cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Collective Local and Nanoscale Distortions in Diffraction Experiments

The effects of periodic and aperiodic distortions on the structure factor and radial distribution function of single-component lattices are investigated. To this end, different kinds of distortions are applied to the otherwise perfect square lattice and the corresponding radial distribution function and structure factor for the resulting lattices are calculated. When the applied distortions have a periodic character, they are very easily recognized in the calculated structure factors as new superlattice peaks. However, when the periodicity of the distortions is suppressed, the signatures of disorder only show up as smooth and subtle features on the diffuse part of the scattering, making it very difficult to identify the nature of the distortions present in the lattice. The implications of these results are discussed.
What’s new at small x?

The authors discuss some recent developments in small x physics. Current understanding of small x physics is that pQCD works at HERA and the Tevatron, but perhaps even better than expected. There is much flexibility in parton distributions to hide interesting new effects. Indeed, there are strong hints from HERA that one is on the threshold of a new regime of truly high parton densities, where one may expect qualitative changes in the behavior of distributions.
Optimal Feed-Rate Scheduling for High-Speed Contouring

The majority of efforts to improve the contouring performance of high-speed CNC systems has focused on advances in feedback control techniques at the single-axis servo level. Regardless of the dynamic characteristics of an individual system, performance will inevitably suffer when that system is called upon to execute a complex trajectory beyond the range of its capabilities. The intent of the present work is to provide a framework for ing the capabilities of an individual multiaxis contouring system, and a methodology for using these capabilities to generate a time-optimal feed-rate profile for a particular trajectory on a particular machine. Several constraints are developed to drive the feed-rate optimization algorithm. First, simplified dynamic models of the individual axes are used to generate performance envelopes that couple the velocity versus acceleration capabilities of each axis. Second, bandwidth limitations are introduced to mitigate frequency related problems encountered when traversing sharp geometric features at high velocity. Finally, a dynamic model for the instantaneous following error is used to estimate the contour error as a function of the instantaneous velocity and acceleration state. We present a computationally efficient algorithm for generating a minimum-time feed-rate profile subject to the above constraints, and demonstrate that significant improvements in contouring accuracy can be realized through such an approach. Experimental results are presented on a conventional two-axis X-Y stage executing a complex trajectory.
Accurate Wavenumbers for Mid-Infrared Fine-Structure Lines

We present accurate new wavenumbers for a set of 13 mid-infrared fine-structure lines. The wavenumbers were determined from observations of the planetary nebula NGC 7027 and of the red supergiant α Scorpii. Most of the new wavenumbers are good to within 0.0025%, or 8 km s-1. We provide details on the measurements and present an analysis of the errors. In addition, we present the first observations of hyperfine splitting in the [Na IV] 1106 cm-1 line.
Gas Density, Stability, and Starbursts near the Inner Lindblad Resonance of the Milky Way

A key project of the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory reported by Martin et al. is the mapping of CO J = 4 → 3 and J = 7 → 6 emission from the inner Milky Way, allowing determination of gas density and temperature. Galactic center gas that Binney et al. identify as being on x2 orbits has a density near 103.5 cm-3, which renders it only marginally stable against gravitational coagulation into a few giant molecular clouds, as discussed by Elmegreen. This suggests a relaxation oscillator mechanism for starbursts in the Milky Way, whereby inflowing gas accumulates in a ring at 150 pc radius until the critical density is reached and the resulting instability leads to the sudden formation of giant clouds and the deposition of 4 × 107 M☉ of gas onto the Galactic center. Depending on the accretion rate near the inner Lindblad resonance, this cycle will repeat with a timescale of order 20 Myr.
A Khovanov stable homotopy type

Given a link diagram L we construct spectra X^j(L) so that the Khovanov homology Kh^{i,j}(L) is isomorphic to the (reduced) singular cohomology H^i(X^j(L)). The construction of X^j(L) is combinatorial and explicit. We prove that the homotopy type of X^j(L) depends only on the isotopy class of the corresponding link.
Quantifying intracellular hydrogen peroxide perturbations in terms of concentration

Molecular level, mechanistic understanding of the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a variety of pathological conditions is hindered by the difficulties associated with determining the concentration of various ROS species. Here, we present an approach that converts fold-change in the signal from an intracellular sensor of hydrogen peroxide into changes in absolute concentration. The method uses extracellular additions of peroxide and an improved biochemical measurement of the gradient between extracellular and intracellular peroxide concentrations to calibrate the intracellular sensor. By measuring peroxiredoxin activity, we found that this gradient is 650-fold rather than the 7–10-fold that is widely cited. The resulting calibration is important for understanding the mass-action kinetics of complex networks of redox reactions, and it enables meaningful characterization and comparison of outputs from endogenous peroxide generating tools and therapeutics across studies.
Optimal Loading Sequences for Fresh-Apple Storage Facilities

This paper reports on the use of a dynamic programming model to sequence the loading of storage facilities at an apple-packing plant operating in the state of New York, USA. The post-harvest quality of perishable agricultural products is significantly affected by delays in getting the product under storage conditions. This model minimizes this delay by identifying the optimal order in which storage facilities should be loaded. An optimal sequence is identified which is insensitive to changes in the relative importance of storage facilities, but which is influenced by differences in the deterioration rate among apple varieties.
A Maximally Supersymmetric Kondo Model

We study the maximally supersymmetric Kondo model obtained by adding a fermionic impurity to N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. While the original Kondo problem describes a defect interacting with a free Fermi liquid of itinerant electrons, here the ambient theory is an interacting CFT, and this introduces qualitatively new features into the system. The model arises in string theory by considering the intersection of a stack of M D5-branes with a stack of N D3-branes, at a point in the D3 worldvolume. We analyze the theory holographically, and propose a dictionary between the Kondo problem and antisymmetric Wilson loops in N = 4 SYM. We perform an explicit calculation of the D5 fluctuations in the D3 geometry and determine the spectrum of defect operators. This establishes the stability of the Kondo fixed point together with its basic thermodynamic properties. Known supergravity solutions for Wilson loops allow us to go beyond the probe approximation: the D5s disappear and are replaced by three-form flux piercing a new topologically non-trivial S3 in the corrected geometry. This describes the Kondo model in terms of a geometric transition. A dual matrix model reflects the basic properties of the corrected gravity solution in its eigenvalue distribution.
Ti2Nb6Cl14O4: A Unique 2D–1D Network Combination in Niobium Cluster Chemistry

Layers of niobium clusters that are linked to each other through zigzag chains of edge-sharing [TiCl4 O2 ] ocatahedra are the central structural features of the title compound. Bridging of the chains by [(Nb6 Cl8i O4i )Cl6a ]6- clusters results in the formation of empty tunnels (a section of the structure is shown on the right).
Time Complexity of Monte Carlo Radiosity

Abstract The time complexity of Monte Carlo radiosity is discussed, and a proof is given that the expected number of rays required to produce a statistical radiosity solution below a specified variance for N zones is O(N). A satisfactory solution is defined to be one in which the variance of radiance estimates for each zone is below a predefined threshold. The proof assumes that the radiance is bounded, and the area ratio of the largest to smallest zone is bounded.
Generalized Squashing Factors for Covariant Description of Magnetic Connectivity in the Solar Corona

The study of magnetic connectivity in the solar corona reveals a need to generalize the field line mapping technique to arbitrary geometry of the boundaries and systems of coordinates. Indeed, the global description of the connectivity in the corona requires the use of the photospheric and solar wind boundaries. Both are closed surfaces and therefore do not admit a global regular system of coordinates. At least two overlapping regular systems of coordinates for each of the boundaries are necessary in this case to avoid spherical-pole-like singularities in the coordinates of the footpoints. This implies that the basic characteristic of magnetic connectivity-the squashing degree or factor Q of elemental flux tubes, according to Titov and coworkers-must be rewritten in covariant form. Such a covariant expression of Q is derived in this work. The derived expression is very flexible and highly efficient for describing the global magnetic connectivity in the solar corona. In addition, a general expression for a new characteristic Q1, which defines a squashing of the flux tubes in the directions perpendicular to the field lines, is determined. This new quantity makes it possible to filter out the quasi-separatrix layers whose large values of Q are caused by a projection effect at the field lines nearly touching the photosphere. Thus, the value Q1 provides a much more precise description of the volumetric properties of the magnetic field structure. The difference between Q and Q1 is illustrated by comparing their distributions for two configurations, one of which is the Titov-Demoulin model of a twisted magnetic field.
A constitutive-relationship model for film flow on rough fracture surfaces

Film flow on fracture surfaces may be an important mechanism for fast flow in unsaturated fractured rocks. Incorporating this mechanism into a numerical model requires knowledge of constitutive relationships for film flow. Based on fractal concepts and a conceptual argument of Tokunaga et al. that water films could be treated as analogues to water in unsaturated porous media, a simple constitutive-relationship model has been developed. The validity of the model is supported by excellent agreements between calculation results and experimental observations for two different fracture surfaces.
HIGHER RAMIFICATION AND VARIETIES OF SECANT DIVISORS ON THE GENERIC CURVE

For a smooth projective curve, the cycles of e-secant k-planes are among the most studied objects in classical enumerative geometry, and there are well-known formulas due to Castelnuovo, Cayley and MacDonald concerning them. Despite various attempts, surprisingly little is known about the enumerative validity of such formulas. The aim of this paper is to clarify this problem in the case of the generic curve C of given genus. We determine precisely under which conditions the cycle of e-secant k-planes is non-empty, and we compute its dimension. We also precisely determine the dimension of the variety of linear series on C carrying e-secant k-planes
Layer buckling in smectic-A liquid crystals and two-dimensional stripe phases.

Smetic-A liquid crystals and two-dimensional layered materials are observed to undergo a buckling instability when the system is subjected to dilative strain. In this work, we investigate the properties of the displacement fields for the buckling system that minimize a continuum free energy appropriate for the layered system. The key features observed in experiments are reproduced by the minimal-energy solutions, in particular, a transition from a sinusoidal to a chevron buckling profile and the accompanying increase in the buckling wavelength.
Measuring the Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on Earnings Management

ABSTRACT: This study examines the impact of ERP systems on earnings management. We use the absolute value of discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management, comparing levels for 143 firms in 32 industry groups that implemented ERP systems between 1994 and 2003 to levels for a control group. We find that over a ten-year period surrounding the implementation date, ERP implementers show a significant decrease in the absolute value of total discretionary accruals, while the control group does not. We further find that short-term discretionary accruals are driving the results, while long-term discretionary accruals show no significant change for either group.
Shape optimization of airfoils in transonic flow using a multi-objective genetic algorithm

Shape optimization of transonic airfoils requires creating an airfoil that reduces the drag due to transonic shocks by either eliminating them or reducing their strength at a given transonic cruise speed while maintaining the lift. The RAE 2822 and NACA 0012 airfoils are most widely used test cases for validation of computational modeling in transonic flow. This study employs a multi-objective genetic algorithm for shape optimization of RAE 2822 and NACA 0012 airfoils to achieve two objectives, namely eliminating shock and maintaining or increasing the lift at a given transonic Mach number and angle of attack. The commercially available software FLUENT is employed for calculation of the flow field using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations in conjunction with a two-equation turbulence model. It is shown that the multi-objective genetic algorithm can generate superior airfoils compared with the original airfoils by achieving both the objectives.
Exact bond percolation thresholds in two dimensions

Recent work in percolation has led to exact solutions for the site and bond critical thresholds of many new lattices. Here we show how these results can be extended to other classes of graphs, significantly increasing the number and variety of solved problems. Any graph that can be decomposed into a certain arrangement of triangles, which we call self-dual, gives a class of lattices whose percolation thresholds can be found exactly by a recently introduced triangle–triangle transformation. We use this method to generalize Wierman's solution of the bow-tie lattice to yield several new solutions. We also give another example of a self-dual arrangement of triangles that leads to a further class of solvable problems. There are certainly many more such classes.
Insights on unemployment, unemployment insurance, and mental health

Abstract This paper contributes to the growing literature on the relationship between business cycles and mental health. It is one of the first applications in the economics literature to incorporate data on web searches from Google Insights for Search, and these unique data allow the opportunity to estimate the association between weekly unemployment insurance (UI) claims, in addition to monthly unemployment rates, and search indexes for “depression” and “anxiety”. Results from state fixed effects models yield (1) a positive relationship between the unemployment rate and the depression search index and (2) a negative relationship between initial UI claims on the one hand and the depression and anxiety search indexes on the other. A lag analysis also shows that an extended period of higher levels of continued UI claims is associated with a higher depression search index.
Radiotracer method for simultaneous measurement of cation, anion and water transport through ion-exchange membranes

Abstract A radiotracer method has been developed to characterize new fuel-cell membrane materials having high ionic conductance. Three radiotracers were employed simultaneously in cell studies and measured by a combination of liquid-scintillation and γ-ray counting. This new method has been shown capable of measuring equilibrium concentrations and transport rates of sodium cations (representing counterions), chlorine anions (representing coions) and water molecules in ion-exchange membranes.
Synthesis of [Tl4Se16]4−: a novel tetranuclear Tl3+ polyselenide

Abstract (Ph 4 P) 4 [Tl 4 Se 16 ] was prepared hydrothermally in a sealed pyrex tube by the reaction of TlCl, K 2 Se 4 and Ph 4 PCl in a 1:1:1 molar ratio at 110 °C for one day. The red crystals were obtained in 50% yield. Crystals of (Ph 4 P) 4 [Tl 4 Se 16 ]: triclinic P 1 (No. 2), Z =1, a =12.054(9), b =19.450(10), c =11.799(6) A, α=104.63(4), β=98.86(6), γ=101.99(6)° and V =2555(3) A 3 at 23 °C, 2θ max =40.0°, μ=120.7 cm −1 , D calc =2.23. The structure was solved by direct methods. Number of data collected: 5206. Number of unique data having F o 2 >3σ( F o 2 ): 1723. Final R =0.075 and R w =0.089. [Tl 4 Se 16 ] 4− consists of four, almost already linearly arranged, tetrahedral thallium centers which are coordinated by two chelating Se 4 2− , two bridging Se 2 2− and four bridging Se 2− ligands. [Tl 4 Se 16 ] 4− sits on an inversion center and possesses a central {Tl 2 Se 2 } 2+ planar core. The Tl(1)–Tl(1)′ distance in this core is 3.583(6) A. These two thallium atoms are then each linked to two cyclic Tl(Se 4 ) fragments via bridging Se 2 2− and Se 2− ligands forming Tl 2 Se(Se 2 ) five-membered rings.
On the L2-cohomology of a convex cocompact hyperbolic manifold

We prove a vanishing theorem for a convex cocompact hyperbolic manifold which relates its L2-cohomology and the Hausdorff dimension of its limit set. The borderline case is shown to characterize the manifold completely.
Pair correlation of roots of rational functions with rational generating functions and quadratic denominators

For any rational functions with complex coefficients A(z),B(z), and C(z), where A(z), C(z) are not identically zero, we consider the sequence of rational functions H m (z) with generating function ∑H m (z)t m =1/(A(z)t 2+B(z)t+C(z)). We provide an explicit formula for the limiting pair correlation function of the roots of $\prod_{m=0}^{n}H_{m}(z)$ , as n→∞, counting multiplicities, on certain closed subarcs J of a curve $\mathcal{C}$ where the roots lie. We give an example where the limiting pair correlation function does not exist if J contains the endpoints of $\mathcal{C}$ .
A novel photochemical synthesis of pyrroles from β-ketovinylogous amides

Abstract Irradiation of β-ketovinylogous amides leads to the formation of 3-acylpyrroles. A mechanistic rationale is offered which involves the recombination of a photochemically generated biradical, followed by transannular condensation to give the observed pyrrole product.
Turaev genus, knot signature, and the knot homology concordance invariants

We give bounds on knot signature, the Ozsvath-Szabo T invariant, and the Kasmussen s invariant in terms of the Turaev genus ot the knot.
Learning and the volatility of exchange rates

Abstract This paper investigates the implications for the volatility of exchange rates of specifying market uncertainty as parameter uncertainty. Private agents learn by means of Bayes rule about a parameter of the stochastic process generating the exogenous variables. Learning is shown to magnify the reaction of exchange rates to random shocks to the ‘market fundamentals’. This magnification effect of learning can explain the rejections of the econometric tests on the variance bounds and on the absence of bubbles that have been reported in the literature.
Toward the Activist Ombudsman: Conclusion

This conclusion to the mini-colloquy examines the importance of both organizational culture and individual practitioners approaches in order to better convey the deeply important and personal work of the organizational ombudsman.
Methane oxidation over alumina-supported noble metal catalysts with and without cerium additives

Abstract Laboratory reactor experiments have been conducted to evaluate alumina-supported noble metal catalysts, both in the presence and absence of cerium additives, for their effectiveness in the catalytic oxidation of methane under conditions likely to be encountered in natural-gas vehicle exhaust. Under oxidizing conditions, all of the catalysts promoted the complete oxidation of methane to CO2 and H2O, with the methane oxidation activity ranking given by Pd > Rh > Pt in the absence of Ce and by Rh > Pd ≈ Pt in the presence of Ce. Under reducing conditions, methane oxidation produced substantial amounts of CO and H2 as the principal partial oxidation products. In the absence of Ce, the methane oxidation activity decreases in the order Pd > Rh > Pt, with the tendency to form CO decreasing in the order Rh > Pd > Pt. The activity ranking for methane conversion in reducing feedstreams was not affected by the presence of Ce; however, the addition of Ce to the Pt/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts almost completely suppressed the formation of the partial oxidation product CO. At a fixed temperature of ≈550°C, the methane conversion over each of the noble metal catalysts goes through a maximum as the feedstream concentration of O2 is varied. The data suggest that O2 inhibits the CH4 oxidation under oxidizing conditions by excluding the more weakly adsorbed species, CH4, from the active sites. Also, methane oxidation experiments in the presence of CO in the feed showed that the methane conversion characteristics of the noble metal catalysts are little affected by the CO.
Solid-interpolating deformations: Construction and animation of PIPs

Abstract Computer programs that simulate the deformations of geometric shapes have played a key role in the increasing popularity of software tools for artistic animation. Previously published techniques for specifying and animating deformations are either limited in their domain or ill-suited for interactive editing and visualization, because the effects of alterations performed by the animator on the model's parameters may not always be anticipated, and because realtime animation may only be produced by visualizing precomputed sequences of 3D frames obtained by a slow process and require vast amounts of storage. To support an interactive environment for animation design, we have developed a new, simple, and efficient animation primitive: a Parameterized Interpolating Polyhedron (PIP). PIPs are easily specified and edited by providing their initial and final shapes, which may be any polyhedra, and need not have corresponding boundary elements, nor be convex. PIPs may be efficiently animated on standard graphic hardware because a PIP is a smoothly varying family of polyhedra bounded by faces that evolve with time. The faces have constant orientations and vertices that each move on a straight line between a vertex of the initial shape and a vertex of the final one. The cost of recalculating the time dependent information of a PIP is small in comparison to the display cost. We provide simple and efficient algorithms, based on Minkowski sum operations, for computing PIPs. When both the initial and final shapes are convex, the resulting faces are the true boundary of the deforming object, otherwise subsets of the resulting faces may lie inside the object. In both cases, correct images are automatically generated using standard depth-buffer hardware. The tools we have developed are convenient for interactively designing animation sequences that show the metamorphosis of 3D shapes. They may also be used to simulate the geometric effect of a variety of manufacturing operations, and for interactively selecting the optimal compromise between two or more shapes. They have been integrated in the LAMBADA design and inspection environment for animated assemblies, where deformations and rigid-body motions may be easily combined and synchronized using a hierarchical representation.
Chloroplatinic acid catalyzed cyclization of silanes bearing pendant acetylenic groups

Abstract Chloroplatinic acid catalyzed, intramolecular hydrosilylation of acetylenes of structure HMe 2 Si[CH 2 ] n SiMe 2 CCR (R  H or Ph, n = 2 or 3) proceeds via syn addition of the SiH group to the carbon triple bond to give, predominantly, cyclic products having an exocyclic rather than an endocyclic double bond. When n = 1 (R  H), only recovered starting material is obtained. Closure of (4-hexynyl)dimethylsilane can also be effected to produce, exclusively, 1,1-dimethyl-2-methylene-1-silacyclopentane.
Efficient synthesis of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) and 3-amino-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AMP) via palladium mediated cross-coupling reactions

Abstract An efficient synthesis of potent ribonucleotide reductases inhibitors 3-amino-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) and 3-amino-4-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AMP) is described. The synthesis of 3-AP and 3-AMP was achieved in 4 and 5 steps, with overall yields of 61% and 39%, respectively. The synthesis featured a convergent approach utilizing a Stille coupling strategy to prepare vinylpyridine derivatives. A more economic way to synthesize vinylpyridine using Heck reaction was also discussed.
Design and synthesis of stable triarylamines for hole-transport applications

Abstract Three new tetrakis(triarylamino)methanes have been designed and synthesized. These triarylamines have been shown to exhibit high glass-transition temperatures and optimal oxidation potential for achieving efficient OLEDs. The para -position of the aryl rings is blocked with electron-donating t -butyl or methoxy groups, which enhances the radical cation stability of these molecules—a highly desirable quality for hole transporters.
The MC68000 family and distributed processing

The key philosophy today is to build parts that will be upward compatible with multiple processor systems of the future so that there is a migration path from existing single-bus systems to the higher-performance, multiple-local-bus systems of the future. An important parameter of these systems will be system performance, and the need for this performance is increasing faster than vendors can increase single-processor performance.The need for multiple-processor systems is clear in the future. Knowing this, the designers of the MC68000 made sure to include all the necessary hooks into the processor design to support multiple processor architecture in the future. Some features of the existing processor that might not be used often today will become very important to future members of the MC68000 peripheral family. Some of these features and systems will be discussed here.
The polyharmonic Dirichlet problem and path counting

Abstract This article provides a solution to the m -fold Laplace equation in the half-space R + d under certain Dirichlet conditions. The solution we present is a series of m boundary layer potentials. We give explicit formulas for these layer potentials as linear combinations of powers of the Laplacian applied to the Dirichlet data, with coefficients determined by certain path counting problems.
Stereochemical course of the allylsilane based cyclopentane annulation

Abstract Allylsilanes function as three-carbon components in a highly stereoselective [3+2] annulation strategy for the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted five-membered carbocycles.
1939-1958: Was Kaldor an Endogenist?

The place of monetary theory within Kaldor's contributions to economic theory has certainly received a considerable amount of attention. Recently, however, it has been implied that Kaldor introduced endogenous money as early as 1939, while conventional wisdom associates this concept with Kaldor's later contributions. This paper addresses this issue. It is argued that while Kaldor's views changed little from 1939 to 1958—the year when he presented his report to the Radcliffe Committee—they did not amount to a theory of money endogeneity. Rather, it is argued that his views were a variation on a monetarist theme, rather than its abandonment. His early views are then contrasted with his later theory, thereby emphasizing the important evolution in his approach to monetary theory.
Optical analysis of grazing incidence ring resonators for free-electron lasers

Two types of grazing incidence ring resonators for use with free-electron lasers have been investigated. These cavities utilize off-axis conical and flat mirrors and have been designed to operate in the extreme ultraviolet region of the spectrum. In this paper, a design algorithm that calculates the mirror parameters for propagation of Gaussian TEM00 mode beams in the two cavity types is presented. Results concerning the angular stability of each type are also shown.
On the problem of particle production in c=1 matrix model

We reconsider and analyze in detail the problem of particle production in the time dependent background of c = 1 matrix model where the Fermi sea drains away at late time. In addition to the moving mirror method, which has already been discussed in [1] and [2], we describe yet another method of computing the Bogolubov coefficients which gives the same result. We emphasize that these Bogolubov coefficients are approximately correct for small value of the deformation parameter. We also study the time evolution of the collective field theory stress-tensor with a special point-splitting regularization. Our computations go beyond the approximation of the previous treatments and are valid at large coordinate distances from the boundary at a finite time and up-to a finite coordinate distance from the boundary at late time. In this region of validity our regularization produces a certain singular term that is precisely canceled by the collective field theory counter term in the present background. The energy and momentum densities fall off exponentially at large distance from the boundary to the values corresponding to the static background. This clearly shows that the radiated energy reaches the asymptotic region signaling the space-time decay.
Hyaluronic acid salt--a mechanoelectrical transducer.

Abstract Hyaluronic acid transduces a very gentle pressure into an electrical potential. Such pressure, depending on its direction, changes the optical rotary dispersion properties of the salt, either increasing the rotation in the direction already shown by the unpressured salt or changing and increasing the rotation in the opposite direction. These findings have implications for understanding the funtion of the cochlear and vestibular fluids, renal function, and the approximation to frictionless motion of normal joints.
An optimum design for the instability of cylindrical shells under lateral pressure

Optimum buckling load of cylindrical shells under lateral pressure using Rayleigh-Ritz method
Metal [Fe(II), Cu(I), Co(II), Mn(III)]/hydroperoxide-induced activation of dioxygen (·O2·) for the ketonization of hydrocarbons: oxygenated Fenton chemistry

Abstract Recent reports have established that Fenton chemistry involves the formation of hydroperoxide (ROOH) adducts (1) of reduced transition metals [iron(II), copper(I), and cobalt(II)] via nucleophilic addition {e.g. } (B = py or H2O). These reactive intermediates (1) react with (a) excess catalyst (FeIILx) to form LxFeIIIOH(R); (b) excess ROOH to form O2, H2O and ROH; (c) excess hydrocarbon (RH) to form ROH (Fenton chemistry); and (d) ambient dioxygen (O2) to form adducts of 1 {e.g. I(O2) = [Lx−FeIII(O2)OOR(BH+)] (5)}. (Note: All bracketed species are speculative, but consistent with the product profiles.) The latter (5) reacts selectivity with (a) methylenic carbon centers of hydrocarbons (-CH2-) to form ketones [e.g. ] (oxygenated Fenton chemistry) and (b) arylolefins via dioxygenation [e.g. ]. The species 5 formed by t-BuOOH and O2 with FeII(PA)2 (in 2:1 py/HOAc) (PAH = picolinic acid; 2-carboxyl pyridine), FeII(bpy)22+ (MeCN), FeII(OPPh3)42+ (MeCN), CuI(bpy)2+ (4:1 MeCN/py) and CoII(bpy)22+ (4:1 MeCN/py) ketonize the methylenic centers of hydrocarbons (e.g. c-C6H12, PhCH2CH3, c-C6H10). With the allylic centers of cyclohexene (c-C6H10) the various species 5 exhibit catalytic turnover of O2 [e.g. 10 mM FeII(bpy)22+/20 mM t-BuOOH yields 86 mM c-C6H8(O) (4.3 O2 turnovers per t-BuOOH)]. For analogous combinations with other complexes the turnover numbers are: FeII(OPPh3)42+, 3.0; FeII(PA)2, 3.0; CuI(bpy)2+, 1.3; CoII(bpy)22+, 0.7; MnIII(salen)(OAc), 8.0; MnIII(bpy)2(OAc)3, 7.0. With PhCH2CH3 as the substrate the O2-turnover numbers are: FeII(PA)2, 3.2; FeII(bpy)2+, 1.8; FeII(OPPh3)42+, 1.9; CuI(bpy)2+, 1.4; CoII(bpy)22+, 0.9; MnIII(salen)(OAc) (salen = Schiff base from two salicylaldehydes and ethylenediamine), 2.0; MnIII(bpy)2(OAc)3, 1.6. The several species 1 react as hydroxylases (including aromatic substrates) and dehydrogenases, adn species 5 react as ketonization agents and dioxygenases. With excess HOOH its MLx-induced disproportionation to O2 and H2O results in production of species 5 without external sources of O2.
Implementation of meid for mobile stations in CDMA network

At present, all the networks identify the cdma mobile terminals & devices with esn (electronic serial number). There is limitation in the numbering resources for the esn, as it is a 32 bit number & the same is nearing exhaustion by 2007 q4. The document provides the guidelines and the requirements for implementing the new identification called meid, which is a 56 bit number and which will resolve the esn exhaustion problem. The document highlights, the advantages of migration to an meid based network. The various requirements in the network entities (both in the access interface as well as the core network part) required for supporting the meid parameter in the network have also been discussed. The implementation methodology takes care of the fact that the present day handsets, which have the esn as the equipment identifier also have to work flawlessly in the network, hence the issue of backward compatibility (meid based network with esn equipped handsets) has also been discussed. A summary of various standards that need to be supported for meid capability has also been mentioned for the various network elements to comply with.
Conformal Invariance Predictions for the Three-Dimensional Self-Avoiding Walk

If the three dimensional self-avoiding walk (SAW) is conformally invariant, then one can compute the hitting densities for the SAW in a half-space and in a sphere (Kennedy in Phys Rev Lett 111: 165703, 2013). The ensembles of SAW’s used to define these hitting densities involve walks of arbitrary lengths, and so these ensembles cannot be directly studied by the pivot Monte Carlo algorithm for the SAW. We show that these mixed length ensembles should have the same scaling limit as certain weighted ensembles that only involve walks with a single length, thus providing a fast method for simulating these ensembles. Preliminary simulations which found good agreement between the predictions and Monte Carlo simulations for the SAW were reported in Kennedy (Phys Rev Lett 111: 165703, 2013). In this paper we present more accurate simulations testing the predictions and find even stronger support for the prediction that the SAW is conformally invariant in three dimensions.
Electrically enhanced free dendrite growth in polar and non-polar systems

Abstract We describe the diffusion-limited growth of dendritic needle crystals from the vapor phase, for which the application of an electrical potential to the crystal can profoundly affect the growth morphology, leading to an electrically induced morphological instability. With an improved theoretical treatment of this phenomenon, as well as new experimental data, we find the following below a threshold potential: (1) attachment kinetics is often more important than surface tension for selecting the Ivantsov solution in growth from the vapor phase, even in the absence of significant faceting; (2) the electrically modified growth velocity contains both polarization and electrostatic contributions, in contrast to previous treatments; (3) the threshold electrical potential is roughly independent of supersaturation, and (4) non-polar systems also exhibit the same electrically induced instability. Above threshold the underlying assumptions of solvability theory break down, and a new stabilization mechanism is required to explain the high-velocity shape-preserving needle growth observed in this regime. Guided by new electric needle data, we propose that the growth rates are being stabilized primarily by structural deformation driven by surface tension. We also describe the use of chemical additives to alter the needle growth axis and greatly increase the growth velocity.
Narrow-line Seyfert 1s: 15 years later

Abstract The spectroscopic properties of the objects that came to be called narrow-line Seyfert 1s were first systematically described and named as such 15 years ago by Osterbrock and Pogge [ApJ (1985) 166]. At the time, they were a relatively rare and peculiar subclass of Seyfert galaxies. Their discovery in large numbers in X-ray surveys, however, has elevated them to a role as important members of the AGN family, ones which may hold many keys to understanding the physics of AGN across the electromagnetic spectrum. This contribution reviews the spectral classification of the narrow-line Seyfert 1s, and describes some of the properties that make this unusual class of objects interesting.
OpenFlow-Based Flow-Level Bandwidth Provisioning for CICQ Switches

Flow-level bandwidth provisioning (FBP) achieves fine-grained bandwidth assurance for individual flows. It is especially important for virtualization-based computing environments such as data centers. However, existing flow-level bandwidth provisioning solutions suffer from a number of drawbacks, including high implementation complexity, poor performance guarantees, and inefficiency to process variable length packets. In this paper, we study flow-level bandwidth provisioning for Combined Input Crosspoint Queued (CICQ) switches in the OpenFlow context. First, we propose the Flow-level Bandwidth Provisioning algorithm for CICQ switches, which reduces the switch scheduling problem to multiple instances of fair queuing problems, each utilizing a well-studied fair queuing algorithm. We theoretically prove that FBP can closely emulate the ideal Generalized Processing Sharing model, and accurately guarantee the provisioned bandwidth. Furthermore, we implement FBP in the OpenFlow software switch to obtain realistic performance data by a prototype. Leveraging the capability of OpenFlow to define and manipulate flows, we experimentally demonstrate a practical flow-level bandwidth provisioning solution. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations and experiments to evaluate the design. The simulation data verify the correctness of the analytical results, and show that FBP achieves tight performance guarantees. The experiment results demonstrate that our OpenFlow-based prototype can conveniently and accurately provision bandwidth at the flow level.
Biosynthesis of brevianamides A and B: in search of the biosynthetic diels-alder construction

Abstract A [13C]labeled hypothetical intermediate metabolite that was invoked by Birch in the biogenesis of brevianamides A and B has been synthesized and used in a biosynthetic feeding experiment. No incorporation of this substance was evident nor could it be detected in culture extracts of the producing organism Penicillium brevicompactum. In contrast with this, [3H]labeled deoxybrevianamide E was shown to be efficiently incorporated in brevianamides A, B, and E, while [3H]labeled brevianamide E was not incorporated at all in these substances. Moreover, brevianamide E has been found not to be an artifact, in contrast with an earlier suggestion found in the literature. These results are discussed in terms of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for the brevianamides.
Relativistic quantum field theory.

THE RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM theory of fields was born some 35 years ago through the paternal efforts of Dirac, Heisenberg, Pauli and others. It was a somewhat retarded youngster, however, and first reached adolescence 17 years later, an event which we are gathered here to celebrate. But it is the subsequent development and more mature phase of the subject that I wish to discuss briefly today.
A formula for inserting point masses

Let d@m be a probability measure on the unit circle and d@n be the measure formed by adding a pure point to d@m. We give a formula for the Verblunsky coefficients of d@n, based on a result of Simon.
Hadron spectroscopy and structure from AdS/CFT

The AdS/CFT correspondence between conformal field theory and string states in an extended space-time has provided new insights into not only hadron spectra, but also their light-front wave functions. We show that there is an exact correspondence between the fifth-dimensional coordinate of anti-de Sitter space z and a specific impact variable ζ which measures the separation of the constituents within the hadron in ordinary space-time. This connection allows one to predict the form of the light-front wave functions of mesons and baryons, the fundamental entities which encode hadron properties and scattering amplitudes. A new relativistic Schrodinger light-front equation is found which reproduces the results obtained using the fifth-dimensional theory. Since they are complete and orthonormal, the AdS/CFT model wave functions can be used as an initial ansatz for a variational treatment or as a basis for the diagonalization of the light-front QCD Hamiltonian. A number of applications of light-front wave functions are also discussed.
Aggregate structural macroeconomic analysis: a reconsideration and defence

Aggregate structural macroeconomic analysis (ASMA) is frequently criticised for being ad hoc and justified (if at all) only as a pragmatic expedient. This paper argues instead that ASMA is consistent with the principles of well-established bodies of social theory. Appeal to these principles reveals that ASMA is adequate and likely even necessary for the successful prosecution of macroeconomic inquiry.
Moment distributions around holes in symmetric composite laminates subjected to bending moments

An analytical investigation of the effects of holes on the moment distribution of symmetric composite laminates subjected to bending moments is described. A general, closed-form solution for the moment distribution of an infinite anisotropic plate is derived, and this solution is used to determine stress distributions both on the hole boundary and throughout the plate. Results are presented for several composite laminates that have holes and are subjected to either pure bending or cylindrical bending. Laminates with a circular hole or with an elliptical hole are studied. Laminate moment distributions are discussed, and ply stresses are described.
Child sexual abuse.

Child sexual abuse is being recognized as a common and serious problem which affects children regardless of their age, sex, socio-economic class, or geographic location. Children of all ages, from infancy to young adulthood, have been victims of abuse. It is well accepted that the number of reported incidents of child sexual abuse represents only a portion of the actual number of victims. The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect estimates the number of child-victims to be more than 200,000 per year. Many of these children are brought to emergency facilities or to their private physician's office for evaluation. Many physicians have difficulties in correctly identifying and managing child-victims of sexual abuse. The purpose of this chapter is to review the most recent advances in the medical evaluation of children who are the victims of sexual abuse.
Context-aware Tracking of Small Targets in Video

Video-based tracking of small targets in a dense environment of clutter is very difficult, because the image resolution of the target is too low to provide reliable information for matching, and in turn the clutter generates a large number of false positive matches and distractions. Most traditional methods attempt to oppose the target to the environment, and are thus confronted in handling the enormous distractions. In fact, a target is rarely isolated and independent to the environment, e.g., when persistent disturbances are present in the vicinity of the target. Therefore, there may exist some objects that exhibit short-term or even longer-term motion correlation to the target. They constitute a very useful spatial contexts of the target. Thus, taking the advantage of the contextual information in an efficient way can improve the robustness of target tracking, as the spatial contexts provide extra constraints in target matching and additional verification in data association. This paper presents a new approach of context-aware tracking for small targets, in which a set of motion-correlated auxiliary objects are automatically discovered on-the-fly. The image region of one such auxiliary object generates a specific spatial context of the target, and leads to an individual contextual constraint to the motion of the target. Under the small motion assumption on two consecutive frames, these individual contextual constraints have linear forms. The collection of all such individual contextual constraints gives a contextual system, based on which the target motion can be accurately estimated so that the association of the target over consecutive image frames can be reliably constructed. This new approach is computationally efficient. Extensive experiments on real test video sequences show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Automated analysis of multithreaded programs for performance modeling

The behavior of multithreaded programs is often difficult to understand and predict. Synchronization operations and limited computational resources combine to produce complex non-linear dependencies between a program's configuration parameters and its performance. Performance models are used to understand these dependencies. Such models are complex, and constructing them requires a solid understanding of the program's behavior. As a result, building models of complex applications manually is extremely time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper we demonstrate that such models can be built automatically.This paper presents our approach for automatically modeling multithreaded programs. Our framework uses a combination of static and dynamic analyses of a single representative run of a system to build a model that can then be explored under a variety of configurations. We show how the models are constructed and show they accurately predict the performance of various multithreaded programs, including complex industrial applications.
Optical techniques for electron-beam characterizations on the APS SASE FEL project

Abstract At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) the injector linac's DC thermionic gun is being supplemented by a low-emittance RF thermionic gun that will support the SASE FEL project. To address the anticipated smaller beam sizes, the standard Chromox beam-profiling screens are being complemented by optical transition radiation (OTR) and Ce-doped YAG single-crystal converters. Direct comparisons of the effective conversion efficiency, spatial resolution, and time response of the three converter screen types have been performed using the DC thermionic gun's beam accelerated to 400–650 MeV. An apparent blurring of observed beam size with increasing incident charge areal density in the YAG crystal was observed for the first time. Only the OTR was prompt enough for the few-ps domain micropulse bunch length measurements performed with a streak camera. Initial beam images of the RF-thermionic gun beam have also been obtained.