cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of liquid (xenon + methane) mixtures

Twenty years after the publication of the seminal book by Rowlinson and Swinton, Liquids and Liquid Mixtures , 1 there is still a need for good experimental data on a certain number of model systems. Given the fact that a whole array of molecular featuresssize, shape, flexibility, etc scontribute to the thermodynamic behavior of a liquid mixture, it is useful to look at families or series of systems so that trends can be detected and correlations explored. Among the first to be studied were mixtures of spherical and quasi-spherical molecules. Typical examples of the former are the noble gases, and an obvious choice for the latter is methane. Detailed thermodynamic studies of liquid mixtures of methane with both argon 1 and krypton 2 have been published. (Krypton and methane have, in fact, very similar sizes and interaction energies, leading to the almost ideal behavior of (krypton + methane) mixtures. 2 ) A whole series of mixtures of xenon with light alkanes, viz., ethane, propane, n-butane, and i-butane, have also been investigated. (Only methane is missing from the list.) It thus seemed worthwhile to study the (xenon + methane) system, the missing link between those series (of methane with the noble gases and of xenon with the lower alkanes). As far as we are aware, no liquid-vapor equilibrium study has been performed on such system. The reason is obvious: unlike the other mixtures in the two families of systems, which can be studied at low pressures, the liquid overlap of xenon and methane happens at moderately high pressures. (The vapor pressure of methane at the xenon triple point is 16 bars.) From a theoretical point of view, a major development in our understanding of liquid mixtures has been the emergence in the late 1980s of molecularly based equations of state (EOS) such as the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT). 3,4
Self-Assembly of Laterally-Tethered Nanorods

We report results from a computational study of laterally tethered nanorod "shape amphiphiles". Our simulations predict that the model nanorods self-assemble into stepped-ribbon-like micelles, a centered rectangular stepped-ribbon phase, and two structurally different liquid crystalline bilayer phases: one in which the bilayers have C(mm) symmetry and another in which they have P(2) symmetry. We provide a possible explanation for the transition between the two C(mm) and P(2) liquid crystalline phases.
A Solution to a Problem of Jacobson, Kézdy and Lehel

We solve a problem proposed by Jacobson, Kezdy, and Lehel [4] concerning the existence of forbidden induced subgraph characterizations of line graphs of linear k-uniform hypergraphs with sufficiently large minimal edge-degree. Actually, we prove that for each k≥3 there is a finite set Z(k) of graphs such that each graph G with minimum edge-degree at least 2k2−3k+1 is the line graph of a linear k-uniform hypergraph if and only if G is a Z(k)-free graph.
Events in degenerating cat peripheral nerve: Induction of Schwann cell S phase and its relation to nerve fibre degeneration

Severance of a peripheral nerve leads to a characteristic series of events in the distal stump, including the dissolution of axons and myelin and the proliferation of Schwann cells within their basal lamina. This study examines the relationship between the spatial-temporal pattern of the induction of the Schwann cell S phase, loss of the structural and functional properties of axolemma, and the clearance of myelin debris in the cat tibial nerve. Nerve transection stimulated a monophasic increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation that peaked at 4 days post-transection throughout an 80-mm length of distal stump. Light microscope autoradiography revealed prominent incorporation into Schwann cells of myelinated fibres. Treatment of distal stumps with mitomycin C at the time of nerve transection greatly retarded thymidine incorporation and clearance of myelin debris, but not the time course of axonal degeneration, decline in the synthesis of the major myelin glycoprotein, P0, or the onset of ovoid formation. Nerve transection also greatly reduced the specific uptake of [3H]saxitoxin (STX), a ligand which binds to voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Binding in the distal stump fell precipitously to 20% of the normal at 4 days post-transection, concurrent with the peak of thymidine incorporation. This low level of binding was maintained for periods of up to 70 days, demonstrating that some STX binds to structures other than axons in denervated distal stumps. Prior treatment with mitomycin C delayed the loss of specific STX binding. In conclusion, these studies suggest that: (a) Schwann cell DNA replication- and/or mitosis regulates other events during Wallerian degeneration, including myelin degeneration, catabolism of P0 and the clearance of sodium channels from nodal axolemma; (b) the decline in P0 synthesis and/or shift to synthesis of less extensively processed P0 is independent of the induction of Schwann cell S phase; and (c) Schwann cells enveloping myelinated axons enter S phase within a 24-h period throughout the entire 80-mm length of distal stump.
Buffer-Layer-Assisted Growth of Nanocrystals: Ag-Xe-Si(111)

Silver nanocrystals have been grown on Xe buffer layers at 50 K. These 3D nanocrystals are delivered to $\mathrm{Si}(111)\ensuremath{-}(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ surfaces when the Xe layer is desorbed, but the density observed on the surface depends strongly on the buffer layer thickness. This dependence reflects an unusual desorption-assisted coalescence process. The results suggest that buffer-layer-assisted growth can be used to prepare nanocrystals of different sizes for a wide variety of materials and substrates.
Who Wants to Dance?: Some Possible Exchange Partners

Due to the recent transformation of many securities exchanges into for-profit, publicly traded companies, we use portfolio theory and historical risk-return relationships to consider several scenarios (78 in total) based on hypothetical mergers between all possible pairings of these exchanges. We identify both the “best” and “worst” merger pairs solely based on these risk-return and correlation patterns, and thus do not include potential merger synergies related to economies of scale or scope. The analysis presented here thus provides an objective measure of the relative attractiveness of various mergers to investors in a relatively new but rapidly growing investment sector: for-profit securities exchanges. We find that Asian Pacific exchanges such as those based in Australia and Singapore consistently represent the strongest combinations of risk and return. In North America, the mergers associated with the Toronto Stock Exchange and Chicago Mercantile Exchange offer the best risk-return relationships. Overall, our approach suggests there is considerable variation in the risk-return characteristics of passively managed mergers of securities exchanges and that the “best” pairings typically include an Asian Pacific exchange as a partner whereas some of the weaker hypothetical mergers include European and / or North American exchanges.
Space micro-guidance and control - Applications and architectures

The features and the components of a new microscale guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) system for future space systems are discussed. An approach is described for the utilization of new microengineering technologies for achieving major reductions in the GN&C system's mass, size, power, and costs. The micro-GN&C system and the component concepts include microactuated adaptive optics, micromachined inertial sensors, fiberoptic data nets with light-power transmission, and VLSI microcomputers. The GN&C system will be applied in microspacecraft, microlanders, microrovers, remote sensing platforms, interferometers, and deployable reflectors.
The kinetics of rat liver citrate synthase in situ

Abstract The kinetics of citrate synthase in situ in toluene-treated rat liver mitochondria were studied. The V max , K m , and kinetic pattern for oxaloacetate were the same as those for the pure rat liver citrate synthase. The K m , for acetyl-CoA for the in situ enzyme was increased compared to pure enzyme (8.5 to 77 μ m ), and the sensitivity of the in situ enzyme to inhibition by ATP, NADPH, or tricarballylate was decreased. The change seen with ATP was not due to problems of small molecule diffusion.
Relativistic Dark Matter at the Galactic Center

In a large region of the supersymmetry parameter space, the annihilation cross section for neutralino dark matter is strongly dependent on the relative velocity of the incoming particles. We explore the consequences of this velocity dependence in the context of indirect detection of dark matter from the galactic center. We find that the increase in the annihilation cross section at high velocities leads to a flattening of the halo density profile near the galactic center and an enhancement of the annihilation signal. For the models considered, the annihilation signal can be doubled. These models are typically undetectable by current experiments in spite of the enhancement.
Investigation of Loss Generation in an Embedded Transonic Fan Stage at Several Gaps Using High Fidelity, Time-Accurate CFD

The Blade-Row Interaction (BRI) rig at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Compressor Aero Research Laboratory (CARL), has been simulated at three axial gaps between the highly loaded upstream stator row and the downstream transonic rotor using TURBO. Previous work with the Stage Matching Investigation (SMI) demonstrated a strong dependence of mass flow rate, efficiency, and pressure ratio on the axial spacing between an upstream wake generator and the downstream rotor through the variation of the axial gap. Several loss producing mechanisms were discovered and related to the spacings, referred to as close, mid, and far. In the SMI work, far spacing had the best performance. The BRI experiments were a continuation of the SMI work with the wake generator replaced by a swirler row to turn the flow and a deswirler row to create a wake by diffusion. Results of the BRI experiments showed a performance degradation between mid and far spacing which was not observed in SMI. This trend is seen in the numerical work as well, and the time-averaged data shows that the majority of this performance change occurred in the rotor. An unsteady separation bubble periodically forms and collapses as shocks reflect through the stator passage, creating additional aerodynamic blockage. The shed vortices induced by the unsteady loading and unloading of the stator trailing edge are chopped, with a frequency related to the spacing, by the rotor leading edge and ingested by the rotor. Once ingested the vortices interact in varying degrees with the rotor boundary layer. A treatment of the loss production in the BRI rig is given based on the time-accurate and time-averaged, high-fidelity TURBO results.Copyright © 2008 by ASME and U.S. Government
Support for labor and economic regulation among Reagan and Carter appointees to the Federal Courts

Abstract Appointment of federal judges has become highly politicized over the past 25 years as presidents and political parties have become more intent on appointing judges who agree with their political ideology and perhaps even specific policy goals. This study of 3700 opinions assesses the extent to which Presidents Carter and Reagan succeeded in influencing the policy decisions of their appointees in labor and economic regulation cases. Analysis shows that Reagan judges are similar to judges appointed by other Republican presidents and that Carter judges are similar to judges appointed by other Democratic presidents.
Thermodynamics of Precipitation of Globular Proteins by Nonionic Polymers

Flexible random-coil structure of polymer molecules and protein−polymer and polymer−solvent interactions were accounted for in the evaluation of the interaction potential between two globular prote...
Probability versus possibility and their application to actuator sensor networks

Communication range has a direct impact on the network capacity, and consequently, is a limiting parameter of actuator sensor network scalability. Hence, transmission power control is a critical component of actuator sensor network scalability. In this paper we present and analyze two different approaches, namely, probabilistic and possibilistic approaches. Through simulation the two methods will be examined, and their effect on network scalability will be analyzed. Both approaches have shown a significant improvement in the system throughput. Both approaches are complimented with a variable-step low-level controller to minimize interference.
Disseminated Metastatic Intramedullary Melanoma in an Aged Grey Horse

Abstract A 12-year-old grey Warmblood stallion presented with fever of unknown origin, and anaemia. Five days later it had developed ataxia and become recumbent, and was humanely killed. At necropsy, malignant melanomas were identified in the perineal subcutis, spleen, and thoracic vertebral canal (T10–11). Populations of malignant melanoma cells were scattered throughout medullary cavities of the axial and appendicular skeleton, and were identified grossly as irregular areas of black to grey discoloration. To the authors» knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated intramedullary melanoma in a domestic species.
Extracellular Control of Pancreatic Differentiation

Our understanding of basic mechanisms of differentiation has evolved rapidly in the last two decades. Spurred by advances in molecular biology and other research technologies, these advances have become of heightened importance with the recent advent of the possibility of engineering different types of stem cells into needed cell and tissue sources. As pediatric surgeons, we have the potential to play a key role in interfacing between the basic science necessary to understand differentiation processes, and its application at the bedside. In this brief article, we outline our in-depth analysis of mechanisms of basic differentiation of pancreatic precursor cells in an effort to better understand ways in which we can engineer a stem cell pool to form mature pancreatic cells.
Aging and credibility judgment

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on credibility judgments and source memory for statements expressing new “factual” knowledge. In Experiment 1, we examined the influence of familiarity in young and older adults' credibility judgments by comparing their truth ratings for repeated and nonrepeated statements of unknown credibility. In Experiment 2, we provided information on the actual truth or falsity of some of the repeated statements to determine whether this objective evidence would have less influence in older adults' later credibility judgments than in younger adults' judgments. In both experiments, we examined age-related differences in source memory for the statements. the major findings were as follows: (a) the influence of knowledge familiarity as a subjective basis for credibility judgment did not decline with age; (b) compared to young adults, older adults were just as likely to use objective evidence of statement credibility in their judgments when this e...
Photon/magnon conversion near a material interface

Direct coupling between electromagnetic waves and spin waves caused by an abrupt discontinuity in material parameters is studied. It is shown that the simultaneous presence of an evanescent and propagating wave can lead to the conversion of electromagnetic power to exchange power. The partial conversion of an electromagnetic wave travelling in air, and incident normally upon a ferromagnet, is analysed in detail for the case when the material is uniformly magnetised to saturation along the direction of propagation.
Reliability, Responsiveness, and Validity of the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale to Measure Exertion Fatigue in People with Chronic Stroke: A Preliminary Study

Background and Purpose. Post-Stroke Fatigue (PSF) is a prevalent yet commonly neglected issue that impacts daily functions and quality of life in people post-stroke. To date no studies have attempted to validate a clinically-feasible and reliable instrument to quantify PSF. We developed the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAFS) to eliminate difficulties and poor data validity in testing people post-stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability, responsiveness, and validity of the VAFS. Methods. Twenty-one people post-stroke (12 males, age = 59.5 +/- 10.3 years; time post-stroke = 4.1 +/- 3.5 years) participated. Subjects underwent a standardized fatigue-inducing exercise; fatigue level was assessed at rest, immediately after exercise, and after recovery. The same protocol was repeated after 14 days. Results. ICC values for the VAFS at rest was 0.851 (CI = 95%, 0.673 approximately 0.936, P < .001), immediately after exercise was 0.846 (CI = 95%, 0.663 approximately 0.934, P < .001), and 15 minutes after exercise was 0.888 (CI = 95%, 0.749 approximately 0.953, P < .001). The ES values for at-rest to post-exercise and for post-exercise to post-recovery were 14.512 and 0.685, respectively. Using paired t-test, significant difference was found between VAFS scores at-rest and post-exercise (P < .001), and between post-exercise and post-recovery (P < .001). Conclusion. Our data suggests good reliability, responsiveness, and validity of the VAFS to assess exertion fatigue in people post-stroke.
Spreading and bistability of droplets on differentially heated substrates

An axisymmetric drop spreads on a radially heated, partially wetting solid substrate in a rotating geometry. The lubrication approximation is applied to the field equations for this thin viscous drop to yield an evolution equation that captures the dependence of viscosity, surface tension, gravity, centrifugal forces and thermocapillarity. We study the quasi-static spreading regime, whereby droplet motion is controlled by a constitutive law that relates the contact angle to the contact-line speed. Non-uniform heating of the substrate can generate both vertical and radial temperature gradients along the drop interface, which produce distinct thermocapillary forces and equivalently flows that affect the spreading process. For the non-rotating system, competition between surface chemistry (wetting) and thermocapillary flows induced by the thermal gradients gives rise to bistability in certain regions of parameter space in which the droplets converge to an equilibrium shape. The centrifugal forces that develop in a rotating geometry enlarge the bistability regions. Parameter regimes in which the droplet spreads indefinitely are identified and spreading laws are computed to compare with experimental results from the literature.
The Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Is Required for the Development of Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

The transcriptional coactivator SRC-3 plays a key role to enhance prostate cancer (CaP) cell proliferation. Although SRC-3 is highly expressed in advanced CaP, its role in castration resistant CaP (CRPC) driven by PTEN mutation is unknown. We documented elevated SRC-3 in human CRPC and in PTEN-negative human CaP. Patients with high SRC-3 and undetectable PTEN exhibited decreased recurrence-free survival. To explore the causal relationship in these observations, we generated mice in which both Pten and SRC-3 were inactivated in prostate epithelial cells (Pten3CKO mice), comparing them to mice in which only Pten was inactivated in these cells (PtenCKO mice). SRC-3 deletion impaired cellular proliferation and reduced tumor size. Notably, while castration of PtenCKO control mice increased the aggressiveness of prostate tumors relative to non-castrated counterparts, deletion of SRC-3 in Pten3CKO mice reversed all these changes. In support of this finding, castrated Pten3CKO mice also exhibited decreased levels of phospho-Akt, S6 kinase (RPS6KB1) and phosphorylated S6 protein (RPS6), all of which mediate cell growth and proliferation. Moreover, these tumors appeared to be more differentiated as evidenced by higher levels of Fkbp5, an AR-responsive gene that inhibits Akt signaling. Lastly, these tumors also displayed lower levels of certain androgen-repressed genes such as cyclin E2 and MMP10. Together, our results show that SRC-3 drives CRPC formation and offer preclinical proof of concept for a transcriptional coactivator as a therapeutic target to abrogate CRPC progression.
Recurrent papular urticaria in a 6-year-old girl

A 6-year-old female was referred for multiple pruritic lesions on her legs. No other members of the family had similar skin manifestations. The family reported having fleas at home previously, but the house had since been fumigated. Examination revealed numerous 4–8 mm excoriated, erythematous papules in clusters on the legs (fig 1). Figure 1 Clusters of excoriated erythematous papules and healing macules on the patient’s lower extremities. The family was reassured that these lesions were probably secondary to flea bites. However, …
Teaching NeuroImage: Traumatic internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A 26-year-old right-handed man presented to the emergency department with a scalp laceration following a fall while walking on an icy sidewalk. He was intoxicated at the time and was witnessed by a friend to lose his footing, falling backward. There was brief loss of consciousness, lasting less than a minute. The patient himself had amnesia for the fall and for his transportation by ambulance. In the emergency department he had a headache, nausea, and “fuzzy” vision when looking to the left. The patient admitted to use of alcohol earlier that day but denied the use …
Cash Component of Conditional Cash Transfer Program Is Associated with Higher Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Adults

The cash component of Oportunidades, a large conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in Mexico, has previously been shown to be associated with better outcomes for child growth and development. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the cash transfers were also associated with positive outcomes for adult health. Oportunidades was originally randomized across 506 rural (<2500 inhabitants) communities assigned to immediate incorporation into the program in 1997 or incorporation 18 mo later. Adults (n = 1649 early, n = 2039 late intervention) aged 18-65 y were then assessed in 2003. All of the households included in the analysis reported here complied with Oportunidades's requirements for the entire period, but some received higher cumulative cash transfers because they were living in communities randomized to begin receiving transfers earlier and/or they accumulated cash at a faster rate because they had more school-aged children at baseline. Our primary findings were that a doubling of cumulative cash transfers to the household was associated with higher BMI (beta = +0.83, 95% CI 0.46, 1.20; P < 0.0001), higher diastolic blood pressure (beta = +1.19, 95% CI 0.09, 2.29; P = 0.03), and higher prevalence of overweight [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% CI 1.18, 1.67; P < 0.0001), grade I obesity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.14, 1.75; P = 0.002), and grade II obesity (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.05, 2.36; P = 0.03), while controlling for a wide range of covariates, including household composition at baseline. Oportunidades has been portrayed as a model for CCT programs worldwide, but the results reported here support the notion that the cash component of Oportunidades may be negatively associated with some adult health outcomes.
Haitian Resiliency: A Case Study in Intermittent Infrastructure

In 2010 Haiti experienced a catastrophic earthquake that destroyed a substantial amount of infrastructure in the capital of Port-au-Prince. Limited national resources and widespread poverty have made the rebuilding slow and piecemeal. Five years later that infrastructure is still unevenly repaired and maintained. Nevertheless, the Haitian people have, by necessity, continued to adapt in order to take care of day-to-day activities. Based on a field visit, this paper describes some of the ways that infrastructure has re-emerged, gives examples of how people deal with the alternate infrastructures, how the infrastructures structure their lives and discusses what these lessons entail for how the developed world frames infrastructure in the face of similar challenges caused by global energy shortages.
Early Ear Problems and Developmental Problems at School Age

Retrospective history of middle ear disease was compared with developmental diagnosis in 507 consecutively referred school-age children. History of major ear problems was positively associated with discrepancies between the performance and verbal IQ on the WISC-R. History of major ear problems was positively associated with the presence of articulation disorders for children in the low social class, hyperactivity in the middle social class, and language problems in the high social class. A history of significant middle ear disease in early childhood should raise concerns for articulation difficulties and possible language problems in children presenting to clinicians with school problems.
Chronic proton pump inhibitor therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer.

Background & Aims: Chronic acid suppression by proton pump inhibitor therapy can lead to hypergastrinemia. Because existing evidence suggested an association between hypergastrinemia and colorectal cancer, we examined whether long-term proton pump inhibitor use is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in a population-representative cohort. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among patients 50 years of age and older and with ≥5 years of colorectal cancer–free initial follow-up in the General Practice Research Database (1987–2002) from the United Kingdom. Cases consisted of all patients with an incident diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Using incidence density sampling, up to 10 controls were matched with each case on practice site and both duration and calendar time of follow-up before the index date. The primary exposure of interest was ≥5 years of cumulative proton pump inhibitor therapy. We assessed the presence of duration-response and dose-response effects. Results: We identified 4432 incident colorectal cancer cases and 44,292 controls. The adjusted odds ratio for ≥5 years of proton pump inhibitor exposure was 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.7–1.9). Among high-dose proton pump inhibitor users (ie, ≥1.5 defined daily doses/day), there was a nonstatistically significant trend toward an increased risk with increasing duration of use (test for trend, P = .2). However, patients with pernicious anemia were not at increased risk for colorectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.3). Conclusions: Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy at a regular dose is not associated with a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Calcineurin activates interleukin-6 transcription in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo and in C2C12 myotubes in vitro

Expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by skeletal muscle is hugely increased in response to a single bout of endurance exercise, and this appears to be mediated by increases in intracellu...
The Field Dynamics of Stratification Among US Research Universities: The Expansion of Federal Support for Academic Research, 2000–2008

This chapter applies Mettler’s (2011) concept of the “submerged state” to understand the role of competition for research and development (R&D) funding in the stratification of universities in the US. Universities are conceptualized as members of a field whose contours are shaped by R&D policy. Analysis of data from 2000-2008 shows that, as the research policy environment has changed, patterns of stratification among public universities have shifted. The number of “middle class” public universities declined, while the “striving” group grew slightly and the lowest-resource group expanded notably. The group of elite public universities and all groups of private universities changed minimally. While policy changes appear associated with increased stratification, then, this association seems more pronounced for some (e.g., low- and moderate-resource public) universities than for others. Elite universities may use other resource bases – such as endowments – to maintain positions in evolving status hierarchies.
Molecular weight dependence of the morphology in P3HT:PCBM solar cells

In polymer-based photovoltaic devices, optimizing and controlling the active layer morphology is important to enhancing the device efficiency. Using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with well-defined molecular weights (MWs), synthesized by the Grignard metathesis (GRIM) method, we show that the morphology of the photovoltaic active layer and the absorption and crystal structure of P3HT are dependent on the MW. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the crystallinity of P3HT reached a maximum for intermediate MWs. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction showed that the spacing of the (100) planes of P3HT increased with increasing MW, while the crystal size decreased. Nonlinear crystal lattice expansions were found for both the (100) and (020) lattice planes, with an unusual π–π-stacking enhancement observed between 50 and 100 °C. The melting point depression for P3HT, when mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and, hence, the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter depended o...
Modeling the Aggregation of Asphaltene Nanoaggregates in Crude Oil−Precipitant Systems

This study discusses the development of a generalized geometric population balance model for simulating the growth of asphaltene aggregates from the nanometer scale to micrometer-sized particles. The Smoluchowski kernel has been incorporated to describe the aggregation of asphaltene nanoaggregates, which is induced by the addition of a precipitant, e.g., heptane. Rather than using the discretization of particle sizes based on the particle volumes, a discretization scheme based on the number of asphaltene molecules is incorporated, which ensures that the mass is conserved in this model. The model is in good agreement with the experimental data for the evolution of asphaltene aggregates at different times collected by centrifugation. The particle size distribution (PSD) of the asphaltene aggregates as a function of time is also determined. It was observed that the shift of the PSD to larger diameters is faster in the case of higher heptane concentrations because of the greater mass of asphaltenes precipitat...
Shenyang Commercial Housing Price Index Based on Hedonic Price Model

To analyze Shenyang 's commercial housing market,Shenyang commercial housing price index was studied with hedonic price on the basis of the price index construction at home and abroad and the actual situation of Shenyang real estate market. Using 16 hedonic variables and adopting the semi-logarithm model,a hedonic price model of Shenyang commercial housing was built and tested,which confirmed 14 hedonic variables impacting Shenyang commercial housing price as well as their interrelationships. Based on the price index formula,the hedonic price indexes of Shenyang commercial housing from 2006 to 2013 were calculated and it was concluded that the growth rate of Shenyang commercial housing price has slowed down year after year.Finally,some reasonable proposals were made to tackle the problems which might occur in the future market.
An investigation of chemical and pathogenic bacterial contamination of food in Miyun County,Beijing

Objective To understand situation of contamination by chemicals and pathogenic bacteria in food and their origins and causes through an investigation to provide a basic platform for risk analysis of food contaminants.Methods Examinations for microorganism,physical and chemical indicators in food were carried out based on the national standards for examinations of foods,GB/T 4789-2003 and GB/T 5009-2003.Results Examinations of food-borne pathogenic bacteria met the national standards in 95.91 percent of specimens,but less than five percent of food specimens including fresh milk,pork,sea food did not met.Staphylcoccus aureus was detected from milk,Staphylcoccus aureus.Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhi from pork and Vibrto parahemolyticus from seafood.Examinations for lead,cadmium and mercury contents met the standards in 98.59 percent of food specimens,but mercuric content did not met the standard in fresh mushroom.Examinations for food additive contents including sodium saccharin,sodium benzoate,sodium sorbitol,total sulfur dioxide,synthetic pigment all met the standards perfectly(hundred percent)in dry red wine.Conclusion For livestock and poultry slaughterhouses that did not met the standards,inspection should be strengthened and sterilization and isolation measures should be implemented strictly.For meat food sale shops and supermarkets,meat supply channels should be tightly controlled with hygienic inspection report,and vessels and tools exposed to meat should be sterilized regularly to reduce potential contamination and avoid occurrence of foot-borne diseases.
Principles of Pharmacotherapy and Antiarrhythmic Drugs

It is at the level of antiarrhythmic drugs and mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias that cellular cardiac electrophysiology (ionic currents, channels, receptors, etc.) interacts most closely with clinical cardiac electrophysiology. For this reason, we devote a chapter to a review of: 1) the clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy of antiarrhythmic drugs; 2) basic cellular electrophysiology of cardiac cells; 3) the regulators and modulators of ionic currents; 4) the targets of antiarrhythmic drugs; 5) cellular mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs; and 6) mechanisms of cardiac proarrhythmia. This chapter provides much of the basic science material that a clinical electrophysiologist may find useful in understanding the mechanisms of arrhythmias, drug antiarrhythmia and proarrhythmia, and genetic conditions such as the long QT syndromes.
Nonvenereal perianal conditions.

A number of conditions can involve the perianal region. Differential diagnosis in this area bridges inflammatory, infectious, tumorous, immunologic, and heritable conditions. Symptoms are nonspecific. Thus, correct diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion and careful evaluation.
Outlet Obstruction in the Transplant Patient

AbstractTransplantation is now an acceptable mode of therapy for end stage renal disease. Increased survival rates and acceptance of older recipients have resulted in an increased frequency of outlet obstruction in the male recipient. Reviews of urological complications in renal allotransplantation have failed to emphasize this clinical entity. We present 3 patients, each emphasizing a different facet in the natural history of outlet obstruction in the male recipient of a renal allotransplant. The rationale for aggressive investigation of outlet obstruction is emphasized.
New therapeutic agents marketed in 1993.

In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 25 new molecular entities (NMEs), 23 of which are for therapeutic use and two are diagnostic agents. Eleven of the NMEs for therapeutic use, as well a new biological agent intended for therapeutic use, were both approved and marketed in the United States in 1993. In addition, 11 other NMEs that the FDA approved before 1993 (most in late 1992) were marketed during the year. Thus, a total of 23 therapeutic agents reached the U.S. market for the first time in 1993, a considerably lower number than the 30 new therapeutic agents marketed in 1992 and the record number 31 new agents marketed in 1991. Many of the 13 therapeutic agents approved in 1993 but not marketed before the end of the year have become available in early 1994. This review of the therapeutic agents first marketed in 1993 considers their most important properties and, when possible, compares them with other available agents with similar properties. Of the 23 new therapeutic agents, 22 are considered in this paper. The one agent not reviewed is flosequinan, which was withdrawn from the market after being available only several months because of a concern about toxicity. This discussion of new drugs focuses on the most important properties of these agents; when additional information is needed, more comprehensive references and the product literature should be consulted.
PEM-PET Image Reconstruction in a Clinically-Relevant Time Frame

A positron emission mammography - positron emission tomography (PEM-PET) system is being constructed for PET guidance of breast core biopsy. The system will have two orthogonal pairs of rotating planar detectors operating in coincidence mode, for which performing fully 3-D image reconstruction in a clinically-relevant time frame is a challenge. This contribution describes a framework for fast list-mode ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) iterative image reconstruction and two additional techniques to speed image reconstruction. First, a novel analytic approach to sensitivity normalization matrix calculation was developed. Second, parallelization was accomplished for sensitivity normalization matrix calculation and the iteration step of OSEM. The algorithm was tested using a Monte Carlo simulation of a 3 minute clinical PEM-PET acquisition for an ellipsoidal breast phantom with spherical tumors. Timing tests were made on two workstations, one with 2 CPUs and one with 4 dual core CPUs (8 effective processors). On the 8 processor system the sensitivity normalization matrix was computed in 21 sec and fully 3-D image reconstruction with this precomputed sensitivity matrix was achieved in 4.6 min. Thus fully 3-D iterative image reconstruction for PEM-PET in a clinical time frame is achievable.
Abstract B77: Cancer screening in older South Asian immigrants in United States

Background: While South Asians (SA) are among the fastest growing immigrant groups in the U.S., there is a lack of disaggregated data on their health issues. Aim: Describe demographic characteristics, cancer beliefs (perceived risk, benefits, barriers), acculturation, access to care, and factors associated with breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening among SA in the US. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in English, Hindi, and Gujarati among SAs aged 40 or older. Sample: Of the total 331 respondents, 84% were born in India and 14% in Pakistan. Their mean age was 61.60 (S.D. 10.62) years, 61% were female, 45% were Muslims, and 44% Hindus, and 48% reported less than high school education. While 57% had lived in the U.S. for a decade or more, only 65% had a regular family doctor and 43% reported having no health insurance. Results: Demographic factors: Age and being of Pakistani descent was related to breast cancer screening (BCS); (t=3.526, p Recommendations: Certain barriers were unique to specific cancer testing while a few were common to all screening. Results will inform the development of community-based cancer screening educational intervention.
Rheology of Metallocene-Catalyzed Polyethylenes. The Effects of Branching

It is known that low-density polyethylene (LDPE), followed by high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and then linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), is the most stable in the film blowing process. The stability is related to the extensional viscosity exhibited in general by the three different types of polyethylenes (PEs). In particular, LDPE (which is highly branched) exhibits a significant degree of extensional strain-hardening, whereas LLDPE exhibits none and HDPE can exhibit some as a result of a broad molecular weight distribution (MWD). LDPE also exhibits an onset of shear-thinning at very low shear rates, usually less than 0.1 s ‑1 , whereas LLDPE does not shear-thin readily. With the advent of metallocene-catalyzed polyethylenes (m-PEs), some of the problems associated with LLDPE—such as processing stability and the lack of shear thinning—readily arise as a result of the narrow MWD possible with these systems. To improve on the processing performance of m-PEs, researchers have indicated that branching can be incorporated into m-PEs by forming copolymers containing an alpha-olefin such as octene. However, it is not clear what the effect of branching is on the flow behavior of these systems. There is some indication that the addition of a few long chain branches can promote shear-thinning behavior. Furthermore, it is extremely difficult to identify branching analytically without assuming that it is present. This chapter presents studies concerned with the extensional and shear viscosity behavior, supercooling effect, and other stress–strain relationships of the three PEs which have apparently different degrees of long chain branching but similar melt flow indexes.
Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Functionalization by an Iodate/Chloride System: The Role of Ester Protection

Mixtures of chloride and iodate salts for light alkane oxidation achieve >20% yield of methyl trifluoroacetate (TFA) from methane with >85% selectivity. The mechanism of this C–H oxygenation has been probed by examining adamantane as a model substrate. These recent results lend support to the involvement of free radicals. Comparative studies between radical chlorination and iodate/chloride functionalization of adamantane afford statistically identical 3°:2° selectivities (∼5.2:1) and kinetic isotope effects for C–H/C–D functionalization (kH/kD = 1.6(3), 1.52(3)). Alkane functionalization by iodate/chloride in HTFA is proposed to occur through H-atom abstraction by free radical species including Cl• to give alkyl radicals. Iodine, which forms by in situ reduction of iodate, traps alkyl radicals as alkyl iodides that are subsequently converted to alkyl esters in HTFA solvent. Importantly, the alkyl ester products (RTFA) are quite stable to further oxidation under the oxidizing conditions due to the protecti...
When reliance on religion falters: Religious coping and post-traumatic stress symptoms in older adults after multiple disasters

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina brought devastating losses to Gulf Coast communities. In this study, Katrina survivors answered open-ended questions about coping with hurricane-related challenges. The sample was partitioned into low and high scorers on a non-organizational religiosity scale. Content analyses revealed that low scorers described secular strategies, relied less on a church community in the aftermath of the storms, and exhibited active religious coping. High scorers referenced a greater need for God and faith, highly valued their church as a coping resource, and described passive religious coping strategies. Implications of the loss of familiar religious routines after disaster are discussed.
Identification of Direction of Time in Vector Autoregressive Systems Using PC Algorithm

In this paper we study whether it is possible to identify the direction of time in vector autoregressive processes. We prove a result regarding time reversibility of such systems and propose an algorithm to identify the direction of time when the system is not reversible. We first show that it is possible to utilize the PC-algorithm to identify the directed acyclic graph corresponding to a vector autoregressive process. The identified directed acyclic graph is then used to determine the direction of time. We test our proposed algorithm both on simulated data and real data consisting of EEG recordings.
Case series of unique adverse events related to the use of ibrutinib in patients with B-cell malignancies—A single institution experience and a review of literature:

BackgroundIbrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor has reformed the treatment of various B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom’s m...
Methods to monitor accurate and consistent electrode placements in conventional transcranial electrical stimulation.

Abstract Background Inaccurate electrode placement and electrode drift during a transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) session have been shown to alter predicted field distributions in the brain and thus may contribute to a large variation in tES study outcomes. Currently, there is no objective and independent measure to quantify electrode placement accuracy/drift in tES clinical studies. Objective/hypothesis We proposed and tested novel methods to quantify accurate and consistent electrode placements in tES using models generated from a 3D scanner. Methods Accurate electrode placements were quantified as Discrepancy in eight tES participants by comparing landmark distances of physical electrode locations F3/F4 to their model counterparts. Distances in models were computed using curve and linear based methods. Variability of landmark locations in a single subject was computed for multiple stimulation sessions to determine consistent electrode placements across four experimenters. Main results We obtained an average of 0.4 cm in Discrepancy, which was within the placement accuracy/drift threshold (1 cm) for conventional tES electrodes (∼35 cm2) to achieve reliable tES sessions suggested in the literature. Averaged Variability was 5.2%, with F4 electrode location as the least consistent placement. Conclusions These methods provide objective feedback for experimenters on their performance in placing tES electrodes. Applications of these methods can be used to monitor electrode locations in tES studies of a larger cohort using F3/F4 montage and other conventional electrode arrangements. Future studies may include co-registering the landmark locations with imaging-derived head models to quantify the effects of electrode accuracy/drift on predicted field distributions in the brain.
Detect and Avoid (DAA) Alerting Performance Comparison: CPDS vs. ACAS-Xu

Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems are integral to an Unmanned Aircraft System's (UAS) ability to Remain Well Clear (RWC) of other aircraft; they are an enabling technology for UAS to integrate into the National Airspace System (NAS). “Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems”1(RTCA DO-365) specifies criteria for determining when an alerting algorithm must, may, and must not issue an alert in an encounter with an intruding aircraft. Various organizations have developed prototype alerting algorithms for DAA, including National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Detect and AvoID Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems (DAIDALUS), General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI)'s Conflict Prediction and Display System (CPDS), and the Airborne Collision Avoidance System-Xu (ACAS-Xu) algorithms. This paper evaluates CPDS and ACAS Xu using the performance metrics explained in RTCA DO-365, and the observed strengths and shortcomings are identified and summarized. The data comes from NASA flight tests (FTs) 2 and 4; which occurred in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The former tested a Phase 2 DAA implementation using ACAS Xu run 3, while the latter tested a Phase 1 implementation using CPDS to perform the RWC function, and TCAS II v7.1 to fulfill the Collision Avoidance (CA) function. In summary, while both algorithms issued the majority of alerts within the MOPS requirements, CPDS tended to out-perform ACAS Xu. CPDS had fewer early alerts and late alerts, indicating that ACAS Xu may need adjustments to tune for MOPS compliance.
Toxicokinetics, pharmacokinetics, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Abstract Understanding pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of a drug molecule is critical for the success of drug development. Knowledge of the PK characteristics would allow us to improve dose and frequency of administration of a novel drug molecule, to achieve optimal pharmacological response and avoid toxicological effect. This book chapter provides an introduction to the topic of toxicokinetics and the processes that dictate PK behavior of the molecule. In addition, a list of related resources has been summarized at the end of the chapter which will serve as a reference for the readers. Overall, this chapter should be able to provide a high level overview on the topic and would serve as a good guide for anyone interested in the field of toxicokinetics