cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Thin Sections for Fourier Transform-Infrared Microscopy: a New Embedding Medium for Cellulosic Samples

Fourier Transform-Infrared [FT-IR] microscopy is a combination of instrumentation from which information can be derived about the structure and composition of materials; however, it presents unique problems for sample preparation. Traditional methods of preparing fiber cross sections employ embedding media such as methacrylates, epoxides and polyvinyl alcohols, all of which have groups in common with the cellulose molecule, and absorb in the same regions of the IR spectrum. Therefore, a new embedding method employing polystyrene has been developed for the preparation of cross and longitudinal sections of cellulosic fibers. Although polystyrene is a strong IR absorbing material, it can be completely removed from specimens prior to analysis. In addition, FT-IR spectra of cross sections have better resolution than conventional preparation methods employing ground samples prepared in a KBr disk.
Radical nephrectomy using a chevron incision to treat complicated renal carcinoma: a report of 15 cases

OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcome and indications for radical nephrectomy with a Chevron incision to treat complicated renal carcinoma. METHODS Large renal carcinomas were found in 15 patients during a preoperative CT and/or MRI examination. A tumor thrombus in the renal vein or inferior vena cava was found in 5 cases, and a complication of metastasis in the contralateral adrenal gland was found in 2 patients. All of the 15 patients underwent a radical nephrectomy by a chevron incision and the postoperative pathological results noted. RESULTS Of the 15 patients who underwent a radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy, 5 also received a thrombectomy, and 2 a contralateral adrenalectomy. All surgical operations were safe and successful. The mean operation time was (4.45 ± 0.83) h, and the intraoperative blood loss was (785 ± 910) ml. All patients recovered well after the surgery. Multimodal therapy was conducted in these cases, with rigorous follow-up. CONCLUSION In determining the type of incision for surgery of renal carcinoma, a chevron incision is suitable for cases with a large tumor, local nodal metastasis, thrombus of the renal vein or inferior vena cava and complicated metastasis to the contralateral adrenal gland. The incision produces a clear operating field with less intra- and post-operative complications.
Cloning and functional identification of novel endothelin receptor type A isoforms in pituitary.

Mammalian endothelin (ET) receptors, termed ETAR and ETBR, are derived from two intron-containing genes and the functional splice variants of ETBR but not ETAR have been identified. Here, we report about the isolation of cDNAs of ETAR transcripts from rat anterior pituitary, which are generated by alternative RNA splicing. Deletion of exon 2 and insertion of fragments from intron 1 and 2 accounted for formation of three misplaced proteins, whereas the insertion of a fragment from intron 6 resulted in generation of a functional plasma membrane receptor, termed ETAR-C13. In this splice variant, the C-terminal 382S-426N sequence of ETAR was substituted with a shorter 382A-399L sequence, resulting in alteration of the putative domains responsible for coupling to Gq/11 and Gs proteins and the endocytotic recycling, as well as in deletion of the predicted protein kinase C/casein kinase 2 phosphorylation sites. The mRNA transcripts for ETAR-C13 were identified in normal and immortalized pituitary cells and sever...
Nonlinear transient thermo-elastic analysis of TFTR protective plate assembly

Abstract A fully coupled transient analysis of a nonlinear thermo-elastic solid via the generalized finite element method is presented. Green and Lindsay's dynamic thermo-elastic equations are adopted since they allow for the so-called “second-sound” effects and reduce to classical equations by the appropriate choice of the parameters. Both convective and radiative boundary conditions are considered. Time integration of the resulting nonlinear semi-discrete finite element equations is performed by using an implicit/explicit predictor/multi-corrector scheme. Then a protective plate assembly in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is modeled and numerical results are presented.
Hemodynamics of human arterial stenoses.

Abstract We assessed the hemodynamic and geometric changes in compliant, human arterial stenoses in response to manipulation of vascular tone, perfusion pressure and distal resistance. Coronary and popliteal arteries were harvested from human cadavers shortly after death. Following incubation for several hours to permit recovery of physiologic energy stores and ion gradients, the vessels were attached to a perfusion apparatus and perfusion pressure (PP), distal pressure (DP), and flow (F) were recorded as perfusion pressure and distal resistance (DR) were varied. The experiments were then repeated in the presence of a vasoconstrictor (100 mM KCl). Orthogonal arteriograms were performed at maximums of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Stenotic resistance (SR) was calculated as (PP-DP)F. Minimum cross-sectional area was determined by computer assisted analysis of the arteriograms. Stenosed vessels with normal wall segments at the stenosis responded to vasoconstriction with a large stenotic resistance increase (111 ± 15%; P P P These results confirm the existence of dynamic arterial stenoses in humans and further support the assertion that dynamic stenotic severity changes elicited by manipulation of proximal and distal vascular tone and pressure are of sufficient magnitude to create acute ischemia. This information may apply to clinical situations in which compliant stenoses and acute ischemia coexist.
A series solution of the volume integral equation for multiple-inclusion interaction problems

Abstract A modification of the volume integral equation (VIE) method is proposed for the solution of elastostatic 2-D problems in unbounded solids containing interacting multiple fibers. The efficiency of the VIE method developed by Lee and Mal (Lee, J., Mal, A. A volume integral equation technique for multiple inclusion and crack interaction problems. Journal of Applied Mechanics – Transactions of ASME 1997;64:23–31) where a weakly singular integral equation is involved has been improved by the use of a modification in the spirit of a subtraction technique for a single inclusion. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are examined through comparison with results obtained from finite element analysis.
Maximum entropy method for frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime analysis. 2. Timing, mismatched intensity, and reference lifetime errors.

The maximum entropy method (MEM) provides a robust and unbiased solution to fluorescence lifetime data through the use of a broad window of decay terms fit by simultaneous minimization of the χ2 goodness-of-fit parameter and maximization of a statistical entropy function. This work investigated the effects of three systematic errors, common in frequency-domain measurements, on fluorescence lifetime recovery by MEM. Through real and simulated data, the expression of the systematic errors in lifetime distributions recovered by MEM was compared to that in standard nonlinear least-squares (NLLS) analysis. Reference lifetime errors in the presence of random noise had similar effects on both MEM and NLLS results. Characteristic changes in the recovered lifetimes, fractional intensities, and peak shapes were related to the identification of the true reference lifetime. Compared to NLLS, MEM afforded significant improvements for the recovery of lifetimes and fractional intensities from data containing timing or m...
Monolithically Integrated Atomic Vapor Cell for Quantum Optics on a Chip

We report the first monolithically integrated rubidium vapor cell on a chip. Hollow-core ARROW waveguides are used to create cell volumes of 500 picoliters and mode areas of 30µm 2 - ideal for low-level nonlinear optics.
Radioenzymatic determination of phenylpropanolamine in plasma

We modified a norepinephrine radioenzymatic method (C. R. Lake, M. G. Ziegler, and I. J. Kopin, 1976, Life Sci. 18, 1315-1326) for determination of plasma phenylpropanolamine (PPA) concentrations. PPA is converted to N[methyl-3H]ephedrine ([3H]EPD) by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and S-[methyl-3H]adenosyl-L-methionine ([3H]AdoMet). The product, [3H]EPD, is isolated from unreacted [3H]AdoMet and labeled side products by an organic extraction and a TLC procedure. In addition, a preincubation organic extraction procedure is included to remove inhibitors of PNMT from plasma and to concentrate the sample for enhanced enzymatic conversion. In order to accurately quantitate PPA across the wide range of possible concentrations, the assay is conducted at two plasma volumes. PPA concentrations between 0.3 and 50 micrograms/liter can be detected with 1 ml of plasma, while concentrations between 4 and 1500 micrograms/liter can be detected with 0.1 ml of plasma. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) are 9.3 and 5.7% at 0.5 and 1500 micrograms/liter, respectively, while the mean interassay CV is 13.8%.
Comment on “The swimming of animalcules” [Phys. Fluids 18, 063101 (2006)]

In a recent paper, Felderhof 1 developed a simplified model of swimming beads subject to one-body forces and held together by two-body forces. One important conclusion the author draws from the analysis is that a two-bead system, where beads do not rotate or change their size, is incapable of swimming. The goal of this Comment is to demonstrate that this statement is erroneous. An example of a two-bead model system that swims while satisfying conditions imposed by Felderhof is provided here to illustrate the error. Felderhof’s notation is employed here for the sake of continuity of exposition. In the case of two beads, the model system is described by equations u1 = 1K 1 + T rK 2, u2 = T rK 1 + 2K 2,
Hummingbird health: pathogens and disease conditions in the family Trochilidae

The hummingbird family (Trochilidae) is species rich; however the effects of infectious agents and diseases on these birds have received little attention. We compiled and summarized published findings describing disease conditions in hummingbirds in order to provide a comprehensive overview of existing data to assist management and conservation of captive and free-ranging hummingbird populations. Few pathogens and disease syndromes have been described. There is a lack of information on clinical signs, pathology and epidemiology and their variation across species for most disease syndromes. Consequently, there is not enough information to determine the impact of diseases in hummingbird populations, including those of conservation concern. Several physiological, behavioral and ecological characteristics render hummingbirds as an interesting species for the study of wildlife disease ecology. Additionally, feeding ecology with prodigious diets of insects and nectar support consideration as “environmental samplers”; hummingbirds will serve as potential sentinels for assessing the environmental impacts of pollutants and pesticides. We conclude that further studies are needed to better understand the role of diseases in hummingbird fitness and survival. In this sense, hummingbird health monitoring programs are fundamental to securing scientific information on normal and abnormal health parameters.
Control of a 30 cm diameter mercury bombardment thruster

Increased thruster performance has made closed-loop automatic control more difficult than previously. Specifically, high perveance optics tend to make reliable recycling more difficult. Control logic functions were established for three automatic modes of operation of a 30-cm thruster using a power conditioner console with flight-like characteristics. The three modes provide (1) automatic startup to reach thermal stability, (2) steady-state closed-loop control, and (3) the reliable recycling of the high voltages following an arc breakdown to reestablish normal operation. Power supply impedance characteristics necessary for stable operation and the effect of the magnetic baffle on the reliable recycling was studied.
Detection and patterns of treatment failure in 300 consecutive cases of “early” endometrial cancer after primary surgery

From November 1977 to July 1987, 300 consecutive patients with endometrial carcinoma clinically confined to the uterine corpus underwent primary surgery consisting of at least abdominal hysterectomy and adnexectomy. Patients with aggressive disease characteristics received postoperative radiotherapy. Forty-seven patients (16%) demonstrated recurrent disease from 2 to 125 (median of 12.8) months after surgery. Forty-seven percent of the recurrences were detected within the first year following surgery and 70% by 2 years after hysterectomy. Of the 47 recurrences, 29 were at distant sites, 16 were within the pelvis, and 2 consisted of both local and distant recurrences. Patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy after hysterectomy were more likely to experience distant, rather than local recurrences. Only 7 of the 148 patients (5%) treated with postoperative radiotherapy recurred in the pelvis. Approximately half of the recurrences were detected in asymptomatic individuals; physical examination and chest X-ray were the most useful means to detect disease in patients without symptoms. The combination of history, physical examination, pap smear, and chest X ray detected all of the recurrences. Actuarial survivals at 12, 24, and 36 months after recurrence were 42, 24, and 17%, respectively. The site of recurrence, time interval of surgery to recurrence, and use of postoperative pelvic radiotherapy were statistically related to patient prognosis. The identification of patients at risk of recurrence and more effective adjuvant therapy need to be developed in order to decrease the frequency of recurrence. In order to substantially improve the survival of patients with recurrent disease, more sensitive methods of detection, as well as more effective salvage therapy, will be required.
Regulation of Golgi function via phosphoinositide lipids

Phosphoinositides play important roles in Golgi traffic and structural integrity. Specific lipid kinases and phosphatases associate with the Golgi complex and regulate the multiplicity of trafficking routes from this organelle. Work in different model systems showed that the basic elements that regulate lipid signaling at the Golgi are conserved from yeast to humans. Many of the enzymes involved in Golgi phosphoinositide metabolism are essential for viability or cause severe human disease when malfunctioning. Phosphoinositide effectors at the Golgi control both non-vesicular transfer of lipids and sorting of secretory and membrane proteins. In addition, Golgi phosphoinositides were recently implicated in the metabolic and cell growth-dependent regulation of the secretory pathway.
Effect of dl-α-difluoromethylornithine on polyamine synthesis and interconversion in Trichomonas vaginalis grown in a semi-defined medium

Growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in a semi-defined medium was inhibited by 5 mM DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, putrescine and cadaverine levels were found to be 90 and 100% reduced, respectively after 120 h exposure, whilst spermidine and spermine levels were unchanged. Putrescine (40 microM) and cadaverine (6 microM) were detected in the spent media from control cultures. Neither of these diamines was detected in spent media from 72 h DFMO-treated cultures. Changes in intracellular levels of amine precursors were also determined by HPLC. There was a transient increase in ornithine to 39 nmol (mg protein)-1 at 48 h in the DFMO-treated cells while it remained undetectable in control cells throughout the experiment. Arginine and citrulline levels remained high, decreasing to control levels only after 72 h. Only spermine (1 mM) rescued DFMO-treated cells, and this is discussed with respect to the presence of a putative spermine-specific oxidase designated by its sensitivity to aminoguanidine. Aerobic incubation of growing (normal) cells with [14C]spermine resulted in the production of an unknown metabolite (19% of total label), whose content was reduced to 5% under anaerobic conditions. Decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine remained undetectable in DFMO-treated cells, and the methylation index (ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine) did not change from the control value of 9.3. Ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, S-adenosylmethionine:L-homocysteine methyltransferase, and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase enzyme activities were detected. However, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase or spermine synthase were not detected. These findings are discussed with reference to the arginine dihydrolase pathway whose end products are putrescine and ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of a series of pyrrole‐1‐acetic acids as potential antiinflammatory agents

A series of 3-substituted 2-amino-4,5-dimethylpyrrole-1-acetic acid derivatives were synthesized. The condensation of acetyl methyl carbinol, ethyl glycinate, and the appropriate acetonitrile yielded ethyl 3-substituted 2-amino-4,5-dimethylpyrrole-1-acetate, which was consequently hydrolyzed to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid. The acetamide and trifluoroacetamide series were synthesized by reacting the ethyl 2-aminopyrrole-1-acetates with acetyl chloride or trifluoroacetic anhydride respectively. The corresponding 2-acetamidopyrrole-1-acetic acids were formed by basic hydrolysis of the ethyl esters.
Comparing the effectiveness of competing tests for reducing colorectal cancer mortality: a network meta-analysis

Background Comparative effectiveness data pertaining to competing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests do not exist but are necessary to guide clinical decision making and policy. Objective To perform a comparative synthesis of clinical outcomes studies evaluating the effects of competing tests on CRC-related mortality. Design Traditional and network meta-analyses. Two reviewers identified studies evaluating the effect of guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS), or colonoscopy on CRC-related mortality. Interventions gFOBT, FS, colonoscopy. Main Outcome Measurements Traditional meta-analysis was performed to produce pooled estimates of the effect of each modality on CRC mortality. Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to indirectly compare the effectiveness of screening modalities. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. Results Traditional meta-analysis revealed that, compared with no intervention, colonoscopy reduced CRC-related mortality by 57% (relative risk [RR] 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.58), whereas FS reduced CRC-related mortality by 40% (RR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45-0.78), and gFOBT reduced CRC-related mortality by 18% (RR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88). NMA demonstrated nonsignificant trends favoring colonoscopy over FS (RR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.45-1.11) and FS over gFOBT (RR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.51-1.09) for reducing CRC-related deaths. NMA-based simulations, however, revealed that colonoscopy has a 94% probability of being the most effective test for reducing CRC mortality and a 99% probability of being most effective when the analysis is restricted to screening studies. Limitations Randomized trials and observational studies were combined within the same analysis. Conclusion Clinical outcomes studies demonstrate that gFOBT, FS, and colonoscopy are all effective in reducing CRC-related mortality. Network meta-analysis suggests that colonoscopy is the most effective test.
The Ontogeny of Postmaturation Resource Allocation in Turtles

AbstractResource-allocation decisions vary with life-history strategy, and growing evidence suggests that long-lived endothermic vertebrates direct resources toward growth and self-maintenance when young, increasing allocation toward reproductive effort over time. Few studies have tracked the ontogeny of resource allocation (energy, steroid hormones, etc.) in long-lived ectothermic vertebrates, limiting our understanding of the generality of life-history strategies among vertebrates. We investigated how reproductively mature female painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) from two distinct age classes allocated resources over a 4-yr period and whether resource-allocation patterns varied with nesting experience. We examined age-related variation in body size, egg mass, reproductive frequency, and yolk steroids and report that younger females were smaller and allocated fewer resources to reproduction than did older females. Testosterone levels were higher in eggs from younger females, whereas eggs from second (sea...
Perceptual isolation therapy: a new experimental approach in the treatment of children using infantile autistic defenses. A preliminary report.

One of the most historically significant papers in child psychiatry was published in 1943 by Leo Kanner. In "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact," Kanner brilliantly detailed a syndrome, which he later called early infantile autism, encompassing the following signs and symptoms: inability to relate themselves in the ordinary way to people and situations-extreme autistic aloneness-failure to assume at any time an anticipatory posture preparatory to being picked up--refusal of food to some degree-an obsessive desire for maintenance of sameness-repetitiously monotonous noises and mo-
A preliminary study of the properties of proteins in some nonaqueous solvents.

Abstract 1. 1. Solubility tests have been performed with 23 protein preparations and sodium deoxyribonucleate in 37 nonaqueous solvents. Most of the proteins were soluble in hydrazine and ethylenediamine, and other successful solvents, in the order of decreasing effectiveness, were propylenediamine, formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, and N -methylacetamide. Insulin and zein were dissolved in 13 and 15 solvents, respectively, with a unique parellelism that suggests some similarity in the structures of the two unrelated proteins. DNA is soluble in hydrazine, ethylene glycol, and formamide. 2. 2. In freshly prepared hydrazine and ethylenediamine solutions, the results of solubility, ultracentrifuge, and viscosity experiments indicate that protein molecules are unfolded and elongated compared to their structures in water solution. In hydrazine, DNA molecules appear to undergo some structural alteration which requires further study. 3. 3. Trypsin dissolves in formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, and retains its enzymatic activity when recovered from these solutions and placed into aqueous media. 4. 4. Osmotic-pressure measurements with insulin in dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide demonstrate that the fundamental covalently bonded unit of the molecule has a molecular weight of about 6000, and therefore contains one A and one B chain.
Pattern formation near onset of a convecting fluid in an annulus.

Numerical simulations of the time-dependent Swift-Hohenberg equation are used to test the predictions of Cross [Phys. Rev. A 25, 1065 (1982)] that Rayleigh-Benard convection in the form of straight rolls or of an array of dislocations may be observed in an annular domain, depending on the values of inner radius r(1), outer radius r(2), reduced Rayleigh number epsilon, and initial states. As r(1) is decreased for a fixed r(2) and for different choices of epsilon and of symmetric and random initial state, we find that there are indeed ranges of these parameters for which the predictions of Cross are qualitatively correct. However, when the radius difference r(2)-r(1) becomes larger than a few roll diameters, a new pattern is observed consisting of stripe domains separated by radially oriented grain boundaries. The relative stabilities of the various patterns are compared by evaluating their Lypunov functional densities.
[3H]Pirenzepine identifies putative M1 muscarinic receptors in human stellate ganglia.

The specific binding of [3H]pirenzepine ([3H]PZ) and [3H](−) quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H](−)QNB) was investigated in homogenates of human stellate ganglia. [3H]PZ saturation isotherms yielded aKd of 14 nM and Bmax of 16.7 fmol/mg protein, while [3H](−)QNB binding curves yielded aKd of 59 pM and Bmax of 33.0 fmol/mg protein. This represents the greatest proportion of high affinity [3H]PZ labeling, relative to [3H](−)QNB, seen in any peripheral tissue examined thus far.
Hydrogen Fluoride vs Deuterium Fluoride Space-Based Laser Performance Comparison

The on-orbit performances of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and deuterium fluoride (DF) lasers are compared. Only free-space propagation, without any atmospheric effects, has been considered in comparing the lethality, or brightness, of the two systems. An arbitrarily chosen set of residual values of wave front error, including both high and low spatial frequencies, and jitter are employed as degradation terms in calculating the brightness. Whereas conventional thinking is that shorter wavelengths are always better, this is not always the case when degradation terms are introduced. It is shown that the brightness of a DF laser beam is not reduced by the canonical factor of 2 from HF, i.e., by the ratio of wavelengths squared, as calculated without the effects of wave front error and jitter, but that it is equal to or greater than that of an HF laser (at equal power and primary mirror diameter) for the chosen set of degradation terms. Atmospheric propagation is presented as a separate issue, completely independent of the brightness, to show the greatly extended flexibility and lethality of DF over HF when engaging a target in the Earth's atmosphere. Also, the nozzle performance of HF and DF lasers are about equal and so their on-orbit volumes are equal and their weights are comparable, although the mode width of DF is about twice as long as that of HF, which reduces the intensity on the resonator optics by a factor of two and reduces the internal diffractive losses by about 30%.
Use of computer-assisted instruction in the prevention of alcohol abuse

Recent critiques of and research with traditional alcohol prevention programs have revealed serious problems. Prevention programs typically increase knowledge and appropriate attitudes about alcohol while having little effect on drinking behavior. In this article several concepts are introduced in support of a technology which has the potential to revitalize alcohol education efforts. First, Bandura's self-efficacy theory offers a direction for re-conceptualizing the design of prevention programs as well as the measurement of their effects. Second, computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs may provide a means for capturing attention, effectively educating about alcohol, and supplementing traditional approaches. One current CAI program is described in detail. Implications for research and practice and obstacles to effective CAI use are also discussed.
Athletic injuries to the elbow, forearm, wrist and hand.

LTHOUGH competitive sports produce more A major injuries to the lower extremity, a sufficient number of injuries to the upper extremity do occur to make a thorough review of their recognition and management worthwhiIe. Furthermore, since most of these injuries involve one of the major joints, such as the elbow or the wrist, inadequate treatment wiI1 often Iead to permanent disability. A number of factors are present which determine the type of injury sustained. Such factors are: the type of game (e.g., footbalI, basebalI, wrestling), experience and conditioning of the players, the type of forces applied to the extremity and the age of the pIayer. Since the vast majority of college athletes are beyond the age of epiphyseal closure, it is obvious that epiphyseal injuries are rarely seen in the colIege group, whereas, they are common in the junior high school and high school group. Baseball produces frequent injuries to the fingers and thumb, while football and wres-
Self reactive repertoire of tight skin mouse : immunochemical and molecular characterization of anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies

Tight skin (TSK) mice develop cutaneous hyperplasia accompanied by histopathological alterations of skin and collagen metabolism similar to those described in human scleroderma. Diffuse scleroderma, the most severe form of progressive systemic sclerosis, is associated with the production of autoantibodies specific for Scleroderma 70 antigen (topoisomerase I). Our studies show that there is an increase in the level of serum anti-topoisomerase I (topo I) autoantibodies in aged TSK mice. The monoclonal antibodies isolated from TSK mice bind to epitopes which interact with autoantibodies from scleroderma patients. A significant number of TSK monoclonal anti-topo I antibodies and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) from aged TSK mice bear a cross reactive idiotype (Id) recognized by a syngeneic monoclonal anti-Id antibody obtained from a 2 month-old TSK mouse. Analysis of V gene usage by monoclonal anti-topo I antibodies showed that the majority of these antibodies are encoded by VH genes derived from VH 5558 family pai...
Surgical complications in patients with Parkinson's disease after posteroventral pallidotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential operative morbidity in posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) for patients with Parkinson s disease. METHODS: We designed a retrospective study that included 796 consecutive patients (mean age, 64.9 yr; male, 559; female, 237) with Parkinson's disease. All PVPs (simultaneous bilateral PVP, n = 272; sequential bilateral PVP, n = 88; unilateral PVP, n = 436) were performed during a 7-year period. The total number of operations was 884, and the number of PVP procedures was 1156. in 108 patients, ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy was performed simultaneously. RESULTS: The overall complication rate, including temporary problems, was 15.3% of 884 operations. Permanent complications occurred in 3.6% of total operations. Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 24 operations (2.7%). In seven of them, the patients required craniotomy and hematoma evacuation and sustained a disabling motor deficit (0.8%). Intracranial hemorrhage occurred more often in patients who underwent microelectrode recording and had a history of chronic hypertension. Hemiparesis without intracranial hematoma occurred in 12 operations (1.4%). Microelectrode recording was a risk factor for postoperative hemiparesis without hemorrhage. In 19 operations (2.1%). patients developed a partial visual field deficit. Speech disturbance after surgery was observed in 23 operations (2.6%) but resolved in 17 by 1 week after surgery. In 55 operations (6.2%), patients developed postoperative confusion. This occurred more often in elderly patients and those with advanced disease. In 17 operations (1.9%), patients required observation in the intensive care unit because of postoperative hypotension. CONCLUSION: Complications from stereotactic pallidotomy were not frequent. However, the residual symptoms from complications can be serious in many cases.
Salt Tectonics And Pliocene Stratigraphic Framework At Mc-118, Gulf Of Mexico: An Integrated Approach With Application To Deep-Water Confined Structures In Salt Basins

Abstract Integrated tectono-stratigraphic interpretation at MC-118 using 3D seismic, well logs and biostratigraphy reveals an area dominated by allochthonous salt and its related structures. OCS-Block MC-118 is located 130 km southeast of New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico middle slope in ∼2600 ft of water. The area is divided into three domains based on their structural styles: (1) a western domain consisting of a basinward-dipping normal fault family and associated strata; (2) a central domain composed of a landward-plunging diapiric salt tongue canopy and associated salt welds, two flanking NE–SW trending salt-withdrawal mini-basins, and a crestal fault family; and (3) an eastern domain comprised of basinward/landward-dipping normal and listric normal fault families with their associated rollovers. These structural domains are genetically-and-kinematically related to the salt structure and extend beyond MC-118 boundaries. The salt structure is postulated to have evolved mostly passive, with punctuated active episodes, and by lateral spreading. This is part of a larger regional structure, eastern Gulf of Mexico, which involves some amalgamation between small-scale salt canopies and salt diapirs although collectively they appear mostly disconnected. A Pliocene (3.13–4.95 Ma) third-order genetic stratigraphic sequence, the focus of this study, is as much as ∼3600 ft thick within the mini-basins and contains: muddy mass transport complexes; sandy slope fans; muddy turbidites and condensed sections; and transitional facies flanking the salt structure that collectively have ponded and wedged external geometries. Mass transport complexes and muddy turbidites and condensed sections make most of the studied genetic sequence in a mud-dominated deltaic setting eastern Gulf of Mexico. Facies kinematic indicators and a matching number of genetic sequences accounted on the sea level chart support a eustatically driven mini-basin sedimentation. Nonetheless salt still plays a role in sedimentation (secondary/minor) by slumping generated during passive/active salt diapiric evolution.
Triadic consistency and false heart-rate feedback.

Summary Subjects viewed slides of the Rorschach cards while listening to heart sounds that were supposedly but not actually their own. For some of the subjects the heart rate increased when they were exposed to the five achromatic cards and for some subjects the heart rate increased when they were exposed to the five chromatic cards. In addition, some subjects were told that increased heart rate was a sign of mental health (positive condition), and some that the increased heart rate was a sign of mental abnormality (negative condition) Since the heart-rate increase (behavior) and Rorschach cards associated with the increase (attitude object) are connected by a positive causal relation, triadic theory predicts that the sign of the heart-rate increase should generalize to the associated cards (i e, be positive in the positive condition and negative in the negative condition) An analysis of variance revealed such an overall significant effect Closer examination of the data, however, revealed that the triadic effects were not unambiguously occurring when the increased heart rate was associated with achromatic cards It was suggested that in this condition the unique characteristics of the cards facilitated the generation of complicating anxiety. Supportive data for this interpretation were offered
A comparison of the structural organization of amplified ribosomal DNA from Xenopus mulleri and Xenopus laevis

Secondary structure maps of long single strands of amplified ribosomal DNA from two closely related species of frogs, Xenopus laevis and X. mulleri, have been compared. The secondary structure pattern of the gene region is identical in both ribosomal DNAs while the patterns in the non-transcribed spacers† differ. In X. mulleri, the spacer shows an extended region without any secondary structure adjacent to the 28 S ribosomal RNA sequence. In contrast, the same region in the X. laevis spacer has extensive secondary structure. A comparison of secondary structure maps and denaturation maps of these two ribosomal DNAs (Brown et al., 1972) reveals that the portion without secondary structure in the X. mulleri spacer corresponds to an early melting A + T-rich region. As in X. laevis ribosomal DNA, Escherichia coli restriction endonuclease (EcoRI) makes two cuts in each repeating unit of amplified ribosomal DNA from X. mulleri. The position of the cleavage sites is identical in the two species as judged from secondary structure mapping of the two classes of EcoRI fragments generated. The small fragments of X. mulleri ribosomal DNA are homogeneous in size with a duplex molecular weight of 3.0 × 106, and contain about 85% of the 28 S ribosomal RNA gene and about 17% of the 18 S ribosomal RNA gene. The large fragments are heterogeneous in size with molecular weights ranging from 4.2 to 4.9 × 106, and contain the remaining portions of the gene regions and the nontranscribed spacer. Heteroduplexes made between large fragments of different lengths show only deletion loops. The position of these loops indicates that the length heterogeneity resides in the non-transcribed spacer region. Electrophoretic analysis of EcoRI digests of chromosomal ribosomal DNA from X. mulleri demonstrates that this DNA is heterogeneous in length as well.
The Gendering of Emotional Flexibility Why Angry Women Are Both Admired and Devalued in Debt Settlement Firms

Research on emotional labor has consistently shown that women’s jobs require the suppression of anger. But in the debt settlement firms we studied, the women who negotiated with creditors were expected to express anger. We show that what made their anger acceptable was that its expression was preceded and followed by positive emotions. Women were praised for their ability to rapidly shift from anger to warmth and back to anger again. But this ability to shift emotional registers was also seen by employers and coworkers as a function of women’s natural emotional plasticity, and was contrasted unfavorably with men’s emotional consistency. What was gendered was not an emotion but an emotional pattern, with the consequence that women’s emotional labor was simultaneously valued and devalued.
Threshold poles and low-energy scattering

The infinitely many threshold poles that approachλ=0 asν→0 are shown to produce, using a product representation of theS-matrix obtained recently by Cheng, the correct threshold behaviour of theS-matrix; 1 for Reλ>0 and exp[2πiλ] for Reλ<0. Even though the contribution of a single threshold pole to the zero-energy scattering amplitude is vanishingly small, their total contribution is found to be, in general, quite significant. The contribution of these poles to the scattering length is calculated for some soluble cases. For parametrization of low-energy scattering, according to this analysis, a formalism which automatically includes the threshold poles is more reliable than one based on a few Regge poles alone.
A compiler capable of learning

We would like to consider a new approach to the general problem of programming computers. To date, the methods of handling programming problems can be roughly classified into two families, each of which have certain characteristic advantages and disadvantages which seem to complement those of the other.
Fast gapped variants for Lempel--Ziv--Welch compression

Variants of classical data compression paradigms by Ziv, Lempel, and Welch are proposed in which the phrases used in compression are selected among suitably chosen strings of intermittently solid and wild characters produced by the autocorrelation of the sourcestring. Adaptations and extensions of the classical ZL78 paradigm as implemented by Welch are developed along these lines, and they are easily seen to be susceptible of simple linear time implementation. Both lossy and lossless schemata are considered, and preliminary analyses of performance are attempted.
An analysis of university year-round operation

Abstract The implementation of year-round operation has often been suggested as a means for accommodating additional demand for student admissions at a university campus of fixed capacity. However, because the student flow process at a university has not been well understood, many institutions have been disappointed to find the actual benefits resulting from the addition of a regular summer program of instruction to be far less than they had expected. This paper demonstrates that, due to established patterns of student attendance, a reasonable expectation of a change to year-round operation is that the undergraduate admission rate will increase by 5 per cent when enrollment is held fixed. Moreover, the summer term will attract only one-third as many undergraduate students as are enrolled during the regular academic year. These computations assume that no attempt is made to exert control over student attendance patterns. A queueing model is developed that relates the admission rate to the proportion of students who belong to various cohorts with common workload requirements and attendance patterns. Data gathered at the University of California, Berkeley campus is used to estimate these proportions for a campus which offers a year-round program. From these estimates are derived values for the overall admission rate and the ratio of summer enrollment to average nonsummer enrollment. These values are then compared with those obtained for a campus of like size which does not offer a year-round program of instruction. The paper concludes that, unless an institution is willing to exert control over student attendance patterns, university year-round operation is probably not economical in a society which places heavy emphasis on the summer as a time when students should vacation or take temporary jobs.
A Meta-Analysis of Race and Sentencing Research: Explaining the Inconsistencies

Numerous studies have addressed the question: Are African-Americans treated more harshly than similarly situated whites? This research employs meta-analysis to synthesize this body of research. One-hundred-sixteen statistically independent contrasts were coded from 71 published and unpublished studies. Coded study and contextual features are used to explain variation in research findings. Analyses indicate that African-Americans generally are sentenced more harshly than whites; the magnitude of this race effect is statistically significant but small and highly variable. Larger estimates of unwarranted disparity are found in contrasts that examine drug offenses, imprisonment or discretionary decisions, do not pool cases from several smaller jurisdictions, utilize imprecise measures, or omit key variables. Yet, even when consideration is confined to those contrasts employing key controls and precise measures of key variables, unwarranted racial disparities persists. Further, a substantial proportion of variability in study results is explained by study factors, particularly methodological factors.
Renal disease in the elderly: distinctive disorders, tailored treatments.

PreviewMany 40-year-olds would be surprised to learn that, as far as their kidneys are concerned, the aging process is already under way. The decreased blood flow and diminished regulatory capacity that come with age are not necessarily problems. However, when another factor is added (eg, fluid loss from diarrhea, depressed thirst mechanism from sedative use), serious fluid and electrolyte imbalances can result. Dr Ali discusses renal disorders for which older people are at risk, and he provides safety tips on drug choices and doses.
Apparent elastic properties of random fiber networks

Abstract Many natural and synthetic materials have fibrous microstructures. In this paper we study computationally the elastic response of three-dimensional random fiber networks with isotropic or preferential fiber orientations. The fibers, represented as linear elastic and isotropic Timoshenko beams, are generated by a Monte Carlo method and joined through rigid fiber–fiber connections. The fiber networks are subjected to displacement boundary conditions, involving uniform in plane normal or shear strains, and their apparent elastic response is evaluated using a finite element method. We investigate the effects of scale (varying fiber length while keeping the specimen size and fiber diameter fixed), fiber orientation, and void volume fraction on the elastic constitutive response of such fiber networks. We find that the apparent stiffness tensor components C1111 and C1212 decrease and have less scatter with increasing scale (and decreasing fiber aspect ratio), higher orientation angle, and higher void volume fraction. Also, the effect of dangling fibers on the void volume fraction is investigated and the resulting elastic response and three ways of estimating the volume fraction of fibers are discussed.
Monte Carlo method for the Ising model in a transverse field.

The partition function for the Ising model in a transverse field can be expressed as a sum over the usual Ising states by evaluation of the diagonal matrix elements between Ising states with the use of the cumulant expansion. The cumulant sum is evaluated to all orders in \ensuremath{\beta} and second order in \ensuremath{\Gamma}, the transverse field. The effective Hamiltonian is then employed in Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the average energy and magnetization in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Comparison with exact results on a one-dimensional chain shows that the method works quite well. Monte Carlo results for the average energy, specific heat, and the transverse and longitudinal components of the magnetization for the transverse Ising model on the simple cubic lattice are presented.
Joint wavelet transform correlation with separated target and reference planes

In recent years, we realize the usefulness of feature extraction for optical correlator and hereby, we investigate the capability of Laplace operator in feature extraction of multiple targets. The first-order terms and the false alarm terms in the correlation output would be removed using electronic power spectrum subtraction technique. Most importantly, the entire magneto-optic SLM is completely utilized for displaying only targets in the input scene. A new cost efficient hardware implementation is proposed and aforementioned result of the proposed system is evaluated through computer simulation.
Effects of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin, on two estuarine fish species

Limited toxicity data are available for estuarine and marine species and the widely used pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin. This study determined acute effects of permethrin on survival, lipid peroxidation, acetylcholinesterase activity, and splenocyte proliferation for two fish species found in South Carolina estuaries; juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and adult mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Juvenile S. ocellatus were significantly more sensitive than adult F. heteroclitus to permethrin exposure, with a 96-h LC50 value of 8 μg/L determined for red drum compared to 23 μg/L for mummichog. Lipid peroxidation activity of the liver increased in permethrin-treated fish compared to control animals after 24 h and decreased after 96 h. Permethrin had no effect on acetylcholinesterase activity of the brain at the concentrations tested. Permethrin exposure significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, indicating an immunosuppressive effect. Most of the effects of permethrin on fish cellular stress enzymes and survival occurred at concentrations much higher than those typically measured in the environment. However, inhibition of splenocyte proliferation in juvenile red drum occurred at approximately twice that of measured permethrin concentrations in surface water. These findings may prove useful to the future management and regulation of pyrethroid insecticide use near estuarine habitats.
Uplink scheduling in clustered 3G network with mobile relaying

Hybrid wireless networks are characterized by simultaneously using several radio interfaces to boost system performances. A practical and promising architecture to achieve a better uplink throughput in the traditional CDMA cell is to locally aggregate mobile-generated traffic to some cluster heads through WLAN. Such an architecture opens up questions of the desired clustering structures as well as new uplink scheduling strategies. The scheduling of the aggregated traffic at the cluster heads (called relayed mobile terminals later) is investigated in this work. The proposed uplink scheduling algorithm takes the aggregated traffic nature into account. The scheduling goal is to achieve good throughput under the traffic QoS requirements (e.g. BER, bit-error-rates) and limited power budget at the mobile station. The proposed scheduling algorithm consists of two levels: (1) we use a proportional scheduling algorithm to coordinate the transmission among relaying mobile terminals (RMTs), where the main objective ...