cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microtubule nucleation for the assembly of acentrosomal microtubule arrays in plant cells

Contents Summary I. Introduction II. MT arrays in plant cells III. γ-Tubulin and MT nucleation IV. MT nucleation sites or flexible MTOCs in plant cells V. MT-dependent MT nucleation VI. Generating new MTs for spindle assembly VII. Generation of MTs for phragmoplast expansion during cytokinesis VIII. MT generation for the cortical MT array IX. MT nucleation: looking forward Acknowledgements References SUMMARY: Cytoskeletal microtubules (MTs) have a multitude of functions including intracellular distribution of molecules and organelles, cell morphogenesis, as well as segregation of the genetic material and separation of the cytoplasm during cell division among eukaryotic organisms. In response to internal and external cues, eukaryotic cells remodel their MT network in a regulated manner in order to assemble physiologically important arrays for cell growth, cell proliferation, or for cells to cope with biotic or abiotic stresses. Nucleation of new MTs is a critical step for MT remodeling. Although many key factors contributing to MT nucleation and organization are well conserved in different kingdoms, the centrosome, representing the most prominent microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), disappeared during plant evolution as angiosperms lack the structure. Instead, flexible MTOCs may emerge on the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and even organelles depending on types of cells and organisms and/or physiological conditions. MT-dependent MT nucleation is particularly noticeable in plant cells because it accounts for the primary source of MT generation for assembling spindle, phragmoplast, and cortical arrays when the γ-tubulin ring complex is anchored and activated by the augmin complex. It is intriguing what proteins are associated with plant-specific MTOCs and how plant cells activate or inactivate MT nucleation activities in spatiotemporally regulated manners.
Multiparity is associated with poorer cardiovascular health among women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Abstract Background Multiparity is associated with a greater risk of incident cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship of parity with cardiovascular health, as measured by the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 metrics, is uncertain. Objective We aimed to examine the association between parity and ideal cardiovascular health among 3,430 women, aged 45-84 years, free of clinical cardiovascular disease enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Study design The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a prospective cohort study that recruited middle aged to older women and men from six centers in the United States between 2000 and 2002. The study population comprised 38% White, 28% Black, 23% Hispanic and 11% Chinese Americans. Parity (total number of live births) was self-reported and categorized as 0, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5. The Life’s Simple 7 metrics, defined according to American Heart Association criteria include health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet) and health factors, (blood pressure, total cholesterol and blood glucose). We categorized each metric into ideal (2-points), intermediate (1-point) and poor (0-points). A total cardiovascular health score of 0-8 was considered inadequate; 9-10, average, and 11-14, optimal. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional association between parity and cardiovascular health score, adjusted for socio-demographics, field site, hormone therapy and menopause. Results The mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years. The mean (SD) cardiovascular health score was lower with higher parity [8.9 (2.3), 8.7 (2.3), 8.5 (2.2), and 7.8 (2.0) for 0, 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 live births, respectively]. In comparison to inadequate cardiovascular health scores, the adjusted odds of average cardiovascular health scores were significantly lower for all parity categories relative to nulliparity [prevalence Odds Ratios (OR) for parity of 1-2, 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.83); 3-4, 0.65 (0.49-0.86); ≥5, 0.64 (0.45-0.91)]. Women with ≥5 live births had a lower prevalence of optimal cardiovascular health scores [OR 0.50 (0.30-0.83)]. In the fully adjusted models, the association between parity and each Life’s Simple 7 metric was only statistically significant for body mass index. Women with ≥5 live births had lower prevalence of ideal body mass index [OR 0.52 (0.35-0.80)]. In addition, the test for interaction showed that the association between parity and cardiovascular health was not modified by race/ethnicity (P=0.81 for average cardiovascular health scores and 0.20 for optimal cardiovascular health scores). Conclusion Multiparity was associated with poorer cardiovascular health, especially for women with ≥5 live births. More research is required to explore the mechanisms by which parity may worsen cardiovascular health.
Applying a Commercialization-Readiness Framework to Optimize Value for Achieving Sustainability of an Electronic Health Data Research Network and Its Data Capabilities: The SAFTINet Experience.

Context: Sustaining electronic health data networks and maximizing return on federal investment in their development is essential for achieving national data insight goals for transforming health care. However, crossing the business model chasm from grant funding to self-sustaining viability is challenging. Case description: This paper presents lessons learned in seeking the sustainability of the Scalable Architecture for Federated Translational Inquiries Network (SAFTINet), and electronic health data network involving over 50 primary care practices in three states. SAFTINet was developed with funding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to create a multi-state network for comparative effectiveness research (CER) involving safety-net patients. Methods: Three analyses were performed: (1) a product gap analysis of alternative data sources; (2) a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threat (SWOT) analysis of SAFTINet in the context of competing alternatives; and (3) a customer discovery process involving approximately 150 SAFTINet stakeholders to identify SAFTINet’s sustaining value proposition for health services researchers, clinical data partners, and policy makers. Findings: The results of this business model analysis informed SAFTINet’s sustainability strategy. The fundamental high-level product needs were similar between the three primary customer segments: credible data, efficient and easy to use, and relevance to their daily work or ‘jobs to be done’. However, how these benefits needed to be minimally demonstrated varied by customer such that different supporting evidence was required. Major Themes: The SAFTINet experience illustrates that commercialization-readiness and business model methods can be used to identify multi-sided value propositions for sustaining electronic health data networks and their data capabilities as drivers of health care transformation.
Strata and Strategies of Teaching about the Global "Other" Using Critical Feminist Pedagogical Praxis.

In this article, I analyze the way “globalization” is deployed in US universities as a value addition. I explore issues of teaching about the global “Other,” the “third world,” and other unfamiliar, objectified spaces. Through critical discourse analysis of syllabi, I outline some representational and pedagogical trends. I also draw from my experience of teaching undergraduate-level globalization-focused courses, including courses on transnational feminisms, international literature, social movements, migrations, and socioeconomic exchanges. Teaching about “the other” often leads to a multiplier effect of othering within the classroom. Using transnational feminist perspectives, I argue that teaching such classes on “global,” “transnational,” or “international” women, gender, sexuality, and feminisms requires decentering not just of dominant paradigms but also of oneself as purveyor of insider or global knowledge. I also argue, as have many others before me, that a classroom can serve as a site for epistemic injustices and colonizing acts; we must attempt to find ways in which such neocolonial damages can be mitigated. This article is an exercise in finding some ways to decenter and decolonize dominant discourses on the global Other and suggest critical and compassionate pedagogical strategies.
Outlining the Black Box: An Introduction to Four Papers:

This is an introduction to a special issue devoted to the black box metaphor in science and technology studies (STS). The author briefly addresses the history of the metaphor and its use in the STS...
Exact Geometrical Optics Scattering by a Truncated Rectangular Metal Trench

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by metallic structures with sharp edges does not usually allow for exact geometrical optics solutions. However, several such solutions have been recently found by this author, under the assumption that the target is simultaneously illuminated by more than one primary plane wave [1]–[4]. The common feature of these boundary-value problems is that the incident waves must combine in such a way as not to excite the sharp metallic edges of the target.
The Chimeric Bud-Sport ‘Delicious’ (Red) Mutant Strain, It, Expresses Lethal-Effect Resistance Against the Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Three 'Red Delicious,' Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosales: Rosaceae), apple plantings, each representing a different sport, were evaluated for natural resistance against the obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The establishment of neonate larvae on apple foliage was not different between the three 'Red Delicious' plantings. Of the three 'Red Delicious' plantings, the one that most negatively impacted OBLR was the 'It Delicious' genotype. The 'It Delicious' genotype at the Sunrise Research Orchard exhibited essentially 100% mortality against OBLR when fed on spring and summer foliage, and mortality accumulated faster across instars than on other 'Red Delicious' plantings. The high mortality observed in the 'It Delicious' genotype points to the existence of a putative gene, which we propose as Cro1. The other 'Red Delicious' plantings, Columbia River Orchard and Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Research Orchard treatments, showed negative impacts, especially when exposed to foliage from the summer compared to the spring period. Development rates in these treatments in spring were higher compared to summer, and there were direct relationships between development rates, pupal weights, and adult longevity for both males and females. These latter results suggest that sublethal effects could be present in these 'Red Delicious' cultivars, thus offering insights to a gene-pyramiding strategy for breeders to managing leafroller pests in Washington apple.
Integrated techno-economic and environmental analysis of guayule rubber production

Abstract Persistent drought poses a significant risk to farmers in the southwest United States. Adopting drought tolerant crops that yield high value products will help mitigate this risk. One potential crop is guayule, which is known for its high natural rubber content. In this work, a process model was created to quantify all materials and energy required to cultivate, harvest, transport, and extract guayule rubber and co-products. This process model was used to enable the first concurrent techno-economic and environmental analysis of guayule. The techno-economic and environmental results include two scenarios: 1) a baseline scenario in which bagasse and resin are sold at predefined values and 2) an on-site heat and power scenario in which bagasse is combusted to generate heat and electricity. The result of the techno-economic analysis for the baseline scenario was a minimum rubber selling price of $3.08 per kg, with co-products of resin and bagasse being sold at $1.00 and $0.10 per kg, respectively. Baseline environmental results show that the largest impacts come from the use of fertilizers in agriculture and natural gas in the rubber extraction facility. The on-site heat and power analysis found an increased minimum rubber selling price of $4.07 per kg, but also a 61% decrease in global warming emissions. Discussion focuses on leveraging results to further the development of guayule by identifying high impact areas where future research may simultaneously reduce costs and environmental impacts.
Autonomous vehicle safety: lessons from aviation

How more than 25years of experience with aviation safety-critical systems can be applied to autonomous vehicle systems.
Informed Consent for Academic Surgeons: A Curriculum-Based Update.

Introduction The principles of consent are evolving but remain an important part of the surgeon-patient relationship. The goal of this course was a concise, contemporary review of the principles of...
Axillary artery cannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in cardiogenic shock.

Objective To review the outcomes of axillary artery (AX) and femoral artery (FA) cannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membraneous oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Methods From 2009 to 2019, 371 patients who were supported with VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock were compared based on the arterial cannulation site: AX (n = 218) versus FA (n = 153). Results Patients in the AX group were older (61 years vs 58 years, P = .011), had a greater prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (13.8% vs 5.2%, P = .008), and were less likely to have undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation preoperatively (18.8% vs 36.6%, P < .001). Other characteristics were similar between groups, as were in-hospital outcomes, including survival to discharge (60.6% vs 56.9%), cerebrovascular accidents (12.4% vs 10.5%), cannulation-related bleeding (15.1% vs 17%), and length of VA-ECMO support (6 days). The incidence of leg ischemia (6.9% vs 15.7%, P = .006), limb ischemia related to VA-ECMO cannulation (0% vs 10.5%), the need to switch the cannulation site (4.6% vs 14.7%), and wound complications (WCs; 2.8% vs 15%) including infection and additional procedure were significantly greater in the FA group (P < .001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, FA cannulation and primary graft failure after heart transplantation were independent risk factors for cannulation-related WC. In subgroup analysis among patients with primary graft failure, WCs were more prevalent in FA cannulation (3.6% vs 39.1%, P = .001). Conclusions AX cannulation for VA-ECMO is a safe and effective alternative to FA cannulation. It can be considered especially for patients with limited groin access, peripheral vascular disease, or for primary graft failure after heart transplant.
30-day readmission rates in an inner-city pediatric inpatient unit: A descriptive study

Background Readmission rates are often used as determinants for the quality of healthcare and associated with increased morbidity and health-care expenditure. Social determinants of health elevate the burden of disease in children and may contribute to readmissions. There are several factors that may be associated with readmissions after discharge from the index admission to a pediatric inpatient unit. It has been reported that over 41% children with special care needs did not receive discharge coordination and recent studies suggested that over 25% of readmissions are potentially preventable. The readmission rates …
Deep Multi-attribute Graph Representation Learning on Protein Structures.

Graphs as a type of data structure have recently attracted significant attention. Representation learning of geometric graphs has achieved great success in many fields including molecular, social, and financial networks. It is natural to present proteins as graphs in which nodes represent the residues and edges represent the pairwise interactions between residues. However, 3D protein structures have rarely been studied as graphs directly. The challenges include: 1) Proteins are complex macromolecules composed of thousands of atoms making them much harder to model than micro-molecules. 2) Capturing the long-range pairwise relations for protein structure modeling remains under-explored. 3) Few studies have focused on learning the different attributes of proteins together. To address the above challenges, we propose a new graph neural network architecture to represent the proteins as 3D graphs and predict both distance geometric graph representation and dihedral geometric graph representation together. This gives a significant advantage because this network opens a new path from the sequence to structure. We conducted extensive experiments on four different datasets and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preoperative Assessment and Perioperative Management of the Patient with Pulmonary Vascular Disease

The incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery has increased steadily over the past decade. Patients with known PH have significantly higher perioperative morbidity and mortality than those without PH. Moreover, a substantial number of patients may have occult disease. It, therefore, is of paramount importance for perioperative providers to recognize high-risk patients and treat them appropriately. This review first provides an overview of PH pathophysiology, then estimates the perioperative incidence of PH and its impact on surgical outcomes, and finally outlines a perioperative management strategy.
What determines the power of a regulatory regime

Abstract This paper derives a metric for the power of a regulatory regime (PRR) that is a function of the regulated firm’s share of profits, the ratchet effect and the Arrow effect. The power metric is non-monotonic in the earnings-sharing parameter when the regulator can affect prices ex post. An important finding, and a notable contrast with the literature, is that increased earnings sharing can increase both the regulated firm’s profits and the PRR.
Use of Urology-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines in International Settings

Author(s): Patino, German; Ndoye, Medina; Thomas, Hannah S; Cohen, Andrew J; Mmonu, Nnenaya A; Chu, Carissa E; Breyer, Benjamin N | Abstract: Objective Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) serve as frameworks to unify diagnostic criteria and guide clinical decision-making. There is a paucity of literature surrounding the uptake of CPGs in urology practice settings with varied levels of resources worldwide. This study aims to evaluate reported use of CPGs within the context of international urology practice, identify local barriers to uptake, and evaluate the role of stakeholders in the CPG-development process. Methods This was an international, multi-center, cross-sectional study. An online survey collecting variables pertaining to the use of CPGs was distributed to attending/consultant urologists in Latin America, Africa, and China. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. Result A total of 249 practicing urologists from 28 countries completed the survey. The majority of participants were males, aged 36 to 45, and practiced in a non-academic setting. Ninety-three percent of urologists used CPGs in their everyday clinical practice, and 43% believed CPGs were very important to medical decision-making. However, barriers such as the lack of adaptability or applicability of CPGs to local settings were mentioned by 29% and 24% of participants, respectively. Urologists believed scientific associations (81%), national urology boards (68%), and ministries of health (56%), were important stakeholders to consult to foster the development of local CPGs. Conclusions Globally, CPGs are widely used tools for clinical practice. However, there are concerns about the adaptability and applicability of CPGs to settings that may lack the resources to implement their recommendations. Efforts should be directed towards incorporating scientific and medical stakeholders into the review and adaptation of urology CPGs to suit the unique features of local health care systems.
Green Room Productions, Llc

Three MBA graduates have combined their talents to provide professional and technology services to companies in the travel industry seeking to do business via the burgeoning Internet commerce sector. Unable to find sufficient human resources to staff their technology projects, they realize they will need to either (1) close down or (2) relocate for the second time in five months. Relocating was not without risk: Finding a suitable IT talent pool was critical. And family concerns were also important to the partners and their young families. But where to move? What ramifications would these changes have for the business and the friendships? Would roles shift once people were added? And what about initial investments? Excerpt UVA-ENT-0080 Green Room Productions, LLC In November 1995, Trip Davis sat facing his two business partners and fellow Dartmouth alums, Greg Waldbaum and Eric Butz, at the table in the conference room of their Charlottesville, Virginia, office. The three old friends and new business partners had reached a crucial point in their startup business, Green Room Productions. Just five months earlier, they had combined their talents to provide professional and technology services to companies in the travel industry seeking to do business via the burgeoning Internet commerce sector. Since then, the firm had been unable to find sufficient human resources to staff its technology projects. As the weeks dragged on, the partners realized that their business would not succeed in its current location. Now, in the cramped conference room of their fledgling company, the partners considered two options: close the business down or move to another city for the second time in five months. The current conversation focused on the business itself, but each partner knew that the ultimate decision would have a profound impact not only on their business, but also their professional careers and personal lives. Closing the business meant that each would have to seek new employment—and perhaps relocate. Moving the business meant personal relocation was a certainty—but to where? Where could Green Room Productions move to find the human resources it needed to be a viable business? The partners realized that even if they found an appropriate location and decided to move rather than shut down the business, they also needed to consider a new division of the firm's equity stakes. A related consideration was whether it was time to reallocate roles and titles as potential new employees joined the firm? As he listened to the other young men debate the options with rising tension, Davis wondered if Green Room Productions could survive. Above all, he didn't want to “screw up our friendships over the business.” . . .
Cancer rehabilitation may improve function in survivors and decrease the economic burden of cancer to individuals and society

Background Cancer and its treatment may cause physical impairments and psychological distress in survivors. Rehabilitation is a critical component of quality cancer care, returning survivors to their highest functional potential. Objective This overview focuses on the benefits of multidisciplinary cancer rehabilitation - including improving physical function, reducing psychological distress, promoting return to work and, therefore, decreasing the economic burden of cancer and its treatment on individuals and society in general. Methods Relevant literature was identified through a search of the PubMed database and reviewed for its relevance to cancer rehabilitation and the topic of this article. Search terms included, but were not limited to, cancer rehabilitation, cancer prehabilitation, disability, return to work, employment, and unemployment. Results Cancer survivors are less likely to be employed and take more sick leave than workers without a history of cancer. Pain, musculoskeletal issues, deconditioning, fatigue, balance, psychosocial issues, and lymphedema are most amenable to rehabilitation. Conclusion Overall health and the need for work accommodations must be addressed in order to improve return to work and subsequent productivity in cancer survivors. Survivors are usually best served by a multidisciplinary care team comprising members who can address the myriad impairments affecting survivor function.
The Distribution of /s/ in Blackfoot: An Optimality Theory Account

In this thesis I propose that the distribution of /s/ in Blackfoot can be explained by positing that /s/ is inherently moraic in Blackfoot, and explore this hypothesis via two proposals about moraic /s/. The first is that /s/ in complex onsets, e.g., stsiki, ‘another’, is extrasyllabic, and that a moraic /s/ reduces the markedness of these extrasyllabic segments. The second is that because /s/ is moraic, it can act as a syllable nucleus, which explains why the distribution of geminate /ss/ is more similar to long vowels than to geminate consonants. In Blackfoot, clusters of more than two consonants occur only with /s/, and clusters of more than three consonants occur only with geminate /ss/. The Blackfoot syllable seems to be overwhelmingly simple, with /ss/ clusters being the only outliers. While all other geminates occur between vowels, geminate /ss/ often occurs before, after, or between other consonants. This thesis aims to make three specific contributions: (i) to describe the distribution of /s/ in Blackfoot, (ii) to propose that a non-vocoid may be inherently moraic, and (iii) to introduce the PROSODICSEQUENCING constraint, which explains the tendency for onsets to be non-moraic, and predicts that light CVC syllables will be less marked than heavy CVC syllables.
Depression in the elderly. Tailoring medical therapy to their special needs

Depression is often overlooked as a clinical diagnosis in older patients because it is assumed to be a normal response to aging, physical losses, or other life events. However, medical intervention for depression is appropriate in this population, especially those patients with severe chronic disease. In this article, Dr Raj discusses the prevalence of depression in the elderly, the role of cognitive impairment, the risk factors for first onset in old age, typical presentations in this age-group, and the response to treatment.
A robust variable step-size LMS algorithm using error-data normalization [adaptive filter applications]

This paper introduces a new variable step-size LMS algorithm in which the step-size is dependent on both data and error normalization. With an appropriate choice of the value of the fixed step-size and the ratio between error and data normalization in the proposed algorithm, a trade-off between speed of convergence and misadjustment can be achieved. The performance of the algorithm is compared with other LMS-based algorithms in several input environments. Computer simulation results demonstrate substantial improvements in the speed of convergence of the proposed algorithm in a stationary environment over other algorithms with the same small level of misadjustment. In addition, the proposed algorithm shows superior tracking capability when the system is subjected to an abrupt disturbance. For a nonstationary environment, the performance of the algorithm is equivalent to other time-varying step-size algorithms.
Contribution of sea ice loss to Arctic amplification

[1] Atmospheric climate models are subjected to the observed sea ice conditions during 2007 to estimate the regionality, seasonality, and vertical pattern of temperature responses to recent Arctic sea ice loss. It is shown that anomalous sea ice conditions accounted for virtually all of the estimated Arctic amplification in surface-based warming over the Arctic Ocean, and furthermore they accounted for a large fraction of Arctic amplification occurring over the high-latitude land between 60°N and the Arctic Ocean. Sea ice loss did not appreciably contribute to observed 2007 land temperature warmth equatorward of 60°N. Likewise, the observed warming of the free atmosphere attributable to sea ice loss is confined to Arctic latitudes, and is vertically confined to the lowest 1000 m. The results further highlight a strong seasonality of the temperature response to the 2007 sea ice loss. A weak signal of Arctic amplification in surface based warming is found during boreal summer, whereas a dramatically stronger signal is shown to develop during early autumn that persisted through December even as sea ice coverage approached its climatological values in response to the polar night.
A Review of “What Makes Learning Fun?: Principles for the Design of Intrinsically Motivating Museum Exhibits”

What is learning anyway? is a statement we hear frequently in museum circles. People working from a paradigm where learning is equated with factual recall often find themselves disclaiming learning...
Short- and Long-Term Effects on Nitrogen Metabolism of Feeding Protein during Mild or Severe Energy Restriction

The complex relationship between protein intake and energy restriction was studied in acutely and chronically restricted adult rats. Rats were fed either 12 or 24 kcal/day from protein alone or protein plus carbohydrate from 3 to 16 days in one experiment. In another, groups were fed either 0.75 or 1.5 g lactalbumin/day in diets supplying 90%, 80% or 70% of the ad libitum energy intake for 8 or 104 days. Body composition and nitrogen of various tissues were determined. In experiment 1, feeding protein conserved tissue and body nitrogen as long as sufficient adipose stores were maintained, but thereafter had no advantage over lower protein intakes supplemented with carbohydrate. In experiment 2, all rats gained weight in proportion to energy intake. Protein level was protective of carcass nitrogen, water and liver nitrogen in both the short- and long-term at the 80% and 90% level of energy intake. Energy intake was more important than protein in conserving muscle nitrogen. Effects of energy and protein restriction are complex and dependent upon the total amount of protein and energy provided, body reserves and duration of restriction.
Induction of sodium pump beta 1-subunit mRNA expression during hepatocellular growth transitions in vitro and in vivo.

Previous suggestions (Hubert, J. J., Schenk, D. B., Skelly, H., and Leffert, H. L. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 4156-4163) of tissue-specific isoforms or nonexistence of hepatic Na,K-ATPase beta 1-subunits were reevaluated by quantifying beta 1-subunit mRNA levels in quiescent and proliferating liver. RNA was extracted from caudate liver lobes of sham or 67% hepatectomized adult rats and from primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes that simulate developmental and regenerating growth transitions. Northern blot analysis with a 32P-labeled full-length Na,K-ATPase beta 1-cDNA probe (Mercer, R. W., Schneider, J. W., Savitz, A., Emmanuel, J., Benz, T.J., and Levenson, R. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 3884-3890) revealed four (approximately 2.7, 2.4, 1.7-1.8, and 1.5 kilobases) low abundance mRNA species in quiescent tissue, freshly isolated hepatocytes, and cultured hepatocytes derived from lag or late stationary phase (1-2 days or 11-12 days postplating, respectively). In contrast, proliferating liver from 4 h post-67% hepatectomized rats or cultured hepatocytes in logarithmic growth phase contained levels of beta 1-subunit mRNA which exceeded quiescent levels by 4-35-fold. Membrane Na,K-ATPase activity also increased 2-3-fold during liver regeneration 12-24 h after partial hepatectomy. When proliferation in vitro was augmented by transforming growth factor-alpha, a hepatocyte mitogen, or reinitiated in late stationary phase by a change to fresh culture medium containing rat serum, beta 1-subunit mRNA expression was restimulated 4-20-fold. Parallel measurements of alpha-tubulin mRNA induction showed relatively nonsynchronous or invariant changes during hepatocyte proliferative transitions; similar results were obtained after Northern blots with a sodium pump alpha I-subunit cDNA probe. No detectable hybridization signals were observed when either rat kidney or hepatocyte RNAs from freshly isolated and cultured cells or regenerating tissues were probed for the sodium pump 3.4-kilobase mRNA beta 2-isoform. These observations suggest that enhanced hepatic beta 1-subunit gene expression is linked specifically to growth-associated increases in Na,K-ATPase activity, hepatocyte proliferation, and mitogen activation.
What Future for Dance in Physical Education

(1969). What Future for Dance in Physical Education? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 101-104.
Status of women microbiologists.

The general picture that emerges from this study is that the woman microbiologist, upon entering the professional job market, faces (i) slower advancement; (ii) restricted extramural recognition; and (iii) fewer positions of a supervisory or administrative nature, when compared to men. Most striking is the salary differential, which increases with increasing educational level, with increasing rank, and with increasing seniority. From the beginning of her professional training, the woman microbiologist feels handicapped by lack of encouragement and proper role models. She generally receives little advice regarding her professional future and rarely feels pushed to take the most challenging position. Should she be married, she feels that her mobility is severely restricted. Even though the subjective nature of these feelings may be interpreted as projections of failure, subtle inducements for women to stay at lower levels may well exist, in addition to more objective measurements, such as lower salary levels and slower professional advancement. Despite these handicaps, professional women continue to work. As a group, they work for the same reasons that men do, they work as long and as hard as men do, and they remain at their positions as long as men do. Women and men rate themselves equally as to job performance, degree of independence, and publication rate. On the basis of this study, it should not be surprising that women professionals are less visible than men and that only a small proportion of women become what is considered successful by the usual external criteria. If women were to receive continued encouragement, scientific contact, and professional recognition at each stage of their professional lives, they would undoubtedly become more visible. The lack of encouragement and selfconfidence leading to isolation, which then leads to lack of recognition, is a vicious circle that must be broken for the woman professional. This can be done most easily for the beginning student. For older women, there must be increased placement in positions of responsibility and visibility. Protective practices that discourage women from entering arenas of competition can only be viewed as discrimination on the basis of sex, since women professionals are rarely given the choice between being protected and being independent. Unexpectedly, this study illustrates the lower status of another group of individuals who are considered deviants from the expected roles of the established society—single men with doctorates, who were found in the positions predominately filled by women. In conclusion, this study of a select group of scientists probably has general applicability to all women professionals in their roles vis-a-vis men. Examination and documentation of discriminatory practices based on sex points to the areas in which women must direct their demands for equality.
Preference for Graphic Horror Featuring Male versus Female Victimization: Personality and Past Film Viewing Experiences.

After completing several scales measuring personality and past film viewing experiences, subjects ranked their preference for 13 film descriptions containing different degrees of graphic violence. Two versions of the 13 film descriptions differed in that one featured female victimization in 6 films while the second featured male victimization in the same 6 films. Results of regression analyses demonstrate that both the Machiavellian trait of deceit and past exposure to horror films were good predictors of a general preference for graphic horror. In addition, for male subjects only, the enjoyment of pornography was a strong predictor of the preference for graphic horror featuring the victimization of women, but not the victimization of men. The results are discussed in terms of rationales associated with the gratifications derived from viewing graphic honor in general and viewing the victimization of women in particular.
Comparison of Estimations Versus Measured Oxygen Consumption at Rest in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction Who Underwent Right-Sided Heart Catheterization

Cardiac output during right-sided heart catheterization is an important variable for patient selection of advanced therapies (cardiac transplantation and left ventricular assist device implantation). The Fick method to determine cardiac output is commonly used and typically uses estimated oxygen consumption (VO2) from 1 of 3 published empirical formulas. However, these estimation equations have not been validated in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The objectives of the present study were to determine the accuracy of 3 equations for estimating VO2 compared with direct measurement of VO2 and determine the extent clinically significant error occurred in calculating cardiac output of patients with HFrEF. Breath-by-breath measurements of VO2 from 44 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization (66% men; age, 65 ± 11 years, left ventricular ejection fraction, 22 ± 6%) were compared with the derived estimations of LaFarge and Miettinen, Dehmer et al, and Bergstra et al. Single-sample t tests found only the mean difference between the estimation of LaFarge and Miettinen and the measured VO2 to be nonsignificant (-10.3 ml/min ± 6.2 SE, p = 0.053). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated unacceptably large limits of agreement for all equations. The rate of ≥25% error in the equations by LaFarge and Miettinen, Dehmer et al, and Bergstra et al occurred in 11%, 23%, and 45% of patients, respectively. Misclassification of cardiac index derived from each equation for 2 clinically important classifications: cardiogenic shock-21%, 23%, and 32% and hypoperfusion-16%, 16%, and 25%; respectively. In conclusion, these findings do not support the use of these empiric formulas to estimate the VO2 at rest in patients with HFrEF who underwent right-sided heart catheterization.
Results of a Randomized Hail Suppression Experiment in Northeast Colorado. Part VII: Seeding Logistics and Post Hoc Stratification by Seeding Coverage

Abstract An analysis of the seeding operations during the National Hail Research Experiment 1972–74 randomized seeding program is carried out for the purpose of critiquing the seeding procedures and establishing the actual rates at which seeding material was dispensed as opposed to the prescribed rates. The seeding coverage, a parameter defined in the paper, is found to be only about 50% on the average. The reasons for the low seeding coverage are discussed in terms of seeding logistics and storm evolution, and three case studies are presented to illustrate the problems that can arise. Some results on the rate at which storm cells can develop and on the duration of convective activity over a fixed target area are presented. It is concluded that seeding convective clouds using aircraft flying near cloud base is more difficult than is widely acknowledged. Since the seeding operations were more thorough on some days than on others, one might reasonably expect that seeding effects, if they exist, would be mor...
Mercury exposure and cutaneous disease

Human contact with mercury has been ongoing for centuries and was previously considered a legitimate means of treating different cutaneous and systemic conditions. Toxicity from this heavy metal may occur from exposure to elemental, inorganic, and organic forms of mercury. This article outlines the signs and symptoms of mercury poisoning and the different clinical conditions with assorted cutaneous findings.
Normal pressure in the right heart and pulmonary artery.

Abstract A study of pressures in the right side of the heart and pulmonary artery of eighteen normal subjects of our own and a review of the findings of other authors in a total of 54 additional subjects indicated the following range limits of normal pressure in mm. Hg. 1. 1. Right atrial mean pressure: −2 to +5. 2. 2. Right ventricle: systole, 17 to 31.5; end diastole, −0.5 to +7. 3. 3. Pulmonary artery: systole, 11 to 29; diastole, 4 to 13; mean, 8 to 19. 4. 4. Pulmonary “capillary”: mean, 5 to 13.
Pain, psychologic status, and functional recovery among patients on daily opioids

Despite much discussion and calls for a reappraisal of the issue, the prescribing of chronic opioid therapy for nonmalignant or nonterminal pain remains controversial.The rationale for this course of therapy rests on the efficacy of these drugs for analgesia, the contention that opioids reduce the psychiatric and sociologic impact of chronic pain, and that they allow some measure of functional recovery. Although there are substantial anecdotal, case comparison, retrospective and, recently, some short-term placebo-controlled trials, definitive studies have not yet been performed.Two essential schools of thought guide the clinical decision of whether to pursue chronic opioid therapy-in one, palliation of pain is the therapeutic priority and in the second, optimizing function is the primary goal. Although these two positions are often portrayed as mutually exclusive in the literature, this may not be the case clinically.There is probably common ground among the palliationists and the rehabilitationists, and this ground should be sought until definitive information is available.
Room-temperature photochromism in cis- and trans-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+.

We report on phototriggered Ru−S → Ru−O and thermal Ru−O → Ru−S intramolecular linkage isomerizations in cis- and trans-[Ru(bpy)2(dmso)2]2+. The cis complex features only S-bonded sulfoxides (cis-[S,S]), whereas the trans isomer is characterized by S- and O-bonded dmso ligands. Both cis-[S,S] and trans-[S,O] exhibit photochromism at room temperature in dmso solution and ionic liquid (IL). Rates of reaction in IL were monitored by UV−visible spectroscopy and are similar to those reported in dmso solution (kO→S ranges from ∼10-3 to 10-4 s-1). Cyclic voltammetric measurements of cis-[S,S] and trans-[S,O] are consistent with an electrochemically triggered linkage isomerism mechanism. While both cis-[S,S] and trans-[S,O] are photochromic at room temperature, neither complex is emissive. However, upon cooling to 77 K, cis-[S,S] exhibits LMCT (ligand-to-metal charge transfer) emission typical of many ruthenium polypyridine complexes. In contrast to cis-[S,S], trans-[S,O] does not show any detectable emission eve...
Collision and Debris Hazard Assessment for a Low-Earth-Orbit Space Constellation

In an effort to assess issues associated with a low-Earth-orbit constellation deployment, the potential collision of the constellation spacecraft with background trackable and smaller debris objects was examined.The background  ux of debris was projected to the year 2002. The collision potential with a Space Station sized object passing through the constellation was also determined. A modi ed analytical approach was used to estimate the collision probabilities in Earth orbit based on the concepts from the asymptotic theory of extreme-order statistics. The approach is based on a propagation or a Monte Carlo simulation of the orbital motion of a spacecraft and a population of objects in orbit. An empirical set of close approach distances is obtained at random times from which the probability of collision and the rate of encounters at speci ed ranges is determined. The encounter rate within a speci ed rangewas determined and found to compare favorablywith that obtained from a close approach determination software package.
On the distribution of mutants in cell populations with both forward and backward mutation

Consider a population of cells, such as bacteria, consisting of nonmutant cells and k types of mutants. Recognizing that the mutation-birth-death process can be modeled as a $(k + 1)$-dimensional m...
Induction and retention of kinesthetic aftereffects as a function of number and distribution of inspection trials

Measures of kinesthetic aftereffects were made for 240 Ss in 15 groups. Each group was tested with a combination of number of 30-sec. inspection periods (5, 10, or 15) and time between inspection periods (0, 10, 30, 60, or 90 sec). The number of inspection periods had a significant effect on size of aftereffect and on residual aftereffect 15 min later. The maximum aftereffect followed the 10 period inspection (5 min inspection). Distribution of inspection periods in time had no significant effect on these measures of aftereffect. In a second experiment, distribution of inspection periods in time had no effect on induced aftereffect or on residual aftereffect 24 h later. There was significant residual aftereffect after 24 h which was significantly related to amount of aftereffect originally induced.
Does leptin play a role in the pathogenesis of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Abstract Objectives Obesity is a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Leptin plays an important role in the regulation of food intake, body composition, energy expenditure, and body weight. It has been suggested that leptin plays a role in the pathogenesis of NASH; however, adequate studies are lacking. We therefore conducted a study to explore the role of serum leptin in the pathogenesis of human NASH. Methods We measured the levels of serum leptin and its anthropometric, biochemical, metabolic, and histological correlates in a cohort of patients with NASH (n = 26) and well-matched controls (n = 20). Furthermore, we measured the levels of leptin in the serum and hepatic leptin and leptin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in liver biopsy specimens of patients with NASH (n = 5) and simple steatosis (n = 5). Results Serum leptin was not statistically different between patients with NASH and their controls (21 ± 13 vs 18 ± 11 ng/ml, respectively, p = 0.5). There was no correlation between serum leptin and hepatic histology, serum transaminases, fasting insulin levels, or a measure of insulin resistance. After adjusting for covariates in a multiple regression analysis, only percent body fat (p = 0.04) and subcutaneous abdominal fat area (p = 0.04) had significant correlation with serum leptin. There was no expression of leptin mRNA in the cell lysate of liver biopsy specimens of subjects with NASH or steatosis. Additionally, the serum leptin levels and the hepatic leptin receptor mRNA expression were not statistically different between patients with NASH and those with simple steatosis. Conclusion These data do not support a direct role for leptin in the pathogenesis of human NASH.