cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE LOWER BOUND ESTIMATES OF SECTIONS OF THE CANONICAL BUNDLES OVER A RIEMANN SURFACE

We give a lower bound estimate of the sum of the square norm of the sections of the pluricanonical bundles over a Riemann surface of genus greater than 2 and Gauss curvature -1. Such an estimate must depend on the injective radius of the Riemann surface. However, using this estimate, we give a uniform estimate of the corona problem on Riemann surface. Here "uniform" means that the estimate depends only on the genus of Rieman surface, not on the injective radius.
Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 8. Aspects of the phenomenology of the liquefaction of some coal

Abstract Steps are now being taken to define in more detail the phenomenology of coal liquefaction and to provide a scientific basis for empirical correlations previously established between liquefaction conversion and basic compositional characteristics of coals. The rates of production of oils, asphaltenes and preaphaltenes have been determined at four temperatures for three coals, two of Carboniferous and one of Creaceousage. Products are formed more slowly from the younger coal (which is of slightly lower rank) than from the others, but oxygen, partly as OH but probably mostly in a type of ether, is lost more rapidly. It is estimated that the maximum content of O as cleavable ether is 7.7 atoms/100 C atoms for the younger coal (from Wyoming) and 4.1 and 5.1 for the other two (from Oklahoma and Ohio, respectively). Until ≈ 50% of the amount present in the Oklahoma coal is lost, the rates of removal of oxygen and organic sulphur are approximately equal; beyond this level, the removal of S is more rapid. The loss of organic sulphur from the Ohio coal is slightly faster. Even so, the data do not support the idea that cleavage of thioethers is more rapid than that of ethers and that this is the basic reason why a high organic sulphur content tends to promote liquefaction. Conversion of the pyrite in the Ohio coal to pyrrhotite occurs considerably more rapidly than the pyrite in the Oklahoma coal. In preliminary experiments, it is shown that a curve-resolving programme allows two aromatic and five aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations to be distinguished in FTIR spectra of the hexane-insoluble products, and the distribution changes with degree of conversion. In particular, there is evidence that new aryl methyl are generated during liquefaction, in agreement with evidence from oxidation studies.
Impact of heterogeneity on DSM performance

This paper explores area/parallelism tradeoffs in the design of distributed shared-memory (DSM) multiprocessors built out of large single-chip computing nodes. In this context, area-efficiency arguments motivate a heterogeneous organization consisting of few nodes with large caches designed for single-thread parallelism, and a larger number of nodes with smaller caches designed for multi-thread parallelism. Quantitative performance of such organization is reported for a set of homogeneous multiprocessor programs from the SPLASH-2 benchmark suite. These programs are mapped onto the heterogeneous processors without source code modifications via static thread assignment policies. Simulation-based analysis is used to compare the performance of heterogeneous and homogeneous DSMs that occupy the same silicon area. The analysis shows that a 4-node heterogeneous DSM with 21 processors outperforms its homogeneous counterpart with 4 processors by an average age of 36% for the studied multiprocessor workload, while having the same performance for sequential codes. A sensitivity analysis based on a factorial design experiment is used to study the implications of processor, memory, and network heterogeneity on overall cost and performance of a heterogeneous DSM. The studied benchmarks are affected, on average, primarily by heterogeneity in processor performance (59.3%), followed by cache sizes (18.2%), memory latency (14.6%), and network latency (5.6%).
The qSD12 underlying gene promotes abscisic acid accumulation in early developing seeds to induce primary dormancy in rice

Seeds acquire primary dormancy during their development and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is known to play a role in inducing the dormancy. qSD12 is a major seed dormancy quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified from weedy rice. This research was conducted to identify qSD12 candidate genes, isolate the candidates from weedy rice, and determine the relation of the dormancy gene to ABA. A fine mapping experiment, followed by marker-assisted progeny testing for selected recombinants, narrowed down qSD12 to a genomic region of <75 kb, where there are nine predicted genes including a cluster of six transposon/retrotransposon protein genes and three putative (a PIL5, a hypothetic protein, and a bHLH transcription factor) genes based on the annotated Nipponbare genome sequence. The PIL5 and bHLH genes are more likely to be the QTL candidate genes. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library equivalent to 8-9 times of the haploid genome size was constructed for the weedy rice. One of the two BAC contigs developed from the library covers the PIL5 to bHLH interval. A pair of lines different only in the QTL-containing region of <200 kb was developed as isogenic lines for the qSD12 dormancy and non-dormancy alleles. The dormant line accumulated much higher ABA in 10-day developing seeds than the non-dormant line. In the QTL-containing region there is no predicted gene that has been assigned to ABA biosynthetic or metabolic pathways. Thus, it is concluded that the qSD12 underlying gene promotes ABA accumulation in early developing seeds to induce primary seed dormancy.
Barium in sea water

Abstract Vertical profiles of barium content have been determined in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by the isotope dilution method. The Atlantic shows a range from 8 to 14 and the Pacific from 8 to 31 μg/1 (surface to deep water, respectively). Although similar in magnitude to those of previous workers, these results differ significantly in detail. They confirm the hypothesis that barium is incorporated into the remains of organisms in the surface ocean and released to the deep sea as the organic debris sinks toward the bottom. The greater surface to deep concentration increase observed in the Pacific is consistent with that found for other biologically active elements (i.e., Si, C, N, P,...). The similarity of Ba and Ra profiles supports the expected chemical coherence between these elements.
Intimacy and Multiple Sclerosis

Persons with multiple sclerosis require extensive management of the physiologic and psychologic sequelae of their chronic disease process. Sexual intimacy is affected by many of these disease effects, which impacts them in diverse ways. Many persons with multiple sclerosis do not discuss sexual intimacy with their health care provider because they assume it is an expected part of the disease and nothing can help, or they are too embarrassed to admit to problems at a very young age. Since this is a disease that usually occurs between 20 and 40 years of age, sexual intimacy is affected from many perspectives. Collaboration is essential in the plan of care between the client, family, and the health care provider.
Effects of Short-Range Interactions on Electron-Charge Ordering and Lattice Distortions in the Localized State

We investigate the role of electron-lattice interactions in a very narrow half-filled band that would otherwise be described as a Mott insulator. A simple Hamiltonian is presented that incorporates the electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions in the zero-overlap limit. A canonical transformation decouples the electron and lattice systems and we assume that the effective electron-electron interaction is short ranged. It is found that, within an approximation that treats intra-atomic correlations exactly, the Mott insulator can undergo a phase transition to a quite different insulating state as the temperature is lowered. This insulating state is characterized by a charge-density wave in which alternate atomic sites are doubly occupied as opposed to the usual one-electron-per-atom configuration in the Mott state. The phase transition will be either first or second order, depending on the electronlattice coupling strength. Accompanying the charge-ordered state is a distortion of the crystal lattice that lowers its translational symmetry.
"The Power of Place" 1 : Another Look at the Environment

The profession of social work has long claimed its niche as that space where the traffic between the environment and individuals, families, and groups occurs. Person-environment is a code for this transactional space. The reign of the ecological/systems model of understanding and practice, and that staple of curriculum, human behavior and the social environment, all stake out in one way or another this conceptual and practical habitat for the profession. It is, in fact, one of the distinguishing marks of the helping that social workers do—that we always and ever must understand human problems, suffering, possibility, capacities, and need in terms of their context; we must understand how the environment promotes challenges and offers resources; and we must understand how the individual or family interacts with those factors. But there is a sense of the environment that social work has, to a significant degree, ignored—that is, the immediate, proximal, often small environment where people play out much of t...
LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED KILLER (LAK) CELLS LYSIS OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC CELLS EXPRESSING TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS(TR)

LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED KILLER (LAK) CELLS LYSIS OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC CELLS EXPRESSING TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS(TR)
Phase I trial of tremelimumab in combination with short-term androgen deprivation in patients with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer.

CTLA-4 blockade has demonstrated antitumor efficacy in human clinical trials. The antitumor mechanism is presumably mediated in part by the expansion of tumor-specific T cells. Androgen deprivation, the cornerstone of treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, has been shown to elicit prostate tissue apoptosis and lymphocytic inflammation. We hypothesized that treatment with androgen deprivation, followed by an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, could augment a tumor-specific immune response elicited by androgen deprivation. We report here the results of a phase I trial evaluating a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4, CP-675,206 (tremelimumab), in combination with androgen deprivation using an antiandrogen. Eligible patients were those with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer after primary surgery and/or radiation therapy, not previously treated with androgen deprivation, and without radiographic evidence of metastatic disease. Subjects were treated in two cycles, 3 months apart, in which they received bicalutamide 150 mg daily days 1–28 and tremelimumab on day 29. The primary endpoint of the trial was safety. Secondary endpoints included measures of PSA kinetics and identification of a maximum tolerated dose. Eleven patients were enrolled and completed at least 1 year of follow-up. Dose-limiting toxicities included grade 3 diarrhea and skin rash. No favorable changes in PSA doubling time were observed in a period shortly after completing treatment; however, three patients experienced a prolongation in PSA doubling time detectable several months after completing treatment. The identification of delayed, prolonged favorable changes in serum PSA suggests that future studies could explore this combination in studies evaluating time to disease progression.
Ecological Restoration in Context: Ethics and the Naturalization of Former Military Lands

The philosophy of ecological restoration has focused primarily on three issues: the question of what to restore, whether and why restoration “fakes” nature, and how restoration shapes human-nature relationships. Using “M2W conversion sites” – former military lands recently redesignated as U.S. national wildlife refuges – as a case study, we examine how the restoration of these lands challenges existing philosophical frameworks for restoration. We argue that a contextual, case-based analysis best reveals the key ethical and philosophical questions related to restoration at M2W sites, and that such an approach may be useful in developing more nuanced philosophical analyses of ecological restoration more generally.
Palladium-catalyzed, direct boronic acid synthesis from aryl chlorides: a simplified route to diverse boronate ester derivatives.

Although much current research focuses on developing new boron reagents and identifying robust catalytic systems for the cross-coupling of these reagents, the fundamental preparations of the nucleophilic partners (i.e., boronic acids and derivatives) has been studied to a lesser extent. Most current methods to access boronic acids are indirect and require harsh conditions or expensive reagents. A simple and efficient palladium-catalyzed, direct synthesis of arylboronic acids from the corresponding aryl chlorides using an underutilized reagent, tetrahydroxydiboron B2(OH)4, is reported. To ensure preservation of the carbon−boron bond, the boronic acids were efficiently converted to the trifluoroborate derivatives in good to excellent yields without the use of a workup or isolation. Further, the intermediate boronic acids can be easily converted to a wide range of useful boronates. Finally, a two-step, one-pot method was developed to couple two aryl chlorides efficiently in a Suzuki−Miyaura-type reaction.
A passive dual-circulator based transmit/receive switch for use with reflection resonators in pulse EPR

In order to protect the low noise amplifier (LNA) in the receive arm of a pulsed 250 MHz EPR bridge, it is necessary to install as much isolation as possible between the power exciting the spin system and the LNA when high power is present in the receive arm of the bridge, while allowing the voltage induced by the magnetization in the spin sample to be passed undistorted and undiminished to the LNA once power is reduced below the level that can cause a LNA damage. We discuss a combination of techniques to accomplish this involving the power-routing circulator in the bridge, a second circulator acting as an isolator with passive shunt PIN diodes immediately following the second circulator. The low resistance of the forward biased PIN diode passively generates an impedance mismatch at the second circulator output port during the high power excitation pulse and resonator ring down. The mismatch reflects the high power to the remaining port of the second circulator, dumping it into a system impedance matched load. Only when the power diminishes below the diode conduction threshold will the resistance of the PIN diode rise to a value much higher than the system impedance. This brings the device into conduction mode. We find that the present design passively limits the output power to 14 dBm independent of the input power. For high input power levels the isolation may exceed 60 dB. This level of isolation is sufficient to fully protect the LNA of pulse EPR bridge.
Unimolecular Rectifiers and Proposed Unimolecular Amplifier

The rectification by three molecules that form Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers between gold electrodes is reviewed, along with a proposal for the means to obtain gain in a unimolecular amplifier, the molecular analog of a bipolar junction transistor.
Differential effects of quinine and sucrose octa acetate on food intake in the rat.

Abstract Twenty-seven adult female rats were fed chow diets containing quinine sulfate, sucrose octa acetate, or alphacel. Quinine produced a greater, more prolonged depression of food intake than did SOA. Quinine also resulted in loss of body weight.
Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy: lessons learned and path forward.

Our Translational Gene Therapy Center has used small molecules for exon skipping and mutation suppression and gene transfer to replace or provide surrogate genes as tools for molecular-based approaches for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. Exon skipping is targeted at the pre-mRNA level allowing one or more exons to be omitted to restore the reading frame. In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), clinical trials have been performed with two different oligomers, a 2′O-methyl-ribo-oligonucleoside-phosphorothioate (2′OMe) and a phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO). Both have demonstrated early evidence of efficacy. A second molecular approach involves suppression of stop codons to promote readthrough of the DMD gene. We have been able to establish proof of principle for mutation suppression using the aminoglycoside, gentamicin. A safer, orally administered, alternative agent referred to as Ataluren (PTC124) has been used in clinical trials and is currently under consideration for approval by the FDA. Using a gene therapy approach, we have completed two trials and have initiated a third. For DMD, we used a mini-dystrophin transferred in adeno-associated virus (AAV). In this trial an immune response was seen directed against transgene product, a quite unexpected outcome that will help guide further studies. For limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2D (alpha-sarcoglycan deficiency), the transgene was again transferred using AAV but in this study, a muscle specific creatine kinase promoter controlled gene expression that persisted for six months. A third gene therapy trial has been initiated with transfer of the follistatin gene in AAV directly to the quadriceps muscle. Two diseases with selective quadriceps muscle weakness are undergoing gene transfer including sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Increasing the size and strength of the muscle is the goal of this study. Most importantly, no adverse events have been encountered in any of these clinical trials.
A generalization to stochastic averaging in random vibration

Abstract Stochastic averaging is applied to a class of randomly excited single degree-of-freedom oscillators possessing linear damping and non-linear stiffness terms. The assumed excitation form involves an externally applied evolutionary Gaussian stochastic process. Special emphasis is placed on casting the problem in a more formal mathematical framework than that traditionally used in engineering applications. For the case under consideration, it is shown that a critical step involves the selection of an appropriate period of oscillation over which the temporal averaging can be performed. As an example, this averaging procedure is performed on a Duffing oscillator. The validity of the derived result is partially confirmed by reducing it to a special case, for which there is a known solution, and comparing both solutions.
Pomegranate seed oil consumption during a period of high-fat feeding reduces weight gain and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in CD-1 mice

The health benefits of pomegranate consumption have recently received considerable scientific focus, with most studies examining fruit and/or juice consumption. Pomegranate seed oil (POMo) is a rich source of 9-cis, 11-trans conjugate linolenic acid (CLA), which may offset the side-effects associated with weight gain. Male, wild-type CD-1 mice were divided into one of three groups (twenty per group): high-fat (HF), HF þ seed oil (HF þ POMo) or lean control (LN). In HF and HF þ POMo, mice were provided access ad libitum to a high-fat chow (60% of energy from fat). HF þ POMo was supplemented with 61·79mg POMo/d. LN consumed a restricted low-fat (10% of energy from fat) chow to maintain body weight within 5% of initial weight. Plasma was analysed for biomarkers associated with cholesterol profile (total cholesterol, HDL and TAG), glucose sensitivity (glucose and insulin), adipose tissue accumulation (leptin and adiponectin) and systemic low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein and haptoglobin). The key findings of this study were that weight gain was associated with an increase in biomarkers of cholesterol profile, glucose sensitivity, adipose tissue accumulation and systemic low-grade inflammation (P,0·05). POMo only altered body weight accumulation, final body weight, leptin, adiponectin and insulin (P,0·05). We found that despite a similar level of energy intake, HF mice had a greater concentration of leptin and a lower concentration of adiponectin compared to HF þ POMo mice. POMo intake was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that risk of developing type 2 diabetes may have been reduced; however, CVD risk did not change.
The prevention of pain following hemorrhoidectomy

T HROUGHOUT the years rectal surgery has enjoyed an unenviable reputation for postoperative pain and discomfort. This fear has not been entirely unfounded in the minds of Iaymen and physicians. To advise a rectal operation, or even a rectal examination, a11 too frequently brings forth a gasp of horror from the patient. Nearly every individua1 with a rectal disorder seems to know some one who was operated upon and endured torturing pain. The picture is not overdrawn, but the situation is no Ionger justifiable. This is a timely probIem which presents itself to every proctologist and surgeon. The crusade for the earIy diagnosis and the earIy treatment of irritative recta1 Iesions is definiteIy obstructed by this widespread notion. InnumerabIe patients have put themselves into the hands of “pile doctors” and so-caIIed rectal sanitariums in their search for alIeviation the “easy way.” Many more delay treatment unti1 .their condition has become advanced or compIicated. To secure for the patient about to undergo a hemorrhoidectomy, not merely a modicum of postoperative comfort, but a painless or nearly painIess convalescent period, shouId be the aim of every surgeon undertaking a rectal operation. This goaI has been and can nearIy always be achieved, provided the surgeon is ever mindfu1 of the following eIementa1 rules which should govern any type of surgery: I. CIose attention to certain basic surgicaI principIes. To quote Sumner Koch+ “NihiI nocere-do no harm. What does ‘do no harm’ mean? It means, first, to avoid every form of injury, mechanical, thermal, chemica1; and secondariIy, not to add contamination to that which is aIready present. Third, to avoid so far as possible, Ieaving foreign bodies in the operative wound.” z. The appIication of that expert and particular care to which this area, as one of the most sensitive regions in the human body, is entitled. 3. The utiIization of a tried and tested routine preoperative and postoperative regime. 4. The seIection of an open, non-burning, non-traumatizing type of operation. FoIIowing these tenets, I have found that post-operative pain has become the exception rather than the ruIe. The skin at the anal ore the other is the muscle sense, which may be described as the sensation caused by the stretching action of the muscle due to something within its grip. The sensitive area is practicaIIy confined to the anal canal proper. Hemorrhoidectomy, of necessity, implies interference with this sensitive area. AImost a11 the sensations at the anal orifice have for their immediate object, some alteration in the state and degree of contraction of the sphincter muscIe, the action of which is almost entireIy reflex in character. It is, therefore, easy to understand why operations in this area are IiabIe to result in pain, since the wounds
Ketone-Catalyzed Decomposition of Peroxynitrite via Dioxirane Intermediates

Ketones are found to be catalysts for the decomposition of peroxynitrite. Kinetics, product studies, and B3LYP transition-state calculations together provide consistent evidence for a mechanism involving the formation of dioxirane intermediates.
The Grammaticalization of Daimonie at Iliad 24.194

Homer’s use of the address form δαιµονίη for Hekabe at Iliad 24.194, has been particularly troublesome, and these problems have remained largely unresolved because the word’s etymology, its later use, and its generally negative tone contrast with the otherwise non-confrontational tone of Priam’s speech at Il. 24.194-199. This mismatch has led to a wide range of interpretations, and no general consensus. In this paper I argue that the term here appears to be undergoing grammaticalization in the direction of a discourse particle, and as such does not characterize the addressee but the context of Priam’s subsequent speech. Although use of the term by later authors shows that this process was terminated, nevertheless, the development of δαιµόνιe proposed here patterns with that of other divine address forms such as Latin mehercule! and edepol!, French mon Dieu!, English oh my God!, etc. which have come to function like other discourse particles such as wow!
Separation of septal influences on lordosis, ultrasound production, and body weight.

Previous results suggest that septal fibers inhibit lordosis, ultrasound production, and bodily growth (rate of weight gain) in female hamsters. To determine if the systems responsible for these effects can be dissociated, septal connections with or through the preoptic area (POA) were disrupted by horizontal cuts across the interface between these areas. Some subjects received cuts that were centered medially and extended across most of the interface. Others received cuts that were offset laterally and disrupted just the lateral half of this region. Each response was affected by at least one of these cuts. However, the patterns of effects differed across measures. Lordosis was facilitated equally by medial and lateral cuts, suggesting its dependence on fibers that are concentrated where the cuts overlapped, i.e., laterally along the septal-POA interface. In contrast, ultrasound rate was increased just by the more medial cuts, suggesting its dependence on relatively medial fibers. Finally, body weight was increased by both lesions but consistently responded more to the more medial cuts. This suggests that the relevant fibers are distributed across much of the septal-POA interface but are concentrated in its medial half. Taken together, these results suggest that septal connections affecting lordosis, ultrasound production, and body weight follow different trajectories as they enter or leave the ventral septum. In turn, this strengthens the case for the mediation of these effects by distinct populations of septal cells.
Low doses of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors rapidly evoke opioid receptor-mediated thermal hyperalgesia in naïve mice which is converted to prominent analgesia by cotreatment with ultra-low-dose naltrexone.

Abstract Systemic (s.c.) injection in naive mice of cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibitors, e.g. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine [(IBMX) or caffeine, 10 mg/kg] or the more specific cAMP-PDE inhibitor, rolipram (1 μg/kg), rapidly evokes thermal hyperalgesia (lasting > 5 h). These effects appear to be mediated by enhanced excitatory opioid receptor signaling, as occurs during withdrawal in opioid-dependent mice. Cotreatment of these mice with ultra-low-dose naltrexone (NTX, 0.1 ng/kg–1 pg/kg, s.c.) results in prominent opioid analgesia (lasting > 4 h) even when the dose of rolipram is reduced to 1 pg/kg. Cotreatment of these cAMP-PDE inhibitors in naive mice with an ultra-low-dose (0.1 ng/kg) of the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) or the mu-opioid receptor antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) also results in opioid analgesia. These excitatory effects of cAMP-PDE inhibitors in naive mice may be mediated by enhanced release of small amounts of endogenous bimodally-acting (excitatory/inhibitory) opioid agonists by neurons in nociceptive networks. Ultra-low-dose NTX, nor-BNI or β-FNA selectively antagonizes high-efficacy excitatory (hyperalgesic) Gs-coupled opioid receptor-mediated signaling in naive mice and results in rapid conversion to inhibitory (analgesic) Gi/Go-coupled opioid receptor-mediated signaling which normally requires activation by much higher doses of opioid agonists. Cotreatment with a low subanalgesic dose of kelatorphan, an inhibitor of multiple endogenous opioid peptide-degrading enzymes, stabilizes endogenous opioid agonists released by cAMP-PDE inhibitors, resulting in conversion of the hyperalgesia to analgesia without requiring selective blockade of excitatory opioid receptor signaling. The present study provides a novel pharmacologic paradigm that may facilitate development of valuable non-narcotic clinical analgesics utilizing cotreatment with ultra-low-dose rolipram plus ultra-low-dose NTX or related agents.
Practices for Young Children With and Without Disabilities A Comparison of DEC and NAEYC Identified Practices

Only recently has there been a set of practices that represents consensus of professionals and consumers in the field of early childhood special education and early intervention relative to useful practices. In this article, practices identified through the work of the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) Task Force on Recommended Practices are compared with practices identified through the work of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). This comparison of accepted practice identified by DEC and NAEYC points out both similarities and differing emphases that exist in the areas of inclusion, family involvement, assessment, program planning, curriculum and intervention strategies, service delivery models, and transition.
Mitosis: Short-Circuiting Spindle Checkpoint Signaling

The spindle checkpoint forms an intricate signaling circuit to sense unattached kinetochores, to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and to delay anaphase onset. Using clever genetic experiments in the budding yeast, Lau and Murray define the endpoint of checkpoint signaling and provide key mechanistic insights into checkpoint inhibition of APC/C.
Security transition roadmap to 4G and future generations wireless networks

Security is of utmost importance in 4G and future generations wireless networks, and therefore the key success factor for commercial exploitation. This research is an attempt to design a security transition roadmap to 4G and future generations, incorporating the technical and business elements of the security issues which will affect the motivation and the challenges for its deployment, either from the prospective of technology vendors, policy makers, and end-users.
Preconditioned superprism-based photonic crystal demultiplexers: analysis and design.

We present the analysis and design of a new type of photonic crystal (PC) demultiplexers (i.e., preconditioned demultiplexer), in which the simultaneous existence of the superprism effect and the negative effective index for diffraction results in a compact structure by canceling the second-order spectral phase to avoid beam broadening inside the PC. This approach considerably relaxes the requirements for the large area of the structure and the small divergence of the input beam. As a result, the size of the preconditioned demultiplexers varies as N2.5 (N being the number of wavelength channels) compared to the N4 variation in the conventional superprism-based PC demultiplexers. We use a generalized effective index model to analyze, design, and optimize these demultiplexing structures. This approximate model can be used to extract all the basic properties of the PC device simply from the band structure and eliminates the need to go through tedious simulations especially for three-dimensional structures. Our results show that the preconditioned superprism-based PC demultiplexers have 2 orders of magnitude smaller size compared to the conventional ones.
The Role of VMPC in Metamemorial Judgments of Content Retrievability

Making judgments about the retrievability of information is a critical part of the metamemory processes engaged during remembering. A recent study of patients with frontal lesions suggests that ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) plays a critical role in such judgments [Schnyer, D. M., Verfaellie, M., Alexander, M. P., Lafleche, G., Nicholls, L., & Kaszniak, A. W. A role for right medial prefrontal cortex in accurate feeling of knowing judgments: Evidence from patients with lesions to frontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 42, 957–966, 2004]. The observed impairment was thought to reflect an inability to determine the accessibility of memory contents. To further examine the neuroanatomical basis of content accessibility assessment, we used fMRI in an episodic feeling-of-knowing (FOK) paradigm. Participants were asked to make trial-by-trial predictions about the retrievability of the final word that completed studied sentences and then to select the correct completion from among alternatives. Results indicated that the VMPC is engaged during accurate FOK judgments and its activation is modulated by retrieval rating. Structural equations modeling supported the notion that VMPC, as part of a broader left hemisphere network involved in memory retrieval, monitors the output of the retrieval process. More generally, VMPC may participate in metacognitive processes that allow for the comparison of available data against an internal model.
Characterization and Reconstitution of the Nucleational Complex Responsible for Mineral Formation by Growth Plate Cartilage Matrix Vesicles

Previous studies revealed that matrix vesicles (MY) have an acid-labile nucleationally active core (ALNAC) essential for mineral formation; current studies were aimed at characterizing and reconstituting ALNAC. SDS-PAGE and FTIR analyses revealed the presence of lipids, proteins and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in ALNAC. Extraction with chloroform-methanol reduced, but did not destroy MV calcification; treatment with chloroform-methanol-HCl destroyed all activity. This acidic solvent extracted the annexins, (phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent Ca2+-binding proteins), and dissociated PS-Ca2+-Pi complexes present in the MV. Attempts to reconstitute ALNAC, centered on the Ca2+-PS-Pi complex. Various pure lipids, electrolytes and proteins were combined to form a synthetic nucleationally active complex (SNAC), analyzing the rate of Ca2+ uptake. Inclusion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or sphingomyelin (SM) with PS, or Mg2+ or Zn2+ with Ca2+, strongly inhibited activity; incorporation of annexin V increase...
Characterizing pulmonary blood flow distribution measured using arterial spin labeling

The arterial spin labeling (ASL) method provides images in which, ideally, the signal intensity of each image voxel is proportional to the local perfusion. For studies of pulmonary perfusion, the relative dispersion (RD, standard deviation/mean) of the ASL signal across a lung section is used as a reliable measure of flow heterogeneity. However, the RD of the ASL signals within the lung may systematically differ from the true RD of perfusion because the ASL image also includes signals from larger vessels, which can reflect the blood volume rather than blood flow if the vessels are filled with tagged blood during the imaging time. Theoretical studies suggest that the pulmonary vasculature exhibits a lognormal distribution for blood flow and thus an appropriate measure of heterogeneity is the geometric standard deviation (GSD). To test whether the ASL signal exhibits a lognormal distribution for pulmonary blood flow, determine whether larger vessels play an important role in the distribution, and extract physiologically relevant measures of heterogeneity from the ASL signal, we quantified the ASL signal before and after an intervention (head-down tilt) in six subjects. The distribution of ASL signal was better characterized by a lognormal distribution than a normal distribution, reducing the mean squared error by 72% (p < 0.005). Head-down tilt significantly reduced the lognormal scale parameter (p = 0.01) but not the shape parameter or GSD. The RD increased post-tilt and remained significantly elevated (by 17%, p < 0.05). Test case results and mathematical simulations suggest that RD is more sensitive than the GSD to ASL signal from tagged blood in larger vessels, a probable explanation of the change in RD without a statistically significant change in GSD. This suggests that the GSD is a useful measure of pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity with the advantage of being less affected by the ASL signal from tagged blood in larger vessels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction of UFCT regional myocardial time density curve artifactual heterogeneities

Regional myocardial time density curves produced by intravenous contrast medium are shown to have significant artifacts associated with contrast medium concentrations within the left ventricular cavity. Phantom measurements show this relationship to be between -2 and 10% compared to the expected 5-20% myocardial signal. A correction-smoothing algorithm that assumes that the initial left ventricular enhancement can return the regional myocardial curve to baseline and applied throughout all images reduces the heterogeneity of regional time density curves. The corrected curves were analyzed for flow using a model that accounts for intramyocardial blood volume and tissue transit time. >
Contribution of gestational age and birth weight to perinatal viability in singletons versus twins

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of birth weight and gestational age on twin vs. singleton mortality. Population-based analysis of live births, fetal deaths, and infant deaths by plurality in the United States from 1983 to 1986 was conducted. Seven mortality rates and relative risks (RRs) of twin vs. singleton mortality were calculated by birth weight, gestational age, and combined birth weight and gestational age. The mortality rates included fetal, perinatal, early neonatal, late neonatal, neonatal, postneonatal, and infant. Twins had 3–4 times the RRs of mortality compared to singletons, ranging from a RR of 2.71 for postneonatal mortality to a RR of 3.73 for late neonatal mortality. Generally, for birth weights of 2,800 g or less and gestational ages of 38 weeks or less, twins had lower combined birth weight and gestational age mortality rates and lower RRs. Between 1,900 and 2,799 g, mortality rates decreased then increased with advancing gestation between 31 and 42 weeks both...
On the Derived Length of Coxeter Groups

We characterize certain properties of the derived series of Coxeter groups by properties of the corresponding Coxeter graphs. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a Coxeter group to be quasiperfect.
Supporting the Writing Skills of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Assistive Technologies

The elements of written expression require a set of complicated skills that go beyond the act of holding a pencil and putting words on paper and encompass the complex interaction among physical, cognitive, and sensory systems. Most students on the autism spectrum are likely to have difficulties with written expression that impact their academic performance across subject matter areas. This paper briefly highlights some of the motor and cognitive challenges experienced by writers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as assistive technology supports that can positively impact (a) handwriting; (b) the prewriting process; (c) the writing process that includes drafting, editing, revising, and the final product; and (d) writing conventions that include spelling and grammar.
Comparing and Managing the Relative Importance and Ranking of Reasons for Selecting the Masters’ of Business Administration Program

This paper reports the findings of a study involving the selection process that adult graduate students used when choosing to pursue and attain an advanced business degree at Southern Wesleyan University. This study includes a comparison of the initial priorities used in the selection process to priorities that remain important in retrospect. The study also includes a comparison of the schools stated program objectives to the reasons for students program selection. A two-tailed analysis of data supplied by 184 respondents revealed there was no significant difference between student responses at the beginning of the program and student responses at the conclusion of the program. The study also reveals a close alignment between the schools program objectives and some of the highest ranked priorities given by the students for choosing the programs. The four (4) highest ranked priorities at the beginning and at the end of the program included Fits my schedule, Job advancement/marketability, Received undergraduate degree from SWU, and Christian perspective. These results can assist University administrators, managers, and recruiters in adapting their marketing strategies to provide critical and relevant information to prospective students. The study did not consider demographics as a component of the selection process or with the schools stated program objectives.
Metastatic Cancer to the Larynx: A Case Report and Update

Summary Objective The aim of this study was to describe a case of colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the larynx and provide a review of the current literature. Methods A case report with chart review was performed. A review of the current literature was performed by systematically searching PubMed, OVID, CINAHL Plus, and EMBASE. Results In 1988, a comprehensive literature review identified melanoma as the most common neoplasm to exhibit laryngeal involvement. Since that study, 41 subsequent cases have been reported, and among these, colorectal adenocarcinoma was the most frequent distant primary (24%). In 25 (58%) cases, curative surgery was attempted, but only 4 patients remained disease-free at last follow up. We report the history of a 52-year-old man who presented with rectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to his larynx 4 years after definitive treatment of the primary site. Conclusions In patients with a laryngeal mass and a history of colorectal cancer, or those at high risk of having an occult colorectal primary, metastatic spread to the larynx must always be considered. Although secondary laryngeal metastasis portends a poor prognosis, for the select patient, surgical intervention can provide long-term disease control.
Electroweak and BSM Physics at the EIC

We discuss the QCD and electroweak physics that becomes accessible by the analysis of semi-leptonic neutral weak amplitudes in polarized electron-light ion collisions at an EIC. Specifically, we discuss the reach for precise weak mixing angle measurements at much higher Q 2 than fixed target measurements, new neutral current spin-independent and -dependent interference structure functions, and searches for e − τ charged lepton flavor violation.
Leukocyte Granulation Abnormality Associated with Normal Neutrophil Function and Neurologic Impairment

This article describes studies of two unrelated patients, ages 5.5 and 26 years, with leukocyte granulation abnormalities similar to those in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Both patients presented with neurologic manifestations characterized by psychomotor impairment, but neither had any evidence of oculocutaneous albinism, photophobia, or increased susceptibility to pyogenic infection. The leukocytes were studied for cytochemical, ultrastructural, ultrastructural cytochemical, and functional characteristics. Abnormal granules were present in neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes; in the neutrophil series the abnormalities involved both the azurophilic and specific granules. On ultrastructural examination, the abnormal granules in the neutrophils were found to result from fusion of both peroxidase-positive and peroxidase-negative granules. Large numbers of normal granules were also present. The abnormal large granules in the eosinophils and basophils were the result of fusion of normal granules. The neutrophil function studies showed normal chemotaxis, chemiluminescence, bactericidal activity, and nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction. The normal neutrophil function studies were paralleled by the clinical histories in that neither patient had a history of severe infectious episodes.
Partly Acculturated Religious Activity: A Case for Accommodating Religious Nonprofits

Many of today’s most vexing problems concerning the accommodation of religion involve religious organizations that straddle the perceived boundary of the public and private: that is, not the "private" instance of churches and their clergy, but rather nonprofit organizations (religious colleges, adoption agencies, etc.) that employ or serve people outside their faith but also make religious freedom claims to follow their religious norms in the face of generally applicable laws (contraception mandates, anti-discrimination laws, etc.). I refer to these organizations and activities as "partly acculturated": acculturated in that they reach out to the broader society to provide services of general civic value, but unacculturated in that some of their doctrines and practices clash with dominant secular values. To many critics, it is plainly improper to accommodate partly acculturated activity: when an organizations hires or serves people outside its faith, it must follow whatever rules the government sets.This paper argues that we should make real efforts to protect religious freedom for partly acculturated religious activities. The law should not force all religious organizations and activities into one of the two polar categories, acculturated or unacculturated. Part II presents several reasons why there is a strong interest in protecting the freedom to engage in partly acculturated religious activity. Among other things, I argue, relying on work in sociology of religion, that refusing accommodation to partly acculturated activity risks losing the distinctive vigor that such organizations offer in providing services to society: their countercultural positions tend to create a sense of identity and commitment, while their acculturation means they apply that identity to serve society rather than withdraw from it. Accommodating partially acculturated activity does present distinctive challenges because of effects on non-adherents. Part III proposes addressing those, and drawing lines concerning accommodation, by relying on concepts of:(1) notice to employees and clients concerning the organization’s religious identity, and (2) alternative sources of receiving the services or opportunities in question.
The value of MRI in the diagnosis of medial collateral ligament injury of the knee

Objective:To investigate the role of MRI in the diagnosis of medial collateral ligament injury of the knee.Methods:MR imaging was performed in 59 cases clinically suspected of medial collateral ligament injure of the knee.The images were retrospectively reviewed and compared with MR images obtained from 30 normal cases.Results:43 of 59 cases were clinically diagnosed as medial collateral ligament injure.37 cases were diagnosed as medial collateral ligament injure by MRI,including Grade Ⅰ(9 cases),Grade Ⅱ(15 cases),and Grade Ⅲ (13 cases).The sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 81.4% and 87.5% respectively.For 20 cases with grade Ⅱ or grade Ⅲ injury surgically confirmed,the sensitivity of MRI was 100%.Conclusion:MR imaging can accurately diagnose and classify medial collateral ligament injury of the knee,and correctly detect the complications.MRI is an ideal diagnostic modality for the evaluation of medial collateral ligaments injury of the knee.
Erratum to: ‘Hedgehog signaling: modulation of cancer properties and tumor microenvironment’

Unfortunately, the original version of this article [1] contained errors. The words “properties” and microenvironment” have been spelt incorrectly in the title. The title should read as follows: Hedgehog signaling: modulation of cancer properties and tumor microenvironment