cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of doxylamine given as Bendectin in the pregnant monkey and baboon.

Abstract The object of the present study was to determine the maternal plasma pharmacokinetics of doxylamine (the antihistamine component of Bendectin®) following Bendectin® administration. Bendectin® was administered daily, po, at a dosage approximately 10 times the maximum human therapeutic dosage (7 mg/kg/day) throughout organogenesis (approximately days 22 through 50 of gestation) to three cynomolgus monkeys, four rhesus monkeys, and five baboons. Two pharmacokinetic experiments were performed in each animal, one on the first day of treatment and one on the last day of treatment. Although this study was not designed specifically as a teratologic examination, no morphologic abnormalities were observed when the fetuses were examined on approximately day 100 of gestation. A single-compartment, parallel first- and second-order elimination model was used to analyze the data. Although considerable interindividual variation was evident, no significant differences between species were observed when the half-life for the absorption of doxylamine from the gut or the elimination of doxylamine and metabolites from the plasma were compared. The plasma elimination half-lives and the clearance values were not altered by the 29 days of Bendectin® treatment for any of the species. Only the half-life for the absorption of doxylamine in the baboon was reduced by daily dosing with Bendectin®, but this did not alter doxylamine elimination. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of doxylamine administered as Bendectin® were similar in the three nonhuman primate species examined and were not altered by repeated daily administration.
Ultrafast lasers and applications

This short course will provide a self-contained overview of ultrafast optical techniques. After a brief treatment of relevant fundamental linear and nonlinear processes, the generation and propagation of ultrashort light pulses will be covered. Pulse formation in important solid-state and fiber lasers and amplifiers will be described. The achievable performance of each device will be discussed along with the factors that limit the performance. Applications to the generation of electromagnetic pulses in new frequency regimes (terahertz and ultrafast x-rays pulses, e.g.) will be touched on briefly. Techniques for the measurement of short pulses will be described. Example applications will include studies of ultrafast phenomena in solids and molecules, nonlinear microscopy techniques for biological imaging, precision material processing, and generation of frequency combs. Students will gain an overview of the field of ultrafast science.
Is the cart pushing the horse? the effects of child characteristics on children's and adults' interview behaviours

In the current study we examine the influence of child individual differences on children's and adults' behaviours in unstructured forensic interviews. Thirty-eight interviews conducted by actual forensic interviewers with 3- to 7-year-old children were analysed for child reporting behaviours (assent, denial, acquiescence, accurate and inaccurate details, verbosity and cooperation) and adult behaviours (leading vs. neutral questions). Consistent with our predictions, child individual differences that were visible (marked, e.g. sociability) more often predicted child and adult behaviours than those that were not as apparent (unmarked, e.g. source monitoring). In addition to direct influences of the child individual differences on child behaviours, for some variables the influence of the child individual difference was mediated by differential responses by an interviewer (i.e. indirect effects) which then, in turn, influence the child. The ability to examine indirect influences by using unstructured interviews is emphasized. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Golgi bodies, vacuome, and mitochondria in the salivary glands of the Chironomus larva

Our observations confirm the recent findings of Krjukowa ('29) on the specific character of the Golgi material in the salivary glands of the Chironomus larva and are therefore in disagreement with the findings of Parat and Painleve ('24). The Golgi material in the salivary glands of the Chironomus larva is present as discrete bodies having the form of crescents, rings, and rods. These are evenly deposited throughout the gland and show no makred variation in number at different stages of the physiological activity of the gland. The mitochondria are present in the form of filaments frequently concentrated in the area surrounding the nucleus and at the periphery of the cell. Neutral-red staining was never observed to color the Golgi bodies. It is suggested that the neutral-red bodies may represent the secretory material. However, it is clear that, whatever the significance of the neutral-red bodies, they are not Golgi material. Accordingly, this evidence supports the view that the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and neutral-red bodies are morphologically distinct structures in the cells of the salivary glands of the Chironomus larva.
A diagonal split-cell model for the overlapping Yee FDTD method

Abstract In this paper, we present a nonorthogonal overlapping Yee method for solving Maxwell's equations using the diagonal split-cell model. When material interface is presented, the diagonal split-cell model does not require permittivity averaging so that better accuracy can be achieved. Our numerical results on optical force computation show that the standard FDTD method converges linearly, while the proposed method achieves quadratic convergence and better accuracy.
A new approach to the isolation of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases: Alternative systems

A new guideline developed by the Centers for Disease Control suggests that hospitals adopt one of two alternative isolation systems: the category system or the disease-specific system. The older category system has been modified to reflect current knowledge; for example, the category of protective isolation has been deleted, new categories for contact precautions and tuberculosis precautions have been added, the specific precautions indicated in the other categories have been substantially modified, and many infections have been assigned to new categories. The disease-specific system, a newly developed approach, lists the specific isolation precautions indicated for each infectious disease. Whereas the revised category system offers greater simplicity in practice, the disease-specific system minimizes unnecessary precautions. Both systems allow patient-care personnel more decision-making authority in determining which precautions to apply.
Transmission of Experimental Rhinovirus Colds in Volunteer Married Couples

Communicability of rhinovirus type 16 or type 55 was studied in 24 childless couples; on partner (the donor) was infected with laboratory-grown virus. Initially, both partners lacked antibody to the challenge agent. Rates of transmission between partners were 41% and 33% for type 16 and type 55, respectively. These rates are similar to those determined in epidemiologic studies of natural rhinovirus infection. Although the mucosa of the anterior nares was shown to be highly susceptible to infection (less than one 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID50]), transmission rarely occurred unless (1) at least 1,000 TCID50 of virus was recovered from the donor's nasal washing, (2) the donor had virus on his hands and anterior nares, (3) he was at least moderately symptomatic, and (4) he spent many hours with his spouse. Since person-to-person transfer of rhinovirus was so dependent upon time spent together and shedding of large amounts of virus by the donor, it seems possible that the chain of infection could be interrupted by environmental manipulation.
Introduction to IEC 909 (BS 7639). Short-circuit current calculation in three-phase AC systems

A calculation of the prospective fault current must usually be made when planning or modifying an electrical system. Such calculations may also be required for operational purposes. The standard and a number of supporting Technical Reports have been produced by Technical Committee 73 of the IEC. This objectives of this standard are to produce a procedure which is: practicable and concise; gives conservative results with sufficient accuracy; and can be used by nonspecialist engineers. To meet these objectives, a procedure based on an equivalent voltage source at the fault point has been used. A number of scaling and correction factors are introduced in the calculations to meet the second objective. The standard, though its main concern may be for maximum short-circuit currents, also addresses minimum fault current conditions and also distinguishes between short-circuits with and without AC component decay. The IEC 909 standard, in its scope, only applied to systems with nominal voltages up to 230 kV, but when it was adopted by CENELEC, this was extended to systems up to 380 kV nominal voltage.
Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal boundary conductance between carbon nanotubes and SiO 2

We investigate thermal energy coupling between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ with nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The phonon thermal boundary conductance $(g)$ per CNT unit length is found to scale proportionally with the strength of the van der Waals interaction $(\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\chi})$, with CNT diameter $(\ensuremath{\sim}D)$, and as power law of temperature ($\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{1/3}$ between 200 and 600 K). The thermal relaxation time of a single CNT on ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ is independent of diameter, $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}85\text{ }\text{ps}$. With the standard set of parameters $g\ensuremath{\approx}0.1\text{ }\text{W}\text{ }{\text{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for a 1.7 nm diameter CNT at room temperature. Our results are comparable to, and explain the range of experimental values for CNT-${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ thermal coupling from variations in diameter, temperature, or details of the surface interaction strength.
Thermal instability of tetrahymena ribosomes: Effects on protein synthesis

Abstract The thermal denaturation curves of ribosomes from two strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis and a wild strain of Escherichia coli have been compared. The Tetrahymena ribosomes show significant denaturation at temperatures close to each strain's maximum growth temperature; both are considerably less stable than those of the bacterium. The translational efficiency of each strain was measured by determining the ratio of amino acid incorporation under optimal growth conditions and at temperatures slightly above and below the temperature supporting a maximum growth rate. The same temperature levels which initiate in vitro ribosomal melting cause significant in vivo reductions in the efficiency of messenger translation. The loss in template efficiency does not appear to be associated with any qualitative impairment of the translation of individual messengers, since the size distribution on a molecular sieve (Sephadex G-200) is unchanged.
A literature survey of water-side fouling applicable to cooling tower condensers

AbstractBecause of the complexity of fouling, it has been primarily studied as individual mechanisms. However, in actual field conditions, multiple mechanisms may be present. Little is understood about how different mechanisms interact. In cooling tower applications, water is treated with corrosion inhibitors and biocides to eliminate biological and corrosion fouling mechanisms. The fouling in cooling towers is, therefore, typically a combination of precipitation and particulate fouling. This paper presents a literature survey of research in the area of particulate, precipitation, and combined fouling modes in heat exchangers that use cooling tower water. Several experiments, models, and correlations are briefly described. The article concludes with a review section on long-term fouling data.
Some theoretical aspects of bromine‐containing triazine flame retardants

We studied flame retardancy of cotton fabric treated with five diaminotriazines containing bromine—three compounds with the bromine on aliphatic groups and two with the bromine on phenyl groups. Flame retardancy, as measured by oxygen index and FF3-71 flammability standards, was better on the fabrics containing aliphatic bromine than on the fabrics containing aromatic bromine. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analyses (DTG) were obtained on the fabrics, results of which supported the theory that HBr liberated during burning lowers the ignition temperature and decomposition point of the cellulose causing a reduction in flammable gases and an increase in residual char. Since CH and CBr bond strengths are stronger on aromatic groups than on aliphatic groups, our results agree with the theory that flame retardancy increases as the CBr bond strength decreases. In other words, since bromine inhibits oxidation reactions in the gas phases, the heat evolved is expected to become less as the CBr bond strength decreases.
The effects of agitation and aeration on the production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger

The effects of agitation and aeration in the production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger from a glucose medium were investigated. Experiments were conducted at aeration rates of 5.0 and 10.0 L/min. Four different agitation speeds were investigated for each aeration rate. Gluconic acid concentration and biomass concentration were analyzed, and the rate of consumption of substrate by A. niger was noted. The main purpose of this work was to find the optimal conditions of agitation and aeration for the growth of A. niger and production of gluconic acid in submerged culture in a batch fermentor at a bench-top scale. The oxygen-transfer rates at different agitation and aeration rates were calculated. The gluconic acid concentration and rate of growth of A. niger increased with increase in the agitation and aeration rates.
Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulates cis-Aconitase Activity in Lens Epithelial Cells

Heme oxygenase-1 is the heme catabolic enzyme induced in human dermal fibroblasts by environmental stress. We report an increase of heme oxygenase-1 message in lens epithelial cells after exposure to UVA radiation, followed by a 10-fold increase of protein expression. The size of message was larger than previously demonstrated for fibroblasts. The relationship between heme oxygenase-1 activation and iron metabolism was investigated by measurement of activities of both cytosolic and mitochondrial cis-aconitase enzymes. A 2-fold increase in mitochondrial cis-aconitase activity in UVA-exposed cells coincided with the time of maximal heme oxygenase-1 expression. We propose that modulation of cis-aconitase activity at the translational level by an increase of cellular iron is an important consequence of heme oxygenase-1 activation. This might be a novel aspect of the protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in modulating the response of cells challenged with oxidative stress.
Structural characterization of synthetic and protein-bound porphyrins in terms of the lowest-frequency normal coordinates of the macrocycle

The X-ray crystal structures of synthetic and protein-bound metalloporphyrins are analyzed using a new normal structural decomposition method for classifying and quantifying their out-of-plane and in-plane distortions. These distortions are characterized in terms of equivalent displacements along the normal coordinates of the D4h-symmetric porphyrin macrocycle (normal deformations) by using a computational procedure developed for this purpose. Often it turns out that the macrocyclic structure is, even in highly distorted porphyrins, accurately represented by displacements along only the lowest-frequency normal coordinates. Accordingly, the macrocyclic structure obtained from just the out-of-plane normal deformations of the saddling (sad, B2u)-, ruffling (ruf, B1u)-, doming (dom, A2u)-, waving [wav(x), wav(y); Eg]-, and propellering (pro, A1u)-type essentially simulates the out-of-plane distortion of the X-ray crystal structure. Similarly, the observed in-plane distortions are decomposed into in-plane norm...
Capillary electrophoresis of fluoresceinethylenediamine-5'-deoxynucleotides

Abstract Fluorescein-ethylenediamine conjugates of the four major deoxynucleoside-5′-monophosphates were subjected to capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence detection. Control of pH was an important parameter controlling resolution, as anticipated. For example, the four conjugates were resolved at pH 10.4, but negligibly at pH 8.7. Apparently secondary effects on solute migration such as conformation or solvation play a role, since the larger conjugate of adenine migrated faster than that of cytosine at pH 10.4, where each has the same charge. Further, the guanine and thymine conjugates, in spite of their different size, co-migrated at pH 11.5. The method promises to be useful for the detection of DNA adducts.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti-sea nettle venom antibodies.

A micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect serum antibodies to sea nettle venom. This sensitive assay is useful for monitoring specific immunological response in envenomated patients or in immunized animals.
Outpatient rapid 4-step desensitization for gynecologic oncology patients with mild to low-risk, moderate hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin/cisplatin

Abstract Objective The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of an outpatient, 4-step, one-solution desensitization protocol in gynecologic oncology patients with history of mild to low-risk, moderate hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to platinums (carboplatin and cisplatin). Methods This was a single institutional retrospective review. Gynecologic oncology patients with a documented history of mild or low-risk, moderate immediate HSRs to carboplatin/cisplatin and continued treatment with 4-step, one-solution desensitization protocols in the outpatient infusion center were included. Patients with delayed HSRs or immediate high-risk, moderate or severe HSRs were excluded. The primary end point was the rate of successful administrations of each course of platinums. Results From January 2011 to June 2013, eighteen eligible patients were evaluated for outpatient 4-step, one-solution desensitization. Thirteen patients had a history of HSRs to carboplatin and 5 with HSRs to cisplatin. All of 18 patients successfully completed 94 (98.9%) of 95 desensitization courses in the outpatient infusion center. Eight of 8 (100%) patients with initial mild HSRs completed 29/29 (100%) desensitization courses, and 9 of 10 (90%) of patients with initial moderate HSRs completed 65/66 (94%) desensitization courses. In total, 65/95 (68%) desensitizations resulted in no breakthrough reactions, and mild, moderate and severe breakthrough reactions were seen in 19%, 12% and 1% desensitizations, respectively. No patients were hospitalized during desensitization. Conclusions The outpatient rapid, 4-step, one-solution desensitization protocol was effective and appeared safe among gynecologic oncology patients who experienced mild to low-risk, moderate HSRs to carboplatin/cisplatin.
“Quantum” resonances of the coupled phonon-plasmon dispersion relation in high magnetic field

Abstract “Quantum” resonances for longitudinal phonon propagation are reported here for propagation off the magnetic field direction in the quantum strong field limit ( h ω c > E F ). The distinction between these “quantum” resonances and the resonances recently reported by Chock and Lee is examined.
The dardarin G2019S mutation is a common cause of Parkinson's disease but not other neurodegenerative diseases

Mutations in the leucine-rich kinase 2 gene (LRRK 2) encoding dardarin, on chromosome 12, are a common cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. The most common mutation, a heterozygous 6055 G>A transition (G 2019 S) accounts for approximately 3--10% of familial Parkinson's disease and 1--8% sporadic Parkinson's disease in several European-derived populations. Some families with disease caused by LRRK 2 mutations have been reported to include patients with highly variable clinical and pathological features. We screened for the most common LRRK 2 mutation in a series of patients with Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's disease, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Multiple System Atrophy and frontotemporal dementia, as well as in neurologically normal controls. The mutation was found only in Parkinson's disease patients or their relatives and not in those with other neurodegenerative disease.
Endothelial barrier disruption by VEGF-mediated Src activity potentiates tumor cell extravasation and metastasis

VEGF is unique among angiogenic growth factors because it disrupts endothelial barrier function. Therefore, we considered whether this property of VEGF might contribute to tumor cell extravasation and metastasis. To test this, mice lacking the Src family kinases Src or Yes, which maintain endothelial barrier function in the presence of VEGF, were injected intravenously with VEGF-expressing tumor cells. We found a dramatic reduction in tumor cell extravasation in lungs or livers of mice lacking Src or Yes. At the molecular level, VEGF compromises the endothelial barrier by disrupting a VE-cadherin-beta-catenin complex in lung endothelium from wild-type, but not Yes-deficient, mice. Disrupting the endothelial barrier directly with anti-VE-cadherin both amplifies metastasis in normal mice and overcomes the genetic resistance in Yes-deficient mice. Pharmacological blockade of VEGF, VEGFR-2, or Src stabilizes endothelial barrier function and suppresses tumor cell extravasation in vivo. Therefore, disrupting Src signaling preserves host endothelial barrier function providing a novel host-targeted approach to control metastatic disease.
Estimators of Coefficient of Variation Using k Samples

Let β = σi/μi, i = 1, 2, …, k. Assume k random samples of size n are taken from N(μi, β2μ2 i). Let P(b i < 0 | β) ≃ 0 where b i = s i/;. Four different estimators of β are compared by means of simulation studies for values of β between .00l and .50 where k = 2, 5, 10 and n = 5, 10 and 15.
Morphologic characteristics of adsorbed human plasma proteins on vascular grafts and biomaterials

Abstract Protein adsorption on the surfaces of clinically significant prosthetic vascular graft materials from human whole blood was independent of plasma concentration as determined morphologically by use of immunogold labels. Some proteins, such as fibrinogen, adsorbed in a multilayer pattern on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and had a preference for particular surface features of the polymer. Other proteins, such as Hageman factor (factor XII), showed diffuse adsorption patterns. Physiologically significant proteins that have not been well studied, such as immunoglobulin G and factor VIII, adsorbed readily to the surface of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. This finding may be significant since adsorbed proteins may activate coagulation mechanisms and immunologic responses, including platelet and monocyte adhesion and activation. Any human blood protein for which an antibody has been developed can be studied by use of this technique. (J VASC SURG 1990;11:599-606.)
A classical molecular approach to computer simulation of biological sorting

Steinberg's theory of sorting is modified by replacing the free energy minimization principle with dynamical equations of a molecular nature. Correct cellular sorting then follows in all cases where the mixture is in a liquid or a near-liquid state. Computer examples are described and discussed, primarily for two dimensional, but also for three dimensional, interactions.
Role of selectins in the intestinal epithelial migration of eosinophils.

Understanding the mechanisms by which eosinophils migrate into and across the intestinal epithelium can provide alternative therapeutic targets for conditions characterized by eosinophilic cryptitis and crypt abscesses. Eosinophil migration is dependent on adhesion molecules such as selectins. Human eosinophils express L-selectin and P-selectin counterligand P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). The tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx (sLex) binds to all three selectins, so compounds that mimic sLex, such as TBC1269, are potential antagonists. We hypothesized that eosinophils migrate from the basolateral to the apical surface of intestinal epithelium through the orchestrated effects of selectins. TBC1269 was added to fluorescently labeled HL-60 clone 15 eosinophils as well as human blood eosinophils, in incremental amounts. Subsequently, blocking antibodies toward L-selectin and PSGL-1 were used in a similar manner. HL-60 eosinophils were allowed to migrate into T-84 monolayers. The number of migrated HL-60 cells was calculated by comparing fluorescence with known cell densities. HL-60 and human eosinophils that were undergoing migration were significantly lower in the presence of TBC1269. This effect was concentration dependent, and near complete inhibition of migration was seen at a TBC1269 concentration of 10 mg/mL. In addition, HL-60 eosinophil migration was significantly lower in the presence of the blocking antibodies to PSGL-1 and L-selectin (39.2 and 51.6% inhibition, respectively). Simultaneous blocking of PSGL-1 and L-selectin resulted in inhibition of 76.0% of the migration. The results of this study suggest a major role for selectins in the intestinal epithelial migration of differentiated eosinophils. sLex, L-selectin, and the P-selectin counterligand PSGL-1 can be potential therapeutic targets.
Enclosures abound: Black cultural autonomy, prison regime and public education

Since slavery, attempted enclosures upon Black spaces of cultural production and autonomy (i.e. music, language, art) have manifested in various forms. In the context of the post‐industrial terrain of urban southern California, the formation of the prison is the dominant model of forced enclosure in the lives of Black people. Moving beyond the physical site of the prison, the conception of the prison regime is utilized to connect how racialized processes emanating from public education are informed by the formation/maintenance of the prison system. In particular, this article addresses the cultural assertions of Blackness made by Black students and how the corresponding attempted enclosure of Black cultural autonomy by the school is undergirded by a history of violence against Black spaces of cultural autonomy. Ethnographic research for this article was conducted at Southeast County High School (SCHS).
Differential localization of SCG10 and p19/stathmin messenger RNAs in adult rat brain indicates distinct roles for these growth-associated proteins.

Abstract SCG10 is a developmentally regulated, growth-associated protein (GAP) that was isolated as a neuronal marker of the neural crest. It was recently found that SCG10 shares an amino acid sequence similarity with a phosphoprotein named stathmin or p19 of which phosphorylation is induced by nerve growth factor and vasoactive intestinal peptide in PC 12 cells and striatal neurons, respectively. While expression of SCG10 messenger RNA dramatically decreases during postnatal development, significant levels of expression still persist into adulthood. To examine possible roles of SCG10 in the adult brain, we examined the distribution of messenger RNAs encoding SCG 10 and p19/stathmin as well as GAP-43 in adult rat brain sections by northern blot, RNase protection and in situ hybridization. SCG10 transcripts are found at high levels in long-distance projecting neurons and neurons with extensive dendritic arbors, while p19/stathmin messenger RNA was weakly distributed over most brain areas. Both messenger RNAs are expressed in neuronal subpopulations but not in glia, although the overall distribution of the transcripts of these two structurally related genes is distinct. The spatial and temporal expression profiles of SCG10 messenger RNA is comparable to that of GAP-43, another neuronal GAP, in the developing nervous system, however the expression of SCG10 messenger RNA in the adult brain is distinct from that of GAP-43, especially in the hippocampus and brain stem, where the dentate granule cells and sensory and motor neurons of brainstem express SCG10 but not GAP-43. These results suggest that SCG10 may have a unique role in the neuronal growth-response of subsets of mature neurons, and that SCG10 plays a stathmin-like function at nerve terminals, to which it may be rapidly transported by means of membrane attachment due to a hydrophobic domain present in SCG10 but not in p19/stathmin. This suggests that SCG10 may play a role in structural plasticity in the adult brain.
Micro/mainframe communications—the transition stage

Colleges and the business industry have been experiencing a turmoil in the communication arena. We have gone from just trying to get a variety of microcomputers to talk to our mainframes, to file transfer with error detection from a wide variety of micros and minis to a variety of mainframes.The problem we have to deal with is the large number of different computers, both micro and mainframe, and how best to support them. Ideally we need to have an integrated system that treats all computers as a resource of computing power, and a network that routes jobs to those resources depending on the requirements of the job and workload on specific machines.In this paper I would like to present how the Instruction and Research Computer Center at The Ohio State University have progressed along the communication lines, and some of the problems we have encountered. In addition, I would like to present some things that User Services needs to be looking at in terms of future communications requests, and how we can prepare ourselves to meet them.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma for the detection of head and neck cancer

The plasma of 15 normal volunteers, four patients with benign head and neck disease, and 12 patients with biopsy proven head and neck malignancies were evaluated using water-suppressed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. While the mean full width at half height (HHLW) of the NMR spectra showed a significant difference between groups (P < .05), the predictive value of a positive test was only 57% the sensitivity was only 33%, and individual values in all groups demonstrated considerable overlap. The mean HHLW of the control group was 38.5 Hz ± 3.5 compared with 35.2 Hz ± 4.7 for the cancer group and 35.0 Hz ± 10 for the benign disease group. This method was not able to distinguish patients with malignancy from those with benign disease or controls. Its use as a specific screening method for head and neck malignancy cannot be recommended.
An Energy Harvesting System using 3-stage voltage multiplier and MPVD Charge Pump for wireless sensor networks

Power management and charging of batteries for wireless sensors becomes a problem when using them in field applications. We propose a Wireless Energy Harvesting System which can be used to charge the batteries of the sensors whenever required. We are able to harvest energy from a RF source, which is mostly a Master Transceiver Unit, with input power as low as -9dBm. Also the Energy Harvester can be used to charge batteries when the input power is as low as -27dBm. Also the power management part of the system includes a Charge Pump which can handle large variation in load conditions. This charge pump can be used not only to boost the battery voltage but also to provide a regulated output independent of load conditions. Link variations can be an issue in a Wireless Sensors Network but our system introduces a low power data acquisition system that helps us monitor the link. Adjustments can be made accordingly for maximum energy transfer to take place between the TX and RX coils.
Controlling Phase Growth During Solidification by Nanoparticles

Controlling phase growth during solidification is essential to obtain desirable structures and properties in metallic materials by casting. However, only limited ways are available for controlling the growth of phases during solidification. Here, we report a general approach to control the growth of phase domains during solidification by adsorption of nanoparticles on the growing interface. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in an Sn–Al alloy. With nanoparticle-enabled growth control, the size of the primary Al phase is reduced substantially and the dendrite growth is restricted. This work potentially provides an effective way to control the structure of alloys during solidification.
Vessel-bearing stems of ASOVINEA TIANIIgen. et sp. nov. (Gigantopteridales) from theUpper Permian of Guizhou Province, China

Permineralized gigantopterid stems of Vasovinea tianii Li et Taylor gen. et sp. nov. were collected from the Upper Permian of Guizhou Province, China. They are slender and bear prickles, trichomes, and compound hooks. Internally, the stems have a sparganum cortex, eustele, and secondary xylem. The mesarch protoxylem tracheids have annular to helical thickenings, and metaxylem tracheary elements have scalariform and/or transversely elongated, bordered pits, while those of the secondary xylem have scalariform to circular bordered pits. Importantly, the inner part of the secondary xylem has large vessel elements with foraminate-like perforation plates. The hooks and other morphological and anatomical characteristics are similar to those found in gigantopterids, suggesting that Vasovinea is a member of the Gigantopteridales. The vegetative plant is reconstructed from permineralized stems and Gigantopteris-type leaves based on the anatomical similarities and intimate association. The eustele, secondary xylem, and other features support the placement of the order among the seed plants. Ecologically, Vasovinea is suggested to have been a vine or liana that used compound hooks to climb among the trees in a Permian tropical rain forest. The occurrence of vessels could have been an efficient adaptation to allow the slender stems to conduct sufficient water to the large Gigantopteris-type leaves.
A FAIR study of motor cortex activation under normo- and hypercapnia induced by breath challenge.

In this study an arterial spin-tagging technique based on flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) with single-shot spiral data acquisition was used to study how the basal cerebral blood flow (CBF) elevated by breath holding affects the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response to focal brain activation in the motor cortex. Six subjects were examined using three types of activation studies. These were (a) bilateral finger tapping paced at 4 Hz under normal breathing, (b) repeated expiration breath holding of 30 s, and (c) simultaneous breath holding and finger tapping. It was found that in five of six subjects the prevailing CBF level adjusted by breath challenge and the increase in rCBF in motor cortex associated with bilateral finger tapping were completely additive. This finding from FAIR-based functional magnetic resonance imaging is in accordance with that reported from published positron emission tomography studies. The results indicate that in the majority of the subjects examined the regulatory mechanisms for vasodilatory reaction to CO(2) and rCBF response to neural activation in motor cortex region are independent.
The deleterious effect of aluminium in Fe-B-Si-C amorphous ribbon

Abstract Adding aluminium to the change in amounts that could be introduced from carbon-reduced ferroboron can be extremely detrimental to the magnetic properties of amorphous ribbons. The degradation is attributed to the presence of a thin layer of crystalline material on the top surface of the as-cast ribbon, which produces a biaxial compressive stress in the bulk of the ribbon.
Integrating psychiatric PharmD services into an emergency department psychiatry team

Typical services for psychiatric pharmacists include inpatient psychiatry units and outpatient psychiatry clinics. An increasingly common portal of entry to psychiatric hospitals, however, is the emergency department (ED). We describe a new clinical pharmacy service for psychiatric patients in the ED at our institution.
The principle of correspondence between elastic and piezoelectric problems

A correspondence principle is established between elastic and piezoelectric problems for transversely isotropic materials, in such a way that the knowledge of an elastic solution yields fully coupled electro–elastic fields for the corresponding piezoelectric problem, provided the elastic solution is written in a certain form. The implementation of this principle is illustrated by constructing, in a routine way, several piezoelectric solutions involving crack and punch problems (one of them has not been solved previously).
The Adjustment of the Multivibrator for Frequency Division

In a multivibrator controlled by a voltage of another frequency bearing a harmonic relationship to the multivibrator frequency, the effect of varying the control voltage is analyzed, and a method for determining the best value of this voltage is described. Methods of coupling the control voltage are shown in which frequency division by an odd integer will occur more readily than by an even integer, and vice versa.
People detection in low resolution infrared videos

In this paper we present a method for detecting people in low resolution infrared videos. We further explore the feature set based on histogram of gradients beyond the well received HOG descriptors. Our approach is based on extracting gradient histograms from recursively generated patches and subsequently computing histogram ratios between the patches. Each set of patches is defined in terms of relative position within the search window, and each set is then recursively applied to extract smaller patches. The histogram of gradient ratios between patches become the feature vector. We adopted a linear SVM classifier as it provides a fast and effective framework for feature descriptor processing with minimal parameter tuning. Experimental results are presented on various OTCBVS datasets.
Sonographic Evaluation of Mobile Echogenicities Within the Epididymis

Current ultrasound systems have significantly improved spatial and temporal resolution secondary to increased transducer frequencies, increased bandwidth, and complex signal processing such as harmonics and compound scanning. The case presented describes the differential diagnoses of small, linear, mobile echogenic foci visualized by sonography in the left epididymal tail. Differentiation of moving parasites associated with filariasis versus mobile sperm may become more difficult as the resolution of ultrasound equipment continues to improve.
Interactive effects of soil nitrogen and atmospheric carbon dioxide on root/rhizosphere carbon dioxide efflux from loblolly and ponderosa pine seedlings

We measured CO2 efflux from intact root/rhizosphere systems of 155 day old loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) pine seedlings in order to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the below-ground carbon balance of coniferous tree seedlings. Seedlings were grown in sterilized sand culture, watered daily with either 1, 3.5 or 7 mt M NH 4 + , and maintained in an atmosphere of either 35 or 70 Pa CO2. Carbon dioxide efflux (μmol CO2 plant−1 s−1) from the root/rhizosphere system of both species significantly increased when seedlings were grown in elevated CO2, primarily due to large increases in root mass. Specific CO2 efflux (μmol CO2 g root−1 s−1) responded to CO2 only under conditions of adequate soil nitrogen availability (3.5 mt M). Under these conditions, CO2 efflux rates from loblolly pine increased 70% from 0.0089 to 0.0151 μmol g−1 s−1 with elevated CO2 while ponderosa pine responded with a 59% decrease, from 0.0187 to 0.0077 μmol g−1 s−1. Although below ground CO2 efflux from seedlings grown in either sub-optimal (1 mt M) or supra-optimal (7 mt M) nitrogen availability did not respond to CO2, there was a significant nitrogen treatment effect. Seedlings grown in supra-optimal soil nitrogen had significantly increased specific CO2 efflux rates, and significantly lower total biomass compared to either of the other two nitrogen treatments. These results indicate that carbon losses from the root/rhizosphere systems are responsive to environmental resource availability, that the magnitude and direction of these responses are species dependent, and may lead to significantly different effects on whole plant carbon balance of these two forest tree species.
Novel amphiphilic triblocks fitted with photocrosslinkable termini, and their photocrosslinking to conetworks†

Two new telechelic amphiphilic triblock copolymers, HE3-PEG-b-PDMS-b-PEG-HE3 and HE3-PEG-b-PDMS-b-PEG-HE3, i.e., sequence-reversed triblocks of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) segments fitted with photocrosslinkable tri[2-(3,4-cyclohexane oxide)ethyl-dimethylsiloxy]silane (HE3) termini, were synthesized, characterized, photocrosslinked to amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs), and the properties of the APCNs were analyzed. APCNs in which the crosslinking sites are located in the hydrophobic domains exhibited significantly better mechanical properties than those in which the crosslinks were in the hydrophilic domains. The stiff domains formed of the UV-crosslinkable HE3 chain-end substituents provide not only crosslinking but reinforcement as well. The crosslinking/reinforcement efficiency was greatly enhanced by the addition of excess HE3. Water-swollen APCNs were optically clear and exhibited mechanical properties appropriate for biomedical application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 174–185, 2008
JUVENILE HORMONE AS A MEDIATOR OF PLASTICITY IN INSECT LIFE HISTORIES

Insects display much variation in life histories mediated by juvenile hormone. We focus on the contribution of JH to variations in migratory life histories. In many migrants such as the large milkweed bug and the monarch butterfly, JH directly influences migratory flight and the relation between flight and reproduction (oogenesis-flight syndrome). In the true armyworm, JH regulates interactions among female calling, pheromone production, ovarian development, and migration with varying blends of structurally related forms of JH and JH acid. A role for JH also occurs in wing polymorphisms. Aphids regulate wing production via JH-mediated maternal effects; and in crickets, JH esterase modulates the JH influence on wing form. In addition, JH is implicated in wing muscle histolysis. The comprehensive Fairbairn model for JH regulation of wing polymorphisms in flight behavior predicts that JH action will depend on the mode of genetic control, whether single locus or polygenic. Our own studies of the soapberry bug, Jadera haematoloma, reveal a four-morph wing polymorphism in a species rapidly evolving on a new host plant. There are long- and short-winged forms, and the long-winged form displays three degrees of flight muscle histolysis. The polymorphism is subject to both genetic and environmental variations that are mediated by JH. Application of methoprene increases the frequency of the short-winged forms, but there is both within- and between-population genetic variation and genotype by environment interaction (plasticity) in the response to JH. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 35:359–373, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CD28 co-stimulatory regimes differ in their dependence on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: common co-signals induced by CD80 and CD86

CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) ligation of CD28 provide co-stimulatory signals required for optimal lymphokine production in response to TCR zeta-CD3 ligation. CD28 binds to several intracellular proteins including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pl3-kinase), the tyrosine kinase ITK and the growth factor receptor-bound protein/Son of Sevenless (GRB-2/SOS) complex. Previously, we showed that TCR zeta-CD3 and CD28 co-stimulation required Pl3-kinase binding to the pYMNM motif of the cytoplasmic domain of the co-receptor. In this study, we have investigated whether CD28-associated Pl3-kinase is required for CD80 and CD86 co-stimulation, as well as in co-signaling that involves different primary signals (i.e. TCR zeta-CD3 versus phorbol ester/lonomycin). In the presence of anti-CD3, ligation of CD28 by both CD80 and CD86 was found to induce Pl3-kinase recruitment and IL-2 production. Furthermore, mutations at Y-191 and M-194 within the pYMNM motif blocked the ability of both ligands to induce IL-2. CD80 and CD86 therefore share a common signaling pathway leading to IL-2 production. By contrast, CD28 mediated co-stimulation involving receptor ligation plus phorbol ester/lonomycin induced IL-2 independent of Pl3-kinase binding to CD28. These data indicate that TCR zeta-CD3-dependent CD80 and CD86 co-signaling requires Pl3-kinase binding to the CD28pYMNM motif, while phorbol ester and lonomycin can bypass this requirement in CD28 co-stimulation.
Infusion of iron into the rat substantia nigra: nigral pathology and dose-dependent loss of striatal dopaminergic markers.

Iron has recently been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) because of the finding of increased iron levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) above those of control patients. Iron is capable of catalyzing numerous reactions which could lead to free radical formation and oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, lipid membranes, and other biological molecules. Neurodegeneration in the SNc of the PD brain may be a consequence of increased iron, which promotes these cytotoxic reactions. To test whether excess iron could play a causative role in the degeneration of nigral neurons, we infused 1.25–6.3 mnol of iron into the rat substantia nigra (SN) unilaterally utilizing two different infusion protocols. All infusates were isosmotic and pH-balanced in a citrate-bicarbonate vehicle. Animals were decapitated at either 1 or 2 months postinfusion. Striatal tissue was assayed for biogenic amines by HPLC and the remaining brainstem was processed for histological analysis. Ironstained coronal sections revealed (1) no left/right staining difference with vehicle infusion, (2) a dose-dependent iron accumulation in the infused SN that was restricted to the zona compacta and dorsal-most zona reticularis when the lowest iron concentration was infused, and (3) a dose-dependent reduction in SN volume. Thionine-stained sections revealed neuronal loss and accompanying reactive gliosis within an area that corresponded closely to that of increased iron staining. These degenerative changes were more extensive in animals infused via a side-by side vs. a sequential protocol. Neurochemically, there was a highly significant correlation between the amount of iron infused intranigrally and magnitude of reductions in striatal DA, DOPAC, and HVA within the ipsilateral striatum. These data indicate that iron infusion into the SN can cause degenerative changes within the SN and that these changes can be restricted to the SNc region when low amounts of iron are infused. The data further support the hypothesis that iron-induced degeneration may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism driving morphogenesis

Apical constriction is a cell shape change that promotes tissue remodeling in a variety of homeostatic and developmental contexts, including gastrulation in many organisms and neural tube formation in vertebrates. In recent years, progress has been made towards understanding how the distinct cell biological processes that together drive apical constriction are coordinated. These processes include the contraction of actin-myosin networks, which generates force, and the attachment of actin networks to cell-cell junctions, which allows forces to be transmitted between cells. Different cell types regulate contractility and adhesion in unique ways, resulting in apical constriction with varying dynamics and subcellular organizations, as well as a variety of resulting tissue shape changes. Understanding both the common themes and the variations in apical constriction mechanisms promises to provide insight into the mechanics that underlie tissue morphogenesis.