cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ida4-1, ida4-2, and ida4-3 are intron splicing mutations affecting the locus encoding p28, a light chain of Chlamydomonas axonemal inner dynein arms.

Abstract We recently determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding p28, a light chain of inner dynein arms of Chlamydomonas axonemes. Here, we show that p28 is the protein encoded by the IDA4 locus. p28, and the dynein heavy chains normally associated with it, are completely absent from the flagella and cell bodies of three allelic strains of ida4, named ida4-1, ida4-2, and ida4-3. We determined the nucleotide sequence of the three alleles of the p28 gene and found in each case a single nucleotide change, affecting the splice sites of the first, second, and fourth introns, respectively. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of RNAs prepared from ida4 cells confirmed that these mutations prevent the correct splicing of the affected introns, thereby blocking the synthesis of full-length p28. These are the first intron splicing mutations described in Chlamydomonas and the first inner dynein arm mutations characterized at the molecular level. The absence in ida4 axonemes of the dynein heavy chains normally found in association with p28 suggests that p28 is necessary for stable assembly of a subset of inner dynein arms or for the binding of these arms to the microtubule doublets.
An improved procedure for the preparation of rat uterine cell suspensions

Abstract In the present paper we report on an improved procedure for the preparation of free uterine cells which avoids the use of trypsin and employs very low concentration of collagenase. The cells released mechanically from the digested tissue are constantly removed from the enzyme containing medium, thus minimizing exposure to collagenase. 60–70% of the cells which make up the intact uterus are obtained as free cells and 95% of these cells are viable for at least 15 hours at 37°. Metabolic integrity was assessed by measuring the cell's ability to oxidize glucose and synthesize proteins over extended periods of time. The membrane leucine carrier protein and the membrane Na + K + ATPase were found to be fully functional. Electron microscopic analysis of the cells confirmed their structural integrity. Data are presented illustrating that with this system the estrogen binding protein is stable at physiological temperatures. The cells contain approximately 30,000 specific estrogen binding sites, with an apparent KA of 5–6 × 109 M−1. At 37° 80% of the hormone receptor complexes were in the nuclear fraction, 20% in the cytoplasm. The similarity of the estrogen receptor binding parameters with those measured in the intact tissue after in vivo hormone administration, together with the cell's structural and metabolic integrity make this procedure for the preparation of uterine cell suspensions in high yields particularly suitable for studies in which minimal cell injury is an essential prerequisite.
Absolute Value Equation Solution Via Linear Programming

By utilizing a dual complementarity property, we propose a new linear programming method for solving the NP-hard absolute value equation (AVE): Ax?|x|=b, where A is an n×n square matrix. The algorithm makes no assumptions on the AVE other than solvability and consists of solving a few linear programs, typically less than four. The algorithm was tested on 500 consecutively generated random solvable instances of the AVE with n=10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000. The algorithm solved 100 % of the test problems to an accuracy of 10?8 by solving an average of 3.3 linear programs per AVE problem.
The Effect of a Structured Education Program on Knowledge and Psychomotor Skills of Patients Using Beclomethasone Dipropionate Aerosol for Steroid Dependent Asthma

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a structured education program on knowledge and psychomotor skills of subjects using inhaled beclometh asone dipropionate. The sample was comprised of 26 male outpatients with a mean age of sixty years (range 49 - 69 yrs) and mean educational level of 11 years (range 7 - 18 yrs). Subjects were tested to assess knowledge of drug action, self-administration, and side effects. Skill in self-administration was assessed by two independent raters who were blind to group assignment. Then, patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=13), who received a structured educational program, or a con trol group (n=13), who received no structured educational interventions. Patients were retested four weeks after randomization.Subjects in the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly with re spect to their initial mean knowledge and performance scores. The post-test mean knowledge score was significantly higher when compared to init...
Analysis of Simulated Angiographic Procedures. Part 2: Extracting Efficiency Data from Audio and Video Recordings

Purpose To create and test methods of extracting efficiency data from recordings of simulated renal stent procedures. Materials and Methods Task analysis was performed and used to design a standardized testing protocol. Five experienced angiographers then performed 16 renal stent simulations using the Simbionix AngioMentor angiographic simulator. Audio and video recordings of these simulations were captured from multiple vantage points. The recordings were synchronized and compiled. A series of efficiency metrics (procedure time, contrast volume, and tool use) were then extracted from the recordings. The intraobserver and interobserver variability of these individual metrics was also assessed. The metrics were converted to costs and aggregated to determine the fixed and variable costs of a procedure segment or the entire procedure. Results Task analysis and pilot testing led to a standardized testing protocol suitable for performance assessment. Task analysis also identified seven checkpoints that divided the renal stent simulations into six segments. Efficiency metrics for these different segments were extracted from the recordings and showed excellent intra- and interobserver correlations. Analysis of the individual and aggregated efficiency metrics demonstrated large differences between segments as well as between different angiographers. These differences persisted when efficiency was expressed as either total or variable costs. Conclusions Task analysis facilitated both protocol development and data analysis. Efficiency metrics were readily extracted from recordings of simulated procedures. Aggregating the metrics and dividing the procedure into segments revealed potential insights that could be easily overlooked because the simulator currently does not attempt to aggregate the metrics and only provides data derived from the entire procedure. The data indicate that analysis of simulated angiographic procedures will be a powerful method of assessing performance in interventional radiology.
Asymmetrical Reciprocity in Market Exchange: Implications for Economies in Transition

Western visitors to those parts of the world that before 1991 were politically organized as the Soviet Union have been impressed by the attitudes of persons toward behavior in ordinary exchanges, attitudes that seem to be so different from those in Western economies. The essential elements of an “exchange culture” seem to be missing, and this absence, in itself, may be central to the effective functioning of market economies. Individual participants in ordinary exchange relationships in Western economies act as if they understand the simplest of all economic principles, namely, that there are mutual gains from trade, that the benefits are reciprocal, that exchange is a positive-sum game. This “as if” understanding, which remains perhaps below our level of consciousness in the West, is largely missing from the public attitudes of citizens of the former Soviet Union, who behave as if the gains from trade do not exist, or at least are one-sided rather than mutual.
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Multiple laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially. Approach: An expert committee drafted evidence-based recommendations for the use of laboratory analysis in patients with diabetes. An external panel of experts reviewed a draft of the guidelines, which were modified in response to the reviewers’ suggestions. A revised draft was posted on the Internet and was presented at the AACC Annual Meeting in July, 2000. The recommendations were modified again in response to oral and written comments. The guidelines were reviewed by the Professional Practice Committee of the American Diabetes Association. Content: Measurement of plasma glucose remains the sole diagnostic criterion for diabetes. Monitoring of glycemic control is performed by the patients, who measure their own plasma or blood glucose with meters, and by laboratory analysis of glycated hemoglobin. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing, autoantibodies, microalbumin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and other analytes are addressed. Summary: The guidelines provide specific recommendations based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes are of minimal clinical value at the present time, and measurement of them is not recommended.
Resonance-Stabilized 1,2,3-Dithiazolo-1,2,3-dithiazolyls as Neutral π-Radical Conductors

Alkylation of the zwitterionic heterocycle 8-chloro-bis[1,2,3]dithiazolo[4,5-b:5',4'-e]pyridine (ClBP) with alkyl triflates affords 8-chloro-4-alkyl-4H-bis[1,2,3]dithiazolo[4,5-b:5',4'-e]pyridin-2-ium triflates [ClBPR][OTf] (R = Me, Et, Pr). Reduction of these salts with decamethylferrocene affords the corresponding ClBPR radicals as thermally stable crystalline solids. The radicals have been characterized in solution by cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy. Measured electrochemical cell potentials and computed (B3LYP/6-31G) gas-phase disproportionation enthalpies are consistent with a low on-site Coulombic barrier U to charge transfer in the solid state. The crystal structures of ClBPR (R = Me, Et, Pr) have been determined by X-ray crystallography (at 293 K). All three structures consist of slipped pi-stacks of undimerized radicals, with many close intermolecular S.S contacts. ClBPMe undergoes a phase transition at 93 K to a slightly modified slipped pi-stack arrangement, the structure of which has also been established crystallographically (at 25 K). Variable-temperature magnetic and conductivity measurements have been performed, and the results interpreted in light of extended Huckel band calculations. The room-temperature conductivities of ClBPR systems (sigma(RT) approximately 10(-)(5) to 10(-)(6) S cm(-)(1)), as well as the weak 1D ferromagnetism exhibited by ClBPMe, are interpreted in terms of weak intermolecular overlap along the pi-stacks. The latter is caused by slippage of the molecular plates, a feature necessitated by the steric size of the R and Cl groups on the pyridine ring.
Posttraumatic Stress in Battered Women: Does the Diagnosis Fit?

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been recommended as an appropriate psychiatric diagnosis for battered women. The criteria for the diagnosis are reviewed along with research that supports its application in battering situations. Definitional, diagnostic, research, and treatment issues using the diagnosis with abused women also are discussed, including recommendations for future investigations and clinical application.
A widely tunable narrow-linewidth triple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser

A widely tunable narrow-linewidth simultaneous triple-wavelength oscillation erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) is investigated in detail. The EDFRL can produce double-wavelength oscillations with the same polarization output, as well as another widely tunable wavelength oscillation with orthogonal polarization in both the C-band and the L-band. By preventing two polarization-mode competitions, we have achieved a stable single-longitudinal-mode triple-wavelength lasing output along with a minimum side-mode suppression ratio of 40 dB.
Water births: a naked emperor.

In Hans Christian Andersen's sartorial tale of a vain emperor,1 it takes a child's vision to bring clarity to an awkward situation. Despite knowing the naked truth, the people scold the child for speaking out and actively ignore the issues raised by his challenge. In a sense, water births, the birthing of an infant underwater, are much like the emperor's new clothes in that some people believe what they wish to serve their own purpose while actively ignoring the facts at hand and admonishing those who question their opinions. Despite an absence of supporting evidence, proponents of water births claim benefits and disregard concerns while continuing to fail to subject this approach to the rigors of scientific inquiry. This desire to ignore the facts may be particularly prevalent among individuals who prefer nontraditional delivery techniques. In a 1989 editorial in the Journal of Nurse-Midwifery , Elder2 compelled readers to put aside concerns about a lack of research and data, essentially to feel little need for this information when considering alternative practices, but instead to seek a “balanced perspective” against such “rigorous analysis.” Elder wrote: “If one claims something is a fact, how should the claim be supported? Indeed, must it be supported?” She offered that nurse midwives, among the majority of proponents of alternative childbirth methods, should be “pioneers,” taking pride in offering unproven alternatives. By advocating for this approach, she validated the long-recognized gap that separates practitioners of evidence-based medicine from practitioners who accept unproven alternatives as a basis for practice. In the current era of natural and alternative medicine, practices such as water births continue to be introduced without validation of their equality or superiority to standard obstetrical practice and despite some clear potential risks. In such a model, good alternative birthing practices cannot be differentiated …
Reconstruction of Nasal Facet, Ala, and Caudal Sidewall: Three Consecutive Defects

A 50-year-old man presented with a 0.4 cm basal cell carcinoma of the left infratip lobule encroaching on the nostril margin. He had a basal cell carcinoma removed from the right nasal dorsum a year earlier. The dorsum had been repaired with a full-thickness skin graft. He did not use tobacco products.
The Repetition Compulsion in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

The repetition compulsion-the propensity to repeat formative early life experiences, for good or ill-is one of psychoanalysis's most important contributions to the understanding of human nature. However, its broader applications to psychodynamic psychiatry and psychotherapy have received little attention. In fact, it is a concept widely applicable to the understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders, since maladaptive or self-defeating repetitions are the stuff of psychopathology. This article will discuss the repetition compulsion as a core concept of psychodynamic psychiatry. Principles of the compulsion to repeat will be applied to the dynamics of personality disorders, and will be illustrated by discussion of its usefulness in understanding and treating several common and representative psychiatric conditions: reactive depression, punitive superego function, and traumatic neurosis. These conditions illustrate the reparative, retributive, and restorative functions of the compulsion to repeat.
Accuracy, Repeatability, and Clinical Application of Spherocylindrical Automated Refraction Using Time-Based Wavefront Aberrometry Measurements

Purpose To evaluate the clinical utility of spherocylindrical automated refraction (AR) based on time-based wavefront technology compared with subjective manifest refraction (MR) for the purpose of prescribing eyeglasses. Design Prospective observational case series. Participants A convenience sample of 105 eyes of 53 patients (ages 19 to 87) with corrected acuity no worse than 20/40 −2 . Methods Manifest refraction was performed on all subjects followed by three consecutive wavefront measurements at both a 4-mm and 6-mm optical zone using the 3D Wave OPD Scan ARK 10,000 aberrometer. Main Outcome Measures Repeatability of multiple consecutive ARs; difference in the sphere, cylinder, and axis of AR compared with MR; difference between the corrected visual acuity based on AR- and MR-derived acuity. Results Repeatability analysis showed that the initial wavefront refraction was not significantly different from the mean of the three refractions. At the 4-mm zone, the absolute value (± standard deviation) of the difference between the initial AR compared with the MR was 0.34±0.28 diopters (D) for sphere, 0.22±0.21 D for cylinder, and 12.5±15.8 degrees for axis. At the 6-mm zone, these values were 0.32±0.29 D for sphere, 0.25±0.24 D for cylinder, and 11.8±14.6° for axis. When 4-mm AR visual acuity was superior to MR acuity (19.0% of eyes) it was 0.28±0.24 Snellen lines better, and when inferior (53.3% of eyes) it was 0.47±0.37 lines worse. When 6-mm AR acuity was superior to MR acuity (16.2% of eyes) it was 0.32±0.22 Snellen lines better, and when inferior (60.0% of eyes) it was 0.48±0.48 lines worse. The absolute value of the difference in spherical equivalent of the first AR measurement at the 4-mm zone compared with the MR value was 0.33±0.23 D, and at the 6-mm zone it was 0.30±0.27 D. Conclusions The wavefront-derived AR values reflect the physical optical system, but not necessarily subjectively derived values, and the impact of this disagreement on patient satisfaction is unknown. Future studies evaluating this technology and its role in clinical ophthalmology are warranted.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Longitudinal Studies

As we have presented, it is evident that cohort studies are confronted with their own special, non-trivial issues of quality assurance and quality control. Such studies are typically large-scale designs and involve an extensive amount of data to be collected and processed, the quality of which depends on a variety of factors related to study personnel and equipment. The fact that data are collected over an extended period of time and at several centers greatly increases the magnitude of the data processing task, significantly increasing the likelihood of discrepancies and measurement error in the data. As presented in tables 1 and 2, the quality assurance and quality control procedures span the entire course of the study and include a multitude of tasks. Such tasks are delegated to various committees and/or are undertaken by participating centers, all of which must take responsibility for understanding, implementing, and following through on all procedures that maximize data quality. The quality of the quality assurance/quality control process is highly correlated with the quality of the communication within and between centers and all researchers. Maintaining standardization of procedures across centers and long-term stability of equipment and analytic procedures are integral components of quality control. In conclusion, the magnitude of the quality control process in a multicenter longitudinal study should not be underestimated, requiring a significant commitment of study resources. The quality control process is key to the integrity of the study, and an integral part of the design of the study. In a well-designed study, with a good quality control process and dedication to the process by the research team, the validity of the conclusions of the cohort study can be established.
Zero Investment in a High Yield Asset Can be Optimal

In a market with one stock and one bond, a risk averse agent would normally follow the principle of holding a positive amount of stock if and only if its mean rate of return is strictly larger than the interest rate of the bond. We provide an example to show that in the latter case it may be optimal not to invest in the stock.
A highly efficient room temperature non-organometallic route for the synthesis of α,β,β-trifluorostyrenes by dehydrohalogenation

Abstract Various 1-aryl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethanes (ArCHFCF 3 , Ar=phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, heteroaryl) were synthesized by the fluorination of the corresponding alcohols with DAST. Dehydrofluorination of ArCHFCF 3 using lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS) base in THF at room temperature produced 1,2,2-trifluorostyrenes (ArCF=CF 2 ) in 61–91% isolated yields. This procedure provides an excellent non-organometallic alternative to the generally used metallation-Pd(0) coupling methods.
Managing Test Coverage Uncertainty due to Random Noise in Nano-CMOS: A Case-Study on an SRAM Array

Static random access memories (SRAM) are a major constituent in high performance microprocessors and systems-on-a-chip. With scaling of technology, manufacturing process variations in SRAMs are of significant concern. SRAM cells that are marginal due to process variations suffer from stability issues where random thermal noise and random telegraph noise (RTN) become determinant in memory state. This introduces uncertainty in testing, where passing a test does not necessarily mean that SRAM is good. A marginal cell may pass testing, but fail during operation. To address this problem, we introduce a new metric for probabilistic fault coverage. We present simulation methods for measuring such coverage and propose N-detect and multilevel wordline (WL) voltage techniques to increase the detection probability of marginal cells. We demonstrate the benefit of these testing approaches on a sample SRAM array, designed in 32 nm predictive technology models. To simulate marginal cells, we oversample the tail of the process variations distribution. Transient noise simulations show that thermal noise can lead to a fault coverage loss of 20% and RTN can lead to a maximum fault coverage loss of up to 75%. N-detect technique achieves close to a 100% fault coverage at ${n}\,\, {=} 100$ for thermal noise and ${n}\,\,{=} 70$ for RTN. Multilevel WL technique requires 20–30 mV boost in WL voltage during read test to achieve near ideal fault coverage at minimal yield loss. A combination of these techniques is shown to be effective in increasing fault coverage with a tradeoff between test time and yield loss.
Solving NP-Complete Problems with a Quantum Computer

In the 1990’s a handful of computer scientists with a background in physics began looking at computational complexity from a fresh perspective. They wanted to know how the computational cost to solve an NP-Complete problem varied with the degree of constrainedness of the problem instances. They found that there is a critical value in constrainedness at which the difficulty of finding a solution rises steeply. Moreover, empirically, this region also coincides with an abrupt collapse in the probability of there being a valid solution. This has led to more physics-insight into analogies between the structure of NP-Complete problems and physical phase transitions.
Input for the Second Language Classroom: Some Innovations and Insights

The importance of target language (TL) data in the learning environment has been increasingly recognized by instructional practitioners. One contributing factor is the surge of instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) research since the 1980s, which has resulted in a variety of input-based insights and approaches. Conceptually, Krashen’s (1982, 1985) Input Hypothesis alludes to the essentialness of making input “comprehensible” enough (i+1). That is, learners’ exposure to input must occur at a level just beyond their current capabilities in order for it to be beneficial for acquisition. Pedagogically, focus on form (FonF) (Long, 1991; Long & Robinson, 1998) techniques such as textual enhancement, input flood, and processing instruction (VanPatten, 1996, 2002, 2004) offer practical means for language instructors to make certain physical or formal features of input more salient to classroom learners within a communicative, meaning-focused context. Such meaning-oriented contexts include, for example, processing input for comprehension as part of a larger pedagogic task. That being the case, the past decade of ISLA research has gradually moved beyond the abovementioned focus on the surface, formal features of input to probe into the more intrinsic attributes of L2 input at the phonological, lexical, grammatical and discourse levels.
Current Directions in Space Exploration

The purpose of this chapter is to set the context for the dissertation by giving an historical overview of the past and present goals of the exploration of Space and the design criteria associated with each. With the more recent objectives of establishing a human presence on Mars as the next major milestone in exploration (followed by human settlements), a new set of design challenges has emerged. In response to those challenges, human factors research has received increasing attention, considerably expanding in scope over the last two decades to now address requirements for habitability. However, despite the latest focus on habitability criteria, most current habitat design proposals are still rooted in a rigid engineering perspective and not in a deeper understanding of what promotes well-being; to remedy those oversights, habitability criteria must be re-evaluated.
The Intersectionality of Gender, Rights, and Privilege: A Comparative Analysis of 127 Countries

This study provides a macro-level comparison of the rights and privileges that women have around the world through the development of a multi-dimensional index of pro-woman states. This is important because states that score highly on the index provide models for decreasing gender inequalities and increasing human rights for women worldwide. Cross-national differences in female education, employment, reproductive freedom, and participation in state policy formation are explored. Pro-woman states have policies that are associated with higher levels of education, income, and satisfaction. An understanding of the rights and privileges provided in pro-woman states can be used to restructure the welfare state to encourage the empowerment of women and the development of more equal societies.
Forecasting the Next 20 Years in Space: The New Race to Space

A variety of long -term indicators – economic, social, technological, and political – strongly suggest that a new inte rnational space race will t ake shape during the next 5 – 7 years. This unprecedented thrust into space is expected to significantly exceed the scale and scope of the 1960’s Apollo Moon program and will culminate by 2025 in a variety of major activities su ch as humans on Mars, tourists on the Moon, and /or solar power satellites in LEO. This forecast model has major implications for space program planning and technology development, international cooperation, NASA public relations, as well as education and business planning.
A wearable wireless platform for visually stimulating small flying insects

Linking neurons and muscles to their roles in behavior requires not only the ability to measure their response during unrestrained movement but also the ability to stimulate them and observe the behavioral results. Current wireless stimulation technologies can be carried by rodent-sized animals and very large insects. However, the mass and volume of these devices make them impractical for studying smaller animals like insects. Here we present a battery-powered electronics platform suitable to be carried on a flying locust (2.7 g). The device has an IR-based (infrared) receiver, can deliver optical or electrical stimulation, occupies a volume of 0.1 cm(3), and weighs ~280 mg. We show the device is capable of powering two white SMD light emitting diodes (LEDs) for ~4 min and can be recharged in ~20 min. We demonstrate that our system shows no crosstalk with an IR-based Vicon tracking system. The entire package is made from commercial off-the-shelf components and requires no microfabrication.
Cefoxitin in Obstetric and Gynecologic Infections

The use of cefoxitin sodium in 178 patients with a wide variety of obstetric and gynecologic infections was studied. Clinical cure occurred in 94% of the study population, and two women with serious underlying medical problems died. These good results with cefoxitin should stimulate prospective studies comparing this drug to currently employed antibiotic regimens. Theoretically, soft tissue infections in obstetric and gynecologic patients should be suited particularly well to therapy with cefoxitin. These infections are usually caused by a mixed bacterial flora, with both gram-negative aerobes and a wide range of anaerobes recovered from cultures of infected tissue. The effective antibacterial spectrum of cefoxitin in the laboratory against this bacterial population, particularly its activity against Bacteroides fragilis, suggests the likelihood of clinical effectiveness. Also, the nature of obstetric and gynecologic infections and the patient population, which consists mostly of healthy young women, offers a favorable prognosis. Soft tissue infections in obstetric and gynecologic patients include postpartum and postabortal uterine and pelvic infections, postoperative pelvic and abdominal wound infections, and acute salpingo-oophoritis. These infected sites, in a population of predominantly young women who are usually free of serious underlying systemic disease, have a good supply of blood. All of these observations stimulated a number of clinical
Troubleshooting of a 600 MW Generator After a Short-Circuit Failure

Short-circuit failure due to misoperation which occurred during a power consumption test of a 600 MW power unit's min transformer is being delineated,together with a description of the trouble-shooting performed.Moreover,a hidden defect of the generator incurred during its manufacture was found,some external power source is advised to be used in later no-load tests of main transformers.
Analysis of Iodized Salt Monitoring in Mouping District of Yantai City

[Objective] To understand the iodine content in edible iodized salt of salt production enterprises and residents,and provide scientific evidence for eliminating iodine deficiency diseases.[Methods] Samples were taken according to National Iodized Salt Monitoring Plan,monitoring results of edible iodized salt of salt production enterprises and residents were analyzed.[Results] Of 540 salt samples of salt production enterprises,535 were qualified with qualified rate of 99.07%;of 4500 iodized salt samples of residents,4377 were qualified with qualified rate of 97.27%;the coverage percentage of iodized salt is 99.38% and that of the non-iodized salt is 0.62%.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of iodized salt produced by salt production enterprises in Mouping District is 99.07% which met the requirements of standard.However,the iodine quantity added by salt production enterprises is not average.The iodine adding is required to follow the operation rules strictly in production.There are still a few residents who are eating unqualified iodized salt and non-iodized slat.Residents should be further educated to correctly use,store iodized slat and reject non-iodized salt.
Evaluation and Analysis on Regional Agriculture Competence

The competence of regional agriculture is very important to agriculture development of corresponding area; at the same time, it is an influent factor to the shape of agriculture policy of our country. This paper constructs an evaluation indexes system about regional agriculture from aspects of outside and inside lays of competence. It chooses entropy power method to establish the indexes powers. On base of this evaluation system, this paper carries through an evaluation about 31 regional agriculture competences; at the same time, it gives an analysis about the evaluation results.
FLASHOVER CHARACTERISTIC ALONG SURFACE UNDER LIGHTNING IMPULSE VOLTAGE

The surface discharge models that can simulate the electrode configuration of the wall bushing and the post-type insulator are established.With this model the influence of the electrode configuration,interpolar distance,surface conductivity and the polarity of the applied voltage on the flashover voltage along the surface is investigated.The reason which causes the differences of the flashover characteristics between two electrodes is analyzed.
Fitness Counseling for the College Woman: These Are Not Her Mother’s Norms!

Most university recreation centers offer some form of fitness assessment service to both their undergraduate and graduate student populations. These assessments typically include evaluation of each of the major fitness components — cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Following assessment of these components, the student is informed of his/her fitness classification and receives a recommended exercise program based on the results. In many instances, the norms used for the fitness classification of these students are those provided by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), which are based on two separate age-related categories, the under 20 and 20–29 year divisions. Since the average undergraduate and graduate student is between 17–25 years of age, the ACSM norms do not provide a single normative distribution. In addition, currently used fitness classifications utilize category headings such as poor and fair which may be disheartening, espec...
Deterministically placed quantum dots for quantum nanophotonics

The ability to achieve deterministic placement of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) opens up interesting possibilities for nanophotonic devices. By incorporating these QDs within microcavities, light-matter interaction can be tailored and enhanced, enabling phenomenon such as spontaneous emission enhancement, low threshold lasing, single photon emission and strong-coupling. The quality of these phenomena relies on the distribution of emission wavelengths of the emitter dipoles and the strength of their coupling to internal fields of the cavity. Therefore size-controlled fabrication of QDs and their deterministic placement become quite important. In this work we will describe a photoelectrochemical-based etching of III-nitride materials to achieve QDs with uniform emission wavelength. By patterning using electron beam lithography to create a nanopost structure in an epitaxially grown III-nitride based quantum well structure, we will show potential for deterministic placement. The photoluminescence response from the nanopost structure after photoelectrochemical etching reveals sharp lines indicative of quantum dot formation.
Clonal haematopoiesis harbouring AML-associated mutations is ubiquitous in healthy adults

Clonal haematopoiesis is thought to be a rare condition that increases in frequency with age and predisposes individuals to haematological malignancy. Recent studies, utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS), observed haematopoietic clones in 10% of 70-year olds and rarely in younger individuals. However, these studies could only detect common haematopoietic clones->0.02 variant allele fraction (VAF)-due to the error rate of NGS. To identify and characterize clonal mutations below this threshold, here we develop methods for targeted error-corrected sequencing, which enable the accurate detection of clonal mutations as rare as 0.0003 VAF. We apply these methods to study serially banked peripheral blood samples from healthy 50-60-year-old participants in the Nurses' Health Study. We observe clonal haematopoiesis, frequently harbouring mutations in DNMT3A and TET2, in 95% of individuals studied. These clonal mutations are often stable longitudinally and present in multiple haematopoietic compartments, suggesting a long-lived haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell of origin.
The Aurora-A–Twist1 axis promotes highly aggressive phenotypes in pancreatic carcinoma

We uncovered a crucial role for the Aurora kinase A (AURKA)-Twist1 axis in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Twist1 is the first EMT-specific target of AURKA that was identified using an innovative screen. AURKA phosphorylates Twist1 at three sites, which results in its multifaceted regulation - AURKA inhibits its ubiquitylation, increases its transcriptional activity and favors its homodimerization. Twist1 reciprocates and prevents AURKA degradation, thereby triggering a feedback loop. Ablation of either AURKA or Twist1 completely inhibits EMT, highlighting both proteins as central players in EMT progression. Phosphorylation-dead Twist1 serves as a dominant-negative and fully reverses the EMT phenotype induced by Twist1, underscoring the crucial role of AURKA-mediated phosphorylation in mediating Twist1-induced malignancy. Likewise, Twist1-overexpressing BxPC3 cells formed large tumors in vivo, whereas expression of phosphorylation-dead Twist1 fully abrogated this effect. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic cancer specimens revealed a 3-fold higher level of Twist1 compared to that seen in healthy normal tissues. This is the first study that links Twist1 in a feedback loop with its activating kinase, which indicates that concurrent inhibition of AURKA and Twist1 will be synergistic in inhibiting pancreatic tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Neurosurgeon: Collaborative Intelligence Between the Cloud and Mobile Edge

The computation for today's intelligent personal assistants such as Apple Siri, Google Now, and Microsoft Cortana, is performed in the cloud. This cloud-only approach requires significant amounts of data to be sent to the cloud over the wireless network and puts significant computational pressure on the datacenter. However, as the computational resources in mobile devices become more powerful and energy efficient, questions arise as to whether this cloud-only processing is desirable moving forward, and what are the implications of pushing some or all of this compute to the mobile devices on the edge.In this paper, we examine the status quo approach of cloud-only processing and investigate computation partitioning strategies that effectively leverage both the cycles in the cloud and on the mobile device to achieve low latency, low energy consumption, and high datacenter throughput for this class of intelligent applications. Our study uses 8 intelligent applications spanning computer vision, speech, and natural language domains, all employing state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as the core machine learning technique. We find that given the characteristics of DNN algorithms, a fine-grained, layer-level computation partitioning strategy based on the data and computation variations of each layer within a DNN has significant latency and energy advantages over the status quo approach.Using this insight, we design Neurosurgeon, a lightweight scheduler to automatically partition DNN computation between mobile devices and datacenters at the granularity of neural network layers. Neurosurgeon does not require per-application profiling. It adapts to various DNN architectures, hardware platforms, wireless networks, and server load levels, intelligently partitioning computation for best latency or best mobile energy. We evaluate Neurosurgeon on a state-of-the-art mobile development platform and show that it improves end-to-end latency by 3.1X on average and up to 40.7X, reduces mobile energy consumption by 59.5% on average and up to 94.7%, and improves datacenter throughput by 1.5X on average and up to 6.7X.
Genetics of obesity: what genetic association studies have taught us about the biology of obesity and its complications

Summary Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and other adiposity traits have identified more than 300 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Although there is reason to hope that these discoveries will eventually lead to new preventive and therapeutic agents for obesity, this will take time because such developments require detailed mechanistic understanding of how an SNP influences phenotype (and this information is largely unavailable). Fortunately, absence of functional information has not prevented GWAS findings from providing insights into the biology of obesity. Genes near loci regulating total body mass are enriched for expression in the CNS, whereas genes for fat distribution are enriched in adipose tissue itself. Gene by environment and lifestyle interaction analyses have revealed that our increasingly obesogenic environment might be amplifying genetic risk for obesity, yet those at highest risk could mitigate this risk by increasing physical activity and possibly by avoiding specific dietary components. GWAS findings have also been used in mendelian randomisation analyses probing the causal association between obesity and its many putative complications. In supporting a causal association of obesity with diabetes, coronary heart disease, specific cancers, and other conditions, these analyses have clinical relevance in identifying which outcomes could be preventable through weight loss interventions.
Improving Ambulatory Care Resident Training: Preparing for Opportunities to Treat Mental Illness in the Primary Care Setting:

Purpose:The development of an outpatient psychiatry clinical practice learning experience for PGY2 ambulatory care pharmacy residents in preparation for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in th...
Oil shocks, policy uncertainty and earnings surprises

The study utilizes a structural VAR model to understand the connections among oil shocks, policy uncertainty and aggregate earnings in US. We find that the positive innovations in US oil supply increase the aggregate earnings. A rise in the US policy uncertainty decreases the aggregate earnings. After 2007 with the shale oil development in US, the earnings responses to the US oil supply shocks has increased. Over time shocks to US oil supply reduce the policy uncertainty. The development of US oil production is associated with the increase in income and the enhancement on political and economy security in US. Policy uncertainty plays an important role in the transmission of oil shocks to the earnings. The structural oil price shocks explain around 35% of the overall variations in the policy uncertainty in the long run and cause long swings in the policy uncertainty. The direct effects of oil shocks on the aggregate earnings are amplified by the endogenous responses of policy uncertainty.
Monitoring the corrected QT in the acute care setting: A comparison of the 12‑lead ECG and bedside monitor.

Abstract Introduction Prolongation of the QT interval is a well-recognized complication associated with many commonly used medications. Emergency Department monitoring of the corrected QT (QTc) both before and after medication administration is typically performed using the 12‑lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The purpose of this study is to compare the QTc reported on the 12‑lead ECG to that reported by single brand of bedside monitor. Methods A convenience sample of emergency department patients over the age of 18 undergoing bedside monitoring and who had an ECG ordered by their treating physician were enrolled. These patients underwent simultaneous ECG and monitor QTc calculation. The primary outcome of interest was the correlation between the monitor and ECG QTc. Secondary outcomes included ability of each method to identify patients with a QTc > 500 ms and the ability of each method to identify patients with a QTc Results A total of 125 patients had simultaneous ECG and monitor QTc measurements recorded. There was moderate correlation between the monitor and ECG QTc (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.55). The median difference between the ECG QTc and the monitor QTc (ECG QTc minus monitor QTc) was − 7 ms (IQR − 23 to 11 ms). Conclusion We found that there was moderate correlation between the QTc reported on the 12 lead ECG and that reported by the bedside monitor. This correlation is not strong enough to support the use of the bedside monitor as a substitute for the 12‑lead ECG when evaluating a patient's QTc.
Associations of Nocturnal Blood Pressure With Cognition by Self‐Identified Race in Middle‐Aged and Older Adults: The GENOA (Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy) Study

BackgroundWhether the association of blood pressure (BP) during sleep (nocturnal BP) with cognition differs by race is unknown. Methods and ResultsParticipants in the GENOA (Genetic Epidemiology Ne...
Use of a Pediatric Craniotome Drill for Cervical and Thoracic Spine Decompression: Safety and Efficacy.

Background Laminectomy, using a high-speed drill with an unprotected cutting drill bit, can be rapid and effective, but it has been associated with known complications. Another technique uses a pediatric craniotome drill with the footplate attachment. At present, there are no studies comparing clinical outcomes between these 2 stated decompressive techniques. Methods A retrospective review was conducted at a single institution. Two cohorts of patients were considered based on the technical method of laminectomy for decompression. One group had decompression with utilization of a high-speed drill, whereas the other group had decompression with a pediatric craniotome drill with a footplate attachment. The outcomes from each group were compared based on the length of operation, estimated blood loss, and associated complications. Results A total of 91 patients were included in the final analysis. Forty-five of the patients underwent laminectomy using a footplate and 46, using a high-speed drill. The footplate group was associated with significantly shorter operative time (159 vs. 205 minutes; P = 0.008). In addition, the footplate technique demonstrated less estimated blood loss (254 vs. 349 mL), and less incidence of durotomies (2.2% vs. 10.9%); however, neither of these 2 outcomes achieved statistical significance. Conclusions Despite being an older technique, there was a shorter operative time in the footplate group without increased blood loss or incidence of durotomy. Although comparable results are operator dependent, this technique is a safe alternative for performing cervical and thoracic laminectomies.
Aqueous acid and alkaline extraction of rare earth elements from coal combustion ash

Abstract The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal combustion fly ash has recently gained attention as a possible beneficial reuse application that could provide an alternative, low-grade source of REEs in an unstable global supply market. To economically recover REEs, an efficient process needs to be developed to remove them from the ash. This study investigated different methods of leaching REEs from fly ash and other coal combustion ashes. Aqueous acid and alkaline leaching were employed on multiple types of coal fly ash samples (representing coals from three major U.S. coal basin sources) with variable leaching parameters that include extractant type (HCl, NaOH), extractant concentration, leachate-to-ash ratio, and addition of CaO during the leaching process. Acid leaching of high calcium-containing fly ashes such as samples derived from Powder River Basin coals had the highest recoveries of REEs (near 100% of total REE contents), while leaching efficiencies were much lower (
Comparison of Neonatal Nursing Practices for Determining Feeding Tube Insertion Length and Verifying Gastric Placement With Current Best Evidence.

Background:Oral-nasogastric feeding tubes (FTs) are often malpositioned, placing infants at risk for complications. Confusion exists regarding the accuracy of methods to determine FT insertion length and verify gastric FT placement, and it is unknown whether evidence-based methods are used by neonat