cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab initio statistical mechanics of the ferroelectric phase transition in PbTiO 3

An effective Hamiltonian for the ferroelectric transition in ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ is constructed from ab initio pseudopotential local-density-functional total-energy and linear-response calculations through the use of a localized, symmetrized basis set of ``lattice Wannier functions.'' Explicit parametrization of the polar lattice Wannier functions is used for subspace projection, addressing the issues of LO-TO splitting and coupling to the complementary subspace. In contrast with ferroelectric ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$, we find significant involvement of the Pb atom in the lattice instability. Monte Carlo simulations for this Hamiltonian show a first-order cubic-tetragonal transition at 660 K. The resulting temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization, c/a ratio, and unit-cell volume near the transition are in good agreement with experiment. Comparison of Monte Carlo results with mean-field theory analysis shows that both strain and fluctuations are necessary to produce the first-order character of this transition.
Social identity support and friendship outcomes: A longitudinal study predicting who will be friends and best friends 4 years later:

This longitudinal study tested the hypothesis that social identity support would predict the long-term status of first-year college friendships. Social identity support refers to perceived support for valued aspects of the self that are related to identification with social groups, categories, and roles. First-year undergraduates (N = 100) reported levels of closeness, contact, general support, and social identity support for new same-sex friendships. Logistic regression analyses indicated, as expected, that social identity support predicted whether or not a new friend would be a best friend 4 years later, after controlling for initial levels of closeness, contact, and general relationship-specific social support. Social identity support, however, did not predict status as a mere friend at follow-up. The results regarding best friend status suggest that social identity support may be a unique form of social support that contributes to the development of close relationships.
Human Gene Therapy: Genes Without Frontiers?

H | uman gene therapy, the augmentation of a patient's genome with artificially introduced genetic material, is one of the most exciting subjects in modern biology; it captures the interest of introductory biology students due to its cutting edge nature, easily understood enormous medical potential, and myriad ethical issues. Within the last few years, there have been important advances in human gene therapy that may herald the start of a golden age in this field. However, there have also been some startling setbacks that threaten to scuttle any possible benefits.
Maternal Health Status and Early Childbearing: A Test of the Weathering Hypothesis

Early childbearing, especially as an adolescent, has been labeled by one former president as the country’s “most important social problem” (Clinton 1995). Conventional wisdom suggests that having a child as a teenager is detrimental for maternal well-being, especially educational attainment and labor market outcomes, but also for interpersonal outcomes, such as relationship quality with partners and exposure to intimate violence. Many studies confirm such expectations (see Hayes 1987). Empirically, teenage childbearing has been linked to lower levels of completed education (Hotz et al. 1997; Fletcher and Wolfe 2009), lower wages and earnings and generally worse labor market outcomes (Chevalier and Viitanen 2003; Klepinger et al. 1999), and lower rates of marriage and higher overall fertility (Bennett et al. 1995; Hoffman et al. 1993), although some studies have suggested the negative economic and social consequences of teen pregnancy and childbearing are not as large as once thought (Furstenberg 1991; Lawlor and Shaw 2002; Scally 2002; Rich-Edwards 2002).
Assessing survival benefit when treatment delays disease progression

Background:For a potentially lethal chronic disease like cancer, it is often infeasible to compare treatments on the basis of overall survival, so a combined outcome such as progression-free surviv...
Finding a link between guided search and perceptual load theory

Perceptual load theory claims that attentional processing of distractors in the visual environment is dependent upon the availability of perceptual resources, and recent research has attempted to link this selective attention theory to more classic ideas on visual search. In the present study, we investigated how perceptual load could be linked to a prominent visual search theory: guided search. Our findings suggest that any volitional attempt at attentional guidance only hindered attention under low perceptual load, whereas attentional guidance could be highly effective under high perceptual load. Importantly, guided search only proved effective when participants could utilise knowledge about the display consistently from trial-to-trial. This finding parallels previous evidence about visual search, extends it to perceptual load theory and further demonstrates the rich potential in uniting visual search and visual selection studies.
A Nod to Bertrand Russell

It is said (though I have never seen any good experimental evidence) that if you toss a penny a great many times, it will come heads about as often as tails. It is further said that this is not certain, but only extremely probable. You might toss a penny ten times mnning, and it might come heads each time. There would be nothing surprising if this happened once in 1,024 repetitions of ten tosses, but when you come to larger numbers the rarity of a continual run of heads grows much greater. If you tossed a penny 1, 000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 times you would be lucky if you got one series of 100 heads running. Such at least is the theory, but life is too short to test it empirically.
Behavior of Adult Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Parasitism of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Larvae in Cotton

Attraction of male Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) to virgin females was demonstrated for the first time in the field. The males were most active during morning hours beginning as early as 0630, with peak numbers occurring between 0800 and 1100. No males were caught in traps baited with virgin females after 1200. Female flight activity also was greater in the morning than in the evening, but females remained active throughout the day. Flight activity of females began about 1 h later than males. No significant ( P < 0.05) difference in parasitism by M. croceipes was detected for host larvae ( Heliothis spp.) that were collected from different areas of the cotton plant, or that were feeding on squares, versus flowers versus bolls. Parasitized larvae were collected from all sizes of cotton bolls (up to 40 mm in diameter), but no large (25− to 40−mm) larvae that were collected from the field were parasitized by M. croceipes.
Slow Light with Fourth Order Fields

We demonstrate experimentally the preservation of entanglement between delayed and non-delayed members of energy-time entangled biphotons, as well as the preservation of fourth order temporal coherence of thermal light with a delayed version of itself.
Abstract IA14: Noncoding RNAs of viral and cellular origin: Links to oncogenesis

EBER2 is a highly abundant nuclear noncoding RNA expressed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Probing its possible chromatin localization by Capture Hybridization Analysis of RNA Targets (CHART) revealed EBER29s presence at the terminal repeats (TRs) of the latent EBV genome, overlapping previously identified binding sites for the important B-cell transcription factor PAX5. EBER2 interacts with and is required for PAX5 localization to the TRs. Knockdown of EBER2 or PAX5 decreases EBV lytic replication, underscoring the essential role of the TRs in viral replication, which is known to be linked to the onset of EBV-associated tumors. Recruitment of the EBER2-PAX5 complex is mediated by base pairing between EBER2 and nascent transcripts from the TR locus. The interaction is evolutionarily conserved in the related primate herpesvirus CeHV15 despite great sequence divergence in both EBER2 and the TRs. Using base pairing with nascent transcripts to guide an interacting transcription factor to its DNA target site in chromatin is a previously undescribed function for a trans-acting noncoding RNA. We have uncovered a novel transcript type derived from human protein-coding genes that is represented by thousands of examples genome-wide. These RNAs, which we call DoGs for downstream of gene containing transcripts, are inducible by osmotic stress through an IP3 receptor signaling-dependent pathway, indicating active regulation. DoGs possess long non-coding regions (often >45 kb) and remain chromatin bound. Their levels are increased by decreased termination of the upstream transcript, a previously undescribed mechanism for rapid transcript induction. Relative depletion of polyA signals in DoG regions correlates with increased levels of DoGs after osmotic stress. DoGs may play a role in reinforcing the nuclear scaffold after stress. 1. Lee, N., Moss, W., Yario, T., Steitz, J.A. (2015). An EBV noncoding RNA binds nascent RNA to drive host PAX5 to viral DNA. Cell 160, 607-618. 2. Vilborg, A., Passarelli, M.C., Yario, T.A., Tycowski, K.T. and Steitz, J.A. (2014). Widespread inducible transcription downstream of human genes. Mol. Cell. 59, 449-461. Citation Format: Joan A. Steitz, Nara Lee, Walter N. Moss, Therese A. Yario, Anna Vilborg, Maria C. Passarelli, Kazimierz T. Tycowski. Noncoding RNAs of viral and cellular origin: Links to oncogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Effect of Continuing Care for Cocaine Dependence on HIV Sex-Risk Behaviors

Evaluate the effect of continuing care interventions for cocaine use with HIV risk-reduction components on HIV sex-risk. Explore whether cocaine use at treatment initiation interacts with the type of continuing care intervention to affect HIV sex-risk. Cocaine dependent participants (N = 321) were randomized to: (1) Treatment as usual (TAU): intensive outpatient treatment, (2) TAU and telephone monitoring and counseling (TMC), and (3) TAU and TMC plus incentives for participation in telephone contacts (TMC+). Participants in TMC and TMC+ received a brief HIV intervention, with booster sessions as needed. Generalized estimating equations analysis compared TAU, TMC and TMC+ at 6, 12, 18, 24 months post-baseline on the following outcomes: overall HIV sex-risk, number of sexual partners, condom usage, exchange of drugs for sex, exchange of sex for drugs, exchange of money for sex, exchange of sex for money, and crack house visits. Overall sex-risk decreased for all treatment conditions at follow-up, with no treatment main effects. For people with no cocaine use at baseline, TAU experienced greater sex-risk reductions than TMC (p < .01) and TMC+ (p < .001). The three treatment conditions are effective in reducing HIV sex-risk. TMC with HIV risk-reduction components is unnecessary for cocaine-dependent clients who stop using cocaine early in treatment.
Recurrent cystitis in non-pregnant women.

Introduction Cystitis is a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract which causes pain when passing urine, and causes urgency, haematuria, and suprapubic pain not associated with passing urine. Recurrent cystitis is usually defined as three episodes of urinary tract infection in the previous 12 months, or two episodes in the previous 6 months.
Ignoring a Multilevel Structure in Mixture Item Response Models: Impact on Parameter Recovery and Model Selection:

The current study investigated the consequences of ignoring a multilevel structure for a mixture item response model to show when a multilevel mixture item response model is needed. Study 1 focused...
Deep-Learning Systems for Domain Adaptation in Computer Vision: Learning Transferable Feature Representations

Domain adaptation algorithms address the issue of transferring learning across computational models to adapt them to data from different distributions. In recent years, research in domain adaptation has been making great progress owing to the advancements in deep learning. Deep neural networks have demonstrated unrivaled success across multiple computer vision applications, including transfer learning and domain adaptation. This article outlines the latest research in domain adaptation using deep neural networks. It begins with an introduction to the concept of knowledge transfer in machine learning and the different paradigms of transfer learning. It provides a brief survey of nondeep-learning techniques and organizes the rapidly growing research in domain adaptation based on deep learning. It also highlights some drawbacks with the current state of research in this area and offers directions for future research.
Website Designs for Communicating About Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke.

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act requires the US government to inform the public about the quantities of toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke. A website can accomplish this task ...
Cellular Repair and Assessment of UV-B Radiation Damage

Repair processes act on the cellular damage produced by UV-B radiation to modify its final effects by a large factor. Consequently any alteration of conditions which changes the extent or efficacy of repairs affects UV-B action on organisms, and the relation of controlled experiments to responses expected in the field. Such repair modulations—well recognized in bacteria—can occur by induction of further repair capacities in the cell, by interactions between different recovery mechanisms, or by changed timing of repairs relative to cellular pathology. They are known, but less well described, in animal cells, and up to now have been little investigated in plant systems. Even without full understanding of these processes, some account can be taken of them in evaluating UV-B effects.
UBIU for Multilingual Coreference Resolution in OntoNotes

The current work presents the participation of UBIU (Zhekova and Kubler, 2010) in the CoNLL-2012 Shared Task: Modeling Multilingual Unrestricted Coreference in OntoNotes (Pradhan et al., 2012). Our system deals with all three languages: Arabic, Chinese and English. The system results show that UBIU works reliably across all three languages, reaching an average score of 40.57 for Arabic, 46.12 for Chinese, and 48.70 for English. For Arabic and Chinese, the system produces high precision, while for English, precision and recall are balanced, which leads to the highest results across languages.
A data-driven framework to new product demand prediction: Integrating product differentiation and transfer learning approach

Abstract Predicting the demand for a new product at early stages is crucial in determining successful product designs. However, the lack of market and consumer related data during the early stages make demand prediction incredibly difficult and unreliable, often underestimating or overestimating the product’s demand. With increasing global competition and shortening product life-cycle, almost all the new products have some amount of commonality (differentiation) in their design which presents an opportunity to learn from the abundant data available from the predecessor product. In this work, we developed a novel integrated approach for demand prediction, utilizing weighted product differentiation index between the new and the predecessor products and the prior knowledge of the historical demand for the predecessor. The proposed integrated framework employs advanced machine learning algorithms to first model the non-linear and non-stationary relationship between market demand and product differentiation (thus the product design), which we refer as demand differentiation index (DDI) and then utilize this relationship for predicting the initial demand of the new product in early stages. We further propose DDI modified exponential weighted moving average, DDI-EWMA for product life-cycle demand prediction. The efficacy of the model is demonstrated using real data from the automobile industry.
A Mechanistic Model for Attrition of Particles in Flow Systems

Particle-particle contact affects many industrial systems such as powder processing, particle handling, and slurry flows. The control of fracture processes during contact is the key to the success of these systems. Many investigators have studied fracture of materials due to the contact between particles (Shipway and Hutchings, 1993). There are many correlations between the contact load and the amount of damage observed. However, until recently, the specific mechanism of damage was still unknown. This paper reports the experimental results and analytical models for the contact of brittle spheres in several contact configurations. Fracture analysis is used to determine the cause of failure and the stress at the failure site. The mechanism of failure is primarily Mode I (tensile) crack propagation. The location of failure is shown to be influenced by Young’s modulus, the radius of curvature and the method of contact. The fracture origin for a single glass sphere compressed by two flats is at the equat or and for a single glass sphere compressed by three spheres or by either a flat or sphere is at the contact points. Fracture originates from the contact point for alumina spheres for all testing configurations. The experimental stress is in agreement with theoretical predictions once the location of the primary fracture origin is known. Results for soda-lime-silica and borosilicate glasses and alumina balls are reported. The significance of the location of failure origin to the processing of particles are discussed.
Maximizing agility envelopes for reaction wheel spacecraft

Spacecraft agility is limited by the maximum torque that reaction wheels can provide. Therefore, a reaction wheel array is typically configured to maximize the inscribed sphere of the reaction whee...
Correlating web usage of health information with patient medical data.

Abstract The number of online websites providing health-related information to the general public increases daily. Yet, it is relatively unknown as to how individuals in the general population access information with respect to their own medical status. In this study, clickstream data from an online health information website is analyzed with respect to the user's health insurance claims. The relationships are assessed through the construction and study of intersecting sets of ICD-9 codes in visited web pages and claims made. Results demonstrate that approximately 15% of patients use health information on the web in exact agreement with their medical status. In addition, almost 40 codes were found to be indicative of temporal aspects in user behavior with respect to physician visits.
Mechanical properties of polymer grafted nanoparticle composites

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites have improved mechanical, optical and thermal properties compared to traditional thermoplastics. To study the impact of grafted brush–matrix interactions on the mechanical properties of nanoparticle filled polymers, uniaxial tensile testing with digital image correlation (DIC) was done on polystyrene (PS) grafted SiO2 in low molecular weight (MW) (N ∼ P), N = degree of polymerization of grafted brush, P = degree of polymerization of matrix, and high MW (2N = P) matrices at different loadings. The low matrix MW composites had higher strength than high MW composites at high loading but lower strength than the pure matrix. The high matrix MW composites had higher toughness at low loadings. SEM images of fracture surfaces revealed particle debonding and plastic void growth in the high toughness samples. The results show that the P/N ratio of polymer grafted nanoparticle composites is important for controlling the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites.
Lessons Learned from Arti—Collaborating to Improve Care: the Past, Present, and Future of the Cancer and Aging Research Group

Dr Arti Hurria, who died tragically in November 2018, was a driving force in the growing field of geriatric oncology. She led the field through her commitment to her goals, collaboration with her colleagues, and the creation of the Cancer and Aging Research Group (CARG). As two of her closest colleagues, we are carrying her work forward with our colleagues through an infrastructure grant we led with Arti from the National Institute on Aging (R21/33; CARinG). This grant will provide a national structure for continuing to build the field through research, mentorship, and dissemination. We miss our friend dearly but are committed to carrying her legacy forward through CARG. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:879-883, 2019.
Mice with a D190N mutation in the gene encoding rhodopsin: a model for human autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

Rhodopsin is the G protein-coupled receptor in charge of initiating signal transduction in rod photoreceptor cells upon the arrival of the photon. D190N (RhoD190n), a missense mutation in rhodopsin, causes autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) in humans. Affected patients present hyperfluorescent retinal rings and progressive rod photoreceptor degeneration. Studies in humans cannot reveal the molecular processes causing the earliest stages of the condition, thus necessitating the creation of an appropriate animal model. A knock-in mouse model with the D190N mutation was engineered to study the pathogenesis of the disease. Electrophysiological and histological findings in the mouse were similar to those observed in human patients, and the hyperfluorescence pattern was analogous to that seen in humans, confirming that the D190N mouse is an accurate model for the study of adRP.
Corn and soybean grain yield responses to soil amendments and cover crop in upland soils

A field study was conducted on upland soils for six years to determine interactive effects of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop, organic and inorganic soil amendments on grain yields a...
A Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease and Heart Failure with Preserved

The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased over the past few decades. The coexistence of HFPEF and CKD is common. HFPEF patients with any degree of CKD are at increased risk of mortality and conversely cardiovascular causes are the most common reason for mortality in CKD patients. The interplay between CKD and HFPEF is complex due to bidirectional pathophysiological and clinical effects of one disease on the other, e.g. the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The cardio-renal syndrome is mediated and accentuated by several mechanisms including hemodynamic, neurohormonal, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic factors. Cardiovascular and kidney disease share similar risk factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellites, obesity, anemia and hyperkalemia. Due to lack of consensus approaches, the medical management of patients with concomitant HFPEF and CKD remains challenging. Adoption of preventative strategies, utilization of newer biomarkers to recognize early injury and collaboration between cardiologist and nephrologist are essential for management of this unique patient population.
The war with the Ottoman Empire: the centenary history of Australia and the Great War, vol. 2

There has been a tremendous amount of scholarship generated with the passing of a century since Europe and the world erupted in the Great War. Historians and writers of all kinds have made their co...
Near Field Imaging for RF Scattering Analysis

We present a method for computing a fully focused image that includes radiative near field effects. These effects can be important when imaging targets with RF data under geometrical conditions in which the curvature of the electromagnetic wavefront cannot be ignored. We have found the technique to be useful for identifying scattering sources on complex targets, and for comparing simulated radar signatures with measured data. We believe the method can also serve to provide benchmarks for comparison with tactical imaging algorithms that may rely on approximations to achieve real time performance.
The Construct Validity of Distress Intolerance: Is it Distinct from Demoralization and Negative Emotionality?

Distress intolerance has been studied as a transdiagnostic mechanism implicated in a variety of forms of psychopathology and psychological treatments. Although past research has largely supported the separability of distress intolerance from related constructs, some evidence indicates that it overlaps to a meaningful degree with demoralization and negative emotionality, two affect-laden psychopathology-vulnerability factors. The goal of the current study was to clarify the position of the distress intolerance construct in a nomological network that includes demoralization and negative emotionality. Using a sample of 402 undergraduate students, we performed confirmatory factor analyses to examine the underlying structure of distress intolerance, demoralization, and negative emotionality. We also conducted zero-order correlational and hierarchical regression analyses to examine whether distress intolerance predicts unique variance in theoretically relevant psychological constructs above and beyond demoralization and negative emotionality. Results indicated that, although distress intolerance, demoralization, and negative emotionality demonstrate similar patterns of associations with external criteria, the constructs are structurally distinct and distress intolerance accounts for unique variance in psychological outcomes. Overall, our findings support the construct validity of distress intolerance as empirically separable from both demoralization and negative emotionality. Clinical implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Accuracy of Self-reported Colonic Polyps: Results from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Screening Trial Study of Colonoscopy Utilization.

Background: Colonoscopy follow-up recommendations depend on the presence or absence of polyps, and if found, their number, size, and histology. Patients may be responsible for conveying results between primary and specialty care or providing medical information to family members; thus, accurate reporting is critical. This analysis assessed the accuracy of self-reported colonoscopy findings. Methods: 3,986 participants from the Study of Colonoscopy Utilization, an ancillary study nested within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Screening Trial, were included. Self-reports of polyp and adenoma were compared to medical records, and measures of sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Correlates of accurate self-report of polyp were assessed using logistic regression and weighted to account for study sampling. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported polyp findings were 88% and 85%, respectively, and for adenoma 11% and 99%, respectively. Among participants with a polyp, older age was associated with lower likelihood while polyp severity and non-white race were associated with increased likelihood of accurate recall. Among participants without a polyp, having multiple colonoscopies was associated with lower likelihood while family history of colorectal cancer was associated with increased likelihood of accurate recall. Among both groups, longer time since colonoscopy was associated with lower likelihood of accurate recall. Conclusions: Participants recalled with reasonable accuracy whether they had a prior polyp; however, recall of histology, specifically adenoma, was much less accurate. Impact: Identification of strategies to increase accurate self-report of colonic polyps are needed, particularly for patient–provider communications and patient reporting of results to family members.
Total synthesis and conformational study of ovalifoliolatin B

Abstract The diaryletherheptanoid natural product, ovalifoliolatin B, was synthesized. The synthesis features a regioselective reduction of a conjugated dienone and an intramolecular Ullmann etherification. The conformation of the natural product was studied by dynamic NMR methods and by X-ray crystallography. Although the natural product structure is strained, it has a relatively low barrier for interconversion of enantiomeric conformations.
RTD-SEPs: Real-time detection of stem emerging points and classification of crop-weed for robotic weed control in producing tomato

A novel technique for enabling robotic weed control in a commercial processing tomato field having densely populated weeds is described. It is necessary to accurately locate the stem emerging points (SEPs) of crop plants for the successful application of a mechanical weeding actuator to remove weeds during automated weeding. However, it is a difficult and challenging task to locate the SEPs in complex natural scenarios such as when the main stem is occluded by weeds or crop foliage, the crop plants are lying on the soil surface, there are non-uniform planting bed conditions, or there is leaf damage due to insects etc. To overcome these challenges a novel crop signalling concept has been proposed to mark the crop plants at planting to make them machine-readable. Plants lacking this crop signal were classified as weeds and removed by the robotic weed knife actuator. A machine-vision algorithm was developed to analyse the seven views of the crop plants taken by camera with help of a specially designed imaging chamber and locate the SEPs of tomato plants, which was passed to the robotic weed knife control algorithm to remove weeds. The algorithm was successfully detected and located the main stems of tomato plants in outdoor environment with success rate of 99.19% while traveling at a speed of 3.2 km h−1 with a processing time for all views of 30 ms f−1.
An Exploration of Production Efficiency and Standardization in Upcycled Designs

Upcycling is a sustainable design approach that provides designers with the opportunity to reassess the value of a discarded material. While designers can remanufacture fragments to create original garments by making use of this post-consumer waste, one challenge is to standardize one garment into a set or series as conventionally designed and produced clothing since secondhand material supplies are irregular and quantities unpredictable (Gwilt & Rissanen, 2011). By using secondhand men’s tailored jackets and neckties to create an eveningwear collection, this design research explores the use of upcycling, combined with cultural inspiration, to further determine the potential of production efficiency and standardization of these garments. Furthermore, all the fabrics from the original jackets have been utilized to create the new designs, despite small trimming for appropriate fit, in order to prevent any further textile waste.
Developing Students Global Mindset: An Event-Based Approach

Teaching and learning international business requires a broad and integrated perspective. This manuscript discusses a pedagogical exercise students have undertaken that is both broad and integrated...
Converting to Open Access. The Austrian Journal of Political Science (OZP) as a case study

Open Access is a simple idea that has resulted in a confusing landscape of business models, competing policy prescriptions, and vested interests. Academic debates about the pros and cons of Open Access publishing often lack insights into the operational needs for setting up an Open Access publication. This is true particularly for the social sciences, where experiences with Open Access from the production side still seem sparse. Covering the period between 2010 and 2015, this article recapitulates one of the few cases where an existing academic journal in political science has been converted to an Open Access publication. The Austrian Journal of Political Science (OZP) is an Open Access journal since 2015; and it was the academic community that conducted the conversion process. Remaking the OZP may thus entail some broader lessons for the social sciences communities about what is important in Open Access publishing.
Capecitabine-induced activation of actinic keratosis: A common but underrecognized adverse event

Abstract We report a case of a 70-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy with capecitabine for breast cancer who presented with a diffuse erythematous facial eruption, consistent with actinic keratosis activation. The emergence of subclinical actinic keratosis with capecitabine treatment is most likely due to this medication being a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, a commonly used topical treatment for actinic keratosis. Since this adverse reaction is usually self-resolving and can be easily treated, chemotherapy cessation is usually not recommended. Awareness and prompt recognition of this potential adverse effect of capecitabine can prevent discontinuation or delay of chemotherapy.
Appendectomy and Cholecystectomy Outcomes for Pediatric Cancer Patients with Leukopenia: A NSQIP-pediatric Study.

Abstract Background Children with cancer often develop leukopenia which may impair wound healing and increase surgical complication rates. When leukopenic children with cancer develop an acute surgical condition, the optimal management strategy remains unclear. This study examined the effect of preoperative leukopenia on postoperative outcomes in children with cancer who underwent an appendectomy or cholecystectomy. Methods We retrospectively identified cancer patients undergoing an appendectomy or cholecystectomy from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database from 2012-2018. Demographics and perioperative characteristics were compared by leukopenia status (WBC Results There were 227 children who underwent an appendectomy and 101 children who underwent a cholecystectomy. Leukopenia was seen in 93 (41.0%) appendectomy and 57 (56.4%) cholecystectomy cases. Nineteen (8.4%) appendectomy patients and six (5.9%) cholecystectomy patients developed a postoperative complication. The median postoperative LOS was 2 days (IQR 1-6 days) for appendectomy and 1 day (IQR 1-2.5 days) for cholecystectomy cases. After multivariate analyses, leukopenia was not associated with increased postoperative complications after an appendectomy (OR 0.55, P = 0.36) or cholecystectomy (OR 0.39, P = 0.37). There was no significant difference in postoperative LOS based on leukopenia status for children who underwent an appendectomy (P = 0.82) or cholecystectomy (P = 0.37). Conclusion In pediatric cancer patients, leukopenia was not associated with increased short-term postoperative complications or longer postoperative LOS after either an appendectomy or cholecystectomy. These results support that operative management can be performed safely in pediatric appendicitis and cholecystitis in leukopenic cancer patients.
Al-Qaeda and the Rise of Global Jihad

The call to jihad, which was issued in response to the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan, becomes the first contemporary example of what could be legitimately defined as an example of defensive jihad. Afghanistan, a Muslim country was now under attack by a non-Muslim country, which represented a fundamental assault on Islam and its people. Though the initial call to jihad was issued by domestic Afghan Islamic parties as a result of the actions of the communist lead government of Afghanistan in the mid-1970s, its global significance did not appear until after the Soviet military invaded the country to prop up a communist ally. The Soviet presence in that country provided the pretext for Muslims from all over the region to join the fight. However, the actual involvement and effectiveness of those small groups of Arab foreign fighters, who actually traveled to Afghanistan to heed this call, played a very small role in the outcome of the Soviet defeat at the hands of the Afghan mujahidin. However, in the last days of that conflict, a small group of Arab fighters, led by Osama bin Laden, would emerge and become the initial members of al-Qaeda and give birth to the possibility of global jihad.
Multimedia Resources Search Service System of Preschool Education Based on Augmented Reality Technology

The search and utilization of multimedia network teaching resources is a work that cannot be ignored in information education. Based on the in-depth study of the content characteristics of multimedia network teaching resources, this paper develops a multimedia network teaching resource search system for basic education. Based on the automatic analysis of content, structure, and theme of images, videos, and Flash related to basic education in the Web, establish a basic education multimedia network teaching resource index database, increase indexing depth, and use conditional retrieval and natural language fuzzy query. The combined method realizes a basic education multimedia network teaching resource search system based on content characteristics, and provides a good platform for effective use of multimedia network teaching resources.
Chapter One Genomics: New tools to analyze genetic and biochemical diversity

Publisher Summary The genomics era is revolutionizing the ability to gather and analyze data. There is a dependency on detailed observations of individual genes and proteins for maximal insights, but expression patterns and protein composition can be surveyed on a massively parallel scale. Emergent properties of cells and organisms will be more apparent as integration between the detail of the fine scale approach and the patterns of expression of many genes, proteins, and metabolites becomes possible. It will remain an outstanding challenge for phytochemists to match particular genes to pathways, given the extent of duplication of key enzymes with similar or even identical functions in vitro . Given the importance of secondary metabolites to plant survival and reproduction, the investment in analyzing pathway composition, regulation, and evolution should be exceptionally useful in understanding the mode and tempo of evolution within the flowering plants.
Suboptimal Statin Adherence and Discontinuation in Primary and Secondary Prevention Populations

OBJECTIVES: To compare statin nonadherence and discontinuation rates of primary and secondary prevention populations and to identify factors that may affect those suboptimal medication-taking behaviors.
Coupled-enzyme and direct assays for uroporphyrinogen III synthase activity in human erythrocytes and cultured lymphoblasts. Enzymatic diagnosis of heterozygotes and homozygotes with congenital erythropoietic porphyria.

Abstract Rapid and reproducible assays for uroporphyrinogen III synthase (URO-S; EC 4.2.1.75) have been developed and used to determine the enzymatic activity in human erythrocytes and cultured lymphoid cells. In the coupled-enzyme assay, porphobilinogen was first converted to hydroxymethylbilane, the natural substrate for URO-S, by hydroxymethylbilane synthase which was conveniently obtained from heat-treated erythrocyte lysates. In the direct assay, synthetic hydroxymethylbilane was used as substrate. In both assays, the uroporphyrinogen reaction products were oxidized to their respective uroporphyrin isomers, which were then resolved and quantitated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Both assays were optimized for pH, substrate concentration, and linearity with time and protein concentration. The mean URO-S activities in normal human erythrocyte lysates determined by the coupled-enzyme and direct assays were 7.41 ± 1.35 and 7.64 ± 1.73 units/mg protein, respectively. In normal human cultured lymphoid cells, the mean activities were 13.7 ± 1.39 and 17.6 ± 1.15 units/mg protein for the coupled-enzyme and direct assays, respectively. In four families with congenital erythropoietic porphyria, both assays reliably identified the markedly decreased URO-S activities in erythrocytes and cultured lymphoid cells from affected homozygotes and the half-normal activities in these sources from obligate heterozygotes. The coupled-enzyme assay was easier to perform and was suited for clinical diagnostic assays and for monitoring enzyme purification procedures, while the direct assay, which required substrate preparation and technical dexterity, was best for kinetic studies of URO-S.
Fusion of inclusions following superinfection of HeLa cells by two serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis.

Abstract We used a double-label immunofluorescence assay to examine the ability of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar F to infect and develop within HeLa 229 cells previously infected with serovar E. No exclusion to superinfection occurred for up to 24 h following infection by serovar E. The percentage of HeLa cells infected in cultures inoculated with both strains was identical to that of cells in cultures inoculated with one strain as a control. Organisms of both serovars were located within the same intracellular inclusion in 88 to 95% of HeLa cells infected with both serovars. The proportion of superinfected HeLa cells containing both strains in separate inclusions increased when there was exposure to inhibitors of cytoskeletal structure and transport. We used this inhibition to demonstrate that fusion of C. trachomatis phagosomes occurs throughout the developmental cycle.
A path ordering for proving termination of term rewriting systems

A new partial ordering scheme for proving uniform termination of term rewriting systems is presented. The basic idea is that two terms are compared by comparing the paths through them. It is shown that the ordering is a well-founded simplification ordering and also a strict extension of the recursive path ordering scheme of Dershowitz. Terms can be compared under this path ordering in polynomial time.
A Procedure for Soft Tissue Foreign Body Removal under Real-Time Ultrasound Guidance

ABSTRACT A 16-year-old, dependant, female patient presented to the emergency department complaining of a sewing needle stuck in her right great toe. The needle was removed with real-time ultrasound guidance, with no complications. The use of ultrasonography for localization of foreign bodies is discussed.
Circadian phase shifts to neuropeptide Y in vitro: Cellular communication and signal transduction

Mammalian circadian rhythms originate in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), from which rhythmic neural activity can be recorded in vitro. Application of neurochemicals can reset this rhythm. Here we determine cellular correlates of the phase-shifting properties of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the hamster circadian clock in vitro. Drug or control treatments were applied to hypothalamic slices containing the SCN on the first day in vitro. The firing rates of individual cells were sampled on the second day in vitro. Control slices exhibited a peak in firing rate in the middle of the day. Microdrop application of NPY to the SCN phase advanced the time of peak firing rate. This phase-shifting effect of NPY was not altered by block of sodium channels with tetrodotoxin or block of calcium channels with cadmium and nickel, consistent with a direct postsynaptic site of action. Pretreatment with the glutamate receptor antagonists (DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione disodium) also did not alter phase shifts to NPY. Blocking GABAA receptors with bicuculline (Bic) had effects only at very high (millimolar) doses of Bic, whereas blocking GABAB receptors did not alter effects of NPY. Phase shifts to NPY were blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting that PKC activation may be necessary for these effects. Bathing the slice in low Ca2+/high Mg2+ can block phase shifts to NPY, possibly via a depolarizing action. A depolarizing high K+ bath can also block NPY phase shifts. The results are consistent with direct action of NPY on pacemaker neurons, mediated through a signal transduction pathway that depends on activation of PKC.
Cell-extrinsic effects of the tumor unfolded protein response on myeloid cells and T cells

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of tumor immunity and growth. The origin of tumor-derived signals that instruct myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment is only partially understood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, or unfolded protein response (UPR), provides survival advantages to tumor growth. However, the cell-extrinsic effects of the tumor UPR on immune cells have not been explored. Our laboratory recently showed that the tumor UPR can be transmitted by yet unidentified factor(s) to myeloid cells, macrophages, and DCs. ER stress transmission to receiver myeloid cells upregulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and contextually of arginase I, leading to a proinflammatory/suppressive phenotype. DCs imprinted by tumor-borne ER stress transmissible factor(s) have decreased cross-presentation of antigen and defective cross-priming, causing T cell activation without proliferation. When DCs imprinted by transmissible ER stress are admixed with tumor cells and injected in vivo, facilitation of tumor growth is observed. Thus, tumor-borne ER stress plays a hitherto unappreciated role at the tumor/immune interface that ultimately facilitates tumor growth.
Non-equilibrium operation of arsenic diffused long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe photodiodes

We have fabricated large area P+/pi/N+ devices in HgCdTe material with 10 mum cut-off at 78 K by molecular beam epitaxy. We have demonstrated a unique planar device architecture using a novel approach in obtaining low arsenic doping concentrations in HgCdTe. Results indicate Auger suppression in P+/pi/N+ devices at 300K and lower temperatures. A principal challenge was to obtain a low p-type doping level in the pi region. This paper will discuss a novel approach in obtaining low arsenic doping concentrations and present device results demonstrating Auger suppression.
On sex allocation and selfing in higher plants

Sex allocation (male allocation/female allocation) as a function of selfing rate is studied in the wild riceOryza perennis. Using dry weight measures, the male/female ratio is linearly related to the selfing rate. This linear relationship may have a fairly radical interpretation in terms of current sex allocation theory. It suggests that the intermediate selfing rates are themselves maintained by a form of frequency dependence. In particular, the linearity suggests: (i) the relative fitness of a selfed versus outcrossed offspring decreases with increased selfing; (ii) in equilibrium, a selfed offspring is approximately half as fit as an outcrossed offspring; (iii) the frequency dependence, being the opposite of that proposed in most selfing models, may result from the same forces thought to be involved in the maintenance of sex itself, and (iv) the position of the fitted line contains information about the plant's use of wind pollination for male reproduction. It suggests that wind shows much less mixing of pollen than previously assumed, and/or that there are severe morphological constraints on pollen presentation. The above interpretations are clearly speculative and tentative. Possible problems in the analysis, and some alternatives for data interpretation are discussed.
The Predictability of Retention in Economics

In spite of the work of Phillip Saunders and others, many questions remain regarding the extent to which students retain what they have “learned” in economics courses. In this report Craig and O'Neill add to the meager knowledge we have of the residual impact of economics instruction. They compare the retention by students exposed to traditional methods with those getting a self-instruction approach. Student attitudes toward the course are also considered. One of the unsurprising—but important—conclusions is that “people remember things which interest them.”