cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Twelve steps to recovery: my co-dependent relationship with tivoli

Several years ago Baylor University moved from a passively managed data backup model to an actively managed strategy. As much as we would like the responsibility for data backup to reside with the owner of the data, we realize that in most cases this does not hold true. Our clients' expectation is that the Information Technology Systems (ITS) department is backing up their data. In the past, data backup was not likely to be something our client gave any thought to. We often did and still do see faculty members working on research, publications or databases requiring hundreds of hours of work. Users will often keep the only copy of the file on the desktop of their PC. As portable storage devices (flash drives) have come down in price, we are now seeing users backup a copy of a file to a flash drive in order to work on it at another location. They will usually copy a file here or there but usually not for disaster recovery purposes. Although most of the computers on campus have read/write to CD or DVD capabilities, again we don't typically see our users archiving their files unless we instruct them to do so. We see that there is often confusion on their part as to what data is accessed from the client's hard drive and what data actually resides on a server. The storage solution used for Staff/Faculty electronic data at Baylor University is the Tivoli Storage Manager® software program. The support side of ITS was not involved in the decision to migrate to this software so we were not prepared for the amount of attention that would be required. Tivoli Storage Manager® is a powerful program and from a Help Desk or Client Support standpoint, it was a high maintenance relationship from the beginning. We tried unsuccessfully to rid ourselves of this time consuming and frustrating relationship. Later we realized that as much as Tivoli needed us, we needed Tivoli. Much like any other codependent relationship, we've had our ups and downs. We like to believe that we have reached a point of happy coexistence with Tivoli and we'd like to share the journey we took to arrive at this place. We also realize that like any other relationship in our lives, it requires effort on our part to ensure that the data backup process continues to work in a smooth and consistent manner. We may not be able to change the need for the software or the software's need for our attention but a shift in thinking can open up different ways of handling issues that come up in a positive and productive way. We will use the premise of a 12 step program used to recover manageability to one's life as a basis for the presentation of our data recovery program.
Reactions to withdrawal of antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, and lithium.

Abstract Withdrawal reactions to antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, and lithium are rarely considered as a source of morbidity in psychiatric patients. The author reviews the somewhat limited information available for these three drug categories. Possible neurotransmitter mechanisms underlying these reactions are discussed, along with recommendations for clinical management and areas for future research.
The conductance of electrolytes in acetone-2-propanol and acetone-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol mixtures at 25°C1

Precise conductance measurements are reported for tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide, iodie, and perchlorate and lithium chloride in acetone-2-propanol (2-PrOH) and acetone-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) mixtures at 25°C. Densities, viscosities and dielectric constants of the mixtures were determined. The dielectric constant vs mole % acetone curve for the acetone (e=19.4)-2-propanol (e=20.5) goes through a minimum at 40% acetone (e=17.4), while that for acetone-HFP (e=16.8) goes through a maximum at 50% acetone (e=26.87). The variations ofKA with e in acetone-HFP are in accord with the predictions of electrostatic theory, while those for acetone-2-PrOH show more complex behavior. Ionic association in these mixtures is discussed in terms of an interplay between solvent structure and a multiple-step association process.
Prevention of the excitatory actions of bradykinin by inhibition of PGI2 formation in nodose neurones of the guinea‐pig.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in intact guinea-pig nodose ganglia in vitro and from acutely isolated adult guinea-pig and rabbit nodose neurons to study a bradykinin (BK)-mediated block of a slow spike after-hyperpolarization (AHPslow) that is prominent in 30-40% of these neurones. 2. BK (100 nM) reversibly blocked the AHPslow, resulting in an ablation of the spike accommodative properties of these neurones. The B1 BK receptor agonist [des-Arg9]-BK did not mimic or prevent the actions of BK. In contrast, the B2 BK receptor antagonist D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]-BK (HOE 140) prevented BK-induced block of the AHPslow and the effect of BK on spike frequency adaptation. 3. The BK block of the AHPslow in acutely dissociated neurones was prevented by indomethacin, indicating that this BK effect was dependent upon a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite intrinsic to these neurones. 4. One to twenty femtomoles of the prostanoids PGE2, PGD2, 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2 (a metabolite of PGD2), PGF2 alpha, TxB2 and PGI2 were released spontaneously from a nodose ganglion in 15 min. BK (100 nM) selectively increased PGI2 release 2.8-fold without affecting the release of the other prostanoids. Treatment with 10 microM tranylcypromine (TCP), a putative PGI2 synthase inhibitor, completely prevented the BK-induced release of PGI2. 5. In the presence of 10 microM TCP, BK no longer produced significant effects on the AHPslow. In contrast, 10 microM TCP did not prevent PGI2 from blocking the AHPslow. 6. These results suggest that vagal afferents that exhibit AHPslow also possess the B2 type of BK receptor. Activation of these BK receptors results in the production of PGI2, which in turn controls spike frequency adaptation by affecting the amplitude of the AHPslow.
Molecular cytogenetic identification of four X chromosome duplications

Four cases with previously unidentified X-chromosome abnormalities were studied by standard cytogenetic techniques and FISH in order to demonstrate the origin of the extra segment on the abnormal X chromosomes. All cases were identified as X-chromosome duplications by using a chromosome-specific painting probe. Application of appropriate locus-specific DNA probes as an adjunct to GTG- and RBG-banding proved useful in defining the breakpoints and the extent of the duplications. Although the duplicated X chromosome in female cases was selectively inactivated, as demonstrated by its late-replicating pattern, abnormal clinical findings were manifested in 3 female patients.
Perturbation theory of the Anderson model

Abstract We report the results of a systematic study of the single impurity Anderson model based on a perturbative approach. Our work provides new and exact results for a number of quantities of interest. In particular we have investigated the impurity spin susceptibility as well as the spatial dependence of the spin correlation density. In view of the versatility of the technique our calculations have been carried out for several specific models of the conduction electron bare density of states ϱ 0 (ω). Both dynamical as well as thermodynamical properties have been investigated. Our results are compared with the ones obtained by means of the renormalization group analysis and recent quantum Monte Carlo studies. The breakdown of the Clogston-Anderson compensation theorem for realistic choices of ϱ 0 (ω) is pointed out and discussed.
In the Bellies of the Marshes: Water and Power in the Countryside of Ottoman Baghdad

AbstractThe economic fortunes of states and grain farmers in the Iraqi alluvium plummeted following the deterioration of the Sasanian irrigation system during the early medieval period, giving scho...
Geometric links among classical controls tools

This paper develops a geometric perspective that ties together a number of graphically based techniques from classical control theory. In particular, in the frequency domain, a connection between the Nyquist diagram and the Bode plots is unfolded via a sequence of three-dimensional representations. A parallel development in the "gain-domain" begins with the Evans root locus plot and leads to a set of gain plots that portray eigenvalue behavior as an explicit function of forward gain. The gain plots extend the standard root locus plot by depicting explicitly the influence of gain (or any system parameter) on the closed-loop system eigenvalues. This is similar to the way the Bode plots embellish the information of the Nyquist diagram by exposing frequency explicitly. The gain plots enable direct determination of gain values for which the closed-loop system is stable or unstable. By exposing the correspondence of gain values to specific eigenvalues, the plots serve as a pole-placement tool for identifying closed-loop designs meeting performance specifications. Furthermore, the gain plots reveal by inspection information about the closed-loop root sensitivity. The authors have found the gain plots as well as the underlying geometric development in both the frequency and gain domains invaluable in undergraduate and graduate controls education. >
Role of small GTP-binding proteins in lovastatin-induced cataracts.

Purpose. To investigate the biochemical mechanisms involved in the cataract induced by lovastatin, a commonly used cholesterol-lowering agent. Methods. The effects of lovastatin on lens transparency and on lens epithelial cell proliferation and structure have been investigated using organ-cultured rat lenses and cultured epithelial cells from human and rabbit lenses, respectively. Lens histologic and morphologic changes were recorded microscopically. Small GTP-binding protein profiles were determined by [a- 32 P] GTP overlay assays. Results. Rat lenses organ cultured for 7 days with lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor, developed frank subcapsular opacity. Lens epithelial cells (both human and rabbit) demonstrated extensive morphologic changes and inhibition of proliferation when treated with lovastatin. Histologic sections of lovastatin-treated lenses showed partial to complete degeneration of the central epithelium, distortion of elongating epithelial cells, and extensive vacuole formation in the equatorial regions of the cortex. Supplementation of the medium with DL-mevalonic acid (a precursor of isoprenoids whose synthesis is inhibited by lovastatin) prevented the lovastatin-induced changes in whole lenses or in lens epithelial cell cultures, whereas supplementation with cholesterol had no such effect. GTP-binding proteins accumulated in the soluble fractions of lovastatin-treated lens epithelial cells. This was consistent with a blockade in isoprenylation preventing normal association with membranes. Conclusions. The findings suggest that impairment of the function of small GTP-binding proteins, due to a lovastatin-induced blockade in their isoprenylation, affects lens cell structure and proliferation in tissue culture and induces lens opacity in organ culture. These findings are consistent with the proposed roles of small GTP-binding proteins as molecular switches that regulate fundamental cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and maintenance of cell structure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:2313-2321.
Marginalized and socially integrated groups of IDUs in Hungary: potential bridges of HIV infection.

The discrepancy in HIV rates among Eastern and central European injecting drug users (IDUs) suggests that, in addition to risk behaviors, social contact patterns also play an important role. We identify two groups of IDUs in Budapest, Hungary, marginalized IDUs (M-IDUs) and socially integrated IDUs (SI-IDUs) and compare their HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) social and risk network characteristics, risk behaviors, and travel patterns. Between May 2003 and January 2004, 29 nontreatment-recruited young IDUs in Budapest participated in ethnographic interviews and focus groups. The mean age was 23.6 years (SD=3.6); eight were female and two Roma/Gypsy. Most injected heroin (n=23) and/or amphetamines (n=10) in the past 30 days. M-IDUs had no legal employment, injected heroin and sniffed glue, and stopped using drugs in treatment/prison. SI-IDUs had regular jobs or were students, injected heroin and sniffed cocaine, and stopped using drugs before exams/tests. Both M-IDUs and SI-IDUs shared injecting equipment on occasion and used condoms rarely. M-IDUs had a large social network of “buddies” and a small risk network of “friends.” SI-IDUs had two separate large social networks of “buddies”: a M-IDU and a non-IDU network; and a small risk network of “friends.”Both groups reported monogamous sexual relationships. M-IDUs traveled within Hungary, whereas SI-IDUs traveled to Western Europe. If an HIV epidemic among IDUs in Hungary is not prevented, SI-IDUs may form a potential “bridge” of HIV infection between high-risk IDU populations and the low-risk general population, whereas M-IDUs may become cores of infection. Different approaches may be appropriate for M-IDUs and SI-IDUs to prevent HIV.
Computation and Measurement of High Field Phenomena in Dielectrics

Polymeric dielectrics have two electric field "thresholds", the first where conduction goes from linear to nonlinear, which is typically in the range of 10 V/m, and the second where carriers attain high mobility, which is typically in the range of 3times10 V/m. The latter is of great importance, as under the action of a cyclic field, the dielectric will degrade rapidly as a result of hot electrons, UV photons, etc. This paper will review important high field phenomena in dielectrics along with the methods used to measure and compute them
Using appendicitis scores in the pediatric ED

Abstract Study Objective The aims of the study were to prospectively evaluate the Alvarado and Samuel (pediatric appendicitis score [PAS]) appendicitis scoring systems in children and determine performance based on sex. Methods Children with abdominal pain concerning for appendicitis were recruited. Nine parameters evaluated by the scores were documented before imaging/surgery consultation. Test characteristics were calculated on all patients and by sex. Results Two hundred eighty-seven patients enrolled; median age was 9.8 years; and 155 (54%) were diagnosed with pathologic examination-confirmed appendicitis. Patients with appendicitis had mean PAS of 7.6, and those without had mean of 5.6 ( P P Conclusion Regardless of sex, neither PAS nor Alvarado has adequate predictive values for sole use to diagnose appendicitis.
Radiographic distortion artifact of circular external fixators.

Circular external fixators are commonly used to surgically treat a variety of orthopedic conditions. However, distortion artifact may mislead the radiographic interpreter as to the true anatomic location of the transfixing wires and either negatively impact patient healing or lead to unnecessary procedures. Distortion is due to unequal magnification of different parts of an object. The purpose of this study was to assess distortion of three circular external fixator apparatuses with the transfixing wires at 30, 60, and 90°. Distortion was greatest with all three apparatuses at 10° of rotation from parallel to the central X-ray beam. When comparing distortion between the three apparatuses, distortion was greatest with the transfixing wires at 30°. The study authors concluded that distortion artifact is most severe when the transfixing wires are at smaller angles and when they are farther from the X-ray table. The circular external fixator should be placed in the center of, and parallel to, the primary X-ra...
A Bayesian hierarchical occupancy model for track surveys conducted in a series of linear, spatially correlated, sites

Summary 1. Natural resource agencies often rely on surveys of animal sign (e.g. scat, scent marks, tracks) for population assessment, with repeat surveys required to model and account for uncertain detection. Using river otter Lontra canadensis snow-track survey data as a motivating example, we develop a 3-level occupancy model with parameters that describe (i) site-level occupancy probabilities, (ii) otter movement (and thus, track availability) and (iii) recorded presence–absence of tracks (conditional on the availability of tracks for detection). 2. We incorporated several recent developments in occupancy modelling, including the presence of both false negatives and false positives, spatial and temporal correlation and repeated sampling across distinct observers. 3. We investigated optimal allocation of sampling effort (e.g. within and among snowfall events) using simulations. We also compared models that allowed site-level occupancy and track-laying processes to be spatially correlated with models that assumed independence among sites. 4. Both types of models (independence and spatial) performed well across a range of simulated parameter values, but the spatial model resulted in more accurate point estimates for detection parameters and credibility intervals with better coverage rates when data were spatially correlated. When applied to real data, the spatial model resulted in a higher estimate of the occupancy rate ð ^ WÞ than the baseline model (0AE82 vs. 0AE59). A minimum of 15–20 helicopter flights, distributed among at least three unique snow events, were needed to meet precision goals (standard error ^ W < 0� 05). 5. Synthesis and applications. We describe a flexible and robust occupancy modelling framework that accounts for heterogeneous detection rates in surveys of animal sign. The method allows for spatially correlated sites and should have broad relevance to surveys conducted by many natural resource agencies.
Who Integrated Major League Baseball Faster Winning Teams or Losing Teams

In this article, the authors investigate the process of racial integration in Major League Baseball, critiquing the empirical approach used by Goff, McCormick, and Tollison (GMT; 2002). GMT claim to find evidence suggesting that winners integrated fastest. This study shows that when their empirical model is properly specified, the results do not support that conclusion. Several alternative tests are employed and the evidence is inconclusive—if anything, there is some weak support for the hypothesis that losers integrate faster.
The Dicistroviridae: An emerging family of invertebrate viruses

Dicistroviruses comprise a newly characterized and rapidly expanding family of small RNA viruses of invertebrates. Several features of this virus group have attracted considerable research interest in recent years. In this review I provide an overview of the Dicistroviridae and describe progress made toward the understanding and practical application of dicistroviruses, including (i) construction of the first infectious clone of a dicistrovirus, (ii) use of the baculovirus expression system for production of an infectious dicistrovirus, (iii) the use of Drosophila C virus for analysis of host response to virus infection, and (iv) correlation of the presence of Israeli acute paralysis virus with honey bee colony collapse disorder. The potential use of dicistroviruses for insect pest management is also discussed. The structure, mechanism and practical use of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements has recently been reviewed elsewhere.
Pregnancy in cystic fibrosis

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes recent knowledge regarding pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis, including contraception, pre and postpartum medical care and outcomes, as well as reproductive decision-making.Recent findingsCystic fibrosis women have a fertility rate approaching that of th
Force, Torque, and Stiffness: Interactions in Perceptual Discrimination

Three experiments investigated whether force and torque cues interact in haptic discrimination of force, torque, and stiffness, and if so, how. The statistical relation between force and torque was manipulated across four experimental conditions: either one type of cue varied while the other was constant, or both varied so as to be positively correlated, negatively correlated, or uncorrelated. Experiment 1 showed that the subjects' ability to discriminate force was improved by positively correlated torque but impaired with uncorrelated torque, as compared to the constant torque condition. Corresponding effects were found in Experiment 2 for the influence of force on torque discrimination. These findings indicate that force and torque are integrated in perception, rather than being processed as separate dimensions. A further experiment demonstrated facilitation of stiffness discrimination by correlated force and torque, whether the correlation was positive or negative. The findings suggest new means of augmenting haptic feedback to facilitate perception of the properties of soft objects.
The intracellular vitamin A-binding proteins: an overview of their functions.

The intracellular retinoid-binding proteins bind retinol, retinaldehyde, and retinoic acid for purposes of protection against decomposition, solubilize them in aqueous medium, render them nontoxic, and transport them within cells to their site of action. These binding proteins also function by presenting the retinoids to the appropriate enzymes for metabolism. The cytosolic retinol and retinoic acid-binding proteins—CRBP, CRABP, CRBP (II)—function in transport and metabolism of retinoids within parenchymal, intestinal, reproductive, and fetal cells and across blood-organ barriers. A different group of retinoid-binding proteins, more related to serum retinol-binding protein, functions in epididymis and uterus. Retinaldehyde-binding protein aids in the oxidation-reduction reaction of 11-cis-retinol–11-cis-retinaldehyde in the retina, where the interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein transports retinol between pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Finally, a group of retinoic acid-binding proteins termed “receptors” functions in the nucleus by attaching to promoter regions of a number of specific genes to stimulate their transcription and thus affect growth, development, and differentiation.
Spin-orbital electronegativity, the Xα method, and reactivity at transition-metal interfaces

It is shown that the concept of electronegativity, originally viewed as a virtually constant characteristic of an atom, can be generalized to the individual molecular orbitals of aggregates of atoms, utilizing the self-consistent field X-alpha (SCF-Xα) density-functional representation of molecular-orbital theory in conjunction with the definition of orbital electronegativity proposed by Hinze et al. This generalization allows for the dependence of electronegativity on the detailed electronic structure of a group of atoms as a function of its composition, geometry, and local chemical environment. In transition metals and transition-metal coordination complexes, where local magnetic spin polarization of electrons is important, the concept of orbital electronegativity can be further generalized to the individual spin-orbitals. By viewing a transition-metal surface, cluster, or coordination complex as providing orbital or spin-orbital pathways for electrons to effectively flow between reactants, where such flow directly between reactants in the gas phase is forbidden by orbital-symmetry restrictions or unfavorable electronegativity differences, orbital or spin-orbital electronegativity can be used in conjunction with SCF-Xα calculations for representative clusters and complexes as an approximate index of heterogeneous or homogeneous reactivity. Recent applications of this concept to a number of problems associated with reactivity at transition-metal interfaces are reviewed, including: (1) the dissociation and reactivity of hydrogen at low-coordination transition-metal sites, (2) the interaction of atomic hydrogen with transition-metal interfaces, and (3) the surface reactivity of iron.
Properties of a millisecond pulsed electrical discharge in a mixed air and diesel fuel

Air and fuel mixtures for diesel combustion can be enhanced by using a pulsed millisecond electrical discharge. The current and voltage of such a discharge needs to be measured in this type of experiment using a standard pulsed measurement technology based on a high voltage probe and current transformer. The experimental data and data evaluation of breakdown threshold voltages for mixed air and diesel fuel are presented in this paper. The data was collected from diesel engines. Comparison with experimental data from similar papers is given.
Wettability alteration and spontaneous imbibition in oil-wet carbonate formations

Alkaline/surfactant flooding has been widely tested for its ability to improve oil recovery, but little effort has been made toward understanding the controlling mechanisms and variables. This paper investigates the effect of electrolyte concentration, surfactant concentration and water/oil ratio on wettability, phase behavior, and displacement from a narrow gap. Wettability of calcite can be altered to about intermediate-wet to preferentially water-wet with alkaline/surfactant systems. Anionic surfactant adsorption can be significantly reduced in the presence of sodium carbonate.
Reverse saturable absorbers using indanthrone and derivatives of indanthrone

Indanthrone has been shown to exhibit the phenomenon of reverse saturable absorption.1 The wavelengths at which indanthrone behaves as a reverse saturable absorber can be changed by chemical modification of the indanthrone chromophore. We have synthesized several derivatives of indanthrone, and they have been shown to be more efficient reverse saturable absorbers than the parent indanthrone chromophore.
Staying Together: Protein Molecules in Mesoscopic Clusters.

Collective behavior of protein molecules in solutions is critically important for understanding their biological functions, as well as for efficient control of various technological processes. A number of recent experimental studies have observed the formation of various clusters in protein solutions in different systems (1–5). While the existence of small molecular complexes in solutions is a common phenomenon, a surprising thing in protein solutions is a variety and complexity of such aggregates.
Fatigue Life Prediction in Aluminum Shape Castings

Increasing use of aluminum shape castings in automotive and aerospace industries has drawn great attention to fatigue properties of cast aluminum components. The fatigue resistance of aluminum castings strongly depends upon the presence of casting flaws and characteristics of microstructural constituents. The existence of casting flaws significantly reduces fatigue crack initiation life. In the absence of casting flaws, however, crack initiation occurs at the fatigue-sensitive microstructural constituents. Cracking and decohesion of large silicon and Ferich intermetallic particles and crystallographic shearing from persistent slip bands in the aluminum matrix play an important role in crack initiation. This paper reviews the latest understanding in fatigue crack initiation mechanisms in cast aluminum alloys and presents multi-scale fatigue (MSF) life models for aluminum castings that account for multi-scale casting flaws and microstructural constituents.
Interrelationship among quality of life and occupational stress as well as job burnout in coal dust miners

Objective To explore the interrelationship among quality of life(QOL),occupational stress and job burnout among coal dust miners.Methods A total of 2058coal dust miners from 7coalmines in Shanxi province were surveyed.SF-36and MBI were used to assess the QOL and job burnout,while OSI-R was applied to assess the occupational role,personal strain and personal coping.SPSS13.0and AMOS17.0software were used for statistical analysis.Pearson correlation was used to describe the correlation among these variables,Path analysis was applied to build the model about occupational stress and job burnout on the QOL.P 0.05was considered o be statistically difference.Results Occupational role,personal strain,personal coping and burnout had direct impacts on QOL(P0.001).The higher the occupational role,personal strain,and job burnout,the lower the QOL(b=-0.38;b=-1.31;b=-0.68).However,the enhanced personal coping ability could increase the QOL(b=0.97).Meanwhile,personal strain,burnout and personal coping were regulator between occupational role and QOL.The tougher occupational task increased the individual stress(b=0.25),tiredness(b=0.09),thereby reduced the QOL.While personal strain also increased the burnout(b=0.32).Individual coping ability could reduce the personal strain(b=-0.15)and burnout(b=-0.28),thereby increased the QOL.Conclusions Occupational role,personal strain,job burnout and personal coping are closely related to QOL.In order to increase the QOL,It is critical to improve the operating environment,reduce the intensity of job stress,increase the human care,and enhance the coping ability of coal dust miners
Multi-period Stochastic Programming Model for Bank Asset and Liability Management

A stochastic linear programming model with simple recourse was developed to study the asset and liability management of banks under uncertainties based on the domestic economic environment.The uncertainties in future asset returns and deposit flows of banks were considered and estimated by using the vector auto-regression method.Furthermore,empirical study on Shanghai Pudong development bank was made and compared to the actual situation of the bank.The results show that strategies achieved by the model could avoid the risks brought by the future uncertainties better,and gain more than the actual situation.
Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Liyan Granule by HPLC

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of Chlorogenic acid in Liyan Granule. Method The determination was performed on Diamondsil Cl8 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphonic acid solution (13∶87) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength was set at 327 nm. Result The linear range of Chlorogenic acid was 0.026～0.26 μg (r =0.999 9) and the average recovery rate of Chlorogenic acid was 101.84% (RSD=0.48%, n =6). Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and with good stabilization, and suitable for the quality control of Liyan gramule.
Who lost the health care revolution

Just a year ago, in the March-April 1989 issue of Harvard Business Review, Professor Regina E. Herzlinger of the Harvard Business School took a long look at the U.S. health care system and declared the much touted revolution in the health care delivery system a failure. This article is a summary of the arguments that Professor Herzlinger marshaled for her treatise. In the following two articles, members of the College assess those arguments in terms of the medical management profession and in terms of the organizations, a hospital and a managed care company, for which they work. Finally, Professor Herzlinger returns to the subject with a response to these physician executives.
Wetting behavior of CMSX-4 in V-shaped channels for investment casting of fine features

AbstractAn analytical model was developed to predict the infiltration of a non-wetting liquid into a sharp-cornered channel with rough walls. The distance from the liquid meniscus to the corner and the liquid radius of curvature predicted by the model are a function of contact angle, corner angle, head height and surface roughness. Measurements of these lengths were made in a model experiment as a function of liquid head height. The results of the experiments suggest that the analytical model accurately predicts the wetting limit of corner sharpness.
The Emergence of Masers and Lasers

Einstein's idea that a microscopic system can be stimulated to emit radiation was confirmed by A. Ladenburg and his collaborators in Berlin. The use of stimulated emission to amplify a beam of radiation depends upon creating a population inversion in which more atoms are in a higher-lying level than in a lower level. Population inversions have been created in a number of innovative ways. In the first laser developed by Theodore Maiman, the population pulses of light from a xenon flash lamp population inversion was achieved and a pulse of laser light was emitted in the red region of the spectra at 694.3 nm. The population inversion in the popular helium-neon laser is created by collisions between neon and helium atoms. Modern experiments in which clouds of alkali atoms are cooled by laser beams with a frequency slightly below absorption maximum now routinely achieve temperatures in the milli-Kelvin range. At these temperatures, the atoms can be trapped in a magnetic or optical field where they can be further cooled by evaporative cooling.
The Land Use Jurisprudence of Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Stevens: Two Views on Balancing Public and Private Interests in Property

This three-part article examines the separate and combined legacies of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist and Justice John Paul Stevens in the area of regulatory takings jurisprudence as applied to land use controls. Part one of the article examines the U.S. Supreme Court’s takings jurisprudence during the tenure of Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice Stevens, with special attention to their own contributions to regulatory takings analysis. Special focus is given to the 1978 decision in Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City.Part two of the article outlines the land use visions presented by Rehnquist and Stevens. In its simplest form, the Rehnquist vision is one emphasizing burdens on individual rights, while Stevens places a greater emphasis on a landowner’s responsibility to the community and focuses on the generality of regulation and the justification for restrictions. The article further elaborates on how Rehnquist’s and Stevens’ views support their respective visions. Finally, part three of the article examines three specific issues relevant to takings jurisprudence and the respective contribution Rehnquist and Stevens made to each. Those issues are (1) the role of the state’s regulatory interest in takings analysis, (2) how to define the relevant property for analyzing economic impact, and (3) reciprocity of advantage and generality of regulation.
Infective endocarditis in haemodialysis patients: lower complications and same mortality rate as in non-haemodialysis patients.

Sir,It has been debated whether Infective Endocarditis (IE) in patients on haemodialysis (HD) has a worse outcome than non-haemodialysis patients, and a recent population based study published by y...
The Accuracy of Aggregate LP Production Planning Models

This paper provides valuable evidence concerning the use of small, simple models to represent complex systems. The focus is on linear programming planning models. The starting point is a large, detailed model which serves as a proxy for reality. From the large model, we derive a smaller one through aggregation. Through a process of calibration, we develop estimation models for determining the value of the detailed model objective function value from the aggregate model objective function value and a few additional explanatory variables. This overall procedure proves to be remarkably accurate.
POLITICS OF POLYGAMOUS PEOPLE: HOW A MINORITY RELIGION CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND RELIGION AND POLITICS IN AMERICA

When Texas State Troopers invaded the Yearning for Zion Ranch occupied by polygamist Mormon’s in 2008, it was the third major raid in American history. Yet, fundamentalist Mormons represent a small and little understood element of the American religious landscape. Nonetheless their struggles in America represent the evolving conflicts between politics and private religious life. This study introduces the doctrine of plural marriage as understood by Fundamentalist Mormons and uses it as a case study to consider five aspects of the relationship between religions and politics in America. This includes a discussion of when government chooses to intervene in the practice of religious groups and the responses of those groups to government involvement, the impact of the federal system on religious actors, the dynamic justifications given for involvement and the constant tension between public concerns and private devotion.
The case for philosophy in pharmacy education.

The student demands, “Prove to me that I should study logic.” The mentor responds, “How would you know it is a good proof?” Therein lies the challenge. In a previous essay, I called for integrating more (some?) philosophy into pharmacy education, both at the professional level and, perhaps
Seeding of Abdomen with Primary Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma by Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: Case Report

Background Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement has been implicated in extraneural metastasis of many primary central nervous system tumors. Reported cases include, but are not limited to, medulloblastoma, germ cell tumor, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, lymphoma, ependymoma, melanoma, and choroid plexus tumors. However, a literature review reveals no reported cases of extraneural metastasis of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC). Case Description Here we report the case of a 34-year-old man with recurrent intracranial malignant SFT/HPC who had undergone surgical tumor resection and subsequent placement of a VPS for obstructive hydrocephalus in 2004. Subsequently, the patient presented in 2011 and again in 2013 with abdominal SFT/HPC metastasis likely caused by the presence of the VPS. Conclusion The case raises concern regarding placement of a VPS in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by SFT/HPC. To avoid spread of SFT/HPC to the abdomen, we propose that patients with intracranial SFT/HPC and obstructive hydrocephalus be treated primarily by endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
Forms of orally-presented knowledge of results and serial reaction time

The influence of differences in the form of orally-presented knowledge of results upon serial reaction time to a visual signal was studied in four groups: a control group which received no knowledge of results, a group given actual reaction times in milliseconds, a group in which knowledge was provided through a monitor’s comments of “very good” or “too slow,” and a group receiving both types of reinforcement. The control group showed the usual decrement in performance over successive trials. All reinforcement groups displayed facilitated performance. While the group receiving quantitative information was not reliably superior to that receiving evaluative comment, the best performance was obtained in the group allowed both kinds of knowledge of results.
Krüppel-like Factors and the Liver

The Kruppel-like zinc finger transcription factor family encodes a family of proteins that currently includes at least 15 members regulating remarkably diverse processes, including cell growth, signal transduction, and differentiation. KLF genes are highly conserved evolutionarily with homologues expressed in zebrafish and Xenopus. The role of the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family in the liver is equally diverse, with roles in the regulation of adipogenesis, gluconeogen-esis, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation, energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and hepatic stellate cell activation. Of the KLFs studied to date in the liver, KLF6 is the best characterized. This chapter therefore highlights the functional diversity of KLF6 in the liver with the understanding that it serves as a template for the study of other KLFs in the liver. Specifically, we focus on the KLF6 gene and its cloning and identification from activated hepatic stellate cells, the importance of alternative splicing in the regulation of KLF6 gene function, the contribution of the KLF family to liver development and injury, and finally, dysregulation of KLF6 function in disease through several important mechanisms including alternative splicing, decreased expression, loss of heterozygosity, and somatic mutation.
Role Strain, Part 2: Perceptions Among Athletic Trainers Employed in the Professional Practice Setting

Context: Athletic trainers (ATs) employed in the professional sport setting (ATPSSs) demonstrate moderate to high degrees of role strain. The experiences and perceptions of these ATs provide insig...
Performance analysis of a free-piston Vuilleumier heat pump with dwell-based motion

Abstract Vuilleumier heat-driven heat pumps (VHPs) provide potential energy savings of 30–50% over traditional combustion heating systems. Nearly all prior VHP studies in the literature utilize a sinusoidal displacer motion. Free-piston-based Vuilleumier heat pumps, however, can operate with non-sinusoidal displacer motions as well. This work presents the analysis of a dwell-based displacer motion in which only one displacer moves at a time. A thermodynamic model that incorporates mass and energy conservation for all major VHP components is solved numerically for the heat flow, coefficient of performance (COP), and the pressure and temperature during one complete cycle. Model results are compared to experimental from the literature for two different VHP designs, with good agreement found in both cases. Further analysis of the dwell-based motion reveals that it provides 28% higher heat output with a slightly reduced COP for the same machine geometry operating in sinusoidal motion. Partial-load situations are found to be obtainable by increasing the dwell time with little impact on the COP. For free-piston VHPs a multi-motion strategy is suggested that may provide optimal performance across a range of load conditions.
Rules and Discretion in the Evaluation of Students and Schools: The Case of the New York Regents Examinations

The challenge of designing effective performance measurement and incentives is a general one in economic settings where behavior and outcomes are not easily observable. These issues are particularly prominent in education where, over the last two decades, test-based accountability systems for schools and students have proliferated. In this study, we present evidence that the design and decentralized, school-based scoring of New York’s high-stakes Regents Examinations have led to pervasive manipulation of student test scores that are just below performance thresholds. Specifically, we document statistically significant discontinuities in the distributions of subject-specific Regent scores that align with the cut scores used to determine both student eligibility to graduate and school accountability. Our results suggest that roughly 3 to 5 percent of the exam scores that qualified for a high school diploma actually had performance below the state requirements. Using multiple sources of data, we present evidence that score manipulation is driven by local teachers’ desire to help their students avoid sanctions associated with failure to meet exam standards, not the recent creation of school accountability systems. We also provide some evidence that variation in the extent of manipulation across schools tends to favor traditionally disadvantaged student groups.
Peripancreatic Fluid Collections and Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis

Pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) arise as a consequence of pancreatic injury. Pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatic abscess, and walled-off pancreatic necrosis are types of PFCs. The terminology of PFCs was developed to allow proper classification and define the severity of disease. PFCs that are misclassified can have clinical consequences.
Dermatologists Within, Beyond and Struggling with Borders: The Global Dermatologist

Improved international travel and communication has led to an increased awareness of and interest in global health issues. Many dermatologists and trainees now volunteer in less-developed nations. While their intentions are excellent, these volunteer activities may raise ethical challenges. Specifically, international volunteers may inadvertently tax limited local resources, confront cultural and language challenges, and face an unfamiliar emphasis on population health. In addition, volunteer physicians may find themselves dealing with lack of local diagnostic and therapeutic resources and limited follow-up. Several hypothetical case scenarios are presented that illustrate some of these challenges and their ethical ramifications. In addition, ethical issues relating to trainees volunteering in underdeveloped countries are addressed.
Evaluation of Forecasts of a Convectively Generated Bore Using an Intensively Observed Case Study from PECAN

AbstractThis paper presents a case study from an intensive observing period (IOP) during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field experiment that was focused on a bore generated by noc...
Advanced Microbial Strain Subtyping Techniques for Molecular Epidemiology Investigations

The discipline of molecular epidemiology applied to infectious disease uses the tools of molecular microbiology to characterize the distribution and determinants of infectious disease in human and nonhuman animal populations. Advancements made in this discipline have paralleled the advancements made in molecular microbiology to subtype microbes. This chapter describes genotyping techniques that are frequently used in epidemiologic investigations, including outbreak investigations, disease surveillance, healthcare-associated infection control, and other public health activities. The application of “next-generation sequencing” technology to epidemiologic investigations will discuss the unique advantages this new technology offers but also its challenges. Examples of the use of these techniques to investigate bacterial infectious diseases are highlighted. These examples will emphasize those studies that contributed to the implementation of new public health measures that otherwise could not have been made.
Rhetorical Lessons in Health Advocacy: Advancing Persuasive Problems and Partial Solutions in Pro-Caregiving Advocacy Policy Statements

Public health advocates often encounter the arduous rhetorical situation of championing issues assumed to be personal. One such rhetorical situation can be observed in pro-caregiving advocacy rhetoric; organizations promoting public policy attention for unpaid family caregivers. This essay argues that pro-caregiving advocates invite public action by persuasively advancing personal and public problems that impact caregivers, care-receivers, taxpayers, and businesses; however, in their policy statements, advocates undo the likelihood of public action by creating a partial solution that emphasizes the preferred location of home care and de-emphasizes the ways in which the financial and health-related caregiver problems get solved. The essay concludes with rhetorical lessons that highlight the practical applicability of argumentation methodology for scholars and practitioners of public health advocacy. In doing so, this essay offers practical tools to evaluate and reposition the efforts of health advocates moving an issue from personal to public.