cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase D protects against oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury via Rho/ROK/PKC-δ pathway activation

Protein kinase D (PKD) is a novel protein serine kinase that has recently been implicated in diverse cellular functions, including apoptosis and cell proliferation. The purpose of our present study...
A simple recording densitometer for electron micrographs

Abstract The apparatus was designed to convert the information on a photographic transparency (electron micrograph) into a form compatible with the inputs of an IBM1130 computer with WDV interface. The transparency is an enlarged area from an electron micrograph or other suitable image, is fixed to a rotating drum coupled to a fine lead screw and is scanned continously by a light-to-frequency converter device. At the same time co-ordinates are established for a 256 × 256 image point area and these are converted to a frequency shift-keyed audio signal. Both signals are less than 2.5kHz and are recorded on a domestic stereo tape recorded on separate tracks. Decoding, which is accompanied by a four-fold frequency increase, is accomplished for the optical transmission data by a frequency-to-voltage converter. The co-ordinate information, at about 500 readings per second, is decoded by a phase-locked loop frequency modulated detector. Both sets of data, being recorded as frequencies rather than amplitudes, are relatively ‘noise-immune’ and can be processed using limiting amplifiers.
The effects of biofeedback on rectal sensation and distal colonic motility in patients with disorders of rectal evacuation: evidence of an inhibitory rectocolonic reflex in humans?

OBJECTIVE: Abnormalities of descending colon motility reported in a subset of patients with rectal evacuation disorders are consistent with a rectocolonic inhibitory reflex. Our aims were to evaluate distal colon motor function and rectal sensation in such patients and assess effects of biofeedback (BF) training on these functions. METHODS: Seven patients (five women, two men; mean age 36 yr) with rectal evacuation disorders were studied before and after 10-days biofeedback training; six healthy volunteers (five women, one man; mean age 30 yr) were studied once. Colonic compliance, motility, sensation thresholds, and perception scores during standardized rectal distentions were measured using two barostat-manometry assemblies inserted into the cleansed colon with the aid of flexible sigmoidoscopy. RESULTS: Sigmoid compliance, fasting, and postprandial motility index, and perception thresholds were similar in controls and patients before and after biofeedback training. Postprandial sigmoid tone tended (p = 0.09) to be lower in patients than controls; after biofeedback, postprandial tone was comparable to that in controls. Rectal urgency scores at 24 mm Hg distention were greater in patients than in controls (p = 0.02 for both). After biofeedback, there were trends for lower perceptions of urgency to defecate (7.6 ± 1.1 cm pre- vs 5.3 ± 1.5 post-; p = 0.04) at 24 mm Hg; conversely, gas sensation at 12 mm Hg was higher (1.2 ± 0.5 cm pre- vs 3.3 ± 0.6 post-; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Normalization of rectal evacuation and postprandial sigmoid tone in patients with evacuation disorders by biofeedback training supports the presence of a rectocolonic inhibitory reflex. Effect of biofeedback on rectal sensation in these patients requires further study.
Role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs. II: Reassessment of LSD false positives.

In the context of animal studies of hallucinogens, an LSD-false positive is defined as a drug known to be devoid of hallucinogenic activity in humans but which nonetheless fully mimics LSD in animals. Quipazine, MK-212, lisuride, and yohimbine have all been reported to be LSD false positives. The present study was designed to determine whether these compounds also substitute for the stimulus effects of the more pharmacologically selective hallucinogen (−)DOM (0.56 mg/kg, 75-min pretreatment time). The LSD and (−)DOM stimuli fully generalized to quipazine (3.0 mg/kg) and lisuride (0.2 mg/kg), but only partially generalized to MK-212 (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) and yohimbine (2–20 mg/kg). In combination tests, pirenpirone (0.08 mg/kg), a compound with both D2 and 5-HT2A affinity, blocked the substitution of quipazine and lisuride for the (−)DOM stimulus. Ketanserin (2.5 mg/kg), an antagonist with greater than 1 order of magnitude higher affinity for 5-HT2A receptors than either 5-HT2C or D2 receptors, also fully blocked the substitution of these compounds for the (−)DOM stimulus, while the selective D2 antagonist thiothixene (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) failed to block the substitution of lisuride for the (−)DOM stimulus. These results suggest that quipazine and lisuride substitute for the stimulus properties of the phenylalkglamine hallucinogen (−)DOM via agonist activity at 5-HT2A receptors. In addition, these results suggest that 5-HT2A agonist activity may be required, but is not in itself sufficient, for indolamine and phenylalkglamine compounds to elicit hallucinations in humans. Finally, it is concluded that MK-212 and yohimbine are neither LSD nor (−)DOM false positives.
Multi-dimensional transient temperature simulation and back-calculation for thermal properties of building materials

Abstract Thermal properties (i.e. thermal conductivity and heat capacity) are important parameters that influence the temperature of building materials and thermal performance of built environment. These properties are required as fundamental inputs for modeling and simulating thermal behavior of built environment. Most existing methods for measuring thermal properties of building materials are based on 1-D steady-state heat transfer theory. The critical challenge for these methods has been the difficulty in achieving a 1-D heat flow condition for the testing specimen. A multi-dimensional transient method is needed to reduce the challenge and requirement on the testing specimen size and shape, and make it possible to accurately measure all the thermal properties from one single test. This paper first developed a multi-dimensional transient model and a practical tool to simulate the transient temperature at any location on a beam or cylinder specimen of any size subject to convection heat transfer. Case studies verified that this model can be used to, if the thermal properties are known, simulate the transient temperature at any location for a specimen of various shapes and sizes, and predict the time to reach a specified target temperature for mechanical and other testing. Secondly, this paper developed and validated partly by case studies on both asphalt and concrete materials a procedure for back-calculating the thermal properties of a specimen of various shapes and sizes. Thermal properties of novel building materials (various initiative cool materials such as porous concrete and high thermal resistance materials) can be easily measured with that procedure.
The Anatomy and Embryology of Posterior Urethral Valves

Purpose: We reviewed the literature to better elucidate the history behind our understanding of the anatomy, classification and embryology of posterior urethral valves.Materials and Methods: A directed MEDLINE literature review of the anatomy, classification and embryology of posterior urethral valves was performed. An effort was made to focus on the most frequently cited historical articles as well as those including detailed anatomical analyses of fetal specimens. Also included was the analysis of a specimen obtained at our institution in a novel manner that to our knowledge has not been previously described in the literature with respect to the anatomy of posterior urethral valves.Results: The precise origins regarding the anatomy and embryology of posterior urethral valves remain undefined. However, the literature is abundant in theories regarding the origin of posterior urethral valves, based primarily on small uncontrolled series or case reports. There are a limited number of reports of the anatomy ...
179 FETAL LAMB ARGININE VASOPRESSIN (AVP) RESPONSE TO A SINGLE HEMORRHAGE

Hemorrhage (H) has been reported to stimulate AVP release in the fetal lamb. To examine the determinants and time course of the fetal response to H, 7 chronically catheterized fetuses of 92-116 days gestation were hemorrhaged 15-20% of blood volume at a rate of 2%/min. Heart rate, arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH did not change. Serum AVP, osmolality and hematocrit were drawn at 10 min intervals for 60 min. Blood volume sampled was replaced immediately with fetal blood. AVP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Assay cross reactivity with arginine vasotocin and angiotensin II was negligible. During H, mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) fell 24% from 40±1 to 30±2 torr (p<.01). Serum osmolality did not change H, but rose from 293±1.2 to 298±1.9 mOs (p<.05) by 30 min. Serum AVP levels showed a biphasic response. The base line AVP value of 1.6±.20 pg/ml rose to 27.9±14.9 (p<.01) by the end of H (10 min), then declined to 16.6±4.8 pg/ml at 20 min before rising again to 34.2±12.8 pg/ml by 30 min. Immediately after H, serum AVP correlated inversely with SAP change (r=.58), and not with serum osmolality (r=.12). By 30 min AVP correlation with SAP change was non-existent (r=.05) while a strong positive correlation between osmolality and serum AVP was found (r=.87). We conclude that the biphasic shape of the fetal AVP response curve to a single H represents a dual response, the first phase triggered mainly by falling SAP and the second phase by increased serum osmolality.
Status and phylogeny of Milyeringidae (Teleostei: Gobiiformes), withhe description of a new blind cave-fish from Australia, Milyeringa brooksi, n. sp.

A phylogeny of Milyeringidae is reported and a new species, Milyeringa brooksi, is described from Cape Range National Park in the North West Cape (Cape Range Peninsula) of Australia. This species is distinguished on the basis of morphological and molecular characters from its only congener Milyeringa veritas. These diagnostic characters are related to a unique pattern of sensory papillae on the body and synapomorphies in three genes (cytochrome c oxidase I, cytochrome b, and NADH dehydrogenase 2). The new species is known only from the southern portion of the North West Cape spanning roughly 50 kilometers of subterranean habitat. This habitat is exceedingly rare and measures to preserve it and its fauna should be taken.
Immunologic approaches to acute leukemia in the elderly.

The outcome of older patients with acute leukemia remains poor with few long-term survivors, indicating the need for treatment approaches that target pro-apoptotic pathways not influenced by chemotherapy resistance. For a long time, natural killer (NK) cells have held promise for cancer immunotherapy because, unlike T lymphocytes, they can kill tumor cells without the need for tumor-specific antigen recognition. In the treatment of acute leukemia, NK cell-based therapies have focused on in vivo expansion and activation with cytokines with only modest success. However, recent understanding of the importance of NK receptors for the recognition and lysis of leukemia cells suggests novel therapeutic strategies. The balance of inhibitory and activating signals through surface receptors, recognizing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class I–like molecules on target cells, determines whether NK cells activate killing. In this review, we discuss the biologic rationale for therapeutic strategies harnessing NK cells and focus on novel directions for their future use in elderly patients with acute leukemia.
Practical Algorithms for Gathering Stored Correlated Data in a Network

Many sensing systems remotely monitor/measure an environment at several sites, and then report these observations to a central site. We propose and investigate several practical algorithms for joint routing and compression of data files as they are forward from remote nodes to a central site, with the goal of minimizing the communication cost incurred. Our algorithms are practical in that they do not assume that nodes have a priori information about the correlation structure (and resulting compression gains) of the individual measurements at a given sensor or among multiple sensors. Instead, this correlation structure is learned as pieces of the files are routed and jointly compressed on their way to the sink, and routes are adaptively changed as the nodes learn more about the correlation structure of the data.
Organometallic Complexes of Uracil and Orotic Acid Derivatives: Coordination Mode, Structure, and Reactivity

Carbonyltungsten derivatives of uracilates and orotates, where the metal center is bound to a nitrogen atom of the pyrimidine ring, are described. There organometallic complexes were synthesized by the reaction of either W(CO)5THF or W(CO)5MeOH with the tetraethylammonium salt of the deprotonated monoanion of dihydrouracil (1), 5-methyluracil (2), 6-methyluracil (3), methylorotic acid (4), and N,N-dimethylorotic acid (5). The complexes were all characterized in solution by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and in select instances in the solid-state by X-ray crystallography. The structures of complexes 1 and 3 consist of octahedrally coordinated anions of pentacarbonyltungsten uracilate, where the uracilate ligand is bound to the metal center by the N3 atom of the pyrimidine ring, and the tetraethylammonium cation for charge balance. In contrast, the anion of complex 2 reveals that the uracilate ligand is bound to the W(CO)5 fragment by the N1 atom of the pyrimidine ring. The ν(CO) vibrational modes and 13C NMR chemical shifts for the carbonyl ligands of complexes 1 and 3 indicate that the metal centers are more electron-rich than those of complex 2. This conclusion is further substantiated by the rates of intermolecular CO exchange in these carbonylmetal anions with 13CO. The facile CO exchange observed in complexes 1 and 3 is faster than that seen in complex 2. The rapid CO dissociation process measured in these derivatives is attributed to the π-donation of electron density from the pyrimidine ring to the tungsten center in the transition state as the M−CO bond is broken.
Association Between Physician Recommendation for Adolescents to Join a Weight Loss Program and BMI Change.

Objective: To explore whether reasons for enrollment in a pediatric multidisciplinary weight management program (PMWMP) are associated with subsequent weight loss. Method: A retrospective analysis of obese adolescents (12-18 years old, body mass index [BMI] > 95th percentile) who enrolled in a PMWMP from April 2007 to March 2009, and had BMI measurements at weeks 1 and 12. Reasons for enrollment were obtained from parents’ responses to an enrollment questionnaire (which allowed selection of more than one reason). The most common reasons for enrollment were computed. Linear regression was used to explore associations between mean change in BMI and reasons for enrollment, controlling for demographic and anthropometric factors. Results: Most of the 90 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria were female (70%) and white (57%). Mean age was 14.5 years and mean initial BMI was 42 kg/m2. The most common reasons for enrolling in the PMWMP were due to concerns about adolescents’ physical health (96%), concerns a...
Introduction: Contributions of Women Political Scientists to a More Just World

This roundtable was originally presented as a panel at the 2003 Annual Meeting of the APSA in Philadelphia that was sponsored by the Committee on the Status of Women in the Profession. It was the sense of members of that committee that far too much of the time and energy of many political scientists—especially within the hallowed halls of convention centers—has focused on methodological debates and conflicts, while far too little attention has been directed to issues of social change and/or to contemporary issues of public policy. Nevertheless, it was also our sense that the focus on method to the exclusion—or, at least, the devaluation—of substance has been less true for feminist scholars and others who have been on the margins of the discipline or of the society than it has been for members of the profession at large. Indeed, many of the women and minority scholars, in particular, who entered the field of political science in the past 20 to 30 years did so precisely because they wanted to make a difference in the world, and to learn how to use the tools of the profession to improve the situation of less empowered members of society, whether in the United States or abroad. Hence, the decision to sponsor this roundtable, to highlight some of those women and their contributions, and to reflect on what we have achieved and what significant questions and tasks remain to be addressed.
Examining Rare and Low-Frequency Genetic Variants Previously Associated with Lone or Familial Forms of Atrial Fibrillation in an Electronic Medical Record System: A Cautionary Note

Background—Studies in individuals or small kindreds have implicated rare variants in 25 different genes in lone and familial atrial fibrillation (AF) using linkage and segregation analysis, functio...
Endoscopic middle ear and mastoid surgery for cholesteatoma.

Introduction: To reduce incidence of residual cholesteatoma following ear surgery; and to reduce the need for second look “open” mastoidectomy using endoscopic mastoidotomy. Ten-year retrospective chart review of 249 primary cholesteatoma cases (1994-2004) with a minimum follow-up of two years. The first objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of otoendoscopy in reducing the incidence of “cholesteatoma remnant” at the time of primary surgery. The second investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of otoendoscopy in reducing the need to open the mastoid cavities during “second look operations”. Materials and Methods: Endoscopes were used on all cases as an adjunct to standard microscopic methods. Once all visible cholesteatoma was removed with standard microscopic techniques, endoscopes were utilized in order to identify any “remnants” of cholesteatoma. Endoscopes were also employed during revision second look cases in order to allow the evaluation of intact canal wall mastoid cavities without an open Mastoidectomy approach. Results: Endoscopy at time of primary operations revealed a 22% incidence of hidden cholesteatoma “remnants” despite apparent total microscopic eradication in closed cavity cases, and 10% in open cavity patients. Endoscopic removal of cholesteatoma remnants reduced the long term cholesteatoma “residual” to 9.7% in closed cavity patients. Furthermore, endoscopic surgery significantly reduced the need to open the mastoids during second look operations. Conclusion: Otoendoscopy is a very effective adjunctive method in ear surgery. It allows significant reduction in cholesteatoma residual rate in both closed cavity and open cavity cases. Furthermore, the great majority of second look mastoids can be evaluated endoscopically and thus avoid an open revision Mastoidectomy.
Accuracy of approximate transmission line formulas for overhead wires

Errors resulting from two approximations of the transmission line parameters of overhead wires are determined. Sunde's simple approximation (1968) is found to be more accurate than the Hankel function approximation. >
Heat effects in partially miscible liquid systems

Correlation empirique du changement de temperature produit lorsque deux liquides purs entrent en contact a une interface plane
Permanent Vascular Access: A Nephrologist's View

Vascular access complications are the greatest cause of morbidity in hemodialysis patients in the United States. Although arteriovenous fistulas have been recommended as the preferred mode of vascular access, recent data indicate that the majority of patients on hemodialysis in the United States have prosthetic graft fistulas. The most frequent complications of prosthetic graft fistulas are thrombosis and stenosis. Hospitalization rates for fistula complications are higher in patients with diabetes mellitus and of black race. Pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia may include elaboration of platelet-derived growth factor and mechanical endothelial injury. Screening for stenosis and impaired blood flow in fistulas can be carried out with recirculation measurements, venous and intra-access pressure measurements, and Doppler ultrasound. A combination of the techniques is probably the best current strategy for fistula screening and further evaluation. Surgical thrombectomy and fistula revision remain the standard for comparison of newer approaches to management of complications. Percutaneous angioplasty with or without stent placement, thrombolysis, and use of atherectomy devices may play an increasing role in the treatment of complications, although comparative trials of these modalities need to be performed. No satisfactory long-term pharmacologic means of preventing thrombosis, stenosis, or restenosis have been found for graft arteriovenous fistulas. It is hoped that future directions in the field of vascular access placement and management will include better strategies for allowing primary arteriovenous fistula development, advances in graft materials, improved understanding of the pathogenesis of thrombosis and stenosis, and development strategies to prevent complications.
Design and Implementation of FPGA Configuration Logic Block Using Asynchronous Static NCL

This paper proposes the design of a FPGA configurable logic block (CLB) using asynchronous static NULL convention logic (NCL) Library. The proposed design uses three static LUT's for implementing NCL logic functions. Each LUT can be configured to function as any one of the 27 fundamental NCL Static gates. The proposed CLB supports 10 inputs and three different outputs, each with resettable and inverting variations. The CLB has two modes: Configuration mode and operation mode. The static NCL FPGA CLB is simulated at the transistor level using the 1.8 V, 180 nm TSMC CMOS process.
Restiid-Feeding Semiini (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae) From Western Australia: Description and Phylogenetic Analysis of the New Plant Bug Genus Restiophylus, n. gen

The phyline fauna of Australia has only recently been shown to be highly diverse, both at the species and the genus levels. Here, a new genus and four new species of Australian Phylinae (Hemiptera: Miridae) are described. The species of Restiophylus , n. gen., occur on two genera of the rush-like Restionaceae, Hypolaena Brown 1810 and Leptocarpus Brown 1810, and on one genus of the closely related Anarthriaceae, Lyginia Brown 1810. Habitus images, illustrations of male genitalia, scanning micrographs, an identification key, and distribution maps for the new species are provided as well as digital images and distribution maps for the hosts. Consistent with the geographic distribution patterns of many other Australian Phylinae, the four new species are restricted to the Mediterranean-type biome of Western Australia. A cladistic analysis based on 55 morphological characters, four ingroup taxa, and 31 outgroup taxa is presented, providing evidence for the monophyly of this new genus and its placement in the tribe Semiini, and potentially as sister to the subtribe Exocarpocorina.
How the Delegation of Voting Rights Affects the Measurement of Voting Behavior

There is substantial agreement in political science literature that election laws shape electoral outcomes. The existing literature assumes that election laws are implemented as written, but there is extensive anecdotal evidence that this is not the case. States delegate the administration of elections to county and municipal officials. We argue that these administrators are frequently unaware of or misinformed about the laws, granted insufficient resources to properly determine who is eligible (or ineligible) to vote, and have incentives to purposefully act in opposition to state and federal law. In order to test these claims we collected original data on the partisanship of local registrars and turnout in state elections. In a cross-sectional analysis we find that Democratic and Republican registrars increase turnout of their partisans in gubernatorial elections, but that these effects can be mitigated by institutions set up to monitor the electoral process like bipartisan boards. We show that Democratic registrars are significantly more likely to increase Democratic turnout in competitive elections while Republican registrars increase Republican turnout only in noncompetitive elections.
Taxonomy of Discretely Manufactured Products for Making Ergonomic Considerations

There are hundreds of thousands of everyday products — from screws and pens to washing machines. Each of these products has certain ergonomic rules that are necessary for designing them for safety and comfort. To efficiently and concisely capture ergonomic design rules relevant to the great variety of products, this paper applied group technology in categorizing discrete manufactured products for ergonomic design. The method of classification was on the basis of user-actions on such products. Ten classes were determined and corresponding ergonomic rules pertinent to each class were stipulated. The taxonomy showed its robustness by accurately determining ergonomic rules relevant to the design of several products. The potential application of this work is to computer-aided design.
A new species of Endogonaceae, Glomus hoi

Sporae singillatim in terra enatae, globosae, subglobosae, ellipsoideae vel irregulares, (50-)80120(?155) x (45-)75-120(-140) ixm, avellaneae. Tunicae sporarum stratis duobus, separabilibus: exteriore (2-)5-8 Mm crasso, armeniaco vel luteolo, superficiari frangenti et exuenti; interiore 1 nm crasso, membranaceo, hyalino vel luteolo. Hypha affixa (5-) 10-13 ^m diam, cylindrica vel parum infundibuliformis, tunica 2.5-5 j^m crassa, interdum ramulosa, septo curvo clausa.
Chemical and Biological Properties of Fractions Derived from Hog Intrinsic Factor Concentrate by Disc Electrophoresis.

SummaryHIFC was separated by polysaccharide disc electrophoresis into a distinct polysaccharide fraction (F-II), and 3 distinct protein fractions. Disc electrophoresis of the HIFC complexed with isotopically labelled vit B12 revealed that only one of these fractions (F-III), a protein devoid of stain-able polysaccharide, bound B12 avidly. When the losses due to processing are considered. F-III represents approximately 80% of the binding activity in the starting material. Following elution, F-III shows intrinsic factor activity by in vitro (guinea pig intestinal mu-cosal homogenate method) bioassay, and in vivo by Schilling's method in a patient with pernicious anemia, All other fractions were inert in vitro. Thus a protein moiety, free of polysaccharide, was responsible for both B12 binding and the specific enhancement of absorption. The sialic acid-containing major polysaccharide fraction (F-II) showed no significant B12 or in vitro activity.
Acute Dystonic Reactions to “Street Xanax”

To the Editor: Acute dystonic reactions have been reported after the ingestion of numerous medications that alter dopaminergic tone in the basal ganglia or antagonize dopamine D2 receptors. At the emergency department of an urban community hospital, we have recently treated six patients presenting with acute dystonia. All patients reported the ingestion of what street sellers had assured them was Xanax (alprazolam). In five of these patients, the ingested drug was actually proved to be haloperidol. Three teenage boys presented to the emergency department with symptoms consistent with torticollis, oculogyric crisis, and opisthotonos. Each reported the ingestion of “one or . . .
Introduction to Binary Logistic Regression

Statistical inference with binary data presents many challenges, whether or not the observations are dependent or independent. Studies involving dependent observations tend to be longitudinal or clustered in nature, and therefore provide inefficient estimates if the correlation in the data is ignored. This chapter, then, reviews binary data under the assumption that the observations are independent. It provides an overview of the issues to be addressed in the book, as well as the different types of binary correlated data. It introduces SAS, SPSS, and R as the statistical programs used to analyze the data throughout the book and concludes with general recommendations.
Blue-Emitting Arylalkynyl Naphthalene Derivatives via a Hexadehydro-Diels-Alder Cascade Reaction.

We describe here three alkynyl substituted naphthalenes that display promising luminescence characteristics. Each compound is easily and efficiently synthesized in three steps by capitalizing on the hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) cycloisomerization reaction in which an intermediate benzyne is captured by tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, a classical trap for benzyne itself. These compounds luminesce in the deep blue when stimulated either optically (i.e., photoluminescence in both solution and solid films) or electrically [in a light-emitting diode (LED)]. The photophysical properties are relatively insensitive to the electronic nature of the substituents (H, OMe, CO2Me) that define these otherwise identical compounds. Overall, our observations suggest that the twisted nature of the five adjacent aryl groups serves to minimize the intermolecular interaction between core naphthalene units in different sample morphologies. These compounds represent promising leads for the identification of others of value as th...
Medical image compression with set partitioning in hierarchical trees

Wavelet-based image compression is proving to be a very effective technique for medical images, giving significantly better results than the JPEG algorithm. A novel scheme for encoding wavelet coefficients, termed set partitioning in hierarchical trees, has recently been proposed and yields significantly better compression than more standard methods. The authors report the results of experiments comparing such coding to more conventional wavelet compression and to JPEG compression on several types of medical images.
Social norms of “good” design: Interdisciplinary perspectives from a survey of engineers and clinicians in bioengineering

In bioengineering training for new researchers and engineers, a great deal of time is spent discussing what constitutes “good” design. Conceptualization of good design, however, varies widely across interdisciplinary team members, with potential to both foster innovation or lead to unproductive conflict. To explore how groups central to bioengineering teams (physicians/clinicians and engineers/physicists) conceptualize good design, we asked 176 professionals in bioengineering to complete a comprehensive online survey including items designed to assess cognitive and moral foundations (validated MFQ30 tool) and custom items assessing perceptions on good design in three areas (good design characteristics, reputation of design approvers, and perceived design patient/consumer suitability). Of those that responded, 82 completed all quantitative survey sections and were included in this preliminary analysis. Correlations between response areas were examined to explore the possible links between cognitive and moral biases and perspectives on good design. The survey results indicated that both groups were more conservative than average Americans based on previous reports, and clinicians scored higher on average for all MFQ30 domains. Numerous significant correlations with good design were observed among clinicians, while engineers/physicists most closely correlated good design with prescriber approval and scientific/technical literature. The exploratory analysis demonstrated the potential utility of sociological frameworks to explore relationships in design thinking with potential utility to stimulate thriving conversation on team-based design thinking in bioengineering education and practice.
Epstein Barr Virus Glycoproteins and their Roles in Virus Entry and Egress

Much of the investigation of the biology of EBV has naturally and appropriately focussed on its extraordinary transforming potential. As the field matures, however, more attention can legitimately be given to the function of those proteins that are responsible for the production of new virus. This chapter has considered work on only the first and last steps in this process that involve membrane proteins, but even this limited arena has produced several biologically important discoveries and has raised perhaps even more provocative questions.
Abstract 3421: Comparing gene expression of matched FFPE colorectal cancer samples measured by Nanostring nCounter® platform and Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array platform

OBJECTIVE: Due to the lack of clinically annotated fresh frozen tumor samples, defining molecular features that can predict the recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) for stage II or stage III patients remains challenging in cancer research. Most available clinical samples are Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded (FFPE). Nanostring nCounter® and Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array (HTA) are two latest platforms that enable gene expression profiling of FFPE samples. In this study, we evaluated these two platforms for validating the prognostic gene expression signature based on FFPE-derived CRC samples. METHODS: We designed a custom nCounter® codeset based on elements from multiple published prognostic gene signatures for CRC based on frozen tissues and used this platform to measure the gene expression of FFPE-derived CRC tissues passing strict quality control measures. Then, we measured the gene expression of 42 matched FFPE-derived samples on the HTA platform. Gene expression data for matched CRC samples measured by the two platforms were compared. Finally, we compared the previously published prognostic subtype assignments based on gene expression data measured by the two platforms. RESULTS: In total, 42 pairs of matched CRC samples including 31 pairs of technical replicates and 11 pairs of biological replicates measured by both platforms passed the quality control. Our results showed moderate positive correlation of gene expression between matched samples measured by both platforms, which is not correlated with the RNA quality. When comparing the gene expression of patients with metastatic recurrence to that of patients with no recurrence over a 7.4-year mean follow up, we identified 5 differentially expressed genes (SYT17, LRIG1, PTPRJ, BSG, PTEN) in common (p CONCLUSION: We found a moderate positive correlation between matched samples across both HTA and nCounter platforms, however the gene-by-gene correlations were weak. Both platforms support 5 potential biomarkers of poor prognosis. Discovery of CRC subtypes was more definitive using data from the HTA platform as compared to the nCounter® platform. Further comparisons of matched FFPE-derived CRC tissues across these platforms can lead to the discovery of additional prognostic biomarkers and increased confidence in the optimal platform for expanded clinical trial studies. Citation Format: Jing Zhu, Natasha G. Deane, Keeli B. Lewis, Mary K. Washington, Xi Chen, Robert D. Beauchamp. Comparing gene expression of matched FFPE colorectal cancer samples measured by Nanostring nCounter® platform and Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3421
Abstract 456: Defined co-mutation subgroups of KRAS-mutated NSCLC display distinct immune profiles

Traditional pathological divisions of lung cancer are giving rise to molecular classifications that identify unique drivers of tumor malignancy. Of these molecular classifications, KRAS represents about 30% of all lung adenocarcinomas. Our group has recently investigated if co-mutations within KRAS-mutated lung tumors can aid in identifying a unique therapeutic strategy for patient treatment. Given that tumors exert a strong influence over the immune system and the recent successes in immune targeting via checkpoint blockade therapy in various cancers, including lung, we hypothesized that co-mutational subgroups of KRAS-mutant NSCLC elicit distinct immune profiles and support a rationale for evaluating these subgroups in conjunction with appropriate immunotherapies for further clinical testing. To investigate this phenomenon, we performed a supervised analysis of 86 immune-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas data set in lung adenocarcinomas with KRAS mutations and TP53 or STK11(LKB1) co-mutations. The results from our analysis revealed that KRAS-mutant NSCLC with LKB1 (KL) and TP53 (KP) co-mutations have distinct immune profiles. KP tumors have an increase in (1) PD-L1 and PD-L2; (2) co-stimulation via CD40, CD80, CD86; (3) antigen presentation HLA-I, HLA-II, and CD1; (4) FOXP3 and CD4, indicating T regulatory populations; (5) CD33, CD11b, and CD11c, which are potentially suppressive myeloid cell populations. We conclude that KRAS co-mutations can create significantly different immune microenvironments; KRAS + TP53 (KP) mutant tumors may specifically benefit from checkpoint blockade, depletion of immunosuppressive myeloid and T regulatory populations, but could support de novo anti-tumor T cell expansion due to high expression of co-stimulatory molecules and HLA-I and HLA-II expression. Conversely, KRAS + LKB1 (KL) mutant tumors have an immunosuppressed or inert phenotype and may potentially benefit from adoptive cell transfer of anti-tumor T cells in conjunction with or in lieu of checkpoint blockade. Citation Format: Warren L. Denning, Lixia Diao, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Yanyan Lou, Lauren Byers, Jing Wang, John Weinstein, Don Gibbons, John Heymach. Defined co-mutation subgroups of KRAS-mutated NSCLC display distinct immune profiles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 456. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-456
Sweep samples of tropical deciduous forest foliage-inhabiting insects: seasonal changes and inter-field differences in adult bugs and beetles

Sweep samples in four different pasture sites and adjacent deciduous forest understory in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica produced some tentative conclusions about the structure of the "community" of adult beetles and bugs: a) during the dry season, the different areas in the deciduous forest understory are of widely different value to beetles and bugs; b) the density and species-richness of beetles and bugs is severely reduced by the dry season in all sites except the portions of the forest understory beneath occasional evergreen trees; c) among the four pasture sites in the rain y season, there is nearly as wide a range of numbers of species and individuals as had been found in all the different secondary vegetation sites sampled previously in Costa Rica; d) during the dry season, there appears to be a higher per cent of the beetle species in common between forest understory and pasture sites than in the rainy season; and e) in one of the richest sites swept previously, 312 species of beetles were taken with 800 sweeps, while in the present study, 16,000 sweeps in five habitats and two seasons were required to accumulate 320 beetle species-the figures for adult bugs are generally the reverse, emphasizing that two major orders may display quite different patterns of community structure.
Classical Literature on Screen: Affinities of Imagination

Martin M. Winkler argues for a new approach to various creative affinities between ancient verbal and modern visual narratives. He examines screen adaptations of classical epic, tragedy, comedy, myth, and history, exploring, for example, how ancient rhetorical principles regarding the emotions apply to moving images and how Aristotle's perspective on thrilling plot-turns can recur on screen. He also interprets several popular films, such as 300 and Nero, and analyzes works by international directors, among them Pier Paolo Pasolini (Oedipus Rex, Medea), Jean Cocteau (The Testament of Orpheus), Mai Zetterling (The Girls), Lars von Trier (Medea), Arturo Ripstein (Such Is Life), John Ford (westerns), Alfred Hitchcock (Psycho), and Spike Lee (Chi-Raq). The book demonstrates the undiminished vitality of classical myth and literature in our visual media, as with screen portrayals of Helen of Troy. It is important for all classicists and scholars and students of film, literature, and history.
Concentration-dependent activity coefficients of lanthanides in liquid bismuth for the FHR primary coolant cleanup

Abstract The activity coefficients of lanthanides in liquid bismuth at different concentrations and temperatures were calculated based on the assessed expression of Gibbs energy by the method of CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams). The temperature- and concentration-dependent correlations of the activity coefficients of eight lanthanides were developed which make it possible to calculate the activity coefficient for any concentration up to the solubility limit in the temperature range of 873–973 K. Based on the correlations developed, the change of the activity with concentration was analyzed and discussed. This research provided calculated fundamental properties of lanthanides in liquid bismuth over a wide range of concentration and temperature for the FHR primary coolant cleanup system development. The method used in this study can be extended to investigate other liquid metal binary or ternary systems.
A science that knows no country: Pandemic preparedness, global risk, sovereign science

This paper examines political norms and relationships associated with governance of pandemic risk. Through a pair of linked controversies over scientific access to H5N1 flu virus and genomic data, it examining the duties, obligations, and allocations of authority articulated around the imperative for globally free-flowing information and around the corollary imperative for a science that is set free to produce such information. It argues that scientific regimes are laying claim to a kind of sovereignty, particularly in moments where scientific experts call into question the legitimacy of claims grounded in national sovereignty, by positioning the norms of scientific practice, including a commitment to unfettered access to scientific information and to the authority of science to declare what needs to be known, as essential to global governance. Scientific authority occupies a constitutional position insofar as it figures centrally in the repertoire of imaginaries that shape how a global community is imagined: what binds that community together and what shared political commitments, norms, and subjection to delegated authority are seen as necessary for it to be rightly governed.
Instability of the layered orthorhombic post-perovskite phase of SrTiO3 and other candidate orthorhombic phases under pressure

Abstract While the tetragonal antiferro-electrically distorted (AFD) phase with space group I 4 / m c m is well known for SrTiO 3 to occur below 105 K, there are also some hints in the literature of an orthorhombic phase, either at the lower temperature or at high pressure. A previously proposed orthorhombic layered structure of SrTiO 3 , known as the post-perovskite or CaIrO 3 structure with space group C m c m is shown to have significantly higher energy than the cubic or tetragonal phase and to have its minimum volume at larger volume than cubic perovskite. The C m c m structure is thus ruled out. We also study an alternative P n m a phase obtained by two octahedral rotations about different axes. This phase is found to have slightly lower energy than the I 4 / m c m phase in spite of the fact that its parent, in-phase tilted P 4 / m b m phase is not found to occur. Our calculated enthalpies of formation show that the I 4 / m c m phase occurs at slightly higher volume than the cubic phase and has a negative transition pressure relative to the cubic phase, which suggests that it does not correspond to the high-pressure tetragonal phase. The enthalpy of the P n m a phase is almost indistinguishable from the I 4 / m c m phase. Alternative ferro-electric tetragonal and orthorhombic structures previously suggested in literature are discussed.
Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex.

Abstract The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets. We also show that IKKβ regulates these processes via modulation of phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKβ regulates membrane fusion and the remodeling of the CBM complex formation.
Near-field infrasound classification of rocket launch signatures

Discrimination between different rocket types is an important application for utilizing infrasound in event monitoring within a range of 0-100 km. This is in contrast to traditional nuclear weapons monitoring which leverages infrasound propagation over thousands of kilometers. The motivation of this research is to demonstrate the utilization of deep neural network architectures to discriminate infrasonic signals produced by rocket launches and collected by an near-field infrasound sensor array. The data collection contains three space bound rocket classes: Delta IV, Atlas V, and Falcon 9. In particular, we investigate the classification accuracy of a multi-class convolutional neural network (CNN) and a deep neural network (DNN) on various feature representations, such as neural network derived features, spectrograms, and wavelet scattering transform coefficients. Our experiments validate the viability of a CNN and DNN framework for near-field infrasonic applications, with our proposed method achieving favorable results.
On the Applications of Part Image Reconstruction Systems in Automated Manufacturing

This paper outlines the reverse engineering methodology to automate the process of CAD model reconstruction for existing parts and prototypes. Three-Dimensional (3-D) geometric information is extracted from a part surface by a non-contact Part Image Reconstruction System (PAIRS) developed by the authors. For each scanned part a CAD model consisting of a 3-D polygon mesh, along with the orthographic projections is created. This is in the form of a wire frame CAD model.
Epidemiologic Data on Seriously Emotionally Disturbed and Learning Disabled Adolescents: Reporting Extreme Depressive Symptomatology:

This study examined the relationship between extreme levels of depressive symptomatology and age, gender, and placement label among 465 students served in special education resource programs for the seriously emotionally disturbed and learning disabled. According to cutoff points on the Beck Depressive Inventory-Short Form, students' scores were categorized into either high or low depressive symptomatology groups. Group contrasts on the three epidemiologic variables were made via a logistic regression backward elimination strategy. Hierarchical loglinear analysis with backward elimination was computed on these variables. Gender was the only significant predictor of severe depressive symptomatology, with females more frequently categorized as exhibiting severe depressive symptomatology. Results are discussed in terms of identification and treatment issues.