cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposed Criteria for Systematic Evaluation of Qualitative Oncology Research

Oncology has made significant advances in standardizing how clinical research is conducted and reported. The advancement of such research that improves oncology practice requires an expansion of not only our research questions but also the research methods we deploy to address them. In particular, there is increasing recognition of the value of qualitative research methods to develop more comprehensive understandings of phenomena of interest and to describe and explain underlying motivations and potential causes of specific outcomes. However, qualitative researchers in oncology have lacked guidance to produce and evaluate methodologically rigorous qualitative publications. In this review, we highlight characteristics of high-quality, methodologically rigorous reports of qualitative research, provide criteria for readers and reviewers to appraise such publications critically, and proffer guidance for preparing publications for submission to Journal of Oncology Practice. Namely, the quality of qualitative research in oncology practice is best assessed according to key domains that include fitness of purpose, theoretical framework, methodological rigor, ethical concerns, analytic comprehensives, and the dissemination/application of findings. In particular, determinations of rigor in qualitative research in oncology practice should consider definitions of the appropriateness of qualitative methods for the research objectives against the setting of current literature, use of an appropriate theoretical framework, inclusion of a rigorous and innovative measurement plan, application of appropriate analytic techniques, and clear explanation and dissemination of the research findings.
Recalling the early days (first decade) of SIGCOMM and thoughts on future research directions

ACM SIGCOMM has reached its fiftieth birthday. The field is still remarkably strong, expanding into new disciplines as well as new application areas. Since I was an early SIGCOMM chair (1973-1977), I have been asked to recall the early days and discuss possible future directions.
Jointly Analyzing Alzheimer's Disease Related Structure-Function Using Deep Cross-Model Attention Network

Reversing the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has so far not been possible, a more tractable way may be having the intervention in its earlier stage, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which is considered as the precursor of AD. Recent advances in deep learning have triggered a new era in AD/MCI classification and a variety of deep models and algorithms have been developed to classify multiple clinical groups (e.g. aged normal control - CN vs. MCI) and AD conversion. Unfortunately, it is still largely unknown what is the relationship between the altered functional connectivity and structural connectome at individual level. In this work, we introduced a deep cross-model attention network (DCMAT) to jointly model brain structure and function. Specifically, DCMAT is composed of one RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) layer and multiple graph attention (GAT) blocks, which can effectively represent disease-specific functional dynamics on individual structural network. The designed attention layer (in GAT block) aims to learn deep relations among different brain regions when differentiating MCI from CN. The proposed DCMAT shows promising classification performance compared to recent studies. More importantly, our results suggest that the MCI related functional interactions might go beyond the directly connected brain regions.
Progression of Respiratory Support Following Pediatric Extubation.

OBJECTIVES High-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation have become ubiquitous in contemporary PICUs. Practice patterns associated with the use of these modalities have not been well described. In this study, we aimed to describe the use of high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in children after extubation and analyze the progression of usage in association with patient factors. Our secondary aim was to describe interventions used for postextubation stridor. DESIGN Single-center retrospective cohort study. SETTING A 36-bed quaternary medical-surgical PICU. PATIENTS Mechanically ventilated pediatric patients admitted between April 2017 and March 2018. Exclusions were patients in the cardiac ICU, patients requiring a tracheostomy or chronic ventilatory support, and patients with limited resuscitation status. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data regarding respiratory modality use was collected for the first 72 hours after extubation. There were 427 patients included in the analysis; 51 patients (11.9%) were extubated to room air, 221 (51.8%) to nasal cannula, 132 (30.9%) to high-flow nasal cannula, and 23 (5.4%) to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. By 72 hours, 314 patients (73.5%) were on room air, 52 (12.2%) on nasal cannula, 29 (6.8%) on high-flow nasal cannula, eight (1.9%) on noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and 24 (5.6%) were reintubated. High-flow nasal cannula was the most used respiratory modality for postextubation stridor. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation increased the odds of initial high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation use, and a diagnosis of cerebral palsy increased the odds of escalating from high-flow nasal cannula to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the first 24 hours post extubation. CONCLUSIONS High-flow nasal cannula is commonly used immediately after pediatric extubation and the development of postextubation stridor; however, its usage sharply declines over the following 72 hours. Larger multicenter trials are needed to identify high-risk patients for extubation failure that might benefit the most from prophylactic use of high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation after extubation.
Study of the reaction 12 C( 12 C,d) 22 Na

Excitation functions for the reaction $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{12}\mathrm{C},d)^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ in the energy range 37-44 MeV (lab) are compared to those for the $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{12}\mathrm{C},p)^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ reaction. Evidence is presented that the different channels "resonate" at different energies.
Changes Over Time in COVID-19 Vaccination Inequalities in Eight Large U.S. Cities

We estimate the associations between community socioeconomic composition and changes in COVID-19 vaccination levels in eight large cities at three time points. Between March and April, low SES communities had significantly lower change in percent vaccinated than high SES communities. Between April and May, this difference was not significant. Thus, the large vaccination gap between communities during restricted vaccine eligibility did not narrow when eligibility opened up. The link between COVID-19 vaccination and community disadvantage may lead to a bifurcated recovery where advantaged communities move on from the pandemic more quickly while disadvantaged communities continue to suffer.
Skin Desquamating Machine—A Tool Useful in Dermatologic Research1

In 1939, Wolf1, in connection with micro-anatomic studies, introduced the strip method for removing single cornifled layers from the skin by the application and removal of transparent adhesive tape. A dozen years later, Hermann Pinkus2'3, called attention to the usefulness of this method when applied repetitively for gradually removing some, or even all, of the cornified layers of the skin. He studied the method in beautiful detail and pointed out its great value in obtaining biometrie data about the epidermis. Since then, it has become increasingly evident that this method can be applied to many kinds of investigative problems involving the skin as exemplified by recent studies on histochemical responses to epidermal injury by Lobitz and Holyoke4; on the epidermal barrier by Szakall5, 6 and also by I. Blank7; on patch test reactions by Spier and Sixt8; and on localization of erythemal processes caused by ultraviolet irradiation by Bottier and Mullink9.
Metallic Lithium by Quantum Monte Carlo

Lithium was chosen as the simplest known metal for the first application of quantum Monte Carlo methods in order to evaluate the accuracy of conventional one-electron band theories. Lithium has been extensively studied using such techniques. The KKR method [l], the linear muffin tin orbital method (LMTO) [2], the augmented spherical wave method (ASW) [3] and a linear combinations of gaussian type orbitals (LCGTO) method [4] agree in their predictions of the equation of state. These results are also consistent with experimental data available at low compressions [5] [6] and agree with quantum-statistical-models [7] [8] at high pressures.
CMOS mixer design with micromachined input matching circuits for wireless applications

This paper demonstrates a new high quality and low cost double-balanced Gilbert mixer using CMOS-based MEMS technology. MEMS integrating matching circuits improve the performance of the mixer. The simulation shows 30% improved of inductor series resistance (from 15.828 ohms to 10.224 ohms @ 1GHz) with MEMS technology. An EM inductors model simulation is established. Both square and octagonal inductors with and without micromachined process are simulated and compared. Simulation result shows the mixer with octagonal inductor and micromachined process improved, in dB, a 25.4% in insertion loss, an 11.8% increase in conversion gain, a 42.45% in third intercept point (IIP3) and an 11.96% improvement in noise figure (NF).
2-D analysis of device parasitics for 800/1000 GHz f/sub T//f/sub max/ SiGe HBT

Using 2D energy balance simulations, various factors limiting f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ in scaled SiGe HBTs are examined. A regional parasitic analysis is made to identify the various intrinsic and extrinsic contributions. The impact of different scaling schemes on f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ are also discussed.
Trojan horse lymphocytes: a vesicular stomatitis virus-specific T-cell clone lyses target cells by carrying virus.

We have isolated a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-specific CD4+ CD8- murine T-cell clone. This clone proliferates only in response to VSV and lyses infected tumor cells bearing class II major histocompatibility antigens in short-term chromium release assays. In addition, the cell has VSV antigens on its surface and is capable of killing uninfected tumor cells without major histocompatibility antigen restriction in a 2-day assay. This latter cytolytic activity is eliminated by anti-VSV antibody, indicating that its lytic activity is provided by the virus. [35S]methionine labeling and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that viral protein translation is initiated after incubation of the clone with a tumor target cell, defining this as the mechanism of its cytolytic activity. Images
Integrating Outcome Oriented Performance Measures into Traffic Signal Operations Business Processes

Deployment of improvements in signal systems are often constrained by a variety of issues. Some of these are technical, particularly the dependency of systems on the proper function of many different components. Other issues are institutional. This paper presents a view of the technical components based on the Open Systems Interconnection model that is tailored to specific aspects of signal systems, and discusses the business processes of signal systems deployment from a systems engineering perspective, as a framework for understanding how performance measures can be introduced as a means of connecting specific objectives with the appropriate use cases and audiences. An example is presented for the application of detector error checking from the perspective of a system built from the "bottom up" rather than the "top down".
United States Senate Committee on Finance Hearing on Indian Governments and the Tax Code: Maximizing Tax Incentives for Economic Development (July 22, 2008) - Statement of Erik M. Jensen

In this statement presented to the Senate Committee on Finance, the author makes several points: (1) potential investors in Indian country are deterred by the uncertain tax situation they would face; (2) Congress has it within its power to rationalize the taxing structure in Indian country - to lessen the extreme uncertainty attributable to multiple taxing jurisdictions and the overlay of American Indian law principles that must be applied to resolve jurisdictional disputes; (3) some special tax benefits intended to further investment in Indian country, like accelerated depreciation and the Indian employment credit, have not been fully effective because their status has been redetermined on an annual, or almost annual, basis; and, (4) given the statutory structure that now exists, the Internal Revenue Service has been justified, when deciding whether financing undertaken by American Indian nations will be eligible for tax-exempt status, in interpreting the term essential governmental function narrowly.
Prediction of the solar radiant flux and heating rates in a polluted atmosphere

A direct method for the solution of the spherical harmonics approximation to the equation of radiative transfer in an inhomogeneous, absorbing, emitting, non-isotropically scattering plane-parallel atmosphere is presented. The P 1 and P 3 -approximations of the spherical harmonics method are compared with other more detailed methods for determining the solar radiative flux and the flux divergence in an absorbing and scattering atmosphere with an arbitrary phase function. The solar heating rates due to absorption by the pollution aerosols were predicted for a model atmosphere as a function of aerosol composition, concentration distribution, and solar elevation angle. The solar heating rates for nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide are also determined. It is found that a small amount of absorbing particles can significantly affect the radiative transfer in the atmosphere. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00633.x
Central role of peroxisomes in isoprenoid biosynthesis

Peroxisomes contain enzymes catalyzing a number of indispensable metabolic functions mainly related to lipid metabolism. The importance of peroxisomes in man is stressed by the existence of genetic disorders in which the biogenesis of the organelle is defective, leading to complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to emphasize some of the recent findings related to the localization of cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes in peroxisomes and to discuss the impairment of cholesterol biosynthesis in peroxisomal deficiency diseases.
Radiation-driven Optomechanical Pressure Sensor

We experimentally demonstrate the first optomechanical pressure-sensor employing an all-silica multi-mode optomechanical oscillator at 16 MHz and 11 GHz, simultaneously driven by radiation-pressure and SBS. A hollow whispering-gallery microresonator is used as the pressure-sensing cavity.
Effect of different UCOE-promoter combinations in creation of engineered cell lines for the production of Factor VIII.

Background The most common approach used in generating cell lines for the production of therapetic proteins relies on gene amplification induced by a drug resistance gene e. g., DHFR and glutamine synthetase. Practically, this results in screening large number of clones for the one that expresses high levels of the biologic in a stable manner. The inefficiency of mammalian vector systems to express proteins in a stable manner typically involves silencing of the exogenous gene resulting from modifications such as methylation of CpG DNA sequences, histone deacetylation and chromatin condensation. The use of un-methylated CpG island fragments from housekeeping genes referred to as UCOE (ubiquitous chromatin opening elements) in plasmid vectors is now well established for increased stability of transgene expression. However, few UCOE-promoter combinations have been studied to date and in this report we have tested 14 different combinations.
THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL INTERACTIONS IN TETRABENZPORPHYRINS

Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) was measured for a variety of tetrabenzporphyrin compounds in solution in tetrahydrofuran at 532 nm using the technique of degenerate four-wave mixing. High values in the range 10−9 to 10−8 esu are observed. The dominant contribution comes from the imaginary part as a result of excited state absorption. Measurements were also made on thin films, deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique, for one of the compounds. Mirrorless all-optical bistability induced by reverse saturable absorption was observed. These materials are good candidates for some applications in photonics technology.
LDV measurement of turbulent liquid velocity field in channels with curved wall

Abstract This paper reports the use of a beam tracing algorithm and a beam steering device to measure, by two-component laser Doppler velocimetry, the velocity field in isothermal turbulent flow of liquid Refrigerant-113 through a vertical pyrex glass tube. Measurement of the mean velocity field in isothermal and heated turbulent flow of the same liquid through a vertical concentric annular channel is also reported. Satisfactory data are obtained and the measurement method is deemed suitable for further detailed measurements.
What factors affect the discrepancy rate between preliminary resident interpretations of neuroimaging studies and the final attending interpretation

This month’s issue of Academic Radiology contains an educational research study by Sistrom and Deitte (1) on the performance of radiology residents in interpretation of after-hours and overnight neuroimaging studies over a period of approximately 5 years. The researchers performed a systematic, prospective review of nearly 22,000 preliminary interpretations of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the head, orbits, face, neck, and spine, and obtained discrepancy data from the attending neuroradiologist who created the final radiology report. The major results of this study can be described in two separate sections in this editorial. First, this study confirms the results of several smaller studies that demonstrate a relatively low rate of disagreement between the preliminary resident interpretation and the final attending neuroradiologist interpretation. In this study, the authors found an overall disagreement rate of 3.91%, with the vast majority of these discrepant findings deemed to have minimal clinical impact (3.05%). The rate of disagreement with discrepant findings deemed to have significant clinical impact was 0.86%; the mean number of significant disagreements remained stable at about 3 per month, despite increasing case volume load over the study period. In conjunction with the prior research studies, these results support the longstanding policy at many academic medical centers to allow residents the privilege
A Stereoelectronic Model To Explain the Highly Stereoselective Reactions of Nucleophiles with Five-Membered-Ring Oxocarbenium Ions

To date, no general stereoelectronic model has been offered to explain stereoselective reactions of five-membered-ring oxocarbenium and iminium ions. In contrast, the model used to understand the stereoselectivity of nucleophilic attack upon sixmembered-ring cations is a powerful predictive tool used widely by synthetic organic chemists.1,2 Because of the importance of five-membered-ring oxocarbenium ions as reactive intermediates in bioorganic3 and synthetic organic chemistry,4-6 a model that would provide insight regarding their reactivities would be an invaluable complement to the current understanding of stereoselective reactions. In this paper, we present a general stereoelectronic model (the “inside attack” model) to explain the stereoselective reactions of five-membered-ring oxocarbenium ions. Previous models employed to explain stereoselective reactions of five-membered-ring oxocarbenium ions do not encompass a wide range of substrates, nucleophiles, and conditions. The most advanced model was proposed by Reissig based upon a systematic study of reactions of monomethyl γ-lactols.7,8 This model, however, has limitations. For example, the stereoselective nucleophilic substitutions of carbon nucleophiles onto D-ribose acetals such as 1 (eq 1), reactions for which oxocarbenium ion
Statin Withdrawal: Clinical Implications and Molecular Mechanisms

Retrospective analyses of data from the Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management (PRISM), the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 4, and the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) trials revealed that the benefits of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) on acute coronary outcomes are rapidly lost and outcomes worsened if statins are discontinued during a patient's hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome. Withdrawal of statin therapy in the first 24 hours of hospitalization for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction increased the hospital morbidity and mortality rate versus continued therapy (11.9% vs 5.7%, p<0.01). Data from the Treating New Targets (TNT) study, however, suggested that short-term discontinuation of statin therapy in patients with stable cardiac conditions may not substantially increase the risk of acute coronary syndromes. In patients with acute coronary syndromes who discontinue statins, the rapid increase in risk of an event may result not only from the lost benefits from the therapy, but also from rebound inhibition of vascular protective substances and activation of vascular deleterious substances. Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis in vascular cells. By reducing levels of isoprenoid intermediates, statins increase the production of nitric oxide and downregulate angiotensin II AT(1) receptors, endothelin-1, vascular inflammatory adhesion molecules, and inflammatory cytokines. These benefits are rapidly lost and often transiently reversed when statins are acutely discontinued. Acute removal of pleiotropic effects and rebound vascular dysfunction may be more important in an acute coronary event, where inflammation promotes rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and inflammatory and prothrombosis markers are present in high concentration, than in stable chronic vascular disease. In the absence of data from randomized controlled trials, current information suggests that statin therapy should be continued, and possibly boosted, during hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome. Because statins are discontinued during the early hospitalization of many patients, practitioners must ensure that statins are not omitted, unless contraindicated, from the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Development of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici in seedling plants of slow-rusting wheats

Quantitative histological studies of slow- and intermediate-slow rusting seedling wheats showed that slow rusting was associated with reduced hyphal development within the host, reduced numbers of haustoria and greater host necrosis (percentage of necrotic sites and area of host necrosis) compared to a fast-rusting wheat. Degree of penetration (measured as percentage penetration) was not associated with slow rusting. Slow rusting apparently results from limited growth in the host after penetration has occurred.
Coercive psychiatry and human rights: An assessment of recent changes in the Soviet Union

In light of the historical context in which the visit of the United States delegation took place, the emphasis was on the political abuse of psychiatry. It should be clear, however, that the repression of dissidents is only the most visible manifestation of a system of psychiatric control that has been, and continues to be, profoundly insensitive to human rights. Although some tentative steps have been taken to subject coercive psychiatry to the rule of law, these limited initiatives have not yet become operational. Implementation of the legal reforms recommended by the delegation would help to reduce the likelihood that the pattern of psychiatric repression will reemerge. But the proposed reforms have a larger purpose—to assure that the practice of psychiatry in the Soviet Union is properly respectful of fundamental human rights, whether or not the patients have engaged in political or religious dissent.
A metronidazole metabolite in human urine and its risk

Metronidazole is a drug used for the treatment of trichomonal vaginitis, amebiasis, giardiasis, and certain anaerobic bacterial infections in humans. Acetamide and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamic acid are metabolites of metronidazole in the rat, and we find small amounts of both metabolites in the urine of human patients taking the drug. Although acetamide is carcinogenic for rats, we do not believe that our finding further defines metronidazole's risk for humans. That risk can only be estimated from surveillance of people previously exposed to the drug.
Price-preference vs. tariff policies in government procurement auctions

Abstract This paper compares tariff policies with price-preference policies in auctioning government procurement. I demonstrate that the two policies are equivalent both in terms of the government's expected procurement costs and the domestic and foreign bidder's expected profits.
Spin coating of transparent zinc oxide films using novel precursor

The coating of transparent ZnO films using zinc 2-ethylhexanoate [Zn(OOCH(C2H5)C4H9)2] as a novel metal organic monomer is reported. Zinc 2-ethylhexanoate is liquid at room temperature and can be spin-coated on a flat substrate without precipitation of ZnO under ambient condition. The spin-coated films were heated at different temperatures to remove unwanted organic materials from the surface. It was found that transparent ZnO films could be produced on glass substrates at low heating temperature (~400 °C). The ZnO films produced using the new monomer were free of cracks and defects. Also the ZnO films produced using the new monomer have excellent optical transmittance, mechanical properties and small surface roughness. The surface morphology and degree of crystallinity of the films coated by the new monomer were compared with these properties of ZnO films produced using zinc acetate-based sol–gels. The results clearly indicate that the novel monomer is a potential precursor for coating transparent ZnO films at low temperatures.
Benjamin Franklin and Timothy Folger's First Printed Chart of the Gulf Stream

A print of the Benjamin Franklin and Timothy Folger 1769-1770 chart of the Gulf Stream, all copies of which have been "lost" for nearly 200 years, was found in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. This is the first chart of the Gulf Stream and continues today to be a good summary of its strength, course, and breadth.
Dimension measurement on high-dimensional systems

Abstract Using experimental data from a variety of laboratory electrical systems the upper limits on dimension measurement are examined, and it is shown that contrary to standard scaling estimates it can be possible to reliably measure correlation dimensions larger than 10. The practical implications of the constraints on such a measurement are examined, including the role of statistical errors, geometrical artifacts, dimension algorithm, metric choice, and the process power spectrum. These ideas are applied to electrical 1/ f noise from both macroscopic and microscopic sources to show that it cannot be explained by a deterministic model with fewer than roughly 20 degrees of freedom.
Compressive failure of microcracked porous brittle solids

Abstract Constitutive equations for porous, brittle solids are developed based on the damage mechanics of elastic materials containing cavities and microcracks. For homogeneous deformation modes, microcrack growth from pores causes changes in the average elastic compliance of the material. Failure criteria in terms of bifurcations of the constitutive paths are established by examining the properties of the evolving tangent stiffness tensor. Limit points as well as localized shear band failure modes are addressed. The influence of moderate levels of lateral stresses is studied for biaxial stress states.
Advances in dementia imaging.

Aside effect of our aging population is an increasing incidence of dementia. Historically, the role of imaging in dementia has been directed at ruling out the various treatable etiologies. Now a variety of imaging techniques are available or under development for evaluating the structural, biochemical, and functional changes seen in neurodegenerative disease. The advent of these new imaging techniques can help differentiate diseases that have overlapping symptomatology and offers the possibility of diagnosing conditions before they become clinically apparent. The following review is intended to discuss the currently available imaging tools specific to dementia and to introduce some research techniques that may play a clinical role in the future. Given our emphasis on new and emerging techniques, this review is necessarily restricted to the most common causes of dementia, namely Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
In vivo farnesylation of rat rhodopsin kinase.

Abstract We have shown by intravitreal injection of [ 3 H]mevalonolactone that a 65 kDa protein in rat photoreceptors is posttranslationally modified by farnesylation. We further identified this 65 kDa prenylated protein as rhodopsin kinase based on its affinity for photolyzed rhodopsin and its ability to autophosphorylate in the presence of [γ- 32 P]ATP. The farnesylation of rhodopsin kinase may be important for correctly targeting this enzyme to the photoreceptor outer segments, allowing it to phosphorylate photolyzed rhodopsin efficiently.
Two-year follow-up of areola-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction.

Abstract Objective Areola-sparing mastectomy (ASM) is defined as resecting the nipple and any existing surgical biopsy scar, removing all breast parenchyma, and leaving a natural envelope of skin (including the areola), which improves the aesthetic result of immediate reconstruction. We previously demonstrated a Methods During a 20-month period, 17 ASMs with immediate reconstruction were performed on 12 patients. Patients were followed-up prospectively by the surgical oncologist for complications and recurrence. Results ASM was performed for breast cancer prophylaxis (n = 10), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 4), and Conclusions Overall, we found that ASM with immediate reconstruction provides excellent aesthetic results with infrequent complications. Furthermore, in this small series we showed no recurrence at 2 years. We continue to offer ASM for selected patients including those desiring surgical breast cancer prophylaxis as well as those with DCIS or small peripheral infiltrating ductal carcinoma.
Dupont's CFB technology for maleic anhydride

Abstract Different stages of development of Dupont's new circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) technology for maleic anhydride from its conception to commercialization are summarized. The discussion covers (a) Background on why use a CFB reactor over alternatives for partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride, (b) Feasibility demonstration of the concept in a laboratory-scale CFB reactor, (c) Development of an improved attrition resistant vanadium phosphorous oxide catalyst, (d) Steady-state performance demonstration in a 10× scaled-up pilot plant, (e) Catalyst life study, (f) Scale-up to a large demonstration plant and (g) Commercialization of the technology.
Channel reciprocity in single-mode free-space optical links

This article describes observations of near-unity signal correlations obtained during a recent series of single-mode lasercom experiments in which links were established between a small aircraft and a ground station separated by ranges up to 80km.
Luminescence of [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ Bound to RNA Mismatches

The luminescence of rac-[Ru(bpy)_2(dppz)]^(2+) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) was explored in the presence of RNA oligonucleotides containing a single RNA mismatch (CA and GG) in order to develop a probe for RNA mismatches. While there is minimal luminescence of [Ru(bpy)_2(dppz)]^(2+) in the presence of matched RNA due to weak binding, the luminescence is significantly enhanced in the presence of a single CA mismatch. The luminescence differential between CA mismatched and matched RNA is substantially higher compared to the DNA analogue, and therefore, [Ru(bpy)_2(dppz)]^(2+) appears to be also a sensitive light switch probe for a CA mismatch in duplex RNA. Although the luminescence intensity is lower in the presence of RNA than DNA, Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the donor ruthenium complex and FRET acceptor SYTO 61 is successfully exploited to amplify the luminescence in the presence of the mismatch. Luminescence and quenching studies with sodium iodide suggest that [Ru(bpy)_2(dppz)]^(2+) binds to these mismatches via metalloinsertion from the minor groove. This work provides further evidence that metalloinsertion is a general binding mode of octahedral metal complexes to thermodynamically destabilized mismatches not only in DNA but also in RNA.
Diversity in unity: practical unity and personal boundaries

In the spirit of the discussion in Daniel Kolak’s I Am You: The Metaphysical Foundation for Global Ethics, I consider the way in which divisions that we usually think of as borders between distinct people occur within a single life. Starting with the dispute between constructionist and non-constructionist views of persons, I argue for a view that places the unity of persons in the dynamic generated by simultaneously taking a constructionist and non-constructionist view of oneself. In order to unify ourselves as agents we need to treat past and future selves as others, but to motivate this endeavor we need to think of ourselves as temporally extended agents, and so identify with past and future selves. Understanding this dynamic illuminates the structure of our agency and the unity of the self.
Boundary layer coagulation effects on the size distribution of thermophoretically deposited particles

Abstract In highly loaded aerosol flow systems of industrial interest, to what extent is the particle size distribution (PSD)in a deposit altered by inevitable coagulation events within the thin two-phase “boundary layer” adjacent to the collecting surface? As a timely example, under typical optical waveguide preform deposition conditions (which include thermophoretically dominated submicron particle deposition at high particle mass loadings), we predict that, while Brownian diffusion plays a negligible role in determining the total particle mass deposition rate, Brownian coagulation(along with gas shear) plays an important role in determining the size distribution of the depositing particles of doped silica. Since the size spectrum of the depositing particles, here assumed to be spherical, will strongly influence all thermophysical and structural properties of the porous depositied glass, our mathematical model/illustrative calculations can be used to circumvent the difficult problem of optically probing the thin laminar thermal boundary layer to infer this size spectrum information. Moreover, an understanding of “PSD shifts” induced by coagulation in the immediate vicinity of sampling probes/surfaces (including “thermophoretic sampling” recently applied in organic soot reseach) can be used to correct electron-microscope-inferred particle size/shape distributions for the systematic effects of coagulation within such boundary layers in systems with higher particle mass loadings.
Proposed spot-test for pronounced hyperamylasemia.

A simple, rapidly performed spot-test using paper impregnated with a dye-labeled substrate has been devised which distinguishes hyperamylasemia of appreciable degree. As presently constructed, however, the test does not permit precise quantitative assessment of amylase activity. Although the procedure must be considered as still rudimentary, it appears to have considerable potential as a diagnostic device.
Comparison of cardiovascular and behavioral responses to near-threshold acoustic stimuli in baboons

Three male baboons were trained to respond in an auditory psychophysical procedure to obtain reliable estimates of their auditory thresholds. Subsequently, animals were implanted with femoral catheters and retested at near-threshold levels of a 1.0-kHz tone. Beat-by-beat information was obtained on changes in interbeat interval (IBI) and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) during tone presentations. IBIs decreased as stimulus intensity increased when animals correctly detected the stimuli, whereas no changes in IBI occurred when the animals did not detect the stimuli or when the response lever was removed in a probe session. No changes in SBP were observed, and one animal showed significant increases in DBP as stimulus intensity increased. Thresholds estimated from the overall functions relating changes in IBI to changes in stimulus intensity were approximately 7-9 dB higher than thresholds estimated from behavioral psychometric functions.
Oriental defense exercises as reciprocal inhibitors of anxiety

Abstract In a case of claustrophobia and in another with fears of flying, Japanese defense activities of the Karate type proved to be effective counter-conditioners of anxiety. They were used in the former case in vivo and in the latter case both in imagination and in vivo .
Chemical Shift Effects in NMR Imaging of Adhesives and Adhesive Joints

Chemical shift effects in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) of adhesives are demonstrated and discussed. The effects of more than one proton resonance on slice selection and on the final image are shown. Relative chemical shift effects are introduced to explain, numerically, how sample size, spectral width, and gradient strengths affect the observed image. The potential and limitations of using chemical shift effects in adhesive studies are discussed with illustrative examples. A model adhesive system was studied which was a typical solventless two-component polyurethane adhesive.
Neurophysiologic responses of peripheral nerve to anoxia: effects of hypothermia and age.

Abstract Objective Quantify how temperature and age modulate the effects of multiple periods of anoxia on peripheral nerve. Methods Nerve action potentials (NAP) recorded from rat sciatic nerve in vitro. Effects of multiple cycles of anoxia on the NAP are evaluated as functions of temperature and age. In some experiments, the nerve was held at constant temperature and others the nerve was hypothermic only during anoxia and returned to 36 °C with restoration of oxygen. Results Hypothermia mitigates the effect of anoxia on the NAP, an effect that increases with multiple cycles of anoxia. Preservation of the NAP waveform after 5 cycles of anoxia is best when hypothermia is delivered only during anoxia. Hypothermia reduces the rate at which the NAP disappears during anoxia but has a limited effect on the rate of recovery. With intermittent hypothermia the amplitude of the NAP is best preserved with temperatures of 15–22 °C. Velocity and duration are best preserved below 25 °C. The loss of the NAP during anoxia is slower in the older nerves. Conclusions Lower temperatures improve the recovery of the NAP from anoxia and increase the time it takes for the NAP to disappear during anoxia as does increasing age. Significance Document the effects of hypothermia on the anoxia response as a step toward understanding its nerve protectant effect.
Assessment of Steady State PSP, TSP, and IR Measurement Techniques for Flat Plate Film Cooling

Several steady state measurement techniques are used to measure the film cooling effectiveness on a flat plate. Pressure sensitive paint (PSP), temperature sensitive paint (TSP), and infrared (IR) thermography are used to measure the film cooling effectiveness. To compare these measurement techniques, a single row of cylindrical holes, with a compound angle, are used. Seven holes (D = 4 mm) are equally spaced 12 mm apart, and the hole length-to-diameter ratio is 9.92. The axial angle (θ) of the holes is 30°, and the compound angle (β) is 45°. In addition to evaluating the various measurement techniques the effect of the coolant blowing ratio is considered; effectiveness measurements are taken for blowing ratios, M, of 0.4, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8. The effect of mainstream turbulence intensity is considered with the addition of a turbulence grid to the low speed wind tunnel. Of the three steady state measurement techniques considered in this study, PSP demonstrates the most promise for the measurement of the film cooling effectiveness. Because PSP is a mass transfer technique, film effectiveness measurements can be readily obtained near the film cooling holes. Although the heat transfer techniques of TSP and IR thermography are more desirable than traditional thermocouples or liquid crystal thermography, the applicability of measurements near the holes is questionable due to conduction problems associated with steady state heat transfer techniques.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Increased osteonectin expression is associated with malignant transformation and tumor associated fibrosis in the lung

Chemical transformation of the SV-40 immortalized bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS2-B induces alterations in molecules involved in cell cycle control, including up-regulation of EGFR and cyclin E [Oncogene 13 (1996) 1983; Clin Cancer Res 8 (2002) 54]. The finding that these changes also occur in vivo, in both pre-invasive and invasive lung cancer [Cancer Res 55 (1995) 1365; Cancer Res 59 (1999) 2470], proves this to be a suitable model to study lung carcinogenesis. The current study tested the hypothesis that chemical treatment of BEAS2-B with Cigarette Smoke Condensate (CSC) may affect levels of gene products involved in cell adhesion and tissue remodeling. To this end, we studied the extent of changes in osteonectin (ON) protein levels induced in BEAS 2 B-cells by CSC treatment and its timing to changes occurring in the anchorage independent cloning efficiency. ON, a multimodular protein component of the extra-cellular matrix, has been implicated in tissue remodeling occurring in neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions, but its role in lung carcinogenesis is incompletely characterized. To validate the in vitro findings, as in our previous reports, we studied resected lung tissue, to assess whether ON expression in neoplastic lung tissue differs from normal, and to determine its cellular localization. We found that CSC treatment of BEAS2-B cells results in a 7-16-fold increase in ON protein levels, that is associated with increased colony forming efficiency. ON is absent in normal lung; in contrast it is present in the majority (39/52) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, its expression is restricted to peritumoral fibroblasts in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In contrast, it is localized to tumor cells in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (8/10). Thus, up-regulated ON is linked in vitro to cell transformation and in vivo, it is frequently expressed in tumor-associated fibrosis, compatible with its proposed role in tissue remodelling. Increased ON expression by tumor cells appears to represent a marker of sarcomatoid NSCLC.
Scarce Differences: Toward a Material and Systemic Foundation for Offensive and Defensive Realism

A divide has opened up between offensive and defensive realism as to the relative scarcity of security in the international system, with powerful implications for the vision each approach offers about the nature of international politics. Yet we still do not understand why the two diverge given their common neorealist foundations. This article reviews implicit, explicit, and other potential explanations of that difference—the relationship between power and security, the offense-defense balance, the prevalence and efficiency of balancing vs. bandwagoning, and the role played by uncertainty in decision-making—and finds them lacking in their ability to provide an adequate account that is systemic and structural in nature, does not violate arguments the scholars have made in practice, and does not confuse cause with effect. Finding prior efforts lacking, this article proposes that the distinction could be logically rooted in material scarcity, a familiar theme in realism historically that has been ignored in ...
Proteolytic cleavage of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase by caspase-3 during DNA damage-induced apoptosis.

p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) plays an important role in protein translation and cell cycle progression. Increased levels of p70S6K have been associated with drug resistance. In this study, we have invest...
Continuous wave laser gas heating by sustained plasmas in flowing argon

This paper reports the results of an in-depth study of laser-sustained plasmas in flowing argon for application to laser propulsion. The experiments were performed in a pressurized absorption chamber using a 10 kW CO2 laser. Global absorption measurements have been carried out under a range of laser powers, pressures, and flow rates, indicating a total absorption approaching 80%. Thermocouples have been used to map gas temperatures in the downstream mixing zone. These mappings were used to estimate thermal conversion efficiencies. Thermal efficiency was found to be 6-25%, depending on the pressure, flow rate, and laser power. These thermal efficiencies correspond to radiative losses of 64 and 30%, respectively. Two-dimensional spectroscopic relative-intensity temperature mappings of the plasma core agree spatially with the results of a numerical model. The spectroscopic data indicate peak plasma temperatures of 18,000 K, with the global absorption of laser energy calculated to be 56.2%.
A six-year study of sapling and large-tree growth and mortality responses to natural and induced variability in precipitation and throughfall

Global climatic change may cause changes in regional precipitation that have important implications for forest growth in the southern United States. In 1993, a stand-level experiment was initiated on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, to study the sensitivity of forest saplings and large trees to changes in soil water content. Soil water content was manipulated by gravity-driven transfer of precipitation throughfall from a dry treatment plot (-33%) to a wet treatment plot (+33%). A control plot was included. Each plot was 6400 m2. Measurements of stem diameter and observations of mortality were made on large trees and saplings of Acer rubrum L., Cornus florida L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Nyssa sylvatica Marsh, Quercus alba L. and Quercus prinus L. every 2 weeks during six growing seasons. Saplings of C. florida and A. rubrum grew faster and mortality was less on the wet plot compared with the dry and control plots, through 6 years of soil water manipulation. Conversely, diameter growth of large trees was unaffected by the treatments. However, tree diameter growth averaged across treatments was affected by year-to- year changes in soil water status. Growth in wet years was as much as 2-3 times greater than in dry years. Relationships between tree growth, phenology and soil water potential were consistent among species and quantitative expressions were developed for application in models. These field growth data indicate that differences in seasonal patterns of rainfall within and between years have greater impacts on growth than percentage changes in rainfall applied to all rainfall events.