cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Re-assessing the standard: The expansive positive potential of a relational identity in diverse organizations

While theorists assume that diversity affords positive potential, very little work has addressed this upside with most research focusing on its associated problems. Further, the dominant theoretical paradigm of social identity theory seems limited in its ability to advance prescriptive advice likely to generate truly positive and expansive outgroup attitudes. The present experiment compared a relational identity manipulation to recategorization, the collective identity manipulation most commonly prescribed in the diversity literature. Further, it included conditions of both direct and indirect outgroup contact. Results revealed a synergistic effect whereby both a relational identity and direct outgroup contact improve outgroup attitudes while the absence of both conditions, experienced by those with a collectivistic identity without direct outgroup contact, results in markedly worsened attitudes. Results are encouraging in their suggestion that a relational identity appears to provide an improved alternat...
DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF SOME CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL MICROPHONE BAFFLES

A directional microphone system for field recording of sounds in the air often involves a parabolic reflector to focus the sound waves on the microphone (transducer) element. Some deficiencies of such a system are noted with respect to reproduction of spectra. The reflector system, involving as it does a structure comparable to a wavelength in linear dimension, is not susceptible to traditional high- or low-frequency approximate methods of computation. Modern numerical techniques now permit precise calculation of the directional responses of small reflectors of various shapes. One result is a proposal for a very economical and effective system involving a plane reflector. Other baffle shapes are also investigated, which may be of interest in special applications.
Swine immunity and genetic resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

s / Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 128 (2009) 211–347 221 that is not fully protective. PRRS is the most economically significant disease facing the swine industry today, costing U.S. pork producers at least $560 million annually. Despite substantial research efforts the exact components of a protective anti-PRRSV immune response are still not known, thus we are testing alternate approaches to evaluate immunity and genetic resistance to PRRSV. We used host genomics to compare different lines of pigs and look for factors that correlated with PRRSV resistance/susceptibility. Viremia, weight change, and rectal temperature at 0, 4, 7, and 14 days post-PRRSV infection (dpi) were recorded and genetic differences detected (Petry et al., 2005). We evaluated immune gene expression in RNA from frozen lung and bronchial lymph node (BLN) tissue of the 7 highest and lowest responders per line, and from each of their control littermates, as well as serum cytokine protein levels. Genetic analyses of this data indicated that levels of interleukin-8 (IL8)may be predictive of resistance. Additionally, low (not the expected high) levels of serum interferon-gamma (IFNG) after infection may be associated with a PRRSV resistant phenotype. These data are critical for genetic association studies to fine map candidate genes and determine causative alleles of PRRSV resistance/susceptibility. Further genetic studies are required to affirm these associations. For direct immunity studies we have assessed immune gene expression in lung, BLN, and tonsil samples, and protein expression in serum, collected from pigs infected for over 200 days after PRRSV infection.We comparedpigs that apparently cleared the viral infection in the first 28dpi to pigs that even at 150dpi have evidence of long term persistent PRRSV infection. Results show that there is up regulation of expression of IFNG associated T helper 1 (Th1) markers from 14 to 84dpi; regulatory IL10 and apoptosis associated markers are also increased early. To date, however, no significant differences between persistent and non-persistent PRRSV infectedpigs havebeendiscovered in immunegene expression; serum protein expression studies are underway. We hope to reveal differential protein expression associated with PRRSV clearance. Overall, by combining these diverse approaches, we expect to develop new hypotheses about protective anti-PRRSV responses and to identify novel regulatory pathways that would stimulate PRRSV immunity. Supported by USDA ARS and NRI PRRS CAP1 funds. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.026 Identification of Boophilus microplus phagotopes from phage displayed peptide libraries Carlos Roberto Prudencio ∗, Aline Aparecida, Rezende Rodrigues, Guilherme Rocha, Lino Souza, Juliana Franco Almeida, Ana Paula, Peres Freschi, Rone Cardoso, Fausto Emillio Capparelli, Luiz Ricardo Goulart Instituto de Genetica e Bioquimica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia and Vallee S/A, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Ureide Catabolism by Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Cell Suspension Cultures I. Urea is not an Intermediate in Allantoin Degradation

Summary The growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] suspension cultured cells on urea (25 mM) as sole nitrogen source requires nickel (10 μM) and citrate (10 mM) supplementation and is completely inhibited by 10 μM phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD), a potent urease inhibitor. Also, both PPD and acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), another urease inhibitor, cause accumulation of [14C]urea and reduction of 14CO2 evolution from cells utilizing 14C-labelled urea. In contrast, cells growing on 12.5 mM allantoin as nitrogen source do not require nickel and citrate for normal growth and catabolism of [2-14C] allantoin (urea moiety labelled); in addition the level of PPD required for complete growth inhibition is 100 to 200-fold higher than for urea-grown cells. Neither nickel, PPD, or AHA have a significant effect on 14CO2 release or [14C]urea levels from cells catabolizing [2-14C]allantoin. The evidence presented indicates that urea is not an intermediate in ureide catabolism by soybean cell suspensions.
Helmut Landsberg 1906”1985

When Dr. Helmut Erich Landsberg died on December 6, 1985, just 2 months before his 80th birthday, AGU lost an outstanding leader and one of its biggest contributors. He died suddenly in Geneva, Switzerland, where he was participating in the ninth session of the Commission for Climatology of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Landsberg had received AGU's highest honor, and Past President A.E. Maxwell, in informing Helmut that he was to be the recipient of the 1978 Bowie Medal, wrote the following: “You were selected for your outstanding contribution to fundamental geophysics and your unselfish cooperation in research. Recognizing your enormous contributions to the AGU over many years, a society that is very much yours is going to take great pride in honoring you…”
Resting state functional connectivity predicts neurofeedback response

Tailoring treatments to the specific needs and biology of individual patients – personalized medicine – requires delineation of reliable predictors of response. Unfortunately, these have been slow to emerge, especially in neuropsychiatric disorders. We have recently described a real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback protocol that can reduce contamination-related anxiety, a prominent symptom of many cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Individual response to this intervention is variable. Here we used patterns of brain functional connectivity, as measured by baseline resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), to predict improvements in contamination anxiety after neurofeedback training. Activity of a region of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area (BA) 10, associated with contamination anxiety in each subject was measured in real time and presented as a neurofeedback signal, permitting subjects to learn to modulate this target brain region. We have previously reported both enhanced OFC/BA 10 control and improved anxiety in a group of subclinically anxious subjects after neurofeedback. Five individuals with contamination-related OCD who underwent the same protocol also showed improved clinical symptomatology. In both groups, these behavioral improvements were strongly correlated with baseline whole-brain connectivity in the OFC/BA 10, computed from rs-fMRI collected several days prior to neurofeedback training. These pilot data suggest that rs-fMRI can be used to identify individuals likely to benefit from rt-fMRI neurofeedback training to control contamination anxiety.
Reformulated Nyquist criterion for discrete-time systems

A reformulated Nyquist criterion for discrete time systems is generalized in two ways. First, the criterion is cast in a form which allows the user to assess, directly from the mapping, the range of a parameter that yields stability. Second, the criterion is extended to apply to the case where poles at z= infinity occur in the function being mapped. >
Transient interfacial tension behavior of crude oil caustic interfaces

A systematic study is conducted to describe the transient interfacial tension (IFT) behavior of crude-oil/caustic interfaces. The variation in this behavior with variation in the composition of the aqueous phase and other parameters is the focus of this study. It is found that at low pH values, the experimentally observed behavior is similar to that reported earlier. At high pH values, however, a maximum in IFT is observed, followed by a minimum at a late time. Sodium chloride is shown to have no significant effect on the shape of the transient IFT curve, but the absolute values of IFT are at lower NaCl concentrations. Divalent ions dramatically increase the IFT. A chemical model that takes into account the kinetics and the detailed chemistry of the process is used to explain the observed phenomena. The phenomenological surface phase approach is used to model the interface. The resultant set of ordinary differential equations is linearized by making certain justifiable, simplifying assumptions. The analytical solution to the set of equations yields the variation of the various concentrations with time. The IFT is then related to the interfacial concentration of the surface-active species, A/sub s//sup -/, by the Gibbs equation. The variation in themore » transient IFT behavior on changing the kinetic constants, phase volumes, and ionic concentrations is discussed. Finally it is shown that the extension of this model to a two-component model would successfully explain all the experimentally observed phenomena.« less
Pediatric emergency physicians and communicable diseases: can we be trusted to take care of ourselves?

Objective: To determine if pediatric emergency physicians (PEP) are following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations that all health care workers receive routine vaccines and annual tuberculosis screens. Design: A two-page mail survey with one follow-up mailing. Participants: All active members of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Section on Emergency Medicine. Additional inclusion criteria were completion of training and employment in an emergency setting. Results: Of 407 surveys, 286 (60%) were returned; 209 met inclusion criteria. Proof of immunization was not required of 43% of PEP; 42% were not required to have an annual tuberculosis (TB) screen. PEP reported immunity to the following: polio (95%), measles (94%), hepatitis B (91%), rubella (90%), mumps (90%), varicella (90%), and diphtheria-tetanus (86%). However, only 72% received a TB screen, and 60% received an influenza vaccine within the past year. Proof of vaccination for employment was required by 57/85 hospitals, 47/79 universities, and 6/32 self-employed/group practices (X 2 , P < 0.001). Proof of an annual TB screen was required by 64/87 hospitals, 44/82 universities, and 8/32 self-employed/group practices (X 2 , P < 0.001). PEP were more likely to have had a recent annual TB screen if required by their employer (104/117) than if left to their own initiative (42/87) (X 2 , P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although PEP are well protected against most vaccine-preventable diseases, many are not receiving annual TB screens nor influenza vaccines. The CDC guidelines are not being routinely followed by PEP.
Thermo-structural studies of spores subjected to high temperature gas environments

One of the major mechanisms of deactivating spores is to expose them to elevated temperatures. Experiments carried out in an exposure tube to study the effects on spores in a high temperature gas environment provide evidence of spore deactivation, although the deactivation mechanism is not clear. Numerical studies have been performed to complement the experimental work and to study the effects of various parameters, such as gas temperature, exposure time, and internal pressure on spore survivability. The laminar and turbulent flow fields of a sudden expansion inside the thermal exposure system were simulated by computational fluid dynamics. A thermo-structural model with wall porosity was developed to take into account the dynamic response of the spore wall structure to the internal pressure exerted by the heated vapor on the spore wall. Finally, the results of the transient heat transfer and the thermo-structural models are discussed in the context of the uncertainties in biological system parameters and spore survivability.
Fuming nitric acid treatment of polyethylene. IV. Morphology of drawn polyethylene

Drawn PE of different draw ratios (ranging from 1 to 25) and thermal treatment (annealing temperature 80, 100, 110, 120, 127°C.) was treated with fuming nitric acid at 80°C. Weight loss, molecular weight, elastic modulus, and thermograms were measured for annealed and unannealed samples as a function of the treatment time and draw ratio. As a consequence of the preferential oxidation of the noncrystalline portions, there occurs initially a high rate of weight loss and a steep drop in molecular weight, followed by a lower rate of weight loss at nearly constant molecular weight. The elastic modulus stays practically constant up to the moment where the brittleness of the sample prevents further measurement. During the later period the thermograms exhibit one melting peak during the first melting. The remelt of the same sample, however, has two melting peaks with a relative intensity independent of the treatment time. That the two melting peaks are caused by two components of different molecular weights present in the sample is substantiated by fractionation. At very high annealing temperature (127°C.), two peaks appear, not only in the first melting curve of the etched sample, but also in the melting curve of the unetched material. Such an effect is the consequence of partial melting during annealing followed by new crystallization during cooling the sample to room temperature. The findings are related to the morphology of the drawn material under the assumption of preferential scission of chain loops in the amorphous-crystalline sandwich layer model.
Measures of overall diet quality from a food frequency questionnaire: National Health Interview Survey, 1992

Abstract We developed dietary variety based measures of diet quality using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 1992. FFQs from 10,799, aged ≥ 18 years, were examined. We grouped the 68 items in the NHIS FFQ into two categories— nutrient-dense, and energy-dense, nutrient-poor. A dietary variety score (DVS), comprised of the number of food items mentioned at least once a week from the nutrientdense group (54 items), was calculated for each respondent. A dietary variety score for recommended (DVSR) foods was also computed. The DVSR counted at least weekly mentions of foods recommended in current dietary guidance (27 items). The mean±SE of DVS and DVSR were 21±0.1 and 11.6±0.1, respectively. Education, total energy, calcium, vitamin C, carotenoid intakes, and compliance with recommendation of the Food Guide Pyramid correlated positively with the DVS and DVSR. Percent energy from fat was inversely related with DVSR, but was unrelated with DVS. Nutrition knowledge correlated positively with both scores. In conclusion, the scores developed were correlated with nutrient and food group intake, and may be suitable for assessment of these attributes of diet quality when only limited dietary information is available.
A summary of experimental research on the effects of evidence in persuasive communication

(1969). A summary of experimental research on the effects of evidence in persuasive communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 169-176.
Head and neck operations after radiation therapy.

Abstract Postirradiation operations require that the surgeon have a healthy respect for postoperative complications and know how to prevent them as well as to treat them when they do occur. By the selection of appropriate neck incisions and the liberal use of flaps for the internal closure, postoperative complications are minimized and function is maximized. Surgeons should not be satisfied with adequate excision of the tumor and its metastases alone, although this is the most important part of the therapy. Rehabilitation of cosmesis, speech, and swallowing is most important and should begin at the time of the primary operation.
Hailstone impact simulator.

The hailstone impact simulator was constructed to provide experimental data in support of a program to develop the analytical methods for predicting hail damage to aircraft structures. This paper describes the simulator, its operation, the type of data obtained, and the resulting damage by individual hailstones to metallic flat sheets and spherical caps. Simulated hailstones of 1.3, 2.5, 3.8, and 5.1 cm in diameter were used at impact velocities of 60 to 600 m/s.
Investigation of claims for interstellar organisms and complex organic molecules

For many years, Hoyle, Wickramasinghe and their associates have examined interstellar (IS) absorption features in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared and ‘identified’ them with a variety of organic structures or organisms. Among these there have been generalized, pre-biotic molecules1, polyoxymethylene whiskers2, polysaccharides and hydrocarbons3,4, tryptophan (and inferentially proteins)5—all claimed to be coatings on IS grains. In other cases, the grains1,6 have been described as 10–100% alkanes, alkenes, alkynes or aromatics by mass. In extensions of these claims, the grains are supposed to be microorganisms (such as viruses and bacteria7, algae8, siliceous cells similar to diatoms9, yeasts10 or other eukaryotic cells11) in whole or in part. Finally, a case has been advanced for possible interstellar and interplanetary insects11. The ‘identifications’ in these and many other publications call into question the intrinsic origin of Earth life itself12,13 and the uniqueness and validity of darwinian evolution11. We now report on ultraviolet spectra of specimens of the types cited by these workers and compare our results with infrared and ultraviolet data published previously. We conclude that the identifications claimed by Hoyle, Wickramasinghe and their colleagues are unwarranted.
"A stochastic solution of the 3-body problem in chemical kinetics. The termolecular stochastic process I".

It appears to be axiomatic that termolecular and higher order reactions occur relatively rarely. The basis for this judgment seems to lie in the supposition that successful 3-Body collisions of 3 interactive species of molecules cannot occur frequently enought to account for chemical or biochemical transformation. In order to provide a more complete mathematical framework than now exists for examining this hypothesis the probability of effective termolecular “δ-collisions” as a function of time is derived. This amounts to adding to the class of reactions for which stochastic models are now available the termolecular reaction. In common with the unimolecular and bimolecular cases this process is seen to satisfy the criterion of consistency-in-the-mean with respect to deterministic formulations. It is planned next to use the termolecular process and the lower order processes in computer-assistedin numero experimental studies aimed at comparing alternative mechanisms of reaction.
Determination of centers of flexure using the boundary element method

Abstract The center of flexure of a beam of an arbitrary cross-section can be shown to be given in terms of two harmonic functions which satisfy Neumann type boundary conditions. The problem is thus suitable for solution by the boundary element method. It is shown that the determination of the center of flexure can be carried out without resorting to area integrals once the values of the two harmonic functions on the boundary are known. Numerical examples are given for: semi-circular ring sections; an equilateral triangular section; and a right triangular section.
Remarks on criticality problems for slabs and spheres in energy-dependent neutron transport

Abstract This work outlines the generalization to the energy dependent case of some of the methods used to analyze multigroup and monoenergetic critical slab problems. New results for transport in energy-dependent spherical media are given.
Effective forcing versus proper forcing

Abstract ℘, a notion of forcing over E ( ω 1 ), the E -closure of L ( ω 1 ), is said to be effective if every sideways ℘-generic extension preserves E -closure. There are set notions of forcing in E ( ω 1 ) that do not preserve E -closure. The main theorem below asserts that ℘ is effective if and only if it is locally proper, a weak variant of Shelah's notion of proper.
The doctor as God's mechanic? Beliefs in the Southeastern United States

Spiritual practice and beliefs related to healing are described using data from a telephone survey. Questions in the survey address the practice of prayer and spiritual beliefs related to healing. Questions explore belief in miracles, that God acts through religious healers, the importance of God's will in healing, and that God acts through physicians. Questions also ask whether people discuss spiritual concerns with their physician and whether they would want to if seriously ill. We create a composite index to compare religious faith in healing across race, gender, education, income denomination, and health status. Logistic regression predicts types of patients who believe God acts through physicians and those inclined to discuss spiritual concerns when ill. The most important findings are that: 80% of respondents believe God acts through physicians to cure illness, 40% believe God's will is the most important factor in recovery, and spiritual faith in healing is stronger among women. African-Americans, Evangelical Protestants, the poorer, sicker, and less educated. Those who believe that God acts through physicians are more likely to be African-American than White (OR = 1.9) and 55 or older (OR = 3.5). Those who discuss spiritual concerns with a physician are more likely to be female (OR = 1.9) and in poor health (OR = 2.1). Although 69% say they would want to speak to someone about spiritual concerns if seriously ill, only 3% would choose to speak to a physician. We conclude that religious faith in healing is prevalent and strong in the southern United States and that most people believe that God acts through doctors. Knowledge of the phenomena and variation across the population can guide inquiry into the spiritual concerns of patients.
Hamiltonian Systems on Time Scales

Linear and nonlinear Hamiltonian systems are studied on time scales T. We unify symplectic flow properties of discrete and continuous Hamiltonian systems. A chain rule which unifies discrete and continuous settings is presented for our so-called alpha derivatives on generalized time scales. This chain rule allows transformation of linear Hamiltonian systems on time scales under simultaneous change of independent and dependent variables, thus extending the change of dependent variables recently obtained by Doslý and Hilscher. We also give the Legendre transformation for nonlinear Euler–Lagrange equations on time scales to Hamiltonian systems on time scales.
The effect of edge roughness on magnetization reversal in micron-sized permalloy thin films

The effect of edge roughness on the reproducibility of hysteresis loops and the magnetization reversal time of rectangular micron-sized permalloy thin films was studied using a dynamic micromagnetic simulation. Edge roughness was found to change the local equilibrium magnetization patterns, and the transition between these local equilibrium magnetization patterns was shown to induce steps in the hysteresis loops and to strongly affect the magnetization reversal time. In rectangular films, fast magnetization reversals and clean hysteresis loops are more likely to result when N-type magnetization patterns are stable in positive and negative saturation. A rough estimate of the hard-axis bias field required to eliminate edge-roughness-induced irreproducibility was determined.
Functional Intravital Imaging of Leukocytes in Animal Models of Renal Injury

An important emerging paradigm in the understanding of renal disease is the recognition of the central role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of acute and chronic kidney injury. These
Scaffolding Deep Comprehension Strategies Through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART

It is well-documented that most students do not have adequate proficiencies in inquiry and metacognition, particularly at deeper levels of comprehension that require explanatory reasoning. The proficiencies are not routinely provided by teachers and normal tutors so it is worthwhile to turn to computer-based learning environments. This article describes some of our recent computer systems that were designed to facilitate explanation-centered learning through strategies of inquiry and metacognition while students learn science and technology content. Point&Query augments hypertext, hypermedia, and other learning environments with question-answer facilities that are under the learner control. AutoTutor and iSTART use animated conversational agents to scaffold strategies of inquiry, metacognition, and explanation construction. AutoTutor coaches students in generating answers to questions that require explanations (e.g., why, what-if, how) by holding a mixed-initiative dialogue in natural language. iSTART mod...
Exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: An optimizing inhibitory learning approach

Abstract This paper is part of a series that explores the application of different therapies to a case of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). It describes the application of an optimizing inhibitory learning approach to exposure with response prevention for OCD. This paper covers the basic theory and applications of the optimizing inhibitory learning approach for OCD and provides a detailed case conceptualization. Specific examples illustrate how to conduct exposure in a manner that enhances inhibitory learning with the goal of enhancing long-term exposure therapy outcomes. The goal of this paper is to familiarize clinicians with the function that inhibitory learning serves in exposure treatment and how to apply the research findings to maximize inhibitory learning in the context of treating OCD.
The Functions of Plasminogen in Cardiovascular Disease

Plasminogen (Plg) and its derivative serine protease, plasmin, together with the activators, inhibitors, modulators, and substrates of the Plg network, are postulated to regulate a wide variety of biologic responses that could influence cardiovascular disease. The development of Plg-deficient mice has provided an incisive approach to test these proposed functions in vivo. Several different models of atherosclerosis, restenosis, aneurysm, and thrombosis have been analyzed in these mice and have demonstrated profound effects of Plg on these events as well as on the inflammatory response, which contributes to these cardiovascular diseases. Plasmin (ogen) may influence the progression of cardiovascular diseases through its degradation of matrix proteins, including fibrin; its activation of matrix metalloproteinases; its regulation of growth factor and chemokine pathways; or its influence on directed cell migration. Dissection of these mechanisms represents a future challenge toward understanding the roles of Plg in vivo.
Interrupt Verification via Thread Verification

Most of the research effort towards verification of concurrent software has focused on multithreaded code. On the other hand, concurrency in low-end embedded systems is predominantly based on interrupts. Low-end embedded systems are ubiquitous in safety-critical applications such as those supporting transportation and medical automation; their verification is important. Although interrupts are superficially similar to threads, there are subtle semantic differences between the two abstractions. This paper compares and contrasts threads and interrupts from the point of view of verifying the absence of race conditions. We identify a small set of extensions that permit thread verification tools to also verify interrupt-driven software, and we present examples of source-to-source transformations that turn interrupt-driven code into semantically equivalent thread-based code that can be checked by a thread verifier. Finally, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept program transformation tool that converts interrupt-driven sensor network applications into multithreaded code, and we use an existing tool to find race conditions in these applications.
Feldspar Megacrysts in Alkali Basalts

Feldspar megacrysts from pyroclastic ejecta of four alkaline basaltic centers were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Anorthoclase is present at three localities, oligoclase at two localities, and andesine at one locality. These crystals are interpreted as phenocrysts of the basalt that crystallized under high-pressure conditions. The presence of anorthoclase in these alkali basalts is reasonable because the normative feldspar compositions from these rocks plot within the excluded portion of the Or-Ab-An diagram. This indicates that two types of feldspar, one alkali-rich and the other a more calcic plagioclase, would have crystallized from the melt. The value for D Sr of 5.6 that we measure for the anorthoclase basalt indicates that crystallization of this mineral will significantly deplete the total strontium content of an alkaline magma.
Synchronous replication of remote storage

Storage replication is one of the essential requirements for network environments. While many forms of Network Attached Storage (NAS), Storage Area Networks (SAN) and other forms of network storage exist, there is a need for a reliable synchronous storage replication technique between distant sites (less than 1 mile). Such technology allows setting new standards for network failover and failback systems for virtual servers; specifically, addressing the growing need for effective disaster recovery (DR) planning. The purpose of this manuscript is to identify newest technologies such as SAN/iQ and Storage VMotion that allow for remote storage synchronous replication for virtual servers. This study provides an analysis and a comparison of various SANs that create solutions for enterprise needs. Additionally, the interoperability of these technologies with the industry s leading product VMware ESX Server will be discussed.
Finite element analysis of free jet impingement

An analysis of axisymmetric free jet impingement on to finite disks was performed using the finite element method. The method employed the velocity potential as the dependent variable and six-node triangle elements to represent the region of flow. The analysis was divided into three parts corresponding to three distinct regions of the flow: (1) In the disk region, the free jet impinged on to a finite disk which was oriented normal to the flow. The jet was subjected to zero or normal gravity and to surface tension effects of varying degrees. (2) Upon leaving the disk region, the jet entered the plume region where it was acted upon internally by surface tension and externally by zero or normal gravity. (3) In the collision region, the flow from the plume region collided symmetrically at some downstream area about the axis of symmetry. The major result achieved from this investigation was the development of techniques to locate the free surface in all three regions for a range of conditions. The velocity profiles along selected lines of constant values of the potential were determined, and a successful comparison was made between the numerical results and existing experimental data.
Activated Leukocytes and Endothelium in Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Evidence from molecular, biochemical, biophysical, microcirculatory, pharmacological, and epidemiological studies suggests that activation of leukocytes and interaction with the endothelium may lead to cardiovascular disorders with progressive tissue injury.
Canonical piecewise-linear modeling

To take advantage of the remarkable computational efficiency of the canonical piecewise-linear approach for dc nonlinear electronic circuit analysis, the devices must be modeled by a canonical piecewise-linear model. This paper presents a unified parameter optimization algorithm for constructing such models. This algorithm is then applied to derive prototype canonical piecewise-linear models of p-n junction diodes, bipolar transistors, MOSFET's, and GaAs FET's. The canonical piecewise-linear model can be regarded as a universal model since its form remains unchanged for all devices. Only the coefficients differ from one device to another. For large-scale circuits, the canonical piecewise-linear representation has a decisive advantage over other representations in regard to the number of memory locations needed to specify the equations.
Rape as an Economic Crime The Impact of Sexual Violence on Survivors’ Employment and Economic Well-Being

This article examines how isolated instances of sexual violence affect adult female survivors’ employment and economic well-being. This study draws on data from 27 in-depth, qualitative interviews with sexual assault survivors and rape crisis service providers. The findings suggest that sexual assault and the related trauma response can disrupt survivors’ employment in several ways, including time off, diminished performance, job loss, and inability to work. By disrupting income or reducing earning power, all of these employment consequences have implications for survivors’ economic well-being in the months or years following the assault. In addition, I argue that for many survivors, these employment consequences compound one another and ultimately shift survivors’ long-term economic trajectories. By highlighting survivors’ lived experiences of the financial aftermath of sexual assault, these findings help to illuminate the processes by which sexual violence decreases survivors’ income over the life cours...
(L-2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic-acid)oxytocin. Circular dichroism studies of conformation and interaction with neurophysin.

The role of the α-amino group of oxytocin in affecting the conformation of oxytocin and its binding to neurophysin was studied by a comparison of the circular dichroism and binding properties of oxytocin with those of (L-2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic acid)oxytocin which contains a hydroxyl in place of the oxytocin amino group. The circular dichroism properties of (L-2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic acid)oxytocin were very similar to those of deamino-oxytocin (in which the amino group of oxytocin is replaced by a hydrogen) but differed significantly from those of oxytocin, particularly under conditions in which the oxytocin α-amino group is protonated. The protonated oxytocin α-amino group is known to participate in a salt-bridge with a neurophysin carboxyl at neutral pH, but oxytocin appears to bind to neurophysin without salt-bridge formation below pH 2. Nonetheless, (L-2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic acid)oxytocin, like deamino-oxytocin, was found not to bind to the hormone-binding site of neurophysin with measurable affinity at either neutral pH or low pH. The results indicate that, in the binding of oxytocin to neurophysin, the protonated oxytocin α-amino group plays a role more complex than that of carboxylate charge neutralization and suggest that this role involves an effect on oxytocin conformation. However, highly specific bonding interactions between the α-amino group and neurophysin, additional to those of salt-bridge formation, are not precluded.
Intestine may be a major site of action for the apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F whether administered subcutaneously or orally

To determine if the dose of peptide administered or the plasma level was more important, doses of 0.15, 0.45, 4.5, or 45 mg/kg/day of the peptide D-4F were administered orally or subcutaneously (SQ) to apoliptotein (apo)E null mice. Plasma levels of peptide were ∼1,000-fold higher when administered SQ compared with orally. Regardless of the route of administration, doses of 4.5 and 45 mg/kg significantly reduced plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and the HDL inflammatory index (P < 0.0001); doses of 0.15 or 0.45 mg/kg did not. A dose of 45 mg/kg/day administered to apoE null mice on a Western diet reduced aortic atherosclerosis by ∼50% (P < 0.0009) whether administered orally or SQ and also significantly reduced plasma levels of SAA (P < 0.002) and lysophosphatidic acid (P < 0.0009). Remarkably, for each dose administered, the concentration and amount of peptide in the feces was similar regardless of whether the peptide was administered orally or SQ. We conclude: i) the dose of 4F administered and not the plasma level achieved determines efficacy; ii) the intestine may be a major site of action for the peptide regardless of the route of administration.
Ascending KLFs in cardiovascular biology

Cardiac transcription factor biologists have spent many years identifying transcription factors that function as critical regulators of important cellular processes; however, the challenges in understanding cardiac transcriptional regulatory networks have been formidable. The cardiovascular system is a complex organ system in which component muscle cells must interact with other cells in a coordinated fashion to generate and maintain the heart and vasculature. Within the heart, muscle cells contract to circulate the blood, while specialized muscle cells are required for generation of the heartbeat and electrical propagation of coordinated contractile signals. In the vasculature, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) maintain vascular tone but also undergo phenotypic changes including proliferation, migration, and conversion from a contractile, differentiated state to a more synthetic, dedifferentiated state in response to injury. At the molecular level, various transcription factors within these cells coordinate gene expression patterns to enable them to perform these various roles. Linking transcription factors to the complex and varied behaviors of cardiac and smooth muscle cells has challenged transcription factor biologists for many years. Disruptions within these transcriptional networks can lead to extensive functional deficits. Studies on the Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) provide many instructive examples. The KLFs comprise a family of zinc finger transcription factors whose members play important roles in cardiovascular tissues, as highlighted in this issue of the Journal [1]. In this review, the authors provide a concise and timely update on the biology of KLFs in cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. These factors are numerous, comprising 18 members to date, and are functionally diverse, serving as either ubiquitous or tissue-restricted transcriptional repressors or activators that interact with numerous protein partners.
Fundamental Studies of Recombinant Hydrogenases

This research addressed the long term goals of understanding the assembly and organization of hydrogenase enzymes, of reducing them in size and complexity, of determining structure/function relationships, including energy conservation via charge separation across membranes, and in screening for novel H2 catalysts. A key overall goal of the proposed research was to define and characterize minimal hydrogenases that are produced in high yields and are oxygen-resistant. Remarkably, in spite of decades of research carried out on hydrogenases, it is not possible to readily manipulate or design the enzyme using molecular biology approaches since a recombinant form produced in a suitable host is not available. Such resources are essential if we are to understand what constitutes a “minimal” hydrogenase and design such catalysts with certain properties, such as resistance to oxygen, extreme stability and specificity for a given electron donor. The model system for our studies is Pyrococcus furiosus, a hyperthermophile that grows optimally at 100°C, which contains three different nickel-iron [NiFe-] containing hydrogenases. Hydrogenases I and II are cytoplasmic while the other, MBH, is an integral membrane protein that functions to both evolve H2 and pump protons. Three important breakthroughs were made during the funding period with P. furiosus solublemore » hydrogenase I (SHI). First, we produced an active recombinant form of SHI in E. coli by the co-expression of sixteen genes using anaerobically-induced promoters. Second, we genetically-engineered P. furiosus to overexpress SHI by an order of magnitude compared to the wild type strain. Third, we generated the first ‘minimal’ form of SHI, one that contained two rather than four subunits. This dimeric form was stable and active, and directly interacted with a pyruvate-oxidizing enzyme with any intermediate electron carrier. The research resulted in five peer-reviewed publications.« less
Retaining Walls and Deep Basements

Much of the work of a Civil Engineer involves opening the ground in a safe way to construct underground structures. Retaining walls can be used to provide support to the ground in both the permanent and temporary condition, but they are expensive to construct, so the Engineer will try to use an embankment or self-supporting slope wherever possible. Only after eliminating this option will a retaining structure of some form be considered. Retaining walls are designed to provide support to otherwise unstable soil surfaces and are often an integral part of basement design. In particular, deep basements may incorporate several storeys of a structure below ground and must be designed with care to resist very large forces from the ground. In this chapter we shall consider the construction and design of retaining walls and deep basements. Looking initially at conventional retaining walls, we shall move on to discuss new developments in this field of construction linking them in to basement and deep basement construction.
Country Image: Halo or Summary Construct?:

The author examines the role of country image in consumer evaluations of television sets and automobiles. Specifically, two alternative causal models are developed and tested: (1) the halo model hy...
Elongational Flow Behavior of Polymeric Fluids

Abstract Interest in the elongational flow behavior of fluids and the effects of the elongational flow regime on the development of structure and morphology has increased rapidly in recent years. There are several processes involving elongational flow of polymeric materials, but the scope of this review will be primarily restricted to the elongational deformations involved in the process of fiber extrusion. Other processes will be mentioned briefly.
Hemodynamics in Hemorrhage: Influences of Sympathetic Nerves and Pentobarbital Anesthesia:

SummaryIn the unanesthetized splenectomized dogs, hemorrhage causes 1.5% decrease in cardiac output for each 1.0% reduction in blood volume. The posthemorrhage decreases in arterial pressure and cardiac output in these unanesthetized dogs with sympathetics intact are less than those seen in the unanesthetized sympathectomized dogs, but the pressure-output relations are essentially the same in these two groups. Therefore in the unanesthetized state, the sympathetic system aids in the maintenance of the circulation primarily by its cardiac influence with little action on the overall vascular resistance. In contrast, with the use of pentobarbital anesthesia, hemorrhage cannot further increase the discharge of the cardiac sympathetics and the major sympathetic response is to cause constriction of the resistance vessels.
VTA glutamatergic inputs to nucleus accumbens drive aversion by acting on GABAergic interneurons

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is best known for its dopamine neurons, some of which project to nucleus accumbens (nAcc). However, the VTA also has glutamatergic neurons that project to nAcc. The function of the mesoaccumbens glutamatergic pathway remains unknown. Here we report that nAcc photoactivation of mesoaccumbens glutamatergic fibers promotes aversion. Although we found that these mesoaccumbens glutamatergic fibers lack GABA, the aversion evoked by their photoactivation depended on glutamate- and GABA-receptor signaling, and not on dopamine-receptor signaling. We found that mesoaccumbens glutamatergic fibers established multiple asymmetric synapses on single parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons and that nAcc photoactivation of these fibers drove AMPA-mediated cellular firing of parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons. These parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons in turn inhibited nAcc medium spiny output neurons, thereby controlling inhibitory neurotransmission in nAcc. To our knowledge, the mesoaccumbens glutamatergic pathway is the first glutamatergic input to nAcc shown to mediate aversion instead of reward, and the first pathway shown to establish excitatory synapses on nAcc parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons.
A New Look at Measurements of Network Density

Abstract A two-solvent method for determining the polymer-solvent interaction parameters independently of stress-strain data is described. The values obtained are much lower than those reported previously. Network densities calculated from swelling data and these interaction parameters are in good agreement with those calculated from the return portion of a hysteresis loop at high elongations.
Improvement of the Spacing Mechanism of the Lower Guide Rail in a Sliding Door

Concerning the spacing mechanism of the lower guide rail in the sliding door,the left and right symmetry properties, the"U"shape,the complex structure,the large dimensions,all of these increase certain difficulties to the design of the mold.In this regard,the application of the more powerful 3D CAD/CAM software UGNX in the numerical modeling of the product provides a basis for the creation of the model for the mold fabrication.This article determines the reasonableness of the outboard mounting of the shrapnel and a welding connecting method adopted in the spacing mechanism of the lower guide rail in the sliding door by analyzing the process of the products.Thus,it reduces procurement costs and manufacturing costs,designs products of high price performance ratio.
Increasing accuracy of the Kano model – a case study

This study focuses on the Kano model which is used to categorise the requirements of customers. The study describes the three most frequently used modifications of the Kano model and then systematically analyses the key effects of these modifications. A new approach – Type IV – is then proposed. Using Type IV, it is possible to eliminate the disadvantages identified in the above-mentioned existing approaches – the level of accuracy for the producer and the difficulty of the method for the customer. The proposed approach is based on a modification of the process of requirement categorisation intended to minimise the discrepancy zone between the calculated and the real position of a particular requirement. The Type IV Kano model is then validated by using an example of categorisation of requirements for after-sales services in the car industry. Validation found that the approaches proposed in this study significantly improve the accuracy of requirement categorisation without increasing the difficulty for th...