cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emphysematous cystitis as complication in chronic rejection of renal transplant.

This 43-year-old Caucasian female presented in a septic condition in the emergency room. At the time of admission her temperature was 38.5 Celsius, white blood cells (WBC) 12800, red blood cells 3.8 mill, hemoglobin 10.8, hematocrit 36, urea 28 mg/dl, serum creatinine 3.2 mg/dl, K 5.8 meq/l, Na 128 meq/ l, alk ptsa 142 U/l. Urine analysis 50 WBC/hpf, innumerable bacteria/hpf, cellular debries, gas bubbles. Both urine and later blood cultures revealed E. coli. The lower abdomen and pelvis were exquisitely tender to palpation. Patient had been hemodialyzed 2 days earlier. Patient had received a cadavertransplant 3 years ago, which functioned well until 4 months ago. At this time chronic rejection was diagnosed. An antegrade pyelogram revealed a stricture at the implant site of the cadaver ureter, dilatation and possible ulcerations of the mid – and upper ureter. Bullous edema of the native bladder was seen, most prominent near the implant site. Immunosuppressive therapy was instituted and despite these efforts, function of the transplant kidney continued to deteriorate and the patient was finally put on hemodialysis 1 month ago. It was contemplated to perform a ureteroneo-calicostomy with the still present native ureter to hopefully salvage the kidney A non-contrast multi-detector computed tomography demonstrated gas in the submucosa and bladder, and also extravesical anterior to the bladder (Figure-1). Strands of debries and sloughed tissue surrounded by air are seen in the bladder lumen (arrow). Gas has dissected along the anterior abdominal wall (Figure-2). A coronal reconstruction shows relatively little striation in the perirenal space. There is edema in the peripelvic area and around the upper ureter (Figure-3). To control the fulminating gas forming infection, bladder, transplant kidney and ureter were removed, the space of Retzius drained. Depending on the severity of the infection and underlying conditions such as diabetes mere control of the diabetes and appropriate antibiotic therapy may suffice while severe forms may mandate surgical intervention to remove the necrotic debries (1-3). After prolonged antibiotic
The interval logarithmic number system

We introduce the interval logarithmic number system (ILNS), in which the logarithmic number system (LNS) is used as the underlying number system for interval arithmetic. The basic operations in ILNS are introduced and an efficient method for performing ILNS addition and subtraction is presented. We compare ILNS to interval floating point (IFP) for a few sample applications. For applications like the N-body problem, which have a large percentage of multiplies, divides and square roots, ILNS provides much narrower intervals than IFP. In other applications, like the fast Fourier transform, where addition and subtraction dominate, ILNS and IFP produce intervals having similar widths. Based on our analysis, ILNS is an attractive alternative to IFP for application that can tolerate low to moderate precisions.
Why polynomial formulas in soft computing, decision making, etc.?

We show that in many application areas including soft constraints reasonable requirements of scale-invariance lead to polynomial formulas for combining degrees (of certainty, of preference, etc.)
Bactericidal Action of Fresh Rabbit Blood Against Brucella abortus

A photometric method was used to measure the bactericidal kinetics for Brucella abortus of freshly drawn rabbit blood during the time before clotting. This antibrucellar activity varied between rabbits in different immunologic states. Nonimmunized rabbits had moderate bactericidal activity after a lag of about 2 min. The blood of some immunized rabbits gave an immediate and strong kill, but in certain other immunized rabbits, especially when hyperimmunized, the bactericidal activity was inhibited. It appeared that serum bactericidins and complement are sometimes as active in unclotted blood as they are in serum. However, this bactericidal activity can be either increased or neutralized by immunization. The prozone bactericidal inhibition phenomenon (Neisser-Wechsberg) found in immune serum may, in fact, reflect inhibition taking place in vivo. Inhibition of the bactericidal activity in blood can contribute to the persistence of chronic infections and individual variations in resistance.
Mechanical Injury and Cytokines Cause Loss of Cartilage Integrity and Upregulate Proteins Associated with Catabolism, Immunity, Inflammation, and Repair

The objectives of this study were to perform a quantitative comparison of proteins released from cartilage explants in response to treatment with IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or mechanical compression injury in vitro and to interpret this release in the context of anabolic-catabolic shifts known to occur in cartilage in response to these insults in vitro and their implications in vivo. Bovine calf cartilage explants from 6-12 animals were subjected to injurious compression, TNF-alpha (100 ng/ml), IL-1beta (10 ng/ml), or no treatment and cultured for 5 days in equal volumes of medium. The pooled medium from each of these four conditions was labeled with one of four iTRAQ labels and subjected to nano-2D-LC/MS/MS on a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. Data were analysed by ProQuant for peptide identification and quantitation. k-means clustering and biological pathways analysis were used to identify proteins that may correlate with known cartilage phenotypic responses to such treatments. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha treatment caused a decrease in the synthesis of collagen subunits (p < 0.05) as well as increased release of aggrecan G2 and G3 domains to the medium (p < 0.05). MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were significantly increased by all treatments compared with untreated samples (p < 0.10). Increased release of proteins involved in innate immunity and immune cell recruitment were noted following IL-1beta and TNF-alpha treatment, whereas increased release of intracellular proteins was seen most dramatically with mechanical compression injury. Proteins involved in insulin-like growth factor and TGF-beta superfamily pathway modulation showed changes in pro-anabolic pathways that may represent early repair signals. At the systems level, two principal components were sufficient to describe 97% of the covariance in the data. A strong correlation was noted between the proteins released in response to IL-1beta and TNF-alpha; in contrast, mechanical injury resulted in both similarities and unique differences in the groups of proteins released compared with cytokine treatment.
A typed intermediate language for supporting interfaces

Object-oriented languages such as Java and C# provide interfaces to support a restricted form of multiple inheritance. Existing low-level typed intermediate languages for object-oriented languages, however, either do not support interfaces or require non-standard interface implementations. This paper describes a low-level typed intermediate language that can express the standard interface implementation strategies based on interface tables (itables). The language can faithfully model itables, the standard itable-based interface method invocation, and interface cast. The type system is sound and the type checking is decidable.
Extending the image resolution of animal PET via accessory insert devices

We have developed two prototype micro insert devices based on a novel virtual-pinhole PET geometry. These devices can be integrated into an animal PET scanner to significantly enhance its image resolution. The first system consists of a rotation stage that rotates a high-resolution detector module within the animal port. The second system consists of 18 detector modules arranged in a ring. While both systems are capable of higher resolution PET imaging, the second approach enables dynamic and gated imaging, as well as higher sensitivity. Image reconstruction algorithms that specifically model the virtual-pinhole PET geometry are developed for the PET insert systems. Preliminary imaging experiments show improvement in transverse image resolution. To achieve quantitative accuracy, refined correction techniques for attenuation and scatter, as well as system normalization and detector dead time, will need to be developed for PET insert devices.
Neural correlates of fast stimulus discrimination and response selection in top-level fencers

Flexible adaptation of behaviour is highly required in some sports, such as fencing. In particular, stimulus discrimination and motor response selection and inhibition processes are crucial. We investigated the neural mechanisms responsible for fencers' fast and flexible behaviour recording event-related potentials (ERPs) in discriminative reaction task (DRT, Go/No-go task) and simple reaction task (SRT) to visual stimuli. In the DRT, in addition to faster RTs measured in fencers with respect to control subjects, three main electrophysiological differences were found. First, attentional modulation of the visual processing taking place in the occipital lobes and reaching a peak at 170 ms was enhanced in the athletes group. Second, the activity in the posterior cingulate gyrus, associated with the stimulus discrimination stage, started earlier in fencers than controls (150 ms versus 200 ms) and the peak had larger amplitude. Third, the activity at the level of the prefrontal cortex (time range: 250-350 ms), associated with response selection stage and particularly with motor inhibition process, was stronger in fencers. No differences between athletes and controls were found in the SRT for both ERPs and RTs. Concluding, the fencers' ability to cope to the opponent feint switching quickly from an intended action to a new more appropriate action is likely due to a faster stimulus discrimination facilitated by higher attention and by stronger inhibition activity in prefrontal cortex.
Control and supervision of a complex production process using hybrid systems techniques

New processing activities for the decommissioning of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II are being carried out at Argonne National Laboratory. The task addressed in this paper is a process to convert metallic sodium to sodium carbonate. The main idea is to characterize this sodium operation as a system that integrates real-time continuous and discrete-event components and then apply hybrid system techniques to design and implement the control and supervisory policies. This paper introduces the research in progress at ANL on this conversion process, the flow of material, and the hybrid control solution.
Socioeconomic Diversity, Political Engagement, and the Density of Nonprofit Organizations in U.S. Counties:

This study examines the hypothesis that a community’s heterogeneous demands for public service, represented by a community’s income inequality and racial-ethnic diversity, together with its level of political engagement, help explain the density of nonprofits in a local area. Using data on more than 3,000 U.S. counties, empirical analyses reveal that communities with a higher level of income inequality and political engagement tend to have more nonprofits per resident than otherwise similar communities. This pattern holds for the nonprofit sector overall and for 6 of the 10 major subsectors examined. These findings suggest that nonprofit organizations may fill a gap in the delivery of public services, especially when a community has a great variety of social and economic needs. This study thus highlights the role of income inequality as a factor in explaining the density of nonprofit organizations at the local level. Implications for public policy and administration are discussed.
The Relationship-Oriented Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model among Dyads

Transmission rates of HIV infection have increased steadily among heterosexual adults, however current theoretical models have not been tested statistically at the dyadic level in which risk behaviors occur. The purpose of the current study was to test an Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model of HIV risk behavior (IMB) specifically articulated for heterosexual couples in established relationships using data from both members of 75 dyads. The multilevel relationship-oriented information-motivation-behavioral skills (RELO-IMB) model was evaluated at the individual and dyadic level of analysis to examine partner differences on core variables. Results indicated that not only did the RELO-IMB model provide a good fit to the data when analyzed at the dyadic level, but that the structural relations among the core variables were quite different between the individual- and dyadic-level models. This is the first theoretical model of HIV risk behavior to be analyzed at the dyadic level, and the results suggest ways to effectively design intervention strategies for individuals in intimate relationships.
Leptin Activates Human B Cells to Secrete TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 via JAK2/STAT3 and p38MAPK/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway

Leptin, one of the adipokines, functions as a hormone and a cytokine. In this investigation, we show for the first time that leptin, in a concentration-dependent manner, activates human peripheral blood B cells to induce secretion of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Leptin increased B cells expressing CD25 and HLA-DR. Leptin induces phosphorylation of Janus activation kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Furthermore, leptin-induced cytokine secretion by B cells was blocked by inhibitors of JAK2, STAT3, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2. These data demonstrate that leptin activates human B cells to secrete cytokines via activation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which may contribute to its inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.
Osteopathia Striata Syndrome Clinical, Genetic and Radiologic Considerations

Osteopathia striata, an autosomal dominant disorder, has been diagnosed in a 19-year-old mildly retarded woman. In addition, she has macrocephaly, a leonine facies, disfigurement of the lower jaw, a cleft palate and mixed hear ing loss. Roentgenograms of the skull and long bones show thickening of the calvarium, particularly at the base, mandibular hyperplasia, and striations in the long bones and pelvis. Except for the cleft palate, which has not been previously reported, and the retardation, which appears to be quite uncommon in this condition, these findings are characteristic of osteopathia striata. Be cause the disorder may resemble several other conditions, the differential diagnosis should include osteopoikilosis, the autosomal dominant form of osteopetrosis, and hyperostosis corticalis generalisata.
Asymmmetric Diamino Functionalization of Nanotubes Assisted by BOC Protection and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites

Homogenous dispersion and strong interfacial bonding are prerequisites for taking full advantage of the mechanical properties of nanotubes in a composite. In order to simultaneously achieve both conditions, a highly efficient and mechanically non-destructive functionalization of nanotubes is developed. With fluoronanotubes as the precursor, asymmetric diamine molecules, N-BOC-1,6-diaminohexane, are used to replace fluorines on the wall of fluoro-nanotubes and construct covalent bonding to the surface of the nanotubes. A BOC de-protection reaction is conducted and the resulting exposed amino groups create strong covalent bonds with the matrix in the course of epoxy ring-opening etherification and curing chemical reactions. In comparison with the conventional functionalization based on symmetric diamine molecules, the functionalized nanotubes derived from the BOC-protected diamine molecule are more dispersed within the epoxy matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the functionalized nanotubes have better crosslinking with the matrix. The composites reinforced by the nanotubes demonstrate improvement in various mechanical properties. The Young's Modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and storage modulus of composites loaded with 0.5 wt% functionalized nanotubes are enhanced by 30%, 25%, and 10%, respectively, compared with the neat epoxy. The increase of the glass transition temperature, as much as 10 °C, makes the composites suited for engineering applications under higher temperatures. The new functionalization method allows for an competitive enhancement in the composite performance in use of relatively low cost raw nanotubes at a small loading level. The reinforcement mechanism of the functionalized nanotubes in the epoxy resin is discussed.
Good advice and little medicine: the professional authority of early modern English physicians.

Henry:Then you perceive the body of our kingdom, How foul it is;What rank diseases grow, and with what danger, near the heart of it.Warwick:It is but body, yet distempered, Which to his formerStrength may be restored with good advise and little medicine.[Shakespeare, Henry IV]Shakespeare's words remind us that in the learned traditions of Renaissance Europe, good advice remained more important than potent medicines for restoring both physical and political states to their previous strengths. As the lord advised the king, so a physician advised his patient, or lawyer his client, or minister his flock: preventing troubles was worth far more than cure, and the best remedy even when matters went wrong was good advice on how to return to a state of harmony. Still, plenty of quacks in politics and medicine, law and church, advocated strong measures, not helping people to live in accordance with their world but attempting to alter the conditions under which they lived. Bad advice and powerful remedies seemed to be everywhere, trampling good council and temperate behavior. The connections between learning and authority that lay behind claims to authority in general are especially well illuminated by the ways in which the physicians argued for possessing, maintaining, and extending their professional privileges.Among all the number and variety of medical practitioners in early modern England, one small group self-consciously considered itself to be professional: the physicians. As one of the three learned professions surviving from the Middle Ages, the “medical profession” has been a crucial test case for various definitions of what a profession is or was.
Hemispheric laterality measured in Rembrandt's portraits using pupil diameter and aesthetic verbal judgements

Eckhard Hess claimed that pupils dilate to pleasant images and constrict to unpleasant images. However, his work was confounded since his image's luminances and contrasts across conditions were inconsistent. We overcome this limitation and suggest a new, promising methodology for research in this area. We presented rightward or leftward facing male and female portraits by Rembrandt to observers in either their original or mirror-reversed position. Since emotional content may be expressed differently on each side of the face, we used Rembrandt's portraits since most of his males had their right-cheek exposed and females had their left-cheek exposed. This raises questions regarding the emotional and cognitive significance of such biased positioning. Simultaneously, we measured observers pupil size while asking observers to report how (dis)pleasing they found each image. We found that in viewing male portraits pupil diameter was a function of arousal. That is, larger pupil diameter occurred for images rated both low and high in pleasantness. We discuss these findings in regard to the perceived dominance of males and how emotional expressions may be driven by hemispheric laterality.
Sharing networked workstations: a performance model

The utilization of networked, shared, heterogeneous workstations as an inexpensive parallel computational platform is an appealing idea. However, most performance models for parallel computation are oriented towards the use of tightly-coupled, dedicated, homogeneous processors. We develop and validate an analytic performance model for synchronous iterative algorithms executing on networked workstations. The model includes the effects of application load, background load, and processor heterogeneity. The model is validated using a pair of applications: a nonlinear optimization code and discrete-event simulation. >
Development of Th17-Associated Interstitial Kidney Inflammation in Lupus-Prone Mice Lacking the Gene Encoding STAT-1.

Objective Type I interferon (IFN) signaling is a central pathogenic pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and therapeutics targeting type I IFN signaling are in development. Multiple proteins with overlapping functions play a role in IFN signaling, but the signaling events downstream of receptor engagement are unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the roles of the type I and type II IFN signaling components IFN-α/β/ω receptor 2 (IFNAR-2), IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF-9), and STAT-1 in a mouse model of SLE. Methods We used immunohistochemical staining and highly multiplexed assays to characterize pathologic changes in histology, autoantibody production, cytokine/chemokine profiles, and STAT phosphorylation in order to investigate the individual roles of IFNAR-2, IRF-9, and STAT-1 in MRL/lpr mice. Results We found that STAT-1(-/-) mice, but not IRF-9(-/-) or IFNAR-2(-/-) mice, developed interstitial nephritis characterized by infiltration with retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt-positive lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. Despite pronounced interstitial kidney disease and abnormal kidney function, STAT-1(-/-) mice had decreased proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and autoantibody production. Phosphospecific flow cytometry revealed shunting of STAT phosphorylation from STAT-1 to STAT-3/4. Conclusion We describe unique contributions of STAT-1 to pathology in different kidney compartments in a mouse model, and provide potentially novel insight into tubulointerstitial nephritis, a poorly understood complication that predicts end-stage kidney disease in SLE patients.
The Immunology of the Insulin Receptor

We have detected and characterized anti-insulin-receptor autoantibodies which circulate in several patients with insulin resistant diabetes. These antibodies are predominantly IgG and are polyclonal. They inhibit insulin binding to its receptor on a variety of tissues from widely separated species. Antibodies obtained from different patients appear to bind to different determinants on the receptor and alter receptor function in several ways. Some anti-receptor antibodies are capable of stimulating insulin-like effects on target tissues, while others block insulin-stimulated effects. Direct labeling of anti-receptor antibody with I permits use of these antibodies as an assay and probe of insulin receptors.
Effect of Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Open Angle Glaucoma: Our Experience

Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was performed in 232 eyes of 180 patients affected by uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliation syndrome glaucoma (ESG) or pigment dispersion syndrome glaucoma (PDSG). Mean follow-up was 9 months (3, 22). Mean IOP change was — 21.6% (± 19) from the initial value. The effect on IOP was larger in patients with ESG, PDSG, and in POAG cases with more pigmented trabecular meshwork. No relationship was found between IOP changes and age of patients. An Octopus,computerized perimeter was used for pre- and post-treatment visual field tests. In 113 eyes Octopus exams met the requirements for quantitative analysis. In this group 17% of visual fields improved, 55% remained stable and 28% worsened. A good functional response was more frequent among the eyes with less advanced disease.
PSEUDOMONAS COLONIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY

Pseudomonas has been an important cause of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries. To determine the possible reservoirs of Pseudomonas, colonization with Pseudomonas was studied in 52 inpatients and 28 outpatients with spinal cord injuries. Body sites, the environment, and hospital staff were cultured. There was a high prevalence of colonization of the urethra, perineum, and rectum. Pseudomonas was isolated from one or more of these sites in 85% of male inpatients and in 71% of male outpatients. Significant bacteriuria with Pseudomonas was found in 37% of inpatients and 13% of male outpatients. Urethral colonization in men was significantly associated with the use of the external urethral catheter. Culturing the patient's perineum was a sensitive indicator of patient colonization. The urinary drainage bag was another frequent reservoir of Pseudomonas. More than one-half of these patients did not have significant bacteriuria and presumably the drainage bag was colonized from the urethra or perineum. The rates of urethral, perineal, and rectal carriage were higher than those described previously. These rates may be accounted for by the use of the external urethral catheters. Other factors, such as rectal manipulation, and fecal incontinence may be important in these groups of patients.
The Potential of Monensin for Body Weight Control and Ad Libitum Feeding of Broiler Breeders from Day-Old to Sexual Maturity

Abstract A total of 180 male and 360 female day-old Indian River broiler breeder chicks were randomly allocated to 18 floor pens in an open-sided pullet brooding and growing house. The birds were subjected to six growing systems that were a combination of three levels of monensin (100, 300, and 400 ppm) and two levels of starter crude protein (CP) (14 and 18% CP) in a randomized complete block design. The basal diets were formulated to be isocaloric, containing 2920 kcal ME/kg. Birds fed 100 ppm of monensin were feed restricted and served as controls, while birds fed 300 or 400 ppm of the drug were fed ad libitum from day-old to sexual maturity. The parameters determined were biweekly individual body weights, feed consumption, internal organ weights, bone and serum mineral composition, and mortality to 21 weeks of age. In general, birds fed high levels of monensin plus ad libitum feeding from day-old were more variable in body weight compared to the feed-restricted controls. In the females, high levels of monensin in the diet were associated with significant reductions in body weight, even with ad libitum feeding, to 21 weeks of age. Male birds fed 300 ppm of the drug were significantly heavier than the feed-restricted controls but were still within the range recommended at this age. High levels of monensin in the diet were associated with a significant reduction in cumulative ad libitum feed consumption compared to the feed-restricted controls. High levels of monensin were also associated with a significant increase in heart weight as a percent of body weight and a significant reduction in gizzard weight as a percent of body weight. No significant differences among the growing systems in bone and serum calcium, magnesium, and sodium were noted, but bone potassium was significantly increased by high levels of monensin. Mortality was significantly increased at 400 ppm of monensin with the low protein diet. It was concluded that monensin can be used as an appetite suppressant at a level between 300 to 400 ppm to permit ad libitum feeding of broiler breeder chicks from day-old to 21 weeks of age.
Biologic tests in psychiatry.

Neurobiologie research has discovered a number of abnormalities that might serve as biologic markers for specific psychiatric disorders. Tests for these markers could aid in differential diagnosis and in the choice and monitoring of treatment. Tests with potential clinical utility in affective illness (unipolar and bipolar depression and mania), panic disorder, and schizophrenia are discussed.
Microsurgical anatomy of the arachnoidal trabecular membranes and cisterns at the level of the tentorium

A clear and thorough understanding of the neuroanatomical structures of the subarachnoid cisterns is important because they provide natural pathways to intracranial arteries, veins, and nerves during microvascular procedures without disturbing surrounding important brain structures. Using a surgical microscope, we examined the microsurgical anatomy of the trabecular membranes and subarachnoid cisterns in 20 adult cadaver brains. The brains were immersed in Ringer's solution and air was injected into the subarachnoid cisterns while the brains remained submerged in solution. We identified seven trabecular membranes that limit six cisterns. We specifically looked at the anatomical relationship between the trabecular membranes and cisterns and their corresponding vessels and cranial nerves. The cistern divisions and the dispositions of trabecular membranes were closely related to the vascular division patterns of the principal brain arteries.
Manual for Using Homomorphic Encryption for Bioinformatics

Biological data science is an emerging field facing multiple challenges for hosting, sharing, computing on, and interacting with large data sets. Privacy regulations and concerns about the risks of leaking sensitive personal health and genomic data add another layer of complexity to the problem. Recent advances in cryptography over the last five years have yielded a tool, homomorphic encryption, which can be used to encrypt data in such a way that storage can be outsourced to an untrusted cloud, and the data can be computed on in a meaningful way in encrypted form, without access to decryption keys. This paper introduces homomorphic encryption to the bioinformatics community, and presents an informal “manual” for using the Simple Encrypted Arithmetic Library (SEAL), which we have made publicly available for bioinformatic, genomic, and other research purposes.
Experiments with Language Models for Known-Item Finding of E-mail Messages.

We present experiments using language models to rank e-mail messages for the Known-Item Finding task of the Enterprise track. We combine evidence from the text of the message, its subject, the text of the thread the in which the message occurs, and the text of messages that are in reply to the message. We find that the only statistically significant differences suggest that in addition to the text of the message, the subject is a very important piece of evidence. We also explore the use of a depth based prior, where emphasis is place on messages near the root of the thread structure, which has mixed results.
Older Adults, Pets, and Intergenerational Service Learning

This chapter expands on the topic addressed in Chap. 20. The previous chapter focused on older adults, men in particular, and pet ownership. It provided the foundation for this chapter by exploring the psychological and physiological benefits of pet ownership for older adults, and how important this relationship is for many seniors. The current chapter explores one way to support this bond—intergenerational service learning. The chapter begins with helping set the stage by providing an overview of how older adults are viewed in the United States. It then moves into describing service learning, including intergenerational service learning, before moving into a description of a specific intergenerational service learning program designed to support older adults’ bond with their companion animals.
Measurement of Cardiac Output and Blood Volume During Hemodialysis with Fluorescent Dye Dilution Technique.

Intradialytic hypotensive events (IDH) accompanied by deleterious decreases of the cardiac output complicate up to 25% of hemodialysis treatments. Monitoring options available to track hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis have been found ineffective to anticipate the occurrence of IDH. We have assembled opto-electronic instrumentation that uses the fluorescence of a small bolus of indocyanine green dye injected in the hemodialysis circuit to estimate cardiac output and blood volume based on indicator dilution principles in patients receiving hemodialysis. The instrument and technique were tested in 24 adult end-stage renal failure subjects during 64 hemodialysis sessions. A single calibration factor could be used across subjects and across time. Intra-subject variability of the measurements over time was <10%. Stroke volume index (SVI) (mean ± SEM = 34 ± 1 vs. 39 ± 2 mL m−2) and central blood volume (CBV) index (783 ± 36 vs. 881 ± 33 mL m−2) were lower at the beginning of the sessions in which IDH eventually occurred. Cardiac index, SVI, and CBV index decreased with hemodialysis in all treatment sessions but the decrease was more intense in the IDH sessions. We conclude that hemodynamic monitoring can be implemented in patients receiving hemodialysis with minimal disruption of the treatment and could help understand intradialytic hypotension.
aaBBB: The Strophic Form of Fernan Rodriguez de Calheiros 7

The refrain of a cantiga d’amigo by Fernan Rodriguez Calheiros (B 632/V 233), heretofore misunderstood as consisting of five verses, should be taken as a 3-verse refrain with two internal rhymes in the middle verse, conforming to the strophic form aaBBB. This analysis is confirmed by two virtuoso features: the middle verse of the BBB refrain scans longer than the outer ones but corresponds to the verses of the distich; and the text constitutes an example of a BBB refrain where the third verse repeats the first.
Space physics and policy for contemporary society

Space physics is the study of Earth's home in space. Elements of space physics include how the Sun works from its interior to its atmosphere, the environment between the Sun and planets out to the interstellar medium, and the physics of the magnetic barriers surrounding Earth and other planets. Space physics is highly relevant to society. Space weather, with its goal of predicting how Earth's technological infrastructure responds to activity on the Sun, is an oft-cited example, but there are many more. Space physics has important impacts in formulating public policy.
Map Classification and Layout

Map layer, that represent features in GIS, has more than its location and shape. The GIS layer can be associated with different information. For a river, this might include its name, length, and its water quality. For a county, this might include its population, ethnic group, household, income, age, and others. The information associated with a feature in a GIS is called an attribute. For example, population can be an attribute of a city, country, and other features. Feature attributes are stored in an attribute table. In an attribute table, each feature is a record and each attribute is a field. The attributes for all the features in a layer are stored in the same attribute table.
Atmospheric leach process of high-chromitite PGM-bearing oxidized mineralized ore through a single-stage and two-stage techniques

Abstract The fast depletion of sulfide PGM-bearing minerals and the deteriorating socio-political environments in most primary PGM producing countries have triggered interest in exploring the recovery of these metals from high-chromium PGM-bearing oxidized ores – sometimes contain relatively high marketable PGM values – which have proven to be more difficult to process by conventional metallurgical practice which involves grinding, milling, froth flotation into a sulfide concentrate, smelting and matte production and chemical refining. This paper reports the results of an extensive evaluation campaign performed in both acidic sulfuric and chloride media. Leach tests were conducted in either a single-stage or a two-stage process and the results are compared and contrasted. Using a high-chromium PGM oxidized mineralized ore, the hybrid pyro-hydrometallurgical and low-temperature single-stage salt chlorination process proved successful for simultaneously and efficiently leaching Cu, Ni, Pt and Pd without the need and/or addition of further oxidizing agents. The technique is expected to be a direct treatment route from flotation concentrate to PGM refinery feed. Various chlorinating agents, including CaCl2, MgCl2, SnCl2 and AlCl3, were tested. A CaCl2 and MgCl2 mixture acted synergistically for simultaneous dissolution of both Pt and Pd, achieving 99.7% Pt and 100% Pd recovery when thermally calcined at 650 °C, at a heating rate of 5.42 °C/minute for 6 h, and then leached at 90 °C for a minimum of 3 h in 6 M HCl. Copper and nickel extraction were lower but had not plateaued even after 24 h reaching 75.4 and 90.9% extraction respectively. It was also observed that when MgCl2 was used on its own, it dissolves more platinum than palladium, while the opposite was true using CaCl2. The leaching process was controlled by surface chemical reactions with a determined activation energy of 46 kJ/mol. The dissolution rate was limited by the ratio of HCl volume-to-solid content. The recovery mechanism of Pt from PtAs2 and some recommendations for future prospects have been suggested.
Perception of acoustic sequences

This chapter highlights the importance of perception of acoustic sequences. Perception of speech and music involves initial recognition of groupings consisting of several sounds. Identification of order within sequences of speech sounds is a rather special process facilitated by articulatory transitions between phonemes of the sort normally encountered within speech. It has been assumed for some time that the ability to distinguish between different arrangements of the same sounds requires that listeners be able to identify the order of components. However, recent evidence indicates that permuted orders of speech sounds and permuted orders of unrelated sounds can be distinguished without the ability to identify the orders within the sequences. Two different processes need to be employed for distinguishing between permuted orders of sounds within extended sequences: (1) direct identification of components and their orders, and (2) holistic pattern recognition. Direct identification of components and their orders is limited by the time required for the verbal labeling of sounds. Sequences consisting of the same sounds in different orders can be discriminated through a holistic pattern recognition at item durations too brief to permit direct identification of order.
ADNI-GO: 18F-AV-45 as an imaging bio-marker for Alzheimer’s disease

2430 Objectives Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and the need for pathological diagnosis in living subjects is important. Postmortem Alzheimer’s disease can be characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaque in the brain. The purpose of the ADNI-GO study was to evaluate the new radiopharmaceutical 18F-AV-45 (AV45) and its effectiveness as an imaging biomarker for amyloid plaque accumulation in subjects with cognitive impairment that may be attributed to the presence of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods Four subjects have been enrolled in this study at Northwestern Memorial Hospital thus far. Two of the subjects were identified as having early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI) and two were enrolled as normal controls. Subjects underwent a 18F-FDG (FDG) study and subsequent imaging with AV45. A Siemens BioGraph 40 TruePoint PET/CT scanner was used. PET/CT images were acquired 30 minutes after administration of 5 mCi of FDG and 50 minutes after administration of 9 mCi of AV45. Prior to imaging, patients were positioned, marked and assessed to determine if patient motion occurred. Reconstruction of the images was performed per the ADNI-GO protocol, as defined by the LONI Laboratory. For the purpose of this investigation, reconstructions were performed per the department’s clinical PET brain protocol, reviewed and compared to published AV45 results. Results The AV45 images of the eMCI subjects were significantly different from normal controls, demonstrating increased accumulation of AV45. When compared to previously published literature, the two eMCI brain images were strikingly similar. Conclusions As demonstrated in published literature, AV45 is an effective radiopharmaceutical in identifying subjects with eMCI. AV45 accumulation, as a marker for beta-amyloid plaque buildup, was prominently seen in subjects with eMCI. Ideally, these four subjects would continue to be followed in the ADNI 2 protocol, which is designed to image subjects over the next five years
Long-term follow-up of hepatic adenoma and adenomatosis: analysis of size change on imaging with histopathological correlation.

Aim To analyse the change in size on follow-up of hepatic adenomas (HAs) and adenomatosis, and to investigate the relationship of imaging features with size change. Materials and methods The study included 44 patients (142 lesions) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis and follow-up of HA. The imaging features and percentage change in maximum tumour dimension were observed over a follow-up duration of up to 139 months. Results With an average follow-up of 43 months, 37% lesions decreased in size, 58% were stable, 4% increased; one lesion regressed completely. Adenomas were stratified into size groups ( 0.05). Percent size change was different for lesions followed for ≤12 months (−7.2%) compared with lesions followed for 13–60 months (−20.5%), and those followed for ≥60 months (−23.5%; p 0.05). Conclusion Most adenomas were either stable or regressed on follow-up. Size change was independent of baseline size. After an initial size decrease within 5 years, no further size reduction was noted on extended follow-up. The percent size change in the HA-H and HA-I subtype was similar.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for resilience assessment of a coastal community

Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) can be used to evaluate and quantify tsunami hazards for planning of integrated community-level preparedness, including mitigation of casualties and dollar losses, and to study resilient solutions for coastal communities. PTHA can provide several outputs such as the intensity measures (IMs) of the hazard quantified as a function of the recurrence interval of a tsunami event. In this paper, PTHA is developed using a logic tree approach based on numerical modeling for tsunami generated along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The PTHA is applied to a community on the US Pacific Northwest Coast located in Newport, Oregon. Results of the PTHA are provided for five IMs: inundation depth, flow speed, specific momentum flux, arrival time, and duration of inundation. The first three IMs are predictors of tsunami impact on the natural and built environment, and the last two are useful for tsunami evacuation and immediate response planning. Results for the five IMs are presented as annual exceedance probability for sites within the community along several transects with varying bathymetric and topographic features. Community-level characteristics of spatial distribution of each IM for three recurrence intervals (500, 1000, 2500 year) are provided. Results highlight the different pattern of IMs between land and river transects, and significant magnitude variation of IMs due to complex bathymetry and topographic conditions at the various recurrence intervals. IMs show relatively higher magnitudes near the coastline, at the low elevation regions, and at the harbor channel. In addition, results indicate a positive correlation between inundation depth and other IMs near the coastline, but a weaker correlation at inland locations. Values of the Froude number ranged 0.1–1.0 over the inland inundation area. In general, the results in this study highlight the spatial differences in IMs and suggest the need to include multiple IMs for resilience planning for a coastal community subjected to tsunami hazards.
Ground Validation of Airborne Snow Observatory Spectral and Broadband Snow Albedo During Snowex ’17

Despite the well-established understanding that the timing and magnitude of snowmelt is determined by net solar radiation, ground and remotely sensed measurements of snow reflectance and albedo at relevant [spatial, spectral, or temporal] resolution are sparse, particularly in complex mountainous terrain. The Airborne Snow Observatory, a coupled lidar and imaging spectrometer platform, has been monitoring time series of snow reflectance over entire mountain basins since 2013 and the ASO imaging spectrometer products, including albedo, build upon a legacy of algorithms for retrieving snow properties from the unique spectral signature of snow. Here, we present a ground validation of ASO spectral and broadband snow albedo from coincident ground measurements collected in Senator Beck Basin, San Juan Mountains, CO, USA during the February 2017 NASA SnowEx field campaign.
Design Space Exploration of Memory Controller Placement in Throughput Processors with Deep Learning

As throughput-oriented processors incur a significant number of data accesses, the placement of memory controllers (MCs) has a critical impact on overall performance. However, due to the lack of a systematic way to explore the huge design space of MC placements, only a few ad-hoc placements have been proposed, leaving much of the opportunity unexploited. In this paper, we present a novel deep-learning based framework that explores this opportunity intelligently and automatically. The proposed framework employs a genetic algorithm to efficiently guide exploration through the large design space while utilizing deep learning methods to provide fast performance prediction of design points instead of relying on slow full system simulations. Evaluation shows that, the proposed deep learning models achieves a speedup of 282X for the search process, and the MC placement found by our framework improves the average performance (IPC) of 18 benchmarks by 19.3 percent over the best-known placement found by human intuition.
Plastic scintillators based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence dyes

Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dyes are a class of luminescent organic compounds capable of the conversion of triplet to singlet excited states for increased photon emission efficiency, and these classes of dyes have recently attracted a great deal of attention for their potential use in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). For organic scintillators utilizing conventional fluorescent dyes, triplet excited states generated from energy deposition of the incident particle’s energy can be converted to singlets via triplet–triplet annihilation, which leads to the delayed pulse tail characteristic of organic scintillators, but is not overall a particularly efficient process for triplet to singlet conversion. In this work, we investigated the applicability of the use of TADF dyes in organic scintillators, in particular for their capability for triplet to singlet conversion, and how these unique properties impact the overall scintillation photophysics. In particular, the prospects of using TADF dyes as a means for increased light yield as well as for efficient pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties are directly addressed. In doing do, we explored the prominent effect that the dye’s singlet–triplet splitting energy ( Δ E ST ) – a parameter fundamental to the realization of efficient TADF processes – has on determining these properties, and our findings suggest that TADF dyes could eventually enable an entirely new generation of high performance organic scintillators.
Is economics STEM? Trends in the discipline from 1997 to 2018

The authors of this article examine trends in the economics discipline regarding the classification of some undergraduate economics majors, i.e., econometrics and quantitative economics degrees, as...
Cabinet Work: Mary Wroth and the World

This article reconsiders English domestic writing in the wake of the global turn in early modern studies, taking Mary Wroth’s The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania ([1621] 1995), the first romance wr...
Validation of computerized reflective function: A replication study.

Objective: The Reflective Function (RF) Scale is the original validated measure of mentalizing, applied to Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) transcripts. This study aimed to replicate the preliminar...
Abstract 12869: Association of Statin Therapy and Progression of Arterial Stiffness in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background: Statin therapy may alter arterial stiffness by decreasing the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content within blood vessel walls and reducing inflammation. Progression of art...