cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma Adiponectin Levels are Associated with Insulin Sensitivity in Stroke Survivors

Objective Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing adipokine produced by adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between adiponectin and glucose metabolism in stroke survivors and to compare adiponectin levels between patients with stroke and nonstroke control subjects similar in age, sex, and body mass index. Methods In all, 52 stroke survivors (35 men, 17 women) and 33 nonstroke control subjects (22 men, 11 women) had plasma adiponectin levels measured by RIA, an oral glucose tolerance test, and a peak oxygen consumption–graded treadmill test. Insulin resistance (IR) and insulin sensitivity were assessed using the homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI M ). Results Adiponectin levels were positively associated with age ( r = 0.32, P r = –0.42; insulin: r = –0.36; Glucose at 120min : r = –0.39; HOMA-IR: r = –0.45; and ISI M : r = 0.44, all P v 9.56 ± 0.99 v 5.75 ± 1.55 ng/mL, P v 5.80 ± 0.40 ng/mL, P P M was 81% lower in stroke survivors than control subjects ( P Conclusions Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with age and insulin sensitivity but not adiposity in stroke survivors. The paradoxical finding that the more IR stroke survivors had higher adiponectin levels than more insulin-sensitive control subjects suggests that perhaps anti-inflammatory cytokines increase to counter an inflamed and IR state in stroke survivors.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Anti Jka Specificity in a Patient Taking Aldomet

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin 5.2 g, reticulocyte count 31.0 per cent) developed in a 53-year-old hypertensive woman who was taking Aldomet. Both the patient's serum and the eluate prepared from her red blood cells contained an antibody with anti-Jka specificity. Rapid sustained improvement in the anemia occurred after cessation of Aldomet and a two week course of prednisone therapy. Eight months later, anti-Jka was no longer detectable in the patient's serum and the direct antiglobulin test was nonreactive.
Frequency of Adverse Events Associated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients with Pemphigus or Pemphigoid

Background:Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is widely used in immune-mediated diseases as an immunomodulatory agent and is considered to be a safe biologic agent.Objective:To determine the frequency of adverse events associated with IVIG therapy in patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data on patients treated with IVIG for pemphigus and pemphigoid over a 10 year period. Patients had pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, or bullous pemphigoid. IVIG was given according to a published protocol at a dose of 2 g/kg administered over 3–5 days at prescribed intervals. Patient records were reviewed for information on sex, age, duration of treatment, number of cycles given, number of days each patient received IVIG, weight of each patient, IVIG dose each patient received per infusion, and early or delayed adverse effects reported by patients or observed by healthcare providers.Results:We identified 9892 infusions given to 174 patients. H...
Trends in Intussusception Hospitalizations Among US Infants, 1993–2004: Implications for Monitoring the Safety of the New Rotavirus Vaccination Program

OBJECTIVES. In 2006, a new rotavirus vaccine was recommended for routine immunization of US infants. Because a previous rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn in 1999 after it was associated with intussusception, monitoring for this adverse event with the new vaccine is important. The objectives of this study were to assess intussusception hospitalizations trends among US infants for 1993 to 2004; provide estimates of hospitalization rates for intussusception for 2002–2004; and assess variations in background rates by age, race/ethnicity, and surgical management. METHODS. By using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project9s State Inpatient Database that captures US hospital discharges from 16 states representing 49% of the birth cohort during 1993–2004 and from 35 states representing 85% of the birth cohort in 2002–2004, we examined hospitalizations among infants ( RESULTS. Annual intussusception hospitalization rates declined 25% from 1993 to 2004 but have remained stable at ∼35 cases per 100000 infants since 2000. Rates were very low for infants younger than 9 weeks ( CONCLUSIONS. This assessment of US hospitalizations provides up-to-date and nationally representative prevaccine rates of intussusception. Because rates varied almost 12-fold by week of age and to a lesser extent by race/ethnicity during the age of vaccination, adjusting baseline rates to reflect the demographics of the vaccinated population will be crucial for assessing risk for intussusception after rotavirus vaccination.
Low Cohomogeneity Representations and Orbit Maximal Actions

An orthogonal representation of a compact Lie group is called polar if thereexists a linear subspace which meets all orbits orthogonally.It has been shown by Conlon that one can associate a Coxeter groupto such a representation.From this, an upper bound for the cohomogeneity of an irreduciblepolar representation can be derived.Another property of irreducible polar representations isthat the action restricted to the unit spherehas maximal orbits in the sense that any action having largerorbits is transitive.We give a classification of orbit maximal actions on spheresand use it to show that irreducible polar representations arecharacterized by these two properties.
Development of a modified Runge-Kutta scheme with TVD limiters for the ideal two-dimensional MHD equations

A fourth-order modified Runge-Kutta scheme augmented with TVD models have been developed to solve the ideal two-dimensional MHD equations. The numerical scheme is applied to supersonic flow within a channel including compression and expansion corners in the current investigation. The flowfield includes oblique shocks, expansion waves, shock reflections, shock/expansion interactions, and secondary wave patterns due to magnetic field. The solutions are compared to analytical solutions when available. The numerical scheme is shown to be accurate with ability to capture physical phenomena occurring in the flowfield without any or with minimum oscillations in the solution.
A CFD Simulation of the Flow Field of a Power Law Fluid in an Eccentric Annulus

A numerical computation of a power law fluid flowing in an eccentric annulus is done using the software PHOENICS in which a orthogonal grid,a turbulent flow model and a wall function are adopted.The effect of the flowing parameters of the power law fluid and the eccentricity on the flowing velocity and pressure distribution is analyzed.The simulation results show that the orthogonal grid,turbulent flow pattern and wall function can be used to characterize the flow in an eccentric annulus,and this simulation provides a theoretical basis for the computation of eccentric annular flow.
Fractal aluminum Cayley-trees to design plasmonic ultraviolet photodetectors

Plasmonic ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have witnessed ongoing and tremendous enhancements in quantum efficiency and responsivity. Here, we go beyond regular plasmonic detectors by using periodic arrays of fractal aluminum nanostructures as Cayley trees deposited on a Ga 2 O 3 substrate to generate photocurrent. We show that the proposed aluminum Cayley trees are able to support and intensify strong broad plasmon resonant modes across the UV to the visible spectrum. It is shown that the Cayley trees can be tailored to facilitate strong absorption at high energies (short wavelengths), resulting formation of hot carriers. Having perfect compatibility to operate at the UV spectrum, fractal aluminum structures and Ga 2 O 3 substrate help to increase the produced photocurrent remarkably. Presence of Ga 2 O 3 layer blue-shifts the peak of absorption to higher energies and helps to generate hot carriers at deeper UV wavelengths.
Defect Accumulation, Amorphization and Nanostructure Modification of Ceramics

A long-standing objective in materials research is to understand and control the dynamic response of ceramic structures to energy deposition from irradiation. The design of radiation tolerant materials and creation of new functional materials by ion beam modification demand a comprehensive understanding and predictive models of energy deposition , transfer and exchange processes within and between the electronic and atomic subsystems. The exchange of energy between electrons and ions can act to dampen the ionic motion, to inhibit or enhance defect production, or to reduce damage accumulation. Understanding the materials response to both electronic and nuclear energy deposition is a challenge of materials science in diverse fields.
Simultaneous Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis for Two Level Structural Equation Models on EQS

This paper summarizes an internal EM type algorithm implemented in EQS software for two-level structural equation models with simultaneous mean and covariance structures. A practical example illustrates the model set for an EQS run, and gives an explanation of EQS output.
Will Medicare Readmission Penalties Motivate Hospitals to Reduce Arthroplasty Readmissions

Abstract Background The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recently imposed penalties against hospitals with above-average 30-day readmission rates following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Hospitals must decide whether investments in readmission prevention are worthwhile. This study examines the financial incentives associated with unplanned readmissions before and after invocation of these penalties. Methods Financial data were reviewed for 2028 consecutive primary TJAs performed on Medicare beneficiaries over a 2-year period at an urban academic health system. Readmission penalties were estimated in accordance with CMS policies. Results Unplanned readmissions generated a $4416 median contribution margin. The initial hospitalizations (when the TJA was performed) were financially unfavorable for patients subsequently readmitted relative to those not readmitted due to increased costs of care ( P = .002), but these costs were more than outweighed by the increased reimbursement earned during the readmission ( P P Conclusion If our results are generalizable, unplanned Medicare readmissions have traditionally been financially beneficial, but CMS penalties outweigh this benefit. Thus, penalties should incentivize institutions to maintain below-average arthroplasty readmissions rates.
Vorticity, Incompressibility, and Boundary Conditions in the Numerical Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations*

We examine the effects of incompressinility and boundary conditions on vorticity development for the Navier-Stokes equations. These are illustrated by numerical results for driven cavity flows.
Regression of Disc-Osteophyte Complexes Following Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy with Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Background Laminectomy with fusion (LF) and laminoplasty are two posterior-based surgical approaches for the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The decompressive effect of these approaches is thought to be primarily related to the dorsal drift of the spinal cord away from ventral compressive structures. A lesser known mechanism of spinal cord decompression following cervical LF is regression of the ventral disc osteophyte complexes which is postulated to result from the alteration of motion across the fused motion segment. The goal of this study was to determine whether regression of the ventral disc-osteophyte complexes occur following laminoplasty and compare the magnitude of this occurrence to cervical laminectomy and fusion. Methods Seventy patients with CSM who underwent pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were treated with either laminoplasty or LF. The size of the disc-osteophyte complex at all operative levels were measured on pre- and postoperative MRI using digital calipers. Results The laminoplasty group consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 54.9 and a mean of 3.24 surgical levels while the LF group consisted of 45 patients with an average age of 65.4 and a mean of 3.44 surgical levels (age, p Conclusions In patients with CSM that had a posterior surgical approach, LF is associated with a larger interval regression in disc-osteophyte complex size compared to laminoplasty. This is likely related to the loss of motion of the cervical spine after surgery as governed by Wolff’s law and the Heuter-Volkmann’s principle. Although the decompressive effect of LF and laminoplasty is primarily related to the dorsal drift of the spinal cord away from ventral compressive structures, disc-osteophyte complex regression likely provides another mechanism of spinal cord decompression.
Is Active Transportation Associated with Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes Among Minority Women

Background Active transportation (AT) is a form of physical activity (PA), which improves cardiometabolic risk factors among non-Hispanic white adults in the United States. However, research among minority women is sparse. This study explored associations between AT and cardiometabolic risk factors among urban African American and Hispanic women (N=410). Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from the Health is Power study, a randomized controlled trial conducted in Houston and Austin, Texas (2006–2008) to increase PA or fruit and vegetable consumption among minority women. The sample comprised 63% African American and 37% Hispanic/Latina women (N=367 M=45.0±9.4 years). Sociodemographics (ethnicity, age, education, household income) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes per week spent in AT and total PA were measured via interviewer administered questionnaire. Cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], resting heart rate [RHR], systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressures [DBP]) were collected using established protocols. Unadjusted bivariate associations and associations adjusted for covariates (sociodemographics, site, total PA minus AT) between dichotomized AT use (any AT use [n=159] versus no AT use [n=208]) and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined. Results Participants reported mean AT MET-min/wk of 219.86±827.3. AT use was not significantly related to sociodemographic factors. AT users reported more AT MET-min/wk (M=507.5±1199.4) and total PA (M=3408.5±3930.0 MET-min/wk) than non-users (M=2324.3±3552.9 MET-min/wk; t(365)=-2.77, p=.006). When comparing PA levels excluding AT, the PA levels of AT users remained higher (M=2901.0±3499.0 MET-min/wk), though this difference was not significant (p=.122). SBP was lower for AT users (M=122.8±18.9) compared to non-users (M=125.0±13.4), but not significantly so (p=.208). AT was not associated with BMI, RHR, BF%, SBP, or DBP (all ps>.05). Conclusions Results showed no significant associations between AT use and cardiometabolic outcomes; however, SBP was slightly lower for AT users. Mean MET-min/wk of AT use was slightly lower than the minimum recommended PA guideline of 600 MET-min/wk to achieve health benefits with most (82%) AT users falling below 500 MET-min/wk. Total PA for both AT users and non-users was well above recommended guidelines, demonstrating small doses of AT may not provide additional benefits when meeting current recommendations. Further research should investigate the presence of a dose response in larger samples with participants engaging in higher levels of AT. This study was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (1R01CA109403) to Dr. Rebecca E. Lee and Jonas Scholar Nurse Leader Cohort 2016–2018 to Elizabeth Lorenzo.
A Vendor-Buyer Supply Chain Model with an Imperfect Production System and Standby Key Modules

An integrated vendor-buyer supply chain production-inventory model with a vendor and a buyer is considered in the paper. The buyer adopts a continuous review and fixed order lot size policy to deal with a product with stochastic demands. We assume that unmet demands are backordered. A vendor produces and supplies the product to the buyer. A lot-for-lot replenishment policy is implemented between the two parties. When the buyer's reorder point is reached, an order will be placed, and a production run will be started at the vendor when the order is received. The vendor's production system is not perfect during a production run and is affected by a key module. The production system may shift from an in-control state to an out-out-control state when the key module has deteriorated. As a result, defective items may be produced. The vendor can keep standbys of the key module to improve the production system reliability. An iterative solution procedure is developed to obtain a near-optimal solution for the optimal number of standby key modules for the vendor, and the order quantity and the reorder point for the buyer.
Effect of Push-Up Position on Wrist Joint Pressures in the Intact Wrist and Following Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Sectioning.

Purpose To determine the contact pressures between the scaphoid and lunate and the distal radius during 2 wrist push-up positions before and following scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) sectioning. Methods Eight fresh cadaveric wrists were tested in a neutral flexion-extension (knuckle) push-up position and in an extended push-up position. Pressure measurements were acquired as each wrist was loaded with the wrist in extension and with the wrist in a neutral position. Data were acquired with the SLIL intact and following sectioning of its dorsal, volar, and proximal components. The wrist was disarticulated and a map drawn on each sensor to identify each joint fossa. Results A push-up performed with the wrist in extension caused a significantly greater peak pressure in the radioscaphoid fossa but not in the radiolunate fossa. Moving the wrist into extension caused a significant dorsal movement of the pressure centroid an average of 2.9 mm in the radiolunate fossa and an average of 5.7 mm in the radioscaphoid fossa. Sectioning the SLIL caused the centroid of pressure in the radioscaphoid fossa to significantly move an average 1.4 mm radially. Conclusions A push-up with the wrist in extension causes a significant increase in the pressure in the radioscaphoid fossa but not in the radiolunate. This finding may help explain why degenerative arthritis first develops in the radioscaphoid fossa before involving the radiolunate fossa. As expected, gapping that occurs with SLIL injury was observed here as a radial translation of the scaphoid and not as a movement of the lunate. The new location of scaphoid contact may be an additional reason for the development of radioscaphoid arthritis occurring before radiolunate arthritis. Clinical relevance This study provides a possible explanation as to why degenerative arthritis may first occur in the radioscaphoid fossa.
Phenobarbital monotherapy for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the non-intensive care unit setting: a review

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) may present in patients with alcohol use disorders and lead to potentially life-threatening delirium tremens. Phenobarbital may be an option for treating AWS due to cross-tolerance for GABA receptors, however, widespread use in the non-acute care setting is limited due to concerns for tolerability issues, such as respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. The purpose of this review was to summarize the available evidence regarding safety concerns surrounding phenobarbital pharmacology. A literature search from inception to May 2018 was conducted in PubMed using the search terms “phenobarbital” and “alcohol withdrawal syndrome” to identify literature in the non-intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Any primary literature addressing phenobarbital use as monotherapy for AWS in humans, English language, and non-ICU setting was included. References from retrieved articles were reviewed for relevant literature. Three case reports or series, four retrospective studies, and six prospective studies were identified. Case descriptions discussing various protocols with phenobarbital showed patients did not experience serious CNS depression or excitation. Retrospective studies did not show serious complications, such as cardiovascular complications, respiratory depression, fatal outcome, delirium, or seizures, associated with phenobarbital use. In most prospective studies, tolerability issues were mild or not reported. There were no studies with reports of serious complications requiring interventions due to phenobarbital. The availability of literature evaluating phenobarbital was limited. Phenobarbital regimens varied between cases and studies and, although generalizations regarding phenobarbital use for treatment or prevention of AWS cannot be made, phenobarbital has demonstrated tolerability in limited cases. A benefit-to-risk assessment should be conducted prior to using phenobarbital. Providers should consider clinical evidence in addition to phenobarbital clinical pharmacology in product selection.
Somatic Symptoms of Anxiety and Suicide Ideation Among Treatment‐Seeking Youth With Anxiety Disorders

Objective The severity of anxiety, in general, has been associated with suicide ideation (SI) among youth, but research has yet to examine the specific anxiety symptoms that may contribute to SI among youth. This study examined the severity of specific anxiety symptom clusters (i.e., tense/restless, somatic/autonomic symptoms, humiliation/rejection, performing in public, separation anxiety, perfectionism, and anxious coping) and SI in youth who met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Method Participants (N = 87) were treatment-seeking children and adolescents ages 6-17 (M = 11.1 years, SD = 3.06; 52.9% male) diagnosed with a principal anxiety disorder. Youth and their parents completed measures of youth anxiety symptom severity, depression, and SI. Results Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that when anxiety symptom clusters were entered simultaneously, only youth self-reported (and not parent-reported) somatic/autonomic symptoms of anxiety significantly predicted SI, after controlling for depression and sex. Importantly, the relationship between somatic/autonomic symptoms of anxiety and SI was stronger than that between depression and SI. Conclusions These results suggest that assessing somatic symptoms of anxiety is especially important when quantifying suicide risk among anxiety-disordered youth.
Discontinuous, continuous, and coupled finite element methods for shallow water flows

In this paper, we describe finite element methods for the numerical solution of the shallow water equations, based on coupling discontinuous and continuous approximations. While such coupling can be performed in several ways, we discuss one particular type of coupling, whereby the spatial domain is decomposed into two different regions, one where continuous approximating functions are used for all variables, and another where discontinuous functions are used. The algorithm is described and numerical results are presented for a one space dimensional example.
Role of the Phagocyte in Host Defense against Aspergillosis

The pivotal role of the phagocyte in host defense against invasive aspergillosis can be surmised from a wide variety of observations. Occurrence of this infection in 40 of 245 patients with chronic granulomatous disease is a strong indication that impaired oxidative killing of Aspergillus by human phagocytes put these patients at increased risk (Cohen et al., 1981). Patients with acute leukemia and prolonged granulocytopenia have also been shown to be at increased risk of invasive aspergillosis (Gerson et al., 1984). In contrast, patients with deficient humoral immunity are not known to have increased susceptibility to this or any other mycosis. Patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and its attendant lymphocyte defects have a striking susceptibility to cryptococcosis and mucosal candidiasis, but no noticeable propensity toward developing aspergillosis. None of these differences in the prevalence of aspergillosis are readily ascribed to difference in exposure to Aspergillus. because this fungus is ubiquitous in the environment.
Illness Uncertainties Tied to Developmental Tasks Among Young Adult Survivors of Hematologic Cancers

Purpose: Young adulthood is a period of building autonomy, relationships, and careers. Experiencing cancer as a young adult (YA) is an “off-time” event in the normative adult life cycle and may int...
Determinants of oil-spill cleanup participation following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Abstract Background On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, spilling over 4.9 million barrels of oil in the Gulf of Mexico over an 87-day period and developing into a long-term environmental disaster that affected people living in Gulf Coast states. Engagement of community members in recovery efforts is important for mitigating adverse effects of disasters and accelerating the rebuilding process for impacted communities; however, few studies have explored factors that determine participation in oil spill cleanups. Methods We analyzed data from the Gulf States Population Survey (GSPS) to study the determinants of participating in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill cleanup. The GSPS was a random-digit dialing survey conducted on 38,361 adults in counties and parishes in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi impacted by the oil spill. Using survey estimation to account for the complex survey design, we estimated the probability of cleanup participation and used logistic regression to examine the association between sociodemographic factors and cleanup participation. Results Approximately 4.7% of residents in affected Gulf communities participated in the cleanup. Most participants were young, men, non-Hispanic white, and employed. Living in an affected coastal county was associated with higher odds of participation (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–2.24), as was having excellent or very good physical health (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.11–3.81). Older persons were less likely to participate in the cleanup (OR for 65+ age group vs. 18–24 age group: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05–0.36). Conclusions Understanding the demographics of cleanup participants may help inform civilian recruitment for future oil spill responses.
Sexual Activity and Weekly Contraceptive Discontinuation and Selection Among Young Adult Women in Michigan.

Understanding young women’s contraceptive and pregnancy prevention behaviors is important for helping women and their partners control if and when they have children. Prior research on associations...
Abstract # 3112 Childhood adversity predicts changes in inflammation, fatigue, and depression during breast cancer survivorship

Many breast cancer survivors experience improvements in depression, fatigue, and inflammation after cancer treatment, but a subset of survivors experience persistent symptoms years after treatment ends. Prior cross-sectional research indicates that childhood adversity predicts elevated symptoms one year following cancer treatment; however, studies have not assessed whether adversity produces differential symptom change over longer periods of time. The current study assessed childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for poorer short-term and long-term recovery during survivorship. In a parent study, breast cancer survivors stages 0-IIIC (N = 118) provided data prior to primary cancer treatment (i.e., surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy) and 6 and 18 months post-treatment. Women who reported clinically significant physical abuse (p = .029) and emotional neglect (p = .027) demonstrated smaller decreases in CRP from baseline to 6 months post-treatment compared to women who reported less severe or no adversities. Women who reported childhood physical abuse also had greater increases in fatigue (p = .013) from baseline to 18 months post-treatment, and women reporting physical abuse (p = .030) and emotional neglect (p = .047) had smaller decreases in depressive symptoms over the same time frame. These data suggest that childhood adversity has lasting effects on depression, inflammation, and fatigue which may persist up to 18 months post-treatment, long after the physical and psychological repercussions of cancer treatment are expected to dissipate.
Variation in pollinator potential to carry a blueberry fungal pathogen and assessment of transfer efficiency in two managed bee species

Plant diseases are ubiquitous in agricultural systems and are major sources of economic loss. Vaccinium corymbosum , or highbush blueberry, is an economically important crop affected by an insect-vectored, fungal pathogen, Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi , or mummy berry disease. Highbush blueberry yield is maximized through outcrossed pollination; however, the pathogen is vectored by pollinators. We used field collections and molecular techniques to identify floral visitors to highbush blueberry and quantify levels of pathogen spores carried by each visiting species. We also conducted a cage trial using single flower visits to determine differences in vectoring efficiency between two managed pollinators, Apis mellifera and Bombus impatiens . We found that bees, flies, and wasps were all common visitors, and that all bee species and several fly and wasp species carried the pathogen. Of the bee species, A. mellifera most often tested positive for the pathogen, while Dolichovespula maculata (Bald-faced Hornet) tested positive most among wasps and Mallota posticata among flies. Considering only individuals that tested positive, mummyberry levels per individual were highest in D. maculata and Andrena bees , and relatively low in flies. In cage trials, we found no differences between A. mellifera and B. impatiens in pathogen load or transfer efficiency, suggesting that these managed species are equally capable of vectoring mummyberry during a single visit to a blighted stem and then a flower. This research demonstrates the variety of floral visitors that carry mummyberry and that two common commercial pollinator species have similar potential to vector mummyberry to blueberry flowers during a single visit.
Trade and American Leadership

From the nation-building of Alexander Hamilton to the trade wars of Donald Trump, trade policy has been a key instrument of American power and wealth. The open trading system that the United States sponsored after the Second World War serves US interests by promoting cooperation and prosperity, but also allows the allies to become more independent and China to rise. The case studies in Trade and American Leadership examine how the value of preferential trade programs is undercut by the multilateral liberalization that the United States promoted for generations, and how trade sanctions tend either to be too economically costly to impose or too modest to matter. These problems are exacerbated by a domestic political system in which the gains from trade are unevenly distributed, power is fragmented, and strategies are easily undermined. Trade and American Leadership places special emphasis on today's challenges, and the rising danger of economic nationalism.
Negotiating Power: How youth organizers recast the debate about school reform

In the context of a neoliberal policy landscape, urban high school students who are constructed by policymakers as either dependents or deviants have little to no agency in the larger policy debates that shape what kinds of educational opportunities and choices are available to them. In this article, we explore how the Philadelphia Student Union (PSU), a youth organizing group, engaged in the debate around educational change and attempted to shift public opinion and understanding. Specifically, we examine how PSU derived and deployed power in a contest with school policymakers about educational reform. Understanding this exercise of power as a means of advancing youth voice and developing equitable systems of public accountability for all stakeholders can help us better appreciate the role youth can play in negotiating the terms of the debate over how best to improve the schools serving our nation's most vulnerable students.
Defining Their Right to the City: Perspectives from Lower-Income Youth:

In their desire to revitalize their cities, local government leaders actively promote private development without equal attention to the ways all residents—and not just those with financial means—l...
Phase transition for hot nanophotonics (Conference Presentation)

The two next-generation technologies poised to revolutionize our society are 3D displays and efficient energy conversion, and nanophotonics is the key to both. While tunable devices enable 3D displays, LiDAR, virtual reality, and such other applications, refractory nanophotonic devices enable efficient thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. Both of these nanophotonic devices can be realized by exploiting the phenomenon of many-body effects. While electronic correlation leads to a huge optical tunability, parity-time symmetric interaction between photonic resonators results in frequency-selective thermal emitters necessary for efficient thermophotovoltaics. This talk will describe tunable nanophotonic devices based on charge density waves in 1T-tantalum disulfide and frequency-selective thermal emitters based on hybrid plasmonic-photonic resonators.
Functional abdominal pain symptom severity: Associations between cognition and emotion in a pediatric sample

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common physical complaint in children and adolescents. Prior research has documented associations between FAP symptoms and mood, especially internalizing behavi...
Lost in Translation: The Effects of Incentive Compensation on Strategy Surrogation

ABSTRACT: To facilitate managers' decision-making, firms develop strategic performance measurement systems that translate strategy into performance measures. Ideally, managers see measures for what they are—imperfect proxies for intangible strategic constructs. However, managers may fail to fully appreciate the fact that measures are merely representations of the strategic constructs, and act as though the measures are the construct of interest—a phenomenon we label surrogation. In this paper, we investigate whether and how the use of strategically linked performance measures for compensation purposes affects managers' propensity to exhibit surrogation. In accordance with the attribute substitution framework (Kahneman and Frederick 2002), we predict incentive compensation exacerbates surrogation, and that this effect is more prevalent when managers are compensated on a single measure of a strategic construct than when managers are compensated on multiple measures of a strategic construct. Via two experime...
Familiarity with music influences stride amplitude and variability during rhythmically-cued walking in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Background Entrainment of walking with rhythmic auditory cues (e.g., metronome or music) induces gait improvements in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, evidence regarding acute impacts of music cues on parkinsonian gait is lacking. Findings in healthy adults imply that familiarity with music cues modulates stride amplitude and stride-to-stride variability; yet the role of familiarity with music on parkinsonian gait remains unknown. Research question To investigate 1) whether familiar and unfamiliar music cueing differentially influences stride and arm swing amplitude and stride-to-stride variability, 2) how stride and arm swing amplitude and stride-to-stride variability are altered by enhanced familiarity with music by repeated listening and walking during rhythmically-cued walking in persons with PD. Methods Twenty individuals with idiopathic PD (mean age = 68.9 years, 7 females, HY stride length, enjoyment and beat salience were greater in familiar than unfamiliar music cues. In Session 2, repeatedly listening and walking to unfamiliar music, but not familiar music, increased gait velocity, stride length, familiarity, enjoyment, and beat salience, and reduced stride-to-stride time variability. Significance Music cues in general induced acute improvements of stride and arm swing amplitude but not stride-to-stride variability, and enhanced familiarity with music improved stride amplitude and variability along with increased enjoyment and reduced cognitive demand in people with PD. Our findings aid in understanding the role of familiarity with music in alleviating gait disturbance and optimizing music-based interventions for PD.
The impact of gunshots on place-level business activity

Gun violence can negatively affect business activity at the place-level through a variety of mechanisms. However, estimating this effect is difficult since reported crime data are biased by factors that are also associated with business health. Despite some of its limitations, data from gunshot detection technology has been shown as a new valuable source of data on gun violence (Irvin-Erickson et al. in Appl Geogr 86: 262–273, 2017a). In this study, we use gunshot detection data to explore the spatial relationship between gunshots and business activity at the neighborhood level in Washington, DC between 2010 and 2012. In this exploratory study, we create spatial buffers of 500 and 1000 feet around each block and sum up the total number of gunshots and business births, deaths, sales, and number of employees within these buffers each year and estimate a spatial fixed effects panel model. Gunshots within 1000 feet of a block increase the number of business deaths by 4.3% within that buffer on average, and gunshots within 500 feet of a block decrease the total number of service and retail businesses, the number of employees employed by businesses within that buffer, and total sales for those businesses (although not at a statistically significant rate). Gunshots on blocks with the lowest initial levels of gunshots increase business turnover and reduce the total number of businesses present by 0.5%, and gunshots on blocks with the highest initial levels of gunshots cause an increase in the number of business deaths by 7.5%. Results suggest that efforts to improve distressed neighborhoods should target both areas with lower and higher pre-existing levels of gunshots.
Popular Regulation? State Constitutional Amendment and the Administrative State

When we think about administrative law, we tend to dwell on issues related to federal agencies and the federal laws and institutions that govern those agencies. But the federal government is only one part of a much larger regulatory structure in the United States. State agencies are a significant and crucial component of the contemporary regularly regime, and they deserve more focused scholarly attention. This is especially true because although state agencies perform functions analogous to federal agencies (i.e., they promulgate rules, adjudicate disputes, and monitor private actors), they perform those functions in a very different institutional environment. This article focuses on a significant structural feature of state constitutions that has been largely overlooked in the study of state agencies: the frequent amendment of state constitutions through popular political processes. My core claim is that state constitutional amendments affect state agencies in significant but underappreciated ways that have no reliable analog in the federal context. This in turn suggests that we should be cautious when using federal theories and doctrines to evaluate or conceptualize state agencies. This is especially true because state constitutional amendment practice is directed towards government accountability and independence, which are core themes in administrate law and theory. To support this claim, I first offer a theoretical account of state constitutions that suggests state amendment practice uniquely impacts state agencies. Second, drawing on an original survey of state constitutional amendments, I offer a novel taxonomy of ways that amendments uniquely impact state agencies. Finally, I consider what my findings might mean for a more authentic conceptualization of state agencies and for state constitutional theory more generally.
Aberrant modularity and lower resiliency of structural covariance network in first-episode antipsychotic-naive psychoses

Objective: Divergent findings in structural brain alterations in psychoses suggest that often-observed regions may exist within a network of susceptible regions. We built structural covariance networks (SCN) of volumes, cortical thickness, and surface area using the Human Connectome Project atlas-based parcellation of 358 regions on structural MRI data from 79 first-episode antipsychotic-naive psychosis patients (FEAP) and 68 controls. Methods: Using graph theoretic methods, we obtained representative graph metrics of integration, segregation, resilience, centrality, importance, community structure, and hub distribution for all 3- morphometric features. We compared networks for resilience by simulated removal (attacks) of nodes and hubs, and simulated replacement of correlations among nodes in FEAP with that of controls using DeltaCon metric. Results: Volume and thickness SCNs of FEAP showed differences in many graph metrics in opposite directions compared to controls but not surface area SCN. Network resilience did not show differences in the replacement simulation and hub attacks, but betweenness centrality-based node attacks showed FEAP network disintegrating with relatively fewer node removals with preserved global efficiency compared to controls. In FEAP, communities consisted of regions from different lobes and hubs were more distributed than in controls. Conclusions: Our findings suggest decreased heterogeneity and less differentiated community structure of FEAP network that may not be attributed to illness chronicity and medications. Contribution of cortical thickness but not surface area suggests that disease/developmental processes may preferentially affect cortical thickness. Near-similar resilience of FEAP and control networks may shield controls from developing illness but may prevent fuller long-term recovery in FEAP.
Evaluation of heparin infusion rates in patients with intravenous drug misuse.

To evaluate the hypothesis that patients with a history of intravenous drug misuse (IVDM) initiated on weight-based heparin infusions require higher than expected infusion rates to achieve therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This study is a multicenter, retrospective chart review of patients with a history of IVDM who were admitted to an acute care site between 10/1/2015 and 9/30/2020 and treated with continuous heparin infusions. Patients were identified using ICD9 and ICD10 codes and included if they had a documented history of IVDM within the past six months. Variables of particular interest included: median heparin infusion rates to maintain therapeutic aPTT, average time to reach therapeutic aPTT, and International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Criteria for moderate to severe bleeding. Of the 41 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 achieved therapeutic aPTT while on a weight-based heparin infusion. All heparin infusions were initiated at a rate of 18 units/kg/hr then titrated per institutional heparin infusion protocols. The mean time to therapeutic aPTT was 38.48 h ± 26.4 h with a mean infusion rate of 27.64 ± 7.14 units/kg/hr. To maintain therapeutic anticoagulation, infusion rates 150% higher than the initial rate were required. Of the 39 patients who achieved therapeutic aPTT, 85% (33) met criteria for heparin resistance, defined as greater than 35,000 units of heparin daily. No statistical significance could be derived from this retrospective chart review as therapeutic heparin rates were evaluated in comparison to initial infusion rate, rather than a control group. The findings in this study demonstrate a possible clinical association of the reduced antithrombin activity previously described in opiate misusers. To efficiently achieve therapeutic anticoagulation, it may be appropriate to consider use of heparin antiXa monitoring in place of aPTT or utilization of increased initial heparin infusion rates.
Validity of the Gauss-Hermite Beam Model in an Anisotropic Layered Medium: Comparison to the Finite Element Method

Under certain conditions, cast stainless steels develop highly aligned grain structures. When viewed macroscopically, such polycrystalline aggregates exhibit considerable elastic anisotropy and variation of wave speeds with direction. Stainless steels with aligned microstructures are often found in nuclear reactor components and require special attention in the design and interpretation of ultrasonic testing. Such phenomena as beam skewing and excess beam divergence, which are caused by elastic anisotropy, can severely confuse or constrain the detection and evaluation of flaws. Furthermore, when these components are integrated into structures by welding, the direction and degree of alignment in adjacent regions may be different and hence inhomogeneities are presented. Proper inspection of these layered, anisotropic materials is made more effective by the availability of a numerical model to predict the propagation of the ultrasonic fields through them.
Instabilities diagnosis and the role of K in microwave circuits

Many papers and textbooks and the leading CAD (computer-aided design) packages state that a two-port is stable if and only if K>1 and mod Delta /sup s/ mod >
Connection-Driven Inductive Theorem Proving

We present a method for integrating rippling-based rewriting into matrix-based theorem proving as a means for automating inductive specification proofs. The selection of connections in an inductive matrix proof is guided by symmetries between induction hypothesis and induction conclusion. Unification is extended by decision procedures and a rippling/reverse-rippling heuristic. Conditional substitutions are generated whenever a uniform substitution is impossible. We illustrate the integrated method by discussing several inductive proofs for the integer square root problem as well as the algorithms extracted from these proofs.
COST OF U.S. COAST GUARD REGULATIONS TO THE U.S. MARITIME INDUSTRY AND COAST GUARD INITIATIVES TO REDUCE THESE COSTS.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize past studies addressing the cost of studies, identify factors other than regulatory compliance which impact the competitiveness of the U.S. shipbuilding industry and describe several recent Coast Guard initiatives to further reduce the already low cost of compliance with Coast Guard regulations.
A SOHO user manual

This paper is intended to serve as the first version of the “SOHO User Manual”, a “how to” guide for those interested in analyzing existing SOHO data, or proposing new SOHO observations. Questions addressed are, how to use the SOHO catalogs, where to find the appropriate data analysis software, how to request permission to use proprietary data, how to propose and prepare SOHO observing programs.