cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic/racial disparities in adolescents' home food environments and linkages to dietary intake and weight status

Research is needed to confirm that public health recommendations for home/family food environments are equally relevant for diverse populations. This study examined ethnic/racial differences in the home/family environments of adolescents and associations with dietary intake and weight status. The sample included 2374 ethnically/racially diverse adolescents and their parents enrolled in coordinated studies, EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) and Project F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity in Teens), in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. Adolescents and parents completed surveys and adolescents completed anthropometric measurements in 2009-2010. Nearly all home/family environment variables (n=7 of 8 examined) were found to vary significantly across the ethnic/racial groups. Several of the home/family food environment variables were significantly associated with one or more adolescent outcome in expected directions. For example, parental modeling of healthy food choices was inversely associated with BMI z-score (p=0.03) and positively associated with fruit/vegetable consumption (p<0.001). Most observed associations were applicable across ethnic/racial groups; however; eight relationships were found to differ by ethnicity/race. For example, parental encouragement for healthy eating was associated with lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages only among youth representing the White, African American, Asian, and mixed/other ethnic/racial groups and was unrelated to intake among East African, Hispanic, and Native American youth. Food and nutrition professionals along with other providers of health programs and services for adolescents should encourage ethnically/racially diverse parents to follow existing recommendations to promote healthy eating such as modeling nutrient-dense food choices, but also recognize the need for cultural sensitivity in providing such guidance.
Strain typing of Lentinula edodes by random amplified polymorphic DNA assay

Single 10-base primers were used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in the shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes. Seven primers produced polymorphisms in all 15 strains tested, producing 12–19 bands ranging from 0.34 to 2.52 kb. Thirteen of the 15 strains had unique DNA fingerprints, whereas L. edodes ATCC 28759 and ATCC 28760 exhibited identical RAPD profiles for all the primers. Molecular-genetic markers obtained with the RAPD assay can be used to differentiate strains of L. edodes and have potential applications in mushroom breeding and strain improvement programs.
Structural biology, ligand binding, metabomics: the changing face of high-field, high-resolution NMR spectroscopy

NMR spectroscopy has become an indispensable tool for chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry, and many other disciplines over the last half of century. For the last two decades or so technical developments and investments in high-field, high-resolution NMR were driven dominantly by needs of structural biology. Recently, however, ligand binding and screening, and all kinds of metabolic studies by NMR have joined as major disciplines, and may play increasing role in future developments.
Perceptions vs. use: Comparing faculty evaluations of journal titles with faculty and student usage

Abstract After Western Illinois University (WIU) teaching faculty ranked the library's journal subscriptions by importance, the authors compared these rankings to various measures of journal use by WIU faculty and students. Results indicate the success of WIU's practice of librarians and faculty sharing journal deselection responsibility.
Numerical simulation of the dynamical response of the Arctic Vortex to Aerosol‐associated chemical perturbations in the lower stratosphere

A general circulation model has been coupled interactively to a stratospheric photochemistry model to study the dynamical response of the Arctic polar vortex to ozone depletion catalyzed by volcanic aerosols. It is found that temperatures may be depressed by as much as 3–7 K in late March in the lower stratosphere at northern mid- and high-latitudes owing to ozone-radiation-dynamics feedback effects. A corresponding delay in the breakdown of the stratospheric vortex (that is, the final warming) is predicted. Further, a dipole-like anomaly in the zonal-mean zonal wind, extending downward from the stratosphere into the troposphere, is found. In the model, the reduced solar heating in late winter and early spring associated with aerosol ozone depletion acts as a trigger for the net cooling that is observed. However, a major part of the cooling is related to anomalies induced in the circulation of the lower stratosphere. Our simulations demonstrate the close coupling between the dynamics and chemistry of the lower stratosphere, and the complexity in analyzing cause and effect related to perturbations in this region.
Isolation of two peptides from acid hydrolyzates of elastin

Abstract Two peptides valyl-valine and leucyl-valine were isolated from 18 hour HCL hydrolyzates of bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin by a combination of gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-2 and partition chromatography on Sephadex G-25. The amounts of both peptides recovered from elastin were approximately 0.5%. The extreme resistance of these peptides to acid hydrolysis may be attributed to steric effects produced by their valine residue(s). These effects may play a role in producing the observed property of elasticity of this protein by interfering with the usual hydrogen bonding in the peptide α-helices. Such a condition may lead to a reduced rigidity, or greater extensibility of the peptide chains.
Reducing Mass-Transport Limitations by Application of Special Pulsed Current Modes

Current pulsing, unlike potential pulsing, is generally considered ineffective in enhancing mass transport. However, we show here, that by properly selecting the pulsed current parameters, the depletion of the reactant at the electrode during cathodic reduction, or its excess during anodic dissolution, can be reduced compared to the corresponding dc current application, while still passing the same amount of charge in an identical amount of time. The advantageous pulsed current modes include a sequence of decreasing current density amplitudes, or pulsing the current at the same amplitude, but with increasing relaxation intervals. By comparison, it is also shown that applying a sequence of constant-amplitude square current pulses at constant time intervals leads to an identical concentration profile as in dc. The application to the battery-charging process is briefly discussed.
Pond Scum Genomics: The Genomes of Chlamydomonas and Ostreococcus

New insights into algal biology have recently emerged from the sequencing of the genomes of three unicellular green algae. Although green algae and plants share many of the same core metabolic pathways, analysis of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome suggests retention of many genes from its
Stealthy poisoning attacks on PCA-based anomaly detectors

We consider systems that use PCA-based detectors obtained from a comprehensive view of the network's traffic to identify anomalies in backbone networks. To assess these detectors' susceptibility to adversaries wishing to evade detection, we present and evaluate short-term and long-term data poisoning schemes that trade-off between poisoning duration and the volume of traffic injected for poisoning. Stealthy Boiling Frog attacks significantly reduce chaff volume,while only moderately increasing poisoning duration. ROC curves provide a comprehensive analysis of PCA-based detection on contaminated data, and show that even small attacks can undermine this otherwise successful anomaly detector.
Developing a cyber-physical fluid dynamics facility for fluid–structure interaction studies

Abstract In fluid–structure interaction studies, such as vortex-induced vibration, one needs to select essential parameters for the system, such as mass, spring stiffness, and damping. Normally, these parameters are set physically by the mechanical arrangement. However, our approach utilizes a combination of a physical system, comprises a fluid and a mechanical actuator, and a cyber system, taking the form of a computer-based force-feedback controller. This arrangement allows us to impose mass–spring–damping parameters in virtual space and in up to six degrees of freedom. [A similar concept, in one degree of freedom, was pioneered by a group at MIT (see Hover et al., 1998 ), in studies of vortex-induced vibration of cables.] Although the use of a cyber-physical system has clear advantages over using a purely physical experiment, there are serious challenges to overcome in the design of the governing control system. Our controller, based on a discretization of Newton's laws, makes it straightforward to add and modify any kind of nonlinear, time-varying, or directional force: it is virtually specified but imposed on a physical object. We implement this idea in both a first-generation and a second-generation facility. In this paper, we present preliminary applications of this approach in flow–structure interactions.
Separation/Attachment Theory and Career Decidedness and Commitment: Effects of Parental Divorce

Abstract This study tested separation and attachment theory in relation to the career choice commitment of college students, including those from divorced families, and the impact of family status on separation, attachment, and career variables. Partial or limited support was found for separation and attachment theory. For example, conflictual independence, attachment, and financial press related moderately to vocational exploration and commitment, but not the tendency to foreclose on a career choice. The former relations tended to be stronger for students with recently divorced parents than for students whose parents divorced earlier or for those from intact homes. Students from intact families displayed more career decidedness and financial connectedness to their parents. Students with divorced parents reported higher financial press and greater attitudinal, functional, and emotional independence from fathers.
Police-Citizen Encounters: A Field Test of Exchange Theory

A field interrogation is viewed as a two way exchange between a police officer and a citizen. Amount of cooperation given by the citizen is considered a reward to the police officer. This cooperation is hypothesized to be dependent upon the value placed on the actions of the police. As predicted, citizens are more cooperative when a reason is provided for the interrogation. This is viewed as a reduction of costs for the citizen in the encounter. In addition, the amount of citizen cooperation (reward) increases when the reason given is a police activity viewed as appropriate and valuable by members of the community. For example citizens are more cooperative in investigations of crimes against persons than victimless crimes, which coincides with the ranking of appropriate police activities by a sample of the community.
Manufacturing, service, and their integration: some history and theory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain why the historical integration of manufacturing with service was quickly seen as advantageous in some circumstances, but not so in others.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the history of manufacturing companies in the USA during the last half of the nineteenth century, categorizes them, and ties them to theory.Findings – The bundling of manufactured goods to downstream‐available services was led by companies with new products but with no great manufacturing strengths, as a way to establish barriers to entry. Companies with significant manufacturing capabilities were not as quick or as complete in their integration of manufacturing and service.Originality/value – This paper shows that servitization has antecedents that go back 150 years.
Efficiency enhancement of amorphous-silicon tandem solar cell due to multiple surface-plasmon-polariton waves

The reflectances of a thin-film solar cell were computed, using the rigorous coupled-wave approach, as functions of the angle of incidence and the free-space wavelength for illumination by linearly polarized plane waves. The metallic back-reflector was taken to be periodically corrugated and the solar cell was considered to be a tandem solar cell made of amorphous-silicon alloys. Low-reflectance bands in the reflectance spectrums were correlated with the solutions of the underlying canonical boundary-value problem to delineate the excitation of surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves. The total reflectance was lowered in the near-infrared spectral regime when multiple SPP waves of both linear polarization states were excited, thereby enhancing the absorption of light.
Using doubly labeled water to validate associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and body mass among White and African-American adults.

Using doubly labeled water to validate associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and body mass among White and African-American adults
Predictability trust for Wireless Sensor Networks to provide a defense against On/off attack

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensors collaborate to perform various tasks, such as routing. A trust-based routing scheme can be used to route around compromised nodes that attempt to upset this collaboration. However, because wireless connections can be unreliable, the routing protocols must provide a redemption scheme to allow nodes to recover trust. Otherwise, occasional bad behaviors due to unreliable communications can result in false alarms in malicious node detection. Existing redemption schemes fail to discriminate between temporary errors and an On/off attack in which the attacker cleverly behaves well and badly alternatively. In this paper, we present a new trust redemption scheme that cannot only discriminate between temporary errors and an On/off attack, but can also provide a flexible design.
Lipase Activity on Lipid/Polymer Binary Monolayers: Lateral Diffusion-Controlled Enzyme Kinetics

This is a follow-up study to our recent reports of lipase catalysis on uniphasic binary monolayers of L-α-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) and cholesterol. The earlier studies were undertaken to show that the reaction kinetics on monolayers of ester hydrolysis catalyzed by an interface active enzyme, lipase, is closely correlated to the lateral dynamics, i.e., the hydrolysis of a lipase substrate is a diffusion-controlled process, whereby the rates were quantitatively analyzed in terms of a theory of purely two-dimensional diffusion-controlled reactions. In so establishing, cholesterol was used as the second component to retard the lateral diffusion coefficient of DLPC to different extents. On the other hand, phospholipids and cholesterol are being found to form “condensed complexes” even in homogeneous monolayers, hence the finding of the diffusion-controlled processes might well be construed to be unique to the phospholipid-cholesterol system. To show that the diffusion-controlled reaction kinetics o...
A study of the ability of tissue plasminogen activator to diffuse into the subretinal space after intravitreal injection in rabbits.

Abstract PURPOSE: Intravitreal injections of tissue plasminogen activator have been used to lyse fibrin from blood in the subretinal space, despite the lack of proof that tissue plasminogen activator can diffuse across the retina. We tested whether tissue plasminogen activator injected into the vitreous could penetrate the neural retina and enter the subretinal space. METHODS: We injected a mixture of 50 μg of tissue plasminogen activator (70 kD) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and rhodamine B isothiocyanate–labeled dextran, which has a lower molecular weight (20 kD), into the midvitreous cavity of one eye in each of 18 rabbits. The eyes were enucleated after 3, 6, and 24 hours, and cryosections were examined with epifluorescent microscopy to determine the distribution of the labeled molecules. We also evaluated tissue plasminogen activator pharmacokinetics in one eye each of 18 rabbits in which a subretinal clot was induced by injecting autologous blood (50 μL) into the subretinal space through the sclera. Fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled tissue plasminogen activator was injected into the vitreous 2 days after induction of the subretinal clot. RESULTS: Fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled tissue plasminogen activator was present at the vitreal surface of the retina in a linear array in all 36 eyes studied, whereas the rhodamine B isothiocyanate–labeled dextran had diffused throughout the neural retina in the same sections. No fluorescein isothiocyanate signal was observed in the neural retina or in the subretinal clot. Vitreous hemorrhage caused by retinal perforation was observed in all eyes with intraretinal hemorrhage in which fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence was seen in the neural retina and inside the clot. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator did not diffuse through the intact neural retina to reach a subretinal clot. This study demonstrates no scientific rationale for the intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator treatment of submacular hemorrhage without vitreous hemorrhage presumably caused by an overlying retinal break.
Effects of Age and Exercise Training on Oxidation of Skeletal Muscle and Blood in Mature and Yearling Horses

Introduction The objective of this study was to determine if yearlings would have higher oxidative stress and lower antioxidant status than mature mares after a single bout of intense exercise before and after training. Methods Seven Standardbred yearling fillies (18 ± 2.4 mo) and seven mares (13 ± 2.1 yr) ran a repeated sprints exercise test before (RSET1) and after (RSET2) an 8-wk training protocol. Blood samples and middle gluteal muscle samples were taken before and after exercise, and throughout recovery. Data is presented as mean ± SE and all analyses were done in the context of a linear mixed model with random intercepts for horse. Results In RSET1, mares had higher plasma malondialdehyde than the yearlings (P<0.05), but the yearlings had higher muscle malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, erythrocyte total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (P<0.05). In RSET2, yearlings had higher plasma nitric oxide than the mares (P<0.05). In RSET2, the mares had lower plasma malondialdehyde, and higher muscle malondialdehyde, total glutathione and nitric oxide as compared to RSET1 (P<0.05). The yearlings in RSET2 had higher muscle nitric oxide and lower erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase than in RSET1 (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol, creatine kinase and muscle glutathione peroxidase had little difference with age or training. Conclusions Prior to training, the yearlings had lower lipid peroxidation and higher antioxidants than the mares. Training reduced oxidative stress and improved antioxidant status in the mares, while few effects of training were seen in the yearlings. This suggests that age is an important defense against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Ethical Animal Research Rutgers University Institutional Animal Care and Use Review Board approved the study. Sources of funding: none. Competing interests: none.
Testing the Revised Stress-Response Sequence Model in Pediatric Oncology Nurses:

In a series of five studies, the research team tested components of the stressresponse sequence (SRS) model to determine the relationships between role-related stress, coping, and work consequences in pediatric oncology nurses. The combined outcomes indicated that the model required revision to include role-related meaning; this study tested the revised model. Eightynine pediatric oncology nurses from one setting completed seven study questionnaires. The new scale, the Role-Related Meaning Scale, created for this study achieved a Cronbach’s alpha of .83 and significant positive correlations with other study variables. Descriptive findings indicate that the nurses are moderately to highly stressed; use coping strategies frequently and effectively; have high levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and group cohesion; and exhibit low intent to leave the organization. Importantly, the stress and coping components of the model did not predict role consequences. These outcomes suggest that the revised SRS model does not adequately predict role consequences in pediatric oncology nurses. A new model is proposed.
Inhibition of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer by Nitric Oxide: Pivotal Roles of Nitrosylation of NF-κB, YY1 and Snail

Treatment of cancer cell lines with high levels of nitric oxide (NO) via NO donors, such as DETANONOate, inhibits cell growth and survival pathways and sensitizes resistant tumor cells to apoptosis by chemoimmunotherapeutic drugs. In addition, we recently have reported that NO also inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in metastatic cancer cell lines via dysregulation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB/Snail/Yin Yang 1 (YY1)/Raf kinase inhibitor protein circuitry. The mechanism underlying NO-mediated dysregulation of this circuit was investigated, namely, NO-mediated inhibition of the activity of the transcription factors NF-κB, Snail, and YY1. We hypothesized that one mechanism of NO-mediated inhibition may invoke the NO-induced S-nitrosylation of these transcription factors. We demonstrate in metastatic and EMT+ human prostate carcinoma cell lines that treatment with NO results in the S-nitrosylation of NF-κB (p50), Snail, and YY1 and inhibits their activities, resulting in the reversal of the EMT phenotype into a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition phenotype. These findings suggest that NO donors may be potential therapeutic agents in both the reversal of resistance and the inhibition of EMT and metastasis.
A method for calculating bounds on the asymptotic covariance matrices of generalized method of moments estimators

Abstract For many time series estimation problems, there is an infinite-dimensional class of generalized method of moments estimators that are consistent and asymptotically normal. This paper suggests a procedure for calculating the greatest lower bound for the asymptotic covariance matrices of such estimators. The analysis focuses on estimation problems in which the data are generated by a stochastic process that is stationary and ergodic. The calculation of the bound uses martingale difference approximations as suggested by Gordon (1969) and a matrix version of Hilbert space methods.
Experimental and theoretical studies on Tl+ interactions with the cation-selective channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

This paper presents an experimental study and a theoretical interpretation of the effects of thallous ion on the electrical properties of the cation-selective channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR channel). The properties of this channel in solutions which do not contain thallous ion are consistent with the predictions of Lauger's theory for singly occupied pores (P. Lauger, 1973,Biochim. Biophys. Acta311:423–441). However, this theory does not account for SR channel properties in mixtures containing thallous ion. SR channel conductance is less than predicted in mixed salt solutions of thallium with either potassium or ammonium (J. Fox, 1983,Biochim. Biophys. Acta736:241–245), yet is greater than expected in mixtures of lithium and thallium. In a simple single-ion pore, the ratio of the products of the single-salt binding constants and maximum conductances is equal to the permeability ratio calculated from zero-current potential experiments under near equilibrium conditions. This is not found for the SR channel when thallous ion is present. SR channel properties in the presence of thallous ion can, however, be explained by a model which postulates the existence of two external modulatory sites on the channel, without implying double-occupancy in the permeation pathway. When thallous ion is bound to a modulatory site the maximum conductance of the channel to all permeating ions is altered (thallous included). Two other models (a three-barrier, two-internal-site pore which allows multiple occupancy, and a pore with fluctuating barriers) are discussed, but are found to be unable to fit our conductance data at different concentrations.
Predicting performance of power converters operating with switching frequencies in the vicinity of 100 kHz

Predicting the current, voltage and power stresses in high-power high-frequency converters using available component specifications and device models presents a formidable challenge. Switching phenomena and circuit layout influences that are negligible at lower switching frequencies become first-order concerns as power and frequency increase. These effects are examined for three different converter configurations.
Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity

Most of the old cratered highlands of Mars are dissected by branching river valleys that appear to have been cut by running water, yet liquid water is unstable everywhere on the Martian surface. In the equatorial region, where most of the valleys are observed, even ice is unstable. It has been suggested, therefore, that Mars had an early denser atmosphere with sufficient greenhouse warming to allow the existence of liquid water. Here, it is suggested instead that during periods of very high obliquities, ice could accumulate at low latitudes as a result of sustained sublimation of ice from the poles and transport of the water vapor equatorwards. At low latitudes, the water vapor would saturate the atmosphere and condense onto the surface, where it would accumulate until lower obliquities prevailed. The mechanism is efficient only at the very high obliquities that occurred before formation of Tharsis very early in the planet's history, but limited equatorial ice accumulation could also have occurred at the highest obliquities during the rest of the planet's history. Partial melting of the ice could have provided runoff to form the channels or replenish the groundwater system.
Carrying behavior induced by shuttle-box self-stimulation in rats: effects of food deprivation on object preference.

Rats bearing electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus learned to self-stimulate in a shuttle box and developed a tendency to carry (hoard) objects from the ON side of the box to the OFF side on almost every self-stimulation. They were confronted with a choice of food pellets, wood blocks, and paper strips. All five rats selected for the experiment displayed a very strong preference for paper or wood; they very rarely hoarded food. However, when they were tested after deprivation of food, they gradually increased their preference for hoarding food. This increased food preference was highly specific; it was not accompanied by an increased tendency to hoard the nonpreferred nonfood object type. When the animals were retested under satiation conditions their food preference tended to decrease toward their previous low satiation levels. These results are similar to those usually obtained in classical laboratory hoarding experiments. The results are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that similar underlying factors are responsible for both types of hoarding.
An Update on Monoclonal Gammopathy and Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy is a rare but important cause of neuropathy that can herald serious underlying disease. IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the most commonly found monoclonal gammopathy associated with neuropathy, with characteristic clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic features. The IgG and IgA monoclonal gammopathies are rarely associated with specific neuropathies. Standard immunomodulatory agents including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis have shown limited efficacy in IgM MGUS. Neuropathies associated with specific lymphoproliferative disorders may not respond to treatments aimed at that disorder. Case series had shown promising results with rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the B cell surface antigen CD20 and results in a rapid and sustained depletion of B cells; however, two recent randomized controlled trials with rituximab failed to provide evidence of efficacy in primary outcome measures, despite reduction in antibody levels. Long-term studies looking at the association between specific immunologic markers and disease recurrence are needed to ultimately develop targeted therapies.
Convex programming approach to powered descent guidance for mars landing

We present a convex programming algorithm for the numerical solution of the minimum fuel powered descent guidance problem associated with Mars pinpoint landing. Our main contribution is the formulation of the trajectory optimization problem, which has nonconvex control constraints, as a finite-dimensional convex optimization problem, specifically as a second-order cone programming problem. Second-order cone programming is a subclass of convex programming, and there are efficient second-order cone programming solvers with deterministic convergence properties. Consequently, the resulting guidance algorithm can potentially be implemented onboard a spacecraft for real-time applications.
Phonon dispersion relations for beryllium metal

Abstract Phonon dispersion curves are calculated for beryllium using the free electron approximation for the dielectric screening function. A comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental results of Schmunk et al. is presented.
A Novel src- and ras-suppressed Protein Kinase C Substrate Associated with Cytoskeletal Architecture

We previously identified a novel src- and ras-suppressed gene, 322, encoding a mitogenic regulatory function (Lin, X., Nelson, P. J., Frankfort, B., Tombler, E., Johnson, R., and Gelman, I. H. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 2754-2762). Here, we characterize the 322 gene product as an in vivo and in vitro substrate of protein kinase C (PKC). Hence, we named this product SSeCKS (pronounced essex) for Src Suppressed C Kinase Substrate. Rabbit polyclonal sera raised against glutathione S-transferase (GST)-SSeCKS recognized a myristylated 280/290-kDa doublet in Rat-6 fibroblasts. SSeCKS levels in src- and ras-transformed Rat-6 cells were 15- and 8-fold less, respectively, than those in untransformed cells. Short-term addition of phorbol ester resulted in a 5-fold increase in SSeCKS phosphorylation which was inhibited by bis-indolylmaleimide. In vitro phosphorylation of GST-SSeCKS by purified rabbit brain PKC-alpha was enhanced by phosphatidylserine and blocked by excess PKC pseudosubstrate inhibitor peptide. GST-SSeCKS bound purified PKC-alpha or PKC from Rat-6 lysates in a phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. Four SSeCKS domains containing Lys/Arg-rich motifs similar to the PKC phosphorylation site in MARCKS were phosphorylated in vitro by PKC. Immunofluorescence analysis showed SSeCKS present throughout the cytoplasm with enrichment in podosomes and at the cell edge. Short-term addition of phorbol esters caused the movement of SSeCKS from plasma membrane sites to the perinucleus coincident with a loss of actin stress fibers. These data suggest a role for SSeCKS in the control of cellular cytoskeletal architecture.
Immune response to cyclin B1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Proteins expressed by plasmids encoding human cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) were used as antigens in immunoblotting. Fifteen of 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were found to have autoantibodies reactive with cyclin B1 and with a 40-kd degradation product of cyclin B1-glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Only one serum was found to react with cyclin A and another single serum with CDK2 but no antibodies were detected to cyclin D1 and E. The basis for autoimmune responses to cyclin B1 in HCC are unknown at the present time but the possibilities might include aberrations in cyclin B1 regulation leading to altered product or its expression which resulted in stimulation of immune reactions.
Selective potentiometric titration of metal ions with triethylenetetramine

Abstract The theoretical conditions necessary for the potentiometric titration of metal ions with triethylenetetramine (“trien”) and for the selective titration of mixtures of ions with this reagent, alone or in conjunction with EDTA, are discussed. It is shown that it is possible to choose conditions suitable for selective titrations, and this is illustrated by titrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd and Hg, singly and in two-component mixtures. Alkaline earths do not interfere in the titrations.
Effective recruitment strategies for Latino and Caucasian dementia family caregivers in intervention research

Objective Latino family caregivers of older people with memory problems are a rapidly growing group. However, their participation in intervention research is disproportionately low. The authors compared the participant retention rates of three different recruitment strategies in a sample of Latino and Caucasian family caregivers. Methods A total of 310 caregivers (195 Latino and 105 Caucasian) were screened for participation in one of two clinical intervention trials. Potential participants were recruited from one of three sources: 1) non-professional (e.g., health fairs); 2) professional (e.g., community agencies); and 3) advertisements. Reasons for non-participation were also obtained. Results Caucasians were significantly more likely to be successfully retained across all recruitment strategies (52% versus 31%, respectively). However, logistic regression revealed a recruitment strategy-by-ethnicity interaction: Latinos were highly similar in retention rates to Caucasians when recruited through professional referrals, and far less likely to participate with other strategies. Descriptive analyses also revealed ethnic differences for non-participation. Conclusion Partnership of Latino family caregivers with community agencies may result in the highest recruitment rates among this group. Latino cultural values likely play a role in the success of these partnerships in participant recruitment.
Transistor-Level Test Generation for Physical Failures in CMOS Circuits

A new methodology is proposed for generating tests at the transistor level for realistic failures including bridging faults, and transistor gate-to-source short and gate-to-drain short faults in CMOS combinational circuits. A new tree model for a fault-free CMOS complex gate is used to propagate errors due to faults with much less computation time. The technique adapts the tree structure representation for MOS gates to the D-Algorithm.
TEACHING DIRECT PRACTICE TECHNIQUES FOR WORK WITH ELDERS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A SIMULATED GROUP EXPERIENCE

This paper describes a role-play exercise with MSW and BSW students enrolled in social work gerontology courses (N=26). Simulation was conceived as a method of sensitizing and preparing future practitioners for work with elders with severe forms of memory-impairment. Written and oral comments were analyzed following the group simulation. Four major themes emerged, including (a) demystifying practical knowledge and skill for direct practice with memory impaired elders; (b) respect for diversity among memory-impaired elders; (c) increased awareness of the experienced-feeling of the impaired elder; and, (d) the challenge of group work with this vulnerable population.
Pseudopotential approach to magnetic energy bandstructure and magnetic breakdown in metals

Abstract The orthogonalized plane wave method of energy bandstructure calculation is generalized to the case of a metal under the influence of an external de magnetic field, with the magnetic translational symmetry taken into account fully. The magnetic field-dependent effective lattice potential or pseudopotential derived from it is interpreted as a “magnetic” pseudopotential and shown to depend only weakly on the magnetic field strength so that, to a good approximation, it can be replaced by an ordinary pseudopotential, and treated as a perturbation in the calculation of magnetic energy bands and galvanomagnetic properties in nearly-free-electron metals. Physical properties connected with the phenomenon of magnetic breakdown, in particular the Landau level broadening, which were previously shown by Pippard, Zak and others to be proportional to an unspecified pseudopotential, are reformulated in terms of the magnetic pseudopotential. The convergence of the method is also discussed.
The surface tension of Fe-Y and Fe-C-Y alloys at 1550°C

The surface tensions of liquid Fe-Y and Fe-C-Y alloys containing 0 to 2 wt pct C and up to 0.8 wt pct Y were measured at 1550°C with a sessile drop technique. Yttrium was found to be surface active in both Fe-Y and Fe-C-Y alloys in the composition ranges studied. The addition of carbon reduces the surface tension of Fe-Y alloys.
The proapoptotic protein Bad binds the amphipathic groove of 14-3-3ζ

Through interaction with a multitude of target proteins, 14-3-3 proteins participate in the regulation of diverse cellular processes including apoptosis. These 14-3-3-interacting proteins include a proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog, Bad (Bcl-2/Bcl-XL-associated death promoter). To understand how 14-3-3 interacts with Bad and modulates its function, we have identified structural elements of 14-3-3 necessary for 14-3-3/Bad association. 14-3-3 contains a conserved amphipathic groove that is required for binding to several of its ligands. We used peptides of known binding specificity as competitors to demonstrate that Bad interacts with 14-3-3zeta via its amphipathic groove. More detailed analysis revealed that several conserved residues in the groove, including Lys-49, Val-176, and Leu-220, were critical for Bad interaction. These results were applied to investigations of the ability of 14-3-3 to prevent Bad-induced cell death. When co-expressed with Akt, wild-type 14-3-3 could reduce the ability of Bad to cause death, however 14-3-3zetaK49E, which cannot bind Bad, failed to inhibit Bad. It seems that the amphipathic groove of 14-3-3 represents a general binding site for multiple ligands, raising issues related to competition of ligands for 14-3-3.
The sea urchin egg receptor for sperm

Abstract The sea urchin egg receptor for sperm represents the first example of a gamete recognition protein residing in the egg plasma membrane, the site of the final species-specific interaction with the sperm. The identification and characterization of this unique transmembrane glycoprotein have led to new questions about the molecular basis of gamete recognition and binding as well as egg activation. This review attempts to define and discuss some of these new questions and to point out and begin to resolve several inconsistencies between the molecular and the biological aspects of fertilization.
R5Ga3 compounds of selected rare earth metals R: structures and properties

Abstract The phases La5Ga3, Gd5Ga3, Y5Ga3, Ho5Ga3 and Er5Ga3 were synthesized from the elements in Ta or by arc melting. La5Ga3 and Y5Ga3 were shown to be line phases. The structures of the first three were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction refinements to be Ba5Si3 type (P4/ncc), a deformation of the Cr5B3-type structure (I4/mcm) that decreases in magnitude in the order listed. (La5Si3 is also Ba5Si3 type). The structures of the last two listed above were presumed to be the same although the two structure types cannot be distinguished for these elements by Guinier powder diffraction. Samples of Y5Ga3, Ho5Ga3 and Er5Ga3 quenched from about 1175 °C or higher have an evidently slightly deformed Mn5Si3-type structure which transforms somewhat slowly to the low temperature Ba5Si3 form on annealing at about 800 °C. This transformation has evidently not been seen in prior thermal analysis of these as well as of the analogous Tm, Lu, Sc systems, all of which have been reported to contain only Mn5Si3-type R5Ga3. The low temperature forms of La5Ga3 and Y5Ga3 exhibit Pauli-like paramagnetism and ϱ 273 ≈ 125 μΩ cm with metal-like temperature dependences. On the contrary, Mn5Si3-type Y5Ga3 exhibits a significantly larger temperature-independent paramagnetism (about 3.5 × 10−3 e.m.u. mol−1) and ϱ 273 ≈75 μΩ cm with a temperature dependence of 0.07% K−1, so its description as a simple Zintl phase with filled gallium orbitals-valence band is not appropriate. Gd5Ga3 (Ba5Si3) and Ho5Ga3 (low and high temperature types) exhibit Curie-Weiss behavior with μeff≈8.9μB, 10.8μB and 10.7μB per lanthanide respectively and metal-like resistivities of 50–100 μΩ cm.
The Annual Reproductive Cycle of the White Bass Morone chrysops

The gametogenic cycle of the white bass Moronc chrysops was characterized for one year at monthly intervals by measuring circulating levels of the sex steroid hormones testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in males, and 17β-estradiol (E2) and T in females. Vitellogenin (VTG), the egg yolk precursor, was also measured in female blood plasma. Gonadal status of individual fish was assessed by histological evaluation, measurement of oocyte diameters, and spermintion response. At the onset of vitellogenesis (October), blood plasma levels of E2 and T were low, but increased significantly as the spawning period (March-April) approached and oocytes attnined their maximum diameter. All stages of oocyte development were observed in mature females, indicating that the white bass is a multiple-clutch, groupsynchronous spawner. Androgen levels increased in males throughout the reproductive cycle and reached maximal levels during the spawning period. The increase in androgens coincided with sperm production and spermintion in males. The circannual endocrine and gonadal development patterns observed in white bass were similar to those of other members of genus Moronc.
Investigations of the effect of curing conditions on the structure and stability of amino-functionalized organic films on silicon substrates by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and fluorescence microscopy

Abstract The effect of curing on the structure and stability of amino-functionalized organic films on silicon substrates was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ellipsometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Amino-terminated organic films were prepared on silicon wafers by self-assembling 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in toluene, cured at different conditions, and washed by sonication in water. For APTES films without curing/or cured at 25 °C, the thickness of APTES films decreased by as much as 65% after sonication in water. FTIR spectra indicate that a substantial amount of physisorbed and/or partially condensed APTES was removed and surface amino groups were oxidized to imines. For APTES films cured at 100 °C, ellipsometric measurements and FTIR spectra showed that the thickness was decreased by ∼10% and that remaining loosely bound APTES had become condensed after curing. Further sonication in water caused no significant changes in the thickness and structure. Independent fluorescence measurements support ellipsometric results and FTIR studies. Our investigations suggest that freshly prepared APTES films are mechanically unstable in aqueous solutions and that proper curing process is required to form physically stable APTES films.
An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Community Engagement

Objective. To implement a 5-week advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in community engagement and assess the impact of the APPE on students’ confidence and ability to provide community-based services. Design. Working with community partners, students provided medication reconciliation, attended interprofessional healthcare meetings, developed health-promotion activities, and conducted medication-therapy reviews. Assessment. Responses to pre- and post-APPE 10-item surveys, preceptor and practice-experience evaluations, and the documented number of pharmacy student recommendations were determined. Conclusion. This APPE provides students opportunities in nontraditional community settings to increase their confidence and enhance their skills in health-promotion activities, medication-therapy management, and interprofessional care of patients, all of which are essential to the practice of pharmacy.
Novel assessment of renal motion in children as measured via four-dimensional computed tomography.

Objectives Abdominal intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy require quantification of target and organ motion to optimize localization and treatment. Although addressed in adults, there is no available literature on this issue in pediatric patients. We assessed physiologic renal motion in pediatric patients. Methods and Materials Twenty free-breathing pediatric patients at a median age of 8 years (range, 2–18 years) with intra-abdominal tumors underwent computed tomography simulation and four-dimensional computed tomography acquisition (slice thickness, 3 mm). Kidneys and diaphragms were contoured during eight phases of respiration to estimate center-of-mass motion. We quantified center of kidney mass mobility vectors in three dimensions: anteroposterior (AP), mediolateral (ML), and superoinferior (SI). Results Kidney motion decreases linearly with decreasing age and height. The 95% confidence interval for the averaged minima and maxima of renal motion in children younger than 9 years was 5–9 mm in the ML direction, 4–11 mm in the AP direction, and 12–25 mm in the SI dimension for both kidneys. In children older than 9 years, the same confidence interval reveals a widening range of motion that was 5–16 mm in the ML direction, 6–17 mm in the AP direction, and 21–52 mm in the SI direction. Although not statistically significant, renal motion correlated with diaphragm motion in older patients. The correlation between diaphragm motion and body mass index was borderline ( r = 0.52, p = 0.0816) in younger patients. Conclusions Renal motion is age and height dependent. Measuring diaphragmatic motion alone does not reliably quantify pediatric renal motion. Renal motion in young children ranges from 5 to 25 mm in orientation-specific directions. The vectors of motion range from 5 to 52 mm in older children. These preliminary data represent novel analyses of pediatric intra-abdominal organ motion.
Synthesis of 2-aryl-4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylimidazoles.

Several 2-aryl-4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethylimidazoles have been made from the previously unknown 1-phenyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1,2-propanedione monohdyrate. One analog, 4-phenyl-2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)imidazole, is quite acidic, exhibiting pKa 8.1.
Clinical and CT findings in appendiceal diverticulitis

Appendiceal diverticulitis is a rare pathologic entity that is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds because of an indolent course and atypical presenting symptoms. However, the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) features should suggest the correct diagnosis, and an appendectomy should be performed. Despite its rarity, radiologists should be aware of this condition and the findings on CT because of the higher risk of perforation than in appendicitis and the potential association with appendiceal neoplasms.
Exploring Paradox: Toward a More Comprehensive Guide

“Paradox” appears increasingly in organization studies, often to describe conflicting demands, opposing perspectives, or seemingly illogical findings. This article helps researchers move beyond labeling—to explore paradoxes and contribute insights more in tune with organizational complexity and ambiguity. I first develop a framework that clarifies the nature of paradoxical tensions, reinforcing cycles, and their management. Using this framework, I then review studies in which paradoxes spurred by change and plurality are investigated. I conclude by outlining strategies for identifying and representing paradox, addressing implications for research.
Experimental flap delay with formic acid

Abstract Using dorsal, cranially based 10 × 3 cm composite pedicle flaps in rats, the effects of an injection of 2 ml of formic acid in different concentrations was studied. Concentrations of 0·2 per cent gave a very significant increase in flap survival over controls. Preoperative penicillin did not influence the outcome.