cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of resonance production

Resonances are used as a sensitive tool to examine the collision dynamics in the hadronic medium through their decay and regeneration. Recent results on resonance production in A+A, d+Au, and p + p collisions at relativistic heavy ion collider energies are presented.
Effects of Exogenous Neuropeptide Y on Automaticity of Isolated Purkinje Fibers and Atrium

Neuropeptide Y exerts prejunctional effects on automaticity in cardiac pacemaker tissues and postjunctional effects on contractile activity of cardiomyocytes. It is uncertain whether neuropeptide Y has postjunctional effects on cardiac automaticity. This paper reports a study of the actions of exogenous neuropeptide Y (10−10–10−6m) on automaticity of isolated preparations of canine Purkinje fibers and guinea-pig right atrium. Neuropeptide Y had no effect on the rate of normal and abnormal (barium-induced) automaticity and did not modify the effect of norepinephrine on canine Purkinje fibers. Neuropeptide Y did not affect normal sinus rhythm in guinea-pig right atrium. The influence of neuropeptide Y (5×10−7m) on the response to field stimulation in guinea-pig right atrium was also studied: neuropeptide Y reduced the vagal component of response three-fold (P<0.05) and insignificantly diminished the sympathetic component. Neuropeptide Y fragment 18–36 suppressed the vagal effect of neuropeptide Y by approximately 50% (P<0.05). These results suggest that neuropeptide Y does not influence automaticity directly in canine Purkinje fibers and guinea-pig right atria. A prejunctional action to inhibit release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerve endings is implied by experiments on field-stimulated right atrium, but based on results with fragment 18–36, postjunctional actions may also occur here.
Transition Energies and Nuclear Levels in Sm 152 , Sm 154 , Gd 152 , and Gd 154 as Derived from the Separated Isotopes of Europium

Specimens of highly enriched ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{151}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{153}$ were irradiated in the Argonne CP-5 reactor and the product isotopes studied in both magnetic and scintillation spectrometers. ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{152}$ decays by electron emission to ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{152}$ and by $K$ capture to ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{152}$. ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{154}$ emits beta particles leading to ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{154}$ but no evidence appeared for positron emission or $K$ capture leading to ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{154}$. The many conversion-electron lines together with coincidence data allowed the evaluation of the gamma transitions and their arrangement in plausible nuclear level schemes. The beta spectra were resolved by the use of the double-focusing spectrometer. Each of the daughter nuclei is even-even in structure. A comparison is made of the observed lower energy transitions and the prediction from the "collective" model for rotational states.
Modification of syntactic style

Abstract The present experiment was conducted to determine the role of appropriate modeling cues, reinforcement variables, and strong attentional responses in altering children's syntactic style. For an extremely infrequent response such as the passive construction, neither reinforcement nor modeling alone was effective in increasing the use of passives in sentences constructed by children in response to a set of simple nouns. However, children generated significantly more passives when verbal modeling cues were combined with attentional and reinforcement variables designed to increase syntactic discriminability. On the other hand, in the case of a syntactic category as common as prepositional phrases, reinforcement combined with an active attentional set increased children's usage of prepositions, but modeling cues were not a significant contributory factor. These findings indicate that syntactic responsivity which depends upon the acquisition of general rules rather than isolated responses can be accounted for in terms of social-learning principles.
Financial Mobilization and Allocation: The South Korean Case

There are two major competing views on how financial resources may best be mobilized and allocated to accelerate economic growth of developing countries. One emphasizes the importance of competitive financial markets; the other stresses the role of the developmental state. This study examines one of the world’s fastest-growing economies during the past few decades, that of South Korea, focusing on its experience with financial resources mobilization and allocation. It finds that a state-centered approach provides a better, albeit imperfect, account of the South Korean postwar experience, in which the state has assiduously influenced the access to, and cost, of, available financial resources, going far beyond merely “getting the prices right.”
Study and development of a generic electrochemical ion-exchange process to form MxS optoelectronic materials from ZnS precursor films formed by chemical-precipitation solution deposition

We have investigated the formation of a wide variety of metal sulfide films such as SnS and CdS by an electrochemical ion-exchange process where the metal cation of the desired product film exchanges with the Zn(II) in a ZnS film deposited on non-conductive substrates by chemical-precipitation solution techniques. The process works for most metals that can be electroplated from aqueous baths (i.e. more electrochemically noble than Zn) and yields nearly-stoichiometric, polycrystalline, and often photoconductive MxS films. Key advantages of the process include the very low hazard/toxicity and cost of the chemicals used in the process and the avoidance of secondary sulfide (PbS, CdS, In2S3, Sb2S3, etc.) sludges, colloids, precipitates, etc., of toxic and/or expensive metals. In particular, its outstanding photosensitivity and low toxicity point toward the utility of SnS farmed by our method for photodetector applications.
Optimality and the Theory of Value

Abstract This paper presents two, mutually dual, optimization principles, termed the zero-maximum principle and the zero-minimum principle, respectively, that characterize economic equilibria. The first of these principles states an equivalence between equilibrium allocations and allocations that maximize total societal benefit and make that benefit zero. The second principle states an equivalence between equilibrium price vectors and price vectors that minimize the total economic surplus and make that surplus zero. The two principles provide new characterizations of equilibrium in private ownership economies and a new avenue for a proof of the fundamental existence theorem for such equilibria. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: D50
Cytogenetics of human malignant melanoma and premalignant lesions

Although much has been published on the chromosomal changes seen in the leukemias and lymphomas, until recently there have been little data available on the cytogenetics of solid tumors. Most of the information that is available has been derived from far advanced lesions, often metastases, that may have been in tissue culture for long periods of time. These lesions usually contain many chromosomal changes, making it difficult to sort out what the primary or initial change might have been. When earlier lesions are available, they usually have had very few dividing cells and must be cultured for a period of time before the mitotic index is high enough to permit chromosomal studies. It is also difficult to routinely establish these lesions in culture. Even when culturing is successful, the chromosomes obtained from these preparations are often of poor quality, making it difficult to determine the specific chromosomal changes.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Hospital Work-Site Obesity Prevention Intervention Applying the RE-AIM Framework

Step Ahead was a randomized controlled trial testing ecologically based weight gain prevention interventions in the hospital workplace. The RE-AIM framework is used to assess the intervention's Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. Some intervention components reached a large percentage of the workforce. Although the intervention was not effective in changing BMI on a population level, a dose response was observed, in which persons who used more of the intervention components and materials were more likely to prevent weight gain. Adoption of the intervention by sites invited was 100%. Implementation of healthy eating interventions in the hospital setting was especially challenging because close collaboration was necessary with hospital employees and contractors, and their mission and priorities often were at odds with the intervention goals. There are some notable instances of intervention maintenance at the institutional level: Farmers markets have been expanded at both sites since the end of the intervention period, and new wellness programs are being adopted and implemented. Implications for practice include the translation of this research into other workplace settings.
EFFECTS OF BENDING STIFFNESS IN TOW AND SALVAGE CABLES

The effects of the small amount of bending stiffness that a tow or salvage cable are known to possess are considered. The results show that there are significant differences in the states of stress of a cable without stiffness and a cable with a small amount of stiffness in the neighborhood of a concentrated loading such as that arising due to a fitting. Furthermore, the magnitude of these differences are independent of the amount of bending stiffness. It is the extent of the region of the cable over which these differences occur that diminishes as the bending stiffness decreases. From an engineering point of view, the most important difference for a cable with stiffness might be that the direction of the principal stress changes dramatically with a change in position within the neighborhood of a concentrated loading. This fact could be of considerable importance since the strength characteristics of cables are extremely direction dependent. Also, there are surfaces in the cable across which a compressive force must be transmitted for small amounts of bending stiffness. The paper discusses these facts in detail. Order of magnitude estimates of the most important effects are presented.
Electrophoretic identification of fusion proteins expressed in single recombinant λ-bacteriophage plaques

Abstract Sufficient fusion protein is present in single plaques produced by lytic, recombinant λ bacteriophage to be detected by Coomassie blue staining following electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Agar plugs containing single plaques can be loaded directly onto the stacking gel thus avoiding the need for extensive sample preparation.
Malignant glomus tumor of kidney: the first reported case and review of literature.

Summary Glomus tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms and are rarely seen in visceral organs like the kidney. Our patient presented with a metastatic, malignant, and highly aggressive glomus tumor in the kidney. In our extensive literature review, we did not come across even a single case of malignant glomus tumor arising in the kidney. We report the clinical presentation, radiologic, and pathological features of our case. Immunohistochemical findings that distinguish our case from other reported cases of glomus tumors arising from the kidney have been discussed. We have also reviewed the criteria for malignancy and other reported malignant glomus tumors.
Relationships between early gestures and later language in children with fragile X syndrome.

Purpose The authors hypothesized that significant positive relationships would exist between early gesture use and later language attainments in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), as has been ...
Regulation of activity of a transcriptional anti-terminator in E. coli by phosphorylation in vivo

Expression of the bgl operon of Escherichia coli is regulated in vitro by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a positive regulatory protein, BglG, which functions in its nonphosphorylated state as a transcriptional antiterminator. The degree of phosphorylation of BglG in vivo was shown to be dependent on the cellular levels of BglF protein, which is both the BglG kinase and phosphatase. The degree of phosphorylation of BglG also depended on the presence or absence of a beta-glucoside, the inducer of operon expression. Addition of inducer to cells in growth medium resulted in rapid dephosphorylation of phosphorylated BglG. The bgl operon is thus regulated by a sensory system that modulates gene expression by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in response to the external levels of inducer.
Towards a landmark influence framework to protect location privacy

In this paper, we present a cloaking algorithm called DirectedCloaking to protect user's location privacy. There is a location anonymizer (LA) to perform this cloaking. Once this cloaked location data is provider by LA, location based service provider (LBSP) can minimize and give relevant result-candidates for a given query. LBSP can also constrain the maximum possible candidates for a given query because of our definition of a PossibleSpace. We define, for the first time, Landmark Influence Space (LIS) and show that cloaking in LIS can give the above-mentioned performance benefit to the user.
Modeling of Laser‐Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide Rods from Tetramethylsilane

Finite-difference fluid-dynamics modeling has been used to predict deposition rates, fractional amounts of phases, and deposition morphology for the codeposition of silicon carbide and pyrolitic carbon from tetramethylsilane via laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD). Calculated results agree fairly well with rod deposition experiments. The morphologic features of rods that have been grown using LCVD are examined and explained using the results of the finite-difference calculations.
Cytokine regulation of P-glycoprotein

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a membrane bound transporter involved in the disposition of many endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. Alterations in Pgp expression and activity can significantly affect the disposition of Pgp substrates. Infection and inflammatory stimuli have also been shown to alter drug disposition. However, the specific effects of inflammation on Pgp expression and activity are not well understood. This paper evaluates and summarizes the current literature on the effects of cytokines and inflammation on mRNA and protein expression as well as functional activity of Pgp in whole animal models, primary rodent hepatocytes and human carcinoma cell lines.
The polymorphism frequency spectrum of finitely many sites under selection.

The distribution of genetic polymorphisms in a population contains information about evolutionary processes. The Poisson random field (PRF) model uses the polymorphism frequency spectrum to infer the mutation rate and the strength of directional selection. The PRF model relies on an infinite-sites approximation that is reasonable for most eukaryotic populations, but that becomes problematic when θ is large (θ ≳ 0.05). Here, we show that at large mutation rates characteristic of microbes and viruses the infinite-sites approximation of the PRF model induces systematic biases that lead it to underestimate negative selection pressures and mutation rates and erroneously infer positive selection. We introduce two new methods that extend our ability to infer selection pressures and mutation rates at large θ: a finite-site modification of the PRF model and a new technique based on diffusion theory. Our methods can be used to infer not only a “weighted average” of selection pressures acting on a gene sequence, but also the distribution of selection pressures across sites. We evaluate the accuracy of our methods, as well that of the original PRF approach, by comparison with Wright–Fisher simulations.
Students and Teachers at Work: Writing in Gifted and Talented Programs

Students and Teachers at Work: Writing in Gifted and Talented Programs addresses the need for a good, solid writing program within gifted and talented classrooms. The article discusses what schools are doing wrong and what content, process, and product modifications need to occur. Specific guidelines are given and concrete suggestions. offered emphasizing the process of writing so that students capitalize on their talents. All ideas can work in pull-out programs or within the regular classroom.
Discovery of three novel coccidian parasites infecting California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), with evidence of sexual replication and interspecies pathogenicity.

abstract: Enteric protozoal infection was identified in 5 stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Microscopically, the apical cytoplasm of distal jejunal enterocytes contained multiple stages of coccidian parasites, including schizonts with merozoites and spherical gametocytes, which were morphologically similar to coccidians. By histopathology, organisms appeared to be confined to the intestine and accompanied by only mild enteritis. Using electron microscopy, both sexual (microgametocytes, macrogamonts) and asexual (schizonts, merozoites) coccidian stages were identified in enterocytes within parasitophorous vacuoles, consistent with apicomplexan development in a definitive host. Serology was negative for tissue cyst-forming coccidians, and immunohistochemistry for Toxoplasma gondii was inconclusive and negative for Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona. Analysis of ITS-1 gene sequences amplified from frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded intestinal sections identified DNA seque...
p53 down‐regulates matrix metalloproteinase‐1 by targeting the communications between AP‐1 and the basal transcription complex

We have previously reported that human matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) is a p53 target gene subject to down-regulation (Sun et al. [1999]: J Biol Chem 274:11535–11540]. In the present study, we demonstrate that the down-regulation of the human −83MMP1 promoter fragment by p53 was abolished when the −72AP-1 site was eliminated and that a GAL4-cJun-mediated but not a GAL4-Elk1-mediated induction of pFR-luci was effectively inhibited by p53 suggesting an AP-1 dependent but AP-1 binding independent mechanism. Results from gel mobility shift assays were consistent with an AP-1 binding independent mechanism. We also demonstrate that both p300 and TATA box binding proteins cooperated with the transcription factor AP-1 to induce the promoter of MMP1; however, p53 only inhibited the p300-mediated induction of the MMP1 promoter and the inhibition was −72AP-1 dependent. Furthermore, the down-regulation of the MMP1 promoter and mRNA by p53 could be reversed by p300 and by a p53 binding p300 fragment that had no coactivator activity. Taken together, these results indicate that p53 down-regulates MMP1 mainly by disrupting the communications between the transactivator AP-1 and the basal transcriptional complex, which are partially mediated by p300. Finally, by using p53 truncated mutant constructs, we demonstrate that both the N-terminal activation domain and the C-terminal oligomerization domains of p53 were required for the down-regulation of MMP1 transcription. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preparation of a Trisamidomolybdenum(VI) Propylidyne Complex – A Highly Active Catalyst Precursor For Alkyne Metathesis

Sodium tert-butoxide 2-(Dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) Tert-Butylamine 5-Bromo-m-xylene N-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-tert-butylamine Butyllithium Lithium N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-tert-butylamide etherate Molybdenum(V) chloride Tris[N-tert-butyl)(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-amido]molybdenum(III) 1,1-Dichloropropane Trisamidomolybdenum(VI) propylidyne N-Nitrophenol 1-Phenyl-1-butyne Keywords: trisamidomolybdenum propylidyne complex; catalyst; precursor; alkyne; metathesis; high temperature; tungsten complex; magnesium; safety; waste disposal
RELATIVE EARNINGS REDUX: YOUTH MOBILITY IN THE 1980s

A complete view of inequality should encompass not only measures of distance between hierarchical ranks, but also measures of the extent of individual movement across ranks (mobility). Evidence from the NLSY indicates that relative earnings mobility was pervasive among young workers in the 1980s; possibly even higher than in the 1960s. Gender and race differences are apparent, however.
Kinetics of ozone decomposition and reaction with organics in water

The decomposition of ozone in water is found to be second order at pH 2 and 4 with the rate insensitive to pH. At pH 6 the reaction order is 3/2 to 2 and at pH 8 it is first order. Above pH 6 the rate increases rapidly with pH. Ozonation can greatly reduce the organic matter in waste water. The reaction rate of ozone with organics in flocculated secondary sewage effluent is found to depend on the rate of ozone decomposition, which is independent of the subsequent reaction with the organics.
Methylamines synthesis: A review

Monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA) are major industrial chemical intermediates. Generally, these compounds are prepared by reaction of methanol and ammonia over a dehydration catalyst such as silica alumina. While thermodynamics favors TMA formation, market demand is for DMA. This has led to the development of highly DMA selective zeolite-based catalysts. In this article, the history of, the reported routes to, the design of new catalysts for, and the mechanism of the synthesis of methylamines are discussed.
The obligatory role of the uterus for termination of prolactin surges initiated by cervical stimulation.

Artificial stimulation of the uterine cervix initiates a series of daily nocturnal (N) and diurnal (D) surges of PRL, which induces a prolonged luteal phase or pseudopregnancy (psp). In turn, the enhanced levels of progesterone maintain the daily PRL surges for a 12- to 13-day period. These studies describe the temporal requirement, ovarian interaction, and preliminary extraction of a PRL inhibitory factor(s) secreted by the uterus that terminates the PRL surges induced by cervical stimulation (CS). The interval over which the uterus is required for inhibition of PRL surges was determined in long term ovariectomized (OVX)-CS rats that were hysterectomized (hyst) on days 2, 4, 7, or 9 after CS. N surges of PRL were maintained until at least day 16 in all groups, whereas the N PRL surges were absent in sham-hyst controls. The D surge was prolonged only in the day 2 hyst group. These data suggest that the PRL release mechanism may be either constantly under inhibitory influence of the uterus or that such inh...
Monocyte activity is linked with abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter.

Abstract Background Systemic inflammation and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cause elastin degradation leading to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) expansion. Several prospective studies report that statin therapy can reduce AAA expansion through anti-inflammation. We hypothesize that monocyte activity plays a pivotal role in this AAA development and this study examines patient peripheral blood monocyte cell adhesion, transendothelial migration, and MMP concentrations between AAA and non-AAA patients. Materials and methods Peripheral blood was collected and monocytes isolated from control ( n = 15) and AAA ( n = 13) patients. Monocyte adhesion, transmigration, and permeability assays were assessed. Luminex assays determined MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) concentrations from cell culture supernatant and patient serum. Results AAA patient monocytes showed increased adhesion to the endothelium relative fluorescence units (RFU, 0.33 ± 0.17) versus controls (RFU, 0.13 ± 0.04; P = 0.005). Monocyte transmigration was also increased in AAA patients (RFU, 0.33 ± 0.11) compared with controls (RFU, 0.25 ± 0.04, P = 0.01). Greater numbers of adhesive ( R 2 = 0.66) and transmigratory ( R 2 = 0.86) monocytes were directly proportional to the AAA diameter. Significantly higher serum levels of MMP-9 (2149.14 ± 947 pg/mL) were found in AAA patients compared with controls (1189.2 ± 293; P = 0.01). TIMP-4 concentrations were significantly lower in AAA patients (826.7 ± 100 pg/mL) compared with controls (1233 ± 222 pg/mL; P = 0.02). Cell culture supernatant concentrations of MMP and TIMP from cocultures were higher than monocyte-only cultures. Conclusions Monocytes from AAA patients have greater adhesion and transmigration through the endothelium in vitro , leading to elevated MMP-9 levels and the appropriate decrease in TIMP-4 levels. The ability to modulate monocyte activity may lead to novel medical therapies to decrease AAA expansion.
Photon correlation and scattering: Introduction by the feature editors.

This feature issue brings together fourteen papers, most of which were presented at the Eighth Topical Meeting on Photon Correlation and Scattering ( Boulder, Colorado, 24–26 August 1992). Research areas represented here include dynamic light scattering; laser velocimetry; diffusing-wave spectroscopy and imaging in multiply-scattering media; fundamental analyses of measurement sensitivity and accuracy; and development of new instrumentation, procedures, and data analysis algorithms. The common theme that unites these diverse topics is the idea of exploiting the statistical properties of scattered light to probe structure or motion in complex systems.
The dynamic'expectation-conditional maximization either'algorithm

Summary. The ‘expectation–conditional maximization either’ (ECME) algorithm has proven to be an effective way of accelerating the expectation–maximization algorithm for many problems. Recognizing the limitation of using prefixed acceleration subspaces in the ECME algorithm, we propose a dynamic ECME (DECME) algorithm which allows the acceleration subspaces to be chosen dynamically. The simplest DECME implementation is what we call DECME-1, which uses the line that is determined by the two most recent estimates as the acceleration subspace. The investigation of DECME-1 leads to an efficient, simple, stable and widely applicable DECME implementation, which uses two-dimensional acceleration subspaces and is referred to as DECME-2. The fast convergence of DECME-2 is established by the theoretical result that, in a small neighbourhood of the maximum likelihood estimate, it is equivalent to a conjugate direction method. The remarkable accelerating effect of DECME-2 and its variant is also demonstrated with several numerical examples.
Bigeminal rhythms, common and uncommon mechanisms

Bigeminy is an often encountered arrhythmia in clinical practice. There are common and uncommon mechanisms for bigeminy. Typical examples are illustrated with their salient electrocardiographic and clinical features. When one encounters a bigeminal rhythm, an awareness of these numerous possibilities will facilitate arriving at the correct diagnosis, which is where quality patient care begins.
Tanner stage 4 breast development in adults: forensic implications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Forensic testimony in alleged child pornography cases commonly asserts that Tanner stage (TS) 4 breast development, characterized by secondary mounding of the areola that is obliterated in TS 5, is evidence of age <18 years. Clinical experience does not support this notion, but there are no relevant studies. We sought to estimate how frequently TS 4 might be interpreted from nonclinical images by individual forensic experts. METHOD: Published images of 547 adult women were independently examined by the authors and classified as having TS 4 or TS 5 breast development. RESULTS: There was concordance among all 4 of the examiners for 17 of the images, agreement of 3 of the examiners on another 36 images, of 2 examiners on 39 images, and 53 images were designated TS 4 by only 1 examiner, for a total of 153 (26.5%) images that could have been considered by a single forensic expert to represent TS 4. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of adults have persistent TS 4 breast development. This observation, and the frequent difficulty distinguishing TS 4 from TS 5, even by adolescent development specialists, especially in nonclinical images, renders testimony based on this distinction invalid. Without clinical relevance for distinguishing these advanced stages of breast development, they should both be considered indicative of full maturation. Testimony based on this inappropriate test of maturity should no longer be allowed. * Abbreviations: TS — : Tanner stage
Local decisions and triggering mechanisms for adaptive fault-tolerance

Dynamic fault-tolerance management (DFTM) was previously introduced as a means of providing environment-and workload-driven adaptation for failure-prone battery powered systems. This paper introduces and analyzes the role of local decision policies in a DFTM environment, and presents a precise formulation for when it is beneficial to activate a given DFTM algorithm with respect to metrics that combine performance, reliability, power consumption and battery life. In particular, local decision algorithms are described in the context of an imaging array application running on a network of resource-constrained processing elements. It is demonstrated that DFTM algorithms, in conjunction with appropriately chosen activation times, increase the mean computation before battery failure for a single battery, by a factor between 1.1 to 5.8, for the application investigated.
Optimal on-chip cache hierarchy synthesis with scaling of technology

With the ever widening disparity between processor speed and main memory speed and the increasing availability of integration and die-area, cache hierarchy design plays a central role in processor performance. Previous on-chip caches have been area limited, but with technology scaling, on-chip caches are becoming both area and latency limited. With scaling of technology and evolving of applications, the optimal configuration of future on-chip cache in microprocessors is an interesting question. To answer this question we combine analytical performance models and scalable physical models for latency and area as well as trace simulation results into a high level synthesis tool-CacheOpt. CacheOpt automates the synthesis of an optimal cache hierarchy under area, I/O, and latency constraints with respect to a given technology and application batch. We investigate three configurations of cache hierarchy-PC (primary cache on chip), PC/SC (primary cache on-chip, secondary cache off-chip), and PC/SCOC (primary and secondary cache on-chip) across a wide range of cache size, line size, and set size combinations and propose optimal cache hierarchies for technologies from 0.7 /spl mu/ to 0.1 /spl mu/.
Management of complete esophageal stricture after treatment of head and neck cancer using combined anterograde retrograde esophageal dilation.

Background Complete esophageal stricture is a difficult problem to manage. There is limited literature to support clinical decision-making. To evaluate outcomes and efficacy, we performed a retrospective medical chart review of patients who received combined anterograde retrograde esophageal dilation (CARD) between 2002 and 2009 at our institution. Methods Fifteen patients were identified who developed a stricture requiring CARD after treatment for head and neck cancers. Outcomes were pretreatment and posttreatment diet, gastrostomy tube status, and operative complications. Results Six of 15 patients were gastrostomy tube-free at last follow-up and 11 of 15 patients were taking oral nutrition. There were 4 complications. One patient died. Two gastrostomy tube site complications occurred. One patient sustained a dental injury. Conclusion CARD offers benefit to most patients. Despite risks associated with the procedure, CARD should be considered by the clinician and patient in management of complete esophageal stricture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
VASCULAR FLORA OF THE TENDERFOOT CREEK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, MONTANA

ABSTRACT Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF) is situated in the Little Belt Mountains of Montana, 120 km east of the Continental Divide. TCEF is composed of 3693 ha at elevations between 1840 and 2420 m and is dominated by lodgepole pine forest, which covers about 3366 ha, with interspersed floristically rich meadows. Our floristic inventory is based on collections and field observations made by Scott Mincemoyer during 1996–1999 and collections by Jennifer Birdsall during 2003–2005. We also include collections made by Earle Layser in 1992 and Jessica Fultz in 2002–2003. The vascular flora of TCEF consists of 312 species, representing 162 genera and 44 families. Twenty-seven exotic species occur in TCEF including Centaurea maculosa, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Cirsium arvense, and Tanacetum vulgare which are listed as noxious weeds in Montana. Phlox kelseyi var. missoulensis is found in the experimental forest and is listed as sensitive by the USDA Forest Service Northern Region.
Linking The Creative Process To Innovation Through Software-Enabled Activities

This research addresses what creativity is by presenting numerous different perspectives. It also offers a managerial vision on how to encourage creativity by using software features that currently exist in commonly used business applications that could enable more people to be creative more often. It is argued that currently there are many software features that can enable the execution of the primary tasks necessary to support and stimulate creativity and innovation. This paper presents a model that links the process for creativity to innovation, summarizes the software-enabled primary tasks, and illustrates how its structure produces innovation as the outcome. The result is a more efficient and effective link between creativity and innovation by using software as the catalyst.
A pilot study of preoperative (Pre-op), single-dose ipilimumab (Ipi) and/or cryoablation (Cryo) in women (pts) with early-stage/resectable breast cancer (ESBC).

67 Background: Intratumoral cryo combined with immune modulation generates a potent systemic anti-tumor immune response that might improve recurrence free survival in ESBC. In this study, we evaluate the safety of pre-op cryo and/or ipi (10mg/kg) in pts with ESBC. Radiographic correlates and intratumoral/serologic immune responses are also explored. Methods: Eligible pts are ≥18y of age with operable ≥1.5 cm invasive ESBC, no history of autoimmune disease and planned mastectomy. Pts are sequentially assigned to receive pre-op: cryo alone (Group-A), ipi alone (B), or ipi with cryo (C). Cryo is administered 7-10d prior to surgery. Ipi is administered 8-15d prior to surgery (1-5d prior to cryo). If at least 5/6 pts in each group proceed with surgery without delay, the regimen will be considered safe/tolerable. Toxicity evaluation continues for 12 wks after ipi administration for Groups B and C. Results: As of May 1, 2013, 7/7 pts were enrolled to Group-A (expanded after a possible technical failure in 1 pt) ...
Subdomain Integration Model of Ground-Water Flow

The subdomain numerical integration method is applied to the nonlinear one-dimensional saturated groundwater flow equation (Boussinesq equation). Because the state variable of the resulting numerical analog can be cast in terms of spatial coordinates, nonlinearity can be eliminated, greatly increasing accuracy and simplifying the numerical code. As a result, the solution can be performed on hand held programmable calculators. Good results were obtained when applying the method to confined and unconfined (nonlinear) aquifer examples.
Houston Marine Electronics: International Finance Case on FX Transaction Exposure

Houston Marine Electronics is a hypothetical United States manufacturer that needs to decide how to deal with the foreign exchange (FX) transaction exposure of a business deal in Australia in early 2013. One issue is whether the foreign currency is correctly valued, and if not, should this affect the hedging decision?
A “datathon” model to support cross-disciplinary collaboration

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the unreliability of published biomedical and clinical research. To introduce effective new scientific contributors to the culture of health care, we propose a "datathon" or "hackathon" model in which participants with disparate, but potentially synergistic and complementary, knowledge and skills effectively combine to address questions faced by clinicians. The continuous peer review intrinsically provided by follow-up datathons, which take up prior uncompleted projects, might produce more reliable research, either by providing a different perspective on the study design and methodology or by replication of prior analyses.
Doctors and nurses: a troubled partnership.

To be elected to membership in the American Surgical Association is a mark of high honor and accomplishment for North American surgeons. But what has always impressed me is the active participation of leading surgeons from countries around the world, making it much more than an American Association. It is, in fact, the leading organization of surgeons, and to be elected President is the dream of every member. Thank you for making that dream come true for me.
Epidemiological analysis of emergent public health events in schools in Hezhou from 2005-2013

Objective To analyze the distribution and risk factors of school emergent events in Hezhou so as to providescientific evidences for the control and prevention of school emergent events. Methods The epidemiological characteristics ofschool emergent events in Hezhou were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 144 cases of schoolemergent events in Hezhou in 2005-2013 were reported. The school emergent events were reported throughout all the yearsfrom 2005-2013 except February and August. And two incidence peak were from April to May and November to December.And most of events were majorly found in primary schools, high schools, and childcare institutions. Infectious diseasesaccounted for 97.22% of school emergent events, especially for respiratory infection diseases. Conclusion School emergentevents in Hezhou occurred mainly in rural primary and high schools. The major diseases were respiratory infectious diseases.The peak incidence months of respiratory infectious diseases were from April to May and November to December, intestinalinfectious disease occurred from May to July and April to June for food poisoning. Strengthening the construction of schoolhealth facilities, enhancement of the health education, and improvement of drinking water quality and food hygiene are theimportant strategies for controlling and preventing the occurrence of school emergent events.
Observations on 138 molar pregnancies.

One hundred and thirty-eight molar pregnancies seen during a 15 year period at the Los Angeles County General Hospital are reviewed. Control statistics were obtained from 500 random obstetric patients. The incidence of molar pregnancy is almost twice as high as generally reported for the United States. A disparate number of hydatidiform moles occurring in the extremes of reproductive age is again noted. The number of previous abortions, fresh matings, blood group distribution, and interval between pregnancies showed no significant difference between the study and control groups. The uterus was larger than expected for the duration of pregnancy in 34 per cent and smaller than gestational age would indicate in 20 per cent. Expulsion of these molar pregnancies tended to occur at a much later date than the usual spontaneous abortion. Sex chromatin patterns of 51 hydatidiform moles satisfactory for study were positive (female) in 90 per cent.
Variation among VA hospitals in length of stay for treatment of depression.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of interhospital variation in length of stay for patients treated for depressive disorders in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers and to identify the number of hospitals with significantly longer or shorter than average lengths of stay (outlier hospitals). METHODS The sample included 6,374 veterans discharged from acute psychiatric inpatient units at 107 medical centers in 1992 with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder or depressive disorder not otherwise specified. To identify statistical outliers, the average length of stay at each medical center was compared with the overall sample mean while controlling for differences in case mix between hospitals. RESULTS Patients' demographic characteristics, treatment history, and severity of illness all significantly predicted length of stay at the patient level. After case mix factors were controlled for statistically, approximately 29 percent of the medical centers were found to have mean lengths of stay significantly different (p < .01) from the sample mean. Specifically, 15 percent of the medical centers were short-stay outliers, and 14 percent were long-stay outliers. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that the treatment regimen for depression is relatively standardized and all VA medical centers operate under the same administrative model and reimbursement system, a high degree of interhospital variation was found in treatment duration for depression. Results led to the tentative postulation that variations in treatment duration reflect differences in physicians' practice styles. Substantial opportunities may exist for reducing expenditures for the treatment of depression within the VA health care system.
The Effects of Different Types of Housing Assistance on Earnings and Employment

This article uses administrative data on nonelderly, nondisabled households that received U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development rental assistance between 1995 and 2002 combined with data from other sources to estimate the effect of low-income housing programs on these households’ labor earnings and employment. Using longitudinal data to explain the change in these measures of market labor supply makes it possible to account for immutable, unobservable household characteristics that are determinants of market labor supply and correlated with program participa­ tion. Employing a large random sample of households throughout the country makes it possible to produce estimates of the national average effect of each type of housing assistance. Using administrative data makes it possible to identify accurately the type of housing assistance received. The results indicate that each broad type of housing assistance has substantial negative effects on labor earnings that are somewhat smaller for tenant-based housing vouchers than for either type of project-based assistance. They also suggest that participation in the little-used Family Self-Sufficiency program, an initiative within the public housing and housing voucher programs to promote self-sufficiency, significantly increases labor earnings.
Cell Trafficking Networks in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma

An extensive network of Thy-1+/Factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes (DD) (Table 1) exists within the papillary dermis in lesions of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). To further characterize these cells and to study the role that activation signals and adhesion molecules play in the cellular dynamics of CTCL, immunohistochemical staining of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections was used to study expression of high endothelial cell antigen-1 (HECA-452) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in lesions of CTCL as compared to those of psoriasis, Rhus dermatitis and normal skin. In diseased skin, 10–60% of epidermotropic lymphocytes were PCNA+, comparable to the numbers of Ki-67+ and human mucosal leukocyte antigen (HML)-1+ cells seen in previous studies. HECA-452 expression by dermal lymphocytes ranged from 1–42%. Only in lesions of CTCL were appreciable numbers of epidermal HECA-452+ lymphocytes present (mean = 31%+). PCNA+ lymphocytes were routinely seen only in CTCL and were limited to a subset of cells within the epidermis.
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Related Disorders Provide Particular Disease-Specific Challenges to Effective Bone Marrow Transplant: a Multicenter Experience.

Abstract Abstract 4561 Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) typically has a dire prognosis with limited treatment options. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 41 patients diagnosed with CMML (n= 35) or MDS/MPD overlap (n=6) who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation at three centers (University of Minnesota (n= 19), Johns Hopkins University (n=11), and the Cleveland Clinic (n=11)) between1990-2009. The majority of patients were male (59%) with a mean age of 51. At diagnosis nearly half of the patients had normal cytogenetics (n=20, 49%) with abnormalities of chromosome 7 the most commonly identified clonal finding (n=5, 12%). The majority had Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Transmission Line (TL) Effects

Transmission line (TL) effects are one of the most common causes of noise problems in high-speed DSP systems. When do traces become TLs and how do TLs affect the system performance? A rule-of-thumb is that traces become TLs when the signals on those traces have a rise-time (Tr) less than twice the propagation delay (Tp). For example, if a delay from the source to the load is 2nS, then any of the signals with a rise-time less than 4nS becomes a TL. In this case, termination is required to guarantee minimum overshoots and undershoots caused by reflections. Excessive TL reflections can cause electromagnetic interference and random logic or DSP false-triggering. As a result of these effects, the design may fail to get the FCC certification or to fully function under all operating conditions such as at high temperatures or over-voltage conditions.
Evasion with terminal constraints from a group of pursuers using a matrix game formulation

We consider a class of planar pursuit-evasion games with multiple pursuers and a single evader. The evader must reach a target set while avoiding the pursuers which relay the pursuit among themselves. We model this multi-player dynamic game as a two-player multi-stage game. In particular, all the pursuers are modeled as one entity, which we refer to as the super-pursuer, which can deploy only one pursuer of choice at each instant of time. We discretize the decision space of the players and formulate a zero-sum matrix game between the super-pursuer and the evader. In the construction of the matrix game, we explore a myopic solution approach to the game against one that is more far-sighted. In particular, the stage payoffs are constructed in two different ways, namely, with a planning horizon of one stage, and with a planning horizon which is taken to be the remaining stages of the game. We compare the performance of the evasion policies that are obtained in these two cases, against pursuers who engage in relay pursuit. Finally, we compare the pursuit policies obtained from the multi-stage matrix games using extensive numerical simulations.