cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating a Large-scale Synthetic Dataset for Human Activity Recognition.

Creating and labelling datasets of videos for use in training Human Activity Recognition models is an arduous task. In this paper, we approach this by using 3D rendering tools to generate a synthetic dataset of videos, and show that a classifier trained on these videos can generalise to real videos. We use five different augmentation techniques to generate the videos, leading to a wide variety of accurately labelled unique videos. We fine tune a pre-trained I3D model on our videos, and find that the model is able to achieve a high accuracy of 73% on the HMDB51 dataset over three classes. We also find that augmenting the HMDB training set with our dataset provides a 2% improvement in the performance of the classifier. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to the dataset, including virtual try on and modeling motion of the people.
When Is an Orthopedic Intern Ready to Take Call

Objective While orthopedic residency training varies among programs, an inevitable phenomenon is a transition for interns from consistent oversight to independent call with indirect supervision. It is therefore crucial to reliably assess trainees’ ability to perform basic procedures. The objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of a novel Orthopaedic Intern Skills Assessment (OISA) to assess skill level. Design In a cohort study, participants were evaluated on their ability to complete eleven skills in a simulated environment. Using a standardized patient and/or cadaveric specimen, we assessed skeletal traction, joint aspiration, joint injection, laceration repair, ankle brachial index measurement, compartment pressure monitoring, upper and lower extremity splinting, informed consent, spine trauma exam, and cervical spine clearance abilities. Setting The assessment took place in a medical simulation lab at the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Oregon. Participants Third- or fourth-year medical students interested in orthopedics, incoming interns (preinterns), and residents within 1 month of completing their intern year (postinterns) were invited to participate in the study. All interested individuals were included. Of the 20 individuals contacted, 14 (70%) consented: 4 medical students (40%), 5 preinterns (100%), and 5 postinterns (100%). All consenting individuals finished their participation in the research. Results Postintern skill completion rate was significantly higher than preinterns (p = 0.006) and medical students (p Conclusions Our OISA found that postinterns had reached a basic orthopedic skill level expected of a junior resident without in-house supervision. Our OISA also highlighted areas of training that needed further attention, which will help orthopedic training programs verify an appropriate level of skill as trainees' progress from a supervised intern year to taking indirectly supervised junior resident call, and help identify areas where increased training is needed.
WiMove: Toward Infrastructure Mobility in mmWave WiFi

Line-of-sight (LOS) is a critical requirement for mmWave wireless communications. In this work, we explore the use of access point (AP) infrastructure mobility to optimize indoor mmWave WiFi network performance based on the discovery of LOS connectivity to stations (STAs).We consider a ceiling-mounted mobile (CMM) AP as the infrastructure mobility framework. Within this framework, we present a LOS prediction algorithm based on machine learning (ML) that addresses the LOS discovery problem. The algorithm relies on the available network state information (e.g., LOS connectivity between STAs and the AP) to predict the unknown LOS connectivity status between the reachable AP locations and target STAs. We show that the proposed algorithm can predict LOS connectivity between the AP and target STAs with an accuracy up to 91%. Based on the LOS prediction algorithm, we then propose a systematic solution WiMove, which can decide if and where the AP should move to for optimizing network performance. Using both ns-3 based simulation and experimental prototype implementation, we show that the throughput and fairness performance of WiMove is up to 119% and 15% better compared with single static AP and brute force search.
Homogeneity of jurors: The majority's influence depends upon their perceived independence.

A dissenting juror faces considerable social pressure from the majority to acept their position. This article postulated that whether the dissenter conforms or not should be dependent, in part, on attributions made about the cause of the majority's behavior. Specifically, it was hypothesized that to the extent the majority jurors are perceived to be independent of one another, their credibility should be high and the dissenter will likely adopt their position. On the other hand, agreement among homogeneous jurors may be attributed to mutual influence or similar personalities and, therefore, discounted as a reliable source of information about the case. Two studies investigated the relationship between both attributions of independence and social influence, and the homogeneity of the jurors attempting influence. Overall, findingsfrom the studies indicate that the manner in which jurors are initially categorized into social groups affects their perceived independence and persuasive impact.
Guided by the Grid: Raising Attention with the Rule of Thirds

The rule of thirds is a longstanding principle that helps artists and photographers to compose aesthetically pleasing images. Despite the rule’s wide use by photographers, little is known about its...
Methylene Blue Enteric Mapping for Intraoperative Localization in Obscure Small Bowel Hemorrhage: Report of a New Technique and Literature Review

Background Small bowel sources of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding present both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Due to the normal external appearance of the vast majority of small bowel lesions that cause obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple methods of intraoperative localization have been reported. When an arteriographic abnormality is found, the use of vital dye enteric mapping is one of the most effective localization techniques.
Hardware efficient narrow band FIR filter

This paper presents a novel approach to implement a narrow band Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filter that requires less hardware than traditional FIR filter implementations. The hardware efficient Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) multiplier is used instead of the conventional multiplier to reduce the hardware. The digital filter has been initially designed using Simulink, DSP Blockset and has been tested for the required frequency response using Matlab. The FIR filter has been modeled and verified using Verilog HDL and is implemented using FPGA Xilinx 4000 technology. The use of the multistage multirate approach for the design of the FIR filter stages results in a hardware saving of about 80%.
Analytic Calculations and Numerical Simulations of Box-Car Thermal Wave Images of Planar Subsurface Scatterers

The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of thermal wave infrared (IR) images in terms of the real shape of the defect. Due to heat diffusion into the sample, thermal wave images are usually blurred, especially for deep defects or long times. Because of this feature the use of traditional image post-processing (gradient image, threshold…) to assess the size and the shape of the defect quite often leads to false results. In order to increase the accuracy in the shape recovery, we need to “unblur” the thermal wave image, i.e. to reverse or invert the blurring process. To do so, our approach is to model the physical process such that a space description of the defect is involved parametrically and from that model to invert the image.
Transcriptional profile of rat extraocular muscle by serial analysis of gene expression.

PURPOSE. Although extraocular muscle (EOM) is skeletal muscle, aspects of its biology are unlike other striated muscle. In this study, the broad molecular genetics profile underlying the novel EOM phenotype was examined. METHODS. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used to quantify adult rat EOM gene transcripts. SAGE isolates and sequences 10-bp tags from defined locations in mRNA-derived cDNA. Tag sequence-location was used to extract transcript identity from a curated SAGE database, and detection frequencies reflected abundance of corresponding mRNAs. RESULTS. The 54,764 expressed sequence tags generated and sequenced from EOM included 17,602 unique tags. Of the unique tags, 7.8% were detected at high to intermediate levels (≥5 copies). 19.3% at lower levels (2-4 copies), and 72.9% as single copies; 40% of the tags matched known expressed sequence tags (ESTs), most of which (85.7%) represented a unique EST. Tags without matches in the SAGE database and those expressed as single copies only were not considered further. SAGE tags expressed at more than 0.1% of total transcripts reflected several aspects of muscle biology, including sarcomeric structure, energy metabolism, and ribosomal protein expression. Genes highly expressed in EOM were compared with other existing muscle expression databases to identify conserved and novel patterns in EOM. CONCLUSIONS. The data provide a normative gene expression database and a novel molecular signature that will facilitate study of EOM development and function and of the mechanisms behind its preferential targeting or sparing in neuromuscular disease.
Absent Right Side Iliac Arterial System, an Intraoperative Surprise during Live Related Recipient Renal Transplantation

Introduction. Renal transplantation has become the standard of care for patients with end stage renal disease. We present a rare case of an absent right sided iliac arterial system encountered during recipient renal transplantation. The presence of such vascular anomaly intraoperatively can present a technically challenging situation to the surgeon. Case Presentation. During a routine renal transplantation of a 34-year-old man, we encountered a complete absence of right side iliac arterial system and a prominent branch arising from left hemipelvis and coursing to the right lower limb and the urinary bladder. The artery to the bladder was divided and anastomosed end to end to the donor renal artery. Intraoperatively the renal perfusion and the urine output were good. A posttransplant magnetic resonance angiogram done six weeks later revealed good vascular supply to the kidney and the lower limb. Conclusion. Absent iliac artery on one or both sides is a rare phenomenon. The presence of it during an unanticipated renal transplant surgery can pose a significant technical challenge to the surgeons. We advocate routine assessment of pelvic vasculature before recipient renal transplant surgery so as to avoid a difficult situation like this.
Recognition memory for related pictures.

This study presents a test of the notion of semantic integration of information m pictures. In Experiment 1. subjects were presented pictures which comprised various subsets of the elements in one of four standard pictures. In the test phase. recognition confidence tor old and new items was a direct function of the number of figures in the test picture. However. recognition confidence was significantly higher for old than for new pictures, contrary to predictions of the integration model of Bransford and Franks (1971). In Experiment 2, the differential predictions of the integration model and the tally model (Reitman & Bower, 19731 were tested. The information for a key standard picture was presented solely as ONEs during acquisition. For the other three standard pictures. information was presented as ONEs, TWOs, and THREEs. The results were that recognition confidence increased with complexity at the test item with regular items but decreased with increasing complexity with key items. Together. these experiments support the tally model and demonstrate the generalizabilitv of this model to handle pictorial materials. Implications regarding the nature of picture memory are also discussed.
Automatic Tracking Of Multiple Objects

We are developing a computer vision system to automatically detect and track human motion across the international border between the United States and Mexico. Fundamental requirements are that the system work in real time under varying environmental conditions with relatively inexpensive hardware. The work we describe is applicable to a wide range of multiple object tracking problems. This paper describes the algorithm we have developed to detect and track moving objects. The algorithm is based on the notion of path coherence. However, the algorithm presented there is not suitable for our application because it requires noise free images, all trajectories must be present from the first through last images, and it requires multiple passes throught the trajectory points as each new image is acquired. This procedure is not acceptable for real time applications. We have previously reported on the front end of our system which takes video images and determines the areas which represent changing objects'. Thus the input to the tracking portion of the system consists of a binary image representing the changing pixels. In this paper we present a detailed description of the tracking algorithm, its implementation in Smalltalk-80, and samples of its operation. We also discuss system performance as a function of trajectory complexity and image noise level.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Can technologies represent their publics

Abstract This article locates the frequent call for public participation in the governance of technology within a theory of democratic representation. The article examines several modes of representation—symbolic, formal, delegate, trustee, and descriptive—in light of their potential contribution to a democratic theory of publicly representative technology. Publicly representative technology depends on each of the modes, giving some preference to the representative as trustee. Not every technical artifact or system should be expected to represent its constituents in the same way, but each mode of representation has an important role to play in facilitating democratic representation through technology.
Exchange narrowing in random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains

Abstract A phenomenological theory of exchange narrowing is developed for random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains at low temperature. The nearly logarithmic epr linewidth of quinolinium (tetracyanoquino-dimethane) 2 is regained as an inhomogeneous superposition of thermally decoupled domains with widely different renormalized exchange fields that also describe the static thermodynamics. The temperature dependence of internal dipolar fields and of interchain interactions are modeled in terms of spin dilution.
Unique among ciliopathies: primary ciliary dyskinesia, a motile cilia disorder

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a ciliopathy, but represents the sole entity from this class of disorders that results from the dysfunction of motile cilia. Characterized by respiratory problems appearing in childhood, infertility, and situs defects in ~50% of individuals, PCD has an estimated prevalence of approximately 1 in 10,000 live births. The diagnosis of PCD can be prolonged due to a lack of disease awareness, coupled with the fact that symptoms can be confused with other more common genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, or environmental insults that result in frequent respiratory infections. A primarily autosomal recessive disorder, PCD is genetically heterogeneous with >30 causal genes identified, posing significant challenges to genetic diagnosis. Here, we provide an overview of PCD as a disorder underscored by impaired ciliary motility; we discuss the recent advances towards uncovering the genetic basis of PCD; we discuss the molecular knowledge gained from PCD gene discovery, which has improved our understanding of motile ciliary assembly; and we speculate on how accelerated diagnosis, together with detailed phenotypic data, will shape the genetic and functional architecture of this disorder.
An automated fluorometric method for analysis of glycine in biological fluids.

Abstract An automated method of glycine analysis is described that is based on the ninhydrin oxidation of glycine to formaldehyde, which is then subjected to condensation by the Hantzsch reaction with acetylacetone and ammonia to form the fluorescent product, 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine. The method is applicable to biological fluids and has been shown to be adaptable to the analysis of glycine in blood spotted on filter paper. This innovation should prove to be particularly valuable in detection of disorders associated with hyperglycinemia in newborn infants.
Moral Development in the Soviet Union: A Conceptual Framework

The Soviet Union, in common with all societies, is highly concerned with the moral development of its youth; but the goal of creating the "new Soviet man" presupposes a definition of morality in the USSR that is very different from the more common definitions in the West. Moral development in the Soviet Union can be understood only in the context of what has come to be known as "communist morality." Lenin declared: "We reject any morality based on extra-human and extra-class concepts.… We say: morality is what serves to destroy the old exploiting society and to unite all the working people around the proletariat, which is constructing a new, a communist society" [10. Pp. 243-45]. In general, he contined, morality could be defined as anything that serves to help society rise "to a higher level" — to communism [10. P. 246].
On the response of a nerve to a sub-threshold stimulus— a self similar approach

Abstract This work examines the partial differential equation describing the response of a nerve fiber to a subthreshold current stimulus and shows that it is of the type that can be treated analytically by using the method of self-similar solution of partial differential equations.
Analysis of viral RNA isolated from tobacco leaf tissue infected with tobacco etch virus

Total RNA has been isolated from tobacco seedlings systemically infected with the potyvirus, tobacco etch virus (TEV). Analysis of this RNA by agarose gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, in conjunction with gel hybridization using various virus-specific nucleic acid probes, revealed genomic length TEV RNA and eight zones of less-than-full-length RNA. However, reconstitution experiments demonstrated that the zones were electrophoretic artifacts and not authentic subgenomic RNAs. Furthermore, only a single polyadenylated viral RNA species, which comigrated with TEV genomic RNA in gel electrophoresis studies, was isolated from infected tobacco leaf tissue. Translation of polyadenylated RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate resulted in the synthesis of four high-molecular-weight virus-specific products. The products had apparent molecular weights and serological reactivities as follows: (1) 120,000, reaction with antiserum to TEV cytoplasmic inclusion protein; (2) 87,000, no serological reaction detected; (3) 85,000, reaction with antisera to TEV capsid protein and the large-molecular-weight component of the nuclear inclusion body; (4) 49,000, reaction with antiserum to the small-molecular-weight component of the nuclear inclusion body.
Streaked X-Ray Microscopy Of Laser Fusion Targets

An ultrafast soft x-ray streak camera has been coupled to a Wolter axisymmetric x-ray microscope. This system was used to observe the dynamics of laser fusion targets both in self emission and backlit by laser produced x-ray sources. Spatial resolution was 7 pm and temporal resolution was 20 ps. Data is presented showing the ablative acceleration of foils to velocities near 107 cm/sec and the collision of an accelerated foil with a second foil, observed using 3 keV streaked x-ray backlighting. Good agreement was found between hydrocode simulations, simple models of the ablative acceleration and the observed velocities of the carbon foils.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Synthesis, resolution and radioiodination of S(−)trans‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐[N‐n‐propyl‐N‐(3′‐iodo‐2′‐propenyl)amino]tetralin‐S(−)trans‐5‐OH‐PIPAT: A new dopamine D2‐like receptor ligand

A new dopamine D2-like receptor ligand, (R,S)trans-5-hydroxy-2-[N-n-propyl-N-(3'-iodo-2'-propenyl)amino]tetralin ((R,S)trans-5-OH-PIPAT, 3), based on high affinity dopamine receptor agonist 5-hydroxy-2-[N,N-(di-n-propyl)-2-amino]tetralin (5-OH-DPAT, 1), was prepared. The synthesis was achieved by a reductive animation of 5-methoxy-2-tetralone with n-propylamine, followed by N-alkylation, to afford 5-methoxy-N-propyl-N-2'-propynyl-2-aminotetralin, 7. Reduction of 7 with tributyltin hydride gave the tri-n-butyl tin derivative, 8, which was converted to 9 by an iododemetalation reaction. Demethylation of 9 gave the desired compound, (R,S)trans-5-OH-PIPAT, 3. The resolved (R) and (S)trans-5-OH-PIPAT, 3 were also quantitatively prepared. In vitro binding studies showed the stereoselectivity of this new compound for binding to dopamine D2-like receptors. S(-)-3 displayed high binding affinity, with inhibition constants (K i ) of 0.38, 0.09 and 0.67 nM for dopamine D2H (expressed in HEK293 cells), D3 (expressed in Sf9 cells) and D4H receptors (expressed in CHO cells), respectively. Using the same binding assays, the less active R(+) isomer displayed K i values of 7.29, 4.87 and 16.44 nM for D2H, D3 and D4H receptors, respectively. In addition, radiolabeling was successfully performed, either with the racemic tin derivative, (R,S)-11, or using the optically resolved tin derivatives R(+)- or S(-)-11, to give the final radiolabeled product, [ 125 I]R(+) or S(-)-3.
Network behavior of thermosetting polyimide/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Abstract In previous published research, network formation has been used to understand morphology and properties in polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through measurements of rheological and electrical percolation thresholds, largely in thermoplastic matrices. In this research, these tools are explored as a means to understand network transport mechanisms and changes in CNT dispersion during curing in a thermosetting matrix. Specifically, rheological and electrical measurements were performed on the uncured nanocomposites, and electrical measurements were performed on the cured nanocomposites. The resulting data were applied to a percolation model. The results showed that the uncured resin played a limited role in mediating rheological transport and that little CNT aggregation occurred during curing. The results of this initial work suggest that such a combination of techniques is applicable to understanding dispersion changes resulting from curing and provides complementary insight to that provided by electron microscopy imaging of the same phenomenon.
Renal tubular secretion of urate in sheep.

SummaryThe simultaneous renal clearances of endogenous urate and of inulin were measured in five normal ewes, three pregnant and two not, and in two sheep moribund with ovine toxemia of pregnancy. The urate clearance exceeded the inulin clearance in every period in each sheep, with the ratio ranging from 1.7 to 3.2 and averaging 2.46.
Spectral tilt as a cue to word segmentation in infancy and adulthood.

Across a variety of tasks, adults respond differently to syllables with multiple stress cues than to syllables with only one cue to stress. This series of experiments was designed to explore how infants and adults use partial stress as a cue to word boundaries. In the first experiment, 9-month-old infants treated syllables with only one cue to stress (spectral tilt) as a strong cue to word boundaries. The second experiment shows that whereas adults treat syllables with multiple cues to stress as word onsets, they do not consider syllables marked only by spectral tilt to be strong indicators of word boundaries. The third experiment shows that 1-year-old infants are more adultlike than 9-month-olds in their use of stress cues. Taken together, these results suggest a rapid development of stress cue knowledge in infancy, perhaps due to infants’ experience with word segmentation.
Milk production traits in diallel cross ewes1

Summary Ewes produced in a 4 × 4 diallel mating design were evaluated for several milk traits. No significant differences (P >.05) were observed among the purebreds for total milk yield and average daily milk yield. However, all milk composition traits differed significantly among the purebreds. Effects of heterosis were significant (P < .01) for the total and average daily milk yield, resulting in a heterosis value of 16.4% and 16.1%, respectively. Heterosis values for milk composition traits were either low and negative or zero. Effects of general combining ability were significant (P < .01) for all traits, whereas effects of specific combining ability were significant only for total and average daily milk yield. The results of this study indicate that crossbreeding is effective for increasing milk production but not necessarily milk composition traits. A short term breeding strategy utilizing heterosis, reciprocal and maternal effects will require test crosses to predict which will be more productive. For the long term these results suggest that crosses between breeds or lines selected for milk traits will also be valuable. Zusammenfassung Milchleistungsmerkmale in einem Diallel von Schafen Milchleistungsmerkmale wurden in einem 4 × 4 Diallel untersucht. Zwischen den Reinzuchttieren waren keine signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich Gesamtlaktationsmilchmenge und durchschnittliche Tagesmilchmenge vorhanden, wohl aber unterschieden sich die Rassen signifikant in der Milchzusammensetzung und signifikant war auch Heterosis fur Laktations- und durchschnittliche tagl. Milchmenge (16,4% bzw. 16,1%). Heterosis aber war niedrig oder negativ fur Gehaltsmerkmale. Unterschiede in der allgemeinen Kombinationseignung waren fur alle Merkmale signifikant, wahrend spezielle Kombinationseignung nur fur die Mengenmerkmale Signifikanz erreichte. Diese Untersuchungen zeigen, das Kreuzungszucht wirksam zur Steigerung der Milchleistung ist, aber nicht unbedingt fur Gehaltsmerkmale. Eine kurzfristige Zuchtstrategie zur Ausnutzung von Heterosis, reziproken und maternalen Wirkungen wird Testkreuzungen zur Erfassung produktiver Kombinationen benotigen. Langfristig gesehen bedeuten die vorliegenden Resultate, das Kreuzungen zwischen Rassen oder Linien, die fur Milchmerkmale selektiert worden sind, wertvoll sein wurden.
Airborne measurement of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background at 3.3 mm

THE ‘primaeval fireball1 model of the Universe’ predicts a cosmic microwave background radiation field which has the spectral character of a blackbody source. The radiation arises from an initially very dense, very hot Universe, and has been cooled to around 2.7 K through the cosmological expansion. Previous ground-based radiometric measurements2–6 at wavelengths as short as 3.3 mm are consistent with a 2.7 K blackbody, but most of these points are in the Rayleigh-Jeang tail of such a blackbody spectrum.
The actinide hydrides: The americium-hydrogen system

Abstract Pressure-temperature-composition data and X-ray measurements were obtained to study the nature of the americium-hydrogen system using the long-lived americium-243 isotope ( t 1 2 = 7950 yr ). A Sievert's-type apparatus was employed to perform measurements in the temperature range 125–880°C, in the composition range from Am to AmH 3 , and at pressures from 10 −4 to 700 torr. The existence of three homogeneous phases was established: americium solid solution, the dihydride and the trihydride. Equilibrium plateau decomposition relationships were determined from Van't Hoff plots in the Am( ss )-AmH 2 two-phase region, yielding log 10 p( torr )= −9942±38 T + 11·04 ± 0·04 The heat of formation of AmH 2 is ΔH F = 45·5 ± 0·2 kcal/mole; the entropy of reactions is ΔS = −37·3 ± 0·2 cal/deg per mole.
Management of Lithium in Patients With Cancer

This article reviews the management of lithium in patients who require optimum management of cancer and simultaneous prevention of mania or depression in lithiumsensitive affective illness. Two cases are described. Discussion focuses on whether lithium should be continued during chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the complications that would lead to lithium toxicity in an otherwise stable patient, the likely settings for hypothyroidism, and the role of lithium to stabilize steroid-induced affective changes. The authors conclude that lithium may be withheld 1 or 2 days before cytotoxic chemotherapy and restarted when the patient is able to drink. It may be given as usual through routine radiation treatment, but it should be discontinued during cranial radiation. Calcium, renal, cardiac, and thyroid functions should be monitored.
Magnetic Quasi-Phase Matching All-Fiber Isolator

We have experimentally demonstrated an all-fiber optical isolator with 20 dB isolation. The result shows that the quasi-phase matching technique via a meter-long magnet array is highly feasible to generate more than 45 degrees of Faraday rotation in the fibers. The all-fiber isolator can also be temperature tuned to operate between 1048 nm and 1066 nm wavelength.
NIR Fiber-Optic Method with Multivariate Calibration Analysis for Determination of Inorganic Compounds in Aqueous Solutions:

Near-infrared spectra of aqueous solutions were collected by using evanescent-field fiber-optic sensors. The spectra of two- and four-electrolyte solutions were analyzed with a partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm to quantify the measurements. Our results indicate that the electrolytes can be identified and simultaneously determined by using the PLS calibration model. Electrolytes in opaque aqueous mixtures were also studied, and the results are compared with results from clear aqueous solutions.
Selective cognitive deficits in adult rats after prenatal exposure to inhaled ethanol.

Abstract Increased use of ethanol blends in gasoline suggests a need to assess the potential public health risks of exposure to these fuels. Ethanol consumed during pregnancy is a teratogen. However, little is known about the potential developmental neurotoxicity of ethanol delivered by inhalation, the most likely route of exposure from gasoline–ethanol fuel blends. We evaluated the potential cognitive consequences of ethanol inhalation by exposing pregnant Long Evans rats to clean air or ethanol vapor from gestational days 9–20, a critical period of neuronal development. Concentrations of inhaled ethanol (5000, 10,000, or 21,000 ppm for 6.5 h/day) produced modeled peak blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) in exposed dams of 2.3, 6.8, and 192 mg/dL, respectively. In offspring, no dose-related impairments were observed on spatial learning or working memory in the Morris water maze or in operant delayed match-to-position tests. Two measures showed significant effects in female offspring at all ethanol doses: 1) impaired cue learning after trace fear conditioning, and 2) an absence of bias for the correct quadrant after place training during a reference memory probe in the Morris water maze. In choice reaction time tests, male offspring (females were not tested) from the 5000 and 10,000 ppm groups showed a transient increase in decision times. Also, male offspring from the 21,000 ppm group made more anticipatory responses during a preparatory hold period, suggesting a deficit in response inhibition. The increase in anticipatory responding during the choice reaction time test shows that inhaled ethanol yielding a peak BEC of ~ 200 mg/dL can produce lasting effects in the offspring. The lack of a dose-related decrement in the effects observed in females on cue learning and a reference memory probe may reflect confounding influences in the exposed offspring possibly related to maternal care or altered anxiety levels in females. The surprising lack of more pervasive cognitive deficits, as reported by others at BECs in the 200 mg/dL range, may reflect route-dependent differences in the kinetics of ethanol. These data show that response inhibition was impaired in the offspring of pregnant rats that inhaled ethanol at concentrations at least 5 orders of magnitude higher than concentrations observed during normal automotive transport and fueling operations, which rarely exceed 100 ppb.
How Do Consumers Transfer Existing Knowledge? A Comparison of Analogy and Categorization Effects

The trend in recent consumer research has been to emphasize the similarities between analogy and categorization. In this investigation, we merge the literature on analogy, categorization, and structure mapping theory to reach a better understanding of their differences. In 3 experiments, we compare consumers’ responses to analogy and categorization cues and find that analogy places much greater constraints on knowledge transfer than categorization by focusing consumers on relational similarities. Illustrating this, the analogy group in Study 1 was just as likely as the categorization group to generate relational inferences, but much less likely to generate attribute inferences. Likewise, the results of Study 2 indicate that the analogy group restricted their processing of features lying outside the common relational system, leading to inferior recall relative to the categorization group. Building on these findings, Study 3 demonstrates that, under certain circumstances, analogy and categorization work together syn-ergistically to enhance consumer memory.
Annual Cycle of Plasma Luteinizing Hormone and Sex Hormones in Male and Female Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

Comparisons between “wild” and “game farm” mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were made to assess the differences in the temporal changes of plasma hormones. Seasonal variation in the levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, 5cs-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone, estradiol-1 7 3 and progesterone were measured in male and female mallards. In all birds there was a vernal increase in the concentrations of LH and testosterone in plasma which were correlated with the development of the testes and ovaries prior to and during the nesting season. The concentrations of estrogens in the plasma of the females were, in general, slightly higher during the nesting season but were much lower than the levels of testosterone. The highest levels of LH and testosterone in the females coincided precisely with the period of egg laying which occurred approximately one month earlier in game farm females than in wild females. The concentrations of LH and testosterone in the plasma of females decreased rapidly during incubation. In wild males, the decline in levels of these hormones temporally coincided with that of females. In contrast, plasma levels of LH and testosterone of males of the game farm stock remained elevated after the beginning of incubation in females to which they were paired. On the basis of these results and an examination of the literature, it appears that domestication results in: 1) increased reproductive potential through earlier initiation of nesting and by delay of the termination of reproduction until later in the summer; and 2) a decrease in the synchronization of the hormonal events supporting reproduction between the male and female of a pair. Testicular weights and plasma levels of testosterone become higher in game farm and domestic males than in the wild stock but levels of LH are similar.
Use of bromelin to demonstrate erythrocyte antibodies.

SummaryIsotonic solutions of bromelin buffered to pH 5.5 were utilized in an immediate and 15-minute procedure to demonstrate antibodies directed against the ABO, Rh-hr, P, MNS, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, Vel, and Sutter blood groups. In addition, a bromelin test detected erythrocytes coated with incomplete antibodies. This reaction appears to be dependent on presence of fresh plasma.
Circulating Fluidized Bed Incineration of Industrial Solid Wastes

A pilot scale test facility of a circulating fluidized bed incinerator was established to generate design and operation data and help assess the technical feasibility for industrial applications. The use of high turbulence in the combustion zone and feeding an acid-capturer directly into the incinerator to absorb acid gases eliminates the costly afterburner and scrubber. This paper presents some systematic incineration tests of uniform industrial wastes such as paper mill sludge cake, rubber waste and petroleum coke. Sludge cakes with high moisture and low heating values can be treated to a low emission level by co-firing with coal. The high superficial gas velocity has improved combustion efficiency but increases NOx emissions. However, sulphur content has almost no influence on sulphur retention. The problems of CO/NOx emissions and circulation stability are also discussed.
A Phase II study of SU5416 in patients with advanced or recurrent head and neck cancers.

Background: SU5416 (semaxanib) is a synthetic small molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This Phase II study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of SU5416 in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers.
NMR Velocity Mapping of Couette Flow Using Oscillating Magnetic Field Gradients

Abstract A method for obtaining spin-density distributions of selected layers in annular shear flow is introduced. A transverse rotating magnetic field gradient is generated by oscillating orthogonal gradients in quadrature. The equivalence of the frames of reference of a rotating sample with a fixed magnetic field gradient and a rotating magnetic field gradient with a fixed sample is demonstrated with modulation sideband patterns. When the magnetic field gradient and sample rotation frequency differ, sidebands appear at integer multiples of thedifferencebetween the two rotation frequencies. When the gradient is synchronized with the sample rotation, the spectrum is a spin-density projection of the sample onto the gradient. When the sample and gradient are counterrotating, high audio-frequency sidebands appear with consequent spectral simplification. When the orthogonal components used to generate the rotating gradient are imperfectly matched, sidebands appear at integer multiples of the sum and difference frequencies of Ωsand Ωg. A novel, low-cost electronic system is described to create the rotating gradient on a standard high-resolution spectrometer. Spectra of layers of fluid moving at a chosen angular frequency in a sample undergoing Couette flow shearing are shown. The radial fluid layer is selected by stroboscopically sampling with a Hahn-echo refocusing pulse applied at integer multiples of the rotation period. A two-dimensional analysis is given that separates the signal arising from the layer that is synchronized with the rotating gradient from the signals arising from the rest of the sample. Complex phase distortions occur when the echo delays do not match the rotation period. A radial frequency map of the Couette streamline flow is generated using the 2D technique which compares favorably with the calculated flow field.
ATP-independent DNA synthesis in vaccinia-infected L cells.

Abstract Mouse L cells can be made permeable to exogenous nucleotides by a cold shock in 0.01 M Tris · HCl pH 7.8, 0.25 M sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, 30 mM 2-mercaptoethanol and 4 mM MgCl2. DNA synthesis in permeabilized L cells requires ATP whereas DNA synthesis in permeabilized L cells that are infected with Vaccinia virus is ATP-independent. Permeabilized L cells that are infected with ultraviolet-irradiated virus show a marked suppression of DNA synthesis which is not corrected by an excess of deoxynucleoside triphosphates and ATP. The ATP-dependent and ATP-independent processes of DNA synthesis are inhibited to the same extent by Mal-Net, pHMB, ara CTP and phosphonoacetate. Concentrations of daunorubicin and cytembena, which cause marked inhibition of the ATP-dependent enzymes, only cause partial inhibition of the ATP-independent enzymes.
Creep behavior of an SiC-reinforced XDTM MoSi2 composite

Abstract The compressive creep behavior of an MoSi 2 SiC composite and a base alloy was investigated at 1050–1300°C. Creep experiments performed in air showed power-law type constitutive behavior with a stress exponent of approximately 3.5. Both materials showed some effect of thermal oxidation during creep. Microstructural observations by transmission electron microscopy indicated that deformation occurred primarily by dislocation glide and that the rate-controlling process was recovery by dislocation climb. In the composite material, SiC particles were effective impediments to glide, as were numerous strain centers, tentatively identified as coherent precipitate particles. Cavitation occurred at SiC-matrix interfaces and at grain boundaries within polycrystalline SiC particles, and the process was apparently facilitated by the accumulation of glassy phase at these sites during creep. High resolution electron microscopy observations indicated the glassy phase originated both from thermal oxidation during creep and from non-crystalline material that pre-existed in the as-fabricated composite.
A critique of frontier orbital theory

Abstract The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory has been widely adopted in recent years in the belief that it represents the best available qualitative/semiquantitative treatment of chemistry in terms of quantum theory. While the dubious nature of the approximation on which it is based has been recognized, its apparent success has been taken as sufficient justification. While it has also been recognized that it fails in certain cases, these have been regarded as rare consequences of special circumstances. The claim that FMO theory alone can account for the course of pericyclic reactions, if true, would certainly indicate its superiority to earlier theoretical treatments. However, no in-depth criticism of these claims has as yet been published. The purpose here is to provide such an analysis.
Multiwavelength scanning radiometer for airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds

A multi-wavelength scanning radiometer has been developed for measuring the angular distribution of scattered radiation deep within a cloud layer. The purpose of the instrument is to provide measurements from which the single scattering albedo of clouds can be derived as a function of wavelength. The radiometer has a 1-deg field of view and scans in the vertical plane from 5 deg before zenith to 5 deg past nadir (190 deg aperture). The thirteen channels of the cloud absorption radiometer are located between 0.5 and 2.3 microns and were selected to avoid the molecular absorption bands in the near-infrared. The first seven channels of the radiometer are simultaneously and continuously sampled, while the eighth registered channel is selected from among the six channels on a filter wheel. This paper describes the optical, mechanical and electrical design of the instrument and presents some early results obtained from measurements taken aboard the University of Washington's B-23 aircraft to illustrate the performance of the instrument.
Ocean zoning, first possession and Coasean contracts

Abstract Governments are being asked to integrate uses of ocean resources and space by developing comprehensive zoning plans. The current, sectoral practice establishes individual areas, such as marine protected areas, that satisfy constituents’ first-possession strategies to claim de facto ownership, but the zones are not integrated. Also, the emphasis on exclusive-use zoning to minimize spillovers in both approaches is costly when the value of excluded production is greater than spillover damages. Alternatively, property rights could be allocated to claimants and exchanged in contracts that internalize spillovers, account for all sources of value, and result in an optimal pattern of mixed-use and exclusive-use zones.
Microwave Scattering From Macroscopic Gratings

Microwaves can exhibit Bragg diffraction effects when their wavelength becomes shorter than the spacing of grooves in a macroscopic grating of parallel grooves or ridges. For spacings of the order of a few centimeters, these effects will appear at about 10 GHz or above, or at lower frequencies if the incidence is closer to grazing. We study these diffraction phenomena for a general (3D) incidence of the microwave beam, both regarding their geometry, and regarding their intensity, using certain simple scattering approximations for the latter purpose.
Physical activity before and during pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance among Hispanic women.

Aim Women diagnosed with abnormal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes, with higher risks in Hispanic women. Studies suggest that physical activity may be associated with a reduced risk of these disorders; however, studies in Hispanic women are sparse.
Post-natal corticosteroid use.

Corticosteroids given systemically in the first 2 weeks after birth may reduce chronic lung disease (CLD) and mortality, but there are concerns regarding the long-term adverse effects which may have influenced prescribing habits. The aim of this study was to determine whether corticosteroids were still prescribed and, if so, was there a consensus regarding the most appropriate regimen to use. Consultant paediatricians at all 223 neonatal units in the United Kingdom were sent a questionnaire asking which route, timing, dosage and indications they used when administering corticosteroids. There was a 72% response rate to the survey. Of those who responded, 33% never prescribed steroids and 3.75% gave inhaled steroids only. Corticosteroids were not prescribed in the 1st week after birth, 21.1% of respondents commenced administration in the 2nd week and 33.3% only outside the neonatal period. A total of 48% prescribed a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg per day, 33% gave lower doses, with 7.9% prescribing 0.1 mg/kg per day or less. The majority (77%) prescribed corticosteroids only to ventilator-dependent infants, others also gave corticosteroids to chronically continuous positive airway pressure- or oxygen-dependent infants. Conclusion: there are wide variations in corticosteroid usage. This emphasises the need to identify if there is a corticosteroid dosage regimen with a positive risk/benefit ratio.
Allocating Scarce Medical Resources by Worth: Shaw’s Critique in The Doctor’s Dilemma

When the demand for a medical resource exceeds the supply, we have a problem of scarcity. There are many instantiations of this issue. The time of health care providers during an emergency, organs for transplantation, a bed in an intensive care unit, and a slot in a research protocol can all be scarce resources. Interest in this issue has been renewed because of recent concerns about a pandemic and shortages of vaccines. In each of these cases there is a problem of distributive justice. If the resource is lifesaving, then the question is especially poignant: Who shall be saved when not all can be?
Two new assays for Forssman hapten.

Abstract Partial isolation of anti-Forssman antibody permitted development of two new assay techniques. The standard inhibition assay involving reaction of anti-Forssman antibody with hapten to form soluble hapten-antibody complexes was modified by labelling antibody with fluorescein. Fluorescence of these complexes was measured after reaction of residual free antibody with sheep erythrocytes and removal with the cells. A second new assay, based on quenching intrinsic fluorescence of the antibody molecule upon complexing with hapten, was also developed. These methods proved to be more rapid and amenable to assay of large numbers of samples than those previously used. Data obtained by inhibition of complement-mediated hemolysis and the two new methods are compared.