cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new and useful method for the macrocyclization of linear peptides.

A new and useful procedure for the macrocyclization of linear peptides is described. The natural amino acid side chains of tyrosine (phenol), lysine (alkylamine), and histidine (imidazole) react in an intramolecular fashion with a pendent pyridine-N-oxide-carboxamide, which is selectively activated by the phosphonium salt, PyBroP. The reaction is mild, rapid, and efficient with a potentially large substrate scope. Multiple examples are provided with full characterization and analyses, including a novel aza-variant of the C–O–D ring system of vancomycin.
Airway compromise following palatoplasty in Robin sequence: improving safety and predictability.

Background Prior studies report a high incidence of airway complications in patients with Robin sequence following palatoplasty. The authors' institution uses polysomnography to assess risk of airway compromise before palatoplasty in Robin sequence. This study compares airway complications in Robin sequence to cleft palate only using this screening airway protocol and identifies risk factors for airway complications after palatoplasty. Methods A 12-year retrospective review of patients with Robin sequence undergoing palatoplasty was performed. Robin sequence patients were divided into nonoperative management and mandibular distraction osteogenesis subgroups. Preoperative variables including comorbidities were recorded. The primary outcome was postoperative airway complication, defined as reintubation, emergency room visit, or hospital admission within 3 months of palatoplasty. Results One hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria: polysomnography, 34.5 percent; Robin sequence, 65.5 percent; and Robin sequence treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis, 30.1 percent. Screening polysomnography was used to indicate patients for palatoplasty or other airway interventions. The total airway complication rate was 7.1 percent; this was similar in Robin sequence (5.8 percent) and cleft palate only (7.7 percent). In isolated Robin sequence, the reintubation rate was 0 percent. Lower airway anomalies were associated with airway complications (p = 0.03). Significant variables for reintubation were cardiac (p = 0.046), gastrointestinal (p = 0.04), and lower airway anomalies (p = 0.025) and syndromic diagnosis (p = 0.05). Conclusion Screening polysomnography can control airway complications following palatoplasty in Robin sequence patients to a rate that is comparable to that of patients with cleft palate only.
On the applicability of acoustic emission to identify modes of damage in full-scale composite fuselage structures:

The acoustic emission method was applied during the testing of six full-scale sandwich composite aircraft fuselage panels containing through-the-thickness notches. The panels were subjected to different combinations of quasi-static internal pressure, the corresponding hoop loads, and longitudinal loads. The applicability of conventional acoustic emission signal feature analysis to identify the dominant modes of failure and extraneous emission in large composite structures was investigated. It was concluded that no clear distinction could be made among the different failure mechanisms based on the conventional acoustic emission signal features alone. Further, emission generated by fretting, either among fracture surfaces or of loading fixtures, has acoustic emission signal waveform features that are similar to those of damage-generated emission signals.
Reliability in NIBRS Reporting of Substance Use in Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence

This article examines the reliability and validity of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data pertaining to substance use in incidents of intimate partner violence. The study sample i...
The Influence of Electrons From the Filament on the Material Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Grown by the Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

We observe that under certain conditions, hydrogenated amorphous silicon grown by the hotwire chemical-vapor deposition technique has dark conductivities varying by several orders of magnitude across the same film. Similarly, the ambipolar diffusion lengths fluctuate significantly in these films, yet there is not much evidence of a corresponding structural change. We attribute this electronic nonuniformity to electrons from the filament reaching insulating substrates and charging the substrate negatively in some regions, thus causing films to grow with inferior material properties in those regions. The effect diminishes with increasing substrate temperature, where the film itself may be conductive enough to remove charge reaching the growing surface. Wellgrounded, conducting substrates seem to be immune from this effect. We reduce this effect by putting a conductive grid on insulating substrates, of close enough spacing to remove the charge, and measure the material properties of the film grown between the conductive elements of the grid.
Survival Advantage Mechanism: Inflammation as a Mediator of Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging on Longevity

Objective Previous studies have found that positive self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with longer survival; however, a biological mechanism was unknown. We examined whether C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of cumulative stress-related inflammation, mediates the relationship between SPA and survival. Method The SPA of participants aged 50 and older in the Health and Retirement Study (N = 4,149) were assessed at baseline. Inflammation was measured by the level of CRP 4 years later. Survival was followed for up to 6 years. Results As hypothesized, CRP mediated the impact of SPA on survival. Following the steps of a mediation analysis, positive SPA at baseline predicted lower CRP after 4 years (β = -.29, p = .03) and longer survival in the 2 years following the CRP measurement (β = .20, p =.003); additionally, lower CRP predicted longer survival, after adjusting for positive SPA (β = -.02, p = .0001). All models adjusted for baseline age, CRP, health, sex, race, and education. Discussion It was found that lower CRP partially mediates the relationship between positive SPA and longer survival. Hence, this study presents a novel pathway to explain the process by which positive SPA extend longevity.
Photoelectrochemical Etching of InxGal-xN

A comparison of KOH, NaOH and AZ400K solutions for UV photo-assisted etching of undoped and n+ GaN is discussed. The etching is diffusion-limited (Ea 1020cm-3) in the material.
Isolation, Socialization, Recreation, and Inclusion of LGBT Elders

As people age, social support systems are essential, especially for LGBT persons who might be at greater risk of social isolation. Each person has a different experience and subsequent propensity for isolation. For many LGBT elders, social inclusion continues to be aspirational, with limited authentic and sustained progress having been made in this area. In this chapter, the influencing issues of socialization and inclusion/exclusion of LGBT elders are examined. The unique circumstances across the life span for LGBT elders that may either help or hinder opportunities for socialization and inclusion are discussed. Social inclusion to successful aging of LGBT elders is reviewed to gain insight into some of the explanations of their withdrawal from social and recreational functions. The significance of family involvement is explored. Finally, policy on social inclusion of elders is presented.
Acute intracranial boxing-related injuries in U.S. Marine Corps recruits: report of two cases.

Serious acute intracranial injuries from boxing are a recognized, albeit rare, event. Acute brain injuries such as concussion, hemorrhage, and contusion are easily recognized because of their rapid onset of neurological impairment. The sequelae of such injuries range from transient diminished cognitive function to irreversible brain damage and, on occasion, death. The more serious injuries are certainly minimized as a result of regulatory policy, improved medical awareness, and the use of safety equipment. The incidence of serious acute head injury in amateur boxing and noncompetitive boxing is lower than that found in the professional ranks. Our survey of instructional boxing in U.S. Marine Corps basic training during an 8-year period detected only three serious acute brain injuries incurred by approximately 180,000 participants, equating to one serious head injury per 60,000 participants. Serious head injuries constituted an extremely small percentage (0.3%) of the approximately 1,100 total boxing-related injuries surveyed during the period. We present two cases of serious acute brain injury incurred during noncompetitive boxing skills instruction as a part of U.S. Marine Corps basic training. A review of the data leads us to conclude that the risk of serious head injury in a well-supervised, instructional boxing program is relatively minimal. In any case, we recommend that any boxing be appropriately supervised and that specialized trauma care and an adequate transport mechanism to secure that care be readily available.
Nanometals and complexes applied in cancer diagnosis and therapy

This research focused on the diagnosis and therapy( abbreviated as theranostics) of cancer using three categories of nanomaterials. These materials are nanostructured metals,transition metal oxides( TMOs) and metal-organic complexes( MOCs),which were produced through wet-chemistry approaches. Due to the advantages of nanotechnology used in the small world,nanomaterials were used to attack cancer cells at the cellular and genetic level with much greater precision and with fewer side effects. Current challenges lie in the metastatic cancers,drug-resistant cancers,and cancer stem cells. Targeted therapy can be achieved with appropriately designed drug delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles,adult stem cells,or [thymus-matured]T cells in immunotherapy. In this paper,authors discussed the above nanomaterials and their use in cancer theranostics. The wet-chemistry synthesis,properties and application of nanoscaled materials with unique topology and porosity demonstrated an effective targeted drug-delivery. These materials with tunable structure,when used in targeted cancer treatment,exhibited long circulation half-life based on size,shape and composition. The efficacy of the nanomaterials in diagnosis and therapy and proposed mechanism of cancer cell inactivation with nanomaterials were discussed to overcome current limitations.
Historical Contribution of Enterprise Accounting System for Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures and Its Inspirations

The Accounting Regulations of the People's Republic of China for the Sino-foreign joint ventures stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of accounting system in China.It has made several new breakthroughs and significant contributions not only in accounting theory but also in practice.It embodies its influence in such fields as politics,economy and law and also brings us some worthwhile and thought-provoking inspirations.
Transcriptional Regulation in a Chromatin Environment

DNA is severely compacted within chromatin, yet complex events such as replication, transcription, recombination and repair all occur with remarkable efficiency. Evolution has been successful in shaping chromatin such that it does not prevent trans-acting factors from gaining access to specific DNA sequences, or hinder polymerases from progressing along the chromatin fibre. Eukaryotic trans-acting factors have evolved to operate in a chromatin environment and histones have evolved to let them function.
Suicide Rates and Methods in Active Duty Military Personnel, 2005 to 2011: A Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Suicide prevention programs have become ubiquitous among military units; identifying temporal trends and nonclinical factors associated with the chosen suicide methods may help improve suicide prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To calculate suicide rates of active duty military personnel and identify those who are at risk for firearm-specific suicide. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Military units in the United States. PATIENTS: All active duty enlisted U.S. military personnel from 2005 to 2011. MEASUREMENTS: Suicide rates per 100 000 were calculated for each branch. Adjusted odds ratios for firearm-specific suicide were calculated with 95% CIs. RESULTS: 1455 military personnel committed suicide from 2005 to 2011. From 2006 to 2011, the rates were highest among army personnel (19.13 to 29.44 cases per 100 000). Among suicides with a known cause of death, 62% were attributed to firearms. The results of this study also suggest that among army personnel or marines who committed suicide, those with infantry or special operations job classifications were more likely than those in noninfantry positions to use a firearm. LIMITATIONS: Results are generalizable only to enlisted personnel and reflect only stateside suicides. Data regarding previous psychiatric illness, deployment history, and firearms ownership were lacking. CONCLUSION: These results may help inform policymakers and advisors about differences in risks of suicide and violent suicide among the armed services and may help guide efforts to prevent self-harm within the military. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None. Language: en
The Kaiser Permanente Labour–Management Partnership: 1997–2013

Labor–management partnerships are hard to sustain over long periods of time. Most encounter and fail to survive some type of crisis such as the turnover of initial champions, a significant change in economic conditions, a change in ownership, the rise of opposition within union or employer ranks, or a breakdown of trust due to some action one or both parties deem inconsistent with partnership principles. In this chapter we present a case study of the Kaiser Permanente (KP) Labor–Management Partnership (LMP), a partnership that has endured as of the time of this writing for 18 years. It has done so even though it has experienced many of the crises listed above—what we and others (Cutcher-Gershenfeld et al. 2015) call “pivotal events.” This is all the more remarkable because the KP LMP stands as the largest and most comprehensive and complex labor–management partnership in American labor history, covering over 100,000 employees, 10 different national unions, and 26 local unions in an industry, health care, that has been undergoing substantial change over the life of the partnership. Moreover, the parties turned around an organization that was losing substantial money and at risk of being disbanded into two separate entities and in which labor–management conflict was escalating toward a crisis point to one that has generated consistent positive financial results, improved the quality of health care delivered, improved employee satisfaction, and become a leader in introducing electronic medical record technologies. As such, it is both the most resilient and perhaps, to date, the most successful labor–management partnership in American history. What follows is a case study of the partnership from its inception in 1997 through 2013, the point our formal tracking of the partnership ended.
PTEN Loss in Gleason Score 3 + 4=7 Prostate Biopsies is Associated with Nonorgan Confined Disease at Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: Men with intermediate risk prostate cancer have widely variable outcomes. Some suggest that active surveillance or less invasive therapies (brachytherapy or focal therapy) may be appropriate for some men with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 disease. Molecular markers may help further distinguish prostate cancers with aggressive behavior. We tested whether loss of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) tumor suppressor in 3 + 4 = 7 tumor biopsies is associated with adverse pathology at prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: We queried prostate needle biopsies from 2000 to 2014 with a maximum Gleason score of 3 + 4 = 7 followed by prostatectomy. A total of 260 cases had PTEN status evaluable by clinical grade immunohistochemistry. Biopsy PTEN status was correlated with preoperative and postoperative clinicopathological parameters.Results: PTEN loss was detected in 27% of 3 + 4 = 7 biopsies. Loss of PTEN was less common in tumors of African American men compared to European American men (9% vs 31%, p = 0.0...
Phonons in Silicon Nanowires

Cubic silicon in bulk form has changed the modern landscape of electronics and electro-optics. The physical and chemical properties of Si are perhaps the best understood of any crystalline solid. It is therefore a crucial crystalline material to research and understand the possibilities for new devices at the nanoscale where quantum confinement phenomena drive the formation of new electronic and phonon states. In this chapter, we focus on phonon properties expected for “confined” Si in the form of nanowires. We review calculations of the phonon dispersion in small diameter nanowires as well as experiments that seek to probe the change in the phonon dispersion and the associated physical properties. Discussion is presented on the observation and interpretation of data on inelastic light scattering from nanowire phonons (Raman and Brillouin Spectroscopy), thermal conductivity and specific heat.
Evolving health care through personal genomics

With the rapid evolution of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies, the cost of sequencing a human genome has plummeted, and genomics has started to pervade health care across all stages of life - from preconception to adult medicine. Challenges to fully embracing genomics in a clinical setting remain, but some approaches are starting to overcome these barriers, such as community-driven data sharing to improve the accuracy and efficiency of applying genomics to patient care.
Measurement of the Am 242 m neutron-induced reaction cross sections

The neutron-induced reaction cross sections of $^{242m}\mathrm{Am}$ were measured at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center using the Detector for Advanced Neutron-Capture Experiments array along with a compact parallel-plate avalanche counter for fission-fragment detection. A new neutron-capture cross section was determined, and the absolute scale was set according to a concurrent measurement of the well-known $^{242m}\mathrm{Am}(n,f)$ cross section. The ($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) cross section was measured from thermal energy to an incident energy of 1 eV at which point the data quality was limited by the reaction yield in the laboratory. Our new $^{242m}\mathrm{Am}$ fission cross section was normalized to ENDF/B-VII.1 to set the absolute scale, and it agreed well with the ($n,f$) cross section reported by Browne et al. (1984) from thermal energy to 1 keV. The average absolute capture-to-fission ratio was determined from thermal energy to ${E}_{n}=0.1$ eV, and it was found to be 26(4)$%$ as opposed to the ratio of $19%$ from the ENDF/B-VII.1 evaluation.
The Issue of Survival and the Human Condition in Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz as Interpreted through the Oxford English Dictionary

Survival in Auschwitz details one man’s experience in the concentration camp at Auschwitz from the winter of 1944 to January 1945 when Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Army. The goal of this essay is to demonstrate how a work of literature can be interpreted through definitions in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
Modeling STT-RAM fabrication cost and impacts in NVSim

Reducing power consumption of computational systems in the use-phase has become a significant focus to decrease thermal impacts and overall energy consumption of computing systems while having battery life benefits for increasingly mobile computing products. It is also a major driver of the sustainability of these systems due to the environmental impacts incurred through electricity generation. STT-RAM is a promising candidate to reduce use-phase power consumption due to its non-volatile data storage that dramatically reduces static power common in deeply scaled CMOS while maintaining high speed operation and excellent CMOS compatibility. However, augmenting CMOS chips with STT-RAM incurs an additional manufacturing cost through the extra materials and fabrication steps necessary to create the chip. In this paper we describe several extensions to the widely used NVSim tool that estimates area, performance, and use-phase power of STT-RAM to include calculations for manufacturing costs and environmental impacts such as energy usage, global warming potential, and other emissions. To demonstrate the value of these NVSim extensions, we provide a case study to experimentally determine the time it takes for replacing a SRAM cache with an ISO-capacity and ISO-area STT-RAM cache to overcome the manufacturing cost overhead. Our results indicate it can take an average of 80 and 160 days, respectively at 100% utilization to recover the manufacturing energy overhead.
Robust Steady-State Targets for Model Predictive Control

Abstract In practice, Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms are typically embedded within a multi-level hierarchy of control functions. The MPC algorithm itself is usually implemented in two pieces: a steady-state target calculation followed by a dynamic optimization. We present a new formulation of the steady-state target calculation that explicitly accounts for model uncertainty. When model uncertainty is incorporated, the linear program associated with the steady-state target calculation can be recast as a semi-definite program (SDP) or a second-order cone program (SOCP). A simulation example illustrates the advantages of the proposed algorithm
Aspects of Peptidylarginine Deiminase Regulation that May Predispose to Autoreactivity Against Citrullinated Proteins

In autoimmune diseases, autoantibody reactivity often targets specific molecular structures of defined self-molecules. In a healthy individual, the immune system learns to disregard self-antigens by an active instructive process called immunological tolerance. Why tolerance is corrupted (“broken”) in autoimmunity has long been a vexing question. The focus of attention has fallen on post-translational modifications of amino acid side chains, as evidence implicates the enzymatic generation of molecular determinants in self-antigens as the main trigger for the induction of autoreactivity. Here, we discuss the evidence that links the enzymatic activity of peptidylarginine deiminase to the initial development of autoimmunity. Notably, deiminase is activated by infections and inflammation to modify self-antigens that are diagnostic for major human autoimmune disorders. We further argue that understanding the regulation of deiminase activity will lead to a better grasp of factors that favor the development of this important class of human diseases.
Lexical accessing for ambiguous words among advanced Chinese L2 learners

This study investigated factors associated with and strategies used by advanced Chinese L2 learners in accessing the meanings of commonly used polysemous words (lexically ambiguous words) in sentential reading. The participants included 26 learners of Chinese from a Midwest university in the US. The results showed that word frequency, meaning frequency of polysemous words, and learners’ knowledge of polysemous words affected successful lexical access in sentential contexts. Learners mainly used five types of strategies to solve lexical ambiguity problems, of which three were more frequently used: contextual cues, the intra-word analysis method, and the dominant meaning cue. Contextual cues were the most frequently used strategy.
Privacy and Responsibility

This article offers an account of the basis of the right to privacy that gives it stronger unity than the accounts currently available. It does so by showing that privacy is necessary for responsibility: one cannot assume responsibility for something without first articulating what it is that one is assuming responsibility for, and the right to privacy protects the “drafting space” in which to articulate it. This implies that we all have a direct stake in each other’s privacy, unlike other accounts of privacy, which focus on why one’s privacy is desirable to oneself. The article then proceeds to show how thinking about the right to privacy in this way can explain some of its features that otherwise appear puzzling and how it provides a theoretical tool for dealing with problems that involve privacy.
Physiological determinants of walking effort in older adults: should they be targets for physical activity intervention?

Older adults do not get enough physical activity increasing risk for chronic disease and loss of physical function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neuromuscular, metabolic, and cardiorespiratory indicators of walking effort explain daily activity in community-dwelling older adults. Sixteen women and fourteen men, 78 ± 8 years, performed a steady-state walk on a treadmill at 1.25 m s−1 while muscle activation, heart rate, lactate, respiratory exchange ratio, oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded as markers of Walking Effort. Daily walking time, sitting/lying time, energy expenditure, and up-down transitions were recorded by accelerometers as markers of Daily Activity. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between the latent variables Walking Effort and Daily Activity controlling for age and BMI. Participants spent 9.4 ± 1.9 h of the waking day sedentary and 1.9 ± 0.6 h walking. In the structural equation model, the latent variable Walking Effort explained 64% of the variance in the Daily Activity latent variable (β = 0.80, p = 0.004). Walking Effort was identified by heart rate (β = 0.64), ventilation (β = 0.88), vastus lateralis activation (β = 0.49), and lactate (β = 0.58), all p < 0.05, but not RPE or VO2. Daily Activity was identified by stepping time (β = 0.75) and up-down transitions (β = 0.52), all p < 0.05. Walking effort mediated the effects of age and BMI on older adults’ daily activity making physiological determinants of walking effort potential points of intervention.
Race, discrimination, and cardiovascular disease.

Stressful life experience associated with racial and ethnic discrimination can have detrimental effects on the coronary and cardiovascular health of people in historically marginalized groups.
Attachment to God: The Attachment to God Inventory, Tests of Working Model Correspondence, and an Exploration of Faith Group Differences:

Recent theoretical and empirical work by Lee Kirkpatrick and others has suggested that relationship with God can be fruitfully described as an attachment bond. However, this literature has been lim...
Insulin Resistance Probability Scores for Apparently Healthy Individuals.

Context Insulin resistance (IR) can progress to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, timely identification of IR could facilitate disease prevention efforts. However, direct measurement of IR is not feasible in a clinical setting.
A Hierarchical ADMM Based Framework for EV Charging Scheduling

Electric vehicles (EVs) are controllable loads from which distribution grid operator can benefit in order to minimize the load profile variations. In this paper, we proposed a hierarchical distributed optimization framework such that EV management system (EVMS), as a part of distribution grid management system, minimizes the load variance of the grid in communication with the EV aggregators which control EV charging load of the distribution system feeders. The hierarchical distributed framework, based on alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM), increases the scalability of the EV charging infrastructure while decreases computational burden. In our proposed approach, each EV aggregator schedules the EV charging profiles of its feeder in a distributed fashion which avoids sharing the EV owners' desired charging profile information and enables privacy preserving. To show the performance of our approach, we apply it to a case study with 100% EV penetration, including 4 feeders and 60 EVs, and show how the load variance of the system and charging cost of individual EVs decrease.
Creating aging-friendly communities

The common phrase, “home is where the heart is” rings true for most Americans, particularly for those ages 45 and older as nearly 80 percent report preferring to remain in their homes as they age (...
Genotypic analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to understand factors that impact the prevalence of β-lactam-resistant urinary tract infections in a community.

Abstract Objectives To determine the contribution of specific uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) lineages, drug resistance genes, and plasmid incompatibility/replicon (Inc) groups to the prevalence of β-lactam-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a university community. Methods Urine samples were consecutively collected and cultured over a 2-year period from patients presenting to a university health centre with symptoms of UTI. Isolated UPEC were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing and fimH typing, and tested by PCR and sequencing for β-lactamase genes and plasmid Inc groups. Results Among 273 UPEC isolates, 85 (31%) were ampicillin-resistant (AMP-R) and 188 (69%) were susceptible to all β-lactam drugs (AMP-S). Six lineages accounted for two-thirds of the isolates: ST95 (21%), ST69 (11%), ST420 (11%), ST73 (10%), ST127 (8%), and ST404 (3%). ST69 and ST404 were associated with AMP-R (P = 0.003, P = 0.0005), while ST420 and ST127 were associated with AMP-S (P Conclusions These observations indicate that the prevalence of β-lactam-resistant UTIs in this community was largely determined by a limited set of circulating UPEC STs and sublineages, carrying TEM β-lactamase genes that were likely encoded on one of three Inc type plasmids.
Technology and community-engaged research

The purpose of this case study and discussion is to demonstrate how technology can be harnessed to enhance the performance of research teams involved in community-engaged research. Case examples fr...
What a Metal Pipe Can Teach You About Magnetism

Magnets are familiar objects and yet magnetism as a concept remains challenging. A casual search of YouTube for magnets reveals a staggering number of videos, interesting demos involving electric and permanent magnets, and entire channels devoted to various uses for magnets. It is far more difficult to find descriptions that can help students think quantitatively about magnets. The underlying quantum theory of magnetism is usually difficult for students, and even the more vector fields-based classical approach can prove to be challenging. The task, in our opinion, is made easier by learning through experimentation, specifically by exploiting the dipole model of a magnet and using the concept of a magnetic moment to characterize single magnets and magnet assemblies by joining single discs. This work is guided by the idea that a simple experimental setup and a familiar theoretical framework can greatly aid in learning a new concept. In this article we hope to contribute to a growing list of simple experiments suited to a sophomore- or junior-level course in electromagnetism.
Fictitious capital: silk, cotton, and the rise of the Arabic novel,

Elizabeth's Holt Fictitious Capital: Silk, Cotton, and the Rise of the Arabic Novel is a welcome addition to literary studies of the nahḍa, joining and expanding a robustly growing archive. Where r...
Abstract 1652: Evaluating cell lines andorganoidsas models for metastatic cancer through integrative analysis of open genomic data

Metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related death and, as such, there is an urgent need to discover new therapies to treat metastasized cancers. Cancer cell lines are widely-used models to study cancer biology and test drug candidates. However, it is still unknown to what extent they adequately resemble the disease in patients. The recent accumulation of large-scale genomic data in cell lines, mouse models, and patient tissue samples provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the suitability of cell lines for metastatic cancer research. In this work, we used breast cancer as a case study. The comprehensive comparison of the genetic profiles of 57 breast cancer cell lines with those of metastatic breast cancer samples revealed substantial genetic differences. In addition, we identified cell lines that more closely resemble different subtypes of metastatic breast cancer. Surprisingly, a combined analysis of mutation, copy number variation and gene expression data suggested that MDA-MB-231, the most commonly used triple negative cell line for metastatic breast cancer research, had little genomic similarity with Basal-like metastatic breast cancer samples. We further compared cell lines with organoids, a new type of preclinical model which are becoming more popular in recent years. We found that organoids outperformed cell lines in resembling the transcriptome of metastatic breast cancer samples. However, additional differential expression analysis suggested that both types of models could not mimic the effects of tumor microenvironment and meanwhile had their own bias towards modeling specific biological processes. Our work provides a guide of cell line selection in metastasis-related study and sheds light on the potential of organoids in translational research. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ke Liu, Patrick Newbury, Benjamin Glicksberg, William Zeng, Eran Andrechek, Bin Chen. Evaluating cell lines andorganoidsas models for metastatic cancer through integrative analysis of open genomic data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652.
P94. Anterior versus posterior approaches for idiopathic adolescent thoracolumbar scoliosis: a cost comparison

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Adolescent idiopathic thoracolumbar scoliosis (Lenke 5) can be operatively managed with anterior or posterior approaches. Each approach has unique surgical advantages and limitations. PURPOSE To compare direct costs associated with anterior and posterior operations for thoracolumbar scoliosis in children. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Single-center retrospective cohort. PATIENT SAMPLE Adolescents who underwent anterior or posterior operations for thoracolumbar AIS (Lenke 5). OUTCOME MEASURES Total and direct costs. METHODS Consecutive review of adolescents (age>10 years) who underwent anterior or posterior operations for thoracolumbar scoliosis (Lenke 5) at a single institution by a single surgeon. Inclusion criteria included idiopathic scoliosis, curve magnitude >450, and non-structural thoracic scoliosis. Direct costs of the index hospitalization were identified from medical billing data. Not included in direct cost data were charges and surgeon fees. Costs data were stratified and compared based on the surgical approach using non-paired Student T-tests; p RESULTS A total of 17 children (average age 15.3±1.9 years, girls-13, average curve magnitude 51.10±6.20) were analyzed. Ages and curve magnitudes were statistically similar between anterior (n=10; boys 2, girls 8) and posterior (n=7; girls 5) operations. Anterior operations had significantly fewer levels fused (5±0 vs 6±0.9), significantly longer OR times (449±40 v. 308±26 mins), and more patients admitted to ICU post-op (30% vs 14%). While hospital lengths of stay (LOS) (5±2.1 v. 4±0.5 days) were not different, 2 anterior patients had LOS>7 days due to difficult pain control and C. diff colitis. Anterior operations were associated with significantly greater direct costs ($40,161±$3,668 v. $34,469±$7,846). However, when the 2 anterior patients with extended LOS were excluded, direct costs were not statistically different (anterior: $39,990±$3,855 v. posterior: $34,469±$7,846). In addition to room/board and ICU care, supplies/instrumentation, and operating room services were major drivers of cost irrespective of approach. CONCLUSIONS For thoracolumbar AIS treated by anterior or posterior approaches, major drivers of cost were supplies/instrumentation, OR services, room/board, and ICU. Anterior operations had significantly greater direct costs due to more ICU admissions postoperative and more episodes of prolonged LOS. Minimizing LOS, ICU admissions, and postoperative complications are important to contain costs. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
The Effect of Sport-Related Concussion Injuries on Concussion Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Male and Female Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Study

Background:Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are associated with short-term disablement, characterized as increased concussion symptoms and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the...
Measuring student engagement in the undergraduate general chemistry laboratory

In this study a survey was developed to investigate students’ engagement during general chemistry laboratory sessions. Aspects of engagement surveyed included cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement, and the survey items were focused on activities during the pre-laboratory introduction, laboratory procedures, and data collection. Exploratory factor analysis of the results was conducted to determine the various underlying factors in the survey, and the scores of the general chemistry laboratory students along these underlying factors were compared. The findings supported the various dimensions of engagement reported in the literature.
Transformation of N-Methylamine Drugs during Wastewater Ozonation: Formation of Nitromethane, an Efficient Precursor to Halonitromethanes.

Potable reuse of wastewater is expanding, and ozonation for water reuse is becoming more common, either as a preoxidant before membranes or as part of ozone/biological activated carbon (O3/BAC) sys...
Nonlocal superconducting quantum interference device

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) that incorporate two superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) Josephson junctions in a closed loop form the core of some of the most sensitive detectors of magnetic and electric fields currently available. SQUIDs in these applications are typically operated with a finite voltage which generates microwave radiation through the ac Josephson effect. This radiation may impact the system being measured. We describe here a SQUID in which the Josephson junctions are formed from strips of normal metal (N) in good electrical contact with the superconductor (S). Such SNS SQUIDs can be operated under a finite voltage bias with performance comparable or potentially better than conventional SIS SQUIDs. However, they also permit a mode of operation that is based on the unusual interplay of quasiparticle currents and supercurrents in the normal metal of the Josephson junction. The method allows measurements of the flux dependence of the critical current of the SNS SQUID without applying a finite voltage bias across the SNS junction, enabling sensitive flux detection without generating microwave radiation.
Prediction of runway configurations and airport acceptance rates for multi-airport system using gridded weather forecast

Abstract Accurate prediction of real-time airport capacity, a.k.a. airport acceptance rates (AARs), is key to enabling efficient air traffic flow management. AARs are dependent on selected runway configurations and both are affected by weather conditions. Although there have been studies tackling on the prediction of AARs or runway configurations or both, the prediction accuracy is relatively low and only single airport is considered. This study presents a data-driven deep-learning framework for predicting both runway configurations and AARs to support efficient air traffic management for complex multi-airport systems. The two major contributions from this work are 1) the proposed model uses assembled gridded weather forecast for the terminal airspace instead of an isolated station-based terminal weather forecast, and 2) the model captures the operational interdependency aspects inherent in the parameter learning process so that proposed modeling framework can predict both runway configuration and AARs simultaneously with higher accuracy. The proposed method is demonstrated with a numerical experiment taking three major airports in New York Metroplex as the case study. The prediction accuracy of the proposed method is compared with methods in current literature and the analysis results show that the proposed method outperforms all existing methods.
Scalable Tabular Metadata Location and Classification in Large-Scale Structured Datasets

Tabular metadata (i.e. attribute names) location and classification is a fundamental problem for large-scale structured corpora. Web tables [24], CORD-19 [35], have thousands to millions of tables, but often have missing or incorrect labels for rows (or columns) with attribute names (e.g. Last Name). Missing or incorrect metadata labels [19] prevent or at least significantly complicate the fundamental data management tasks such as query processing, data integration, indexing, and many other. Different sources position metadata rows/columns differently inside a table, which makes its reliable identification challenging.
Synchronized Self-Assembly

CHEMISTRY Building macroscopic containers from porous membranes may be easier because of advances in controlling the kinetics of self-assembly.
Real-time, spatially resolved analysis of serotonin transporter activity and regulation using the fluorescent substrate, ASP+

The serotonin transporter (SERT) mediates clearance of serotonin from the synapse, thereby, regulating extracellular serotonin concentrations. Radioligand uptake techniques are typically used to assess SERT function in tissue and heterologous expression systems. The need for sufficient protein in samples, however, requires use of homogenate preparations, potentially masking effects limited to specific cell populations. 4-(4-(dimethylamino)-styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP(+)) is a fluorescent monoamine transporter substrate that has been used for real-time monitoring of dopamine and norepinephrine transporter function in single cells. The present live cell imaging studies examine the utility of ASP(+) for quantifying human SERT function in HEK293 and neuroblastoma cells. We show rapid membrane binding and intracellular ASP(+) accumulation in human SERT-expressing cells. Accumulation is saturable; dependent on temperature and the presence of sodium and chloride in the media, and attenuated by serotonin. Acute or prolonged exposure of cells to serotonin re-uptake inhibitors produces a concentration-dependent decrease in accumulation. Similar effects are produced by protein kinase C activation whereas p38 MAPK activation increases ASP(+) accumulation. These data demonstrate the validity of ASP(+) as a probe for monitoring SERT function in living cells. Alterations in SERT binding and uptake can be quantified in the same cell and use of a within-cell design permits analysis of time-related alterations in SERT function.
Microdeformation of a polydomain, smectic liquid crystalline thermoset

The microdeformation and fracture mechanisms of a densely crosslinked, polydomain, smectic liquid crystalline thermoset (LCT) were investigated in order to gain some insight into its interesting mechanical properties (e.g. improved fracture toughness). A difunctional LC epoxy monomer, diglycidyl ether of 4,4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene (DGDHMS), was crosslinked with the tetrafunctional, aromatic crosslinker, 4,4′-methylene dianiline (MDA) to produce the LCT. Thermoset films (30 μm in thickness) were bonded to copper grids, strained in tension, and observed under the polarizing optical microscope. A new type of microdeformation and fracture mechanism was observed for the smectic LCT. At small strains, numerous microcracks formed which were oriented at various angles to the straining direction. Many smaller isolated and interconnected defects (of the order of a single LC domain, ∼1 μm in size) surrounded and emanated from the crack tips. At larger strains, the microcracks propagated slowly and stably until reaching a critical size of ∼250 μm, at which time they began to widen and change direction, indicative of plastic deformation which extended over many LC domains. Film failure occurred through microcrack interconnection. A fracture mechanism for the LCT is proposed based on microscopic voiding near the crack tip through the failure of individual LC domains.
Accounting for Inequality: A Proposed Revision of the Human Development Index

Human Development Index (HDI) is a country-level measure of social welfare based on national values for average life expectancy, rates of adult literacy and school enrollment, and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Since HDI is based entirely on national averages it can provide only limited information about distribution within countries. The distribution of access to key resources is an important determinant of the effect of health, education and income on both individual well-being and on the aggregate well-being of a population as a whole. This paper makes a case for the importance of inequality to measuring social welfare; presents an original alternative to HDI that includes the distribution of health, education, and income in each country; and reports the results of this inequality-adjusted HDI for 46 countries.
Colon Cancer—Do the Nutritional Epidemiology, the Gut Physiology and the Molecular Biology Tell the Same Story?

Colon carcinogenesis models exist at epidemiologic, physiologic and molecular biologic levels. Thinking about the coherence of such models is useful both to inform colon cancer research and because the reasoning process may be generalizable. The consistent epidemiologic risk factors are low vegetable/fiber and high fat/meat/protein intakes. Others include physical activity, alcohol and reproduction. These epidemiologic risk factors appear to map to physiologic variables that provide mechanistic explanations for the associations: higher bile acids, fiber fermentation and effects of speciflc anticarcinogens found in vegetables
Religion and Sustainability: Social Movements and the Politics of the Environment

Part I: Defining Religion and Sustainability, and Why it Matters 1. The Stakes of Sustainability and its Religious Dimensions 2. Defining the Terms: Religion and Sustainability 3. Sustainability as a contagious meme Part II: The Emergence and Development of Sustainability 4. The Genesis and Globalization of Sustainability 5. The Religious Dimensions of Sustainability at the Nexus of Civil Society and International Politics 6. The Contribution of Natural Sciences and Social Sciences to the Religious Dimensions of Sustainability Part III: The Ethnographic Data and Sustainability Cases 7. Walking Together Separately: Evangelical Creation Care 8. Stories of Partnership: Interfaith Efforts Toward Sustainability 9. The Religious Dimensions of Secular Sustainability 10. Manufacturing or Cultivating Common Ground
Multiresolution Representation of Datasets with Material Interfaces

We present a new method for constructing multiresolution representations of data sets that contain material interfaces. Material interfaces embedded in the meshes of computational data sets are often a source of error for simplification algorithms because they represent discontinuities in the scalar or vector field over mesh elements. By representing material interfaces explicitly, we are able to provide separate field representations for each material over a single cell. Multiresolution representations utilizing separate field representations can accurately approximate datasets that contain discontinuities without placing a large percentage of cells around the discontinuous regions. Our algorithm uses a multiresolution tetrahedral mesh supporting fast coarsening and refinement capabilities; error bounds for feature preservation; explicit representation of discontinuities within cells; and separate field representations for each material within a cell.