cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Family Communication Patterns and Conflict Between Young Adults and Parents

Young adults in Japan (n = 173) and the United States (n = 131) completed surveys including Ritchie and Fitzpatrick's (1990) revised family communication patterns instrument, Rahim's (1983) conflict styles scale modified for the family setting, and a family communication satisfaction measure. Individual preferences for each conflict strategy (i.e., integrating, compromising, dominating, obliging, and avoiding) were examined in relation to his or her cultural background and family communication patterns. Results showed that the consensual family type was most common in the United States, while the laissez-faire family type was most common in Japan. Across cultures, high conversation orientation was associated with the young adult's preference for integrating and compromising strategies in conflict with their parents, while high conformity orientation was associated with avoiding and obliging strategies. A strong positive correlation between conversation orientation and communication satisfaction was observ...
Innovation-related data in bureau of economic analysis international economic surveys

This paper describes innovation-related data available from international economic surveys conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. These data are collected in conjunction with the international transactions accounts of the United States and in surveys of the operations of multinational companies (MNCs). The paper focuses on five innovation-related series: receipts and payments of royalties and license fees; exports and imports of research, development, and testing services; sales of services by foreign affiliates classified in the research and development services industry; MNC RD and MNC R&D employment.
The relationship between corpuscles of stannius and serum electrolyte regulation in killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus.

Corpuscles of Stannius were surgically removed from male killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, acclimated to one third Long Island Sound sea water. Asthenia and kidney stone formation were observed. An increase in serum total and dialytic calcium, chloride and potassium and a decrease in serum sodium and inorganic phosphate were evident. No change in serum magnesium was observed. Injections of homogenates of codfish corpuscles of Stannius into intact male killifish adapted to fresh or sea water produced a significant decrease in serum total calcium in sea water fish only.
A gelatin-specific protease from hamster lung-derived cell cultures.

Gelatin-specific protease activity from hamster lung fibroblasts and their culture media is described. The fibroblasts were derived from hamster lung explant cultures. The gelatin-specific protease activity is latent and seen only after dialysis of either cells or media. The enzyme activity shares many properties of previously reported gelatinases. The activity is inhibited by EDTA, cysteine, and dithioerythritol, whereas it is not inhibited byp-chloromecuribenzoate,N-ethyl maleimide, or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Of all substrates tested, activity was observed only against gelatin and not against other substrates tested. It was inactive toward collagen, elastin, and methemoglobin. This enzyme may have a role in the digestion of collagen that has been previously cleaved by mammalian collagenase.
Men and Their Bodies: The Relationship between Body Type and Behavior

Empirical evidence concerning possible relationships between male body type and men's intelligence, sense of masculinity, and social behavior is reviewed. Particular attention is focused on the muscular male and on whether or not he differs in any important way from the male with a stereotypically less masculine body. The most reasonable conclusion to be drawn from the evidence available is that any association between physique and behavior is very weak, that stereotypical perceptions and expectations cloud the relationships, and that replication and extension of existing work is needed.
The reception of suzanne briet in the United States

Editor's Summary A library pioneer of the mid-20th century, Suzanne Briet was a driving force in expanding and modernizing library service and early information science in France. She is most well known for insightful writings on the concepts of bibliography and of documents and documentation. Despite international connections, Briet's writings, almost exclusively in French, received little recognition in the United States during her lifetime. One influential commentator's review suggested misunderstanding of her key ideas. But historical interest in information science, largely from within ASIS&T, and translation and online distribution of her seminal writings have renewed scholarly interest in Briet's work and established a place for her among notable information scientists.
Nuclear power for clean, safe and secure energy independence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review technologies for nuclear power and to assess their suitability in pursuit of clean, safe and secure energy independence.Design/methodology/approach – Technologies and potentials associated with the industry standard, light water reactors (LWR), as well as fast breeder reactors and TRISO‐fueled reactors, are reviewed. The key features and issues include: waste disposal and toxicity, heat pollution, vulnerability to terrorist attack, proliferation of weapon materials, global fuel depletion, safety, and cost.Findings – The paper finds that, on balance, TRISO‐fueled reactors with helium as coolant offer solutions to the issues causing public nuclear concerns, and since they have significant cost benefits they should be the design of choice for new installations.Originality/value – Nuclear power can make a contribution to rising energy demands but raise many concerns. This paper considers the principal types of nuclear reactors and analyzes them for their potent...
Proof of the planar double bubble conjecture using metacalibration methods

We prove the double bubble conjecture in R 2 : that the standard double bubble in R 2 is boundary length-minimizing among all figures that separately enclose the same areas. Our independent proof is given using the new method of metacalibration, a generalization of traditional calibration methods useful in minimization problems with fixed volume constraints.
BAP1 facilitates diagnostic objectivity, classification, and prognostication in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Summary BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has emerged as a promising biomarker for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Loss of BAP1 expression can occur by a variety of mechanisms, but reports on incidence are variable and the clinical significance is unclear. In order to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of BAP1, we constructed a tissue microarray consisting of 111 MPM cases and performed BAP1 immunohistochemistry. BAP1 was lost in 77% of epithelioid cases (n = 58) but was retained in all sarcomatoid cases (n = 10); 49% of biphasic cases showed loss (n = 43), and BAP1-negative cases demonstrated loss of staining in both the epithelioid and sarcomatoid components. All non-neoplastic mesothelial tissues (n = 20) retained BAP1, resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 61%, 100%, 100%, and 32%, respectively. Moreover, BAP1 expression in spindled mesothelium enabled discrimination of reactive and malignant cells, thus providing a more objective means of distinguishing epithelioid from biphasic morphology compared to histology alone. Nonetheless, BAP1 staining was patchy in some benign mesothelial neoplasms, which raises concern for using BAP1 in small biopsies. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival with BAP1 loss, but this did not reach significance in multivariate analysis accounting for histologic subtype. When only epithelioid cases were analyzed there was a trend toward increased survival, but it did not reach significance. We conclude that BAP1 loss is frequent in epithelioid MPM, which is in turn associated with improved survival, and that it can have additional clinical significance by facilitating histologic classification.
Mycological culture in microchannels

A new method is described for the culture of fungi in static conditions. This system uses microscale structures (e.g. microchannels) as enclosed culture chambers for fungi. Devices are constructed with channels of variable scale to form three dimensional culture containment vessels capable of orientation in any plane. Preliminary results of morphological identification are presented.
Mathematical Models in Marketing

For a marketing situation, mathematical models are developed expressing the relation between net revenue and the variables that affect it. These models are extensions of the ones discussed by Mills, and Krishnan and Gupta. Mills assumed that each competitor has only one controllable variable, viz., promotional effort. Krishnan and Gupta obtained equilibrium solutions for two competitors, each having two controllable variables. This paper deals with multicompetitors and discusses four models when the market potential is independent of both price and promotional effort and when it is dependent on either or both of the controllable variables.
The Link Between Couples’ Pregnancy Intentions And Behavior: Does It Matter Who Is Asked?

CONTEXT: Previous studies have linked pregnancy intentions with some pregnancy-related behaviors and infant health outcomes. However, most have used only women’s reports of intentions and examined only maternal behaviors. METHODS: Baseline data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (1998–2000) are used to examine whether parents of newborns considered abortion upon learning of the pregnancy and whether this measure of pregnancy intention is associated with their behaviors during pregnancy or with infant birth weight. Associations between outcomes and each parent’s pregnancy intention are explored with multivariate probit regressions or least squares regressions for 737 married and 2,366 unmarried couples. RESULTS: If at least one parent considered abortion, unmarried mothers had a significantly reduced probability of initiating early prenatal care, and unmarried fathers had a significantly reduced probability of providing cash or in-kind support during the pregnancy. The proportion of mothers receiving care in the first trimester was 12 percentage points lower when the mother only or both parents considered abortion than when neither parent did; depending on which parent reported on fathers’ support during pregnancy, the proportion of fathers who provided cash or in-kind assistance was 6–10 percentage points lower when the father only considered abortion and 6–14 points lower when both parents considered abortion than when neither did. CONCLUSIONS: Future research on pregnancy intentions should incorporate both men and women. Understanding men’s pregnancy intentions and their associations with early support of mothers may inform discussions of how to encourage men’s involvement in family planning, prenatal health care and parenting.
Using moments to reduce object recognition to a one-dimensional search

The three-dimensional affine transformation of an object is recovered by using second- and third-order moments. Using moments eliminates the need for feature detection. This technique should be more robust than other methods using higher-order moments. The moment equations containing the parameters are solved by successively zeroing various moments. This technique requires finding the minimum of a multiple-valued function defined for angles in the interval (0, pi ). This result reduces the recognition of objects having different scales, orientations, and shears to a one-dimensional search along a finite interval. In tests, this method successfully recovers the affine transformations of objects. >
From Cultural Exchange to Transculturation: A Review and Reconceptualization of Cultural Appropriation

Cultural appropriation is often mentioned but undertheorized in critical rhetorical and media studies. Defined as the use of a culture’s symbols, artifacts, genres, rituals, or technologies by members of another culture, cultural appropriation can be placed into 4 categories: exchange, dominance, exploitation, and transculturation. Although each of these types can be understood as relevant to particular contexts or eras, transculturation questions the bounded and proprietary view of culture embedded in other types of appropriation. Transculturation posits culture as a relational phenomenon constituted by acts of appropriation, not an entity that merely participates in appropriation. Tensions exist between the need to challenge essentialism and the use of essentialist notions such as ownership and degradation to criticize the exploitation of colonized cultures. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00277.x Cultural appropriation, defined broadly as the use of a culture’s symbols, artifacts, genres, rituals, or technologies by members of another culture, is inescapable when cultures come into contact, including virtual or representational contact. Cultural appropriation is also inescapably intertwined with cultural politics. It is involved in the assimilation and exploitation of marginalized and colonized cultures and in the survival of subordinated cultures and their resistance to dominant cultures. This essay synthesizes existing literature from critical/cultural studies and related areas to (re)conceptualize cultural appropriation not only for critical analyses of media, rhetoric, and commodification but also for intercultural communication theory and pedagogy. Cultural appropriation is often mentioned in critical analyses of media representations and commodifications of marginalized and/or colonized cultures. Although such works in critical/cultural studies often use the notion of cultural appropriation, the concept is frequently used without significant discussion or explicit theorizing (exceptions are discussed below). Therefore, although cultural
Effects of antioxidants and the solid component on the thermal stability of polyol-ester-based thermal pastes

The thermal stability of polyol-ester-based thermal pastes is evaluated by weight loss, viscosity and thermal contact conductance measurements. A high degree of thermal stability has been attained by using a half-hindered phenolic primary antioxidant and a thiopropionate secondary antioxidant. By using either carbon black or boron nitride particles as the solid component, a thermally conductive paste with a high degree of thermal stability has been attained. The antioxidants cause the residual weight (excluding the solid component) after oven aging at 200 °C for 24 h to increase from 36 to 97 wt.%. They cause the viscosity not to increase upon heating and they reduce the thermal cracking tendency. They do not affect the thermal contact conductance measured across mating surfaces that sandwich the paste. The use of a fully-hindered phenolic primary antioxidant is less effective. Both carbon black and boron nitride serve as antioxidants in the presence of either primary antioxidant or secondary antioxidant at 200 °C, though, in most cases, they degrade the thermal stability in the presence of both primary and secondary antioxidants, particularly at 220 °C. Below 180 °C and in the presence of primary and secondary antioxidants, boron nitride is particularly effective in promoting the thermal stability. Boron nitride paste shows an estimated lifetime of 19 years at 100 °C, compared to 1.3 years for the carbon black paste, and 0.10 year for commercial polyol-ester-based Arctic Silver 5. Carbon black paste has a lower tendency for cracking after heating than boron nitride paste, due to the low volume fraction of the solid component.
Inductance 101: analysis and design issues

With operating frequencies approaching the gigahertz range, inductance is becoming an increasingly important consideration in the design and analysis of on-chip interconnect. In this paper, we give a tutorial overview of the analysis and design issues related to on-chip inductance effects.We explain the complexity of the current flow in VLSI circuits. We discuss the applicability of the PEEC approach in a detailed circuit model of the signal and power grid interconnect, switching devices, power pads and the package. Fur-ther, we explain techniques that can be used to speed-up simulation of the large PEEC model. We then discuss a simplified model that uses the so-called loop inductance approach, and compare it with the detailed model.We present experimental results, obtained from simulations of industrial circuits, for both the PEEC and loop models. We also cover design techniques that can help tackle the on-chip inductance issues.
Molecular Pathways: IDH2 Mutations, Co-opting Cellular Metabolism for Malignant Transformation

Mutations in mitochondrial IDH2, one of the three isoforms of IDH, were discovered in patients with gliomas in 2009 and subsequently described in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, chondrosarcoma, and intrahepatic chloangiocarcinoma. The effects of mutations in IDH2 on cellular metabolism, the epigenetic state of mutated cells, and cellular differentiation have been elucidated in vitro and in vivo. Mutations in IDH2 lead to an enzymatic gain of function that catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to beta-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Supranormal levels of 2-HG lead to hypermethylation of epigenetic targets and a subsequent block in cellular differentiation. AG-221, a small-molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2, is being explored in a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of AML, other myeloid malignancies, solid tumors, and gliomas.
Real-time model predictive control of structures under earthquakes

This paper presents a general formulation of the model predictive control (MPC) scheme for controlling in real time the response of structures under earthquakes. The MPC scheme is based on an explicit use of a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an objective function. Optimization objectives in MPC include minimization of the difference between the predicted and desired response trajectories, and the control effort subjected to certain constraints. In this study, the prediction model is formulated using both feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) components to increase the effectiveness of the MPC scheme. The FF loop in the prediction model is formulated using two types of input. First, it is designed using the established Kanai–Tajimi-type model to represent the earthquake input. Second, a real-time FF loop is introduced using an auto-regressive (AR) model for earthquake ground motion which is constantly updated using real-time on-line observations. The real-time FF loop certainly promises to add predictive and adaptive features to the control actions to account for any unusual features in the ground motion. The structural response with and without the FF and FB loops are compared. Examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. These examples show that the MPC-based controller is effective in reducing the structural response under different earthquakes which contain distinct features in their spectral and non-stationary descriptions. The performance of the MPC scheme is then compared to H2 control strategies for different time horizons. The effectiveness of MPC is shown to be equivalent to the optimal control. This paper lays a foundation for capturing the main strengths of MPC, i.e. computational expediency, real-time application, intrinsic compensation for time delays, treatment of constraints and potential for future extensions in structural control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel high-speed, 5-volt programming EPROM structure with source-side injection

A novel source-side injection EPROM (SIEPROM) structure [1] capable of 5-volt only, high speed programming is described. The cell is an asymmetrical n-channel stacked-gate MOSFET, with a short weak gate-control region introduced close to the source. Under high gate bias, a strong channel electric field is created in this local region even at a relatively low drain voltage. Furthermore, the gate oxide field in this region is favorable for hot-electron injection into the floating gate. As a result, a programming speed of 10 µs at a drain voltage of 5 volts has been demonstrated. Also, a soft-write endurance time of 10 years with a read current larger than 100 µA per µm width can be readily achieved.
The Research Processes of Gifted Students: A Case Study.

This case study investigated the research processes and authentic learning experiences of 10 junior high students as they completed independent research projects in a class for gifted students. Stu...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Modulates Afferent Arteriolar Responses to Increases in Pressure

This study was designed to examine the contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the afferent arteriolar autoregulatory responses to increases in perfusion pressure and its relationship with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In rat kidneys, afferent arteriolar diameter responses to increases in perfusion pressure were assessed in vitro with the blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique. Basal afferent arteriolar diameter at 100 mm Hg averaged 21.0+/-1.2 microm (n=7), and the vasoconstrictor response to increasing perfusion pressure to 160 mm Hg averaged 18.4+/-1.2%. Superfusion with the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 (10 micromol/L) did not influence basal diameters, but it did significantly enhance the vasoconstrictor response to the increase in perfusion pressure (32.9+/-4.0%). In contrast to previous findings that the nNOS inhibitor S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (10 micromol/L) enhanced afferent arteriolar autoregulatory responses in normal rat kidneys, in this study, administration of 10 micromol/L S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline did not further modulate the vasoconstrictor response to increases in perfusion pressure in the NS398-treated kidneys of normal rats (31.8+/-4.7%). When tubuloglomerular feedback activity was interrupted by papillectomy and the addition of 50 micromol/L furosemide to the blood perfusate (n=5 for each), the afferent arteriolar constrictor responses to increasing perfusion pressure to 160 mm Hg averaged 7.9+/-0.9% and 10.7+/-0.7%, respectively, and they were significantly attenuated compared with the responses observed in control kidneys. NS398 treatment did not modulate the afferent arteriolar autoregulatory responses in papillectomized or furosemide-treated kidneys. These results indicate that COX-2-derived metabolites contribute to the nNOS modulation of pressure-mediated afferent arteriolar autoregulatory responses.
The harbour at Viana do Castelo in Portugal: Planning in a vacuum

Abstract Harbour communities across Europe and the US are in the midst of major changes. Shifting trade regulations, declining supplies of fish, the rise of recreational boating and new shipping technologies have all contributed to these changes. In response, communities are undertaking major planning efforts to ensure that their harbours remain functional and prosperous. One example of this effort is the Port of Viana do Castelo, Portugal. The thesis of this paper is that unless small and medium sized harbours have a strong and planned sense of direction, they will suffer an economic decline and lose their historic and cultural character.
Toward a cross-species understanding of empathy

Although signs of empathy have now been well documented in non-human primates, only during the past few years have systematic observations suggested that a primal form of empathy exists in rodents. Thus, the study of empathy in animals has started in earnest. Here we review recent studies indicating that rodents are able to share states of fear, and highlight how affective neuroscience approaches to the study of primary-process emotional systems can help to delineate how primal empathy is constituted in mammalian brains. Cross-species evolutionary approaches to understanding the neural circuitry of emotional ‘contagion’ or ‘resonance’ between nearby animals, together with the underlying neurochemistries, may help to clarify the origins of human empathy.
Alcohol consumption and lipoprotein subclasses in older adults.

Context: Limited evidence suggests that alcohol intake may be associated with lipoprotein subclass distribution, which could mediate its relationship with coronary heart disease. Objectives: The objective was to determine the relationship of alcohol intake with lipoprotein particle subclasses. Design, Setting, and Participants: The study included a cross-sectional analysis of 1850 participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study aged 65 yr and older and free of clinical cardiovascular disease. Main Outcome Measure: Lipoprotein subclass distribution was measured with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, according to self-reported alcohol intake. Results: Alcohol intake was associated with total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in a U-shaped manner. Consumers of one or more drinks per week had the highest number of large LDL particles, whereas consumers of 7–13 drinks per week had the lowest number of small LDL particles. Alcohol intake was strongly positively associated with large- and medium-siz...
A Comparison of Logical and Physical Parallel I/o pAtterns

Although there are several extant studies of parallel scien tific application request patterns, there is little experimen tal data on the correlation of physical I/O patterns with application I/O stimuli. To understand these correlations, the authors have instrumented the SCSI device drivers of the Intel Paragon OSF/1 operating system to record key physical I/O activities, and have correlated this data with the I/O patterns of scientific applications captured via the Pablo analysis toolkit. This analysis shows that disk hard ware features profoundly affect the distribution of request delays and that current parallel file systems respond to parallel application I/O patterns in nonscalable ways.
Delayed cold-induced urticaria: A dominantly inherited disorder

A delayed cutaneous response to cold, characterized by areas of erythematous, edematous deep swelling at 9 to 18 hr after experimental ice challenge, was recognized in a 10-yr-old boy and several members of his family. Biopsy of the cold-induced lesion showed edema and an infiltrate of mononuclear cells; mast cells were normal, and immunoglobulins, complement factors, and fibrin were not detected by immunofluorescence techniques. Local cold challenge did not release histamine or induce alterations in the complement system or the enzymes, histaminase, and histamine methyl transferase. The delayed cutaneous response to cold could not be passively transferred with serum or tissue extracts to monkey skin. Family studies suggested an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance.
Using real-time aircraft reports of wind and environmental parameters to enable dynamic cockpit-based wake tools

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is implementing the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (MITRE/CAASD) is supporting the FAA in this mission, and conducts research activities that assist the FAA in leveraging emerging aircraft capabilities. A key area of research is evaluating the feasibility of delegating longitudinal (i.e., in-trail) aircraft spacing to pilots even during low visibility conditions. Longitudinal spacing is needed for avoiding collisions but also for wake turbulence avoidance. As longitudinal spacing is delegated to the flight crew, flight deck-based wake tools are needed to support the task. The pilots need to increase their situational awareness not only of the nearby aircraft but of the wakes that these aircraft produce. The current spacing provided by controllers is dictated by conservative assumptions regarding wake turbulence propagation. Wake turbulence is influenced by the characteristics of the aircraft that produced it as well as winds and other atmospheric conditions. This information could conceivably be transmitted by each aircraft as it enters various phases of flight, such as the approach to an airport. A trailing aircraft could then use this information to construct a picture of the probable location of the wake which would increase the pilot's situational awareness of the wake. To make a realistic assessment of the location and strength of a wake vortex, real-time weather information needs to be known in the vicinity of the aircraft producing the wake. This paper addresses the quality of that information and how any uncertainty in this information will affect the estimate of the location and strength of wake using current wake dynamics estimating programs that could be used on an aircraft. There are systems currently on aircraft that transmit precisely this information to the ground. In the United States there are several airlines that participate in the Meteorological Data Collection and Reporting System (MDCRS) run by ARINC for the airlines. This data has been archived by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) since 2001. Using this data, we have found that there is uncertainty in wind and other atmospheric parameters, even in the approach phase of flight, over a short span of time. Using these results, we show the uncertainty in the wake positions and discuss the implications for using this information for cockpit visualization tools.
An example-base environment for beginning programmers

Making a good programming environment for beginning programmers is an enterprise which can exploit the strong connections between machine learning and human learning. Applying what we know about teaching and learning to improve the programming environment can result in a system which allows beginners to more readily acquire programming skills. Surprisingly, a universally accepted principle of good teaching and good learning has not been taken seriously enough in designing programming environments-learning by example. A good teacher presents examples of how to solve problems, and points out what is important about the examples. The student generalizes from the examples to learn principles and techniques. This paper describes a programming environment called Tinker, in which a beginning programmer presents examples to the machine, distinguishing accidental and essential aspects of the examples. The programmer demonstrates how to handle the specific examples, and the machine formulates a procedure for handling the general case. Because people are much better at thinking about concrete examples than they are at thinking about abstractions, and because examples provide immediate feedback, Tinker is a more congenial environment for a beginner than conventional programming systems.
Stress and Adaptation in Learning and Practicing Medicine

In their pursuit of careers in medicine, medical trainees and practicing physicians frequently endure significant levels of biopsychosocial distress. Psychiatry can play an important role in providing education about successful adaptation to a medical career and how to avoid dysfunctional states. The author describes a course designed to provide instruction to help medical students improve their adaptive skills. The course emphasizes preventive methods for maintaining well-being throughout a medical career. Both didactic and experiential methods of instruction are used to teach the class. The course targets a number of topics considered important for adaptation and well-being, using small group discussion to help students explore their ideas and experiences. By use of a concept referred to as the “longitudinal analogous experience,” current experience is explored to provide insights that hopefully will lead to more effective adaptation in the future. The instruction encourages the medical student to develop and use adaptive coping styles and skills to maintain an effective level of overall functioning throughout the training and practice years.
Résumé of the Siphonaptera (Insecta) of the World

The world fauna of the order Siphonaptera is reviewed with respect to undescribed taxa, endangered species, taxonomic specialists, developmental stages, ultrastructure, taxonomic characters, host specificity, literature, fossil record, and the phylogenetic affinities of and within the order. The 15 currently recognized families are discussed with respect to their subfamilial, tribal, and generic classification. The numbers of species in these taxa are discussed and their general distribution and host preferences are briefly outlined. The current numbers of tribes, genera, and species, including invalid names, are listed.
Difficulties in Proposing Undergraduate Research

(1962). Difficulties in Proposing Undergraduate Research. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 297-299.
The power of renewable energy : fostering investment and competition to generate electricity

Renewable energy is a viable, cost-effective way to provide power to rural and remote areas, lower electricity generation costs over time, and reduce costly power outages. Renewable energy technologies could benefit the nearly 1.5 billion people who lack electricity access, 85 percent of whom are in rural areas, and reduce losses for firms due to power outages (which are equivalent to about 8 percent of their sales in low-income countries). This note discusses key steps for opening the power sector to renewable energy projects in developing countries while encouraging efficient, competitive markets. It recommends policy approaches, measures to ease entry, and ways of reducing investor risks for on- and off-grid renewable energy projects.
Encoding vocal culture.

How does an inexperienced young animal acquire proper communication skills that will serve it well as an adult in a complex social environment? Juvenile songbirds acquire their vocal repertoire by imitating songs from adults. But song imitation per se is not the ultimate goal of their vocal development (1). Birdsong may carry information about species identity, group identity (local culture), individual identity, and—perhaps most important—about a bird's qualities as a potential mate (2, 3). There is some tension between these developmental goals: Because birds can imitate songs very accurately, local song convergence could compromise individual identity. Similarly, the accumulation of geographical drifts in song structure could potentially compromise the species-specific “signature” of the song. On pages 1278 and 1282 of this issue, Gadagkar et al. (4) and Araki et al. (5), respectively, discover neuronal coding of singing performance error and of species song identity. Together, their findings reveal an elegant natural solution that alleviates the tension between cultural transmission and retaining a species-specific “signature” in songs over generations.
Predictors of Hospital Length and Cost of Stay in a National Sample of Adult Patients with Psychotic Disorders.

Objective:This study examined effects of patient-level and hospital-level characteristics on length and cost of hospital stays among adult patients with psychotic disorders.Methods:A subsample of 677,684 adult patients with a primary diagnosis of a psychotic disorder was drawn from the 2003–2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample. A nationally representative survey design and census data were used to calculate hospitalization rates. Multilevel models examined variation in length and cost of stay in relation to individual (age, sex, race-ethnicity, household income, payer source, and illness severity) and hospital (region, urban or rural location, ownership, teaching status, and size) characteristics.Results:Admission rates differed dramatically by region, with higher rates in the Northeast. Compared with white patients, African Americans had higher admission rates but shorter stays and lower costs, and Asians/Pacific Islanders and Native Americans had longer stays. Longer ...
Thoracic Complications in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disorder worldwide. Although thoracic complications are frequent in CLL, only limited data exist regarding the etiologies of these complications. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients admitted to a tertiary care, CLL referral center, with CLL and a respiratory complaint from 2001 through 2013, to categorize pulmonary complaints and diagnoses. Results There were 277 patients with CLL admitted on 409 occasions with respiratory complaints. The median age was 73 years, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The majority of patients had a high-risk Rai classification and had received prior treatment. Common presenting symptoms included dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (62.8%), with an identified organism in 44.7%, pleural effusions (31.8%), lung cancer (6.9%), and leukemic infiltrates (5.9%). Invasive procedures were performed 138 times: 70 bronchoscopies, 24 surgical lung biopsies, 10 computed tomography-guided lung biopsies, and 34 thoracenteses. In-hospital mortality was 24.9%. In a multivariable analysis, an elevated blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine, thrombocytopenia, and a presenting symptom of dyspnea correlated significantly with in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Thoracic manifestations in CLL are common among hospitalized patients. Although infectious pneumonia remains most common, unusual or opportunistic infections may be increasing, and direct lung damage owing to CLL itself or to newer biologic agents are being diagnosed with lung tissue sampling. Recognition of these complications will allow earlier diagnosis, which may change management including removal of offending biologic agents or augmentation of treatment for CLL when infiltrative leukemic cells are present.
Model-based Cluster Analysis for Identifying Suspicious Activity Sequences in Software

Large software systems have to contend with a significant number of users who interact with different components of the system in various ways. The sequences of components that are used as part of an interaction define sets of behaviors that users have with the system. These can be large in number. Among these users, it is possible that there are some who exhibit anomalous behaviors -- for example, they may have found back doors into the system and are doing something malicious. These anomalous behaviors can be hard to distinguish from normal behavior because of the number of interactions a system may have, or because traces may deviate only slightly from normal behavior. In this paper we describe a model-based approach to cluster sequences of user behaviors within a system and to find suspicious, or anomalous, sequences. We exploit the underlying software architecture of a system to define these sequences. We further show that our approach is better at detecting suspicious activities than other approaches, specifically those that use unigrams and bigrams for anomaly detection. We show this on a simulation of a large scale system based on Amazon Web application style architecture.
Empire of Tea: The Asian Leaf that Conquered the World

Empire of Tea is a beautifully written and illustrated cultural history of tea. While the title suggests a world focus, the book primarily looks at the introduction of tea into British society in t...
Marine natural product peptides with therapeutic potential: Chemistry, biosynthesis, and pharmacology

The oceans are a uniquely rich source of bioactive metabolites, of which sponges have been shown to be among the most prolific producers of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with valuable therapeutic potential. Much attention has been focused on marine bioactive peptides due to their novel chemistry and diverse biological properties. As summarized in this review, marine peptides are known to exhibit various biological activities such as antiviral, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and calcium-binding activities. This review focuses on the chemistry and biology of peptides isolated from sponges, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, ascidians, and other marine sources. The role of marine invertebrate microbiomes in natural products biosynthesis is discussed in this review along with the biosynthesis of modified peptides from different marine sources. The status of peptides in various phases of clinical trials is presented, as well as the development of modified peptides including optimization of PK and bioavailability.
Inverse analysis of laser surface heating from thermal strain measurements

Abstract This study proposes an inverse heat conduction methodology for laser heating treatment of a thin cylinder bonded to a strain gauge. The shifting function method is applied twice to respectively generate analytical solutions of temperature and thermal strain functions by giving the general type of unknown temperature function at the heated end. Afterwards we used the least-squares method to minimize the difference between theoretical calculated strains and the measured strains at an interior location at the discrete measurement times; therefore, the whole temperature and heat flux functions of laser heating process can be directly generated. The proposed methodology benefits the researches by avoiding complex numerical operations, reducing the rank of the coefficient matrix of the least-squares method from five to three, and setting the strain gauge on the cylinder surface easily. At last, one mathematical and one experimental examples are used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this work via using thermal strain measurements.
Evaluation of silica hydride materials for the LC–MS analysis of cathinones and benzylpiperazines

Abstract A new LCMS approach is tested for the analysis of controlled substances using bath salts (cathinones) as a model system. Since the structure of cathinones have a polar functionality (the amine group) as well as an aromatic component, separation on the LC column could be achieved in the reversed-phase(RP) or aqueous normal phase (ANP) modes. Since silica hydride columns can function in both modes they have considerable potential for the analysis of substances that have both polar and nonpolar functionalities. Four different silica hydride-based columns (C18, phenyl, cholesterol and diol) are tested in either the RP or ANP and RP modes using representative compounds to determine their applicability to bath salt analysis. A protocol for the analysis of a related illicit drug, benzylpiperazine, is developed on another silica hydride column (Diamond Hydride) in the ANP mode. Further testing is done on physiological samples, saliva (with 78–98% recovery) and hair, in order to determine that the approach outlined in this study could be utilized for these and other controlled substances in biological matrices.
Bowen and Hisrich (1986) on the Female Entrepreneur: 30 Years of Research and New Directions for Gender and Entrepreneurship Scholarship

At the time of its publication three decades ago, Bowen and Hisrich’s 1986 Academy of Management Review article was one of the first to address and examine the notion of women’s entrepreneurship and focus attention exclusively on female entrepreneurs. Their work was seminal for bringing together, through a career development perspective, what had previously been disjunctive studies and approaches to the study of women entrepreneurs. Their paper offered a comprehensive framework for understanding the entrepreneurial behavior of women through a careful outline of impacts and influences on women’s ability and choices in pursuing entrepreneurship. In this chapter, I focus on the contributions of these authors at the time they wrote the article and then consider their influence over each decade in relation to the field of gender and entrepreneurship.
A dynamic foam test for evaluation of hand dishwashing compositions

A dynamic foam test for evaluation of hand-dish-washing compositions has been developed which gives good correlation with semipractical plate washing tests. Properties measured in the dynamic tests are foam build-up index, foaming capacity, and stability of foam to soil.
Patterns of Faculty Internationalization: A Predictive Model

This chapter seeks, at once, to understand the dimensionality of internationalization as a construct (uni- vs. multidimensional) and to develop and test a model of the factors that shape the extent to which, and the pattern in which, academic staff engage in international activities—ranging from the macro level of country characteristics through organizational or institutional characteristics to individual characteristics, both professional and personal. To that end, we perform a factor analysis of 19 international activity variables for which data was available in the 2007–2008 Changing Academic Profession survey followed by a cluster analysis of individual faculty profiles. We conclude with a logistic regression analysis that seeks to determine how the various predictors affect the odds of faculty engaging in international activity.
Canine Osteosarcoma: Amputation and Chemotherapy

One of the most important advances in veterinary oncology during the past 10 years has been the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of the micrometastases of canine osteosarcoma. This article reviews the biologic behavior of osteosarcoma and discusses chemotherapy with the two agents known to be effective: cisplatin and doxorubicin.
Placental Pulsatility: Quantitative Assessment of Placental Bed Vasculature by 2-Dimensional Doppler Cine Imaging.

OBJECTIVES Vascular resistance is known to be one of the determinants of pulsatile flow. This study aimed to investigate whether quantitative 2-dimensional Doppler ultrasound can capture and evaluate the pulsatility within the placental bed vasculature. METHODS The placental bed vasculature was imaged by directional power Doppler ultrasound. Ten-second cine clips were recorded by using standardized machine settings. A region of interest with a prominent Doppler signal in the uteroplacental interface was analyzed for the percentage of vascularity to generate a time-vascularity waveform. A vascular pulsatility index representing variation over the cardiac cycle was calculated by the ratio of the systolic-diastolic difference in vascularity to the mean vascularity. The acquisitions were repeated with 6 different pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) and 3 wall motion filter (WMF) settings to evaluate their impact on the Doppler measurements. RESULTS Ten sets of cine clips were analyzed for this study. The pulsatile nature of the vascularity was readily apparent in each cine clip. The measured time-vascularity waveforms showed uniform cyclic variation in vascularity over the cardiac cycle, with systolic vascularity significantly higher than diastolic vascularity at each combination of PRF and WMF (P < .05). A gradual increase in the vascular pulsatility index was observed with an increasing PRF or WMF. Normalization of systolic-to-diastolic measurement provided a stable vascular assessment across the range of PRFs. CONCLUSIONS Doppler cine clips provide a dynamic representation of the placental bed vasculature and a novel analytic approach to quantitatively evaluating the pulsatility of this critical vascular network. Further work is warranted to explore the reproducibility and clinical potential of this approach.