cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affect and Cognition in Party Identification

Despite the centrality of party identification in understandings of political behavior in the United States, there is an unacknowledged disparity between our theories and measurement of the phenomenon. The traditional method of measuring party identification relies on supplying cognitive cues by explicitly asking respondents to "think" about their partisanship. The Michigan theory of party identification, in contrast, assumes that partisanship is primarily affective. Using a survey experiment, we explore the effects of asking respondents to feel rather than think about their party identification. The new questions reveal that the electorate is more Republican than previously thought. Response timers show that respondents take longer to answer the new items, suggesting that they are surveying a wider and deeper array of considerations. These results serve to revive many of our traditional conceptions of how party identity works while also opening the door for new research questions.
Assessment of bone dysplasia by micro-CT and glycosaminoglycan levels in mouse models for mucopolysaccharidosis type I, IIIA, IVA, and VII

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases caused by mutations in lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Patients with MPS grow poorly and become physically disabled due to systemic bone disease. While many of the major skeletal effects in mouse models for MPS have been described, no detailed analysis that compares GAGs levels and characteristics of bone by micro-CT has been done. The aims of this study were to assess severity of bone dysplasia among four MPS mouse models (MPS I, IIIA, IVA and VII), to determine the relationship between severity of bone dysplasia and serum keratan sulfate (KS) and heparan sulfate (HS) levels in those models, and to explore the mechanism of KS elevation in MPS I, IIIA, and VII mouse models. Clinically, MPS VII mice had the most severe bone pathology; however, MPS I and IVA mice also showed skeletal pathology. MPS I and VII mice showed severe bone dysplasia, higher bone mineral density, narrowed spinal canal, and shorter sclerotic bones by micro-CT and radiographs. Serum KS and HS levels were elevated in MPS I, IIIA, and VII mice. Severity of skeletal disease displayed by micro-CT, radiographs and histopathology correlated with the level of KS elevation. We showed that elevated HS levels in MPS mouse models could inhibit N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase enzyme. These studies suggest that KS could be released from chondrocytes affected by accumulation of other GAGs and that KS could be useful as a biomarker for severity of bone dysplasia in MPS disorders.
An analog PLL-based clock and data recovery circuit with high input jitter tolerance

A clock and data recovery circuit for a T1 network is described. A fully integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) extracts the carrier signal embedded in the data. Two trimming DACs simultaneously bring the VCO center frequency and the PLL closed-loop bandwidth to their specified values. A triple sampler captures the jittering data and aligns them with the recovered clock. The input jitter of this circuit is three times more than previously reported PLL-based circuits. >
Educating Tomorrow's Men: Perceived School Support, Negative Youth Experiences, and Bravado Attitudes in African American Adolescent Males.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between negative youth experiences and bravado attitudes in African American urban males. In addition, an examination of positive factors, s...
The evolution of school mathematics

The Madison Project has received a good deal of attention in the popular press as well as in professional publications. In this article, its Director describes the Project's “thrusts and probes” in mathematics education and reports on other current activities.
Preoperative assessment: pulmonary

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) include atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchospasm, hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. These conditions are a significant source of morbidity and mortality [1,2]. Postoperative changes include diaphragmatic dysfunction, V/Q mismatch, and reductions in functional residual capacity (FRC), which, while measurable, have an unclear relation to morbidity and mortality. The etiology of PPCs is complex and poorly understood. Because it is not practically or ethically possible to study the isolated effects of general anesthesia (GA) on the development of pulmonary complications after surgery, it is difficult to determine the dominant contribution (from anesthesia or from surgery). GA and surgery produce significant changes in the respiratory system, and the interaction of these changes is responsible, along with underlying respiratory conditions, for PPCs. GA decreases the number and activity of alveolar macrophages, inhibits mucociliary clearance, increases alveolar-capillary permeability, inhibits surfactant release, increases the activity of pulmonary nitric oxide synthetase, and enhances the sensitivity of the pulmonary vasculature to neurohumoral mediators [3–22]. GA also results in mechanical and functional changes to the respiratory system that may contribute to the development of PPCs. After induction of GA, FRC decreases and atelectatic plaques form in dependent portions of the lungs [23]. GA also alters diaphragmatic movement with near uniform motion of the diaphragm along the ventral-dorsal axis [24]. This may result in more ventilation of the superior (poorly perfused) portion of the lung and less ventilation of the lung in the dependent (better perfused) portion. The resulting ventilationperfusion (V/Q) inequality leads to shunt and dead-space ventilation. Regional diaphragmatic anatomic and neural differences result in abnormalities in diaphragmatic position and movement during GA [24]. These changes result in an
The National ignition facility: Status and performance of the world’s largest laser system for the high energy density and inertial confinement fusion

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been designed to support a wide variety of high energy density science (HEDS) experiments, including the demonstration of inertial fusion ignition and burn. To meet this goal, its 192-beam frequency-converted neodymium-glass laser must deliver up to 1.8-MJ total energy at 351 nm, with peak power of 500 TW and precisely-controlled temporal pulse shapes spanning two orders of magnitude. Over the past two years, a series of detailed measurements have been performed on one beamline of the NIF laser at 1omega(1053 nm), 2omega(526.5 nm), and 3omega(351 nm). Results of these experiments lend confidence to the expectation that NIF will meet its laser performance design criteria and that it will be able to simultaneously deliver the temporal pulse shaping, focal spot conditioning, peak power, shot-to-shot reproducibility, and power balance required for indirect-drive fusion ignition campaigns. The NIF final optics system has also been demonstrated to be capable of operating at 2omega energies of up to 17.9 kJ/beamline-3.4 MJ for a similarly configured 192-beam NIF. We discuss the status of NIF commissioning, and the nature and results of these measurement campaigns.
H i IMAGING OF LGS 3 AND AN APPARENTLY INTERACTING HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUD

We present a 93' × 93' map of the area near the Local Group dwarf galaxy LGS 3, centered on an H I cloud 30' away from the galaxy. Previous authors associated this cloud with LGS 3 but relied on observations made with a 36' beam. Our high-resolution (34), wide-field Arecibo observations of the region reveal that the H I cloud is distinct from the galaxy and suggest an interaction between the two. We point out faint emission features in the map that may be gas that has been tidally removed from the H I cloud by LGS 3. We also derive the rotation curve of the cloud and find that it is in solid-body rotation out to a radius of 10', beyond which the rotation velocity begins to decline. Assuming a spherical geometry for the cloud, the implied mass is 2.8 × 107(d/Mpc) M☉, where d is the distance in Mpc. The observed H I mass is 5.5 × 106(d/Mpc)2 M☉, implying that the cloud is dark matter dominated unless its distance is at least 1.9 Mpc. We propose that the cloud is a high-velocity cloud that is undergoing a tidal interaction with LGS 3 and therefore is located roughly 700 kpc away from the Milky Way. The cloud then contains a total mass of ~2.0 × 107 M☉, 82% of which consists of dark matter.
Super-Psi and the Survivalist Interpretation of Mediumship

According to the survivalist interpretation of mediumship, the existence of discarnate persons provides the best explanation for the data associ- ated with physical and mental mediumship. Others—advocates of what is often called the "super-psi hypothesis"—maintain that the data of mediumship may be at least equally explained in terms of living agent psi (ESP and psychokinesis). Many defenders of the survivalist interpretation of mediumship attempt to defl ate the alleged explanatory virtues of the super-psi hypothesis by arguing that the hypothesis is unfalsifi able and lacks independent evidential support. My central contention in this paper is that these frequently encountered survivalist criticisms of the super-psi hypothesis are ultimately self-defeating to the case for survival from mediumship. To show this I fi rst argue in some detail that the survivalist interpretation of mediumship is committed to a kind or degree of psi that is indistinguishable from what is required by the super-psi hypothesis. From this vantage point it can be shown that any attempt to impugn the explanatory virtues of the super-psi hypothesis on account of the kind or degree of psi it requires undercuts the argument for survival itself.
EUV mask infrastructure readiness and gaps for TD and HVM

The industry is transitioning EUV lithography from feasibility phase to technology development. EUV mask infrastructure needs to be prepared to support the technology development and ready to enable the implementation of EUV lithography for production. In this paper, we review the current status and assess the readiness of key infrastructure modules in EUV mask fabrication, inspection and control, and usage in a mask cycle: blank quality and inspection, pattern inspection, defect disposition and repair, pellicle integration, and handling of pelliclized masks.
Improved low-cost, MR-compatible olfactometer to deliver tobacco smoke odor

We describe a low-cost, MRI-compatible olfactometer that delivers fresh cigarette smoke odor, a challenging odorant to present, as well as other odorants. This new olfactometer retains all of the advantages of an earlier design that was capable of only delivering volatile odors (Lowen & Lukas, Behavior Research Methods, 38, 307-313, 2006). The new system incorporates a novel switching mechanism that allows it to deliver fresh smoke generated from a burning cigarette during a stimulus presentation paradigm that might be employed in a cue-reactivity experiment. An evaluation study established that the olfactometer reliably delivered smoke to the participants and that tobacco smoke was discriminated from other odorants; there were no adverse reactions to the device.
Reliability analysis of tunnels using a metamodeling technique based on augmented radial basis functions

Abstract Metamodeling techniques have been developed and used for years in engineering reliability analysis involving expensive response simulations. In practical tunnel engineering problems where finite element (FE) simulations are required, the limited state/performance functions are in general implicit and nonlinear, and it is difficult to apply traditional gradient-based or sampling-based reliability methods, especially for large-scale problems. There is a need to develop accurate and efficient metamodels for practical tunnel engineering applications. In this paper, a metamodeling technique for reliability analysis of tunnels was studied based on augmented radial basis functions (RBFs). With a relatively small size of samples, the RBFs were used to create accurate approximate functions for different types of responses including linear and higher-order nonlinear functions. With the RBF-based metamodel constructed to express a limit state/performance function, Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were applied to evaluate failure probability. The failure probability and reliability index obtained using the RBF-based metamodeling method were found to have good accuracy with a reasonable number of sample points. The reliability analyses of two existing tunnel examples showed that the augmented RBF metamodeling approach was efficient and effective for tunnel engineering problems.
Alkylation of phenol with dimethyl carbonate over AlPO4, Al2O3 and AlPO4-Al2O3 catalysts

The vapor-phase catalytic alkylation of phenol with dimethyl carbonate over different AlPO4 (Al/P=1), Al2O3 and AlPO4-Al2O3 (5–25 wt.% Al2O3) catalysts produces anisole (O-alkylation) as the major reaction product althougho-cresol (C-alkylation) and methylanisoles were also found. The reaction is first order in phenol while O-and C-alkylation follow parallel processes. As compared with methanol, DMC is far more effective as a methylating agent, and the methylation proceeds at a lower temperature and with higher O-alkylation selectivity.
O-031 Implementation of an Institutional-Wide Acute Stroke Algorithm: Improving Stroke Quality Metrics

Background and purpose Stroke is a major public health burden in the United States. In May 2012, the Vanderbilt Emergency Department (ED) Stroke Algorithm was implemented. The goal of our study was to: 1) describe the process of revising our stroke algorithm, and 2) compare pre- and post-algorithm implementation quality improvement (QI) data. Methods Our institutional stroke algorithm underwent extensive revision, with a focus on removing variability, streamlining care, and improving time delays. A detailed description of the Vanderbilt ED Stroke Algorithm is seen in Figure 1. The process begins with an initial Stroke Alert page that notifies the neurology team. Immediate non-contrast head CT, routine labs, and possible CTA/CTP are obtained. After initial evaluation, a second Assessment page with NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is sent. If NIHSS >6, the neurointerventionalist is immediately notified. After the case is reviewed between the neurology attending and neurointerventionalist, a third Treatment page is sent with treatment decision (none, IV tPA, IA therapy, IV tPA plus IA therapy). The following time points were assessed pre- and post-algorithm implementation: door to CT, door to neurology evaluation, and door to tPA time. Results Our stroke algorithm was implemented in May 2012. Over four separate three-month time periods, one pre- and three post-algorithm time points, several stroke QI data points improved. The following data points improved after algorithm implementation: average door to CT time decreased from 40.4 to 13.0 min (p Conclusion A stroke protocol was successfully implemented at our institution with promising results. Several QI parameters significantly decreased. We describe our algorithm for the benefit of other developing stroke centers in their mission to improve care of the acute stroke patient. Disclosures S. Zuckerman: None. J. Magarik: None. K. Espaillat: None. R. Bhatia: None. M. Dewan: None. P. Morone: None. J. Mocco: None.
Germline loss of PKM2 promotes metabolic distress and hepatocellular carcinoma

Alternative splicing of the Pkm gene product generates the PKM1 and PKM2 isoforms of pyruvate kinase (PK), and PKM2 expression is closely linked to embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. To interrogate the functional requirement for PKM2 during development and tissue homeostasis, we generated germline PKM2-null mice (Pkm2(-/-)). Unexpectedly, despite being the primary isoform expressed in most wild-type adult tissues, we found that Pkm2(-/-) mice are viable and fertile. Thus, PKM2 is not required for embryonic or postnatal development. Loss of PKM2 leads to compensatory expression of PKM1 in the tissues that normally express PKM2. Strikingly, PKM2 loss leads to spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high penetrance that is accompanied by progressive changes in systemic metabolism characterized by altered systemic glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, in addition to its role in cancer metabolism, PKM2 plays a role in controlling systemic metabolic homeostasis and inflammation, thereby preventing HCC by a non-cell-autonomous mechanism.
Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and cortisol in gilts treated with N-methyl-D,L-aspartate during the estrous cycle or after ovariectomy.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of n-methyl-d,l-aspartate (NMA), an agonist of the neurotransmitter glutamate, on circulating concentrations of LH, GH, and cortisol in gilts treated during the luteal (n = 4) or follicular (n = 4) phase of the estrous cycle, or after ovariectomy (n = 4). Blood was sampled every 15 min for 10 h on each of two consecutive days. On the 1st d, two gilts from each group received i.v. injections of NMA (10 mg/kg BW) at h 4 and 6, and the remaining gilts received .9% saline (vehicle). The following day, gilts that had received NMA on the 1st d received vehicle, and gilts that had received vehicle on d 1 received NMA. All gilts received an i.v. challenge of GnRH (.1 microg/kg BW) at h 8 on each day. The NMA treatment increased (P .05) by NMA in follicular phase gilts. Serum LH concentrations for the 2-h period following GnRH were lower (P < .05) in follicular-phase gilts than in ovariectomized gilts and were 1.15 +/- .09 (mean +/- SE), .81 +/- .05, and .51 +/- .17 ng/mL for ovariectomized, luteal-phase, and follicular-phase gilts, respectively. Treatment with NMA increased circulating concentrations of GH by 334% (P < .01) and cortisol by 77% (P < .03) in all gilts. We suggest that the effects of NMA on LH release in gilts depend on the circulating steroidal milieu. In contrast, NMA evokes secretion of GH and cortisol irrespective of the reproductive status of treated gilts.
Figure-of-merit for phase-change materials used in thermal management

Abstract In this work, we utilize a figure-of-merit ( FOM ) to compare the performance of various phase-change materials (PCMs) in managing short bursts of high-power heat flux, particularly those associated with microprocessors undergoing bursty operation on a time scale of approximately one second. We numerically investigate the FOM for applications that have realistic boundary conditions and lack analytical solutions. We also fabricate microprocessor proxies with integrated PCM compartments mounted in a smartphone package, and experimentally demonstrate the use of a high- FOM PCM to buffer short heat spikes as large as 11 W/cm 2 .
RNA therapeutics: RNAi and antisense mechanisms and clinical applications

RNA therapeutics refers to the use of oligonucleotides to target primarily ribonucleic acids (RNA) for therapeutic efforts or in research studies to elucidate functions of genes. Oligonucleotides are distinct from other pharmacological modalities, such as small molecules and antibodies that target mainly proteins, due to their mechanisms of action and chemical properties. Nucleic acids come in two forms: deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA). Although DNA is more stable, RNA offers more structural variety ranging from messenger RNA (mRNA) that codes for protein to non-coding RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). As our understanding of the wide variety of RNAs deepens, researchers have sought to target RNA since >80% of the genome is estimated to be transcribed. These transcripts include non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs and siRNAs that function in gene regulation by playing key roles in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein, the final product of the central dogma in biology1. Currently there are two main approaches used to target RNA: double stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). Both approaches are currently in clinical trials for targeting of RNAs involved in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. In fact, ASOs targeting spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have shown positive results in clinical trials2. Advantages of ASOs include higher affinity due to the development of chemical modifications that increase affinity, selectivity while decreasing toxicity due to off-target effects. This review will highlight the major therapeutic approaches of RNA medicine currently being applied with a focus on RNAi and ASOs.
Skepticism revisited

Thought experiments involving The Matrix, brains-in-vats, or Cartesian demons have traditionally thought to describe skeptical possibilities. Chalmers has denied this, claiming that the simulations involved are real enough to at least sometimes defeat the skeptic. Through an examination of the meaning of kind terms in natural language I argue that, though the Chalmers view may be otherwise attractive, it is not an antidote to skepticism.
The measurement of myocardial T1 relaxation times in humans with inversion recovery EPI

Changes in myocardial longitudinal relaxation time (T1) are important for evaluating myocardial blood flow with first-pass contrast-enhanced MRI. Relaxation dynamics for inversion recovery echo planar imaging (I -EPI) are less complex than partial flip angle, field echo techniques. The goal of this project is to develop and evaluate a robust method for measuring T1 in intact, beating human hearts. I -EPI was performed on eight asymptomatic volunteers using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system. Imaging parameters were: FOV=42.5 cm, phase sampling ratio = 0.609 -0.781, 64x112 matrix, TE eff =47.8 ms., at least six inversion times, TI, ranging from 72 to 1400 ms, one shot. Four short axis slices were obtained for each T1. Signal intensities were measured for four ROI myocardial segments in each slice and plotted versus TI. T1 measurements were validated using a phantom containing gadolinium contrast at various dilutions. Linear interpolation was used following logarithmic transformation to calculate myocardial T1 based on the determination of the null point. The mean global myocardial T1 value was 811 ms+/- 49.8 ms (mean +/- SD). We conclude that myocardial T1 measurements, specific to each patient, can be measured with good accuracy and reproducibilit using IR-EPI.
The Drug Store

The life and death by execution of Stanley Tookie Williams is related a teleconference call from his San Quentin cell, seeing him when we tour the prison, and participating in our Witness Program, outside the prison while he was executed inside. The controversy surrounding capital punishment is explored. Tookie’s life is examined from the perspective of resiliency theory. The failure of the War on Drugs is discussed. Illustrations of open-air drug use are given and a discussion with San Francisco Police Department street teachers is reported on, including that most dealers and buyers come from outside the neighborhood. Another Tenderloin death, another funeral. The work of a physician in the Hunters Point neighborhood, where the most recent murder victim was living, emphasizes the stress of inner-city life.
Tillich’s Indebtedness to Kant: Two Recently Translated Review Essays on Rudolf Otto’s Idea of the Holy

The article will show, through two of Tillich’s lesser-known writings—the newspaper review articles on the person and work of Rudolf Otto—that Otto greatly influenced Tillich at a formative stage in his intellectual development and that several key elements of Tillich’s mature thought are found in Tillich’s analysis of Otto. It will also show, in reference to the interpretations of Caird and Palmquist, that Otto’s philosophy of religion can be fruitfully understood as a direct extension of Kant’s critical philosophy. Furthermore, o author show how the superstructure of Tillich’s theology bears a striking resemblance to Kant’s philosophy in the sense of Caird, Otto, and Palmquist. Insofar as this analysis is accurate, Tillich’s systematic theology is as much grounded on the philosophy of Kant as it is on the philosophy of Schelling.
Decomposition of terrestrial resource subsidies in headwater streams: Does consumer diversity matter?

Resource subsidies and biodiversity are essential for maintaining community structure and ecosystem functioning, but the relative importance of consumer diversity and resource characteristics to decomposition remains unclear. Forested headwater streams are detritus-based systems, dependent on leaf litter inputs from adjacent riparian ecosystems, and decomposition of these resources is an important ecosystem function. Here, we examined the effects of consumer community diversity on leaf decomposition in a reciprocal transplant experiment. We asked (1) whether stream consumer communities are adapted to local resources and (2) how functional trait diversity among communities affects the leaf decomposition process. We did not find evidence that communities were adapted to locally derived resource subsidies. Instead, we found that consumer biomass and functional trait diversity as well as resource characteristics were the primary biotic drivers of decomposition. Consumer biomass was stimulated by specific resource subsidies, leading to direct and indirect effects of resource subsidies on ecosystem functioning. Contrary to current theory, we show that decomposition was higher with decreased detritivore functional diversity, suggesting dominant traits encompassing a specific niche increased decomposition. We also show that top-down, consumer diversity effects can be equal in magnitude to the bottom-up effects of resource characteristics during the decomposition process. Our research illustrates the importance of considering multiple biotic and abiotic drivers interacting via multiple pathways to affect a crucial ecosystem function.
A simplified IGBT behavioral model with a tail current module for switching losses estimation

Behavioral models of semiconductor devices have been widely implemented in simulation tools because they have simple structures and easy parameter extraction procedures. However, the IGBT behavioral model is more complicated than that of the MOSFET because the BJT structure exhibits charge storage phenomenon, such as the tail current. In this paper, a simple IGBT behavioral model with easy parameter extraction procedure and wide temperature range is proposed to estimate hard switching loss at different operation conditions. A tail current module is implemented so that the estimation of turn-off loss becomes more accurate. The switching performance of the proposed model is validated at different voltages, currents, gate resistance and temperatures.
POSTER: Hidden in Plain Sight: A Filesystem for Data Integrity and Confidentiality

A filesystem capable of curtailing data theft and ensuring file integrity protection through deception is introduced and evaluated. The deceptive filesystem transparently creates multiple levels of stacking to protect the base filesystem and monitor file accesses, hide and redact sensitive files with baits, and inject decoys onto fake system views purveyed to untrusted subjects, all while maintaining a pristine state to legitimate processes. Our prototype implementation leverages a kernel hot-patch to seamlessly integrate the new filesystem module into live and existing environments. We demonstrate the utility of our approach with a use case on the nefarious Erebus ransomware. We also show that the filesystem adds no I/O overhead for legitimate users.
Health care access, concentrated poverty, and pediatric asthma hospital care use in California's San Joaquin Valley: A multilevel approach

ABSTRACTBackground: California's San Joaquin Valley is a region with a history of poverty, low health care access, and high rates of pediatric asthma. It is important to understand the potential barriers to care that challenge vulnerable populations. Objective: The objective was to describe pediatric asthma-related utilization patterns in the emergency department (ED) and hospital by insurance coverage as well as to identify contributing individual-level indicators (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance coverage) and neighborhood-level indicators of health care access. Methods: This was a retrospective study based on secondary data from California hospital and ED records 2007–2012. Children who used services for asthma-related conditions, were aged 0–14 years, Hispanic or non-Hispanic white, and resided in the San Joaquin Valley were included in the analysis. Poisson multilevel modeling was used to control for individual- and neighborhood-level factors. Results: The effect of insurance coverage on asthm...
Cyclic peptide inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 with improved potency identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis.

Abstract Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a chromatin-remodeling enzyme that plays an important role in cancer. Over-expression of LSD1 decreases methylation at histone 3 lysine 4, and aberrantly silences tumor suppressor genes. Inhibitors of LSD1 have been designed as chemical probes and potential antitumor agents. We recently reported the cyclic peptide 9, which potently and reversibly inhibits LSD1 (IC50 2.1 μM; Ki 385 nM). Systematic alanine mutagenesis of 9 revealed residues that are critical for LSD1 inhibition, and these mutated peptides were evaluated as LSD1 inhibitors. Alanine substitution at positions 2, 3, 4, 6 and 11–17 preserved inhibition, while substitution of alanine at positions 8 and 9 resulted in complete loss of activity. Cyclic mutant peptides 11 and 16 produced the greatest LSD1 inhibition, and 11, 16, 27 and 28 increased global H3K4me2 in K562 cells. In addition, 16, 27 and 28 promoted significant increases in H3K4me2 levels at the promoter sites of the genes IGFBP2 and FEZ1. Data from these LSD1 inhibitors will aid in the design of peptidomimetics with improved stability and pharmacokinetics.
Reviving B-Factors: Retrospective Normalized B-Factor Analysis of c-ros Oncogene 1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase L1196M with Crizotinib and Lorlatinib

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) is commonly leveraged in rational drug design. Usually, ligand and binding site atomic coordinates from crystallographic data are exploited to optimize potency and selectivity. In addition to traditional, static views of proteins and ligands, we propose using normalized B-factors to study protein dynamics as a part of the drug optimization process. A retrospective case study of crizotinib and lorlatinib bound to both c-ros oncogene 1 kinase (ROS1) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) L1196M related normalized B-factors to differences in binding affinity. This analysis showed that ligand binding can have protein-stabilizing effects that start near the ligand but propagate through nearby residues and structural waters to more distal motifs. The potential opportunities for analyzing normalized B-factors in SBDD are also discussed.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Phenotypes and Comorbidities

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic disorder characterized by heterogeneity in its presentation and clinical course. Clinicians have attempted to delineate distinct clinical phenotypes within this disorder as a means to provide additional diagnostic, prognostic, or treatment information. Traditionally, phenotypes have been recognized based upon clinical features, physiologic testing, radiographic appearance, or disease course. It is believed that in the future, phenotyping will be supplanted by molecular endotyping, which incorporates genetic, metabolic, transcriptional, and environmental factors to provide insight into the underlying molecular pathways leading to fibrosis. Molecular endotyping holds promise to enhance early diagnosis of IPF, provide more detailed prognostic information, and allow for individualization of treatment. This chapter will discuss the various IPF phenotypes and their unique distinguishing features. Patients with IPF are at risk for a number of comorbidities that can negatively affect quality of life, functional status, and survival including gastroesophageal reflux disease, venous thromboembolism, and cardiac disease. This chapter will also discuss the prevalence, impact, and recommended management strategies of comorbidities that are frequently encountered in patients with IPF.
Semigroups of Linear Operators

In this chapter we present an introductory treatment of the theory of semigroups of linear operators over a Hilbert space, emphasizing those aspects which are of importance in applications. As a rule we shall not strive for generality and instead shall dwell on special classes of semigroups such as compact semigroups and Hilbert-Schmidt semigroups. Semigroup theory is generally accepted as an integral part of functional analysis and is included in most standard treatises on functional analysis which should be consulted for details if necessary. We have taken some pains to illustrate the application to partial differential equations; the abstract parts of the theory are in many ways easier than the specialization to partial differential equations. Nevertheless the abstract formulation has the advantage that it provides a direct generalization of finite dimensional models and makes the transition more transparent, especially in the application to control problems.
Reactive oxygen species goes beyond photodynamic therapy (Conference Presentation)

The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism is the major cause underlying the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT procedure is based on the cascade of synergistic effects between light, a photosensitizer (PS) and oxygen, which greatly favors the spatiotemporal control of the treatment. This procedure has also evoked several unresolved challenges at different levels including (i) the limited penetration depth of light, which restricts traditional PDT to superficial tumors; (ii) oxygen reliance does not allow PDT treatment of hypoxic tumors; (iii) light can complicate the phototherapeutic outcomes because of the concurrent heat generation; (iv) specific delivery of PSs to sub-cellular organelles for exerting effective toxicity remains an issue; and (v) side effects from undesirable white-light activation and self-catalyzation of traditional PSs. In this talk, the current status and the possible opportunities of nanomedicine for ROS generation for cancer therapy will be discussed in detail.
Utilization and Perceived Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation in Veterans: Results from a National Survey

Complementary and integrative health (CIH) approaches are increasingly utilized in health care, and mindfulness meditation is one such evidence-based CIH practice. More information is needed about veterans’ utilization of mindfulness to inform integration within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). This study involved secondary data analysis of a national survey to evaluate utilization and perceived effectiveness of mindfulness relative to other CIH approaches among military veterans. Military veterans (n = 1230) enrolled in VHA reported CIH utilization rates, reasons for use, perceived effectiveness, treatment barriers, and demographics. Approximately 18% of veterans reported using mindfulness meditation in the past year, exceeding the proportion using all other CIH approaches (p < .001), with the exception of massage and chiropractic care. Mindfulness was most commonly used for stress reduction and addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Among mindfulness users, veterans rated mindfulness with a mean score of 3.18 out of 5 (SD = 0.82) in terms of effectiveness, reflecting a response in the “somewhat helpful” to “moderately helpful” range. This was similar to ratings of other CIH approaches (mean = 3.20, p = .391). Of those who used mindfulness, nearly all (78%) reported only using it outside the VHA. Veterans identified not knowing if the VHA offered mindfulness as the most common reason for using mindfulness outside VHA. In summary, veterans use mindfulness for a range of reasons and report receiving benefit from its use. Low awareness and potentially low availability of VHA’s mindfulness programs need to be addressed to increase access.
Preparedness of early childhood teachers to teach financial literacy: evidence from the US

This study investigates financial literacy among early childhood teachers in the US. A survey was used to measure the financial literacy among early childhood teachers in New Jersey, USA (N = 152)....
The Impact of Incarceration on Recidivism

The US prison population stands at 1.43 million persons, with an additional 740,000 persons in local jails. Nearly all will eventually return to society. This review examines the available evidence...
Solving Major Problems Using Vector Affine Quantization

Affine quantization is a parallel procedure to canonical quantization, which is ideally suited to deal with special problems. Vector affine quantization introduces multiple degrees of freedom which find that working together create novel tools suitable to eliminate typical difficulties encountered in more conventional approaches.
Order on the Edge of Empire: Social Network Analysis of Colonial Mission Landscapes in Nuevo México and the Pimería Alta

Archaeologists working from a postcolonial framework are increasingly examining how the politics of Indigenous societies in North America structured European colonialism on the continent. Understanding the cultural landscapes of Indigenous societies is one part of this process, and the logics of colonial attempts to organize and control this space is a necessary counterpoint in the dialectic of colonial encounters. Social network analysis (SNA) can be applied to both Indigenous and colonial social organizations to understand how network organization influenced colonial encounters. As a case study, we compare the imagined colonial organization of early seventeenth-century Spanish missionization among the Pueblos of New Mexico with eighteenth-century missionization in the Pimeria Alta of Arizona and Sonora. Network analysis is applied to documentary evidence to evaluate the idealized structure of Spanish mission systems in both regions as missionaries imagined it. The network qualities of missionary orders proved extremely resilient. Basic network qualities remained, enduring revolts and bureaucratic changeover. The results highlight how a simple and replicable structure was an adaptation to the unpredictable colonial borderlands. These case studies offer a template for the study of cultural landscapes through SNA and modeling the hidden mechanisms of colonialism.
Arctic River Flow: A Review of Contributing Areas

A circumpolar ring of land practically surrounds the Arctic Ocean. The areal extent of the landmass, which transfers flow to this ocean, is substantial and exceeds the ocean area to which it contributes. For example, headwater streams as far south as 46°N in Russia eventually empty into this relatively confined northern basin. As noted by Lewis et al.[1],the total volume and temporal variability of freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean (AO) is of critical concern to the ocean freshwater budget (FWB) and subsequently, via atmospheric and oceanographic feedbacks, to global climate. In general, considerable research continues to refine the size and variability of the various components that comprise the AOFWB, some of which are difficult to quantify. Despite the relatively large database for the river-flow component, there exists in the literature considerable variation in the estimates of its contribution. The objectives of this paper were to quantify the magnitude of river flow entering the Arctic Ocean according to the ocean definition of [1], to compare this value with other recent estimates, and to identify reasons for differences in the estimates. A detailed analysis of historical trends in Arctic flow are not included since this is provided by Shiklomanov et al.[2] and Grabs et al.[3], elsewhere in this volume. The potential impact of future climate change on total Arctic river flow, however, is the focus of a final objective. Recommendations for future research conclude the manuscript.
Subacute Dietary Toxicities of Dicrotophos and Dieldrin in Time-Replicated Trials with Young Ring-Necked Pheasants and Mallards

The dietary toxicities of (E)-phosphoric acid 3-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl dimethyl ester (dicrotophos) and 3.4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6, 6a,7,7a-octahydro-2,7:3,6-dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene (dieldrin) to 10-day-old ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and 5-day-old mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were compared in five time-replicated trials. Toxicities were calculated as median lethal concentrations (LC 5 0 s) based on 5 days of ad libitum feeding on geometrically spaced concentrations of toxicant. The LC 5 0 s were more uniform for dieldrin than for dicrotophos with both species and more uniform for pheasants than for mallards with both compounds. The LC 5 0 s of dieldrin and dicrotophos averaged 59 [standard deviation (SD) = 4.4] and 45 ppm (SD = 5.0) for pheasants, and 156 (SD = 24.9) and 102 ppm (SD = 24.9) for mallards. Changes in LC 5 0 s between successive trials, although possibly haphazard, were nearly always in the same direction for both compounds with both species. Feeding rates at various concentrations of equivalent potency gave meaningful insight into the sensitivity and vulnerability of both species to these insecticides. Comparisons of 5 and 10-day-old mallards demonstrated the importance of age differences to interpretation of short-term subacute toxicity data. For example, at 5 days dicrotophos was 1.5 times more toxic than dieldrin. but at 10 days dieldrin was 2.6 times more toxic. These differences are explained.
Targeted Hepatic Sonography During Clinic Visits for Detection of Fatty Liver in Overweight Children A Pilot Study

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and utility of targeted hepatic sonography to evaluate for hepatic steatosis during a subspecialty clinic visit. METHODS In this pilot study, we performed targeted hepatic sonography on 25 overweight children aged 7 to 17 years consecutively seen in a pediatric obesity clinic. Long-axis images of the right lobe of the liver and a split-screen image of liver and spleen were taken. Images were interpreted in real time by the radiologist and shown to the family. Demographics, clinical measurements, and laboratory parameters were also collected from the specialty clinic visit on the same day. RESULTS Sonography required a median of 4 minutes during the visit (interquartile range, 3-5 minutes). All consented patients completed the study. The median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 23 U/L in those with no steatosis (n = 14), 26 U/L with mild steatosis (n = 6), and 41 U/L with moderate/marked steatosis (n = 5). Children with ALT levels of 25 to 50 U/L had very variable sonographic measures of hepatic steatosis. When the participants were categorized by the overall degree of fatty liver, hepatic steatosis was significantly associated with the aspartate aminotransferase level (P = .028), ALT level (P = .003), and diastolic blood pressure (P = .05) but did not correlate with age, sex, Latino race, or insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Targeted hepatic sonography added information not apparent from routine ALT screening and provided immediate feedback to clinicians and families about the effect of obesity on end organs. This examination could be a feasible, informative addition to screening for children at high risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who are seen in clinics that specialize in obesity.
Nuclear Threat Detection Via the Nuclear Web and Dark Web: Framework and Preliminary Study

We believe the science of Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) can help with nuclear forensics and attribution. ISI research can help advance the intelligence collection, analytical techniques and instrumentation used in determining the origin, capability, intent, and transit route of nuclear materials by selected hostile countries and (terrorist) groups. We propose a research framework that aims to investigate the Capability, Accessibility, and Intent of critical high-risk countries, institutions, researchers, and extremist or terrorist groups. We propose to develop a knowledge base of the Nuclear Web that will collect, analyze, and pinpoint significant actors in the high-risk international nuclear physics and weapon community. We also identify potential extremist or terrorist groups from our Dark Web testbed who might pose WMD threats to the US and the international community. Selected knowledge mapping and focused web crawling techniques and findings from a preliminary study are presented in this paper.
Deaccession of Art From the Public Trust

A deaccession crisis confronts the American Museum community. Deaccession of art occurs when a museum decides to dispose of a work of art. The crisis stems not just from the practice itself - though there are indications deaccession will occur with increasing regularity. Rather the curious mixture of trust and estates law, state law, tax policy, nonprofit governance and professional guidelines governing deaccession all combine to form a set of binding norms and laws which lack clarity and often conflict. This precludes a reasoned appraisal of whether any given sale may benefit the public. More care should be taken when crafting the rules governing our collective cultural heritage. Regrettably the current rules lead to a number of pernicious consequences: the loss of works from the public trust, the closure of museums and unnecessary legal disputes. This article attempts to define the public interest in works of art, and provide a framework to guide deaccession of works of art in the future to ensure those sales do in fact serve the public interest. Current guidelines require that deaccession proceeds be used only to purchase more art. This article proposes three changes. First, the unnecessary restriction on deaccession proceeds should be eliminated. Second, when an important work of art is deaccessioned, other museums should be given an opportunity to purchase a work - to keep it in the public trust or its region - in much the same way the United Kingdom and other nations regulate the export of works of art. Finally, when any museum is considering a deaccession, it must provide reasons for the sale and publicize the decision to allow interested and impartial observers to monitor the removal.
Efficient Post-Retirement Asset Allocation

Abstract To examine post-retirement asset allocation, an extension to the classic Markowitz risk-return framework is suggested. Assuming that retirees make constant (real dollar) annual withdrawals from their portfolios, reward and risk measures are defined to be the mean and standard deviation of wealth remaining at end of life. Asset returns and time of death are both treated as random variables. Assuming constant lifetime asset allocation, the risk and reward measures can be evaluated analytically, and an efficient frontier can be determined. Life annuities can be used to extend the left-hand (low-risk) side of the efficient frontier. The desired level of wealth at end of life can be used to choose a desirable portfolio on the efficient frontier. The desirable portfolio strongly depends on the withdrawal rate. It is suggested (although not proven) that asset allocations strategies that vary with age do not add efficiency in this model, and asset allocation strategies that vary with wealth can add effic...