cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High transverse momentum meson production with meson and proton beams

Abstract The production in π − p collisions of π 0 's at high g ⊥ and 90° in the c.m. is calculated within a previously advanced parton-free model. The results are consistent with preliminary data, but differ from parton model predictions by orders of magnitude. Some further predictions of the model are also given.
CFD predictions for flow‐regime transitions in bubble columns

This work evaluates the ability of multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to predict known flow regimes in air–water bubble columns. An initial grid-resolution study shows that grid spacing of 0.25 cm or smaller must be used for adequate resolution. The ability of the two-fluid model to predict homogeneous- and transitional-flow behavior is analyzed next, and the flow predictions are found to be highly dependent on the model formulation (that is, bubble-induced turbulence, drag, virtual mass, lift, rotation, and strain). At low gas velocities, homogeneous flow is observed for only a particular set of force models. At higher gas velocities, the same set of models yields reasonable predictions of transitional flow for small columns. Bubble size and liquid coflow also affect flow structures and flow stability at high gas flow rates. Scale-up to larger column diameters is studied for both the homogeneous- and transitional-flow regimes. In the homogeneous regime, the flow behavior is found to be independent of column diameter. However, because of neglect of coalescence, transition to churn-turbulent flow is not observed at high gas velocities for large column diameters. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Relative efficiency of the two-dimensional quasi-factorial design as compared with a randomized-block arrangement when concerned with yields of Irish potatoes.

The two-dimensional quasi-factorial design of plot arrangement was generally more efficient than a randomized-block design when the tests contained 36 or more hypothetical varieties or strains of Irish potatoes.
The role of 1-h physical activity every day in preventing obesity in adolescents in Shandong, China

Several studies have reported that physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are associated with being overweight and obese in children and adults. A new policy of 1-h physical activity (PA) every day was released by the Chinese government. The present study examined the role of 1-h PA every day in preventing obesity in adolescents in Shandong, China. A total of 29,030 students (14,578 boys and 14,452 girls) aged 10–18 years participated in this study. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and skinfold thickness (SFT) of all subjects were measured; body mass index (BMI) of adolescents was calculated from their height and weight, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was obtained according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. All subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 had a PA of more than 1 h/day while group 2 had less than 1 h/day. Comparisons of BMI, WC, SFT, and prevalences of overweight and obesity between the two groups were made. The overall percentages of students in group 1 were 34.29 % in boys and 30.15 % in girls. The prevalences of overweight and obesity for both boys and girls were all significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 in all age categories. In conclusion, 1-h PA every day has a beneficial effect in preventing obesity in adolescents in Shandong, China. These observations highlight the importance of PA in the prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
The forces in a knee brace as a function of hinge design and placement.

Customized knee braces for three normal subjects were instrumented to monitor the forces and moments across the hinges as the subjects performed various activities. The forces and moments were taken to rep resent a mismatch between actual knee motion and the motion the brace sought to impose. The different hinge designs studied were fixed axis, gear-on-gear, rack- and-pinion, and natural 3-D; they showed only moder ate differences in forces. Much larger differences were seen if the hinges were offset 12 mm from the ideal placement. Posterior placement resulted in the least force and anterior placement the highest.The mismatch of knee motion to brace motion would probably lead to abnormal ligament lengths and ten sions and other internal mechanical changes, as well as to pistoning and discomfort. The results of this study have implications on brace design, selection, and place ment.
Uterine circulation time in the pregnant primate, with the uterus and abdomen intact.

SummaryOne important reason for measuring uterine circulation throughout pregnancy lies in the possible relationship between ischemia of the gravid uterus and the late toxemias such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. We have shown a method of calculating uterine circulation by its ability to clear a radiopaque dye injected by means of a Hypospray into the myometrium. It is shown that the technic can be repeated frequently, is painless and attended by no harmful or uncomfortable sequellae. It is being adapted to human studies.
Midwater Trawling Studies in the North Pacific1

A modified version of the Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl was used for 149 exploratory hauls in the Northeastern Pacific at depths ranging from 20 to 250 meters. Catches are discussed in terms of such factors as diurnal migration, seasonal variation, patchiness, and geographic variation. There was wide difference between day and night hauls. Geographic variation was marked. Abundance of plankton and fish decreased with increasing distance from the Washington coast, but increased again just south of the Alaskan peninsula. Northward and seaward there was a decrease in number of fish species. There appeared to be definite correlation between catches and an oceanographic boundary at approximately 50° North. A number of rare fish, one new species, and two leptocephalus larvae were taken. Consistency of results and close relationship of oceanographic and biological data suggest the usefulness of the midwater trawl as a valuable tool for future investigations of plankton ecology.
Untersuchung des Zünd-und Verbrennungsvorganges der nach dem Wirbelkammer- und Luftspeicher-Verfahren arbeitenden Dieselmotoren

Zur Beobachtung der Vorgange im Dieselmotor vor und wahrend der Verbrennung wurden im Rahmen der Forschungsauftrage des Reichsluftfahrt-Ministeriums im Maschinen-Laboratorium der Technischen Hochschule Dresden Modellversuche durchgefuhrt (1935/36) 1). Die Versuche bilden eine Fortsetzung der Arbeit von Holfelder 2). Es wird an dieser Stelle auszugsweise uber solche Arbeiten berichtet, deren Ziel es war, den Einflus der Luftbewegung auf die Strahlentwicklung und Verbrennung bei dem Wirbelkammer- und Luftspeicher-Verfahren zu erfassen.
Transforming information markets: Implications of the digital network economy

The continuing development of digital technology and interconnected digital and global networking are radically transforming media and information markets, cost and value structures, and consumer attitudes and expectations. This is contributing to a shift from a perception of traditional media products as the focus of consumer interest to an interest in content, with the media form of interest only to the degree to which it adds value to media consumption. This suggests a need for media and libraries to shift from thinking of themselves as distributors of specific media (newspaper, radio, TV, books, etc.) to a more generalized provider of access to information. They, as well as emerging cross-media platforms (Internet TV, Mobile TV, Cell TV, etc.) and digital media products, need to focus on not merely on providing valued content, but on identifying and taking advantage of the appropriate content added-value that new products and services bring.
Time-resolved electron beam energy spectrum diagnostics for Vanderbilt FEL

A fast electron energy spectrometer has been built using a photodiode array measuring the backward optical transition radiation from a thin film of aluminum. The resolution of the electron energy spectrometer is about 0.2% with a time resolution of 50 ns. The maximum energy spread that can be measured is 6.4%. We present the measurements of the time-resolved electron beam energy spectrum on the Mark III linear accelerator at Vanderbilt University, while lasing at different wavelengths and while not lasing. We also discuss the effects of different parameters, such as cathode heating, alpha magnet strength and RF phase, on the electron energy spectrum and optical spectrum. The diagnostics of time-resolved electron energy spectrum and time-resolved laser spectrum provide the technology to understand the physical process of the FEL interaction. Based on these diagnostics, the FEL facility can realize some special modes of operation, such as macropulse chirping and macropulse two color lasing.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Can Psychoanalytic Theories Explain the Pakistani Woman? Intrapsychic Autonomy and Interpersonal Engagement in the Extended Family

Are psychoanalytic theories applicable to non-Western cultural settings? This question has been the focus of an ongoing debate, especially among scholars of South Asia, where dependence and community are integral to family dynamics and values. Psychologists and psychiatrists of an earlier era, in their efforts to articulate predominant characteristics of the South Asian psyche, argued that South Asians showed a "weakness" with regard to independence and autonomy (see, for example, Spratt 1966; Carstairs 1957).
Undergraduate Women Who Have Gambled in Casinos: Are They at Risk?

The aim of this study is to describe female undergraduates who have gambled in casinos compared with their peers who have never participated in casino gambling or gambling in any form. Pathological gambling has been linked to financial problems, marital stress, lost time at work and school, depression, and even suicide. Female students (n = 179, mean age 21.64) from a southeastern university are questioned about their gambling behaviors, sensation-seeking traits, and alcohol consumption. Female college students who have participated in casino gambling have higher sensation-seeking scores, higher scores on a measure of gambling severity, consumed alcohol on more occasions over the past 30 days, and have binge drunk more frequently than their peers. Implications are presented for gambling prevention and research.
Accuracy of the modal strain energy method

The modal strain energy (MSE) method is an approximate technique for the approximate analysis of structures with frequency-dependent stiffness and damping matrices. In this paper, the accuracy of this method is investigated by computing the exact and approximate mean square responses of structures containing viscoelastic dampers to random excitation. Closed- form expressions of the mean square error are obtained for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems under linear hysteretic damping and Maxwell-type damping. The accuracy of the MSE method applied to multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures with non-classical viscous damping, hysteretic damping and Maxwell-type damping is investigated.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Group coordinate descent algorithms for nonconvex penalized regression

We consider the problem of selecting grouped variables in linear regression and generalized linear regression models, based on penalized likelihood. A number of penalty functions have been used for this purpose, including the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty and the minimax concave penalty (MCP). These penalty functions, in comparison to the popularly used Lasso, have attractive theoretical properties such as unbiasedness and selection consistency. Although the model fitting methods using these penalties are well developed for individual variable selection, the extension to grouped variable selection is not straightforward, and the fitting can be unstable due to the nonconvexity of the penalty functions. To this end, we propose the group coordinate descent (GCD) algorithms, which extend the regular coordinate descent algorithms. These GCD algorithms are efficient, in that the computation burden only increases linearly with the number of the covariate groups. We also show that using the GCD algorithm, the estimated parameters converge to a global minimum when the sample size is larger than the dimension of the covariates, and converge to a local minimum otherwise. In addition, we demonstrate the regions of the parameter space in which the objective function is locally convex, even though the penalty is nonconvex. In addition to group selection in the linear model, the GCD algorithms can also be extended to generalized linear regression. We present details of the extension using an example of logistic regression. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms are presented through simulation studies and a real data example, in which the MCP based and SCAD based GCD algorithms provide improved group selection results as compared to the group Lasso.
Recollection and familiarity: Examining controversial assumptions and new directions

It is well accepted that recognition memory reflects the contribution of two separable memory retrieval processes, namely recollection and familiarity. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the functional nature and neural substrates of these processes. In this article, we describe a simple quantitative model of recognition memory (i.e., the dual-process signal detection model) that has been useful in integrating findings from a broad range of cognitive studies, and that is now being applied in a growing number of neuroscientific investigations of memory. The model makes several strong assumptions about the behavioral nature and neural substrates of recollection and familiarity. A review of the literature indicates that these assumptions are generally well supported, but that there are clear boundary conditions in which these assumptions break down. We argue that these findings provide important insights into the operation of the processes underlying recognition. Finally, we consider how the dual-process approach relates to recent neuroanatomical and computational models and how it might be integrated with recent findings concerning the role of medial temporal lobe regions in other cognitive functions such as novelty detection, perception, implicit memory and short-term memory.
Understanding resilience in industrial symbiosis networks: Insights from network analysis

Industrial symbiotic networks are based on the principles of ecological systems where waste equals food, to develop synergistic networks. For example, industrial symbiosis (IS) at Kalundborg, Denmark, creates an exchange network of waste, water, and energy among companies based on contractual dependency. Since most of the industrial symbiotic networks are based on ad-hoc opportunities rather than strategic planning, gaining insight into disruptive scenarios is pivotal for understanding the balance of resilience and sustainability and developing heuristics for designing resilient IS networks. The present work focuses on understanding resilience as an emergent property of an IS network via a network-based approach with application to the Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis (KIS). Results from network metrics and simulated disruptive scenarios reveal Asnaes power plant as the most critical node in the system. We also observe a decrease in the vulnerability of nodes and reduction in single points of failure in the system, suggesting an increase in the overall resilience of the KIS system from 1960 to 2010. Based on our findings, we recommend design strategies, such as increasing diversity, redundancy, and multi-functionality to ensure flexibility and plasticity, to develop resilient and sustainable industrial symbiotic networks.
Tether System Designed for Flip-Chip Bonded MEMS

Flip-chip bonding is important to integrate MEMS devices with other components or to make novel devices. The use of tethers when flip-chip bonding is valuable because it enables the release of the MEMS based device prior to bonding. Releasing the device prior to bonding allows the possibility to bond to a substrate that includes materials that are incompatible with the release process, increase yield since any devices lost during release are not bonded, and avoid damage to the bond. This paper presents a set of design rules for devices created with the MUMPs process that can be implemented to allow the device to be tether flip-chip bonded. The rules outline the design of tethers, mechanical stops, and locking bumps, which work as a system to keep the device from slipping or twisting during bonding, but break free from the donor substrate after bonding. Examples of success, reasons for past failures and the solutions are presented.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
83 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDIES IN COARCTATION OF THE AORTA AND THE MARFAN SYNDROME

ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were done on 8 children with coarctation (coarc) of the aorta (Ao), 2-17 yrs., and 8 patients (pts) with Marfan Syndrome (MF), 10-27 yrs. Multiple imaging planes were obtained using a 0.6T super-conducting magnet, and 0.75-1cm thick sections. In the coarc pts, 1 had MRI pre and post surgery, 1 had MRI pre and post balloon angioplasty (BA), 5 had MRI post BA and 1 had MRI pre BA. Precise visualization of the coarc was noted in the 2 pre therapy studies and in the BA pt the MRI coarc diameter correlated with the angiographic diameter. After therapy there was documentation of relief of the coarc on MRI; no aneuryms were seen in the BA pts. In MF, the Ao root, ascending Ao (Asc Ao), Ao arch and descending Ao (Desc Ao) were well delineated. All MF pts had dilation of the Ao root and Asc Ao: none had dilation of the Desc Ao. In both coarc and MF, the sagittal view gave best visualization of the Ao isthmus, Desc Ao and collaterals when present. Asc Ao and arch vessels were best seen on the left anterior oblique and coronal views. Thus, MRI gives excellent visualization of the Asc Ao, Ao arch, and Desc Ao comparable only to invasive angiography. In coarc, MRI allows accurate localization of site of coarc, and non-invasive follow up of treatment. In MF, MRI provides an excellent means of serial evaluation of the aorta.
Evoked responses to clicks and tones of varying intensity in waking adults

Abstract Evoked responses to clicks and tones in three waking adults with normal hearing correspond to the "on-response" of Pauline Davis and consist of a vertex negative peak at 90–150 msec (N 1 ) and a vertex positive peak (P 2 ) at about 180–260 msec. Amplitude of the response to tones shows a clearer decrease with decreasing stimulus intensity than that of clicks. The latency of the response to clicks at all intensities is constant, N 1 peaking at 90 msec and P 2 at 180 msec. At high intensities the latency of the response to tones is 10–15 msec longer than the latency of the response to clicks, an interval corresponding apparently to the time needed by the auditory system to detect the tonal quality of the signal. As intensity is decreased the latency of the response to tones increases, a finding interpreted as reflecting the occurrence of temporal integration of the signal. Some effects which appear attributable to the shape of the modulating envelope of the signal were discussed. Suggestions were made for further refining the measurement of evoked responses to make this method practically applicable for audiometric purposes.
Phase changes in the lipid moieties of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes induced by temperature and protein conformation changes

Lipid alkyl regions in sarcoplasmic membranes were probed with hydrophobic spin labels in the temperature range between 5 and 50 °C. Results indicate that biochemically active preparations undergo transitions at 22 and 40 °C. The first one is associated with a melt of lipid alkyl chains and does not depend on membrane proteins. Evidence is presented that the second transition reflects hydrophobic lipid-protein interactions and the effect of protein conformational changes on the dynamic state of membrane lipids. In addition, proteolytic digestion of surface granular structures does not affect the behavior of lipid-soluble hydrophobic spin labels or the detected lipid-protein interactions. The partitioning of an amphiphilic spin label between polar and apolar regions is affected, however, indicating that some surface proteins interact with the lipids via polar forces.
Measurement of friction factors for the flow of gases in very fine channels used for microminiature Joule-Thomson refrigerators

Abstract The friction factors for the flow of gases in the fine channels used for microminiature Joule-Thomson refrigerators have been measured. The test channels were fabricated using a photolithographic technique. The width of the channels were 130 to 200 microns and the depth 30 to 60 microns. The tests involved both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The results we have obtained show some interesting characteristics of flow resistance for very fine channels. These differ from ones for common pipes because of the large relative roughness and asymmetric roughness.
Value of plasmapheresis in hepatic encephalopathy

Plasmapheresis is used for treating the complications of liver failure. We performed plasmapheresis on 6 children with hepatic encephalopathy resulting from acute hepatic failure and prospectively assessed its effects on neurologic and electrophysiologic (electroencephalography and evoked potentials) function. Clinical improvement was observed in 3 of 6 patients; changes in the serum ammonia value or the results of initial electrophysiologic tests did not predict the patient response. Two patients underwent transplantation after neurologic improvement was produced by plasmapheresis; however, despite plasmapheresis, 4 patients progressed to brain death. Our data demonstrate that plasmapheresis may transiently improve the encephalopathy of acute hepatic failure but is not curative alone. Therefore, plasmapheresis may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of liver failure, potentially improving the pretransplantation status of the patient.
Cyclic Sedimentation Patterns in Middle Ordovician Trenton Group in Central Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT

The carbonate facies of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group show repetitive sequences of micrite, bioclastic limestone, and siliciclastic shale. Five repetitive patterns based on sedimentologic and paleontologic data are present (in ascending order): (1) biosparite, (2) intrabiosparite, (3) pelsparite, (4) micrite, (5) alternating micrite and shale. The biosparite is of peritidal origin and is overlain by a stromatolitic cap. The average sequence thickness is 30-40 cm (12-16 in.). The intrabiosparite is a fining-upward sequence that grades to pelsparite with a micrite cap (total thickness averages 16 cm or 6 in.). This sequence is indicative of intershoal or shoaling conditions. Overlying the intrabiosparite sequence is pelsparite grading into a micrite cap. The pelsparite averages 8 cm (3 in.) in thickness, and is of shallow sublittoral origin. Highly burrowed micrite (2-6 cm or 0.8-2.4 in. thick), with a hardground cap, indicates periodic exposure. The upper unit is a deeper, sublittoral sequence of alternating kerogenic micrite and siliciclastic shale, ranging in thickness from 20 to 90 cm (7.9 to 35.4 in.). This pattern indic tes a deepening of the carbonate shelf into a deeper, anoxic basin below wave base. These sequences are a result of storm deposition as indicated by shell and intraclast lags, by fining-upward trends, and by abrupt contacts between individual sequences. The series of sequences is a result of the decreasing effects of these storms in the deeper water facies. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1919------------
Nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms causing elevated dopamine release and abnormal locomotor behavior

Firing rates of dopamine (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) control DA release in target structures such as striatum and prefrontal cortex. DA neuron firing in the soma and release probability at axon terminals are tightly regulated by cholinergic transmission and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). To understand the role of α6* nAChRs in DA transmission, we studied several strains of mice expressing differing levels of mutant, hypersensitive (leucine 9′ to serine [L9′S]) α6 subunits. α6 L9′S mice harboring six or more copies of the hypersensitive α6 gene exhibited spontaneous home-cage hyperactivity and novelty-induced locomotor activity, whereas mice with an equal number of WT and L9′S α6 genes had locomotor activity resembling that of control mice. α6-dependent, nicotine-stimulated locomotor activation was also more robust in high-copy α6 L9′S mice versus low-copy mice. In wheel-running experiments, results were also bi-modal; high-copy α6 L9′S animals exhibited blunted total wheel rotations during each day of a 9-day experiment, but low-copy α6 L9′S mice ran normally on the wheel. Reduced wheel running in hyperactive strains of α6 L9′S mice was attributable to a reduction in both overall running time and velocity. ACh and nicotine-stimulated DA release from striatal synaptosomes in α6 L9′S mice was well-correlated with behavioral phenotypes, supporting the hypothesis that augmented DA release mediates the altered behavior of α6 L9′S mice. This study highlights the precise control that the nicotinic cholinergic system exerts on DA transmission and provides further insights into the mechanisms and consequences of enhanced DA release.
Sequential Basal Faults in Devonian Dolomite, Nopah Range, Death Valley Area, California

Dolomite crystals from the Lost Burro Formation (Devonian) in the Nopah Range, eastern California, display basal stacking disorder as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Satellites in electron diffraction patterns indicate that stacking of anions and cations is different from that in ideal dolomite. This example conforms to the model of basal defects proposed by Goldsmith and Graf in 1958 to explain nonstoichiometry in dolomite. This dolomite from the Nopah Range was formed by deep burial replacement of micritic limestone, and its peculiar superstructure is tentatively attributed to the late diagenetic conditions during replacement.
The treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome

The twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is the most common serious complication of monochorionic twin gestations, affecting between 4% and 35% of monochorionic twin pregnancies each year in the United States. The TTTS accounts for 17% of all perinatal mortality associated with twin gestations. Standard therapy in the United States has most commonly been serial amnioreduction, which appears to improve the overall outcome. Intertwin microseptostomy similarly improves outcome but has no survival advantage over serial amnioreduction. Survivors of TTTS treated by serial amnioreduction have an 18% to 26% incidence of sonographically detectable brain abnormalities. Selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of chorioangiopagus has emerged as an alternative treatment strategy in TTTS with at least comparable if not superior survival to serial amnioreduction. The superiority of fetoscopic laser treatment of TTTS remains unproven and is the subject of a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored prospective randomized clinical trial comparing aggressive serial amnioreduction with selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for severe TTTS.
Is your phylogeny informative? Measuring the power of comparative methods

Phylogenetic comparative methods have become all but ubiquitous in only a few decades, forcing us to reconsider if information from a phylogenetic tree can justify the results. Existing approaches to this question have been inadequate and do not scale with tree size or the ability to resolve branches. For instance, selection between phylogenetic models typically based on information criteria fails to adequately reflect this uncertainty, and can lead to preference for arbitrarily complicated models. Common measures of phylogenetic signal tend to characterize the goodness-of-fit of a Brownian motion model to the data, rather than indicate whether the data is sufficient to confidently distinguish between different hypotheses. We present a Monte Carlo based approach that allows us to reliably select models of the appropriate complexity and identify when a given phylogenetic tree contains insufficient information to test the hypothesis. We conclude that researchers should not assume a model such as Brownian motion a priori but test alternate hypotheses; not test for correlations between traits and branch lengths before applying a phylogenetic model but rather analyze the power of the tree to identify the chosen model from the alternative hypotheses.
Androgenic regulation of phosphorylation and stability of nucleolar protein nucleolin in rat ventral prostate.

Nucleolin is an abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein which has been implicated as a factor in various stages of ribosome synthesis, including transcription. Since androgens exert a profound effect on the rRNA synthesis in the target organ prostate, we have examined the nature of androgenic regulation of the amount and phosphorylation of nucleolin in this tissue. Phosphorylation of prostatic nucleolin is catalyzed in part by heparin-sensitive casein kinase 2 (CK-2) and by another (heparin-insensitive) protein kinase. Both the amount and phosphorylation of prostatic nucleolin are profoundly sensitive to androgens. Rapid reduction in the level and phosphorylation of nucleolin occurs following androgen deprivation, which corresponds to the ensuing cessation of prostatic growth leading to involution. Further, the loss of nucleolin phosphorylation and its degradation appear to be concordant. Administration of a single injection of 5α-dihydrotestosterone to castrated animals causes an early increase in the amount and phosphorylation of nucleolin, starting in the prereplicative phase in the prostatic cell nucleus. These data suggest that early androgenic regulation of nucleolin expression and phosphorylation may play a role in nucleolar control mechanisms relevant to prostatic cell growth. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bluff-body flow simulations using hybrid RANS/LES.

The Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modeling approaches are examined for the incompressible flow over a square cross-section cylinder at a Reynolds number of 21,400. A compressible flow code is used which employes a second-order Roe upwind spatial discretization. Efforts are made to assess the numerical accuracy of the DES predictions with regards to statistical convergence, iterative convergence, and temporal and spatial discretization error. Three-dimensional DES simulations compared well with two-dimensional DES simulations, suggesting that the dominant vortex shedding mechanism is effectively two-dimensional. The two-dimensional simulations are validated via comparison to experimental data for mean and RMS velocities as well as Reynolds stress in the cylinder wake. The steady-state RANS models significantly overpredict the size of the recirculation zone, thus underpredicting the drag coefficient relative to the experimental value. The DES model is found to give good agreement with the experimental velocity data in the wake, drag coefficient, and recirculation zone length.
Load Monitoring of Aerospace Structures Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

The National Research Council of Canada has developed Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) test platforms for load and damage monitoring, sensor system testing and validation. One of the SHM platform consists of two 2.25 meter long, simple cantilever aluminium beams that provide a perfect scenario for evaluating the capability of a load monitoring system to measure bending, torsion and shear loads. In addition to static and quasi-static loading procedures, these structures can be fatigue loaded using a realistic aircraft usage spectrum while SHM and load monitoring systems are assessed for their performance and accuracy. In this study, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), consisting of triads of gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers, were used to compute changes in angles at discrete stations along the structure. A Least Squares based algorithm was developed for polynomial fitting of the different data obtained from the MEMS installed in several spatial locations of the structure. The angles obtained from the MEMS sensors were fitted with a second, third and/or fourth order degree polynomial surface, enabling the calculation of displacements at every point. The use of a novel Kalman filter architecture was evaluated for an accurate angle and subsequent displacement estimation. The outputs of the newly developed algorithms were then compared to the displacements obtained from the Linear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDT) connected to the structures. The determination of the best Least Squares based polynomial fit order enabled the application of derivative operators with enough accuracy to permit the calculation of strains along the structure. The calculated strain values were subsequently compared to the measurements obtained from reference strain gauges installed at different locations on the structure. This new approach for load monitoring was able to provide accurate estimates of applied strains and loads.Copyright © 2012 by Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada
A solution NMR investigation into the murine amelogenin splice-variant LRAP (Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Protein)

Abstract Amelogenins are the dominant proteins present in ameloblasts during the early stages of enamel biomineralization, making up > 90% of the matrix protein. Along with the full-length protein there are several splice-variant isoforms of amelogenin present including LRAP (Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Protein), a protein that consists of the first 33 and the last 26 residues of full-length amelogenin. Using solution-state NMR spectroscopy we have assigned the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum of murine LRAP (rp(H)LRAP) in 2% acetic acid at pH 3.0 by making extensive use of previous chemical shift assignments for full-length murine amelogenin (rp(H)M180). This correlation was possible because LRAP, like the full-length protein, is intrinsically disordered under these solution conditions. The major difference between the 1H-15N HSQC spectra of rp(H)M180 and rp(H)LRAP was an additional set of amide resonances for each of the seven non-proline residues between S12* and Y12 near the N-terminus of rp(H)LRAP indicating that the N-terminal region of LRAP exists in two different conformations. Analysis of the proline carbon chemical shifts suggests that the molecular basis for the two states is not a cis-trans isomerization of one or more of the proline residues in the N-terminal region. Starting from 2% acetic acid, where rp(H)LRAP was monomeric in solution, NaCl addition effected residue specific changes in molecular dynamics manifested by the reduction in intensity and disappearance of 1H-15N HSQC cross peaks. As observed for the full-length protein, these perturbations may signal early events governing supramolecular self-assembly of rp(H)LRAP into nanospheres. However, the different patterns of 1H-15N HSQC cross peak perturbation between rp(H)LRAP and rp(H)M180 in high salt suggest that the termini may behave differently in their respective nanospheres, and perhaps, these differences contribute to the cell signaling properties attributable to LRAP but not to the full-length protein.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of transition metal-magnesium hydride thin films

Mixed metal thin films containing magnesium and a first-row transition element exhibit very large changes in both reflectance and transmittance on exposure to hydrogen gas. Changes in electronic structure and coordination of the magnesium and transition metal atoms during hydrogen absorption were studied using dynamic in situ transmission mode X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Mg K-edge and Ni, Co, and Ti L-edge spectra reflect both reversible and irreversible changes in the metal environments. A significant shift in the nickel L absorption edge shows it to be an active participant in hydride formation. The effect on cobalt and titanium is much less dramatic, suggesting that these metals act primarily as catalysts for formation of magnesium hydride.
Role of Receptor Phosphorylation in Desensitization and Internalization of the Secretin Receptor

The secretin receptor is prototypic of a recently described family of G protein-coupled receptors. We recently demonstrated its phosphorylation in response to agonist stimulation and elimination of this covalent modification by C-terminal truncation (F. Ozcelebi et al. (1995) Mol. Pharmacol. 48, 818-824). Here, we explore the functional impact of receptor phosphorylation and structural determinants for desensitization by comparing receptor behavior after agonist exposure in cell lines expressing wild-type and truncated receptor. To characterize receptor internalization, a novel fluorescent full agonist, [rat secretin-27]-Gly-rhodamine, was developed, which bound specifically and with high affinity. Both receptor constructs bound secretin normally, leading to normal G protein coupling and cAMP accumulation and prompt receptor internalization. Exposure to 10 nM secretin for 5 min or 12 h prior to washing and restimulation with a full range of concentrations demonstrated absent cAMP responses in wild-type receptor-bearing cells and responses 25 to 30% of control and shifted 1 order of magnitude to the right in the truncated receptor-bearing cells. Thus, the major mechanism of desensitization was phosphorylation-independent receptor internalization. Phosphorylation was associated with a distinct process that likely represents interference with G protein coupling, manifest as a reduced rate of cAMP stimulation. Thus, dual distinct mechanisms of desensitization exist in the secretin receptor family that should help protect receptor-bearing cells from overstimulation.
Opossums and Leopard Frogs Consume the Federally Endangered American Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

The American burying beetle (ABB), Nicrophorus americanus Olivier, has disappeared from more than 90% of its historic range and has been listed as federally endangered since 1989. Prior to its listing, relatively few studies existed documenting ABB ecology and interactions with other animals, including its potential vertebrate predators. Bedick et al. (1999) documented a predation event by a blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata L. Walker and Hoback (2006) presented circumstantial evidence of predation by a bat of a beetle that was equipped with a radio transmitter. Shrews that fall into pitfall traps occasionally eat American burying beetles (W. W. Hoback, personal observation). Further evidence of potential predation by shrews was found in an illustration of a masked shrew consuming an American burying beetle (Zim and Hoffmeister 1955). Herein, we document video surveillance of predation of American burying beetle by Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana (Kerr), and pronota and elytra of ABB in feces of the northern plains leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens Schreber. We conducted two studies in the northeastern region of Nebraska’s Sandhills utilizing camcorders to record carrion beetle activity at night on rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout) carcasses. The rat carcasses (approximately 300 g) were secured and could not be buried or removed from the site; however, beetles and some other animals could freely enter or exit the bait stations. Similar stations were used in 2010, but cages were used to eliminate access by opossums. The cages kept opossums out, but did not deter northern plains leopard frogs. Over 230 hrs of video were captured in 2009 and over 500 hrs in 2010, providing novel ABB footage and the opportunity to make behavioral observations. American burying beetle mortality caused by an opossum was confirmed by a video recorded on the
Vaccination against poliomyelitis: present possibilities and future prospects.

As long as the World Health Organization continues to report that more than 250,000 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis occur annually in developing countries, the United States must be prepared for periodic exposures to wild virus.' Until poliomyelitis is brought under control throughout the world, it behooves us to maintain a high level of vaccine-induced immunity. Hinman and his colleagues from the federal Centers for Disease Control, in the first paper in this series,2 document how well this has been achieved in the nation through the widespread use of OPV. From more than 20,000 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis in 1952, we now have a situation where endogenous wild poliovirus seems to have disappeared from the United States; and when the few imported cases are considered, there is virtually no spread of virus from them. Unfortunately, OPV, like other vaccines, is not perfect, although it is more nearly perfect than most. About five or six vaccine-associated cases now occur per year. Over the past 15 years more cases have occurred in contacts, particularly household contacts, than in the vaccinees. This is not surprising since it was known even before licensing that the virus excreted by vaccinated children was less attenuated than the vaccine itself, having regained some neurovirulence in monkey tests.3 At that time, some recommended that families be vaccinated as units, to avoid exposing susceptibles to mutated virus from the vaccinee. Had that been done, contact cases would have been avoided. The issues raised by the foregoing Hinman/Salk papers2'4 hinge on the possible shift in immunization policy from OPV to IPV. One of the public health axioms on which I was brought up is that if a large-scale program is working wellsuch as reducing the burden of paralytic polio from 20,000 cases per year to less than 10 per year-it should not be tinkered with unless we are certain that the resultant effect will be an improvement. Ifwe had used IPV, it is doubtful that we would have been as successful as the Dutch and the Scandinavians-and even those homogenous populations with their excellent vaccine coverage have had some outbreaks during recent years which, if extrapolated to our large population, would have meant many hundreds of paralytic cases and over a million carriers of wild virus. There is reason to consider a properly timed combination of both IPV and OPV. Such a program would not have any possibility of raising the risk of OPV-associated poliomyelitis and indeed may eliminate cases altogether. Combined IPV/OPV vaccine regimens have proven successful in the tropics where the local population had been subjected to regular and high importation of virus from neighboring countries, resulting in frequent wild virus challenge very early in infancy5'6 In such environments, the killed poliovac-
The immunobiology of eosinophils--it's a whole new world out there: an interview with Dr. Peter F. Weller.

The manuscript “Eosinophils mediate early alum adjuvant-elicited B cell priming and IgM production” was selected as a Pivotal Advance because it addresses an important and novel function of mouse eosinophils. Although eosinophils are traditionally perceived as end-stage degranulating cells, the results of numerous recent studies have broadened our perspective on eosinophil effector function. In this work, Wang and Weller demonstrate that eosinophils stimulate early B cell responses, notably the production of antigen-specific IgM.
Relationship between [125I]RTI-55-labeled cocaine binding sites and the serotonin transporter in rat placenta

We investigated the characteristics of cocainelike binding sites in rat placenta using [125I]RTI-55. [3H]paroxetine binding and immunocytochemical staining for serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)...
Theoretical study of variation of propagation constant in a cylindrical waveguide due to chirality: chiro-phase shifting

We discuss a conceptual idea for a reciprocal phase shifting using chiral materials. Such phase shifters, which can be called chiro-phase shifters, may, in principle, consist of a general cylindrical waveguide in which a thin chiral rod is inserted longitudinally. A standard commonly used perturbation technique is utilized to analyze theoretically the effects of a chiral rod's parameters (and in particular its chirality admittance) on propagation constants of guided modes in such waveguides. A simple expression relating the relative change of propagation constants to other relevant quantities such as polarization characteristics of unperturbed guided modes, material parameters of chiral rod, and location of the rod is presented, and the case of a circular metallic chiro-phase shifter is discussed in some detail. Physical insights into the results are also provided. >
L@S 2014 demo: best practices for MOOC video

UC Berkeley's CS10 course captures high-definition lectures featuring a unique overlay of the professor over slides. This paper is a brief overview of the demo we presented at L@S 2014. We'll also go into other forms of video we incorporate into the class. Finally, we'll present tips and tricks we've learned in both the pre-production and production stages of the video process.
Almost every sequence integrates

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a first-return integration process which yields the Lebesgue integral of a bounded measurable function f: I → R defined on a compact interval I. The process itself, which has a Riemann flavor, uses the given function f and a sequence of partitions whose norms tend to 0. The “first-return” of a given sequence \( \bar x \) is used to tag the intervals from the partitions. The main result of the paper is that under rather general circumstances this first return integration process yields the Lebesgue integral of the given function f for almost every sequence \( \bar x \).
A Privacy-Preserving Framework for Integrating Person-Specific Databases

Many organizations capture personal information, but the quantity of records needed to detect statistically significant patterns is often beyond the grasp of a single data collector. In the biomedical realm, this problem has pressed regulatory agencies to require funded investigators to share research-derived data to public repositories. The challenge; however, is that shared records must not reveal the identity of the subjects. In this paper, we extend a secure framework in which data holders contribute and query encrypted person-specific data stored on a third party's server. Specifically, we develop protocols that enable data holders to merge personal records, thus creating larger profiles and diminishing duplication. The repository administrator can merge records via encrypted identifiers without decrypting or inferring the contents of the joined records. Our model is more practical than prior secure join methods because each data holder needs only a single interaction with the central repository. We further present an extension to the protocol that permits the revelation of k-anonymous demographics, such that the administrator can perform joins more efficiently with the guarantee that each record can be linked to no less than k individuals in the population. We prove the privacy preserving features of our protocols and experimentally evaluate their efficiency in a real world Census dataset.