cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A compliance/stiffness matrix formulation of general Green's function and effective permittivity for piezoelectric multilayers

This paper presents an efficient and stable recursive compliance matrix method for analyzing wave propagation in multilayered piezoelectric media. The effective permittivity and generalized Green's functions for a layered system, a layered system on a substrate, and a layered system between two substrates have been obtained from the elements of the total or surface compliance/stiffness matrices, which are calculated recursively, layer by layer, from the layer compliance/stiffness matrices. The method is very closely related to the transfer matrix method and retains its simplicity and efficiency, but it is numerically stable for high thickness-to-wavelength ratio. Numerical examples for wave propagation in zinc oxide (ZnO)/Diamond/silicon(Si) structures are presented using the compliance matrix formulation for effective permittivity and Green's function.
Impaired relaxation of the carotid artery during activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in atherosclerotic monkeys.

This study examined the hypotheses that (1) atherosclerosis impairs relaxation of the carotid artery in response to activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels and (2) regression of atherosclerosis restores the response toward normal. Isometric tension was measured in rings of carotid artery taken from normal, atherosclerotic, and regression monkeys and precontracted submaximally with prostaglandin F2 alpha. Relaxation in response to acetylcholine was less in atherosclerotic compared with normal arteries (5 +/- 6% versus 54 +/- 4% [mean +/- SE] in response to 3 x 10(-8) mol/L acetylcholine, P < .01). Relaxation in response to aprikalim, a direct activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, was also less in atherosclerotic than in normal arteries (32 +/- 7% versus 69 +/- 5% during 10(-6) mol/L aprikalim, P < .01). Relaxation in response to aprikalim but not to acetylcholine or nitroprusside was inhibited almost completely by glibenclamide (4 mumol/L), a selective inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Relaxation in response to low but not high (10(-6) to 10(-5) mol/L) concentrations of sodium nitroprusside was less in atherosclerotic than in normal arteries. Regression of atherosclerosis tended to restore responses to acetylcholine, but not responses to nitroprusside or aprikalim, toward normal. These findings suggest that atherosclerosis impairs relaxation of the carotid artery in response to activation of ATP-sensitive channels. Impaired responses may be due, in part, to nonspecific impairment of relaxation. Regression of atherosclerosis did not restore responses of the carotid artery toward normal.
N′‐tert‐Butyl‐N‐methyl‐N‐trimethylsilylmethylformamidine

[80376-66-5] C10H24N2Si (MW 200.40) InChI = 1S/C10H24N2Si/c1-10(2,3)11-8-12(4)9-13(5,6)7/h8H,9H2,1-7H3/b11-8+ InChIKey = MFQDMLNXILAMOB-DHZHZOJOSA-N (conveniently effects the transformation of ketones and aldehydes to homologated nitriles,1 amines,2 aldehydes,2 and ketones3) Alternate Name: TMS-Form. Physical Data: bp 78–80 °C/7 mmHg. Preparative Methods: easily synthesized by a two-step procedure (eq 1).2 Initially, the condensation of t-Butylamine with either N,N-Dimethylformamide or dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal cleanly affords N′-t-Butyl-N,N-dimethylformamidine. Subsequent lithiation and silylation with Chlorotrimethylsilane results in a 70% overall yield of the purified title reagent. (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent should be handled in a fume hood. Refrigeration should be used for prolonged storage.
Control of oxidation-reduction potentials in flavodoxin from Clostridium beijerinckii: the role of conformation changes.

X-ray analyses of wild-type and mutant flavodoxins from Clostridium beijerinckii show that the conformation of the peptide Gly57-Asp58, in a bend near the isoalloxazine ring of FMN, is correlated with the oxidation state of the FMN prosthetic group. The Gly-Asp peptide may adopt any of three conformations: trans O-up, in which the carbonyl oxygen of Gly57 (O57) points toward the flavin ring; trans O-down, in which O57 points away from the flavin; and cis O-down. Interconversions among these conformers that are linked to oxidation−reduction of the flavin can modulate the redox potentials of bound FMN. In the semiquinone and reduced forms of the protein, the Gly57-Asp58 peptide adopts the trans O-up conformation and accepts a hydrogen bond from the flavin N5H [Smith, W. W., Burnett, R. M., Darling, G. D., & Ludwig, M. L. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 117, 195−225; Ludwig, M. L., & Luschinsky, C. L. (1992) in Chemistry and Biochemistry of Flavoenzymes III (Muller, F., Ed.) pp 427−466, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL]. Ana...
Factors Associated with Severe Granulomatous Pneumonia in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Mice Vaccinated Therapeutically with hsp65 DNA

Resistant C57BL/6 mice infected in the lungs with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and then therapeutically vaccinated with Mycobacterium leprae-derived hsp65 DNA develop severe granulomatous pneumonia and tissue damage. Analysis of cells accumulating in the lungs of these animals revealed substantial increases in T cells secreting tumor necrosis factor alpha and CD8 cells staining positive for granzyme B. Stimulation of lung cells ex vivo revealed very high levels of interleukin-10, some of which was produced by B-1 B cells. This was probably an anti-inflammatory response, since lung pathology was dramatically worsened in B-cell gene-disrupted mice.
Stoichiometry of the Electrogenic Na Pump in Barnacle Muscle: Simultaneous Measurement of Na Efflux and Membrane Current

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the stoichiometry of the electrogenic Na pump in barnacle muscle. The Na, K–ATPase is an enzyme located in the plasma membrane of cells and functions to transport sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. Flux studies have indicated that approximately three moles of Na ions are transported out of red blood cells for every mole of ATP hydrolyzed. Experimental studies on ouabain-sensitive Na efflux and ouabain-sensitive K influx demonstrated that the ratio of these two ouabain-sensitive fluxes was between 2:1 and 3:2 for Na:K for the countertransport of these two cations. The internally perfused barnacle muscle cell may be used to estimate the stoichiometry of the Na, K–ATPase under conditions of controlled internal and external environments of the cell membrane. Controlling for alterations in total membrane conductance and potassium-channel conductance, it was found that 1.5–2.0 Na ions are transported out of the cell for every K ion transported into the cell.
Selected Contribution: Estrogen receptor-α antisense decreases brain estrogen receptor levels and affects ventilation in male and female rats

We hypothesized that administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to estrogen receptor (ER)-α mRNA decreases the ER protein in the neonatal rat brain, alters the sex-specific ventilatory responses to aspartic acid in rats, and counteracts the effects of testosterone proportionate (TP) in females. One-day-old rat pups were injected intraventricularly with vehicle, antisense ER ODN, or scrambled ODN control. Additional groups of females received TP or vehicle and one of the three treatments. Brain ER protein levels were decreased by 65% at 6 h and 35% at 24 h after antisense ODN. Aspartic acid decreased ventilation in all groups of weanling males and females except ER ODN-treated females and TP-vehicle-treated females. Aspartic acid decreased ventilation in all groups of adult females except those given TP and in males. Weanling ER ODN-treated rats were shorter and weighed less than controls. Only adult ER ODN-treated males exhibited these traits. Thus neonatal ER affects aspartic acid modulation of breathing and body growth in a sex-specific and developmental manner.
Effects of systemic hypertension on the cardiovascular system

Abstract Hypertension is a well-characterized risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adults. More recently, data obtained from autopsy studies as well as epidemiological longitudinal studies have demonstrated that similar end organ changes occur in children and adolescents with even mild elevations in blood pressure. These changes in early life predict the development of adult end organ disease. Specifically, chronic elevations in blood pressure in pediatric patients lead to alteration in left atrial and ventricular structure. Hypertension is also associated with impaired ventricular relaxation and decreased compliance. These cardiac changes occur in parallel with alterations in the vascular system and development of atherosclerosis. For these reasons, children with elevated blood pressures must be identified and treated appropriately in order to improve their long-term outcomes.
Are Technologists Qualified to Be Educators

In this Point/Counterpoint article, the authors have been asked to debate whether nuclear medicine technologists are qualified to be educators. This questions the basis of many of our training programs, in which significant portions of the program are taught by staff technologists. This is true for
Sub-pixel Image Block Matching Based Measurement on Driving Characteristic of a Piezoelectric Actuator

In order to measure the driving characteristic of a piezoelectric actuator with high precision,a sub-pixel image block matching method of displacement measurement based on computer vision is proposed. Three important factors,including the searching region,the model size,and the fitting precision of sub-pixel,are analyzed and researched,and the most appropriate parameters are chosen with respect to both the experiment results and the measurement characteristic of micro/nano image sequences. The high-precision nano platform,the high power microscope and the standard grid are used together to validate the measurement precision of this method. The proposed method is used to measure the driving characteristic curve of a piezoelectric actuator practically. The experimental results of the piezoelectric actuator driving characteristic measurement are consistent with the physics analysis. Also,the proposed method,which is simple in manipulation and credible in measurement results,satisfies the requirement of high-precision micro/nano measurement.
Load calculation of dynamic load lining under penetration weapon

In order to study load changes of the dynamic load lining under the penetration weapon—GBU28,the load changes of four kinds of enclosing rocks were calculated and compared through empirical formula.The result indicates that the load is related to the quality of the rock mass and the supporting method of the dynamic load lining;while in the same condition of support,the peeling-off arching load gets lower as the quality of the surrounding rock improves;while in the same surrounding rock,the peeling-off arching load gets lower as the supporting method improves.As the thickness of the fourth enclosing rock is about 24 meters,the peeling-off arching load is high whatever supporting method is adopted.Therefore,the main entrance of the tunnel engineering should not be constructed in the fourth enclosing rock.
Healing effect of bFGF on burn wound degree II of children

Objective: To observe the healing effect of bFGF (recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor) on burn wound degree IIof children. Methods: 798 inpatiences from 1997 to 2004 were divided into two groups. One was experiment group. The other was controlgroup .Burn wounds ofexpriment group were cleaned with 1% povidone iodine solution and NS, then they were treated with bFGF at a dosageof 150 Au/cm2. Burn wounds of control group were cleaned with 1% povidone iodine solution and NS only. The time for complete healing(day) was observed after treatment. Results: The time for complete healing of expriment group after treatment was less than the time of con-tral group .The average ahead time (day) of superficial degree II burn wound was 3.68 days .The average ahead time (day) of deep degree IIburn wound was 5.02 days. Conclusion: bFGF promotes the healing of burn wound degree II of children significantly.
Wetted foam liquid fuel ICF target experiments

We are developing a new NIF experimental platform that employs wetted foam liquid fuel layer ICF capsules. We will use the liquid fuel layer capsules in a NIF sub-scale experimental campaign to explore the relationship between hot spot convergence ratio (CR) and the predictability of hot spot formation. DT liquid layer ICF capsules allow for flexibility in hot spot CR via the adjustment of the initial cryogenic capsule temperature and, hence, DT vapor density. Our hypothesis is that the predictive capability of hot spot formation is robust and 1D-like for a relatively low CR hot spot (CR~15), but will become less reliable as hot spot CR is increased to CR>20. Simulations indicate that backing off on hot spot CR is an excellent way to reduce capsule instability growth and to improve robustness to low-mode x-ray flux asymmetries. In the initial experiments, we will test our hypothesis by measuring hot spot size, neutron yield, ion temperature, and burn width to infer hot spot pressure and compare to predictions for implosions with hot spot CR's in the range of 12 to 25. Larger scale experiments are also being designed, and we will advance from sub-scale to full-scale NIF experiments to determine if 1D-like behavior at low CR is retained as the scale-size is increased. The long-term objective is to develop a liquid fuel layer ICF capsule platform with robust thermonuclear burn, modest CR, and significant α-heating with burn propagation.
Effect of chlortetracycline on regenerating liver.

Chlortetracycline, administered intravenously, inhibited the increase in thymidine kinase activity in 24-hr regenerating rat liver. The effect was dose-related and was accompanied by depression of DNA synthesis and thymidylate synthetase activity. The sensitive period for administration of time drug was restricted to the first 12-hr after operation; at 30-hr the enzyme activities escaped inhibition. Nuclear RNA synthesis was not inhibited, nor was 14 C-leucine incorporation into acid-precipitable protein when measured at several intervals during this period.
Transthoracic Echocardiography: The Basic Views

Bedside transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a valuable, noninvasive, point-of-care diagnostic tool that can be used for cardiac evaluation of symptomatic or hemodynamically unstable patients. Use of TTE in the perioperative setting, emergency medicine or critical care patient population can provide new objective data and guide clinical management. The increasing availability of TTE and minimal training required to become competent makes the bedside TTE examination complementary to TEE.
Design Review from the Inside

City governments have redefined their relationship to real estate development. Instead of regulating real estate ventures from a distance, many now act as coinvestors or cosponsors with private companies. City redevelopment agencies, for example, assemble land, contribute financing, and build infrastructure for private projects they want to promote. Port authorities, transportation agencies, and public land development corporations also act as codevelopers of private projects that are intended to serve a public purpose.
Hands-on grid computing with Globus Toolkit 4

Grid computing uses geographically distributed computers collectively to achieve higher performance computing and resource sharing. MIT Technology Review lists grid computing as one of en Emerging Technologies That Will Change the World The next generation of scientists and engineers need to prepare for a technological workplace that includes grid computing.The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce the participants to hands-on grid computing exercises [1, 2, 3, 4] using the Globus Toolkit 4.
The prevalence and cost of medical student visiting rotations.

Performance on visiting rotations during the senior year of medical school is consistently cited by residency program directors as a critical factor in selecting residents. Nevertheless, the frequency with which visiting rotations are undertaken and the associated financial costs they impose have not been systematically examined. Under the auspices of the Electronic Residency Application Service, a survey was sent in March 2015 to all U.S. applicants for residency programs in the 2014-15 academic year. Students were asked how many visiting rotations they performed; the estimated cost of performing each rotation; their perception of their educational value and primary motivation for performing them; and the Match outcome of their residency application. The survey was completed by 2817 applicants, yielding a response rate of 11.3 %. 1898 applicants (67.4 %) performed visiting rotations: 647 applicants (30.0 %) performed one; 640 (22.7 %) performed two; 322 (11.4 %) performed three; and 289 (10.3 %) reported four or more. When accounting for potential response bias, the true prevalence of away rotators was estimated to be 58.7 % of all fourth-year medical students (95 % CI 54.0–63.4 %). The mean number of rotations for participating students was 2.1. Most students performed rotations equally as an audition for residency placement and for education, with some of the more competitive subspecialties reporting more of an audition experience. The mean estimated cost for performing a single rotation was $958. Thirty-six percent of applicants reported matching at an institution where they had rotated, either their home institution or one at which a visiting rotation was performed. Visiting rotations are prevalent, expensive, and only partly educational. As such, these rotations may impede optimal use of the senior year of medical school and limited student financial resources.
Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid Expansion on Dental Care Use

Objective To examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act on dental care use among poor adults ages 21–64 in 2014. Data 2010–2014 Gallup-Healthways Wellbeing Index Survey. Study Design Among poor adults with income at or below 138% of the Federal Poverty Level, a differences-in-differences analysis was used to compare the changes in dental care use in states with different Medicaid expansion and adult dental policies. Principal Findings Relative to the pre-reform period and other states, in Medicaid expansion states with adult dental benefits, dental care use increased between 2 and 6 percent points in the second half of 2014, but most of these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusions Early evidence suggests that the Affordable Care Act may either not be having a substantial impact on dental care use or it is too early to assess the impact.
Autonomous mobile robot with independent control and externally driven actuation

Complexity, cost, and power requirements for actuation of individual robots are large factors in limiting the size of robotic swarms. Here we present a prototype robotic system that allows for externally powered motion in 2D without sacrificing individual autonomy, which simplifies the robot hardware, possibly enabling larger swarm sizes. This is accomplished using a table surface that is moving in an orbital fashion, and where robots can move to any point on the table surface simply through a series of carefully timed attachment and detachment steps. We present a model for the robot's motion, and use this model to create a motion controller that allows the robot to move from its current position to any other position on the table in approximately a straight line. We show this controller working in simulation as well as on an experimental hardware system.
Structural potentials of paper-skin polyurethane foam board

Experimental structures have been built and tested which utilize polyester-impregnated, paper-laminated urethane foam board as the principal stress-resisting material. These structures have been found adequately strong for the construction of light industrial and residential buildings. Material properties are in some instances an advantage; in others a restriction. A two-story prototype building has been constructed which shows performance characteristics similar to conventional wood-frame structures.
Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small.

Background Bartonellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by an expanding number of recently discovered Bartonella spp. Objectives This review serves as an update on comparative medical aspects of this disease, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and challenges. Results Of comparative medical importance, Bartonella spp. are transmitted by several arthropod vectors, including fleas, keds, lice, sand flies, ticks and, potentially, mites and spiders. Prior to 1990, there was only one named Bartonella species (B. bacilliformis), whereas there are now over 36, of which 17 have been associated with an expanding spectrum of animal and human diseases. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated documentation of chronic bloodstream and dermatological infections with Bartonella spp. in healthy and sick animals, in human blood donors, and in immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients. The field of Bartonella research remains in its infancy and is rich in questions, for which patient relevant answers are badly needed. Directed Bartonella research could substantially reduce a spectrum of chronic and debilitating animal and human diseases, and thereby reduce suffering throughout the world. Conclusion A One Health approach to this emerging infectious disease is clearly needed to define disease manifestations, to establish the comparative infectious disease pathogenesis of this stealth pathogen, to validate effective treatment regimens and to prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
Does high relatedness promote cheater‐free multicellularity in synthetic lifecycles?

The evolution of multicellularity is one of the key transitions in evolution and requires extreme levels of cooperation between cells. However, even when cells are genetically identical, noncooperative cheating mutants can arise that cause a breakdown in cooperation. How then, do multicellular organisms maintain cooperation between cells? A number of mechanisms that increase relatedness amongst cooperative cells have been implicated in the maintenance of cooperative multicellularity including single-cell bottlenecks and kin recognition. In this study, we explore how relatively simple biological processes such as growth and dispersal can act to increase relatedness and promote multicellular cooperation. Using experimental populations of pseudo-organisms, we found that manipulating growth and dispersal of clones of a social amoeba to create high levels of relatedness was sufficient to prevent the spread of cheating mutants. By contrast, cheaters were able to spread under low-relatedness conditions. Most surprisingly, we saw the largest increase in cheating mutants under an experimental treatment that should create intermediate levels of relatedness. This is because one of the factors raising relatedness, structured growth, also causes high vulnerability to growth rate cheaters.
Memorial of William T. Holser, 1920–1999

William “Bill” T. Holser, a former editor of, and regular contributor to this journal, died at his home during the night of December 25, 1999 after battling Parkinson’s disease for several years. In the course of his 79 years, he achieved an honored place in the scientific world and a warm place in the hearts of all who knew him. Like many who grew up during the depression, his early life was a constant challenge. His father, a self-taught surveyor, died when Bill was only eleven and his mother eked out a living by teaching in out-of-the-way places, including San Nicolas off the coast of California where the student body consisted of just two small girls. Despite her meager income, she managed to put Bill through school, for she recognized very early that Bill had an exceptional mind. He was a quiet, studious child with an inquiring intellect and a conscientious character. He wanted to …
Facility-based inreach strategies to promote annual mammograms.

Mammography facilities frequently use inreach strategies, such as reminders, to encourage annual returns by asymptomatic women 50 years of age and older. We describe three pilot studies that systematically compared various strategies. In each study, patients seen for a screening mammogram during a specified period were randomly assigned to a novel reminder condition or a comparison condition one year later, and return rates were monitored. In study 1, return rates for subjects receiving a standard mailed reminder (36%) and subjects receiving a mailed reminder plus incentive (32%) were similar. In study 2, return rates for subjects receiving a mailed reminder (44%) and subjects receiving a phoned reminder (48%) also were similar. However, study 3 focused on a mailed reminder on the referring physician’s letterhead sent by the mammography facility versus no reminder, and a significant increase in return rates resulted (47% versus 19%). We present the implications of this pattern of findings and discuss the need for a larger trial of the physician-endorsed reminder.
Abstract 060: Association of Body Mass Index With Risk Factor Optimization and Guideline Directed Medical Therapy in Veterans With Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Obesity is an epidemic in the United States and has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including atherosclerosis, heart failure and hypertension. However, o...
Very-low-calorie diet for obese type 2 diabetic patients

Source Citation Wing RR, Marcus MD, Salata R, et al. Effects of a very-low-calorie diet on long-term glycemic control in obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jul;151:1334-40.
An examination of the effects of balanced budget laws on state borrowing costs

This study investigates the relationship between different levels of state balanced budget laws and state borrowing costs. Using federal guidelines for state balanced budget law classifications, this author inserted dichotomous variables in an empirical model of state borrowing costs. Ordinary Least Squares Regression is utilized to determine which balanced budget laws are recognized in state interest costs. The results indicate a significant relationship between the most restrictive levels of balanced budget laws and state borrowing costs. The strongest balanced budget laws are associated with lower interest costs while the weakest budget laws are associated with higher costs. It appears that taxpayers in states with weaker balanced budget amendments may not be as protected against excessive government growth as those in states with the most stringent balancing requirements.
Implications of Core and Hip Injuries on Major League Baseball Pitchers on the Disabled List

Purpose To investigate the frequency of core and hip injuries in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers and their impact on performance, workload, and pitch type. Methods Demographic, performance data, and injury data were acquired for 330 MLB pitchers with 454 injuries placed on the disabled list (DL) from 2014 to 2015 seasons. Core and hip/groin injuries were analyzed in which injury year data were compared with career data and against other injury groups. Results Core injuries represented 14% of all injuries and hip/groin injuries represented 7%. Average days on the DL for core injuries were 47.0 (standard deviation 5.6) days and 37.7 (standard deviation 8.1) days for hip/groin injuries. Return from the DL the same season for core injuries was 78% and 73% for hip/groin injuries. Core injuries returned to the DL 46% of the time (73% for noncore injuries) and hip/groin returned 56% of the time (60% for nonhip/groin injuries). No changes in workload were noted except starters with core injuries pitched less innings/game (5.3 vs 4.9 innings/game, P = .031) and more pitches/game (85.5 vs 78.4 pitches, P = .026). Fastball velocity decreased in the core injury group the year of injury (91.6 vs 92.2 mph, P = .001). Core injuries had slightly fewer home runs/9 innings and fewer strikeouts/9 innings; hip/groin injuries had slightly more strikeouts/9 innings, with all other performance statistics no different between the groups including earned run average and wins above replacement. Conclusions Core and hip injuries in MLB pitchers result in similar time on the DL compared with other injuries. Pitching workload during the year of injury does not seem to have a significant impact on sustaining a core or hip injury. Although there is a high rate of return to play from the DL, there is a high rate of reinjury in these pitchers more often for other injuries. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Ethnic and Racial Disparities in HPV Vaccination Attitudes

There are substantial racial and ethnic disparities in the vaccination rate for human papillomavirus (HPV), which helps protect against cervical cancer. Using data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey, we explore differences between Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in attitudes toward vaccinating adolescent girls for HPV. We use logistic regression models to explore whether racial/ethnic differences in attitudes toward HPV vaccinations are explained by HPV knowledge, demographic and socioeconomic status, and/or general distrust of the healthcare system. We include interactions to explore whether the effects of HPV knowledge and doctor distrust vary by racial/ethnic group. We find that greater HPV knowledge increases general willingness to vaccinate for all groups except Blacks. Our findings point to a need for additional research and design of culturally appropriate interventions that address barriers to vaccination.
Reaching High-Need Youth Populations With Evidence-Based Sexual Health Education in California.

Objectives. To explore the programmatic reach and experience of high-need adolescents who received sexual health education in 3 distinct implementation settings (targeted-prevention settings, traditional schools, and alternative schools) through a statewide sexual health education program.Methods. Data are from youth surveys collected between September 2013 and December 2014 in the California Personal Responsibility Education Program. A sample of high-need participants (n = 747) provided data to examine the impact of implementation setting on reach and program experience.Results. Implementation in targeted-prevention settings was equal to or more effective at providing a positive program experience for high-need participants. More than 5 times as many high-need participants were served in targeted-prevention settings compared with traditional schools. Reaching the same number of high-need participants served in targeted-prevention settings over 15 months would take nearly 7 years of programming in traditi...
Language/sexuality/affect: Introducing the special issue

The papers in this special issue examine the relationships between language, sexuality and affect. Using examples of language use from Argentine cinema, bounce music performance, a university classroom, a BDSM community, and Black women’s urban queer space, the papers show how various forms of linguistic practice allow affect to remain comfortably nested on “the cusp of semantic availability” ( Williams 1977 : 134), rather than being reduced to tightly defined categories or messages. The discussions of these examples also show how various forms of linguistic practice allow sexuality to unfold as a messy formation ( Giffney 2009 , Manalansan 2014 ), thereby remaining resistant to boundaries and precise definitions. The basis for these parallels between affect and sexuality are explored in these papers, as are their implications for future studies of language, affect, and sexuality.
Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a 14-year panel study of GEM

Scholars note the importance of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in promoting new venture activity. Yet to date, limited focus has been given to its impact on female venturing. Accordingly, our study investigates if the entrepreneurial ecosystem influences the prevalence of male and female entrepreneurship over time. We analyze the effect of entrepreneurial ecosystems in 75 countries between 2001 and 2014 on the rates of entrepreneurship for men and women using aggregate data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey and National Expert Survey. Findings indicate that the prevalence in entrepreneurship is highest for women when the entrepreneurial ecosystem features low barriers to entry, supportive government policy towards entrepreneurship, minimal commercial and legal infrastructure, and a normative culture that supports entrepreneurship. Conversely, we find that prevalence rates for men are highest when there is supportive government policy but weak government programs aimed towards business creation.
Psychophysiological Role Induction or the Trojan Horse Procedure

It is absolutely essential immediately to move the patient presenting physical complaints without physical findings toward a psycho-physiological model and away from a biomedical model (mind—body dichotomy model) of one’s presenting complaints. The psycho-physiological model is implemented through a role induction which should be administered within the first three sessions of patient contact, before the window of hope and opportunity, temporarily opened by a new therapy context, closes in the patient’s head. The psycho-physiological role induction is an effort to challenge and change the patient’s perception of the possible origins of one’s somatic complaint. This is done by challenging the patient’s prior beliefs about the extent to which one’s thoughts can influence or do in fact inaccurately reflect one’s biological functions. This is accomplished through a psycho-physiological role induction, which uses what I call a Trojan Horse Procedure. This procedure has at least four components, which start on the outside with somatic symptoms and work their way upward into the patient’s head. (See Table 7.)
Brief Overview of Various Healthcare Tools, Methods, Framework and Standards

There exists a multitude of standards with regards to health information systems (HIS) and the electronic exchange of commercial transactions containing private data that must be used amongst various service providers to adequately perform their duties to patients. The evolution of health information systems has been guided by business interests as well as from government legislation creating a somewhat fragmented system with many marginally compatible components exchanging patient sensitive information electronically. The many standards in use today include: HIPAA, EDI, HL-7, DICOM, IEEE 11073, ICD-9, and CPT. In this chapter, we discuss various healthcare standards listed above and their history briefly.
Green’s Functions

In this chapter we derive Green’s functions useful for scattering and propagation problems. We present a thorough discussion of one-dimensional problems as well as many examples. The Green’s functions for the wave and Helmholtz equations are derived and interrelated for one, two, and three dimensions. Useful integral representations of these functions are presented as well as the relation between delta functions in different coordinate systems.
Genetic mapping of a possible new alcohol dehydrogenase sequence to mouse chromosome 3 at the Adh-1/Adh-3 complex.

Southern blot analysis of mouse genomic DNA reveals two Eco RI fragments which faintly hybridize to mouse Adh-1 cDNA and are not part of the Adh-1 gene. These fragments were isolated from agarose gels, cloned, and characterized. Sequence analysis of the 2.1-kb Eco RI fragment suggests that it is likely a pseudogene since it does not contain a long open reading frame. However, the 2.0-kb Eco RI fragment contains a coding sequence with a long open reading frame which corresponds to exon 6 of the mouse Adh-1 gene. Comparison of the coding sequence with other known ADHs suggests that the sequence has diverged sufficiently from any currently known class of ADH to be a possible distinct class. Further confirmation awaits analysis of currently available genomic clones. Using these sequences as probe, restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified for each sequence between C57Bl/6J and DBA/2J inbred mouse strains. The strain distribution pattern for these allelic differences was determined among the B × D recombinant inbred strains. This analysis revealed that the 2.1-kb Eco RI sequence is located on chromosome 3 but at a distance from the Adh-1/Adh-3 complex as previously reported. However, the new polymorphism identified in the 2.0-kb Eco RI fragment enabled this sequence to be mapped at the Adh-1/Adh-3 complex.
ALDOL-GTP in Controlled Synthesis of Vinyl Alcohol Polymers

Sequential silyl aldol condensation involving aldehydes and silyl vinyl ethers gives monodisperse poly(silyl vinyl ether) whose molecular weight (\({\overline {\text{M}} _{n\,}}\)1000-160,000) is controlled by the aldehyde initiator. The new process, termed aldol-group transfer polymerization (aldol-GTP) involves a silyl group transfer from monomer to the carbonyl oxygen of either the initiator or the living polymer, leading to generation of a new terminal aldehyde functional group. The reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids and can be initiated by other electrophiles, e.g., alkyl halides and acetals. The living polymers are stable, neutral materials whose hydrolytic stability depends on the bulkiness of the sily group. In general, aromatic aldehydes tend to react more cleanly as initiators than do aliphatic aldehydes. Unlike the GTP of methyl methacrylate in which the silyl group is transferred from the initiator to the monomer, aldol-GTP involves a transfer of silyl group from monomer to initiator. Some of the advantages of aldol-GTP over existing methods such as cationic polymerization include operability over a broad temperature range, complete monomer conversion, living polymer formation, very good molecular weight control, and facile block copolymer synthesis. It permits control of hydrophilicity of block copolymers.
Secondary ensnarement: Surveillance systems in the service of punitive immigration enforcement:

Relatively little scholarly work explores US interior immigration enforcement through a surveillance lens. This article asks how US immigration authorities have designed and deployed surveillance s...
A Cross-National Design to Estimate Effects of COVID-Induced Non-Pharmacological Interventions

We describe a research initiative that will explore the economic and social effects not of the COVID-19 itself but of the policies and information environment that COVID-19 spawned. We will exploit the substantial intra and inter-country temporal and geographic variation in non- pharmacological intervention policies induced by the COVID-19 disease. We will use data from ongoing household-based panel studies from 10 countries and rich administrative data from an eleventh. Six of the ten household panels have already fielded or will shortly field COVID-related questions to their main samples. A seventh, the PSID, has fielded questions to samples of the Child Development Supplement and Transition into Adulthood Supplement. The PSID and the other three panels will include COVID related questions in their next regular survey. All of them will be completed in 2021.
0.7–2.5μm Spectra of Hilda Asteroids

The Hilda asteroids are primitive bodies in resonance with Jupiter whose origin and physical properties are not well understood. Current models posit that these asteroids formed in the outer solar system and were scattered along with the Jupiter Trojans into their present-day positions during a chaotic episode of dynamical restructuring. In order to explore the surface composition of these enigmatic objects in comparison with an analogous study of Trojans, we present new near-infrared spectra (0.7–2.5 μm) of 25 Hilda asteroids. No discernible absorption features are apparent in the data. Synthesizing the bimodalities in optical color and infrared reflectivity reported in previous studies, we classify 26 of the 28 Hildas in our spectral sample into the so-called less-red and red sub-populations and find that the two sub-populations have distinct average spectral shapes. Combining our results with visible spectra, we find that Trojans and Hildas possess similar overall spectral shapes, suggesting that the two minor body populations share a common progenitor population. A more detailed examination reveals that while the red Trojans and Hildas have nearly identical spectra, less-red Hildas are systematically bluer in the visible and redder in the near-infrared than less-red Trojans, indicating a putative broad, shallow absorption feature between 0.5 and 1.0 μm. We argue that the less-red and red objects found in both Hildas and Trojans represent two distinct surface chemistries and attribute the small discrepancy between less-red Hildas and Trojans to the difference in surface temperatures between the two regions.
Anomalous conductivity tensor in the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi

Na3Bi is a Dirac semimetal with protected nodes that may be sensitive to the breaking of time-reversal invariance in a magnetic field B. We report experiments which reveal that both the conductivity and resistivity tensors exhibit robust anomalies in B. The resistivity is B-linear up to 35 T, while the Hall angle exhibits an unusual profile approaching a step function. The conductivities and share identical power-law dependences at large B. We propose that these significant deviations from conventional transport result from an unusual sensitivity of the transport lifetime to B. The transport features are compared with those in Cd3As2.
Protective effect of LNA-anti-miR-132 therapy on liver fibrosis in mice.

microRNAs (miRs) are small regulatory RNAs that are frequently deregulated in liver disease. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive scarring caused by chronic inflammatory processes. In this study, we determined the functional role of miR-132 using a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR approach in liver fibrosis. A significant induction in miR-132 levels was found in mice treated with CCl4 and in patients with fibrosis/cirrhosis. Inhibition of miR-132 in mice with LNA-anti-miR-132 caused decreases in CCl4-induced fibrogenesis and inflammatory phenotype. An attenuation in collagen fibers, α SMA, MCP1, IL-1β, and Cox2 was found in LNA-anti-miR-132-treated mice. CCl4 treatment increased caspase 3 activity and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in control but not in anti-miR-132-treated mice. Inhibition of miR-132 was associated with augmentation of MMP12 in the liver and Kupffer cells. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest miR-132 targets SIRT1 and inflammatory genes. Using tumor cancer genome atlas data, an increase in miR-132 was found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increased miR-132 levels were associated with fibrogenic genes, higher tumor grade and stage, and unfavorable survival in HCC patients. Therapeutic inhibition of miR-132 might be a new approach to alleviate liver fibrosis, and treatment efficacy can be monitored by observing EV shedding.
High triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio is associated with increased coronary heart disease among White but not Black adults

Abstract Objective Black adults are less likely than White adults to present with adverse lipid profiles and more likely to present with low-grade inflammation. The impact of race on the association between atherogenic lipid profiles, inflammation, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is unknown. Methods We evaluated the association between high levels (>50th percentile) of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-C) and CHD events by race in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort with 30,239 Black and White participants aged 45 and older. Results Participants with both high hsCRP and high TG/HDL-C had highest rates of CHD (HR 1.84; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.29 vs HR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.94 in White vs Black participants respectively). Whereas isolated high hsCRP was associated with increased CHD risk in both races (HR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.15 and HR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.81 for White and Black participants respectively), isolated high TG/HDL was associated with increased CHD risk only in White participants (HR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.79 vs HR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.38). Further, the effects of high hsCRP and high TG/HDL-C were additive, with inflammation being the driving variable for the association in both races. Conclusion In both races, higher inflammation combined with adverse lipid profile is associated with greater CHD risk. Therefore, inflammation increases CHD risk in both races whereas dyslipidemia alone is associated with a greater risk in White but not in Black adults. hsCRP testing should be a standard feature of CHD risk assessment, particularly in Black patients.
The Voucher Promise: “Section 8” and the Fate of an American Neighborhood

In The Voucher Promise, Eva Rosen has given us a well-written ethnography of the experience of families and landlords participating in the largest demand-side housing subsidy program in the United ...
Polygenic Risk Scores for Kidney Function and Their Associations with Circulating Proteome, and Incident Kidney Diseases.

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed numerous loci for kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). The relationship of polygenic predictors of eGFR, risk of incident adverse kidney outcomes, and the plasma proteome is not known. Methods: We developed a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for eGFR by applying the LDpred algorithm to summary statistics generated from a multiethnic meta-analysis of CKDGen Consortium GWAS (N=765,348) and UK Biobank GWAS (90% of the cohort; N=451,508), followed by best parameter selection using the remaining 10% of UK Biobank (N=45,158). We then tested the association of the PRS in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (N=8,866) with incident chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, and acute kidney injury. We also examined associations between the PRS and 4,877 plasma proteins measured at at middle age and older adulthood and evaluated mediation of PRS associations by eGFR. Results: The developed PRS showed significant associations with all outcomes with hazard ratios (95% CI) per 1 SD lower PRS ranged from 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) to 1.33 (1.28, 1.37). The PRS was significantly associated with 132 proteins at both time points. The strongest associations were with cystatin-C, collagen alpha-1(XV) chain, and desmocollin-2. Most proteins were higher at lower kidney function, except for 5 proteins including testican-2. Most correlations of the genetic PRS with proteins were mediated by eGFR. Conclusions: A PRS for eGFR is now sufficiently strong to capture risk for a spectrum of incident kidney diseases and broadly influences the plasma proteome, primarily mediated by eGFR.
Recovery from the respiratory distress syndrome.

Few diseases of a noninfectious origin have undergone such a marked change in prognosis in recent years as clinical hyaline membrane disease (CHMD or IRDS). With the advent of newborn intensive care units and all that they currently imply in the management of acutely ill infants with severe CHMD, little wonder that the prognosis and natural history of this disease have been markedly altered. This altered outlook and the documentation of the physiological alterations in lung function is well illustrated in the article of Bryan et al. 2 entitled "Pulmonary Function Studies During the First Year of Life in Infants Recovering from the Respiratory Distress Syndrome" which appears in this issue of Pediatrics .