cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comments on the status of Packera crawfordii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a neglected species of the southeastern United States

In 1901 N. L. Britton described Senecio crawfordii, a wetland species of southeastern North America. Although accepted as a species during the first half of the twentieth century, the taxon was treated as a variety of the species now known as Packera paupercula, or Britton’s binomial was reduced to synonymy under that species. However, the taxon’s morphological and ecological distinctness argued for its reinstatement as a species. This work adds a second-step lectotypification and provides a detailed treatment not included in the brief validation and lectotypification of the new combination, P. crawfordii.
Effects of Operating Temperature on the Electrical Performance of a Li-air Battery operated with Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Abstract Li-air cell operated with ionic liquid electrolytes is a very promising energy storage technology for electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle due to several favorable characteristics of ionic liquids. However, Li-air cells that employ room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) electrolytes exhibit poor performance due to limited oxygen solubility and low reactant species mobility. To circumvent these aforementioned drawbacks, we investigated the electrical performance of a Li-air cell with ionic liquid electrolytes operating at high temperature. A continuum based model is used to quantify the performance of the Li-air cell, with an ionic liquid (MPPY-TFSI) electrolyte, as a function of operating temperature. Simulations at the atomistic scale, such as molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to obtain key properties for the continuum model. These properties include electron transfer reaction rate constant, species diffusivity and oxygen solubility. The MD simulations indicate that oxygen solubility in ionic liquid increases with temperature, which is very favorable for high temperature operation. The continuum based cell level simulation results show that the battery performance can be improved significantly by increasing operating temperature. For instance, specific capacity as high as 3000 mAh/g can be achieved at 110 °C operating temperature, which is almost 25 times higher than its counterpart at room temperature. Simulation results also reveal that by increasing the operating temperature, the specific capacity can be improved significantly for high load current density, which is one of the most critical drawbacks in RTIL based Li-air battery. We also studied the effect of cathode thickness on the performance of Li-air battery at different operating temperatures. The transport limitation of oxygen and lithium ions can be alleviated at higher operating temperatures, suggesting that even thicker cathode materials can be used to enhance the cell capacity at elevated temperature.
Modeling the Pyrotechnically-Induced Dissociation of Nitrous Oxide in Closed Vessels

One specific type of automotive airbag inflator produces inflation gases through the exothermic dissociation of nitrous oxide. In this particular application, the nitrous dissociation process is induced by the discharge of pyrotechnic bridge-wire initiators directly into a high pressure gas mixture containing nitrous oxide, argon, and helium. Due to the complex coupling of chemical kinetics, gas dynamics, and thermodynamics, non-equilibrium effects become important in understanding the degree of completion or extent of nitrous oxide dissociation. The objective of this research is to develop a simplified model that accurately describes the pyrotechnically-induced dissociation of nitrous oxide under the high pressure, constant volume conditions typical of those in nitrous oxide based airbag inflators. The nitrous dissociation process is modeled by coupling an existing constant-volume, constant-mass reactor model derived using the First Law of thermodynamics with irreversible first order chemical kinetics. A superposition approach is used to account for the non-uniform heating of nitrous oxide resulting from deposition of the sensible energy released from the pyrotechnic charge. Further, the reactor domain is subdivided into 20 discrete equal volumes in order to simulate localized dissociation and provide an estimate for the overall extent of nitrous dissociation. To check validity of the model, predictions for maximum pressures and extent of nitrous oxide dissociation are compared to experimental measurements. For this purpose, experiments have been performed in a 100 cm 3 isochoric test fixture to determine the extent of dissociation induced by the discharge of a 275 mg zirconium potassium perchlorate (ZPP) pyrotechnic initiator into gas mixtures composed of 70% argon, 20% nitrous oxide, and 10% helium. Experimental conditions encompass initial pressures ranging from 1.72 MPa to 16.2 MPa, gas masses from 2.5 g to 20.5 g, and mixture temperatures from -40°C to 90°C. The model is found to accurately predict both the extent of nitrous dissociation and the maximum dynamic pressures for low density gas mixtures. As gas density increases, analytical predictions begin to deviate from experimentally-derived values. The disagreement between predicted values and experimental data at high initial gas densities is attributed to the selected number of discrete equal volumes subdividing the reactor domain.
3D electromagnetic holographic imaging in offshore petroleum exploration

Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) surveys become widely used in off-shore petroleum exploration. However, the interpretation of the MCSEM data is a very challenging problem because of the enormous amount of computations required in the case of the multi-transmitter and multi-receiver data acquisition systems used in these surveys. In this paper we present a new approach to the solution of this problem based on the method of electromagnetic migration and holographic imaging.
Penrose tilings as jammed solids.

The elastic and vibrational properties of randomized Penrose tilings - lattices exhibiting 5-fold symmetry - are shown to be similar to those of jammed sphere systems.
Is Planting Equitable? An Examination of the Spatial Distribution of Nonprofit Urban Tree-Planting Programs by Canopy Cover, Income, Race, and Ethnicity:

This article examines the spatial distribution of tree-planting projects undertaken by four urban greening nonprofit organizations in the Midwest and Eastern United States. We use a unique data set...
Exploring experience and perspectives of foreign-born direct care workers in dementia care: Accounts of Korean American personal care aides caring for older Korean Americans with dementia symptoms

This focus group study explored experience of Korean American personal care aides caring for older Korean Americans with dementia symptoms. Personal care aides described dementia caregiving as challenging, demanding and stressful, yet they cared for their clients with love and affection, particularly with jeong (i.e., a Korean cultural concept of love, affection, sympathy, and bondage). They learned about dementia mostly through their caregiving experience and expressed their need and strong desire to learn more about dementia. They felt for family struggle and observed family conflict and filial obligation. They advocated the value of personal care aides' involvement in dementia care. This study revealed a pressing need for dementia training for personal care aides and called for an outreach effort to recruit and train direct care workers with potential of providing culturally competent care for traditionally underserved ethnic minorities.
On Prevention of China's Water Pollution and Other Related Issues

The water resources is the foundation natural resource,simultaneously also is the strategic economical resources,and the important component of comprehensive national strength.The water resources already become a short resource during the social economy development,and like a bottleneck which constrains our country to build well-off society,so water pollution preventing and controlling work dynamics to be urgent.This paper proposes related measures to prevent water pollution in view of our country water pollution condition and emphases the implementation of sewage resources strategy.
Family Treatment is Here to Stay: Discussion of Dr. Berlin’s Paper

Dr. Berlin emphasizes how mutual developmental problems in a family may impair a child’s coping with chronic illness. Without stressing it, he is applying an open systems model to family interaction. He also is alluding to the normative critical stages of adult and family development.
Tin Selenide – Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Anodes for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract A simple dry physical grinding and solvent mixing approach was used to prepare tin selenide – multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid as an anode material for high performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The pure tin selenide and their composites with carbon black or graphene oxides were previously reported, however no other groups have reported tin selenide/MWCNT composite as anode materials for LIBs. The new hybrid had superior electrochemical cycling performance with higher reversible (lithiation) capacity of 882 to 651 mA hg −1 over 50 cycles compared to pure tin selenide (602 to 58 mAhg −1 ) or pure MWCNT (339 to 171 mAhg −1 ) electrodes. The enhanced performance of the tin selenide/MWCNT hybrid was attributed to various factors including alleviation of volume change of tin selenide during lithiation/delithiation by nanoscale network of MWCNT which helped to preserve the electrical connectivity between active particles, reversible decomposition of tin selenide, lithiation/delithiation of MWCNTs and conductive electronic transport pathways provided by MWCNTs.
Perceived Social Support and Mental Health among First-Year College Students with Histories of Bullying Victimization

Although childhood bullying victimization is associated with adult depression and anxiety, the majority of previously bullied youth do not develop psychopathology. Identifying protective factors has implications for designing interventions that can support a successful adjustment to emerging adulthood. In this study, we investigate whether perceived social support protects against depression and anxiety among first-year college students who had previously experienced bullying. We collected data from 1474 first-year college students attending four large universities across the United States. Students completed a web-based survey in fall 2012 (Wave 1) and 436 (29.5 %) participated in a follow-up survey in spring 2013 (Wave 2). Participants reported on childhood bullying victimization, current depression and anxiety, and current social support (overall and from family, friends, and significant others). Results indicated that a history of childhood bullying victimization was positively associated with depression and anxiety in both fall and spring. Further, overall social support reported in fall moderated the association between childhood bullying victimization and fall and spring anxiety. Also, higher levels of perceived family support, in particular, buffered previously bullied students’ risk for spring anxiety. Results suggest that perceptions of familial social support during the initial adjustment to college may protect previously bullied first-year students from anxiety during their adjustment to college. Research and clinical implications, study limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Toward Efficient Nucleophilic Azaborine Building Blocks for the Synthesis of B–N Naphthyl (Hetero)arylmethane Isosteres

To develop a method for the synthesis of a class of azaborines, potassium 2-(trifluoroboratomethyl)-2,1-borazaronaphthalenes have been synthesized to serve as nucleophilic building blocks. In palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with (hetero)aryl chlorides they serve to produce a variety of pseudobenzylic (hetero)aryl substituted azaborines. Potassium 2-(trifluoroboratomethyl)-2,1-borazaronaphthalenes are crystalline solids that are more stable than 2-(chloromethyl)-2,1-borazaronaphthalenes and have a broader substrate scope in cross-coupling reactions compared to their pseudobenzylic chloride counterparts.
Automatically Detecting Error Handling Bugs Using Error Specifications

Incorrect error handling in security-sensitive code often leads to severe security vulnerabilities. Implementing correct error handling is repetitive and tedious especially in languages like C that do not support any exception handling primitives. This makes it very easy for the developers to unwittingly introduce error handling bugs. Moreover, error handling bugs are hard to detect and locate using existing bug-finding techniques because many of these bugs do not display any obviously erroneous behaviors (e.g., crash and assertion failure) but cause subtle inaccuracies. In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate EPEX, a tool that uses error specifications to identify and symbolically explore different error paths and reports bugs when any errors are handled incorrectly along these paths. The key insights behind our approach are: (i) real-world programs often handle errors only in a limited number of ways and (ii) most functions have simple and consistent error specifications. This allows us to create a simple oracle that can detect a large class of error handling bugs across a wide range of programs. We evaluated EPEX on 867,000 lines of C Code from four different open-source SSL/TLS libraries (OpenSSL, GnuTLS, mbedTLS, and wolfSSL) and 5 different applications that use SSL/TLS API (Apache httpd, cURL, Wget, LYNX, and Mutt). EPEx discovered 102 new error handling bugs across these programs—at least 53 of which lead to security flaws that break the security guarantees of SSL/TLS. EPEX has a low false positive rate (28 out of 130 reported bugs) as well as a low false negative rate (20 out of 960 reported correct error handling cases).
Neurons of the Central Visual System

Progressive development of the cerebral cortex in mammals in the course of evolution takes place through many interdependent processes. The surface area of the cortex is increased by the formation of fissures and gyri. The fissures and gyri are formed as a result of an increase in the number of neurons and of their long processes forming the white matter. The mass of white matter is increased, particularly on account of association pathways, and this in turn is connected with an increase in the number of pyramidal cells in the cortex. Considerable differentiation takes place in the cortex, with the appearance of new areas and subareas and their corresponding new connections, for thousands of association, commissural, and projection fibers arise from every point of the cortex. As the brain develops, and increases in complexity in response to adaptation to the external environment, the number of layers in the cortex changes. Changes in the architectonics of the brain and in the structure of its layers are a manifestation of neuronal specialization corresponding to the areas and lobes of the brain.
Conclusion: Maintaining Hegemony

For the foreseeable future the US looks likely to remain the one and only truly global power. In extrapolating recent setbacks into a forecast of generalized, systemic decay, today’s case for decline ultimately fails to persuade. Within the global power hierarchy ascendant actors still find themselves situated well below the top rung singularly occupied by the US. Reinforcing this perception is the dustbin of successively invalidated “declinist” hypotheses (Kagan, 2012).
Unilateral pleural effusion in a peritoneal dialysis patient.

Massive pleural effusion is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) which can progress quickly to cause acute respiratory distress. Delay in diagnosis may result in recurrent hospitalisations and expose patients to unnecessary medications and imaging without improvement of symptoms. A 61-year-old woman with history of end-stage renal disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy, on continuous cycling PD for 9 months, hypertension and congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath of 1-week duration associated with …
Bi-layer silk fibroin grafts support functional tissue regeneration in a porcine model of onlay esophagoplasty.

Partial circumferential, full thickness defects of the esophagus can occur as a result of organ perforation, tumor resection, or during surgical reconstruction of strictured segments. Complications associated with autologous tissue flaps conventionally utilized for defect repair necessitate the development of new graft options. In this study, bi-layer silk fibroin (BLSF) scaffolds were investigated for their potential to support functional restoration of partial circumferential defects in a porcine model of esophageal repair. Onlay thoracic esophagoplasty with BLSF matrices (~3 x 1.5 cm) was performed in adult swine (N = 6) for 3 months of implantation. All animals receiving BLSF grafts survived with no complications and were capable of solid food consumption. Radiographic esophagrams revealed preservation of organ continuity with no evidence of contrast extravasation or strictures. Fluoroscopic analysis demonstrated peristaltic contractions. Ex vivo tissue bath studies displayed contractile responses to carbachol, electric field stimulation, and KCl while isoproterenol produced tissue relaxation. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of neotissues showed a stratified, squamous epithelium, a muscularis mucosa composed of smooth muscle bundles, and a muscularis externa organized into circular and longitudinal layers with a mix of striated skeletal muscle fascicles interspersed with smooth muscle. De novo innervation and vascularization were observed throughout the graft sites and consisted of synaptophysin positive neuronal boutons and vessels lined with CD31 positive endothelial cells. The results of this study demonstrate that BLSF scaffolds can facilitate constructive remodeling of partial circumferential, full thickness esophageal defects in a large animal model.
Pathology of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Sarcomas are malignant tumors of connective or other non-epithelial tissue. Sarcomas are divided into two main groups, bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas. They are further subclassified based on the type of presumed cell of origin found in the tumor. Human sarcomas are quite rare, the annual incidence being less than 1% of all malignant tumors. The etiology of most sarcomas is unknown. In rare cases sarcomas can be caused by chemical carcinogens, radiation, viral infections and genetic suceptibility. The diagnosis of most sarcomas can be made preoperatively by an adequate core needle biopsy. All sarcomas should be graded on biopsies to help with the management of these tumors. Immunohistochemical stains and molecular studies for genetic alterations can help in the specific diagnosis of the type of sarcoma in biopsy specimens.
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy: Advanced Techniques and Use of Intraoperative Imaging

Amongst nephron-sparing surgical options for treatment of renal cell carcinoma, partial nephrectomy (PN) is the standard of care. Two recently emerging phenomena in the field of PN surgery are driven by robotic surgery: (a) increased utilization of PN in the field and (b) recent technical innovations in the technical aspects of PN surgery. In this chapter, we discuss advanced techniques for PN surgery, such as tumor-specific super-selective clamping PN and minimal-margin zero-ischemia PN, as well as use of intraoperative imaging modalities, such as laparoscopic Doppler ultrasound and vascular fluorescence imaging with indigo-cyanine dye, that are used to propagate these advanced PN techniques.
Housing Developers: Developing World

This article explores informal housing development and procurement modalities in the developing world, outlining how houses get produced and by whom. While housing modes in the developing world are traditionally divided into binary formal–informal categories, this article structures developer modalities by situating them along a ‘formality continuum’, from informal to formal, with hybrid modes in the middle. Using this continuum this article outlines three informal developer modes: unauthorised owner-occupier self-build of incremental housing in slums and informal settlements; unauthorised land subdivision, typically on the periphery of cities; and rental property, both small-scale households and large-scale commercial landlords. Each modality is discussed with a focus on the underlying process, activities, and actors involved. It is these informal and mostly unplanned housing modalities that constitute the dominant residential development approach in cities in developing countries today.
Modular, asynchronous control structures for a high performance processor

This note has been prepared to provide examples of the use of Petri nets [1] for the description of the control mechanisms of a complex computer, and of the relation between Petri nets and modular, asynchronous control structures [2, 3] that realize them. We hope that familiarity with such examples will lead to understanding of the problem of translating a Petri net specification into an efficient digital system. The example also shows that Petri nets, and asynchronous circuits assembled from the few module types introduced below, are suitable for expressing all control functions found in high performance computer systems.
THE POLITICAL LIFE OF URBAN STREETSCAPES: Naming, Politics, and Place. Edited by Reuben Rose‐redwood Derek Alderman, and Maoz Azaryahu. xxii and 334 pp.: maps, ills. bibliog. index. Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge, 2018. $140.00 (hardcover), isbn 9781472475091.

Cities are, among other things, especially dense concentrations of streets, avenues, and other corridors of movement. Streets serve as the equivalent of a skeletal system that structures urban form...
Pasireotide does not prevent postoperative pancreatic fistula: a prospective study

Abstract Background Pancreatic fistula is a major cause of morbidity after pancreas surgery. In 2014, a single-center, randomized-controlled trial found pasireotide decreased pancreatic fistula rates. However, this finding has not been validated, nor has pasireotide been widely adopted. Methods A single-arm study in 111 consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic resection April 2015–October 2016 was conducted. Beginning immediately before surgery, patients received 900 μg subcutaneous pasireotide twice daily for up to seven days. Fistula rates were compared to 168 historical controls from July 2013 to March 2015. The primary outcome was Grade B/C fistula, as defined by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF). Results There were no significant differences between the pasireotide group and historical controls in demographics, comorbidities, operation type, malignancy, gland texture, or pancreatic duct size. Pasireotide did not reduce fistula rate (15.5% control versus 17.1% pasireotide, p = 0.72). In subgroup analyses of pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy, or patients with soft gland texture and/or small duct size, there was no decrease in fistulas. Thirty-nine patients (38%) experienced dose-limiting nausea. Conclusions In an appropriately-powered, single-institution prospective study, pasireotide was not validated as a preventive measure for pancreatic fistula.
Efficacy of serum procalcitonin to predict spontaneous preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labour: a prospective observational study

A hypothesis of preterm parturition is that the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) may be associated with an inflammatory process. Based on this theory, we have hypothesized that an inflammatory biomarker, procalcitonin (PCT), may be a good predictive marker of sPTB at the admission for threatened preterm labour (TPL). The present study was aimed to investigate the association between serum PCT and sPTB in women with TPL and to evaluate whether PCT levels may predict sPTB in women with TPL within 7 or 14 days. In a prospective observational laboratory-based study, women with singleton pregnancies, TPL between 24 and 36 weeks and intact membranes, were enrolled between January 2014 and June 2016. Participants received routine medical management of TPL (tocolysis with atosiban, antenatal corticosteroids, and biological tests at admission (C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and PCT measured on electrochemiluminescence immunoassay)). The primary endpoint was sPTB before 37 weeks of gestation. The value of serum PCT levels to predict sPTB within 7 or 14 days were evaluated using receiver-operating curves (ROC) analysis. A total of 124 women were included in our study. PCT levels did not statistically differ between women with sPTB (n = 30, 24.2%) and controls (n = 94) (median in ng/mL [interquartile range]: 0.043 [0.02–0.07] compared to 0.042 [0.02–0.13], respectively; P = 0.56). PCT levels did not also statistically differ between women with sPTB within 7 days (n = 7, 5.6%) or 14 days (n = 12, 9.7%) after testing and controls. Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed no difference among PCT levels at admission between 24 and 28 weeks, between 28 and 32 weeks and over 32 weeks, and controls. On the basis of the receiver-operating characteristic curve, the highest sensitivity and specificity corresponded to a PCT concentration of 0.038 ng/mL, with poor predictive values for sPTB within 7 or 14 days. Serum PCT was not relevant to predict sPTB within 7 or 14 days in women admitted with TPL between 24 and 36 weeks, and thus it is not a suitable biological marker to confirm the hypothesis of an inflammatory process associated with preterm parturition. Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01977079 ), Registered 24 October 2013.
A Revision of the Teucrium cubense (Lamiaceae) Complex

Abstract: In 1946 the Teucrium cubense complex was treated as having four subspecies by McClintock and Epling. In the present account these have been treated as distinct species: Teucrium cordobense, T. cubense, T. depressum, and T. laevigatum. An additional species, T. coahuilanum, is described from north-central Mexico, this previously recognized as a North American populational element of T. laevigatum.
Flexible Interconnect Design Using a Mechanically-Focused, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization process using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II that aims to maximize the vertical displacement of MEMS-type mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) while simultaneously preventing these interconnects from experiencing plastic deformation. Given an initial MFI geometric body, this process seeks to optimize the photomask interconnect design so that no modification is required for the existing fabrication process flow. After the design optimization, a reflowed polymer-dome microfabrication process is employed to fabricate the NiW MFIs to provide a more complete analysis of this paper. Simulation data shows that the optimized design can achieve up to 29.7% greater vertical displacement before experiencing plastic deformation relative to the initial design. Experimental data shows an average of 34.2% less vertical plastic deformation relative to the initial design when the MFIs are indented to a depth of $45~\mu \text{m}$ . In both simulation and experimental scenarios, the optimized MFIs demonstrate less stress/plastic deformation relative to the initial MFIs for the same given indented depth. [2017–0229]
Military and Disaster Psychiatry

Property destruction, loss of life or limb, fear, confusion, and the threat of still greater loss are among the stressors that result from both natural disasters such as earthquakes and human-made acts of war or terrorism. The neurobehavioral and emotional consequences for persons caught in the destructive wake of human-made and natural disasters encompass the broad range of human response to trauma. Psychiatric interventions in military operations and in other disasters seek to prevent and mitigate the psychological consequences of trauma. Medical management and mental healthcare strategies applicable in theaters of war, like those applicable in cities destroyed by earthquakes, have been derived from experience in chaotic and austere operational environments far removed from traditional hospital or office-based psychiatric medicine. This chapter examines the operational environments of military and disaster psychiatry, and the emotional and behavioral responses associated with the events that create these environments. The principles of prevention, treatment and mitigation of post-traumatic illness on the battlefield and in the aftermath of disaster are outlined. Finally, emerging cultural, ethical and technological challenges to the practice of military and disaster psychiatry are discussed.
A geometrical criterion for glass transition in soft-sphere fluids

As glass-forming fluids become colder and denser, structural rearrangements become slow and eventually cease. For hard-sphere fluids, percolation of particles unable to change neighbors (T1-inactive particles) signals the glass transition. To investigate this geometrical criterion for mobility in soft-sphere systems, we simulate monodisperse fluids interacting with a generalized Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) potential in metastable equilibrium, using our previously developed crystal-avoiding method. We find that the vanishing diffusivity as the glass transition is approached can be described by a power law below the onset temperature of super-Arrhenius behavior. By mapping the soft spheres to hard spheres based on mean collision energy, we find that the diffusivity versus effective volume fraction curves collapse onto the hard-sphere curve for all systems studied. We find that the onset of super-Arrhenius behavior and the MCT dynamic glass transition correlate well with temperature when the T1-inactive particles form clusters of two particles on average and when the T1-inactive clusters percolate the entire system, respectively. Our findings provide new insight into the structural origin of glassy dynamics.
The Duality of Human Experience: Perspectives From Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability—Empirical Observations and Conceptual Issues:

The authors examine the current views on the duality of the human experience as portrayed within the process of coping with traumatic life events. Emphasis is placed on those views associated with ...
Phase I study of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in combination with irinotecan in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblatoma.

10051 Background: Despite recent progress in neuroblastoma (NBL) therapy, prognosis for relapsed/ refractory NBL remains poor. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor has been shown to be effective by o...
Abstract 3483: The African-specific S47 variant of the p53 tumor suppressor gene alters cell metabolism

The TP53 gene, often referred to as the guardian of the genome, is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. This gene encodes the tumor suppressor p53, a master regulator of various processes such as programmed cell death, growth arrest and senescence. However, there is increasing evidence that highlights the role of p53 in tumor suppression with regards to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Our lab has identified a polymorphic variant of p53 that encodes a serine residue instead of a proline at amino acid 47 (hereafter S47). This variant is most prevalent in African and African-American individuals, and mice and humans carrying this variant have increased cancer risk and impaired response to therapy. Using both mouse models and human cells, we have found that S47 cells have significantly altered metabolism compared to the WT counterpart. Specifically, S47 mice have increased weight and increased lean content compared to WT mice. These mice also show increased fitness in treadmill studies. Analyses of cell metabolism in S47 murine and human cells indicate that S47 cells show increased glycolysis and glycolytic flux, along with increased oxygen consumption rate on a Seahorse analyzer. The combined data support the premise that the S47 variant confers increased cancer risk but also increased metabolic fitness; the latter may explain the high rate of this variant in certain regions of Africa. By clearly elucidating the roles of WT p53 and the S47 variant in the context of metabolism, we hope to uncover new therapeutic avenues and ultimately enable more personalized medicine approaches for individuals who carry this variant. Citation Format: Keerthana Gnanapradeepan, Subhasree Basu, Che-Pei Kung, Thibaut Barnoud, Madeline Good, William Quinn, Joyce Lee, Kathryn Wellen, Zachary Schug, Joseph Baur, Donna George, Maureen Murphy. The African-specific S47 variant of the p53 tumor suppressor gene alters cell metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3483.
The Interface of Semantic Interpretation and Inflectional Realization

Compositionality is ordinarily conceived of as a syntagmatic notion: a complex expression is semantically compositional if its content can be computed from that of its parts and the manner of their combination. Syntactic structures are held to be largely compositional in this sense. In the same way, a word form may be seen as semantically compositional if its content can be computed from that of its parts and the manner of their morphological combination. I examine this notion in §1. I show that despite the fact that many words can be plausibly seen as semantically compositional, there are many words that plainly are not; I suggest, however, that even these words conform to a distinct, paradigmatic conception of compositionality (§2). This novel view of compositionality suggests that in paradigm-based theories of inflection, a paradigm’s cells have two distinct functions: they serve as a basis for both semantic interpretation and inflectional realization (§3). This assumption is the basis for the cell interface model of the nexus of inflectional morphology and semantics. I show, however, that the cell interface model is overly restrictive—that in cases such as that of Latin deponent verbs, the morphosyntactic property set that determines a paradigm cell’s interpretation is distinct from the set that determines its inflectional realization (§4). Such evidence instead favors the paradigm linkage model, in which semantic composition and inflectional realization proceed from cells of different types; in this model, a central task of a language’s inflectional morphology is that of relating cells of these two sorts (§5). Elaborating on this approach, I analyze a more complex mismatch between content and inflectional form in the inflection of Kashmiri verbs (§6). I briefly examine some wider applications of the paradigm linkage hypothesis (§7), summarizing my conclusions in §8.
Sensor Reliability Assessment Model and Cost Analysis : ER: Equipment Reliability and Productivity Enhancements

Equipment failure can cause problems within the semiconductor industry, including product loss or contamination and unscheduled maintenance. In this paper, we apply Weibull analysis on electrochemical sensor failure and suspension data from the last eight years. Further analysis is achieved through breaking down the sensor data by model and chemistry. Using the Weibull parameters calculated and applying them to a simple financial model, we determine which sensor would give the best return on investment (ROI). The results shown in this paper will demonstrate a method for analyzing equipment or component reliability to better determine preventative maintenance practices and equipment selection based on facility operation and costs. It can be applied to a variety of equipment in a fabrication or manufacturing facility to provide a way to better plan for reliability and cost savings.
Homogenization of carbon-nanotube brush electrodes

Abstract Carbon nanotube brushes (carbon nanotubes attached to a current collector) have been proposed for nanoscale electrodes. While the detailed molecular scale physics is important in its own right, often a more useful scale to examine electrode performances is the micro and meso scale continuum. The detailed structure of microscale material parameters results from statistical mechanics and will not be discussed here, rather we focus on the micro scale homogenization to the meso scale wherein material parameters result from a micro scale “cell” problem for a periodic lattice. We apply a matched asymptotic formulation to obtain the meso scale field equations and material parameters. The finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) are employed to solve the micro scale cell problem and the mesoscale field equations, respectively. Numerical results are presented for the electrical potential field and concentration of cations and anions. For a test case, it is observed that a doubling of the electrode area can create a ten-fold increase in the potential which has interesting implications for electrode design.
Greater Austin STEM Ecosystem

The Greater Austin STEM Ecosystem strives to foster deeper collaboration across networks and systems to ensure STEM programming is learner-centered and accessible to all students throughout the Greater Austin. Historically, initiatives such as the STEM Pipeline Collaborative, the Central Texas Summer STEM Funders Collaborative, and the Semiconductor Workforce Development Collaboration fostered ecosystem-wide STEM collaborations and advanced STEM learning. Today, similar volunteer-led, industry-engaged collaborations advance the goals of the Greater Austin STEM Ecosystem through ecosystem-engaged networks, community-wide technology solutions that promote STEM learning opportunities and foster STEM volunteering, and community-wide networking forums, convenings and amplifications. While still in the early stages of defining and assessing ecosystem-wide common metrics, the collaborative efforts are driving increased participation and engagement throughout the STEM community.
Patient Perception of Vaping in the Midst of the Electronic Cigarette and Vaping Product Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Epidemic

Purpose of study EVALI has reached epidemic proportions. With the increasing prevalence, new information has come to light regarding the safety of electronic cigarettes. We investigate the impact of the recent EVALI epidemic on patient perception surrounding vaping. Methods An anonymous survey was developed to evaluate patient perception regarding vaping. The survey was administered to adult patients at various clinics at University of Missouri. A total of 287 survey responses were analyzed. Results In all, 81.5% of respondents reported that e-cigarettes are unsafe, 73.2% did not feel that the absence of THC oils or vitamin E acetate made e-cigarettes safer, and 55.1% felt that e-cigarettes are less safe than traditional cigarettes. A majority (76%) felt that e-cigarettes/vaping products should be more regulated and pose a public health concern. Most surprising, 67.6% of participants answered that they knew somebody who was negatively affected by EVALI. Conclusion The survey responses suggest that the current EVALI epidemic is changing the public's perception and the narrative surrounding safety of e-cigarettes and vaping products.
Infarction of the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum in the Age of COVID-19: A Snapshot in Time.

Background and Purpose: Ischemic infarction of the corpus callosum is rare and infarction isolated to the corpus callosum alone rarer still, accounting for much <1% of ischemic stroke in most strok...
Management of Heart Failure Care In Rural West Virginia: A Primary Care Perspective

Introduction Geographically dispersed patient populations, provider shortages, and deficits in ancillary services makes optimal heart failure care challenging for patients residing in rural communities. Providing effective care to this complex patient population requires significant knowledge, as well as ample time and availability of complementary, ancillary services. We developed a survey for heart failure care providers in rural West Virginia to self report knowledge of guideline directed care and to evaluate access and use of resources necessary for optimal heart failure management. Methods The 2019 West Virginia Practice-Based Research Network (WVPBRN) Collective Outreach and Research Engagement (CORE) Survey was uploaded to REDCap and distributed to healthcare providers in the Network via email, social media postings, and newsletter announcements. Out of Network non-members in West Virginia (WV) were also encouraged to respond. Survey responses were anonymous and later analyzed by the WV Clinical and Translational Science Institute. Results A total of 41 primary care providers (71% physicians and 29% CRNP, PA, or RN) anonymously responded to the survey. While the majority of respondents practice in rural WV counties, 85% practiced within 10 miles of a hospital. Despite this finding, a great majority of respondents were the main provider of heart failure care, with 76% regularly starting or adjusting heart failure medications. Only 21% of providers stated that their patients had echocardiogram performed in a cardiologist office with the remainder being performed at the local hospital. With respect to knowledge of GDMT, 22% felt they had excellent knowledge, 76% had average knowledge and 2% had poor knowledge. Time spent caring for patients was 20 minutes or less by 76% of providers and 63% of them felt that they needed more time to provide the care required of these patients. With respect to access to multidisciplinary care, most providers 71% had adequate access to a pharmacist, but only 27% had access to a dietician. Conclusions Primary care providers appear to provide the majority of care for patients with heart failure in the rural community irregardless of proximity to a hospital. Opportunity exists to increase knowledge in these providers and to provide better access to ancillary services such a as pharmacists and dietitians which could alleviate the perception that more time is required to provide quality care in rural WV.
emCallivelia/em, a new genus for certain Neotropical Veliinae (Heteroptera: Veliidae), including description of a new species.

The new genus Callivelia is proposed to hold three Neotropical species previously held within Paravelia: type-species Callivelia conata (Hungerford), Callivelia taipiensis (Cheesman) and Callivelia bipunctata (Rodrigues, Moreira, Nieser, Chen & Melo). Paravelia virtutis (Drake & Harris) 1935 is synonymized under Callivelia taipiensis (Cheesman) 1926. In addition, a new species, C. anomala, is described from the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Additional distributional records are provided for the three previously described species treated, including the first country record for C. bipunctata in Paraguay. A key to the species of Callivelia is provided, accompanied by color habitus photographs for all three species, and additional photographs of key generic characters.
NATO Communications & Information Systems Group (NCISG)

NATO has three dedicated signal battalions. These units have headquarters located in Wesel, Germany (1st NATO Signal Battalion); Grazzanise, Italy (2nd NATO Signal Battalion); and Bydgoszcz, Poland (3rd NATO Signal Battalion). Under the command of the NATO Communications and Information Systems Group (NCISG), these units provide NATO with a communication capability that encompasses computer information systems (CIS) support to deployable headquarters along with cellular, satellite, and voice systems. These signal battalions have the ability to provide deployable headquarters with both unclassified and secret communication capability allowing forces to speak and transmit data to other formations globally. This chapter provides granularity into what these organizations can do.
D-SCRIPT translates genome to phenome with sequence-based, structure-aware, genome-scale predictions of protein-protein interactions.

Summary We combine advances in neural language modeling and structurally motivated design to develop D-SCRIPT, an interpretable and generalizable deep-learning model, which predicts interaction between two proteins using only their sequence and maintains high accuracy with limited training data and across species. We show that a D-SCRIPT model trained on 38,345 human PPIs enables significantly improved functional characterization of fly proteins compared with the state-of-the-art approach. Evaluating the same D-SCRIPT model on protein complexes with known 3D structure, we find that the inter-protein contact map output by D-SCRIPT has significant overlap with the ground truth. We apply D-SCRIPT to screen for PPIs in cow (Bos taurus) at a genome-wide scale and focusing on rumen physiology, identify functional gene modules related to metabolism and immune response. The predicted interactions can then be leveraged for function prediction at scale, addressing the genome-to-phenome challenge, especially in species where little data are available.
Branching Process Techniques

We first briefly review the elementary theory of branching processes and then develop the kind of generalization required here. Let Mn be the total number of particles at time n and let xj,n be the number of particles that the jth of these Mn particles splits into from time n to n +1. Assume that {xj,n}, 1 ≤ j ≤ Mn, 0 ≤ n ≤ ∞ all independent and identically distributed with the same distribution as M1. We have (4.31)
Methods for Using Nymphs of Burrowing Mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Hexagenia ) as Toxicity Test Organisms

Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia), which are widespread in the Western Hemisphere, are important members of aquatic ecosystems, where they convert organic detritus and its contained biota into food for many fish species. Their distribution has been altered by pollution, and they offer distinct advantages over fish as concentrators and indicators of aquatic contamination. Their biology is well known. Because they are easily cultured, handled, and observed, Hexagenia nymphs are excellent toxicity test organisms, When supplied with inert artificial substrates, nymphs are useful in a variety of static and flow-through bioassay procedures (acute or chronic).
Hierarchical flowgraph integration for VLSI array processors

The structural properties of parallel recursive algorithms point to the feasibility of a Hierarchical Flow-graph integration (HIFI) design method for VLSI array processor design. The Hierarchical approach allows the designer to focus attention at the appropriate level of detail. Flow-graphs are used because they offer a powerful and convenient tool for describing many signal processing algorithms. Integration is used here to mean top-down integration - from algorithm analysis to VLSI array - as opposed to merely an integration of electronic components. The HIFI method is proposed as a design and description tool aiming specially at VLSI arrays for signal processing algorithms. The major issues involved are: the recursive algorithm decomposition, abstract notations, flow-graph (structural) and functional (behavior) description, temporal and structural decomposition, bi-directional mapping between graphic and textual codes, simulation and verification tools, and mapping from virtual array to actual architecture.
Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry (Trir) for Characterization of Impact Damage in Composite Materials

A quantitative thermographie NDE technique for the characterization of impact damage in composite materials is under development along with supporting theoretical analysis. We have previously shown that the technique of time-resolved infrared radiometry (TRIR) is an effective method for quantitatively detecting coating thickness variations and for characterizing the degree of coating disbonding in terms of equivalent air gaps [1,2]. Here we extend the TRIR technique to the study of composite systems by applying the results of a multilayer analytical model [3]. Experimental results in both simple and hybrid composite systems are discussed. The depth and lateral extent of interlaminar separation in composites subjected to impact loading is presented and the use of lateral heat flow techniques to image defect structures is examined.