cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiationless transitions as a protection mechanism against photoinhibition in higher plants and a red alga

Exposure of the red alga Porphyra perforata or leaves of Phytolacca americana and Echinodorus sp. to white light equivalent to full sunlight for short periods induced large decreases of variable fluorescence measured at 695 nm at 77K. This change was not produced by photoinhibition but rather appeared to result from an increase in the rate constant of radiationless transition in the reaction centers of photosystem II. It is proposed that this increase is related to the formation of the high energy state which serves as a photoproteotive mechanism in plants.
Enforced Electrical Neutrality of the Color-Flavor Locked Phase

We demonstrate that quark matter in the color-flavor locked phase of QCD is rigorously electrically neutral, despite the unequal quark masses, and even in the presence of an electron chemical potential. As long as the strange quark mass and the electron chemical potential do not preclude the color-flavor locked phase, quark matter is automatically neutral. No electrons are required and none are admitted.
Lysosomal catabolism of a protein toxin: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

Abstract Lysosomal proteases of rabbit liver, kidney and polymorphonuclear cells were tested for their ability to hydrolyze staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a protein exotoxin (mol. wt 28 494) of Staphylococcus aureus. All lysosomal preparations effectively inactivated and catabolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B in vitro, but only at pH values less than 3.2 and coincident with acid denaturation of toxin. Minimal digestion of staphylococcal enterotoxin B without loss of biological properties was observed at lower H+ concentrations (pH 3.5–6.0). Denaturation of toxin by heating or performic acid oxidation markedly increased the pH range as well as the extent to which staphylococcal enterotoxin B was hydrolyzed. Iodination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by either a chloramine T or a modified enzymatic method yielded derivatives which were more resistant to lysosomal digestion than the unmodified molecule. These results suggest that modification of a protein's native structure may either increase or decrease its susceptibility to digestion by lysosomal proteases.
Nutritive Value Responses of Rhizoma Peanut to Nitrogen and Harvest Frequency

Management strategies to enhance or preserve nutritive value of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) would be beneficial because high plant growth rates and adverse weather at harvest often result in low nutritive value for both pastures and hay along the coastal plain of the lower Gulf Coast. The objective of this study was to determine if a 30- or 60-d harvest frequency or 0, 110, or 220 kg N ha -1 fertilization could be managed to enhance crude protein (CP) yield and nutritive value of rhizoma peanut at three locations in Louisiana. Crude protein, neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and digestible NDF (DNDF) were measured on Florigraze' rhizoma peanut grown at three Louisiana locations in 1997 and 1998. Nitrogen fertilization increased CP yield approximately 80 kg ha -1 for the 110 and 220 kg N ha -1 treatments at two locations in I of 2 yr. Nitrogen fertilization affected nutritive value at two harvests at two locations in 1998 only. However, nutritive value was consistently lower for 60-d harvests than for 30-d harvests and was more consistent. Rhizoma peanut harvested in 1997 at 30-d intervals had 50 g kg -1 greater CP, 72 g kg -1 greater IVTD, and 40 g kg -1 greater DNDF coupled with 80 g kg -1 lower NDF than rhizoma peanut harvested at 60-d intervals. Likewise, there were seasonal influences on nutritive value. Responses in CP yield and nutritive value observed in this study were influenced more by environment (primarily rainfall) than by N fertilization and harvest management.
Coordination polymers of Schiff base ligands and their monomeric analogs

Abstract Polymeric coordination complexes of Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) have been prepared from the ligands N, N′-bis-(salicylidene)-3,3′-bis(methylthio) benzidine (SMB) and N, N′-[bis(salicylidene)]-bis(o-methylthioaniline) (BSA) and characterized in terms of their magnetic, spectral, and analytical properties. The monomeric analogs of these complexes have been prepared from the ligands N-salicylidene-o-methylthioaniline (SMA) and N-(o-hydroxyacetophenylidene)-o-methylthioaniline (HMA) and similarly characterized. The Pd(II) complexes of these ligands have been prepared and have the formulas Pd(SMA or HMA)Cl and Pd2 (SMB or BSA)Cl2 but no Pd(II) polymeric complexes were isolated. A low spin Co(II) complex was prepared having the formula Co(SMB)2 and is thought to be approximately square planar.
A randomized clinical trial of ursodeoxycholic acid as adjuvant treatment to prevent liver transplant rejection

Acute rejection following orthotopic liver transplantation is a common problem despite current immunosuppressive regimens. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown in small, open-labeled studies to prevent rejection episodes, although its effects on complications such as infections, length of hospital stay, and survival have not been evaluated. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to determine if UDCA (10-15 mg/kg/d) added to a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen was associated with a decrease in the incidence of at least one episode of acute cellular rejection. Secondary end-points included determining differences in the total number of rejection episodes, the use of muromonab-CD3, the incidence of infections, length of hospital stay, and survival at 90 days and 1 year. Fifty-two patients were randomized, 28 to the treatment group and 24 to the placebo group. During the 3 months of the trial, there was no difference between the placebo and UDCA groups in the number of patients who were rejection-free; however, there were significantly fewer patients in the treatment group who had multiple episodes of acute rejection (0 vs. 6; P = .007). Patients in the treatment group experienced a significantly lower incidence of bacterial infections (4% vs. 29%; P = .02), shorter hospital stay (25 days vs. 34 days; P = .03), and better 90-day survival (100% vs. 83%; P = .04) and 1-year survival (93% vs. 79%). The addition of UDCA to a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen results in significantly fewer patients experiencing multiple episodes of rejection and improved survival at 90 days and at 1 year. The use of UDCA as adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing liver transplantation who are treated with a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen should be considered.
Neighborhood resources, racial segregation, and economic mobility: Results from the Gautreaux program

This study uses the unique design of the Gautreaux residential mobility program to estimate the long-run impacts of placement neighborhood conditions on the AFDC receipt (N = 793) and employment levels (N = 1258) of low-income Black women. We find that women initially placed in neighborhoods with few Black residents and moderate to high neighborhood resources experienced significantly more time employed when compared with women placed in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of Blacks and a low level of resources. Women placed in neighborhoods with high levels of resources and low Black populations also spent significantly less time on welfare than women placed in highly Black segregated areas with low levels of resources.
Strong communication complexity or generating quasi-random sequences from two communicating semi-random sources

The semi-random source, defined by Santha and Vazirani, is a general mathematical mode for imperfect and correlated sources of randomness (physical sources such as noise dicdes). In this paper an algorithm is presented which efficiently generates “high quality” random sequences (quasirandom bit-sequences) from two independent semi-random sources. The general problem of extracting “high quality” bits is shown to be related to communication complexity theory, leading to a definition of strong communication complexity of a boolean function. A hierarchy theorem for strong communication complexity classes is proved; this allows the previous algorithm to be generalized to one that can generate quasi-random sequences from two communicating semi-random sources
RE-EVALUATION OF WOLPE AND DOLLARD-MILLER.

Abstract The major inadequacy in both Wolpe's and Dollard and Miller's learning-theory approach to therapy, is an oversimplified view of “stimulus” and “response”. Dollard and Miller's analysis of conventional psychotherapy accurately reflects the heavy emphasis on verbal mediation of emotional and instrumental responses in psychotherapy. Wolpe's work, on the other hand, belongs to a different tradition: his techniques involve direct intervention, by a variety of means, into the behaviour patterns to be eliminated, and direct training of new behaviour patterns. The debate over the relative merits of verbal versus non-verbal approaches to therapy has been confounded by a debate over ethical or philosophical attitudes.
The influence of gender, social cause, charitable support, and message appeal on Gen Y's responses to cause-related marketing

Abstract This study examined the influence of gender, type of social cause, amount of charitable support, and message appeal on Gen Y consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions towards an apparel brand within the context of cause-related marketing. A questionnaire, with an experimental design component, was administered to a sample of 562 Gen Y college students. Results suggest that Gen Y consumers are more likely to form positive attitudes towards an apparel brand when the amount of the charitable support is clearly communicated. Gender did not influence attitude towards brand, but did predict purchase intentions. Attitude towards brand, subjective norm, evaluation of the advertisement, and involvement in social causes were strong predictors of purchase intentions. When developing CRM initiatives, marketers should consider Gen Y's involvement in a social cause (e.g. volunteerism) rather than their stated interest in the given cause, and they would be well advised to state precisely (in advertisements) ...
Regulation of Dissolution Rate by Pellet Geometry

The influence of surface configuration on the dissolution behavior of pellets suspended in a turbulent flow field has been investigated. The rate of dissolution of extruded cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate pellets was found to be a complex function of surface geometry. The study was undertaken to determine the in vitro sustained release characteristics of pellets of a form such that their loss of effective surface area during dissolution is minimized. Factors involved in the design of such pellets are discussed and data are presented which indicate the dissolution characteristics of test forms.
Manganese(III) Complexes Involving Pentadentate Schiff Base Ligands

Abstract Manganese(III) complexes incorporating pentadentate Schiff base ligands have been prepared from their manganese(II) precursors via two routes. These routes involve oxidation by molecular oxygen in the presence of an anion, and oxidation by iodine. Magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, and visible spectral measurements suggest that the manganese ion is in a pseudo octahedral environment.
A mammalian temperature-sensitive mutation affecting G1 progression results from a single amino acid substitution in asparagine synthetase

ts11 is a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant isolated from the BHK-21 Syrian hamster cell line that is blocked in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at the non-permissive temperature (39.5 degrees C). We previously showed that the human gene encoding asparagine synthetase (AS) transformed ts11 cells to a ts+ phenotype and that ts11 cells were auxotrophic for asparagine at 39.5 degrees C. We show here that ts11 cells exhibit a ts phenotype for AS activity, and that the ts11 AS was much heat-labile than the wt enzyme. We have isolated AS cDNAs from wt BHK and ts11 cells and found that wt, but not ts11 AS cDNAs were capable of transformation. The deduced amino acid sequence of Syrian hamster AS showed 95% identity to the human protein as well as the same number of residues. The inability of the ts11 AS cDNAs to transform was due to a single base change, a C to T transition, that would result in the substitution of leucine with phenylalanine at a residue located in the C-terminal fourth of the enzyme. Thus the ts11 mutation identifies a mutated, thermolabile AS.
The effect of gonadotropin withdrawal and stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin on intratesticular androstenedione and DHEA in normal men.

Serum and intratesticular androstenedione and intratesticular DHEA suppress with gonadotropin suppression, and are similarly stimulated by hCG, but serum DHEA remains unchanged.
Exact solution in the cosmological chaotic inflation model with induced gravity

Abstract We present a new, exact solution in the cosmological chaotic inflation model with induced gravity. The spectral index of the scalar density fluctuations, n s , is computed, and is consistent with the analyses of Boomerang data. The effective cosmological constant Λ eff tends to zero when inflation ends.
Calcium‐Channel Entry Blocker Therapy for Hypertensive Patients with Concomitant Renal Impairment: A Focus on Isradipine

In the treatment of hypertension in renally impaired patients, normalization of blood pressure alone may not be sufficient to prevent significant morbidity to the kidneys. Treatment must reduce pressure in the renal vasculature, otherwise glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow will continue to deteriorate. Isradipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, has been investigated as a suitable treatment in this setting. Isradipine maintains glomerular filtration rate, preserves or enhances renal plasma flow, decreases renal vascular resistance, maintains or reduces filtration fraction, and exerts a sustained natriuretic effect, all of which may enable isradipine to slow the rate of progression of renal deterioration. In addition, isradipine may decrease proteinuria and may decrease glomerular capillary pressure by dilating both the efferent and afferent arterioles. Unlike older calcium-channel blockers, isradipine exhibits minimal cardiodepressant activity and is not associated with any negative inotropic effects. It is metabolized in the liver and dosage adjustments may not be necessary when administered to patients with renal insufficiency. Isradipine has a favorable renal effect profile and also has several properties that meet the requirements of other patient populations where an extra measure of antihypertensive safety is required, such as diabetics, dialysis patients, and transplant recipients. Side effects with isradipine are usually mild and transient, occurring in a dose-dependent manner.
The maps. Clone by clone by clone.

The public project's sequencing strategy involved producing a map of the human genome, and then pinning sequence to it. This helps to avoid errors in the sequence, especially in repetitive regions.
A simple and green method for the synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles

Integration of “green chemistry” principles into nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research today. In this work, we report an environmentally benign method for the preparation of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag nanoparticles in water, using glucose as the reducing agent and starch as the protecting agent. The alloy nanoparticles prepared in this way appears to be homogeneous and their sizes are well within the quantum size domain (<10 nm), where they are more amenable to size-dependent changes in electronic properties.
Optical absorption spectrum of hydrogenic atoms in a strong magnetic field

Abstract Energy levels, wave functions, and oscillator strengths are calculated for a hydrogenic atom in a uniform, static magnetic field. The results are exact in the strong field limit. The intensity of optical transitions from the ground state to states in the energy continuum is obtained as an explicit function of the energy. The results are applied to a discussion of the magneto-optical absorption spectrum of excitons in semiconductors.
The three dimensional motion and stability of a rotating space station-cable-counterweight configuration

The three dimensional equations of motion for a cable connected space station - counterweight system are developed using a Lagrangian formulation. The system model employed allows for cable and end body damping and restoring effects. The equations are then linearized about the equilibrium motion and nondimensionalized. To first degree, the out-of-plane equations uncouple from the in-plane equations. Therefore, the characteristic polynomials for the in-plane and out-of-plane equations are developed and treated separately. From the general in-plane characteristic equation, necessary conditions for stability are obtained. The Routh-Hurwitz necessary and sufficient conditions for stability are derived for the general out-of-plane characteristic equation. Special cases of the in-plane and out-of-plane equations (such as identical end masses, and when the cable is attached to the centers of mass of the two end bodies) are then examined for stability criteria.
Binding of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin by Rat Cumuli Oophori and Granulosa Cells: A Comparative Study*

Cumulus oocyte complexes isolated from PMS gonadotropin-primed immature rats bind [l25I]hCG. Unlabeled hCG and ovine LH compete with the labeled hormone for binding sites, while rat FSH and ovine PRL are without effect. Since specific binding of [l25I]hCG could not be detected in preparations of oocytes from which the cumuli had been removed, it appears that the binding exhibited by the complex can be attributed to the cumulus cells. The concentration dependence of binding is consistent with the presence of one population of high affinity (apparent Kd, 1.4 × 10−l0 m) binding sites (223 ± 33 sites/cumulus cell). Rat granulosa cells bind hCG with equivalent apparent affinity and specificity but contain more sites (2060 ± 180/cell) than cumulus cells. (Endocrinology 106: 1114, 1980)
Searching images in daily life

Abstract With the proliferation of images in daily life, it is crucial to investigate what, where, why and how people search images in response to their everyday needs. In order to examine the daily needs of image searchers, a survey questionnaire was administered to 58 college students. The results demonstrated that the majority of college students use Google or Google Image for searching images, because of its familiarity and user-friendly interface. Although searchers reported a high success rate (85.6%) of image retrieval, they wanted search engines to return more relevant images and fewer irrelevant and redundant images. They also desired search engines to provide high resolution and full scale images. Students searched for images for various purposes, including to: prepare presentation materials, use as computer wallpaper, get ideas for purchasing, travel destinations, or beauty/fashion items, see what something looks like, verify names, solve problems, out of curiosity, and so on. Some types of needs revealed that users were interested in associated textual information, as well as the image itself. The implications for image retrieval system design are 1) it is proposed that metadata information (size, quality, type, copyright information) be utilized in browsing or navigating images, and 2) further research on an information retrieval system that can support users looking for both text and images concurrently is suggested.
Potentiation by amphotericin B of the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents against MOPC-315 plasmacytoma and lewis lung carcinoma

The ability of amphotericin B (AmB) to potentiate the cytotoxicity of several different anticancer agents against two murine tumor models was examined. A spleen colony assay was used to quantitate the cytotoxicity of BCNU, CCNU, and l-PAM, either alone or in combination with AmB against the MOPC-315 plasmacytoma. A high level of potentiation of the effects of CCNU and l-PAM by AmB occurred, but AmB did not increase the cytotoxicity of BCNU. Tumor growth curves and calculation of cell survival demonstrated significant potentiation of the cytotoxicity of CCNU by AmB against SC Lewis lung carcinoma.
Making sense of agentic objects and teleoperation: in-the-moment and reflective perspectives

Agentic objects are those entities that are perceived and responded to in-the-moment as if they were agentic despite the likely reflective perception that they are not agentic at all. They include autonomous robots, but also simpler systems like automatic doors, trashcans, and staplers--anything that seems to possess agency. It is well known that low-level spatiotemporal information elicits in-the-moment responses that are interpreted as perceiving mentalism [8, 17], but people reflectively believe that there is a distinction between human and non-human agents. How are we to make sense of these agentic objects?
X-ray line polarization spectroscopy of Li-like Si satellite line spectra

We apply the magnetic-sublevel atomic kinetics model POLAR to the calculation of polarization properties of satellite lines in Li-like Si driven by subpicosecond-duration laser pulses. We identify spectral lines whose polarization can serve as a marker of plasma anisotropy due to anisotropy in the electron distribution function. We also discuss the utility and limitations of ur current theoretical approach and point out possible future improvements and directions.
TIMP-2 reduces proteolytic opening of blood-brain barrier by type IV collagenase.

Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs in tumors, stroke and head trauma. Proteolysis of the extracellular matrix around cerebral capillaries by naturally occurring mammalian 72-kDa type IV collagenase may initiate this pathologic event. To investigate this hypothesis adult rats underwent intracerebral injection of type IV collagenase purified from human melanoma cells. Histologically, at 4 h there was perivascular cellular infiltration with hemorrhage, and by 24 h there was infarction with necrosis, edema and hemorrhage. Ultrastructurally, the basal lamina of endothelial cells was disrupted at 2 h. Brain uptake of [14C]dextran and [3H]sucrose increased after intracerebral injection of type IV collagenase compared to controls (P < 0.0001). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) reduced the tracer uptake (P < 0.02). Metalloproteinase inhibitors reduce extracellular matrix proteolysis and protect the blood-brain barrier.
Medical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract Recent advances in the treatment of patients who have COPD include the development of long-acting bronchodilators, recognition of the benefits of ICS, and development of effective initiation and maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The focus on outcome parameters other than expiratory flow rates, such as symptoms, quality of life, exercise tolerance, and exacerbation frequency, might also allow effective development of novel disease-modifying agents.
Axion inflation and gravity waves in string theory

The majority of models of inflation in string theory predict an absence of measurable gravitational waves, $rll{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The most promising proposals for making string theoretic models that yield measurable tensor fluctuations involve axion fields with slightly broken shift symmetry. We consider such models in detail, with a particular focus on the $N$-flation scenario and on axion valley/natural inflation models. We find that in Calabi-Yau threefold compactifications with logarithmic K\"ahler potentials $K$ it appears to be difficult to meet the conditions required for axion inflation in the supergravity regime. However, in supergravities with an (approximately) quadratic shift-symmetric $K$, axion inflation may be viable. Such K\"ahler potentials do arise in some string models, in specific limits of the moduli space. We describe the most promising classes of models; more detailed study will be required before one can conclude that working models exist.
Measurement and Modeling Mutual Capacitance of Electrical Wiring and Humans

In a recent series of electric field sensing experiments, a theremin was used to measure the mutual capacitance between a human being and a length of electrical wiring. The instrument, based on the LM555 circuit, measures the deflections in capacitance due to the proximity of a human. The measurements are repeatable, and the difference in capacitance for a person at 0.5 m with a person at 1 m is consistent with the difference computed, assuming the human acts as a ground plane for the wiring. Much of the current literature in electric field sensing focuses on measures and models of mutual capacitance for humans interacting with plate conductors [J. R. Smith, Electric field imaging, Ph.D. dissertation, Mass. Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA, 1999; N. Karlsson and J. O. Jarrhed, A capacitive sensor for the detection of humans in a robot cell, in Proc. IEEE IMTC Rec., May 18-20, 1993 pp. 164-166.], especially fingers near touch screens [D. Wiebe, A. Machynia, K. Mazur, and J. Epp, Human-computer interface device based on electric field sensing, Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2004]. The present investigation considers conducting wires to allow the development of portable rapidly deployable human proximity sensing systems that exploit existing electrical infrastructure in buildings. The experiment described here demonstrates that sensing with wires is possible at ranges on the order of a meter and provides evidence that modeling the person as a ground plane of finite extent provides a rough estimate of the change in mutual capacitance
Telling a life: Race, Memory, and Historical Consciousness

This article is a story, a complex one about African and African American religions interacting, a story about history described in the book and inscribed on the body. In the midst of this narrative, I want to reflect on the process by which experience becomes memory; memory becomes narrative; narratives are collected to form text; and text becomes, in one moment, an event in the academic world significantly distanced from author and subject and, in the next moment, a reflexive tool used by author and subject alike to decipher past experiences, reconfigure memory, and reconstruct the self More specifically, my essay deals with the reverberations occasioned by the 1991 publication of Mama Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn in Mama Lola's life and in mine, as well as in our relationship with one another.
Unaffiliated Users' Access to Academic Libraries: A Survey

Most of 814 academic libraries surveyed allow onsite access to unaffiliated users, and many give borrowing privileges to certain categories of users. Use of library computers to access library resources and other computer applications is commonly allowed although authentication on library computers is increasing.
Normal mode analysis of waveguide devices. I. Theory

A normal mode formulism is developed for the purpose of treating transition structures in waveguide devices. This development includes: (1) a coupled mode theory representation of local normal modes, (2) a four-port scattering model that connects the normal modes at a general transition, (3) a general expression for power transfer between normal modes at an abrupt transition, and (4) a demonstration of reciprocity. >
Concentration-dependent effects of bradykinin on leukocyte recruitment and venular hemodynamics in rat mesentery.

The results of several recent studies indicate that bradykinin protects tissues against the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). However, other studies indicate that bradykinin can ac...
Broadband electromagnetic induction sensor for detecting buried landmines

A broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor is developed to help discriminate between buried land mines and metal clutter. The detector uses simple dipole transmit and receive coils along with a secondary bucking transformer to mostly cancel the coupling between the coils. The technique allows the cancellation that can be obtained using a quadrupole receive coil while maintaining the depth sensitivity and simple detection zone of a dipole coil. Experimental results are presented for several targets.
The non-Gaussian nature of prostate motion based on real-time intrafraction tracking.

Summary The objective of this work is to test the validity of the Gaussian approximation for prostate motion through characterization of its spatial distribution using Calypso 4D nonradioactive electromagnetic tracking system. Our results showed that the prostate motion is highly correlated in the AP and SI directions. In addition, the spatial distribution of prostate motion is elongated in an oblique direction, indicating that the organ motion dosimetric modeling using Gaussian kernel may need to be modified. Purpose: The objective of this work is to test the validity of the Gaussian approximation for prostate motion through characterization of its spatial distribution. Methods and Materials: Real-time intrafraction prostate motion was observed using Calypso 4dimensional (4D) nonradioactive electromagnetic tracking system. We report the results from a total of 1024 fractions from 31 prostate cancer patients. First, the correlation of prostate motion in right/left (RL), anteroposterior (AP), and superoinferior (SI) direction were determined using Pearson’s correlation of coefficient. Then the spatial distribution of prostate motion was analyzed for individual fraction, individual patient including all fractions, and all patients including all fractions. The displacement in RL, AP, SI, oblique, or total direction is fitted into a Gaussian distribution, and a Lilliefors test was used to evaluate the validity of the hypothesis that the displacement is normally distributed. Results: There is high correlation in AP/SI direction (61% of fractions with medium or strong correlation). This is consistent with the longitudinal oblique motion of the prostate, and likely the effect from respiration on an organ confined within the genitourinary diaphragm with the rectum sitting posteriorly and bladder sitting superiorly. In all directions, the non-Gaussian distribution is more common for individual fraction, individual patient including all fractions, and all patients including all fractions. The spatial distribution of prostate motion shows an elongated shape in oblique direction, indicating a higher range of motion in the AP and SI directions. Conclusions: Our results showed that the prostate motion is highly correlated in AP and SI direction, indicating an oblique motion preference. In addition, the spatial distribution of prostate motion is elongated in an oblique direction, indicating that the organ motion dosimetric modeling using Gaussian kernel may need to be modified to account for the particular organ motion character of prostate. 2013 Elsevier Inc.
The Major Determinant of Attenuation in Mice of the Candid1 Vaccine for Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever Is Located in the G2 Glycoprotein Transmembrane Domain

Candid1, a live-attenuated Junin virus vaccine strain, was developed during the early 1980s to control Argentine hemorrhagic fever, a severe and frequently fatal human disease. Six amino acid substitutions were found to be unique to this vaccine strain, and their role in virulence attenuation in mice was analyzed using a series of recombinant viruses. Our results indicate that Candid1 is attenuated in mice through a single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane domain of the G2 glycoprotein. This work provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of attenuation of the only arenavirus vaccine currently available.
K-band orthomode transducer with waveguide ports and balanced coaxial probes

We describe the design and test results of a K-band orthomode transducer consisting of orthogonal balanced coaxial probes in a 0.455-in-diameter circular waveguide linked by coaxial transmission lines to balanced coaxial probes in orthogonal WR42 waveguides. We built this device to model at large scale (/spl sim/10 : 1) the performance of a compact millimeter-wave transducer for use in an astronomical receiver. The identical construction of the dual channels results in the same phase and insertion-loss characteristics for both polarizations. Measurements show that, from 18 to 26 GHz, the orthomode transducer has a reflection coefficient of below -15dB (standing-wave ratio <1.4) and a cross-polarization coupling from -20to-40dB. The insertion loss over most of the band is /spl sim/0.4dB at room temperature. To scale this device for operation at 200-270 GHz, one must connect corresponding probes by coaxial lines with phase imbalance less than 15/spl deg/, equivalent to a line-length difference less than 0.0015 in, to mitigate periodical resonances. Probes must be fabricated and positioned with 0.001-in accuracy. The predicted insertion loss would be 0.25 dB at 4 K.
POLYMORPHISM AND DIVERGENCE AT A DROSOPHILA PSEUDOGENE LOCUS

The larval cuticle protein (Lcp) cluster in Drosophila melanogaster contains four functional genes and a closely related pseudogene. A 630-bp fragment including the larval cuticle pseudogene locus (Lcp psi) was nucleotide sequenced in 10 strains of D. melanogaster and a 458-bp Lcp psi fragment from D. simulans was also sequenced. We used these data to test the hypotheses that the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution are equal, that the absolute levels of variation are higher than in functional genes, and that intraspecific polymorphism is correlated with interspecific divergence. As predicted, synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates were equivalent, and overall nucleotide divergence between D. melanogaster and D. simulans (Jukes-Cantor distance = 0.149 +/- 0.150) was extremely high. However, within-species DNA sequence comparisons at Lcp psi revealed lower levels of polymorphism (theta = 0.001 +/- 0.001) than at many functional loci in D. melanogaster. Using the HUDSON, KREITMAN, and AGUADE (HKA) test, we show that the level of polymorphism in Lcp psi within D. melanogaster is lower than expected given the amount of divergence between D. melanogaster and D. simulans when the pseudogene data are compared to the Adh 5' flanking region. Because the Lcp psi lies in a region of relatively infrequent recombination, we suggest that the low level of within-species polymorphism is the result of background selection.
Inpatient Consultative Dermatology

Dermatology consultation can improve diagnostic accuracy in the hospitalized patient with cutaneous disease. Dermatology consultation can streamline and improve treatment plans, and potentially lead to cost savings. Dermatology consultants can be a valuable resource for education for trainees, patients, and families. Inpatient consultative dermatology spans a breadth of conditions, including inflammatory dermatoses,infectious processes, adverse medication reactions, and neoplastic disorders, many of which can be diagnosed based on dermatologic examination alone, but when necessary, bedside skin biopsies can contribute important diagnostic information.
The effect of actuator saturation on the performance of PD-controlled servo systems

Abstract Perhaps the most often utilized means of closed-loop control of a servo system is proportional-derivative (PD) control. Linear analysis methods suggest the best tracking performance is achieved at maximum possible proportional and derivative gains. Maximum gains, however, drive the actuators into saturation, which renders the system nonlinear and the linear analysis invalid. This paper investigates the effect of actuator saturation on servo system tracking performance by formulating a frequency-based tracking performance measure roughly equivalent to the linear system −3 dB bandwidth. The proposed measure utilizes a series of band-limited pseudo-random tracking inputs to characterize the ‘bandwidth’ of the (nonlinear) saturating system. Numerical simulations based on this measure show that, for a servo system that exhibits actuator saturation, the best tracking performance is not achieved at maximum gain. Instead, performance improves up to a given gain, then begins to recede as the gain is increased further. The simulations also show that avoiding actuator saturation to ensure linear behavior significantly sacrifices tracking performance. The measure of tracking performance is compared with the −3 dB bandwidth utilized in linear analysis techniques, and the two are shown to be well correlated.
Voice Outcomes Following Radiation Versus Laser Microsurgery for T1 Glottic Carcinoma Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectiveSystematic review of literature on patient-reported voice handicap following T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma treatment using transoral laser microsurgery or radiation therapy.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (1997-2013).Review MethodsThese data sources were searched for papers reporting Voice Handicap Index (VHI) after treatment of early glottic carcinoma. Review and reference cross-checking were performed using a priori selection criteria. Study data were abstracted and publication quality categorized independently by 2 authors. Corresponding authors were contacted to maximize data for analysis. Meta-analysis was performed only with studies that included both treatment modalities, to reduce heterogeneity and maximize rigor; random effects modeling was used to pool results.ResultsEighteen publications were identified that reported VHI data following surgery and radiotherapy for T1 glottic carcinoma. No studies were randomized. When studies that reported multiple T-stages or syste...
Preferences for Gender-Targeted Health Information A Study of Male Veterans Who Have Experienced Military Sexual Trauma

No prior research has examined men's opinions or preferences regarding receiving health education materials related to sexual violence. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether male veteran patients who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST) prefer gender-targeted versus gender-neutral printed health information and whether receipt of this information increased utilization of outpatient mental health services in the following 6-month period. In-person 45-minute interviews were conducted with 20 male veterans receiving health care services at a large Veterans Health Administration facility to evaluate opinions on a gender-targeted and a gender-neutral brochure about MST. An additional 153 veterans received psychoeducational materials through the mail and participated in the completion of a survey as part of a psychoeducational intervention. Our results demonstrate that male veterans prefer gender-targeted information about sexual trauma compared to gender-neutral information. Whereas veterans in the study had clear preferences for gender-targeted materials, receipt of information about MST (whether gender-targeted or gender-neutral) did not increase utilization of mental health care in the 6 months following receipt of these materials. These results demonstrated that materials about sexual trauma are acceptable to men and should be gender-targeted. Further research is needed to examine strategies to increase access to mental health care among male Veterans who have experienced MST. Language: en
Pretreatment with either a 5-HT2C agonist or 5-HT2A antagonist decreases cocaine self-administration (848.9)

Cocaine’s abuse related effects have been attributed to its interaction with dopamine systems. However, ligands that target the serotonin 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptor subtypes have been reported to m...
Algorithmic detection of semantic similarity

Automatic extraction of semantic information from text and links in Web pages is key to improving the quality of search results. However, the assessment of automatic semantic measures is limited by the coverage of user studies, which do not scale with the size, heterogeneity, and growth of the Web. Here we propose to leverage human-generated metadata --- namely topical directories --- to measure semantic relationships among massive numbers of pairs of Web pages or topics. The Open Directory Project classifies millions of URLs in a topical ontology, providing a rich source from which semantic relationships between Web pages can be derived. While semantic similarity measures based on taxonomies (trees) are well studied, the design of well-founded similarity measures for objects stored in the nodes of arbitrary ontologies (graphs) is an open problem. This paper defines an information-theoretic measure of semantic similarity that exploits both the hierarchical and non-hierarchical structure of an ontology. An experimental study shows that this measure improves significantly on the traditional taxonomy-based approach. This novel measure allows us to address the general question of how text and link analyses can be combined to derive measures of relevance that are in good agreement with semantic similarity. Surprisingly, the traditional use of text similarity turns out to be ineffective for relevance ranking.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Regioisomeric Ring Substituted Methoxy Methyl Phenylacetones

The methoxy methyl phenylacetones share an isobaric relationship (equivalent mass but different elemental composition) to the controlled precursor substance 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone. The 10 methoxy methyl phenylacetones as well as the methylenedioxyphenylacetones show essentially equivalent mass spectra with major fragment ions at m/z 135 and 43. Those methoxy methyl phenylacetones with the methoxy group substituted ortho to the benzylic cation in the m/z 135 ion show a further fragmentation to lose formaldehyde (CH2O) and yield a significant ion at m/z 105. The loss of formaldehyde from the ortho methoxy benzyl cation was confirmed using commercially available regioisomeric 2-, 3-, and 4-methoxyphenylacetones. The 10 regioisomeric methoxy methyl phenylacetones were prepared from the appropriately substituted benzaldehydes. Complete gas chromatographic resolution of all ten regioisomeric ketones was obtained on a stationary phase containing modified beta-cyclodextrin. Using the cyclodextrin containing phase, the ortho methoxy-substituted ketones (K1-K4) eluted before the meta-methoxy-substituted ketones (K5-K8) and the para-methoxy-substituted ketones (K9-K10) showed the greatest affinity for the stationary liquid phase and eluted last. Complete separation of the 10 ketones was not obtained on Rtx-1 and Rtx-200 columns.
Ampicillin-Resistant Hemophilus influenzae Type B Septic Arthritis in Children

Three cases of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type B septic arthritis are described. These patients presented over a four-month period (November 1978 to February 1979). All were less than 18 months of age, all had positive blood and joint aspirate cultures, and counter-current immuno electrophoresis (CIE) on serum positive for Hemophilus influenzae type B. The ampicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all three isolates was 6.25 μg/ml or greater. All patients recovered uneventfully with intra venous chloramphenical therapy. We suggest that chloramphenicol be con sidered in the initial therapy of children under 18 months of age who present with septic arthritis, at least in geographic areas where the incidence of ampicillin resistance is high.
Evolution of venous interruption for pulmonary thromboembolism.

On September 28, 1934, at the annual meeting of the New England Surgical Society in Burlington, Vt, John Homans, MD, delivered an address entitled "Thrombosis of the Deep Veins of the Lower Leg Causing Pulmonary Embolism." Its importance was clearly recognized by publication as the lead article in the New England Journal of Medicine just 2 months later. 1 In this report, he pointed out the differences between superficial thrombophlebitis, phlegmasia alba dolens, and a disorder that he called primary thrombosis in the calf, which had a more subtle presentation and a high incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism. Patients with this disorder developed calf pain and ankle swelling that were relieved with bed rest, but that recurred with use of the leg. Autopsy findings showed thrombosis in calf veins but an unobstructed femoral vein. Dr Homans' hypothesis, based on his observations at the autopsy table, was that the thrombosis was
Adult Coho Salmon and Steelhead Use of Boulder Weirs in Southwest Oregon Streams

Abstract The placement of log and boulder structures in streams is a common and often effective technique for improving juvenile salmonid rearing habitat and increasing fish densities. Less frequently examined has been the use of these structures by adult salmonids. In 2004, spawner densities and redd counts of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in seven Oregon streams were compared between 10 reach pairs: reaches with artificially placed boulder weir structures (treatment) and reaches without weirs (control). In addition, based on annual spawner survey data collected from 2001 to 2005, redd density of steelhead O. mykiss and spawner and redd densities of coho salmon were examined to assess differences among main-stem reaches with boulder weirs, main-stem reaches without weirs, and tributary reaches without weirs throughout one basin (West Fork of the Smith River (WFS)). Numbers of coho salmon spawners and peak redd counts were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in treatment reaches than in control reaches in ...
Myocardial atrophy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—associated wasting

This study evaluated the effects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting syndrome (AWS) on the heart in a population free of overt opportunistic infection or clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Data from 53 patients with AWS and 16 healthy age-matched controls were studied. By echocardiography, a significant reduction in left ventricular mass was found in patients with AWS that remained significantly reduced when corrected for body surface area. Mean ejection fraction was within the normal range in patients with AWS but was significantly less than in controls. End-systolic volume index was slightly elevated in patients with AWS. Although no difference in end-systolic wall stress was seen, the end-systolic wall stress-shortening relation differed significantly. These findings are consistent with myocardial atrophy and subtle left ventricular dysfunction in patients with AWS.
Comparative study of remote surgery techniques

Remote surgery is the method by which a doctor can perform surgery on a patient from a remote location. The main reason for developing this kind of technique is to treat emergency patients from a long distance. This paper surveys the research work performed regarding the topic. Detailed case studies of work regarding this topic across the world have also been compiled. Apart from this, the various factors of improvements needed to make commercial remote surgery successful have been discussed in detail. This paper focuses first on the various operational concepts behind remote or robotic surgery. In this paper, a detail study of the structure and design of the robotic hand has been provided. However, this technology is still in its nascent stage and needs considerable improvement to be made commercial. Attention has been drawn to research about bio compatible materials which will not react with the body and cause harm. The final aspect of robot surgery that has been discussed in this paper is the wireless communication between the remote stations. Attention has been drawn to the points of improvement in the communications infrastructure. It was concluded in the paper that although the idea of remote surgery has been conceived long ago, not much work has been done on improving the precision of the robotic system, bio compatibility of the robotic arm and the communications infrastructure of the system to make it commercially feasible.