cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attltudes Towards AIDS and Homosexuals: Gender, Marital Status, and Religlon

The current study investigates the relationship between fear of AIDS and homophobia. The role of gender, marital status, religion, and church attendance as possible mediating variables in the hypothesized relationship was also investigated. Responses of 507 subjects to questionnaires indicated that men and women reported the same level of fear of AIDS; however, men were more homophobic than women. There was no difference between single and married individuals in the level of fear of AIDS; but people who had never been married were more homophobic than married individuals. There was also no relationship between religiosity and fear of AIDS. There were, however, differences in levels of homophobia across denominations. Finally, there was a relationship between church attendance and both fear of AIDS and homophobia. The results are compared to those obtained by Bouton and his colleagues 5 years earlier and implications for educational programs designed to change attitudes toward AIDS and homosexuality are discussed.
Recombination X-Ray Line Formation of Iron L-Shell Ions in Low-Temperature Plasmas

In low-temperature plasmas, X-ray line emission is dominated by radiative cascades following recombination and photoexcitation, with a negligible contribution from collisional excitation. In this paper, we present theoretical line formation rate coefficients for all n → 2 (3 ≤ n ≤ 5) transitions of Fe XVII-XXIV in the temperature range between 1 and 500 eV. Both radiative recombination (RR) and ΔN = 0 dielectronic recombination (DR) are taken into account. In addition, the rate coefficients for radiative recombination continua onto n = 2 and 3 states of Fe XVII-XXIV are tabulated. The total RR rate coefficients of Fe XVIII-XXV and total ΔN = 0 DR rate coefficients of Fe XVIII-XXIV are presented as well, and compared with existing experimental measurements and theoretical calculations.
Management of Major or Massive Hemoptysis in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Bronchial Arterial Embolization

Management of massive hemoptysis in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis is complicated. Transcatheter hemostatic embolization of bleeding vessels with absorbable material has been reported to be useful in controlling this problem. Twelve patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who had major or massive hemoptysis were managed at Cook County Hospital, Chicago, from 1982 to 1986. Various methods of treatment have been evaluated. The technique of angiographic embolization and the criteria for selection of patients for its use constitute the basis of this report.
Fecenia travancoria Pocock is recognised as a junior synonym of Fecenia protensa Thorell (Araneae: Psechridae): a case of intraspecific variation .

The spider genus Fecenia was erected by Simon (1887). Together with the genus Psechrus Thorell, 1878, Fecenia Simon, 1887 belongs to the family Psechridae Simon, 1890 (Platnick 2013), a group of araneomorph, entelegyne and cribellate spiders (Bayer and Jager 2010). The presence of this spider genus in India, which belongs to the Lycosoidea within the retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA)-clade (Griswold 1993; Griswold et al. 2005; Bayer and Schonhofer 2013), was first noticed by Thorell (1891), who described Fecenia protensa Thorell, 1891 from the Nicobar Islands. In 1899, Pocock (1899) described a second species, Fecenia travancoria from Kerala, a state in the south-west of India. Bayer (2011) recently revised the genus and proposed two junior synonyms for F. protensa: F. sumatrana Kulczynski, 1908 and F. nicobarensis Tikader, 1977. He also pointed out the striking similarities of the females of F. protensa and F. travancoria. Nevertheless, he provided ways to distinguish the females by very fine character differences of the vulva and listed five valid species for the genus (Fecenia) (Bayer 2011). Bayer & Schonhofer (2013) investigated the molecular taxonomy based on DNA sequence data from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of Fecenia specimens from all species described so far (except F. macilenta Simon, 1885) and found out that the COI sequence variation between specimens of F. travancoria and F. protensa was less than 4.7 %, whereas the COI sequence variation between other Fecenia spp. was at least 9%. They suggested that their findings indicated the synonymy of F. travancoria with F. protensa , but the male and further material of F. travancoria from the region of the type locality was unknown to them. Consequently, they did not propose a synonymy of these two species. Even though Sebastian and Peter (2009) described the female of F. travancoria from Kerala region, they neither provided any information about its male nor any information about intraspecific variation within its females. In the present paper, we describe and illustrate male Fecenia specimens from the region of the type locality of F. travancoria for the first time and by doing so, we are able to provide evidence for the synonymy of F. travancoria with F. protensa.
U.S. Daily Temperatures: The Meaning of Extremes in the Context of Nonnormality

AbstractVariations in extreme daily temperatures are explored in relation to changes in seasonal mean temperature using 1218 high-quality U.S. temperature stations spanning 1900–2012. Extreme temperatures are amplified (or damped) by as much as ±50% relative to changes in average temperature, depending on region, season, and whether daily minimum or maximum temperature is analyzed. The majority of this regional structure in amplification is shown to follow from regional variations in temperature distributions. More specifically, there exists a close relationship between departures from normality and the degree to which extreme changes are amplified relative to the mean. To distinguish between intraseasonal and interannual contributions to nonnormality and amplification, an additional procedure, referred to as z bootstrapping, is introduced that controls for changes in the mean and variance between years. Application of z bootstrapping indicates that amplification of winter extreme variations is generally ...
An innovative process for faculty development in residency training.

Background: For programs to accomplish the goals of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Outcome Project, faculty must be trained to deliver and assess education that is level-specific, competency-based, standardized, integrated, and easily accessible. Description: An innovative faculty development model that accomplishes these goals is described. This model trained faculty to analyze curricular needs and then to design, disseminate, and evaluate their curricula. This model utilized guided experiential learning that promoted the creation of residency program curricula and faculty buy-in. Evaluation: Key outcomes included high levels of resident satisfaction and use of the curricula, improved tracking of rotation progress, improved faculty satisfaction with their role as educators, perceived improvement in resident evaluations, and increased involvement of faculty in creating and teaching to the curriculum. Conclusion: This process may be adapted by other programs based on their ...
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of the Kaufman Version of the McCarthy Scales Short Form for a Sample of Mexican-American Children

Largely because of Public Law (PL) 94-142, there has been a recent spate of interest in the early detection of children who might have learning problems. The major focus of such research has been to develop abbreviated tests (short forms) from well known clinical tests of intelligence.The concurrent validity and reliability of Kaufman's short-form version of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) was examined for a sample of 342 Mexican-American preschool and kindergarten age children. The impetus for this investigation was due to interest generated by PL 94-142 and by the paucity of appropriate screening instruments for such children. The results showed that generally the positive psychometric properties of the Kaufman short form of the MSCA (correlation between the estimated scores from the Kaufman form and actual cognitive scores earned on the full MSCA, standard error of estimate, and reliability) were also noted for the children in this study. It was concluded that the Kaufman short form ...
Invariant consistency: a mechanism for inter-process ordering in distributed shared memory systems

We propose the notion of invariant consistency that allows programmers to specify inter-process ordering requirements. In our approach, we allow a programmer to label a program and provide an ordering specification. In particular, we associate a counter count/sub l/ with each label l that counts the number of times the operation labeled l has been executed. The ordering specification is given by an invariant on these counters.
The dynamics of zinc sites in proteins: electronic basis for coordination sphere expansion at structural sites

The functional role assumed by zinc in proteins is closely tied to the variable dynamics around its coordination sphere arising by virtue of its flexibility in bonding. Modern experimental and computational methods allow the detection and study of previously unknown features of bonding between zinc and its ligands in protein environment. These discoveries are occurring just in time as novel biological functions of zinc, which involve rather unconventional coordination trends, are emerging. In this sense coordination sphere expansion of structural zinc sites, as observed in our previous experiments, is a novel phenomenon. Here we explore the electronic and structural requirements by simulating this phenomenon in structural zinc sites using DFT computations. For this purpose, we have chosen MPW1PW91 and a mixed basis set combination as the DFT method through benchmarking, because it accurately reproduces structural parameters of experimentally characterized zinc compounds. Using appropriate models, we show that the greater ionic character of zinc coordination would allow for coordination sphere expansion if the steric and electrostatic repulsions of the ligands are attenuated properly. Importantly, through the study of electronic and structural aspects of the models used, we arrive at a comprehensive bonding model, explaining the factors that influence coordination of zinc in proteins. The proposed model along with the existing knowledge would enhance our ability to predict zinc binding sites in proteins, which is today of growing importance given the predicted enormity of the zinc proteome.
Dynamic and structural analysis of isotropically distributed molecular ensembles.

An efficient new method is presented for the characterization of motional correlations derived from a set of protein structures without requiring the separation of overall and internal motion. In this method, termed isotropically distributed ensemble (IDE) analysis, each structure is represented by an ensemble of isotropically distributed replicas corresponding to the situation found in an isotropic protein solution. This leads to a covariance matrix of the cartesian atomic positions with elements proportional to the ensemble average of scalar products of the position vectors with respect to the center of mass. Diagonalization of the covariance matrix yields eigenmodes and amplitudes that describe concerted motions of atoms, including overall rotational and intramolecular dynamics. It is demonstrated that this covariance matrix naturally distinguishes between "rigid" and "mobile" parts without necessitating a priori selection of a reference structure and an atom set for the orientational alignment process. The method was applied to the analysis of a 5-ns molecular dynamics trajectory of native ubiquitin and a 40-ns trajectory of a partially folded state of ubiquitin. The results were compared with essential dynamics analysis. By taking advantage of the spherical symmetry of the IDE covariance matrix, more than a 10-fold speed up is achieved for the computation of eigenmodes and mode amplitudes. IDE analysis is particularly suitable for studying the correlated dynamics of flexible and large molecules.
Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl: health risk uncertainties and research directions

With the way cleared for increased use of the fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in the United States, the issue of possible public health impacts associated with this additive has gained greater attention. In assessing potential health risks of particulate Mn emitted from the combustion of MMT in gasoline, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency not only considered the qualitative types of toxic effects associated with inhaled Mn, but conducted extensive exposure-response analyses using various statistical approaches and also estimated population exposure distributions of particulate Mn based on data from an exposure study conducted in California when MMT was used in leaded gasoline. Because of limitations in available data and the need to make several assumptions and extrapolations, the resulting risk characterization had inherent uncertainties that made it impossible to estimate health risks in a definitive or quantitative manner. To support an improved health risk characterization, further investigation is needed in the areas of health effects, emission characterization, and exposure analysis.
Alzheimer's disease: A study of epidemiological aspects

A case-control study was performed to determine the possible roles of various environmental factors, prior illnesses, drug use, and personal habits in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Such information was collected from 40 patients with onset of dementia prior to age 70 and from 80 community control subjects matched for age, sex, and race. No significant differences were found between patients and control subjects in toxic environmental exposures, animal contacts, smoking, drinking, or unusual dietary habits. A significantly higher frequency of prior thyroid disease was found in women patients than in women control subjects (25.0% and 7.1%, respectively). A history of severe head injury was also obtained significantly more often among the patients than among the controls (15.0% and 3.8%, respectively). Aside from these differences, which may prove to be important associative factors in this illness, there appeared to be no major premorbid demographic or clinical factors associated with this form of dementia. There was evidence, however, of a genetic factor that was manifested in an excess of dementia and mental retardation (including Down's syndrome) in families of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Comparison of caloric intake and weight outcomes of an ad lib feeding regimen for preterm infants in two nurseries

Comparison of caloric intake and weight outcomes of anad libfeeding regimen for preterm infants in two nurseries Background. Effects on caloric intake and weight gain of an ad libitum (ad lib) feeding regimen for preterm infants may be specific to a special care nursery. Objective. To explore across two nurseries the similarity of effect on caloric intake and weight gain of an ad lib feeding regimen compared with a prescribed regimen and the similarity of effect of caloric intake on weight gain. Methods. All infants participating in the multi-site randomized clinical trial (RCT) of the ad lib feeding regimen were <35 weeks gestational age at birth and had birth weight appropriate for gestational age. Data on caloric intake and weight gain were collected at two nurseries (A, n=22; B, n=78) with the same feeding regimen protocols. Two strategies were used to explore similarity of regimen effect on caloric intake and weight gain. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the effect on caloric intake and weight gain of time, feeding regimen, and time-by-regimen interaction for each nursery. Results. In both nurseries, regimen effects were reasonably consistent for caloric intake and weight gain. Caloric intake was lower across nurseries for infants fed ad lib. After accounting for caloric intake, the ad lib regimen did not affect weight gain. The time-by-regimen interaction effect on caloric intake was significant in both nurseries. Caloric intake for infants fed ad lib increased significantly over 5 days. Conclusions. Despite differences between nurseries in infant characteristics and in protocol implementation, the feeding regimen effect was consistent for caloric intake and weight gain. Further support was found for the development of infant self-regulatory capacity.
The Epic of Theodotus and The Hellenism of the Hasmoneans

In view of the enormous expansion of biblical studies in the last century it is highly exceptional when a book published more than a hundred years ago remains today the basic work on its subject. Such is Jakob Freudenthal's study of the Hellenistic Jewish writers preserved by Alexander Polyhistor. Like any classic which remains influential for a long time, Freudenthal's work has not only laid the foundations for further study but has also perpetuated a number of misconceptions. One case where Freudenthal's opinion has distorted subsequent research is the epic poem of Theodotus, preserved in Eusebius' Praeparatio Evangelica 9.22.1–11. Freudenthal classified Theodotus with the so-called Ps. Eupolemus, Cleodemus Malchas, and Thallus, all of whom he regarded as Samaritans and all of whom have strongly syncretistic features. This view of Theodotus has persisted in much of the literature, from Schurer down to the recent reviews by Denis, Hengel, and Wacholder. We will argue, on the contrary, that the surviving fragments present a rigidly exclusive view of Judaism and reflect the anti-Samaritan propaganda of the Hasmoneans. The combination of a distinctively Hellenistic form with a militant and exclusive Judaism provides an interesting example of the blending of Judaism and Hellenism in the period following the Maccabean revolt.
Microcellular mobile radio spectrum efficiency

The spectrum efficiency of proposed microcellular mobile radio systems using the fast frequency-hopped (FFH) spread-spectrum technique is evaluated. The analysis assumes randomly chosen address vectors, a perfect synchronization at the receiver, and noncoherent detection. The effect of Ricean fading on spectrum efficiency is evaluated. The probability of bit error rate for a noncoherent on-off-keying (OOK) modulation operating in a Ricean fading channel is derived as a closed-form expression. With perfect transmission, where the only degradation is due to mutual interference, the spectrum efficiency is found to be 33.44% at an average bit error rate of 10/sup -3/. In microcellular environments, modeled as white Gaussian noise and Ricean fading with a random-to-specular ratio (K) of -7 dB and a normalized signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB, the system spectrum efficiency is found to be 27.2% at the same error rate. >
Toward an Appreciation of Collective Strategy

The field of business policy has variously characterized the task of managing organization-environment relations as: (a) responding to exogenous environmental threats and opportunities, (b) negotiating resource interdepen-dencies with outside stakeholders, and (c) strategically maneuvering vis-avis competitors in industrial arenas. An alternative way of characterizing the task of managing organization-environment relations is offered. This focuses on the notion of collective strategy: the joint formulation of policy and implementation of action by the members of interorganizational collectivities.
Orientation of single crystals using linear approximations to NMR transits.

We have derived analytical expressions for determining the orientation of high-symmetry single crystals from line-crossings in a single rotation plot. We demonstrate the utility of the method using the strontium-87 resonance in stron- tium nitrate. Employing our new method, which we call orientation of single crystals using linear approximations to NMR transits (OSCULANT), in combination with fourth-order perturbation theory, we obtain a highly accurate value for the quadrupole coupling constant, and an estimate for the chemical shielding anisotropy.
Impact of Queue Management Schemes and TCP Variants on the Performance of 10Gbps High Speed Networks: An Experimental Study

Queue management schemes at routers and congestion avoidance schemes at end points cooperate to provide good congestion solutions in computer networks. While queue management schemes are still being developed, research on congestion avoidance has come a long way to serve the bandwidth requirement of the networks (e.g. high speed networks, data centers, etc.) at the order of 10Gbps. Because of considerable lack of the evaluation research work, there is no consensus on the choice of the queue management algorithms over these networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that presents the experimental study of the effect of various queue management schemes on high speed TCP variants in a 10Gbps network environment. Evaluations of queue management schemes such as Drop-tail, RED, CHOKe, and SFB are presented with popular high speed TCP variants such as RENO, HSTCP, CUBIC, and VEGAS over CRON, a 10Gbps high speed network testbed. Performance results are presented for several important metrics of interest such as link utilization, intro-protocol fairness, RTT fairness, delay and computational complexity. We argue the importance of explicit consideration of the basic tradeoffs between TCP variants and router parameters that network designers must face when building high speed networks.
Color quantization of images

The authors develop algorithms for the design of hierarchical tree structured color palettes incorporating performance criteria which reflect subjective evaluations of image quality. Tree structured color palettes greatly reduce the computational requirements of the palette design and pixel mapping tasks, while allowing colors to be properly allocated to densely populated areas of the color space. The algorithms produce higher-quality displayed images and require fewer computations than previously proposed methods. Error diffusion techniques are commonly used for displaying images which have been quantized to very few levels. Problems related to the application of error diffusion techniques to the display of color images are discussed. A modified error diffusion technique is shown to be easily implemented using the tree structured color palettes developed earlier. >
Lasers In Biological Research

incisions than other lasers, especially CO2, because the UV laser light is absorbed by everymolecule in its path; therefore, "cutting "sharply rather than burning relatively wide areasas is the case with CO2 and other infrared lasers.In view of the variety of lasers available, there has been a need to identify the trans-formation which lasers are expected to generate upon interaction with biological molecules.One may classify lasers into groups of pulsed width and tkie+refore as a function of inter-action time. These are 1) lasers such as mode locked Nd
Journal of Career Development: A 36-Year Content Analysis (1972–2007)

The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of 830 articles published in the Journal of Career Development (JCD) between 1972 and 2007 and provide a chronicle of the publicati...
Tracing the Thai domestic cycle through time.

This paper examines 1981 data collected in Thailand to reassess what is known about Thai family and household structure. The general Thai family pattern is usually called the "stem family" system in which 1 and only 1 married child stays with his or her parents after marriage. Each successive daughter stays with her parents after marriage until the marriage of a younger sister. Overall although there is obviously a great deal of random variation in the data the predictions are not at all bad since for all but the oldest group the modal category is the predicted one. The stem family development cycle seems to be alive and well in this Thai village operating more or less as expected with departures generally explainable by the random nature of the underlying demographic processes. The criticisms leveled at deterministic models of development cycles are to some degree wrongheaded. The actual diachronic observations fail to cast doubt on the usefulness of the development cycle concept or on the use of the development cycle models for studying Thai families. This analysis is a strong if not ideal test of the Thai studies; some rather difficult questions were asked of the models predictions were made and in general the models preformed well.
An improved fuzzy-AHP (IFAHP) approach to compare SECI modes

Mental models and knowledge base of an employee are two key resources of an organisation that are imperative to develop innovative products. Effective utilisation of socialisation (S), externalisation (E), combination (C) and internalisation (I) modes within any product development (PD) phase plays an important role in creating new knowledge and updating the mental models. In order to investigate the influence of SECI modes on a specific PD phase, an improved fuzzy analytical hierarchy process approach is presented. In simple fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, the numbers are either normalised or a zero value is assigned to the degree of possibility when two triangles are not intersecting with each other. This approach calculates distorted values of degree of possibility and thus very likely produces false ranking of alternatives. The article proposes to extend the triangle edges about x-axis until they intersect when the pessimistic value of one triangle is more than the optimistic value of other triang...
Innovative Two-Stage Process for the Recovery of Energy and Compost from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

An innovative system for stabilizing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) has been documented on a pilot scale at the Civil Engineering Department of the University of California at Davis. The system involves the combined methods of high-solids anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting for the recovery of energy and the production of compost from the OFMSW. The performance of the high-solids anaerobic reactor was monitored for three mass retention times. The anaerobic digester was operated under extreme as well as normal conditions. The performance of the aerobic compost unit was monitored based on the physical and chemical characteristics of the final humus by-product. In general, the combined process was very stable at a 30 d retention time and is capable of removing essentially all of the biodegradable fraction of the organic fraction of MSW. A biogas production level of up to 6 liters per liter of active volume of reactor was achieved. The process stability and gas production decreased slightly when the retention time was reduced to 15 d. The output from the second stage is a fine humus-like material with a thermal content of about 14.80 MJ/kg.
2014 Wallace Foundation Distinguished Lecture Rigor and Realism: Doing Educational Science in the Real World

Transcending the low status of educational research will require demonstrating its relevance to improvements in practice. Educational progress is most likely to emerge from approaches to research that create an equal footing for practitioners and researchers, recognizing that though these groups accumulate and curate knowledge in different ways, they both have a role in creating tools (curricula, practices, professional development approaches) that can be used to forge lasting improvements. A brief history of the ongoing shift toward practice-embedded educational research (PEER) demonstrates its increasing acceptance and popularity and suggests modifications to the future selection of research topics, funding mechanisms, and professional preparation of both practitioners and researchers.
Quantum mechanical studies of carbon structures

Carbon nanostructures, such as nanotubes and graphene, are of considerable interest due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties. The materials exhibit extremely high strength and conductivity when defects created during synthesis are minimized. Atomistic modeling is one technique for high resolution studies of defect formation and mitigation. To enable simulations of the mechanical behavior and growth mechanisms of C nanostructures, a high-fidelity analytical bond-order potential for the C is needed. To generate inputs for developing such a potential, we performed quantum mechanical calculations of various C structures.
Present situation of occupational stress and its correlation among production laborer in two foundry enterprises

Objective To find out the state of occupational stress and its influencing factors among skilled casting workers. Methods The total of 985 skilled casting workers who were randomly sampled from a state- owned enterprise and a private enterprise were surveyed by a self- designed demographic questionnaire and a directory of occupational stress questionnaire( OSI- R). Results The score of occupational tasks,stress reactions and coping resources were 151. 06 ± 23. 76,123. 95 ± 19. 51,123. 95 ± 19. 51,which were lower than the norm for skilled workers and occupational groups in southwest.Occupational tasks at level of height,moderate,appropriate and lack of occupational stress respectively accounted for 0.56%,6. 07%,60. 67% and 32. 70%. High,moderate,appropriate and lack of stress responders accounted for 3. 24%,8. 72%,66. 82% and 21. 23%. High,moderate,appropriate lack and strong response to the resources accounted for 5.1%,16. 65%,66. 25% and 12. 00 %. Individual stress response was basically positively correlated with the task of a professional but was negatively with coping resources. Conclusion Occupational stress level of skilled casting workers was not high,but the ability to responding to the lake of resources was serious. We recommend that companies should reduce the occupational tasks,improve the working environment,strengthen health education and enrich the cultural life of workers to effectively alleviate occupational stress and improve response capabilities.
‘Writing’ children’s literate identities: the meaning of language in multilingual, multicultural contexts

Writing is used for various purposes: to accomplish political agendas, build relationships, assert identities, positioning texts as meaningful beyond printed letters on a page. Therefore, teaching children to write is a cultural practice, an invitation to enter into a larger community where identities are created, practiced, and re-imagined using texts. In following this, it is important to study the teaching of writing in schools, as arguably, many children learn to write in narrow ways in classrooms. In this paper, I examine how written language is presented to and understood by children in classrooms – a space where the potential of written texts is often diminished and narrowed. Drawing from a semester-long case study in two kindergarten classrooms, I explore how writing is taken up and embodied by young children. I argue for a reconceptualization of how language arts are taught to young children, especially in an increasingly standardized system.
Exertional heat illness and acute injury related to ambient wet bulb globe temperature

Background The Deepwater Horizon disaster cleanup effort provided an opportunity to examine the effects of ambient thermal conditions on exertional heat illness (EHI) and acute injury (AI). Methods The outcomes were daily person-based frequencies of EHI and AI. Exposures were maximum estimated WBGT (WBGTmax) and severity. Previous day's cumulative effect was assessed by introducing previous day's WBGTmax into the model. Results EHI and AI were higher in workers exposed above a WBGTmax of 20°C (RR 1.40 and RR 1.06/°C, respectively). Exposures above 28°C-WBGTmax on the day of the EHI and/or the day before were associated with higher risk of EHI due to an interaction between previous day's environmental conditions and the current day (RRs from 1.0–10.4). Conclusions The risk for EHI and AI were higher with increasing WBGTmax. There was evidence of a cumulative effect from the prior day's WBGTmax for EHI. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1169–1176, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) in peripheral nerve sheath tumours.

AIMS STAT3 is a pro-oncogenic transcription factor that requires phosphorylation for transcriptional activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) expression in neurofibromas, schwannomas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-six neurofibromas, 62 schwannomas and 39 MPNSTs from a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarray were examined. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with an anti-pSTAT3 (Tyr705) antibody. Nuclear expression was reviewed for both intensity and percentage of tumoral labelling. Distributions of disease-specific overall survival (DSOS) and event-free survival (EFS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared between two pSTAT3 groups by use of the log-rank test. MPNSTs had higher median tumoral labelling than neurofibromas (P = 0.0012) or schwannomas (P = 0.0008). Moderate to strong pSTAT3 expression (defined as at least moderate labelling in ≥50% of cells) was found more frequently in MPNSTs than in neurofibromas (P = 0.026). Among MPNSTs, pSTAT3 expression differed between primary, recurrent and metastatic disease (P = 0.063 with increased expression in recurrent and metastatic cases). pSTAT3 expression (at least moderate labelling in ≥10% of cells) in primary MPNSTs was associated with worse DSOS (P = 0.048) and trended towards being associated with worse EFS (P = 0.063). Paired specimens revealed no increase in pSTAT3 expression in the recurrences or metastases relative to the primary tumour, suggesting that pSTAT3 expression may be an early indicator of aggressive disease at disease onset. CONCLUSIONS pSTAT3 is expressed in a higher proportion of MPNSTs than neurofibromas and schwannomas. Moderate to strong pSTAT3 expression in ≥10% of cells was found to be a negative prognostic factor for DSOS among primary MPNSTs, suggesting a role of pSTAT3 in the progression of these tumours.
AKAR PENYEBAB DEFORESTASI DI SEKITAR SUNGAI PEMERIHAN PERBATASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN, LAMPUNGBARAT

The destruction of lowland tropical forests represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity in Sumatra's third-largest protected area, the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP). Here, we integrate time-series satellite and socio-economic information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to unravel the root causes of deforestation in two encroachments(Cawangaro and Sumbersari) near Pemerihan River bordering BBSNP.Cawangaro was originally developed as an enclave in 1965.Sumbersari remained forested until 1978.Both encroachments experienced higher deforestation rates during the late 1970s and in 2005. Our GIS combined with historical records show that large-scale logging, high coffee price and village development plans (perluasan lahan usahatani penduduk) drove deforestation during late 1970s. Throughout the 1980s and until 1997/1998, deforestation rates have been negligible as strong law enforcement measures were adopted by the Government to protect biodiversity during the implementation of Indonesia's first land-use plan (TGHK). Since the 1997-1998 Asian economic crisis, deforestation rates have increased again. Results from socio-economic surveys showed that illegal logging has become one major factor driving agricultural encroachments in Pemerihan since 1998. Local tycoons have exploited the park's timber since Suharto's fall, probably due to the decline of law and order. While timber extraction itself has caused very limited damage to the forest, this illegal activity sparked a land race among farmers inside the park.
Availability and Accuracy of EMS Information about Chronic Health and Medications in Cardiac Arrest

ABSTRACT Introduction: Field information available to emergency medical services (EMS) about a patient’s chronic health conditions or medication therapies could help direct patient care or be used to investigate outcome disparities. However, little is known about the field availability or accuracy of information of chronic health conditions or chronic medication treatments in emergent circumstances, especially when the patient cannot serve as an information resource. We evaluated the prehospital availability and accuracy of specific chronic health conditions and medication treatments among out-of-hospital (OHCA) patients. Methods: The investigation was a retrospective cohort study of adult persons suffering ventricular fibrillation OHCA treated by EMS in a large metropolitan county from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013. The study was designed to determine the availability and accuracy of EMS ascertainment of selected chronic health conditions and medication treatments. We evaluated chronic health conditions of “any heart disease”, congestive heart failure (CHF), and diabetes and medication treatments of beta blockers and loop diuretics using two distinct sources: 1) EMS report and 2) hospital record specific to the OHCA event. Because hospital information was considered the gold standard, the primary analysis was restricted to those who were admitted to hospital. Results: Of the 1496 initially eligible patients, 983 were admitted to hospital, and 832 had both sources of data for comparison, so comprised the primary analytic group. Using the hospital record as the gold standard, EMS ascertainment had a sensitivity of 0.79 (304/384) and a specificity of 0.88 (218/248) for any prior heart disease; sensitivity 0.45 (47/105) and specificity 0.87 (477/516) for CHF; sensitivity 0.71 (143/201) and specificity 0.98 (416/424) for diabetes; sensitivity 0.70 (118/169) and specificity 0.94 (273/290) for beta blockers; sensitivity 0.70 (62/89) and specificity 0.97 (358/370) for loop diuretics. Conclusions: In this cohort of OHCA, information about selected chronic health conditions and medication treatments based on EMS ascertainment was available for many patients, generally revealing moderate sensitivity and greater specificity.
Battery energy storage dispatch analysis within the storage placement problem

The continued evolution of the grid and renewable systems in today's energy market brings the question of how to best utilize these resources. This question is not limited to the economics or operating constraints of the system. The work presented examines these two aspects of the problem for the battery/storage dispatch. The setup is applied to a 3-bus test system although the work is applicable to systems of any size. Work presented here will be applied in the alternative source lab setup of Drexel's Center for Electric Power Engineering (CEPE).1
A THEORY OF GENERAL CAUSES OF TERRORISM

A fundamental problem in psychosocial sciences is how to explain the root causes of terrorism. The vast literature has analyzed several determinants of terrorism. However, the precise role of demographic factors for the evolution of terrorism is hardly known. Statistical evidence here reveals that fatalities for incidents of terrorist are associated with growth rates of population. This finding seems to suggest that terrorism thrives –in average– in specific regions with high growth rates of population that may generate income inequality and relative deprivation of people. In addition, geospatial analysis here reveals that countries with high association between fatalities for terrorist incidents and population growth are mainly in Africa and Middle East. Overall, then, the study here can clarify and generalize whenever possible, one of the causes of terrorism, which is due to sociodemographic factors combined with psychosocial risk factors. Finally, the study suggests socioeconomic policies directed to reduce this critical problem in society.
Magnesium acceptor in gallium nitride. II. Koopmans-tuned Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional calculations of its dual nature and optical properties

The problem of magnesium acceptor in gallium nitride is that experimental photoluminescence measurements clearly reveal a shallow defect state, while most theoretical predictions favor a localized polaronic defect state. To resolve this contradiction, we calculate properties of magnesium acceptor using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional, tuned to fulfill the generalized Koopmans condition. We test Koopmans tuning of HSE for defect calculations in GaN using two contrasting test cases: a deep state of gallium vacancy and a shallow state of magnesium acceptor. The obtained parametrization of HSE allows calculations of optical properties of acceptors using neutral defect-state eigenvalues, without relying on corrections due to charged defects in periodic supercells. Optical transitions and vibrational properties of $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}$ defect are analyzed to bring the dual (shallow and deep) nature of this defect into accord with experimental photoluminescence measurements of the ultraviolet band in Mg-doped GaN samples.
Genetic analyses in Lake Malawi cichlids identify new roles for Fgf signaling in scale shape variation

Elasmoid scales are the most common epithelial appendage among vertebrates, however an understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie variation in scale shape is lacking. Using an F2 mapping cross between morphologically distinct cichlid species, we identified >40 QTL for scale shape at different body positions. We show that while certain regions of the genome regulate variation in multiple scales, most are specific to scales at distinct positions. This suggests a degree of regional modularity in scale development. We also identified a single QTL for variation in scale shape disparity across the body. Finally, we screened a QTL hotspot for candidate loci, and identified the Fgf receptor fgfr1b as a prime target. Quantitative rtPCR and small molecule manipulation support a role for Fgf signaling in shaping cichlid scales. While Fgfs have previously been implicated in scale loss, these data reveal new roles for the pathway in scale shape variation.
Self-Diffusion on Nearly Pure Metallic Surfaces

This paper presents a discussion of the same topic covered by Shewmon,* rather argumentatively, because we often agree on the premises and differ on the conclusions. Fortunately, he has outlined very nicely the background of many of the topics that are discussed here. We shall repeat some of the results of others that he cited and add a few additional ones because it is our purpose to emphasize those things that are in disagreement. It is not our intention to present this topic as a closed case as he did, because we feel that the case is far from closed. Surface self-diffusion mechanisms are discussed first—a topic which Shewmon also considered.
Decoupling Inequalities: A Second Generation of Martingale Inequalities

The theory of martingale inequalities has been central in the development of modern probability theory. Recently this theory has been expanded widely through the introduction of decoupling inequalities, which provide natural extensions in cases where the variables take values in general spaces or when a martingale structure is not available. Typically, decoupling inequalities are used to transform problems involving sums of dependent random variables into problems involving sums of (conditionally) independent random variables. This transformation particularly permits the use of traditional results when dealing with sums of dependent variables. In this paper an account of the theory of decoupling inequalities is given with emphasis on its relations to the theory of martingale inequalities, and its applications and extensions to a wide range of problems, including best constants on martingale inequalities, stopping time problems, U-statistics, random graphs, quadratic forms and stochastic integration.
Psychology and Subjectivity

Two general approaches to knowledge have varied in their dominance throughout Western history. The first, associated with idealism, adopts a skepticism about matter and so locates the ground for whatever certainty of knowledge is possible within human reason and mental events. The second, associated with materialism, adopts a skepticism toward reason and emphasizes the difference between the objects of mentation and the objects of reality; it grounds certainty in the material reality from which mental processes are said to develop. The idealist position sees “the notion” to be first and reality second; the materialist position reverses this ordering, seeing reality to have dominance over the notion (see Colletti, 1979). Where idealism emphasizes the spontaneity of human thought, materialism emphasizes its receptivity to external determination.
A highly sensitive aptasensor for on-site detection of lipopolysaccharides in food

A rapid, low-cost, highly sensitive, and specific capacitive aptasensor is presented for detection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Exposure to LPS could cause fever, gram-negative sepsis, septic shock, and eventual death. Hence, rapid, low cost, and sensitive detection of LPS is pivotal for the safety of food, pharmaceutical, and medical devices and products. In this work, a capacitive sensing method based on alternating current electrokinetics is developed to achieve rapid and specific detection of LPS. This method uses an alternating current signal for two purposes. One is to induce positive dielectrophoresis, which attracts LPS toward the sensor electrodes' surface and accelerates its binding with the immobilized aptamer probe. The other purpose is to simultaneously sense the binding reaction by measuring the interfacial capacitance change on the electrodes' surface. The testing procedures and instrumentation setup of this sensing platform are significantly simplified while finding quantitative concentrations of both analytical and complex samples within 30 s. When testing analytical samples of LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5, a LOD of 4.93 fg/mL is achieved. The recovery analysis is also performed with LPS spiked in a complex matrix and good recovery rates are demonstrated. This work provides an affordable and field-deployable platform for highly sensitive and real-time LPS detection.
Suicide among Guyanese youth: Barriers to mental health help-seeking and recommendations for suicide prevention

The current study sought to better understand barriers to mental health help-seeking for suicide, as well as elicit input on recommendations for suicide prevention and intervention efforts for Guya...
Genetics of Common, Complex Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease represents the leading cause of death worldwide, sparing no nation, ethnicity, or economic stratum. Coronary artery disease is partly heritable. While enormous effort has been devoted to understanding the genetic basis of coronary artery disease and other common, complex cardiovascular diseases, key challenges have emerged in gene discovery, in understanding how DNA variants connect to function, and in translation of genetics to the clinic. We discuss these challenges as well as promising opportunities to bring the work closer to fruition.
Adherence to Mammography and Breast Self-Examination Regimens

Breast cancer strikes more women than any other cancer, both in Europe and in the Untied States (Packer, Tong, Bolden, & Wingo, 1996). The American Cancer Society estimates that 184,300 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 1996 and 44,300 will die from the disease. Currently, scientists are working on identifying factors that increase breast cancer risks and identifying, through genetic markers, women most susceptible to breast cancer. To date, however, efforts to control breast cancer rely to a large extent on screening for early detection. Current literature supports mammography, clinical breast examination, and breast self-examination for breast cancer screening.