cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An optimized protocol for neuronal assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) library preparation using Drosophila melanogaster

Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) is rapidly becoming the assay of choice to investigate chromatin-mediated gene regulation, largely because of low input requirements, a fast workflow, and the ability to interrogate the entire genome in an unbiased manner. Many studies using ATAC-seq use mammalian or human-derived tissues and the established protocols work well in these systems. However, ATAC-seq is not yet widely used in Drosophila model systems. Vinegar flies present several key advantages over mammalian systems that make them an excellent model for ATAC-seq studies. For example, there are abundant genetic tools in flies that are not available in mammalian models that allow straightforward targeting, transgene expression, and genetic manipulation. Because current ATAC-seq protocols are not optimized to use fly tissue as input, we developed an optimized workflow that accounts for several complicating factors present in Drosophila. We examined several parameters of library construction, including input size, freezing time, and washing, which specifically address the fly cuticle and possible confounds from retinal pigments. Then, we further optimized the enzymatic steps of library construction to account for the smaller genome size in flies. Finally, we used our optimized protocol to generate ATAC-seq libraries that displayed metrics indicating excellent library quality. Our optimized protocol will enable extensive ATAC-seq experiments in Drosophila, thereby leveraging the advantages of this powerful model system to understand chromatin-mediated gene regulation.
Open-source platform for block polymer formulation design using particle swarm optimization.

Facile exploration of large design spaces is critical to the development of new functional soft materials, including self-assembling block polymers, and computational inverse design methodologies are a promising route to initialize this task. We present here an open-source software package coupling particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an existing open-source self-consistent field theory (SCFT) software for the inverse design of self-assembling block polymers to target bulk morphologies. To lower the barrier to use of the software and facilitate exploration of novel design spaces, the underlying SCFT calculations are seeded with algorithmically generated initial fields for four typical morphologies: lamellae, network phases, cylindrical phases, and spherical phases. In addition to its utility within PSO, the initial guess tool also finds generic applicability for stand-alone SCFT calculations. The robustness of the software is demonstrated with two searches for classical phases in the conformationally symmetric diblock system, as well as one search for the Frank–Kasper $$\sigma $$ phase in conformationally asymmetric diblocks. The source code for both the initial guess generation and the PSO wrapper is publicly available.
Predicting metabolic pathway membership with deep neural networks by integrating sequential and ontology information.

Inference of protein’s membership in metabolic pathways has become an important task in functional annotation of protein. The membership information can provide valuable context to the basic functional annotation and also aid reconstruction of incomplete pathways. Previous works have shown success of inference by using various similarity measures of gene ontology. In this work, we set out to explore integrating ontology and sequential information to further improve the accuracy. Specifically, we developed a neural network model with an architecture tailored to facilitate the integration of features from different sources. Furthermore, we built models that are able to perform predictions from pathway-centric or protein-centric perspectives. We tested the classifiers using 5-fold cross validation for all metabolic pathways reported in KEGG database. The testing results demonstrate that by integrating ontology and sequential information with a tailored architecture our deep neural network method outperforms the existing methods significantly in the pathway-centric mode, and in the protein-centric mode, our method either outperforms or performs comparably with a suite of existing GO term based semantic similarity methods.
Simian Varicella Virus: Molecular Virology and Mechanisms of Pathogenesis.

Simian varicella virus (SVV) was first isolated in 1966 from African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) imported from Nairobi, Kenya, to the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom (UK) (Clarkson et al., Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 22:219–234, 1967). SVV infection caused severe disease that resulted in a 56% case fatality rate (CFR) in the imported animals within 48 h of the appearance of a varicella-like rash (Clarkson et al., Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 22:219–234, 1967; Hemme et al., Am J Trop Med Hyg 94:1095–1099, 2016). The deceased animals presented with fever, widespread vesicular rash, and multiple hemorrhagic foci throughout the lungs, liver, and spleen (Clarkson et al., Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 22:219–234, 1967). This outbreak was quickly followed by a second outbreak in 47 patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) imported from Chad and Nigeria by Glaxo Laboratories (London, England, UK), which quickly spread within the facility (McCarthy et al., Lancet 2:856–857, 1968).
Tobin's Q and Stock Market Performance

This study examines if the change in aggregate Tobin’s q ratio (∆TBQ) can dynamically forecast return on the SP the reverse causality is not evident. The variance decomposition results reveal that ∆TBQ forecasts about 70% of SP at the two-quarter to eight-quarter horizons.
The LTβR Signaling Pathway

The lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR, TNFRSF3) signaling pathway activates gene transcription programs and cell death important in immune development and host defense. The TNF receptor associated factors (TRAF)-2, 3 and 5 function as adaptors linking LTβR signaling targets. Interestingly, TRAF deficient mice do not phenocopy mice deficient in components of the LTβR pathway, presenting a conundrum. Here, an update of our understanding and models of the LTβR signaling pathway are reviewed, with a focus on this conundrum.
Three-Dimensional Planing at High Froude Number

Abstract : The steady motion of a planing surface of moderate aspect ratio at small angles of attack is considered. Linearized theory is used with a square- root type of pressure singularity representing the flow near the leading edge. As asymptotic solution for the pressure distribution on the planing surface at large Froude number (or small beta, the inverse of the Froude number) is sought. The lowest order term of the pressure distribution, obtained by setting beta equal to zero, is found to be the same as the pressure distribution on the lower side of the corresponding thin wing. Higher order terms in beta are obtained by an iteration process. Explicit solutions are obtained to order beta squared for rectangular planforms. Numerical results are calculated for rectangular flat plate planing surfaces of aspect ratios from 0.5 to 2.0. It is found that for large aspect ratios the lift coefficient is reduced by the gravity effect and for small aspect ratios it is increased, the dividing aspect ratio being about 1.5. The results compare reasonably well with experimental data.
DNA Alkylating Agents Alleviate Silencing of Class II Transactivator Gene Expression in L1210 Lymphoma Cells

MHC class II (Ia) Ag expression is inversely correlated with tumorigenicity and directly correlated with immunogenicity in clones of the mouse L1210 lymphoma (1 ). Understanding the mechanisms by which class II Ag expression is regulated in L1210 lymphoma may facilitate the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of some types of lymphoma and leukemia. This study demonstrates that the variation in MHC class II Ag expression among clones of L1210 lymphoma is due to differences in the expression of the class II transactivator (CIITA). Analysis of stable hybrids suggests that CIITA expression is repressed by a dominant mechanism in class II-negative L1210 clones. DNA-alkylating agents such as ethyl methanesulfonate and the chemotherapeutic drug melphalan activate CIITA and class II expression in class II negative L1210 cells, and this effect appears to be restricted to transformed cell lines derived from the early stages of B cell ontogeny. Transient transfection assays demonstrated that the CIITA type III promoter is active in class II(-) L1210 cells, despite the fact that the endogenous gene is not expressed, which suggests that these cells have all of the transacting factors necessary for CIITA transcription. An inverse correlation between methylation of the CIITA transcriptional regulatory region and CIITA expression was observed among L1210 clones. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine treatment activated CIITA expression in class II-negative L1210 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that 1) CIITA gene expression is repressed in class II(-) L1210 cells by methylation of the CIITA upstream regulatory region, and 2) treatment with DNA-alkylating agents overcomes methylation-based silencing of the CIITA gene in L1210 cells.
Processing and microwave electrical properties of high-temperature superconductors

High-temperature superconductors exhibit finite resistance in alternating electromagnetic fields. Bulk processing techniques have been used to form high-temperature-superconducting materials into large and complex shapes and are particularly useful for resonant cavities and antenna elements. The surface resistance (R/sub s/) of polycrystalline YBCO (Y-Ba-Cu-O) was found to be significantly lower than that of copper below 1 GHz; however, degradation occurs with increasing magnetic field. Potential applications are discussed in terms of the electrical properties and the ability to fabricate materials into useful shapes. >
Endocrine and Metabolic Testing Manual, Third Edition.

Endocrine and Metabolic Testing Manual, Third Edition. Robert F. Dons, ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1998, 280 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-8493-7606-8. The Endocrine and Metabolic Testing Manual is in its third edition and has proven to be an extremely valuable resource for information concerning specialized testing in the area of endocrine and metabolic diseases. Because endocrine disease often presents with subtle …
Piperine enhances the bioavailability of the tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), from green tea (Camellia sinensis), has demonstrated chemopreventive activity in animal models of carcinogenesis. Previously, we reported the bioavailability of EGCG in rats (1.6%) and mice (26.5%). Here, we report that cotreatment with a second dietary component, piperine (from black pepper), enhanced the bioavailability of EGCG in mice. Intragastric coadministration of 163.8 micromol/kg EGCG and 70.2 micromol/kg piperine to male CF-1 mice increased the plasma C(max) and area under the curve (AUC) by 1.3-fold compared to mice treated with EGCG only. Piperine appeared to increase EGCG bioavailability by inhibiting glucuronidation and gastrointestinal transit. Piperine (100 micromol/L) inhibited EGCG glucuronidation in mouse small intestine (by 40%) but not in hepatic microsomes. Piperine (20 micromol/L) also inhibited production of EGCG-3"-glucuronide in human HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Small intestinal EGCG levels in CF-1 mice following treatment with EGCG alone had a C(max) = 37.50 +/- 22.50 nmol/g at 60 min that then decreased to 5.14 +/- 1.65 nmol/g at 90 min; however, cotreatment with piperine resulted in a C(max) = 31.60 +/- 15.08 nmol/g at 90 min, and levels were maintained above 20 nmol/g until 180 min. This resulted in a significant increase in the small intestine EGCG AUC (4621.80 +/- 1958.72 vs. 1686.50 +/- 757.07 (nmol/g.min)). EGCG appearance in the colon and the feces of piperine-cotreated mice was slower than in mice treated with EGCG alone. The present study demonstrates the modulation of the EGCG bioavailablity by a second dietary component and illustrates a mechanism for interactions between dietary chemicals.
Ocular Tracking of Rapidly Moving Visual Targets by Stomatopod Crustaceans

1. Ocular tracking in two species of stomatopod crustaceans, Squilla empusa (Say) and Gonodactylus oerstedii (Hansen), was studied by presenting animals with small targets moving to their right and left. 2.Squilla empusa showed no indication of ocular movement responses synchronized with the target9s motion, whereas Gonodactylus oerstedii often tracked the target through large angular amplitudes. 3. The region of visual fixation in G. oerstedii is probably the ommatidial patches in line with the eyecup axis. This is suggested by the arrangement of ommatidial axes on the eye9s circumference, and by the alignment of the eyes and the rotational motions they make as they observe an approaching target. 4. Tracking is irregular, probably because the animal pays attention to the target only intermittently. Targets are most stimulatory as they move nearly in front of an animal. Eye tracking responses become larger, more frequent and more accurate with increasingly anterior target positions. 5. During visual tracking, the eyes perform both smooth and saccadic tracking movements. Eye movements in the size range 7.5°–15° are made to near the position of the target at movement onset, but are less accurate relative to the target9s position at the end of the movement. 6. During visual tracking, the two eyes apparently act with complete independence. Movements of one eye are uncorrelated with movements of the other, both for extreme and central locations of the moving target. 7. The existence of ocular independence during smooth pursuit and saccadic tracking in G. oerstedii may be possible because of the redundancy of visual fields existing in each eye, which could permit monocular measurements of distance to a viewed object. If so, each eye is capable of providing a complete description of the location of a target in space.
Pyrrolopyrimidine nucleosides. IV. The synthesis of certain 4,5‐disubstituted‐7‐(β‐d‐ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines related to the pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics

The treatment of 4-chloro-7-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (4) with N-bromoacetamide in methylene chloride has furnished the 5-bromo derivative of 4 which on subsequent deacetylation provided a good yield of 5-bromo-4-chloro-7-(β-D-ribo-furanosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidine (6). Assignment of the halogen substituent to position 5 was made on the basis of pmr studies. Treatment of 6 with methanolic ammonia afforded 4-amino-5-bromo-7-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d ]pyrimidine (8, 5-bromotubercidin) and a subsequent study has revealed that the 4-chloro group of 6 was replaced preferentially in a series of nucleophilic displacement reactions. The analogous synthesis of 4,5-dichloro-7-(β-D-ribo-furanosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (13b) and 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (13a) from 4 furnished 5-chlorotubercidin (15) and 5-iodotubercidin (14), respectively, on treatment of 13b and 13a with methanolic ammonia. The possible biochemical significance of these tubercidin derivatives is discussed.
Operations Research and Organizational Decision-Making in Academic Libraries

Operations research entered the library scene in the 1960s and '70s, and has attracted much interest from librarians. This paper examines the assumptions made by selected operations researchers concerning organizational decision-making in academic libraries. The assumptions then are compared to Richard L. Daft's contingency framework of organizational decision-making to determine the appropriateness of applying operations research assumptions and methods to organizational decision-making in an academic library setting. A review of the operations researchers' assumptions and Daft's framework suggests that the operations research approach may be appropriately applied to only a relatively narrow category of problems in academic libraries that match the stated assumptions. There are many other important academic library problems that are not well adapted to the operations researchers' craft.
Chiral recognition and behavior of [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol in aqueous solution by fluorescence spectroscopy

Abstract The photophysical properties of [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol (BINOL) have been examined with particular emphasis to the effects of chirality and chiral recognition. Few studies have specifically examined the photophysical properties of BINOL. This study was prompted by preliminary observations in our laboratory that revealed anomalously high fluorescence anisotropy values for BINOL. The analyte (BINOL) was examined in various solvents and in aqueous solutions of various pH values in order to perturb the effects of proton transfer, which was observed as a red-shift in the fluorescence emission. The anomalously high anisotropy value could not, however, be attributed to proton transfer phenomena. The anisotropy was found to be concentration dependent and was attributed to the formation of dimers or other higher order aggregates. The chiral recognition of BINOL was also examined by fluorescence anisotropy measurements and compared to that of other binaphthyl analogs.
Analysis and visualization of DNA spectrograms: open possibilities for the genome research

The demand for technology that can process biological information is becoming more and more obvious and urgent. Existing research in bioinformatics has been focusing on various types of analysis of DNA sequences and various measurements taken at the protein, RNA transcript and DNA level. In this paper we will show the application of spectral analysis and image processing in analyzing DNA sequences of specific structure. In addition, we extend the framework to visualize long DNA sequences and help in identifying patterns that are visible at high resolution of DNA spectral images.
MicroRNA analysis as a potential diagnostic tool for papillary thyroid carcinoma

MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis has consistently found altered expression of miRNAs in thyroid tumors, suggesting their roles in thyroid carcinogenesis. To explore whether this differential expression can be used as a diagnostic tool in surgical pathology and fine-needle aspirate (FNA) specimens, the expression of selected miRNA was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, using total RNA from 84 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and 40 ex vivo aspirate specimens. miRNA from all paraffin-embedded tissues and all but one FNA sample were found to be analyzable, with paraffin sections yielding better miRNA quality. Preliminary analysis of 6 miRNAs in 10 papillary thyroid carcinoma and 10 follicular adenoma identified significant overexpression of miR-146b, -221, and -222 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (P 0.08). The expression of these first three miRNAs was examined in a series of 5 normal thyroid, 11 hyperplastic nodules, 24 follicular adenoma, 27 classical papillary thyroid carcinoma, 5 follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, 2 follicular carcinoma, and 10 encapsulated follicular lesions with partial nuclear features of papillary carcinoma. Results showed miR-146b to be most consistently overexpressed in both classical papillary carcinoma and follicular variants, whereas all other groups showed lower expression at a similar level (P<0.001 for pair-wise comparisons between papillary carcinoma and all other groups). Follicular lesions with partial features of papillary carcinoma all showed low miR-146b levels similar to other non-papillary carcinoma groups, suggesting that they are biologically distinctive from papillary carcinoma. miR-221 and miR-222 also showed higher expression in papillary carcinoma, but with substantial overlaps with the other groups. When applied to 40 FNA samples of various lesions, only miR-146b and miR-222 persisted as distinguishing markers for papillary carcinoma. We concluded that miRNAs, particularly miR-146b, might potentially be adjunct markers for diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma in both FNA and surgical pathology specimens.
Acetaminophen sulfation deficit in obese rats overfed an energy-dense cafeteria diet.

The current studies examine acetaminophen pharmacokinetics and biotransformation in obese animals for possible shifts in metabolic conjugation reactions. Obesity was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats with an energy-dense cafeteria feeding regimen. Acetaminophen half-life remained unchanged and apparent volume of distribution increased slightly in obese versus pellet-fed control rats following an ip dose of 287 mg/kg. However, obese animals exhibited lower plasma concentrations of acetaminophen sulfate and excreted less sulfate conjugate but more glucuronide conjugate in urine. Absolute clearance of acetaminophen from plasma was similar for both groups of rats but formation clearance of acetaminophen sulfate was lower and formation clearance of acetaminophen glucuronide and was higher than control in obese rats. Renal clearance of unchanged drug and both conjugated metabolites appeared to rise with the degree of obesity. The many parallels in acetaminophen disposition shared with the obese human show the ove...
N-[1′-(2,4,6-Trimethyl­anilino)-1-ferrocen­yl]-N-(2,4,6-trimethyl­phen­yl)thio­carbamoyl chloride

The title compound, [Fe(C15H15ClNS)(C14H16N)], crystallizes with the thio­carbamoyl chloride unit nearly coplanar with the cyclo­penta­dienyl ring to which it is attached. There is a slight deviation from planarity which, along with the orientation of the amino substituent on the other cyclo­penta­dienyl ring, is suggestive of an intra­molecular hydrogen bond. The long donor–acceptor N⋯S length of 3.702 (2) A indicates that any inter­action is weak.
Treatment of the parotid gland in cutaneous melanoma

Melanoma of the head and neck may be metastatic to nodes within the parotid gland. The pattern of spread of melanoma in the head and neck and the significance of this to salivary gland surgery is reviewed. The techniques of sentinel node biopsy for nodes within the parotid gland are detailed.
ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS. A HISTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY.

Abstract Electron microscopic and histochemical alterations in heart muscle after the administration of isoproterenol are described in detail. Isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis develops more slowly than that resulting from coronary artery occlusion. The first prominent electron microscopic changes are: thickening of the Z lines, swelling of mitochondria, and enlargement of the vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum. Little depletion of glycogen was observed in the early stages. Fat droplets in various stages of formation were observed within the vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum. No fatty degeneration of the mitochondria was seen. Histochemical studies demonstrated an early rise in the succinic dehydrogenase activity, followed by a fall. No early rise was seen with the cytochrome oxidase reaction. The accumulation of fat droplets in myocardium was studied by a sensitive fluorescence microscopy technique. The significance of these observations and the relationship of fatty change in the myocardium to cellular injury are discussed.
The Forced-Commutated Inverter as a Regenerative Rectifier

The application of a three-phase 120°-gated forced commutated thyristor inverter as a regenerative rectification circuit is discussed. The circuit has the ability to accept or deliver dc current without change of nominal dc voltage magnitude or polarity and also has the capability to instantaneously change from ``motoring'' to ``generating'' and vice versa. An analysis of the circuit is undertaken to provide both the current waveforms and the regulation characteristic, which are compared with those of a conventional rectifier. Theoretical results are compared with those obtained from a laboratory working prototype.
Cardiovascular risk factors in minorities

Abstract Recent clinical trials have confirmed the value of intervention on major risk factors, particularly hypertension and hyperlipidemia, in preventing the progression and clinical sequelae of atherosclerosis. Less is known about the prevalence and impact of atherosclerosis risk factors in minorities. A review of recent literature reporting the prevalence of established and new predictors of atherosclerotic events in minority populations and the inclusion of minorities in clinical trials is presented. The prevalence of risk factors differs considerably in minority populations. The role of "premature" coronary death and the level of some risk factors, particularly obesity and blood pressure in African descendants and high triglycerides, low high-density lipoproteins, and diabetes in some Hispanics, is higher than in whites. With few exceptions, however, minorities have not been included in clinical trials in sufficient numbers to determine whether significant differences in the benefit of risk factor intervention exists. Prevalence of key risk factors differs among minority groups. Risk factor intervention should be pursued in minority groups but with the understanding that clinical trials have not ruled out the possibility of qualitative or quantitative differences in response rates among different groups.
The Effects of Task Clarification, Feedback, and Goal Setting on Student Advisors' Office Behaviors and Customer Service.

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of feedback, task clarification and goal-setting on office behaviors and customer service of ten undergraduate participants that served as university advisors. A multiplebaseline design was implemented across three target behaviors: client greeting, front-desk behaviors, and punctuality. During intervention the advisors received supervisor-delivered verbal group feedback, a task-clarification sheet, and supervisor-delivered goal setting for each target behavior. All target behaviors increased once the intervention was implemented.
Water sorption isotherms and enthalpies of water sorption by lysozyme using the quartz crystal microbalance/heat conduction calorimeter

Abstract The water sorption isotherm and the water vapor activity dependence of the enthalpy of water sorption Δ sorp H ° of lysozyme have been measured at 25°C. A thin film of lysozyme of mass 250 μg was exposed to H 2 O/N 2 mixtures in a quartz crystal microbalance/heat conduction calorimeter (QCM/HCC). The QCM/HCC is a new gravimetric/calorimetric method that measures simultaneously and with high precision the mass change and the corresponding heat flow in a thin film exposed to a gas. Δ sorp H ° for lysozyme agrees with previous determinations, although hysteresis effects are evident in the data. No van’t Hoff analysis is necessary because sorption enthalpies are measured calorimetrically. The water vapor activity dependence of Δ sorp H ° agrees with that measured previously by Bone. As the water content of the lysozyme film drops below 10 mass%, Δ sorp H ° becomes more exothermic, indicating that water is being bound to the charged or highly polar groups of the solvent-accessible surface of lysozyme. The dynamics of water uptake and release from lysozyme thin films are much slower than in polymer films of comparable thickness. Because the QCM/HCC operates with sub-milligram samples, any protein is now amenable to study by this technique.
Sampling large random knots in a confined space

DNA knots formed under extreme conditions of condensation, as in bacteriophage P4, are difficult to analyze experimentally and theoretically. In this paper, we propose to use the uniform random polygon model as a supplementary method to the existing methods for generating random knots in confinement. The uniform random polygon model allows us to sample knots with large crossing numbers and also to generate large diagrammatically prime knot diagrams. We show numerically that uniform random polygons sample knots with large minimum crossing numbers and certain complicated knot invariants (as those observed experimentally). We do this in terms of the knot determinants or colorings. Our numerical results suggest that the average determinant of a uniform random polygon of n vertices grows faster than . We also investigate the complexity of prime knot diagrams. We show rigorously that the probability that a randomly selected 2D uniform random polygon of n vertices is almost diagrammatically prime goes to 1 as n goes to infinity. Furthermore, the average number of crossings in such a diagram is at the order of O(n2). Therefore, the two-dimensional uniform random polygons offer an effective way in sampling large (prime) knots, which can be useful in various applications.
Hydro­gen bonding and C—H⋯X interactions in 3-fluoro-2-[1-(1-naph­thyl)ethyl]benzoic acid

The title acid, C19H15FO2, crystallized in the centrosymmetric space group P\overline 1 with one mol­ecule as the asymmetric unit. There is a single hydrogen bond, with an OD⋯OA distance of 2.632 (2) A and an OD—H⋯OA angle of 177 (3)°, which forms an R{_2^2}(8) cyclic dimer about a center of symmetry. There is a single leading intermolecular C—H⋯X interaction, with an H⋯F distance of 2.49 A and a C—H⋯F angle of 147°. Three leading intramolecular C—H⋯X interactions appear to play a significant role in determining the orientation of the methyl and carboxyl groups.
Identity avoidance in the Hebrew lexicon: implications for symbolic accounts of word formation.

Hebrew frequently exhibits geminates in the root but strictly constrains their location: Root-initial gemination is rare (e.g., ssm), whereas root-final gemination (e.g., smm) is frequent. Four experiments demonstrate that Hebrew speakers generalize this constraint to novel roots. When speakers are encouraged to form a triliteral root from a biconsonantal input (e.g., sm), they frequently reduplicate the root's final radical (e.g., smm), but not its initial radical (e.g., ssm). Likewise, the rejection of novel root foils with root initial geminates is easier than roots with final geminates. In both cases, speakers' performance is inexplicable by the statistical structure of the Hebrew language. Speakers' ability to freely generalize the constraint on root structure suggests that their linguistic competence appeals to mental variables.
Characterization of nerve growth factor binding to embryonic rat spinal cord neurons

The binding of iodinated beta-nerve growth factor, [125I]-NGF, to embryonic (E16) rat spinal cord cells, was investigated to characterize the binding properties and cellular distribution of nerve growth factor receptors. Spinal cord cells prepared without trypsin yielded two classes of NGF binding sites with Kd's of 3 x 10(-11) M and 4 x 10(-9) M. Fractionation of the cells by discontinuous gradients composed of 8%, 12%, and 17% metrizamide was used to separate motoneurons from other cell types. The motoneuron enriched fraction (8% metrizamide) contained approximately 10% of the cells and 64% of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. In contrast, the 12% metrizamide fraction contained most (51%) of the cells and 36% of the ChAT activity, while the 17% metrizamide fraction contained the remainder of the cells and negligible amounts of ChAT activity. Characterization of [125I]-NGF binding to each metrizamide fraction showed that the motoneuron-enriched fraction exhibited both high and low affinity binding sites, while the other metrizamide fractions exhibited only the low affinity binding sites. These findings indicate that although low affinity NGF receptors appear to be relatively evenly distributed amongst embryonic rat spinal cord cells, high affinity NGF receptors are found primarily on motoneurons.
Recognition of Speech Produced in Noise

A two-part study examined recognition of speech produced in quiet and in noise by normal hearing adults. In Part I 5 women produced 50 sentences consisting of an ambiguous carrier phrase followed by a unique target word. These sentences were spoken in three environments: quiet, wide band noise (WBN), and meaningful multi-talker babble (MMB). The WBN and MMB competitors were presented through insert earphones at 80 dB SPL. For each talker, the mean vocal level, long-term average speech spectra, and mean word duration were calculated for the 50 target words produced in each speaking environment. Compared to quiet, the vocal levels produced in WBN and MMB increased an average of 14.5 dB. The increase in vocal level was characterized by increased spectral energy in the high frequencies. Word duration also increased an average of 77 ms in WBN and MMB relative to the quiet condition. In Part II, the sentences produced by one of the 5 talkers were presented to 30 adults in the presence of multi-talker babble und...
Structure of the Charge Separated State in the Photosynthetic Reaction Centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by Quantum Beat Oscillations and High-Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Evidence for Light-Induced Reorientation

The structure of the secondary radical pair, , in fully deuterated and Zn-substituted reaction centers (RCs) of the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26 has been determined by high-time resolution and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A computer analysis of quantum beat oscillations, observed in a two-dimensional Q-band (34 GHz) EPR experiment, provides the orientation of the various magnetic tensors of with respect to a magnetic reference frame. The orientation of the g-tensor of in an external reference system is adapted from a single-crystal W-band (95 GHz) EPR study [Klette, R.; Torring, J. T.; Plato, M.; Mobius, K.; Bonigk, B.; Lubitz, W. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 2015−2020]. Thus, we obtain the three-dimensional structure of the charge separated state on a nanosecond time scale after light-induced charge separation. Comparison with crystallographic data reveals that the position of the quinone is essentially the same as that in the X-ray structure. However, the head group of ...
Modular type-safety proofs in Agda

Methods for reusing code are widespread and well researched, but methods for reusing proofs are still emerging. We consider the use of dependent types for this purpose, introducing a modular approach for composing mechanized proofs. We show that common techniques for abstracting algorithms over data structures naturally translate to abstractions over proofs. We introduce a language composed of a series of smaller language components, each defined as functors, and tie them together by taking the fixed point of their sum [Malcom, 1990]. We then give proofs of type preservation for each language component and show how to compose these proofs into a proof for the entire language, again by taking the fixed point of a sum of functors.
Preparation and Characterization of Tritium Targets

The Isotope Research Materials Laboratory (IRML) of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) prepares tritium targets that are used to produce an intense beam of 14.5 MeV neutrons by the 31H(21H,10n)42He reaction. The intense beams of 14.5 MeV neutrons are used in programs involving cancer research, materials evaluation, and materials identification. The tritium targets required by researchers have ranged in size from 1-cm diam to 50-cm diam and have contained from 3.7 × 104 MBq to 2.2 × 108 MBq of tritium. Important parameters in the performance of tritium targets, when bombarded with deuterons, include target lifetime and neutron output. These parameters are heavily dependent on the host metal layer used to form the tritide compound and the gas-to-metal loading of the host material. Fabrication procedures used in preparing titanium tritide targets with subsequent gas-to-metal determinations are described.
Activation of the mitochondrial caspase cascade in the absence of protein synthesis does not require c-Jun N-terminal kinase

Prolonged activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been suggested as a signal for apoptosis in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Using three cytocidal RNA or protein synthesis inhibitors (actinomycin D, anisomycin, and emetine), the potential role of JNK in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade was investigated in A549-S cells. Protein synthesis inhibition per se was not the cause of cell death as cycloheximide induced only growth arrest. All the cytocidal inhibitors induced cytochrome c release and caspases 9 activation within hours, but only anisomycin caused persistent JNK activation. Although, the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, inhibited JNK-dependent anisomycin-induced c-Jun phosphorylation, it was ineffective in preventing anisomycin-induced caspase activation and cell death. Thus, all three lethal macromolecule synthesis inhibitors can activate the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery independent of JNK activation, demonstrating that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway can be activated independently of the JNK pathway in the absence of protein synthesis.
Theory of the pionic decay of sigma hyperons in the bound state model

A study of the three pionic decay modes of sigma hyperons is carried out within the framework of a model in which the sigma hyperon is considered as a bound S-state of a pion and a lambda hyperon. A previous study is modified so as to include an explicit estimate of all of the simplest dynamical mechanisms which may contribute to the decays in this model. A relatively unique and simple dynamical theory of the decays is formulated which has the following features: (1) The near zero asymmetry parameters in the decay modes Σ− → π− + n and Σ+ → π+ + n seem to follow essentially from a certain relationship between the mass of the nucleon, the mass of the sigma, and the mass of the Y1∗; (2) the nearly maximal asymmetry parameter in the decay mode Σ+ → π0 + p and the approximate equality of the three decay rates follow naturally from (1) and the ΔI = 12 rule, which is assumed; (3) the asymmetry parameter for the mode Σ+ → π0 + p is predicted to be opposite in sign and comparable in magnitude to the asymmetry parameter in the pionic decay of the lambda hyperon; (4) the decay Σ− → π− + n is predicted to be essentially pure P-wave and the decay Σ+ → π+ + n to be essentially pure S-wave. The above-mentioned relationship between the masses of nucleon, sigma, and Y1∗ is shown to be most reasonable if we assume that the Y1∗ is a bound state of a K and a nucleon with about the same binding energy as the hypothesized bound-state sigma. Indeed, the relationship can be utilized to give an estimate of the K-meson mass in terms of the pion mass.
An effective level-1 cache locking strategy for energy-efficient real-time multicore systems

Multicore architectures with multilevel caches are being used in both desktop and embedded processors for their improved performance. Caches increase execution time unpredictability and make it difficult to support real-time applications. Caches also challenge the power supply system by consuming a lot of power. Studies show that cache locking improves predictability and performance/power ratio for single-core systems. Recent studies also show that way cache locking can be applied in multicore systems. In this work, we propose a simple but effective level-1 wayc ache locking scheme for multicore systems. This scheme is based on the analysis of applications' worst case execution time (WCET) and it allows changing the locked cache size during runtime to achieve the optimal predictability and performance/power ratio for the running application. Using Heptane WCET analyzer, we study MPEG4, H.264/AVC, FFT, MI, and DFT codes and generate workloads. Workloads provide miss information for the memory blocks (without cache locking). Using VisualSim tool, we model and simulate a system with four cores and two levels of caches. We also simulate a random cache locking strategy. Experimental results show that our cache locking scheme significantly improves predictability by decreasing total misses more than 50%. Experimental results also show that our proposed cache locking strategy outperforms the random strategy by up to 22%.
Custom fabrication for mandibular reconstruction.

Abstract An unusual case of two primary tumors of the facial region is presented. Successful treatment was effected by radical resection and x-irradiation therapy. The deformity that resulted was absence of the hemimandible. This was corrected with a custom-made mandible, which gave a functional as well as an esthetic result.
A test for endogenous interferences in superoxide dismutase assays

Abstract Endogenous interfering substances can be detected by applying the techniques of parallel-line analysis of variance to the assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in crude tissue extracts. The technique also allows expression of specific activities in terms of units of activity as defined by commercially available standards as opposed to definition by the specific assay conditions utilized. This analysis may be broadly applied to many of the indirect SOD assays currently in use. In the current investigation, SOD was assayed by its ability to inhibit the rate of reduction of acetylated ferricytochrome c by superoxide anion ( O 2 • ) generated via the xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction. The parallel-line analysis was effective in detecting the presence of interference by exogenous ascorbate in the reaction system, and by unidentified endogenous reactants within extracts of whole blood and ocular choroidal tissues of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.
Continuous Dependence on Modeling for Related Cauchy Problems of a Class of Evolution Equations

Abstract Solutions of a class of Cauchy problems are compared with solutions of related perturbed problems. Holder continuous dependence on the perturbation parameter is established for the difference of these solutions using the logarithmic convexity method. Results are also obtained under weaker restrictions for a special class of linear equations by employing the Lagrange identity method. Studies of this kind attempt to regularize problems that may be ill posed against errors made in formulating the governing equations of mathematical models.
Esophagobronchial Fistula Complicating Isolated Esophageal Crohn’s: A Case Report

Isolated esophageal Crohn’s is a rare condition with few reported cases; there are even much fewer documented case reports of esophagobronchial fistula complicating esophageal Crohn’s. We present a case of isolated esophageal Crohn’s with esophagobronchial fistula presenting with hemoptysis. Diagnostic considerations and therapeutic options are detailed. We recommend chest computerized tomography (with computerized virtualization of endoluminal data when available) as the imaging modality of choice, as well as traditional studies: barium swallow, bronchoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, for a complete elucidation of all associated clinical entities. We conclude by making the case for entertaining a diagnosis of esophagobronchial or related fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease who present with interval development of respiratory symptoms or signs especially when these are persistent or recurrent. J Med Cases. 2014;5(3):143-146 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 14740 / jmc1601w
Premarital socioeconomic roles and the timing of family formation: A comparative study of five Asian societies

The impact of female socioeconomic activities on cumulative fertility is a product of a series of life cycle stages, including the initiation of marriage and the timing of subsequent births. In the present paper, the effects of premarital socioeconomic roles on the first stages of family formation—the timing of marriage and the interval between marriage and first birth—are analyzed. Modern socioeconomic roles, especially educational attainment, lead to a postponement of marriage, and thereby age at first birth. However, the same variables tend to have a counterbalancing effect by reducing the interval from marriage to the first birth.
Prediction of Heat Transfer and Friction for the Louver Fin Geometry

This paper is concerned with prediction of the air-side heat transfer coefficient of the louver fin geometry used in automotive radiators. An analytical model was developed to predict the heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of the louver fin geometry. The model is based on boundary layer and channel flow equations, and accounts for the[open quote] flow efficiency[close quotes] in the array, as previously reported by Webb and Trauger. The model has no empirical constants. The model allows independent specifications of all of the geometric parameters of the touver fin. This includes the number of louvers over the flow depth, the louver width and length, and the louver angle. The model was validated by predicting the heat transfer coefficient antifriction factor of 32 louver arrays tested by Davenport, which spanned hydraulic diameter based Reynolds numbers of 300-2800. At the highest Reynolds number, all of the heat transfer coefficients were predicted within a maximum error of [minus]14 /+ 25 percent, and a mean error of +/- percent. The high Reynolds number friction factors were predicted with a maximum error [minus]22 / + 26 percent, with a mean error of +/- 8 percent. The error ratios were slightly higher at the lowestmore » Reynolds numbers. 11 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs.« less
Petrology, structure, and regional tectonics of South Fork Mountain Schist, Pine Ridge Summit, northern California

South Fork Mountain Schist of Pine Ridge Summit, northern California, is predominantly metasedimentary, of the glaucophanitic-greenschist facies, and has undergone at least two periods of folding. It was overridden by the Klamath Mountain block (Coast Range thrust fault) and later thrust over unmetamorphosed broken formation of the Franciscan Complex. The schist differs markedly from the subjacent Franciscan in being derived from a more distal submarine fan deposit. Chert breccia and volcanic boudins within the fault zone beneath the schist may have been derived from a melange terrane now situated beneath the Klamath block. The schist does not correlate lithologically or structurally with the nearby Redwood Mountain schist outlier, which may have been transported to its present position by strike-slip faulting.
Performance of gamma-ray imager using a 38 /spl times/ 38 crossed-strip Ge detector

We have developed a gamma-ray imager that uses a unique hybrid germanium detector as its gamma-ray sensing element. The detector includes an eleven-millimeter thick two-millimeter pitch, 38 /spl times/ 38 crossed-strip, planar, Ge detector followed by a 5-cm thick, 8-cm diameter, coaxial, Ge detector. The two-detector design significantly improves the stopping power for high energy gamma-rays over that of the planar detector alone. The images are created using the coded aperture imaging technique. A shadow mask of 6.1-mm thick Ta is used to provide imaging efficiency out to beyond 500 keV. The imager is designed for use in non-destructive analysis problems where the source configuration and overlying material is not known a priori The images are fully deconvolved to provide a spectrum at each pixel in the image. This information allows NDA techniques to be applied to each line of sight from the source, significantly improving the information obtained from a measurement. In this paper we present the details of the imager design and its performance.
Graduate school and the job market of the '90s: A survey of young geoscientists

The last 5 years have seen an explosion in concern about the health and vitality of the research job market. Once the subject of hushed conversations in the hallways and laboratories of the nation's research universities, fears of a “black hole in science employment” are featured headlines in newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media. While a genuine love of science remains the foundation of a healthy research career, nagging doubts about the availability of good jobs, job security, and compensation can cause even the most dedicated student to question the viability of a research career.