cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Structure of the Lithosphere: A Petrologic Model

A preliminary evaluation of the thermal history of the upper mantle as determined by petrologic techniques indicates a general correspondence with theoretically derived models. The petrologic data supply direct information which may be used as an independent calibration of calculated models, serve as a base for evaluating the assumptions of the theoretical approach, and allow more careful selection of the variables describing mantle thermal properties and processes. Like the theoretical counterpart, the petrological approach indicates that the lithosphere is dominated by two thermal regimes: first, there is a continental regime which cools at rates of the order of 109 years and represents the longterm cooling of the earth. Secondly, superimposed on the continental evolution is the thermal event associated with the formation of an oceanic basin, and which may be thought of as a 108 year convective perturbation on the continental cycle. Of special interest is petrologic evidence for a sudden steepening of the thermal gradients across the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary not seen in the theoretical models. The unexpected change of slope points to the need for a critical reevaluation of the thermal processes and properties extant in the asthenosphere. The potential of the petrologic contribution has yet to be fully realized. For a start, this article points to an important body of independent evidence critical to our understanding of the earth9s thermal history.
Beam characteristics in cyclotron Analogue II

The beam characteristics of the eight-sector fixed-frequency electron cyclotron, Analogue II, are analyzed. The Analogue accelerates electrons to beyond the integral resonance v r = 2, which occurs at an energy of 443 keV. The resonance previously identified as the radial resonance v r = 4/3 is actually the difference coupling resonance v r - v z = 1. All evidence of this resonance is eliminated by precise cancellation of the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field. The tendency for the beam to move away from the median plane near maximum radius and the large amplitude axial motion at the sum coupling resonance v r + v z = 2, were both found to be associated with a distorted median plane. The effects can be largely eliminated by a slight unbalance of the currents in the upper and lower halves of the circular coils which produce the average magnetic field. A new measurement of the minimum dee voltage required to accelerate electrons to full energy gave a value of 60 volts rms. This indicates a maximum energy gain of 170 eV/turn; at least 2600 turns are achieved. A beam current of a few microamperes at full energy is obtained with a dee voltage of 180 V rms.
Design and synthesis of highly reactive photopolymerizable epoxy monomers

The synthesis of a series of novel cationically photopolymerizable epoxide monomers bearing benzyl, allyl, and propargyl acetal and ether groups that can stabilize free radicals was carried out. These monomers display enhanced reactivity in cationic photopolymerization in the presence of certain onium salt photoinitiators. Specifically, this article describes schemes for the synthesis of cycloaliphatic epoxy monomers bearing free-radical stabilizing groups. During UV irradiation of an onium salt cationic photoinitiator, the aryl radicals that are generated abstract labile protons present in such monomers to generate the corresponding carbon-centered radicals. Subsequently, these radicals can interact with the onium salt by a redox mechanism to induce the decomposition of these salts. The overall result is that additional cationic species are generated by this mechanism that increase the rate and extent of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of the epoxide monomer. An investigation of the photopolymerizations of the monomers prepared during this work was carried out using Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy, and conclusions were drawn with respect to the relationship between their structures and reactivity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2385–2395, 2001
A Web-based lab manual for CS 1: an experiment

No one can deny the impact the web is having on education. Computer Science education is no exception. Computer literacy classes now include units on web surfing and personal web page creation [6]. Data structures students have web tools for viewing algorithms and dynamic data structures [2, 4-5]. Computer graphics students have 2D and 3D visualization tools [7], and database students learn to access remote databases using ODBC or JDBC over the web [1]. Special courses in web technologies are being added to the curriculum in many departments [3]. It is only natural for a laboratory manual for Computer Science 1 to be presented as an interactive web document. Pedagogically, how does such a laboratory manual compare with the traditional hard-copy manual? What are its strengths and weaknesses? Which approach do students prefer? We sought to answer these and other questions from our empirical study of Computer Science I students. The results of the study and the lessons learned will be described in this article.
Upper and lower bounds for frequencies of trapezoidal and triangular plates

Upper and lower bounds are given for the two lowest frequencies of vibration of clamped trapezoidal and triangular plates. It is believed that this is the first time that rigorous bounds have been calculated for the vibrational frequencies of plates of these shapes.
Decreased 3H-diazepam binding is a specific response to chronic benzodiazepine treatment

Abstract Specific 3 H-diazepam binding was measured in rat cortex after 7–10 days of twice daily treatment with large doses of either flurazepam or barbital. Subjective ratings of drug response each day showed that barbital treated rats experienced a degree of ataxia equal to, or greater than, that experienced by the benzodiazepine treated animals. Before performing the binding assay, the membrane preparation was washed 3 times in hypotonic buffer to remove aby residual drug. Flurazepam treatment caused a 16% decrease in maximal 3 H-diazepam binding, but no change in binding affinity, confirming previous results. In contrast, barbital treatment caused no change in either binding affinity or in maximal binding. Thus, decreased diazepam binding appears to be a specific response to prolonged receptor occupation, and not part of a more generalized adaptation to chronic CNS depression.
Shipping charges and shipping-charge skepticism: Implications for direct marketers’ pricing formats

The purpose of this research is to develop a theoretical framework for understanding consumer response to direct marketers’ pricing formats based on shoppers’perceptions of fairness. As part of this effort, we introduce an individual difference variable we call shipping-charge skepticism. An experiment is conducted (n = 189) to examine whether offers are more appealing when shipping charges are bundled into a single price or partitioned out separately from a base product price. We demonstrate that when an external reference price is available, shipping-charge skeptics prefer direct marketers’ offers more in a bundled price format, whereas non-skeptics prefer them more in an unbundled price format. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
How Representative are AMS Membership Surveys

Statistics regarding the fractional participation of women in meteorology/atmospheric sciences gathered by the AMS are quite similar to those based on annual National Science Foundation (NSF) surveys. The absolute numbers in the biennial AMS/UCAR survey of academic departments for the Curricula series ceased being useful by around 2005, when many departments stopped participating fully, but numbers from less-frequent direct AMS membership surveys have been increasing. Despite the limitations of the AMS data, the NSF statistics confirm conclusions from an earlier analysis of AMS data. Both numbers and percentages are required to tell the evolving story of the atmospheric sciences' “pipeline.” Furthermore, after correction of an error regarding the AMS statistics in our 2010 paper, both NSF and AMS data show the same increase in the proportion of women graduate students in the field over the last four decades, as well as an apparent leveling off at approximately one-third.
The interpretation of the seismogram

The first thing to be determined on the seismogram is the time of arrival of the several groups of waves. In connection with data on the time and place of the shock recorded we construct the transmission curve. Although the form of this curve is fairly well known at present it is by no means very accurately known. It serves two important purposes, to locate the origin of earthquakes when not otherwise known, such as submarine shocks or those occurring in uncivilized regions; and it helps to explore the interior of the earth. If the ratio of the elasticity to the density changes suddenly at some depth below the earth's surface, the velocity of transmission will change there and we should expect a slight sudden change in the tangent of the transmission curve. Earlier claims of surfaces of discontinuity were based on supposed changes of the above type; but the accuracy of the transmission curve was not sufficient to yield reliable results.
Vanadate Induction of NF-κB Involves IκB Kinase β and SAPK/ERK Kinase 1 in Macrophages

The present studies investigated the signaling pathways of vanadate, a vanadium ion with +5 oxidation state, to activate NF-κB transcription factor, a pivotal regulator of inflammatory responses. Treatment of macrophages with vanadate results in the activation of both NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The activity of a recently identified cellular kinase, IκB kinase-β (IKKβ), was significantly elevated concomitant with the increased degradation of IκBα and enhanced NF-κB activity in cells exposed to vanadate. To determine whether the IKK pathway and JNK pathway are interconnected or bifurcate upon vanadate stimulation, cells were transfected with either a kinase inactive form of IKKβ or a kinase inactive form of SAPK/ERK kinase 1 (SEK1). Inactive IKKβ was able to block vanadate-induced degradation of IκBα, yet it was unable to influence the activation of JNK by vanadate. Conversely, blockage of JNK activation by transfection of a kinase-inactive form of SEK1 resulted in partially inhibition of vanadate-induced IκBα degradation. Both vanadate-induced degradation of IκBα and activation of JNK were potently inhibited by pretreatment of cells withN-acetylcysteine or dimercaprol. These results demonstrate that early activation of stress kinases or change of cellular redox states plays a key role in vanadate-induced activation of NF-κB and JNK.
Environmental fate of sacrificial zinc anodes and influence of a biofilm

Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the environmental fate of zinc compounds formed during sacrificial dissolution of zinc anodes in seawater and to further determine the role of biofilms in mobilizing/immobilizing zinc corrosion products. Experimental conditions simulated cathodic protection and overprotection (40x normal) of ship ballast tanks with an anode to cathode ratio of 0.091. Anodic dissolution and percentage of soluble zinc increased with the level of protection. For normal cathodic protection in abiotic seawater, approximately 3% of the sacrificed zinc was dissolved in solution. Additionally, weight loss and percent soluble products increased dramatically in the presence of an agar film, but were unchanged due to the presence of natural marine biofilms. Under overprotection conditions, weight loss did not vary in the presence of surface films. Solid zinc corrosion products were precipitated, suspended in solution, and attached to electrode surfaces. Experimental data were compared with zinc concentrations measured in ballast tanks for two United States Navy surface ships.
ROUTINE ANALGESIC PRACTICES IN 109 NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (NICUs)† 1135

Analgesia/sedation (A/S) practices were studied prospectively in 109 NICUs, representative of all NICUs in the U.S.1 During a 1-week period, demographic data were collected on 1068 neonates (gestation 31.3±5.3 wks [mean±SD], age 22.4±38.4 days, weight 1.85±1.06 kg, M:F 57.7%: 42.3%, ventilated 50.9%). The use of A/S drugs, doses, route, frequency, and side effects related to ongoing intensive care or postoperative pain/stress was verified from several sources. Data were analysed by ANOVA, Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests and other statistical tests using the SAS program, and α error was set at <0.05 before analysis.
A two-watt transistor audio amplifier

For low distortion, power transistors should be driven from a low impedance source. Thus an emitter-follower driver has definite appeal. A further advantage is that the driver transistor may be direct coupled to the output transistor. This paper describes the basic design method for this circuit and illustrates its performance. Important considerations such as stability, transistor interchangeability, frequency response, and distortion are discussed and typical measurements shown. The features of this circuit are: good stability and the facts that transistor parameters are noncritical, no bias adjustments are required, frequency response is flat over the audio range, and distortion is low.
Sialosylgalactosyl ceramide as a specific marker for human myelin and oligodendroglial perikarya: Gangliosides of human myelin, oligodendroglia and neurons

— Gangliosides were isolated from human brain myelin, oligodendroglia, and neurons. Quantitative analysis revealed the following ganglioside contents: myelin, 2.0; neurons, 1.3; and oligodendroglia, 0.35 μg ganglioside sialic acid per mg protein. Myclin had a relatively simple ganglioside pattern with GM4 and GM1 as the predominant ganglioside species. The ganglioside pattern of oligodendroglia was quite complex and it resembled that of whole white matter rather than that of myelin. A high concentration of GM4 was found in oligodendroglial fractions in addition to GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b. The usually- minor brain gangliosides GM3, GM2, and GM3 were also enriched in oligodendroglia. The neuronal ganglioside pattern was generally similar to the pattern of whole gray matter. Both neurons and whole gray matter contained very low amounts of GM4. These results indicate that GM4 is specifically localized in myelin and oligodendroglia of the CNS. Evidence is also presented that myelin, but not oligodendroglia, is the major reservoir of human white matter GM1 and GM4.
Photodynamic Synovectomy Using Benzoporphyrin Derivative in an Antigen-induced Arthritis Model for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Experimental photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently been adapted for the treatment of inflammatory and rheumatoid arthritis. The biodistribution of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD-MA) and the effect of percutaneous light activation via intra-articular bare cleaved optical fibers was investigated using a rabbit-antigen-induced arthritis model. Qualitative evaluation of intra-articular photosensitizer clearance was performed with laser-induced fluorescence from 0 to 6 h following intravenous injection. The compound was rapidly taken up within the joint and then cleared steadily over the 6 h interval. Biodistribution was determined by fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluoroscopic extraction techniques 3 h following intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg BPD-MA. The biodistribution study demonstrated elevated levels of BPD-MA in synovium (0.35 microgram/g) and muscle (0.35 microgram/g). Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated presence of the compound within pathologic synovium but absence of the photosensitizer within meniscus, ligament, bone and articular cartilage. Tissue effects were evaluated histologically at 2 and 4 weeks posttreatment. BPD-MA-mediated PDT caused synovial necrosis in the region of light activation in 50% of treatment knees at 2 weeks and 43% at 4 weeks. No damage to nonpathologic tissues was observed. These studies indicate that selective destruction of synovium can be achieved by the light-activated photosensitizing agent BPD-MA without damage to articular cartilage or periarticular soft tissues. PDT needs to be further evaluated to optimize treatment parameters to provide for a new minimally invasive synovectomy technique.
Vaporization in the absence of ionization of alkali-chloride particles in a laminar air-acetylene flame

Abstract Rates of vaporization of alkali-chloride salt particles have been measured in an analytical air-acetylene flame in which atomic ionization has been suppressed by seeding the body of the flame with a high concentration of cesium atoms. Vaporizing particles are injected into the flame in the form of uniform, isolated droplets. Upon desolvation of such droplets, identical solute particles are produced; because the particles travel at the flame gas velocity, their rates of volatilization can be determined from the change in particle size with vertical position in the flame. In turn, particle size is monitored indirectly through emission of atoms liberated during the vaporization process. Measured rates verify that solute vaporization occurs via a two-step process for large particles. At first, heat transfer limits the rate of volatilization whereas mass transfer controls the rate for later, smaller particles. This behavior agrees well with recently described models.
Characterization of vitellogenin from white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

Sturgeon are an ancient family (Acipenseridae) of fishes that lie close to the divergence of fish that eventually evolved into terrestrial animals and those that evolved into modern teleost species. Therefore, white sturgeon vitellogenin sequences fill a gap in the current understanding of the functional domains of this protein family. Vitellogenin cDNA was sequenced and used to investigate gene expression in white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Estrogen-induced vitellogenin mRNA was detected in the livers of both males and females and was also detected in undifferentiated gonads of estrogen-treated fish. Low levels of vitellogenin mRNA were also detected in the testis of both control and estrogen-treated males. The cDNA encoded a 186-kDa protein that was missing only six to seven of the amino-terminal amino acids. Comparisons to silver lamprey, Xenopus, and chicken vitellogenin sequences indicate that the overall structure of the yolk protein domains were highly conserved. There was considerable homology in three regions of the lipovitellin I domain. These conserved sequences are likely to be involved in vitellogenin receptor binding. The phosvitin domain of white sturgeon vitellogenin contained fewer and shorter serine repeats as predicted from yolk protein phosphate content of fish compared to Xenopus and chicken. However, the vitellogenin of white sturgeon had a lower serine content as compared with silver lamprey, indicating that an increased serine content is not strictly a function of evolutionary age.
Nash meets Rubinstein in final-offer arbitration

Abstract I consider a final-offer arbitration model in which the offers are submitted sequentially, the parties are allowed to accept offers, and the arbitrator maximizes Nash's social welfare function. I show that backwards induction in this three-period model leads to the subgame-perfect equilibrium outcome of Rubinstein's infinite-horizon alternating-offer bargaining game.
Characterization of new SSR‐EST markers in cod, Gadus morhua

For years, fishermen have noted that cod (Gadus morhua) within the Georges Bank Atlantic fishery spawn multiple times annually with peaks in the spring and in the fall. To evaluate the hypothesis that these differences in reproductive behaviour reflect genetically different spawning populations, we identified eight polymorphic simple sequence repeats within expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Previously, only a few genetic markers have been informative for distinguishing between cod populations of the Northwest Atlantic. The development of additional markers from ESTs will be a valuable tool to improve our understanding of population structure in this commercially important species.
Hypnosis for Acute Distress Management During Medical Procedures

The use of hypnosis during medical procedures has a long-standing tradition but has been struggling for acceptance into the mainstream. In recent years, several randomized-controlled trials with sufficient participant numbers have demonstrated the efficacy of hypnosis in the perioperative domain. With the advancements of minimally invasive high-tech procedures during which the patient remains conscious, hypnotic adjuncts have found many applications. This article describes the procedural environment as well as pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce distress. Current research findings, controversies in the literature, and safety considerations are reviewed. Implications for clinical practice and training as well as directions for future research are discussed. Obstacles and possible reasons for the slow acceptance of nonpharmacologic interventions, mind-body therapies, and patient-centered approaches are addressed.
"Revisiting Agency theory: Outside Directors, Financial Slack and R&D Investments"

We extend agency theory to investigate the complex tradeoffs that managers of established high-technology firms have to make when attempting to distribute a firm’s financial slack towards R&D inves...
Critical density fluctuations within a single polymer chain

The coil–globule phase transition is a reversible, conformational change of a macromolecule where the high temperature (or good solvent) phase is an extended coil and the low temperature (or poor solvent) phase is a tightly packed globule1. We now present direct observations, made by photon-correlation spectroscopy, of the sharp increase in amplitude and relaxation time of density fluctuations within a single polymer molecule as it passes through the coil–globule phase transition. This growth of fluctuations is characteristic of critical phenomena associated with phase transitions, a subject that has generated much interest over the past decade, and has been studied in a wide variety of physical systems. These are the first measurements of critical behaviour that we know of made on a three-dimensional system that can be characterized as finite in the terms of statistical mechanics.
Pre-emptive Corruption, Hold-up and Repeated Interactions

This paper analyses repeated interactions between a firm and an inspector who monitors regulatory compliance. The firm may offer a bribe to pre-empt the inspection. Corruption is unfeasible in the one-shot game because of inspector hold-up. In an infinitely repeated game, we characterize the set of bribes that can be sustained as equilibrium paths using the trigger strategy. In this model, the most likely bribe-givers are not the firms that benefit the most from the illegal behaviour. Furthermore, strengthening anti-corruption policies has ambiguous welfare effects because it improves compliance only among a subset of firms, and increases monitoring effort.
Social turn-taking of children with neuropsychiatric impairments and their parents.

Social interactional theory posits that child behavior and parent behavior are interdependent. Interactions that encourage reciprocity and balanced turn-taking are considered most conducive to chil...
Increased spermine oxidase expression in human prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissues

BACKGROUND Inflammation has been strongly implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but the precise molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and carcinogenic DNA damage are not known. Induction of the polyamine catabolic enzyme, spermine oxidase (SMO) has been linked to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in human gastric and lung epithelial cells and suggest direct mechanistic links between inflammation, SMO activity, ROS production, and epithelial carcinogenesis that are likely relevant in prostate cancer. METHODS Tissue microarrays consisting of matched normal and diseased specimens from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), or proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), as well as unaffected individuals, were stained for SMO expression and analyzed using image analysis techniques and TMAJ software tools. RESULTS Average SMO staining was significantly higher in prostate cancer and PIN tissues compared to patient-matched benign tissues. Benign tissues from prostate cancer, PIN, and PIA patients also exhibited significantly higher mean SMO expression versus tissues from prostate disease-free patients. CONCLUSIONS Tissues from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and PIN exhibit, on average, locally increased SMO expression in regions of prostatic disease and higher overall SMO expression in prostatic epithelial cells compared to healthy individuals. Further studies are warranted to directly examine the role of SMO-produced ROS in prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate 68: 766–772, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Processing and properties of vanadium doped strontium niobate

Abstract Strontium niobate was doped with vanadium and the resulting effects on the dielectric properties of the material were studied. It was shown that the single-phase slab perovskite structure was maintained with up to 10 at.% vanadium doping. Microstructure and dielectric properties of the samples were studied. The average grain size of the samples appeared to increase with increasing vanadium content and dielectric properties were significantly enhanced by the addition of vanadium. It is hypothesized that this is due to the smaller atomic radius of vanadium in comparison to niobium, which results in more ‘rattling space’ within the oxygen octahedron in the structure of the Sr2Nb2O7.
Methodology for Dealing With Duplicate Study Effects in a Meta-Analysis

Study effects developed from the same data set and duplicated in more than one publication likely will bias the aggregated effects in a meta-analysis. This threat to the validity of meta-analyses i...
Measurement of fat mass using DEXA: a validation study in elderly adults.

The accuracy of total body fat mass and leg fat mass measurements by fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was assessed in 60 healthy elderly subjects (aged 70–79 yr). Total fat and leg ...
Current induced noise in CPP and CCP/CPP spin valve read heads

A systematic micromagnetic modeling study on the spin transfer induced noise in CCP (current-confined-path )/CPP (current-perpendicular-to-plane) spin valve and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) heads is presented. Both CCP/CPP spin valve and MTJ read heads are modeled using previously developed micromagnetic model. Abutted permanent magnet longitudinal bias scheme is assumed. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is modified to include the spin transfer torque. The current-confined-path is modeled with randomly distributed conducting channels in the Cu interlayer of a CPP spin valve stack. Exact current distribution in the stack is solved by using a 3-dimensional resistors network model. The size and density of the channels are varied in the simulation study. Thermally excited magnetization gyro-motion is also included in the model. Random fields simulating the thermal excitation are added to the effective field in the spin-transfer modified LLG equation by applying the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The narrow conducting channels in the CCP/CPP spin valve stack formed by the porous conducting layer significantly reduces the current threshold for spin transfer excited noise. It is also found that the noise characteristics strongly depend on the actual distribution of the narrow conducting channels and the size of these channels.
The complex adaptive least-squares lattice

The complex forms of the gradient transversal filter (CLMS), gradient lattice (CGL), and least-squares lattice (CLSL) are presented. Their convergence characteristics are compared experimentally for the problem of whitening a fourth-order complex autoregressive process.
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: an anatomic evaluation and sexual function questionnaire pilot study.

Abstract Purpose To further characterize the anatomy and sexual function of women with CAIS compared to normal females, and assess the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish anatomical differences. Materials and methods In a prospective cohort pilot study, five individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome and six, normal, nulliparous women underwent an interview, physical examination, questionnaire completion and MRI of the pelvis. Statistical analysis was performed with emphasis on determining significant differences in anatomical findings and sexual satisfaction. Results MRI demonstrated statistically significant differences in vaginal depth and size that were not confirmed on physical exam. MRI and physical exam demonstrated a non-significant difference in average phallic thickness between the two groups, although the CAIS group clitoral width tended to be smaller. Physical exam demonstrated a higher average erect height and longer arm span in the CAIS patients but this was not statistically significant. No significant differences were noted in categories designed to assess satisfaction with ability to achieve orgasm, vaginal appearance and frequency of sexual intercourse between the two groups. Conclusions The women with CAIS were as satisfied with sexual function as were the women within the control group. Physical exam and MRI did not find any statistically significant clinically relevant differences between the two groups.
Lack of hepatocarcinogenic potential of acetaminophen in rats with liver damage associated with a choline-devoid diet

The potential carcinogenic activity of acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) was studied in male F344 rats with pre-existing liver damage induced by a choline-devoid (CD) diet. In a short-term experiment, APAP was administered by intragastric intubation as single doses of 0.5-1.5 g/kg body wt after 4 weeks feeding of CD diet had produced fatty livers in rats. Two-thirds partial hepatectomy was performed 4 h subsequent to the initiating treatment step. After a 2 week recovery period, all rats were subjected to the selection procedure of Cayama et al. and killed at week 9 of the experiment. Quantitative analysis of placental form glutathione S-transferase (GST-P)-positive liver lesion development did not reveal any enhancement by APAP, whereas administration of a non-necrogenic dose of diethylnitrosamine (20 mg/kg body wt) in the same protocol demonstrated significant promotion, confirming the utility of the model for detection of weak carcinogenicity of chemicals. In the second long-term experiment, APAP was fed at doses of 0.45 and 0.9% for 25 weeks following 27 weeks administration of CD diet which produced liver cirrhosis in the rats. Despite a slight enhancement of focal liver lesions positive for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), no significant promotion of GST-P-positive altered foci or nodules was observed. In contrast, continuous feeding of CD diet or 0.5% phenobarbital treatment after generation of cirrhosis with CD diet clearly enhanced the induction of both GST-P and GGT-positive liver lesions. Thus, these results indicate that APAP does not possess significant carcinogenic activity in damaged rat liver.
A Model for Effectively Integrating Technology Across the Curriculum: A Three-Step Staff Development Program for Transforming Practice

Technology training for college faculty has become an important part of the mission of colleges and universities today. Funding is allocated toward not only purchasing new technologies but also training faculty to use these technologies with their students in the classroom to better prepare them for the information workplace. Our interest at Robert Morris University was to develop a sequential staff development model that would not only help train faculty, but also help them apply and eventually integrate technology with their students across all of the academic disciplines. This model looks at three key phases of staff development: the training phase, the application or use phase, and the final phase of integration that involves a transformation from the teacher-centered to the learner centered classroom.
The Window of Risk for Emigration of Wheat streak mosaic virus Varies with Host Eradication Method

Jiang, W., Garrett, K. A., Peterson, D. E., Harvey, T. L., Bowden, R. L., and Fang, L. 2005. The window of risk for emigration of Wheat streak mosaic virus varies with host eradication method. Plant Dis. 89:853-858. The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, the vector of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), often survives the summer on volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum) and may disperse from this “green bridge” in fall to newly planted winter wheat. Because some methods for managing volunteer wheat do not directly kill WCM, there is a window of risk for WCM and WSMV emigration after management has been applied. WCM survival in response to treatment of wheat by glyphosate, paraquat, stem cutting, and withholding water was measured in greenhouse experiments to determine how this window of risk for emigration varies with management. WCM populations on plants treated with paraquat or stem cutting decreased from the beginning of the sampling period. WCM populations on plants treated with glyphosate or that received no water increased up to 3 days after application and then decreased by 10 days after application. If glyphosate is used to manage volunteer wheat infested with WCM, it should be applied well before wheat is planted in fall. WCM in declining populations tended to be in an upright posture that could facilitate emigration via wind. The total green leaf area was strongly correlated with the number of WCM for treated plants and could be used in the field to predict the posttreatment survival of mites that pose a risk of emigration.
Storm Reflectivity and Mesocyclone Evolution Associated with the 15 April 1994 Squall Line over Kentucky and Southern Indiana

Abstract A long-lived highly organized squall line moved rapidly across the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys on 15 April 1994 within a moderately unstable, strongly sheared environment. Over Kentucky and southern Indiana, the line contained several bowing segments (bow echoes) that resulted in widespread wind damage, numerous shear vortices/rotational circulations, and several tornadoes that produced F0–F2 damage. In this study, the Louisville–Fort Knox WSR-88D is used to present a thorough discussion of a particularly long-tracked bowing line segment over central Kentucky that exhibited a very complex and detailed evolution, more so than any other segment throughout the life span of the squall line. Specifically, this segment produced abundant straight-line wind damage; cyclic, multiple core cyclonic circulations, some of which met mesocyclone criteria; several tornadoes; and embedded high precipitation supercell-like structure that evolved into a rotating comma head–comma tail pattern. The bowing seg...
What do we get from participating in practice-based research networks?

The request to write an editorial came via email during an impossibly busy week, and although still reading the subject line I was wondering whether I could gracefully decline. But I instantly changed my mind when I scrolled down to read the titles of the 4 articles appearing in this issue of the
Private Enterprise in India

The present chapter on private enterprise in India and its companion immediately following devoted to India’s public sector sketch the historical and industrial framework against which India’s mixed enterprises have evolved. Taken together these two chapters set the stage for the development of this study and provide a body of information pertinent to an intelligent appraisal of India’s experiments. In this chapter, the material has been grouped under four headings. The first is an historical treatment of private enterprise. The second and third deal with financing industry — the role of the banks and managing agents respectively. The last section covers the profit picture in historical perspective.
User-Centric Approach for Benchmark RDF Data Generator in Big Data Performance Analysis

Changes in data generation sources such as social networks, mobile devices, and process automation, along with an increase in the number of instruments generating observational data have pushed beyond the boundaries of current day data analysis systems. New algorithms, specialized hardware systems, and computing paradigms are designed to solve problems exhibited by large datasets, but at the same time there is a dearth of flexible and easy to use tools to assess the effectiveness of these proposed solutions. Benchmarking tools are required to compare the performance and the cost associated with any Big Data system. This research focuses on a user-centric approach of building such tools and proposes a flexible, extensible, and easy to use framework to support performance analysis of Big Data systems. Finally, case studies from two different domains are presented to validate the framework.
BIVALIRUDIN WITH PROVISIONAL GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITORS COMPARED TO HEPARIN WITH PLANNED OR PROVISIONAL GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: NETWORK META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS

In some randomized clinical trials (RCT), bivalirudin(Biv) -based anticoagulation led to reduced mortality compared with heparin(Hep) -based regimens during PCI. The mortality benefit may be related to lower rates of major bleeding (MB), at the expense of higher rates of early stent thrombosis (ST
Functional outcomes in elderly patients with acetabular fractures treated with minimally invasive reduction and percutaneous fixation.

Objectives:To present the functional outcomes of elderly patients treated with percutaneous acetabular surgery and compare them with those treated with traditional open reduction and internal fixation in previously published series.Design:Retrospective.Setting:University level I trauma center.Patien
Genetic and maternal environmental factors influencing litter size and reproductive efficiency in mice.

Lines of mice which have been genetically differentiated in litter size at birth and 6-week body weight by single-trait or index selection were randomly assigned to be reared in postnatal litter sizes (PLS) of N8, N12 or N16. The lines were selected as follows: large litter size (L+), large 6-week body weight (W+), selection index to decrease litter size and increase 6-week body weight (L-W+), selection index to increase litter size and decrease 6-week weight (L+W-) and random selection (K). Line and PLS differences in female body weight at weaning and 6 weeks were significant (P less than .05), with W+ greater than L+ greater than L-W+ greater than K greater than L+W- and N8 greater than N12 greaater than N16. Although there was a significant interaction between line and PLS, ranking of the lines was the same at each PLS. Females of each line by PLS group were exposed to males of the same group. Line and PLS differences (P less than .05) in female body weight at copulatory plug, adjusted for age, exhibited the same rankings as the earlier weights. Litter size at birth (dead plus alive), number born alive and number born alive per female exposed each revealed similar differences (P less than .05) in the ranking of lines and PLS. No significant interactions were found. Means for litter size were as follows for each line: L+ (17.4) greater than [W+ (14.1), L+W- (14.3)] greater than K (12.0) greater than L-W+ (10.8), and for each PLS: [N8 (14.0), N12 (13.9)] greater than N16 (13.2). The decline in litter size as PLS increased did not differ significantly from linearity. Adjusting litter size for body weight at copulatory plug eliminated the significant effect of PLS [N8 (13.9), N12 (13.7), N16 (13.4)]. The established genetic differences in litter size among lines due to selection were considerably larger than the maternal environmental effect due to postnatal litter size. Because of the negligible interaction between line and PLS, valid inferences concerning genetic differences among lines in litter size may be made at any postnatal litter size between eight and 16.
Survey of Aging Property Study of CTPB Composite Solid Propellant During Storage

Main property change regularity,affecting factors on aging and aging mechanism of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene(CTPB) composite solid propellant during storage are reviewed.
Is electroconvulsive therapy safe

Electroconvulsive therapy is controversial and readily arouses the passions of both its supporters and detractors. In this article, Dr Schoen, an internist, discusses various aspects of this 50-year-old technique, including risks, contraindications, and physiologic effects.
The bell curve.

Every illness is a story, and Annie Page’s began with the kinds of small, unexceptional details that mean nothing until seen in hindsight. Like the fact that, when she was a baby, her father sometimes called her Little Potato Chip, because her skin tasted salty when he kissed her. Or that Annie’s mother noticed that her breathing was sometimes a little wheezy, though the pediatrician heard nothing through his stethoscope.
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 Suppresses B Cell Activation through RelB and Is Regulated by IKKα Phosphorylation

Alternative NF-κB signaling is crucial for B cell activation and Ig production, and it is mainly regulated by the inhibitor of κ B kinase (IKK) regulatory complex. Dysregulation of alternative NF-κB signaling in B cells could therefore lead to hyperactive B cells and Ig overproduction. In our previous, study we found that deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a suppressor of the alternative NF-κB pathway to attenuate B cell activation. In this study, we report that loss of DBC1 results in spontaneous overproduction of Ig in mice after 10 mo of age. Using a double mutant genetic model, we confirm that DBC1 suppresses B cell activation through RelB inhibition. At the molecular level, we show that DBC1 interacts with alternative NF-κB members RelB and p52 through its leucine zipper domain. In addition, phosphorylation of DBC1 at its C terminus by IKKα facilitates its interaction with RelB and IKKα, indicating that DBC1-mediated suppression of alternative NF-κB is regulated by IKKα. Our results define the molecular mechanism of DBC1 inhibition of alternative NF-κB activation in suppressing B cell activation.
Abstract 4030: Epigenetic induction of MHC-II pathway expression in murine ovarian cancer cell line

INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the potential of epigenetic treatments to induce the expression of the MHC-II antigen presentation pathway in ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer escapes immune response allowing it to spread in the peritoneal cavity; however, patients with greater immune response to their tumors at baseline have improved survival. Typically, exogenous antigens from tumors are processed and presented via MHC-II to CD4 T cells by antigen-presenting cells. However, if ovarian cancer cells could be induced to express the MHC-II pathway, they could be converted into antigen presenting cells and stimulate an anti-tumor response. METHODS Murine epithelial ovarian cancer cells (ID8) were treated for 72 h with the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi): entinostat (MS-275) (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 μM) and quisinostat (20, 40, 80, 160 nM). Cells were treated with 5-azacytidine (5-aza), a DNA methytransferase inhibitor, alone and in combination with MS-275 (5 μM) at 17.25, 37.5, 75, and 150 nM. After treatment, the expression of CD74 (an MCH-II pathway protein) and MHC-II was evaluated by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to measure CD74 and CIITA, a transcriptional coactivator that controls MHC-II gene expression. RNA was extracted using RNEasy Mini Kit (Qiagen), cDNA was created with SuperScript VILO Master Mix (ThermoFischer), and a 109bp amplicon was created using JumpStart REDTaq ReadyMix (Sigma-Aldrich). For statistical analysis, a Welch ANOVA was performed using JMP Pro 12. Tukey-Kramer analysis evaluated individual differences. The mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) for the combination treatments were compared using an unequal variance F-test. RESULTS Increased protein expression of CD74 and MHC-II was seen after treatment with MS-275, quisinostat, and 5-aza compared to untreated control. Increased expression of CD74 and MHC-II was seen with the combination treatment of 5-aza (17, 37.5, 75, 150 nM) and MS-275 (5 μM) compared to individual treatments (p CONCLUSION Treatment with HDAC inhibitors and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor induces expression of MHC-II in murine epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The conversion of ovarian cancer cells into antigen presenting cells provides a potential therapeutic model to augment the immune response against epithelial ovarian cancer, a disease known to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Taylor B. Turner, Rebecca C. Arend, Mei Li, Troy D. Randall, Andres Forero-Torres, Albert F. LoBuglio, J Michael Straughn, Donald J. Buchsbaum. Epigenetic induction of MHC-II pathway expression in murine ovarian cancer cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4030.
Denial-of-Service Prevention for Software-Defined Network Controllers

Connection setup in software-defined networks (SDN) requires considerable amounts of processing, communication, and memory resources. Attackers can target SDN controllers with simple attacks to cause denial of service. We proposed a defense mechanism based on a proof-of-work protocol. The key characteristics of this protocol, namely its one-way operation, its requirement for freshness in proofs of work, its adjustable difficulty, its ability to work with multiple network providers, and its use of existing TCP/IP header fields, ensure that this approach can be used in practice. We present a prototype implementation and performance results that show the effectiveness of this approach to protecting SDN controllers.
Nonlinear analysis of bang-bang digital PLL with accumulative noise using Markov Chains

When analyzing a bang-bang phase locked loop (BBPLL), the hard nonlinearity is often linearized for analysis purposes with limited accuracy. This paper presents an accurate mathematical model of a BBPLL based on Markov Chains that is valid for all operating conditions. The proposed methodology is used to compute the BBPLL output steady-state jitter probability density function (PDF). Based on the analytical model, the loop filter gain is also optimized to minimize the output jitter. The analytical results show close agreement with simulation.