cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The formation of clear taenite in ordinary chondrites

Abstract The metallic phases in six bronzite and six hypersthene chondrites were studied metallographically and by electron microprobe. All of the chondrites studied contain zoned taenite. In bronzite chondrites, only about 5 per cent of the zoned taenite abuts on kamacite (the rest being apparently isolated from it) whereas in hypersthene chondrites an average of over 20 per cent abuts on kamacite. The compositions of the centers of zoned taenite can be used to obtain cooling rates by Wood's method. Including Wood's results, 14 out of 18 ordinary chondrites have cooling rates between 1 and 10°C/m.y. In addition to zoned taenite, all of the bronzite chondrites contain clear taenite which nearly always borders on kamacite and contains 50–57 wt. % Ni. There is a slight Ni gradient in the clear taenite such that the Ni content increases on the average by 2 % Ni from silicate to kamacite borders. Clear taenite is also found in three of six hypersthene chondrites, but it is significantly less abundant in them than in the bronzites. The composition suggests that clear taenite formed in the temperature range 390 - 340°C. Apparently it nucleated on pre-existing kamacite when the diffusion of Ni from kamacite to zoned taenite had become too sluggish to maintain equilibrium. This explanation may account for the fact that clear taenite is much more abundant in bronzites than in the hypersthenes where zoned taenite frequently borders on kamacite.
Graft-versus-host disease after double-unit cord blood transplantation has unique features and an association with engrafting unit-to-recipient HLA match.

Abstract Manifestations of and risk factors for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after double-unit cord blood transplantation (DCBT) are not firmly established. We evaluated 115 DCBT recipients (median age, 37 years) who underwent transplantation for hematologic malignancies with myeloablative or nonmyeloablative conditioning and calcineurin inhibitor/mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression. Incidence of day 180 grades II to IV and III to IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) were 53% (95% confidence interval, 44 to 62) and 23% (95% confidence interval, 15 to 31), respectively, with a median onset of 40 days (range, 14 to 169). Eighty percent of patients with grades II to IV aGVHD had gut involvement, and 79% and 85% had day 28 treatment responses to systemic corticosteroids or budesonide, respectively. Of 89 engrafted patients cancer-free at day 100, 54% subsequently had active GVHD, with 79% of those affected having persistent or recurrent aGVHD or overlap syndrome. Late GVHD in the form of classic chronic GVHD was uncommon. Notably, grades III to IV aGVHD incidence was lower if the engrafting unit human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -DRB1 allele match was >4/6 to the recipient (hazard ratio, 0.385; P = .031), whereas engrafting unit infused nucleated cell dose and unit-to-unit HLA match were not significant. GVHD after DCBT was common in our study, predominantly affected the gut, and had a high therapy response, and late GVHD frequently had acute features. Our findings support the consideration of HLA- A,-B,-DRB1 allele donor–recipient (but not unit–unit) HLA match in unit selection, a practice change in the field. Moreover, new prophylaxis strategies that target the gastrointestinal tract are needed.
Characterization of optimum polarization for multiple target discrimination using genetic algorithms

In radar scattering problems in which target discrimination cannot be accomplished on the basis of a difference in range, the polarization spectrum (signature) may be the appropriate tool to differentiate between different targets or targets and clutter. This idea stems from the fact that the polarization for which the radar receives the maximum or minimum scattered power (optimum polarization) from a target may be different from the optimum polarisations of the other targets or its surrounding clutter. In this paper we confine our interest to the problem of characterizing polarization combination of the receive and transmit antennas of a radar system for target classification. The motivation for considering the problem at hand stems from the fact that in many cases of practical importance, target classification when there are more than two possible targets is of interest. The complex optimization problem in finding the receive and transmit polarizations of a non-polarimetric radar is addressed using a stochastic optimization method. The application of genetic algorithms for characterization of optimum antenna polarizations is considered to achieve multiple target classification with least error probability. The objective function is defined so that the solution directly specifies the threshold levels for target classification. In this procedure it is assumed that the polarimetric responses of the targets are known.
The effect of body weight on adolescent sexual activity.

Recent research suggests that overweight females suffer penalties in the labor and marriage markets, while overweight males do not. This study explores whether similar gender differences in the effect of body weight exist in what Cawley et al. (2006) labeled ‘the adolescent sex market’. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we use fixed effects and instrumental variables identification strategies to estimate the relationship between body weight and sexual activity. We find evidence that increased body weight lowers the probability that female adolescents become sexually active. In contrast, there is little evidence of a causal relationship between body weight and sexual activity for male adolescents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxoplasmosis in a patient who was immunocompetent: A case report

Introduction Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects up to one-third of the world's population. Although this case is not the first of its kind, it is clinically important since it will help doctors keep a broad differential diagnosis in mind when attending to similar patients.
In vitro fluid and particle transport in the murine endolymphatic sac.

The murine endolymphatic sac (ELS) can survive for several weeks in tissue culture. The epithelial cells mature in vitro and demonstrate functional activity under these artificial conditions. The goal of the present study was to investigate fluid and particle transport between the ELS cells, the ELS lumen, and the surrounding tissue culture medium. A series of tracers, including anti-mouse IgG-labelled colloidal gold, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and ruthenium red (RR) were used to elucidate different aspects of ELS transport. Results indicated that both light and dark cells of the ELS took up HRP from both the luminal and the basal side of the epithelial cells, forming coated vesicles. Only luminal uptake occurred when the HRP was injected into the lumen, and only basal uptake was observed when the HRP was placed in the culture media. HRP introduced into the tissue culture media never entered the lumen of the ELS. Anti-mouse IgG labelled with gold showed no uptake at all from either side of the epitheli...
A new data acquisition method for measuring dentitions and tests for accuracy.

A data acquisition method for recording the relative position of the landmarks in dental casts, photographs or xerox prints, has been devised. Essentially it consists of a modified comparator and a decimal converter connected to an IBM key punch. This method of recording the landmarks independently, permits any measurement such as size of the teeth, arch width and length, perimeter, spacing and crowding, changes of displaced and rotated teeth to be derived by programming the computer. Measurement errors were studied for accuracy of equipment, reorientation of dental casts, validity of measurements between different instruments and reproducibility of landmark location.
The appropriateness of geographic information systems for regional planning in the developing world

This paper examines organizational and political issues associated with the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and land information systems (LB) in the developing world. The paper suggests that "appropriate technology" for the developing world does not have to be old- fashioned or unsophisticated; it just has to be cheap, effective, reliable, and easy to use. As a result, the question of whether GIS technology is appropriate for regional planning in the developing world is dependent on the availability of all four components of the GIS technology "package": suitable equipment, appropriate information, proper organization, and available expertise. This paper considers each of these components as they relate to the use of GIS for regional planning in the developing world.
C-ODO: an OWL meta-model for collaborative ontology design

The design and maintenance of ontologies is a complex social collaborative activity, and this is true especially for semantic-web ontologies. On the one hand, such activity calls for the availability of tools providing support to typical operations such as the reuse of existing ontologies and design patterns, the re-engineering of thesauri, lexicons, folksonomies, database schemas, and knowledge from corpora, or to the appropriate evaluation and selection processes which are needed in order to make an ontology functional to a given task. On the other hand, tools able to support the collaborative performance of all these operations, aiding e.g. the discussion and consensus-reaching processes on an ontology element and its rationale, should be provided too. Current tools substantially fail to address both types of need. In our opinion, this is partly due to the lack of both an adequate requirement analysis, which describes the actual processes and data that are usually managed during ontology-design activities, and a unifying conceptual framework, which puts together the several interrelated aspects of (collaborative) ontology design. In this paper we present a formal framework that represents the notions needed to express requirements for the development of collaborative ontology engineering tools. The framework is formalized as an OWL(DL) ontology named C-ODO (Collaborative Ontology-Design Ontology), and is being used within the EU NeOn project.
Modeling and optimization of HVAC energy consumption

A data-driven approach for minimization of the energy to air condition a typical office-type facility is presented. Eight data-mining algorithms are applied to model the nonlinear relationship among energy consumption, control settings (supply air temperature and supply air static pressure), and a set of uncontrollable parameters. The multiple-linear perceptron (MLP) ensemble outperforms other models tested in this research, and therefore it is selected to model a chiller, a pump, a fan, and a reheat device. These four models are integrated into an energy optimization model with two decision variables, the setpoint of the supply air temperature and the static pressure in the air handling unit. The model is solved with a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimization results have demonstrated the total energy consumed by the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system is reduced by over 7%.
Chasing the neurome: Segmentation and comparison of neurons

The neuronal content of an organism, the individual morphology of each neuron and the variability of these components constitute the atlas of the neurome. The description of such an atlas will be critical in determining the complex neural system of a given organism, eventually providing clues to how animals think and function. As the organisms under investigation scale from the worm to the human, the number of neurons scale from tens to millions. Image analysis is a key ingredient in tackling a neurome for complex organisms. Specifically, two major problems stand between the state of the art and successful automation. First, neurons must be segmented from microscopy, yielding a morphological description of each individual neuron. Second, these neurons must be matched to prototypes and classified by function. This report describes current progress on these two fronts, revealing encouraging progress as demonstrated on the fruit fly Drosophila.
Network equilibrium models with battery electric vehicles

The limited driving ranges, the scarcity of recharging stations and potentially long battery recharging or swapping time inevitably affect route choices of drivers of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). When traveling between their origins and destinations, this paper assumes that BEV drivers select routes and decide battery recharging plans to minimize their trip times or costs while making sure to complete their trips without running out of charge. With different considerations of flow dependency of energy consumption of BEVs and recharging time, three mathematical models are formulated to describe the resulting network equilibrium flow distributions on regional or metropolitan road networks. Solution algorithms are proposed to solve these models efficiently. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the models and solution algorithms.
Arterial Signal Timing and Coordination: Sensitivity Analyses and Partition Techniques

This paper addresses two issues regarding arterial signal coordination and traffic progression: (1) It presents a sensitivity analysis of determining the optimal network cycle length under various combined options chosen among increment in cycle length, whether and how to allow uncoordinated, and ways to conduct offset optimization; and (2) It compares the effectiveness of three different network partition techniques which can be potentially incorporated into software packages. A case study is undertaken using a real world arterial in the City of Tyler, Texas. Numerical results indicate that using the Quick Offset Optimization command during the process of optimizing cycle length may not be sufficient enough to find the best signal timing plans and this is particularly true if intersections are allowed uncoordinated to a certain extent (ranging from Rarely, to Sometime, to Often). It is also found that the three different partition techniques (i.e., Coupling Index, Strength of Attraction, and Coordinatability Factor) differ only slightly and can produce the same solutions in all scenarios.
A proximal pair of positive charges provides the dominant ligand-binding contribution to complement-like domains from the LRP (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein)

The LRP (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein) can bind a wide range of structurally diverse ligands to regions composed of clusters of ~40 residue Ca2+-dependent, disulfide-rich, CRs (complement-like repeats). Whereas lysine residues from the ligands have been implicated in binding, there has been no quantification of the energetic contributions of such interactions and hence of their relative importance in overall affinity, or of the ability of arginine or histidine residues to bind. We have used four representative CR domains from the principal ligand-binding cluster of LRP to determine the energetics of interaction with well-defined small ligands that include methyl esters of lysine, arginine, histidine and aspartate, as well as N-terminally blocked lysine methyl ester. We found that not only lysine but also arginine and histidine bound well, and when present with an additional proximal positive charge, accounted for about half of the total binding energy of a protein ligand such as PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). Two such sets of interactions, one to each of two CR domains could thus account for almost all of the necessary binding energy of a real ligand such as PAI-1. For the CR domains, a central aspartate residue in the sequence DxDxD tightens the Kd by ~20-fold, whereas DxDDD is no more effective. Together these findings establish the rules for determining the binding specificity of protein ligands to LRP and to other LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) family members.
Functional aspects of skeletal muscle contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum after fatigue

This study examined the effects of fatigue on the functional aspects of the contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Frog semitendinosus muscles were stimulated to fatigue, and skinne...
Natural Law Originalism for the Twenty-First Century: A Principle of Judicial Restraint, Not Invention

Natural law assumes that, just as there is a physical reality to the universe, there is also a moral one. Natural law serves as the foundation for positive law, and conversely positive law in necessary to make natural law effective. Nonetheless, the relation between natural law and the Constitution is much disputed. Professor Kmiec argues that natural law was important to the Constitutional framers and is indeed reflected in the Constitution. He continues by offering a definition of natural law originalism, speculating how this definition might have been helpful to the Supreme Court in the controversial Lawrence v. Texas decision, and looking at competing Constitutional interpretive methods.
In vivo wear of polyethylene acetabular components

Polyethylene acetabular cups retrieved at revision surgery were measured by a shadowgraph technique to determine linear wear, and the values were compared with those obtained from radiographs. There was a close correlation between them, although the radiographic measurements slightly underestimated the true wear. Average linear wear rates for surface-replacement components were much greater than those for conventional prostheses with femoral heads up to 32 mm in diameter. Volumetric wear, calculated using a new formula, was found to be less than previously reported in vivo, and similar in magnitude to the results of experimental wear tests in vitro. The volumetric wear rates were greatest for the surface-replacement components and, for conventional components, were found to increase in a linear manner with component diameter.
Identification of network components in presence of unobserved nodes

The paper tackles the problem of identifying an individual transfer function in a network of linear dynamical systems in the presence of loops under the assumptions that (i) only a subset of the nodes is observable, and (ii) data are being passively recorded (i.e. it is not possible to intervene on any part of the system by actively injecting an input). Such a scenario is often encountered in the study of many naturally occurring systems and is also motivated by operating networked systems where the injection of an external signal might lead to undesired disruptions. Sufficient conditions on which signals should be observable to guarantee the identifiability of a desired link are provided. The results generalize well-established identification criteria developed in the context of graphical models.
Anomalous Left Main Coronary Artery From Right Coronary Cusp

Anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery is a rare clinical entity that can present with symptoms across the clinical gamut, from asymptomatic to chest pain and possibly even sudden death. The clinical syndrome varies depending on the course of the aberrant left main. The anterior course where the artery runs between the aorta and the pulmonary artery can lead to compression of the left main, resulting in ischemia and possibly sudden death. In this article, the authors describe a case of a left main arising from the right coronary cusp that took a posterior course. There was a high-grade, proximal left anterior descending artery lesion that was treated with percutaneous intervention after defining the course of the aberrant left main.
Investigation of Residents' Participation in Walking Exercise in Tianjin

[Objectives]To study the awareness and participation status of walking exercise in residents of Tianjin,provide the evidence for making policies of health education and behavior intervention.[Methods]The questionnaire survey was carried out among 458 people in Tianjin urban area by telephone interview and street interview in 2007,and the results were analyzed with SPSS 11.5.[Results]40.3% of respondents knew walking exercise can prevent hypertension and diabetes,there was no significant difference in awareness rate among different age groups(P0.05).The participation rate of walking exercise was 30.7%,there was no significant difference between sex and age(P0.05).The average time of walking exercise was(33.9±19.4)min each time.The respondents whose time of walking exercise was 30min,=30 min and 30min accounted for 32.3%,36.8% and 30.8%,respectively.[Conclusion]The awareness rate of benefit of walking exercise and the participation rate of residents was not high,especially in male resident and youth aged 18~44 years,and the time of walking exercise can meet the demand of prevention of chronic diseases.
Design and Development of Refueling Training Simulation System for Multi-types Aeroplane

It is very significant for exploring the oil support problems of multi-types aeroplane and enhancing the logistics support capability for an aerodrome by developing the refueling training simulation system.According to the practical requirements of oil support,the design scheme of a simulation training system was proposed and built the system models of requirements and overall hierarchical structure.The key technologies of the virtual reality in system ,such as building virtual scene models,optimization of 3D modeling and its animation were discussed in details.And finally,the hardware configurations was given.The initial application shows that the system provides an effective means for the training and study about oil Support of multi-types aeroplane.
Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness Calculation of Spur Gears Based on Improved Energy Method

Based on the existing references,considering the accurate modeling of the tooth,this paper presented a correction method by simplifying the gear tooth as a cantilever beam on the root circle. Comparing w ith the results from references and finite element method,the error reasons of different methods w ere presented and the validity of this method w as proved. This method can avoid judging the number of tooth and improve the generality of the potential energy method w hen calculating the time-varying mesh stiffness. The results provide theoretical basis for the meshing dynamic analysis of spur gears.
Short-Term Highway Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Mixed AGO-SVM

Our goal is to present a mixed AGO-SVM highway traffic flow prediction method.Pretreatment traffic flow data following some rule is generated by accumulated generating operation and is modeled and predicted by support vector machine algorithm.Traffic flow data of the next moment in the highway is retrieved by inverse accumulated generating operation.Predicted data is kept updating,the sample sequence is maintained and the highway traffic flow is predicted through recursive prediction.The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by Xi-Bao highway traffic flow data.The results show that the proposed method is more effective than gray model algorithm and support vector machine algorithm in prediction accuracy.
Secondary carcinomas of the kidney.

AbstractWe reviewed 81 cases of secondary carcinoma of the kidney, the clinical detection of which still remains a challenge. All lymphomas were excluded from this study. There was no direct relationship of the cell type of the primary tumor to the degree of renal invasion. Generally, functional renal impairment was not a significant entity unless renal destruction was extreme. Ureteral obstruction was infrequent in this group. Angiography was helpful in determining the metastatic spread as well as the degree of renal involvement.The varied aspects of the primary tumor’s pathophysiology have been a continuing challenge to early detection and successful therapy in any patient. Furthermore, the anatomic location and the peculiar biologic behavior of some primary tumors may make the clinical course and response to treatment unpredictable. Lungs, stomach, breast and contralateral kidney remain the common primary sources of malignancy likely to metastasize to the kidney, with an apparent period of occult growt...
Influence of step faceting on the enantiospecific decomposition of aspartic acid on chiral Cu surfaces vicinal to Cu{111}

On surfaces vicinal to Cu{111}, L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) adsorption causes steps to facet enantiospecifically into {310}R and {320}S steps. L-Asp has its highest heat of adsortion on surfaces that naturally expose the {310}R or {320}S steps but decomposes preferentially on the {310}R steps.
Soy-oil-based waterborne polyurethane improved wet strength of soy protein adhesives on wood

Abstract Soy-oil-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is used to improve wet strength in shear test of wood bonded with an adhesive of soy protein isolate (SPI) by dispersing WPU into SPI slurry. WPU׳s effects on the physiochemical properties of WPU-SPI adhesives are characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, thermal analysis, contact angle, and mechanical strength. Wet strength of the WPU-SPI adhesives increases by 65% compared to SPI control. Moreover, the microstructure of WPU has effects on the interactions between WPU and SPI. In this study, smaller and more uniform distributed WPU0002 is easier to interact and form stronger crosslinking network with protein than WPU0500. The stronger interaction between WPU0002 and protein results in increased viscosity and bond strength. The WPU-SPI blended adhesives show significantly improved wet strength, demonstrating their potential as wood adhesives.
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Circuits and Signaling in Cognition and Cognitive Decline

Recent work continues to place cholinergic circuits at center stage for normal executive and mnemonic functioning and provides compelling evidence that the loss of cholinergic signaling and cognitive decline are inextricably linked. This Review focuses on the last few years of studies on the mechanisms by which cholinergic signaling contributes to circuit activity related to cognition. We attempt to identify areas of controversy, as well as consensus, on what is and is not yet known about how cholinergic signaling in the CNS contributes to normal cognitive processes. In addition, we delineate the findings from recent work on the extent to which dysfunction of cholinergic circuits contributes to cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
Postoperative pulmonary artery stenosis: current options and future directions.

This study by Kim et al . (1) addresses an important and frequent issue in pediatric cardiac surgery, which is the management of postoperative pulmonary artery (PA) branches stenoses. Different options are currently available to treat a PA branch stenosis, including a conventional surgical plasty using (or not) a biological patch (autologous pericardium, human cryopreserved pericardium, bovine or equine pericardium, or decellularized porcine intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix) or a synthetic patch (polytetrafluoroethylene, terephtalate, ...), percutaneous procedures (balloon dilation, stent placement, cutting balloon dilation, ...) and hybrid procedures.
Mesenchymal stem cells in the aseptic loosening of total joint replacements.

Peri-prosthetic osteolysis remains as the main long-term complication of total joint replacement surgery. Research over four decades has established implant wear as the main culprit for chronic inflammation in the peri-implant tissues and macrophages as the key cells mediating the host reaction to implant-derived wear particles. Wear debris activated macrophages secrete inflammatory mediators that stimulate bone resorbing osteoclasts; thus bone loss in the peri-implant tissues is increased. However, the balance of bone turnover is not only dictated by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but also by the formation of new bone by osteoblasts; under physiological conditions these two processes are tightly coupled. Increasing interest has been placed on the effects of wear debris on the cells of the bone-forming lineage. These cells are derived primarily from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) residing in bone marrow and the walls of the microvasculature. Accumulating evidence indicates that wear debris significantly impairs MSC-to-osteoblast differentiation and subsequent bone formation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of biomaterial implant wear debris on MSCs. Emerging treatment options to improve initial implant integration and treat developing osteolytic lesions by utilizing or targeting MSCs are also discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1195–1207, 2017.
Photosynthesis and aboveground carbon allocation of two co-occurring poplar species in an urban brownfield.

Phytoremediation, a technique used to reclaim heavy metal-contaminated soils, requires an understanding of plant physiological responses to heavy metals. However, the majority of studies documenting heavy metal impact on plant functioning have been performed in laboratory or greenhouse settings. We predicted that increased soil heavy metal concentrations reduce photosynthesis and biomass production in trees growing in metal contaminated soil in a naturally re-vegetated urban brownfield. Leaf gas exchange, leaf carbon and nitrogen concentration, and tree biomass were recorded and compared for Populus deltoides and Populus tremuloides growing in an urban brownfield. The CO2 compensation point (CCP) differed significantly between soil metal concentrations and species, with P. deltoides displaying a greater CCP and P. tremuloides displaying a lower CCP as soil metal concentration increased, despite no changes in dark respiration for either species. In terms of biomass, only total branch weight (TBW) and leaf area (LA) differed significantly between soil metal concentrations, though the difference was largely attributable to variation in diameter at breast height (DBH). Furthermore, TBW and LA values for P. deltoides did not decrease with increasing soil metal concentration. Soil metal concentration, thus, had minimal effect on the relationship between tree age and DBH, and no effect on relationships of tree age and height or LA, respectively. Significant differences between soil metal concentrations and species were found for δ15N (isotopic nitrogen ratio) while leaf nitrogen content (% N) also differed significantly between species. Long-term water use efficiency derived from carbon isotope analysis (iWUEisotope) differed significantly between trees grown on different soil metal concentrations and a significant species-metal concentration interaction was detected indicating that the two study species responded differentially to the soil metal concentrations. Specifically, P. tremuloides enhanced while P. deltoides reduced long-term iWUEisotope as soil metal concentration increased, further emphasizing the importance of species and possible genotype selection for phytoremediation.
A super hydrophilic silsesquioxane-based composite for highly selective adsorption of glycoproteins

The authors have prepared a super-hydrophilic polymer consisting of a poly-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-formaldehyde (PPF) composite. The polymerization process does not require a catalyst and results in a material with excellent hydrophilic properties and abundant functional groups. The PFF composite, even if not chemically modified, can selectively bind glycoproteins due to strong hydrophilic interactions. It is shown that glycoproteins can be selectively captured by the composite that has a binding capacity as large as 542 mg g−1 for the model protein ovalbumin. The PPF was applied to the selective capture and isolation of ovalbumin from complex biological samples.
Goals and Functions of the Department of Behavioral Science in the University of Kentucky College of Medicine

The Department of Behavioral Science at the University of Kentucky was formally established in 1959 as a basic science department in the College of Medicine — part of a new University Medical Center, planning for which began in 1956.
On saliency enhancement of salient pole wound field synchronous machines

Salient pole wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) share similar torque characteristics as permanent magnet (PM) machines, but are free of permanent magnet material since a wound rotor winding instead generates the required field flux. In addition to cost advantages, the rotor field flux is readily varied making these machines attractive for traction and generator applications. This paper introduces flux barrier structure on rotor design to improve the saliency and thus the torque production of a conventional synchronous machine. Analysis are done using both dq-equivalent circuit model and finite element (FE) calculations. Flux barrier width is carefully tuned in FE analysis. Comparison is made to a conventional salient pole structure whereby a steady state torque improvement is achieved at rated to high stator current, and total loss is reduced in field weakening region.
College of American Pathologists Consensus Conference XXXVI: Diagnostic Issues in Thrombophilia

Abstract Objectives.—To review the state of the art relating to laboratory testing for thrombophilia, as reflected by the medical literature and the consensus opinion of recognized experts in the field, and to make recommendations regarding laboratory testing (whom to test, when to test, what tests to perform, rationale for testing, and other issues) in the assessment of thrombotic risk in individual patients and their family members. Data Sources.—Review of the medical literature (primarily from the last 10 years) and the experience and opinions of experts in the field were used as data sources. Data Extraction and Synthesis.—Participating authors evaluated the medical literature and prepared manuscripts with specific proposed recommendations. Drafts of all of the manuscripts were prepared and circulated to every participant in the College of American Pathologists Conference XXXVI: Diagnostic Issues in Thrombophilia prior to the conference. Each of the conclusions and associated recommendations was then ...
A culturally adapted family intervention for rural Pacific Island veterans with PTSD.

The Veterans Affairs mission to provide equitable, accessible, and patient-centered care necessitates that culturally appropriate interventions are available when cultural differences may jeopardize engagement in care. However, within the VA, wounded warriors residing in rural areas in the Pacific Islands have been offered interventions that were developed and tested using largely urban mainland populations. The objectives of this article were to (a) document the cultural adaptation of a cognitive-behavioral clinical intervention for use by rural Pacific Island veterans, and (b) report feasibility data for the intervention. The 5-stage Map of the Adaptation Process (assessment, selection, preparation, piloting, and refinement) was used to structure the work. The resultant intervention, called "Koa," is a multisession family psychoeducational program that integrates selected Pacific Islander values, beliefs, and healing traditions with an empirically based mainstream U.S. Intervention To pilot Koa, rural Pacific Island dyads (28 veterans and 28 family members) participated via video teleconference and completed pre- and post- intervention measures. Outcome data indicated that participants perceived the intervention to be highly acceptable, useful, and relevant. Relationship quality scores substantially improved postintervention as measured by the Dyadic Relationship Scale (95% CI [-10.97, -1.84], t(22) = -2.9, p = .008, d = -0.53 for veterans; 95% CI [-11.06, -2.47], t(21) = -3.28, p = .004, d = -0.68 for family members). Family caregiving burden also improved significantly. The positive results of this investigation support the development of culturally adapted mental health interventions for culturally distinct subgroups of veterans and their families. (PsycINFO Database Record
Lamennais’ Dilemma: Reconciling Religion and Revolution

Kselman traces the career of Felicite de Lamennais (1782–1854) as a key figure who articulated the challenges faced by the Catholic Church in the age of democratic revolution. Struck by the demands for self-government by Catholics in Ireland, Belgium, and Poland, Lamennais envisioned an alliance of “God and Liberty” in which the Church would abandon its support of monarchy in favor of democratic regimes that would accept the separation of the Church and State. When this position was condemned by Pope Gregory XVI, Lamennais expanded his view of liberty to include the right of individual conscience to reject papal teachings. Lamennais’ struggle to reconcile Catholicism and freedom of religion made him a controversial figure in his own time, and established a contested legacy over an issue that continues to resonate in the modern world.
Perceptions of Sunk Cost and Habitual IS Use

As technology use becomes more ubiquitous, systems that are able to bypass users’ intentional behaviors through the creation of automatized, or habitual behaviors, are tapping into a potentially powerful aspect of the human psyche. This study contributes to both sunk cost theory and technology continuance research by examining the relationship between the drivers of habit and habitual IS use, and how perceptions of sunk costs play a mediating role in this relationship. Through the conceptual development of an habitual IS use model, the technology-enabled features which contribute to stickiness and encourage the formation of habitual IS use behaviors are explored. This research in progress contributes to the IS usage literature by focusing on automatic use that is non-work related.
Periodontal profile class is associated with prevalent diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and systemic markers of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6.

BACKGROUND This paper focuses on the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) System that may be more informative and representative of periodontitis phenotypes than current case definitions of periodontitis. This study illustrates the unique aspects of the PPC compared with other periodontal indices for studying associations between periodontal disease and prevalent systemic conditions. METHODS We computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to compare associations between periodontal disease and prevalent systemic conditions using our new PPC and two traditional indices. We used the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to determine the fit of the model and the magnitude of the contribution attributable to periodontal disease beyond traditional risk factors. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1996-1998) results were compared with results from the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014 datasets. RESULTS In the ARIC Study, high gingival inflammation, tooth loss, severe tooth loss, and severe disease PPC components were significantly associated with diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin (IL)-6, while only severe disease was associated with stroke. Severe disease was associated with CHD using the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology index, and the European Periodontal index was associated with CHD and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS The addition of the PPC to traditional variables associated with prevalent diabetes, stroke, CHD, and systemic measures of inflammation resulted in very strong improvement of the overall models, while the traditional indices were less likely to be associated and, if present, the associations were weaker. The PPC system provides specific insight into the individuals and periodontal characteristics of the phenotype that are associated with systemic conditions that may be useful in designing treatment interventions.
Fractal Behavior of Tethered Networks

Tethered networks are large macromolecules with regular (D-dimensional) connectivity, embedded in a d-dimensional space. Such networks may exhibit a variety of non-trivial fractal behaviors. A “Landau-Ginzburg” field theory is proposed to describe statistical mechanics of such structures. Effective elasticity and rigidity terms emerge naturally as a consequence of connectivity, while longer-range interactions are also included. A combined Mean-Field/Flory treatment reveals crumpled, rigid, and compact phases. Fluctuations (as explored by various renormalization-group schemes) play a crucial role in determining the fractal exponents in each of these phases, as well as at the phase transitions.
Inhibition of plasmid DNA replication by rifampin in Salmonella pullorum

Abstract The bacterium, Salmonella pullorum , contains about 200 cytoplasmic circular DNA duplex molecules of average molecular weight (1.47 ± 0.12) × 106 daltons. Their functions are unknown. Chloramphenicol (150 μg/ml) addition to log phase cultures reduces the linear rate of plasmid synthesis four-fold. The extent of plasmid replication in the presence of chloramphenicol is sufficient to allow only one doubling of the plasmid population in six hours. Rifampin (1 μg/ml) an inhibitor of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibits plasmid synthesis in the presence but not the absence of chloramphenicol. Bacteria with a rifampin-resistant RNA polymerase replicate plasmid in the combined presence of both antibiotics.
GENETIC MECHANISMS OF ANTIBODY DIVERSITY IN BALB/c KAPPA VARIABLE REGIONS

ABSTRACT Amino acid sequences of 14 BALB/c Vκ-21 kappa variable regions (Vκ) are compared in order to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of antibody diversity. These Vκ sequences can be designated into at least six distinct subgroups which are each thought to be encoded by different germ line genes. Data is presented which suggests that Vκ genes can independently assort with different Joining segment (Jκ) genes during differentiation to produce complete kappa variable regions. Although antibody diversity is probably generated by both somatic mutation and by association of different Vκ and Jκ segments, evidence is presented which suggests that the majority of the functional Vκ diversity is encoded within the germ line.
Interpreting the Bill of Rights: Alternative Conceptions of Rights

The Bill of Rights constitutes an immensely valuable part of our constitutional law. Presumably, this is why we have celebrated its two hundredth anniversary. But what is constitutional law, really? Let us begin by recalling two diametrically opposed views.
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System and Cardiac Extracellular Matrix

Macrophage and myofibroblast renin and ACE (recruitable) respectively regulate local concentrations of AngI and AngII involved in tissue repair. De novo generation of AngII modulates expression of TGF-β1 whose autocrine/paracrine properties regulate collagen turnover in heart valve leaflets, an exteriorized portion of the normal extracellular matrix, and at sites of fibrous tissue formation that appear in response to various forms of injury involving diverse tissues. Persistent myofibroblasts and their RAS activity at the infarct site contribute to the progressive fibrosis found at and remote to sites of MI. Activation of the circulating RAAS with sustained elevations in plasma AngII and aldosterone further induce the recruitable form of ACE bound to macrophages and myofibroblasts. Locally produced AngII from this source promotes perivascular fibrosis of intramural vessels of noninfarcted myocardium. At these remote sites, such adverse structural remodeling by fibrous tissue eventuates in ischemic cardiomyopathy, a major etiologic factor involved in the appearance of chronic cardiac failure and which contributes to its progressive nature.
Carve-Out Earnings Quality in Corporate Spinoffs

This study examines earnings quality in carve-out financial statements prepared in spinoffs. Using accruals, I provide evidence that carve-out earnings in spinoffs are of low quality relative to the earnings of control groups. Next, I find higher quality carve-out accruals among spinoffs of segments and cross-industry spinoffs, consistent with managers using the lack of transparency involved in carve-out financial reporting to opportunistically assign lower quality accruals to newly spun-off entities. I also find that the relations between carve-out earnings quality and its determinants are moderated by investor sophistication and internal monitoring, consistent with the unique, competing reporting incentives in spinoffs. Additional results indicate that the predictive ability of carve-out earnings for post-spinoff cash flows is decreasing in the magnitude of accruals, suggesting that reduced decision usefulness is a consequence of low carve-out earnings quality. Finally, I find that the disclosure of income-decreasing carve-out accruals is associated with negative abnormal stock returns, which suggests that investors detect and price the signals that carve-out accruals provide about firm value. Overall, my results shed light on the unique financial reporting incentives in spinoffs, and the determinants and consequences of carve-out earnings quality.
Liver Bioengineering: Promise, Pitfalls, and Hurdles to Overcome

In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in liver bioengineering and cell therapy and future advancements to improve the field towards clinical applications. 3D printing, hydrogel-based tissue fabrication, and the use of native decellularized liver extracellular matrix as a scaffold are used to develop whole or partial liver substitutes. The current focus is on developing a functional liver graft through achieving a non-leaky endothelium and a fully constructed bile duct. Use of cell therapy as a treatment is less invasive and less costly compared to transplantation, however, lack of readily available cell sources with low or no immunogenicity and contradicting outcomes of clinical trials are yet to be overcome. Liver bioengineering is advancing rapidly through the development of in vitro and in vivo tissue and organ models. Although there are major challenges to overcome, through optimization of the current methods and successful integration of induced pluripotent stem cells, the development of readily available, patient-specific liver substitutes can be achieved.
Facilitation in an Intergenerational Making Activity: How Facilitative Moves Shift Across Traditional and Digital Fabrication

Intergenerational making activities provide an opportunity for family collaboration where parents and children learn together. We discuss the facilitative moves that emerged between researchers, parents, and children during a half-day making program where participants played and created games. Four families with a variety of knowledge of digital fabrication technologies participated in three activities: playing a variety of games, designing and making their own games using arts and crafts materials, and optionally utilizing digital fabrication tools to complete their games. We position traditional fabrication and digital fabrication as two different modalities of making. Accordingly, we examine the facilitative moves and behavioral shifts that emerge across the two modalities and as observed through qualitative analysis. This work contributes insights to the field on program structure and the ways formal facilitators and parents can sustain child engagement in a making workshop.