cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric lymphangiography, thoracic duct embolization and thoracic duct disruption: a single-institution experience in 11 children with chylothorax

Interventional radiology treatment of chylothorax is well described in adults, with high technical and clinical success that decreases patient morbidity and mortality. However there is limited experience in children. To report the technical and clinical success of lymphangiography, thoracic duct embolization and thoracic duct disruption in the pediatric population. We studied 11 pediatric patients (7 boys, 4 girls; median weight 6.0 kg) who underwent lymphangiography and thoracic duct embolization from November 2015 to May 2017. All 11 (100%) children presented with chylothorax, with 1 (9%) having concomitant chylous ascites and 1 (9%) having concomitant chylopericardium. Ten (91%) children had traumatic chylothorax and one (9%) had congenital chylothorax. We recorded technical success, clinical success and complications. Twelve procedures were completed in 11 children. Bilateral intranodal lymphangiography was technically successful in all (100%) patients. Central lymphatics were visualized in eight (67%) procedures. Access to central lymphatics was attempted in eight procedures and successful in five (63%). In three (37%) of the eight procedures, disruption was performed when the central lymphatics could not be accessed. Clinical success was achieved in 7/11 (64%) children. Three minor complications were reported. No major complications were encountered. Lymphangiography, thoracic duct embolization and thoracic duct disruption are successful interventional strategies in children with chylothorax and should be considered as viable treatment options at any age.
Surface morphology effects in a vibration based triboelectric energy harvester

Despite the abundance of ambient mechanical energy in our environment, it is often neglected and left unused. However, recent studies have demonstrated that mechanical vibrations can be harvested and used to power small wireless electronic devices, such as micro electromechanical sensors (MEMS) and actuators. Most commonly, these energy harvesters convert vibration into electrical energy by utilizing piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electrostatic effects. Recently, triboelectric based energy harvesters have shown to be among the simplest and most cost-effective techniques for scavenging mechanical energy. The basis of triboelectric energy harvesters is the periodic contact and separation of two surfaces with opposite triboelectric properties which results in induced charge flow through an external load. Here, a vibration driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is fabricated and the effect of micro/nano scale surface modification is studied. The TENG produces electrical energy on the basis of periodic out-of-plane charge separation between gold and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with opposite triboelectric charge polarities. By introducing micro/nano scale surface modifications to the PDMS and gold, the TENG's power output is further enhanced. This work demonstrates that the morphology of the surfaces in a TENG device is important and by increasing the effective surface area through micro/nano scale modification, the power output of the device can increase by 118%. Moreover, it is shown that unlike many TENGs proposed in the literature, the fabricated device has a high RMS open circuit voltage and short circuit current and can perform for an extended period of time.
Obesity in Pregnancy: Risks and Management.

As obesity becomes more common, it is important for all maternity care clinicians to understand the risks and associated management of obesity in pregnancy. Elevated prepregnancy weight increases the absolute risk of many adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
Network Risk and Financial Crisis

A stock is prone to co-move with its related stocks is considered as network risky and more vulnerable to shocks transmitted through a network in a bad time. I propose a new econometric procedure to estimate network risk using a factor model. Specifically, I construct a new network risk factor by the Katz centrality based on the residual returns covariance structure of stocks. New risk metrics featuring network risk are developed. An empirical study shows that the component of the standard deviation, value-at-risk or expected shortfall attributing to the network risk better explains stocks performance than their conventional counterparts in the 2007-2008 financial crisis.
On the Evaluation of Uncertain Courses of Action.

We consider the problem of decision making under uncertainty. The fuzzy measure is introduced as a general way of representing available information about the uncertainty. It is noted that generally in uncertain environments the problem of comparing alternative courses of action is difficult because of the multiplicity of possible outcomes for any action. One approach is to convert this multiplicity of possible of outcomes associated with an alternative into a single value using a valuation function. We describe various ways of providing a valuation function when the uncertainty is represented using a fuzzy measure. We then specialize these valuation functions to the cases of probabilistic and possibilistic uncertainty.
Managing mailing lists

Preface. Chapter 1. Introduction Email Basics What Is a Mailing List? Using Mailing List Software. Chapter 2. Designing a Mailing List Dramatis Personae Mailing List Decisions Subscriptions Moderated Lists Digests Archives Exploders, Peer Lists, and Newsgroups Large Lists Choosing an MLM. Chapter 3. Maintaining Lists with Listproc Creating Your List Writing the Welcome Message Testing the List List Administration. Chapter 4. Maintaining Lists with Majordomo Creating Your List Configuring the List Writing the Welcome Message Testing the List List Administration. Chapter 5. Maintaining Lists with SmartList Creating Your List Writing the Welcome Message Testing the List List Administration. Chapter 6. Maintaining Lists with LISTSERV Lite Creating Your List Personal Passwords and Confirmation Configuring the List Writing the Welcome Message Testing the List List Administration. Chapter 7. Maintaining Lists with sendmail The sendmail Toolkit The aliases File Mailing Lists Email File Servers A setuid Wrapper. Chapter 8. Troubleshooting Your Lists User Errors Bounced Email Mail Loops List Abuse. Chapter 9. Administering Listproc Overview of Operations Preparing to Install Listproc Compiling and Installing Configuring the Server Starting and Stopping the Server The listproc Alias Adding Lists Archives Interactive ListProcessor Daily Maintenance and Troubleshooting Peer Lists and News Connections Local Modifications. Chapter 10. Administering Majordomo Overview of Operations Preparing to Install Majordomo Compiling and Installing Configuring the Server Adding Lists Digested Lists Archives Daily Maintenance and Troubleshooting. Chapter 11. Administering SmartList Overview of Operations Preparing to Install SmartList Compiling and Installing Adding Lists Moderated Lists Digested Lists List Administration Archives Peer Lists. Chapter 12. Administering LISTSERV Lite Overview of Operations Preparing to Install LISTSERV Lite Compiling and Installing Configuring the Server Starting and Stopping the Server Adding Lists Archives The Web Interface Daily Maintenance and Troubleshooting. Appendix A. Listproc Reference. Appendix B. Majordomo Reference. Appendix C. SmartList Reference. Appendix D. LISTSERV Lite Reference. Index
A comparative outcome analysis comparing systemic therapies in Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome.

7571Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), with few exceptions, remain incurable and treatment is largely palliative. We performed a retrospective analysis of systemic treatment outcomes of...
Genomic Applications in Salivary Gland Tumors

Molecular diagnostics have become indispensable to the pathologist’s workup of salivary gland tumors and to the treating clinician. Molecular advances have led to the identification of previously unidentified entities and variants in salivary gland pathology and are increasingly used to help guide personalized therapy. In this chapter, the salient molecular signatures of salivary gland neoplasms will be presented as they relate to diagnosis and therapy.
Advanced Rail Energy and Storage : Analysis of Potential Implementations for the State of West Virginia

The growing introduction of non-dispatchable intermittent energy sources to the electrical grid can cause some additional instability to arise. Energy storage systems can be used to close the gap between power generated and load demanded by either supplying power to the grid when other sources do not meet demand or consume power when demand is lower than supply. An interesting alternative to pumped hydro energy storage has been developed by Advanced Rail Energy Storage LLC which seems to be an ideal fit for the landscape of West Virginia. This study seeks to understand the technology behind the system and identify suitable sites in West Virginia where this technology could be successfully applied and operated. Simulation results are provided for both the general technology and the specific site identified as having great potential.
A Two-frequency Subtraction Method to Improve Spectral Peak Identifications

We discuss a two-frequency subtraction technique to reduce the energy leakage in a Fourier spectrum. In our method, the two strongest frequency components are determined by finding the periodogram over an interval such that the two frequencies will not interfere with each other. Such a method allows the subtraction of the two main frequency components more accurately from the original signal. The energy leakage from the main components is minimized to allow identification and more accurate determination of weaker components. Statistical error from the subtraction technique can be several times smaller than the FFT method. We show that the subtraction method is relatively robust for signals with varying amplitude or frequency.
Treatment of Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) can be recognized in the setting of cognitive impairment, fluctuating cognition, hallucinations, REM sleep disorder (RBD), and parkinsonism. Diagnosis can be challenging in those patients who do not meet full diagnostic criteria. Management of DLB can be equally challenging due to the complex interaction of the cognitive dysfunction, motoric problems, and non-motor issues such as psychosis, sleep disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, and behavioral changes. Caregiver input and support is critical in the effective management of DLB.
Health and Food Security of International Students at a Southern University (P04-078-19)

To determine if health (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, and general health) predicts Household Adult Food Security Status in international students attending a southern university. Cross-sectional survey. A simple random sample of 750 adult international students 18 years and older from 950 attending. Participants were recruited via email and completed a Qualtrics survey (USDA 6-item food security survey module, Rand SF-36 health survey). Analysis: Ordinal Logistic Regression with Proportional Odds Test Participants (n = 94, 12.5% response rate) were primarily male (n = 48/94, 51%), from 35 different countries, and living in households characterized by high (n = 27, 28.7%), marginal (n = 12, 12.8%), low (n = 24 (25.5%), and very low (n = 31, 33.0%) food security. There were proportional odds, as assessed by a full likelihood ratio test, comparing the fitted model to a model with varying location parameters, [χ²(16) = 6.87, P = .976]. The final model significantly predicted the dependent variable over and above the intercept-only model [χ²(8) = 31.10, P < .001] and explains 37.1% of the total variance. Only social functioning (odds ratio, 0.95; P = .002) and general health (odds ratio, 0.96; P = .017) significantly predicted the odds of living in a food secure household. As such, there were decreased odds of living in a food insecure household for individuals with good social functioning and general health. Better social functioning and general health decrease the likelihood of international students living in a food insecure households, warranting further exploration. N/A.
Next-Generation Software-Defined Wireless Charging System.

Recent research in the emerging field of RF wireless energy transfer and harvesting has shortcomings such as low charging rates, and real-time adaptability and intelligent control to changing energy demands of the network. In this chapter, we introduce DeepCharge, a new architecture for next-generation wireless charging systems that act as an integrated hardware and software solution, and consists of software controller, programmable energy transmitters with distributed energy beamforming, and multiband energy harvesting circuits. DeepCharge realizes a software-defined wireless charging system through separation of controller, energy, and hardware planes. We demonstrate our indoor and outdoor prototypes with extensive experimental measurements, and discuss the RF exposure safety limits besides the most important research challenges toward next-generation DeepCharge-based wireless charging architectures and systems.
Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice requires PerM for successful cell division

The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist in its host is central to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. PerM, an integral membrane protein, is required for persistence of Mtb in mice. Here, we show that perM deletion caused a cell division defect specifically during the chronic phase of mouse infection, but did not affect Mtb's cell replication during acute infection. We further demonstrate that PerM is required for cell division in chronically infected mice and in vitro under host-relevant stresses because it is part of the mycobacterial divisome and stabilizes the essential divisome protein FtsB. These data highlight the importance of sustained cell division for Mtb persistence, define condition-specific requirements for cell division and reveal that survival of Mtb during chronic infection depends on a persistence divisome.
‘The General from Fort Hill’: Katoba Flax Musopole’s Role as an Anti-Colonial Activist and Politician in Malawi

This article discusses the life and times of Katoba Flax Musopole, an anti-colonial politician, leftist and rare committed atheist in a predominantly religious Malawi. It examines him in the contex...
Achievement goal theory-based psychological skills training session buffers youth athletes’ psychophysiological responses to performance stress

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate whether an achievement goal theory-based psychological skills training (PST) session would procure protective responses to performance stress in youth athletes. High school sport teams (N = 72 athletes, Mage = 16.08, sd = 1.17) were randomly assigned to either a control group that learned about sport psychology history or a PST session aimed at fostering a greater task orientation and promoting the creation of a caring, task-involving climate among the athletes. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured prior to (t = - 50 and 0 min) and following (t = +30, +45, +60 min) a 30-min instructional juggling session with an ego-involving climate (i.e., the performance stressor), along with psychological stress and motivational responses. The PST session helped buffer maladaptive stress responses of participating athletes, with the control group responding with a spike in salivary cortisol and DHEA and reporting more shame, humiliation, cognitive and somatic anxiety, negative affect, demand appraisals, and that they had less control over their own success during the stressor than the athletes in the PST group. The cortisol and DHEA levels of the PST group did not change relative to baseline, and they reported greater social and performance self-esteem. There was a pattern of male athletes responding more adaptively to performance stress than female athletes. Potential explanations and ways to prevent such discrepancies are discussed. These findings suggest achievement goal theory is a fitting framework to work from when seeking to help youth thrive in performance contexts.
The Legal Framework for Mediating Parenting and Child Abduction Disputes in the United States and Mexico

Mediation is an important tool for resolving parenting disputes with an international element, including disputes under the Hague Abduction Convention. Settlements in cases involving the United States and Mexico can be more difficult to achieve, however, because the two countries have no shared legal framework for recognition and enforcement of parenting agreements or orders. This article describes the current legal framework in each country, identifies particular concerns that arise in different types of cross-border parenting disputes, and argues that ratification of the 1996 Hague Child Protection Convention would help parties to achieve reliable settlements and protect the best interests of children.
Chapter 4c Analysis Of Airborne Particles In The Workplace And Ambient Atmospheres

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a rationale for the use of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) for trace element analysis of air samples and a comparison with other analytical methods currently in use. The chapter discusses sampling techniques, sample preparation, analytical methods, and applications to workplace and ambient atmospheres. Step-by-step procedures are described, which are used to analyze air-filter samples for a broad spectrum of possible analytes. The more recent success achieved with Delves cup and heated graphite sources for microsample applications in AAS has widened the applicability of AAS to include major element analysis of microsamples and trace-element analysis of macrosamples. The range of sensitivities available affords relatively easy analysis of samples of airborne materials over the full range of concentrations important in studies of air pollution and occupational health problems.
Behavior wizard: a method for matching target behaviors with solutions

We present a method for matching target behaviors with solutions for achieving those behaviors. Called the Behavior Wizard, this method first classifies behavior change targets into one of 15 types. Later stages focus on triggers for the target behaviors and on relevant theories and techniques. This new approach to persuasive design, as well as the terminology we propose, can lead to insights into the patterns of behavior change. The Behavior Wizard can also increase success rates in academic studies and commercial products. The most current version of this method is at www.BehaviorWizard.org.
A SIMPLE ASSAY FOR LOCAL HEATING BY OPTICAL TWEEZERS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses local heating by optical tweezers. Because most optical tweezers have been custom-built, if not customized for particular applications, estimates of aqueous heating are likely to vary between apparatuses. The chapter presents a simple, direct method to estimate the local heating by optical tweezers that will be useful to all practitioners of the technology. A number of methods exist for monitoring the local temperature near the field of observation. Microthermocouples can be inserted near the field of view, but accidental irradiation of the thermocouple by the optical tweezers laser can cause temperature jumps more than 500°C, which vaporize the local media.
The User Interface

The success factors in analysis start with the established interfaces from day one. What does this mean? You must start the process by meeting with the right people in the organization. In the best projects, the process is as follows: 1. Executive interface: There needs to be an executive-level supporter of the project. Without such a supporter, you risk not being able to keep the project on schedule. Most important, you need a supporter for the political issues that you may need to handle during the project (discussed in detail later). The executive supporter, sometimes known as a sponsor (JAD reference), should provide a preliminary schedule advising the organization of what is expected and the objectives of the project. The executive supporter should attach a letter to the preliminary schedule and send it to the project team members. The letter must put the importance of the project into perspective. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that you draft this letter yourself or at least have influence over its content, since doing so can ensure that the message is delivered appropriately. The executive supporter should also establish regular reviews with the analyst and the user community to ensure that objectives are being met. 2. Department head or line manager interface: If appropriate, the department head should provide guidance about which individuals should represent the department needs. If several people are involved, the analyst should consider a JAD-like approach. Depending on the size of the organization, the department head might also establish review sessions to ensure compliance. 3. Functional user interface: Perhaps the most important people are the ones who can provide the step-by-step needs of the system. Figure 2.1 shows a typical organization interface structure.
Principles and Practice of Grief Counseling By Howard R. Winokuer & Darcy L. Harris

This textbook provides an introduction to the practical aspects of grief counseling and an overview of the theoretical underpinnings and models related to grief and bereavement. Part One of the tex...
Agentic pathways toward fulfillment in work

Social scientists have focused their attention on the period of adolescence as critical for socioeconomic attainment and vocational development. While much is known about how youth develop orientations toward future work during adolescence, there has been little systematic study of the psychological orientations and behaviors during the post-adolescent period that foster long-term success and fulfillment in the world of work. Using data from the Youth Development Study, we found that those who exhibited psychological orientations and behaviors indicative of agentic striving from age 18 to 31 – maintaining high aspirations and certainty over career goals, and engaging in multiple job search activities – had jobs in early adulthood that offered higher socioeconomic status and more intrinsic rewards. The advantage of the most agentic, in comparison to the least agentic youth, with respect to intrinsic rewards and self-direction, are attributed to their higher levels of education, but the most agentic youth had higher levels of occupational attainment, even when their educational attainments were controlled. The flexibly agentic were quite similar to the most agentic in their ability to attain jobs characterized by high levels of self-direction. We thus find that agentic striving in the post-high school period matters both for long-term occupational attainment and for contemporary youth’s capacity to obtain high quality adult work experiences.
The Marshall Islands Radioassay Quality Assurance Program: An Overview

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed an extensive quality assurance program to provide high quality data and assessments in support of the Marshall Islands Dose Assessment and Radioecology Program. Our quality assurance objectives begin with the premise of providing integrated and cost-effective program support (to meet wide-ranging programmatic needs, scientific peer review, and build public confidence) and continue through from design and implementation of large-scale field programs, sampling and sample preparation, radiometric and chemical analyses, documentation of quality assurance/quality control practices, exposure assessments, and dose/risk assessments until publication. The basic structure of our radioassay quality assurance/quality control program can be divided into four essential elements: (1) sample and data integrity control, (2) instrument validation and calibration, (3) method performance testing, validation, development and documentation, and (4) periodic peer review and on-site assessments. While our quality assurance objectives are tailored towards a single research program and the evaluation of major exposure pathways/critical radionuclides pertinent to the Marshall Islands, we have attempted to develop quality assurance practices that are consistent with proposed criteria designed for laboratory accreditation.
Physical characteristics of a full-field digital mammography system

Abstract The physical performance characteristics of a flat-panel clinical full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system were investigated for a variety of mammographic X-ray spectral conditions. The system was investigated using 26 kVp: Mo/Mo, 28 kVp: Mo/Rh, and 30 kVp: Rh/Rh, with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) “tissue equivalent material” of thickness 20, 45, and 60 mm for each of three X-ray spectra, resulting in nine different spectral conditions. The experimental results were compared with a theoretical cascaded linear systems-based model that has been developed independently by other investigators. The FFDM imager (Senographe 2000D, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) uses an amorphous silicon (aSi:H) photodiode (100 μm pixel) array directly coupled to a cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator. The spatial resolution of the digital mammography system was determined by measuring the presampling modulation transfer function (MTF). The noise power spectra (NPS) of the system were measured under the different mammographic X-ray spectral conditions at an exposure of approximately 10 mR to the detector from which corresponding detective quantum efficiencies (DQE) were determined. The experimental results provide additional information on the performance of the mammographic system for a broader range of experimental conditions than have been reported in the past. The flat-panel imager exhibits favorable physical quality characteristics under the conditions investigated. The experimental results were compared with theoretical estimates under various spectral conditions and demonstrated good agreement.
Participation in Prostitution: Associated Outcomes Within Familial Relationships

There are several competing models of conceptualizing the prostitution industry. One such model, the polymorphous model, posits that sex work contains positive and negative factors and that both must be considered when assessing the consequences of participating in prostitution. This study examines the relationship between participation in prostitution and familial relationships using the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health data. The present study conceptualized participation in prostitution to include both clients and providers. Results indicate that participation in prostitution is not a predictor of parenting satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, or of reporting being the victim of domestic violence. It is, however, associated with a significantly increased chance of perpetrating domestic violence (OR = 2.59). These results highlight the possible power dynamic present in prostitution and how these may influence intimate partner relationships. These dynamics are discussed and their influence on policy is considered.
Folate is higher in developmentally younger potato tubers

BACKGROUND: Folate deficiency is a global nutritional problem and is problematic even in the developed world. Several studies have shown that, because of their high consumption, potatoes are an important source of dietary folate. New or baby potatoes constitute a valuable niche market that has been expanding in recent years. In this study, folate concentrations were measured throughout tuber development, including the new potato stage. RESULTS: Folate concentrations were determined in tubers from three cultivars harvested at regular intervals throughout the growing season. Folate was higher in young tubers and dropped 2.6- to 3.4-fold by the time of harvest. Analysis of the transcription of 11 genes involved in folate metabolism suggested that developmental changes in folate concentrations may be controlled primarily at the post-transcriptional level. CONCLUSION: Folate concentrations were higher in younger tubers and substantially higher in some cultivars. New potatoes can be a significant source of folate, and new potato characteristics such as this are likely to be valued by consumers. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
How much time does FET scaling have left

The ultimate end of CMOS scaling was predicted almost immediately after the now ubiquitous technology was invented by Frank Wanlass in 1963 [1]. Indeed, many possible limitations to downscaling were discussed in the 1970s, 80s, and 90s [2]. In 2003, Zhirnov et al. [3] estimated the minimal feature size of a “binary logic switch” to be around 1.5nm, based on the Heisenberg uncertainty and Landauer principles. Since then, there have been many papers [2,4,5] discussing the likely end of CMOS scaling due to lithographical, power-thermal, material, and other technological, as opposed to fundamental physical, limitations. In this work, we compute the device switching energy, C g V g 2 , for several representative FinFET/MuGFET devices, and explore the role of this quantity as a fundamental physical scaling limitation, which we predict will occur around 2030. In doing so, ITRS downscaling projection data [6] is utilized for reference. MuGFET switching energies are plotted as the blue curve in Fig. 1, in units of 100kBT (T=300K), as FET gate lengths are scaled to 6-nm and below. The inset of Fig. 1 represents our extrapolation of ITRS data. This new way of plotting switching energy reveals that as gate lengths arescaled below about 5nm, the switching energy approaches that of thermal fluctuations.
Effects of nicotine on hunger and eating in male and female smokers

We tested whether the inverse relationship between smoking and body weight may be due in part to nicotine's acute effects on reducing hunger and eating. On four mornings, male and female smokers (n=10 each), abstinent overnight from smoking and food, received one of three nicotine doses (7.5, 15, and 30 µg/kg) or placebo (0) via nasal spray every 30 min for 2 h. Self-reported hunger and satiety (“fullness”) and craving for cigarettes were obtained after each dose presentation. Subjects subsequently ate ad lib from a large array of food items varying in sweet taste and fat content. For both males and females, nicotine had no effect on self-reported hunger, but cigarette craving was decreased. Rather than being decreased, caloric intake during the meal was unexpectedlyincreased following nicotine compared with placebo. Cigarette craving increased after the meal, and this increase was unaffected by nicotine dose. There were virtually no differences between males and females in any effects of nicotine. These results indicate that nicotine may not acutely suppress appetite in fasting smokers and suggest that other actions of nicotine or smoking may account for the lower body weights of smokers.
Progress in Assessing the Long-term Outcome of Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Despite the enormous effort of many investigators, a variety of problems have made it difficult to assess the long-term outcome of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW [
Microanalytic acoustical voice characteristics of near-total laryngectomy.

Abstract Limited acoustic data are available describing vocal characteristics of individuals after near-total laryngectomy. Computer-based acoustic analyses (F 0 , jitter, shimmer, signal-to-noise ratio) were performed on vowel samples produced by 20 speakers who underwent near-total laryngectomy. On the basis of data obtained, the subjects who had undergone near-total laryngectomy demonstrated (1) higher than normal and more variable modal fundamental frequency values for sustained vowels; (2) increased frequency (jitter) and amplitude (shimmer) perturbation; and (3) decreased spectral noise (signal-to-noise) components. In addition, speakers who had undergone near-total laryngectomy showed an increased percentage of unvoiced sound production during their vowel productions. The large variability and general aperiodicity of the phonatory signal during vowel production suggests an ineffective laryngeal valving system with overcompensation in attempts to generate effective voice. These findings have implications for designing behavioral therapy programs to improve voice quality in speakers who receive conservation laryngectomy procedures for treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1995;113:689-94.)
Structure and hindered motion of B3H8 anions in solids: An NMR study

Boron-11 quadrupole coupling parameters of (CH3)4NB3H8 and KB3H8 at 298 K are, respectively: νQ = 58 kHz, η = 0; νQ = 0.48 MHz, η = 0.76; where νQ = e2qzzQ/2h. The B3H8 anions undergo motions such that all like nuclei are equivalent at 298 K. First order phase transitions were discovered at approximately 270 and 316 K for (CH3)4NB3H8 and KB3H8, respectively.
Autonomous failure detection and correction on Landsat-4

An integrated hardware/software fault tolerant system for an earth oriented, computer controlled spacecraft is described. The design philosophy as well as the rationale behind the chosen fault tolerant system is outlined. In-flight performance of the system is included for several different instances where the Failure Detection and Correction system acted autonomously to protect the spacecraft. This system exceeded the expectations of the designers by demonstrating the capability to provide a measure of safety to the spacecraft for inadvertent and undesirable ground commands as well as satisfying its primary function of monitoring the flight hardware and software for failures.
Prenatal diagnosis of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy, with an incidence of 1:2500 persons affected. Previously, we reported the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect the common submicroscopic duplication of 17p12 found in more than 98 per cent of individuals with CMT1A. We found that FISH is a reliable means for the diagnosis of the duplication of 17p12 in peripheral blood and reported the validation of the FISH assay for amniotic fluid specimens. Herein, we report the validation of the FISH assay for use on chorionic villus samples (CVS) to prenatally diagnose CMT1A duplications and the testing of 17 prenatal specimens. Seven fetuses were found to carry the duplication and are predicted to be affected. FISH is a rapid assay in prenatal specimens, with a 9.3 day average turn-around time. Limited follow-up on pregnancies indicates that the duplication found in CMT1A is reliably diagnosed in the fetus, using FISH on either amniotic fluid specimens or CVS.
Photosensitized NO release from water-soluble nanoparticle assemblies.

The photoluminescence from CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots, modified to make them water-soluble by exchanging the surface ligands with dihydrolipoic acid, is partially quenched by adding the chromium(III) complex trans-Cr(cylcam)(ONO)2+ (1, BF4- salt). This quenching, attributed to the formation of electrostatic assemblies due to ion pairing of 1 with the negatively charged QD surface, is accompanied by the release of NO owing to photosensitized reaction of the Cr(III) nitrito complex.
Consequences of an Alewife Die‐off to Fish and Zooplankton in a Reservoir

Abstract Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus was the principal pelagic forage species in Claytor Lake, Virginia, prior to a severe die-off in the winter of 1977–1978. Due to successful reproduction in 1978, abundance of adult alewives rebounded sharply in 1979. Changes in the size structure of the zooplankton community between summer 1978 (larger) and 1979 (smaller) were similar to differences reported for other waters between periods of low and high alewife abundance and are attributable to selective alewife predation. Alewife-induced shifts in zooplankton composition toward smaller forms represent a potentially significant adverse impact on cohabiting planktivores, including young-of-the-year sport fishes. Alewives seldom were eaten by littoral piscivores (black basses Micropterus spp. and crappies Pomoxis spp.) but were prevalent in the diets of the pelagic species (walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, white bass Morone chrysops, and striped bass Morone saxatilis). When alewives were less abundant during spr...
Default Probability Dynamics in Structural Models

While much attention has been paid to the level of credit spreads, very little research has focused on the volatility dynamics implied by common models of credit risk. This article demonstrates that the structural framework for modeling credit risk implies that credit spread volatility is bounded by asset volatility, and derives a simple expression for the process followed by default probabilities. Volatility declines with time to maturity and the risk-free rate. Default probabilities exhibit a theoretical smoothness that is not an artifact of the data. Structural models also achieve maximal volatility only at very low asset values, and below the face value of the debt, and there is also limited evidence that higher-rated debt generates higher heteroscedasticity than lower-rated debt.
Tracking progression of patient state of health in critical care using inferred shared dynamics in physiological time series

Physiologic systems generate complex dynamics in their output signals that reflect the changing state of the underlying control systems. In this work, we used a switching vector autoregressive (switching VAR) framework to systematically learn and identify a collection of vital sign dynamics, which can possibly be recurrent within the same patient and shared across the entire cohort. We show that these dynamical behaviors can be used to characterize and elucidate the progression of patients' states of health over time. Using the mean arterial blood pressure time series of 337 ICU patients during the first 24 hours of their ICU stays, we demonstrated that the learned dynamics from as early as the first 8 hours of patients' ICU stays can achieve similar hospital mortality prediction performance as the well-known SAPS-I acuity scores, suggesting that the discovered latent dynamics structure may yield more timely insights into the progression of a patient's state of health than the traditional snapshot-based acuity scores.
The Value of Information and the Value of Theoretical Models in Crop Response Research

The concepts of the value of information and the value of alternative models are developed and applied to corn response research in Brazil. Soil test information was worth as much as $30 per hectare and the response model employed was worth up to $23 per hectare, but two soil classification models had negative values.
Photoinduced electron transfer from zinc cytochrome c to cationic ruthenium(III) complexes within silica glass prepared by the sol-gel method

We tested two methods for introducing cationic complexes [Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ and [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 Cl] 2+ (as chloride salts) into silica hydrogel (referred to simply as glass) prepared from Si(OCH 3 ) 4 by the sol-gel method. We also tested the ability of these complexes to quench oxidatively the triplet state of the protein zinc cytochrome c, encapsulated in the sol-gel glass. When preformed glass is soaked in solutions of these cations in phosphate buffer having pH 7.0 and low ionic strength, the cations diffuse into the pores very slowly, over days. Their concentration becomes higher in the glass pores than in the external solution. The complex [Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ quenches the triplet state in a multiphasic reaction. When the complexes [Ru(NH 3 ) 6 ) 3+ and [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 Cl] 2+ (as chloride salts) are added to the sol at the onset of polymerization, a fraction of them is lost by the rinsings that are required for the glass formation. The fraction remaining in the glass pores apparently does not quench the triplet state. Because the silica surface may bear various charges, depending on the pH, even ions that are smaller than the glass pores have different concentrations at equilibrium in the glass and in the external solution. The slowness of the diffusion of even small analytes, microscopic heterogeneity of the pore environments, and multiphasic kinetics of reactions occurring in the pores should be considered when doped sol-gel glasses are proposed as sensors.
Terms of endearment: Intellectuals and workers mobilizing for a social movement

Looking at the internal dynamics and movement mobilization efforts of the Social Self-Defense Committee (KOR) in Poland in the late 1970s, the study evaluates two dominant theories of the role of intellectuals in political education and social movements—“Leninian” and “Sorelian.” The study combines the examination of KOR's program, structure, and internal divisions, with a quantitative content analysis of its primary channel of communication with workers, the journal Robotnik (The Worker), compared to the Coastal Worker (Robotnik Wybrzeza), the quarterly journal of the Initiating Committee of the Coastal Free Trade Unions (CFTU), an immediate precursor of Solidarity. KOR's social-democratic wing shaped the group's approach to workers, and to the publication of Robotnik. This resulted in an inconsistent strategy of movement mobilization. CFTU's activity was necessary to help KOR regain focus on free trade unions. The data support neither the Leninian nor Sorelian belief in the origins of Solidarity. Several years of cooperation and coalition building between the worker activists and the radical intellectuals resulted in both oppositional organizations undergoing a reciprocal learning process.
2-Chloro-5-nitrobenzoato complexes of Eu(III) and Tb(III) – A 1D coordination polymer and enhanced solution luminescence

Abstract A luminescent 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid derivative of Eu(III) with a columnar structure has been isolated and characterized. This compound shows red emission in the solid state. Solutions of the ligand and Eu(III) in 1:1 stoichiometry are also luminescent with an excited state lifetime of 307.0 ± 4.4 μs and a quantum yield of emission of 1.0%. This is to date the highest reported value of quantum yield of luminescence of Eu(III) sensitized by a nitrobenzoic acid derivative. The analogous solution for Tb(III) displays bright green luminescence with an excited state lifetime of 1.040 ± 0.026 ms and a quantum yield of 3.7%.
Radiative Equilibrium of a Free-Electron Gas in a Uniform Magnetic Field

In this paper the subject of radiative equilibrium of a free-electron gas in a uniform magnetic field is studied on the basis of Landau's quantized particle motion of the electrons and the "Golden Rule" of time-dependent perturbation theory. The analysis presented here is somewhat analogous to the quantum theory of blackbody radiation. It is shown that the radiative equilibrium between electrons and their radiation field arises as a consequence of a balance between the two competing processes: photon emission (spontaneous plus induced or stimulated emission) and photon absorption. A coupled set of equations, one describing the time evolution of the photon distribution function and the other describing the time evolution of the electron distribution function, is thus derived. A simple closed-form solution of the equation for the time rate of change of the photon distribution function is presented for situations where absorption exceeeds the stimulated emission. This solution yields equations for the steady-state photon number density and the radiative relaxation time. It is shown that the steady-state photon number density is the familiar distribution function corresponding to Bose-Einstein statistics for "complete thermodynamic equilibrium." The conditions for the existence of overstabilities near the cyclotron frequency and its harmonics are also discussed. The equation for the time rate of change of the electron distribution function reduces, in the classical limit, to a Fokker-Planck equation in which there appear the usual "diffusion" and "dynamical friction" terms. In the classical limit, it is shown that this coupled set of equations (one describing the time evolution of the electromagnetic energy density and the other describing the time evolution of the electron distribution function) is self-consistent, by proving that the average rate of loss of $z$ momentum of the electrons as predicted by one equation is equal to the average rate of gain of $z$ momentum of their radiation field as predicted by the other equation. The $z$ axis is chosen to be along the uniform magnetic field.
Juveniles on trial.

This article describes common forensic evaluations requested of juvenile court mental health evaluators. There has been a legal shift toward criminalization of juvenile court, with a greater emphasis on rights, abandonment of the rehabilitative model, and greater movement of adolescents into the adult criminal court. A resulting shift has been the redefinition of juvenile court forensic evaluations toward the specificity of adult forensic work. The challenge for evaluators is to refine their knowledge of the forensic standards and bring knowledge of development, assessment, and diagnosis in juveniles and interview techniques appropriate to juveniles to improve the evaluation and forensic reports. Language: en
The abused child: A psychological review

The clinical‐research literature relating to the abused child is critically reviewed. Included are demographic and epidemiological studies, behavioral studies, and studies of the cognitive/intellectual functioning of these children. Research which suggests that characteristics of the child contribute to abuse is also presented, along with suggestions for further research and prevention/treatment.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN β‐ENDORPHIN ANALOGS WITH DISULFIDE BRIDGES

Three analogs of human beta-endorphin containing internal cystine bridges have been synthesized and their biological activities have been determined. It was found that the analogs with disulfide bridges between positions 17 and 26 or 11 and 26 retained full opiate activity as estimated by guinea ileum assay, whereas the analog with a cystine bridge between positions 7 and 26 showed reduced opiate activity. None of the analogs retained significant immunoactivity as revealed by radioimmunoassay.
Approximate Geometric Methods in Application to the Modeling of Fiber Placed Composite Structures

Fiber placement is a modern method of constructing composite structures with complex curved surfaces. Modeling individual tows in a fiber placed part constitutes the challenge addressed by methods presented in this paper. One method is presented to approximate offset curves on a free form surface using the geometric constraints of the fiber placement process. A second method is presented to approximate a curve on a free form surface that can be used to generate a laminate family ply. We demonstrate that these approximation methods are sufficient for the accuracy of the fiber placement machine. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1736685#