cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal mammary lymph nodes: to treat or not to treat.

The treatment of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMN) remains one of the more controversial areas of breast irradiation. In this issue of the IJROBP, Freedman and colleagues from Fox Chase Cancer Center provide a comprehensive review of this topic and reach the conclusion that elective IMN radiation is not indicated as a component of breast cancer treatment. This review is very timely given the renewed interest in IMN treatment. One reason for this renewed interest is the findings of the Danish 82b trial (1). This randomized trial (which included treatment of the IMN) demonstrated that postmastectomy radiation improves the probability of survival for patients with high-risk breast cancer. A second reason for the current interest in IMN irradiation concerns the lymphoscintigraphy data indicating that selected early-stage breast cancers have high rates of primary lymphatic drainage to the IMN (2). Radiation treatment of the IMN remains controversial for each of these categories of patients. The Freedman review attempts to resolve this controversy by providing an excellent overview of the available data. The review permits the potential benefits and risks of IMN irradiation to be assessed for a variety of tumor characteristics. From these data, it is clear that IMN irradiation is not warranted for the majority of breast cancer cases treated with radiation. As the authors suggest, the increase in breast cancer screening has significantly increased the percentage of women at low risk for IMN involvement. However, there remain subsets of patients who, because of their disease stage and location, are at high risk for pathological involvement of the IMN. In these subsets, the benefits of IMN irradiation may outweigh the risks.
Reply to Heffernan

George Heffernan has accurately characterized my main argument, and has identified several places in which it could be developed further. I believe, however, that one of his principal objections to my account is mistaken, and that his own claims regarding the nature of phenomenological evidence go far beyond anything Husserl himself seems to have admitted. According to Heffernan, my account of agentand method-fallibility is ‘‘onesidedly noetic’’ (27). In particular, I have not sufficiently elaborated on the critical role that the objects of consciousness play in determining the extent to which a given method is fallible or epistemizing with respect to them. Heffernan argues that, once the role of objectivities is given its due, we will be forced to recognize more sources of fallibility than those I have discussed. As he argues,
Correlation of phenoloxidase activity with ecdysis and tanning hormone release in the American cockroach

Abstract Phenoloxidases from the cuticle and haemolymph of the American cockroach have been followed during the process of ecdysis. The cuticle enzyme is most active immediately before the moult and becomes progressively less active during and after ecdysis. The lowest point of activity occurs during the postmoult period. The blood phenoloxidase, on the other hand, peaks during the moult and is slightly less active on either side. Since bursicon release occurs after ecdysis there appears to be no correlation between the tanning hormone and phenoloxidase activation. The cuticle diphenoloxidase is active against N-acetyldopamine, dopamine, and dopa whereas the haemolymph component will act on a variety of mono- and diphenols. The cuticle enzyme has been localized histochemically in the exocuticle, and the phenoloxidase of the blood is confined to the haemocytes.
The Evolution of Multidrug Resistance in a Hospital Pathogen

The recent emergence of multidrug resistance(MDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii has raised concern inhealthcare settings worldwide. In order to understand therepertoire of resistance determinants and their organizationand origins, we compared the genome sequences of threeMDR and three drug-susceptible A. baumannii isolates. Theentire MDR phenotype can be explained by the acquisitionof discrete resistance determinants distributed throughoutthe genome. A resistance island (RI) with a variablecomposition of resistance determinants interspersed withtransposons, integrons, and other mobile genetic elements isa significant, but not universal, contributor to the MDRphenotype. Variable resistance gene composition amongidentical clone types from a single outbreak suggestsdynamic and active horizontal transfer. 475 genes areshared among all six clinical isolates, but absent from therelated environmental species Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1.These genes are enriched for transcription factors andtransporters and suggest physiological features of A.baumannii that are related to adaptation for growth inassociation with humans.
Asymptotic behavior of optimal quantities in symmetric transshipment coalitions

This paper addresses the asymptotic behavior of optimal quantities in symmetric transshipment coalitions. First, we provide bounds for optimal quantities under general demand structure. Second, we show that if the variance of average demand diminishes as the number of newsvendor grows, the optimal quantities move toward the distribution mean after coalitions became sufficiently large. However, the limits depend on the type of newsvendors in the coalition and the magnitude of transshipment cost above a certain threshold. We also discuss the pooling anomaly in large coalitions in these settings and show that the optimal quantities always decrease (increase) to their limit if the single newsvendor's optimal quantity is above (below) mean.
Imagery as data: structures for visual model building

Scientific visualization tools render quantitative data into visual representations that can be analyzed and manipulated by students. But certain problems require more qualitative, observational data that cannot be easily represented with current visualization software. This paper describes an approach to using photographs and video as a primary data source for observational inquiry. We describe a framework for students to collaborate around photographs and video, collaboration that leads to inquiry and the development of explanatory models. We also describe two of our learning environments to illustrate how students can begin to develop predictive theories from image data.
An ultrastructural study of peripheral neurons and associated non-neural structures in the bivalve mollusc, Spisula solidissima.

Abstract The ultrastructural morphology of peripheral neurons and associated structures in the bivalve mollusc, Spisula solidissima have been studied in an effort to describe the synaptic topography and to provide anatomical correlates of previous physiological observations. The somata of the peripheral neurons are located within the perineurium at branch points of the siphonal nerves. There are many fiber-fiber synaptic contacts which are characterized by isolated sites of contact with membrane specialization and unilateral accumulation of synaptic vesicles. There are also synaptic contacts involving the somata, both axo-somatic and somato-axonic, the two being distinguishable on the basis of the polarity of vesicle accumulation. All of the observed synaptic profiles were similar in appearance regardless of the neuron loci involved. Much of the non-synaptic soma surface is covered with processes of glial cells. Likewise, in many cases, individual fibers and groups of fibers are encased with glial processes. Unique clusters of membrane bound, pigment containing glial like cells occur throughout the nervous system of Spisula . The heterogeneous appearance of the inclusions and the presence of lysosome-like bodies in the cytoplasm of these cells suggest a possible phagocytic role.
Endomyocardial biopsy findings in a patient with polymyositis-dermatomyositis

Endomyocardial biopsy pathology in a patient with dermatomyositis cardiac involvement is reported. Clinical findings included acute heart failure and ischemic and conduction changes on electrocardiogram. Light microscopy showed focal myocyte necrosis without inflammation or fibrosis and prominent myocyte vacuolization. Electron microscopy confirmed the focal, acute myocyte necrosis and demonstrated nonspecific myocyte degeneration. Despite nonspecific morphologic findings, endomyocardial biopsy confirmed myocardial abnormalities associated with dermatomyositis and supported the use of aggressive antiinflammatory therapy, which resulted in a favorable clinical outcome.
The properties of plutonium hexafluoride

Abstract PuF6 is formed rapidly at 750°C by the reaction between PuF4 and F2, and high yields are obtained if the PuF6 is quickly condensed. AmF6 is not produced under similar conditions. Techniques for the handling, purification, and storage of PuF6 are described. The molecular structure and crystal structure of PuF6 are the same as those of UF6. The melting-point of PuF6 is 50·75°C. Radiation decomposition of PuF6 into PuF4 and F2 occur at the rate of 1·5% per day for the solid phase. The rate of radiation decomposition is much smaller in the vapour phase, and the system may reach a steady state. Solid PuF6 is slightly paramagnetic. The absorption spectrum of PuF6 vapour show six groups of bands between 5000 and 25,000 A, arising from electronic transitions in the molecule. PuF6 is a strong fluorinating agent, and its reactions with BrF3, UF4, and PuF3 are described. Thermal decomposition of PuF6 is not observed at room temperature, but is found to be very rapid at 280°C. The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of PuF6 into F2 and PuF4 is 1·86 × 103 at 220°C; at 25°C, ΔF = −7·6 kcal mole−1, ΔH° = −8·3 kcal mole−1, and ΔS° = − 2·3 cal mole−1 deg− for this dissociation.
Oriented Graph Signal Decomposition Model Based on TSF and its Application

Aiming to alleviate the limited test resource situation, oriented graph signal decomposition model is proposed based on the complex signal synthesis method of TSF(Test Signal Framework) in STD(Signal and Test Definition) standard. This paper establishes signal decomposition models for stimulus signal and response signal; which has carried on the detailed analysis and the discussion about this signal model. A series of recursion expressions are put forward to acquire the signal’s (physical characteristics’s of a signal) origination through the deduce process layer by layer. This signal model can be used for any complex signals, and has nothing to do with the specific equipment, while it is completely reusable and portable. When the platform’s independent resources cannot meet the signal requirements, by means of the signal model the combination of the independent resources can be used to achieve the automatic allocation of the stimulus /measurement resources. The signal model also provides an implementation approach that is used to the interchanges between synthetic instruments and the instrument combinations as well as the interchanges between the instrumens combinations. So that it can save the system resources and reduce the cost greatly.
Promotion and provision of colorectal cancer screening: a comparison of colorectal cancer control program grantees and nongrantees, 2011-2012.

Author(s): Maxwell, Annette E; Hannon, Peggy A; Escoffery, Cam; Vu, Thuy; Kohn, Marlana; Vernon, Sally W; DeGroff, Amy | Abstract: IntroductionSince 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has awarded nearly $95 million to 29 states and tribes through the Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP) to fund 2 program components: 1) providing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening to uninsured and underinsured low-income adults and 2) promoting population-wide CRC screening through evidence-based interventions identified in the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). CRCCP is a new model for disseminating and promoting use of evidence-based interventions. If the program proves successful, CDC may adopt the model for future cancer control programs. The objective of our study was to compare the colorectal cancer screening practices of recipients of CRCCP funding (grantees) with those of nonrecipients (nongrantees).MethodsWe conducted parallel Web-based surveys in 2012 with CRCCP grantees (N = 29) and nongrantees (N = 24) to assess promotion and provision of CRC screening, including the use of evidence-based interventions.ResultsCRCCP grantees were significantly more likely than nongrantees to use Community Guide-recommended evidence-based interventions (mean, 3.14 interventions vs 1.25 interventions, P l .001) and to use patient navigation services (eg, transportion or language translation services) (72% vs 17%, P l .001) for promoting CRC screening. Both groups were equally likely to use other strategies. CRCCP grantees were significantly more likely to provide CRC screening than were nongrantees (100% versus 50%, P l .001).ConclusionResults suggest that CRCCP funding and support increases use of evidence-based interventions to promote CRC screening, indicating the program's potential to increase population-wide CRC screening rates.
A study of condensation and dew point using a SAW sensor

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor has been used to study water-vapor condensation and to measure the dew point. SAW sensor measurements of condensation density are compared with visual observations of condensation density. SAW theory predictions of surface density are in agreement with the experimental results. The minimum detectable surface density of the SAW sensor is shown to be more than two orders of magnitude smaller than that which can be detected by optical techniques. The high sensitivity of the SAW sensor suggests that it may be able to improve dew-point measurement accuracy by compensating for surface contamination. SAW sensor dew-point measurements are particularly sensitive to the surface density of the dew that is maintained on the sensor surface, the cleanliness of the sensor surface, and gas flowrates. Preliminary studies of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemical treatments of the sensor surface also indicate an effect on dew-point measurements.
Involvement of a Protein Distinct from Transcription Enhancer Factor-1 (TEF-1) in Mediating Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin Gene Enhancer Function through the GT-IIC Enhanson in Choriocarcinoma and COS Cells

Previous studies suggested that transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) was involved in mediating the human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) gene enhancer (CSEn) function (Jiang, S.-W., and Eberhardt, N. L. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10384-10392). We now show that an unrelated protein (CSEF-1) found in BeWo and COS-1 cells binds to the GT-IIC enhanson in CSEn and is correlated with CSEn activity in these cells. TEF-1 and CSEF-1 were distinguished by differential migration as GT-IIC complexes, thermal stability, molecular mass, and cross-reactivity with chicken TEF-1 antibodies. TEF-1 and CSEF-1 bound to the GT-IIC and Sph-I/Sph-II enhansons with identical binding properties, and in vitro generated TEF-1 competed with CSEF-1 binding to the GT-IIC motif, suggesting that their actions might be mutually exclusive. Up- and down-regulation of TEF-1 levels by expression systems and antisense oligonucleotides demonstrated that TEF-1 inhibited the hCS promoter in a manner independent of the enhancer or a known TEF-1 DNA binding site. The data suggest that TEF-1 may provide a counter-regulatory stimulus to the actions of CSEF-1, which may be involved in mediating enhancer stimulatory activity.
Erythritol dehydrogenase from Aerobacter aerogenes.

Abstract An enzyme, which has been partially purified from Aerobacter aerogenes, catalyzes the reversible, diphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked oxidation of polyols of three to five carbons in which the hydroxyls about carbons 2 and 3 are in a cis configuration. Oxidation is at carbon 2 and results in the formation of a ketose.
Seneca county, New York: An area with low cancer mortality rates

The combined mortality rates for all high-rate neoplasms and for all malignant neoplasms combined are considerably lower in Seneca County, New York, than in its surrounding counties. The possibility that these lower rates are attributable to the geochemical uniqueness of the two lakes that enclose the county, availability and concentration of selenium, high salinity of the lakes, and high concentration of potassium cations is discussed.
KR23 Value‐Focused Systems Decision Making

This paper presents the Systems Decision Process, a value-focused systems engineering decision process used to support fact-based decision making. The process provides analysis products to support major system decisions that are made at major decision gates in each system life cycle stage. The process has four phases: problem definition, solution design, decision making, and solution implementation. The process emphasizes defining, measuring, designing, and implementing solutions to achieve stakeholder and decision maker value. The process should be tailored to the system, the stage in the system life cycle, and the decision environment.
Nonlinear spin dynamics of dilute 3He–4He at very high B/T

Abstract We are conducting an experimental search for spin-diffusion anisotropy in dilute 3 He– 4 He mixtures at very high B / T (17 T, 2 mK). Previous experiments have not reached sufficiently high B / T ratios to observe the effect in very dilute mixtures, for which quantitative theoretical predictions exist. The planned experiments will require NMR experiments at very high values of the dimensionless spin rotation parameter μM . We have performed numerical simulations of the nonlinear spin dynamics to assess the feasibility of spin-wave and spin-echo experiments.
All the World's a Stage

I thought about the Shakespeare quote and the roles I play to different audiences throughout the day. I thought about how we all move through the paces of short productions from moment to moment, u...
Schröder's anticipation of the simple theory of types

The attempt to exclude the well-known pardoxes of set theory from a system of formal logic, without at the same time rendering the system so weak as to be inadequate for the purposes of mathematics, may be made in various ways. Currently the most favored methods are the Zermelo axiomatic set theory and the simple theory of types. As is well known, the simple theory of types may be described in the following terms. A particular domain, to be called the domain of individuals is selected; this may be any domain within very wide limits, but in any particular system must be treated as fixed. Classes and relations (and functions, if the system provides for such) are then classified into a hierarchy of types. For simplicity in the description of this hierarchy it is convenient to think of relations (and functions) as defined in terms of classes following a suggestion first made by Wiener in 1914. On this basis, the first type is composed of the individuals, the second type of classes of individuals, the third type of classes of classes of individuals, and so on. The restriction imposed by the simple theory of types is that the members of a class which belongs to the type n +1 must all belong to the type n. There is no provision for classes which do not belong to a type: classes not obeying the restriction just stated are regarded as non? existent, and names for such classes are excluded from the system. And even to say or write a e b (that a is member of the class b) is excluded as not well-formed unless the variables or constants a, b show by their syntactical form that, for some n, they refer to types n and n + 1 respectively. (Of course, the foregoing statement cannot be made within the system based on the simple theory of types which is being described, but only within some stronger system, e.g., one employing transfinite types. For the purpose of the formal construction of the system it is not
Socioeconomic Disparities Associated with Medication Non-Adherence Following Lung Transplantation in Adult Recipients

Purpose To evaluate the impact of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on non-adherence (NA) following lung transplantation. Methods and Materials Adult, first time, lung-only transplantations per the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database were analyzed from 10/1996-12/2006. Generalized linear models were used to determine the association between demographic/socioeconomic characteristics and early ( Results 7,284 patients were included for analysis. Early and late NA were reported in 3.1% and 8.0% of recipients, respectively. Factors associated with early NA were Medicaid insurance status at the time of transplant [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) compared to private insurance 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 - 3.99, p=0.01], and black ethnicity (AOR compared to white 2.07, CI 1.05 - 4.10, p=0.04). Medicaid insurance and black ethnicity were also associated with an increased risk of late NA (AOR 2.30, CI 1.70 - 3.10, p figure 1 ] Conclusions Data from UNOS suggests that Medicaid insurance status and black ethnicity are associated with increased incidence of NA, which subsequently portends a decrease in post-transplant survival. Targeted interventions to improve medication adherence in this patient population may be warranted.
An analysis of EDF schedulability on a multiprocessor

A new schedulability test is derived for preemptive deadline scheduling of periodic or sporadic real-time tasks on a single-queue m-server system. The new test allows the task deadline to be more or less than the task period, and is based on a new analysis concept, called a /spl mu/-busy interval. This generalizes a result of Goossens et al. [2003] that a system of periodic tasks with maximum individual task utilization u/sub max/ is EDF-schedulable on m processors if the total utilization does not exceed m(1 /sup max/)+u/sub max/. The new test allows the analysis of hybrid EDF-US [x] scheduling, and the conclusion that EDF-US[1/2] is optimal, with a guaranteed worst-case schedulable utilization of (m +1)/2.
Synthetic Biology of Phenotypic Adaptation in Vertebrates: The Next Frontier

For over the last 2 decades, positively selected amino acid sites have been inferred almost exclusively by showing that the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (dn) is greater than that of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (ds). However, virtually none of these statistical results have been experimentally tested and remain as hypotheses. To perform such experimental tests, we must connect genotype and phenotype and relate the phenotypic changes to the environmental and behavioral changes of the organism. The genotype–phenotype relationship can be established only by synthesizing and manipulating “proper” ancestral phenotypes, whereas the actual functions of adaptive mutations can be learned by studying their chemical roles in phenotypic changes.
Thermostability of Lipase and Protease of Pseudomonas fluorescens 27 Produced in Various Broths

Abstract Thermostabilities (35 to 70°C) of lipase and protease of cell-free filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens P27 were affected variously by type of broth, dialysis, and added salts. Dialysis caused instability of the protease at 45 or 50°C in peptone, yeast extract, and peptone-yeast broths. A factor that probably had prevented autolysis of the protease was removed upon dialysis. Thermostability of lipase at 65°C for 20min was associated with a dialyzable component when lipase was produced in peptone broth but not when it was produced in yeast extract. The unidentified dialyzable factor in the peptone-produced lipase appeared to be associated directly with the enzyme. Divalent but not monovalent cations decreased the lipase's stability to heat, and sulfate helped protect the lipase when it was heated in the presence of magnesium.
Enhanced permeation of diazepam through artificial membranes from supersaturated solutions

The present work consists of studies of saturated and supersaturated solutions of diazepam (DZP) in [glycofurol (GF)/water] cosolvent systems, which are a potential dosage form for intranasal administration of DZP in rapid response to epileptic seizure emergencies. Equilibrium solubility of DZP increased in a convex manner with GF content, and also increased with temperature. Rapidly mixed supersaturated 40 mg/mL solutions displayed temporal stability, with long periods before onset of crystallization. Permeation of supersaturated DZP across polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes, chosen as an in vitro model for nasal mucosa, was shown to be well described by Theeuwes's transference equation, when DZP was formulated up to three times its solubility in a particular cosolvent vehicle. Transference and time lag were independent of vehicle composition, indicating that permeation enhancement was due virtually exclusively to enhanced driving force due to supersaturation. Implications of these results on potential intranasal DZP delivery systems based on supersaturation are discussed.
A Homolog of the Substrate Adhesion Molecule Vitronectin Occurs in Four Species of Flowering Plants

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in the primary developmental processes of many organisms. A family of secretory adhesive glycoproteins called substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs) is believed to confer these dynamic capabilities to the ECM in animals. In this paper, we report the existence of SAM-like genes and gene products in flowering plants. Hybridizations with a human vitronectin cDNA probe and genomic DNA from broad bean, soybean, and tomato revealed vitronectin-like sequences. Human vitronectin antibodies cross-react with a 55-kilodalton protein in leaf and root protein extracts from lily, broad bean, soybean, and tomato. In addition, immunocytochemical staining of frozen sections of lily leaf and broad bean gynoecium demonstrated that vitronectin-like proteins were localized to the ECM on the cell surface, with the most intense labeling residing in the transmitting tract of broad bean gynoecium.
Isolation rearing induced deficits in contextual fear learning do not require CRF2 receptors

Post-weaning social isolation of rodents is used to model developmental stressors linked to neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia as well as anxiety and mood disorders. Isolation rearing produces alterations in emotional memory and hippocampal neuropathology. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling has recently been shown to be involved in behavioral effects of isolation rearing. Activation of the CRF(2) receptor is linked to stress-induced alterations in fear learning and may also be involved in long-term adaptation to stress. Here we tested the hypothesis that CRF(2) contributes to isolation rearing effects on emotional memory. At weaning, mice were housed either in groups of three or individually in standard mouse cages. In adulthood, isolation-reared mice exhibited significant reductions in context-specific, but not cue-specific, freezing. Isolation-reared mice exhibited no significant changes in locomotor exploration during brief exposure to a novel environment, suggesting that the reduced freezing in response to context cues was not due to activity confounds. Isolation rearing also disrupted context fear memory in mice with a CRF(2) gene null mutation, indicating that the CRF(2) receptor is not required for isolation effects on fear memory. Thus, isolation rearing disrupts hippocampal-dependent fear learning as indicated by consistent reductions in context-conditioned freezing in two separate cohorts of mice, and these effects are via a CRF(2)-independent mechanism. These findings may be clinically relevant because they suggest that isolation rearing in mice may be a useful model of developmental perturbations linked to disruptions in emotional memory in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Determination of Morse's canonical form using the structure algorithm

A computational method for constructing the canonical form of Morse [1] is presented. The canonical form and the underlying structure is important in the solution of singular optimal control and filtering problems. However, Morse's paper is not complete in the algorithmic sense and that several steps are existence results rather than constructive arguments. In this paper, the input, output, state feedback, output injection and coordinate transformations of the canonical form are found using the left Structure Algorithm [2]. The method reveals the finite and infinite zero structure, determines invertibility and finds weak unobservability and strong reachability subspaces efficiently by exploiting the fine structure of linear multivariable dynamical systems. The numerical aspects of the method are also investigated and a stable algorithm is provided.
Floquet and coupled-waves analysis of higher-order Bragg coupling in a periodic medium

The paper considers wave propagation in longitudinally periodic media near the first- and higher-order Bragg resonances. An extended coupled-waves (ECW) approach is applied to media with single or multiharmonic periodicities and is numerically compared with the Floquet theory. The ECW approach predicts coupling coefficients that vary as the magnitude of the perturbation raised to the power of the Bragg order. Explicit expressions are also given for the band-gap width and band-gap shift for all Bragg orders. A number of applications are discussed.
Module metric signature (MMS) visualization

We have been developing a tool to enhance the use of metrics during software development. This tool is a metrics visualization environment that graphically depicts the innate structure of software through a module signature along with an element of time. We call the tool module metric signature (MMS) visualization.
On a fuzzy-neural hierarchical controller with a self-generating knowledge base

We present an innovative fuzzy-neural architecture that is able to automatically generate a knowledge base, in an extractable form, for use in hierarchical knowledge-based controllers. The knowledge base is in the form of a linguistic rule base appropriate for a fuzzy inference system. We modify Berenji and Khedkar's (1992) GARIC architecture to a hierarchical controller and enable it to automatically generate a knowledge base. A pseudo-supervised learning scheme using reinforcement learning and error backpropagation is employed. Example applications are provided to underscore its viability.
Vicarious trauma and assumptive worldview: Beliefs about the world in acquaintances of trauma victims.

Assumptive-worldview theory suggests that people ordinarily hold positive assumptions about the world and themselves. Within this context, the authors investigate vicarious trauma—the effects of trauma on victims' acquaintances (i.e., secondary victims). They hypothesize that secondary victims' worldviews will be more negative than those of nontraumatized controls, depending on individual differences in empathy and emotional contagion. After screening 320 undergraduates to identify secondary victims, 95 individuals (including 63 secondary victims) were selected for the study. Results indicate that simply knowing someone with trauma is not associated with worldview; empathy and emotional contagion must be considered. In control participants, higher empathy is related to more positive worldview beliefs. In secondary victims, however, higher empathy is related to less positive worldview beliefs. Relationships involving emotional contagion are similar.
Network analysis using transitive closure: New methods for exploring networks

We describe two methods for analysing a complex network which focus on examining changes in the transitive closure of the network under directed and stochastic attack of its edges. Dynamic transitive closure analysis (DTCA) examines changes in critical transitive path for increasingly stringent edge length tolerance. Context specific DTCA is a fuzzy extension of DTCA, which examines changes in DTCA under randomly perturbed transitive contexts. We find that such strategies allow a researcher to identify highly connected elements within a network and uncover related sub-networks. Application to simulated random graphs demonstrates that these methods can be used to determine local network connections as well as quantify the overall transitive natures of the network. We have developed an adjustable resolution O(N 3) parallel algorithm to carry out these analyses which scales nearly linearly with the number of nodes in the network.
Drug-Induced Exanthem following Dabigatran

Objective:To report an incident of a drug-induced exanthem during treatment with dabigatran in a patient without prior exposure to the drug.Case Summary:A 20-year-old white male was prescribed oral...
Prevalence of immune disease in patients with wounds presenting to a tertiary wound healing centre

Chronic leg ulcers are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and account for considerable healthcare and socioeconomic costs. Leg ulcers are a recognized complication of immune disease, and the purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of immune disease in a cohort of patients with chronic wounds, and to compare wound outcomes in the subjects with and without immune disease. Retrospective chart review was completed on consecutive patients scheduled with the plastic surgeon in the Georgetown University Center for Wound Healing between January 1 and March 31, 2009. Of the 520 patients scheduled for appointments, 340 were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence of immune disease was higher than expected with 78 of 340 patients (23%) having associated immune disease. At presentation, wounds in patients with immune disease had a significantly larger mean surface area (33.4cm2 (69.05) compared to 22.5 cm2 (63.65), p=0.02). Split thickness skin graft (STSG) and bioengineered alternative tissue (BAT) graft data was available on 177 grafts from 55 subjects. There was a significantly lower response rate to STSG in subjects with immune disease (50% compared to 97%, p=0.0002), but response rates to BAT were not different. The association between immune diseases and chronic wounds may provide unique insights into pathways of wound healing, and warrants further study.
Harmonic analysis of a parallel-loaded resonant converter

A method for calculating the harmonic components of the currents and voltages in a parallel-loaded resonant converter using frequency-domain techniques is presented. The converter is divided into an inverter section and a rectifier section. A harmonic model is developed for the resonant converter in which the rectifier section is treated as a voltage-dependent current sink. All voltages and currents in this model are represented by a Fourier series. The unknown coefficients in all Fourier series are calculated by using the harmonic model and Kirchhoff's laws. Because of the nonlinear nature of the rectifier section, an iterative technique must be utilized to find the unknown Fourier coefficients. >
CORR Insights(®): current status of cost utility analyses in total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review.

N wachukwu and colleagues have accurately gauged the state of knowledge within the joint arthroplasty literature relating to a segment of healthcare economics known as cost-utility analysis. It is a meaningful contribution for two reasons. First, it reflects a trend toward greater focus on quantifiably assessing the economic impact of this high cost orthopaedic intervention from multiple perspectives. Second, it indicates the evolution toward studies that have relevance to a healthcare economy that has shifted toward patient-centered and self-directed care. Cost utility analysis is a subset of cost-effectiveness research that accounts for the individual’s measure of health benefit resulting from an intervention of known incremental cost. This ‘‘utility’’ is typically expressed in terms of quality adjusted life-years (QALY). This is used increasingly to compare the impact of different interventions, and is often expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. This framework for evaluating the practical benefit of joint restoration procedures has grown beyond the health policy research segment of orthopaedics and has now gaining widespread acceptance in the clinical arthroplasty community. Aside from reporting the recent growth of cost utility studies in this literature, one of the key contributions of the study by Nwachukwu and colleagues is the application of objectivity in evaluating study quality. Through the use of the Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument, the authors introduce a new standard for evaluating the practical relevance of cost utility analyses in the joint arthroplasty literature. The other key contribution is in identifying the gap in the literature involving studies that compare operative and non-operative interventions for arthritic conditions of the hip and knee. The authors note that patients presenting for joint arthroplasty have already failed nonoperative treatment as a potential reason for this finding.
Feedback based flow control in ATM networks with multiple propagation delays

We consider a model comprising of a single bottleneck node/switch fed by multiple Markov modulated fluid sources and with significant and possibly different propagation delays. The amount of traffic released by the sources depends on its state as well as delayed feedback from the network. Such a source model allows us to capture ABR as well as VBR traffic types. We obtain analytical results for computing various performance measures associated with this model. Based on these analytical results, we study the performance of the feedback policy for two different delay classes. In the parameter regime investigated, we observe that while the sources with a smaller delay do better, they do not do significantly better. Moreover, the performance of the farther sources improves as the second set of sources is moved closer. Thus, what may be perceived as unfairness due to the difference in feedback delays should really be interpreted as the closer sources helping the farther sources while helping themselves.
Extensive myocardial salvage and reversal of cardiogenic shock after reperfusion of the left main coronary artery by intravenous streptokinase

of an artery supplying a large segment of the remaining functional myocardium may result in severe hemodynamic deterioration. Emergency surgical therapy in such patients may be associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, the presence of previous LV injury is an important consideration in the decision to pursue angioplasty or elective CABG in the patient with multivessel CAD. In summary, findings are described in 4 patients with previous inferior or lateral wall MI in whom acute ischemia developed in the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery after attempted angioplasty. All 4 patients had severe hemodynamic decompensation refractory to intraaortic balloon pumping and pharmacologic support. Prompt CABG resulted in satisfactory salvage of LV function in all patients; however, morbidity related to the period of profound hypotension before institution of cardiopulmonary bypass was significant and 1 patient died early.
Preception in the Rat: Autonomic Response to Shock as Function of Length of Warning Interval

The autonomic response (galvanic skin response) to a noxious stimulus (shock) is reduced when the stimulus is preceded by a warning signal. The greatest reduction, 53 percent, was obtained with a warning interval of 1 second. Warning also reduces variance of the response over trials, a decrease of over 90 percent for the optimum 1-second interval.
Toward an integrated theory of emotions/passions, values and rights in international politics

This article focuses on the relationship between emotions and passions, on the one hand, and values, needs and rights, on the other. This relationship is indeed central to the social dimension of international politics. In this perspective, the article examines how emotions and passions can be at the same time effects and causes of the extent to which actors feel that their needs and rights are fulfilled or not. In the process, the article also explores the negative and positive features of emotions and passions, and their impact on the nature and dynamics of change in international affairs. Beyond this general approach to emotions and passions in connection with the social dimension of international politics and the questions of values, needs, and rights of actors and change, it concludes with the idea that there is also a contextual dimension to the generic argument developed in the article. This will have to be factored in for future research on case studies.
A Craig-Bampton Experimental Dynamic Substructure Using the Transmission Simulator Method

Experimental dynamic substructures in both modal and frequency response domains using the transmission simulator method have been developed for several systems since 2007. The standard methodology couples the stiffness, mass and damping matrices of the experimental substructure to a finite element (FE) model of the remainder of the system through multi-point constraints. This can be somewhat awkward in the FE code. It is desirable to have an experimental substructure in the Craig-Bampton (CB) form to ease the implementation process, since many codes such as Nastran, ABAQUS, ANSYS and Sierra Structural Dynamics have CB as a substructure option. Many analysts are familiar with the CB form. A square transformation matrix is derived that produces a modified CB form that still requires multi-point constraints to couple to the rest of the FE model. Finally the multi-point constraints are imported to the modified CB matrices to produce substructure matrices that fit in the standard CB form. The physical boundary degrees-of-freedom (dof) of the experimental substructure matrices can be directly attached to physical dof in the remainder of the FE model. This paper derives the new experimental substructure that fits in the CB form, and presents results from an analytical and an industrial example utilizing the new CB form.
Combinatorics for Processes

In this chapter we study analogues of the birthday problem, the matching problem and the coupon-collector’s problem for finite-valued stochastic processes (X n ; n ≥ 1) more complicated than i.i.d.
Relationship Between Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Aging. Estimation of Age-at-death

Some studies have pointed to the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and age in different tissues, which are potentially interesting in aging research and in forensic identification because they could help to improve the estimation of age-at-death. The present study aims to evaluate the mutations in mtDNA from dentin and pulp and their relation with age. Healthy erupted third molars were extracted from individuals from two Spanish populations, aged 20-70. When analyzing the amplification of hypervariable region 2 of the mtDNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction, a negative strong linear correlation was found between the mtDNA amplification and age in dentin from both populations. In contrast, a significant correlation between mtDNA amplification and age in pulp was not discovered, probably due to the majority of the mitochondria are placed in dentin. A difference in mtDNA damage between these two populations was also detected, indicating the role of ancestry as a component. The findings from this research enrich the current studies related to aging and mitochondrial damage and provide a new quantitative tool for estimating the age-at-death that, in combination with traditional age markers, could improve identification accuracy in forensic cases.
Steric hindrance of the sulfatase of Helix pomatia on some 17-ketosteroid sulfate conjugates.

Sulfatases in Helix pomatia do not hydrolyze androsterone sulfate or 11-ketoandrosterone owing to steric hindrance of the position of hydrogen on carbon 5 when the sulfate group is on the same side of the molecule. Absolute hindrance occurs when both groups are in the a position, and intermediate hindrance is evident for the reverse configuration ( β ), because in the β position the sulfate and carbon 5-hydrogen group are more widely separated. When the hydrogen on carbon 5 is absent, as in dehydroepiandrosterone, or is on the opposite side of the molecule, there is no hindrance. The enzyme method of hydrolysis, therefore, will not detect sulfate conjugates of androsterone and related 17-ketosteroids. Clinically such loss does not seem to be significant because such urinary conjugates are present in very low concentrations. Continuing efforts to improve methods of hydrolysis of urinary steroids without loss or destruction of the steroids are desirable.
Conservative Coupling Algorithm for Structured-Unstructured Grid Interfaces

In this paper, an algorithm is presented for coupling structured and unstructured flow solvers. The algorithm fully conserves mass, momentum and energy across the interface between the structured and the unstructured grid. The grid nodes are not required to match at the interface. A novel feature of the methodology is that it allows to couple a structured, cellcentered finite-volume scheme with an unstructured, node-centered (median-dual) scheme. The validity of the approach is demonstrated for two-dimensional inviscid steady and unsteady flows, as well as for steady viscous flow. Various grid configurations with matching and non-matching interface nodes are investigated.
Periocular Reconstruction in Patients with Facial Paralysis

Facial paralysis can result in serious ocular consequences. All patients with orbicularis oculi weakness in the setting of facial nerve injury should undergo a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation. The main goal of management in these patients is to protect the ocular surface and preserve visual function. Patients with expected recovery of facial nerve function may only require temporary and conservative measures to protect the ocular surface. Patients with prolonged or unlikely recovery of facial nerve function benefit from surgical rehabilitation of the periorbital complex. Current reconstructive procedures are most commonly intended to improve coverage of the eye but cannot restore blink.
Think You Know How Smell Works? Sniff Again

The sense of smell is mediated by GPCRs in the odorant receptor (OR) family. Greer et al. report a new family of odor detectors, MS4As, that have similar cellular localization and chemodetection ability as ORs but are not GPCRs and follow a strikingly different logic of odor coding at the periphery.
Using Diagrammatic Drawings to Understand Fictional Spaces: Exploring the Buendía House in Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude

Fictional spaces described in literary texts are unique in that their spatial information is always underspecified, leaving readers with the task of filling in the unspecified details. While ways in which readers fill in unspecified elements have been proposed, very little empirical work has been done to examine the process. This paper presents an empirical study of how readers fill in unspecified details of fictional spaces described in literary texts. We asked readers to draw diagrams of the Buendia family home in the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Diagrams were analyzed to inventory the spatial elements that were depicted across several readers. The results indicate that readers fill in the spatial details of fictional spaces using their own culturally-specific understanding of similar real world spaces, and that narrative events also assign prominence and detail to certain areas within a fictional space. Using diagrams to understand fictional spaces is discussed from a pedagogical perspective.