cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of an Online Education Platform to Enhance Patients’ Knowledge About Radiation in Diagnostic Imaging

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a digital interactive education platform and standard paper-based education on patients' knowledge regarding ionizing radiation. Methods Beginning in January 2015, patients at a tertiary cancer center scheduled for diagnostic imaging procedures were randomized to receive information about ionizing radiation delivered through a web-based interactive education platform (interactive education group), the same information in document format (document education group), or no specialized education (control group). Patients who completed at least some education and control group patients were invited to complete a knowledge assessment; interactive education patients were invited to provide feedback about satisfaction with their experience. Results A total of 2,226 patients participated. Surveys were completed by 302 of 745 patients (40.5%) participating in interactive education, 488 of 993 (49.1%) participating in document education, and 363 of 488 (74.4%) in the control group. Patients in the interactive education group were significantly more likely to say that they knew the definition of ionizing radiation, outperformed the other groups in identifying which imaging examinations used ionizing radiation, were significantly more likely to identify from a list which imaging modality had the highest radiation dose, and tended to perform better when asked about the tissue effects of radiation in diagnostic imaging, although this difference was not significant. In the interactive education group, 84% of patients were satisfied with the experience, and 79% said that they would recommend the program. Conclusions Complex information on a highly technical subject with personal implications for patients may be conveyed more effectively using electronic platforms, and this approach is well accepted.
Student Counselors' Moral, Intellectual, and Professional Ethical Identity Development

Professional identity is characterized by the integration of individuals' professional and personal selves. The authors used a multiple regression design to examine counselor professional ethical identity development, with specific attention to moral and intellectual development. Student counselors (N = 59) completed the Modified Subject-Object Interview (Monson & Hamilton, 2010), Defining Issues Test–2 (Rest, Narvaez, Bebeau, & Thoma, 1999a), and Learning Environment Preferences scale (Moore, 1987). Moral development was the most significant predictor of professional ethical identity development. Preparatory and research strategies to enhance professional ethical identity formation are discussed.
Improving Multithreaded Performance Algorithmically in VIPLE

Flowchart-based programming languages are useful because they are easy to interpret on the user end, and have recently become more popular in implementation in certain fields. In this framework, a program is recognized as a flowchart. In this flowchart, different parts of the program can be executed concurrently or in an optimized order using scheduling algorithms. However, more complex equations, such as large heuristic algorithms for path finding, tend to result in huge slowdowns in execution time due to execution delays in the pipeline. The solution of this paper is to create an algorithm that uses multithreading to maximize the speedup of a given program, while taking into account both theoretical limits as well as implementation limits (due to thread creation and destruction, synchronization, and load balancing). This algorithm also incorporates a new form of branch prediction, which will limit the number of calculations and threads needed in these workflows. Implementation and analysis of the results of this algorithm's use are explored at the end of this paper.
Power-Base Effects on Salesperson Motivation and Performance: A Contingency View

ABSTRACTPurpose: The sales literature shows that motivation is a key determinant of salesperson performance. The literature also suggests that how managers use social power will have an effect on important organizational outcomes, including salesperson performance. This study examines the five bases of social power that sales managers use (reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert) as moderating influences in the salesperson motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic)—salesperson performance linkage.Methodology/approach: Data was collected from 128 salespeople using a cross industry survey. Eight hypotheses were developed and tested using SmartPLS (partial least squares).Findings: The authors found support for five of eight hypotheses. Results and significant findings suggest that sales managers can impact sales performance in extrinsically motivated salespeople by using coercive and legitimate power. For intrinsically motivated salespeople, sales managers can impact sales performance by using coercive,...
“See You in Court”: How CEO narcissism increases firms' vulnerability to lawsuits

Although some researchers have suggested that narcissistic CEOs may have a positive influence on organizational performance (e.g., Maccoby, 2007; Patel & Cooper, 2014), a growing body of evidence suggests that organizations led by narcissistic CEOs experience considerable downsides, including evidence of increased risk taking, overpaying for acquisitions, manipulating accounting data, and even fraud. In the current study we show that narcissistic CEO's subject their organizations to undue legal risk because they are overconfident about their ability to win and less sensitive to the costs to their organizations of such litigation. Using a sample of 32 firms, we find that those led by narcissistic CEOs are more likely to be involved in litigation and that these lawsuits are more protracted. In two follow-up experimental studies, we examine the mechanism underlying the relationship between narcissism and lawsuits and find that narcissists are less sensitive to objective assessments of risk when making decisions about whether to settle a lawsuit and less willing to take advice from experts. We discuss the implications of our research for advancing theories of narcissism and CEO influence on organizational performance.
Platinum Electrodeposition for Supported ALD Templated Foam Hohlraum Liners

AbstractTwo commercially available platinum plating solutions (Platanex III and Platanex Luna) were evaluated for the electrodeposition of platinum layers on gold hohlraums and cylindrically shaped silver-gold ingots. The successful deposition of thin Pt layers on gold hohlraums as well as thick Pt layers on silver-gold alloys will allow for the integration of atomic layer deposition templated foam inside a hohlraum. It was found that when the manufacturer’s recommendations for the Pt plating solutions were used, the coatings obtained were unacceptable because of cracking, poor adhesion, or thin and powdery Pt deposits. Therefore, alternative plating parameters were investigated, and the conditions resulting in acceptable coatings are reported here.
Latina Student Mothers' "Trenzas de Identidades" in the Community College.

Latinx are one of the fastest growing demographic groups in the country and their growth is visible in higher education. Using focus groups with student mothers, we examine the narratives of four Latina student mothers pursuing higher education at the community college. Using Chicana Feminist Theory as our theoretical framework, we apply trenzas de identidades (Godinez, 2006; Montoya, 1994) as a metaphorical and analytical tool to understand the experiences of Latina community college student mothers. The student mothers’ trenzas de identidades demonstrate the ways their mother, student, and professional identities intersect and influence how they experience and navigate the educational pipeline. We call upon higher education faculty and administrators to reject deficit ideologies of Latina student mothers, and we offer recommendations for creating a receptive environment for them.
Ethnic identification and New York City’s intra-Latina/o hierarchy

Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in New York City, I argue that the negotiation of ethnic identifications among Latina/os is informed by shared understandings of the relative status of Latina/o subgroups, in what is, essentially, a hierarchy of relative privilege and prestige. The statuses of distinct Latina/o groups, and the shared understandings that people have about these statuses, set incentives and disincentives that influence which ethnic identifications individuals choose. I present a framework for understanding the intersections of status and ethnic self-identification and how these factors serve to resist, maintain, or improve one’s standing in relation to intra-Latina/o hierarchies. Ethnic choices include distancing from putative in-groups or adopting identifications or ethnic markers of Latina/o out-groups. The ethnoracial status hierarchies that influence Latina/o ethnic choices point to the challenges and possibilities in forging a cohesive Latina/o collectivity.
Normal pancreatic parenchymal thickness by CT in healthy children.

Chronic pancreatitis is increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. Atrophy is an important, but qualitative, finding of chronic pancreatitis. To transition to a quantitative measure that can specifically define atrophy requires knowledge of normal pancreatic parenchymal bulk in children. The purpose of this study was to define normal pancreatic thickness (linear measurements) at multiple anatomic locations in the pancreas of healthy children. This was an Institutional Review Board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective study. Three reviewers measured the thickness of the pancreas at four locations (head, neck, body, tail) on computed tomography (CT) examinations performed with intravenous contrast in children without a history of pancreatic disease. Measurements were made on 140 examinations, evenly distributed among 7 age groups (3–16.99 years) with 10 males and 10 females in each group. Agreement and bias between reviewers were assessed by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. Correlation with age, height and weight were assessed with Spearman’s rho (ρ). The mean (for 3 readers) thicknesses of the head, neck, body and tail were 1.3–2 cm, 0.7–1 cm, 0.9–1.6 cm and 1–1.6 cm, respectively, depending on patient age. Measurement agreement between reviewers was fair to good (ICC: 0.52–0.7). Bias between reviewers ranged from 0 to 3 mm. Pancreatic thickness was weakly to moderately correlated with age (ρ=0.39–0.52), height (ρ=0.44–0.61) and weight (ρ=0.51–0.64). We have defined normal ranges for thickness of the pancreas at four locations, and have shown that these measurements depend on patient age and size. These data may be useful to more objectively define pancreatic atrophy in children with suspected pancreatic disease.
NOTES ON AQUARIUM BROOD RELEASE AND FEEDING OF THE OPOSSUM PIPEFISH, MICROPHIS BRACHYURUS LINEATUS

sp. (Bohlke and Chaplin 1968). Juveniles even-tually recruit into oligohaline habitats. The species range isfrom Sao Paulo, Brazil, to New Jersey, USA, although thenorthernmost limit of permanent breeding populationsoccurs in the freshwater tributaries to the Indian RiverLagoon in east central Florida (Gilmore and Gilbert 1992).The opossum pipefish is one of 25 species of diadromousfish at risk of extinction in North America (Musick et al.2000) and is a candidate species to the US Threatened andEndangered Species List (Federal Register 1999).The opossum pipefish diet was unknown untilTeixeira and Perrone (1998) analyzed the gut contents of109 opossum pipefish from the southeastern Brazil popu-lation. They found that the most abundant prey were insectlarvae, followed by juvenile fish (Gerreidae) and smallcrustaceans. However, the diet necessary to maintainaquarium-kept opossum pipefish had not been determinedprior to the present paper.Male Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefishes) carry abrood of fertilized eggs in a partially or completely closedpouch, depending on the species. Hatching occurs insidethe pouch, followed by release of the young syngnathids. Brood release has been documented for commonpipefish and seahorse species that have been succesfullykept in aquaria (Garrick-Maidment 1997). Gilmore (1977)reported opossum pipefish brood release in a freshwateraquarium, but the actual event of brood release was notobserved. Long-term aquarium keeping of opossumpipefish has not been attempted before, and many funda-mental questions of the biology of the species remain unre-solved. In 350 BC, Aristotle was the first scientist to describethe process of brood release in Syngnathidae, probably
Getting to the roots of tubers

Tuberous plants store starch grains in their roots, and these roots provide the staple diet for the people of many tropical countries. But when were these roots first domesticated and used as food plants? Using a clevertechnique - looking for starch grains on the surfaces of prehistoric stone tools - this question has been answeredfor one plant, manioc, in Panama. And the answer is about 7,000 years ago.
Understanding eHealth Literacy From a Privacy Perspective: eHealth Literacy and Digital Privacy Skills in American Disadvantaged Communities:

Despite the importance of eHealth literacy in the eHealth domain, studies on the antecedents of eHealth literacy, especially through a privacy lens, are still limited. Using a door-to-door paper-an...
Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Acute Pancreatitis

Patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) usually present with sudden onset of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Approximately 80% of patients have interstitial pancreatitis with mild-to-moderate symptoms, and 20% have life-threatening necrotizing disease. Careful clinical assessment and the judicial use of biochemical tests and radiological imaging enables the practitioner to differentiate AP from other causes of acute abdomen and to assess the severity of disease (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) .
Determinants of binding and internalization of tissue-type plasminogen activator by human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells.

Vascular injury induced by angioplasty is often followed by smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, migration, and accumulation of extracellular matrix. Since plasminogen activators and their receptors may be important both in cell migration and the clearance of plasminogen activators, we studied the binding, internalization, and degradation of radiolabeled tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) by explant cultures of human vascular SMC. Binding of t-PA to SMC at 4 degrees C was rapid, specific, saturable, and inhibitable by antibodies to plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). At 37 degrees C, labeled t-PA was internalized and degraded by SMC but not by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Internalization and degradation was mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) in that these processes were inhibited by an anti-LRP antibody, recombinant LRP-associated protein, urokinase-type plasminogen activator-PAI-1 complexes, and lactoferrin. The portion of t-PA most important for internalization after complexing with PAI-1 is likely to be in the finger and/or epidermal growth factor domains or in the carbohydrate at amino acid 117, in that the internalization of preformed t-PA.PAI-1 complexes or complexes formed on the cell surface was inhibited by an excess of active site-blocked wild type t-PA, but not by an active site blocked t-PA variant missing these domains. These studies are consistent with a model in which t-PA binds initially to SMC-associated PAI-1 with subsequent t-PA.PAI-1 internalization via LRP. SMC may play an important role in clearing t-PA-PAI-1 complexes from within the vessel wall.
Choice of Thoracic Incision

No one is going to thank you for leaving fewer or smaller wounds on a corpse – leave your handbook of minimally invasive and aesthetic technique at home – this is not boutique surgery. Also, don’t get confused – we are not here to cure cancer or treat congenital or age related cardiovascular disease. That stuff you will find in the handbook of elective cardiothoracic surgery. That all applies where the specialized and circulatory-supported are the only surgeons regularly entering the chest. We are going to a place where the general surgeon is likely the only hope a patient has for surviving after a thoracic wound. That hope will be vested in you. Fortunately it is also a place where the experienced general surgeon is likely to know a lot about the priorities and pitfalls of thoracic surgery for trauma. But the rub is that even among seasoned trauma and combat general surgeons, there is limited (though highly intense) individual experience. It’s a very difficult area in which to get a wealth of experience because only a small minority of thoracic injuries, even penetrating or combat related, require a major operation. In those that do require an operation the stakes are extremely high.
Filamentous Bacteriophages: An Antigen and Gene Delivery System

In the past years bacteriophages have been employed in a wide array of applications including therapy of bacterial infections, genetic research and the discovery of specific target binding proteins. More recently they have been proposed as delivery vehicles for peptides/proteins and DNA in the development of phage delivered vaccines and for gene therapy. Because of their efficacy, low cost, safety and physical stability, bacteriophages have represented and still represent a relevant and pro­mising tool in this diverse range of fields. The aim of this chapter is to review studies where filamentous bacteriophages were applied as antigen and gene delivery vehicles and to emphasize their several potential applications in modern medicine and biotechnology.
Prior bariatric surgery lowers complication rates following spine surgery in obese patients.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is an increasingly common treatment for morbid obesity that has the potential to effect bone and mineral metabolism. The effect of prior BS on spine surgery outcomes has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess differences in complication rates following spinal surgery for patients with and without a history of BS. Retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected New York State Inpatient Database (NYSID) years 2004–2013. BS patients and morbidly obese patients (non-BS) were divided into cervical and thoracolumbar surgical groups and propensity score matched for age, gender, and invasiveness and complications compared. One thousand nine hundred thirty-nine spine surgery patients with a history of BS were compared to 1625 non-BS spine surgery patients. The average time from bariatric surgery to spine surgery is 2.95 years. After propensity score matching, 740 BS patients were compared to 740 non-BS patients undergoing thoracolumbar surgery, with similar comorbidity rates. The overall complication rate for BS thoracolumbar patients was lower than non-BS (45.8% vs 58.1%, P < 0.001), with lower rates of device-related (6.1% vs 23.2%, P < 0.001), DVT (1.2% vs 2.7%, P = 0.039), and hematomas (1.5% vs 4.5%, P < 0.001). Neurologic complications were similar between BS patients and non-BS patients (2.3% vs 2.7%, P = 0.62). For patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, BS patients experienced lower rates of bowel issues, device-related, and overall complication than non-BS patients (P < 0.05). Bariatric surgery patients undergoing spine surgery experience lower overall complication rates than morbidly obese patients. This study warrants further investigation into these populations to mitigate risks associated with spine surgery for bariatric patients.
Anatomy and Physiology-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hydrocephalus

The development of advanced neuroimaging techniques over the past several decades has served a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. The latest evidence from both human and animal research suggests that one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying poor outcomes in these patients is damage to vulnerable white matter structures in the brain due to ventricular enlargement and increased intracranial pressure. However, a clear understanding of these white matter abnormalities and their implications on neurobehavioral outcomes in this patient population is not well understood. To this end, magnetic resonance techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, probabilistic diffusion tractography, and elastography, to name a few, have recently been studied to assess noninvasive quantification of these abnormalities and the biomechanics of brain tissue. Our chapter examines the evolution of magnetic resonance neuroimaging technology in hydrocephalus. We particularly focus on the use of anatomy and physiology-based imaging techniques and diffusion tensor imaging which are supported by a growing body of literature as promising noninvasive tools in the diagnosis and long-term management. We conclude with a brief discussion on more novel, emerging techniques such as magnetic resonance elastography and experimental imaging such as synthetic magnetic resonance imaging.
Human Transcranial Super Resolution Imaging

Transcranial ultrasound imaging in humans is challenging due to the significantly aberrating nature of the skull bone, which degrades the image and compromises the resolution. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of human super-resolution transcranial imaging. A focused-wave, full-aperture emission at 2.5 MHz was used to image out-of-plane and in-plane 208µm sized targets (λ/3) at a depth of 68.5 mm. By correcting the skull's aberration, registration errors in the lateral and axial dimensions were reduced to as low as λ/8 and λ/3 respectively in the out-of-plane super resolved images. Phase correction improved microbubble detection sensitivity by a factor of 1.48. An in-plane tube with the same diameter was resolved even without applying a phase correction across a 30 mm lateral field. Further phase correcting reduced the axial registration error by approximately 3λ, improved the shape of the tube and increased sensitivity by a factor of 1.31. Using microbubble contrast agents at a clinically relevant concentration of 1.6 * 106bubbles/mL, it is shown that transcranial super-resolution imaging through a human skull is feasible with focused ultrasound, even without phase correcting. Phase correction further improved sensitivity and resolution. These findings imply the feasibility of super-resolution imaging in the in vivo human brain.
Deficiencies in Scientific Evidence for Medical Management of Gender Dysphoria.

Individuals who experience a gender identity that is discordant with biological sex are increasingly presenting to physicians for assistance in alleviating associated psychological distress. In con...
The looking glass selfie: Instagram use frequency predicts visual attention to high-anxiety body regions in young women

Abstract Existing research links social media use with body dissatisfaction and increased appearance comparison, demonstrating that photo-based behaviors such as taking and posting ‘selfies’ may lead to increased risk of body image disturbance (Cohen, Newton-John, & Slater, 2017). Social media users frequently interact with photos of themselves online while using social media platforms. When looking at a self-photo, individuals can selectively focus attention on body regions that are self-reported as attractive or unattractive; attention to unattractive regions can lead to increased body dissatisfaction (Smeets, Jansen, & Roefs, 2011). Likewise, body dissatisfaction is a predictor of selective attention to self-reported unattractive regions (Glashouwer, Jonker, Thomassen, & de Jong, 2016), creating a reinforcing cycle. The present study used eye-tracking methods to examine how 157 women aged 18–35 visually processed a self-photo, measuring attention to self-reported high- and low-anxiety body regions. Even accounting for baseline body dissatisfaction, Instagram but not Facebook use frequency predicted greater visual attention to high-anxiety body regions, with physical appearance comparison and body dissatisfaction serving as serial mediators. Discussion focuses on social comparison theory, suggesting that Instagram (a highly visual platform) encourages upward social comparisons when self-evaluating, prompting attention to body regions perceived as less attractive.
Acute Fractures and Dislocations of the Ankle and Foot in Children

An understanding of the normal developmental anatomy of the pediatric foot and ankle and the injury mechanisms and imaging manifestations of acute foot and ankle injuries aids in ensuring appropria...
Clarity: Data-Driven Automatic Assessment of Product Competitiveness

Competitive analysis is a critical part of any business. Product managers, sellers, and marketers spend time and resources scouring through an immense amount of online and offline content, aiming to discover what their competitors are doing in the marketplace to understand what type of threat they pose to their business' financial well-being. Currently, this process is time and labor-intensive, slow and costly. This paper presents Clarity, a data-driven unsupervised system for assessment of products, which is currently in deployment in the large IT company, IBM. Clarity has been running for more than a year and is used by over 1,500 people to perform over 160 competitive analyses involving over 800 products. The system considers multiple factors from a collection of online content: numeric ratings by online users, sentiments of reviews for key product performance dimensions, content volume, and recency of content. The results and explanations of factors leading to the results are visualized in an interactive dashboard that allows users to track their product's performance as well as understand main contributing factors. Its efficacy has been tested in a series of cases across IBM's portfolio which spans software, hardware, and services.
Conceptual Framework Development for a Double-Walled Aortic Stent-Graft to Manage Blood Pressure.

A double-walled stent-graft (DWSG) design with a compressible gas layer was conceived with the goal of treating hypertension in patients receiving an aortic stent-graft. Early prototypes were developed to evaluate the design concept through static measurements from a finite element (FE) model and quasi-static inflation experiments, and through dynamic measurements from an in vitro flow loop and the three-element Windkessel model. The amount of gas in the gas layer and the properties of the flexible inner wall were the primary variables evaluated in this study. Properties of the inner wall had minimal effect on DWSG behavior, but increased gas charge led to increased fluid capacitance and larger reduction in peak and pulse pressures. In the flow loop, placement of the DWSG decreased pulse pressure by over 20% compared to a rigid stent-graft. Capacitance measurements were consistent across all methods, with the maximum capacitance estimated at 0.07 mL/mmHg for the largest gas charge in the 15 cm long prototype. Windkessel model predictions for in vivo performance of a DWSG placed in the aorta of a hypertensive patient showed pulse pressure reduction of 14% compared to a rigid stent-graft case, but pressures never returned to unstented values. These results indicate that the DWSG design has potential to be developed into a new treatment for hypertensive patients requiring an aortic intervention.
Mechanosensitive Control of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Homeostasis in Mice Requires Osteocytic Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling.

OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays a complex tissue-specific and nonlinear role in osteoarthritis (OA). This study was conducted to determine the osteocytic contributions of TGFβ signaling to OA. METHODS To identify the role of osteocytic TGFβ signaling in joint homeostasis, we used 16-week-old male mice (n = 9-11 per group) and female mice (n = 7-11 per group) with an osteocyte-intrinsic ablation of TGFβ receptor type II (TβRIIocy-/- mice) and assessed defects in cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone plate (SBP) thickness, and SBP sclerostin expression. To further investigate these mechanisms in 16-week-old male mice, we perturbed joint homeostasis by subjecting 8-week-old mice to medial meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI), which preferentially disrupts the mechanical environment of the medial joint to induce OA. RESULTS In all contexts, independent of sex, genotype, or medial or lateral joint compartment, increased SBP thickness and SBP sclerostin expression were spatially associated with cartilage degeneration. Male TβRIIocy-/- mice, but not female TβRIIocy-/- mice, had increased cartilage degeneration, increased SBP thickness, and higher levels of SBP sclerostin compared with control mice (all P < 0.05), demonstrating that the role of osteocytic TGFβ signaling on joint homeostasis is sexually dimorphic. With changes in joint mechanics following injury, control mice had increased SBP thickness, subchondral bone volume, and SBP sclerostin expression (all P < 0.05). TβRIIocy-/- mice, however, were insensitive to subchondral bone changes with injury, suggesting that mechanosensation at the SBP requires osteocytic TGFβ signaling. CONCLUSION Our results provide new evidence that osteocytic TGFβ signaling is required for a mechanosensitive response to injury, and that osteocytes control SBP homeostasis to maintain cartilage health, identifying osteocytic TGFβ signaling as a novel therapeutic target for OA.
Play vocalisations and human laughter: a comparative review

Complex social play is well-documented across many animals. During play, animals often use signals that facilitate beneficial interactions and reduce potential costs, such as escalation to aggressi...
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Groups for Youth in Schools: A Systematic Review

Psychiatric problems are an increasing concern for youth in the United States, with these concerns targeted by school-based social-emotional learning programs. One intervention that may address these concerns is Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills groups, an evidence-based treatment that may remediate youth psychiatric problems. Adapting DBT skills groups for schools and colleges may increase the accessibility of mental health interventions for youth. In this systematic review, seven studies were examined to determine the effectiveness and acceptability of standalone DBT skills groups as a school-based treatment for psychiatric problems. Preliminary effectiveness for school-based DBT skills groups in reducing psychiatric problems in youth (e.g., aggression, depression) was found in four college studies and in two primary/secondary school studies. Four studies reported preliminary acceptability for the intervention. Numerous methodological shortcomings (e.g., lack of fidelity to DBT protocols and blinded outcome measures) should be addressed with future research. Consistent effectiveness was found in college samples, but the lack of generalizable samples and mixed results precludes a strong statement about the effectiveness of DBT skills groups in primary/secondary schools. Nevertheless, this intervention shows some promise in remediating psychiatric problems in youth. More research should be conducted to elucidate the effectiveness and acceptability of this intervention.
Carotid Stenting: Flow Reversal Technique: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Management options for carotid stenosis include medical management, carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting with distal filter protection, or stenting with either flow arrest or flow reversal techniques.1 Flow reversal with transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) technique represents a hybrid approach with surgical access to the common carotid for endovascular placement of a stent in the internal carotid artery. This direct access to the carotid artery avoids navigating the challenging anatomy of the aortic arch with endovascular devices.2 Compared to transfemoral stenting, TCAR possesses lower risk of transient ischemic attack and stroke, and compared to carotid endarterectomy, there is less risk of cranial neuropathy.3,4 We present the case of an 87-yr-old man with recurrent severe stenosis (85%) of the right internal carotid artery. The patient had a remote history of bilateral endarterectomies for asymptomatic stenosis and was found with recurrence and progression of right internal carotid artery stenosis. Options were discussed and decision was made to proceed with TCAR after he consented for the procedure. The patient tolerated the procedure well with satisfactory revascularization. Exam remained unremarkable prior to discharge on postoperative day 1 and during follow-up at 1 mo. Patient consented to the publication of their image.
EZH2i EPZ-6438 and HDACi vorinostat synergize with ONC201/TIC10 to activate integrated stress response, DR5, reduce H3K27 methylation, ClpX and promote apoptosis of multiple tumor types including DIPG.

ONC201/TIC10 activates TRAIL signaling through ATF4 and the integrated stress response (ISR). ONC201 demonstrated tumor regressions and disease stability in patients with histone H3K27M-mutated midline-glioma. H3K27M-mutation prevents H3K27-methylation on the mutated allele. EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2i) reduce H3K27 methylation and have anti-tumor effects. We hypothesized ONC201 sensitivity and tumor apoptosis may increase by reducing H3K27-methylation with EZH2i or HDACi as mimics of H3K27M-mutation. EZH2i EPZ-6438 (tazemetostat) or PF-06821497 and HDACi vorinostat were combined with ONC201 to treat multiple cancer cell lines and cell viability and histone modifications were analyzed. We observed synergistic effects towards cell viability in multiple cancers by EPZ-6438 or PF-06821497 plus ONC201 or triple therapy with vorinostat, EPZ-6438, and ONC201. EPZ-6438 and vorinostat synergized with ONC201 to enhance apoptosis. Activation of the ISR and TRAIL-DR5 were observed in cells treated with ONC201 -/+ epigenetic modulators. Knockdown of ATF4 reduced DR5 induction and apoptosis following EZH2i and ONC201 treatment of U251 glioma cells. mRNA expression of dopamine-receptors did not correlate with ONC201 sensitivity in the tumor cell lines tested (N = 12), including changes after epigenetic drugs. Dopamine did not rescue apoptosis by ONC201 in different tumor cell lines (N = 10) including 2 GBM, 3 DIPG and did not prevent DR5 activation or apoptosis. DRD2 agonist sumanirole did not protect brain tumor cells (N = 6 including 4 DIPG cell lines) from ONC201 reduction in viability. Although synergy was observed with ONC201 and vorinostat, there was no significant increase in H3K27 acetylation in cell lines including DIPG as compared to vorinostat alone, and in some cases the acetylation was less than vorinostat alone at 72 H. H3K27 methylation reduction correlated with synergy from combinations of either EPZ-6438 or vorinostat with ONC201 or triple combination. Our findings provide a rationale for combination of ONC201 and epigenetic modulators including triple therapy for in vivo and clinical testing in treatment of human malignancies including brain tumors and DIPG.
Validation of COVID-19 serologic tests and large scale screening of asymptomatic healthcare workers.

Abstract Objectives Serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 is an important element in the fight to slow the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to validate two serologic tests for total (IgM, IgG, IgA) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, (i) the Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody assay for the Vitros 5600 analyzers and (ii) a manual laboratory developed ELISA (FDA EUA pending), for use in parallel orthogonal testing of asymptomatic healthcare workers and affiliates of the University of Maryland Medical System. Design and Methods Validation and verification of the two tests was performed using samples from hospitalized patients that were found to be PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2, samples pre-COVID-19, and samples from individuals with current/previous infections with other viruses. Healthcare workers and affiliates from across the University of Maryland Health System were provided testing free of charge and their results were reported as reactive or non-reactive if the two tests were concordance, or indeterminate if the results were discordant. Results Validation testing found the Ortho Vitros test to be 100% (73/73) sensitive, and 99.3% (152/153) specific, while the UMMC ELISA was found to be 97.6% (204/209) sensitive and 100% (288/288) specific. Real world testing among 8399 healthcare workers found that 2.9% (247/8399) of healthcare workers were positive for anti- SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by both tests. An indeterminate rate of 1.1% (91/8399), in which one test reported reactive results, and one as non-reactive was also seen. Conclusions Parallel orthogonal testing improves the positive and negative predictive value of serologic testing in populations with low prevalence. The use of an indeterminate result from parallel orthogonal testing allows for the follow-up and re-testing, which helps resolve discrepancies between assays.
Spatial Interpolation for Robotic Sampling: Uncertainty with Two Models of Variance

Several important forms of robotic environmental monitoring involve estimating a spatial field from comparatively few measurements. A number of researchers use linear least squares estimation techniques, frequently either the geostatistical Kriging framework or a Gaussian Process regression formulation, that provide estimates of quantities of interest at unmeasured locations. These methods enable selection of sample locations (e.g., for adaptive sampling) by quantifying uncertainty across the scalar field. This paper assesses the role of pose uncertainty and measurement error on variance of the estimated spatial field. We do this through a systematic empirical comparison of scalar fields reconstructed from measurements taken with our robot using multiple imperfect sensors and actively estimating its pose. We implement and compare two models of variance: Kriging Variance (KV) and Interpolation Variance (IV), illustrating that the latter—which has not been used in a robotics context before—has several advantages when used for online planning of sampling tasks. Using two separate experimental scenarios, we assess the estimated variance in scalar fields constructed from measurements taken by robots. Physical robots sampling within our office building suggest that using IV to select sampling sites gathers more data for a given time window (45% more than KV), travels a shorter distance to collect the same number of samples (25% less than KV), and has a promising speed-up with multiple robots. Water quality data from an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey of Lake Pleasant, AZ. also show that IV produces better qualities for given a distance and time.
Make Better Business Decisions

(2008). Make Better Business Decisions. Research-Technology Management: Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 8-16.
Markov Models for Network-Behavior Modeling and Anonymization

Modern network security research has demonstrated a clear need for open sharing of traffic datasets between organizations, a need that has so far been superseded by the challenge of removing sensitive content beforehand. Network Data Anonymization (NDA) is emerging as a field dedicated to this problem, with its main direction focusing on removal of identifiable artifacts that might pierce privacy, such as usernames and IP addresses. However, recent research has demonstrated that more subtle statistical artifacts, also present, may yield fingerprints that are just as differentiable as the former. This result highlights certain shortcomings in current anonymization frameworks – particularly, ignoring the behavioral idiosyncrasies of network protocols, applications, and users. Recent anonymization results have shown that the extent to which utility and privacy can be obtained is mainly a function of the information in the data that one is aware and not aware of. This paper leverages the predictability of network behavior in our favor to augment existing frameworks through a new machine-learning-driven anonymization technique. Our approach uses the substitution of individual identities with group identities where members are divided based on behavioral similarities, essentially providing anonymityby-crowds in a statistical mix-net. We derive time-series models for network traffic behavior which quantifiably models the discriminative features of network ”behavior” and introduce a kernelbased framework for anonymity which fits together naturally with network-data modeling.
Cytokines in brain development and function.

Publisher Summary This chapter explains how cytokines control brain development. The role of cytokines in lineage commitment and cell survival is somewhat analogous to the role of hematopoietins in blood cell development. The chapter outlines the significant developmental signposts that are involved in the progressive sculpting of the central and peripheral nervous systems, following neurulation and dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube and will discuss the cytokines associated with each of these stages of development. It then describes the specific roles of individual cytokines in mediating discrete cellular events during neurogenesis and the developmental profiles of expression of the relevant ligands and receptor subunits. The interrelationships between progressive developmental events and their modulation by subclasses of epigenetic signals will then be placed within a specific biological context to allow predictions to be made concerning the likely future course of cytokine research in developmental neurobiology.
Exercise and insulin: Convergence or divergence at AS160 and TBC1D1?

Akt substrate of 160 kDa (called AS160 or TBC1D4) and TBC1D1, Rab GTPase activating proteins that regulate glucose transport, become phosphorylated with exercise- or insulin-stimulation. Evidence suggests that this convergence may prove to be imperfect, and each stimulus will produce a unique phospho-signature, providing a plausible mechanism for their apparently unique and overlapping roles in exercise- and insulin-stimulated glucose transport.
FoxO6 in glucose metabolism (FoxO6).

The forkhead box O (FoxO) subfamily has four members, namely FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4, and FoxO6. Unlike the other three members of the FoxO family, FoxO6 has garnered considerably less attention because of earlier reports that FoxO6 expression was limited to the brain. Recent data indicate that FoxO6 is produced in the liver of both rodents and humans. Hepatic FoxO6 activity, which remains at low basal levels in fed states, is markedly induced in fasted mice. FoxO6 activity becomes abnormally higher in the liver of mice with dietary obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Genetically engineered mice with elevated FoxO6 activity in the liver exhibit prediabetes, culminating in the development of glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Conversely, inhibition of FoxO6 activity in the insulin-resistant liver results in a reduction in fasting hyperglycemia, contributing to the amelioration of hyperinsulinemia in T2D mice. These new data suggest that FoxO6 is an important regulator of hepatic glucose metabolism in response to insulin or physiological cues. Insulin inhibits FoxO6 activity by promoting its phosphorylation and disabling its activity in the nucleus without altering its subcellular distribution via a mechanism that is distinct from other members of the FoxO subfamily. In this article, we comprehensively review the role of FoxO6 in glucose metabolism in health and disease. We also address whether FoxO6 dysregulation is a contributing factor for the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and discuss whether FoxO6 is a potential therapeutic target for improving fasting hyperglycemia in T2D. 摘要 叉头框O（FoxO）亚科有4个成员，亦即FoxO1、FoxO3、FoxO4与FoxO6。与其他3个FoxO家族成员不一样的是，因为先前有研究报告了FoxO6仅在大脑中表达，所以很少有人关注FoxO6。最近的数据表明，在啮齿类以及人类的肝脏中都能够产生FoxO6。小鼠在进食状态下肝脏中的FoxO6活性维持在一个较低的基础水平，而禁食可以显著诱导产生FoxO6。喂养的肥胖或者2型糖尿病（T2D）小鼠肝脏中的FoxO6活性异常升高。肝脏FoxO6活性升高的遗传工程小鼠出现了糖尿病前期状态，最后发展成葡萄糖耐量异常、空腹高血糖以及高胰岛素血症。相反，在有胰岛素抵抗的肝脏中抑制FoxO6的活性可导致T2D小鼠的空腹高血糖下降，并且有利于高胰岛素血症的改善。这些新的数据表明，在肝脏对胰岛素或者生理学信号起反应的葡萄糖代谢过程中，FoxO6是一个重要的调节因素。胰岛素通过促进FoxO6的磷酸化来抑制它的活性，并且在细胞核中使它失活，但是并没有改变它的亚细胞分布，这与FoxO亚科中其他成员的作用机制有所不同。在这篇文章中，我们全面地回顾了FoxO6在健康人以及患者的葡萄糖代谢中的作用。我们讨论了FoxO6失调在空腹高血糖的发病机制中是否是一个促进因素，并且讨论了为了改善T2D患者的空腹高血糖，是否要将FoxO6作为一个潜在的治疗目标。
A bottom-up approach to welfare case management decision support software

In an ideal world, welfare case workers should be able to advise their clients without having to trouble themselves with how the recommended actions are carried out. However, many issues interfere with the ideal. The case managers, and we the researchers developing programs for their use, must consider the resources available to the client, and the changing government regulations with which the case managers must comply.The current research is part of a project to build a database application designed to accommodate the preferences of case managers. The project examines a holistic approach to case management and therefore involves computer scientists, anthropologists and welfare case workers. Once the database has been launched, we will examine how the case managers use software that is not mandated by the state, but instead was created with their input and feedback as an integral part of the design process. A further focus of our study will be to examine how and if the software developed enables the case managers to perform tasks more efficiently and if this model will have a wider applicability in other domains.
The penumbra of learning: a statistical theory of synaptic tagging and capture.

Learning in humans and animals is accompanied by a penumbra: Learning one task benefits from learning an unrelated task shortly before or after. At the cellular level, the penumbra of learning appears when weak potentiation of one synapse is amplified by strong potentiation of another synapse on the same neuron during a critical time window. Weak potentiation sets a molecular tag that enables the synapse to capture plasticity-related proteins synthesized in response to strong potentiation at another synapse. This paper describes a computational model which formalizes synaptic tagging and capture in terms of statistical learning mech- anisms. According to this model, synaptic strength encodes a probabilistic inference about the dynamically changing association between pre- and post-synaptic firing rates. The rate of change is itself inferred, coupling together different synapses on the same neuron. When the inputs to one synapse change rapidly, the inferred rate of change increases, amplifying learning at ...
Extending Programming by Demonstration with Hierarchical Event Histories

Keywords: Programming by demonstration, hierarchical event histories, application interface, user interfaces, intelligent interfaces, end-user programming [Also appears as Human-Computer Interaction Institute Technical Report CMU-HCII-94-102] [FTP: CMU-CS-94-156.ps] Programming by Demonstration, or PBD, is an exciting and developing branch of HCI research. With PBD techniques, end-users can add functionality to their environments without programming in the conventional sense. Virtually all research into PBD, however, presumes that the event history is a linear sequence of user actions. This paper challenges that notion by introducing Hierarchical Event Histories, a new approach which represents some of the end-user''s task structure directly in the event history. PBD systems can then take advantage of this structure to operate more correctly and in more situations. To assist programmers in generating structured histories, we also present Hieractors, a new model that provides a simple and clear syntax for describing arbitrary, high-level application behaviors.