cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hellenism in Byzantium: Interlude : Hellenism in limbo: the middle years (400–1040)

Between Synesios and Psellos, so for a period of six centuries, Hellenic identity went into abeyance. It had only a hypothetical existence, being a relic of the past that could be glimpsed in ancient texts; or the antithesis of Christianity, something that could both negate and complement but whose power was never actualized; or fragmented markers that signified little, for example the mere fact of language or geography. Not all of its elements even survived the end of antiquity. Having described the storms of late antiquity, it is useful to take stock of Hellenism and see what was jettisoned, what retained, and what washed up on the shores of Byzantium, to be salvaged in later times. The religions of the ancient Greeks, for example, were more or less ended by the end of antiquity. Some of their elements were absorbed into Christianity, but not in a way that threatened or could spark a revival. It was not until the very end of Byzantium, with Georgios Gemistos Plethon, that a revival was even imagined, and it too led nowhere. The end of paganism entailed the obsolescence of certain ancient centers of Greek identity, chiefly Delphi and Olympia. During the early Roman empire, when Hellenism spread throughout the East, those places had served to draw attention to the Greek homeland. Now a de-Hellenized Greece found itself with hardly any Christian credentials and no imperial capital.
Let's Say You Are This Page

Listen, only the real is intolerable. Last evening I sat holding a book of poems in this fixed stampede of talus at the beyond of a mountain so remote we'll have to imagine. Ragged boulder field, saying all the buffalo have come here to die. From a surround of peaks, June snow works invisibly loose beneath the surface in low, irregular halts, gargles, sobs leaking away like an underground sunset. The west reddens, sinks past the edge of invention, where it warms each hide. No, that's imagined. But not these hidden wrist-thick streams I could follow
Immunologic Interactions of T Lymphocytes with Vascular Endothelium

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on immunologic interactions of T lymphocytes with vascular endothelium. It discusses the potential roles of endothelium in antigen presentation to and activation of specific memory T cells, as well as in antigen-independent recruitment of T cells into inflammatory sites. Inflammatory cell-mediated immune reactions, such as delayed hypersensitivity, are locally elicited by introduction of specific foreign antigen into a peripheral tissue site of a previously sensitized host. The inflammatory reaction normally functions to protect the host by eliminating the foreign antigen. Consideration of tissue anatomy leads to the conclusion that vascular endothelium—a barrier between the blood and the tissue—must be traversed early by blood-borne T cells that are specific for the eliciting antigen and later by circulating T cells independent of their antigen specificity. The chapter focuses on regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule expression on vascular endothelium. The expression of class I and of class II MHC molecules is independently regulated and the details of regulation vary among different cell types. The data presented in this chapter establish that cultured human endothelial cells have the capacity to present antigens to T cells and to do so in the context of costimulators that lead to effective T cell activation.
What drives café customers to spread eWOM?: Examining self-relevant value, quality value, and opinion leadership

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine hidden drivers of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) by modeling attributes of self-relevant and quality-relevant values. This is a meaningful extension of previous consumer behavior research regarding the association of eWOM and self-constructs. Design/methodology/approach – An on-site survey was conducted to collect data. Statistical analyses, including structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis, were used to empirically examine which factors significantly influence cafe customers to engage in eWOM. Findings – The study found significant drivers of eWOM intentions by examining self-relevant values connected with the cafe, such as conveying reflected appraisal of self, conspicuous presentation and self-image congruity beyond the simple evaluation of service quality. The moderating effect of consumer opinion leadership on the relationships between those drivers and eWOM intentions was also investigated. Practical implications – The results demonst...
A reduced order model-partitioned system identifier for a class of systems with input uncertainty

An adaptive algorithm, that has the capability of identifying a system with input uncertainty (fixed and unknown, but restricted to a known set of possible inputs or randomly changing in time within a known set of possible inputs) is developed, and simulation results are reported. A model-partitioned recursive least squares methodology is adopted within a Bayesian framework. Thus, a low-order identifier, which not only matches the input-output characteristics but also points out which input is going through the actual plant, is obtained. >
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence in mechanistic investigation of electroorganic reactions: Part IV. Luminescence oscillations at the falling mercury drop

Abstract In the intensity-potential curves of the electrogenerated chemiluminescence at the dropping mercury electrode spikes are observed, which are due to the reaction of excessive anion radicals A −. at the falling mercury drop. The luminescence trace of the drop exhibits a characteristic intensity pattern. These oscillations arise from an interplay of a concentration difference of A −. between the front and back sides or the falling drop, which is hydrodynamically caused and leads to a corresponding difference in the electrochemical potential and in the surface tension, and a surface movement of the mercury as the retroactive effect. The influence of the experimental conditions and the structural effect of the investigated cathodic luminescence systems on the oscillating behavior are studied.
World Wide Web Challenges: Supporting Users in Search and Navigation

World Wide Web poses many challenges for designing effective information services and applications. Addressing these challenges requires good understanding of Web characteristics and their implications. In this presentation we focus on selected aspects of the Web that affect searching and navigation by the users. We offer our insights into the issues and present our preferred strategies for addressing them. We demonstrate prototype systems that illustrate our solutions and discuss system evaluations that we have conducted.
The United States after the great recession: the challenge of sustainable growth

The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S. economic growth model, assesses its’ ability to respond to the key economic, environmental and social challenges currently facing the U.S. and proposes policies that if adopted would move the U.S. onto a more sustainable growth path. The paper provides scenarios of projected future growth trajectories, as well as recommendations for specific policies in key areas: employment, infrastructure, energy and fiscal rebalancing. To reach this goal this paper focuses on four areas for action: Increasing employment, which is the most urgent priority to accelerate recovery from the Great Recession, while addressing underlying structural issues that have led to a decade of poor economic outcomes for most citizens; Investing in the future, as the key marker of whether the United States is prepared to make farsighted decisions to improve education, build new infrastructure and increase innovation; Maximizing an increased energy endowment in a way that grows the economy, while reinforcing the trend towards reducing resource demand and reducing greenhouse gas emissions; and, Fiscal rebalancing, where the United States must insulate economic recovery from the process of fiscal reform while reducing and stabilizing debt over the long term. Finally, we argue that Presidentmore » Obama can re-energize America’s global leadership if he builds on a platform of domestic actions that enhance the sustainability of America’s society and economy.« less
Nationalism and Interstate Conflict: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis

Nationalism is widely viewed as a force for interstate violence, but does it really have an important effect on state aggression that cannot be explained by strategic concerns? I provide strong evidence that it does using regression discontinuity analysis. I take advantage of the fact that many countries experience a surge of nationalism when they go to the World Cup, and the World Cup qualification process from 1958-1998 produced a large number of countries that barely qualified or barely missed. I show that these countries are well-balanced across a wide range of factors, including past levels of aggression. However, the qualifiers experienced a significant spike in aggression during the World Cup year. I also replicate the analysis using the FIFA regional soccer championships and find similar results. In both cases, the estimated treatment effect is larger for authoritarian states than democracies, suggesting that democratic norms may help constrain nationalistic aggression.
Properties of a Soluble Nitrogenase in Azotobacter

Abstract A nitrogenase system that remains in the supernatant fluid after centrifuging for 3 hr at 180,000 × g can be extracted from Azotobacter vinelandii by osmotic lysis of the bacteria. This nitrogenase preparation is oxygen-labile and appears to be similar, though not identical, to that obtained from Clostridium pasteurianum. The particulate characteristic and oxygen stability of previously described preparations are likely due to the method of cell disruption, e.g., in the French pressure cell. The data support a nitrogenase model system in the intact cell in which oxygen-labile enzymes are protected from oxygen by the extensive internal membranous system which Azotobacter synthesize only when they fix nitrogen.
The academic and health policy conference on correctional health: evaluation of its academic and scientific impact

There is limited research and research dissemination on the care of detained persons, often due to barriers to conducting research in correctional settings. Additionally, while concerns exist about the quality of care delivered to inmates, only a small number of academic health science centers provide health care services behind bars. To strengthen the field of academic criminal justice health (ACJH), the Academic and Health Policy Conference on Correctional Health (AHPCCH) was launched in 2007. Objective: To assess the merits of the conference as a stimulus to advance the field of ACJH. Two hundred ninety-one individuals were identified who had presented at the AHPCCH and/or had received a conference attendance scholarship between 2011 and 2013. A web-based survey assessed: networking opportunities; motivation to disseminate or continue in this field; scholarly outputs; clinical practice changes; clinical guidelines development; curriculum/training opportunities; and a climate assessment at participant’s home institution in support of their work. With a 56 % response rate, the majority felt that the conference: provided encouragement and confidence to continue their work; validated their identity as a contributor in the field; and provided valuable feedback on their work. 86 % reported that the conference provided numerous networking opportunities. Most respondents reported that the conference provided new ideas for research and/or academic efforts and 62 % reported motivation to expand their scholarly work. Most also indicated that their choice to work in criminal justice health was respected at their home institution, with 64 % identifying collaborators with similar content interest/expertise and 66 % reporting opportunities to advance available as a result of their work. However, 70 % do not receive institutional funding during periods when their own extramural funding is low and 59 % were not part of an ACJH research core. The majority of presenters and scholars felt that the conference fulfilled professional development opportunities needed in the field. Moreover, the conference generated new ideas for research and/or academic efforts. Thus, the AHPCCH is a valuable opportunity for researchers, policymakers and clinicians to network, share and improve upon their work, generate research ideas and, ultimately, validate criminal justice health as an academic field of study.
Community Development Block Grants

This paper summarizes the decentralization policy effects found in an eight-year longitudinal study of the community development block grant program in the United States of America. The effects studied were categorized as programmatic, institutional, and benefits. Attention is also given to the methodological and measurement issues associated with a study of a decentralized program which has operated within a context of shifting federal policies about the appropriate level of federal oversight of the program. The point of emphasis is that analysis of policy effects requires a sufficiently long observation period to be able to discern the continuities and discontinuities from previous policy or lack of a policy. Furthermore, longitudinal policy analysis is also likely to require alteration and refinement of measurement techniques as the research progresses.
GRADED RHYTHMIC BEDDING IN THE CAPE EEAR FORMATION, CAROLINA COASTAL PLAIN

SUMMARY The Cape Fear Formation rests on basement rocks in the Cape Fear River valley of the North Carolina Coastal Plain. It consists primarily of graded muddy sand—sandy mud couplets. A typical sequence for each couplet starts with a disconformity, followed by a basal gravelly sand with megaclasts of quartz and clay pebbles, cross-bedded sand, and finally a structureless mud bed. Fossils are absent. The sand fraction is poorly sorted and the sediment has a clayey texture. Structures and textures suggest that each couplet is the product of a current waning from an upper flow regime, to the lower part of a lower flow regime. Turbidity current and fluvial origins are considered. Cross-bedding and textural criteria indicate that normal, low-density currents are responsible for at least part of the typical sequence. A normal fluvial origin is rendered less likely by the absence of mud cracking, root casts, and textural criteria of a partitioned subaerial environment. Stratigraphic and geochemical considerations suggest that the formation may have been deposited in estuaries or coastal lagoons; if so, the stratification may record sedimentation during the periodic flushing of saline water by river floods.
Treatment of gout: what is new and how can we handle gout better?

Gout, recognized since ancient times, appears to be increasing in prevalence. It is a particularly important issue for those caring for our aging population as its incidence increases with age and increased incidence of gout is related to comorbidities and longevity [1]. Hyperuricimia and gout are associated with cardiovascular disease, and other features of the metabolic syndrome [2] occur more often as renal function (and urate clearance) decreases. Acute painful gouty arthritis can be induced by the use of required drugs, such as diuretics. Gout, although uncommon in premenopausal women, occurs commonly in women past the menopause due to the loss of the urate-lowering effect of estrogen. Although the general features of effective treatment have changed little, some details can allow improved use of current modalities. In addition, some newer agents are becoming available and are important to understand.
Prostaglandin A2 increases uveoscleral outflow and trabecular outflow facility in the cat.

Prostaglandins (PG) are very effective ocular hypotensive agents. It is generally agreed that these drugs reduce intraocular pressure primarily by increasing uveoscleral outflow. They may also increase trabecular outflow facility though available evidence is less convincing. It has been hypothesized that PGs may increase facility of uveoscleral outflow in addition to their other mechanisms, but this has not yet been tested. To help clarify the ocular hypotensive mechanism of action of a derived PG of the A type, cats were treated twice daily for one week with PGA2 (0·01%) to one eye and vehicle to the other. Measurements were made of aqueous flow and outflow facility with fluorophotometry and of intraocular pressure with pneumatonometry. From these values, uveoscleral outflow was calculated. In addition, total outflow facility, uveoscleral outflow, and uveoscleral outflow facility were determined with invasive methods. PGA2 significantly reduced IOP by a mean of at least 4·7 mmHg in all experiments with all P-values less than 0·01. Compared with contralateral vehicle-treated control eyes, uveoscleral outflow in the treated eye was significantly (P It is concluded that PGA2 decreases IOP in cats by increasing uveoscleral outflow and trabecular outflow facility as measured with fluorophotometry. A significant increase in aqueous flow reduces the ocular hypotensive effect.
Identification of a New Phosphorylation Site in Cardiac Muscle Phosphofructokinase

The novel phosphorylation site (Ser376) that we discovered during in vitro studies of the troponin C- or calmodulin-induced phosphorylation of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase [Zhao, Z., Malencik, D.A., and Anderson, S. R. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 2204] also undergoes phosphorylation in the epinephrine-stimulated rabbit heart. Reversed-phase HPLC and/or iron chelate affinity chromatography performed on CNBr digests of phosphofructokinase that had been isolated from epinephrine-treated hearts yields a largely phosphorylated peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 371-378 of the enzyme. Mass spectrometry, gas phase sequencing, and amino acid analyses establish the structure and phosphorylation state of the peptide.
Photoionization of potassium atoms from the ground and excited states

The Dirac-based $B$-spline $R$-matrix method is used to investigate the photoionization of atomic potassium from the $4s$ ground and $4p$, $5s$-$7s$, $3d$-$5d$ excited states. The effect of the core polarization by the outer electron is included through the polarized pseudostates. Besides the dipole core polarization, we also found a noticeable influence of the quadrupole core polarization. We obtained excellent agreement with experiment for cross sections of the $4s$ photoionization, including accurate description of the near-threshold Cooper-Seaton minimum. We also obtained close agreement with experiment for the $4p$ photoionization, but there are unexpectedly large discrepancies with available experimental data for photoionization of the $5d$ and $7s$ excited states.
High temporal resolution cardiac cone-beam CT using a slowly rotating C-arm gantry

Purpose: To achieve three dimensional isotropic dynamic cardiac CT imaging with high temporal resolution for evaluation of cardiac function with a slowly rotating C-arm system. Method and Materials: A recently introduced extension to compressed sensing, viz. Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS), in which a prior image is used as a constraint in the reconstruction has enabled this application. An in-vivo animal experiment (e.g. a beagle model) was conducted using an interventional C-arm system. The imaging protocol was as follows: contrast was injected, the contrast equilibrated, breathing was suspended for ~14 seconds during which time 420 equally spaced projections were acquired. This data set was used to reconstruct a fully sampled blurred image volume using the conventional FDK algorithm (e.g. the prior image). Then the data set was retrospectively gated into 19 phases according to the recorded ECG signal (heart rate ~ 95bpm) and images were reconstructed with the PICCS algorithm. Results: Cardiac MR was used as the gold standard due to its high temporal resolution. The same short-axis slice was selected from the PICCS-CT data set and the MR data set. Manual contouring on the peak systolic and peak diastolic frames was performed to assess the ejection fraction contribution from this single plane. The calculated ejection fractions with PICCS-CT agreed well with the MR results. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the ability to use a slowly rotating interventional C-arm system in order to make measurements of cardiac function. The new technique provides high isotropic spatial resolution (~0.5 mm) along with high temporal resolution (~ 33 ms). The evaluation of cardiac function demonstrated a great agreement with single slice cardiac MR.
Pulsed magnetic fields enhance nitric oxide synthase activity in rat cerebellum

Abstract The effect of pulsed magnetic fields on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the rat brain was investigated. Sprague–Dawley rats (male, 200–250 g body weight) brain were dissected regionally, and the crude enzyme solutions were treated with pulsed DC, AC or static DC magnetic fields at 0°C for 1 h. After exposure, NOS activity was measured as nitrite and nitrate levels generated from incubation with arginine, CaCl 2 and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Under these experimental conditions, neither AC nor static DC field treatment showed any significant change in NOS activity. A significant increase in NOS activity was observed in the cerebellum (111.2±2.0%, P
The stochastic control of the F-8C aircraft using the multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) method

The purpose of this paper is to summarize results obtained for the adaptive control of the F-8C aircraft using the so-called MMAC method. The discussion includes the selection of the performance criteria for both the lateral and the longitudinal dynamics, the design of the Kalman filters for different flight conditions, the "identification" aspects of the design using hypothesis testing ideas, and the performance of the closed loop adaptive system.
Biomechanical analysis of the mechanism of interlocking nail failure

From December 1986 to May 1989, 412 patients with 274 femoral and 144 tibial fractures were treated with Grosse-Kempf interlocking nails at our hospital. 324 cases (78.6%) were followed-up for at least 1 year (average 23 months). There were 13 breakages in the locking nails in femora and none in tibiae. The recorded incidence of breakage in the femur is therefore 4.7% (13/274). The mechanisms of locking nail failure are stress concentration around screw hole and nail slot, nicking of the nail during drilling of the screw holes, too close proximity of the screw hole to the fracture, and larger loading over the proximal femur. The incidence of failure is 4.9% in the upper third, 1.9% in the mid-third, and 8.2% in the distal third (P > 0.05, χ2 test). The site most at risk is the first screw hole of the distal third, especially if it is near the fracture site. Prevention of failure involves using a nail of larger diameter and sufficient length, improving the surgical drilling technique, and allowing only protected weight bearing. Management of nail breakage by insertion of a new implant and supplementary cancellous bone grafting can gain satisfactory results.
Integration of geometric and nongeometric attributes for fast object-recognition

Both man-made and natural objects are described by both their geometric shapes and by their non-geometric attributes such as color. The objective of the proposed research is to create a system which integrates geometric and non-geometric attribute information for fast 3-D model-based object recognition. Hashing is employed in a hypothesis and verify approach to the 3-D model-based object recognition problem. Viewpoint independent attributes are used in the hypothesis generation stage to eliminate model objects from consideration during hypothesis formation. Utilizing more than one attribute in the proposed hashing scheme helps to ensure a reduction in the actual execution time for object recognition over a larger number of model-bases. A nice feature of the system is that new object attributes can be added with relative ease. Issues concerning the ranking of attributes by their distinctiveness with respect to the objects in the model-base are discussed.
Uric Acid Inhibits Placental System A Amino Acid Uptake

Hyperuricemia, a common clinical characteristic of preeclamptic pregnancies, has historically been considered a marker of reduced renal function in preeclamptic women. More recently it has been suggested that uric acid may directly contribute to pathological cell signaling events involved in disease progression as well as maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction. We hypothesize that the increased frequency of restricted fetal growth seen in relation to increasing uric acid concentrations in preeclamptic women is in part the result of uric acid-induced reductions in amino acid transport across the placenta. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of uric acid on human placental System A amino acid transport using a primary placental villous explant model. Further, we examined the necessity of uric acid uptake and the role of redox signaling as a potential mechanism through which uric acid may attenuate System A activity. Placental uptake of a radiolabeled amino acid analogue, specific to the System A transporter, was reduced in a concentration-dependent fashion with increasing uric acid (0-7 mg/dL), corresponding to uric acid concentrations measured in healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women in the third trimester. Uric acid-induced reduction in System A activity was partially reversed by NADPH oxidase inhibition and completely eliminated by antioxidant treatment. This study demonstrates inhibition of placental System A amino acid transport with uric acid treatment, as a result of uric acid-induced stimulation of intracellular redox signaling cascades. These findings may be relevant to the increased frequency of fetal growth restriction observed in hyperuricemic preeclampsia. Additionally the results of this study, indicating a detrimental effect of hyperuricemia on amino acid transport in the placenta, at concentrations present in women with preeclampsia, also suggest a role for uric acid in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Pathological staging and biochemical recurrence after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy in combination with radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer: results of a phase II study

Objectives To assess the pathological staging and biochemical progression-free survival (assessed using serum prostate-specific antigen level) of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer using neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Patients and methods A prospective study was carried out on 69 patients with localized prostate cancer who were enrolled in a trial of 3 months of ADT followed by RRP (group 1). These patients were compared with 72 patients matched for age and clinical stage who declined ADT therapy and had RRP concurrently (group 2). Assignment to the individual treatment groups was thus determined by the patient's preference and not the physician's selection. Pathological staging and biochemical progression-free recurrence were compared between the groups. Results The rate of organ-confined (pT2) tumours was 74% in group 1 and 49% in group 2 (P<0.01), and the rate of margin-negative tumours was 87% in group 1 and 64% in group 2 (P<0.01). Within a median follow-up of 35 months, there was no significant difference in biochemical failure between the groups (P=0.37). Patients with pT2 disease, regardless of treatment, had similar biochemical failure rates. In the patients with margin-positive disease, there was a significantly higher biochemical failure rate in group 1 (P=0.02). Conclusions The rates of organ- and specimen-confined disease were higher among the patients treated with ADT. The preliminary follow-up suggested that patients with pT2 disease after ADT have a biochemical progression-free recurrence rate similar to pT2 patients treated with RRP alone. Additionally, high biochemical failure rates in patients with margin-positive disease after ADT may identify a subset of more biologically aggressive tumours in need of early adjuvant treatment.
Crystal Structure and Triboluminescence 2. 9-Anthracenecarboxylic Acid and Its Esters

Triboluminescence activity is usually assumed to be a consequence of crystal dissymmetry; however, the multitude of reports of centrosymmetric triboluminescent materials cast doubt on that assumption. We examine here the connection between triboluminescence and crystal symmetry without prejudice, by synthesizing 12 esters of 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid and correlating their triboluminescence activity and that of the acid with crystal structure, purity, and photoluminescence. In this series, a noncentrosymmetric crystal structure is necessary but not sufficient for triboluminescence in relatively pure materials; impurities are necessary for triboluminescence activity in all centrosymmetric and one noncentrosymmetric materials. Crystallization motif and other structure factors were only weakly correlated with triboluminescence. The results provide evidence in support of a charge separation and recombination mechanism for the excitation of the triboluminescence.
Numerical-chemosystematic studies of infraspecific variation in Juniperus pinchotii

Abstract Twenty-seven populations of Juniperus pinchotii were sampled throughout the range of this taxon including several populations often referred to J. erythrocarpa . The terpenoids were extracted and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Population differentiation was analyzed by analysis of variance and numerical taxonomy. Juniperus pinchotii appears to be fairly uniform in west Texas with considerable variation in the transPecos region of Texas and the populations at Saltillo and Chihuahua City, Mexico. One population in Mexico just south of the Chisos Mountains was more similar to typical J. pinchotii from west Texas than to adjacent populations, inferring a past (Pleistocene ?) connection with the west Texas populations. Pleistocene migrations are discussed. No evidence of hybridization nor introgression from other taxa was found. Juniperus erythrocarpa is informally treated as a part of J. pinchotii until additional studies have been completed.
A sphaleron solution in the CPN−1 model

Abstract We find a sphaleron solution in the CP N −1 model for general N . The solution is found to be the embedding of the Mottola and Wipf CP 1 solution in CP N −1 . The decay rate at finite temperature is estimated for large N .
Abstract 3230: Immortalization of human small airway epithelial cells as a model for studying lung tumor transformation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Normal human lung epithelial cells that can be genetically manipulated to study the various steps in lung cancer pathogenesis and stem cell biology would be of great utility and also provide isogenic strains to develop and test new diagnostic (biomarkers), preventative and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer. Previously we immortalized normal proximal human lung bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) for studying lung tumors arising in the central compartment of the lung and now have over 40 of these strains (growing in defined KSFM media) including many isogenic derivatives with various oncogenic changes (Can Res 2004, Can Res 2006). We have extended this by immortalizing normal distal (small airway) epithelial cells that serve as models for studying tumors arising in the peripheral compartment of the lung. Using Cdk4 and hTERT exogenous expression vectors (as used for HBECs) and SAGM defined media routinely immortalized (N= 15) human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs) from peripheral lung. These HSAEC strains are highly enriched (>50%) for cells with stem like properties (e.g. Aldehyde dehydrogenase positivity), express basal cell markers but not Clara cell, type 1 or type 2 differentiation markers., However, HSAECs can be induced to express Clara cell, type 1 or type 2 cell markers when they are grown in matrigel (where they form cyst like structures which express such differentiation markers) and under other conditions favoring differentiation (such as insulin depletion, Ca2+ addition). HSAECs show anchorage dependent growth, do not form colonies in soft agar, and are non-tumorigenic in NOD/SCID mice. However, HSAECs can be genetically manipulated by introducing oncogenes (such as KRASV12, missense p53 and other oncogene combinations) which now allow HSAECs to progress towards a transformed phenotype (e.g. formation of soft agar colonies), and selection of a subset of HSAEC(KRAS, p53) large soft agar colonies identifies sublines that can now form poorly differentiated carcinomas. Thus, we have developed conditions to routinely immortalize lung epithelial cells derived from distal small airways (HSAECs) which grow in defined media, exhibit stem cell like characteristics, and can be genetically manipulated to give rise to poorly differentiated cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3230.
Synthesis and crystal structures of complexes based on the ligand meso-1,4-phenylenebis(hydroxyacetic acid)

Abstract The syntheses and crystal structures of compounds based on the ligand 1,4-phenylenebis (hydroxyacetic acid) (H2L) are reported for the first time. Three chain structures based on H2L and divalent metal cations were synthesized and characterized and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds PbL (1), CoL(H2O)2·2H2O (2), and ZnL(H2O)2·2H2O (3) have similar infinite chains of metal centers bridged by 1,4-phenylenebis(hydroxyacetic acid). The coordination spheres of the transition metal ions are completed by coordinating water molecules in the isostructural compounds 2 and 3. The non-covalent secondary bonding requirement of Pb2+ in 1 and interchain hydrogen bonds in 2 and 3 lead to different packing of the chains.
Visual Test Devices

A device for showing on a screen the frequency-response curve of a tuned circuit, tuned transformer, amplifier or complete radio set is described in this paper. The action of the device is practically instantaneous, and the effect of circuit adjustments may be seen immediately. The principles and operation of the device are explained, and it is shown how the derivative of the response curve may be obtained electrically and shown on the screen, to allow more accurate location of the resonant frequency, by giving a sharp crossing of the axis at that frequency. Operating characteristics and fidelity curves for the latest development of this device are given.
Giving and receiving social support at work: The roles of personality and reciprocity.

Social support is an important variable in occupational stress research and theory, yet little is know about the factors that influence the amount of social support one gives, and receives at work. We examined personality (extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness) and reciprocity as potential antecedents to giving and receiving support from co-workers. Data collected from 108 participants employed in a number of organizations indicated that giving social support was positively associated with the receipt of social support. Both extraversion and agreeableness predicted giving and receiving non-job support and positive work-related support. The relationship between personality and social support received was, in many cases, mediated by social support given.
Modular filters based on filter sharpening and optimal minimax design

A filter design algorithm is presented that can be viewed as a generalization of filter sharpening with guaranteed minimax optimality and that leads to an efficient modular topology. The structure consists of repetitive usage of a given sub-filter in a fashion similar to a traditional tapped-delay line. In cases where a sub-filter is not specified a priori, a low order sub-filter that approximates the given filter specifications can be used in this structure. The transfer functions of the overall modular filters obtained with this algorithm can be expressed mathematically as the functional composition of two transfer functions. This mathematical formulation creates a convenient framework to analyze and reduce sensitivity with respect to coefficients of the sub-filter or the tap coefficients without altering the characteristics of the overall design.
“Bath salts” induced severe reversible cardiomyopathy

Patient: Male, 27 Final Diagnosis: Bath salt induced cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Agitation • fever • pedal edema Medication: Intravenous nor-epinephrine for less than 6 hours Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Internal medicine • cardiology. OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course. BACKGROUND: "Bath salts" is the street name for a group of recently identified and increasingly abused stimulant synthetic cathinones that are associated with multiple systemic effects. We present a case of a patient who developed reversible dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to their use. CASE REPORT: A 27 year old male with no past medical history was brought to emergency department with agitation. He had been inhaling and intravenously injecting "bath salts", containing a mephedrone/Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) combination. On presentation, he was tachycardic, hypotensive and febrile. His initial labs showed an elevated white count, creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase levels. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate; C-reactive protein; urinalysis; urine drug screen; Human Immunodeficiency Virus, hepatitis, coxsackie, and influenza serology were normal. EKG showed sinus tachycardia. An echocardiogram was done which showed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction (EF) of 15-20% and global hypokinesia. A left heart catheterization was done and was negative for coronary artery disease. At a 20 week follow up, he had stopped abusing bath salts and was asymptomatic. A repeat echocardiogram showed an EF of 52%. COCNLUSIONS: Bath salts (MDPV, mephedrone) are synthetic cathinones with amphetamine/cocaine like properties with potential cardiotoxic effects. Cardiovascular manifestations reported include tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. "Bath salts" can also cause severe reversible dilated cardiomyopathy. Prior to diagnosis, other causes of cardiomyopathy including ischemic, infectious, familial, immunological, metabolic and cytotoxic may need to be ruled out; as was done in our patient. Language: en
Promoting Self-Care Management among Persons with Serious Mental Illness and HIV.

People with a serious mental illness (SMI) along with HIV have complex health conditions. This population also has high rates of poverty, difficulty in sustaining regular housing, and limited supportive networks. Typically, the combination of psychotropic and HIV medication regimens is complicated, changes frequently, and requires coordination among multiple providers. Furthermore, fragmented and divided primary health care and mental health care systems present substantial barriers for these individuals and for the public health nurses who care for them. In this paper, we present “real world” case studies of individuals with SMI and HIV and the self-care management strategies used by nurses to address medication and treatment management, build interpersonal skills, and develop sustainable health networks. The case studies can be used for quality improvement discussions among practicing public health nurses and for instructing nursing students in a self-care management approach.
Biopolymer determinations by high-performance liquid chromatography with low angle laser light scattering photometry

Abstract Low angle laser light scattering spectrophotometry (LALLS) can be successfully interfaced with modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the separation and determination of protein biopolymers. Most, if not all, modern HPLC modes may be compatible with on-line LALLS instrumentation. Significant information about biopolymer behavior, conformational changes, aggregate formation, adduct formation, degradation and cleavage, and other changes in physical structure can be derived by on-line LALLS measurements. Methods for successfully using current commercial LALLS instrumentation in modern HPLC biopolymer separations are described, and applications from the literature are mentioned. Suggestions are presented for future improvements in interfacing HPLC biopolymer separations with on-line LALLS, as well as refractive index (RI, dn) and concentration (UV, dc), measurements. Approaches are suggested for measuring the excess Rayleigh factor (R θ exc ), change in refractive index (dn), change in concentration (dc), and deducing the specific refractive index increment (dn/dc) and absolute molecular weight (M w ave ) for each incremental elution point.
Denoising HSI images for standoff target detection

Hyperspectral image denoising methods aim to improve the spatial and spectral quality of the image to increase the effectiveness of target detection algorithms. Comparing denoising methods is difficult, because sometimes authors have compared their algorithms to simple methods such as Wiener filter and wavelet thresholding. We would like to compare only the most effective methods for standoff target detection using sampled training spectra. Our overall goal is to implement an HSI algorithm to detect possible weapons and shielding materials in a scene, using a lab collected library of materials spectra. Selection of a suitable method is based on PSNR, classification accuracy, and time complexity. Since our goal is target detection, classification accuracy is more emphasized; however, an algorithm that requires large processing time would not be effective for the purpose of real-time detection. Elapsed time between HSI data collection and its processing could allow changes or movement in the scene, decreasing the validity of results. Based on our study, the First Order Roughness Penalty algorithm provides computation time of less than 2 seconds, but only provides an overall accuracy of 88% for the Indian Pines dataset. The Spectral Spatial Adaptive Total Variation method increases overall accuracy to almost 97%, but requires a computation time of over 50 seconds. For standoff target detection, Spectral Spatial Adaptive Total Variation is preferable, because it increases the probability of classification. By increasing the percentage of weapons materials that are correctly identified, further actions such as inspection or interception can be determined with confidence.
Typification Notes for Croton (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract. Croton has been lectotypified by various authors with two different species, C. aromaticus and C. tiglium. We discuss why C. tiglium has priority. The name for the largest section of Croton has long been accepted to be section Cascarilla, but the recognition of its type species, Croton cascarilla, as a synonym of C. eluteria, the type of section Eluteria, requires a change in the accepted name for the group. The correct basionym and type species of section Geiseleria, which is emerging as one of the three largest New World sections of the genus, is clarified. Lectotypes are designated for C. adenophyllus, C. affinis, C. buchtienii, C. campestris, C. chamaedrifolius, C. fergusonii, C. linearis, C. miquelensis, and C. trinitatis. Epitypes are designated for Clutia cascarilla, Croton chamaedrifolius, and C. linearis.
The Metabolism of Indole-3-acetic Acid by Geranium Stem Callus Cultures

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Primary tuberculosis of the pancreas mimicking a pancreatic tumor.

Background. Diagnosis of tuberculosis of the pancreas is often missed, and may present to the clinician as a difficult diagnostic problem. Methods. We report an extremely rare case of a 35-year-old woman who admitted for acute pain in the right upper quadrant, jaundice, fever 38°C and chills. During the last 8 mo, she developed increasing fatigue and a weight loss of approx 10 kg. Results. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a mass in the head of the pancreas, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a stenosis of the second part of duodenum and a pancreatico-duodenum fistula. Frozen sections by direct trucut needle biopsy raised suspicions of a malignancy, and a Whipple procedure was performed as a radical procedure. The final histopathology revealed a chronic granulomatous lesion with caseating necrosis. Mycobacterium of tuberculosis was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Conclusion. This unusual case emphasizes that in suspected cases of pancreatic carcinoma with an atypical presentation, an attempt should be made to confirm the diagnosis by CT-guided needle biopsy, or by ultrasound endoscopic fine-needle aspiration.
Integrating business risk into auditor judgment about the risk of material misstatement: The influence of a strategic-systems-audit approach

Auditing standards direct auditors to consider business risk and other risk factors when they evaluate the overall risk of material misstatement during the planning phase of an audit. Large audit firms generally use either a strategic-systems approach (SSA) or a transaction-focused approach (TFA) to evaluate misstatement risk. This study used data from a laboratory experiment to examine whether (1) being trained to use either SSA or TFA and (2) analyzing information organized in an SSA or TFA format influence the extent to which auditors integrate knowledge of business risk into their judgment about the likelihood of financial misstatement. Only auditors trained to use SSA who analyzed information provided in an SSA format effectively integrated business risk assessments with their assessment of the risk of material misstatement.
From democratic socialism to neoliberalism: the metamorphoses of the people's national party in Jamaica

Why are leftist parties in government abandoning their state-led, redistributive economic development models in favor of market-determined neoliberal ones? Conventional explanations emphasize conditionality of international financial institutiosn. This argument, though, fails to account for differences in economic policy choices across countries or within a country over time. Analyzing the social democratic People's National Party of Jamaica during two periods when it accepted IMF-mandated neoliberal economic reform measures (1977–80 and 1989-present), an alternative approach is presented to illuminate why and how leftist governments switch economic policy programs. The two time periods show that IMF conditionality might be a necessary motivation for the adoption of neoliberal economic measures, but it is not sufficient motivation.