cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emergent Radiotherapy for Leukemia-Induced Cranial Neuropathies Refractory to Intrathecal Therapy

Neurologic symptoms from leukemic infiltration of the central nervous system are an oncologic emergency, and expeditious treatment is required to preserve function. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who developed sub-acute cranial neuropathies refractory to treatment with intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy. The patient was therefore treated with an emergent course of whole-brain radiotherapy, resulting in immediate improvement and subsequent resolution of cranial neuropathies. This case illustrates that while central nervous system involvement by AML is rare, radiotherapy remains an effective modality to avoid long-term morbidity in patients failing to respond to systemic or IT chemotherapy.
Did the Environmental Jolt Matter? Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance in Developing Markets

Evidence suggests that corporate entrepreneurship is likely related to improving firm performance and the study of its dimensions in developing markets is still new and lacking. Also, literature has focused on the importance of incorporating environmental characteristics into the study of corporate entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study incorporates the environmental jolt into the study of corporate entrepreneurship by examining the performance implications of corporate entrepreneurship during an environmental jolt. We argue that compared to the periods before and after the Arab Spring, corporate entrepreneurship after a jolt would be negatively related to firm performance. An empirical analysis of panel data on manufacturing firms listed in the Egyptian Exchange over 10 years from 2007-2016 supports our hypotheses. Using the 2011 Arab Spring as a quasi-natural experiment, we found that Arab Spring affects the hypothesized relationship negatively after the jolt and positively before that jolt. These results have implications for the field of entrepreneurship literature and practitioners.
Brief Report: Relationship and Demographic Factors Associated With Willingness to Use an In-Home Rapid HIV Test to Screen Potential Sex Partners Among a US Sample of HIV-Negative and HIV-Discordant Male Couples.

With dyadic data from a US Internet sample of 275 HIV-negative and 58 discordant male couples, we assessed HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes towards using an in-home rapid HIV test to screen potential new sex partners and associated factors by multivariate multilevel modeling. HIV-negative partnered men were “likely” to use a HT for screening purposes. More positive attitudes were associated with being in a mixed/nonwhite relationship; having an open sexual agreement. Less positive attitudes were associated with both partners being well educated. These findings may highlight how to make the most of HTs as risk-reduction screening tool among at-risk male couples.
Multipole operators in semileptonic weak and electromagnetic interactions with nuclei. II. General single-particle matrix elements

Abstract We extend our previous harmonic oscillator analysis to a treatment of general single-particle matrix elements of the multipole operators arising in studies of semileptonic weak and electro-magnetic interactions with nuclei. Together with the earlier harmonic oscillator tables the present work will allow the reader to express these general matrix elements compactly in terms of specific radial integrals, which then usually must be evaluated numerically.
Anonymity, Security, Privacy, and Civil Liberties

This chapter surveys the traditional ethical and privacy issues including security, anonymity, and the analysis of how these issues are influenced by computer technology. This dialog also looks at privacy and the protection of civil rights. But in the absence of and agreed upon set of civil liberties by scholars, the discussion focuses on the following four accepted categories: (1) criminal justice that includes police powers, personal liberty, and the right to a fair trial; (2) basic freedoms of speech, assembly, association, movement, and no discrimination; (3) freedom of information; and (4) communications and privacy. With the rapid advances in computer technology, and in particular the advent of the Internet mobile telecommunication technologies, the reader is challenged and brought into the discussion of finding ways, best practices, and in some cases protocols and frameworks to protect these civil liberties. The chapter ends with a challenge to the reader to find a fitting ethical framework to protect us and our ethical and social values against the avalanche of these technologies. What should be included in it? Is there a need for a legal framework also? The reader is prompted!
Comparison of intraoperative behavioral and hormonal responses to noxious stimuli between mares sedated with caudal epidural detomidine hydrochloride or a continuous intravenous infusion of detomidine hydrochloride for standing laparoscopic ovariectomy.

Objective: To compare the presence or absence of pain, pain-related behavioral responses, and hormonal responses to noxious stimuli during standing laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares sedated with continuous intravenous (IV) detomidine infusion and caudal epidural detomidine. Study Design: A double blind prospective study. Animals: Mares (n=12) Methods: Mares were divided into 2 treatment groups; 6 were sedated using continuous IV detomidine infusion and 6 were sedated with caudal epidural detomidine. All mares received IV xylazine (0.33 mg/kg) and butorphanol tartrate (5 mg) premedication before detomidine administration. Venous blood samples were taken to assess serum cortisol levels in each mare at 4 time points: a baseline cortisol measurement after the mares' arrival to the clinic, 10 minutes before surgery, at the removal of the 2nd ovary, and 10 minutes postsurgery. Two surgeons performed bilateral ovariectomy and at 8 time points involving surgical manipulations, noted the presence or absence of pain (yes/no) and scored the patient's response on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment with 0 indicating no pain responses and 10 cm indicating pain so severe that the mare required additional sedation or analgesia to complete the procedure. Each mare was also assigned a VAS score by each surgeon for the overall satisfaction of analgesia during the entire procedure. Results: Serum cortisol levels between the 2 detomidine administration groups differed significantly at the baseline (precortisol) measurement but not at the 3 remaining time points. Seven of the procedures within the surgeries did not differ significantly in VAS scores between the 2 groups. The initial grasp of the left ovary (the 1st ovary) in the continuous infusion group had a significantly higher (P=.05) median VAS score compared with the caudal epidural group. Conclusions: Mares sedated with a continuous IV infusion of detomidine have similar hormonal and behavioral responses to painful stimuli during standing laparoscopic ovariectomy as mares sedated with caudal epidural detomidine. Clinical Relevance: Sedation using a continuous IV infusion of detomidine can be used for laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares.
Initial results of the GeoSTAR prototype (Geosynchronous Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometer)

A prototype of the Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometer (GeoSTAR) is presented. GeoSTAR is a concept for a Y-array of correlation interferometers operating in bands from 50 GHz to 180 GHz which will for the first time provide high spatial resolution, continuous soundings of the earths atmosphere from geosynchronous orbit. This paper presents preliminary data from a small (24-element) 50-55 GHz prototype system which has been built under NASA's Instrument Incubator Program to demonstrate the basic technology and calibration techniques needed for the larger (300 element) spaceborne system. Images are synthesized by Fourier transform of interferometric data, and it is essential that the spatial response of each antenna in the array be well characterized. This has been achieved using a novel variant of a Potter horn antenna which minimizes embedding effects in a closely packed array. The array electronics consists of low-power MMIC receivers, built by JPL, and a high speed digital correlator, built by the University of Michigan. Calibration circuits include a phase-switched correlated noise reference which is injected behind the antenna array; circuitry to modulate the receiver noise temperature and gain; and local oscillator phase shifters which are used to negate correlator offsets and quadrature imbalances. An outline of the data processing is presented, along with the first images from this system.
Feline secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: A retrospective study of 16 cases (2000–2012)

Objective To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, underlying etiologies, treatment, and outcome associated with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) in cats; and to identify clinical feature differences among cats with asthma associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (AASSP) versus nonasthma-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (NAASSP). Design Retrospective case series. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Sixteen client-owned cats with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Domestic short hair was the predominant breed in this study (n = 15). The median age was 8 years old (range: 7 weeks to 17 years) with no sex predilection. Fourteen cats were affected by multi-lobar pulmonary pathology of infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic causes. Asthma was the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax (25%). Ten of 12 treated cats survived the initial episode of spontaneous pneumothorax to discharge with medical management, including all 4 cats with AASSP. Reoccurrence was documented in 4 cats. Pulmonary lobectomy was curative for 1 cat with congenital accessory lung lobe emphysema. No difference in clinical presentation was identified between cats with AASSP and cats with NAASSP. Conclusions Feline SSP is frequently associated with extensive pulmonary pathology. Supportive medical management is most appropriate, except in rare cases with focal congenital abnormalities that may benefit from surgical intervention. AASSP appears to carry a good prognosis for short-term outcome (survival to discharge). Clinical assessment, imaging, and invasive diagnostics were required to differentiate between AASSP and NAASSP.
3‐Trimethylsilyl‐3‐Buten‐2‐One as Michael Acceptor for Conjugate Addition‐Annelation: cis‐4,4a,5,6,7,8‐Hexahydro‐4a,5‐Dimethyl‐2(3H)‐Naphthalenone

3-Trimethylsilyl-3-buten-2-one as michael acceptor for conjugate addition-annelation: cis-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4a,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-naphthalenone product: cis-4,4a,5,6,7,8-HEXAHYDRO-4a,5-DIMETHYL-2(3H)-NAPHTHALENONE Keywords: addition, to CC–CO and CC–CN; annulation, carbocyclic-[6]; cyclization, condensation; assay methods, for methyllithium with 2-butanol, 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipydridyl or 2,2′-biquinoline indicator; buffer solutions, ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide; copper(I) iodide; distillation, apparatus, Kugelrohr distillation oven
Signaling from Polyomavirus Middle T and Small T Defines Different Roles for Protein Phosphatase 2A

Polyomavirus causes a broad spectrum of tumors as the result of the action of its early proteins. This work compares signaling from middle T antigen (MT), the major transforming protein, to that from small T antigen (ST). The abilities of MT mutants to promote cell cycle progression in serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells were compared. Transformation-defective mutants lacking association with SHC or with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) retained the ability to induce DNA synthesis as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Only when both interactions were lost in the Y250F/Y315F double mutant was MT inactive. ST promoted cell cycle progression in a manner dependent on its binding of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Since the Y250F/Y315F MT mutant was wild type for PP2A binding yet unable to promote cell cycle progression, while ST was capable of promoting cell cycle progression, these experiments revealed a functional difference in MT and ST signaling via PP2A. Assays testing the abilities of MT and ST to induce the c-fos promoter and to activate c-jun kinase led to the same conclusion. ST, but not Y250F/Y315F MT, was able to activate the c-fos promoter through its interaction with PP2A. In contrast, MT, but not ST, was able to activate c-jun kinase by virtue of its interaction with PP2A.
Temperature-controlled depth profiling in polymeric materials using cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) employing an SF5+ polyatomic primary ion source was used to depth profile through poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) thin films at a series of temperatures from −125 °C to 150 °C. It was found that for PMMA, reduced temperature analysis produced depth profiles with increased secondary ion stability and reduced interfacial widths as compared to analysis at ambient temperature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images indicated that this improvement in interfacial width may be related to a decrease in sputter-induced topography. Depth profiling at higher temperatures was typically correlated with increased sputter rates. However, the improvements in interfacial widths and overall secondary ion stability were not as prevalent as was observed at low temperature. For PLA, improvements in signal intensities were observed at low temperatures, yet there was no significant change in secondary ion stability, interface widths or sputter rates. High temperatures yielded a significant decrease in secondary ion stability of the resulting profiles. PS films showed rapid degradation of characteristic secondary ion signals under all temperatures examined.
Effects of food on behavior.

To the Editor.— In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal, an inquiry was made regarding behavioral abnormalities and food sensitivity in a 4-year-old child. 1 I found the consultant replies to be succinct and to the point, but I feel attention should be paid to possible neurological disorders. The case as presented was characterized by a symptom complex that included headache, abdominal pain, and mood changes. Such a picture could arise as a result of childhood migraine. At this age, an attack may take the form of an acute confusional state with or without other migrainous accompaniments. 2 Dysphoria or mental status changes also can accompany basilar artery migraine. 3 Such syndromes may be the first manifestations of this disorder in young children. 2 It would be of interest to know the age of the child at the onset of symptoms, whether there is a family history of
Fusion welding of nickel–titanium and 304 stainless steel tubes: Part I: laser welding:

Due to their large blocking stresses, high recovery strains, and solid-state operation, nickel–titanium actuators can offer substantial weight and space savings relative to traditional electric or ...
Three-phase equilibrium and partitioning calculations for CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers

[1] We show how the use of appropriate variables results in a flash calculation that uses only equilibrium constraints; it is thus not necessary to solve the mass balance equations self-consistently with the equilibrium equations. We use this implicit material balance in flash calculation. We show its advantages over the current approach that uses an explicit material balance. For the flash calculation for CO2 storage in brine aquifers, use of appropriate variables also allows us to find the dew, bubble, and precipitation points where the liquid, vapor, and solid salt phases, respectively, emerge. Our calculation includes the water content of the vapor phase, which arises from evaporation of the brine. Evaporation leads to increased brine salinity, which results in a large reduction in CO2 solubility in the salting-out effect, and eventually in precipitation of solid salt and ultimately the disappearance of the liquid phase. The flash calculation also relies on our derivation of fugacities for H2O and CO2 in both the brine and the vapor phase.
Hyposmotic stress triggers ATP release from porcine lens via connexin and pannexin hemichannels

Purpose Purinergic receptors in the lens suggest function can be altered by agonists present in aqueous humor. Some agonists may originate from the lens itself. Here, we examine the ability of osmotic shock to trigger ATP release from the intact lens. Methods Porcine lenses were exposed to hyposmotic (200 mOsm) or hyperosmotic (500mOsm) solution and ATP in the bathing medium was measured by luciferase assay. Because hemichannels are permeable to large solutes, the ability of propidium iodide (PI) (MW 668) to enter the epithelium was examined. Results ATP release into the bathing medium was stimulated when lenses were exposed to hyposmotic solution. Hyperosmotic solution did not detectably increase ATP release. Hyposmotic solution-induced release of ATP was partially suppressed by the connexin hemichannel inhibitor, 18α glycyrrhetinic acid (AGA) or by probenecid, a pannexin hemichannel blocker, and was abolished by AGA and probenecid added together. Consistent with opening of connexin and/or pannexin hemichannels, lenses exposed to hyposmotic solution displayed a ~4 fold increase in the ability of PI to enter the epithelium. In parallel studies, hyposmotic solution was shown to activate a Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK) and cause an SFK-dependent increase of Na,K-ATPase activity in the epithelium. Conclusion Hemichannels contribute to ATP release when the intact lens is subjected to hyposmotic shock. The amount of ATP release appeared sufficient to activate purinergic receptors that cause tyrosine kinase-dependent stimulation of active Na-K transport. The responses could perhaps signify an autoregulatory loop initiated by mechanical stress or osmotic swelling.
Experimental Study on the Atomization of Plain Orifice Injector Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Cross Flowing Air Stream

The effects of three parameters: air velocity, nozzle pressure drop and injector orifice diameter, on the spray characteristics of a plain orifice injector under uniform and non-uniform cross flowing air stream have been studied experimentally. For uniform cross flowing air stream, the results show that the effects of these parameters are interrelated. The exponents of these terms in a correlation are not constants. Based on a very large amount of experimental data, the following correlation has been derived for Sauter Mean Diameter.Display FormulaSMD=8.28•104V¯aA•ΔP¯fB•d¯Cwhere:A = −1.59 −0.0044ΔPf −0.01 dB = −0.13 −0.025 d +0.34 MaC = 0.36 −0.55 Ma −0.0032ΔPf(Va ≤ 140 M/s ; ΔPf ≤ 11 Kg·f/cm2 ; d ≤ 2.5 mm)For small orifice diameters, the drop size distribution parameter, N (Rosin-Rammler distribution ), decreases until a minimum then increases with air velocity. For large orifice diameters, it decreases with air velocity. N always decreases with the increases of nozzle pressure drop or orifice diameter.For non-uniform cross flowing air stream, atomizations under four velocity profiles with same averaged velocity and with a velocity recess of same shape but at different radial positions have been tested. The atomization data were compared with that of uniform cross flowing air stream. Two types of comparison were made based on: a) the undisturbed velocity, b) the averaged velocity, equals to the velocity of uniform cross flowing air stream. For former situation the atomization for non-uniform cross flowing air stream tested is always poorer. The influence from the velocity recess will be maximum at certain nozzle pressure drop.The experimental evidence obtained has shown that cross flow atomization is a combination of pressure atomization (at low air flow velocity) and airblast atomization (at high air flow velocity).© 1987 ASME
Levetiracetam monotherapy for newly diagnosed epilepsy patients

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all of our patients with a history of partial seizures, with and without secondarily generalisation, who received levetiracetam (LEV; Keppra) for treatment of their seizures during the years 2000-2002. Forty-five patients were identified, 13 of whom began LEV as first line therapy. Eleven patients continued on LEV for at least 6 months; six of whom became seizure free and five had >50% reduction in their seizures. The remaining two patients discontinued LEV because of adverse effects. LEV monotherapy can be effective and well tolerated in adults with new onset seizures. A prospective, large, double-blind monotherapy study for newly diagnosed patients is needed to confirm this finding.
Microstructure development of Al2O3-13wt.%TiO2 plasma sprayed coatings derived from nanocrystalline powders

Abstract The development of constituent phases and microstructure in plasma sprayed Al2O3–13wt.%TiO2 coatings and reconstituted nanocrystalline feed powder was investigated as a function of processing conditions. The microstructure of the coatings was found to consist of two distinct regions; one of the regions was completely melted and quenched as splats, and the other was incompletely melted with a particulate microstructure retained from the starting agglomerates. The melted region predominantly consisted of nanometer-sized γ-Al2O3 with dissolved Ti4+, whereas the partially melted region was primarily submicrometer-sized α-Al2O3 with small amounts of γ-Al2O3 with dissolved Ti4+. The ratio of the splat microstructure to the particulate microstructure and thus the ratio of the γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 can be controlled by a plasma spray parameter, defined as the critical plasma spray parameter (CPSP). This bimodal distribution of microstructure and grain size is expected to have favorable impact on mechanical properties of nanostructured coatings, as has been observed before.
Cell cycle-specified fluctuation of nucleosome occupancy at gene promoters.

The packaging of DNA into nucleosomes influences the accessibility of underlying regulatory information. Nucleosome occupancy and positioning are best characterized in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, albeit in asynchronous cell populations or on individual promoters such as PHO5 and GAL1–10. Using FAIRE (formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements) and whole-genome microarrays, we examined changes in nucleosome occupancy throughout the mitotic cell cycle in synchronized populations of S. cerevisiae. Perhaps surprisingly, nucleosome occupancy did not exhibit large, global variation between cell cycle phases. However, nucleosome occupancy at the promoters of cell cycle–regulated genes was reduced specifically at the cell cycle phase in which that gene exhibited peak expression, with the notable exception of S-phase genes. We present data that establish FAIRE as a high-throughput method for assaying nucleosome occupancy. For the first time in any system, nucleosome occupancy was mapped genome-wide throughout the cell cycle. Fluctuation of nucleosome occupancy at promoters of most cell cycle–regulated genes provides independent evidence that periodic expression of these genes is controlled mainly at the level of transcription. The promoters of G2/M genes are distinguished from other cell cycle promoters by an unusually low baseline nucleosome occupancy throughout the cell cycle. This observation, coupled with the maintenance throughout the cell cycle of the stereotypic nucleosome occupancy states between coding and non-coding loci, suggests that the largest component of variation in nucleosome occupancy is “hard wired,” perhaps at the level of DNA sequence.
Investigations of secondary nucleation by initial breeding in clear solution zeolite NaA systems

Abstract An investigation of the effects of adding seed crystals to a clear synthesis solution, which produced molecular sieve zeolite NaA, was carried out. The initial breeding secondary nucleation mechanism, whereby microcrystalline fragments are washed off seed crystal surfaces to catalyze zeolite crystal nucleation, was studied using SEM, powder X-ray diffraction, and quasi-electric light scattering spectroscopy (QELSS). It was determined that small seed crystals (about 1–3 μm) did not promote nucleation of a new population of zeolite crystals when added to a clear solution synthesis batch. However, much larger zeolite NaA crystals (about 40 μm) were demonstrated to promote zeolite crystal nucleation by an initial breeding mechanism. Small particulates were demonstrated to exist only on the larger crystal surfaces, could be washed off, and were observed in a filtrate solution by QELSS. Lastly, it has been shown that the source of these particulates is residual aluminosilicate material in the bulk solution phase which was not incorporated into the crystal mass at the time the seed crystals were synthesized. As such, stopping the syntheses of smaller seed crystals prematurely was sufficient to cause the formation of initial-bred nuclei in those samples.
EXPLOITATION OF SPRINGTIME EPHEMERAL N PULSES BY SIXGREAT BASIN PLANT SPECIES

The ability to exploit short-duration nutrient pulses may be an important factor in the competitive balance of plants and in shaping plant community structure. We investigated the growth responses and biomass production of six Great Basin plant species growing in monocultures in the field following a single pulse of nitrogen applied in early, mid, or late spring. As a control, we applied the same total quantity of N that was in each of the individual pulses as a continuous series of applications at twice-weekly intervals over 10 wk in the spring. Surprisingly, most of the species grown under the control, continuous N supply had lower growth rates, fewer tillers, and less biomass production than plants receiving N in a pulse. At least one of the pulse treatments increased biomass production relative to controls in all but one species. The exception to this pattern was the shrub Chrysothamnus, which responded to all pulse treatments and the control supply with equivalent growth rates and biomass production. Each species responded differently to the set of pulses, with the greatest response occurring early in the growth phase when plants were small and growth rates were high. Thus, phenological stage determined the timing of maximum response. Four of six species not only responded to the early-spring pulse, but also had their greatest response to this pulse, suggesting that the cold-season-adapted species of the Great Basin system are well suited to take advantage of this pulse. The combination of rapid plant growth rates and predictable pulses following snowmelt would likely result in intense competition for nutrients at this time. Our study demonstrates that plants are remarkably capable of utilizing pulses of N, and that pulsed nutrients are potentially important in natural systems. In addition, it suggests that studies conducted under constant nutrient supply may not reflect the responses of plants growing under pulsed nutrient conditions. The plants, instead of benefitting from a season-long continuous supply of N, at certain times during the growing season were able to use pulses of N for significant gains in biomass.
Effects of continuous intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin on canine systemic and hind limb microcirculatory hemodynamics.

Abstract Systemic and hind limb hemodynamics were assessed in anesthetized dogs during continuous 30-minute intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin at 1, 5, 10, and 25 μg/kg/min. Nitroglycerin at 1 μg/kg/min redistributed hind limb blood flow; hind limb arteriovenous shunting increased from 5.6% ± 4.0% to 17.8% ± 7.4% after 30 minutes (p
Post-cesarean section endomyometritis: Significance of transcervical endometrial cultures in bacteremic patients

Abstract Pelvic infection following cesarean section is the most common hospital acquired infection facing the obstetrician-gynecologist today. In order to prescribe the optimal antibiotic therapy, clinicians must know which organisms generate the infection. This study assessed the utility of transcervical endometrial swab cultures in the isolation of organisms from post-cesarean section patients. Results of blood cultures obtained from the same patients are used as the standard of comparison.
Effect of vitamin B6 on levodopa-induced changes in spinal fluid homovanillic acid ☆

Abstract Spinal fluid homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were measured in 52 patients prior to receiving Levodopa, and after 2 weeks of Levodopa therapy. The levels increased by an average of 95.2 ng/ml from 14.5–109.7 ng/ml. There was no direct relationship between the increase in spinal fluid (CSF) HVA and the degree of observed clinical improvement except that 3 of the 4 patients showing no response to Levodopa showed the smallest increases in CSF HVA level. This is felt to be related to the concept that both the production of dopamine and receptor site responsiveness are necessary for an Levodopa effect and the CSF HVA only reflects one of these factors. One patient also received vitamin B 6 (10 mg/day) and her CSF HVA level fell from 24 ng/ml to 17 ng/ml. It is suggested that the simultaneous administration of vitamin B 6 and an aromatic amino-acid decreases the effect of the precursor on cerebral amine metabolism.
The insulin receptor as a universal marker of activated lymphocytes.

Although resting, rat thymus-derived spleen lymphocytes do not bear insulin receptors, these receptors emerge upon the membrane of alloimmune rat T cells subsequent to skin grafting. These studies examine conditions that permit the emergence of lymphocyte insulin receptors upon T or B-enriched rat lymphocyte populations. Allogeneic stimulation was accomplished in vivo by skin grafting from (Lewis × Brown Norway)F1 (LBN) to Lewis male rats or by Graft-vs.-host (GVH) reaction established by intraperitoneal injections of 2 × 108 Lewis leukocytes each week for a total of four injections into LBN animals. In vitro allogeneic stimulation was provided by one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures between the same strains. Lastly, both T and B-enriched populations were interacted with mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The T-enriched populations were highly enriched for T lymphocytes (90%) and macrophage-depleted while B-enriched populations contained nearly 85% B cells. Insulin receptors emerged upon T-enriched cell populations consequent to allogeneic skin grafting with saturability, specificity and high affinity (kd = 1.1 nM) as well as after GVH. Responder strain lymphocytes developed an insulin receptor during allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures within 72 h of initiation. Specific insulin-binding sites also appeared upon T-enriched populations after culture with PHA-P and Con A but not LPS. Conversely, B cells developed an insulin receptor after interactions with LPS but not PHA-P or Con A. Anti-Ig and complement but not rat anti-T cell antibody abrogated the ability of LPS to induce an insulin receptor on B-enriched cells. Binding specificity was demonstrated by the inhibition of [125I]-labeled insulin in the order porcine insulin ≊ desalanine insulin > proinsulin ≫ desoctapeptide insulin with growth hormone exhibiting no such inhibition. These data demonstrate that a true insulin receptor appears upon both T and B cells consequent to activation. The lymphocyte insulin receptor is a universal marker of cellular activation as it is not restricted to clone or species and may be applied to B and T lymphocytes of mouse, rat and man.
U.S. congregations' provision of programs or activities for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Using data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. congregations, this study estimates the proportion of congregations that provide programs or activities that serve people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and examines the effects of congregational characteristics on the likelihood of having them. The analysis finds that 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.034–0.078) of U.S. congregations (roughly 18,500 (95% CI, 11,300–25,800) congregations) provide programs or activities to PLWHA. Numerous congregational characteristics increase the likelihood that congregations provide them: the presence of openly HIV positive people in the congregation, having a group that assesses their community’s needs, religious tradition, and openness to gays and lesbians. By building on previous research, this study provides further information about the scope of religious congregations’ involvement with PLWHA and also insight into which congregations may be willing to collaborate with other organizations to provide care for PLWHA.
Process reliability and safety under uncertainties

Uncertainties in the initial conditions and parameters of process systems can lead to large variations in the predicted system performance, sometimes with catastrophic consequences. For systems with non-linear dynamics, often the only generally applicable approach to assess the impact of these uncertainties on system performance is a search through the operation and parameter range of interest by direct integration of the system equations. A methodology is presented that can be used to assess process reliability and safety under such uncertainties much faster than direct integration. The methodology extends the capabilities of a previously developed discrete state transition modeling approach to include capability for the determination of initial conditions that lead to desirable system operation. Implementation of the methodology on an example system taken from nuclear reactor dynamics shows that: a) the methodology can handle both small and large uncertainties in system parameters and initial conditions, and b) fast conventional approaches such as perturbation analysis may lead to the choice of more restrictive or narrower operational ranges for the system than that required by reliability/safety considerations.
Predicting Willingness to Negotiate: The Effects of Perceived Power and Trustworthiness in a Model of Strategic Public Relations

(2004). Predicting Willingness to Negotiate: The Effects of Perceived Power and Trustworthiness in a Model of Strategic Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 243-267.
Sol-Gel Protective Films for Metal Solar Mirrors

Front-surface metal mirrors were coated with a variety of sol-gel derived glass films for preliminary evaluation as protective coatings for silver. Optical measurements (hemispherical, diffuse and specular reflectance) were used to characterize changes in the mirror resulting from the application of the sol, subsequent processing, or environmental testing. The abrasion resistance of the films was determined on sol-gel coated silicon wafers per ASTM procedures. The mirrors were exposed to outdoor environments in Albuquerque, N.M., as well as accelerated testing in H2SO4, with periodic monitoring of optical properties. A two layer coating scheme, consisting of a thin primary protective layer of sputter deposited SiO2 followed by a thicker sol-gel overcoat, was also evaluated.
Spring Shoot Growth in Douglas-Fir May Be Initiated by Gibberellins Exported from the Roots

Trials conducted under controlled environments demonstrated that the delay of bud activity of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings occasioned by low temperature of the soil could be eliminated by application of gibberellic acid. Analyses of field-grown plants showed a parallel increase in bud activity, level of gibberellin-like compounds in xylem sap, and soil temperature during February and March.
Data Coherence Problem in a Multicache System

A coherence problem may occur in a multicache system as soon as data inconsistency exists in the private caches and the main memory. Without an effective solution to the coherence problem, the effectiveness of a multicache system will be inherently limited. The problem is closely examined in this paper and previous solutions, both centralized approaches and distributed approaches, are analyzed based on the notion of semicritical sections. A state model is then presented which clarifies various coherence mechanisms as well as introduces a new state to enable the multicache system to more efficiently handle the processor writes. Software guidance, for performance and not for integrity, is advocated in a new proposal which in a practical multicache environment explores the benefit of the new state with little cost.
Photosynthesis in mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath cells of various type of C4 plants. III. Fluorescence emission spectra, delayed light emission, and P700 content

Summary Mesophyll protoplasts from C 3 and C 4 plants and bundle sheath cells from C 4 plants were enzymatically isolated and purified from representative species of Gramineae. Chloroplast particles prepared by breaking protoplasts and cells with a French press were used for comparative photochemical studies. In C 4 grasses having high concentrations of NADP-malic enzyme, the ratio of fluorescence at 685 nm/730 nm, at liquid nitrogen temperature, and the delayed light emission was from 3 to 15 fold higher in mesophyll protoplast extracts than in bundle sheath cell extracts. This variation was species dependent. Based on delayed light emission and liquid nitrogen fluorescence emission spectra ratio 685 nm/730 nm, the relative level of photosystem II in bundle sheath chloroplast particles of NADP-malic enzyme species is Setaria lutescens, Setaria faberii > Digitaria sanguinalis > Zea mays > sugarcane, Sorghum bicolor , and Sorghum halepense . In Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum halepense at least 94 % of the photosystem II activity of the leaf is in mesophyll chloroplasts. The P700 content is 1.4 to 2.2 fold higher in bundle sheath extracts compared to mesophyll extracts of species having high NADP-malic enzyme. In C 4 grasses having high NAD-malic enzyme, such as Panicum capillare and Panicum miliaceum , the delayed light emission and liquid nitrogen fluorescence emission spectra at 685 nm/730 nm was higher in bundle sheath extracts than in mesophyll extracts. On the other hand, the P700 activity in these species was about 1.4 fold higher in mesophyll protoplasts extracts than in bundle sheath extracts. In C4 grasses having high phosphopyruvate carboxy-kinase, the liquid nitrogen fluorescence emission spectra were similar in mesophyll protoplast and bundle sheath extracts, the delayed light emission was higher in mesophyll extracts than in bundle sheath extracts, while the P700 activity was higher in bundle sheath than in mesophyll extracts. The results are discussed in relation to proposed energy requirements for carbon metabolism in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of various C 4 species.
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Skill of Seasonal Forecasts and Northern Summer Monsoons

Abstract Two sets of experiments were performed. The first set, denoted SSTA, consisted of 90-day forecasts with sea surface temperature anomalies updated with observed values daily during the entire integration. For the summers 1987 and 1988, three SSTA experiments were made using three different initial conditions centered on 1 June of that year, separated by 1 day. The second set of experiments, denoted CSST, used the same initial conditions as the first set, but the integrations were performed using climatological SSTs. All numerical experiments were done using the NMC T80 spectral model of 1990, which is the same model used in making operational medium-range forecasts. Simulated seasonal ensemble-mean rainfall was compared with satellite estimates of precipitation and observed station rainfall data. Overall agreement between them is good. Two centers of maximum rainfall, over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, are captured by the model, but it fails to capture the movement of the rainfall associa...
Eyeglass allergic contact dermatitis

A literature review is presented of allergic contact dermatitis from eyeglasses. Causes are grouped into metals, plastics, plasticizers, solvents, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, and waxes. Plasticizers and UV stabilizers are currently the most common allergens.
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria-Dominated Biofilms That Precipitate ZnS in a Subsurface Circumneutral-pH Mine Drainage System

The microbial diversity of ZnS-forming biofilms in 8°C, circumneutral-pH groundwater in tunnels within the abandoned Piquette Zn, Pb mine (Tennyson, Wisconsin, USA) has been investigated by molecular methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and cultivation techniques. These biofilms are growing on old mine timbers that generate locally anaerobic zones within the mine drainage system. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) exclusively of the family Desulfobacteriaceae comprise a significant fraction of the active microbiota. Desulfosporosinus strains were isolated, but could not be detected by molecular methods. Other important microbial clusters belonged to the β-, γ-, and e-Proteobacteria, the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides-group (CFB), Planctomycetales, Spirochaetales, Clostridia, and green nonsulfur bacteria. Our investigations indicated a growth dependence of SRB on fermentative, cellulolytic, and organic acid-producing Clostridia. A few clones related to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were detected, suggesting a sulfur cycle related to redox gradients within the biofilm. Sulfur oxidation prevents sulfide accumulation that would lead to precipitation of other sulfide phases. FISH analyses indicated that Desulfobacteriaceae populations were not early colonizers in freshly grown and ZnS-poor biofilms, whereas they were abundant in older, naturally established, and ZnS-rich biofilms. Gram-negative SRB have been detected in situ over a period of 6 months, supporting the important role of these organisms in selective ZnS precipitation in Tennyson mine. Results demonstrate the complex nature of biofilms responsible for in situ bioremediation of toxic metals in a subsurface mine drainage system.
Differential modulation of right ventricular strain and right atrial mechanics in mild vs. severe pressure overload.

Increased right atrial (RA) and ventricular (RV) chamber volumes are a late maladaptive response to chronic pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of the current investigation was to characterize the ...
An overview of the planned advanced neutron-source facility

The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS), now in the conceptual design stage, will be a new user facility for neutron research, including neutron beam experiments, materials irradiation testing and materials analysis capabilities, and production facilities for transuranic and lighter isotopes. The neutron source is to be the world's highest flux beam reactor and is based on existing reactor technology to minimize safety issues. The preferred fuel, U{sub 3}Si{sub 2}, has been tested in operating reactors in the United States, Japan, and Europe. The core is cooled, moderated, and reflected by heavy water, common practice for research reactors. 3 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Using the minimal risk threshold for all "no-benefit" pediatric studies.

Important debates exist about how to understand the concept of a minimal research risk and its role in setting a standard for determining when pediatric studies should be done. In many research reg...
A Microscale Approach to Chemical Kinetics in the General Chemistry Laboratory: The Potassium Iodide Hydrogen Peroxide Iodine-Clock Reaction.

A microscale laboratory for teaching chemical kinetics utilizing the iodine clock reaction is described. Plastic pipets, 3 mL volume, are used to store and deliver precise drops of reagents and the reaction is run in a 24 well plastic tray using a total 60 drops of reagents. With this procedure, students determine the rate of reaction and the order of reaction as a function of iodide ion concentration or hydrogen peroxide concentration. Six reaction concentrations are run concurrently in about an hour. The students also calculate the value of the rate constant and determine the concentration of an unknown iodide ion sample. The procedure has been adopted to run at a lower temperature to determine the energy of activation. The experiment teaches the principles of chemical kinetics to first-year college students and can also be used in second-year or advanced-placement high school chemistry classes.
The black patient and traditional psychotherapy: Implications and possible extensions

The article reviews selected psychotherapy and personality models advanced by black American theoreticians. All models stress the relevance of Africa and African-American value systems in understanding black behavior and in effecting behavior change. The importance of group reference, community focus, and networking are strongly emphasized by theoreticians in their models.
An approximate formula for the admittance of a long, thin antenna

An approximate formula is presented for the admittance of a cylindricul antenna where the length is large and the diameter is small compared with the excited wavelength. A comparison of admittance results obtained from this formula is made with the more accurate results of Hurd and Wu.
Diffusion-controlled crystal growth in K2OSiO2 compositions☆

Abstract The growth of cristobalite dendrites in two K2OSiO2 glasses containing 10.3 and 15.0 mol% K2O has been studied over a wide range of temperature. The kinetics of crystallization were linear; i.e. the growth rates were independent of time. The observed crystallization rates were consistent with a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Measurements of the tip radii of curvature of the dendrites are consistent, at low undercoolings, with the predictions of Horvay and Cahn for the growth of an isolated dendrite. However, at lower temperatures at which the dendrites are closely spaced, the predicted radii are seriously in error. A model is described which takes account of the overlapping diffusion fields of neighboring dendrites and gives improved agreement with the observed growth rates. The presence of a maximum in each of the crystal growth rate versus temperature curves has not been explained. This phenomenon is apparently related to changes in the size, shape and spacing of the dendrites, which occur in the same temperature range.
Arthroscopic Subdeltoid Approach to the Biceps Transfer

Arthroscopy is an accepted tool in the treatment of many types of shoulder pathology. The arthroscopic subdeltoid approach consists of the posterior–portal-based arthroscope being advanced into the subdeltoid space via the subacromial space, then exposure of the space with shaving or radiofrequency ablation. The other portals are then made with a spinal needle localization piercing the anterior deltoid. This subdeltoid approach is well-suited to problems such as pectoralis major and subscapularis muscle tear, as well as massive rotator cuff tear repairs, problems that were previously difficult to address from the standard arthroscopic portals. This approach also allows transfer of the biceps tendon to the conjoint tendon. When patients continue to be symptomatic despite conservative interventions, surgical options need to be explored. Currently, there is no gold standard for the surgical treatment of biceps tendon pathology. Some authors favor tenodesis whereas others advocate tenotomy or transfer. Many of the treatments, including tenodesis and tenotomy, have had excellent rates of success, but complications, such as deformity, persist. We describe a new arthroscopic technique for biceps tenodesis via transfer of the long head of the biceps tendon to the conjoint tendon using the subdeltoid space. With this technique, the tendons are under direct visualization for proper tensioning, and the transferred tendon is approximately in the same orientation as in its native location. In the appropriately indicated patient, this technique may yield relief from biceps specific symptoms.