cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining what drives stock returns: Proper inference is crucial: Evidence from the UK

Abstract This paper employs a century of the UK stock market data to examine various sate-space model specifications and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models to investigate how much expected returns and expected dividend growth contribute to movements in the UK price–dividend ratio. We show that the results of the estimated state-space models and the estimated VAR return decomposition models that attempt to estimate the contribution of expected returns and dividend growth to movements in the price–dividend ratio provide different results when one corrects for proper inference for both models. The corrected inference indicates that the contribution of expected returns to fluctuations in the price–dividend ratio is found to be statistically insignificant according to the state-space model, however, expected returns are found to contribute significantly to movements in the price–dividend ratio when one employs the VAR model. We offer some important econometric insights about the reasons for why state-space models and VAR models may give different results.
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone resonance assignments of the connexin43 carboxyl terminal domain attached to the 4th transmembrane domain in detergent micelles

Gap junctions are specialized membrane channels that enable coordination of cellular functions and whole-organ responses by facilitating both molecular and electrical communication between neighboring cells. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widely expressed and well-studied gap junction protein. In the heart, Cx43 is essential for normal cardiac development and function. Studies using a soluble version of the Cx43 carboxyl-terminal domain (Cx43CT; S255-I382) have established the central role it plays in channel regulation. However, in purifying and characterizing a more ‘native-like’ construct (Cx43CT attached to the fourth transmembrane domain (TM4-Cx43CT; D196-I382)), we have identified that the TM4-Cx43CT is a better model than the soluble Cx43CT to further investigate the mechanisms governing Cx43 channel regulation. Here, we report the backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C assignments and predicted secondary structure of the TM4-Cx43CT. Assignment of the TM4-Cx43CT is a key step towards a better understanding of the structural basis of Cx43 regulation, which will lead to improved strategies for modulation of junctional communication that has been altered due to disease or ischemic injury.
Studies on the Density of Water Adsorbed on Low-Protein Fraction of Flour

SUMMARY— A pycnometric method was used to measure the density of a low-protein fraction of flour at different moisture levels. At a given moisture content the flour density was independent of the particle size distribution within the range studied. The density of flour remained constant over a moisture content range from 0 to 7%. In the range of 0-26% moisture two definite transition points exist in the density of adsorbed water. The first occurs at approximately 7% and this is equivalent to a mono-molecular layer. The density of this adsorbed water is strikingly high, 1.48 g/cc. After the first transition point, the density of adsorbed water decreases to 1.11 g/cc. The second transition point occurs at approximately 14% moisture and from there on to the highest moisture measured, 26%, the density of adsorbed water remains constant at 0.97 g/cc.
Simulated similarity and mediation time in transfer

This experiment was designed to determine transfer differences in a simulated A-B, A-B' transfer paradigm. One variable manipulated was degree of associative connection (0, 10, or 30 trials) between two neutral words before using these words as the B and B' terms. On the assumption that transfer following the establishment of the associations between response terms would occur by mediation, the anticipation interval on the transfer test was varied, being 1, 2, or 4 sec. It was expected that an interaction would occur in transfer performance as a function of degree of response-term association and length of anticipation interval. The nine experimental conditions were each represented by 20 Ss. The first transfer list was learned to a criterion of one perfect recitation, the second for 10 trials. Differences in transfer performance were found only on the initial trials. At this point, performance was higher for the groups having had 10 and 30 trials of response-term association than for the groups having none, but there was little difference between the 10 and 30 groups. The expected interaction was not present. The transfer phenomena were not entirely consistent with the notion that mediation was occurring. Neither were they entirely consistent with an alternative explanation which assumed that an association between A and the implicit response to B (B') was developed during the learning of the first transfer list.
Human auditory evoked potentials. I. Evaluation of components.

Fifteen distinct components can be identified in the scalp recorded average evoked potential to an abrupt auditory stimulus. The early components occurring in the first 8 msec after a stimulus represent the activation of the cochlea and the auditory nuclei of the brainstem. The middle latency components occurring between 8 and 50 msec after the stimulus probably represent activation of both auditory thalamus and cortex but can be seriously contaminated by concurrent scalp muscle reflex potentials. The longer latency components occurring between 50 and 300 msec after the stimulus are maximally recorded over fronto-central scalp regions and seem to represent widespread activation of frontal cortex.
Smith Prediction Monitor AGC System Based on CPSO Self-Tuning Pi Control

In accordance with the feature of pure delay in monitor AGC system for hot rolling mill, a new self-tuning PI Smith prediction controller based on chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) is developed. The algorithmic principle and design method of new controller are given. Based on the typical monitor AGC model of tandem hot mill, the analysis of dynamic performance for traditional PI Smith prediction controller and CPSO self-tuning PI Smith prediction controller is done by MATLAB. The simulation results indicate that CPSO self-tuning PI Smith prediction controller has faster response and higher static accuracy than traditional PI Smith prediction controller.
Divergent transcriptional programming of class-specific B cell memory by T-bet and RORα

Antibody class defines function in B cell immunity, but how class is propagated into B cell memory remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that memory B cell subsets unexpectedly diverged across antibody class through differences in the effects of major transcriptional regulators. Conditional genetic deletion of the gene encoding the transcription factor T-bet selectively blocked the formation and antigen-specific response of memory B cells expressing immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) in vivo. Cell-intrinsic expression of T-bet regulated expression of the transcription factor STAT1, steady-state cell survival and transcription of IgG2a-containing B cell antigen receptors (BCRs). In contrast, the transcription factor RORα and not T-bet was expressed in IgA(+) memory B cells, with evidence that knockdown of RORα mRNA expression and chemical inhibition of transcriptional activity also resulted in lower survival and BCR expression of IgA(+) memory B cells. Thus, divergent transcriptional regulators dynamically maintain subset integrity to promote specialized immune function in class-specific memory B cells.
Spatial Yield Response of Two Corn Hybrids at Two Nitrogen Levels

The challenge for variable N rate management is to identify specific field areas that respond to specific N levels. We evaluated two corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids at two N rates (110-130 vs. 165-185 kg ha - 1 at three sites and manure vs. manure + 55 kg ha - 1 at two sites) to determine if corn responded differently to N and hybrids within fields. Spatial yield variability existed at all sites in dry years (1999 and 2001) but at only two sites in a wet year (2000). Spatial yield difference variability in response to N existed at only two of 13 site-year comparisons. Although late-spring soil NO 3 -N concentrations in the upper 30 cm were <25 mg kg - 1 on 15 to 25% of the manured fields in the wet year, spatial yield difference variability in response to N did not exist. At a nonmanured site, spatial yield difference variability in response to N existed with temporal yield stability across dry years (r = 0.96). Surprisingly, corn responded to the higher N rate on 25% of this field where yields were least, but not where yields were greatest. Apparently, variable N rate management of corn requires more information than soil NO 3 -N concentrations and yield maps. Spatial yield difference variability between hybrids existed at only four of 15 site-year comparisons, despite hybrid interactions with sites. Adoption of variable hybrid selection is unlikely if hybrids that show interactions with sites do not show spatial yield difference variability within sites.
Systems engineering management: a framework for the development of a multidisciplinary discipline

Systems engineering is a multidisciplinary function dedicated to controlling design so that all elements are integrated to provide an optimum, overall system/spl minus/as contrasted with the integration of optimized sub-elements. A systems engineer is a person who is capable of integrating knowledge from different disciplines and seeing problems with a "holistic view" by applying the "systems approach." Since no complex system is created by a single person, systems engineering is strongly linked to management. The question addressed in this paper is how can knowledge and skills in systems engineering management be developed through a formal training program. We describe a multidisciplinary framework for curricula planning in systems engineering and suggest that any formal program for such training should consist of the following five chapters: (1) basic studies, (2) disciplinary studies, (3) specific systems, (4) systems engineering concepts and tools, and, (5) management studies. We also advise that any multidisciplinary program of this nature should be established as a cooperative effort of an engineering school and a management school. >
Restrictive left ventricular diastolic filling identifies patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction.

Left ventricular diastolic filling was characterized by transmitral pulsed-wave Doppler velocities in 62 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and diastolic filling variables were correlated with the presence of clinical heart failure. At the time of admission, 47 patients were free of heart failure and 15 patients were in Killip class II to IV. In the latter group of patients with heart failure, peak velocity of late filling wave caused by atrial contraction (A) was lower (0.48 versus 0.59 m/sec, p p p = 0.0001) was shorter when compared with the patients not in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Multivariate analysis showed that the deceleration time was a powerful independent predictor of presence of heart failure after controlling for systolic functional variables. Therefore, diastolic filling variables can complement systolic functional variables in the identification of the patients with postinfarction left ventricular failure.
Electrostatic influence of Q(A) reduction on the IR vibrational mode of the 10a-ester C=O of H(A) demonstrated by mutations at residues Glu l104 and Trp L100 in reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The light-induced QA-/QA FTIR difference spectrum of the photoreduction of the primary quinone (QA) in reaction centers (RCs) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides exhibits a set of complex differential ban...
Circularly polarized luminiscence as a probe of metal ions binding sites in calmodulin

Circularly polarized luminiscence (CPL) from dilute solutions of Tb(III) bound to the Ca-binding protein calmodulin is reported. The dissymmetry ratio, g em , at 543.5 nm can be monitored as a function of equivalents of metal ion concentration. Competitive and consecutive addition of Ca(II) versus Tb(III) yield results which are consistent with previous results that suggest that Tb(III) and Ca(II) have a preferred affinity for different metal-ion binding sites in this protein.
Manipulation of water and nutrients - practice and opportunity in southern U.S. pine forests.

Abstract The magnitude and duration of response of southern pine forests to operations silvicultural treatments including site preparation, drainage, bedding, weed control, thinning, and fertilization are reviewed. The current information for making silvicultural prescriptions in the southeastern U.S. has been developed largely from empirical trials. Silvicultural research has provided only a rudimentary understanding of how water and nutrient availability is altered through silviculture and how they influence stand productivity. Research indicates that many southern pine stands have leaf areas that are below what is theoretically considered to be optimal for maximum productivity. Leaf-area development appears to be limited by both nutrient and water availability. Few data are available to assess the role of changes in resource availability on leaf-area development, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon allocation, and growth attributable to silvicultural treatments. A conceptual model outlining the expected influence of silvicultural treatments on nutrient and water availability and thus on leaf-area development, carbon fixation, carbon allocation and stemwood production is proposed. Blending empirical information with a conceptual understanding of forest productivity should aid in developing silvicultural prescriptions that will help to ameliorate water and/or nutrient limitations, resulting in increased productivity. Major challenges impeding rapid application of existing technology are (1) lack of awareness of opportunities to increase productivity, (2) inadequate capital for silvicultural investments due to uncertainty of the long-term supply and value of wood, and (3) infrastructure barriers that slow the acceptance and implementation of new silvicultural techniques. Future research needs to focus on testing and quantifying the conceptual relationships described, as well as developing practical techniques to assess water and nutrient availability in forest stands.
20,000-hour reliability tests for the CLSS one watt linear cryocooler

One of the most important characteristics of a cryocooler is its useful operating life. Cryocoolers intended for space environments require cryocoolers with very long lifetimes, as the opportunity for servicing a failed unit is minimal. Tactical cryocooler requirements have increasing followed the trend of the space cryocooler, with required lifetimes reaching tens of thousands of hours. Three tactical one watt linear (OWL) cryocoolers at Carleton Life Support Systems, Inc. (CLSS) of Davenport, IA, recently surpassed 20,000 hours of operation. Acceptance tests show that the performance of the cryocoolers has not significantly degraded over this timeframe. This paper reports the performance of the cryocoolers over the span of the test. Steady-state and cooldown performance at various ambient temperatures are reported.
Extreme cultural discontinuity and contemporary American adolescent behavior: a relational analysis.

The magnitude of cultural discontinuities in the individual American male and female life-careers has recently markedly increased for a number of contri butory reasons, chief among them increasing population and urbanization, and the "second industrial revolution." Because adolescence is the period of transition from childhood status and roles to adulthood status and roles, adolescents are most immediately affected by such discontinuities, chiefly by interiorization of them in the form of inner conflicts.Much of the current behavior of American boys and girls reflects reaction to their respective sex-groups' socially induced conflicts—and may serve as a harbinger for other technologically advanced and advancing countries.
Finite temperature effects in QED

Abstract The one-loop effective potential at finite temperature is derived for scalar and spinor QED in presence of an external constant magnetic field. In particular, the high-temperature limit is investigated.
A multifunctional HIL testbed for multirotor VTOL UAV actuator

Application driven multirotor UAV design becomes an emerging challenge as missions' needs require improved performance. In this paper, a multifunctional identification and control testbed for UAV actuators is introduced. Brushless controllers, motors and propeller pairs need to be chosen precisely to achieve optimal performance. Accurate identification of intrinsic parameters of those actuators and their comparison allow the engineer to decide between choosing existing parts or designing their own. Furthermore, we introduce a real-time MATLAB interface that allows to reduce implementation time when developing brushless motors control algorithms.
Design of new anchored p-dopants for high power efficiency OLEDs

Conductivity doping of charge transporting layers is becoming increasingly attractive for improving power efficiency in OLEDs. However, the number of commercially available organic molecular p-dopants is limited. The electron acceptor 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8,-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) is the most utilized p-dopant. F4-TCNQ can be used as a dopant for most hole transporting materials (HTM), but it is very volatile, which makes it difficult for vacuum processing, and has a low sticking coefficient. Here we present the design of novel anchored molecular dopants based on the TCNQ core. We first review how the reduction potential of TCNQ core is affected by substitution with alkyl groups of different electronic properties. Electron donating groups have negative effect on the reduction potential of the acceptor. However, attaching electron withdrawing groups such as halogens counteracts the effect of electron donating groups. Using gas phase theoretical calculations we determined that trifluorinated TCNQ can be anchored through a σ-coupled alkyl chain to an inert molecular anchor without sacrificing the electron affinity.
Carotid, Not Aortic, Chemoreceptors Mediate the Fetal Cardiovascular Response to Acute Hypoxemia in Lambs

The fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia consists of a decrease in heart rate, a variable change in mean arterial pressure, and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. This response is mediated by the arterial chemoreceptors. To determine whether chemoreceptors in the carotid artery or in the aorta mediate the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia, we studied the response to acute hypoxemia in fetal lambs at 125 to 130 d of gestation after selective carotid (six fetuses) or aortic (five fetuses) denervation. One to 3 d after insertion of catheters, hypoxemia was induced by inflating a balloon occluder around the ewe's hypogastric artery or by giving the ewe 95% N2 and 5% O2 to breathe. The chemoreflex response was measured as decrease in heart rate per decrease in Hb O2 saturation. To validate our results, we also studied the response to chemical stimulation of the chemoreceptors by injection of sodium cyanide into the inferior vena cava. We found that carotid denervation abolished the heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance responses to hypoxemia but that aortic denervation did not. Responses after injection of sodium cyanide were similar to those seen during acute hypoxemia. We conclude that the carotid chemoreceptors, and not the aortic chemoreceptors, mediate the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxemia.
Male control of copulation duration in a wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Summary While a great deal of research has examined mate choice, variation in behavior during copulation can also have important consequences for the fitness of males and females. We examined the relationships between male and female characteristics (age, size and condition) and copulation duration in the wolf spider Hogna helluo (Araneae, Lycosidae). In addition, we used these relationships to test if males control copulation duration. In this species, males mount the dorsal surface of females and females make no visible attempts to terminate mating. Male age was positively related to the duration of copulation. In addition, male condition was negatively related to the duration of copulation such that poor condition males mated for longer durations. If a group of outlier copulations are removed from the analysis, then male age is no longer a predictor of mating duration but male condition becomes an even stronger predictor of mating duration. Males that engaged in long copulations were more likely to be cannibalized following mating. Our data provide support for the hypothesis that males exert the primary influence on copulation duration in H. helluo. Older and poor condition males may engage in longer copulations to increase their paternity with the current female because they may have a lower chance of escaping postcopulatory sexual cannibalism or surviving to find another female.
A new species of Banara (Flacourtiaceae) from Bolivia

A new species,Banara boliviana, known only from Depto. Santa Cruz, Prov. Florida, in the easternmost Andes of Bolivia, is described and illustrated. It is compared toB. glauca from the northern Andes.
Pricing and coordination: Strategically stable equilibria

Abstract This paper investigates a class of two-period games in which the first-period interactions have the features of a prisoner's dilemma game and the second-period interactions have the features of a coordination game. This class of games seems relevant to problems of industrial organization where firms not only compete in prices but also have to coordinate in some other dimensions. We find that equilibrium outcomes that we can reject on intuitive grounds are not generated by elements of stable sets a la Kohlberg and Mertens.
Urban management information systems

Abstract The areas which urban information systems should serve are characterized by lack of organizational unity; hence, “total” urban information systems are meaningless. Management of public agencies in urban areas seldom controls a significant proportion of the variables affecting these areas; information systems should relate in depth to actual control variables in the hands of public officials. Information for urban systems should focus primarily on the environment shared by many agencies rather than on internal resources of the agencies themselves. Identification of data requirements for urban management will continue to be more of an art than a science. The system consequences of the foregoing are described by such words as “incremental” as distinct from “turn-key” and “jurisdictional” as distinct from “functional”.
Piecewise linear prewavelets over type-2 triangulations

In this article, we study the construction of piecewise linear prewavelets over type-2 triangulations. Different from a so-called semi-prewavelet approach, we investigate the orthogonal conditions directly and obtain parameterized prewavelets with a smaller support. The conditions for parameterized prewavelet basis on the parameters are also given.
Black Clergy in the 2000 Elections

Using survey data collected on African Methodist Episcopal and Church of God in Christ clergy, this article finds that black clergy are strongly supportive of their roles as community leaders. However, there are differences along denominational lines in terms of how they interpret their role, in their policy preferences, and in their activities both in and out of the pulpit. In total, this study reveals that there is diversity in black clergy attitudes and activities and that there is a need to examine further how these differences affect black political attitudes and activism.
Optical absorption properties of HgCdTe epilayers with uniform composition

Hg1−xCdxTe is an important material for high-performance infrared detection for a wide spectral range, from 1.7 µm to beyond 14 µm. An accurate understanding of the relationship between optical absorption and bandgap energy of this semiconductor alloy is needed for pre-process layer screening, detector design, and interpretation of detector performance. There is currently a disparity among the infrared detector community in relating the optical absorption properties to HgCdTe alloy composition and bandgap energy. This disagreement may stem from a misunderstanding of absorption properties, where existing models were developed decades ago using either bulk material or material with nonuniform composition. In this work, we have initiated an investigation of the optical absorption properties of HgCdTe with uniform composition grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) with in-situ compositional control via spectroscopic ellipsometry. The absorption properties show unique characteristics in the bandtail region, with insignificant temperature dependence. The absorption properties above the bandgap suggest a hyperbolic bandstructure as opposed to the common assumption of a parabolic bandstructure. The temperature dependence of the bandgap energy shows good agreement to the commonly used expression developed previously by Hansen et al.
Lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein subclasses after cardiac transplantation

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the leading obstacle to long-term survival in cardiac transplant patients. Increases in plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein cholesterol levels occur after transplantation that may contribute to transplant atherosclerosis. The etiology of this increase is unclear. We investigated the interaction of immunosuppressive medications with plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the HDL subclasses HDL 2 and HDL 3 cholesterol, and hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activity in 72 consecutive cardiac transplant patients compared to 51 healthy control subjects. In the transplantation group, greater concentrations of plasma triglyceride (80%, p 2 , or HDL 3 cholesterol. Cyclosporine dose was significantly associated with hepatic lipase activity (r = 0.33, p 2 cholesterol (r = 0.29, p
Weakly nonlinear surface polariton

The effect of weak nonlinearities on the surface polariton supported by the interface between vacuum and a free-electron metal is investigated. The free-electron metal is described by relativistically correct hydrodynamic equations of motion. The cubic Schrodinger equation governing the long-time slow modulation of the amplitude of the surface polariton is deduced rigorously by a singular perturbation procedure. The surface polariton is, in general, unstable to this nonlinear wave modulation.
Development of chip model library for the computer-aided analysis of electronic packages

The development of a chip model library for the complete design and simulation of multichip assemblies is discussed. The simulation of the driver/receiver part of the chips mounted in multichip modules (MCMs) can be done using a variety of models at varying levels of complexity. A hierarchy is used to organize the models for use with an intelligent model selection tool. Model selection is based on the tradeoff between accuracy and speed. The four models considered are device, table-based equation-based and simple RC models. The basic RC model, a physical model, considers transistor on-resistance and load capacitance as a complete representation of the driver circuit. The table lookup approach stores a detailed transfer function of device operation or circuit operation in a table using a device level circuit simulator. Equation-based models simplify the physical device equations based on the switching behavior of a particular circuit. An integral environment with this group of models is developed with an object-oriented approach. Each of the model templates is treated as an object and it can be repeated as required. >
Evolution to the programmable Internet

This article explores possible transitional steps to add programmability into the Internet: label switching for flexible packet forwarding, open programming interfaces, active packets for dynamic service control, and mobile agents. With a programmable Internet, service providers and users will be able to gain a degree of flexible control over their network services and take advantage of the full potential of the Internet.
Mitotic crossing-over in a higher plant

This paper provides direct evidence for the occurrence of mitotic crossing-over in leaf tissues and in vitro cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum. The geno-typic composition of both segregating regions of twin spots was analysed by in vitro culture of the segregating tissue and by regenerating plants from this tissue. The frequency of mitotic crossing-over is influenced by several physical and chemical agents.
Overcoming the depth discrimination barrier in widefield microscopes: 3D single molecule tracking with high axial accuracy

Current widefield microscopy techniques are well suited for imaging fast moving single molecules in two dimensions even within cells. However, the 3D imaging of single molecules poses several technical challenges. Foremost being that in the current microscope design only one focal plane can be imaged at any given point in time. Hence single molecule tracking in a 3D environment such as a cell is problematic since the molecule can easily move out of the focal plane that is currently being imaged. Focusing devices such as piezo nano-positioners could be used to overcome this shortcoming by sequentially scanning the sample at different planes. However, these devices are typically slow and therefore may not be suitable for 3D tracking of fast moving single molecules. Aside from this, widefield microscopes suffer from poor depth discrimination capability. Therefore, there exists significant uncertainty in determining the axial location of the single molecule, especially when the molecule is close to the plane of focus. To overcome the above limitations, we have developed a new microscopy technique called multifocal plane microscopy (MUM) that can simultaneously image distinct planes within the specimen. In contrast to standard microscopes, a MUM setup exhibits significantly improved depth discrimination capability, especially close to focus, which markedly improves the accuracy with which the axial position of the single molecule can be determined. Results are presented to illustrate the applicability of MUM for 3D single molecule tracking.
Multidimensional Adaptive Power Management for Low-Power Operation of Wireless Devices

Currently, wireless circuits are designed to meet minimum quality-of-service requirements under worst case wireless link conditions (interference, noise, multipath effects), leading to high power consumption when the channel is not worst case. In this work, we develop a multidimensional adaptive power management approach that optimally trades-off power versus performance across temporally changing operating conditions by concurrently tuning control parameters in the RF and digital baseband components of the wireless receiver. Simulation and hardware results indicate significant power savings in the receiver using the proposed approach while maintaining the system bit error rate specification.
Optimized membrane configuration improves CMUT performance

The performance of a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) was improved by optimizing its membrane configuration. CMUTs with three different membrane configurations: square, rectangular and tent, were designed and fabricated using a process based on the wafer-bonding technique. Paired tests showed that improved transmission (TX) and reception (RX) efficiencies were achieved by using tent or rectangular membranes instead of square membranes. The improvements were 46% and 44% in TX and 43% and 65% in RX, respectively.
On the Detection of Clones in Sensor Networks Using Random Key Predistribution

Random key predistribution security schemes are well suited for use in sensor networks due to their low overhead. However, the security of a network using predistributed keys can be compromised by cloning attacks. In this attack, an adversary breaks into a sensor node, reprograms it, and inserts several copies of the node back into the sensor network. Cloning gives the adversary an easy way to build an army of malicious nodes that can cripple the sensor network. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that a sensor network can use to detect the presence of clones. Keys that are present on the cloned nodes are detected by looking at how often they are used to authenticate nodes in the network. Simulations verify that the proposed method accurately detects the presence of clones in the system and supports their removal. We quantify the extent of false positives and false negatives in the clone detection process.
A Most Ingenious Paradox: The Market for Contemporary Fine Art

The economic behavior of artists, dealers, and collectors in the local (not the high-end, elite New York hegemonic center) market for contemporary fine art is discussed. Seemingly bizarre behavior such as an artist giving a dealer a share of the sale of an art object the latter has never handled to a buyer the dealer has never seen is analyzed with reference to identity, economic rationality, and consumer risk.
The Abbreviated Pluripotent Cell Cycle

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells proliferate rapidly and divide symmetrically producing equivalent progeny cells. In contrast, lineage committed cells acquire an extended symmetrical cell cycle. Self-renewal of tissue-specific stem cells is sustained by asymmetric cell division where one progeny cell remains a progenitor while the partner progeny cell exits the cell cycle and differentiates. There are three principal contexts for considering the operation and regulation of the pluripotent cell cycle: temporal, regulatory, and structural. The primary temporal context that the pluripotent self-renewal cell cycle of hESCs is a short G1 period without reducing periods of time allocated to S phase, G2, and mitosis. The rules that govern proliferation in hESCs remain to be comprehensively established. However, several lines of evidence suggest a key role for the naive transcriptome of hESCs, which is competent to stringently regulate the embryonic stem cell (ESC) cell cycle. This supports the requirements of pluripotent cells to self-propagate while suppressing expression of genes that confer lineage commitment and/or tissue specificity. However, for the first time, we consider unique dimensions to the architectural organization and assembly of regulatory machinery for gene expression in nuclear microenviornments that define parameters of pluripotency. From both fundamental biological and clinical perspectives, understanding control of the abbreviated ESC cycle can provide options to coordinate control of proliferation versus differentiation. Wound healing, tissue engineering, and cell-based therapy to mitigate developmental aberrations illustrate applications that benefit from knowledge of the biology of the pluripotent cell cycle.
Red Blood Cells Sensitized by Incomplete Rabbit Antibodies as a Reagent for Detecting the Rheumatoid Factor

SummaryA new procedure for the detection of the rheumatoid factor was described. The indicator system consisted of blood group G + rabbit erythrocytes sensitized by incomplete anti-G serum of rabbit origin. A titer of agglutination of 1:40 or more was considered as positive reaction. Sixty-three out of one hundred rheumatoid sera tested gave positive reactions whereas only three out of 107 non-rheumatoid sera were positive.
Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States.

It is usually believed that drugs of abuse are smuggled into the United States or are clandestinely produced for illicit distribution. Less well known is that many hallucinogens and dissociative agents can be obtained from plants and fungi growing wild or in gardens. Some of these botanical sources can be located throughout the United States; others have a more narrow distribution. This article reviews plants containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine, reversible type A monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), lysergic acid amide, the anticholinergic drugs atropine and scopolamine, or the diterpene salvinorin-A (Salvia divinorum). Also reviewed are mescaline-containing cacti, psilocybin/ psilocin-containing mushrooms, and the Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina mushrooms that contain muscimol and ibotenic acid. Dangerous misidentification is most common with the mushrooms, but even a novice forager can quickly learn how to properly identify and prepare for ingestion many of these plants. Moreover, through the ever-expanding dissemination of information via the Internet, this knowledge is being obtained and acted upon by more and more individuals. This general overview includes information on the geographical range, drug content, preparation, intoxication, and the special health risks associated with some of these plants. Information is also offered on the unique issue of when bona fide religions use such plants as sacraments in the United States. In addition to the Native American Church’s (NAC) longstanding right to peyote, two religions of Brazilian origin, the Santo Daime and the Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), are seeking legal protection in the United States for their use of sacramental dimethyltryptamine-containing ‘‘ayahuasca.’’
Quantum degenerate dipolar Fermi gas.

We report the first quantum degenerate dipolar Fermi gas, the realization of which opens a new frontier for exploring strongly correlated physics and, in particular, quantum liquid crystalline phases. A quantum degenerate Fermi gas of the most magnetic atom $^{161}\mathrm{Dy}$ is produced by laser cooling to $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ before sympathetically cooling with ultracold, bosonic $^{162}\mathrm{Dy}$. The temperature of the spin-polarized $^{161}\mathrm{Dy}$ is a factor $T/{T}_{F}=0.2$ below the Fermi temperature ${T}_{F}=300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nK}$. The cotrapped $^{162}\mathrm{Dy}$ concomitantly cools to approximately ${T}_{c}$ for Bose-Einstein condensation, thus realizing a novel, nearly quantum degenerate dipolar Bose-Fermi gas mixture. Additionally, we achieve the forced evaporative cooling of spin-polarized $^{161}\mathrm{Dy}$ without $^{162}\mathrm{Dy}$ to $T/{T}_{F}=0.7$. That such a low temperature ratio is achieved may be a first signature of universal dipolar scattering.
Clinical Effectiveness of Split-Virion Versus Subunit Trivalent Influenza Vaccines in Older Adults

Until recently, the manufacture of all influenza vaccines started with a similar process, which still accounts for the majority of available vaccines. Influenza viruses are grown in pathogen-free eggs, and the virus membrane is disrupted with the use of a surfactant. Subunit vaccines are further purified using differing sedimentation to remove the internal subviral core [1]. Split-virion vaccines do not undergo further purification so they usually contain more protein, and because of this, are generally more reactogenic, which was a rationale for development of subunit vaccines [2]. Because split-virion and subunit vaccines contain similar amounts of hemagglutinin, they produce similar responses when tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay, the correlate of protection used for licensure, and are assumed to have comparable effectiveness [2]. However, this correlate of protection is imperfect [3, 4], and it is unknown if these vaccines have similar clinical effectiveness. Cellular immune responses may be important in addition to antibody responses in older adults [3], as cellular immune responses have been associated with clearing influenza infection [5]. These cellular immune responses are directed toward internal proteins such as nucleoprotein, polymerases, and matrix proteins [5]. Due to manufacturing methods, split-virion vaccines contain more internal proteins, which may be important for cellular immune responses [6]. Co et al reported that split-virion influenza vaccines stimulated a stronger cellular immune response to influenza than subunit vaccines [6]. It is unknown whether differences in cellular immune responses translate into differences in clinical effectiveness. Using data collected to determine influenza vaccine effectiveness in older adults over several influenza seasons [7, 8], we performed a substudy to evaluate whether split-virion vaccines provided greater effectiveness than subunit vaccines for the prevention of medically attended acute respiratory illness associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Management of Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Neoadjuvant GTX Chemotherapy Followed by Combined Chemoradiation

Among patients with locally advanced disease, no standard exists for treatment. Initial reports of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine, docetaxel and capecitabine (GTX) with or without additional neoadjuvant chemoradiation showed favorable rates of conversion to resectability with negative margins. 2-3 This study investigated the safety and tolerability to neoadjuvant GTX chemotherapy followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (gemcitabine and capecitabine) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
Determinants of Emplyee Tardiness

This study uses the Tobit econometrics technique to investigate the correlates of work tardiness in a large national sample of workers. Evidence is found indicating that (1) marriage and years of work experience have negative and significant effects on tardiness, (2) professionals, managers, and persons commuting long distances to work report more days tardy than others, and (3) tardiness is not correlated with absenteeism.
Disruption of sensory gating by moderate alcohol doses.

Rationale Evidence from a growing body of literature suggests that alcohol, even at moderate-dose levels, disrupts the ability to ignore distractors. However, little work has been done to elucidate the neural processes underlying this deficit.
Observing responses, visual preferences, and habituation to visual stimuli in infants

Abstract Two experiments investigated the effects of moving visual stimuli on observing responses of 2- to 6-month-old infants. Stimulation consisted of a blinking light which randomly changed position in a 4×4 light matrix. In Exp. I, 60 infants were randomly assigned to one of five groups. Four experimental groups were given 24 presentations of a light which either remained stationary or moved among 4, 8, or 16 positions. The fifth group received no light until the last four trials, when they were shown the light moving among 8 positions. In Exp. II, infants' visual preferences were examined by repeatedly presenting two lights simultaneously. Thirty infants were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group (4, 1) was shown the 4-position and stationary lights, Group (16, 1) the 16-position and stationary lights, and Group (16, 4) the 16- and 4-position lights. Results from Exps. I and II indicate infants initially fixate longest on stimuli with intermediate position change, and these fixations tend to habituate over trials. Infants were also found to prefer lights which changed position to a stationary light, with the greatest preference occurring on the early trials when the light varied among 4 matrix positions and on the late trials when the light varied among 16 positions. Finally, evidence from Exp. II but not from Exp. I indicates that lights with many position changes produce less habituation than lights with few position changes.
Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic pathway in field-caught populations of Fundulus heteroclitus

Variation in enzyme expression may be important in evolutionary adaptation, yet is seldom studied. Furthermore, no studies have examined the expression of all enzymes in a defined metabolic pathway. Enzyme concentration is a measure of enzyme expression and was ascertained by assaying maximal activity. Presented here is an analysis of variation of maximal enzyme activity for all the enzymes in a single metabolic pathway, glycolysis, from three clinically distributed populations of the fish,Fundulus heteroclitus. Techniques for rapidly analyzing maximal enzyme activity for all the enzymes of an entire metabolic pathway from many individuals are described. The high degree of repeatability (mean coefficient of variation for replicates, 4.4%) and sensitivity (less than 3 mg of tissue is required to measure all 10 enzymes) of these assays demonstrate the utility of such an approach for analyzing variation among populations for a large numbers of enzymes. Results from these studies indicate that (1) the average coefficient of variation for all enzyme determinations within a population is 45.3% and (2) between populations, the activity of 5 of the 10 glycolytic enzymes are significantly different. This considerable variation occurs even in populations where there is little allelic variation. These data demonstrating substantial variation in enzyme expression support the idea that changes in gene regulation may be as important as, or even more important than, changes in biochemical kinetic parameters in evolutionary processes.
An Efficient Unknown Blocking Scheme for Low Control Data Volume and High Observability

This paper presents an efficient method to block unknowns for temporal compactors. The proposed blocking logic can reduce data volume required to control the blocking logic and increase the number of scan cells that are observed by temporal compactors. Control patterns, which specify values required at the control signals of the blocking logic, are compressed by linear feedback shift register reseeding. In this paper, the blocking logic gates for some scan chains that do not capture unknowns are bypassed. Since all scan cells in these scan chains can be observed without specifying the corresponding bits in control patterns, more scan cells are observed while a smaller number of bits are required to be specified. The seed size is further reduced by reducing the numbers of specified bits in the densely specified control patterns. The proposed method can always achieve the same fault coverage that can be achieved by directly observing scan chains without any output compaction. Experiments with large industrial designs clearly demonstrate that the proposed method is scalable to large circuits. Hardware overhead for the proposed unknown blocking scheme is very low.
Prediction of Variation in Dimensional Tolerance Due to Sheet Metal Hydroforming using Finite Element Analysis

Hydroforming of aluminum sheets is very important in the aircraft industry, due to the advantages of less wrinkling and cost effectiveness. Numerous research has been conducted in this field, which deals with the development of methods and tools to control accuracy of the bend and prediction of the springback after the sheet metal has been formed. Rivets are the most commonly used fasteners to fit together the subassemblies of the aircraft. The holes for riveting are punched after any forming operation due to the tensile and compressive deformations along the thickness of the sheet metal, which can affect the dimension and position accuracy of the hole. This incurs more cost and time due to the development of special dies for accurately punched holes. It is necessary to develop a method for predicting variation in the holes, which will increase the cost effectiveness of the process. In this research, sheet metal with pre-drilled holes was evaluated for a bending operation using a hydroforming technique. Sheet metal with a variety of thicknesses, bending radii, and bending angles was evaluated. Variation in the dimensional tolerance was attained using the minimum radial separation method. A dataset of dimensional variation in the holes was developed and used for development of the artificial neural network, which was able to predict the dimensional variation of the hole if an unknown pattern of inputs was provided. This study presents the prediction of the dimensional variation of holes due to sheet metal bending using the hydroforming technique.