cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Factors Predicting Social Self-Esteem in Young Adults:

The relationship between social self-esteem and family functioning in college-aged young adults was investigated. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify family variables predictive of social self-esteem. High levels of family cohesion and number of siblings significantly predicted strong social self-esteem. Family adaptability, amount of time left in the care of others during childhood, birth order, and gender were nonsignificant predictors. As the sample was predominantly female, these findings are reviewed within the context of feminist family therapy, and indications for counseling young women are discussed.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INFLUENCES ON MEAT EMULSION STABILITY IN A MODEL EMULSITATOR

A new method of preparing laboratory meat emulsions utilizing the concept of continuous-flow emulsification was developed to simulate industrial conditions. High speed centrifugation was used to separate phases of preblends and emulsions for the investigation of protein solubility Studies of the effect of water:meat ratio on the protein solubility or preblended and emulsified meat indicated that increasing water: meat ratios resulted in preblends and emulsions with larger soluble phases and lower soluble protein concentrations in the soluble phase. The effects of preblending method, temperature of meat prior to preblending, level of added water and temperature of the added water on the temperature of preblends and emulsions, protein solubility, NaCl concentration, cooked emulsion stability and firmness of the cooked emulsions were established. Temperature of the meat (-30, -10 or 0°C) accounted for the largest proportion of the variation in temperature of preblends and emulsions, protein solubility and cooked emulsion stability. Lower temperatures in preblends and emulsions were associated with the colder meat temperatures. The data indicated that emulsions prepared with -10°C meat had the poorest cooked emulsion stability as compared to those prepared with -30 and 0°C meat. Level of added water (10, 20, 30 or 40%) significantly affected the temperature of preblends, protein solubility, cooked emulsion stability and firmness of the cooked emulsions. The 10% level of added water resulted in firmer emulsions with greater cooked stability. Temperature of the added water (0, 30, 60, or 90°C) had a significant effect on the temperature of preblends and emulsions, cooked emulsion stability and firmness of the cooked emulsions. Adding 90°C water resulted in emulsions with the poorest cooked stability while adding 0°C water resulted in firmer cooked emulsions.
Diabetes in Midlife and Cognitive Change Over 20 Years: A Cohort Study

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with dementia risk, however evidence is limited for possible associations of diabetes and pre-diabetes with cognitive decline.
Changing Trends for Surgery in Elderly Patients with Hyperparathyroidism at a Single Institution1

Background. Many elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT), which increases in incidence with age and is frequently asymptomatic, are often not referred for surgery. However, the development of minimally invasive techniques has facilitated complex operations even in the elderly. Therefore, we sought to delineate the changes in the trends for surgical referral at our institution for patients over 70 years of age with 1HPT. Methods. From January 1990 to March 2004, 422 patients underwent surgery for 1HPT at our institution. Of these, 98 were 70 years or older. In 2001, we introduced minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy (MIRP). Patients were then analyzed based upon the availability of this technology (pre-MIRP era 1990-2000, and MIRP era 2001-2004). Results. In the MIRP era, more elderly patients were referred for surgery when compared to the pre-MIRP era (30% versus 18%, P = 0.001). On average, 18 elderly patients/year had parathyroid surgery in the MIRP era compared to only 4 elderly patients/year pre-MIRP, representing a 4.5-fold increase. Furthermore, there were significantly more patients undergoing parathyroidectomy who were asymptomatic from 1HPT during the MIRP era (14% versus 2%, P < 0.001). Importantly, patients who underwent surgery in the MIRP era had a higher cure rate, lower complication rate, and shorter hospital stay. Conclusions. Since the introduction of MIRP at our institution, there has been an increase in the number of elderly patients with 1HPT referred for surgery as well as the proportion with only mild disease. Furthermore, there have been improvements in elderly patient outcomes during this time. MIRP is one of several factors that have led to an increase in elderly patients undergoing surgery for 1HPT.
Some influences of tonic vibration reflexes on the position sense of the contralateral limb

Mechanically vibrating a skeletal muscle elicits reflex activation of that muscle, a phenomenon which is known as the tonic vibration reflex. We explored in eight individuals how vibration of their right biceps brachii or triceps brachii muscle influenced their ability to point with their left arm to visual targets and to set that arm to particular apparent positions. The position sense of the pointing arm was affected systematically by contralateral vibration with the influence being considerably greater when the biceps brachii rather than the triceps brachii of the contralateral arm was stimulated. This asymmetric effect was related to the different densities of muscle spindle innervation of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles and to their patterns of reflex organization within the spinal cord. The altered position sense of the pointing arm led to errors both for pointing movements with the arm to visual targets and for positioning movements of the arm into specified spatial configurations.
Clinical Reasoning: A 38-year-old woman with childhood-onset weakness

A 38-year-old woman presented to the neuromuscular clinic for evaluation of progressive muscle weakness. She was born full-term and had normal early developmental milestones. In elementary school she had difficulty with hop-skip and keeping up with her peers. At age 10 years, she was noted to be unable to fully extend her elbows and was walking on toes. In college, she manifested slowly progressive lower limb weakness resulting in difficulty climbing stairs. She would fatigue easily after walking short distances. Subsequently, she developed difficulty lifting objects. At age 31, she delivered a healthy full-term boy uneventfully. She did not have visual symptoms, ptosis, facial weakness, dysarthria, or paresthesias. She developed dysphagia for solids and dyspnea on exertion 3–4 years before presentation. Her medical history includes hypothyroidism and Achilles tendon release. There is no history of parental consanguinity; her parents, 2 siblings, and the 7-year-old son had no muscle weakness. Her examination revealed generalized muscle atrophy and no fasciculations or action/percussion myotonia. She had mild facial weakness (Medical Research Council [MRC] grade 4), moderate neck flexor muscle weakness (MRC grade 3), and moderate to severe symmetric proximal (MRC grade 2–3) and mild distal limb weakness (MRC grade 4). Tendon reflexes were absent; sensory examination was normal for all modalities. She had a waddling gait, elbow and ankle contractures, and rigid spine (figure 1). There was no distal joint hyperlaxity or skin rash. Previously performed genetic test for survival motor neuron protein ( SMN1 ) was negative. The authors thank Dr. Thomas Winder at PreventionGenetics for performing the LMNA gene analysis and for providing the data on controls.
Is There an Increased Risk of Stroke Associated with Oral Contraceptives

In the last few years several studies were published about the relationship between oral contraceptive use, estrogen dose, different types of progestogens, cigarette smoking and the risk of stroke. There is a persistent association between the use of oral contraceptives containing more than 50μg of ethinylestradiol and the risk of stroke. Also, cigarette smoking seems to be a strong additive risk factor, especially in women >35 years old even with lower doses (≤30μg) of estrogen. Unlike oral contraceptives containing >50μg of estrogen, currently there is no convincing evidence that the use of oral contraceptives containing <50μg in the absence of smoking is associated with any meaningful increase in the risk of ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. Progestogenonly pills are not associated with an increased risk of stroke. A specific type of progestogen in combined pills was associated with an increased risk of stroke in a few studies. Data regarding this issue is, however, inconsistent and controversial and needs further investigation. There were few if any studies that have addressed the effects of new types of progestogens (i.e. norgestimate, norgestrel or gestodene) and formulations containing 20μg of ethinylestradiol. At the present time we find no reason to alter the current practice in prescribing oral contraceptives. We do concede, however, that there might be a slight causal relationship between use of oral contraceptives containing <50μg of ethinylestradiol and stroke that did not reach statistical significance. This relationship is rare and should be viewed in context with the many benefits of oral contraceptives. Underlying risk factors for stroke such as factor V Leiden mutation and other thrombophilias might explain the role of oral contraceptiveinduced stroke.
Tracking and linguistic minority students: Consequences of ability grouping for second language learners

Abstract Tracking is a ubiquitous practice in American high schools, whereby students are sorted according to perceived academic ability and then instructed separately with different curricula. In recent years, numerous educational inequities have been identified in association with this practice, including the concentration of language minority students in the lowest status rungs of the system. This article addresses linguistic features associated with the differentiated curricula of high school classrooms, and consequences for learners of the school language. The article also explores processes by which language minority students are placed in tracked classrooms, and the means by which some of them negotiate the system in order to change tracks after they ore placed.
Childhood respiratory symptoms and mental health problems: the role of intergenerational smoking.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of youth smoking, parental cigarette smoking and parental anxiety/depressive disorders in the relationship between respiratory symptoms and mental health problems among youth. Working Hypothesis Adjusting for both parental smoking and parental anxiety/depressive disorders in the association between respiratory symptoms and mental health problems among young persons will significantly reduce the strength of the observed relationship. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Patient-Subject Selection Data were drawn from a school-based sample of 1709 young persons in Oregon. Methodology Physical and mental health data were collected on youth. Results Respiratory symptoms were associated with significantly increased odds of mental health problems among youth. After adjusting for youth smoking, the relationship between respiratory symptoms and depressive disorders was no longer statistically significant. The relationships between respiratory symptoms and anxiety and depressive disorders were no longer significant after adjusting for parental smoking. Parental anxiety/depressive disorders did not appear to influence these relationships. Conclusions These results provide initial evidence that exposure to parental smoking may play a role in the observed co-occurrence of respiratory and mental health problems in youth, and youths' own smoking appears to influence the link with depressive disorders, but not anxiety disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:195–201. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Something completely different?: cDNA cloning of three new forms of rat brain cytochrome P450 belonging to the CYP4F subfamily Kawashima H and Strobel HW Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communi cations 1995; 217: 1137-1144

Three cDNAs clones, designated 4f-8, 4f-34 and 4f- 41, coding for three new forms of cytochrome P450 belonging to the CYP4F subfamily were isolated from an untreated rat brain cDNA library. CDNA 4f- 8, 4f-34 and 4f-41 coded for proteins of 522, 526 and 537 amino acids, respectively, and their amino acid sequence similarity to CYP4F ranged from 71 to 80%. These new P450s were thus named CYP4F4, 4F5 and 4F6, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of these forms of P450 in the brain were somewhat low and that similar forms of subfamily 4F P450 were expressed in liver and kidney at a relatively high level compared with brain. No CYP4A expression was detected by Northern blot analysis in untreated rat brain mRNA. All three clones were in vitro- translatable using a reticulocyte lysate system. These results show that multiple forms of subfamily 4F P450 exist in the brain and that the subfamily 4F P450 may be one of the major forms of P450 in the brain.
An update on the self-care of heart failure index.

Background The Self-care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) is a measure of self-care defined as a naturalistic decision-making process involving the choice of behaviors that maintain physiological stability (maintenance) and the response to symptoms when they occur (management). In the 5 years since the SCHFI was published, we have added items, refined the response format of the maintenance scale and the SCHFI scoring procedure, and modified our advice about how to use the scores. Objective The objective of this article was to update users on these changes. Methods In this article, we address 8 specific questions about reliability, item difficulty, frequency of administration, learning effects, social desirability, validity, judgments of self-care adequacy, clinically relevant change, and comparability of the various versions. Results The addition of items to the self-care maintenance scale did not significantly change the coefficient alpha, providing evidence that the structure of the instrument is more powerful than the individual items. No learning effect is associated with repeated administration. Social desirability is minimal. More evidence is provided of the validity of the SCHFI. A score of 70 or greater can be used as the cut-point to judge self-care adequacy, although evidence is provided that benefit occurs at even lower levels of self-care. A change in a scale score more than one-half of an SD is considered clinically relevant. Because of the standardized scores, results obtained with prior versions can be compared with those from later versions. Conclusion The SCHFI v.6 is ready to be used by investigators. By publication in this format, we are putting the instrument in the public domain; permission is not required to use the SCHFI.
Hematologic monitoring in children with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine.

One hundred seventy-six children treated with carbamazepine for epilepsy were monitored over a 12-month period to determine the effects of carbamazepine on the hematologic system. There were no significant changes within the total population in the mean hematocrit or platelet count. The white blood cell count and total neutrophil count showed declines at 1, 8, and 12 months, but the differences did not achieve statistical significance. There was no correlation between the hematologic parameters and carbamazepine blood level, age or sex, or the presence of other drugs. Pretreatment leukopenia and neutropenia were present in 2.8% and 4.0% of children, respectively. During carbamazepine therapy, 8.0% and 17.0% of the children developed leukopenia and neutropenia, respectively, and it was persistent in 1.7% and 2.8%, respectively. The changes in the white blood cell count could be attributed to the changes in the total neutrophil count. (J Child Neurol 1989;4:286-290).
Acute ocular toxicity and long-term visual outcome of primary and adjuvant hyperfractionated/accelerated radiation therapy of advanced paranasal sinus cancer employing proton irradiation

Materials/Methods: Between 1991 and 2001, HART (4 MeV photons and 160 MeV protons) was used to treat 35 pts with advanced stage primary (n 32) or recurrent (n 3) malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses for whom full neuroophtalmologic follow-up was obtained. Median age was 52 years (range, 18.5-74.4). Ten (29%) unresectable patients were treated with primary and 25 (71%) with adjuvant radiation therapy, respectively. Chemotherapy (CT) was administered to 13 (37%) patients, however, none received concurrent CT. Prospectively specified neuro-ophtalmologic follow-up consisted of pupillary examination, exophtalmometry, color vision and ocular pressure measurements, motility testing, as well as dilated fundus exam and Goldmann visual field. The median dose to the macroscopic gross tumor volume (GTV) was 69.6 CGE (range, 60-76.6 CGE, CGE proton Gy 1.1 RBE). Optical apparatus dose constraint was 2 CGE/day and 56 CGE total dose, respectively. If clinically indicated, the treating physician had the option to relax the optical dose constraints. Median GTV and clinical tumor volume were 90 cc (range, 5.4-318) and 251 cc (range, 40.9-636), respectively. Lens and retinal late complications were graded according to objective portion of the SOMA scale of the Late Effects of Normal Tissue (LENT) Scoring system. Other late ocular/visual symptoms were classified according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) grading system. Disease-free Survival (DFS) and visual complication free survival (CFS) rate were calculated using KaplanMeier method. The studied risk factors for late visual complications included dose, gender, age, acute ocular toxicity, GTV volume, adjuvant chemotherapy and follow-up length. Statistical analysis was performed on SAS 8.1 software, using adequate methods including Student T-test and Log rank analysis. The median follow-up was 37.6 months (range, 4.4-122.8).
Technology and the manufacturing process

Abstract This paper provides an appreciation of the effects of technology on the manufacturing process. Essentially, it is argued that technology is increasingly becoming an essential and endogenous part of the manufacturing process. Internal and dynamical processes related to the introduction and the absorption of technology are also leading manufacturing systems to be more complex, hierarchical, integrated and far more sensitive to external disturbances. It is also argued that technology induces its own growth process, triggering a process of perpetual technological challenge and change.The paper explains both how and why technology is inducing such changes and how it can be dealt with.
The Excimer Laser: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

We have developed a complete excimer laser and fiber-optic angioplasty system and successfully opened completely occluded blood vessels in humans. We use the 308 nm XeCL excimer laser and fiber-optic delivery system that can be passed through a catheter or over a guidewire. In this article, we describe the knowledge essential for the interventionalist using the device: the method for generating 308 nm laser light, laser-tissue interaction, healing after laser injury, and how the rate of laser ablation is controlled. Our initial experience using the excimer laser in the superficial femoral artery has been excellent. (J of Interv Cardiology; 1988;1:1)
Dental microwear in the orthodentine of the Xenarthra (Mammalia) and its use in reconstructing the palaeodiet of extinct taxa: the case study of Nothrotheriops shastensis (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae)

The utility of orthodentine microwear analysis as a proxy for dietary reconstruction in xenarthrans (tree sloths, armadillos) was quantitatively and statistically accessed via low-magnification stereomicroscopy. Features such as number of scratches and pits, as well as presence of gouges, hypercoarse scratches, > four large pits, > four cross scratches, and fine, mixed or coarse scratch texture were recorded in 255 teeth from 20 extant xenarthran species. Feature patterns are consistent with scar formation through abrasional (tooth–food) and attritional (tooth–tooth) contact. Number of scratches is the most dietary diagnostic microwear variable for xenarthrans, with herbivorous sloths characterized by > ten scratches and nonherbivorous armadillos by < ten scratches. Discriminant function analysis differentiated arboreal folivores (sloths) and frugivore-folivores (sloths) both from each other and from fossorial carnivore-omnivores (armadillos) and insectivores (armadillos). Microwear patterns in carnivore-omnivores and insectivores are difficult to distinguish between; armadillo microwear may reflect a fossorial lifestyle (grit consumption) rather than primary diet. Cabassous centralis is anomalous in its microwear signal relative to all other insectivores. To test the utility of orthodentine microwear analysis as an indicator of palaeodiet in extinct xenarthrans, microwear in the ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis was quantitatively and statistically compared to microwear in extant taxa. Microwear patterns in N. shastensis are most comparable to extant folivores based on scratch number and hierarchical cluster analysis. This strongly supports an herbivorous diet for N. shastensis that is corroborated by multiple independent lines of evidence. Thus, orthodentine microwear analysis can be used to reconstruct diet in extinct xenarthrans. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 156, 201–222.
A Coarse-Grained Parallel Homotopy for Mechanism Design

Polynomial systems of equations arise frequently in many scientific and engineering applications such as solid modeling, kinematics, and robotics and chemical process de-sign. Locally convergent iterative solution methods may diverge or fail to find all possible solutions to a system of polynomial equations. Recently, homotopy algorithms have been proposed for solving polynomial equations. These methods are globally convergent from any arbitrary starting point, can reliably compute all possible solutions, and are inherently parallel in nature. For problems arising in mechanism design, it is shown in this paper that through a use of m-homogenization and by defining auxiliary equations in addition to the design equations, the number of homotopy paths to be tracked (and the associated computational effort) to obtain all possible solutions can be reduced significantly. Further computation time gains are realized by using the data-parallel nature of these methods, which involved implementing them on Connection Machines CM-2/5. Numerical examples dealing with the synthesis of a slider-crank mechanism for six and eight finitely and multiply separated precision positions are presented.
LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS IN POLAR SOLVENTS

The effect of acetone on structured lipid synthesis by Lipozyme IM60 in n-hexane was studied. Transesterification of tristearin with capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids was performed individually and in combinations at equal mole ratios. Higher incorporation of oleic acid was observed with the addition of acetone when compared to other fatty acids. Incorporation of capric acid decreased with increase in acetone concentration. The overall activity of enzyme decreased in acetone compared to n-hexane.
Mesothelioma and Radical Multimodality Therapy: Who Benefits?

The incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma is increasing. Untreated, patients with this disease experience a rapid and horrendous clinical decline. Surgery plays a role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of this malignancy. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy alone have been unable to achieve major improvements in survival for most patients. More recent phase II trials suggest that surgery, at one time a purely palliative approach, may have a potentially curative role when used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Prevalence of obesity-related chronic health conditions in overweight adolescents with disabilities

The prevalence of 15 common obesity-related chronic health conditions was examined in a convenience sample of adolescents, ages 12-18 years old, with mobility and non-mobility limitations (n = 208 and 435, respectively). In both groups, overweight adolescents (BMI ≥ 85th %ile) had a significantly higher number of obesity-related chronic health conditions than their counterparts with healthy weight status (2.74 versus 1.74 for the mobility limitation group, and 1.79 versus 1.45 for the non-mobility limitation group). Prevalence of high blood cholesterol was significantly higher among overweight adolescents than healthy weight adolescents across the two groups. While prevalence of asthma and early maturation appeared to increase as a function of body weight for both groups, a significant difference was found only in the group with non-mobility limitations. Across the two groups, there was a clear tendency toward a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions in overweight adolescents compared to their healthy weight counterparts. Greater efforts must be made to address the higher rates of obesity-related health conditions in youth with disabilities during childhood and adolescence to avoid significant health consequences and health care costs in adulthood.
Optimum Spacing Of Extraction Wells

An approach to selecting the optimum spacing of extraction wells for both groundwater production and groundwater cleanup is presented. Optimum well spacing is dependent upon 1) whether the system consits of an odd or even number of wells, 2) total number of wells, 3) aquifer thickness (B), 4) regional groundwater velocity (U), and 5) pumping rate of an extraction well (Q). Although an exact optimum well spacing cannot be determined for a system that consists of 30 or more wells (due to a lack of convergence for finding the roots of the stagnation-point equation), the optimum well-spacing factor of 0.4765 x Q/BU ensures minimum loss of groundwater recovery between the wells for a system that consists of 30 to 200 wells. Optimum well spacing and the points on the capture-zone curves are presented. Regression equations were developed for estimating capture-zone curves. Specific capture-zone curves can be constructed for any number of wells with knowledge of the parameters, Q/BU. This approach provides a method to design a new group of extraction wells and modify existing but deficient and under-designed systems, where more extraction wells are required. Using this scheme for such a modification, it is recommended that the number of wells be increased in pairs. The resulting arrangement ensures minimum loss of groundwater recovery between the wells.
Hypogonadism, hyperprolactinaemia, and temporal lobe epilepsy in hyposexual men

Previously unrecognised temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was diagnosed in 11 of 16 hyposexual men. 6 had neuroendocrine abnormalities (hypogonadism in 4 and hyperprolactinaemia in 2). 4 men with hypogonadism and TLE had persistently subnormal serum testosterone, with a blunted luteinising hormone (LH) response to luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in 2 and, in these men, unlike those with isolated hypogonadism, there was no improvement in libido or potency when parenteral testosterone was given. Men with TLE and hyperprolactinaemia had normal serum testosterone and an enhanced serum LH response after LHRH, but effective doses of the dopaminergic agonists, bromocriptine or pergolide, did not produce sustained normoprolactinaemia. In the men with neuroendocrine dysfunction and TLE the most effective therapeutic sequence was first to treat the epilepsy with anticonvulsants and then to add appropriate neuroendocrine therapy. In 2 men hormone levels became normal and sexual function was restored on anticonvulsant therapy alone.
A Test of the Resource‐Based Model Using Baseball Free Agents

This paper examines a nearly untested premise of the resource-based view of the erm: managers can exploit uncertainty about a factor’s true value to generate returns. Our results show that empirically validating this basic proposition is difecult and potentially impossible, despite our use of a rather simple empirical setting. While market imperfections appear to underlie the payment of baseball free agents, we cannot easily determine whether this imperfection constitutes a return or not. In addition, while we end convincing evidence of uncertainty underlying owner’s expectations of a free agent’s performance potential, it is not clear whether team owners can exploit this uncertainty by amassing superior informational strategies or investing in complementary assets. Our difeculty in testing resource-based propositions suggests limitations to the theory’s practicality.
Actin crosslinking proteins at the leading edge

The lamellar membrane at the leading edge of motile cells participates in a series of complex movements that involve the assembly and reorganization of actin bundles and networks, both structures formed by actin crosslinking proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy localizes within lamellipodia and filopodia several crosslinking proteins including fascin, fimbrin, alpha-actinin and filamin. While these proteins may organize actin into bundles and networks, fimbrin and alpha-actinin may play an additional role of linking the cytoskeleton to cell-substratum adhesion sites.
Energy Levels and Observed Spectral Lines of Krypton, Kr I through Kr XXXVI

The energy levels and observed spectral lines of the krypton atom, in all stages of ionization for which experimental data are available, have been compiled. Sufficient data were found to generate level and line tables for Kr I–Kr X and Kr XVIII–Kr XXXVI. For Kr XXXV and Kr XXXVI and most of Kr XXXIV theoretical values are compiled for the energy levels. In all of the other stages a few lines, some of which may be only tentative classifications, are reported. In addition for Kr I, separate tables of energy levels are tabulated for the isotopes 86Kr and 84Kr. Experimental g factors are included for Kr I and Kr II. A value, either experimental, semiempirical, or theoretical, is included for the ionization energy of each ion.
Loss of a Splice Donor Site at a ‘Skipped Exon’ in a Gene Homologous to Apolipoprotein(a) Leads to an mRNA Encoding a Protein Consisting of a Single Kringle Domain

Abstract Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] and plasminogen are located in a gene cluster on chromosome 6 together with two other genes that share highly homologous 5′ flanking regions. We have isolated the human liver transcript derived from one of these genes, designated apo(a)-related gene C, that encodes a polypeptide of 132 amino acids composed of a secretion signal and a single kringle domain. Although the gene encodes several additional kringle domains, sequence analysis shows that the second kringle is incomplete in the derived mRNA because it lacks an apparent exon present in the gene. Analysis of genomic sequence shows that the predicted exon at this site lacks a canonical splice donor site. This results in “exon skipping” during maturation of the mRNA, causing a coding frame shift and the presence of premature stop codons.
Abstract 2340: Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 promotes cell invasiveness and motility in lung and head and neck cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) has been frequently observed to be aberrantly overexpressed in various tumors. RRM2 is a key enzyme involved in the production of 2′-deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates required for DNA synthesis. In addition to DNA synthesis, it has been reported that RRM2 modulates cellular invasiveness. However, the mechanisms through which RRM2 affects the invasive phenotype have not been elucidated. In our study, we examined the role of RRM2 in cell invasion and migration of different lung (A549, H460 and H1299) and head and neck (Tu686) cancer cell lines. To explore the mechanism underlying RRM2's activity, we applied small interference RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the RRM2 protein while pcDNA3/RRM2 plasmid was used to establish RRM2 overexpressing stable cell lines. Our results revealed varying degrees of RRM2 expression levels in lung and head and neck cancer cell lines, which were proportionally correlated with the invasive capability of cells. H1299, a cell line that features epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) expressed the highest level of RRM2 protein among the cell lines studied, and exhibited the greatest invasive and migratory abilities as demonstrated by Boyden chamber invasion and wound healing assays. H1299 was 6-fold more invasive than A549, which has lower RRM2 expression. Moreover, gain of function analysis demonstrated that overexpression of RRM2 enhanced cell invasiveness and motility in low RRM2-expressing cell lines A549 and Tu686. Western blots revealed that markers associated with tumor cell invasion and migration such as phospho-Src, phospho-FAK, phospho-calveolin-1, phospho-Akt, phospho-Erk, and MMP-9 secretion were induced whereas E-cadherin protein expression was significantly inhibited in RRM2 overexpressing cell lines. In contrast, loss of function analysis showed that siRNA targeting RRM2 decreased RRM2 expression and attenuated cellular invasiveness and motility in both lung and head and cancer cell lines. Our study demonstrated that RRM2 substantially promoted cell invasion and migration abilities. An elevated RRM2 may serve as a potential biomarker for metastasis of head and neck and lung cancer. Thus, targeting RRM2 and its downstream signaling intermediaries represents a rational approach for developing novel anticancer therapeutics. (This work is supported by grants from NIH U54CA119338-04, P50CA128613 and DOD W81XWH-07-1-0306). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2340. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2340
An XML-based range variation approach to render the coldness in Iowa, a North Central region, United States

State of Iowa, in the North Central region of United State of America is an agricultural rich state. It is also known as the "Food Capital of the World". NC-94 is an agricultural database of north central region in United States that facilitates crop and risk analysis, pest management and forecasting and used intensively. It is available for public use through many sources to process and analyze to get future predictions about agriculture. In this research work we exploit the use of XML as configuration support also to generate different sets of shades with blue as base color and use those sets to render the degree of coldness correspondingly in Iowa with county as spatial granularity in last 30 years. The darker and lighter shades reflect the higher and lower degree of coldness respectively.
"Front-stage" and "back-stage" information

This paper presents an ongoing observational study to explore a "front-stage-back-stage" model of information processes during group discussions (multidiscipli-nary rounds) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of an academic medical center. Participants were observed to collaborate on "front-stage" processes of case presentation, discussion of issues, and treatment planning, while in parallel they performed "back-stage" in-formation activities. The front-stage and backstage information processes were interdependent to address the need for fluid, highly time-pressured discourse with potential life-and-death consequences. We believe the front-stage-back-stage model adds to our understanding of collaborative information exchange and holds implications for computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) systems. For example, computing support may increase the efficiency and reliability of information transfer by enhancing the ability to "choreograph" front-stage and back-stage information processes during critical discourse such as medical rounds.
A refutation of Penrose's Gödelian case against artificial intelligence

Having, as it is generally agreed, failed to destroy the computational conception of mind with the Godelian attack he articulated in his The Emperor's New Mind, Penrose has returned, armed with a more elaborate and more fastidious Godelian case, expressed in Chapters 2 and 3 of his Shadows of the Mind. The core argument in these chapters is enthymematic, and when formalized, a remarkable number of technical glitches come to light. Over and above these defects, the argument, at best, is an instance of either the fallacy of denying the antecedent, the fallacy of petitio principii, or the fallacy of equivocation. More recently, writing in response to his critics in the electronic journal Psyche, Penrose has offered a Godelian case designed to improve on the version presented in SOTM. But this version is yet again another failure. In falling prey to the errors we uncover, Penrose's new Godelian case is unmasked as the same confused refrain J. R. Lucas initiated 35 years ago.
Development and Validation of a Computational Method for Assessment of Missense Variants in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Assessing the significance of novel genetic variants revealed by DNA sequencing is a major challenge to the integration of genomic techniques with medical practice. Many variants remain difficult to classify by traditional genetic methods. Computational methods have been developed that could contribute to classifying these variants, but they have not been properly validated and are generally not considered mature enough to be used effectively in a clinical setting. We developed a computational method for predicting the effects of missense variants detected in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We used a curated clinical data set of 74 missense variants in six genes associated with HCM to train and validate an automated predictor. The predictor is based on support vector regression and uses phylogenetic and structural features specific to genes involved in HCM. Ten-fold cross validation estimated our predictor's sensitivity at 94% (95% confidence interval: 83%–98%) and specificity at 89% (95% confidence interval: 72%–100%). This corresponds to an odds ratio of 10 for a prediction of pathogenic (95% confidence interval: 4.0–infinity), or an odds ratio of 9.9 for a prediction of benign (95% confidence interval: 4.6–21). Coverage (proportion of variants for which a prediction was made) was 57% (95% confidence interval: 49%–64%). This performance exceeds that of existing methods that are not specifically designed for HCM. The accuracy of this predictor provides support for the clinical use of automated predictions alongside family segregation and population frequency data in the interpretation of new missense variants and suggests future development of similar tools for other diseases.
Bayesian Semiparametric Multiple Shrinkage

High-dimensional and highly correlated data leading to non- or weakly identified effects are commonplace. Maximum likelihood will typically fail in such situations and a variety of shrinkage methods have been proposed. Standard techniques, such as ridge regression or the lasso, shrink estimates toward zero, with some approaches allowing coefficients to be selected out of the model by achieving a value of zero. When substantive information is available, estimates can be shrunk to nonnull values; however, such information may not be available. We propose a Bayesian semiparametric approach that allows shrinkage to multiple locations. Coefficients are given a mixture of heavy-tailed double exponential priors, with location and scale parameters assigned Dirichlet process hyperpriors to allow groups of coefficients to be shrunk toward the same, possibly nonzero, mean. Our approach favors sparse, but flexible, structure by shrinking toward a small number of random locations. The methods are illustrated using a study of genetic polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease.
Is There Anthropological Evidence that Logic Is Culturally Relative?: Remarks on Bloor, Jennings, and Evans-Pritchard

AbstractLogical relativism is the view that a logical proposition is known just in case it is collectively endorsed in some culture. This striking and controversial view is defended by David Bloor ...
Dynamics of vitreous and molten zinc chloride

The dynamics of vitreous and molten zinc chloride have been studied with inelastic neutron scattering at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source. The results are analyzed in terms of the scattering function, S(Q,E) and the effective vibrational density of states, G(E). The vibrational spectra of both glass and liquid are dominated by broad features centered at 15 and 35 meV which are identified with F2 modes ZnCl42− tetrahedra. The other two normal modes are note observed because of inadequate resolution and broadening and overlap resulting from coupling between tetrahedra. The behavior of ZnCl2 is contrasted with other tetrahedrally coordinated glasses that have been studied with the same technique.
Laplace field microscopy for label-free imaging of dynamic biological structures

We present Laplace field microscopy as a method for generating intrinsic contrast of transparent specimens. This technique uses a spatial light modulator to perform the Laplacian of the field in the Fourier plane of a microscope image. The resulting image incorporates phase information and thus renders high contrast images from phase objects. We demonstrate the potential of the method by imaging index-matched beads, unlabeled tissue slices, and dynamic live cells.
Chemical amplification through competitive autocatalysis

Linear stability analysis shows that in a theoretical system, which consists of two first order and two autocatalytic reactions, symmetry breaking takes place under certain circumstances. Total separation can be achieved if the stabilizing first order reactions are omitted from the mechanism.
Teaching parallel processing to undergraduate students

Since 1989 the Department of Computer Science at California State University-Fresno has been devoting a great deal of effort to the development of undergraduate courses of parallel processing as well as the establishment of a laboratory serving them. In the process of developing parallel processing courses, a laboratory based on transputer technology and occam programming has been established for both instruction and research. Several issues of course teaching are discussed, and two examples of parallel problem solving and message-passing programming are presented. >
Deformation by Soft-Sediment Extension in the Coastal Belt, Franciscan Complex

Coastal belt rocks are a thick flyschlike sequence of interbedded sandstone and mudstone. Between Laytonville, California, and the coast, beds strike northwest and dip moderately northeast. Pull-apart features and discontinuous bedding are common throughout the sequence. A major unit of highly disturbed bedding averaging 2 km thick can be traced for more than 35 km along strike. The unit is a composite of several thinner units of disrupted bedding. It is characterized by pinch-and-swell, pull-apart sandstone beds, boudins with rounded terminations, sheared mudstone, argille scagliose , intricate discontinuous folds, and exotic blocks of volcanic rock and limestone. Axes of sigmoidal folds in sandstone boudins and in thin clay-rich units generally parallel regional strike but show no preferred sense of rotation. At one place, undisturbed strata lie on this unit with sharp contact; however, most of its contacts are gradational. Pebbly mudstone and a large exotic block of chert were found in other smaller disrupted units. Several features indicate that extensional deformation occurred while sediments were unconsolidated. Pebbly mud-stone and large exotic blocks suggest that downslope mass movements were important. Deformation here probably reflects a combination of submarine sliding and intrastratal shearing; these conditions might be expected on trench slopes during active subduction.
Prospective investigation of stress inoculation in young monkeys.

Background Retrospective studies in humans have identified characteristics that promote stress resistance, including childhood exposure to moderately stressful events (ie, stress inoculation). Objective Because of limited opportunities for prospective studies in children, we tested whether exposure to moderate stress early in life produces later stress resistance in a primate model. Design and Main Outcome Measures Twenty squirrel monkeys were randomized to intermittent stress inoculation (IS; n = 11) or a nonstress control condition (NS; n = 9) from postnatal weeks 17 to 27. At postnatal week 35, each mother-offspring dyad underwent testing in a moderately stressful novel environment for inferential measures of offspring anxiety (ie, maternal clinging, mother-offspring interactions, object exploration, and food consumption) and stress hormone concentrations (corticotropin [ACTH] and cortisol). At postnatal week 50, after acclimation to an initially stressful wire-mesh box attached to the home cage, independent young monkeys underwent testing for inferential measures of anxiety (ie, voluntary exploration and play) in the box. Results In the novel environment test, IS compared with NS offspring demonstrated diminished anxiety as measured by decreased maternal clinging (P= .02), enhanced exploratory behavior (P= .005), and increased food consumption (P= .02). Mothers of IS offspring accommodated offspring-initiated exploration (P= .009) and served as a secure base more often compared with NS mothers (P= .047). Compared with NS offspring, IS offspring had lower basal plasma ACTH (P= .001) and cortisol (P= .001) concentrations and lower corticotropin (P= .04) and cortisol (P= .03) concentrations after stress. In the subsequent home-cage wire-box test, IS offspring demonstrated enhanced exploratory (P Conclusions These results provide the first prospective evidence that moderately stressful early experiences strengthen socioemotional and neuroendocrine resistance to subsequent stressors. This preclinical model offers essential opportunities to improve our understanding and enhance prevention of human stress-related psychiatric disorders by elucidating the etiology and neurobiology of stress resistance.
Observations of the inner coma of C/1995O1 (Hale–Bopp)—gas and dust production

Abstract Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1) was the most productive recent comet observed in terms of gas and dust output. Since its discovery in 1995 at a distance of 7.14 AU from the Sun, the comet has been well observed, revealing the dynamics of a rare and large comet. Hale–Bopp showed strong emissions of the principle cometary gases CN, C3, and C2, as well as an abundance of dust. The production rates of these gases were found to be 1.45 × 10 28 , 1.71 × 10 28 , and 3.52 × 10 28 molecules s - 1 , respectively, with dust production, in terms of A f ρ , 1.36 × 10 6 cm , as measured in the green continuum (5260 A). The observations for this paper are presented in two groups spanning 10 days each, one group centered near 32 days prior to and the other 21 days after perihelion. The averages of dust and gas production rates show a slightly higher value for each prior to perihelion than after perihelion, consistent with a possible peak in production a few weeks prior to perihelion passage.