Novas reflexões sobre a "idéia da América Latina": a direita, a esquerda e a opção descolonial

Este texto tem um carater especifico de debate, retomado pelo autor em funcao de resenhas e entrevistas realizadas sobre o seu livro The Idea of Latin America, publicado em 2005. Inicia demonstrando como as narrativas diversificadas da historia da colonizacao sao plurais, mas, ao serem difundidas, unificam-se em narrativas globais de carater universal, como efeito de processos de totalidade. Para o autor, essa diversidade de forcas historicas caladas, mas vivas, hoje se expoem sem perspectiva de retorno ao passado. Nesse sentido, ele fala do projeto modernidade e colonialismo, de descolonizar o conhecimento, respondendo e aprofundando diversos aspectos paradoxais postos pelo debate de seu livro, como o dialogo entre movimentos e pensamentos de emancipacao que surgem no centro do sistema-mundo. Com isso, nao pretende fechar-se ao debate, mas, ao contario, busca atualizar e avancar nessas questoes da diferenca e das populacoes nao homogeneas de uma perspectiva de futuro e de uma perspectiva de um conhecimento e praticas pluri-versalistas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: modernidade, emancipacao, diferenca, descolonizacao do pensamento, America Latina. NEW REFLECTIONS ON THE “IDEA OF LATIN AMERICA”: the right, the left and the discolonizing option Walter D. Mignolo This text has the specific character of debate retaken by the author caused by reviews and interviews about his book The Idea of Latin America, published in 2005. It begins demonstrating how the various narratives of the history of colonization are plural, but as they spread they become unified in global narratives of an universal character, as an effect of totality processes. For the author that diversity of silent but alive historical forces, are today exposed, without a perspective of return to the past. In this sense he speaks about the modernity/coloniality project of decolonizing knowledge, answering and deepening several paradoxical aspects forwarded by the debate of his book, as the dialogue among thoughts of emancipation and movements that appear in the center of the world system. With this he doesn’t intend to close the debate, but, on the contrary, strives to update it and to move forward in those issues of non-homogeneous populations and difference from a perspective of future and from a perspective of a pluri-versalist knowledge and practices. KEYWORDS: modernity, emancipation, difference, decolonization of thought, Latin America. NOUVELLES REFLEXIONS SUR “LA CONCEPTION DE L’AMERIQUE LATINE”: la droite, la gauche et l’option decoloniale Walter D. Mignolo Ce texte revet un caractere specifique de debat repris par l’auteur en fonction de rapports et d’interviews realises a propos de son livre The Idea of Latin America publie en 2005. Il commence en demontrant comment les narratives diversifiees de l’histoire de la colonisation sont plurielles mais, lorsqu’elles sont diffusees, elles finissent par s’unifier en narratives globales a caractere universel, comme consequence d’un processus de totalite. Pour l’auteur, cette diversite de forces historiques silencieuses mais vivantes, apparaissent aujourd’hui sans perspective de retour en arriere. Dans ce sens-la, il parle du projet modernite/colonialite pour decoloniser la connaissance. Ceci permet de repondre et d’approfondir divers aspects paradoxaux souleves par le debat de son livre comme le dialogue entre les mouvements et les pensees d’emancipation qui surgissent au coeur du systeme-monde. Il n’est pas question de conclure le debat, bien au contraire, on cherche a actualiser et a avancer dans ces questions de la difference et des populations qui ne sont pas homogenes dans une perspective d’avenir et d’une connaissance et des pratiques pluri-versalistes. MOTS-CLES: modernite, emancipation, difference, decolonisation de la pensee, Amerique Latine. Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br