cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of sialic acid-containing components of embryonic cell surfaces.

Sialic acids such as N-acetylneuraminic acid have been found at the surfaces of various cells. They may play an important role in intercellular adhesion and hence in animal morphogenesis. This work demonstrates sialic acid at the surfaces of seven-day chick embryo neural retinal cells and its regeneration after enzymatic removal. Neural retinas were excised and dissociated with trypsin. The cells were incubated in a solution of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. The enzymatic treat ment released sialic acid which was assayed by thg thiobarbituric acid method of Warren. The enzymatic treatment also reduced the cellular electrophoretic mobility from 1.1 to 0.4 × 10−4 cm/sec/volt/cm measured in 0.067 molar phos phate buffer at pH 7.5. Cells which had been treated with neuraminidase were cultured in a modified Eagle's minimum essential medium for up to 24 hours. During the period of culture, the replacement of surface material was observed in two ways. First was the progressive return of electrophoretic mobility to the pre-neuraminidase level. Second was the progressive return of sialic acid at the cell surface to the original level. The latter was shown by second neuraminidase treatments and determinations of sialic acid released. Effects of neuraminidase upon the reaggregation of cells cultured on a gyratory shaker in Eagle's medium were investigated. Neuraminidase was not effective for dissociation of neural retina.
Automated design of synthetic ribosome binding sites to control protein expression

Microbial engineering often requires fine control over protein expression--for example, to connect genetic circuits or control flux through a metabolic pathway. To circumvent the need for trial and error optimization, we developed a predictive method for designing synthetic ribosome binding sites, enabling a rational control over the protein expression level. Experimental validation of >100 predictions in Escherichia coli showed that the method is accurate to within a factor of 2.3 over a range of 100,000-fold. The design method also correctly predicted that reusing identical ribosome binding site sequences in different genetic contexts can result in different protein expression levels. We demonstrate the method's utility by rationally optimizing protein expression to connect a genetic sensor to a synthetic circuit. The proposed forward engineering approach should accelerate the construction and systematic optimization of large genetic systems.
Changes in male guppy courting distance in response to a fluctuating light environment

In the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), effective courting by a male requires visual contact with the female. Therefore, environmental light intensity may affect male display behavior, particularly initial courtship distance. We found that male guppies courted at exact and predictable distances from the female given a particular light level, both in field and laboratory studies. In lower light levels (<0.1 μmol m−2 s−1), for example at dawn, dusk, or under heavy canopy, males court females at closer and less variable distances (<3 cm). At higher light levels, which occur during most of the day and with less canopy cover, males often court from twice or three times further out. Light levels over guppy streams change over relatively short time periods and ranges, correlating with variation in courtship distances. Laboratory manipulations of irradiance confirmed that courtship distance depends on illumination. Hence, courtship distances may be set by the effect of lighting on signal efficiency, minimization of energy or time expenditures, or predation risk.
The molecular structure of the complex of Hoechst 33258 and the DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)

Abstract The crystal structure of the complex between the dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG) and a synthetic dye molecule Hoechst 33258 was solved by X-ray diffraction analysis and refined to an R-factor of 15.7% at 2.25 A resolution. The crescent-shaped Hoechst compound is found to bind to the central four AATT base pairs in the narrow minor groove of the B-DNA double helix. The piperazine ring of the drug has its flat face almost parallel to the aromatic bisbenzimidazole ring and lies sideways in the minor groove. No evidence of disordered structure of the drug is seen in the complex. The binding of Hoechst to DNA is stabilized by a combination of hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interaction and electrostatic interactions. The binding preference for AT base pairs by the drug is the result of the close contact between the Hoechst molecule and the C2 hydrogen atoms of adenine. The nature of these contacts precludes the binding of the drug to G-C base pairs due to the presence of N2 amino groups of guanines. The present crystal structural information agrees well with the data obtained from chemical footprinting experiments.
Electrosurgical treatment of etretinate-resistant Darier's disease.

. Two patients with symptomatic, etretinateresistant, intertriginous Darier's disease were successfully treated with deep split-thickness skin excision using an electrosurgical unit. Healing was rapid and recurrence of disease has been minimal. The use of electrosurgery appears superior to other surgical techniques because, with the ease of hemostasis, the surgeon can more easily control the depth of excision and treat intertriginous creases.
Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes in classifying shoulder instability

Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to investigate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) system when applied to the classification of shoulder instability. Materials and methods From December 2005 through February 2007, 50 patients with shoulder instability were evaluated and classified by an attending physician using one of the 16 ICD-9 codes for shoulder instability. Patients were reassessed after two weeks by the original physician and two additional shoulder specialists. 42 patients completed the study. These data were then analyzed to assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Results Intraobserver agreement for ICD-9 codes was 50% (κ=0.25, fair). Interobserver agreement was 23% (κ=0.002, poor). Discussion The ICD-9 coding system is the recognized standard for classifying disease states and is used for large epidemiologic studies. The poor agreement demonstrated in this study suggests that the ICD-9 coding system has poor agreement and as such is not a precise method to classify shoulder instability. Conclusion Shoulder instability cannot reliably be classified using the ICD-9 coding system. Until a more reliable system is developed, epidemiologic studies of shoulder instability that use ICD-9 codes may be difficult to interpret. Level of evidence Level 1; Testing a previously developed classification system.
Fracture mechanisms for SiC fibers and SiC/SiC composites under stress-rupture conditions at high temperatures

The successful application of SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites as high-temperature structural materials depends strongly on maximizing the fracture or rupture life of the load-bearing fiber and matrix constituents. Using high-temperature data measured under stress-rupture test conditions, this study examines in a mechanistic manner the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the creep and fracture behavior of a variety of SiC fiber types. It is shown that although some fiber types fracture during a large primary creep stage, the fiber creep rate just prior to fracture plays a key role in determining fiber rupture time (Monkman-Grant theory). If it is assumed that SiC matrices rupture in a similar manner as fibers with the same microstructures, one can develop simple mechanistic models to analyze and optimize the stress-rupture behavior of SiC/SiC composites for applied stresses that are initially below matrix cracking.
Testosterone control of territorial behavior: Tonic-release implants fully restore seasonal and short-term aggressive responses in free-living castrated lizards

Two aspects of hormonal control of aggressive territorial behavior in male mountain spiny lizards Sceloporus jarrovi were studied. First, testosterone (T) implants were given to freeliving castrated males during the breeding season. These implants fully restored breeding season levels of aggressive and sexual behavior. Earlier studies showed that identical implants given to free-living males during the nonbreeding season did not induce full breeding season levels of aggression. The full effectiveness of these implants during the breeding season indicates that the lack of effectiveness in the nonbreeding season was not due (1) to the need to replace additional gonadal factors or (2) to ineffectiveness of tonic delivery by the implants. It is more likely that males are less sensitive to T during the nonbreeding season or that other cues present in the breeding season environment synergize with T to induce full levels of aggression. Thus, seasonal changes in aggressive behavior in male S. jarrovi cannot be explained simply as a direct response to changes in circulating levels of T; other environmental factors play a necessary role as well. In the second phase of the study, changes in aggressive behavior of free-living T-implanted castrates were monitored following staged encounters with other males. Despite their inability to alter secretion rates of T, the T-implanted castrates still showed a rapid postencounter increase in aggressive displays that was identical to controls. Previous results showed that this dramatic postencounter increase in aggressive behavior is not accompanied by simultaneous changes in circulating T. Together, these results now allow the hypothesis that this rapid behavioral change in aggressive behavior is caused by simultaneous changes in circulating T levels to be confidently rejected.
Visual and spatial probability learning by the rat: selective decortication influences

Abstract The assessment of probability learning and reversal on spatial and visual tasks was undertaken after anterior or posterior neocortical lesions. Sixty rats were tested on a 70:30 probability grain in a double-bar apparatus using discrete trial correctional procedures. It was concluded that: (a) the spatial task yielded higher asymptotic choice of a more frequently reinforced alternative than the visual task, (b) anterior and posterior lesions showed no differential effects, (c) acquisition on the spatial task was slightly more rapid for normal than for operated rats, (d) visual reversal was extremely difficult under the present conditions, and (e) trial-by-trial analyses showed little differentiation among the treatment conditions.
Structure and self-organization

This paper seeks to clarify the nature and significance of structuralisms. The doctrine of structuralism is regarded here as synonymous with that of holism. It transcends the traditional dichotomy between form, or the static configuration of a system's components, and function, or the process of dynamic change in that system. Viewed from the broader holistic perspective, the relationship between form and function is of a mutually causal nature. The thesis is advanced here that the emergence of structure lies in the process of self-organization. Conversely, it is the structure of the system which makes it self-organizing. The origin of a wide variety of technological, organizational, and social innovations is to be found in the interplay of structure and self-organization. The theory is developed and illustrated at several levels of systems. Its implications for a transdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge are discussed.
How Do Preservice Teachers Conceptualize Giftedness? A Metaphor Analysis

One hundred twenty-four undergraduate education majors completed the phrase “a gifted student is ———— ” using a metaphor and then explained their choice of metaphor. Qualitative metaphor analysis influenced by Dai’s (2009) essential tensions determined that preservice teachers conceive of giftedness as rapid memorization of content knowledge and showy demonstrations of achievement. They believe that excellence is rare and that intelligence is generalizable. Responses were mixed as to whether giftedness is a natural state of being or a process of becoming gifted. There was very little evidence to suggest that preservice teachers focused on the motivational aspect of talent development or the notion that gifted students are likely popular with their peers.
Exact reachability analysis for planning skew-line needle arrangements for automated brachytherapy

When planning skew-line needle arrangements for automated brachytherapy, one objective is to identify a set of candidate needles that enter from a specified entry region, avoid specified organs-at-risk and sufficiently cover the target (tumor) volume. Existing methods use uniform or random sampling to generate a set of candidate needles, which may not adequately cover the target volume. In this paper we present an exact reachability analysis that can be used to guide the selection of candidate needles and to identify which subset of the target volume may not be reachable. Assuming linear needles, convex polyhedral representations of entry zone, organs-at-risk and target volume, we give an exact polynomial time algorithm for checking existence and calculation of the non-reachable set in the target volume. We perform experiments using patient data from 18 brachytherapy cases and found that 11 cases had non-empty occluded volume inside the target ranging from 0.01% to 4.3% of target volume. We also report a sensitivity study showing the change in the occluded volume with dilation of the avoidance volume and entry zone.
Magnetoelectric Green's functions and their application to the inclusion and inhomogeneity problems

Abstract Explicit expressions of magnetoelectric Green's functions are obtained for a transversely isotropic medium exhibiting coupling between the static electric and magnetic fields utilizing the contour integral representation. Four Green's functions exist which represent the coupled static electric and magnetic response to a unit point electric or magnetic charge. The Green's functions are applied to analyze the inclusion and inhomogeneity problems in an infinite magnetoelectric medium, and explicit, closed form expressions are obtained for the Eshelby type tensors. The magnetoelectric Eshelby's tensors can be readily used in the solution of numerous problems in the mechanics and physics of magnetoelectric solids.
Dissociation of experimentally induced drinking behavior by ibotenate injection into the median preoptic nucleus.

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either ibotenic acid (5 μg/1 μl) or vehicle in the ventral median preoptic nucleus. The injections were given during either methoxyflurane or ketamine anesthesia. None of the rats injected with ibotenic acid were adipsic after surgery. After at least one week of recovery, all rats were tested for drinking responses to angiotensin II (1.5 and 3 mg/kg s.c.) and hypertonic saline (3% and 12% 1 ml/100 g b.wt.). Rats injected with ibotenic acid during methoxyflurane anesthesia drank significantly less than the vehicle injected control group in tests with both doses of angiotensin II and both concentrations of hypertonic saline. The rats that were injected with ibotenic acid during ketamine anesthesia drank significantly less than the control group when tested with 3% hypertonic saline but not when tested with angiotensin II. Histological examination of the injection sites indicated significant reductions in the volume of the median preoptic nucleus only in rats that had been injected with ibotenic acid during methoxyflurane anesthesia. The results are consistent with the interpretation that the drinking response to angiotensin II is dependent upon the integrity of neurons with postsynapticN-methyl- D -aspartate receptors within the median preoptic nucleus.
The preparation of germane

Abstract Germane is conveniently prepared by reduction of an aqueous acidic solution of germanium oxide with sodium borohydride.
A 0.7 Mb de novo duplication at 7q21.3 including the genes DLX5 and DLX6 in a patient with split-hand/split-foot malformation.

Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM1) has been reported to be caused by deletions, duplications or rearrangements involving the 7q21.3 region harboring DSS1, DLX5, and DLX6. We report on a female patient with unilateral syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers of the right hand and overgrowth and lateral deviation of the right great toe. There was a split foot malformation on the right, with absent fifth toe. The left hand was apparently normal and left foot was intact. The patient has no hearing loss. We performed conventional G-banding karyotype analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). G-banding karyotype result was normal 46,XX. However, a duplication of 719 kb (96,303,736–97,022,335; NCBI build36/hg18, March 2006) was identified at the 7q21.3 region by aCGH. The array result was also confirmed by FISH analysis. The duplicated region harbors only DLX5 and DLX6, which are known for their role in SHFM1. Additionally, FISH analysis of parental samples showed de novo origin of this abnormality in the patient. This is the first report that highlights the duplication of 719 kb at 7q21.3, harboring only DLX5 and DLX6 associated with the SHFM1 phenotype. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On internal higher order mode coupling in slot arrays

Internal higher-order mode coupling between adjacent longitudinal radiating slots cut in a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide is examined rigorously. Method-of-moments solutions to pertinent coupled integral equations are investigated. Higher-order mode coupling effects on the amplitude and phase of the aperture electric field are studied as a function of waveguide and slot parameters. It is shown that higher-order mode coupling effects are accounted for, to a substantial extent in standard-height waveguides and almost completely in reduced-height waveguides, by including the TE/sub 20/ mode coupling in the analysis. >
Longitudinal variation of tides in the MLT region: 2. Relative effects of solar radiative and latent heating

[1] Part 2 of our study examines the relative importance of radiative heating and latent heating in accounting for vertically propagating tides that impose longitude variability on mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) winds, temperatures, and densities. Our results are based upon numerical simulations using the Global-Scale Wave Model (GSWM) and new tidal heating rates derived from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) radiative fluxes (see part 1), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) latent heating profiles, and TRMM rainfall rates. Contrary to previous results and general perceptions, we demonstrate that radiative heating is more important than latent heating in accounting for MLT longitude variability due to tides although latent heating causes some large nonmigrating tidal oscillations such as DE3. Through comparison with TIMED SABER temperature measurements, the model results are shown to approximate many observed features of this longitude variability.
Sleep-disordered Breathing in Hispanic/Latino Individuals of Diverse Backgrounds. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Rationale: Hispanic/Latino populations have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and may be at risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). An understanding of SDB among these populations is needed given evidence that SDB increases cardiovascular risk.Objectives: To quantify SDB prevalence in the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population and its association with symptoms, risk factors, diabetes, and hypertension; and to explore variation by sex and Hispanic/Latino background.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis from the baseline examination of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.Measurements and Main Results: The apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was derived from standardized sleep tests; diabetes and hypertension were based on measurement and history. The sample of 14,440 individuals had an age-adjusted prevalence of minimal SDB (AHI ≥ 5), moderate SDB (AHI ≥ 15), and severe SDB (AHI ≥ 30) of 25.8, 9.8, and 3.9%, respectively. Only 1.3% of participants reported a sleep apnea diagnosis. Moderate SD...
The frozen solution structure of p21 ras determined by ESEEM spectroscopy reveals weak coordination of Thr35 to the active site metal ion

Abstract Background: The G protein p21 ras is a molecular switch in the signal transduction pathway for cellular growth and differentiation. Hydrolysis of tightly bound GTP alters the conformation of p21, terminating the signal. The coordination of the p21 residue Thr35 to Mg 2+ in its active site, which has been observed in the crystal structure of p21 in complex with a GTP-analog GMPPNP but not with GDP, has been proposed to drive the conformational change accompanying nucleotide substitution and may have a role in the GTP hydrolysis reaction itself. However, previous electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) studies of selectively 2 H β -threonine and 15 N-threonine labeled p21·Mn 2+ GMPPNP suggest that Thr35 only weakly coordinates the metal ion in the growth-active GTP-bound state of p21. Results: A 13 C β -Thr35 to Mn 2+ distance of 4.3 ±0.2 A and a 15 Nϵ-Lys 16 to Mn 2+ distance of 5.3 ±0.2 A were determined from ESEEM spectra of the selectively 13 C β -Thr and 15 Nϵ-Lys labeled p21·Mn 2+ GMPPNP frozen solution structure. The 13 C β -Thr35 to Mn 2+ distance is greater than that (3.16 A) observed in the crystal structure. In contrast, the 15 Nϵ-Lys16 to Mn 2+ distance is in good agreement with the 5.1 A crystal structure distance. Conclusions: The 13 C β of Thr35 is more distant from the active site Mn 2+ in the frozen solution structure than in the crystal structure of p21·Mg 2+ GMPPNP, indicating that Thr35 only weakly coordinates the metal ion in frozen solution. Thr35 coordination of the metal ion is therefore unlikely to drive the conformational change between GTP- and GDP-bound states of p21. Thr35 may be essential for GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-stimulated GTP hydrolysis and/or signal transduction for other reasons.
d'Aquili and Newberg's neurotheology: A hermeneutical problem with their neurological solution

Abstract In recent years there has been an increasing interest in scientifically understanding the neurological grounds for religious or mystical experiences and two researchers who have focused on this area are Eugene d’Aquili and Andrew B. Newberg. In their work, The Mystical Mind: Probing the Biology of Religious Experience (d’Aquili and Newberg, 1999), they contend that as a result of a similar‐in‐kind neurological deafferentation that leads to a dissolution of the sense of ‘self’ and unification with what they term Absolute Being mystical religious experiences can be classified as similar in kind across mystical traditions. In fact, they state that the conceptual description of the mystical state is derivative after the experience and results in the similarity of phenomenological description for these experiences (d'Aquili and Newberg, 1999, p. 165). To the contrary I hope to show that the conceptual framework from within which the mystic views the experience not only colors the experience, but leads...
A scaling which removes bias of Abeywardena’s estimator of repeatability

Abeywardena’s (J,Genetics, 61, 27–51, 1972) estimator of repeatability was shown to be biased, using both the theoretical model for the dependence structure of a repeatability data set and analyses of his simulated data. A scaling involving the number of observations per individual corrected the bias.
Becoming Visible: Assessing the Availability of Online Sexual Health Information for Lesbians

Research suggests that lesbians turn to the Internet for information regarding their sexual health. However, limited research has examined the availability of online sexual health resources for thi...
A COASTAL DEVELOPMENT IDEA FOR GULF OF THAILAND TO IMPROVE GLOBAL TRADES

Marine transport is an important mode of transportation in global trades. Despite its slow speed, more than 80 percent of transporting goods around the world is by sea. At the present time, transportation between Pacific Ocean and the Middle East region are mainly from existing three routes: Malacca Route, Sunda Route, and Lombok Route. There are more than 500,000 ships of all sizes passing through these three routes every year. It would be advantageous from the economic point of view if one can shorten the travel distance by introducing a man-made canal herein called “Siam Canal” which connects the Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Hydrodynamic simulation is being conducted to evaluate the conditions before and after the introduction of “Siam Canal” to assess the possible modification of the marine environment. A more detailed feasibility study is underway in order to provide a more definitive assessment on the economic, social, political, and environmental impacts of the proposed Siam Canal.
The effects of intralist activity on free recall

Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of S's intralist activity on free recall, and to relate these effects to a two-storage model of free recall. In the first experiment associative or mnemonic structure was varied. The freedom of the S to make use of the interval was also varied by requiring an interpolated task during the interval between words. Both variables had a clear effect on recall. No evidence was found, however, for a differential effect of these variables on the serial-position curve. The differential effect was expected on the basis of the two-storage model of recall. In the second experiment, an intralist task was used that, on the basis of the two-storage model, was designed to have a differential effect. Both an overall effect of the task (word repetition) and a differential effect with respect to list positions were found. When S repeated the list words as they were presented, he recalled fewer words and, in particular fewer words from the beginning of the list.
Plasma actuators for bluff body flow control

In this paper the results of flow control experiments utilizing single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators to control flow separation and unsteady vortex shedding from a circular cylinder in cross-flow are reported. This work is motivated by the need to reduce landing gear noise for commercial transport aircraft via an effective streamlining created by the actuators. The experiments are performed at ReD = 33,000. Using either steady or unsteady actuation, Karman shedding is totally eliminated, turbulence levels in the wake decrease significantly and near-field sound pressure levels are reduced by 13.3 dB. Unsteady actuation at an excitation frequency of StD = 1 is found to be most effective. The unsteady actuation also has the advantage that total suppression of shedding is achieved for a duty cycle of only 25%. cylinder diameter D Re = Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter D St = Strouhal number based on cylinder diameter 1 T = time period of unsteady actuation
Review: dietary intervention plus exercise is no better than dietary intervention alone for inducing long term weight loss.

Curioni CC, Lourenco PM. Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005;29:1168–74. Q In overweight and obese adults, is a combination of dietary intervention and exercise more effective than dietary intervention alone for inducing long term weight loss? ### ![Graphic][1] Data sources: Cochrane Controlled Trials Register ( Cochrane Library ), Medline, and LILACS (all up to March 2003). Published reviews and all relevant studies and their reference lists were also scrutinised for other pertinent publications. ### ![Graphic][2] Study selection and assessment: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in any language that compared a combination of dietary intervention (including any type of caloric restriction) and exercise (any type of exercise in which it was possible to quantify the recommended activity) with dietary intervention alone in overweight or obese adults (body mass index >25 kg/m2). RCTs were also required to have ⩾1 year of follow up. Study exclusion criteria included enrolment of pregnant women, use of any medication, and use of behavioural therapy as the only … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
A Rhetorical Ontology for Modern Science

Abstract: In this paper I wish to ask whether philosophers have good grounds for elaborating rhetorics of science. By doing so they might seem to deny the distinction between the theoretical intellect and the practical intellect, which traditionally have reigned over scientific discourse and rhetorical discourse, respectively. I shall suggest that philosophers of rhetoric do indeed have a warrant for developing their rhetorics of science. We shall assume with Aristotle that we may distinguish the theoretical from the practical intellect by distinguishing objects which cannot be other than they are from objects which can be other than they are. What we shall find is that a stalwart of British empiricism, John Stuart Mill, develops a philosophy of science concerned with objects which can be other than they are. Mill thus provides us with an ontological justification for our new rhetorics of science.
Optimal area and impedance allocation for dual - string DACs

The relationship between yield, area, and impedance distribution in dual-string DACs is developed. Optimal area allocation and impedance distributions strategies for maximizing yield in the presence of local random process variations are introduced. Simulation results show that a factor of 4 or more reduction in area for a given yield is possible if typical area/impedance allocations are replaced with an optimal area/impedance allocation.
Social-Cognitive Ability and Writing Performance How are they Related?

This article responds to Burleson and Rowan's (1985) discussion of the relationship between social-cognitive ability and writing skill. A study is reported in which 49 9-year-old children completed a social-cognition task, wrote four compositions (literary/narrative, expressive, referential, and persuasive), and produced oral messages. Correlational analyses showed that social-cognitive ability was most strongly related to the oral task (r = .37), weakly related to the literary/narrative task (r = .25), and very weakly (nonsignificantly) related to performance on the other writing tasks.
Child maltreatment and vulnerability to depression

This investigation explored differences in depressive symptomatology among low-socioeconomic status children aged 7–12 years from abusive (N = 46), neglectful (N = 35), and nonmaltreating (N = 72) homes. Measures of aggression and self-esteem also were included. Children from abusive homes evidenced significantly more depressive symptomatology than children from either neglectful or nonmaltreating families. Additionally, children from physically abusive homes exhibited lower self-esteem than did nonmaltreated children. While significant differences among groups on aggression did not emerge, all groups evidenced higher levels of acting out behaviors than would be expected in a nonclinic group of children. Results were discussed in terms of the effects of physical abuse on depression and the importance of intervening to prevent the deleterious effects of abuse. Additionally, the impact of neglect and poverty status on the presence of aggression was discussed.
Identification of Predictive Pathways for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Prognosis

Despite decades of intensive research, NHL (non-Hodgkin lymphoma) still remains poorly understood and is largely incurable. Recent molecular studies suggest that genomic variants measured with SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in genes may have additional predictive power for NHL prognosis beyond clinical risk factors. We analyzed a genetic association study. The prognostic cohort consisted of 346 patients, among whom 138 had DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) and 101 had FL (follicular lymphoma). For DLBCL, we analyzed 1229 SNPs which represented 122 KEGG pathways. For FL, we analyzed 1228 SNPs which represented 122 KEGG pathways. Unlike in existing studies, we targeted at identifying pathways with significant additional predictive power beyond clinical factors. In addition, we accounted for the joint effects of multiple SNPs within pathways, whereas some existing studies drew pathway-level conclusions based on separate analysis of individual SNPs. For DLBCL, we identified four pathways, which, combined with the clinical factors, had medians of the prediction logrank statistics as 2.535, 2.220, 2.094, 2.453, and 2.512, respectively. As a comparison, the clinical factors had a median of the prediction logrank statistics around 0.552. For FL, we identified two pathways, which, combined with the clinical factors, had medians of the prediction logrank statistics as 4.320 and 3.532, respectively. As a comparison, the clinical factors had a median of the prediction logrank statistics around 1.212. For NHL overall, we identified three pathways, which, combined with the clinical factors, had medians of the prediction logrank statistics as 5.722, 5.314, and 5.441, respective. As a comparison, the clinical factors had a median of the prediction logrank statistics around 4.411. The identified pathways have sound biological bases. In addition, they are different from those identified using existing approaches. They may provide further insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the prognosis of NHL.
SEKEN: secure and efficient key exchange for sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are edging closer to widespread feasibility with recent research showing promising results in developing and adapting new mechanisms to suit their environment. Secure communication between these distributed wireless devices is a desired characteristic, especially in scenarios where these sensors would be used for military and other mission-critical operations. This paper highlights some of the research challenges for extending secure communications over these resource-limited devices and points out why current protocols do not scale well in this unique application realm. A new key setup protocol (SEKEN) is proposed that neatly fits into the requirements of these device types. The performance of SEKEN is then analyzed against some other possible key setup mechanisms. Our initial results confirm that it performs better under most of the conditions anticipated for general wireless sensor networks.
A Preliminary Examination of Trauma History, Locus of Control, and PTSD Symptom Severity in African American Women

Prior research has established a relationship between external locus of control and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity among Caucasians. There is also evidence that African Americans tend to exhibit an elevated external locus of control. However, the relationship between external control and PTSD symptom severity has not been examined among African American women. Using a sample of African American adult female volunteers who self-reported a history of child abuse and/or sexual or physical assault in adulthood, the present study sought to examine the relationships between trauma history, locus of control, and PTSD symptom severity. Participants in the child/adult trauma group reported fewer PTSD symptoms than those with a history of adult trauma only. Contrary to expectations, however, trauma history was not related to locus of control in this sample of African American women. It is possible that factors associated with African American socialization may serve as a buffer to the develop...
Unequal effects of elders’ health problems on wealth depletion across race and ethnicity

We investigate the impact of health on wealth depletion of African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white elders. Using the data from 4,464 elderly households that participated in both the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old and the 1998 Health and Retirement Study, we find that health problems contribute to wealth depletion differently across elders in different racial and ethnic groups. We draw policy implications from the findings regarding ways to help consumers protect their financial security from health shocks in later life.
Differential sensitivity of polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacteria to fermentation inhibitors and comparison of polyhydroxybutyrate production from Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas pseudoflava

Background: The aim of this study is determine the relative sensitivity of a panel of seven polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacteria to a panel of seven lignocellulosic-derived fermentation inhibitors representing aliphatic acids, furans and phenolics. A further aim was to measure the polyhydroxybutyrate production of select organisms on lignocellulosic-derived monosaccharides arabinose, xylose, glucose and mannose. Findings: We examined the sensitivity of seven polyhydroxyalkanoate producing bacteria: Azohydromonas lata, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas olevorans, Pseudomonas pseudoflava and Ralstonia eutropha, against seven fermentation inhibitors produced by the saccharification of lignocellulose: acetic acid, levulinic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, syringaldehyde, furfural, and hyroxymethyfurfural. There was significant variation in the sensitivity of these microbes to representative phenolics ranging from 0.25-1.5 g/L coumaric and ferulic acid and between 0.5-6.0 g/L syringaldehyde. Inhibition ranged from 0.37-4 g/L and 0.75-6 g/L with acetic acid and levulinic acid, respectively. B. cepacia and P. pseudoflava were selected for further analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Conclusions: We find significant differences in sensitivity to the fermentation inhibitors tested and find these variations to be over a relevant concentration range given the concentrations of inhibitors typically found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Of the seven bacteria tested, B. cepacia demonstrated the greatest inhibitor tolerance. Similarly, of two organisms examined for polyhydroxybutyrate production, B. cepacia was notably more efficient when fermenting pentose substrates.
Development of an Interactive Ramachandran Plot in Weave

Current software systems having Ramachandran Plots do not support interactivity with the visualization. Current web-based Ramachandran Plot tools provide only primitive analysis and simple report generation features. In Weave (Web-based Analysis and Visualization Environment), we have developed an improved Ramachandran Plot with interactivity that facilitates better analysis, sequence searching features and supplementary visualizations. Weave provides essential features facilitating broader amino acid analysis, statistical computations and the advantages of a more general web-based application.
Infratentorial and supratentorial leukoencephalopathy associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Abstract Background: Striking cerebral white matter abnormalities involving supratentorial regions seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have been described in patients with vitamin B 12 deficiency. Severe involvement of infratentorial structures with partial reversibility has not been previously documented. Observation: A 54-year-old man experienced severe weight loss, associated with dementia and focal deficits. Laboratory analysis showed a severe vitamin B 12 deficiency and elevated serum homocysteine. MRI scans showed a severe and diffuse white matter abnormal signal involving both the supra- and infratentorial compartments. Vitamin B 12 supplementation resulted in a mild improvement in cognitive deficits and a marked resolution of imaging abnormalities. Conclusion: Leukoencephalopathy and dementia should raise the suspicion of a vitamin B 12 deficiency because vitamin B 12 supplementation may result in at least partial clinical improvement.
Preoperative angiography and embolization of the site of intermittent acute small bowel bleeding with a radiopaque microcoil: facilitated precise surgical excision of the source.

LOCALIZING THE SOURCE o f i n t e rmi t t en t acute b l e e d i n g o f the small bowel is a diagnost ic chal lenge. In contrast , the source for con t inuous acute small bowel b l eed ing is usually easily local ized with d i rec t visual inspec t ion o r endoscopy at surgical explora t ion . T h e source o f intermi t t en t acute gastrointest inal b l eed ing is f requen t ly associated with obscure or igins and can the re fo re be diff icult to d e t e r m i n e and localize at opera t ion . 16 O n e o f the objectives o f surgery for small bowel b l e e d i n g is to l imit the resec t ion to the smallest s e g m e n t possible to co r rec t the defect ; this is of ten difficult to do in the set t ing o f i n t e rmi t t en t acute b leeding . We have d e v e l o p e d a t e c h n i q u e to localize the source o f such int e rmi t t en t small bowel b l e e d i n g c o m b i n i n g p reope ra tive embol i za t ion o f the vessel(s) involved and in t raoperative radiography. T h e t e c h n i q u e appears to be a p romis ing add i t ion to exis t ing t echn iques used by in te rven t iona l radiologists and gene ra l surgeons w h e n faced with such a p rob l em. We r e p o r t h e r e the use o f p reopera t ive selective embol i za t ion o f r a d i o p a q u e microcoils wi thin super io r mesen te r i c artery b ranches to localize the site and source o f i n t e rmi t t en t acute b leeding. Precise local izat ion m i n i m i z e d the a m o u n t o f small bowel excised and faci l i tated the r emova l o f the appropr ia te s e g m e n t even w h e n no b l e e d i n g site o r source cou ld be d e t e r m i n e d .
Statistical uncertainty analysis of key comparison CCEM-K2

The details of a statistical uncertainty analysis applied to key comparison CCEM-K2 are reported. The analysis presented here provides an approach for addressing known correlations which have been of concern in reporting key comparison results. Uncertainties for each participating National Metrology Institute (NMI), the key comparison reference value (KCRV), and the pairs of NMIs are determined by fully considering the covariances arising from interrelations among the results of participants because of the time dependence of the values of the transport standards. Uncertainties of the pilot laboratory are treated differently than those of other NMIs due to the predicted values of the transport standards for all NMIs being based on pilot laboratory data. The approach separates the Type A and Type B uncertainty components providing the benefit that data from multiple artifacts (three in this instance) reduces the computed Type A uncertainties.
A circuit breaker for redundant IC systems

On-chip circuit breakers have the potential to significantly increase the yield of VLSICs which incorporate redundant elements by preventing power-ground shorts from destroying the functionality of the entire die. Bipolar transistors are proposed as the switching element to achieve a low voltage drop at high currents without requiring large die area. Two types of IC circuit breakers which are compatible with standard CMOS processing have been studied, and test circuits have been fabricated. The first type of IC circuit breaker uses a lateral bipolar transistor. Measurements of current injected into the substrate indicate that the small fraction of substrate current which escapes from the guard rings around the region of the bipolar transistors is far below that which could result in latchup. >
Hydrofruit, Inc.: Ripe for Harvest or Rotten Tomato? (A)

This case details the various issues, dilemmas, and complexities of immigration as it relates both to business and American society in general. MegaBank manager Judson Dillon is on the verge of finalizing a $65 million equity investment in the world’s largest tomato greenhouse, HydroFruit, Inc., which he believes is an attractive investment opportunity. At the same time, he suspects that the company is an employer of illegal immigrants. Immigration was currently a politically, socially, and legally hot topic in the United States. Laws had been enacted to ensure that employers did not hire illegal immigrants, yet many in the United States said that getting rid of all illegal immigrants was an impossible and, for the U.S. agricultural economy, destructive move. On the surface, HydroFruit was in compliance with all minimum legal requirements, but that didn’t mean that some illegals didn’t slip through the cracks, and the company’s CFO had admitted to Dillon one night that "Without illegals, our industry stops dead." In Dillon’s mind, this comment reinforced his suspicion that HydroFruit was no different from many other employers in the agricultural industry, as well as his belief that it simply wouldn’t be practical for Congress to disrupt such an important segment of the U.S. economy. Yet MegaBank could not invest in a company that it knew--or suspected of--acting illegally.
Learning Efficient Algorithms with Hierarchical Attentive Memory

In this paper, we propose and investigate a novel memory architecture for neural networks called Hierarchical Attentive Memory (HAM). It is based on a binary tree with leaves corresponding to memory cells. This allows HAM to perform memory access in O(log n) complexity, which is a significant improvement over the standard attention mechanism that requires O(n) operations, where n is the size of the memory. We show that an LSTM network augmented with HAM can learn algorithms for problems like merging, sorting or binary searching from pure input-output examples. In particular, it learns to sort n numbers in time O(n log n) and generalizes well to input sequences much longer than the ones seen during the training. We also show that HAM can be trained to act like classic data structures: a stack, a FIFO queue and a priority queue.
Density Functional Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Water–Gas Shift Reaction on Cu/ZnO

We describe a density functional theory based kinetic Monte Carlo study of the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction catalyzed by Cu nanoparticles supported on a ZnO surface. DFT calculations were performed to obtain the energetics of the relevant atomistic processes. Subsequently, the DFT results were employed as an intrinsic database in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that account for the spatial distribution, fluctuations, and evolution of chemical species under steady-state conditions. Our simulations show that, in agreement with experiments, the H2 and CO2 production rates strongly depend on the size and structure of the Cu nanoparticles, which are modeled by single-layer nano islands in the present work. The WGS activity varies linearly with the total number of edge sites of Cu nano islands. In addition, examination of different elementary processes has suggested competition between the carboxyl and the redox mechanisms, both of which contribute significantly to the WGS reactivity. Our results have also in...
Assessing and segmenting entertainment quality variables and satisfaction of live event attendees: A cluster analysis examination

ABSTRACTIn order to better understand and effectively market to patrons who attend live entertainment performances, event venue managers need to have better information regarding these distinctive customers. This study explores the profiles and entertainment quality variables (e.g., performance quality, staff, and event facility) of 13,428 respondents at two venues in order to determine their overall satisfaction, revisit intentions and recommendations to attend an event at each of the respective venues. A principle component analysis revealed two entertainment quality factors, and four distinct patron segments were identified using K-means cluster analysis. These segments significantly differed and the findings may help event venue managers better understand how these patrons differ for future strategic marketing.