cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An improved method for interpretation of riverine concentration-discharge relationships indicates long-term shifts in reservoir sediment trapping

Derived from river monitoring data, concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships are powerful indicators of export dynamics. Proper interpretation of such relationships can be made complex, however, if the ln(C) ~ ln(Q) relationships are nonlinear or if the relationships change over time, season, or discharge. Methods of addressing these issues by “binning” data can introduce artifacts that obscure underlying interactions among time, discharge, and season. Here we illustrate these issues and propose an alternative method that uses the regression coefficients of the recently-developed WRTDS (“Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season”) model for examining C-Q relationships in long-term, discretely-sampled data for various water-quality constituents, including their uncertainties. The method is applied to sediment concentration data from Susquehanna River at Conowingo Dam, Maryland to illustrate how the coefficients can be accessed and presented in ways that provide additional insights toward the interpretation of river water-quality data, which reaffirms the recently-documented decadal-scale decline in reservoir trapping performance.
Outcomes for Patients Who Fail High Dose Chemoradiotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Rescue for Relapsed and Primary Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Background: Limited data exists regarding the outcome for patients (pts) with relapsed and primary refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) who fail high dose chemoradiotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR). The aim of this study is to determine survival time and evaluate the role of second transplantation in pts who have HL-related ASCR failure. Results: At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, from 1995–2005, two hundred and twelve pts with relapsed or primary refractory HL underwent HDT/ASCR after responding to ICE-based salvage chemotherapy on one of four consecutive clinical trials. Eighty-one patients failed HDT, including 10 treatment related mortality (4 deaths within 100 days from ASCR, 5 deaths due to secondary malignancies, and 1 death, 10 years after ASCR due to cardiomyopathy); leaving 71 (33%) pts with biopsy-confirmed progression; median time to progression was 5.7 months. There was 43 males (60%), median age at the time of ASCR was 29 (range 17–65). At a median follow-up of 2 years for surviving patients, the median overall survival from ASCR failure was 25 months. Only seventeen of the 71 pts are currently alive (24%), nine (12.6%) of whom are in remission. Remission duration from ASCR of 3 months; median OS are 13.5 and 27.3 months respectively (p=0.02). Treatment regimens following ASCR failure varied and included gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, MOPP, investigational therapies, radiotherapy and second transplantation. The impact of the various treatment regimens on OS following HL-related ASCR failure was difficult to assess due to the heterogeneity of regimens administered. Treatment with a second transplant had a favorable impact on OS, however only two of 17 pts with remission duration < 3 months were able to receive a second transplant because of rapid disease progression. Twenty-three patients underwent a second transplant of which seven are failure free (1/4 autologous, 6/19 allogeneic). The median OS was 40 months for patients transplanted vs. 19.3 months (p=0.05) for patients ineligible for a second transplant. Conclusion: Patients who fail HDT/ASCR due to HL progression have a median OS of two years. Relapse within 3 months of ASCR is associated with a poor OS and investigational or novel therapy should be explored in this cohort of pts. An allogeneic transplant following HL-related ASCR failure is associated with a 30% chance of long term survival and should be strongly considered in pts whose remission duration from their initial ASCR is >3 months.
Clumped isotope thermometry of calcite and dolomite in a contact metamorphic environment

Clumped isotope compositions of slowly-cooled calcite and dolomite marbles record apparent equilibrium temperatures of roughly 150-200 °C and 300-350 °C, respectively. Because clumped isotope compositions are sensitive to the details of T-t path within these intervals, measurements of the Δ_(47) values of coexisting calcite and dolomite can place new constraints on thermal history of low-grade metamorphic rocks over a large portion of the upper crust (from ∼5 to ∼15 km depth). We studied the clumped isotope geochemistry of coexisting calcite and dolomite in marbles from the Notch Peak contact metamorphic aureole, Utah. Here, flat-lying limestones were intruded by a pluton, producing a regular, zoned metamorphic aureole. Calcite Δ_(47) temperatures are uniform, 156 ± 12 ˚C (2σ s.e.), across rocks varying from high-grade marbles that exceeded 500 °C to nominally unmetamorphosed limestones >5 km from the intrusion. This result appears to require that the temperature far from the pluton was close to this value; an ambient temperature just 20 ˚C lower would not have permitted substantial re-equilibration, and should have preserved depositional or early diagenetic Δ_(47) values several km from the pluton. Combining this result with depth constraints from overlying strata suggests the country rock here had an average regional geotherm of 22.3–27.4 ˚C/km from the late Jurassic Period until at least the middle Paleogene Period. Dolomite Δ_(47) in all samples above the talc+tremolite-in isograd record apparent equilibrium temperatures of 328^(+13)_(-12) °C (1σ s.e.), consistent with the apparent equilibrium blocking temperature we expect for cooling from peak metamorphic conditions. At greater distances, dolomite Δ_(47) records temperatures of peak (anchi)metamorphism or pre-metamorphic diagenetic conditions. The interface between these domains is the location of the 330 ˚C isotherm associated with intrusion. Multiple-phase clumped isotope measurements are complemented by bulk δ^(13)C and δ^(18)O dolomite-calcite thermometry. These isotopic exchange thermometers are largely consistent with peak temperatures in all samples within 4 km of the contact, indicating that metamorphic recrystallization can occur even in samples too low-grade to produce growth of conventional metamorphic index minerals (i.e., talc and tremolite). Altogether, this work demonstrates the potential of these methods to quantify the conditions of metamorphism at sub-greenschist facies.
Double Jeopardy: The Rubber Ball Bounces Twice

Soblet et al. describe cis mutations in TEK/Tie-2 in blue rubber bleb nevus and sporadic vascular malformations. This suggests that the remaining normal allele is required for the phenotype. Second, it suggests therapeutic approaches to treatment signal transduction inhibition.
Calculations of One- and Two-Photon Absorption Spectra for Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Clusters with Electron-Acceptor Ligands

We present calculated one- and two-photon absorption (OPA, TPA) spectra for molecular neutral, cation, and anion cadmium chalcogenide nonstoichiometric clusters [CdnE′m′(ER)m, E = S and Se, R = hydrogen, methyl, phenyl, para-nitrophenyl, para-cyanophenyl], ranging from less than 1 nm to more than 2 nm in size with well-defined structures. A systematic treatment of the clusters is carried out to assess the effects of size and ligand on their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Ligands and cluster size were found to have a large influence on the color and intensity of the electronic absorption spectra. TPA cross sections were found to increase linearly with cluster size. Electron-accepting ligands were also found to induce linear enhancement in TPA cross sections. Blue shifts of TPA maxima were observed for the first band with reduced molecular size. The effects of phenyl, para-nitrophenyl, and para-cyanophenyl substitutions, as well as changes in the chalcogenide atom, have been analyzed in detail.
Review: Architecture of Appropriation

Architecture of Appropriation Het Nieuwe Instituut, Rotterdam 27 January–25 June 2017 In the 1960s, the unsanctioned occupation of empty houses, commercial properties, and industrial sites in European and American cities accompanied the rise of new, urban-centered social movements seeking to reclaim the city from corporate interests. By the 1970s, the act of squatting, or appropriating vacant buildings and terrains, became increasingly militant; it left an indelible impression on the urban landscape. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the Netherlands, where squatting played an important role not only in fomenting social protest but also in creating alternative infrastructures and a sense of common urban life. While squatters have historically been fierce advocates of the right to affordable housing and resistant to speculative real estate development, their interventions in the built environment have also precipitated the gentrification of inner-city industrial areas and even the “share economy” capitalism of Airbnb and flexwork. Rather than an installation of mute objects, the exhibition Architecture of Appropriation suggested some of the squatting movement's dual legacy in the Netherlands and transformed the galleries of Het Nieuwe Instituut into a hub for ongoing research and activism. The exhibition had four major components: an installation by the firm Zones Urbaines Sensibles (ZUS) on the exterior of the building; archival material and architectural analyses of case studies and squatting practices, housed in the institute's third-floor gallery; “pop-in” installations that dropped into the larger exhibition at different moments; and a series of public conversations, lectures, and workshops that were recorded and distributed as podcasts. The layout and graphic design of the exhibition (by ZUS and Jakub Straka, respectively) self-consciously deployed strategies of appropriation, reusing materials from previous exhibitions and the graphic identity of the institute. The clearest indication of the organizers’ interest in squatting's subversive character was the installation by …
The Doctrine of Equivalent Information

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the doctrine of equivalent information. Properties of objects like shape and texture and properties of events like movement and duration can make themselves known through several sensory channels. Primary qualities are those characteristics or properties of things, like their size and shape, that are wholly inseparable from them and that are perceived to be inseparable. According to Locke, percepts of primary qualities resemble the physical qualities. To the extent that the common sensible—or primary qualities, Schemata, Categories are attributes of objects, they play a central role in the Doctrine of Equivalent Information. The notion of common sensible can be cast in a more modern and experimental mold. That vision, hearing, and touch fail to display complete equivalence in psychophysical tasks on the perception of number reflects the fact that there are real and significant differences among them in sensory functioning, however, it does not necessarily mean that different senses fail to provide equivalent information about objects or events in the environment.
Non-Ideal Current-Voltage Characteristics

Characteristics corrected for a resistive network which deviate from the ideal diode behavior, provide information about the space charge distribution within the junction region. From cells with substantial junction recombination the majority carrier trap distribution can be obtained from slope and bias of the characteristic near the maximum power point. A kinetic method is developed to analyze carrier redistribution within the junction. Such information may be used to improve cell performance by increased fill-factor and stability.
Lessons from Human Vision

In this concluding chapter, it will be useful to compare some of the image analysis capabilities that have been described to the performance of the human visual system. Several times throughout this text, reference has been made to the methods that appear (based on physiological tests) to be used by humans in dealing with visual information (and indeed other animals - see for example Lettvin et al., 1959; Hubel & Wiesel, 1962). These insights have provided valuable guidelines to methods that are robust, fail gracefully in difficult situations, are usually extremely economical in their computational needs, and above all, work. Examples include stereo pair fusion, feature recognition and identification, correction for shadowing effects, and the location of feature edges even when they are incomplete or obscured in noise.
Evaluation and implementation of methods for quantifying organic and inorganic components of biochar alkalinity

The Boehm titration, originally developed to characterize carbon blacks and activated carbons, has earned growing attention as a method for characterization of acid and base properties of biochar (Boehm, 1994; Goertzen et al., 2010). The method is based on the principle that strong acids and bases will react with all bases and acids, respectively, whereas the conjugate bases of weak acids will accept protons only from stronger acids (i.e. acids with lower pKa values). However, properties that distinguish biochar from carbon black and activated carbon, including greater carbon solubility and higher ash content, may violate integral assumptions of the Boehm titration. Three key assumptions are: (1) carbonates (as carbonate and bicarbonate) originating from atmospheric CO2 are not present during titration, (2) solid-phase reactive compounds, including oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and other conjugate bases of weak inorganic acids such as orthophosphate and sulfate have been removed prior to equilibration with Boehm reactants, and (3) the Boehm reactants do not dissolve significant amounts of organic molecules that contain reactive functional groups. Here we use three biochars to evaluate three modified Boehm titration methods for removing carbonates and dissolved organic compounds (DOC) from Boehm extracts. Our results indicate that the original Boehm titration method for measurement of functional groups with pKa values > 10.3 is not reliable when used with biochars containing significant levels of ash or soluble organic compounds. None of the modified Bohem titration methods developed and
Effect of benzopyranoperidine, a Δ‐9‐THC congener, on pain

In a double-blind, 5-way crossover designed study, single doses of placebo, 2 doses of codeine sulfate (60 and 120 mg), and 2 doses of benzopyranoperidine (2 and 4 mg) were administered orally to 35 patients who required analgesics for chronic pain due to malignancies. Benzopyranopyridine is an analogue of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and was chosen on the basis of its sedative, hypnotic, and analgesic properties in animals. Pain relief scores indicated a degree of relief of clinical significance with 120 mg of codeine but no consistent difference between placebo and any other active agent. On the basis of the data, bezopyranoperidine (2 or 4 mg) is not as effective as codeine (120 mg or 60 mg) and not more effective than placebo in relieving pain due to cancer; indeed, pain perception appeared to be augmented by both doses.
HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on a new class of antiretroviral agents called “integrase (IN) strand transfer inhibitors” that exert their pharmacological effect by preventing the incorporation of viral DNA into host chromatin. The evolution of HIV-1IN strand transfer inhibitors has been one of the most significant advances in the field of HIV/AIDS chemotherapy over the past decade. The chapter presents a brief synopsis on the biological role of DNA integration during the retroviral viral life cycle with a focus on the bond-making and -breaking biochemical steps and discusses the reasons that make these amenable to inhibition. It also presents the basis for a two-metal chelation pharmacophore and the key design aspects used to discover several first generation clinical candidates, including raltegravir and elvitegravir. The emergence of IN resistance has already begun and the need for convenient dosing regimens and tolerable next generation inhibitors cannot be overstated. It appears that the field is again poised to raise the bar to a new level with exciting data for investigational drugs such as S/GSK1349572 and possibly others yet to come. The progress and supporting data for several compounds that have been designated as the next generation IN strand transfer inhibitors, including MK-2048, MK-0536, and S/GSK1349572, is also discussed in the chapter.
Acute Ischemic Priapism Management: An Educational and Simulation Curriculum.

Introduction Ischemic priapism is a urologic emergency managed by both urologic and nonurologic providers in the community. Given ischemic priapism's rare occurrence and the time-sensitive nature o...
Global Middle Classes

Dayton-Johnson introduces economic definitions of the middle class appropriate to low- and middle-income countries based on income levels and occupational status. He assesses the link between middle-class growth and economic performance, particularly in developing countries. Different measures of the middle class help explain different dimensions of this link: a larger middle class can boost growth via consumption growth; a growing middle class can also fuel investment via reduced economic inequality; and middle-class politics, moreover, have complicated economic consequences. The middle class, however measured, has grown considerably in recent decades, particularly in Asia; but many such households remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty.
Audit Process, Private Information, and Insider Trading

While the shareholder benefits of audits are well documented, evidence on whether audits can facilitate opportunistic behavior by corporate insiders is scarce. In this paper, we examine whether the audit process facilitates one particular form of opportunism: informed trading by corporate insiders. We focus our analysis on insider trading around the audit report date. We find an increase in trading around the audit report date and that the increase is abnormally large for firms that subsequently report modified opinions. The abnormal increase in trading is concentrated among officers and non-audit committee independent directors, and most pronounced in first-time modified opinions and modified opinions in years where financial results are subsequently restated. These trades are highly opportunistic: they predict restatements, and as a consequence, we show they avoid significant losses. Collectively, our findings provide novel evidence that insiders appear to exploit private information about the audit process––a process ostensibly designed to protect shareholders––for opportunistic gain.
Distributed Algorithms for Solving Locally Coupled Optimization Problems on Agent Networks

In this paper, we study the optimization problems for a group of agents whose individual objective functions and constraints may depend on the variables of neighboring agents. Several algorithms are proposed based on operator splitting techniques that can iteratively converge to an optimal primal (or dual) solution of the optimization problems. Then, via random coordinate updates, asynchronous implementations of the algorithms are developed with low computation and communication complexity and guaranteed almost sure convergence to an optimal solution. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the proposed algorithms.
High-definition blood flow imaging in the assessment of left ventricular function: Initial experience and comparison with contrast echocardiography

OBJECTIVES The study aimed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the high-definition blood flow imaging (HD-Flow) in evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function by comparison with contrast echocardiography (Contrast). BACKGROUND Contrast improves endocardial border visualization and assists in precise assessment of LV function. HD-Flow, a novel ultrasound technique that enhances blood flow discrimination in LV, could possibly be used for improving endocardial border definition without contrast. METHODS Eighty patients with technically limited transthoracic echocardiograms had HD-Flow, and contrast performed sequentially. LV endocardial visualization, image acquisition time, wall motion, volumes, ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and stroke volume index (SVI) were compared. Inter- and intra-observer agreements were examined in a randomly selected subgroup. RESULTS Both HD-Flow and contrast significantly improved the percentage of the well-defined endocardial border segments (71% at baseline vs 94.1% by HD-Flow vs 94.9% by contrast, X2 = 401, P < 0.001). The acquisition time for HD-Flow was significantly less when compared to contrast (2.13 ± 1.18 minutes vs 10.96 ± 3.51 minutes, P < 0.001). LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), EF, SV, and SVI measured by the two methods correlated well (EDVr = 0.97, ESVr = 0.96, EFr = 0.90, SVr = 0.77, SVIr = 0.74, all P < 0.001). In comparison, HD-Flow was neither significantly different in detecting LV wall motion abnormality nor in EF, SV, and SVI measurements, but slightly underestimated LV volumes. CONCLUSIONS HD-Flow imaging is feasible and user-friendly in enhancing LV endocardial definition. This technique is useful in both qualitative and quantitative assessment of LV function.
Generative Adversarial Privacy: A Data-Driven Approach to Information-Theoretic Privacy

We present a data-driven framework called generative adversarial privacy (GAP). Inspired by recent advancements in generative adversarial networks (GANs), GAP allows the data holder to learn the privatization mechanism directly from the data. Under GAP, finding the optimal privacy mechanism is formulated as a constrained minimax game between a privatizer and an adversary. We show that for appropriately chosen adversarial loss functions, GAP provides privacy guarantees against strong information-theoretic adversaries. We also evaluate GAP’s performance on the GENKI face database.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxygen Exchange Reactions and Their Implications for Energy Coupling

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses remarkable advances in both the practical and the theoretical aspects of 18O enzyme-catalyzed exchange reactions that have led to a considerable increase in the knowledge of pyrophosphate bond chemistry in energy-transducing systems. These advances in mass spectral and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques represent for the phosphorylation component of oxidative phosphorylation what the introduction of powerful spectrometric techniques represented for the respiratory component. The relative ease with which 18O methodology is used to distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous fluxes is in itself an impressive testimonial to the inherent power of the methodology. It is expected that these approaches will continue to be used to refine an understanding of the heterogeneous nature of the more complex myosin ATPase systems, to provide information on the catalytic site interactions present in mitochondrial and chloroplast systems and information on the order of product release. Thus, the scope for future 18O investigations in energy linked processes appears to be quite broad
Microspectrophotometric Studies of Individual Erythrocytes from Thalassemia Patients. I. A Case of Double Heterozygosity for β-Thalassemia and Panglobinopenia?

Microspectrophotometric hemoglobin determinations on individual red cells from the peripheral circulation of a patient clinically characterized as a case of thalassemia major show the presence of two main cell populations, one normochromic and one hypochromic, with a ratio of total hemoglobin per cell of 2 to 1, a subnormal β-chain production in all cells, at mean levels that are in a ratio of 4 to 1 in the two cell populations, and a strongly stimulated γ-chain production in both cell populations with no bimodality of distribution. The mean cellular content of δ-chain is augmented. The ratios of 2 to 1 for total hemoglobin production is explained on the basis of the hypothesis that the case is one of heterozygosity for a β-thalassemia gene and a panglobinopenia gene with a mosaic condition realized at least in the case of the panglobinopenia gene. "Panglobinopenia" is described as a condition leading to a general inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis, perhaps through an inhibition of heme synthesis. To account for the observed cellular mosaic, it is proposed that panglobinopenia and perhaps thalassemia are examples of the well known phenomenon of variegation. This interpretation is now to be tested by applying the same methods to the study of further cases of thalassemia patients.
EyeVEIL: degrading iris authentication in eye tracking headsets

Mixed reality headsets are being designed with integrated eye trackers: cameras that image the user's eye to infer gaze location and pupil diameter. While the intent is to improve the quality of experience, built-in eye trackers create a security vulnerability for hackers - high resolution images of the user's iris. Anyone stealing an iris image has effectively captured a gold standard biometric, relied on for secure authentication in applications such as banking and voting. We present a low cost solution to degrade iris authentication while still permitting the utility of gaze tracking with acceptable accuracy. By demonstrating this solution on a commodity eye tracker, this paper urges the community to think about iris based authentication as a byproduct of eye tracking, and create solutions that empower a user to control this biometric.
Zeros of 2 × 2 Matrix Polynomials

Consider the nth degree polynomial equation, X n + A n−1 X n−1 + … +A 1 X + A 0 = 0 over the ring of 2 × 2 complex matrices. If this equation has more than solutions, then it has infinitely many s...
Anatomy of the lateral circumflex femoral artery: Does the direct anterior approach to the hip jeopardize vascularization of the proximal femur?

Abstract Background Blood supply of the proximal metaphysis of the femur comes mainly from the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). Essentially, the anterior approach has gained popularity in hip surgery but routinely requires the ligation of the ascending branch of the LCFA. Until now, there is no study analysing the effect of previous hip surgery on the vascularization of the proximal femur. Notably, it might, however, have consequences on osteointegration of uncemented prosthesis as well as in the management of early complications. Therefore we conducted a retrospective study to address the following questions: (1) Is the blood supply of the trochanteric region impaired by previous hip surgery, (2) does the anterior approach alter it more than other ones? Hypothesis We hypothesised that the surgical approach to the hip influences blood supply of the proximal femur, as visualised by retrospective analysis of femoral digital subtraction arteriograms (FDSA). Patients and methods A retrospective review of 1280 FDSA, performed for vascular indications with a standard frame rate, between 07/2014 and 06/2016 in a single institution. Qualitatively sufficient FDSA were divided into 4 groups according to the history of previous hip surgery: hip replacement through an anterior approach (n = 10) or through a lateral approach (n = 31), cephalomedullary nailing for fractures of the proximal femur (n = 5), and a control group of 50 continuous patients without previous hip surgery. The number of frames was counted between contrast injection into the femoral bifurcation and filling of the ipsilateral vessels of the greater trochanter to measure a potential delay/impairment of its arterial perfusion. Anatomic variations of the LCFA were also recorded. Results The number of frames between contrast injection and visualisation of the blood supply of the greater trochanter was 3.6 ± 0.9 (mean ± SD) in the control group (p Discussion Arterial perfusion of the greater trochanter is impaired after hip surgery, particularly after an anterior approach. The clinical relevance of these findings still needs to be investigated. It might, however, explain some early aseptic failures of uncemented stems. Moreover, it should be considered in early revision surgery, because combining different approaches might critically impair femoral blood supply. Level of evidence III, retrospective case control study.
Generation of Initial Data for General-Relativistic Simulations of Charged Black Holes

Einstein–Maxwell theory is a description of electromagnetism and gravity from first principles that has yielded several interesting results on black holes with electromagnetic fields. However, since astrophysically-relevant black holes are believed to have negligible electric charge, the theory has been mostly confined within the realm of theoretical investigation. In addition to this, this theory has been studied mostly with analytical tools, which is why the vast majority of available results are restricted to spacetimes endowed with some degree of symmetry (e.g., stationarity and axisymmetry). Consequently, dynamical solutions (where no symmetry is assumed), for which the numerical approach is the only feasible one, represent a largely unexplored territory.
Revising McPhail’s Feminist Policy Analysis Framework: Updates for Use in Contemporary Social Policy Research

In 2003, McPhail published a Feminist Policy Analysis Framework concluding that the many available methods of policy analysis across disciplines, including social work, treated policies as gender-neutral compositions. McPhail (2003) asserted that these methods denied the many ways that institutions and policies of society are organized by the concepts of gender, therefore presenting incomplete products of analysis. This guiding purpose for the development of McPhail’s (2003) Feminist Policy Analysis Framework endures a full fifteen years later. In the years since publication of McPhail’s Framework, advancements have been made in both feminist theory and in policy analysis methods. This conceptual article outlines a much-needed revision moving the framework into a contemporary position with the inclusion of a focus on privilege, oppression, and intersectionality. The revised framework presented herein is a more conceptually comprehensive and practical model for use by all, but particularly social work students and scholars. The revised model represents an update rendering it more effective in today’s polarized political climate as well as with the recently revised social work educational policy (Council on Social Work Education, 2015). A revised framework of Feminist Intersectional Policy Analysis is presented, including guiding questions and conceptual complexities to consider in the work of analysis.
Everyday discrimination and telomere length in a multiethnic cohort of breast cancer survivors.

Objectives: Racial/ethnic minority women have disproportionately lower breast cancer survival rates compared to white women. As minorities in the US are exposed to higher levels of discrimination, ...
[Epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of norovirus-GII.2, GII.17 and GII.4/Sydney in Guangdong province, 2013-2017].

Objective: To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of outbreaks, caused by norovirus-GⅡ.2、GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.4/Sydney in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2017 and to provide scientific evidence for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: Incidence data of norovirus outbreaks in Guangdong from January 1(st) 2013 to November 30(th) 2017 were collected from Public Health Emergency Management Information System. RT-PCR was performed for every case of each outbreak to detect norovirus nucleic acid and gene sequencing was conducted to identify the genotype of norovirus. Characteristics of norovirus GⅡ.2, GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.4/Sydney outbreaks were analyzed. Directly standardized method was used to calculate the proportion of symtoms as diarrhea and vomitting. Results: From January 1(st) 2013 to November 30(th) 2017, a total of 167 norovirus outbreaks were reported in Guangdong, and 115 outbreaks were caused by norovirus GⅡ.2, GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.4/Sydney respectively. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.2 accounted for 39.68% (25/63) in primary schools, 28.57% (18/63) in child care settings, 25.40% (16/63) in middle schools and 6.35% (4/63) in universities. Outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.17 accounted for 41.03% (16/39) in middle schools, 20.51% (8/39) at workplaces, 15.38% (6/39) in primary schools, 12.82% (5/39) in universities, 5.13% (2/39) in communities and child care settings respectively. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.4/Sydney accounted for 53.85% (7/13) in universities, 15.38% (2/13) in child care settings and at workplaces respectively, 7.69%(1/13) in primary schools and middle schools respectively. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.2 had 77.78% (49/63) of contact transmission, 17.46% (11/63) of food-borne transmission. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.17 showed 53.85% (21/39) of food-borne transmission, 15.38% (6/39) of contract transmission, 12.82% (5/39) of water-borne transmission. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.4/Sydney had 53.85% (7/13) of food-borne transmission, 38.46% (5/13) of the contact transmission. In terms of the clinical manifestations, the standardized proportion of vomit was 73.76% and the proportion of diarrhea was 42.85% in cases infected with norovirus GⅡ.2, the proportion of standardized of vomit was 76.37% and the proportion of diarrhea was 51.40% in cases infected with norovirus GⅡ.17, with the standardized proportion of vomit was 54.10% and the proportion of diarrhea was 55.95% in cases infected with norovirus GⅡ.4/Sydney. Conclusions: The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.2 through contact transmission mainly occurred in primary schools, child care settings and middle schools. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.17 through food-borne transmission mainly occurred in middle schools and at workplaces. The outbreaks caused by norovirus GⅡ.4/Sydney food-borne transmission and contact mainly occurred in universities.
Use of Light Therapy for Insomnia in the Elderly: Role of Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Here, we review the unique mechanisms that underlie insomnia in elderly patients and how it relates to circadian dysfunction in order to provide a practical approach to light therapy in this population. While the connection between aging and insomnia has long been recognized, postmortem and recent biomarker studies have advanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Most recently, studies utilizing PET tracers have supported an association of sleep disturbance with neurodegenerative changes prior to the onset of cognitive impairment. These changes may result in reduced circadian amplitude and other circadian disturbances. Recent studies added to a body of literature suggest that circadian dysfunction in elderly patients can be targeted with light therapy to improve sleep quality, timing, and duration. Circadian dysfunction plays an important role in the etiology of insomnia in the elderly. Even in the absence of cognitive decline, neurodegenerative changes in the brain are a common consequence of aging that may contribute to circadian dysfunction and insomnia generally. Light therapy may be a useful tool in addressing the underlying impact of aging on sleep and can be used in varying ways depending on the patient’s unique presentation.
The German Platoon of the Palmach: the first German-Jewish fighting unit in the Second World War and the unsung story of heroism

Among the fifty thousand Jewish refugees who escaped from the National Socialists in western and central Europe between 1933 and the beginning of World War II was a group of young and idealistic Ge...
Lipid Phenotypes and DNA Methylation: a Review of the Literature.

Epigenetic modifications via DNA methylation have previously been linked to blood lipid levels, dyslipidemias, and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to discuss current literature on the role of DNA methylation on lipid traits and their associated pathologies. Candidate gene and epigenome-wide approaches have identified differential methylation of genes associated with lipid traits (particularly CPT1A, ABCG1, SREBF1), and novel approaches are being implemented to further characterize these relationships. Moreover, studies on environmental factors have shown that methylation variations at lipid-related genes are associated with diet and pollution exposure. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the directionality of the associations between the environment, lipid traits, and epigenome. Future studies should also seek to increase the diversity of cohorts, as European and Asian ancestry populations are the predominant study populations in the current literature.
Comparison and lessons learned from neglected tropical diseases and tuberculosis

Currently, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent and accounts for over one-third of all HIV-related deaths. However, research and programmatic funding have lagged far behind investments for many other diseases. For about a century, the current Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine has been the only effective vaccine and is only effective in preventing severe disease in children; the first new therapeutic drug for TB in over 40 years was brought to market a few years ago; and until 10 years ago, diagnosis of TB depended on a century-old testing technique. This paper relates TB to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and highlights shared characteristics. The aim is to elevate awareness of TB within the framework of NTDs and gain insights from successes in addressing NTDs and how these lessons can be applied to help global health programs change the trajectory of the TB epidemic. A literature review was conducted to compare TB to NTDs and highlight lessons learned from NTD control that can be applied to the TB epidemic. Common features of NTDs include underlying burden of disease, influence and effect on poverty and development, and neglect through political will and funding. There are overarching principles for the design and implementation of NTD control programs that could be applied to ending TB.
Unclaimed Property and Due Process: Justifying 'Revenue-Raising' Modern Escheat

States have long claimed the right to take custody of presumably aban doned property and hold it for the benefit of the true owner under the doctrine of escheat. In the face of increasing fiscal challenges, states have worked to increase their collection of unclaimed property via new escheat legislation that appears to bear little or no relation to protecting the inter ests of owners. Holders of unclaimed property have raised substantive due process challenges in response to these modern escheat statutes. This Note contends that two categories of these disputed laws—those shortening dormancy periods and those allowing states to estimate a holder's un claimed property liability in the absence of creditor records—are logically consistent with the legitimate state interest in reuniting owners with their abandoned property and therefore do not violate due process.
The treatment of infantile hydrocephalus: "differential-pressure" or "flow-control" valves A pilot study

The choice of shunt valve in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children remains controversial. We embarked on a pilot study to determine the differences in outcome between differential-pressure and flow-regulating valves. Prospective data collected on 50 consecutive first-time shunt insertions, performed between June 1993 to June 1996, was analysed. Children with tumour- related hydrocephalus and Dandy-Walker malformations as well as children who had external ventricular drainage prior to definitive shunt insertion were excluded from the study. The defining event was the first complication necessitating surgery, including obstruction, over-drainage and infection. Of the 50 children (31 males), 23 had differential pressure (medium-pressure) and 27 had Delta (performance level 2) valves inserted. The mean age at shunt insertion was 26.4 months. The mean follow-up was 53.8 months. The overall cumulative shunt survival at 5 years was 58.6% for the differential pressure and 58.7% for the Delta valves. The mean shunt life was 37.1 months for the differential pressure group and 34.6 months for the Delta group. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.72, t-test). Both valves had a similar outcome with respect to obstruction (including proximal, valve, distal). The main differences between the two valves were with respect to the incidence of over-drainage and infection. Amongst the differential pressure valves, there were 4 instances of overdrainage (3 slit-ventricle syndrome, 1 bilateral subdural collection) – all occurring within the first 36 months. The Delta valve group had only one instance of over-drainage (bilateral subdural collection). There were no infections in the differential pressure valve group, whereas 3 of the Delta valve shunts got infected, all within the first month. Whereas both shunt types seemed to have a similar overall survival, there was a relatively higher incidence of over-drainage amongst the differential pressure valves. The Delta valves, on the other hand, had higher rates of infection. Similar studies with larger numbers could suggest whether the choice of shunt type will ultimately have to be a compromise accepting one or the other complication.
Development of the Zebrafish Enteric Nervous System

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is composed of neurons and glia that modulate many aspects of intestinal function. The ability to use both forward and reverse genetic approaches and to visualize development in living embryos and larvae has made zebrafish an attractive model in which to study mechanisms underlying ENS development. In this chapter, we review the recent work describing the development and organization of the zebrafish ENS and how this relates to intestinal motility. We also discuss the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms that have been revealed by these studies and how they are providing new insights into human ENS diseases.
Prisoner's Dilemma

The prisoner's dilemma is an analytical device designed to demonstrate difficulties inherent in voluntary human cooperation. Keywords: Prisoner's dilemma; game theory; communitarianism
Circuitry of self-control and its role in reducing addiction

We discuss the idea that addictions can be treated by changing the mechanisms involved in self-control with or without regard to intention. The core clinical symptoms of addiction include an enhanced incentive for drug taking (craving), impaired self-control (impulsivity and compulsivity), negative mood, and increased stress reactivity. Symptoms related to impaired self-control involve reduced activity in control networks including anterior cingulate (ACC), adjacent prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and striatum. Behavioral training such as mindfulness meditation can increase the function of control networks and may be a promising approach for the treatment of addiction, even among those without intention to quit.
Chemical Genetic Approach for Kinase-Substrate Mapping by Covalent Capture of Thiophosphopeptides and Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Mapping kinase-substrate interactions demands robust methods to rapidly and unequivocally identify substrates from complex protein mixtures. Toward this goal, we present a method in which a kinase, engineered to utilize synthetic ATPγS analogs, specifically thiophosphorylates its substrates in a complex lysate. The thiophosphate label provides a bio-orthogonal tag that can be used to affinity purify and identify labeled proteins. Following the labeling reaction, proteins are digested with trypsin; thiol-containing peptides are then covalently captured and non-thiol-containing peptides are washed from the resin. Oxidation-promoted hydrolysis, at sites of thiophosphorylation, releases phosphopeptides for analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. By incorporating two specificity gates-kinase engineering and peptide affinity purification-this method yields high-confidence substrate identifications. This method gives both the identity of the substrates and phosphorylation-site localization. With this information, investigators can analyze the biological significance of the phosphorylation mark immediately following confirmation of the kinase-substrate relationship. Here, we provide an optimized version of this technique to further enable widespread utilization of this technology. Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:15-36. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Educational Inclusivity

This purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation for inclusion in Canadian schools for this Special Issue on Inclusive Education . In response to the need for an interdisciplinary framework, this paper uses an interpretive literature review methodology to construct a framework for educational inclusivity based on four disciplinary perspectives: (a) special education and disability studies, (b) multiculturalism and anti-racist education, (c) gender and women’s education, and (b) queer studies. The constructed framework elucidates four conceptions of inclusivity––normative, integrative, dialogical, and transgressive––positioned on a continuum with each conception representing a different approach to inclusion. Unlike previous models, this framework is not anchored to any one marginalized group; rather, it is intended to represent multiple forms of inclusivity to edify historical, existing, and idealistic educational practices and structures for all forms of difference.
Shakespeare and Ecocriticism Reconsidered

Organized around a set of principles rather than a unified theoretical approach, ecocriticism considers the relationship between humans and nonhumans, especially as expressed in texts. Despite calls from some for ecocritics to rally around a unified theory, ecocritics have embraced the inclusivity that such broad definition has allowed. Thus, practitioners have come to ecocriticism with a range of interests. Such interests vary from an earlier focus on how the human/nonhuman relationship was fractured (and its recuperation in nature writing in particular) to a later emphasis on how it is always-already interconnected. Along the way, and especially in light of concerns about our current environmental crises, many ecocritics have cited a political dimension to the field, bringing concerns of the past and present together and examining intersections between such things as environmental degradation, misogyny, racism, homophobia, and speciesism. Early modern ecocriticism, especially in Shakespeare studies, has become a steadily growing field over the past decade. But early modern ecocritics' focus on the “nonhuman” tends to be more focused than that category might suggest, ranging from (nonhuman) animals, to plants, to minerals – challenging the distinction between animate and inanimate as well as asking us to rethink the integrity (let alone the exceptionalism) of the category of the human. This essay reviews the state of the field of Shakespeare and ecocriticism and offers a pathway for its future development, especially to suggest that it retains its political roots and focus on the implications of the material interactions between humans and nonhumans related to gender, race, and class.
Conventional versus Molecular Methods for the Detection of Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile remains a formidable nosocomial pathogen, and if current estimates are correct, it may be the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the United States ([7][1]). Advances in molecular methods and improved animal models have facilitated an understanding of how this organism