58% of the enzyme loci examined (11/19) in one population of the highly self-pollinated annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata. Due to extreme gametic disequilibrium among loci, genetic variation in this population was structured into a small number of multilocus genotypes. Over 97% of the plants sampled could be grouped into two classes (biotypes "A" and "B"), each consisting of a few highly similar genotypes. The two classes had mutually exclusive sets of alleles at nine loci. These classes differed sharply in their disease resistance toward one isolate of the specialist fungal pathogen Synchytrium decipiens from their native habitat. All biotype A plants were strongly susceptible, and all biotype B plants were resistant. When plants of both biotypes were exposed to this pathogen in a greenhouse, the resistant biotype (B) exhibited a significantly higher growth rate. The strong association between plant disease-resistance phenotypes and allozyme variants implies that pathogen attack could be a major selective agent influencing the evolution of neutral or near-neutral alleles at enzyme loci in this plant.
Effect of purified luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LH-RF) on plasma LH activity at various stages of the estrous cycle of the rat.

SummarySephadex-purified LH-RF was injected intravenously into female rats at various stages of the estrous cycle. The effect on plasma LH activity was estimated by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion technique. LH-RF evoked an increase in plasma LH activity at all stages of the estrous cycle. No definite changes in sensitivity to the LH-RF could be detected, although there was a suggestion that the sensitivity might be enhanced on the morning of proestrus. The experimental results are consistent with the hypothesis that varying rates of release of LH-RF are responsible for the changing rates of release of LH during the estrous cycle.
Hemostatic Mechanisms, Antithrombin III and Purpura Fulminans

Purpura fulminans is extremely rare and exhibits a sudden onset, a combination that makes early effective treatment very difficult to institute. The nature of the disease is obscure, and the relation between the purpura and coagulation abnormalities is not known. The coagulation changes brought about by the disease are severe but uniform, according to the descriptions in the literature.' 9 A prolonged prothrombin time • • 9 and an inhibition of the thrombinfibrinogen interaction • • are almost always reported when coagulation studies have been performed. To distinguish among afibrinogenemia, • 6 • H circulating anticoagulants of the heparinoid type, and antithrombin, ' ' all of which have been reported, requires much experience in this field and the availability of highly purified reagents. It is probable that the same inhibition of the thrombin-fibrinogen interaction has been observed and attributed to different mechanisms throughout the literature. Whether or not the abnormalities of coagulation are characteristic of purpura fulminans, or are characteristic of the severity of the disease is not known. Our 2 patients manifested closely similar coagulation deviations. A prolonged prothrombin
Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of carbohydrate-calcite interactions in concentrated brine.

We report atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the interactions of a model carbohydrate monomer (Glucopyranose) and calcite slabs in brine. We show that the interactions between the sugar molecules and the mineral decrease with increasing salinity. The decrease is due to the formation of salt layers on the calcite surfaces, which screen the carbohydrate–calcite hydrogen bonding. This screening effect depends on the affinities of calcite surface to specific ions as well as to the carbohydrate molecules.
A Study on Gear Transient Scuffing Considering Initial Meshing

Aiming at the shortage of flash temperature method and integral temperature method for traditional thermal scuffing calculation,considering the gear initial meshing and actual working conditions,the finite element analysis model of tooth is established through the finite element method and theory of heat transfer,loading the boundary conditions and solving the tooth transient temperature field,and then the tooth transient temperature distribution is obtained and the distribution regularity of temperature field is studied. Finally,it compared transient temperature and the theoretical value of tooth. The results show that: flashing temperature method is conservative,transient thermal scuffing analysis results of considering initial meshing conform to actual conditions,and it provides an important basis for guiding gear reliability design,thermal scuffing, thermal stress,thermal deformation and so on.
KINETICS OF THE INTERNAL NITRIDATION OF STEEL 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo

A kinetic equation of process of the internal nitridation below asurface nitride layer was derived.This equation is also applicable to the processof double internal nitridation.The steel 4Cr14Ni14W2Mo was nitrided in gase-ous medium of ammonia.The process was designed on the basis of thekinetic equation,and the expected results were achieved.The nitriding layer'sspalling of the steel can be eliminated with high temperature of nitridation andhigh rate of ammonia dissociation.
Membrane lung perfusion for acute respiratory failure.

When the patient with acute respiratory failure becomes refractory to conventional modes of therapy, and when the underlying cause is reversible, respiratory support using a membrane oxygenator may be required.
High-k/Metal Gates- from research to reality

Miniaturization of the Si MOSFET required in order to attain higher transistor performance and greater economies of scale have spurred the need for significant materials innovations. This is most apparent in the search for the ideal high-k/metal gate stack as replacement for conventional SiON/Poly-Si gate stacks. In this paper, some of the key advances that have made high-k/metal gate stacks a reality will be reviewed. The innovations included optimized metal and interfaces for improved electron mobility in HfO2/metal gate stacks and insertion of nanoscale gp. IIA and IIIB elements layers between the HfO2 and metal electrode stack for band-edge nMOSFETs. Significant hurdles prevented similar solutions for pMOSFET stacks, primarily due to the presence of thermally activated point defects. However, by careful engineering optimization, pMOSFETs have also been realized, resulting in scalable high performance CMOS using High-k/metal gate stacks.
Discovering News Frames: Exploring Text, Content, and Concepts in Online News Sources to Address Water Insecurity in the Southwest Region

The Internet is a major source of online news content. Current efforts to evaluate online news content, including text, story line and sources is limited by the use of small-scale manual techniques that are time consuming and dependent on human judgments. This article explores the use of machine learning algorithms and mathematical techniques for Internet-scale data mining and semantic discovery of news content that will enable researchers to mine, analyze and visualize large-scale datasets. This research has the potential to inform the integration and application of data mining to address real-world socio-environmental issues, including water insecurity in the Southwestern United States. This paper establishes a formal definition of framing and proposes an approach for the discovery of distinct patterns that characterize prominent frames. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed process is an effective and efficient semi-supervised machine learning method to inform data mining for inferring classification.
Biomarkers for the detection of renal fibrosis and prediction of renal outcomes: a systematic review

Fibrosis is the unifying pathway leading to chronic kidney disease. Identifying biomarkers of fibrosis may help predict disease progression. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the reliability of blood and urine biomarkers in identifying fibrosis on biopsy as well as predicting renal outcomes. Using MEDLINE and EMBASE, a two-stage search strategy was implemented. Stage I identified a library of biomarkers correlating with fibrosis on biopsy. Stage II evaluated the association between biomarkers identified in stage I, and renal outcomes. Only biomarkers with moderate positive correlation with fibrosis (r > 0.40) or acceptable area under the curve (AUC >0.65) advanced to stage II. Stage I identified 17 studies and 14 biomarkers. Five biomarkers met criteria to advance to stage II, but only three were independently associated with renal outcomes. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) correlated with fibrosis (r = 0.60), and was associated with 1.7–3.9 times the risk of worsening renal function in 426 patients. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) diagnosed fibrosis with AUC of 0.66 and was associated with 2.3–11.0 times the risk of worsening renal function in 596 patients. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) correlated with fibrosis (r = 0.41), and was associated with 2.5 times the risk of worsening renal function. Given the heterogeneity of the data due to diverse patient populations along with differing renal outcomes, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. Nonetheless we can conclude from the published data that TGF-β, MCP-1 and MMP-2 may identify patients at risk for renal fibrosis and hence worse renal outcomes.
A structural investigation of FISLE-412, a peptidomimetic compound derived from saquinavir that targets lupus autoantibodies.

Abstract FISLE-412 is the first reported small molecule peptidomimetic that neutralizes anti-dsDNA autoantibodies associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. FISLE-412 is a complex small molecule that involves a challenging synthesis scheme, but has attractive pharmacological activities as a potential small molecule therapeutic in lupus. Therefore, we initiated a Structure–Activity Relationship study to simplify the complexity of FISLE-412. We synthesized a small library of mimetopes around the FISLE-412 structure and identified several analogues which could neutralize anti-DNA lupus antibodies in vitro and ex vivo . Our strategies reduced the structural complexity of FISLE-412 and provide important information that may guide development of potential autoantibody-targeted lupus therapeutics.
Introduction of High Throughput and Cost Effective SNP Genotyping Platforms in Soybean

We presented here the application of two in-plate SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping platforms for soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], KASPÂ® (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping, LGC Genomics) and TaqManÂ® (Life Technologies) respectively. These two systems offer us an ability to determine the genotypes of 384 individual samples accurately and efficiently by allele specific PCR in a single plate using typical PCR conditions. Both of the systems require small quantity of genomic DNA obtained from a simple DNA extraction. The genomic sequences containing target SNPs can easily be used as a basic blueprint to design the probes and primers of KASPÂ® and TaqManÂ® assays whether the sequences are obtained from the genome sequence of soybean William 82 (Wm82.a2.v1), Illumina Soy50k SNPs, or parallel resequencing. Moreover, we listed the pros and cons of the two systems and explained the principles behind the platforms. The high call rate and clear clustering separation of the SNPs can be readily obtained from these platforms without conducting any assay optimization processes. These platforms can routinely be performed on 96/384-well plate format with or without an automation procedure. Therefore, these platforms are especially suitable for the SNP genotyping on a particular trait with a large sample size, gene fine mapping, and marker assisted selection. Further, they require little hands-on experience and achieve per-site and per-individual costs below that of current SSR, AFLP, RFLP, and SNP chip technologies. The platforms can be used for genotyping on a wide range of organisms due to their simplicity and flexibility of handling. Meanwhile, we also especially presented some of the advantages using KASPÂ® SNP genotyping pipeline, which was cost effective in the selection of allele specific assay and therefore, efficiently facilitated the soybean genotyping across large numbers (thousands or more) of individual lines for a great range of markers (hundreds to thousands) in our laboratory.
Sensing Mechanism and Real-Time Computing for Granular Materials

AbstractThe discrete element method (DEM) has been widely used to study the mechanical behavior of granular materials. However, potential error accumulation over the required large number of time s...
Children's behavioral health needs and satisfaction and commitment of foster and adoptive parents: Do trauma-informed services make a difference?

Objective Caring for children in foster or adoptive care with behavioral health needs can severely stress parents, contributing to adverse outcomes for children and families. Trauma-informed services from the child welfare and mental health sectors may help prevent poor outcomes by helping children and parents identify and understand trauma and its impact on children's behavioral health and receive effective treatment. To help understand the role of trauma-informed services for the child welfare population, we examined whether trauma-informed child welfare and mental health services moderated the relationship between children's behavioral health needs and parent satisfaction and commitment. Method The researchers analyzed data from a cross-sectional statewide survey of foster and adoptive parents (n = 512 respondents, 42% of 1,206 contacted) from one state. Results Foster (but not adoptive) parent ratings of trauma-informed mental health services significantly moderated the relationship between children's behavioral health needs and foster and adoptive parent satisfaction and commitment. As ratings of trauma-informed mental health services increased, the association between child behavioral health needs and parent satisfaction and commitment became nonsignificant, suggesting a buffering effect. Trauma-informed child welfare services did not moderate the relationship for foster or adoptive parents. Conclusions Leaders and policymakers are urged to promote trauma-informed mental health services for children involved with child welfare to potentially buffer foster parents against lower parenting satisfaction and commitment. More research is needed to replicate and expand on these findings and to examine the effectiveness of trauma-informed services on other relevant child and family outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Occupations, Organizations, and Intragenerational Career Mobility

Intragenerational mobility—persistent or secular upward or downward changes in individuals’ economic positions or occupational standing over their working lives—is intimately related both to intergenerational mobility and inequality as well as to labor market theories and behaviors. Careers are job sequences or patterns of mobility/immobility within and between occupations and organizations, the two major work structures that shape the opportunities available in the labor market. This article reviews research that links occupations and organizations to careers and intragenerational mobility. We emphasize the multidisciplinary nature of contributions to this topic and focus on integrating research by sociologists and economists. We also highlight cross-national research and emphasize the literatures that address questions related to social stratification and labor markets. Finally, we suggest fruitful areas for future research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology Volum...
Patañjali (2nd Century B.C.)

Patanjali (2nd century b.c.) is believed to have authored the Yoga Sūtra (‘The Rules of Yoga’) and the Mahābhā s˚ya (‘The Great Commentary’). In the tradition of Indian grammatical studies, the A s˚t˚ādhyāyī of Pān˚ini (5th century b.c.) is considered the most important grammatical text. Patanjali's Mahābhā s˚ya is considered the second most important grammatical text after Pān˚ini's A s˚t˚ādhyāyī. In it, Patanjali takes the Vārttikas (‘Explanatory Rules’) of Kātyāyana (3rd century b.c.) and explains them with examples, and in many cases, defends Pān˚ini. Moreover, he also carries out in great measure Kātyāyana's work by examining sūtras on which there are no vārttikas.
The Structure of Trivalent Graphs with Minimal Eigenvalue Gap

Let G be a connected trivalent graph on n vertices (n \ge 10) such that among all connected trivalent graphs on n vertices, G has the largest possible second eigenvalue. We show that G must be {\it reduced\ path-like}, i.e. G must be of the form: where the ends are one of the following: (the right-hand end block is the mirror image of one of the blocks shown) and the middle blocks are one of the following: This partially solves a conjecture implicit in a paper of Bussemaker, Cobeljic, Cvetkovic, and Seidel [3].
Retirement Income Security Apres le Deluge

This paper surveys the economic wreckage created by Wall Street's decision to manufacture and sell trillions of dollars of financial securities, which we now call toxic. And we call them toxic, not because they were risky, but because they were fraudulent. Rather than address the fundamental reasons the financial sector engages in malfeasance, the US government has been busy issuing its own fundamentally fraudulent securities, namely guarantees to support large segments of the financial sector were there to be major runs on the banks and other financial institutions. Fulfilling such guarantees would require printing trillions upon trillions of dollars and causing hyperinflation. The potential for such runs is very large, indeed, thanks to Uncle Sam's perilous fiscal finances. Achieving fiscal balance and financial security will require fundamental reform of America's retirement, tax, Social Security, and financial systems. These reforms, as outlined here, may strike some as radical. But what is truly radical is maintaining the policies now in place. (JEL codes: H2, H5, and G2) Copyright The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Munich. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.
KEEPING QUALITY OF MARKET MILK OBTAINED AT RETAIL OUTLETS AND AT PROCESSING PLANTS1

Summary A study was made of the keeping quality of market milk obtained from retail outlets and processing plants in Lexington, Ky., during 1963. Included were a total of 144 samples from retail outlets processed by 9 commercial plants and 92 samples obtained at 5 commercial processing plants. Approximately 7, 16, 31, 58 and 74% of the retail outlet samples did not have a satisfactory flavor score after storage for 0 (date purchased), 4, 7, 10 and 14 days, respectively, at 40–42 F. The average keeping quality was 7.7 days from the date of purchase. The samples ranged from 0 to 14 days old when purchased, the average being 3.9 days. Approximately 2, 8, 52, and 83% of the samples obtained at the processing plants did not have a satisfactory flavor score after storage for 0 (date obtained), 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively, at 50 F. The majority of the samples possessed “psychrophilic” type defects at the time the flavor quality was judged unacceptable. Initial standard plate, coliform, and psychrophilic count...
Fish Assemblage Response to Altered Dendritic Connectivity in the Red River Basin, Central Louisiana

Louisiana's streams provide habitat for a diversity of ecologically and economically important fish species. However, most stream systems in the state have been subject to substantial anthropogenic alterations related to municipal, agricultural, and forest resource development. Extensive reservoir construction has also resulted in altered dendritic connectivity in many drainages, which has been shown to significantly alter the function and biodiversity of streams throughout the U.S. This study explored interactions among stream connectivity, watershed characteristics, stream physicochemistry, and fish assemblage composition and abundance in 21 headwater streams within the Red River basin of Louisiana, with half flowing directly into a reservoir. In 2014 and 2015, fish were sampled by electrofishing and seining, and habitats and physicochemistry were characterized. Six fish species were exclusively found in reservoir streams, three fish species were only found in river tributaries, seven fish species were more abundant in river tributaries, and all richness metrics (total, stream specialist, and generalist) calculated for seined fishes were higher in river tributaries. Notably, Grass Pickerel (Esox americanus) was more abundant in river tributaries. Because of its potential role as an obligate glochidial host for the Louisiana Pearlshell Mussel (Margaritifera hembeli), the influence of stream fragmentation on Grass Pickerel may have significant implications regarding conservation of this endangered mussel. Our results parallel trends observed in similar studies indicating decreased species richness and abundance in streams truncated by reservoirs.
A comprehensive GPU-based framework for scatter estimation in single source, dual source, and photon-counting CT

Scattered radiation is one of the leading causes of image quality degradation in computed tomography (CT), leading to decreased contrast sensitivity and inaccuracy of CT numbers. The established gold-standard technique for scatter estimation in CT is Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, which is computationally expensive, thus limiting its utility for clinical applications. In addition, the existing MC tools are generalized and often do not model a realistic patient and/or a scanner-specific scenario, including lack of models for alternative CT configurations. This study aims to fill these gaps by introducing a comprehensive GPU-based MC framework for estimating patient and scanner-specific scatter for single-source, dual-source, and photon-counting CT using vendor-specific geometry/components and anatomically realistic XCAT phantoms. The tool accurately models the physics of photon transport and includes realistic vendor-specific models for x-ray spectra, bowtie filter, anti-scatter grid, and detector response. To demonstrate the functionality of the framework, we characterized the scatter profiles for a Mercury and an XCAT phantom using multiple scanner configurations. The timing information from the simulations was tallied to estimate the speedup over a comparable CPU-based MC tool. We also utilized the scatter profiles from the simulations to enhance the realism of primary-only ray-traced images generated for the purpose of virtual clinical trials (VCT). A speedup as high as 900x over a CPU-based MC tool was also observed for our framework. The results indicate the capability of this framework to quantify scatter for different proposed CT configurations and the significance of scatter contribution for simulating realistic CT images.
Realization of Topology-Optimized Multilayer Metasurfaces

Multilayer metasurfaces promise extraordinary electromagnetic control beyond those achievable with single layer devices. We discuss methods for the practical design and fabrication of multilayer metasurfaces.
Genetic Diversity Within and Among Populations of the Endangered Southeastern North American Plant Species, Tiedemannia canbyi (Apiaceae) and its More Common Congener, T. filiformis

Genetic analyses can provide important insights for the successful reestablishment or augmentation of populations of endangered plant species. Tiedemannia canbyi (Apiaceae) is an endangered southeastern US coastal plain species whose natural range extends from southwestern Georgia to southeastern North Carolina with a disjunct (approximately 600 km) population in Maryland. T. canbyi currently has only approximately 40 known populations. Thirty nuclear allozyme loci were employed to determine the levels and distribution of neutral genetic diversity within and among 14 populations of T. canbyi and eight populations of its more common and widespread congener, T. filiformis. Both species exhibited relatively high levels of genetic diversity (He = 0.185 and 0.284 for T. canbyi and T. filiformis, respectively). The Maryland population of T. canbyi had the lowest overall level of genetic diversity (He = 0.089). Genetic differentiation among populations of both species was similar (GST = 0.250 and 0.254). Populations of T. canbyi formed two genetically distinct groups, southwest and south-central Georgia vs. eastern Georgia, South Carolina, and Maryland. Six T. filiformis populations from southern and coastal Georgia and coastal South Carolina formed one genetically similar group while an inland population from Georgia and an inland South Carolina population were genetically distinct from each other and from the six coastal populations. Patterns of genetic variation observed for these two Tiedemannia species are most consistent with the different groups of populations having originated from genetically discrete glacial refugia. The value of these results for the restoration and/ or augmentation of T. canbyi populations is discussed.
A multiple-shooting differential dynamic programming algorithm. Part 2: Applications

Abstract A Multiple-Shooting Differential Dynamic Programming Algorithm is applied to a variety of constrained nonlinear optimal control problems, including classic benchmark problems, as well as a robotic arm problem and sensitive spacecraft trajectory optimization problems. The multiple-shooting extension presented in Part 1 is validated, as well as the Powell, Hestenes, and Rockafellar approach used in the treatment of equality and inequality path and terminal constraints. The results for example applications demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm to a variety of trajectory optimization problems. The advantages of the multiple-shooting approach over the single-shooting algorithm is evident in problems with high sensitivity. In particular, convergence of the multiple-shooting algorithm is demonstrated for complex spacecraft trajectory problems that are intractable using the single-shooting formulation.