cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The nurse as a moral agent in modern health care.

Edi tor 's n o t e : I am pleased to introduce a new column dedicated to ethical issues that confront nurses and nursing. Nursing Outlook is indeed fortunate to have secured Ann Hamric to author this column. She brings a wealth of knowledge, experience, and keen insight into these issues. We are hoping that this column provokes discussion and debate among our readers--certainly this inaugural topic should provoke your thinking about this important issue. We welcome your comments.
Two-pass-internal second-harmonic generation using a prism coupler

A dispersive quartz prism is used to couple the total second harmonic generated in both directions by an internal cavity frequency doubler. The study shows that the dispersion of air and mirror reflection phase shifts can be compensated for by a slight nonphase match condition in the doubler.
p15, A nuclear-associated protein of human sperm: Identification of four variants and their occurrence in normal and abnormal seminal cells

A basic protein of apparent molecular weight 15,000 d (p15) has been identified as a tissue-specific species-unique component of spermatogenic cells of human semen. Cytoimmunochemical study with a monoclonal antibody indicates that p15 resides in a perinuclear space in morphologically normal spermatozoa and differs in distribution and stat in abnormal seminal cell and nonnucleated bodeis. Biochemical analysis indicateds that p15 occurs as four variiants, differentially migratory on acetic acid/urea gel and differnetially extractable by NaCl in reducing solution. By correlation of the cytologic and biochemical data, we propose that variant 1 is the unmodified form of p15; in the normal progression of spermiogenesis p15 is modified to variants 2 and 3 and in the absence of the normal progression is unmodified or aberrantly modified to variant 4. The association of molecular abnormality in p15 with morphologically abnormal sperm suggests that p15 may play a role in sperm-head shaping.
High-brightness fiber-coupled pump sources at 88X nm and 79X nm

Developments in Nd-based lasers pumped on the 4 I 9/2 → 4 F 3/2 transition have led to demands for increased power, brightness, and spectral stability from diode pump sources. We describe the development of fiber coupled diode pump sources that generate >120W of power from a 400μm, 0.22NA fiber at 88Xnm wavelengths. In order to maintain spectral purity at these high powers, we investigated the use of Volume Bragg Gratings to stabilize the wavelength of these multi-bar systems. A detailed study of the trade-offs between facet reflectivity and VBG reflectivity was conducted in order to determine an optimal combination that balances output power and locking range. In complement to the developments in 88Xnm pumping, recent interest in eye-safe fiber lasers have resulted in the development of Tm-doped fiber lasers pumped at 79X wavelengths. We describe the development of fiber coupled products with >80W from a 200μm, 0.22NA fiber, including the use of optimized bar geometries to improve fiber coupling efficiency.
The Nature of the Gift: Accountability and the Professor‐Student Relationship

In this paper I introduce the theory of gift giving as a possible means to reconcile the contradictions inherent in accountability measures of ‘faculty productivity’ in the American university. In this paper I sketch the theory of gift economies to show how, given the historical ideals that characterize the faculty‐student relationship, a theory of gift giving could help us better judge the labor of the faculty. I suggest that it is the relational character of teaching that frustrates accountability measures and that perhaps if viewed as a gift economy—and in particular an economy with ‘reproductive’ ends—we could better grasp the effectiveness of these relationships.
Transforming growth factor-alpha and its receptor are expressed in the epithelium of the rat prostate gland

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) is a growth regulatory polypeptide factor that is expressed by several prostatic tumor cell lines. In this investigation, we examined whether TGF alpha is expressed during morphogenesis of the rat prostate gland. We first examined whether the prostate gland expressed TGF alpha by immunohistochemistry. Using a sheep antiserum directed against the mature sequence of TGF alpha, immunoreactivity was identified in the ventral and lateral, but not the dorsal, lobes of the prostate gland from 9-week-old rats. TGF alpha immunoreactivity was localized to a supranuclear site of the epithelial cells, with no immunoreactivity in the stromal cells or elsewhere in the prostate gland. A mouse monoclonal antibody directed against a TGF alpha epitope near cysteine-16 also identified the polypeptide. Furthermore, we confirmed that TGF alpha was synthesized in the epithelial cells of the ventral prostate gland, using an antiserum raised against the intracellular sequences of the ...
Effects of transverse shear and rotatory inertia on large amplitude vibration of composite plates and shells

A review of research in the area of large amplitude vibration of composite plates and shells is presented in this paper. The main focus of this paper is on the effects of geometric nonlinearity, transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia on the vibration behaviour of single-layered plates and shells. Recent advances made in these areas are reviewed. Some literature on laminated plates and shells made of filamentary composite material is also included. Particular attention is given to the recent developments in the analytical methods of solution. Recent research leading to advances in numerical techniques is also included in the present overview.
New insights into aging phenomena from plasma chemistry

Abstract While gas discharges under atmospheric pressure occur as filamentary discharges, most studies on plasma polymerization, or plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition, were carried out in low-pressure (low-temperature, non-equilibrium) plasma. However, it is reasonable to assume that the fundamentals of plasma polymerization found by low-pressure discharge apply to the gas phase in the filamentary discharge. Plasma polymerization as a potential cause of aging effects is reviewed with respect to (1) polymerization in DC discharge, (2) competitive ablation and polymerization principle, and (3) from the viewpoint of detector wire aging.
The interaction of response complexity and instructional set.

Abstract This study investigated the interaction of experimental instructions and response complexity in an attempt to provide a possible explanation for some of the equivocalness in the programming time literature. Response complexity was manipulated by varying the accuracy required of subjects striking circular targets in a simple reaction time paradigm. Subjects were tested on two days, one week apart, during which experimental instructions emphasized either leaving the start position as soon as possible (initiation emphasis) or completing the response with a rapid but smooth movement (form emphasis). Subjects had shorter reaction times but longer movement times when they performed under initiation-emphasis instructions rather than under form-emphasis instructions. Furthermore, in contrast to form-emphasis conditions, there was no effect of response complexity on reaction time in conditions of initiation emphasis. It appears that subtle changes in experimental instructions can lead to very different pa...
Acceleration of a Schwarz waveform relaxation method for parabolic problems

In this paper we generalise the Aitken-like acceleration method of the additive Schwarz algorithm for elliptic problems to the additive Schwarz waveform relaxation (ASWR) for parabolic problems. The domain decomposition is in space and time. We show that our technique: 1) is a direct solver that requires at most four solves per subdomain in the case of a one space dimension linear parabolic problem with time independent coefficients; 2) can be applied easily to multidimensional problems, provided that the operator is separable in space; 3) is an efficient iterative procedure for parabolic problems that are weak non-linear perturbations of linear operators with time independent coefficients; 4) provides a rigorous framework to optimise the parallel implementation on a slow network of computers.
A Commitment to Social Justice in a Capitalist Democracy: Are We Being Critical Citizens or Just Moving Along Clichés?

Compassion may itself be a substitute for justice … [but] compassion always already signifies inequality. The compassionate intend no justice, for justice might disrupt current power relationships....
Computer Modeling and Simulation Framework for Particulate Spray Based Manufacturing Processes

Particulate media are ubiquitous in modern manufacturing processes. These include spray-forming, abrasive finishing, and sintering based processes amongst others. All of these processes involve a flowing stream of discrete, particulate media. For these processes, the aggregate behavior originating from the individual particle or grain dynamics is of critical importance from a process engineering perspective. The discrete nature of the media poses unique challenges in formulating direct continuum theories. This motivates investigating appropriate discrete computational techniques. In this paper, we present a computer simulation framework based on collision driven particle dynamics to investigate the engineering of such manufacturing processes. This is part of an ongoing work on developing a general-purpose computer simulation tool to analyze the dynamics of particulate and granular media in engineering applications. This paper presents the overall framework and the underlying physical models. In particular, our focus is on modeling individual particle-based phenomena (including collisions, heat-exchange, and energy loss) and deriving the aggregate response of the media from individual particle dynamics. The technique is demonstrated using a numerical example for a spray coating deposition process. This example tracks the particulate behavior from the nozzle opening downstream until impact with substrate. Such investigations are useful to understand the effect of process parameters on the engineered output — which in this case entails the properties of the surface coating. The simulation is found to be reasonable in performance time.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Multimerization of Hsp42p, a novel heat shock protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is dependent on a conserved carboxyl-terminal sequence.

Rap1p is a transcriptional regulator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which plays roles in both transcriptional activation and silencing. To identify proteins involved in Rap1p-dependent regulation of transcription, we used the two-hybrid system to screen for Rap1p-interacting proteins. Two of the clones isolated from this screen encode a truncated protein with homology to small heat shock proteins (HSPs). Here we present an analysis of this novel S. cerevisiae HSP, which we name Hsp42p. Expression of HSP42 is regulated by a range of stress conditions similar to S. cerevisiae HSP26, with which Hsp42p shares most homology. However, HSP42 expression is more sensitive to increased salt concentration and to starvation and, in contrast to HSP26 is expressed in unstressed cells. Hsp42p interacts with itself in the two-hybrid assay. This interaction is dependent on a hydrophobic region which is conserved among small HSPs. Using bacterially expressed Hsp42p fusion proteins, we demonstrate that this is a direct interaction. Fractionation of yeast protein extracts by size demonstrates that all of the Hsp42p in these extracts is present in complexes with a molecular mass of greater than 200 kDa, suggesting that Hsp42p exists in high molecular mass complexes.
The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network: forging a partnership between research knowledge and community practice.

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has faced many challenges over its first eleven years. This review explores some of these challenges and the paths the CTN took to meet these challenges, including: designing clinical trials that reflect the CTN’s mission and changing public health needs, finding the synergies in the varied expertise of clinical treatment providers and academic researchers, promoting evidence-based practices and expanding the Network into mainstream medical practices to reach a broader patient population. Included in this exploration are specific examples from CTN clinical trials.
Elevation of serum acid phosphatase in cancers with bone metastasis

In patients with nonprostatic cancer serum acid phosphatase activity is usually elevated when bone metastasis is present but not when bone metastasis is absent. The fraction responsible for serum enzyme elevation is a normal component of serum; it appears in gel electrophoresis as band 5; and is tartrate-resistant. It is suggested that the origin of acid phosphatase elevation is bone osteoclasts rather than cancer tissue, as is the case with prostatic carcinoma. Determination of serum acid phosphatase activity may be useful in the detection of bone metastasis.
Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in liver transplant and other immunosuppressed patients.

We report the early results of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in a small group of immunosuppressed patients and compare these results with a cohort of patients with open repair. We describe a modification used to secure the cephalad portion of the Gore-Tex® mesh in high epigastric incisional hernias often encountered after liver transplantation. Data were gathered retrospectively for all incisional hernia repairs by our group from March 1996 to January 2001. Twelve of 13 attempted patients had successful completion of their laparoscopic hernia repairs with no reported recurrences to date. Two of these procedures were performed for recurrent hernias. We completed nine of nine attempted laparoscopic hernia repairs in liver transplant patients with epigastric incisional hernias. We repaired two of three attempted lower midline incisional hernias in renal disease patients. One of these patients was soon able to reuse his peritoneal dialysis catheter. A total of 15 patients, 12 with liver transplants, underwent open repair of their incisional hernias. These patients had seven recurrences and/or serious mesh infections with five patients electing repeated operations. In our initial series, laparoscopic mesh repair of incisional hernias is practical and safe in the abdominal organ transplant population with a low incidence of early recurrence and serious infections.
Role of trust in e‐business success

Success of an e‐business rests on many factors. One of the important contributors is trust. Trust is something that an e‐business must strive to achieve over a period of time. Acquiring customer trust depends on many things that an e‐business controls. However, customer's trust as such is not under the control of the e‐business. Some contributing factors for gaining customer trust are: appeal of the Web site, product or service offerings, branding, quality of service and trusted seals. Trust can be viewed from many angles such as transaction, information content, product, technology and institution. This paper analyses the role of trust from the transaction perspective and highlights the things that an e‐business could do for building customer trust.
Results of R&D for the proposed intermediate fiber tracker for CDF

A fine granularity scintillating fiber tracking system was proposed for the inetermediate radial range of CDF between silicon vertex detector and central drift chamber. Detailed study of the expected performance especially under high radiation dose showed that the system is highly efficient for the intergrated luminosity of 2 fb −1 to be accumulated in Run II, the run after the Main Injector is completed. Rate capability study was conducted on SSPM and it was found that the high efficiency is well maintained up to several MHz that is expected in Run II.
ESR analysis of the FAD in bovine liver monoamine oxidase

Abstract Two hydrazine spin labels, 1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-carbonyl ethyl hydrazine and 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-4-hydrazine, were synthesized as probes of the FAD binding site of monoamine oxidase. The reporter nitroxide moiety showed an ESR spectrum classified as partially immobilized which is indicative of FAD near the surface of the enzyme. Attempts to pick up flavin semiquinone or free radical intermediates during substrate oxidation with the spin traps 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxidase and phenyl-t-butylnitrone were not successful.
ASIC Design of Shared Vector Accelerators for Multicore Processors

Vector coprocessor (VP) resources are often underutilized due to the lack of sustained DLP (data-level parallelism) or the presence of vector-length variations in application code. Our work is motivated by: a) the omnipresence of vector operations in high-performance scientific and embedded applications, b) the need for performance and energy efficiency, and c) applications that must often handle various vector sizes. Our design for VP sharing in multicores enhances performance while maintaining low area and energy costs. Our 40nm ASIC design yields 16.66 GFLOPs/Watt. Also, a detailed clock and power gating analysis further proves the viability of our approach.
A role for epithelial γδ T cells in tissue repair

A balance between epithelial growth and repair versus inflammation to isolate and contain damage is critical for maintenance of the epithelial microenvironment. Epithelial γδ T cells appear to play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the epithelial tissues they survey. Insult to the epithelium likely leads to the up-regulation of self-associated stress molecules that are recognized by intraepithelial γδ T cells. The limited, and in some cases canonical, repertoire of the epithelial γδ TCRs is certainly consistent with this recognition of damaged self, rather than recognition of the vast array of possible non-self antigens that could invade these epithelial barriers. Furthermore, the cellular context of the various γδ T cell subsets and the types of antigens they engage together may contribute to the distinct requirements of γδ T cells for PTKs in their selection, homing and presumably also in their response to epithelial cell damage.
Delaying judgments of learning affects memory, not metamemory

Judgments of learning (JOLs) for cue-target word pairs correlate particularly well with later target recall when made under conditions that permit delayed attempts to retrieve the targets—thedelayed-JOL effect. Metamemory theories claim that memory monitoring improves under these conditions. However, another theory—the memory hypothesis—claims that the correlation increases because retrieved items receive a boost in recall from spaced study and are assigned high JOLs, whereas unretrieved items receive no spaced study and, therefore, no boost in recall and, consequently, are assigned low JOLs. When we eliminated differences in spaced study by reexposing word pairs following their JOLs, the delayed-JOL effect disappeared, supporting the memory hypothesis.
Synthesis of [3″‐3H]taxol and [13‐3H]taxol1

7-Trietylsilylbaccatin III (11) was coupled with cis-1-benzoyl-3-triethylsiloxy-4-(3′-bromophenyl)azetidin-2-one. Hydrolysis of the silyl groups gave 3″-bromotaxol which was reduced with tritium gas to give[3″-3H]taxol with specific activity of 19.3 Ci mmol. Reduction of 7-triethylsilyl-13-oxobaccatin III with [3H]borane-tetrahydrofuran complex gave 7-triethylsilyl[13-3H]baccatin III (17). Coupling of 17 with cis-3-triethylsiloxy-4-phenyl-(3R,4S)-azetidin-2-one and hydrolysis gave [13-3H]taxol with specific activity of 1.66 Ci/mmol.
Effects of some organophosphate and carbamate insecticides on nitrification and legume growth

Nine insecticides (six organophosphates and three carbamates) were tested for their effects on soil nitrification, growth of legume seedlings, and growth of four species of rhizobia bacteria. No inhibition of nitrification was found at normal field rates (5 ppm) of application. Some instances of inhibition were observed at 50 ppm and at 500 ppm. Similarly, 5 ppm applications did not inhibit growth of alfalfa or sweetclover seedlings ... with one exception. Disc inhibition tests of the rhizobia bacteria showed thatRhizobium leguminosarum andRhizobium trifolii were most sensitive to the pesticides.Rhizobium meliloti, and particularlyRhizobium japonicum, were resistant to the insecticides. No consistent correlation was observed between tests on the nodulating bacteria and the tests on legume growth.
Serum testosterone analysis by competitive protein binding: chromatography on silica-impregnated fiberglass and protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate.

Abstract A routine competitive protein-binding procedure for testosterone in serum using fiberglass impregnated with silica gel to separate testosterone from competing steroids and precipitation of protein-bound testosterone with ammonium sulfate is described. The sensitivity is 6 ng/100 ml serum, that value distinguishable from a water blank when a maximal 2 ml of serum was assayed. The degree of accuracy is indicated by the following: 0.98 ± 0.03 ng testosterone (mean ± SD, N = 5) was recovered by assay after addition of 1.0 ng to 2 ml serum; assay values in serum with testosterone added were linear relative to the amount of added hormone; testosterone mass determined in serum from adult males was directly proportional to the serum volume assayed. Reproducibility, or the mean difference ± SD between 23 duplicate determinations at various testosterone concentrations, was −2.2 ± 8.2 ng 100 ml serum. Testosterone, ng/100 ml pooled sera, from six adult males was 737 ± 45 (mean ± SD) and from six adult females was 44 ± 2.6. Nine assays each of a male and a female serum performed over 6 months were 629 ± 52 ng 100 ml (mean ± SD) and 45 ± 5.7, respectively, with coefficients of variation of only 8 and 13%, respectively. No significant difference in the mean testosterone concentration, /100 ml ± SD, when analyzed by double isotope dilution and competitive protein binding, respectively, was observed in 10 males, 814 ± 344 and 800 ± 361, and in 12 females, 39 ± 29 and 37 ± 15.
Fatigue behavior of a cross-ply titanium matrix composite under tension-tension and tension-compression cycling

Abstract The fatigue behavior of a titanium-based metal-matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide fibers, SCS-6/Ti-15-3, with the cross-ply lay-up of [ 0 90 ]2S, was investigated at room temperature for two conditions; tension-tension and tension-compression. On the maximum applied stress basis, the tension-tension condition had longer fatigue lives than the tension-compression condition. On the stress-range basis, however, the tension-tension condition had shorter fatigue lives than the tension-compression condition. For both conditions, three distinct regimes of fatigue behavior were present. These were fiber-dominated, matrix-dominated, and mixed fiber/matrix-dominated regions. In these regimes, fatigue damage mechanisms and the stress-strain response during cycling were, in general, similar for both fatigue conditions. However, additional damage mechanisms and plasticity sites were present in tension-compression cycling which resulted in different fatigue lives in comparison with tension-tension cycling.
Collisional problems in the μCF cycle before muonic molecule formation

Important processes in the muon-catalyzed fusion cycle preceding muonic molecule formation are discussed. These include muonic atom formation as well as the subsequent elastic, isotopic-exchange, and hyperfine-state quenching collisions of the muonic atoms. Modern methods for atomic capture of the negative muon are reviewed. Elastic and inelastic cross sections obtained in the improved adiabatic representation are given, and rates at liquidhydrogen density are tabulated for easy reference and comparison.
Combinatorial principles in the core model for one Woodin cardinal

Abstract We study the fine structure of the core model for one Woodin cardinal, building of the work of Mitchell and Steel on inner models of the form L[ E → ] . We generalize to L[ E → ] some combinatorial principles that were shown by Jensen to hold in L. We show that L[ E → ] satisfies the statement: “□κ holds whenever κ ⩽ the least measurable cardinal λ of ◁ order λ++”. We introduce a hierarchy of combinatorial principles □κ, λ for 1 ⩽ λ ⩽ κ such that □ κ □ κ, 1 ⇒ □ κ, λ ⇒ □ κ, κ □ κ ∗ . We prove that if ( κ + ) v = (κ + ) L[ E → ] , then □κ,c∝(κ) holds in V. As an application, we show that ZFC + PFA ⇒ Con(ZFC + “there is a Woodin cardinal”) . We also obtain one Woodin cardinal as a lower bound on the consistency strength of stationary reflection at κ+ for a singular, countably closed limit cardinal κ such that (Vκ+)# exists; likewise for the failure of □ κ ∗ at such a κ.
Why pharmacotherapy is overused among persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a relatively common disorder with lifelong and lasting impairments. As a result, professionals are developing and using a host of intervention strategies. In addition to applied behavior analysis, pharmacotherapy has played a critical role in the advancements of treatment. The use of pharmacological interventions has played a central and important role in recent treatment innovations. Despite the many positive aspects of these drugs, they have often been overused. The present paper reviews many of the reasons for this phenomenon.
STORAGE STABILITY OF PEANUT-BASED FOODS: A REVIEW

Factors affecting flour stability are the milling process, the degree of refinement, the storage conditions of moisture and temperature but especially moisture, treatments such as bleaching, and additives such as reactive iron compounds included for the purpose of enrichment. Raw cereal products are susceptible to lipase activity and fat acidity increases, especially as moisture climbs above 12%. In many cases, loss in baking quality correlates with the development of fat acidity and thus fat acidity has often been used as a wheat and flour quality criterion. Raw cereal products tend to show resistance to oxidative rancidity, perhaps through natural antioxidants and morphological compartment-alization of components. When cooked and dried under mild conditions, susceptibility to oxidative rancidity increases sharply. Dry toasting appears to develop new antioxidants and stability increases. Most cereal products respond positively, but to significantly different degrees, to the antioxidants BHA and BHT and thus shelf lives are extended. Wheat protein concentrate obtained from millfeeds is a very unstable product requiring control of enzymes either by low product moisture and storage temperature or by inactivation of the enzymes and use of antioxidants. Stability of soy-fortified bread flour blends were affected not only by moisture and temperature of storage but also by the type of soy flour and dough conditioner used. With the dough conditioner sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, soy-fortified flour blend at 13% moisture lost substantial bread loaf volume potential on storage. Although other dough conditioners were able to largely prevent such substantial losses in loaf volume potential under the same conditions, moisture levels below 13% and preferably below 12% are necessary to avoid development of off odors and off flavors and loss of certain nutrients, particularly vitamin A and thiamine.
Meta-Analysis: A Systematic Method for Synthesizing Counseling Research.

The authors provide a template for counseling researchers who are interested in quantitatively aggregating research findings. Meta-analytic studies can provide relevant information to the counseling field by systematically synthesizing studies performed by researchers from diverse fields. Methodologically sound meta-analyses require careful planning, diligent literature searches, detailed coding of study information, and knowledge of meta-analytic approaches to statistical analyses. The authors provide steps to guide counseling researchers in conducting meta-analytic reviews.
COMPARISONS OF THE KERNEL EQUATING METHOD WITH THE TRADITIONAL EQUATING METHODS ON PRAXIS™ DATA

Kernel equating (KE) is a new approach to observed-score equating and is described in detail in von Davier, Holland, and Thayer (2004b). Over the past months, several evaluation studies of KE have been designed and carried out. In this part of the overall evaluation study, we compared the KE method with other equating methods using real data from the program of Praxis Series: Professional Assessments for Beginning Teachers®. The goal of this study was to check how closely the KE results agree with the results from other observed-score equating methods in different operational settings. The equating designs involved include an equivalent-groups (EG) design and two nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) designs with different sample sizes and different characteristics. We compared KE with the equating methods that were used operationally. The results showed that the differences between KE and the traditional equating methods are very small in the EG design, especially in the linear case. In the two NEAT designs, the KE version of poststratification equating with optimal bandwidths produced close results to its analogue, frequency estimation equipercentile equating, except at the lower score range. The KE linear method yielded very similar results to the Tucker method.
Near-threshold energy dependence of Xe-induced displacements on Ge(001)☆

Abstract Surface displacements due to low-energy (100–300 eV) Xe ion bombardment of the Ge(001) 2 × 1 reconstructed surface are investigated by in-situ RHEED measurements of surface roughening. The near-exponential decay in RHEED intensity due to displacements of Ge atoms at the surface is shown to depend sensitively on the Xe energy and flux. Iso-damage rate curves at 100°C are used to establish a fixed amount of defect annealing and to determine the number of surface displacements per Xe as a function of Xe energy. The calculated number of near-surface displacements per Xe exhibits a similar energy dependence. Comparison of experiment and calculation indicates an efficiency for the production of stable surface defects of about 50% at a temperature of 100°C and a damage rate of 2 × 10 12 displacements/cm 2 s. Results indicate this new approach will allow the threshold energies for surface atom displacements to be measured.
Communication Strategies for Intensifying Dating Relationships: Identification, Use and Structure

Fifteen strategies were inductively derived from written accounts of subjects' attempts to intensify dating relationships. Both gender and the question of whether one's self or one's partner was first to want an intensified relationship significantly affected reported strategy use. In addition, the results suggested that intensification may be a multiple-act process in most relationships and that the strategies of `increase contact' and `increase rewards' may be important in the construction of strategy sequences. Multivariate analysis revealed that Intimate versus Nonintimate, and Dominant versus Submissive were underlying dimensions of the typology, and that the strategies grouped together into four clusters called Social Rewards and Attraction, Implicitly Expressed Intimacy, Passive and Indirect, and Verbal Directness and Intimacy.
Stability of Tseokar type cracking catalyst

This article reports on an investigation of the catalytic stability of the bead catalysts Tseokar-2 and Tseokar-4 in a catalytic cracking unit at the V.I. Lenin Groznyi Petroleum Refinery operating on a heavy distillate feed from medium-wax, low-sulfur crudes. The physical structure and the catalytic properties of the Tseokar-4 and the Tseokar-2 were determined according to the standard OST 38 01176-79. The results indicate that the yields of cracking products, the composition of the wet gas, and the properties of the liquid products (naphtha and light and heavy gasoils) were constant during over two years of testing the catalysts. It is concluded that the investigation of the Tseokar-2 and Tseokar-4 catalysts under commercial conditions without renewal over a period of 9-18 months in cracking a heavy low-sulfur feed demonstrates the high stability of the physical and catalytic properties and also the high oxidative stability of the Tseokar-4 in comparison with the Tseokar-2.
Surface water quality as affected by sugarcane residue management techniques.

This study evaluated the impacts of three sugarcane residue management techniques, namely postharvest burning of residue (BR), shredding of residue (SR), and full postharvest retention of residue (RR), on the water quality of surface runoff from February 2006 to September 2007 in Iberia, LA. Total runoff volumes recorded were 58,418, 57,923, and 46,578 L for the BR, SR, and RR treatments, respectively. Except for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), which was higher for BR than RR or SR, there were no significant differences in total loads of total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand at 5 days (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate-N, nitrite-N, and sulfate among the three residue management techniques, although the RR treatment generally exported the lowest total loads. Regression analyses on the pollutant load and rainfall event showed that the load exported for each water quality parameter was positively correlated with precipitation, with the BR treatment being more sensitive to rainfall amount than the RR and SR treatments in TSS, TKN, TP, BOD, nitrate, and sulfate exports. Runoff TSS and turbidity were also highly correlated (R 2 = 0.95, P < 0.001). The results suggested that the two sugarcane residue retention practices (RR and SR) had limited benefit on improving surface runoff water quality over the BR practice in subtropical region such as Louisiana.
Combined Periacetabular and Femoral Osteotomies for Severe Hip Deformities

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an effective acetabular reorientation technique for treatment of symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. In hips with severe deformities, an adjunctive femoral osteotomy (PFO) may optimize correction, joint stability, and congruency. We analyzed the clinical and radiographic results of combined PAO/PFO in treating severe hip deformities. Second, we compared the clinical results of patients treated with PAO/PFO with patients treated with isolated PAO for lesser deformities. Twenty-five patients (28 hips) treated with PAO/PFO were reviewed and followed a minimum of 16 months (mean, 44 months). The matched PAO cohort included 25 patients (28 hips). For the PAO/PFO group, the average Harris hip score improved from 60.9 to 86.3. Eighty-nine percent of the patients demonstrated at least a 10-point improvement in the hip score and 75% had a Harris hip score over 80 points. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated consistent deformity correction. The PAO/PFO group had a lower average Harris hip score preoperatively, yet hip function after surgery was comparable between groups. These data indicate combined PAO/PFO is associated with improved hip function in most patients. These clinical results are comparable to those obtained with isolated PAO for lesser hip deformities.
Understanding Wavelength Dependence of Tryptophan Fluorescence Decays

Understanding the ubiquitous non-exponential decay exhibited by tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence in proteins is becoming crucial for interpretation of ultrafast decay experiments, especially when the cause of time dependent Stokes shifts may be interpreted equally well by water/protein relaxation or by excited state decay of short-lived blue shifted subpopulations as a result of a heterogeneous microenvironment. Here we report hybrid quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical (QM-MM) simulations of fluorescence wavelengths and lifetimes for a set of 7 cyclic hexapeptides with rigid peptide backbone, a single Trp residue, and 5 other amino acids that do not quench Trp fluorescence in aqueous solution. These were designed specifically to examine possible fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity arising only from different rates of quenching by electron transfer (ET) from the excited indole ring to a nearby backbone amide by different Trp sidechain rotamers-- in the absence of nanosecond solvent relaxation. The results capture most of the unexpected diversity in observed spectroscopic properties of the 7 peptides, including the almost universal pronounced correlation of blue shifted decay associated spectra to have the shortest lifetimes. Heretofore no attractive physical mechanism has been advanced to explain why rotamers with blue shifted spectra should almost always have the shortest lifetime component. The familiar broad fluorescence spectrum of a solvent-exposed Trp with emission peak near 350 nm is found to be an ensemble average of single molecular fluorescence peaks fluctuating on a femtosecond time scale over 3000-4000 wavenumbers (fwhw) or 40 nm. This leads naturally to a picture in which those rotamers having shorter wavelength emission spectra (higher average energy) tend to have short lifetimes due to their increased probability for transient fast quenching during the large fluctuations in environment that bring the CT and 1La states into resonance. This mechanism should be operative in proteins.
Factors affecting initial enrollment intensity: part-time versus full-time enrollment

Abstract We develop a model derived from human capital theory that explicitly recognizes the role of opportunity costs, particularly employment opportunities, in determining full-time/part-time enrollment patterns for college students. Using national data from the 1990/1994 Beginning Post-secondary Survey, we test this model by comparing those initially enrolled part-time with those initially enrolled full-time. Empirical results are consistent with the conceptual model, indicating that, contingent upon the decision to attend college, individuals who are older or live in states with lower unemployment rates are significantly more likely to enroll part-time.
Effects of elevated water temperature on fish and macroinvertebrate communities below small dams

Many studies have investigated the ecological changes that occur below dams that release cold, hypolimnetic water, but very few studies have looked at the effects of the release of warm, surface waters. The effect of small, surface release dams on downstream thermal regimes is a major habitat concern for many cold-water systems, however. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of summer temperature increases due to impoundment on downstream fish and macroinvertebrate communities in cold-water streams. We sampled fish, macroinvertebrates and habitat upstream and downstream of dams on ten rivers during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Changes in mean summer temperature downstream varied from a cooling of 1 °C to an increase of more than 5 °C. Increasing temperatures downstream coincided with lower densities of several cold-water fish species, specifically brown trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) while overall fish species richness increased downstream. Density of mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), another cold-water species, was not related to temperature changes below the dams. Macroinvertebrates showed shifts in community composition below dams that increased temperature. This study provides information useful for determining the extent of impact of these small, surface release dams, which are abundant across the country. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of season and sex on in vitro aromatase and 17β-oxidoreductase activities in the brain and anterior pituitary gland of gonadectomized sheep

To improve understanding of seasonal control of reproduction, we studied effects of season and sex on in vitro conversion of androstenedione to estrone and testosterone within the brain and anterior pituitary gland of recently gonadectomized sheep. For both sexes, aromatase activity was relatively high in the amygdala and hypothalamus plus preoptic area (HPOA), but aromatase was not detected in the parietal cortex or the anterior pituitary gland. Aromatase activity of the amygdala was not affected by sex or season. For castrated rams, aromatase activity in the HPOA in May was .05). All tissues contained 17β-oxidoreductase. For the amygdala and HPOA, conversion of androstenedione to testosterone was greater (P<.05) in the male than the female, regardless of season. In rams, 17β-oxidoreductase activity was lower in the HPOA and higher in the anterior pituitary gland in May than in December. In the anterior pituitary of ewes, however, 17β-oxidoreductase activity was higher in December. Thus, conversion of androstenedione to testosterone and estrogens within the brain and anterior pituitary gland could help to control the secretion of luteinizing hormone. We postulate that in rams a seasonal reduction of aromatase activity in the HPOA and increase in 17β-oxidoreductase in the anterior pituitary gland during May may be involved with onset of the seasonal increase in LH secretion.
Myocardial performance index in pediatric patients after cardiac transplantation

Abstract Background Myocardial performance index (MPI) has been shown to be a reliable indicator of ventricular performance. This study determined MPI values in pediatric patients after cardiac transplantation without endomyocardial rejection. Methods MPI was determined in 41 pediatric patients after cardiac transplantation, without evidence of microscopic rejection, and in 31 pediatric control subjects. Results MPI in the transplantation group (0.41 ± 0.12) was higher than in the control group (0.31 ± 0.09; P = .0003). Isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic relaxation time/ejection time were higher in the transplant group (55 ± 20 milliseconds and 0.22 ± 0.07, respectively) compared with the control group (41 ± 10 milliseconds and 0.16 ± 0.06, respectively; P = .0002). Isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic contraction time/ejection time were similar in the transplant group (48 ± 23 milliseconds and 0.19 ± 0.09, respectively) and control group (43 ± 21 milliseconds and 0.16 ± 0.08, respectively; P = not significant). Conclusions Pediatric patients after cardiac transplantation without endomyocardial rejection have a higher MPI compared with a normative pediatric control population. The difference appears to be related to abnormal diastolic function.
Hard X-ray solar flare polarimetry with RHESSI

Abstract Although designed primarily as a hard X-ray imager and spectrometer, the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) is also capable of measuring the polarization of hard X-rays (20–100 keV) from solar flares. This capability arises from the inclusion of a small unobstructed Be scattering element that is strategically located within the cryostat that houses the array of nine germanium detectors. The Ge detectors are segmented, with both a front and rear active volume. Low energy photons (below about 100 keV) can reach a rear segment of a Ge detector only indirectly, by scattering. Low energy photons from the Sun have a direct path to the Be and have a high probability of Compton scattering into a rear segment of a Ge detector. The azimuthal distribution of these scattered photons carries with it a signature of the linear polarization of the incident flux. Sensitivity estimates, based on simulations and in-flight background measurements, indicate that a 20–100 keV polarization sensitivity of less than a few percent can be achieved for X-class flares. The initial results from an analysis of data from the solar flare of 23 July 2002 indicate some modulation of the Be-scattered flux, but whether the modulation arises from polarization effects or whether it represents some instrumental effect is as yet unclear.
Hapten-specific, carrier dependent cells in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens.

Abstract We have investigated whether a primitive vertebrate possesses subsets of antigen reactive cells specific for the same hapten but activated by different carriers. Our data from co-immuniza tion protocols suggest that the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens may possess the same kind of heterogeneity recently described for mammals. The hapten, trinitrophenyl (TNP) was tested as conjugates of horse erythrocytes (HRBC), Ficoll or LPS. All TNPspecific responses were monitored in pooled spleens by immunocytoadherence. TNP-Ficoll and TNP-HRBC appear to activate separate reactive populations, since their co-immunization response is additive when compared to optimal responses with each immunogen alone. On the other hand, TNP-HRBC and TNP-LPS produce co-immunization responses no greater than one of the immunogens alone. The response to co-immunization with TNP-Ficoll and TNP-LPS shows a degree of overlapping indicating that some, but not all, of the reactive populations can respond to both. This heterogeneity, related to protection from bacterial pathogens, may be fundamental to vertebrate immunity.
Prediction of Far Field Sound Radiation from Transformers

A method has been presented for predicting from surface vibration data the sound radiated by a power transformer. The technique, which is well-suited to numerical computations, is based on modeling the transformer tank as a concatenation of rigid right-angled wedges. The vibration data may be the results of measurements or of auxiliary calculations. The variation of the radiation pattern with respect to distance and angle can be investigated with an accuracy that is limited primarily by the spacing of surface measurement points. The method has been verified in a field test using controlled excitation and in a check against previously obtained analytical and experimental results. The calculation of sound radiation patterns from surface acceleration measurements made on a production line transformer operating under simulated load conditions indicate the usefulness of this technique in predicting the noise performance characteristics of power transformers.
A corner reflector InGaAs-GaAs strained layer single quantum well coupled laser array

An InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs strained layer single quantum laser array with a reactive ion etched corner reflector array as its rear facet has been fabricated. The corner reflectors play a two-fold role as a highly reflective rear mirror and as a phase-locking coupler. Phase locked operation with beam widths as low as 0.64/spl deg/ are obtained at pumping currents up to 4/spl times/I/sub th/ and output powers up to 60 mW. The coupling mechanism and the benefit of the corner reflector to output performance are discussed. >
Do plasma melatonin concentrations decline with age

PURPOSE: Numerous reports that secretion of the putative sleep-promoting hormone melatonin declines with age have led to suggestions that melatonin replacement therapy be used to treat sleep problems in older patients. We sought to reassess whether the endogenous circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin concentration changes with age in healthy drug-free adults. METHODS: We analyzed the amplitude of plasma melatonin profiles during a constant routine in 34 healthy drug-free older subjects (20 women and 14 men, aged 65 to 81 years) and compared them with 98 healthy drug-free young men (aged 18 to 30 years). RESULTS: We could detect no significant difference between a healthy and drug-free group of older men and women as compared to one of young men in the endogenous circadian amplitude of the plasma melatonin rhythm, as described by mean 24-hour average melatonin concentration (70 pmol/liter vs 73 pmol/liter, P = 0.97), or the duration (9.3 hours vs 9.1 hours, P = 0.43), mean (162 pmol/liter vs 161 pmol/liter, P = 0.63), or integrated area (85,800 pmol x min/liter vs 86,700 pmol x min/liter, P = 0.66) of the nocturnal peak of plasma melatonin. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that reduction of plasma melatonin concentration is a general characteristic of healthy aging. Should melatonin replacement therapy or melatonin supplementation prove to be clinically useful, we recommend that an assessment of endogenous melatonin be carried out before such treatment is used in older patients.