cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nurse Education and Survivorship: Building the Specialty Through Training and Program Development .

BACKGROUND As the number of cancer survivors in the United States continues to grow, the need to educate healthcare providers in the components of survivorship care remains a challenge in the current healthcare system. Survivors have unique concerns and follow-up requirements that are key to minimizing their risks for recurrence and supporting quality of life. . OBJECTIVES This article describes the impact of the curriculum, faculty, and teaching methods for an educational program to prepare nurses to provide cancer survivorship care. . METHODS Mixed methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. . FINDINGS Course content and faculty received high scores in the evaluations. Analysis of the most common goals implemented by participants after the course focused on providing professional education, planning the process for survivorship care, and implementing treatment summaries and survivorship care plans.
A Beamforming Approach for Multiport Antennas [Antenna Applications Corner]

This article presents an approach for the systematic construction of a unitary multibeam transformation for a general multiport antenna. The resulting beamforming transformation produces up to N beams for an antenna with N terminal pairs. The beams are formed sequentially, each with maximum realized gain for the available degrees of freedom (DFs). The construction may be used for sidelobe control by sequentially placing nulls in the pattern, with each null requiring minimal additional incident power. The procedure provides insight into the effects of null placement on array efficiency and gain pattern. The average element pattern is invariant to unitary transformations of the incident waves, and this fact is used to derive a closed-form expression for the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) function PMU(&#x003A9;) for the case of two closely separated emitters symmetrically located about the broadside direction of an array of N ideal noninteracting elements with half-wavelength spacing.
ROC Curves: Assessment of Clinical Test Accuracy

The number and complexity of measurements or indicators of the clinical performance of laboratory tests have increased considerably in recent years. So many different quantities, terms and plots have been suggested that even persons interested in and familiar with the issues find the array confusing. This need not be the case. By defining the fundamental issues and then making logical distinctions, we can identify order in this field. When I first began thinking about test performance and usefulness, I failed to appreciate a simple but important distinction which I now recognize and wish to promote. This is the distinction between accuracy and efficacy. Failure to maintain this simple distinction clouds the fundamental issues, contributes to the complex terms and quantities we are now burdened with, and obscures the source of problems with use of the test.
Computational Multinuclear NMR Characterization of Metal-Doped Amorphous Silica Catalysts

Metal-doped amorphous silica has shown strong catalytic activity in a number of industrial applications, including lignin depolymerization, ethanol dehydration, and olefin metathesis. The metal dopant is essential to the catalyst’s reactivity, and although an increased metal concentration typically results in increased reactivity, it is the structure of the metal site that determines the activity strength. However, the structure of the active site is difficult to characterize experimentally as it is influenced by the irregular, amorphous silica support. Insights from computational simulations can greatly aid the characterization of these materials, which in turn may lead to improved catalyst design. In this study, we focus on a primary technique for the experimental investigation of solid materials, i.e., solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We use density functional theory simulations to obtain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and quadrupolar coupling constants of metal-doped amor...
"We almost had the whole block's phone number on the wall": A mixed methods investigation of informal helping in a predominantly rural sample.

Community psychologists have noted the limitations of professional models of mental health treatment, demonstrating that people are more likely to use informal familial or community support during adversity. However, relatively little is known about the forms and functions of informal help seeking and provision. Semistructured interviews (N = 170), in which a sample of predominantly rural-dwelling adolescents and adults described significant life experiences, were coded for instances of receiving help. Codes thematically categorized the type of adversity, role of the helper, and nature of the help received. Most participants (67.64%) reported the presence of at least one informal helper; only 8.82% of participants discussed receiving professional help. Chi-square analyses suggested that the nature of the help received varied by the types of helper and adversity being experienced and that different helpers were more likely to aid with particular adversities. The presence of a nonfamilial, nonprofessional helper was associated with higher posttraumatic growth, generativity, and perceived social support.
High efficiency glass waveguiding solar concentrator

A new waveguiding concentrator design is presented that does not suffer from decoupling losses common to other waveguiding architectures. The geometric optical efficiency $({\eta}_{\mathrm{geo}})$ , before considering absorption and scattering, is higher than 99.9%. For a tracking (incidence) angle tolerance of ±0.8°, the efficiency only drops to 95.6%. The concentration optics are transparent, allowing collection of the diffuse sunlight with a low-cost single-junction solar cell. Glass waveguides are used so that absorption losses are minimized and the design can be scaled to large areas. We present simulation results using Zemax and TracePro to achieve high optical path efficiencies for both concentrated (direct) and diffuse light and energy harvesting efficiencies over 30% in both high and low DNI conditions using currently achievable PV cell efficiencies. We also discuss our first measurement results on fabricated glass waveguides and for a first prototype measurement with an efficiency of 90% for a single lens-to-waveguide optical path.
Thyroid Hormone Protects Primary Cortical Neurons Exposed to Hypoxia by Reducing DNA Methylation and Apoptosis

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with disruption of cerebral blood flow leading to localized brain hypoxia. Thyroid hormone (TH) treatment, administered shortly after injury, has been shown to promote neural protection in rodent TBI models. The mechanism of TH protection, however, is not established. We used mouse primary cortical neurons to investigate the effectiveness and possible pathways of T3-promoted cell survival after exposure to hypoxic injury. Cultured primary cortical neurons were exposed to hypoxia (0.2% oxygen) for 7 hours with or without T3 (5 nM). T3 treatment enhanced DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels and attenuated the hypoxia-induced increase in DNA 5-methylcytosine (5-mc). In the presence of T3, mRNA expression of Tet family genes was increased and DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 3a and Dnmt3b were downregulated, compared with conditions in the absence of T3. These T3-induced changes decreased hypoxia-induced DNA de novo methylation, which reduced hypoxia-induced neuronal damage and apoptosis. We used RNA sequencing to characterize T3-regulated genes in cortical neurons under hypoxic conditions and identified 22 genes that were upregulated and 15 genes that were downregulated. Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), a multifunctional transcription factor that plays a key role in central nervous system development, was highly upregulated by T3 treatment in hypoxic conditions. Knockdown of the KLF9 gene resulted in early apoptosis and abolished the beneficial role of T3 in neuronal survival. KLF9 mediates, in part, the neuronal protective role of T3. T3 treatment reduces hypoxic damage, although pathways that reduce DNA methylation and apoptosis remain to be elucidated.
Perioperative Use of Opioids: Current Controversies and Concerns

In the midst of an epidemic of opioid abuse and overdose-related morbidity and mortality, the use of opioids remains the most common means of providing analgesia in the perioperative period. In this article, we review the risks and benefits of opioid use in preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative phases of care. Furthermore, we describe the role that surgeons and anaesthesiologists can play in reducing perioperative opioid use and mitigate their adverse effects, from both an individual and a population health perspective.
Solar-Driven Lignin Oxidation via Hydrogen Atom Transfer with a Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Photoanode

Molecular-based dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have traditionally targeted solar-driven water splitting for the conversion of solar energy into fuels in aqueous media. This work...
Fall Subsurface Insecticide Treatments Control European Chafer Grubs Damaging Field-Grown Nursery Crops

Third instar European chafer (EC), Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), were found to be killing field-grown Rhododendrons 'P.J.M.' and Eastern hemlocks in two commercial nurseries in northeastern Ohio. Apparently, 1 or 2 grubs per plant were sufficient to severely damage young plants (rhododendrons). Subsurface applications of Dursban TNP were tested as rescue treatments against the grubs in these fields. Three novel single-point subsurface applicators were tested for delivery of Dursban in the rhododendron trial. A subsurface treatment of Dursban TNP was compared to surface applied drench treatments of Dursban TNP and Dylox 80 T & O in the hemlock trial. We found that EC grubs killed young plants of both species by removing most of the fibrous roots and/or girdling the stems. The subsurface treatments of Dursban TNP, significantly reduced (95%) the number of EC grubs compared to untreated hemlocks and rhododendrons when treatments were applied early or late fall, respectively. There were no differences in suppression of grubs among the applicators in the rhododendron trial.
Memory-Optimized Wavefront Parallelism on GPUs

Wavefront parallelism is a well-known technique for exploiting the concurrency of applications that execute nested loops with uniform data dependencies. Recent research of such applications, which range from sequence alignment tools to partial differential equation solvers, has used GPUs to benefit from the massively parallel computing resources. To achieve optimal performance, tiling has been introduced as a popular solution to achieve a balanced workload. However, the use of hyperplane tiles increases the cost of synchronization and leads to poor data locality. In this paper, we present a highly optimized implementation of the wavefront parallelism technique that harnesses the GPU architecture. A balanced workload and maximum resource utilization are achieved with an extremely low synchronization overhead. We design the kernel configuration to significantly reduce the minimum number of synchronizations required and also introduce an inter-block lock to minimize the overhead of each synchronization. In addition, shared memory is used in place of the L1 cache. The well-tailored mapping of the operations to the shared memory improves both spatial and temporal locality. We evaluate the performance of our proposed technique for four different applications: sequence alignment, edit distance, summed-area table, and 2D-SOR. The performance results demonstrate that our method achieves speedups of up to six times compared to the previous best-known hyperplane tiling-based GPU implementation.
Reliability Characterization of Logic-Compatible NAND Flash Memory based Synapses with 3-bit per Cell Weights and 1μA Current Steps

A logic-compatible embedded NAND (eNAND) flash memory based synapse with 3 bit per cell weight storage and 1μA current steps was demonstrated in a standard 65nm CMOS process. The eNAND flash based neuromorphic core consists of 16stack eNAND strings. Each flash cell is composed of 3 transistors (2 PMOS and 1 NMOS) and each string is connected to the main bitline via 2 additional NMOS access transistors. In this work, we realized 3 bit weight based on 1μA current steps using the proposed back-pattern tolerant program-verify scheme. To evaluate the reliability of eNAND Flash based synapses, we measured the temperature dependence, read disturbance, and retention characteristics from a 65nm test chip with 3 bit per cell weight storage and 1μA current steps.
California’s Vanishing Community Hospital: An Endangered Institution

Across the nation, America’s community hospitals are under siege. Once considered indispensable to our health care system, the twenty-first century finds the local hospital fighting an uphill battle against a convergence of factors that favors the sharing of resources by multiple facilities. Rising health care expenses, challenging regulatory hurdles, and a reimbursement structure in the midst of transition all bear some responsibility for the obstacles faced by today’s community hospital. Nowhere is this phenomenon more pronounced than in California, where regular hospital closings amid an ever-growing population stand as incentive for remaining hospitals to team up (or remain teamed up) under the potentially false notion that in modern American health care, there is safety in numbers.
E-cigarettes use prior to smoking combustible cigarettes among dual users: The roles of social anxiety and E-cigarette outcome expectancies

Abstract E-cigarette use is prevalent, and rates of use continue to increase. Although e-cigarettes are often used to help combustible users quit or reduce smoking, some use e-cigarettes in the absence of combustible cigarettes, increasing risk for smoking combustible cigarettes. Yet, little research has examined individual vulnerability factors implicated in transitioning from exclusive e-cigarettes use to dual use of combustible cigarettes. Social anxiety may be one such factor given it is related to a variety of negative smoking-related outcomes. Thus, the current study tested whether social anxiety was related to using e-cigarettes before smoking combustibles among 226 current undergraduate dual users (use both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes). Most dual users reported initiating with e-cigarettes (67%). Those who initiated with e-cigarettes reported statistically significantly greater negative reinforcement (d = 0.59) and weight control expectancies (d = 0.37) and greater social anxiety (d = 0.37) than those who initiated with combustibles. Social anxiety was indirectly related to e-cigarette initiation via negative and weight control expectancies. Findings add to a growing literature that dual users initiated with e-cigarettes and extend understanding of this phenomenon by identifying that socially anxious persons may be especially vulnerable to doing so, at least partially due to expectations regarding e-cigarette’s ability to manage negative affect and/or weight.
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment is Characterized by the Inability to Recover from Proactive Semantic Interference across Multiple Learning Trials

Difficulties in inhibition and self-monitoring are early features of incipient Alzheimer’s disease and may manifest as susceptibility to proactive semantic interference. However, due to limitations of traditional memory assessment paradigms, recovery from interference effects following repeated learning opportunities has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: This study employed a novel computerized list learning test consisting of repeated learning trials to assess recovery from proactive and retroactive semantic interference. DESIGN: The design was cross-sectional. Participants were recruited from the community as part of a longitudinal study on normal and abnormal aging. Participants: The sample consisted of 46 cognitively normal individuals and 30 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Participants were administered the Cognitive Stress Test and traditional neuropsychological measures. Step-wise logistic regression was applied to determine which Cognitive Stress Test measures best discriminated between diagnostic groups. This was followed by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Cued A3 recall, Cued B3 recall and Cued B2 intrusions were all independent predictors of diagnostic status. The overall predictive utility of the model yielded 75.9% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, and an overall correct classification rate of 85.1%. When these variables were jointly entered into receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under the curve was.923 (p<.001). This novel paradigm’s use of repeated learning trials offers a unique opportunity to assess recovery from proactive and retroactive semantic interference. Participants with mild cognitive impairment exhibited a continued failure to recover from proactive interference that could not be explained by mere learning deficits.
Religious Liberty and Education: A Case Study of Yeshivas vs. New York: by Jason Bedrick, Jay P. Greene, and Matthew H. Lee, Lanham, MD, Rowman and Littlefield, 2020, 159 pp., $30.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9781475854404

To read the title of this volume, you might think the subject is specifically Jewish education, and certainly that is the book’s organizing human-interest anecdote, to borrow from journalistic prac...
Diversity in Interpersonal Violence Research

This article examines the role of diversity in interpersonal violence research as it relates to race and ethnicity. The importance and need for diversity in interpersonal violence research is discussed. Three phases of the research processed are discussed: conceptualization, implementation, and interpretation. Specific strategies are discussed on how to include and bolster interpersonal violence research in partnership with diverse communities of color.
Confusion and Upredictability in Shareholder Derivative Litigation: The Delaware Courts' Response to Recent Corporate Scandals

The Delaware courts responded to the recent wave of corporate scandals, exemplified by Enron and WorldCom, by changing their approach to shareholder derivative litigation. This Article analyzes the Delaware courts’ response to these scandals and concludes that the courts have created doctrinal confusion and introduced unpredictability into derivative litigation. This Article also analyzes the future negative consequences for shareholders, corporations, directors, investors, and other litigants. Finally, this Article proposes improvements for derivative litigation that may alleviate the confusion and unpredictability created by the Delaware courts’ response to the recent scandals.
DSLR cinema : crafting the film look with large sensor video

Part I Using the Cinematographer's Toolkit to Craft Astounding Images with DSLRs Chapter 1 Composition, Blocking and Camera Movement Chapter 2 Lighting Chapter 3 Tonal Scale, Exposure, and Lenses Chapter 4 Using Picture Styles Chapter 5 Recording Quality Audio Chapter 6 Postproduction Workflow and Techniques Part II Master DSLR Shooters at Work Chapter 7 Case Study 1: Getting the Film Look in a Short Fiction: Casulo (2009), directed by Bernardo Uzeda, Brazil, 17 min. Chapter 8 Case Study 2: Getting the Film Look in Documentary Journalism: 16 Teeth: Cumbria's Last Traditional Rakemakers (2009), directed by Rii Schroer, England, 2:29 min. Chapter 9 Case Study 3: Getting the Film Look in a Short Documentary: A Day at the Races (2010), directed by Philip Bloom, United States, 6 min. Chapter 10 Case Study 4: Getting the Film Look in a Short Fiction: Chrysalis (2010), directed by Jeremy Thomas, United States, XX min. Chapter 11 Case Study 5: Getting the Film Look in a Short Fiction: The Last Three Minutes (2010), directed by Po Chan and Shane Hurlbut, ASC, United States, 3:37 min. Part III Getting the Gear and Telling Your Stories Chapter 12 DSLR Cinema Gear by Budget Chapter 13 How to Tell Better Stories with Your DSLR Afterword by Philip Bloom Appendix I Image Resolution Appendix II ISO Tests for the Canon 5D Mark II and 7D Appendix III Exposure and Dynamic Range Appendix IV Luminance and Chrominance Compression
Utilization of the Intact Male for Red Meat Production: A Review

Summary Castration has long been a traditional practice in the United States. Research studies indicate that intact males grow more rapidly, utilize feed more efficiently and produce a higher-yielding carcass with less fat and more edible product. The disadvantages of the intact male include aggressive behavior (bull and boar); undesirable odors and flavors (boar and ram); lower quality grade (bull); lower meat tenderness (bull and ram) and undesirable meat color (bull and ram). Research is needed to develop antemortem and(or) postmortem handling procedures that offset the disadvantages of the intact male so that the meat and livestock industry can take advantage of their rapid
Demographic Patterns of the Garifuna (Black Caribs) of Belize

The existence of a balanced polymorphic hemoglobin S gene maintained by the selective advantage of the heterozygote (HbAHbS) genotype within the Black Carib population is a problem that has received the previous attention of this author (Firschein, 1961). The data demonstrated that the sickle cell gene (HbS) was maintained at equilibrium values due to the greater fertility of heterozygous mothers. The advantage of the female heterozygote relative to homo- zygotes in the population was determined to be 1.45:1.
Organizing ethics and entrepreneurship

This paper sets out an organizing framework for the extensive contemporary literature on the ethics of entrepreneurship. It consists of (i) a set of bi-polar components (or false-choices) such as economic efficiency vs. social justice, (ii) a set of spanning- themes such as character, imagination and intention, and (iii) a set of topical themes such as poverty, property-rights and corruption that are variously associated with the ethics of entrepreneurship and with global capitalism in general. The framework particularly facilitates the placement of existing contributions relative to each other, thus consolidating progress in the area and potentially guiding future works.
Cervical conization for diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma in situ.

Abstract In a study of 210 specimens obtained by cervical conization, the abnormal cytology correlated closely with the cervical neoplasia in the biopsies. Complete pathologic study of all tissue removed should be carried out, so that carcinoma in situ may be graded and classified with complete evaluation of the margins of the lesion. The extended cone biopsy may be used as the definitive treatment for carcinoma in situ in selected patients. Cytologic follow-up of patients having had this procedure is an intrinsic part of the procedure.
Lady Chatterley's Root Canal

MY NAME IS MARGARET CHATTERLEY, so my friends call me Lady, of course. You'd think a person working at the most famous university in the world, even as a secretary?people are always surprised I even went to college, as if I aimed for being a secretary all along?would have found friends with a little more imagination. And this is a story about imagina tion, really?his, the old man's I mean, and my own. If I hadn't imagined all those heartaches and dreams to fill in the blank spaces in Bailey Randall's clueless blue eyes, I wouldn't have got my heart broken, again. And if that hadn't happened, who knows what the old man?Dr. Scheetz?might have sniffed out in me when I dropped like a pile of dirty laundry into his cruddy little waiting room on the morning my hallucinatory heart had been smashed to smithereens for the fifth and final time.
Can International Law Work? A Constructivist Expansion

An increasing number of scholars have begun to apply rational choice methodologies to the study of international law. Earlier rational choice scholarship voicing skepticism about international law’s true force has since been followed by sophisticated rational choice defenses of international law. This review essay focuses on Andrew Guzman’s recent book HOW INTERNATIONAL LAW WORKS: A RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY (2008), one of the best of those defenses. In that book, Guzman develops an elegant and sophisticated account of 'reputation' and the role it can play in encouraging rational compliance with international law. Based on this account, Guzman makes a powerful case that rational choice theory does support international law’s claims of legal force and can explain how international law works. This essay lays out some of the book’s key contributions to international law scholarship. But this essay also argues that in developing his account of 'reputation,' Guzman has demonstrated the inadequacy of rational choice descriptions of how international law works. This essay lays out three specific critiques of Guzman’s rational choice account: (1) that the account has trouble explaining international practice in areas like human rights, (2) that the account takes too narrow a view of the ways international law 'works,' and (3) that rational choice may be insufficient to explain the force of reputation or to create testable hypotheses of state action. This essay concludes by using Guzman’s account of reputation to suggest a more expansive account of how international law works integrating elements of rational choice, constructivist, and liberal theories.
An interactive constraint-based approach to minesweeper

We present a Java applet that uses Constraint Processing (CP) to assist a human in playing the popular game Minesweeper. Our goal is to illustrate the power of CP techniques to model and solve combinatorial problems in a context accessible to the general public. Minesweeper is a video game that has been included with Microsoft Windows since 1989. In this game, the player is presented with a grid of squares. Each of these squares may conceal a mine. When the player clicks on a square, it is revealed. If the square is a mine, the game is over. If the square is not a mine, it is replaced by a number indicating how many of the adjacent squares are mines. The goal of the game is to reveal all squares that are not mines. These simple rules yield a complex problem: Kaye proved that the minesweeper-consistency problem is NP-complete (2000). The minesweeper-consistency problem is to determine if, given a board with some known squares, there exists a layout of mines in the unknown squares that is consistent with the numbers displayed. A few programs have been written to solve Minesweeper. One notable such program was developed by Collet (2004), and uses the Oz language to model and solve Minesweeper as a set of Boolean linear constraints. In his implementation, Collet defines constraints intensionally and generates dual variables to achieve higher-level consistency1. This model artificially and unnecessarily increases the number of variables (thus increasing the cost in terms of time and space), and obscures the concept of ‘consistency level,’ which is central to Constraint Processing. Like (Collet 2004), our program assists the player in solving Minesweeper puzzles by modeling them as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). Although our model is similar to that of Collet, it was developed independently. Also, our constraints are defined in extension, and, importantly, our implementation uses textbook propagation-algorithms to determine the locations of mines, thus better serving our pedagogical goals.
A 30-Year Prospective Follow-up Study of Hyperactive Boys With Conduct Problems : Adult Criminality

Objective: To compare the official arrest records for a large number of hyperactive boys (N = 179), most with conduct problems, and 75 control boys; to examine childhood IQ, socioeconomic status, and parent reports of childhood hyperactivity and conduct problems for their contribution to criminal behavior in adulthood; and to compare adult outcome for multimodality-treated (MMT) and drug-treated-only (DTO) hyperactives. Method: We report on the official arrest history from early to mid- (18 to 38 years of age) adulthood in these 254 white subjects. Results: Ninety one percent of subjects were followed up. California official arrest records were obtained on all of these subjects. Hyperactive subjects had significantly higher arrest, conviction, and incarceration rates compared with controls. Childhood antisocial behaviors, socioeconomic status, and IQ predicted adult criminality. Multimodality-treated boys with Hyperactive/ADHD (attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder) did not fare better than DTO boys with ADHD. Conclusions: Hyperactive/ADHD boys with conduct problems are at increased risk for adult criminality. Hyperactive boys without childhood conduct problems are not at increased risk for later criminality. An intensive 3-year MMT treatment of 6- to 12-year-old hyperactive boys is insufficient to prevent later adult criminality. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2007;46(5):601Y610. Key Words: attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, hyperactive, childhood predictors, conduct problems, treatment. This prospective study of a large sample of clinically referred hyperactive white boys (most with conduct problems; n = 179) and community control white boys reports their official arrest history from adulthood to mid-life (18Y38 years). We know of only three prior reports of the full official arrest history on an entire cohort of clinically referred hyperactive children and their controls in a prospective study (Mannuzza et al.,
Inhibited upper ocean restratification in nonequilibrium swell conditions

[1] Diurnal restratification of the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) represents a competition between mixing of the OSBL and solar heating. Langmuir turbulence (LT) is a mixing process in the OSBL, driven by wind and surface waves, that transfers momentum, heat, and mass. Observations in nonequilibrium swell conditions reveal that the OSBL does not restratify despite low winds and strong solar radiation. Motivated by observations, we use large-eddy simulations of the wave-averaged Navier-Stokes equations to show that LT is capable of inhibiting diurnal restratification of the OSBL. Incoming heat is redistributed vertically by LT, forming a warmer OSBL with a nearly uniform temperature. The inhibition of restratification is not reproduced by two common Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation models, highlighting the importance of properly representing sea-state dependent LT dynamics in OSBL models.
Twenty and thirty GHz millimeter wave experiments with the ATS-6 satellite

Studies at 11 locations in the continental United States were directed at an evaluation of rain attenuation effects, scintillations, depolarization, site diversity, coherence bandwidth, and analog and digital communications techniques using the Applications Technology Satellite-6(ATS-6). In addition to direct measurements on the 20- and 30-GHz links, methods of attenuation prediction with radars, rain gages, and radiometers were developed and compared with the directly measured attenuation. Initial data results of the ATS-6 millimeter wave experiment were presented. The first section describes the experiment objectives, flight hardware, and modes of operation. The remaining six sections present papers prepared by the major participating organizations in the experiment. The papers present a comprehensive summary of the significant results of the initial 11 months of ATS-6 experiment measurements and related radiometric, radar, and radio-meteorology studies.
The Neuroprotective Role of Ferrostatin-1 Under Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Dopaminergic Neuroblastoma Cells

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins including protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) are playing crucial roles in maintaining appropriate protein folding. Under nitrosative stress, an excess of nitric oxide (NO) radical species induced the S-nitrosylation of PDI cysteines which eliminate its isomerase and oxidoreductase capabilities. In addition, the S-nitrosylation-PDI complex is the cause of aggregation especially of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein (accumulation of Lewy-body aggregates). We recently identified a potent antioxidant small molecule, Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), that was able to inhibit a non-apoptotic cell death named ferroptosis. Ferroptosis cell death involved the generation of oxidative stress particularly lipid peroxide. In this work, we reported the neuroprotective role of ferrostatin-1 under rotenone-induced oxidative stress in dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). We first synthesized the Fer-1 and confirmed that it is not toxic toward the SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations up to 12.5 μM. Second, we showed that Fer-1 compound quenched the commercially available stable radical, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in non-cellular assay at 82 %. Third, Fer-1 inhibited the ROS/RNS generated under rotenone insult in SH-SY5Y cells. Fourth, we revealed the effective role of Fer-1 in ER stress mediated activation of apoptotic pathway. Finally, we reported that Fer-1 mitigated rotenone-induced α-syn aggregation.
Islamic reform in colonial space : the jihad of Shaykh Boubacar Sawadogo and French Islamic policies in Burkina Faso, 1920-1946

This paper examines the spread of Islam in Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) during French colonialism. Focusing on the Tijaniyya Shaykh, Boubacar Sawadogo, and the strategies he pursued to avoid confrontations with the French, the paper interrogates the ways French colonialism inadvertently created a new public religious space that facilitated the unprecedented spread of Islam. Pursuing peaceful strategies of conversion and religious reform, Sawadogo converted an unprecedented number of Mossi, the colony’s largest ethnic group, to Islam and laid the foundation for the subsequent growth of Islam in that territory. The Mossi had resisted Islam for several centuries prior to French conquests and the French had reinforced this resistance as part of a broader policy of preventing the spread of Islam in the French federation. An examination of the strategies pursued by Sawadogo to implement his religious visions in spite of the restrictions on Islamic proselytism allows us to re-interrogate the nature of colonial hegemony.
Occupational asphalt is not associated with head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies that evaluate the relationship between occupational asphalt exposure and head and neck cancer have had a limited ability to control for known risk factors such as smoking, alcohol and human papillomavirus (HPV). AIMS To better elucidate this relationship by including known risk factors in a large case-control study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) from the greater Boston area. METHODS We analysed the relationship between occupational asphalt exposure and HNSCC among men in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts. Analyses were conducted using unconditional multivariable logistic regression, performed with adjustments for age, race, education, smoking, alcohol consumption and HPV serology. RESULTS There were 753 cases and 913 controls. No associations between HNSCC and occupational asphalt exposure (neither among ever-exposed nor by occupational duration) were observed for exposures in any occupation or those restricted to the construction industry. We also observed no associations in subgroup analyses of never-smokers and ever-smokers. Adjusting for known risk factors further reduced the estimated effect of asphalt exposure on HNSCC risk. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for an association between occupational asphalt exposure and HNSCC. The null findings from this well-controlled analysis could suggest that the risk estimates stemming from occupational cohort studies may be overestimated due to uncontrolled confounding and enhance the literature available for weighing cancer risk from occupational exposure to bitumen.
Shift-of-axis in Turkish Foreign Policy: Turkish National Role Conceptions Before and During AKP Rule

AbstractThis article examines Turkish national role conceptions in 1992–2012, identified based on leading Turkish foreign policy-makers’ statements. It contends that the notion that “shift of axis” arguments proliferated in the AKP (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) era is misleading. The pattern of Turkish foreign policy roles expressed by the political elite in the period under examination suggests a gradual change toward an ambitious attitude rather than a shift of axis. A plausible explanation would be that the foreign policy roles under any government heavily reflect objective national interests and capabilities, thus a shifting of axis is unlikely to occur without a significant change in these variables.
Accounting for sources of risk in international portfolio diversification

Abstract The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical method of disentangling the distinct components of the risk to a U.S. investor of his holdings of foriegn assets. The paper will identify the specific mechanism by which the insular risk of the foreign asset combines with the exchange-rate risk to determine the riskiness of the net return expressed in dollars. It is shown that the usual accounting method of estimating the net return to be expected leads to a biased estimate of that parameter. The paper suggests practical applications of the analytical results in the context of portfolio optimization.
Predictability of energy use in homes

Predictability of home energy usage forms the basis of many home energy management and demand-response systems. While existing studies focus on designing more accurate prediction algorithms, a comprehensive energy management solution requires a broad understanding of prediction accuracy at different granularities, for example appliance and home, as well as different time horizons, for example an hour, day, or week into the future. In this paper, we undertake an analysis of predictability of power draw of appliances and whole-home energy consumption at four different time horizons: an hour, a quarter-day, a day, and a week in the future. Our analysis presents two research contributions. Our first contribution is a diverse dataset, GreenHomes, that includes appliance power draw and whole-home energy consumption data from seven homes across three states in the United States over a two-year period. Our second and primary contribution is a set of insights into the predictability of home energy usage. We show that simple statistic-based algorithms perform as well as sophisticated machine learning algorithms and time-series based predictors. These simple algorithms can considerably reduce the computational need for large-scale predictive analysis of home energy data. We also show that appliance-level power draw is more predictable than whole-home energy consumption at shorter time horizons while home-level energy consumption is more predictable at longer time horizons. Finally, we show that there is large variation in predictability across homes. This variation may be attributed to home type and points to the need for personalized energy management systems.
A 21-year-old woman with menstrual irregularity.

Dr Daley: Ms K is a 21-year-old single college student who has had difficulty with her menses for a year. She moved to this country in late 1995 to attend college. She studies education and lives with a friend in Boston. She has commercial indemnity insurance. Ms K experienced menarche at the age of 12 years and had regular periods every month lasting about 4 days. Mild cramps accompanied her menses, and she had bloating and breast tenderness prior to them. She has never been on birth control pills and has never been pregnant. Before coming to Boston, she was sexually active, used condoms, and received 2 shots (she does not remember the medication) for birth control at 3-month intervals, with the most recent injection in April or May 1995. She menstruated normally in July through October, but then began bleeding continuously in November 1995. Bleeding varied from heavy to
Effects of corridor width and presence on the population dynamics of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

We tested the effects of increased landscape corridor width and corridor presence on the population dynamics and home range use of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) within a small-scale fragmented landscape. Our objective was to observe how populations behaved in patchy landscapes where the animals home range exceeded or equaled patch size. We used a small-scale replicated experiment consisting of three sets of two patches each, unconnected or interconnected by 1-m or 5-m wide-corridors, established in an old-field community (S.W. Ohio). Control (0-m) treatments supported significantly lower vole densities than either corridor treatment. Females were the dominant resident sex establishing smaller home ranges ( 450m2). Significantly more male voles dispersed between patches with corridors than between patches without corridors. However, no difference was observed regarding the number of male voles dispersing between patches connected by corridors when compared to the number dispersing across treatments. Dispersal between connected patches was restricted to corridors based on tracking tube data. Corridor presence was more important than corridor width regarding the movement of male voles within their home range.
Message routing in an injured hypercube

A connected hypercube containing faulty components (nodes or links) is called an injured hypercube. To enable non-faulty nodes to communicate with each other in an injured hypercube, the information of component failures must be made available to those non-faulty nodes for them to route messages around the faulty components.We develop a fault-tolerant routing scheme which requires each node to know only the information on the failure of its own links. Performance of this scheme is rigorously analyzed. This scheme is not only shown to be capable of routing messages successfully in injured hypercubes when the number of component failures is less than n, but also proved to be able to choose a shortest path with a very high probability.
‘O brotha where art thou?’ Examining the ideological discourses of African American male teachers working with African American male students

Since the early 1990s, several researchers have found that African American teachers who are successful with African American students hold deep philosophical commitments to the concept of ‘social justice’. While these scholars have convincingly articulated how ‘social justice’ is a central feature of African American teachers’ success with African American students, little attention has been given to whether African American teachers draw from diverse and/or competing ideological discourses to address the collective goal of achieving ‘social justice’. Employing the theoretical framework of nation language, the findings from this study illustrate how seven African American male teachers who worked with African American male students within a local educational context drew from multiple and sometimes contested conceptions of ‘social justice’. The findings from this study demonstrate that while the teachers held a ‘shared concern’ to radically alter the educational and social conditions of African American ...
Growth and body composition of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets containing various percentages of canola meal

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted in aquaria with juvenile (10 g) channel catfish to examine the effects of partially substituting canola meal for soybean meal in prepared diets. Six isonitrogenous (32% protein) and isocaloric (2.7 kcal digestible energy g−1) diets were formulated to contain 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48% canola meal (CM). There were two diets with 0% CM; one with 8% fish meal (FM) and one with 4% FM. All diets with CM had 4% FM. Fish were fed twice daily all they could consume in 20 min. After 12 weeks, fish fed a diet with 8% FM and 0% CM had significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage weight gains than fish fed all other diets. Fish fed diets containing 12 and 36% CM had significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage weight gains (average 604%) than fish fed a diet containing 48% CM. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed a diet containing 48% CM was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher (2.25) than values for fish fed 12, 24, and 36% CM. There were no histological differences in the thyroid of fish fed any of the diets. These data suggest that channel catfish can be fed diets containing up to 36% CM without adverse effects on growth or body composition. Fish fed a diet with 48% CM had a lower percentage weight gain compared with fish fed diets containing between 12 and 36% CM, possibly due to reduced palatability of the diet. Use of canola meal in practical diets for channel catfish may allow producers and feed mills to formulate more economical diets by adding another plant protein source to ingredients used in commercial catfish diets.
How the MHC selects Th1/Th2 immunity

While the effects of cytokines on T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 differentiation are well documented, it is less clear why a dichotomy of effector cytokine production would initiate from antigen-specific lymphocytes. Nevertheless, in defined experimental systems, the interaction between T-cell receptor (TCR), peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) can determine Th1/Th2 dominance. Here, Joseph Murray discusses how TCR affinity and ligand density might interface with innate forces in the selection of CD4+ T-cell functions.
Exome and genome analysis as a tool for disease identification and treatment: the 2011 Human Genome Variation Society scientific meeting.

The 2011 annual scientific meeting of the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) was held on the 11th of October, in Montreal, Canada. The theme of this meeting was “Exome and Genome Analysis as a Tool for Disease Identification and Treatment.” In the last few years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of next-generation sequencing in identifying variants associated with both single-gene disorders and complex diseases. The advent of exome sequencing with the subsequent transition to whole genome sequencing will require methods to identify candidate causal variants both in coding and regulatory regions. As this technology slowly moves into the clinical diagnostic laboratory, the need to accurately predict the functional consequences of variants becomes more critical for the both the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This year's annual meeting focused on these issues. Hum Mutat 33:586–590, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compartment Pressure Measurements Have Poor Specificity for Compartment Syndrome in the Traumatized Limb

Abstract Background Osseofascial compartment syndrome is defined by ischemic necrosis of muscle caused by elevated pressure within fascial compartments. The diagnosis can be made either clinically or through compartment pressure measurements. Compartment pressure above 30 mm Hg was traditionally used as the threshold for diagnosis of compartment syndrome, but was challenged due to a high number of false-positive results. Perfusion pressure (diastolic blood pressure − compartment pressure) Objective The objective of this article is to review the specificity of perfusion pressure for compartment syndrome in the acutely traumatized limb. Discussion Perfusion pressure has been shown to generate false-positive results in 18–84% of patients with tibial fractures. Two studies showed that not a single patient with measurements qualifying for fasciotomy actually needed the procedure. Conclusion Both absolute compartment pressure and tissue perfusion pressure generate a high rate of false-positive results in the acutely traumatized limb. An alternative diagnostic test or process is needed to prevent overtreatment. In the meantime, emergency medicine and orthopedic surgery textbooks and guidelines should promote awareness of the limitations of the test.