cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presenting Precious Knowledge: Using Film to Model Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy and Youth Civic Activism for Social Studies Teachers

In this article, I examine the potential for developing preservice social studies teachers’ understanding of transformational resistance, Latin@ civil rights movements, and culturally sustaining pedagogy through a project using the film Precious Knowledge. This documentary depicts high school students in a Mexican American Studies (MAS) program using civil disobedience to protest Arizona’s ban of the program. The teachers prepared for the screening by reading and responding to scholarly articles on Latin@ school engagement and Chican@ student activism. After viewing the film and engaging in small group and whole class discussions, participants reported that they learned about current and past Chican@ student movements and gained an appreciation for the transformational potential of youth civic activism. The project serves as an example of how methods instructors could use school documentaries or other films as pedagogical tools, and more specifically it suggests readings and instructional activities to pa...
A single-payer system would reduce U.S. health care costs.

A single-payer health system is the only way for the United States to consolidate fragmented health care administration, successfully negotiate lower prices for medical care, and adopt responsible rather than profit-driven strategies.
Association between The Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool and cardiovascular disease risk factors in 10-year old children.

AbstractObjective. To examine the association of the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) screening tool with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 10-year old children. Methods. A total of 119 children were assessed for body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, waist circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), and resting blood pressure. A continuous CVD risk score was created using total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and waist circumference. The FNPA survey was completed by parents. Results. The FNPA score was significantly correlated with adiposity measures (r = −0.35 to −0.43) and the continuous CVD risk score (r = −0.22) (p < 0.05) but not with TC:HDL or MAP. The prevalence of overweight and obese (43.1% vs. 14.9%) and the mean values for BMI (20.3 ± 4.3 vs. 18.0 ± 2.7 kg/m2) and percent body fat (24.8 ± 8.3% vs. 20.1 ± 5.7%) were significantly higher in children with a FNPA score ≤ 25 when compared to tho...
Letter Size and Legibility1

The legibility of displayed letters depends upon their size, or more accurately, their subtended visual angle at any viewing distance. Current design standards recommend letter heights in the range from 0.003 to 0.007 rad (10 to 24 mill of arc) for good viewing conditions, with 0.0015 rad (5 min) considered a lower limit based on normal visual acuity. A field study involving some 2000 measures for over 300 printed displays found a mean letter height of 0.0019 rad (7 min) at the limit of legibility, with over 90% legibility at 0.003 rad and virtually 100% at 0.007 radians.
Characterization of Community-Acquired Staphylococcus Aureus Infections in Children

Background:Limited data exist concerning characteristics of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections (CA-SAI) in central and eastern Kentucky.Objective:To describe the incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2005, compare the number of CA-MRSA infections between years, and contrast treatment interventions and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of CA-SAI.Methods:A concurrent and retrospective study was conducted in 125 patients less than 18 years of age with CA-SAI admitted to the hospital/clinic based on criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data on demographics, length of stay, antibiotic therapy, and antibiotic susceptibilities were collected.Results:Seventy patients were included for analysis (CA-MRSA, n = 51; community-acquired methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [CA-MSSA], n = 19). No statistically significant differences were noted between the number of CA-MRSA infectio...
The High Flux Beam Reactor at Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory`s High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) was built because of the need of the scientist to always want `more`. In the mid-50`s the Brookhaven Graphite reactor was churning away producing a number of new results when the current generation of scientists, led by Donald Hughes, realized the need for a high flux reactor and started down the political, scientific and engineering path that led to the BFBR. The effort was joined by a number of engineers and scientists among them, Chemick, Hastings, Kouts, and Hendrie, who came up with the novel design of the HFBR. The two innovative features that have been incorporated in nearly all other research reactors built since are: (i) an under moderated core arrangement which enables the thermal flux to peak outside the core region where beam tubes can be placed, and (ii) beam tubes that are tangential to the core which decrease the fast neutron background without affecting the thermal beam intensity. Construction began in the fall of 1961 and four years later, at a cost of $12 Million, criticality was achieved on Halloween Night, 1965. Thus began 30 years of scientific accomplishments.
iTopicModel: Information Network-Integrated Topic Modeling

Document networks, i.e., networks associated with text information, are becoming increasingly popular due to the ubiquity of Web documents, blogs, and various kinds of online data. In this paper, we propose a novel topic modeling framework for document networks, which builds a unified generative topic model that is able to consider both text and structure information for documents. A graphical model is proposed to describe the generative model. On the top layer of this graphical model, we define a novel multivariate Markov Random Field for topic distribution random variables for each document, to model the dependency relationships among documents over the network structure. On the bottom layer, we follow the traditional topic model to model the generation of text for each document. A joint distribution function for both the text and structure of the documents is thus provided. A solution to estimate this topic model is given, by maximizing the log-likelihood of the joint probability. Some important practical issues in real applications are also discussed, including how to decide the topic number and how to choose a good network structure. We apply the model on two real datasets, DBLP and Cora, and the experiments show that this model is more effective in comparison with the state-of-the-art topic modeling algorithms.
The development of an information criterion for change-point analysis

Change-point analysis is a flexible and computationally tractable tool for the analysis of times series data from systems that transition between discrete states and whose observables are corrupted by noise. The change point algorithm is used to identify the time indices change points at which the system transitions between these discrete states. We present a unified information-based approach to testing for the existence of change points. This new approach reconciles two previously disparate approaches to change-point analysis frequentist and information based for testing transitions between states. The resulting method is statistically principled, parameter and prior free, and widely applicable to a wide range of change-point problems.
Twenty-four hour retention by neonates of an habituated heart rate response

Newborn heart rate consistently accelerated following an auditory stimulus of moderate intensity. With the long interstimulation interval employed, a brief 2-sec. stimulus elicited a brief acceleration which showed no decrement in 30 repetitions over two days. With a longer 10-sec. stimulus, the acceleration was initally prolonged and this prolonged acceleration diminished after a few repetitions. After a 24-hour interval, the 10-sec. stimulus continued to elicit only a brief acceleration in Ss with prior stimulation experience but elicited a prolonged response in age-controls.
Resolving Interference: The Role of the Human Hippocampus in Pattern Separation

The process of establishing sparse, orthogonalized memory representations, or pattern separation, allows a memory system to overcome interference between similar stimuli. Here, we review the literature on interference theory and the predictions of computational models of medial temporal lobe functioning regarding interference. Tests with rodent models supports the models’ prediction that the medial temporal lobe, and specifically the hippocampus, supports pattern separation processes that allow the organism to overcome interference in event-based memories. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, studies with patients with hippocampal damage, and studies of aging populations all support a role of the hippocampus in overcoming interference through pattern separation in this domain in humans. Finally, we review some promising studies that indicate ways in which pattern separation mechanisms may be improved in humans.
The Partial Dependency of Human Prostatic Growth Factor on Steroid Hormones in Stimulating Thymidine Incorporation into Dna

Abstract Growth factors stimulating DNA synthesis in mouse 3T3, human DU145, and LNCaP were partially purified from human benign hyperplastic and cancerous prostates. These factors have a high affinity for heparin sepharose and are eluted from the heparin-sepharose column, at 1.2 to 1.9 M NaCl. In normal prostates, the high affinity human prostatic growth factor occurred only in extremely small amounts. The high affinity growth factors stimulate DNA synthesis in 3T3, DU145, and LNCaP. Stimulation was significantly enhanced by 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol in the androgen sensitive LNCaP cell line. SDS-PAGE and isoelectrofocusing confirmed that the partially purified factors had a molecular weight of 18 kDa and acidic isoelectric points of pH 3.6 and 4.7.
Microcapsules Produced from Zein

Zein, the prolamine of corn, is an edible, stable biopolymer, well recognized for its ability to form films. It is considered of high potential in the preparation of submicron-scale delivery systems for flavors, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. Core-shell microcapsules are useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries to enhance the stability of core compounds and to control their release kinetics. Zein shells with liquid core microspheres may be formed by liquid–liquid antisolvent precipitation and evaporation-induced self-assembly, a process that involves binary solvents where the faster evaporation of one of the solvents is the driving force for self-assembly. Evaporation-induced self-assembly was used to encapsulate flavor and bioactive compounds of flavors, fruit juices, and botanicals. This chapter presents the formation of core-shell structures formed by zein and liquid cores. The text also includes examples of other zein encapsulation methods.
The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in ischemic stroke

Stroke remains the fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States with an annual rate of over 128,000 deaths per year. Differences in incidence, pathogenesis, and clinical outcome have long been noted when comparing ischemic stroke among different ethnicities. The observation that racial disparities exist in clinical outcomes after stroke has resulted in genetic studies focusing on specific polymorphisms. Some studies have focused on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are a ubiquitous group of proteins with extensive roles that include extracellular matrix remodeling and blood-brain barrier disruption. MMPs play an important role in ischemic stroke pathophysiology and clinical outcome. This review will evaluate the evidence for associations between polymorphisms in MMP-1, 2, 3, 9, and 12 with ischemic stroke incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical outcome. The role of polymorphisms in MMP genes may influence the presentation of ischemic stroke and be influenced by racial and ethnic background. However, contradictory evidence for the role of MMP polymorphisms does exist in the literature, and further studies will be necessary to consolidate our understanding of these multi-faceted proteins.
Communicating Artificial Neural Networks with Physical-Based Flow Model for Complex Coastal Systems

Four applications using an intelligent computational method, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to incorporate with physical-based flow model, namely, to enhance of knowledge base for model calibration, to correct simulation errors, to perform inverse modeling estimation, and to perform surrogate model approach have been studied recently. In this paper, the first application which enhances the knowledge base for physical-based flow model’s calibration is demonstrated. For the most physical-based model, invariably there are problems collecting complete data sets to evaluate and model estuarine or coastal hydrodynamics systems. These data gaps lead to uncertainties associated with the understanding or modeling of these processes. One new approach to reduce this uncertainty and to fill in these data gaps is based on the analysis of all the data characterizing the system using ANNs. To demonstrate this data-driven approach, the computational efforts undertaken for the Houma Navigation Canal (HNC) project, Louisiana, USA, is presented. For this project, the following three major benefits are obtained and presented from many “pieces” of hydro-environmental information. They are: to fill in the data gaps so that complete data sets are available for the largest number of instrumentation locations, to develop a better understanding of the system responses, and to understand the sensitivity of the system variables. This knowledge base is important to understand and assist with the physical-based model development and calibration/verification processes.
Five- and six-coordinated Si in K2Si4O9 glass quenched from 1.9 GPa and 1200 °C

It has often been suggested that a high pressure, Si in silicate melts should change from four to higher coordination. Transition states involving five-coordinated Si have often been observed in molecular dynamics simulations even at low pressure and have been given a key in configurational change and viscous flow. Using 29Si MAS NMR, we have definitively observed small amounts of both five- and six-coordinated Si in a K2Si4O9 glass quenched from a liquid at 1200°C and 1.9 GPa. Such results provide new constraints for models of density, viscosity, and thermodynamics of silicate melts. -Authors
Decay studies of heavy and superheavy nuclei

In this contribution I discuss recent results on the decay of excited states, via electromagnetic transitions (γ-ray and conversion electrons), α decay, and fission, and discuss what these studies reveal in terms of the stability of the heaviest elements.
AMERICAS, NORTH | Rocky Mountains

When most people envision the Rocky Mountains, they probably do not conjure images of thriving prehistoric communities. To many, the mountains seem imposing, even threatening – certainly not a place that early people would have lived by choice. Yet archaeological research shows that in fact, from the earliest periods of North American prehistory, humans occupied the Rockies extensively. A hallmark of all of those occupations, beginning as early as 11 000 years ago, was flexibility. Some groups lived in the mountains year-round, moving from environmental zone to zone as seasons changed and local conditions dictated. Others visited the mountains from adjacent lowlands to the east (the Plains) and west (Great Basin and Colorado Plateau), sometimes on a seasonal basis, sometimes simply to harvest resources available only in the mountains (for example, stone for tool production, the nuts of various species of pine trees, and mountain-loving animals like bighorn). This article overviews the Rocky Mountain region and environment, highlights features that render the Rockies a unique setting for prehistoric occupation, outlines Rocky Mountain chronology and changes in land use strategies through time, and highlights archaeological site types commonly documented in the region.
Axial seamount - restless, wired and occupied: A conceptual overview of resident AUV operations and technologies

The Ocean Observatories Initiative Cabled Array has provided an unprecedented real-time window on the dynamics of Axial Volcano since fall 2014. In April and May of 2015, for the first time, researchers on shore were able to monitor an eruption event as it happened. The seismic, deformation and acoustic signals sent to shore were analyzed to determine the precise locations of diking events, followed hours later by acoustic impulses corresponding to lava expulsion from the seafloor. Although these locations informed follow-up Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) mapping expeditions which produced high resolution bathymetry, to date, the evolution of an eruptive event and its immediate impact on the surrounding ecosystem have not been observed. Although the 70,000 km-long mid ocean ridge (MOR) must generate many hundreds of powerful, transient events every year, they have never been characterized as they form. We envision a Resident AUV with in situ charging and data download capabilities, shore-based mission control, and an array of bottom-mounted acoustic positioning beacons that can concurrently be used as a multi-hop sensor network. This system will provide unprecedented observing capabilities before, during, and after the next eruption and formation of the highly energetic eruptive (mega) plume. AUV capabilities will include high-resolution bathymetry, high definition video and still imagery, and 3-D water chemistry and microbial sampling throughout the water column, while the acoustic array will monitor horizontal and vertical deformation.
Browsing back over a life on the Web

Tim Berners-Lee's name will be familiar to most readers of Physics World as the one-time Oxford physics student who, while working at the CERN particle-physics lab in Geneva, invented the World Wide Web – a feat for which he has received numerous awards, including an OBE in 1997
A flocking algorithm with individual agent destinations and without a centralized leader

Abstract We present a multi-agent control method that addresses the combined problem of flocking and destination seeking. The method is completely decentralized, that is, each agent’s controller relies on local sensing to determine the relative positions and velocities of nearby agents but does not rely on a centralized flock leader. Each agent has double-integrator dynamics and a potentially unique destination (i.e., position) that the agent must reach. We demonstrate that the flocking-and-destination-seeking control method accomplishes 2 objectives: (i) if an agent is far from its destination, then that agent flocks with nearby agents, and (ii) if an agent is close to its destination, then that agent approaches its destination. The flocking-and-destination-seeking algorithm is demonstrated with several numerical examples.
Novel oncogenic function of ATDC in bladder cancer.

4591 Background: Bladder cancer is a common and deadly disease, but the molecular events leading to its initiation and progression are incompletely understood. We recently identified Ataxia-Telangi...
Oral Health and Dental Care in Older Asian Americans in Central Texas

Objectives To examine factors associated with dental health insurance, self-rated oral health, and use of preventive dental care services in older Asian Americans. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting The Asian American Quality of Life Survey was conducted with 2,614 Asian Americans living in central Texas using questionnaires available in English and six Asian languages. Participants Asian American Quality of Life Survey participants aged 60 and older (N = 533; mean age = 69.4 ± 6.9). Measurements Participants were asked whether they had insurance that covered the cost of any dental visit, how they would rate their overall oral health status, and whether they had visited a dental clinic for a routine examination in the past 12 months. Information was also collected on sociodemographic and immigration-related variables. Results More than 61% of the sample had no dental health insurance, 45% reported that their oral health was fair or poor, and 44% had not used preventive dental care services. A series of logistic regression analyses identified factors posing a significant risk to oral health and dental care. For example, those with limited English proficiency were 3.5 times as likely to lack dental health insurance and 3.2 times as likely to rate their oral health as fair or poor. The odds of not using preventive dental care services were 6.4 times as great in those without dental health insurance. Conclusion The overall findings call attention to efforts to promote oral health and dental care in older Asian Americans.
Variable Selection in the Presence of Missing Data: Imputation-based Methods.

Variable selection plays an essential role in regression analysis as it identifies important variables that are associated with outcomes and is known to improve predictive accuracy of resulting models. Variable selection methods have been widely investigated for fully observed data. However, in the presence of missing data, methods for variable selection need to be carefully designed to account for missing data mechanisms and statistical techniques used for handling missing data. Since imputation is arguably the most popular method for handling missing data due to its ease of use, statistical methods for variable selection that are combined with imputation are of particular interest. These methods, valid and used under the assumptions of missing at random and missing completely at random, largely fall into three general strategies. The first strategy applies existing variable selection methods to each imputed dataset and then combines variable selection results across all imputed datasets. The second strategy applies existing variable selection methods to stacked imputed datasets. The third variable selection strategy combines resampling techniques such as bootstrap with imputation. Despite recent advances, this area remains under-developed and offers fertile ground for further research. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Sampling and processing for multiple scattering in inline compressive holography

Inline holography is approached from a computational perspective by incorporating a nonlinear forward model based on the iterative Born approximation (IBA). Sampling and its effects on multiple scattering computations are discussed.
Observers for controllers with matched uncertainty in A, B and C matrices

In this paper, the effects of using observers on robust linear state feedback controllers are studied. The uncertainty, which can enter A, B or C matrices, is assumed to satisfy certain matching conditions. Lyapunov techniques are used to establish sufficient condition for stability for a given uncertainty bound. In particular, sufficient conditions are obtained that, if met, guarantee stabilization regardless of the size of the uncertainty.
Sharpening the Scissors: Mechanistic Details of CRISPR/Cas9 Improve Functional Understanding and Inspire Future Research

Interest in CRISPR/Cas9 remains high level as new applications of the revolutionary gene-editing tool continue to emerge. While key structural and biochemical findings have illuminated major steps in the enzymatic mechanism of Cas9, several important details remain unidentified or poorly characterized that may contribute to known functional limitations. Here we describe the foundation of research that has led to a fundamental understanding of Cas9 and address mechanistic uncertainties that restrict continued development of this gene-editing platform, including specificity for the protospacer adjacent motif, propensity for off-target binding and cleavage, as well as interactions with cellular components during gene editing. Discussion of these topics and considerations should inspire future research to hone this remarkable technology and advance CRISPR/Cas9 to new heights.
Deep Inductive Graph Representation Learning

This paper presents a general inductive graph representation learning framework called $\text{DeepGL}$ DeepGL for learning deep node and edge features that generalize across-networks. In particular, $\text{DeepGL}$ DeepGL begins by deriving a set of base features from the graph (e.g., graphlet features) and automatically learns a multi-layered hierarchical graph representation where each successive layer leverages the output from the previous layer to learn features of a higher-order. Contrary to previous work, $\text{DeepGL}$ DeepGL learns relational functions (each representing a feature) that naturally generalize across-networks and are therefore useful for graph-based transfer learning tasks. Moreover, $\text{DeepGL}$ DeepGL naturally supports attributed graphs, learns interpretable inductive graph representations, and is space-efficient (by learning sparse feature vectors). In addition, $\text{DeepGL}$ DeepGL is expressive, flexible with many interchangeable components, efficient with a time complexity of $\mathcal {O}(|E|)$ O ( | E | ) , and scalable for large networks via an efficient parallel implementation. Compared with recent methods, $\text{DeepGL}$ DeepGL is (1) effective for across-network transfer learning tasks and large (attributed) graphs, (2) space-efficient requiring up to 6x less memory, (3) fast with up to 106x speedup in runtime performance, and (4) accurate with an average improvement in AUC of 20 percent or more on many learning tasks and across a wide variety of networks.
Using electromagnetic navigation for intraoperative rib fracture localization during rib plating: A case report.

Abstract Introduction The precise localization of fractured ribs represents one of the primary challenges of surgical rib fixation. Computed tomography (CT) provides the facture’s general location, but it is difficult to use the imaging alone to properly place a surgical incision. We used electromagnetic navigation to identify the exact location of the fracture on the patient’s skin. Presentation of case A 64-year-old man fell and suffered multiple left-sided nonunion rib fractures (4th to 9th). He was initially treated with a chest tube and analgesia, but he developed chronic pain from the injury. On the CT scan of the chest, the rib fractures were displaced and on exam, the ribs were mobile with reproducible pain and clicks on palpation. We used electromagnetic navigation to determine the fracture’s exact location on the skin during the operation, which aided in the location of the incision. The patient had open reduction and internal fixation of the broken ribs using rib plates. The patient had relief from his chronic pain after the surgery. Discussion The localization of the rib fracture on a patient’s skin can be performed using a physical exam, landmarks from the CT scan, or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) procedure. Each of the techniques sacrifices either time or accuracy during the operation. The electromagnetic navigation can provide precise localization of the fracture without sacrificing too much time during the operation. Conclusion The use of electromagnetic navigation to identify the fracture on a patient’s skin provides quick and accurate intraoperative localization for surgical rib fixation.
Application of Blockchain Protocol to Wealth Management

Blockchain promises to reduce costs in the front, middle- and back-office operations and increase revenues for the service providers. It also increases product choices and results in higher income for the clients, especially new generations who are technology savvy. Wealth managers would benefit as they succeed in the competitive market against those who do not use the technology.
Estimates of additional Maize (Zea mays) yields required to offset costs of tree-windbreaks in Midwestern USA

Field windbreaks can increase crop yield within a protected zone. However, they also take land out of crop production and compete with adjacent crops. Although the beneficial aspects are generally recognized, the question arises whether the windbreak will increase crop revenue enough to offset costs over time. Achieving additional yields to offset windbreak costs might be a sufficient incentive for a producer to plant a windbreak. Additional maize (Zea mays) yields necessary to break even with costs are calculated for four typical Midwestern USA field windbreaks: poplar (Populus spp.), mixed tree/shrubs (Populus spp., Acer saccharinum L./Physocarpus spp., Viburnum spp., Cornus spp.), and two and four-row spruce (Picea spp.) windbreaks. Five lifespans, two management and two cost scenarios, and three protected zone widths to account for changing sheltering effects are evaluated. Greatest additional yields are for a 4-row spruce windbreak with intensive management at high cost and a 10-year lifespan: 15.38 Mg ha–1 yr–1 within 6H, 7.69 Mg ha–1 yr–1 within 12H and 6.15 Mg ha–1 yr–1 within 15H. If a 50-year lifespan is implemented, the additional yields are about 11% of those in 10-year lifespan. Smallest additional yields are for a mixed tree/shrubs windbreak with extensive management at low cost and a 50-year lifespan: 0.56 Mg ha–1 yr–1, 0.28 Mg ha–1 yr–1 and 0.22 Mg ha–1 yr–1, respectively. The mixed windbreak is likely to have actual maize yield increases comparable to the added maize yields required to break even as long as the lifespan is 30 years or longer with a minimum protected zone of 12H.
Situational Awareness Using Edge-Computing Enabled Internet of Things for Smart Grids

Edge computing provides an ideal platform to enable many critical and time-sensitive applications in monitoring and operation of critical cyber-physical systems, such as smart grids. In this paper, we consider one of the key operations for smart gridâ€™s reliability, which is situational awareness and discuss the role that the edge computing can play to enhance this operation by providing distributed state estimation (DSE) locally at the edge nodes. We specifically focus on the network of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) as an example of the industrial internet of things in smart grids and discuss the edge-computing platform architecture to enable data analytics for DSE using the PMU time-series. We discuss that it is important to consider the physics of the smart grid in designing the edge-computing layer. As an example, we present a data-driven method for detecting power line trips using the PMU data and the designed physics-aware edge-computing platform.
Eigenstate thermalization for observables that break Hamiltonian symmetries and its counterpart in interacting integrable systems.

We study the off-diagonal matrix elements of observables that break the translational symmetry of a spin-chain Hamiltonian, and as such connect energy eigenstates from different total quasimomentum sectors. We consider quantum-chaotic and interacting integrable points of the Hamiltonian, and focus on average energies at the center of the spectrum. In the quantum-chaotic model, we find that there is eigenstate thermalization; specifically, the matrix elements are Gaussian distributed with a variance that is a smooth function of $\ensuremath{\omega}={E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ (${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ are the eigenenergies) and scales as $1/D$ ($D$ is the Hilbert space dimension). In the interacting integrable model, we find that the matrix elements exhibit a skewed log-normal-like distribution and have a variance that is also a smooth function of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ that scales as $1/D$. We study in detail the low-frequency behavior of the variance of the matrix elements to unveil the regimes in which it exhibits diffusive or ballistic scaling. We show that in the quantum-chaotic model the behavior of the variance is qualitatively similar for matrix elements that connect eigenstates from the same versus different quasimomentum sectors. We also show that this is not the case in the interacting integrable model for observables whose translationally invariant counterpart does not break integrability if added as a perturbation to the Hamiltonian.
The Direct Effects of Legal Same-Sex Marriage in the United States: Evidence From Massachusetts

I provide evidence on the direct effects of legal same-sex marriage in the United States by studying Massachusetts, the first state to legalize it in 2004 by court order. Using confidential Massachusetts data from 2001–2013, I show that the ruling significantly increased marriage among lesbians, bisexual women, and gay men compared with the associated change for heterosexuals. I find no significant effects on coupling. Marriage take-up effects are larger for lesbians than for bisexual women or gay men and are larger for households with children than for households without children. Consistent with prior work in the United States and Europe, I find no reductions in heterosexual marriage.
Perforation of sigmoid neovagina in a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.

Abstract Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital aplasia of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females. Treatment includes surgical creation of a functional neovagina. Perforation of the neovagina is extremely rare with only handful of cases reported in transgender patients post gender reassignment surgery. We report a first case of sigmoid neovaginal perforation in MRKS patient. The patient presented with progressively worsen abdominal pain and multiple intra-abdominal abscesses due to perforation of sigmoid neovagina. She was treated with surgical drainage and antibiotics and recovered clinically. Although exceedingly rare, we should keep history of sigmoid neovaginoplasty and possible perforation in patients with MRKS presenting with abdominal abscesses.
Tumor Heterogeneity and Consequences for Bladder Cancer Treatment

Acquired therapeutic resistance remains a major challenge in cancer management and associates with poor oncological outcomes in most solid tumor types. A major contributor is tumor heterogeneity (TH) which can be influenced by the stromal; immune and epithelial tumor compartments. We hypothesize that heterogeneity in tumor epithelial subpopulations-whether de novo or newly acquired-closely regulate the clinical course of bladder cancer. Changes in these subpopulations impact the tumor microenvironment including the extent of immune cell infiltration and response to immunotherapeutics. Mechanisms driving epithelial tumor heterogeneity (EpTH) can be broadly categorized as mutational and non-mutational. Mechanisms regulating lineage plasticity; acquired cellular mutations and changes in lineage-defined subpopulations regulate stress responses to clinical therapies. If tumor heterogeneity is a dynamic process; an increased understanding of how EpTH is regulated is critical in order for clinical therapies to be more sustained and durable. In this review and analysis, we assess the importance and regulatory mechanisms governing EpTH in bladder cancer and the impact on treatment response.
Child Abuse and Welfare Use

Physical and sexual abuse are very common among welfare recipients. The relation of abuse to welfare receipt remains largely unknown, however, because most research has been limited to current and former recipients. This paper uses a random sample of poor women to determine how a history of abuse affects the probability of receiving cash and in-kind assistance over a five-year period. It also investigates whether abuse affects the length of welfare receipt and the total amount of aid received. Women experiencing both physical and sexual abuse during childhood were more likely to use both cash and in-kind programs and had longer spells of cash assistance.
CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ACCRETIVE AND MONOTONE OPERATORS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the constructive techniques for accretive and monotone operators. It highlights new and recent convergence results, error estimates, applications, and open problems. The chapter presents a new result for strongly accretive operators. The chapter presents an assumption that E is a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly convex dual and a duality mapping that is weakly sequentially continuous at zero and A ⊂ E × E is an w-accretive operator with a zero. Zeros of certain monotone operators correspond to solutions of certain partial differential equations. Convergent schemes may be used to prove existence. In probabilistic analysis, they may be used to establish existence of random solutions to random equations.
Building Chicago Economics: The Chicago School, Hayek, and Neoliberalism

In recent work Philip Mirowski and Rob Van Horn have made a number of important revisionist claims regarding the history of the 'Chicago School.' The claims involve the role of F.A. Hayek in creating the School, the reasons behind some changes of views of members of the School on policy matters, and the role of the School in spreading the doctrine of 'Neoliberalism.' My paper assesses the cogency of the various Mirowski-Van Horn theses.
A digital pitch and roll monitor

A digital pitch and roll monitor was developed that will provide an easy measurement of angle in two axes simultaneously to an accuracy of approximately 0.005 degree. This system provides advantages over any other commercially available angle-measuring device in that an inexperienced operator can obtain quick reliable measurements. The system utilizes three mutually perpendicular accelerometers, mounted on an inclinometer base, and the intelligent signal conditioning equipment needed to convert the output of these sensors to pitch and roll. The two-axis inclinometer consists of three mutually perpendicular accelerometers mounted on an inclinometer base, three digital multimeters to provide power to the accelerometers and digitize their output, a computer to calculate the angles, and a printer to provide hardcopy output.
Effect of parity on hypertonic saline induction-abortion time as compared to time required for induction of labor at term

Abstract The effect of parity upon the time required for uterine evacuation has been observed in a series of inductions of labor reported in the literature and in a series of 552 saline abortions. Both “induction of labor” and “induction of abortion” times are significantly shorter for primiparas and secundiparas than for nulliparas, but in women whose parity is three or greater, the time lengthens toward that required by the nulliparas.
Contemporary assessment of the prevalence of smell and taste problems in adults

Objectives/Hypothesis Determine the prevalence of smell disturbance and taste disturbance and associated factors in adults. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of nationwide household health survey. Methods Data from the taste and smell disorders component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2012 were examined. The prevalence of self-reported problems with taste and/or smell among adults and the associated symptom frequency, related healthcare provider interactions, and symptoms/etiologies (e.g., persistent cold/flu, dry mouth, or head injury, etc.) were determined. Associations between sex and age with smell and taste disturbances as well as the relationship between smell and taste disturbances were determined. Results Among 142.5 ± 12.6 million adult Americans (raw N = 3,594), there were an estimated 15.1 ± 2.1 million individuals (10.6% ± 1.0%) with self-reported smell disturbance in the prior 12 months. Sex was not associated with the prevalence of self-reported smell disturbance (P = 0.146), but increasing age was associated with an increasing prevalence of smell disturbance (odds ratio [OR] 1.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003–1.312). An estimated 7.5 ± 0.6 million individuals (5.3% ± 0.3%) reporting a problem with taste in the prior 12 months. Sex was not associated with the prevalence of taste disturbance (P = 0.947) but increasing age was (OR 1.202; 1.037–1.395). Among 19.4 ± 2.2 million reporting smell and/or taste abnormality, 20.2% ± 2.3% discussed this with a healthcare provider and 5.8% ± 1.4% felt it interfered with their daily life. Conclusion A significant number of adult Americans report problems with smell disturbance and taste disturbance. Further work to identify patients whose smell or taste disturbance can be helped is warranted. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1102–1106, 2015
Brown adipose tissue: Recent insights into development, metabolic function and therapeutic potential

Obesity is currently a global pandemic, and is associated with increased mortality and co-morbidities including many metabolic diseases. Obesity is characterized by an increase in adipose mass due to increased energy intake, decreased energy expenditure, or both. While white adipose tissue is specialized for energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a high concentration of mitochondria and uniquely expresses uncoupling protein 1, enabling it to be specialized for energy expenditure and thermogenesis. Although brown fat was once considered only necessary in babies, recent morphological and imaging studies have provided evidence that, contrary to prior belief, this tissue is present and active in adult humans. In recent years, the topic of brown adipose tissue has been reinvigorated with many new studies regarding brown adipose tissue differentiation, function and therapeutic promise. This review summarizes the recent advances, discusses the emerging questions and offers perspective on the potential therapeutic applications targeting this tissue.
Eccentric exercise markedly increases c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activity in human skeletal muscle

Eccentric contractions require the lengthening of skeletal muscle during force production and result in acute and prolonged muscle injury. Because a variety of stressors, including physical exercis...
Step drift doping profile for high voltage DI lateral power devices

The cell pitch of high voltage lateral power devices determines many important device performance specifications such as the area of the chip, on-state voltage drop and the maximum controllable current. Since the cell pitch of lateral power devices is determined by the long drift region lengths required to support high voltages in accordance with the RESURF principle, it is desirable to have a uniform lateral electric field distribution in the drift region to minimize the drift region length for a device with a given breakdown voltage. It is generally assumed that the breakdown voltage of DI RESURF devices scales up linearly with increasing drift region length till a limit associated with vertical breakdown is reached. However, 2D numerical simulations of the breakdown of DI PIN diodes indicate non-ideal electric field distribution in the drift region. Two techniques have been studied for achieving a more uniform electric field distribution in the drift region for DI lateral power devices. One technique involves the use of a SIPOS field plate over the drift region to spread the electric field uniformly. The other technique involves tailoring the drift region doping profile, so that the drift region charge increases linearly from the anode end to the cathode end.
Plasmodium lophurae: (U-14C)-glucose catabolism by free Plasmodia and duckling host erythrocytes.

Abstract The catabolism of glucose by the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium lophurae was studied in vitro by employing the radioisotope [U- 14 C]- d -glucose. Quantitatively, infected cells showed more radioisotope in soluble intermediates than did normal duck erythrocytes. Variations in the amount of 14 C in these soluble products depended on the medium in which the cells were suspended; normal and Plasmodium -infected erythrocytes had considerably greater amounts of isotope in soluble intermediates when the cells were suspended in plasma rather than in buffered chick embryo Ringer's solution. P. lophurae had more radioactivity in soluble intermediates than did normal and infected cells in Ringer's solution and normal cells in plasma; however, the amount of 14 C in soluble catabolites in the plasmodium was one third that recovered from infected cells in plasma. Qualitatively, the major end-products of glucose metabolism by erythrocyte-free P. lophurae and Plasmodium -infected cells in plasma were lactate and lesser amounts of succinate. The principal amino acids formed from glucose were glutamic acid, and smaller amounts of alanine and aspartic acid. Significant changes in the quality of incorporation of 14 C into soluble intermediates and CO 2 were found when infected and normal cells were suspended in Ringer's solution rather than in plasma. These results are interpreted to indicate the dominant roles of glycolysis and CO 2 fixation in the metabolism of this malaria parasite.
Comparison of Silent and Symptomatic Ischemia during Exercise Testing in Men

Objective: To compare angina and ST-segment depression during exercise testing, as markers for coronary artery disease. Design: Retrospective analysis of exercise test responses and cardiac cathete...
Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in Latinos in the United States.

Objective—To present national estimates and correlates of lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV eating disorders for Latinos. Method—Data come from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), a national epidemiological household survey of Latinos in the Unied States. Results—Latinos have elevated rates of any binge eating and binge eating disorder but low prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The US born and those living a greater percentage of their lifetime in the US evidenced higher risk for certain eating disorders while severe obesity and low levels of education were significant correlates. Rates of treatment utilization were exceedingly low. Conclusion—Standard eating disorder criteria may not be appropriate for understanding psychological morbidity of eating disorders for Latinos, particularly less acculturated Latinos, due to cultural differences in the presentation of eating disorder symptoms. Criteria for disturbed eating patterns that are more reflective of the illness experience of Latinos should be developed.