cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trail-following behavior by males of the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz)

Male spiders are able to detect and respond to chemical cues deposited by females in the environment. In many species, detection of these chemicals may be the first indication a male has to the presence of a nearby female. In wolf spiders (Lycosidae), which do not produce webs, females leave a trail of silk and chemical cues as they move through the leaf-litter habitat. Males could increase encounter rates with receptive females if they were able to follow these trails. We used behavioral assays to determine whether male Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) wolf spiders are able to detect and respond to cues resulting from a single-pass trail by a female, and whether they are able to determine the direction of female travel. Our focal males responded to virgin adult female trails with following behavior, but showed no propensity to follow trails from other conspecifics (subadult females or males). While males were able to follow a female trail, our observations and analysis indicates that they are not able to determine trail directionality.
Femoral Cortical Drilling for the Relief of Pain Due to Degenerative Arthritis of the Hip

A review of the literature concerning the femoral cortical drilling or forage procedure was presented. Nine patients (ten hips) had immediate cessation of pain, but at the end of two years there was only one good result. Five patients had further operative procedures at the end of one year. The femoral cortical drilling procedure in our hands failed to relieve pain in degenerative hip disease.
An assessment of supply chain disruption mitigation strategies

Abstract We assess the effectiveness of incorporating three types of redundancy practices (pre-positioning inventory, backup suppliers, and protected suppliers) into a firm’s supply chain that is exposed to ttwo types of risk: supply risk and environmental risk. Supply risk disrupts an individual supplier, while environmental risk makes a number of suppliers in a given region unavailable. An additional factor is supplier interdependence, where a disruption in one supplier may also disrupt other active suppliers. Utilizing the concept of a decision tree to capture different disruption scenarios, we develop a two-stage mixed-integer programming (two-stage MIP) model as a General Model to address the problem of supplier selection and order allocation under supplier dependencies and risk of disruptions. In the General Model, multi-sourcing is the only supplier strategy that the firm implements. Then we develop three separate extensions of the General Model, one for each of the three redundancy practices, and evaluate the expected supply chain cost of each extended model. We quantitatively show how adding redundancy to the supply chain in different forms, along with contingency plans, can help firms mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions. The findings suggest that all three strategies reduce costs and risks compared to the General Model. An analysis of reliability, risks, dependence, and costs is conducted on each strategy to provide insights into supplier selection, demand allocation, and capability development in a supply chain under supply chain risks. Finally, we show that regionalizing a supply chain is an effective way to mitigate the negative impacts of environmental disruptions on the supply chain.
Status of Inclusive Educational Placement for Students With Extensive and Pervasive Support Needs

Abstract Reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 2004 established procedural mandates and accountability requirements ensuring all students with disabilities pa...
Price risks for biofuel producers in a deregulated market

Abstract In a deregulated fuels market, biofuels and fossil fuels are close substitutes. Without blend mandates or flexible subsidy schemes, biofuels will lose competitiveness in times of low oil prices or expensive feedstock prices. This paper provides a quantitative outlook of a potential post-mandate era for the US biofuels industry and highlights the importance of focusing on the random nature of feedstock and gasoline prices. The calibrated gasoline/ethanol model predicts that under all likely scenarios the distribution of profits for a representative ethanol unit will be in the range of −2$/g to 2$/g. We also observe that even with a sufficient subsidy to keep the average ethanol price competitive, ethanol plants may shut-down 40%–60% of the time. The skewness of ethanol producer's profit is in the range of 2.3–2.5, in contrast to the 0.91 skewness of corn feedstock prices. We discuss the effects of improved technical efficiency, higher subsidies, willingness to pay, and price volatility on ethanol plant shutdown frequency. A set of possible risk management strategies to protect the biofuels sector in a deregulate scenario is offered.
Longitudinal Correlates of Maternal Depression Among Mothers of Children With or Without Intellectual Disability.

Abstract This study identified trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with or without intellectual disability longitudinally across eight time points. Results of fitting a linear growth model to the data from child ages 3–9 indicated that child behavior problems, negative financial impact, and low dispositional optimism all significantly related to initial maternal depressive symptoms. Child behavior problems were significantly associated with changes in depressive symptoms over time, relating above and beyond child disability status. When looking from late childhood into early adolescence, hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that maternal depressive symptoms at child age 9 and perceived financial impact significantly related to maternal depressive symptoms at child age 13. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
SoK: RFID-based Clone Detection Mechanisms for Supply Chains

Clone product injection into supply chains causes serious problems for industry and customers. Many mechanisms have been introduced to detect clone products in supply chains which make use of RFID technologies. This article gives an overview of these mechanisms, categorizes them by hardware change requirements, and compares their attributes.
Identification of recent cases of hepatitis C virus infection using physical-chemical properties of hypervariable region 1 and a radial basis function neural network classifier.

Identification of acute or recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is important for detecting outbreaks and devising timely public health interventions for interruption of transmission. Epidemiological investigations and chemistry-based laboratory tests are 2 main approaches that are available for identification of acute HCV infection. However, owing to complexity, both approaches are not efficient. Here, we describe a new sequence alignment-free method to discriminate between recent (R) and chronic (C) HCV infection using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data derived from the HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1). Using dinucleotide auto correlation (DAC), we identified physical-chemical (PhyChem) features of HVR1 variants. Significant (p < 9.58 × 10−4) differences in the means and frequency distributions of PhyChem features were found between HVR1 variants sampled from patients with recent vs chronic (R/C) infection. Moreover, the R-associated variants were found to occupy distinct and discrete PhyChem spaces. A radial basis function neural network classifier trained on the PhyChem features of intra-host HVR1 variants accurately classified R/C-HVR1 variants (classification accuracy (CA) = 94.85%; area under the ROC curve, AUROC = 0.979), in 10-fold cross-validation). The classifier was accurate in assigning individual HVR1 variants to R/C-classes in the testing set (CA = 84.15%; AUROC = 0.912) and in detection of infection duration (R/C-class) in patients (CA = 88.45%). Statistical tests and evaluation of the classifier on randomly-labeled datasets indicate that classifiers’ CA is robust (p < 0.001) and unlikely due to random correlations (CA = 59.04% and AUROC = 0.50). The PhyChem features of intra-host HVR1 variants are strongly associated with the duration of HCV infection. Application of the PhyChem biomarkers to models for detection of the R/C-state of HCV infection in patients offers a new opportunity for detection of outbreaks and for molecular surveillance. The method will be available at https://webappx.cdc.gov/GHOST/ to the authenticated users of Global Hepatitis Outbreak and Surveillance Technology (GHOST) for further testing and validation.
Characterization of ductility of field-aged petroleum asphalt

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the ductility properties of sixty-nine different types of asphalt extracted from the field projects using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) monotonic and oscillation test. These extracted asphalts were subjected to field aging. The ductility of asphalt mixture was also characterized by indirect tensile test. It was found that test temperature had effect on property measurement. Failure strain measured at 5°C from monotonic test correlated well with DSR function measured from oscillation test. Both higher failure strain and lower DSR function indicated a better ductility of asphalt, and were also indicative of ductility of asphalt mixture. Failure strain would be potentially used to separate polymer-modified asphalt from non-polymer-modified asphalt.
A New Chemical Marker-Model Food System for Heating Pattern Determination of Microwave-Assisted Pasteurization Processes

New chemical marker-model food systems with d-ribose and NaOH precursors as color indicators and gellan gels as chemical marker carrier were explored for the assessment of the heating pattern of in packaged foods processed in microwave-assisted pasteurization system (MAPS). In determining appropriate precursor concentrations, a solution of 2% (w/w) d-ribose and 60 mM NaOH was heated at 60–90 °C for 0–20 min. The solution absorbance at 420 nm increased linearly, while the color parameters L* decreased linearly with heating time at all processing temperatures. In storage, the produced brown color was stable at 4 and 22 °C within 7 days. The new chemical marker-model foods were prepared by mixing 2% (w/w) d-ribose and 60 mM NaOH with 1% (w/v) low-acyl gellan gum and 20 mM CaCl2·2H2O solution. The dielectric constant of the model food samples decreased with the addition of sucrose, and the loss factors increased with the addition of salt. After processing in the pilot MAPS, the heating pattern and cold and hot spots in the new chemical marker-model food system could be clearly recognized and precisely located through a computer vision method. This is the first time that the caramelization reaction was used as a time-temperature indicator in gellan gel model food. This study shows the possibility of using the new chemical marker-model food system for heating pattern determination of the MAPS.
Complex association between social support and chemotherapy-related toxicities in older cancer patients.

10036Background: Our study aims to evaluate the relationship between social support (SS) and chemotherapy-related toxicities (CRT) among older cancer patients. We hypothesized that patients with po...
Genomics for Genetic Rescue

Genetic rescue, where new alleles cause increased population growth, has successfully reversed population declines in several iconic species. Concerns over outbreeding depression and genomic swamping limit this technique’s application in wildlife management. New genomic approaches can improve the implementation and monitoring of genetic rescue, making it an even more effective management strategy. In planning stages, genomics can help identify populations that would benefit most from augmented gene flow and populations and individuals that would be the best sources. After augmented gene flow, genomics can be used to monitor the outcome of genetic rescue and determine if and when additional gene flow is needed. Here, we outline specific ways in which genomics can be used to (1) test for inbreeding and inbreeding depression; (2) predict the probability that gene flow will cause outbreeding depression versus genetic rescue; (3) monitor the results of assisted gene flow; and (4) determine the genetic architecture underlying genetic rescue to improve future attempts. We conclude by outlining recommendations on how genomic data can be used to improve the effectiveness of genetic rescue and reduce uncertainty about its outcome.
When do environmental regulations backfire? Onsite industrial electricity generation, energy efficiency and policy instruments

Abstract More than half of all energy produced by electric utilities is lost in the form of waste heat. However, when manufacturing facilities choose to produce their own electricity, this waste heat is captured by Combined Heating and Power (CHP) technologies and used in the production process. As a result, manufacturers' pollution footprint can be dramatically reduced by choosing to produce electricity onsite rather than purchasing it from a utility. This paper uses Census microdata to study manufacturers’ decision to produce electricity onsite and examines how plants adjust onsite generation when they are subject to environmental regulations. Environmental regulations will backfire if they cause manufacturers to produce less electricity onsite and shift to electricity from less efficient, offsite electric utilities. We find that manufacturing plants subject to NOx command-and-control regulations decrease onsite electricity generation, increase electricity purchases from off-site utilities and see declines in their energy efficiency. However, manufacturers subject to cap-and-trade see no decline in onsite generation and experience improvements in energy efficiency. These findings demonstrate the importance of instrument selection and identify a new pathway through which emissions leakage may occur.
Pitch Shifting With the Commercially Available Eventide Eclipse: Intended and Unintended Changes to the Speech Signal.

Purpose This study details the intended and unintended consequences of pitch shifting with the commercially available Eventide Eclipse. Method Ten vocally healthy participants (M = 22.0 years; 6 ci...
The Prognostic Value of Interim PET Scan in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract 1529 The interim PET scan has prognostic value in pts with cHL. Because the outcome of ptswho have positive interim PET scans was dismal in previous reports, multiple clinical trials are ongoing using the interim PET to guide treatment decisions, but these are mostly non-randomized studies. We performed a retrospective study analyzing the prognostic role of the interim PET scan for predicting event free survival (EFS) for early stage (I and II non-bulky) and advanced stage (II-bulky, III and IV) cHL treated with standard ABVD with or without radiation therapy. This study was approved by the institutional review board. Interim PET results (positive or negative) were collected from the clinical reports of PET scans which were based on visual interpretation. A total of 327 pts diagnosed between 01/2001 and 05/2011, and had interim PET scan after 2 (PET2; n=231) or 3 (PET3; n=96) cycles were reviewed. The median follow up duration of surviving pts was 45 months (range 2–130 months). For pts with advanced stage disease, 5-year EFS rates in PET2-negative (n=79) and PET2-positive (n=20) groups were 75% and 54%, respectively (p=0.027). For pts with low IPS scores (0–2), 5-year EFS rates in PET2-negative (n=60) and PET2-positive (n=15) groups were 77% and 53%, respectively (p=0.02). For pts with high IPS scores (3–7), 5-year EFS rates in PET2-negative (n=19) and PET2-positive (n=5) groups were 69% and 50%, respectively (p=0.76). In pts with early stage disease, 5-year EFS rates in PET2-negative (n=107) and PET2-positive (n=25) groups were 98% and 65%, respectively (p<0.01). PET3 had little prognostic value for EFS for pts with early stage or advanced stage diseases, though the number of pts analyzed was smaller. There have been significant changes in PET technology, methodology, and interpretation criteria. To minimize these factors, we next selected 118 pts whose PET2 were performed between 03/2008 and 05/2011. The PET scans from theres patients were blindly and independently re-reviewed without information on clinical outcome, by two nuclear radiologist based on Deauville criteria. For pts with advanced stage disease, 2-year EFS rates for pts with negative PET2 (n=47) and positive PET2 (n=5) scans were 68% and 60%, respectively (p=0.59). For pts with early stage diseases, 2-year EFS rates for pts with negative PET2 (n=55) and positive PET2 (n=11) scans were 98% and 47%, respectively (p<0.01). In conclusion, this study confirmed that PET2 results remain prognostic, not only for advanced stage disease but more significantly for early stage cHL. However, pts with advanced stage disease whose PET2 was positive had 5-year EFS of 54% (2001–2011), which seems far better than previous reports. Interim-PET guided treatment decisions are not currently recommended outside of clinical trials. Randomized trials will be required to determine whether change of therapy based on PET2 status will improve treatment outcome. ![Figure][1] Disclosures: Fanale: MedImmune: Research Funding. [1]: pending:yes
The association of provider and practice factors with HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence.

Objective:While antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to patients with HIV, there is substantial variation in adherence nationally. We assess how provider and practice factors contribute to successful HIV ART adherence.Design:We used Medicaid Analytic Extract claims from 2008 to 2012. We attribu
Advance care planning for vulnerable older adults within an Accountable Care Organization: study protocol for the IMPACT randomised controlled trial.

Introduction Patients with multimorbidity plus additional impairments (eg, mobility limitations, disability, cognitive impairments or frailty) are at the highest risk for poor healthcare outcomes. Advanced care planning (ACP) provides patients and their surrogates the opportunity to discuss their goals, values and priorities for healthcare—particularly in the context of end-of-life care. ACP discussions promote more person-centred care; however, it is currently underused. There is a tremendous need for systematic, scalable approaches to individualised ACP that promotes patient and family engagement. Here we describe the study protocol for a randomised effectiveness trial of a nurse navigator and informatics intervention designed to improve the documentation and quality of ACP discussions. Methods and analysis This is a randomised, pragmatic, effectiveness trial; patients aged 65 years and older who have multimorbidity plus impairments in either physical function (eg, mobility limitations or disability) or cognition, and/or frailty within an affiliated Accountable Care Organization were eligible. The electronic health record was used to develop an automatic prescreening system for eligible patients (n=765) and participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the nurse navigator-led ACP pathway or usual care. Our primary outcomes are documentation of ACP discussions within the EHR along with the quality of ACP discussions. Secondary outcomes include a broad range of ACP actions (eg, usage of ACP billing codes, choosing a surrogate decision-maker and advance directive documentation). Outcomes will be measured over 12 months of follow-up. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Boards and is guided by input from patient and clinical advisory boards. The results of this study will inform a scalable solution to ACP discussions throughout our healthcare system and statewide. Trials registration number NCT03609658.
A Recent Starbust in the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy UGC 628

We present the star-formation history of the low surface brightness (LSB) galaxy UGC 628 as part of the MUSCEL program (MUltiwavelength observations of the Structure, Chemistry, and Evolution of LSB galaxies). The star-formation histories of LSB galaxies represent a significant gap in our knowledge of galaxy assembly, with implications for dark matter / baryon feedback, IGM gas accretion, and the physics of star formation in low metallicity environments. Our program uses ground-based IFU spectra in tandem with space-based UV and IR imaging to determine the star-formation histories of LSB galaxies in a spatially resolved fashion. In this work we present the fitted history of our first target to demonstrate our techniques and methodology. Our technique splits the history of this galaxy into 15 semi-logarithmically spaced timesteps. Within each timestep the star-formation rate of each spaxel is assumed constant. We then determine the set of 15 star-formation rates that best recreate the spectra and photometry measured in each spaxel. Our main findings with respect to UGC 628 are: a) the visible properties of UGC 628 have varied over time, appearing as a high surface brightness spiral earlier than 8 Gyr ago and a starburst galaxy during a recent episode of star formation several tens of Myr ago, b) the central bar/core region was established early, around 8-10 Gyr ago, but has been largely inactive since, and c) star formation in the past 3 Gyr is best characterised as patchy and sporadic.
Trends in Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is comprised of various types of cancers involving multiple subsites including the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and salivary glands. In this chapter, we will set the stage for the impact of various head and neck cancers with an emphasis on epidemiologic trends, changes in treatment strategy, and novel insights. Generally, cutaneous malignancies and thyroid cancers are grouped separately from head and neck cancers as they are each a robust category in their own right; however we do include discussion of thyroid malignancies in this chapter. Each subsite has its own unique etiology, anatomy, function, and lymphatic drainage patterns as well as its own treatment algorithms. Despite trends in many developed countries toward decreasing rates of tobacco exposure, recent trends in malignancies of the head and neck region reveal drastic increases in the incidences of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer and papillary thyroid cancer. Concurrently, novel treatment strategies have arisen including surgical approaches like TORS for OPSCC that considerably minimize postoperative morbidity and active surveillance for very small PTC. Additionally, the use of adjuvant therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, and radioactive iodine are being examined to determine if de-escalation of therapy will allow for less treatment-associated morbidity while maintaining excellent survival for select patients. While overall mortality from head and neck cancer is low, there is considerable treatment-associated morbidity which is both cosmetic and functional. The organs with which we communicate both verbally and nonverbally with the world around us and with which we experience the world through taste, smell, and sight can be compromised both by tumors themselves and treatment-related side effects. Mortality is therefore not the only measure upon which we should focus our efforts when treating head and neck cancer patients and developing new treatments.
A spatial life cycle cost assessment of stormwater management systems

Although widely implemented, the research and understanding of the economic impacts and benefits of green infrastructure (GI) systems remain limited. Currently, few studies have investigated the economics of GI systems from a spatial perspective and typically opportunity costs related to land and property tax were ignored. This study aims at bridging these gaps by investigating both the equivalent annual costs (EAC) and cost effectiveness of seven GI systems and compare them against local wastewater treatment facilities in five different US cities. To do this, we utilized capital and maintenance cost data obtained from GI systems that are currently installed at the University of New Hampshire. The costing data were then extrapolated across five different cities considering reported local material, land, tax, and labor rates. A system dynamics model was utilized to calculate the total stormwater reduction as well as the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous removed by each GI system over its life cycle under a certain city setting. Based upon these outcomes, the cost effectiveness (CE) in terms of stormwater reduction, nitrogen treatment, and phosphorous treatment of the GI systems was calculated. Land and tax costs were found to be a significant component of the EAC for GI systems with larger footprints in cities with higher property values, accounting for up to 78% in some cities. The rankings of the GI systems differ significantly when different types of cost effectiveness are under consideration. The tree filter performs the best when the CE is calculated based on stormwater reductions, while the subsurface gravel wetland performs the best considering nitrogen treatment, and either the subsurface gravel wetland or the sand filter performs the best considering phosphorous treatment. Our study suggests recommendations of GI systems need to be made based on local needs and issues to achieve the most cost-effective solution.
Symbolic Execution and Quantitative Reasoning: Applications to Software Safety and Security

Abstract This book reviews recent advances in symbolic execution and its probabilistic variant and discusses how they can be used to ensure the safety and security of software systems. Symbolic exe...
PSB-RNN: a processing-in-memory systolic array architecture using block circulant matrices for recurrent neural networks

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are widely used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications as they inherently capture contextual information across spatial and temporal dimensions. Compared to other classes of neural networks, RNNs have more weight parameters as they primarily consist of fully connected layers. Recently, several techniques such as weight pruning, zero-skipping, and block circulant compression have been introduced to reduce the storage and access requirements of RNN weight parameters. In this work, we present a ReRAM crossbar based processing-in-memory (PIM) architecture with systolic dataflow incorporating block circulant compression for RNNs. The block circulant compression decomposes the operations in a fully connected layer into a series of Fourier transforms and point-wise operations resulting in reduced space and computational complexity. We formulate the Fourier transform and point-wise operations into in-situ multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations mapped to ReRAM crossbars for high energy efficiency and throughput. We also incorporate systolic dataflow for communication within the crossbar arrays, in contrast to broadcast and multicast communications, to further improve energy efficiency. The proposed architecture achieves average improvements in compute efficiency of 44x and 17x over a custom FPGA architecture and conventional crossbar based architecture implementations, respectively.
Impact of Course Delivery Mode on Learner Engagement in MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) generally have two modes of course delivery: the instructor-paced mode with multiple fixed deadlines to complete assessments or the self-paced mode with a final deadline when the course closes. Many MOOC platform providers have shifted from delivering courses in instructor-paced mode to self-paced mode, assuming that a longer, flexible schedule allows learners to better engage with and complete courses. Although this question of self-paced versus instructor-paced is not new, the answer is still relevant given that studies comparing the two course delivery modes of MOOCs provided mixed results and the pressure to run all MOOCs as self-paced. In this study, we took a deeper look into learner engagement differences between the two course delivery modes for one quantitative biology course and one computer programming course. Despite the differences in enrollment numbers and content, we found similar trends between both courses involving benefits to instructor-paced over self-paced delivery, especially when evaluating more engaged behaviors like posting to the discussion forum or submitting a problem answer. Interestingly, most completers finished the courses across 80-90% of the available days in an instructor-paced run. For self-paced runs, the median range of time a completer was active was less than one fifth of the time the course was open, but some completers did take advantage of finishing the course in a smaller or maximum window of time. We also found that most completers were active a similar total number of days in self-paced and instructor-paced course runs, despite having more days available in the self-paced runs and that the activity per day per completer was lower in self-paced delivery mode for both courses.
Social-Contextual Predictors of Early Adolescents’ Responses to Peer Victimization: Introduction to the Special Issue:

How youth cope with peer victimization affects their psychosocial adjustment. Although coping processes can be facilitated or hindered by the relational context, social-contextual correlates of cop...
Potato Viruses with Soil-borne Vectors

Only general aspects on the biology of soil-borne vectors and their viruses relative to seed potato production will be addressed in this chapter. More detailed information on this topic can be found in several excellent review articles and texts published in recent years (Harrison, 1977; Trudgill et al. 1983; de Bokx and van der Want, 1987; Jones, 1988; Brown et al. 1989; Adams, 1991; Ploeg et al. 1992; Mayo et al. 1995; Brown et al. 1995; Decraemer, 1995; Taylor and Brown, 1997).
454. Healthcare Workers with COVID-19 infection: Experience from a Designated COVID-19 Clinic

Background: Healthcare workers (HCW) are at the frontline of the COVID- 19 pandemic, risking infection through hospital contacts Data regarding predisposing factors in the healthcare field is limited In this study, we characterized presenting symptoms, occupation and hospitalizations for HCW who tested COVID-19 positive Methods: This is a retrospective study of HCW who presented for screening to a designated COVID-19 clinic at the largest hospital in Washington, DC between 3/13/20 - 5/28/20 Variables extracted included profession, exposure, presenting symptoms, past medical history and outcomes Univariate analysis was performed using Fischer's exact tests, with significance defined as p < 0 05 IRB approval was obtained Results: There were a total of 881 HCW who presented for COVID-19 testing: 316 (35 8%) tested positive;216 (68 4%) were female, mean age was 39 Cough was the most common presenting symptom (92 7%), followed by subjective fever (63 3%), myalgia (57 9%), and chills (46 8%)(Fig 1) RNs [110 (34 8%)] and physicians [39 (12 3%)] accounted for nearly 50% of cases Hospitalizations occurred in 22(6 9%);2(0 6%) died from COVID-19 See Fig 2 for symptoms associated with hospitalizations African Americans (OR 4 52, CI95 1 54-12 50), and those with hypertension (3 14, 1 32-7 23) and obesity (2 98, 1 25-6 89) were more likely to be hospitalized Conclusion: HCW remain at risk for COVID-19 infection with respiratory and constitutional symptoms as the most common presentation RNs were among the most affected This study supports other reports that African Americans and those with pre-existing comorbidities have greater morbidity with COVID-19 - we have documented that these inequities are also prevalent amongst HCW This should be considered when testing for and implementing practices to avoid risk of COVID-19 among HCW (Figure Presented)
Differences in Instructor, Presenter, and Audience Ratings of PechaKucha and Traditional Student Presentations

Background:Recent evidence suggests PechaKucha—a presentation style utilizing simplified visuals, narration, and rigid time constraints—may promote various learning outcomes and instructor goals be...
MRI-Based Measures of Intracortical Myelin Content are Sensitive to the Severity of a Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) induce persistent behavioral and cognitive deficits via diffuse axonal injury. Such axonal injuries are often examined in vivo using diffusion MRI, which identifies demyelinated regions in deep white matter. However, TBI patients can exhibit impairment in the absence of diffusion-measured abnormalities, suggesting that axonal injury and demyelination may occur outside the deep white matter. Importantly, myelinated axons are also present within the cortex. Cortical myelination cannot be measured using diffusion imaging, but can be assessed using the T1/T2 ratio myelin mapping method. Here, we conducted the first work examining effects of TBI on intracortical myelin in living humans by applying the myelin mapping technique to 26 US Military Veterans with varying histories of TBI severity. We observed that myelin maps could be created in individual TBI patients that were similar to known distributions of cortical myelin. Critically, after controlling for participant age, a history of more severe TBI was associated with progressively reduced intracortical myelin in a broad, diffuse pattern across the cortex. Such significant but diffuse reductions in myelin were observed in high-myelin but not low-myelin regions. By contrast, the presence of blast TBI did not affect intracortical myelin above and beyond TBI severity in either a diffuse or focal pattern. These findings suggest that intracortical myelin may be a biomarker of TBI that is anatomically complimentary to diffusion MRI measures of deep white matter. Thus, myelin mapping could potentially be combined with diffusion imaging measures to improve MRI-based diagnostic tools for TBI.
A comparison of two nonclassical models for oxygen consumption in brain and liver tissue.

Warburg-type experiments using tissue slices demonstrate non-classical chemical reaction kinetics [7]. Longmuir et al. [8] found that a Michaelis-Menten kinetic model more accurately. described experimental data from several different tissues. Brain tissue oxygen consumption was not significantly different from classical zero-order reaction kinetics, whereas liver tissue exhibited the most substantial deviation from the classical model. More recently, Buerk and Longmuir [2] have shown that oxygen consumption does not follow simple zero-order kinetics in either brain or liver tissue. The experimentally measured steady-state pO2 profiles from this study have been compared with nonclassical models for oxygen consumption.
La pertinencia de los estudios coloniales para el nuevo milenio

Resumen en: Why devote oneself to colonial studies in Argentina? To respond to this question, I forward the hypothesis that current migrations and immigrations justi...
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), Catalysts and Additives

The Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit remains the primary hydrocarbon conversion unit in the modern petroleum refinery. The ability to convert a variety of feed types (eg, gas oils, cracked gas oils, deasphalted gas oils, atmospheric/vacuum resids) into lighter, more valuable products makes the FCC process extremely versatile and more importantly, profitable. The profitability of an FCC unit depends largely on the type of feed being processed and the FCC catalyst employed. Up until the early 1960s, amorphous silica/alumina catalysts were used to crack vacuum gas oils. As feedstocks have become heavier and the level of contaminant metals has increased, more sophisticated catalysts have been introduced that contain special metals trapping technologies. Zeolite and matrix technologies have evolved to maximize conversion of difficult feeds to valuable transportation fuels and light olefins. Increasingly stringent environmental regulations have also changed the objective function of the modern refinery. In addition to the classical goals of optimizing FCC yields for high gasoline selectivity, minimum dry gas production, high octane number, or good bottoms cracking, today's refiner must also reduce gaseous pollutants that originate in the FCCU regenerator as well as produce gasoline with low levels of contaminants, notably sulfur. This has presented opportunities for catalyst manufacturers to develop additives that enable the refiner to reduce emissions of SOx and NOx from the FCCU regenerator and catalysts and additives that produce cleaner transportation fuels. Keywords: fluid catalytic cracking; FCC catalyst; additive; resid; vacuum gas oil; VGO; zeolite; sulfur; environmental; emissions; NOx; SOx; olefins; propylene; ZSM-5; short contact time
Sensor resource management using cost functions

When integrating track data across multiple platforms, one tries to create a super-platform that has performance capability which is greater than an individual platform. The performance of the super-platform ideally would be the superposition of the individual performances of the single platforms. From an estimation perspective, one of the key problems blocking this is prediction which degrades significantly with time delays or bias which are caused by sensor misalignments and threat miss-modeling. While prediction functions can be accomplished seamlessly in the background in a single ship environment, they become more problematic in a networked ship environment. Prediction that is not adequately dealt with can lead to staleness in the usefulness of information which causes temporal decoupling of the networked data so it fails to meet requirements which can cause network failures. We discuss some sensor resource management approaches that can be used to avoid common problems which lead to both estimation inadequacies and the introduction of delays into the network. The introduction of cost functions into the management of sensor resources is the means we propose to deal with this problem, so we discuss their application in some detail.
Distribution of survival times in a real-world cohort of older adults with chronic kidney disease: the median may not be the message.

The population based approach to chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommended in clinical practice guidelines relies on level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria to define the disease and stratify patients according to their risk for adverse outcomes such as mortality and end-stage renal disease.1 Commonalities in relative risk for these outcomes within strata defined by level of eGFR and proteinuria then serve as the foundation for stratum-specific treatment recommendations.1, 2 From the patient and provider perspective, life expectancy may serve as a more intuitive measure of prognosis than relative and absolute risk.3, 4 In general, patients with lower eGFR levels and higher proteinuria levels have a shorter average life expectancy.5, 6 However, measures of average life expectancy do not capture heterogeneity in life expectancy among patients with similar levels of eGFR and proteinuria. We describe the distribution of survival time for a large real-world cohort of older adults stratified by level of eGFR and proteinuria.
Patients With HIV Infection and End-Stage Renal Disease

There has been a steady increase in the number of dialysis patients with human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in this patient population. Although the major potential category of risk of HIV transmission is from the dialysis patient to staff, there are no data to indicate that this has occurred. Dialysis of patients with HIV infection is challenging and requires effective care to prolong survival.
The Relation of Surgery for Prostatic Hypertrophy to Carcinoma of the Prostate

The authors evaluated the risk of death from prostate cancer in Rhode Island men who had had surgery for prostatic hypertrophy during the years 1959-1970. The retrospective follow-up method was used. Among 4,853 men who had had either a transurethral resection or a prostatectomy, age- and time-standardized mortality from prostate cancer was 1.14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.33) times the rate in the general population of Rhode Island men. The age- and time-standardized mortality ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.77-1.31) for men who had had a suprapubic prostatectomy and 1.18 (95% CI 0.94-1.47) for men who had had a transurethral resection. The authors used the case-control method to relate the histologic features of prostatic hypertrophy to subsequent prostate cancer. The observed associations were weak and inconsistent. The results of this study suggest that surgically treated prostatic hypertrophy is not an important determinant of prostate cancer.
Quiescence of Memory CD8(+) T Cells Is Mediated by Regulatory T Cells through Inhibitory Receptor CTLA-4.

Immune memory cells are poised to rapidly expand and elaborate effector functions upon reinfection yet exist in a functionally quiescent state. The paradigm is that memory T cells remain inactive due to lack of T cell receptor (TCR) stimuli. Here, we report that regulatory T (Treg) cells orchestrate memory T cell quiescence by suppressing effector and proliferation programs through inhibitory receptor, cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). Loss of Treg cells resulted in activation of genome-wide transcriptional programs characteristic of effector T cells and drove transitioning as well as established memory CD8(+) T cells toward terminally differentiated KLRG-1(hi)IL-7Rα(lo)GzmB(hi) phenotype, with compromised metabolic fitness, longevity, polyfunctionality, and protective efficacy. CTLA-4 functionally replaced Treg cells in trans to rescue memory T cell defects and restore homeostasis. These studies present the CTLA-4-CD28-CD80/CD86 axis as a potential target to accelerate vaccine-induced immunity and improve T cell memory quality in current cancer immunotherapies proposing transient Treg cell ablation.
Evaluation of Wasatch fault segmentation and slip rates using Lake Bonneville shorelines

[1] Analysis of Lake Bonneville shorelines using lidar digital elevation data challenges accepted models of Wasatch fault deformation since the late Pleistocene. While footwall deformation of the Weber segment of the Wasatch fault is consistent with back-rotation of the footwall block and greatest displacement rate toward the center of the segment, shorelines along the footwall of the Salt Lake City segment decrease in elevation toward the interior and are highest at the segment boundaries, an opposite pattern of footwall deformation than predicted for boundaries arresting or strongly inhibiting displacement during earthquakes. The spatial pattern of footwall rebound implies that some of the proposed persistent fault segment boundaries do not stop earthquake ruptures that originate on adjacent fault segments, nor constrain ruptures initiated within the Salt Lake City segment. Net vertical fault displacement at the boundary between the Salt Lake and Provo segments is 16–20 m over the past 16.3–18.5 ka, corresponding to a vertical displacement rate of 0.8–1.2 mm/yr, a net fault slip rate of 2.0–2.8 mm/yr, and horizontal extension rate of 1.8–2.6 mm/yr on the 25° west-southwest dipping fault that forms the southern Salt Lake City segment boundary. Shoreline analysis suggests isostatic rebound caused by a drop in lake level was concentrated during a relatively short (~2000 year) time period following the Bonneville flood at ~16 ka. Lidar-derived topography in conjunction with robust geomorphic datums improves our ability to map deformation associated with lithospheric flexure and faulting while demonstrating the limitation of lacustrine shorelines in this type of analysis.
Practice patterns among entrants and incumbents in the home health market after the prospective payment system was implemented

Home health care expenditures were the fastest growing part of Medicare from 2001-2009, despite the implementation of prospective payment. Prior research has shown that home health agencies adopted two specific strategies to take advantage of Medicare policies: provide at least 10 therapy visits to get an enormous marginal payment and recertify patients for additional episodes. We study whether there is heterogeneity in the adoption of those strategic behaviors between home health agency entrants and incumbents and find that entrants were more likely to adopt strategic practice patterns than were incumbents. We also find that for-profit incumbents mimicked one of the practice patterns following entrants in the same market. Our findings suggest that it is important to understand the heterogeneity in providers' behavior and how firms interact with each other in the same market. These findings help explain the rapid rise in expenditures in the home health care market.
Large‐scale characteristics of plate boundary deformations related to the post‐seismic readjustment of a thin asthenosphere

Summary The large-scale response of an elastic lithosphere, riding on a ‘thin’ viscoelastic asthenosphere, to periodically occurring ruptures at a transform or subduction-type plate boundary is described approximately by appropriate limit cycle solutions for a plate/foundation model introduced previously by Rice. The cyclic behaviour of thickness-averaged displacements, strains and strain rates, their decay away from the plate boundary, and a resolution into coseismic and post-seismic alterations are obtained and their dependence on repeat time and a characteristic relaxation time investigated. A comparison is made with existing periodic solutions for the surface deformations in a Nur-Mavko half-space model. This suggests important effects due to viscosity stratification on post-seismic rebound when earthquake repeat times exceed relevant relaxation times by at least one order of magnitude.
Sexual Addiction/Hypersexuality and the DSM: Update and Practice Guidance for Social Workers

As the terminology for sexual addiction/hypersexuality has evolved since the 1980s, social workers can benefit from an update and practice guidance. Although professional controversy continues about the symptoms, psychological mechanisms, and existence of the problem, the debate has come to a head with the official proposal of Hypersexual Disorder submitted for the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM–V]. This article synthesizes information most relevant to social work practitioners, including efforts to name and conceptually describe the problem and its psychological mechanisms, clinical presentation, and practice guidance for social workers in various roles, including referral, assessment, and treatment.
Crystal structure of the meta hydroxyl phenyl analog of α(+)-prodine

The meta hydroxyphenyl analog of α-prodine (1,3-dimethyl-(4-meta-hydroxy phenyl)-4-propionyloxypiperidine) free base crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121. The relative configuration of the compound shows the piperidine ring is in a chair conformation, the phenyl ring, the 3-methyl, and the N-methyl are equatorial, and the 4-propionyloxy group is axial. The molecular structure is similar to that of racemic α-prodine and the potent opioid agonist, ketobemidone. There is a hydrogen bond between N(1) ... O(1) 2.79 A.
L.A.’s Invisible Freeway Revolt: The Cultural Politics of Fighting Freeways

Existing accounts of the politics of fighting freeways during the age of the Interstate largely describes the victories of white affluent urban neighborhoods that successfully mustered local opposition to urban highway construction. Popular understandings of the “freeway revolt” thus remain limited to places like Beverly Hills, CA, Cambridge, MA, Lower Manhattan, and New Orleans’s French Quarter. Yet a close examination of cultural expression from urban minority communities, like the Chicano barrio of East Los Angeles for example, reveals a more pervasive and sharper critique of building freeways in the city. Losers, perhaps, in the fight against the freeway, city people of color nonetheless voiced specific grievances against highway construction through art, literature, and other forms of creative production. Herein lies another freeway revolt, which inspires local opposition to subsequent forms of spatial injustice in the inner city.