cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Periostin and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand expression in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

Background Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a disease demonstrating substantial eosinophilic inflammation and characteristic radiographic bony erosion/expansion. Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein associated with eosinophil accumulation in eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic asthma mucus production, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) polyp formation. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) is an osteoclast activator present in osteoporosis and periodontal disease. We sought to evaluate periostin and RANKL expression in AFRS and correlate these levels with radiographic scales of disease severity. Methods Thirty sinus tissue specimens were intraoperatively collected from 3 patient groups: AFRS; CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP); and controls (n = 10 per group). Specimens were analyzed by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (sq-RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) labeling/confocal microscopy for the presence of both periostin and RANKL. Immunofluorescence staining intensity was quantified by pixel density analysis. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans from each patient were scored using both the Lund-Mackay and CT bone erosion scoring systems. Results Periostin was significantly elevated in AFRS sinus tissue compared to CRSsNP and controls, as demonstrated by IF (p < 0.001) and PCR (p = 0.011). RANKL was not detected in sinus tissue by IF or PCR. Periostin levels positively correlated with radiographic indices of disease severity for both soft tissue and bone, using Lund-Mackay (r = 0.926 [PCR] and r = 0.581 [IF]) and CT bone erosion (r = 0.672 [PCR] and r = 0.616 [IF]) scoring systems, respectively. Conclusion Periostin is increased in AFRS tissue compared to CRSsNP and controls. Periostin levels positively correlate with radiologic disease severity scores. The increased levels of periostin in AFRS are possibly tied to its intense eosinophilic inflammatory etiology.
Reconstitution of epidermal growth factor receptor transmodulation by platelet-derived growth factor in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) causes an acute decrease in the high affinity binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to cell surface receptors and an increase in the phosphorylation state of the EGF receptor at threonine654. The hypothesis that PDGF action to regulate the EGF receptor is mediated by the activation of protein kinase C and the subsequent phosphorylation of EGF receptor threonine654 was tested. The human receptors for PDGF and EGF were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells that lack expression of endogenous receptors for these growth factors. The heterologous regulation of the EGF receptor by PDGF was reconstituted in cells expressing [Thr654]EGF receptors or [Ala654]EGF receptors. PDGF action was also observed in phorbol ester down-regulated cells that lack detectable protein kinase C activity. Together these data indicate that neither protein kinase C nor the phosphorylation of EGF receptor threonine654 is required for the regulation of the apparent affinity of the EGF receptor by PDGF.
Multithreaded tightly-coupled multiprocessor system

As a shared-memory multiprocessor is scaled, there will be an increase in the network latency, due to the increase of the remote memory access requests. The latency can cause a significant drop in processor utilization. This paper describes the proposed multithreaded multiprocessor system, in which there are number of hardware contexts per CPU, multiple buses and memory modules. It uses a coarse-grain method to schedule threads and two-phase waiting algorithm to synchronize the waiting threads. The results include the effect of the relationship among the number of hardware contexts, memory modules and buses for a multithreaded multiprocessor system.
HIGH STRENGTH TUNGSTEN CARBIDES.

It is well known1,2 that the mechanical properties of sintered tungsten carbide-cobalt alloys are critically dependent upon carbon content. Only when the carbon content corresponds closely to the theoretical value for WC, i.e. 6.13 weight %, are two-phase structures (WC and a Co-rich solid solution) observed. The optimum mechanical properties, as well as product performance, are obtained when only these two phases are present. It is found that deviation of the carbon composition results in the appearance of a third phase, with consequent inferior properties. In the case of a carbon excess, the third phase that appears is graphite, with a resultant lowering of strength and hardness. Deficiency of carbon below the stoichiometric value for WC, on the other hand, produces the double carbide Co3W3C(η), with markedly inferior strength and impact resistance.
Dissociation of Molecules by Slow Electrons

At a first glance it might appear unlikely that the nuclei within a molecule can be separated in a collision with such a light particle as an electron. However, according to the Born—Oppenheimer principle, the effective potential controlling the motion of the nuclei is given by the eigenvalues of the electronic Hamiltonian. Thus, a change in the electronic structure of the molecule can have a profound effect on the nuclear motion, and an electronic transition will often be accompanied by vibrational excitation or dissociation of the molecule.
Band gap tailoring of Nd3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

Undoped and Nd3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition in order to tailor the band gap of TiO2. The doping reduced the band gap. The band gap was measured by ultraviolet-visible light absorption experiments and by near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure. The maximum band gap reduction was 0.55 eV for 1.5 at. % Nd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations using the generalized gradient approximation with the linearized augmented plane wave method were used to interpret the band gap narrowing. The band gap narrowing was primarily attributed to the substitutional Nd3+ ions which introduced electron states into the band gap of TiO2 to form the new lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
IgA-dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis presenting as a fatal pulmonary-renal syndrome

Over the last decades, post-infectious glomerulonephritis underwent major changes in its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes. We are reporting a case of IgA-dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis (IgA-PIGN) presenting as a fatal pulmonary-renal syndrome. An 86-year-old Filipino man presented with worsening dyspnea, hemoptysis, and decreased urine output over 2 weeks. Past medical history is significant for hypertension, chronic kidney disease stage III, and pneumonia 3 weeks prior treated with intravenous cefazolin for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Physical examination was remarkable for heart rate of 109/min and respiratory rate of 25/min saturating 99% on 3 liters via nasal cannula. There were bibasilar rales in the lungs and bilateral ankle edema. A chest radiograph showed bibasilar opacifications. Blood work was significant for hemoglobin of 8.3 g/dL and creatinine of 9.2 mg/dL (baseline of 1.67). TTE showed EF 55%. Urinalysis revealed large blood and red blood cell casts. Kidney ultrasound showed bilateral echogenicity compatible with renal disease. Pulse methylprednisolone therapy and hemodialysis were initiated with patient's condition precluding kidney biopsy. Serology workup for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis was negative. On day 7, the patient required mechanical ventilation; bronchoscopy showed alveolar hemorrhage and plasmapheresis was initiated. Renal biopsy revealed IgA-PIGN with endocapillary and focal extracapillary proliferative and exudative features. IgA-PIGN occurs in diabetic elderly (mean age of 60 years), 0-16 weeks after an infection mainly by Staphylococcus. However, this nondiabetic patient had normal complement IgA-PIGN with fatal pulmonary-renal syndrome. Understanding the pathogenesis and identifying the nephrotoxic bacteria species and the aberrant IgA molecule will open new insights toward prevention and treatment.
Application of Systems Biology in Neurotoxicological Studies During Development

Systems biology has been defined as the iterative and integrative study of biological systems as they respond to perturbations. This chapter highlights the application of the systems biology approach to enhance the understanding of complex biological processes such as neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Although not yet fully delineated, the working model for anesthetic (e.g., ketamine)-induced neurodegeneration during development involves the modulation of normally occurring brain-sculpting mechanisms that control CNS development. Exposure of the developing mammal to anesthetics such as ketamine perturbs the endogenous N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system and results in enhanced neuronal cell death. The working model is that prolonged ketamine exposure produces up-regulation of NMDA receptors and subsequent over-stimulation of the glutamatergic system by endogenous glutamate, triggering enhanced apoptosis of developing neurons. When the nervous system was perturbed with ketamine-induced anesthesia and gene expression changes were monitored, NMDA receptor genes were significantly up-regulated and this finding was confirmed by in situ hybridization studies. Systems biology, as applied to toxicology, provides a framework in which information can be arranged in the form of a biological model and various global datasets can be collected and integrated to determine whether they support the model. Discrepancies can be identified and hypotheses-driven studies conducted in order to address them. Thus, data generated via iteration of this process can be used to reformulate the model in light of the new data. Keywords: systems biology; toxicology; development; genomics; proteomics; metabolomics
Neoliberalism's Children. India's Economy, Wageless Life, and Organized Crime in The Moor's Last Sigh

As a comment on India post- Midnight’s Children , Salman Rushdie’s 1995 novel The Moor’s Last Sigh offers a broad-based critique of modern India within the context of economic policy shifts in India following independence from British rule in 1947. The gradual implementation of neoliberal economic policies in the 1980s and 1990s accompanied India’s emergence as a major player in the global capitalist economy but also led to drastic increases in income inequality, unemployment, and the proliferation of a vast informal sector of exploitable human capital. Rushdie's novel identifies India's entrepreneurial and capitalist classes, specifically in Mumbai/Bombay, as complicit in the exacerbation of class disparity which has led, in many cases, to increased Hindu-Muslim cultural tensions and the growing ubiquity of government corruption and organized crime. The novel offers additional insight into the exploitative logic of Hindu nationalist politics through its parodic depiction of the Shiv Sena party, which owes much of its political clout to the maintenance of a patriarchal, mafia-esque relationship with urban slum-dwellers. The Moor's Last Sigh delineates new and complex forms of oppression and exploitation in postcolonial India that often occur simultaneously along class and cultural lines.
Who wants to be a millionaire? How the press framed the role of the public in the dispute between time Warner cable and Disney's ABC network in may 2000

At midnight on May 1, 2000, Time Warner Cable dropped the signal of Disney's ABC network from its systems in seven major markets. The signal was unavailable for approximately 39 hours, affecting roughly 3.5 million subscribers. While lawyers and regulators pondered the retransmission consent provisions of the Cable Act of 1992 and the accompanying FCC rules, the press was called upon to report and interpret these issues to the public. This paper examines the frames present in journalistic accounts triggered by the loss of ABC's signal in five mass newspapers and five trade publications. Specifically, the paper addresses the question: How did the press portray the role of the public in relation to the Time Warner ‐ Disney dispute? The data presented in the paper strongly suggest that the press failed to develop a cogent discussion of the underlying policy issues in a way useful to the public. The analysis of the press coverage concludes that the public was framed as passive and was largely excluded from th...
Electrotonically Coupled Interneurones produce Two Types of Inhibition in Aplysia Neurones

IN the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica, there are two types of inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs). There are unitary short-lasting IPSPs which occur as the result of conductance changes during the movement of Cl− across the synaptic membrane—IPSPs which have definite equilibrium potentials and characteristics similar to those described for other neuronal systems1—and there are IPSPs which last much longer and may be much more effective in regulating the activity of the neurone, which Taue has called “inhibitions of long duration” (ILD)2,3. In Aplysia some of these long lasting inhibitory potentials are produced by conductance changes and have definite equilibrium potentials4. Long lasting inhibitions or “slow inhibitory potentials” as well as short lasting IPSPs have also been described in vertebrate sympathetic ganglia5, but in these, long lasting IPSPs are not accompanied by changes in membrane conductance. Some of the long lasting inhibitions (LLI) have been explained on the basis of an ATP-dependent electrogenic Na+ pump6. Presumably this ATP-dependent pump hyperpolarizes the membrane by causing an outflux of Na+ from the cell which is more rapid than the corresponding “active” influx of K+7. There is evidence now for the existence of such an electrogenic Na+ pump in some of the identified neurones of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica8. Pinsker and Kandel9 have found some evidence that in these neurones the electrogenic Na+ pump is activated by the synaptic action of an identified cholinergic inhibitory interneurone, L10, producing the long lasting “late IPSP”. But Kehoe and Ascher10, although agreeing that the same interneurone (L10) produces both types of IPSPs in the follower neurones, have shown that the “late IPSP”9 is due to an increase in the K+ conductance and that it has an equilibrium potential around −90 mV. I have found that in this abdominal ganglion there is another specific interneurone which is electrotonically coupled to L10 and which, when activated, produces a long lasting inhibition (LLI) in a number of follower neurones. Thus L10 produces the LLI or “late IPSP” in some follower neurones not directly, but through the mediation of another interneurone.
Supplemental energy needed for wind integration

Storage developers and system operators remain interested in the potential of “firming” wind power at individual plants. The work presented here analyzes the energy required to firm individual plants, and the sensitivity of that energy to plant type, contract period, measurement period and forecast accuracy. The intent of this work is to provide quantitative design guidance to developers of storage solutions and other firming applications.
Tracking Potential Crack Growth Damage in U.S. Air Force Aircraft

This paper provides basic information on the two major U.S. Air Force aircraft force management activities: the Force Structural Maintenance (FSM) plan and the Individual Aircraft Tracking (IAT) program. Details are only presented, however, on requirements and concepts applicable to the IAT program activity. The control point tracking concept and the supporting methodology are presented to identify procedures that can be used to simplify the IAT program for tracking potential crack growth damage. The damage and life transfer functions that provide the basis for tracking crack growth damage at control points are generally applicable to most IAT programs. The paper focuses attention on crack growth gage as one device for monitoring damage in a more direct sense than the currently employed indirect measuring devices. The crack growth gage is shown to provide a single number that can be related to damage and, thus, life expended. A description is provided on how to relate an individual aircraft's control point crack growth behavior to the standard time frame associated with the defined mission usage.
Choice and Luck in Recent Egalitarian Thought

Contemporary egalitarians often appeal to a distinction between inequalities issuing from choice as opposed to those stemming from brute luck. Inequalities of the second kind, they say, ought to be redressed, while those of the former may be allowed to stand. In this paper, I scrutinize the role played by the notion of brute luck in Ronald Dworkin's theory of equality. My intention is to show that Dworkin seeks to occupy what turns out to be an untenable middle position. He is sandwiched unhappily between G. A. Cohen's radical brute luck egalitarianism, on the one side, and a non-egalitarian conception of justice that rejects entirely the appeal to brute luck, on the other. It follows from the untenable nature of Dworkin's position that egalitarians face a much starker choice than he realizes. They should either wholeheartedly embrace the brute luck story or else find another way of grounding their position.
Organic broccoli production on transition soils: comparing cover crops, tillage and sidedress N.

Little information is available about how farmers in transition to organic practices should manage short- and long-term N fertility. The objectives of this research were (1) to evaluate the leguminous cover crops lablab (Dolichos lablab L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and a mixture of sunn hemp and cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl.) as N sources; (2) to compare N availability and broccoli yield when cover crops were incorporated with conventional tillage (CT) or retained as a surface mulch using no-tillage (NT) practices; and (3) to quantify the amount of supplemental sidedress nitrogen required to maximize the yield of organic broccoli (Brassica oleracea Group Italica) on transition soils. Broccoli was grown during the first year after organic transition in the spring and fall of 2006 at the Kentland Agricultural Research Farm near Blacksburg, VA. Spring (P<0.001) and fall (P<0.001) broccoli yield increased as the rate of sidedress N was increased up to 112 kg N ha−1, and showed a quadratic correlation with leaf N (P=<0.001, R2=0.80 and P=<0.001, R2=0.38, respectively). There was no difference in spring broccoli yield between CT and NT; however, CT produced the highest yield in the fall crop. At low sidedress N rates, leaf N was highest in CT plots, but tillage had no effect on N uptake at high N rates. This indicates that early season and perhaps total plant-available mineralized N was greater in CT than NT; however, potential N deficiency in NT soil may be compensated by sidedress N. Broccoli yield was not affected by leguminous cover crop, even though the quantity of cover crop biomass and N contribution was different among species. This suggests that N availability from leguminous cover crops may be impacted by other ecological processes such as soil microbial activity. This study shows that organic CT and NT growers can maximize broccoli yield in transition soils low in N availability, by using leguminous cover crops in combination with moderate amounts of sidedress N.
A simple, rapid, and quantitative radiometric assay of acetylcholinesterase

Abstract A thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the radiometric assay of minute quantities of acetylcholinesterase. It is simple, rapid, and allows the simultaneous assay and total recoveries of acetylcholine and acetate.
Synthesis Of Pbs/tio2 Colloidal Heterostructures For Photovoltaic Applications

We report on heteroepitaxial growth of nearly monodisperse PbS nanocrystals onto the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles via colloidal hot-injection routes. Fabricated PbS/TiO2 nanocomposites can be dispersed in nonpolar solvents, which enables an easy solution processing of these materials into mesoporous films for use as light-absorbing layers in nanocrystal-sensitized solar cells. High-temperature deposition of the sensitizer material allows controlling both the size and the number of PbS domains grown onto TiO2 nanoparticles, whereby providing synthetic means for tuning the absorbance spectrum of PbS/TiO2 nanocomposites and simultaneously enhancing their photocatalytic response in the visible and near-infrared. Compared with conventional ionic bath deposition of PbS semiconductors onto TiO2, the reported method results in an improved nanocrystal quality and narrower distribution of PbS sizes; meanwhile, the use of hot-temperature deposition of PbS (T = 180 °C) promotes the formation of near-epitaxial relati...
The Energetics of El Niño and La Niña

Abstract Data from a realistic model of the ocean, forced with observed atmospheric conditions for the period 1953–92, are analyzed to determine the energetics of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific. The work done by the winds on the ocean, rather than generating kinetic energy, does work against pressure gradients and generates buoyancy power, which in turn is responsible for the rate of change of available potential energy (APE). This means interannual fluctuations in work done by the wind have a phase that leads variations in APE. Variations in the sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern equatorial Pacific and in APE are highly correlated and in phase so that changes in the work done by the wind are precursors of El Nino. The wind does positive work on the ocean during the half cycle that starts with the peak of El Nino and continues into La Nina; it does negative work during the remaining half cycle. The results corroborate the delayed oscillator mechanism that qualitatively describes...
The Enigma of Drought:Management and Policy Issues for the 1990s

Drought affects more people than any other hazard, in both developed and developing countries, yet few governments have taken steps to prepare for it. This situation stems partly from the complex nature of drought, which affects various sectors of society in different ways, and partly from an inability or unwillingness of governments to accept drought as a normal part of climate, not as an extreme random event. Scientific and policy communities have become increasingly concerned about the inability of governments to respond to drought in an effective and timely manner, and some have called for improved drought planning and management. This paper discusses planning as a means to reduce societal vulnerability to drought and outlines an approach that governments and international organizations can follow to prepare for severe drought. The basis of this approach is a ten‐step planning process created from recommendations made at the 1986 Internationial Symposium and Workshop on Drought. The status of drought ...
The form and the substance.

By careful microscopic examination of in vitro fertilization (pages 47–52) Simerly et al. demonstrate the paternal origin of the human centrosome and reveal steps at which fertilization may fail.
Ultrafast continuum mid-infrared spectroscopy: probing the entire vibrational spectrum in a single laser shot with femtosecond time resolution

Until now, ultrafast IR spectroscopy has been limited by the bandwidth of optical parametric amplifiers, typically 100–400 cm−1. Here we present the first example of transient IR spectroscopy using a continuum laser source to probe the entire mid-IR region with ultrafast time resolution. The continuum source is based on focusing the fundamental, second harmonic, and third harmonic of 1 mJ, 25 fs, 800 nm pulses in air, generating ∼150 fs continuum mid-IR pulses that span the frequency range of 5000 cm-1 or, conversely, 25 μm. We characterize the spectral and temporal properties of dicarbonylacetonato rhodium(I) in hexane. We further demonstrate the versatility of the method by measuring the very fast and broad (>1500 cm-1) spectral changes following IR excitation associated with the 7-azaindole–acetic acid heterodimer in carbon tetrachloride.
A dog model to investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and blood pressure regulation.

SUMMARY Patients exhibiting obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) do not display a normal circadian pattern of blood pressure. It is not clear whether this disruption of the circadian blood pressure pattern is a result of the intermittent airway obstruction during sleep or is the result of confounding factors, such as obesity and age, which are common in OSA and may independently affect blood pressure. To determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between repetitive airway obstruction during sleep and blood pressure regulation a chronically instrumented canine model of OSA has been developed. This canine model has been shown to reproduce the characteristic apnoea and hypersomnolence of human OSA. Furthermore, in this model a 12-h nocturnal period of repetitive airway obstruction during sleep caused an increase in baseline blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg that was sustained for at least two hours following the restoration of normal airway patency. These results imply that there is a cause and effect relationship between intermittent airway obstruction during sleep and elevated blood pressure.
Effective constitutive relations for large repetitive frame-like structures

Effective mechanical properties for large repetitive framelike structures are derived using combinations of strength of material and orthogonal transformation techniques. Symmetry considerations are used in order to identify independent property constants. The actual values of these constants are constructed according to a building block format which is carried out in the three consecutive steps: (1) all basic planar lattices are identified; (2) effective continuum properties are derived for each of these planar basic grids using matrix structural analysis methods; and (3) orthogonal transformations are used to determine the contribution of each basic set to the overall effective continuum properties of the structure.
Improved ac plasma displays: achievement of large-area, multicolour and high-altitude panels

Abstract Development of the first high-altitude ac plasma displays is reported. These displays are fully operational to 45 km. Also described is the development of a multicolour photoluminescent ac plasma display. The luminance of the colour display is comparable to that of a neon-orange panel and the inherent memory of the standard ac drive has been retained. Finally, development of a 1.5 m diagonal ac plasma display is reported. This device constituted the world's largest fully-populated dot-matrix flat-panel display.
Iliac screw placement in neuromuscular scoliosis using anatomical landmarks and uniplanar anteroposterior fluoroscopic imaging with postoperative CT confirmation.

Object Neuromuscular scoliosis is a challenging pathology to treat. Surgical correction can involve long fusion constructs extending to the pelvis. The deformity inherent in these patients makes it difficult to obtain adequate lateral intraoperative radiographs for traditional image-guided placement of iliac screws. Methods A clinical and radiographic assessment of 14 patients with neuromuscular spinal deformity was conducted. From 2007 to 2013, 12 of these patients (mean age 14.25 years, range 10–20 years) underwent long spinal instrumentation (mean 15 levels, range 10–18 levels) and fusion to the pelvis, and 2 underwent placement of a growing rod construct with iliac screw placement at a single institution. The average length of follow-up was 33.7 months (range 6–64 months). Iliac screws were placed after identifying the posterior superior iliac spine and using only anteroposterior fluoroscopy (view of the inlet of the pelvis), rather than the technique of direct palpation of the sciatic notch. The accu...
Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans by trabecular meshwork cells in vitro

We compared the incorporation of radioactive precursors into glycosaminoglycans by cynomolgus monkey trabecular meshwork cells in tissue culture and in organ culture. Hyaluronic acid and a variety of sulfated glycosaminoglycans were synthesized in both systems. In organ cultures, the ratio of chondroitin 6-to chondroitin 4-sulfate was higher than that found in tissue cultures. Also, a greater proportion of total glycosaminoglycans found in the organ culture medium was represented by hyaluronic acid. The higher production of chondroitin 6-sulfate and hyaluronic acid, as noted in some embryonic systems, suggested that cells in organ cultures may resemble an acute wound healing or an early developmental state more closely than did cells in tissue cultures.
Landscape and Soundscape: Geomantic Spatial Mapping in Korean Traditional Music

It is known that music perception maps musical parameters against a cognitive template derived from physical spatial perception such that music is experienced in terms of space. Recent research suggests that the spatial dimension of music is general, but varies according to the way different societies construct different shared cultural spaces. The culturally specific East Asian spatial template of geomancy (feng shui in Chinese, p’ungsu in Korean) can be related to the structures of several genres of Korean music, with geomantic influences exerted on the constructions of Korean performance spaces, rhythmic patterns, and pitch sets. Knowing how such practices penetrated and spatialized aspects of Buddhist, Confucian, Shaman, and even secular musical activity alike provides a powerful new interpretive tool for understanding Korea’s multifaceted soundscape.
Ceruloplasmin and the reactions forming differic transferrin

The rate of formation of diferric-transferrin has been studied using various combinations of Fe(II), Tf, Cp and h serum. When the reactants were added in a correct physiological sequence, ceruloplasmin and diluted human serum showed the fastest rate of saturation of transferrin.
Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of 16-Electron, Unsaturated Derivatives of Low-Valent, Group 6 Carbonyl Complexes Containing pi-Donor Ligands.

Several eighteen- and sixteen-electron derivatives of tungsten(0), molybdenum(0), and chromium(0) carbonyl complexes, including [PPN]2[Cr(CO)3(O,S-C6H4)] (2c), [PPN]2[W(CO)3(NH,S-C6H4)] (5c), [PPN]2[W(CO)3(O,S-C6H4)] (6c), [PPN]2[W(CO)4(S,S-C6H4)] (7b) have been synthesized from the reaction of photochemically generated M(CO)5THF with a series of doubly deprotonated 1,2-disubstituted benzene rings with the appropriate oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur donor atoms. These complexes have been characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography and in solution by IR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The crystal of 2c (C84H71N3O5P4SCr) is triclinic P1, a =13.869(3) A, b = 23.128(5) A, c = 12.056(2) A, α = 104.84(3)°, β = 106.91(3)°, γ = 95.29(3)°, Z = 2; that of 5c (C89H77N7O3P4SW) is monoclinic P21, a = 11.054(2) A, b = 28.140(6) A, c = 12.566(2) A, β = 90.58(1)°, Z = 2; that of 6c (C85H70N4O4P4SW) is triclinic P1, 12.236(2) A, b = 14.419(2) A, c = 22.748(4) A, α = 76.44(1)°, β = 75.98(2)°, γ = 70.98(1)°, Z = 2;...
Rent control with rationing by search costs: A note

This note derives the long-run implications of rent controls when rent-controlled apartments are implicitly rationed to tenants who are more efficient in searching for apartments in the controlled sector. Rent controls are shown to involve transfers that essentially are from some to other tenants, as well as dead-weight losses due to higher search costs that are borne by tenants. Key to this analysis is the condition that, at the margin, rent plus the higher cost of search for a rent-controlled apartment must equal rent in the noncontrolled sector.
Airway Flow Patterns During Mechanical Ventilation of Infants: A Mathematical Model

A mathematical model of flow in a patient-ventilator system is developed. The model is solved for conditions which simulate those which occur during mechanical ventilation of the small infant with lung disease.
The effects of locus number, genetic divergence, and genotyping error on the utility of dominant markers for hybrid identification.

In surveys of hybrid zones, dominant genetic markers are often used to identify individuals of hybrid origin and assign these individuals to one of several potential hybrid classes. Quantitative analyses that address the statistical power of dominant markers in such inference are scarce. In this study, dominant genotype data were simulated to evaluate the effects of, first, the number of loci analyzed, second, the magnitude of differentiation between the markers scored in the groups that are hybridizing, and third, the level of genotyping error associated with the data when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories. The overall performance of the assignment methods was relatively modest at the lowest level of divergence examined (Fst ˜ 0.4), but improved substantially at higher levels of differentiation (Fst ˜ 0.67 or 0.8). The effect of genotyping error was dependent on the level of divergence between parental taxa, with larger divergences tempering the effects of genotyping error. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of each of the variables when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories, and can help guide decisions regarding the number of loci employed in future hybridization studies to achieve the power and level of resolution desired.
Functional Analysis of the Promoter for the HumanCYP1B1 Gene

Our laboratory has cloned the cDNA (Sutter, T. R., Tang, Y. M., Hayes, C. L., Wo, Y.-Y. P., Jabs, E. W., Li, X., Yin, H., Cody, C. W. , and Greenlee, W. F. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 13092-13099) and gene (Tang, Y. M., Wo, Y.-Y. P., Jabs, E. W., Stewart, J. C., Sutter, T. R., and Greenlee, W. F. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28324-28330) for human CYP1B1, a new member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. Here, we report on the mapping and function of the CYP1B1 promoter. The CYP1B1 promoter is fully functional, when it is uncoupled from upstream enhancer elements. Deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis identified four regulatory elements required for maximum promoter activity: two antisense Sp1 sites (-84 to -89 and -68 to -73), a TATA-like box (-34 to -29), and an initiator motif (-5 to +3). The initiator and the TATA-like elements are both required for basal promoter activity, with enhanced activity mediated by the two antisense Sp1 elements. The CYP1B1 initiator was demonstrated by in vitro transcription analysis to be a positioning element that maintained fidelity of transcription from a single site. Specific binding to a CYP1B1 initiator probe by human nuclear extract proteins was competed either by the highly homologous murine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase initiator or, to a lesser extent, by the adenovirus major late initiator. Taken together, these results indicate that the structure and function of the CYP1B1 promoter confers constitutive expression of the gene and assures fidelity of transcription initiation from a single site. The CYP1B1 promoter is distinct from the promoters of the closely related cytochrome P450s CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and is structurally and functionally similar to the promoters of constitutively expressed genes and at least two viruses.
Enhanced micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography separations on anionic polymer-coated capillary with pH-independent electroosmotic flow

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) can be used to separate a variety of anionic, neutral and cationic analytes. Extreme acidic conditions limit the use of MEKC. However, with the use of an anionic polymer-coated capillary with pH-independent flow, the MEKC separations can be achieved over an expanded pH range. An example of this enhancement will be presented using a five-phenol mixture as the sample over a pH range of 3 to 9.
Cytokine Profiles of In Vivo Activated Thyroid-Infiltrating T Cells Cloned in the Presence or Absence of Interleukin 4

We compared Th1 and Th2 cytokines secreted by randomly selected, intrathyroidal CD4+ T cell clones isolated from a patient with Graves' disease using IL-4 + IL-2 versus IL-2 alone. Prior to T cell isolation, PCR of cDNA from the intact thyroid tissue generated IL-4 and IL-10, but not IFN-γ, products. As controls, IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-10 cDNA was amplified from stimulated, but not unstimulated, PBMC. All 21 of the nine IL-2 clones and twelve IL-2 + IL-4 clones isolated from the thyroid tissue were CD4+. With the exception of one clone in the IL-2 group, all clones produced IL-10 on stimulation with anti-CD3 and phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with similar mean values for both groups. The majority of clones in both groups also produced IFN-y and IL-4 after stimulation. However, the IL-4: IFN-γ ratios were significantly higher in clones isolated using IL-2 + IL-4 than in those isolated with IL-2 alone. Furthermore, the distribution of Thl, ThO and Th2 type clones, defined by their IL-4: IFN-γ ratios, was...
Hemodynamic effects of two beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in anesthetized intact dogs

Abstract The hemodynamic effects of two beta-blocking drugs were evaluated in intact dogs anesthetized with chloralose-urethane. Nethalide (5 mg. per kilogram intravenously in 15 minutes) significantly increased cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume, and decreased end-systolic volume/end-diastolic volume ratio and systemic vascular resistance. The decrease in calculated end-systolic force per unit of end-systolic circumference suggests a negative inotropic effect. The preponderant effect of the drug was arterial dilatation, which cannot be explained by beta-adrenergic blockade. Better ventricular emptying was probably secondary to decreased afterload, since end-diastolic volume did not change. The chief site of activity of propranolol (0.5 mg. per kilogram intravenously in 5 minutes) was on the myocardium; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased without a change in end-diastolic volume, which indicates that diastolic distensibility was reduced. In addition, mean circumferential shortening velocity decreased, which suggests a negative inotropic effect; end-diastolic volume and stroke work were unchanged, and end-systolic force per unit of end-systolic circumference increased. The latter is perhaps due to an increased contribution of elasticity to end-systolic tension. We do not know whether these results are due to inhibition of beta-adrenergic activity or to direct effects on the myocardium.
Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on hypertonicity-induced changes in toad urinary bladder

Coincident with an increase in the water permeability of toad urinary bladder induced by serosal hypertonicity, a transformation of the ridge-like surface structures of the granular cells into individual microvillous structures occurs. This study was initiated to establish whether the transformation is mediated by the cytoskeletal network and, thus, can be prevented by disruption of microtubulemicrofilament function with colchicine or cytochalasin B (CB). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the characteristic branching ridges on granular cells of control bladder incubated with colchicine or CB. In contrast, transformation of ridges to discrete microvilli was observed in experimental bladders exposed to serosal hypertonicity alone or in combination with either colchicine or CB. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying hypertonicity-induced surface changes which are associated with increased water permeability does not involve either microtubules or microfilaments.
Confirmation of the EPR identification of Cr 4 + 3 d 2 in p -type Cr-doped GaAs by means of applied uniaxial stress

Uniaxial stress has been used to study the isotropic Cr-related EPR center in $p$-type GaAs: Cr. Stress linearly splits the EPR line into two components, showing that the center is due to substitutional ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{4+}$ $3{d}^{2}$ rather than interstitial ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{1+}$ $3{d}^{5}$. The stress coefficients are ${C}_{11}=\ensuremath{-}8$ and ${C}_{44}=168$ [in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/(dyn/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$)], with only relative signs known.
Role of hypothalamic dopaminergic receptors in the control of lordosis behavior in the female rat

Abstract The role of hypothalamic dopaminergic receptors in lordotic behavior was studied by infusing dopaminergic agents into either the medial preoptic area (MPOA), arcuate-ventromedial area (ARC-VM) or lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Dopaminergic receptor stimulants, dopamine (DA) and apomorphine (APO), enhanced sexual receptivity when infused into the MPOA or ARC-VM in ovariectomized (OVX) rats primed with low doses of estrone. Under these conditions of low preinfusion receptivity (mean preinfusion L M =0.159 ), haloperidol (HALO), a dopaminergic receptor blocker, had no statistically significant effect upon lordotic behavior. Infusions of DA, APO, or HALO into the LHA also had no effect upon lordotic behavior in this model. A second experiment, in which OVX rats were primed with higher doses of estrone to maintain high preinfusion receptivity (mean preinfusion L M =0.869 ), was used to evaluate the effects of dopaminergic receptor blockade upon elevated sexual behavior. Using the second protocol, dopaminergic blockers, HALO and α flupenthixol, were observed to significantly depress lordotic behavior when infused into the MPOA and ARC-VM. In this model no alterations in sexual behavior were observed following MPOA or ARC-VM infusions of APO or the inactive stereoisomer of α flupenthixol, β fluqenthixol. Thus, the hypothalamic activation of dopaminergic receptors was shown to be stimulatory upon lordotic behavior. A third experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of dopaminergic receptor blockade upon luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) enhanced lordotic behavior. In this protocol comparisons were made among the lordotic responses to MPOA and ARC-VM infusions of LRH, LRH with HALO and vehicle. Infusions of LRH into the MPOA and ARC-VM significantly enhanced lordotic behavior, whereas the addition of HALO to the LRH infusates abolished this response. It was proposed that hypothalamic dopaminergic receptor activation may contribute to the stimulatory effects of LRH upon lordotic behavior.
Vertical integration and collusive incentives: an experimental analysis

Abstract We consider vertically related industries with multiple downstream markets; firms make simultaneous output choices in a repeated game. Upstream duopolists merge with producers in one of the downstream markets that also is a duopoly. Experimental duopoly markets are constructed to assess the effects of vertical integration upon outputs and profits. We find that integration raises outputs in both downstream and upstream markets, although only the upstream effect is statistically significant. Integrated profits are lower and consumer welfare is higher. The integrated markets tend to equilibrate more quickly.
Feasibility of submandibular gland preservation in neck dissection: A prospective anatomic-pathologic study.

Background. The submandibular gland is commonly removed during neck dissection involving sublevel IB. However, removal reduces basal salivary secretion and therapeutic options for minimizing xerostomia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether all lymph nodes in sublevel IB can be extirpated without removing the submandibular gland. Methods. Twenty consecutive patients undergoing 33 neck dissections were prospectively enrolled. Sublevel IB dissection was performed by 3 sequential steps: (1) removal of targeted lymph node groups (preglandular and postglandular, prevascular and postvascular), (2) removal of submandibular gland, and (3) removal of residual lymphoadipose tissue in the surgical bed. Results. Complete removal of lymph nodes in sublevel IB was achieved before excising the submandibular gland in all of the 30 eligible neck dissections. The submandibular gland and the surgical bed contained no residual lymph nodes. Conclusion. In suitable cases, it is technically feasible to remove all lymph nodes in sublevel IB and preserve the submandibular gland. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas

Abstract Purpose: The proton beam's Bragg peak permits highly conformal radiation of skull base tumors. This study, prompted by reports of transient (30% each) and permanent (10% each) facial and trigeminal neuropathy after stereotactic radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas with marginal doses of 16–20 Gy, assessed whether proton beam radiosurgery using a marginal dose of only 12 Gy could control vestibular schwannomas while causing less neuropathy. Methods and Materials: Sixty-eight patients (mean age 67 years) were treated between 1992 and 1998. The mean tumor volume was 2.49 cm 3 . The dose to the tumor margin (70% isodose line) was 12 Gy. The prospectively specified follow-up consisted of neurologic evaluation and MRI at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Results: After a mean clinical follow-up of 44 months and imaging follow-up of 34 months in 64 patients, 35 tumors (54.7%) were smaller and 25 (39.1%) were unchanged (tumor control rate 94%; actuarial control rate 94% at 2 years and 84% at 5 years). Three tumors enlarged: one shrank after repeated radiosurgery, one remained enlarged at the time of unrelated death, and one had not been imaged for 4 years in a patient who remained asymptomatic at last follow-up. Intratumoral hemorrhage into one stable tumor required craniotomy that proved successful. Thus, 97% of tumors required no additional treatment. Three patients (4.7%) underwent shunting for hydrocephalus evident as increased ataxia. Of 6 patients with functional hearing ipsilaterally, 1 improved, 1 was unchanged, and 4 progressively lost hearing. Cranial neuropathies were infrequent: persistent facial hypesthesia (2 new, 1 exacerbated; 4.7%); intermittent facial paresthesias (5 new, 1 exacerbated; 9.4%); persistent facial weakness (2 new, 1 exacerbated; 4.7%) requiring oculoplasty; transient partial facial weakness (5 new, 1 exacerbated; 9.4%), and synkinesis (5 new, 1 exacerbated; 9.4%). Conclusion: Proton beam stereotactic radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas at the doses used in this study controls tumor growth with relatively few complications.
Roll and heave response of hull sections of variable shapes in waves

This paper addresses the hull responses near resonance in beam seas. A 2-D analysis is performed, and the hull form is free to roll and to move in the vertical direction (2-DOF). A cell center based finite volume method is applied for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical scheme is utilized for analyzing the flow field around the hull section as well as for predicting the wave and floating hull interaction. The effect of the hull corner geometry and the effectiveness of using bilge keels on roll damping are examined. The results show that the maximum roll response is reduced when the hull is free to heave and to roll as compared to the roll-only case (1-DOF). In general, the maximum hull response decreases when the shed vortices are induced by the sharp edge, and the reduction increases as the keel width increases.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Solubility of Anthracene in Binary Alcohol+Ethyl Acetate Solvent Mixtures

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in six binary mixtures containing ethyl acetate with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol at 298.15 K. Results of these measurements are used to test a mathematical representation based upon the combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister model. For the six systems studied, the model was found to provide an accurate mathematical representation of the experimental results, with an overall average absolute deviation between measured and calculated values being on the order of 0.6% or less.