cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Funding fertility: Issues in the allocation and distribution of resources to assisted reproduction technologies

The appropriate level and source of funds for assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs), in particular IVF, have been controversial in most developed economies. Funding of fertility services internationally is characterized by low public (or other third party) funding, a greater reliance on user-pays than in most other health services, and variations in funding and provision. This article describes the characteristics of infertility as a condition and its treatment that have been used as a rationale for its exclusion from an otherwise comprehensive coverage of health services. The challenges these characteristics pose for the use of economic evaluation to inform resource allocation are discussed. Most economic evaluations have focused on the cost effectiveness of alternative infertility treatments. These evaluations provide important information, but do not inform the real issue at stake: what is the appropriate allocation of funds to ARTs, given that it involves sacrificing improvements in health in other areas? Cost utility analysis - the method of economic appraisal preferred by most agencies charged with making such decisions (including the National Institute of Clinical Excellence in the UK) - is ill-equipped to deal with the benefits produced by ARTs. Alternative methods are available, but require decision makers to weigh up very different sorts of evidence. Demonstration of the willingness to pay for the benefits of ARTs can be used to support public decisions but, conversely, also implies that those who can pay will pay in a private market. Ultimately, decisions about the inclusion or otherwise of ARTs in collectively funded health systems probably rest as much on judgments about equity in access as value for money. Given that this is the case, public funding of IVF should be accompanied by the development of agreed criteria for the prioritization of potential recipients, to ensure treatment is targeted at those for whom it is most effective and that access is consistent and fair.
The new generation of computer literacy

A tremendous mismatch is developing between two of the most critical components of any computer literacy course: the textbooks and the students. We are encountering a “new generation” of students (literally as well as figuratively!) who are much better acquainted with computer usage than their earlier counterparts. Yet many textbooks with increasing emphasis in those same computer tools continue to appear. There are signs of a coming change in that a few authors and publishers apparently are becoming aware of the need for innovations in texts for non-scientists. These textbooks open the door for a new orientation to principles in the teaching of computer literacy.
Synthesis and application of core-shell particles as toughening agents for epoxies

Poly(butadiene-co-styrene) [P(B-S)] core-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell particles were prepared using a two-step emulsion polymerization. These core-shell particles were used to toughen an epoxy polymer. The role of particle-epoxy interfaces were studied by systematically varying the shell compositions of the core-shell particles such as PMMA, P[MMA-acrylonitrile (AN)], P[MMA-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)] and P[MMA-divinyl benzene(DVB)]. Therefore, the nature of the particle-epoxy interfaces is varied in terms of physical interactions and chemical bonding. The fracture toughness values of the toughened epoxies were measured using linear elastic fracture mechanics. Results indicate that the morphology of the dispersed particles in the epoxy matrix plays an important role in the toughening of epoxies. This degree of dispersion can be varied by incorporating AN and GMA comonomers in the PMMA shells or by crosslinking the shell. In summary, nanoscale interactions of the rubber-matrix interface do not directly influence fracture toughness, instead, it was found that the nanoscale interactions could be used to control the blend morphology which has a dramatic effect on toughness. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discontinuous carbon dioxide release in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), and its effect on respiratory transpiration.

The discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC) was described in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) for the first time. Also, the effect of the DGC on water loss was investigated. The CO2 emission pattern in both insecticide resistant and susceptible B. germanica varied with temperature. At 10, 15, and 201C the pattern was discontinuous. Cycle frequency increased at 25 and 301C, and at 351C the pattern became cyclic. In most DGCs, there was no clear distinction between the closed and flutter phases in both strains thus data for these phases were combined and analyzed as the interburst phase. The probability that B. germanica would breath discontinuously varied with temperature. Most cockroaches (62.8%) displayed DGCs at 101C, therefore measurement of metabolic rate and water loss was carried out at this temperature. Using repeated measures of analysis of variance, the interburst and burst _ V CO2 ðml h � 1 Þ were not significantly different between the two strains. The variability in CO2 emission during the interburst and burst phases over time was not significantly different from cycle to cycle or between strains. Overall metabolic rate during the entire recording was not significantly different between both strains. There was a significant difference in the duration of the interburst and burst phases between the strains. The susceptible strain had significantly longer interburst and burst phase durations during a complete DGC than the resistant strain. The interburst and burst phase durations were 5:01 � 0:19 and 6:21 � 0:13 min, respectively, for the resistant strain, whereas the durations were 7:16 � 0:37 and 6:73 � 0:17 min, respectively, for the susceptible strain. This resulted in a DGC of significantly longer duration (13:89 � 0:44 min) in the susceptible strain compared with the resistant strain (11:23 � 0:26 min). The duration of the interburst phase was significantly different from the open phase duration in the resistant strain such that during a single DGC lasting � 11:23 min, 43.5% consisted of the interburst phase while the burst phase made up 56.5% of the cycle. The cuticular permeability at 101C and 0% RH was 2.26m gc m � 2 h � 1 mmHg � 1 for the resistant strain and 3.42m gc m � 2 h � 1 mmHg � 1 for the susceptible strain. In both strains, cuticular transpiration accounted for � 95% of total water loss. The significantly longer duration of the interburst phase of the susceptible strain was not important in reducing water loss. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pus3p- and Pus1p-dependent pseudouridylation of steroid receptor RNA activator controls a functional switch that regulates nuclear receptor signaling.

It was previously shown that mouse Pus1p (mPus1p), a pseudouridine synthase (PUS) known to modify certain transfer RNAs (tRNAs), can also bind with nuclear receptors (NRs) and function as a coactivator through pseudouridylation and likely activation of an RNA coactivator called steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA). Use of cell extract devoid of human Pus1p activity derived from patients with mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia, however, still showed SRA-modifying activity suggesting that other PUS(s) can also target this coactivator. Here, we show that related mPus3p, which has a different tRNA specificity than mPus1p, also serves as a NR coactivator. However, in contrast to mPus1p, it does not stimulate sex steroid receptor activity, which is likely due to lack of binding to this class of NRs. As expected from their tRNA activities, in vitro pseudouridylation assays show that mPus3p and mPus1p modify different positions in SRA, although some may be commonly targeted. Interestingly, the order ...
A framework for inferring field‐scale rock physics relationships through numerical simulation

[1] Rock physics attempts to relate the geophysical response of a rock to geologic properties of interest, such as porosity, lithology, and fluid content. The geophysical properties estimated by field-scale surveys, however, are impacted by additional factors, such as complex averaging of heterogeneity at the scale of the survey and artifacts introduced through data inversion, that are not addressed by traditional approaches to rock physics. We account for these field-scale factors by creating numerical analogs to geophysical surveys via Monte Carlo simulation. The analogs are used to develop field-scale rock physics relationships that are appropriate for transforming the geophysical properties estimated from a survey into geologic properties. We demonstrate the technique using a synthetic example where radar tomography is used to estimate water content.
Agglutination of Sindbis virus and of cells infected with Sindbis virus by plant lectins.

We have examined the agglutination of Sindbis virus and of chick and hamster cells infected with Sindbis virus by two of the plant lectins, concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin. Both lectins agglutinate the virus by binding to the polysaccharide chains of the envelope glycoproteins. Both chick and hamster cells exhibit increased agglutination by the lectins after infection by Sindbis virus. In the case of chick cells infected with Sindbis virus, this increase in agglutinability occurs between 3 and 5 h after infection. Infected and mock-infected cells bind the same amount of 3H-labeled concanavalin A, which suggests that the increase in agglutination after infection is due to rearrangements at the cell surface rather than to insertion of new lectin binding sites per se.
Microwave properties of Sr0.5Ba0.5TiO3 thin‐film interdigitated capacitors

Interdigitated capacitors have been fabricated on ferroelectric thin films of Sr0.5Ba0.5TiO3. These devices have been characterized at microwave frequencies from 50 MHz to 20 GHz, and have a 3.4:1 tuning range over a 1–40 V bias range. This is shown to originate from a relative dielectric constant tuning of 3.8:1. The microwave losses exhibited by these capacitors are comparable to those of commercially available semiconductor varactors for frequencies greater than 1 GHz, and should be useful for tunable microwave circuits in some 300 K applications. Published 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 168–171, 1998.
Low uncertainty alignment procedure using computer generated holograms

ABSTRACT We characterize the precision of a low uncertainty alignment procedure that uses computer generated holograms as center references to align optics in tilt and centration. This procedure was developed for the alignment of the Wide Field Corrector for the Hobby Eberly Telescope, which uses center references to provide the data for the system alignment. From previous experiments, we determined that using an alignment telescope or similar instrument would not achieve the required alignment uncertainty. We developed a new proc edure that utilizes computer generated holograms to create multiple simultaneous images to perform the alignment. The center references are phase etched Fresnel zone plates that act like thin lenses. We use zero order reflections to measure tilt and first order imaging from the zone plates to measure centration. We performed multiple alignments with a protot ype system consisting of two center references spaced one meter apart to characterize this methods performance. We scale the uncertainties for the prototype experiment to determine the expected alignment er rors in the Wide Field Corrector. Keywords: optical alignment, alignment datum, computer generated hologram, Fresnel zone plate, Hobby Eberly Telescope, Wide Field Corrector
Wild squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) "caregiver" calls: Contexts and acoustic structure.

A field study of the vocal behavior of 22 wild adult female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in Parque Nacional del Manu, Peru, found that 21% of vocalizations were "caregiver" calls. Caregiver calls are brief, low frequency calls, often with numerous harmonics, that are addressed by caregivers to their own infants in three contexts: 1) prenurse, signalling the caregiver's location and willingness to nurse; 2) nurse, while nursing; and 3) end nurse, indicating the end of the nursing bout. Three measures (start, end, and peak frequency) of the acoustic structure of the fundamental frequency of the caregiver calls significantly differed across the contexts. Duration of caregiver calls, however, was not distinguished by context. Compared to other primate taxa, the specificity and importance of caregiver calls in squirrel monkey vocal behavior appears unusual, if not unique. That S. sciureus caregiver calls are highly developed and employed so extensively probably follows from an unusual combination of ecological and life history factors. These factors include delayed weaning and large infant body size, high levels of indirect foraging competition which encourages spatial separation, susceptibility to predation, and specialization on a densely foliated, branch-end microhabitat in which visual contact is often impeded. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapies on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND:Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) may be susceptible to gastrointestinal (GI) effects of medications used for thromboprophylaxis.OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of thromboprophylaxis discontinuation due to GI symptoms and GI events.METHODS:A systematic search of MEDLINE (1950-November 2011) and Cochrane Central (through third quarter of 2011) databases was conducted for randomized trials of adults with AF published in English full-text and reporting on discontinuation due to GI symptoms or the incidence of various GI symptoms.RESULTS:Of studies comparing oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), 67%, 100%, and 100% found significantly higher incidences of discontinuation due to GI symptoms, upper GI symptoms, and nondistinct GI symptoms with DTIs, respectively. When comparing aspirin to control therapy, 50% and 33% of trials found significantly higher incidences of discontinuation due to GI symptoms and nondistinct GI symptoms with aspirin, respectively. ...
Moral Justification and the Idea of an Ethical Position

In this paper I develop a critique of Kantian ethics, and more precisely a critique of a particular conception of moral reasoning. The fundamental assumption that underlies the conception that I am targeting is that to justify (morally or otherwise) an action is (perhaps with an ‘all things being equal’ clause) to settle its value, in such a way that all rational participants would have to acknowledge that value. As an alternative to the Kantian conception, I propose a conception in which the basic unit of moral reasoning is not an action but rather what I call an ‘ethical position’—where an ethical position is where, at any given moment and with respect to the matter at hand, you stand, and where moral reasoning consists in the articulation of ethical positions.
DAta Center Damage Boundaries

Numerical modeling of data centers was introduced nearly 10 years ago and has become ubiquitous in the industry. Aside from computational fluid dynamics, a number of alternative approaches have been investigated to reduce model runtime while maintaining accuracy. Less attention, however, has been paid to utilizing the output of such tools to assess the availability and operational margin of IT equipment in a conditioned environment. This paper introduces a new technique called Data Center Damage Boundary that is derived from fragility analysis techniques used in military applications to further understand the limitations of a particular data center's environmental control infrastructure. Using the methodology described herein, Damage Boundaries are defined that establish safe operating regimes for IT equipment within a given data center thermal environment. From this information the thermal capacity of a given region of influence within a data center can be determined, regions of inefficient operation can be identified, and the proximity of equipment within a zone to its damage boundary can be evaluated. Furthermore, the information can help save energy by operating the data center at a higher server inlet temperature, improve utilization of capital-intensive air-conditioning resources, reduce excessive redundancy, and thus lead to a lower total cost of ownership. This paper will introduce the method and demonstrate its use by applying it to the results of a computational fluid dynamics model.
Distance aware collision avoidance protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic sensor networks

This paper proposes a channel access protocol for ad-hoc underwater acoustic networks which are characterized by long propagation delays and unequal transmit/receive power requirements. The protocol saves transmission energy by avoiding collisions while maximizing throughput. It is based on minimizing the duration of a hand-shake by taking advantage of the receiver's tolerance to interference when the two nodes are closer than the maximal transmission range. Nodes do not need to be synchronized, can move, are half-duplex, and use the same transmission power. This protocol achieves a throughput several times higher than that of the slotted FAMA, while offering similar savings in energy. Although carrier sensing ALOHA offers a higher throughput, it wastes much more power on collisions.
Assembly of CS1 Pili: the Role of Specific Residues of the Major Pilin, CooA

CS1 pili are important virulence factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains associated with human diarrheal disease. They are the prototype for a family of pili that share extensive sequence similarity among their structural and assembly proteins. Only four linked genes, cooB, cooA, cooC, and cooD, are required to produce CS1 pili in E. coli K-12. To identify amino acids important for the function of the major pilin CooA, we used alanine substitution mutagenesis targeting conserved residues in the N and C termini of the protein. To test function, we examined cooA mutants for the ability to agglutinate bovine erythrocytes. Each hemagglutination-negative (HA(-)) cooA mutant was examined to identify its assembly pathway defect. CooA has been shown to be degraded in the absence of CooB (K. Voegele, H. Sakellaris, and J. R. Scott, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:13257-13261, 1997). We found several HA(-) cooA mutants that produced no detectable CooA, suggesting that recognition by CooB is mediated by residues in both the N and C termini of CooA. In addition, we found that alanine substitution for some of the conserved residues in the C-terminal motif "AGxYxG(x(6))T," which is found in all subunits of this pilus family, had no effect on pilus formation. However, alanine substitution for some of the alternating hydrophobic residues within this motif prevented CooA from interacting with CooD, which serves as both the tip adhesin and nucleation protein for pilus formation. Thus, it appears that some, but not all, of the residues in both the N and C termini of CooA play a critical role in the intermolecular interactions of the major pilin with the other structural and assembly proteins. We anticipate that the results obtained here for CS1 pili in enterotoxigenic E. coli will help develop an understanding of the pilus assembly pathway used by CS1 family members in several important human pathogens.
Design and simulation of novel optoelectronic interconnect using photonic crystal virtual waveguide with robust fabrication and misalignment tolerances

A virtual waveguide system, utilizing self-collimated beams and photonic band gap mirrors in photonic crystals, is evaluated for applicability in an on-chip interconnect system. Simulations using the plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods are utilized to design and evaluate the theoretical performance of these virtual waveguides. The effect of systematic and random fabrication errors on the performance is characterized. Coupling efficiency is virtually unaffected by misalignment, but is found to be a strong function of the length of the waveguide and the frequency of light. Additional routing capabilities of sharp 90/spl deg/ turns and signal crossings with no crosstalk are demonstrated. Photonic crystal virtual waveguides are ideal structures for on-chip optical signal routing.
Impact of Bias-Correction Type and Conditional Training on Bayesian Model Averaging over the Northeast United States

AbstractThe performance of a multimodel ensemble over the northeast United States is evaluated before and after applying bias correction and Bayesian model averaging (BMA). The 13-member Stony Brook University (SBU) ensemble at 0000 UTC is combined with the 21-member National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system at 2100 UTC. The ensemble is verified using 2-m temperature and 10-m wind speed for the 2007–09 warm seasons, and for subsets of days with high ozone and high fire threat. The impacts of training period, bias-correction method, and BMA are explored for these potentially hazardous weather events using the most recent consecutive (sequential training) and most recent similar days (conditional training). BMA sensitivity to the selection of ensemble members is explored. A running mean difference between forecasts and observations using the last 14 days is better at removing temperature bias than is a cumulative distribution function (CDF) or linear re...
Interactive Effects of Different Types of Herbivore Damage: Trirhabda beetle Larvae and Philaenus spittlebugs on Goldenrod (Solidago altissima)

For pairwise coevolution to occur between a plant and one of its insect herbivores, the effects on plant fitness of that herbivore must be independent of other herbivore species. Here we present an experiment designed to test whether the effects of herbivory by Trirhabda beetle larvae and Philaenus spittlebugs are additive or whether the presence of one herbivore alters the impact of the other. We found that beetles and spittlebugs feeding together on tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) reduce the mass of the apical bud and the foliage more than would be expected from either insect feeding alone. Reductions in stem, lateral shoot and root mass were also greater than expected, but these differences were not statistically significant. A multivariate analysis to examine effects on all components of the plant revealed greater reductions in plant biomass when beetles and spittlebugs fed together than when either fed alone. This suggests that the effects of herbivory by these two insects are not independent and that neither is likely to develop a simple pairwise coevolutionary relationship with the tall goldenrod. However, because damage to goldenrods is increased when the beetles and spittlebugs feed together, these insects may select more for increased plant resistance to herbivory when feeding together than feeding separately.
Aziridine Nitrogen Inversion by Dynamic NMR: Activation Parameters in a Fused Bicyclic Structure

The nitrogen inversion of a N-phenyl aziridine fused to a succinimide ring is influenced by the presence of a phenyl ring in the succinimide moiety. The endo invertomer is favored, showing an unsymmetrical equilibrium in variable (1)H NMR studies.
Kinetic Enhancement of Mesoscale Combustion by Using a Novel Nested Doll Combustor

A novel, two-staged micro-scale combustor consisting of a sub-millimeter scale catalytic reactor and a meso-scale quartz main combustor is designed and analyzed. The performance of the micro-scale combustor is tested for both gaseous and liquid fuels, resulting in stable combustion for both cases. In the experiment, varying mixtures of 1-butene and air flow through a micro-scale catalytic tube to generate a radical source for the main combustor. The results show that this catalytic reaction can significantly extend the lean and rich flammability limits and sustain combustion at significantly lower flow rates. This presents clear evidence that radical addition plays an important role in flame stabilization in mesoscale combustion. Passing liquid ethanol in the outermost shell produces a much lower outside wall temperature, which implies heat recirculation within the burner. Analytical heat transfer calculations support this claim as well. A two-dimensional numerical simulation of methane-air flames with detailed chemistry is calculated in a simple geometry with and without radical addition to illustrate the benefit of the micro-tube. A threedimensional numerical simulation with simple chemistry shows the improved mixing caused by the micro-tube. The results of this report indicate that a small amount of radical addition can significantly stabilize the flame, and that this design successfully integrates the efficiency-enhancing mechanisms of radical addition, heat recirculation, and augmented mixing.
Shear Transmission in lamellar Ti-48at.%Al

The transmission of shear across the interfaces between lamellae of γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al has been studied in the case of a room temperature deformed Ti-48A1 alloy containing a significant proportion of the lamellar microstructure. The mechanisms of shear transmission due to dislocation slip has been studiedusing transmission electron microscopy. Dislocations with Burgers vectors given by b=1/3 are the only products of slip transmission from the γ-TiAl phase to the α2-Ti3Al phase, and essentially no dislocations with b=1/3 i.e. c-component dislocations, have been observed. Slip transmission has been associated with impingement of certain cross-lamellar twins, formed by deformation in γ-TiAl, with the α2 lamellae. Dislocation based models for the slip transmission processes are proposed.
Effects of Vairimorpha necatrix in Sprays and Corn Meal on Heliothis Species in Tobacco, Soybeans, and Sorghum

Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer), a promising microbial control agent due to its virulence and prolificness in several lepidopterous pests, was evaluated as a microbial insecticide for the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and corn earworm, H. zea (Boddie). Application in aqueous sprays at 2.5×1013 spores/ha did not adequately reduce density of budworm populations or damage in tobacco in spite of infection of up to 65% of the population. However, a V. necatrix-corn meal formulation, applied by hand above the tobacco vegetative bud at 2.5×1012 spores/ha, reduced budworm population density and damage to an extent comparable to a chemical insecticide or a Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Dipel®)-corn meal formulation. The hymenopterous parasites Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) and Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck were not infected by V. necatrix even when the parasites emerged from heavily infected budworms. Spray application of up to 3.2×1013 spores/ha did not adequately reduce H. zea populations or damage in soybeans or sorghum although infection of 99 and 72% of the host populations on the respective crops was attained. The microsporidium at the highest rate was, however, as effective as a chemical insecticide against the green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.). The effectiveness of a Dipel- V. necatrix mixture was similar to that of Dipel alone against H. zea but less than Dipel alone against P. scabra.
New nursing strategy to achieve zero infection incidence in patients with PICC

OBJECTIVE To explore a new nursing strategy to achieve zero-infection incidence in patients with PICC.METHODS Compare the difference of catheter-related infections in two groups by retrospective analysis and adopt several new strategies such as normatively washing hands,cleaning the skin,paving large towels,setting up full-time nurses and etc,which focus on cutting off the pathway of infection by microorganism.RESULTS The infectious rate in control group was 0.79‰ while that in observation group was 0 after adopting new nursing strategies such as manipulating by full-time nurses in a special treatment room shielding by the largest sterile barrier,strengthening the plan of placing catheters and the standard nursing strategy.The difference is statistical significance(P0.05).CONCLUSION To adopt the new nursing strategy and enroll it into institution and practice continuous quality control could control infection effectively,and may even achieve zero-infection incidence.
Spectrophotometry of Total Nitrogen Content in The Cigarettes

[Objective] To develop a new method of determining total nitrogen content in the cigarettes based on spectrophotometry.[Methods] In acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution,ammonia and formaldehyde reacted to form a yellow material whose maximum absorption spectra was 400 nm.[Results] Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0～10 μg/ml for ammonia concentration,correlation coefficient R = 0.9993,the detection limit was 0.4 μg/ml.[Conclusion]The result of using the method to determine the total nitrogen in cigarettes is satisfied.
The improving processes in the human resources management

The quality management of the human resources management, the quality of the products, services and prosperities of the firms is among others dependent on the quality management. Managers convey a leadership and commitment necessary for creating the environment for quality improvement. The managers are responsible for their own actions, development and improvement of their own work processes.
Basic Theory of Statistical Distributions

The second CHAPTER is devoted to a review of the theory of statistical distribution functions. The main concepts are defined and illustrated with examples. This CHAPTER is provided in order to introduce the basic tools and notations used in the book. It can serve well those who are not familiar with basic mathematical statistics and wish to read the book. The material of the second CHAPTER is presented in a concise form. For further details and complementation we refer to the books of Blum and Rosenblatt (1972), Degroot (1975), Dudewicz (1976), Fisz (1963) and Rohatgi (1976).
Social Media Driven Management Education

Business schools are under growing pressure to engage in significant programmatic reforms in light of the business community's call for web-savvy, problem-solving graduates. Even AACSB has gotten into the reformation act by recommending the adoption of a comprehensive collaboration learning strategy. To meet these and related challenges, many schools of business are turning to social media to provide learning opportunities at a time and place that is convenient to the student. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the growing possibilities for using social media to enhance learning outcomes and to outline strategies for implementing this revolutionary process throughout the management education community of practice.
Underutilization of Living Donor Liver Transplantation in the United States: Bias against MELD 20 and Higher.

Background and Aims: Utilization of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and its relationship with recipient Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) needs further evaluation in the United States (U.S.). We evaluated the association between recipient MELD score at the time of surgery and survival following LDLT.
Nature and the City: changes for the first urban century in the United States

En este articulo panoramico se muestra como se esta abordando hoy la relacion entre ciudad y naturaleza entre los estudiosos y profesionales de Estados Unidos. En el contexto de una "ciudad sin limites" se ordenan las ideas en tomo a cuatro conceptos: ecologia urbana, sostenibilidad, nuevo regionalismo y urbanismo del paisaje, asociados a una comprension mas abierta de los ecosistemas urbanos. La "ecologia urbana" emerge como una aproximacion interdisciplinar para comprender las "reglas, patrones, procesos y resultados" asociados a los paisajes urbanizados. Desde el liderazgo de algunas ciudades como Nueva York, Chicago, Seattle y Portland, se han desarrollado esfuerzos por mejorar lo elementos de la naturaleza en la ciudad desde principios de sostenibilidad. La nueva perspectiva regionalista se manifiesta en los esfuerzos asociados al concepto de mega-region y de megalopolis: una nueva unidad de analisis geografico y una nueva escala para la planificacion. Este nuevo regionalismo representa un movimiento liderado por arquitectos y urbanistas implicando a geografos, demografos y legisladores. Finalmente, el "paisajismo urbano" es un enfoque mas proyectual. Frente a la naturaleza en la ciudad comenzamos a comprender la ecologia de las ciudades: los sistemas urbanos son ecosistemas. Como resultado la naturaleza no puede ya utilizarse como algo decorativo sino como algo esencial que pertenece a la salud y a la resiliencia de los asentamientos humanos.
Analysis of single phase, discrete and mixture models, in predicting nanofluid transport

Abstract A numerical investigation of developing forced convective heat transfer and pressure drop of nanofluid flow inside a tube subject to a constant wall heat flux boundary condition is presented. The single-phase homogenous and two different two-phase models: Lagrangian-Eulerian model or (discrete phase model) and mixture model are utilized with both constant and temperature dependent properties to further investigate and clarify the differences and evaluate the assumption of the single-phase model. The obtained results were subjected to an intensive comparison with the available experimental data and numerical works in the literature. The influence of some important parameters such as, source and sink terms, injected particle mass flow rate, slip velocity, particle forces, Reynolds number, constant or temperature dependent properties and particle concentration on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of nanofluids were determined and discussed in detail. It was observed that the two phase Lagrangian-Eulerian model (DPM) overestimated the heat transfer coefficient values and the results from the mixture model displayed an unrealistic increase in heat transfer particularly for high particle volume fraction. The proposed single phase approach revealed a very good agreement with the experimental data and the maximum difference in the average heat transfer coefficient between the single-phase and DPM was found to be 5.9% considering variable properties. The results also revealed that increasing the injected particle mass flow rate does not have a significant effect on the heat transfer coefficient values and that the particles move with the same velocity of the fluid. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient increases as the particle volume fraction and Reynolds number increases, but it is accompanied by a higher pressure drop and wall shear stress values. DPM model provides a reasonable prediction for the thermal behavior of the nanofluids transport, the single-phase approach with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity is an accurate way to analyze the transport of nanofluids while requiring less CPU usage and memory for predicting the enhancement in nanofluids convective heat transfer.
Melanocytic Matricoma With Consumption of the Epidermis: An Atypical Histologic Attribute or a Malignant Variant?

Abstract:Melanocytic matricoma is a recently described cutaneous adnexal tumor composed of matrical and supramatrical cells admixed with pigmented dendritic melanocytes, thought to recapitulate the anagen bulb of the hair follicle. We report a case of a 75-year-old white man, which demonstrates cons
Firelei Báez: Bloodlines: The Andy Warhol Museum, February 17 – May 21, 2017

Exhibition Review: Exhibition catalog: Maria Elena Ortiz, Firelei Baez: Bloodlines, exh. cat. Text by Maria Elena Ortiz, Naima J. Keith, and Roxane Gay. Miami: Perez Art Museum Miami, 2015. 128 pp.; 65 ills (53 col.). Cloth $35.00 (9780989854672) Exhibition schedule: Perez Art Museum Miami, FL, Oct. 15, 2015 – March 6, 2016; The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh, PA, February 17–May 21, 2017
Activation mechanism of a human SK-calmodulin channel complex elucidated by cryo-EM structures.

Small-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + (SK) channels mediate neuron excitability and are associated with synaptic transmission and plasticity. They also regulate immune responses and the size of blood cells. Activation of SK channels requires calmodulin (CaM), but how CaM binds and opens SK channels has been unclear. Here we report cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of a human SK4-CaM channel complex in closed and activated states at 3.4- and 3.5-angstrom resolution, respectively. Four CaM molecules bind to one channel tetramer. Each lobe of CaM serves a distinct function: The C-lobe binds to the channel constitutively, whereas the N-lobe interacts with the S4-S5 linker in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner. The S4-S5 linker, which contains two distinct helices, undergoes conformational changes upon CaM binding to open the channel pore. These structures reveal the gating mechanism of SK channels and provide a basis for understanding SK channel pharmacology.
I’d rather be a cyborg than a gamerbro: How masculinity mediates research on digital play

This article offers a feminist and media-theoretical approach to ethnographic reflexivity, understood as the researcher’s own agency in shaping encounters with and producing accounts of digital cultures. Looking specifically at male-dominated domains of intensive and competitive play in public sites, such as arcades, local area network (LAN) parties, and eSports tournaments, this article asks: How might masculinity mediate studies of digital play? To address this, I weave together feminist ethnography with materialist media theory, offering an understanding of researcher subjectivity (in this case, my subjectivity) as a media instrument: An assemblage of social locations and learned competencies which does not simply gather, but configures and legitimates, particular knowledges about gaming cultures. Applying this to a problematic instance from fieldwork I conducted at a large-scale gaming event in 2011, I work through the methodological and epistemological quandaries associated with both studying and embodying the social privileges associated with male-dominated media cultures.
Computer science and robotics using the raspberry pi, arduino, and other SBCS

Single Board Computers (SBCs) are a key enabler of the "Maker" movement and have found a place in education. The two dominant SBCs in education, the Arduino and Raspberry Pi, are now commonly used in courses in Engineering, Computer Science, and Robotics [1]-[4]. Their ability to inexpensively work with sensors, servos, Wifi, Bluetooth, audio, video, and images opens opportunities for exciting and engaging projects [5].
Two Lectures on Implementation Under Complete Information: General Results and the Core

What is implementation theory all about? To answer this question we shall follow Moore (1991) by describing a classic problem known as “King Solomon’s Dilemma.” As it happened, two women approached Solomon with a newborn child. Each claimed to be the child’s mother. It was up to Solomon to decide which one was telling the truth. In his wisdom, Solomon had the women lay the child before him. He drew his sword and announced that he would settle the dispute by cutting the child in half. However, just before he brought down his sword the true mother begged that he spare the child’s life and give it to the impostor. Knowing that only the real mother would be willing to give up the child rather than allow it to die, Solomon gave it to her. Such is the nature of an implementation problem which we now describe in rather general terms.
Reducing Nutrient Pollution in the Everglades Agricultural Area through Best Management Practices

Environmental regulation can lead to improvement in environmental quality – sometimes in surprising ways. Some Florida farmers recently have been reducing the level of nutrient pollution discharged from their fields and entering sensitive Florida ecosystems from the level found in the irrigation water they use. They are doing this while continuing to operate their productive farms. Below I describe how this came about. This may be informative to other states with significant agricultural production that may have to confront the challenge of nutrient pollution soon in light of EPA’s priority emphasis on the problem.
Real talk: Using song lyrics to teach perception and the Johari Window

Rap music is an essential component of hip-hop culture and hip-hop pedagogy. The activity uses music, in particular hip-hop music, as a means of teaching the Johari Window. Students were required t...
Arthroplasty for Congenital Hip Deformity

Development dysplasia of the hip is complex problem encompassing a spectrum of anatomical abnormalities. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has emerged as the gold standard for management of secondary osteoarthritis due to hip dysplasia. Unique acetabular and femoral anatomy presents many challenges to reconstructive surgeons. However, the goals of THA for these patients mirror the goals of THA for nondysplastic patients. Classification systems, such as the Crowe and Hartofilakidis systems, have been created to facilitate discussion and management of these unique challenges, and numerous techniques have been described to meet these demands, with the goal of recreating normal anatomy for these patients. On the acetabular side, surgeons aim to restore the native hip center will ensuring adequate acetabular implant coverage, while on the femoral side, they seek to restore normal femoral anteversion and provide equal leg lengths. This article details the various challenges reconstructive surgeons face, and the tools at their disposal to achieve the stated goals. When properly executed, THA for development dysplasia of the hip has shown excellent results, with no difference in outcomes for mildly dysplastic hips, though higher rates of mechanical failure for severely dysplastic hips.
Equipping Community Based Psychologists to Deliver Best Practice ASD Diagnoses Using The ECHO Autism Model

Timely diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is paramount to ensuring access to evidence-based intervention for individuals with ASD and their families, but the receipt of ASD diagnoses conti...
Acoustic Tumors: Viewpoint—Stereotactic Radiotherapy

Despite their benign pathology, acoustic neuromas remain a clinically challenging posterior fossa tumor frequently resulting in hearing loss, tinnitus, vestibular dysfunction, and diminished quality of life. Although advances in microsurgical technique have reduced operative morbidity, a growing number of patients are electing to pursue definitive treatment nonsurgically with stereotactic radiation with outcomes reflecting excellent tumor control and cranial nerve preservation. While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remains the most widely practiced method of stereotactic radiation, an increasing assemblage of institutions have adopted techniques involving fractionation in an effort to improve functional hearing preservation and reduce the morbidity associated with irradiation of large acoustic neuromas. This chapter is devoted to the method of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSR) for the treatment of acoustic neuromas with a discussion of the radiobiological advantages it provides for preservation of cranial nerve function.
Improving Student Presentation Skills Using Asynchronous Video-Based Projects:

Given the central role that excellent presentation skills plays in management, methods for better developing these skills represent an important area of focus in business education. Rapidly evolvin...
Beyond visualizing catch-at-age models: Lessons learned from the r4ss package about software to support stock assessments

Abstract Stock assessment analysts are exploring an increasingly diverse and complex range of models while also facing higher expectations for consistency, documentation, and transparency in reports and management advice, all within a tight timeline. Meeting these goals requires increased efficiency at all steps in the assessment process from data processing, through model development and selection, to report writing and review. Here, we describe one widely used tool that has proven successful in increasing the efficiency of the assessment process: the r4ss package, which supports the use of the Stock Synthesis modeling framework. What began 15 years ago as a tool to provide simple model diagnostics, including plots showing data and model results, has grown into a large collection of R functions to support many aspects of the assessment process. We provide an overview of the r4ss features and illustrate its utility with examples from recent applications. Finally, we discuss lessons learned from the ongoing development of r4ss that can be applied to similar efforts associated with the next generation of stock assessment packages.
Reconstructing genotypes from GWAS Summary Statistics

Abstract The emergence of genomewide association studies (GWAS) has led to the creation of large repositories of human genetic variation, creating enormous opportunities for genetic research and worldwide collaboration. Methods that are based on GWAS summary statistics seek to leverage such records, overcoming barriers that often exist in individual-level data access while also offering significant computational savings. Here, we propose a novel framework that can reconstruct allelic and genotypic counts/frequencies for each SNP from case-control GWAS summary statistics. Our framework is simple and efficient without the need of any complicated underlying assumptions. Illustrating the great potential of this framework we also propose three summary-statistics-based applications implemented in a new software package (ReACt): GWAS meta-analysis (with and without sample overlap), case-case GWAS, and, for the first time, group polygenic risk score (PRS) estimation. We evaluate our methods against the current state-of-the-art on both synthetic data and real genotype data and show high performance in power and error control. Our novel group PRS method based on summary statistics could not be achieved prior to our proposed framework. We demonstrate here the potential applications and advantages of this approach. Our work further highlights the great potential of summary-statistics-based methodologies towards elucidating the genetic background of complex disease and opens up new avenues for research.
Jazz on Tulsa Time: The Remarkable Story of the Network of Flood Mitigation Champions behind the Tulsa Turnaround

AbstractDecades of scholarship and practitioner reflection point to factors that promote local hazard mitigation planning and implementation, collectively forming the standard model of local hazard...