cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dependent Relative Revocation Has Gone Astray: It Should Return to Its Roots

This doctrine of Dependent Relative Revocation ("DRR") has been stated and reiterated by many courts since it was first expounded in 1717, but stated simply, it means that where testator makes a new will revoking a former valid one, and it later appears that the new one is invalid, the old will may be re-established on the ground that the revocation was dependent upon the validity of the new one, testator preferring the old will to intestacy. The origins of the doctrine seem to go back to the early 1716 English case of Onions v. Tyrer. Professor Warren, in his important article, Dependent Relative Revocation, attributes the origin of the term to "Mr. Powell, who in 1788 gave currency to the phrase." Professor Warren proposes the term be abandoned because it is "loose and misleading," tending to treat "different subjects under a single principle." His conclusion was that the "panacea of a sonorous phrase...has tended only to obscure the common law" and lead to confusion.The doctrine of Dependent Relative Revocation has lost its way. After examining many cases, there does not appear to be any consistency in applying the doctrine. It has been expanded by the courts to situations far beyond its initial application. Scholars have suggested that the term be abandoned. The objective of this article is to show that, not only has the suggestion that the term be abandoned not gained momentum, but confirms the conclusion that misapplication of the doctrine has led to confusion. It offers a flowchart in an effort to help eliminate the doctrine's misapplication. After an introduction, Part II of this article explains what the doctrine of Dependent Relative Revocation is, while Part III gives a background into the topic. Then, Part IV gives an explanation as to why Dependent Relative Revocation should not be an issue. Part V provides insight into the application of the Dependent Relative Revocation, while Part VI shows how it has gone astray. Then Part VII presents the intent of Dependent Relative Revocation followed by Part VIII showing how intent is determined. Part IX provides readers with a coherent Dependent Relative Revocation flowchart. Finally, Part X summarizes everything in the conclusion.
Americans Abroad: US Emigration Policy and Perspectives

The United States is a self-described “nation of immigrants” and is home to more foreign-born people than any other country in the world. Although emigration from the United States has not occurred in any great waves, it is nevertheless a significant and growing phenomenon, with as many as 2 % of all US citizens residing abroad. Like many other industrialized nations, the United States does not have a systematic emigration or diaspora policy framework and its civil leaders do not face great public demand to develop one. Instead, the United States has a patchwork of laws and policies that specifically apply to Americans residing overseas which govern this population’s benefits (such as voting rights and social safety nets) and obligations (taxation of assets earned abroad, for example) of US citizenship. This chapter attempts to identify and discuss these laws and policies as well as outline the role that non-state actors play in helping American expatriates maintain their patriotic identities. It first describes the US general policy framework towards its emigrant population and then analyses the prevailing public discourse on emigration.
Reliability Analysis on Ultimate Uplift Bearing Capacity of Belled Pier Foundation in Transmission Line Engineering

Based on the theory of uplift bearing capacity for belled pier foundations,this paper presented the theoretical formula for the parameters A1 and A2 by shearing method according to the DL/T 5219-2005 technical specifications for foundation designing of overhead transmission lines.The values for parameters A1 and A2 were revised.And then,the theoretical values of the tested pier foundations were calculated by using the revised parameters of A1 and A2.According to the field test results,the dimensionless ratio of the tested ultimate uplift load to the theoretically calculated value was introduced to reflect the uncertainty of the uplift bearing capacity for belled pier foundations.The mean,standard deviations,and variability coefficient and probability distribution of the ratio ware analyzed.With the help of the above results,the reliability index of bearing capacities of ultimate uplift bearing capacity was obtained.All these research findings would provide with useful data for the advancing in the theory on overhead transmission line engineering and for the revising data of parameters A1 and A2 in the future.
New coaxial ureteral stricture knife.

SUMMARY Open surgical repair of upper urinary collecting system strictures or obstructions is difficult and is less likely to be accepted by the patient than an endoscopic or ureteroscopic approach. In the hands of an experienced urologic endoscopist the use of our cold blade has the advantage of less trauma to the ureter, already compromised by poor blood supply, than blind dilation; there is visual control of the procedure and acceptance by the patient that the urologic surgeon is doing the procedure; and it is adaptable to rigid or flexible endoscopes and ureterorenoscopes. Furthermore, there is information that the results are better, at least in the short term, than the more traumatic endoscopic procedures associated with dilation. However, only long-term future series will give us an evolving view of this resistant problem. Finally, the ureteral knife we have developed has the potential to be converted to an electrosurgical device for incision or coagulation, when appropriate. An application is pending with the US Food and Drug Administration concerning electrosurgical applications of the ureteral knife (in conjunction with J.R. La Course, PhD, and G.C. Gerhard, PhD, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham). The high dielectric constant of the sheath, combined with hemostatic or incisional properties in this latter mode, would likely prove advantageous.
Evaluating and treating diabetic foot infections

In diabetic foot infections, ulceration of a neuropathic foot is typically the inciting event, followed by infection of the wound. Key components of the initial evaluation include assessing for signs of systemic infection, determining the extent of tissue involvement, and evaluating for peripheral arterial perfusion. Antibiotic therapy is usually initiated empirically. Regardless of the severity of infection, empiric regimens should always have activity against the most commonly encountered pathogens, staphylococci and streptococci. Moderate to severe infections necessitate broader-spectrum agents with activity against commonly isolated Gram-negative bacilli and, in some cases, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species. Therapy should be modified based on results of cultures of properly obtained wound specimens. Most patients also need some surgical intervention as well as proper wound care.
Selection pressure in the human adenovirus fiber knob drives cell specificity in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

ABSTRACT Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) contain seven species (HAdV-A to -G), each associated with specific disease conditions. Among these, HAdV-D includes those viruses associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe ocular surface infection. The reasons for corneal tropism for some but not all HAdV-Ds are not known. The fiber protein is a major capsid protein; its C-terminal “knob” mediates binding with host cell receptors to facilitate subsequent viral entry. In a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of HAdV-D capsid genes, fiber knob gene sequences of HAdV-D types associated with EKC formed a unique clade. By proteotyping analysis, EKC virus-associated fiber knobs were uniquely shared. Comparative structural modeling showed no distinct variations in fiber knobs of EKC types but did show variation among HAdV-Ds in a region overlapping with the known CD46 binding site in HAdV-B. We also found signature amino acid positions that distinguish EKC from non-EKC types, and by in vitro studies we showed that corneal epithelial cell tropism can be predicted by the presence of a lysine or alanine at residue 240. This same amino acid residue in EKC viruses shows evidence for positive selection, suggesting that evolutionary pressure enhances fitness in corneal infection, and may be a molecular determinant in EKC pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Viruses adapt various survival strategies to gain entry into target host cells. Human adenovirus (HAdV) types are associated with distinct disease conditions, yet evidence for connections between genotype and cellular tropism is generally lacking. Here, we provide a structural and evolutionary basis for the association between specific genotypes within HAdV species D and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, a severe ocular surface infection. We find that HAdV-D fiber genes of major EKC pathogens, specifically the fiber knob gene region, share a distinct phylogenetic clade. Deeper analysis of the fiber gene revealed that evolutionary pressure at crucial amino acid sites has a significant impact on its structural conformation, which is likely important in host cell binding and entry. Specific amino acids in hot spot residues provide a link to ocular cell tropism and possibly to corneal pathogenesis.
O16-4 An integrated approach to infection and respiratory illness prevention in home healthcare: preliminary results of the safe home care cleaning and disinfecting study

Objectives While cleaning and disinfecting (C&D) are essential for infection prevention (IP) in healthcare, there is increasing evidence that C&D chemicals cause occupational respiratory illness. An international working group (WG) on C&D in healthcare was engaged by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to identify research needs to develop an integrated framework for effective IP and occupational health (OH) protection for healthcare workers (Quinn, WG Co-Chair). This presentation describes the WG and a study of C&D among home care (HC) aides which was guided by WG recommendations. Study objectives were to: 1) identify the extent to which C&D is performed by HC aides, 2) assess C&D respiratory hazards, and 3) compare the effectiveness of conventional versus “green” C&D products to reduce pathogens in the home environment. Methods HC aides completed a survey including questions about C&D product use and respiratory hazards occurring during their HC visits. In an environmental laboratory, airborne exposures from C&D products were assessed during simulated cleaning tasks. In a microbiology laboratory, cleaning effectiveness (removal of soil) and disinfection effectiveness (reduction in microorganisms) on common household surface materials were compared using bleach, a “green” product, and a do-it-yourself (DIY) mixture. Results The survey population included 1,249 HC aides contributing information on 3,484 HC visits. Aides performed CD an additional 15% used other irritant chemicals. Environmental assessment of CD peak exposures to chlorine could exceed occupational exposure limits. Microbiology assessment found that bleach and a “green” product effectively removed soil and reduced E. coli and S. aureus; the DIY mixture was less effective. Conclusions An integrated IP-OH approach to assessing C&D exposures, as recommended by the WG, can provide more comprehensive prevention strategies.
A distortion-insensitive four-noded membrane quadrilateral that passes the patch test

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the possibility to develop a quadrilateral called Unidirectional Bending-Optimal Quadrilateral Panel (UBOQP) that passes the patch test for any geometry while being bending exact along one direction. This model is directly constructed using the framework of finite element templates by energy fitting arguments. UBOQP is not obtainable by any conventional finite element method (FEM) formulation, which illustrates the customization power of templates. Numerical experiments in a well-known mesh distortion test verify the exact response to bending for any material law, aspect ratio, and skew angles. The four-noded membrane (plane stress) flat quadrilateral is one of the most interesting models from the standpoint of its impact on both theory and practice of the FEM. The rectangular specialization is one of the two multidimensional finite element stiffnesses that is explicitly derived by Turner. It is widely believed that a four-noded flat quadrilateral membrane element that passes the patch test must be sensitive to the mesh distortion response to inplane bending actions.
Epidemiology of Bleeding in Critically Ill Children.

Objective To determine the epidemiology of bleeding in critically ill children. Study design We conducted a cohort study of children 24 hours and without clinically relevant bleed (CRB) on admission. CRB was defined as resulting in severe physiologic derangements, occurring at a critical site or requiring major therapeutic interventions. Using a novel bleeding assessment tool that we developed, characteristics of the CRB were abstracted from the medical records independently and in duplicate. From the cohort, we matched each child with CRB to 4 children without CRB based on onset of CRB. Risk factors and complications of CRB were identified from this matched group of children. Results We analyzed 405 children with a median age of 35 months (IQR 7-130 months). A total of 37 (9.1%) children developed CRB. The median number of days with CRB was 1 day (IQR 1-2 days). Invasive ventilation (OR 61.35; 95% CI 6.27-600.24), stress ulcer prophylaxis (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.08-6.74), surgical admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.10-0.84), and aspirin (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.002-0.58) were associated with CRB. CRB was associated with longer time to discharge from the unit (hazard ratio 0.20; 95% CI 0.13-0.33) and the hospital (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.33-0.73). Children with CRB were on vasopressor longer and transfused more red blood cells after the CRB than those without CRB. Conclusions Our findings suggest that bleeding complicates critical illness in children.
Mindfulness and Meditation Practice as Moderators of the Relationship between Age and Subjective Wellbeing among Working Adults

Promoting the health and wellbeing of an aging and age-diverse workforce is a timely and growing concern to organizations and to society. To help address this issue, we investigated the relationship between age and subjective wellbeing by examining the moderating role of mindfulness in two independent studies. In study 1, trait mindfulness was examined as a moderator of the relationship between age and vitality and between age and work-family balance in a sample of 240 participants. In study 2, data from the second phase of the Midlife Development in the USA (MIDUS II) project was used to investigate mindful-practice (i.e., meditation) as a moderator of the relationships between age and multiple measures of subjective wellbeing (life satisfaction, psychological health, physical health) in a sample of 2477 adults. Results revealed that mindfulness moderates the relationship between age and multiple indicators of subjective wellbeing. In addition, study 2 results indicated that individuals who reported that they mediated often combined with those who reported they meditated a lot reported better physical health than those who reported that they never meditate. The findings suggest that cultivating mindfulness can be a proactive tool for fostering health and subjective wellbeing in an aging and age-diverse workforce.
A systems biology approach unravels the host response to West Nile virus infection in human dendritic cells

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic Flavivirus and the leading cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the United States. Previous studies in mice have found that dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal for viral control and programming of antiviral immunity in a RIG-I like receptor (RLR) and type I interferon (IFN) dependent manner. To gain a better understanding of human WNV infection, we evaluated infection of human monocyte DCs (moDCs). We found that moDCs support productive WNV infection and that stimulation of RLR and type I IFN signaling potently restricts viral replication. Most intriguingly, we observed significant variability in viral infection of moDCs generated from different donors, ranging from 6–56% of cells infected by 48 hours post infection. To define the antiviral landscape during WNV infection, we performed mRNA sequencing and found that, in contrast to RLR and type I IFN signaling, WNV infection partially triggers expression of antiviral defense response related genes. Despite strong induction of IFNβ during WNV infection, we observed minimal expression of cytokines that promote antiviral T cell immunity (IL-4, IL-12, IL-7, IL-15) and costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40) at the transcriptional and protein level. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis combined with cis-regulatory sequence analysis, we identified STAT5 as an important regulatory node downstream of RLR signaling. Most intriguingly, we found that STAT5 was not induced during WNV infection, suggesting that WNV dampens DC activation by preventing STAT5 activation. Further studies are underway to better understand how RLR signaling promotes STAT5 activation and to define the viral factors that regulate STAT5 activation.
Ethical and Legal Issues

Non-neurological complications are common after brain injury and their importance as independent contributors to morbidity and mortality are well recognized. This chapter reviews the aetiology of systemic complications in critically ill neurological patients, identifies options for their prevention and treatment, and considers their effects on outcome. Several central nervous system (CNS)-driven changes contribute to systemic organ dysfunction after brain injury. These include catecholamine- and inflammatory- related effects, as well as endocrine and coagulation abnormalities. The chapter outlines the sequelae of brain injury that are related to endogenous catecholamine release, activation of adrenoceptors and neuroinflammation. It also considers the neuroendocrine and electrolyte disturbance, and other causes of non-neurological organ dysfunction. The complex interaction between the brain and immune system, including the systemic effects of neuroinflammation, is mediated through neuroendocrine pathways including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system. Haematological complications, particularly coagulopathy, occur in 20-36% of patients after brain injury.
Why and How One Models Exercise on a Computer (A Tutorial)

The principal reason for modeling exercise or any physiological phenomenon is simply stated, “because we do not understand all we know.” This is particularly true in the mature parts of science where the principal characteristics of the subject have been described in a corpus of literature encompassing conceptually interlocking experiments and where conflicting or partial theory exists. Theory which is the formulation of a causal myth to explain elements in a catalog of observation serves the function of economizing on memory and increasing human control over processes that the knowledge describes, i.e., technology. Modeling, then, is no more than publication in an idiom which recalls many considerations necessary to any given situation and discovers new or unexpected implications of old systems of ideas. Instead of dialectic, computer simulation with models produces unambiguously the implied consequences of the assumptions which include both the declarative and the procedural forms of knowledge. Modeling is parsimonious. In physiology the variety of laboratory experiments that pertain to a global function like exercise is redundant exposition of a common underlying mechanism.
Mortality risk in a sample of emergency department patients who use cocaine with alcohol and/or cannabis

ABSTRACTBackground: Illicit drug use is common among emergency department (ED) patients, yet the association between drug use and subsequent mortality is not well understood. This study examines 36-month mortality rates for a sample of ED patients based on reported use of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine, both individually and in combination. Methods: Patients (N = 1669) from 2 urban EDs were surveyed at the time of the visit. The patient survey included the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and information on physical and mental health, health care utilization, and risk factors associated with substance use. ASSIST scores were used to categorize patients into drug risk groups. Mortality information from the National Death Index was used to calculate mortality rates from 2009 to 2012. A Cox regression model identified associations between drug risk groups and mortality while controlling for patient demographics. Results: The use of cocaine and cannabis both individually and i...
Role of oversized dopant potassium on the nanostructure and thermoelectric performance of calcium cobaltite ceramics

The impact of the non-stoichiometric addition of potassium (K) on the nanostructure and thermoelectric performance of misfit layered calcium cobaltite (Ca3Co4O9) ceramics is reported. The samples were prepared with the designed nominal composition of Ca3Co4O9Kx (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2). The K addition promoted the crystal growth and improved the crystal texture. The nanostructure and chemical analysis revealed the segregation of K at the Ca3Co4O9 grain boundaries, while the Ca3Co4O9 grain interior was free of K. At the optimal doping level, the dopant K grain boundary segregation reduced the electrical resistivity and simultaneously increased the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in a large increase in the power factor. At 320 K, the sample Ca3Co4O9K0.1 achieved the power factor of 930 μW K−2 m−1, which is 2.25 times higher than 412 μW K−2 m−1 from pristine Ca3Co4O9 and by far, the highest power factor at room temperature regime for the Ca3Co4O9 ceramics. The impact of the dopant segregation on the ionic diffusion along the grain boundaries and its resultant thermoelectric performance enhancement of Ca3Co4O9 ceramics are discussed.
Functional Modulation of Gene Expression by Ultraconserved Long Non-coding RNA TUC338 during Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

TUC338 is an ultraconserved long non-coding RNA that contributes to transformed cell growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genomic regions of TUC338 occupancy were enriched in unique or known binding motifs homologous to the tumor suppressors Pax6 and p53. Genes involved in cell proliferation were enriched within a 9-kb range of TUC338-binding sites. TUC338 RNA-based purification was used to isolate chromatin for mass spectrometry, and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 RNA-binding protein (PAI-RBP1) was identified as a TUC338 RNA-binding partner. The PAI-RBP1 target gene plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) itself could also be post-transcriptionally regulated by TUC338. Thus modulation of transformed cell growth by TUC338 may involve binding to PAI-RBP1 as well as to sequence-defined cis-binding sites to modulate gene expression. These findings suggest that ultraconserved RNAs such as TUC338 can function in a manner analogous to transcription factors to modulate cell proliferation and transformed cell growth in HCC.
Psychiatric Aspects of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) has a special place in neuropsychiatry. Along with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), it has been a paradigm for “subcortical” cognitive dysfunction, including dementia, as well as a model for affective disturbances occurring as an intrinsic part of the degenerative process. Although defined clinically by its motor features, PD is clearly a neurobehavioral syndrome, with 90% of patients affected by neuropsychiatric disturbances at some point during the course of the disease (1). Furthermore, psychopathology in PD constitutes a greater stress for caregivers than motor dysfunction, with dementia and psychosis the most devastating and important precipitants of nursing home placement.
From von Rokitansky to von Recklinghausen to Cullen

At the top of the hierarchy of the Vienna Medical School in the 1860s, Rokitansky was aware of the growing academic sentiment that macroscopic morbid pathological anatomy was no longer at the cutting edge of medical research.1 By mid-nineteenth century, the precision, control, and reproducibility of experimental science “had greatly increased scientists’ understanding of the laws governing chemical, physiological, and physical processes…For this reason physicians viewed experimental physiology, more than pathological anatomy or the clinical sciences, as the cornerstone of scientific medicine.”2 Publication of Virchow’s Cellularpathologie in 1858 had opened the era of physiologic pathology and sounded the death knell of macroscopic pathologic anatomy.3 Though he did not embrace experimentation or routine microscopic examinations of tissues in his own research, in his ministerial position at the University, Rokitansky had prepared himself, his department, and the University for this important transition.4
Explicit Solutions of Linear Quadratic Differential Games

The theory of linear quadratic differential games is in principle known. An excellent reference for management and economics applications is Dockner et al. (2000). We review here the results, showing that in useful simple cases, explicit solutions are available. This treatment is not included in the previous reference and seems to be original. In non-stationary cases, explicit solutions are not available, we prove the existence of solutions of coupled Riccati equations, which provide a complete solution of the Nash equilibrium problem.
Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Registration of Diffusion-Weighted Images with Explicit Orientation Optimization

We seek to compute a diffeomorphic map between a pair of diffusion-weighted images under large deformation. Unlike existing techniques, our method allows any diffusion model to be fitted after registration for subsequent multifaceted analysis. This is achieved by directly aligning the diffusion-weighted images using a large deformation diffeomorphic registration framework formulated from an optimal control perspective. Our algorithm seeks the optimal coordinate mapping by simultaneously considering structural alignment, local fiber reorientation, and deformation regularization. Our algorithm also incorporates a multi-kernel strategy to concurrently register anatomical structures of different scales. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach using in vivo data and report on detailed qualitative and quantitative results in comparison with several different registration strategies.
The Vanishing Superfluid Density in Cuprates—and Why It Matters

Recently, we have released the results of a comprehensive study of a couple thousand single-crystal La2−xSrxCuO4 films, covering densely the entire overdoped side of the phase diagram (Božovic et al. Nature 536, 309–311, 2016; Wu et al. Nature 547, 432–435, 2017). Here, we review the key experimental findings, place them in the context of other important well-established facts and observations, and discuss their implications for our understanding of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. We conclude that it involves some new physics that requires going beyond the standard Fermi liquid description of the normal state and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer description of the superconducting state.
Insights into the Progression of Labile Hb A 1c to Stable Hb A 1c via a Mechanistic Assessment of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Facilitation of the Slow Nonenzymatic Glycation Process

Nonenzymatic glycation (NEG) of human hemoglobin (Hb A) consists of initial non covalent, reversible steps involving glucose and amino acid residues, which may also involve effector reagent(s) in the formation of labile Hb A1c (the conjugate acid of the Schiff base). Labile Hb A1c can then undergo slow, largely irreversible, formation of stable Hb A1c (the Amadori product). Stable Hb A1c is measured to assess diabetic progression after labile Hb A1c removal. This study aimed to increase the understanding of the distinctions between labile and stable Hb A1c from a mechanistic perspective in the presence of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is an effector reagent that reversibly binds in the Hb A1c pocket and modestly enhances overall NEG rate. The deprotonation of C2 on labile Hb A1c in the formation of the Amadori product was previously proposed to be rate-limiting. Computational chemistry was used here to identify the mechanism(s) by which 2,3-BPG facilitates the deprotonation of C2 on labile Hb A1c. 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is capable of abstracting protons on C2 and the α-nitrogen of labile Hb A1c and can also deprotonate water and/or amino acid residues, therefore preparing these secondary reagents to deprotonate labile Hb A1c. Parallel reactions not leading to an Amadori product were found that include formation of the neutral Schiff base, dissociation of glucose from the protein, and cyclic glycosylamine formation. These heretofore under appreciated parallel reactions may help explain both the selective removal of labile from stable Hb A1c and the slow rate of NEG.
Effects of community-based health insurance on modern family planning utilization in Ethiopia

Background: Community-based health insurance (CBHI) has been established in a number of developing countries to expand access to modern health care service. However, few studies have focused on health care utilization of CBHI members in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of CBHI on modern family planning (FP) utilization as part of its routine outcome monitoring activities. Methods: The USAID Transform: Primary Health Care project, conducted a continuous monitoring follow up visit using a multistage sampling technique in its four major targeted regions. A total of 3433 households were selected and 3313 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were interviewed. The questionnaire captured the CBHI status of each household and FP use data from randomly selected women. Microsoft Access database was used to enter the data, which was then transferred to SPSS Version 20 for further analysis. Results: 49% of women (aged 15-49 years) were found to be enrolled in CBHI scheme. Half of the women (50.2%) use any family planning method, of which 49% of them used modern family planning method in project-supported areas. Over half of women (57%) who are exposed to CBHI schemes utilized family planning method which is statistically significant Conclusions: Modern FP utilization among insured women was higher compared with uninsured women. While FP methods are provided for free, CBHI enrollment improves FP use among women of child-bearing age. Women who have access to CBHI may frequently visit health facilities seeking services for themselves and their families, during which they may be introduced to FP services. This in turn may improve their awareness and attitude towards FP. The results will increase awareness for program implementer's of the benefits of CBHI schemes in FP programming, particularly in rural settings, and provide an opportunity to increase lifelong returns in Ethiopia.
Echocardiographic predictors of intraoperative right ventricular dysfunction: a 2D and speckle tracking echocardiography study

Intraoperative or post procedure right ventricular (RV) dysfunction confers a poor prognosis in the post-operative period. Conventional predictors for RV function are limited due the effect of cardiac surgery on traditional RV indices; novel echocardiographic techniques hold the promise to improve RV functional stratification. Comprehensive echocardiographic data were collected prospectively during elective cardiac surgery. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), peak RV systolic velocity (S′), and RV fractional area change (FAC) were quantified on transesophageal echo (TEE). RV global and regional (septal and free wall) longitudinal strain was quantified using speckle-tracking echo in RV-focused views. Two intraoperative time points were used for comparison: pre-sternotomy (baseline) and after chest closure. The population was comprised of 53 patients undergoing cardiac surgery [15.1% coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) only, 28.3% valve only, 50.9% combination (e.g. valve/CABG, valve/aortic graft) surgeries], among whom 38% had impaired RV function at baseline defined as RV FAC < 35%. All conventional RV functional indices including TAPSE, S′ and FAC declined immediately following CPB (1.5 ± 0.3 vs.1.1 ± 0.3 cm, 8.0 ± 2.1 vs. 6.2 ± 2.5 cm/s, 36.8 ± 9.3 vs. 29.3 ± 10.6%; p < 0.001 for all). However, left ventricular (LV) and RV hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged (LV ejection fraction (EF): 56.8 ± 13.0 vs. 55.8 ± 12.9%; p = 0.40, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP): 26.5 ± 7.4 vs 27.3 ± 6.7 mmHg; p = 0.13). Speckle tracking echocardiographic data demonstrated a significant decline in RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) [19.0 ± 6.5 vs. 13.5 ± 6.9%, p < 0.001]. Pre-procedure FAC, GLS and free wall strain predicted RV dysfunction at chest closure (34.7 ± 9.1 vs. 41.6 ± 8.1%, p = 0.01, 17.7 ± 6.5 vs. 21.8 ± 5.4%; p = 0.03, 20.3 ± 6.4 vs. 24.2 ± 5.8%; p = 0.04), whereas traditional linear RV indices such as TAPSE and RV S′ at baseline had no impact on intraoperative RV dysfunction (p = NS for both). Global and regional RV function, as measured by 2D indices and strain, acutely decline intraoperatively. Impaired RV strain is associated with intraoperative RV functional decline and provides incremental value to traditional RV indices in predicting those who will develop RV dysfunction.
Analytic propagation variances and power spectral densities from a wave-optics perspective: publisher's note.

This publisher’s note explains corrections to J. Opt. Soc. Am. A36, 1267 (2019).JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.36.001267
Is the Rat Liver Ecto-ATPase Identical to C-CAM/PP120, a Cell Adhesion Molecule?

The publication of a report on the molecular cloning of the rat liver ecto-ATPase1 in 1989 was considered a major break-through in ecto-ATPase research, especially since no other ecto-ATPase had been purified at that time. The extensive homology of the cDNA sequence of the rat liver ecto-ATPase with human biliary glycoprotein I (BGPI) also gave hope that the function of the ecto-ATPases might soon be revealed since functional studies of BGPI and related proteins in the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family had begun and a cell adhesion function had been suggested2, 3. Subsequent reports on amino acid sequence similarity of the rat liver ecto-ATPase with a rat liver cell adhesion molecule (cell-CAM 105)4, cross-reactivity of the ecto-ATPase and eell-CAM105 with antibodies generated against the other protein5, and functional assays4–6 unambiguously established that the BGP-like cDNA codes for a cell adhesion molecule. However, the important question of the relationship of ATPase activity and cell adhesion function was not addressed. In later reports where consequences of manipulating the cDNA on cell aggregation were described6–8, there was no concomitant evaluation of the ATPase activity of the mutants.
Know safety, no fear.

Abstract Every day we are bombarded by stimuli that must be assessed for their potential for harm or benefit. Once a stimulus is learned to predict harm, it can elicit fear responses. Such learning can last a lifetime but is not always beneficial for an organism. For an organism to thrive in its environment, it must know when to engage in defensive, avoidance behaviors and when to engage in non-defensive, approach behaviors. Fear should be suppressed in situations that are not dangerous: when a novel, innocuous stimulus resembles a feared stimulus, when a feared stimulus no longer predicts harm, or when there is an option to avoid harm. A cardinal feature of anxiety disorders is the inability to suppress fear adaptively. In PTSD, for instance, learned fear is expressed inappropriately in safe situations and is resistant to extinction. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of suppressing fear responses during stimulus discrimination, fear extinction, and active avoidance, focusing on the well-studied tripartite circuit consisting of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease: A Review

We review the etiologies of neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease. Developmental delays have been identified in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Though historically neurodevelopmental morbidity in patients with CHD was thought to be surgically related, recent advances in imaging technology and the ability to prospectively provide longitudinal follow-up indicate multiple complex etiologies of neurodevelopmental delay in this group. It has been suggested that alterations in cerebral perfusion is related to cerebral dysgenesis and immaturity. Additionally, while there has been significant improvement in surgical technique, the brain is still vulnerable to ischemia and injury, further placing the patient at risk for developmental delays. The neurodevelopmental and cognitive delays span many domains and may not be detected until adolescence when cognitive and neurobehavioral demands increase. Given these comorbidities, there is a need for early and frequent multidisciplinary assessments of the patient and early identification of delays to provide access to resources to improve these patients’ quality of life.
Bench scale batch steam explosion of Florida red and white grapefruit juice processing residues

Abstract Florida juice processors amassed 51,000 metric tons of grapefruit juice processing residues (GFPR) in the 2018-19 season. GFPR contain valuable compounds such as pectic hydrocolloids, peel oil, sugars, phenolics and flavonoids that are ultimately lost or destroyed when they are converted to low value animal feed and molasses. If these compounds could be isolated from GFPR rather than destroyed, they could be converted to high value products. In this work, red and white GFPR were subjected to steam explosion in a batch system at 130, 150 and 170°C and 1, 2, 4 and 8 min holding time to identify the conditions for maximum recovery of pectic hydrocolloids, peel oil, sugars, phenolics and flavonoids. Steam explosion at 170°C and an 8 min hold time resulted in the recovery of 56-85% of total available glucose and fructose and the volatilization of 68-98% of the available peel oil. Of the phenolics and flavonoids analyzed, 61-62% could be extracted using steam explosion. Maximum recovery of pectic hydrocolloids, estimated by galacturonic acid content, was 1.6446 g • 100 g−1 for red GFPR at 130°C – 8 min and 1.557 g • 100 g−1 for white GFPR at 150°C – 2 min.
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics: what, when, and how

Current guidelines for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia advocate that patients receive treatment with a long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic medication if they prefer such treatment or if they have a history of poor or uncertain adherence. Available LAI formulations in the United States include first-generation antipsychotics (fluphenazine decanoate and haloperidol decanoate), risperidone/paliperidone containing products (risperidone microspheres, paliperidone palmitate, and risperidone subcutaneous), aripiprazole containing products (aripiprazole monohydrate and aripiprazole lauroxil), and olanzapine pamoate. LAI antipsychotics can address the guesswork about adherence status and patients may prefer them if they are offered this as a choice, including individuals early in their disease course. Additional approved indications in the United States for LAI antipsychotics include bipolar I disorder maintenance treatment for risperidone microspheres and aripiprazole monohydrate, and schizoaffective disorder for paliperidone palmitate once monthly. Differences and similarities among the different products are discussed, including guidance regarding optimal treatment selection. Tips are provided to enhance effective patient communication to maximize the likelihood of acceptance of this treatment modality.
Stochastic modeling of geometrical uncertainties on complex domains, with application to additive manufacturing and brain interface geometries

Abstract We present a stochastic modeling framework to represent and simulate spatially-dependent geometrical uncertainties on complex geometries . While the consideration of random geometrical perturbations has long been a subject of interest in computational engineering, most studies proposed so far have addressed the case of regular geometries such as cylinders and plates. Here, standard random field representations, such as Karhunen–Loeve expansions, can readily be used owing, in particular, to the relative simplicity to construct covariance operators on regular shapes. On the contrary, applying such techniques on arbitrary, non-convex domains remains difficult in general. In this work, we formulate a new representation for spatially-correlated geometrical uncertainties that allows complex domains to be efficiently handled. Building on previous contributions by the authors, the approach relies on the combination of a stochastic partial differential equation approach, introduced to capture salient features of the underlying geometry such as local curvature and singularities on the fly, and an information-theoretic model, aimed to enforce non-Gaussianity. More specifically, we propose a methodology where the interface of interest is immersed into a fictitious domain, and define algorithmic procedures to directly sample random perturbations on the manifold. A simple strategy based on statistical conditioning is also presented to update realizations and prevent self-intersections in the perturbed finite element mesh . We finally provide challenging examples to demonstrate the robustness of the framework, including the case of a gyroid structure produced by additive manufacturing and brain interfaces in patient-specific geometries. In both applications, we discuss suitable parameterization for the filtering operator and quantify the impact of the uncertainties through forward propagation .
Editorial: Educational Innovations in Countries Around the World: Editorial Comments on the Contributions to a Symposium

This thematic issue of International Dialogues on Education: Past and Present, is dedicated to the topic of educational innovation. The articles contained in these pages focus on innovations in various forms, from pedagogical, to administrative, to technological. The articles are based on presentations made presenters at the 10th Biennial Symposium: Educational Innovations in Countries around the World, held on the campus of Seattle Pacific University, June 24-27, 2019. The symposium featured presenters from 12 countries and three continents.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for High-Throughput Drug Screening and Characterization of Small Molecules

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hold great promise for drug discovery, toxicology studies, and regenerative medicine. Here, we describe standardized protocols and experimental procedures that combine automated cell culture for scalable production of hPSCs with quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in miniaturized 384-well plates. As a proof of principle, we established dose-response assessments and determined optimal concentrations of 12 small molecule compounds that are commonly used in the stem cell field. Multi-parametric analysis of readouts from diverse assays including cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma membrane integrity, and ATP production was used to distinguish normal biological responses from cellular stress induced by small molecule treatment. Collectively, the establishment of integrated workflows for cell manufacturing, qHTS, high-content imaging, and data analysis provides an end-to-end platform for industrial-scale projects and should leverage the drug discovery process using hPSC-derived cell types.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant in two pediatric patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought challenges to all areas of medicine. In pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT), one of the biggest challenges was determining how and when to transplant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 while mitigating the risks of COVID-related complications. METHODS: Our joint adult and pediatric BMT program developed protocols for performing BMT during the pandemic, including guidelines for screening and isolation. For patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the general recommendation was to delay BMT for at least 14 days from the start of infection and until symptoms improved and the patient twice tested negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, delaying BMT in patients with malignancy increases the risk of relapse. RESULTS: We opted to transplant two SARS-CoV-2 persistently PCR positive patients with leukemia at high risk of relapse. One patient passed away early post-BMT of a transplant-related complication. The other patient is currently in remission and doing well. CONCLUSION: These cases demonstrate that when the risk associated with delaying BMT is high, it may be reasonable to proceed to transplant in pediatric leukemia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Public Interest Lawyering in Mexico and the United States

* Professor of Law, West Virginia University College of Law; B.A. University of California (Berkeley), 1955; J.D. Harvard Law School, 1958. A shorter version of this Article was presented at Conference XXXII of the Inter-American Bar Association, in Quito, Ecuador, in November, 1995. The author wishes to express special appreciation for the support provided for his research by West Virginia University's Regional Research Institute, where he is a Faculty Research Associate. The author obtained the articles from La Jornada (Mexico City) cited throughout this Article without reference to specific pages over the Chiapas1 and Mexico2000 electronic bulletin boards, which are managed by PROFMEX, a worldwide consortium of social scientists interested in Mexican public policy issues. Information about PROFMEX may be obtained from Robert Gibson, Central Contact Office Director, UCLA Program on Mexico. The articles in the original Spanish were placed on the bulletin boards by Peter Rashkin (cortes@kaiwan.com), who transferred them electronically from La Jornada's World Wide Web home page: (http:serpiente.dgsca.unam.mx/jornada/index.html). 1. See KONRAD ZWEIGERT & HEIN KOTZ,
Neutrino-lead cross section measurements using stopped pions and low energy β beams

Two new facilities have recently been proposed to measure low energy neutrino-nucleus cross sections, the $\ensuremath{\nu}$-Spallation Neutron Source and low energy beta beams. The former produces neutrinos by muon decay at rest from stopped pions, while the latter produces neutrinos from the beta decays of accelerated ions. These facilities can be used to measure cross sections for neutrino energies in the range of tens of mega-electron-volts, which are of interest for supernova studies. In this energy range there are many different components to the nuclear response and this makes the theoretical interpretation of the results of such an experiment complex. We examine the case of lead and suggest that the response can be disentangled by breaking the electron spectrum down into the parts produced in coincidence with one or two neutrons, running a beta beam at more than one energy, comparing the spectra produced with pions, and a beta beam or any combination of these.