cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effects of prosthetic and commercially pure metals on retrieved human fibroblasts: the role of surface elemental composition.

Abstract The most common clinical cause of long-term failure in total joint replacement surgery is inflammatory aseptic osteolysis; a condition in which bone surrounding the prosthetic implant, and to which the implant is attached, is resorbed, rendering the artificial device loose and painful. Historically, the severity of this bone resorptive process has been thought to be predominately attributed to the size and shape of wear-debris particles, particularly the metallic particulates that interact biologically/immunologically with cells in the joint. Because the cytotoxic reactions are the result of interactions between the cells and the surfaces of the particulates, it is not clear in the realm of orthopedics to what extent different surface stoichiometric ratios contribute to instigating bioreactive or cytotoxic cellular responses that can lead to aseptic osteolysis. Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), this study presents data and analyses concerning the respective bulk and surface stoichiometric ratios of two commercially pure metal micro-particulates (tantalum and titanium), two prosthetic F75 cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy micro-particulates, and prosthetic F136 titanium–aluminum–vanadium alloy micro-particulates, each containing elements common to total joint replacement surgery. Cell culture viability data from four volunteer donors are also presented, which suggest that micro-particulates containing large percentages of surface titanium and aluminum can cause moderate cellular toxicity, and micro-particulates containing large percentages of surface cobalt can result in extremely severe cellular toxicity. This work further suggests that surface analysis techniques, such as XPS, are essential to determine surface elemental characterization of metallic materials prior to interpreting cellular response results.
Ballistic electron transport in semiconductors

The possibility of ballistic transport in semiconductors is discussed and criteria are given for the experimental verification of ballistic behavior. The potential of purely ballistic motion, velocity overshoot, and inhomogeneities of the free carrier concentration in the space charge limited regime for device performance is assessed.
Development of reflective judgement in the pre‐doctoral dental clinical curriculum

When dental students begin patient care in the clinical curriculum, they are required to move from the well-defined problems of the classroom to the more ambiguous and real life problems encountered in the context of patient care in the clinical setting. This change in learning environment requires development of reflective thinking. Reflective thinking refers to the process of thinking about uncertainty or ill-defined problems. King and Kitchener refer to the outcome of the reflective thinking process as reflective judgement. The purpose of this study was to explore the development of reflective judgement in the initial phase of the clinical curriculum. This exploratory study used a case study approach with qualitative methods. A convenience sample of third year predoctoral dental students (n = 16) volunteered to participate in writing a clinic journal and semi-structured interviews at three time points over a time period of one year. Student compliance in writing clinical journals was poor; therefore the qualitative data was primarily gathered from interview transcripts. The qualitative interview data were analysed using a coding scheme based on King and Kitchener's Reflective Judgement Model of Intellectual Development. The Cronbach alpha was 0.76 for reliability of the coding scheme. Based on the analysis of interview data, the there was an average growth in reflective judgement over the year from Stage 4.89 to 5.59 for an overall change of +0.70. Additional research is needed to explore the growth in reflective judgement over the final year of the clinical curriculum as well as to identify the most effective educational strategies to facilitate growth in reflective judgment.
Simultaneous detection of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS)

Abstract We have developed a highly sensitive assay for detecting TSH in human serum, capable of measuring as little as 1×10−5 mU/ml. With this technic we can demonstrate TSH in sera from all normal subjects as well as in patients with hypopituitarism and Graves' disease where it has not previously been measurable. High levels are found in patients with myxedema. In addition, we are able to simultaneously demonstrate in sera from the majority of patients with Graves' disease a 7S gamma globulin with an affinity for the thyroid cell cytoplasm. The antigen for this substance is not destroyed by polar solvents, its presence is not correlatable with thyroid antibodies, and it occurs independent of the presence of infiltrative exophthalmos or pretibial myxedema. The presence of this material can be correlated with long acting thyroid stimulator activity in the McKenzie assay and appears to be related to or identical with LATS.
Mechanism of calcium exchange at bone surfaces

A mathematical analysis of autoradiographic data for the uptake and release of45Ca at bone surfaces in rabbit, dog, and man showed that a diffusion model of bone surface is not tenable. Datain vivo are, instead, well represented by a single surface compartment. Thein vitro data, on the other hand, can be represented by a series of three compartments; the middle one of these compartment is identical with the surface compartment of thein vivo situation. The residence time of calcium in this compartment can be related to the binding energy of a calcium ion at a surface site on an apatite crystal. It is concluded that the environment of the apatite crystals 1–4 μ below bone surfaces is similar to that in aqueous solution, making them available for rapid exchange of calcium but that this availability is so drastically reduced within the volume of bone that the percolation model of Arnoldet al. is untenable.
Unrecognized Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Premature Infants during their Birth Hospitalization: A Prospective Surveillance Study in Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Objective To determine the frequency and effects of nosocomial respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in premature neonates, including those who may be asymptomatic. Study design We performed a year-long surveillance for RVIs in infants Results Twenty-six of 50 prematurely born infants (52%) tested positive for a respiratory virus at least once during their birth hospitalization. Testing positive for a respiratory virus was significantly associated with longer length of stay (70 days vs 35 days, P = .002) and prolonged ventilatory support (51 vs 13 days, P = .002). Infants who tested positive for a respiratory virus during their birth hospitalization had more than twice the rate of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( P Conclusion Nosocomial RVIs were frequent in our study population, despite the absence of clinical indicators of illness. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer and a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was more common in infants who had respiratory viruses detected.
Perioperative neuromonitoring in pediatric cardiac surgery: Techniques and targets

Abstract Cerebral injury occurs with moderate frequency in patients with congenital heart disease. Physiology, measurement techniques, and targets for intervention in the perioperative period will be reviewed. The pathophysiology of neurologic injury is multi-factorial, but hypoxic–ischemic mechanisms are significant. Measures of oxygen supply, demand, and balance, and of cerebral function, can help identify conditions of risk and become targets for intervention. Measure of cerebral oxygen status with near-infrared spectroscopy is a practical component of comprehensive perioperative strategy that aims to avoid hypoxic–ischemic injury, and has validation in experimental and clinical literature related to pathophysiology, detection, treatment, and outcome.
Time-dependent close-coupling studies of the electron-impact ionization of excited-state helium

The time-dependent close-coupling theory is applied to the study of the electron-impact ionization of helium from the excited (1s2s) configuration. Calculations are made in an effort to resolve the discrepancy between theoretical calculations and existing experimental measurements for this cross section. We find good agreement with the existing convergent close-coupling calculations of Bray and Fursa [J. Phys. B 28, L197 (1995)], but are in substantial disagreement with the experimental measurements of this quantity by Dixon et al. [J. Phys. B 9, 2617 (1976)].
Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Soybean Oil in n-Hexane

This work investigated the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from soybean oil using n-hexane as solvent and two commercial lipases as catalysts, Novozym 435 and Lipozyme IM. A Taguchi experimental design was adopted considering the variables temperature (35–65°C), addition of water (0–10 wt/wt%), enzyme (5–20 wt/wt%) concentration, and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio (1:3–1:10). It is shown that complete conversion in FAEE is achieved for some experimental conditions. The effects of process variables on reaction conversion and kinetics of the enzymatic reactions are presented for all experimental conditions investigated in the factorial design.
The temperature dependence of deuterium trapping in fusion reactor materials

Abstract Measurements were made on the deuterium retention characteristics of various metal alloys implanted with deuterium ions to a standard fluence of 1022D/m2 at 3.3 keV/atom. Gas re-emission, post-implant thermal desorption, and D( 3 He, α) 1 H nuclear reaction techniques were used to assess the temperature dependence of deuterium trapping in four candidate first wall alloys. For 304 Stainless Steel, Inconel 625, and TZM, less than ten percent of the implanted fluence was retained after implantation at 375 K. In contrast, Ti-6Al-4V had ≳90 percent of the implanted fluence retained at implant temperatures of ~675 K, and only limited release at higher temperature. The high trapping in this latter alloy may obviate its use as a first wall material in direct contact with the plasma.
Hepcidin and Cytokines in Anaemia

Hepcidin is a cytokine-induced antibacterial protein which is produced in the liver, circulates in the blood, and is excreted in the urine. It is a major regulator of iron balance in the intestinal mucosa, and appears to have a significant role in the pathogenesis of haemochromatosis and related disorders. Hepcidin appears to be a major contributor to the hypoferraemia associated with inflammation. Serum ferritin concentration is strongly correlated with hepcidin protein levels in either urine or serum, and certain patients with hepatic adenomas exhibit a microcytic, hypoferraemic hepcidin-dependent anaemia. For these reasons, it has been proposed that hepcidin is a primary factor in the pathogenesis of the anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), a cytokine-mediated anaemia commonly encountered in clinical practice and characterized by hypoferraemia with adequate reticuloendothelial iron stores. However, the pathogenetic basis of ACD is not entirely due to changes in iron metabolism, but also involves abnormalities in red cell survival and the erythropoietic response to anaemia. In this review, the evidence for involvement of hepcidin as a major mediator of ACD is evaluated. Hepcidin appears to be a major factor in the systemic iron abnormalities seen in ACD; whether it contributes to the other aspects of the pathogenesis of the syndrome requires further investigation.
Microcavity plasma devices: new concepts for the high resolution plasma displays

Summary form only given. The plasma display is perhaps, the foremost example of a successful plasma application. Plasma display technology has evolved continuously since it was first developed by Bitzer and Slottow in 1966. Recently however, it has faced severe challenges by other display technologies. To strengthen the competitive position of plasma display technology, much effort is being expended at present to find new break-through technology especially with regard to improving luminous efficiency, pixel resolution and fast addressing. In this presentation, we review microcavity plasma devices as a candidate for the next generation of plasma displays. Characterized by a microcavity spatial dimension as small as a few microns, these devices show unique optical and electrical discharge properties. Furthermore, as they can be fabricated in a wide range of materials and configurations thanks to microfabrication technologies such as conventional photolithographic and thin film processing techniques, we can control the device structure and discharge properties precisely, even in large scale arrays. Recent progress in the luminous efficacy and discharge properties of addressable structures fabricated in various materials platforms will be discussed and compared with conventional plasma display technology. To date, we have developed device structures having the cavity dimensions of 50-200 mum, a range suitable for high-definition pixels but there are no barriers to decreasing the pixel size to a few microns. The results suggest the potential of this technology for high resolution and efficient plasma displays for the next generation
Between Heymann Steinthal and Adolf Tobler: Georg Cohn in Turn-of-the-Century Berlin

SUMMARYThis bio-bibliographical account of Georg Cohn (1866-194?) essays to sketch out the life of a Berlin Privatgelehrter at the end of the 19th and the early period of the 20th century. It characterizes the intellectual milieu of time and place, both inside and outside the vistas of Romance philology at the University of Berlin, and traces in particular the influence on Georg Cohn of scholars such as the general linguist, philosopher, and psychologist of language, Heymann Steinthal (1823-99), on the one hand, and the Romanist Adolf Tobler (1835-1910), on the other. In addition, a detailed analysis is offered of Cohn's most important contributions to Romance scholarship.RESUMECette esquisse de la vie et l'oeuvre de Georg Cohn (1866-194?) tente de tracer la carriere d'un erudit berlinois vers la fin du XIXe et au debut du XXe siecle. Elle caracterise l'atmosphere intellectuelle du milieu et de l'epoque en nous donnant un apercu de l'etendue de la philologie romane a l'Universite de Berlin. Elle demontre surtout l'influence d'hommes de science, tels le professeur de linguistique generale Heymann Steinthal (1823-99) et le romaniste Adolf Tobler (1835-1910), sur Georg Cohn. En outre, on y trouvera une analyse detaillee des contributions les plus importantes de Cohn a l'erudition romane.
Calcium uptake in rat parotid gland secretory granules.

45Ca2+ uptake in isolated rat parotid secretory granules was examined in the presence of oxalate. Uptake of calcium was dependent on time, with the maximum occurring at 15 min. The uptake of calcium was dependent on adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), and substitution of ATP with B,g-methylene-ATP did not stimulate calcium uptake. Enzyme marker analysis indicated that mitochondria accounted for no greater than 3.0 ±0.2% of the observed ATP-dependent calcium uptake. Calcium uptake was blocked by the ATPase inhibitors tributyltin, IC 50 = 12.2 ±0.6 nmol/L and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulphonic acid (SITS), IC50 = 3.0 ±0.3 (μmol/L. These results indicate that in the parotid secretory granule there is a calcium uptake mechanism that is dependent on the hydrolysis of ATP and is suppressed by two inhibitors of granule ATPase.
The multinational study of brain tumors in cell phone users' heads [Health Effects]

B: y now, most readers have probably become very familiar with the refrain that "there is no overall risk of brain tumors with cell phone use; however, for long-term cell phone users, results need to be confirmed before definite conclusions can be drawn." Therein lies the dilemma; is there or isn't there a risk of brain tumors?
Prenatal diagnosis of eventration of the diaphragm.

Eventration of the diaphragm is defined as an abnormal elevation of a part or all of the struture. We present a case of diaphragmatic eventration identified prenatally to illustrate the sonographic features and outline a plan of management for this fetal malformation
Axoplasmic transport of RNA containing a polyadenylic acid segment

The nature of the cytoplasmic RNA that appears to migrate along the optic path of the chick has been studied. A considerable proportion of retinally synthesized RNA contains a polyadenylic acid segment. A fraction of this presumptive messenger RNA moves distally to the optic tectum together with nonpolyadenylic acid-containing RNA. The poly(A)-containing and nonpoly(A)-containing RNA classes are transported in roughly the same proportions as their relative retinal cytoplasmic concentrations. The size of the poly(A) segments within the putative messenger RNA (mRNA) did not decrease with time. A proportion of nonmigrating mRNA in retina and optic tectum appeared to have considerable stability, as did transported mRNA.
Statin Use and Musculoskeletal Pain Among Adults with and without Arthritis

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal symptoms are common adverse effects of statins, yet little is known about the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and statin use in the general population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. We estimated the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain according to statin use and calculated prevalence ratio estimates of musculoskeletal pain obtained from adjusted multiple logistic regression modeling. Results Among 5170 participants without arthritis, the unadjusted prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher for statin users reporting pain in any region (23% among statin users, 95% confidence interval [CI], 19-27, compared with 18% among those not using statins, 95% CI, 17-20; P=. 02) and in the lower extremities (12% among statin users, 95% CI, 8-16, compared with 8% among those not using statins, 95% CI, 7-9; P=. 02). Conversely, among 3058 participants with arthritis, statin use was not associated with higher musculoskeletal pain in any region. After controlling for confounders, among those without arthritis, statin use was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in any region, the lower back, and the lower extremities (adjusted prevalence ratios: 1.33 [CI, 1.06-1.67]; 1.47 [CI, 1.02-2.13]; 1.59 [CI, 1.12-2.22], respectively). Among participants with arthritis, no association was observed between musculoskeletal pain and statin use on adjusted analyses. Conclusion In this population-based study, statin use was associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the lower extremities, among individuals without arthritis. Evidence that statin use was associated with musculoskeletal pain among those with arthritis was lacking.
NAD+ metabolism in health and disease.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is both a coenzyme for hydride-transfer enzymes and a substrate for NAD+-consuming enzymes, which include ADP-ribose transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, cADP-ribose synthases and sirtuins. Recent results establish protective roles for NAD+ that might be applicable therapeutically to prevent neurodegenerative conditions and to fight Candida glabrata infection. In addition, the contribution that NAD+ metabolism makes to lifespan extension in model systems indicates that therapies to boost NAD+ might promote some of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. Nicotinamide riboside, the recently discovered nucleoside precursor of NAD+ in eukaryotic systems, might have advantages as a therapy to elevate NAD+ without inhibiting sirtuins, which is associated with high-dose nicotinamide, or incurring the unpleasant side-effects of high-dose nicotinic acid.
Female sexual dysfunction: a primary care perspective.

Purpose: To discuss the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women, some common etiologies, and patient–provider relationships that seem to inhibit successful resolution of female sexual dysfunction. Data sources: A selective review of the literature on female sexual dysfunction, and an overview of assessment tools that can be used to evaluate and monitor its treatment. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction in women is a health issue often overlooked by medical personnel, but it is a topic of great importance to both the patient and her sexual partner(s). It has been well established that quality of sex, that is, satisfaction with one's sex life, is a major quality-of-life indicator. But specifically as concerns the female patient, the issue has been overlooked by much of the healthcare community, perhaps because the topic of female sexual dysfunction is multifaceted and complex in nature. Implications for practice: Clinicians have an obligation to develop self-awareness and clinical intuition to address the topic in the utmost professional manner.
Redo left anterior descending artery grafting via left anterior small thoracotomy: an alternative approach

Reoperative left anterior descending artery (LAD) revascularization can be performed through a left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST approach) in patients requiring isolated LAD revascularization. If the left internal mammary artery has been previously used, however, the operation is generally performed either through a median sternotomy or through a full posterolateral thoracotomy for the necessity of connecting the vein graft to the ascending aorta or to the descending thoracic aorta, thus losing the advantages of a minimally invasive approach. In the case reported herein, we describe a technique in which reoperative revascularization of the LAD is accomplished through the LAST approach, using the stump of the left internal mammary artery as the inflow site of a saphenous vein coronary graft to the LAD.
Leadership in Higher Education

(2006). Leadership in Higher Education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 55-58.
Molecular dynamics simulations of one-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems

One-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The full Lennard-Jones potential is compared to the repulsive Lennard-Jones potential. It is found that the pair correlation function and the normalized velocity autocorrelation function agree at high densities and high temperature. However, the diffusion coefficient indicates that the attractive potential introduces additional correlations into particle dynamics which are not reflected in the statics. These results are in agreement with three-dimensional studies.
Fueling the Public Health Workforce Pipeline Through Student Surge Capacity Response Teams

In January 2003, the University of North Carolina Center for Public Health Preparedness established Team Epi-Aid to match graduate student volunteers with state and local health departments to assist with outbreaks and other applied public health projects. This study assessed whether Team Epi-Aid participation by full-time graduate students impacted post-graduation employment, particularly by influencing students to work in governmental public health upon graduation. In September 2010, 223 program alumni were contacted for an online survey and 10 selected for follow-up interviews. Eighty-three Team Epi-Aid alumni answered the survey (response rate = 37 %). Forty-one (49 %) reported participating in at least one activity, with 12/41 (29 %) indicating participation in Team Epi-Aid influenced their job choice following graduation. In 6 months prior to enrolling at UNC, 30 (36 %) reported employment in public health, with 16/30 (53 %) employed in governmental public health. In 6 months following graduation, 34 (41 %) reported employment in public health, with 27 (80 %) employed in governmental public health. Eight alumni completed telephone interviews (response rate = 80 %). Five credited Team Epi-Aid with influencing their post-graduation career. Experience in applied public health through a group such as Team Epi-Aid may influence job choice for public health graduates.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trialsof pharmacological therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee, with an emphasis on trial methodology

We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological therapy in knee osteoarthritis (OA), published between 1966 and August 1994. RCTs were identified by MEDLINE, supplemented by a manual search of reference lists. Qualitative assessment of RCTs was performed using Gotzsche's method; design and analysis features were rated on a scale of 0 (worst) to 8 (best). Heller et al's method was used to compare efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in comparative trials. A total of 80 RCTs were analyzed (45 involved NSAIDs, 3 analgesics, 5 intraarticular [IA] steroids, 9 biological agents, including IA hyaluronic acid, and 18 mixed modalities, including topical capsaicin). The median design and analysis scores for all 80 RCTs were 2 and 5, respectively. NSAIDs were superior to placebo in all short-term trials, but in the 32 comparative NSAID trials, only five (16%) found significant differences in efficacy. Heller et al's method identified differences in 14 NSAID comparisons; etodolac (600 mg/day) was superior in five of its nine comparisons. Indomethacin and aspirin were the most toxic NSAIDs. IA steroids were superior to placebo in short-term efficacy (< 1 month). Biological agents were superior to placebo and generally well tolerated over a mean follow-up of 48 weeks. Acetaminophen was superior to placebo and was comparably efficacious to low-dose naproxen and ibuprofen (< 2,400 mg/day). The data support the use of acetaminophen, topical capsaicin, IA steroids, IA hyaluronic acid, and NSAIDs in the treatment of patients with knee OA.
The information technology legacy and future directions at MIT

The Information Technology Group at the MIT Sloan School of Management has two principles that underlie its research, teaching and professional activities. The first is a balance and depth on both the organizational and technical aspects of information technology. The second is the striving for innovation, leadership and excellence. >
Oligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers with self-limiting packing densities for the inhibition of nonspecific protein adsorption.

We have created a molecule that forms self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au, possessing the characteristics for inhibition of nonspecific protein adsorption, i.e., uniformly distributed, loosely packed, conformationally mobile, hydrated ethylene oxide (EO) chains of near optimal packing densities. SAMs of the bipodal molecule CH3O(CH2CH2O)5CH2CON(CH2CH2CH2SCOCH3)2 [N,N-(bis-3′-thioacetylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxanonadecanamide (BTHA)] on polycrystalline Au are described. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy data indicate that BTHA SAM thickness and EO chain disorder closely match that of partially formed monothio-(EO)5−6CH3 SAMs when they exhibit maximum inhibition of protein adsorption. However, in contrast to the monothio-(EO)5−6CH3 SAMs, the BTHA SAM thickness and EO chain disorder remain constant in the presence of unbound molecules because of the structurally imposed upper limit of one EO chain per two Au occupancy sites. SE data indicate high resistanc...
Quantitative variation in leaf pocket resin composition in Hymenaea

Abstract Leaf pocket resin sesquiterpenes have been quantitatively analysed in 11 species of the tropical genus Hymenaea. Variance-weighted similarity coefficients were calculated for all species and populational pairs, and chemical relationships among rainforest species and among all studied species and populations were visualized by dendrograms based on single-linkage clustering of similarity coefficients.
Photosynthetic carbon metabolism of the cool-temperate C4 grass Spartina anglica Hubb.

The aim of this work was to describe the photosynthetic carbon metabolism of the cooltemperate C4 grass Spartina anglica. With the exception of pyruvate, phosphate dikinase and pyruvate kinase, the maximum catalytic activities in leaves of putative enzymes of the C4 cycle of a phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase C4 plant were considerably in excess of the observed, steady-state rate of photosynthesis, and were comparable with the maximum catalytic activities of key enzymes of the reductive pentose-phosphate pathway. Radioactive carbon from 14CO2 supplied to attached leaves during steady-state photosynthesis appeared first in malate and aspartate from which it moved to intermediates of the reductive pentose-phosphate pathway, and then to sucrose. These experiments show that photosynthetic carbon metabolism in this cool-temperate C4 plant is similar to that of C4 plants of hotter climates.
Theoretical analysis of the behavior of an heterogeneously packed chromatographic column

The properties of a chromatographic column packed with a nonhomogeneous mixture of two slightly different packing materials are studied by calculating the migration, the broadening, and the shape alteration of a rectangular band moving under nonlinear conditions along such a column. For the sake of simplicity, the column bed is assumed to be an alternate set of coaxial annular columns of the two materials. A two-dimensional implementation of the equilibrium-dispersive model permits the study of problems of this type, requiring two space dimensions for their modeling, such as this nonhomogeneous column with cylindrical symmetry, a nonplanar injection with a cylindrical symmetry, or a cylindrical central injection. The axial and radial profiles of the band inside the column and its elution profiles are calculated. These profiles depend on both the radial and the axial dispersion coefficients and on the relative difference between the separation factor of the two materials.
On the limit of subcritical free-surface flow over an obstruction

In this note, through studying an asymptotically reduced equation which is a forced Korteweg-de Vries equation, an analytical expression of Forbes' hydraulic fall solution is obtained. It is pointed out that Forbes' solution of a hydraulic fall over an obstruction is the limit of cnoidal wave solutions as the upstream Froude number approaches a certain value less than one from below.
Oviductal morphology and egg shelling in the oviparous lizards Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus

Morphological changes occurring in the oviduct and epithelial cells of the lizards Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus during the natural reproductive cycle were examined and quantified. Additionally, development of the eggshell at different stages of gravidity was described. The anterior uterus of each species has a distinct glandular type which differs between species: in E. obsoletus, the glands are tubular and in C. collaris, branched saccular. The branched saccular glands in the anterior uterus of C. collaris produce collagen-like material that forms the fibers of the shell membranes. However, fibers from the eggshell of E. obsoletus did not stain for collagen. The shell of both species is composed of a multilayered inner boundary covered externally by fibers of varying thickness. Initial layers are composed of thick fibers all lying along the same general axis. Outer layers of fibers are progressively thinner and an external surface layer composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is also present. In C. collaris, calcium, which is deposited in relatively small amounts on the shell surface, appears to be secreted by the epithelium of the anterior uterus. The nonciliated secretory epithelial cells covering the villi-like folds of the posterior infundibulum secrete GAGs. Epithelial cell height of the infundibular villi is greatest during early gravidity. A functional relationship may exist between luteal activity and oviductal secretory activity because the activity of the glandular epithelium varied as gravidity progressed.
Spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas with repeated remission and relapse

We present a case of spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) with a rare clinical course of repeated spontaneous recovery and relapse. The patient suffered three episodes of upper-back pain of sudden onset followed by sensory and motor dysfunction after weight lifting. In the first two episodes, the neurological deficits recovered spontaneously and completely. In the last episode, paraplegia persisted even after emergency surgery. Serial studies with computed tomographic (CT) myelography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the remitting and relapsing course of the SSEHs. The possible causes of the SSEHs and the mechanisms of spontaneous recovery are discussed.
SONDERN VERSUS ABER; SINO(QUE) VERSUS PERO

STUDENTS of German or of Spanish are always perplexed about a proper rendition of the English conjunction but. I believe the trouble is due to the rules usually given. The following rules taken from widely used German and Spanish grammars are typical. "Sondern is used only after a negative, and introduces a contrast which excludes or contradicts what goes before." "Sondern in asserting its own clause also emphatically contradicts or corrects the preceding clause, the two clauses being represented as mutually exclusive." "Two ideas absolutely excluding one another are contrasted by sondern, hence sondern can be used only after a negative; two ideas forming a contrast, but not absolutely excluding one another, are contrasted by aber." "Sondern is only used after a negative, and introduces a contradictory statement, while aber, which is used after either an affirmative or negative proposition, concedes the statement of the first proposition, and introduces a limitation or a contrast." "Sino is used only to introduce a positive idea in direct contrast to a preceding negative, and in this case the preceding verb is understood and not repeated. If there is a different verb in the second part of the negation, 'but' is translated by sino que." "Sino is used only after a negative clause and introduces a reinforcing or contrasting affirmation with the verb omitted." "Sino is used after a negative statement that is offset by an affirmative statement." These last two definitions seem to me to be much more satisfactory than all the preceding ones. Let us consider, however, the following sentences in order to determine, if possible, the value of the above rules.
The foundations of economic complexity in behavioral rationality and heterogeneous expectations

This is the second book by Cars Hommes, his first in 1991 being his Ph.D. thesis, and it provides an excellent summary of the work he has been doing over the past two decades both by himself and wi...
Enhancing adult learning through interdisciplinary studies

This examination of the pedagogical and curricular characteristics and imperatives of an interdisciplinary studies program for adult learners, within a wider context of theory and practice, draws on the example of a general education course to demonstrate the vitality between interdisciplinary thinking and adult learning.
Chemotherapy for Teratoma With Malignant Transformation

Purpose: Teratoma with malignant transformation (MT) is a well-described entity that refers to the MT of a somatic teratomatous component in a germ cell tumor (GCT) to a histology that is identical to a somatic malignancy (eg, rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS]). Surgical resection has been the mainstay of therapy for localized transformed disease because these tumors are thought to be resistant to standard treatment. We report that chemotherapy has a role in selected patients with MT, determined by cell type. Patients and Methods: Chemotherapy was administered to 12 patients with MT of GCT limited to a single cell type (two patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumors, five with undifferentiated RMS, one with anaplastic small-cell tumor, two with adenocarcinoma, and two with leukemia); 10 patients had measurable disease. GCT origin was confirmed by molecular cytogenetics in five patients. Each patient received chemotherapy regimens based on the specific malignant cell observed in the transformed histology. Results...
Iron Porphyrin Catalyzed N−H Insertion Reactions with Ethyl Diazoacetate

A series of metalloporphyrin complexes were surveyed as catalysts for carbene insertion from ethyl diazoacetate into the N−H bonds of amines. Iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride, Fe(TPP)Cl, was found to be an efficient catalyst for N−H insertion reactions with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines, with yields ranging from 68 to 97%. Primary amines were able to undergo a second insertion when another equiv of EDA was added by slow addition. N-Heterocyclic compounds were poor substrates, giving low yields or no N−H insertion products. Competition reactions and linear free energy relationships provided mechanistic insights for the insertion reaction. The relative rates for N−H insertion into para-substituted aniline derivatives correlated with Hammett σ+ parameters. Electron-donating groups enhanced the reaction, as indicated by the negative value of ρ (ρ = −0.66 ± 0.05, R2 = 0.93). These results are consistent with a rate-determining nucleophilic attack of the amine on an iron carbene complex. In ...
Three-Year Trajectories of Parenting Behaviors among Physically Abusive Parents and Their Link to Child Adjustment.

Background There is limited knowledge about how positive and negative parenting practices differ across individuals and change over time in parents with substantiated physical abuse history, and how trajectories of these parenting practices affect child adjustment.
UNIVERSAL INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN: A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR ACCOMMODATING STUDENTS IN SOCIAL WORK COURSES

This article provides an analysis of the current method of accommodating students with disabilities in social work education and presents a new framework for providing universal access to all students in social work education: Universal Instructional Design (UID). UID goes beyond adapting already developed social work curricula to fit the needs of an individual student with a disability, to building in accommodations in the front-end of curriculum design that promote a more inclusive environment for all students. The 4 components of UID are discussed, along with the challenges to its implementation.
Alcohol dependence, disinhibited behavior and variation in the prodynorphin gene

The results of the current analyses present preliminary evidence of an association between putatively functional variation in the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene and a dimensional measure of disinhibited behavior. A 68bp sequence in the core promoter region of the PDYN gene was genotyped in a community sample of 1021 adults aged 30-54. Participants were interviewed for lifetime history of DSM-IV alcohol dependence and completed two self-report measures of sensation seeking and impulsiveness. Fifteen percent (n=151) of the sample met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and while results did not support an association between the PDYN polymorphism and the diagnosis of alcohol dependence, we did observe an association between the "low" expressing L allele of the PDYN gene and a preference for engaging in disinhibited behavior. Additionally, people who had both a history of alcohol dependence and higher scores on this Disinhibited Behavior scale were most likely to carry an L allele. These results indicate that variation in the PDYN gene is associated with a dimensional trait or intermediate phenotype that reflects a preference for heavy drinking and engaging in related risky behaviors (e.g., drug use, sexual activity). Language: en
How participants in arguments challenge the normative position of an opponent

This article describes a device used to challenge a target’s normativity in the course of an argument, a members’ method employed in arguments in public places. In this device, participants seek to...
Trauma-related dissociative states and long-term psychopathology in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Dissociative responses to trauma have been hypothesized to be associated with long-term increases in psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to examine dissociative responses to premilitary, combat-related and postmilitary traumatic events and long-term psychopathology in Vietnam combat veterans with (n = 34) and without (n = 28) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD patients reported higher levels of dissociative states at the time of combat-related traumatic events than non-PTSD patients. Higher levels of dissociative states persisted in PTSD patients in the form of higher levels of dissociative states in response to postmilitary traumatic events. In addition, dissociative responses to combat trauma were associated with higher long-term general dissociative symptomatology as measured by scores on the Dissociative Experience Scale, as well as increases in the number of flashbacks since the time of the war. These findings are consistent with previous formulations that dissociation in the face of trauma is a marker of long-term psychopathology.
Toxicity, Repellence, and Effects of Starvation Compared Among Insecticidal Baits in the Laboratory for Control of American and Smokybrown Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

Commercial formulations of insecticidal baits were evaluated in laboratory studies against the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and the smokybrown cockroach, P. fuliginosa (Serveille). Continuous exposure toxicity tests and Ebeling choice box tests showed that these cockroach species are killed rapidly by most of the tested baits. For American cockroaches in choice boxes, the order of bait toxicity was GOLD CREST (chlorpyrifos) 18 d) consumed more than their own dry mass after 48 h exposure to several baits. Both species differed in initial percentage of body fat, but as period of starvation increased, percentage of fat decreased. Values of R, the correlation coefficient, suggested that percentage of fat might be a better indicator of the amount of bait eaten compared with the period of starvation ( R = -0.86 and 0.82, respectively). GOLD CREST bait was eaten significantly less than dog food (the experimental control) by American cockroaches, and MAXFORCE was eaten significantly less than dog food by smokybrown cockroaches.
Cause-specific mortality among Veterans with serious mental illness lost to follow-up.

Abstract Objective Although reduced care engagement has been linked to increased mortality for persons with serious mental illness (SMI), there have been limited investigations into specific mortality causes for this group. This study evaluates the effects of care disengagement on mortality cause and time until death in Veterans with SMI. Method A total of 3300 Veterans with SMI lost to Veterans Affairs care for more than 1 year were contacted by providers who attempted treatment reengagement. Fisher's Exact Tests evaluated associations between mortality cause and reengagement status, and a Cox proportional hazard model evaluated the association between reengagement and survival. Results During the study, 146 (4.6%) patients died. A lack of reengagement was associated with increased noninjury death [odds ratio (OR)=1.64], increased cancer-based mortality (OR=4.76) and an average of 97.4 fewer days of life. Conclusions Care reengagement may support medical care management and reduce preventable medical mortality for Veterans with SMI.
Individual values, Organizational Context, and self-perceptions of employee creativity: Evidence from Egyptian organizations

Abstract Responses from Egyptian employees to a questionnaire incorporating the Schwartz Value Survey, reveal that individuals for whom Self-direction is a relatively important value type perceive themselves to be more creative in the workplace than individuals with Conformity or Power as preferred value types. Results regarding Organizational Context support earlier studies that emphasize the salience of supportive supervision and a caring, consultative work environment in fostering creativity. However, theories implying that employee creativity is hindered by a controlling, hierarchical environment are not corroborated.
Coherent cancellation of geometric phase for the OH molecule in external fields

The OH molecule in its ground state presents a versatile platform for precision measurement and quantum information processing. These applications vitally depend on the accurate measurement of transition energies between the OH levels. Significant sources of systematic errors in these measurements are shifts based on the geometric phase arising from the magnetic and electric fields used for manipulating OH. In this article, we present these geometric phases for fields that vary harmonically in time, as in the Ramsey technique. Our calculation of the phases is exact within the description provided by our recent analytic solution of an effective Stark-Zeeman Hamiltonian for the OH ground state. This Hamiltonian has been shown to model experimental data accurately. We find that the OH geometric phases exhibit rich structure as a function of the field rotation rate. Remarkably, we find rotation rates where the geometric phase accumulated by a specific state is zero, or where the relative geometric phase between two states vanishes. We expect these findings to be of importance to precision experiments on OH involving time-varying fields. More specifically, our analysis quantitatively characterizes an important item in the error budget for precision spectroscopy of ground-state OH.
Weight concerns, weight control behaviors, and smoking initiation.

Objective. To examine the cross-sectional relationships between weight concerns, weight control behaviors, and initiation of tobacco use among youths. Study Design. Smoking status, weight concerns, and weight control behaviors were assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 16 862 children, 9 to 14 years of age, in 1996. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between weight concerns, weight control behaviors, and early stages of smoking initiation (precontemplation, contemplation, and experimentation). All analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index, and known predictors of initiation. Results. Approximately 9% of participants had experimented with cigarettes, and 6% were contemplating cigarette smoking. Contemplation of tobacco use was associated with misperception of being overweight (boys: odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.48), unhappiness with appearance (girls: OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.48–2.84; boys: OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05–2.42), and a tendency to change eating patterns around peers (girls: OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.28–3.62; boys: OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.25–2.66). Experimentation with cigarettes was associated with daily exercise to control weight among boys (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.07–3.43) and with monthly purging (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.27–5.07) and daily dieting among girls (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.09–2.96). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that, among both girls and boys, contemplation of smoking is positively related to weight concerns. Experimentation seems to be positively related to weight control behaviors. It is important for both pediatricians and comprehensive school health programs to address healthy methods of weight maintenance and to dispel the notion of tobacco use as a method of weight control.