cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The physical strength of marine snow and its implications for particle disaggregation in the ocean

Abiotic fragmentation of large, rapidly sinking aggregates into smaller, suspended particles by fluid shear has been suggested as an important process governing the particle size spectrum in the ocean and as one explanation for the exponential decrease of particulate flux with depth below the euphotic zone. We investigated this process by quantifying the small-scale energy dissipation rates required to disaggregate marine snow settling through a gradient of turbulent kinetic energy in a laboratory tank. Aggregates of detrital debris, gelatinous houses of larvacean tunicates, and aggregates of living bacteria did not break apart even at energy dissipation rates > 1 cm2 ss3. The rate of energy dissipation required to disaggregate fragile diatom floes up to 25 mm long ranged from 10m3 to > 1 cm2 se3 and increased exponentially with decreasing maximum aggregate diameter. Aged diatom aggregates were significantly stronger than otherwise identical but unaged particles. These results indicate that only the highest shears associated with storm events or flows in tidal channels would be able to fragment even the most fragile organic aggregates in the upper ocean. Biological processes of disaggregation, such as animal grazing, appear far more likely to mediate the size spectrum of aggregated particulate matter in the ocean than abiotic fragmentation due to fluid motion.
Relationships Between the Perceived Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Treatment Adherence

Approximately 10% to 20% of all pregnancies in the United States are labeled high risk. High-risk pregnancies account for more than half of all fetal and neonatal deaths in the United States (Pernall, Benda,Babson, & Simpson, 1986). Risk is a label used to indicate physiologic, psychologic, individual, or environmental factors that exist during pregnancy and pose some threat to the health of the mother or fetus. Gestational diabetes mellitus is recognized as a high-risk condition for pregnant women because of the potential for increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality related to the disease. Gestational diabetes mellitus affects more than 90,000 pregnancies per year in the United States (Sepe, Connell, Geiss, & Teutsch, 1985). Inadequate glucose control, inadequate fetal surveillance, or failure to adhere to the prescribed treatment plan can complicate pregnancy. In such a case, the pregnant woman with gestational diabetes and her infant are placed at considerable physical and psychologic risk (Levin, Lee, & Marshall, 1986; O'Sullivan, Harris, & Mills, 1985).
Half-Hearted Americanism

Author's summary.— National leaders and enlightened educational spokesmen such as Dr. John W. Studebaker, U. S. Commissioner of Education, wholeheartedly advocate wider and better opportunities for Americans to study foreign languages, particularly those essential to Inter-American understanding; but some educationists still maintain the narrow-minded and short-sighted attitude characteristic of the 1920's. An example of the “Foreign languages are all right, but …” technique. A suggested program for an approach to the problems in Inter-Americanism created by language barriers.)
Simu-Real: A Simulation Approach to Organizational Change

Simu-Real is a method that uses simulation to help an organization become more visible to itself It enables key members of organizations to work together on tasks and issues while at the same time helping them to become more aware of and skilled in dealing with organizational dynamics. Consisting of action periods followed by analysis sessions, the method is used to help client systems explore differences, solve complex problems, work on redesign, determine goals and priorities, and engage in future planning. This article describes how to configure a 1-day, all-person simulation of the basic components of a client organization in a single large space in which participants work within and between groups to deal with a predetermined task that is important to the well-being of the organization. It describes the Simu-Real method, summarizes ground rules, and discusses the role of the Simu-Real facilitator in both action and analysis periods.
Effect of heated and humidified carbon dioxide gas on core temperature and postoperative pain: a randomized trial.

Background: Intraoperative hypothermia is a common event during laparoscopic operations. An external warming blanket has been shown to be effective in preventing hypothermia. It has now been proposed that using heated and humidified insufflation gas can prevent hypothermia and decrease postoperative pain. Therefore, we examined the extent of intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication using an upper body warming blanket. We also attempted to determine whether using heated and humidified insufflation gas in addition to an external warming blanket would help to maintain intraoperative core temperature or decrease postoperative pain. Methods: Twenty patients were randomized to receive either standard carbon dioxide (CO2) gas (control, n = 10) or heated and humidified gas (heated and humidified, n = 10). After the induction of anesthesia, an external warming blanket was placed on all patients in both groups. Intraoperative core temperature and intraabdominal temperature were measured at 15-min intervals. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue pain scale, and the amount of analgesic consumption was recorded. Volume of gas delivered, number of lens-fogging episodes, intraoperative urine output, and hemodynamic data were also recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, length of operation, or volume of CO2 gas delivered. Compared with baseline value, mean core temperature increased by 0.4°C in the heated and humidified group and by 0.3°C in the control group at 1.5 h after surgical incision. Intraabdominal temperature increased by 0.2°C in the heated and humidified group but decreased by 0.5°C in the control group at 1.5 h after abdominal insufflation. There was no significant difference between the two groups in visual analog pain scale (5.4 ± 1.6 control vs 4.5 ± 2.8 heated and humidified), morphine consumed (27 ± 26 mg control vs 32 ± 19 mg heated and humidified), urine output, lens-fogging episodes, or hemodynamic parameters. Conclusion: Heated and humidified gas, when used in addition to an external warming blanket, minimized the reduction of intraabdominal temperature but did not alter core temperature or reduce postoperative pain.
Health Care Reform and the Federal Transformation Initiatives: Capitalizing on the Potential of Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses

In the last decade the US federal government proposed a transformation vision of mental health service delivery; patient-centered, evidence-based and recovery oriented treatment models. Health care reform brings additional expectations for innovation in mental/substance use service delivery, particularly the idea of creating systems where physical health, mental health and substance use treatment is fully integrated. Psychiatric nurses, as one of the four core US mental health professions, have the potential to play a significant role in the both the transformation initiative and health care reform vision. However, psychiatric nurses, particularly advanced practice psychiatric nurses, are an untapped resource due in part to significant state regulatory barriers that limit their scope of practice in many states. The purpose of this paper is to document what is currently known about advanced practice psychiatric nurses and discuss policy implications for tapping into the strengths of this workforce. Strategies for facilitating utilization of advanced practice psychiatric nurses discussed.
Social contexts influence ethical considerations of research.

This article argues that we could improve the design of research protocols by developing an awareness of and a responsiveness to the social contexts of all the actors in the research enterprise, including subjects, investigators, sponsors, and members of the community in which the research will be conducted. “Social context” refers to the settings in which the actors are situated, including, but not limited to, their social, economic, political, cultural, and technological features. The utility of thinking about social contexts is introduced and exemplified by the presentation of a hypothetical case in which one central issue is limitation of the probability of injury to subjects by selection of individuals who are not expected to live long enough for the known risks of the study to become manifest as harms. Benefits of such considerations may include enhanced subject satisfaction and cooperation, community acceptance, and improved data quality, among other desirable consequences.
The making of national identity among older Estonians in the United States

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of national identity throughout adulthood among older Estonians in the United States. The participants of the study arrived in the United States as World War II refugees, fleeing the Soviet occupation of their homeland. The data were collected using in-depth semistructured interviews, participant observations, and publications of the Estonian community. The interview sample consisted of 30 Estonians who were 75–92 years old. Data analysis was guided by the grounded theory approach. The study revealed that for Estonian refugees of the participants' generation, national identity has been a central aspect of their personal and social identities throughout their lives. However, when the participants became refugees, the expressions of national identity intensified and acquired a mission-like character. Now in old age, their national identity provides them with an important source of existential meaning and a basis for social connections.
Surface structure and anatomical aspects of Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata; Pteridaceae)

The objective of this study was to describe a wide spectrum of surface structural and anatomical details of the Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM revealed that the epidermal cells of the pinnae were elongated with raised periclinal and sinuous anticlinal walls. The pinnae were hypostomatous with randomly scattered anomocytic stomatal complexes positioned at the same level as the epidermis. Stomates were large and elliptical (27.4 μm × 10.2 μm). Cross sections from the central regions of the rachis and the stipe revealed V- and U-shaped vascular bundles, respectively. In each vascular bundle, the xylem strands were sea-horse shaped (hippocampus). In contrast, the pinnae possessed a triangular vascular bundle with uniform mesophyll organization comprising of homogenous lobed parenchyma cells. The indumentum consisted of trichomes and scales, which formed various types of vestiture. Trichomes were borne only on the pinnae and scales on the rachis and stipe. The roots developed a dense network of long root hairs averaging 244 μm long, and the xylem consisted of tracheids with scalariform pitting. Sori were submarginal; continuous along both margins of the pinna and were covered with a false indusium. The sporangia were oblong with a short thick stalk and the annulus was positioned vertically resulting in transverse dehiscence of the sporangium. The paraphyses were uniseriate, unbranched, septate and found to be intermixed with the sporangia. The exine of the globose spores was adorned with thick reticulum in which the areoles contained round tubercles. This study describes surface features in detail, which is essential to studies examining the issue of whether morphological characteristics are related to arsenic hyperaccumulation inP. vittata.
Multipattern Rietveld refinement of protein powder data: an approach to higher resolution

By using combinations of multiple protein powder diffraction patterns obtained from an image plate to a d-spacing of 2 A, which differ by solvent-induced and radiation-damage-induced lattice strains, the powder overlap problem is partially resolved in a stereochemically restrained Rietveld refinement. The results for hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) include, for the first time with powder data, placement of a substantial number of water molecules and structural results that approach the quality normally obtained by single-crystal methods. This study explores the lattice strains induced by changes in salt concentration, changes in solvent pH and the effect of low-dose radiation damage. For HEWL, lattice strains are not monotonic, so that with increasing NaCl concentration (0.25–1.25 M) the a axis increases by ∼0.5%, while the c axis decreases by ∼1.5%, and this variation is pH dependent. Low-dose radiation damage similarly induces non-monotonic lattice strains, similar but smaller than those arising from increased salt concentration. The effect of using these powder data in a combined Rietveld analysis is effectively to deconvolute the overlapping reflections by differing shifts in their relative positions.
From Tuning to Spectrum

The related scale for a given spectrum is found by drawing the dissonance curve and locating the minima. The complementary problem of finding a spectrum for a given scale is not as simple, since there is no single “best” spectrum for a given scale. But it is often possible to find “locally best” spectra which can be specified as the solution to a certain constrained optimization problem. For some kinds of scales, such as n-tet, properties of the dissonance curves can be exploited to directly solve the problem. A general “symbolic method” for constructing related spectra works well for scales built from a small number of successive intervals.
Prediction of successful response to multimodality treatment among heroin addicts.

In an effort to identify predictor variables associated with successful response to multimodality treatment among heroin addicts, this investigation compared addict-clients classified by means of behavioral ratings into success and failure groups on 16 social history and 18 psychological variables using stepwise discrimination techniques. Statistical analyses correctly classified 100% of the treatment failure group and 92% of treatment successes. Successful clients were characterized by more advanced educational achievement at intake, later onset of opiate use, higher scores on MMPI Scales Es and L, and lower scores on MMPI Scale 7. Results suggest that collection and analyses of such data at intake may provide a reliable basis for prediction of treatment outcome as well as an objective means for early identification of “high risk” individuals who may require a more concentrated and individualized therapeutic effort.
What produces contrast in a confocal image of unstained tissue? A Monte Carlo simulation

Recently, confocal imaging of reflected light has been proposed as a method to obtain noninvasive microscopic image of unstained tissue in vivo.1 The design of a system with the highest possible contrast requires an understanding of tissue optical properties at the microscopic level. Two potential sources of contrast in reflected-light images at the microscopic scale are changes in the index of refraction and changes in optical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative change required to produce measurable contrast from each of these sources when scattering media are imaged.
Assessment of Wheezing Frequency and Viral Etiology on Childhood and Adolescent Asthma Risk

Rationale: We have previously reported that early rhinovirus (RV) wheezing illnesses are the most robust predictor of asthma development at age 6 years in high-risk children in the Childhood Origins of ASThma (COAST) birth cohort study. We sought to assess the role of etiology and frequency of wheezing illnesses in asthma risk from ages 6 to 13 years. Methods: A total of 259 children were followed prospectively to age 6 years, and 217 were followed to age 13 years. A generalized additive logistic regression model (GAM) of asthma was fit for asthma diagnosed at ages 6, 8, 11, 13 years, with smooth terms for number of RV wheezing illnesses, number of non-RV wheezing illnesses, and their interaction. In the absence of significant interaction the main effect p-values are reported. Results: The number of RV wheezing episodes in early childhood was significantly associated with asthma at all ages (6 years: p<0.0001; 8 years: p<0.0001; 11 years: p=0.0006; 13 years: p=0.002). The number of non-RV wheezing episodes was not significantly associated with asthma (6 years: p=0.06; 8 years: p=0.09; 11 years: p=0.06; 13 years: p=0.33). Conclusion: RV wheezing illnesses remain an important predictor of asthma development in high-risk children and continued research efforts should focus on defining host and viral factors that promote wheezing RV illnesses in early childhood.
Synergism of Five Synthetic Pyrethroids by Chlordimeform Against the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and a Predator, Chrysopa carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Five synthetic pyrethroids were tested alone and in combination with chlordimeform (CDF) for toxicity to Heliothis virescens (F.) and Chrysopa carnea (Stephens). Insecticides-CDF combinations were highly synergistic against the tobacco budworm (TBW) with synergism levels ranging from 7- to 63-fold. CDF alone was highly toxic to C. carnea . All pyrethroid-CDF combinations were highly selective against the TBW except for phenothrin-CDF, and the degree of selectivity was greater at the LC90 than the LC50. Based on these data, pyrethroid-CDF combinations may play an effective role in integrated pest management programs for TBW on cotton.
THE SAFETY DEMONSTRATION OF ZHANGJIANG SLUICE

Combined with the safety appraisernent work of Zhangjiang sluice of Ganzhou city in Jiangxi province,this paper stated the primary content and method of sluice safety appraisement,and according to the relevent regulation and standard ,it made the safety accessment.
Down Syndrome: Changing Cardiac Phenotype?

* Abbreviations: AVSD — : atrioventricular septal defect CHD — : congenital heart defect DS — : Down syndrome Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality, affecting 1 in 700 infants born yearly in the United States.1 The birth prevalence of DS varies internationally among populations, likely due to variations in maternal age, race/ethnicity, use of prenatal screening, and terminations of affected pregnancies.2,3 Approximately half of all infants born with DS also have a congenital heart defect (CHD), the most common type being atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), with rates from 30% to 60%.4 In the era of increasing maternal age and pregnancy terminations,2 it is interesting to investigate if and how the pattern of associated CHDs among infants with DS has changed. In this issue of Pediatrics , Bergstrom et al5 describe the pattern of CHDs among Swedish liveborn infants with DS from 1992 to 2012. In this nationwide, population-based cohort, over half had a CHD; the 3 most common being AVSD, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect. Although the overall rate and risk for CHDs remained constant, differences were noted among CHD phenotypes over time. When adjusting for several factors, … Address correspondence to Tiffany Riehle-Colarusso, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: tcolarusso{at}cdc.gov
Hemodynamic Influence on Smooth Muscle Cell Kinetics and Phenotype During Early Vein Graft Adaptation

Pathologic vascular adaptation following local injury is the primary driver for accelerated intimal hyperplasia and an occlusive phenotype. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation within the wall, and migration into the developing intima, is a major component of this remodeling response. The primary objective in the current study was to investigate the effect of the local biomechanical forces on early vein graft adaptation, specifically focusing on the spatial and temporal response of SMC proliferation and conversion from a contractile to synthetic architecture. Taking advantage of the differential adaptation that occurs during exposure to divergent flow environments, vein grafts were implanted in rabbits to create two distinct flow environments and harvested at times ranging from 2 h to 28 days. Using an algorithm for the virtual reconstruction of unfixed, histologic specimens, immunohistochemical tracking of DNA synthesis, and high-throughput transcriptional analysis, the spatial and temporal changes in graft morphology, cell proliferation, and SMC phenotype were catalogued. Notable findings include a burst of cell proliferation at 7 days post-implantation, which was significantly augmented by exposure to a reduced flow environment. Compared to the adjacent media, proliferation rates were 3-fold greater in the intima, and a specific spatial distribution of these proliferating cells was identified, with a major peak in the sub-endothelial region and a second peak centering on the internal elastic lamina. Genomic markers of a contractile SMC phenotype were reduced as early as 2 h post-implantation and reached a nadir at 7 days. Network analysis of upstream regulatory pathways identified GATA6 and KLF5 as important transcription factors that regulate this shift in SMC phenotype.
PLANT TANNINS AND ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Most victims of esophageal cancer on the island of Curacao habitually consume “teas” of plants with a high level of catechin (condensed) tannin. In bioassay, extracts of 3 of these plants produced fibrosarcomas in 100% of the NIH black rats. Two of these same plants are popular “bush teas” in nearby Falcon, northern Venezuela, where a high frequency of esophageal cancer was uncovered. Field work has shown a high rate of esophageal cancer in 8 adjacent counties of coastal South Carolina and tannin-rich foods, beverages and folk remedies are conspicuous in the histories of esophageal-cancer cases investigated. Red oak bark decoction produced tumors in 100% of experimental NIH black rats; tannin extracts from Liquidambar leaves and from tea (Camellia sinensis), produced tumors in 24 and 28 out of 30 NIH black rats respectively. Betel nut, noted for catechin tannin and carcinogenicity, caused tumors in 100% of NIH black rats injected subcutaneously. Tea is strongly linked with esophageal cancer in Japan, eastern Turkey and northern Iran. High tannin cider should be suspected in northern France. Tannins and associated phenols in beer and liquor casks deserve study, rather than alcohol per se.
Endobronchial valves for bronchopleural fistula: pitfalls and principles.

Background:Placement of endobronchial valves for bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is not always straightforward. A simple guide to the steps for an uncomplicated procedure does not encompass pitfalls that need to be understood and overcome to maximize the efficacy of this modality.Objectives:The objective of this study was to discuss examples of difficult cases for which the placement of endobronchial valves was not straightforward and required alterations in the usual basic steps. Subsequently, we aimed to provide guiding principles for a successful procedure.Methods:Six illustrative cases were selected to demonstrate issues that can arise during endobronchial valve placement.Results:In each case, a real or apparent lack of decrease in airflow through a BPF was diagnosed and addressed. We have used the selected problem cases to illustrate principles, with the goal of helping to increase the success rate for endobronchial valve placement in the treatment of BPF.Conclusions:This series demonstrates issues that...
On the measurement of the electric strength of gases at elevated pressures. III, hexane

It is generally accepted that electric breakdown in low density gases (e.g. hexane vapor) is completely described by the Townsend mechanism of breakdown1. On the other hand, our recent studies using liquid hexane have shown that breakdown does not occur via a Townsend mechanism but rather by means of a thermal mechanism2. It is therefore, of interest to make a systematic study in the intermediate range of densities where a transition from a Townsend to a thermal mechanism may be expected to occur. Accordingly, the electric strength of hexane vapor has been measured at temperatures near critical under conditions where the vapor density was continuously increased by pressure change up to the critical density. Young3 had previously made such a study in the critical region using carbon dioxide; however, it was desirable to repeat this experiment using hexane because of the large accumulation of breakdown data on liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. We present in this paper, the results of such a study and a tentative analysis thereof.
Leukemic Promyelocytes Possess Self-Renewal Capacity and Leukemia Stem Cell Properties in a Mouse Model of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.

It has been determined that within the heterogeneous leukemic population, there is a rare subset of leukemia stem cells that are responsible for continued maintenance and propagation of the tumor. Recent evidence suggests that during disease pathogenesis, more mature progenitor cells are capable of acquiring stem cell-like characteristics including properties of self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate into progeny that lack self-renewing potential. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with the t(15;17)(q22;q12) chromosomal translocation that produces the PML-RARa fusion protein, and is unusual among the various subtypes of AML in that it is characterized by hyperproliferation of differentiated promyelocyte progenitors. In a mouse model in which PML-RARa is expressed under the control of the endogenous murine cathepsin G promoter, we observed that whole bone marrow expressing PML-RARa derived from pre-leukemic mice has certain properties of self-renewal, such as serial replating potential in methylcellulose cultures, and serial transplantation of disease into recipient animals. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we demonstrated that preleukemic PML-RARa animals have an expansion of mature Gr-1+c-kit-CD34− granulocytes that are not capable of self-renewal. However, in the leukemic state, the expanded population shifted to a more immature population with an immunophenotype of Gr-1+c-kit+CD34+. This population was capable of transplanting disease to secondary recipients that recapitulated the disease of the primary donor, and thus contained leukemia-initiating activity. Morphologically, these cells resembled promyelocytes, and their promyelocytic identity was confirmed by quantitative PCR detection of the expression of azurophilic primary granule components associated with the promyelocyte stage of development, including myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin G. However, these cells lacked expression of the secondary granule protein gelatinase B associated with the more mature myelocyte stage of granulocytic differentiation. Additionally, these leukemia-initiating promyelocytes responded to differentiation and cell death signals mediated by administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). These data indicate that in APL, a highly differentiated promyelocyte compartment does in fact possess properties of leukemia stem cells. This suggests that an important step in disease pathogenesis mediated by PML-RARa is the acquisition of properties of self-renewal in a terminally differentiating progenitor that normally lacks this potential.
Effect of pelleting on survival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-contaminated feed

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a heat-sensitive virus that has devastated the U.S. swine industry. Because of its heat sensitivity, we hypothesized that a steam conditioner and pellet mill mimicking traditional commercial thermal processing may mitigate PEDV infectivity. Pelleting, a common feed processing method, includes the use of steam and shear forces, resulting in increased temperature of the processed feed. Two thermal processing experiments were designed to determine if different pellet mill conditioner retention times and temperatures would impact PEDV quantity and infectivity by analysis of quantitative reverse transcription PCR and bioassay. In Exp. 1, a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design was used with 3 pelleting temperatures (68.3, 79.4, and 90.6°C), 3 conditioning times (45, 90, or 180 s), and 2 doses of viral inoculation (low, 1 × 10 tissue culture infectious dose (the concentration used to see cytopathic effect in 50% of the cells)/g, or high, 1 × 10 tissue culture infectious dose/g). Noninoculated and PEDV-inoculated unprocessed mash were used as controls. The low-dose PEDV-infected mash had 6.8 ± 1.8 cycle threshold (Ct) greater ( < 0.05) PEDV than the high-dose mash. Regardless of time or temperature, pelleting reduced ( < 0.05) the quantity of detectable viral PEDV RNA compared with the PEDV-inoculated unprocessed mash. Fecal swabs from pigs inoculated with the PEDV-positive unprocessed mash, regardless of dose, were clinically PEDV positive from 2 to 7 d (end of the trial) after inoculation. However, if either PEDV dose of inoculated feed was pelleted at any of the 9 tested conditioning time × temperature combinations, no PEDV RNA was detected in fecal swabs or cecum content. Based on Exp. 1 results, a second experiment was developed to determine the impact of lower processing temperatures on PEDV quantity and infectivity. In Exp. 2, PEDV-inoculated feed was pelleted at 1 of 5 conditioning temperatures (37.8, 46.1, 54.4, 62.8, and 71.1°C) for 30 s. The 5 increasing processing temperatures led to feed with respective mean Ct values of 32.5, 34.6, 37.0, 36.5, and 36.7, respectively. All samples had detectable PEDV RNA. However, infectivity was detected by bioassay only in pigs from the 37.8 and 46.1°C conditioning temperatures. Experiment 2 results suggest conditioning and pelleting temperatures above 54.4°C could be effective in reducing the quantity and infectivity of PEDV in swine feed. However, additional research is needed to prevent subsequent recontamination after pelleting as it is a point-in-time mitigation step.
An Informational Influence Perspective on (Non) conformity: Perceived Knowledgeability Increases Expression of Minority Opinions

Two studies tested whether perceived knowledgeability, a metacognitive indicator of attitude strength, predicts expression of minority (but not majority) opinions on social/political issues. In Stu...
APPLE IDENTIFICATION IN FIELD ENVIRONMENT WITH OVER THE ROW MACHINE VISION SYSTEM

0 0 1 249 1425 WSU CPAAS 11 3 1671 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri;} Accurate detection and identification of fruits is critically important for the success of developing automated apple harvesting system. Research has been conducted to identify apples in orchard environment with reasonable accuracy when apples are clearly visible or partially occluded. However, only limited work has been carried out to identify fruit in clusters, which is critically important as fruit clusters are common in field conditions. This work focused on accurately identifying partially visible apples and apples in clusters using a machine vision system. An over the row platform with tunnel structure and artificial lighting was used to increase uniformity in imaging environment. Iterative Circular Hough Transform (CHT) was used to detect clearly visible fruit as well as individual fruit in cluster. Partially occluded apples were detected using blob analysis and a clustering algorithm based on Euclidean distance between centroids of blobs was used to merge the parts of an apple divided by occlusion. Potential fruit detected by CHT and blob analysis were passed through a color identification process to decide if they were apples. This algorithm was successfully tested with 60 images of apple trees and resulted with 90% apple identification accuracy. On average, CHT detected 54% of total identified apples whereas blob analysis detected remaining 46% with overall false positive of 1.8% and false negative of 8.2%. The fusion of blob analysis and CHT significantly increased detection accuracy compared to individual methods including that in clusters. The results showed potential for in-field apple identification for automated apple harvesting.
Combinatorial Formula for the Hilbert Series of bigraded $S_n$-modules

We introduce a combinatorial way of calculating the Hilbert series of bigraded $S_n$-modules as a weighted sum over standard Young tableaux in the hook shape case. This method is based on Macdonald formula for Hall-Littlewood polynomial and extends the result of $A$. Garsia and $C$. Procesi for the Hilbert series when $q=0$. Moreover, we give the way of associating the fillings giving the monomial terms of Macdonald polynomials to the standard Young tableaux.
A Behavior Change Framework of Health Socialization and Identity

An individual's identity related to health is critically important in terms of the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors, and guides approaches to health change across the lifespan. This article presents a review of the literature and proposes a health socialization and health identity framework, which may be used to clarify challenges in health behavior changes and also guide intervention efforts. Numerous classic theories of human development, cognition and motivation are reviewed, and suggestions for optimal health identity development are offered.
Magnetic method for the measurement of precipitate particle sizes in a Cu-Co alloy

Extremely small ferromagnetic precipitate particles in a nonmagnetic matrix behave like a paramagnetic substance of very large moment. Magnetization curves of such substances can be used to determine precipitate particle sizes and size distributions. By this means the precipitation of cobalt in a 2 pct Co-Cu alloy has been followed, the effective particle radii growing from 12 to 70A with increasing aging time. The cobalt particles are shown not to be hexagonal, but rather to be either spherical or plate-shaped.
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Isolated to the Adrenal Gland in a Liver Transplant Patient

ABSTRACTPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication that accounts for up to 20% of malignancies after solid organ transplantation. We describe a rare case of isolated PTLD in the adrenal gland occurring 7 months after liver transplant in a patient who developed a pri
Scaling up the interplay of fingering and channeling for unstable water/polymer floods in viscous-oil reservoirs

Abstract Unstable displacement and the resulting viscous fingers remain a challenge for reservoir simulation as practical gridblock sizes are usually much larger than the viscous finger wavelength. Traditional reservoir simulators do not consider sub-grid viscous fingering effects and tend to overestimate the oil recovery at the field scale. Several previous studies suggested that fingering can be ignored at the field scale because channeling (caused by heterogeneity) is dominant, but they missed the existence of viscous fingering at the small scale, which affects the displacement efficiency. In our work, we consider that fingering and channeling coexist in the field across different scales, based on the fact that the heterogeneity increases with the scale. At the small-scale (e.g., lab-scale) where heterogeneity is small, fingering is dominant and causes oil bypassing. An effective-fingering model was developed to scale up fingering effects. The model divides each gridblock into three dynamic regions: two-phase flow, oil single-phase flow, and bypassed-oil regions. Model parameters represent the maximum fraction of viscous fingering and the growth factors of different regions, and they are used to modify flow functions. Model parameters from history-matches of a set of laboratory experiments show clear power-law correlations with a dimensionless viscous finger number, a function of viscosity ratio, fluid velocity, permeability, interfacial tension, and core cross-sectional area. The correlation was achieved at the lab-scale by considering relatively homogeneous cores. We extended it further to the field scale by performing high-order spatially accurate numerical simulations at the intermediate scale using gridblock sizes that are roughly the same as that of the core. Geostatistical realizations of the permeability field were generated with various variances and correlation lengths. In a statistical way, we were able to quantify the viscous finger number for a gridblock at the field-scale affected by various heterogeneities. It is also observed that channelized permeability distributions increase the viscous finger number drastically, showing the important role of channeling in such cases. This new model was applied to a synthetic field case with high heterogeneity undergoing water/polymer floods. It is observed that the oil recovery was improved by the polymer slug because of the enhancement in both local displacement efficiency and sweep efficiency.
Functional safety SoC for autonomous driving

Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for autonomous driving requires high computational power. The requirement on functional safety support in ADAS SoCs is getting strict. This paper discusses two topics: implementation and verification for supporting functional safety. The SoC in this paper introduces hardware built-in self-test (BIST), hardware lock-step, and killer-droop monitor for voltage droop prediction as safety mechanism for supporting automotive safety integrity level (ASIL) B, considering area and power constraints. To verify the safety mechanisms efficiently, the hardware BIST operation is emulated by X-injection to flip-flops in RTL simulation. With this approach, the simulation verification speed can be improved by more than 50 times, compared to the gate level simulation with hardware BIST implemented gate netlist.
Patients' Perceptions of Bedside Rounding.

Objectives Concerns regarding lack of privacy, poor patient understanding, and physician discomfort have led to a decline in rounding at the bedside. Our project explored patient perceptions of the implementation and value of bedside rounding. Methods This mixed-methods study used semi-structured qualitative interviews and a five-item Likert survey, which included questions about patients' experiences with rounds, their comfort level with the rounding process, and their understanding of care after rounds. Interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method and conducted until thematic saturation occurred. Results Patients described positive attributes of bedside rounds: meeting the medical team, helping teach the medical team, and understanding more about their illness. Although patients enjoyed undivided attention from physicians, distractions included too many participants in rounds, confusion about roles, and unclear expectations about the goal of rounds. Although physicians sought to use patient-centered language, 53% of patients stated that medical jargon was still used. Male patients reported a statistically significant improvement in their understanding about the plan for the day and borderline significance regarding knowing who was responsible for their care as compared with female patients. Conclusions Well-conducted, patient-centered bedside rounds greatly enhance patient-physician rapport and foster patient understanding and satisfaction.
Micro Disasters: The Case of Serial Killer Jeffrey Dahmer

Disasters are commonly experienced as major devastating events that exceed the resources of an agency to respond, with effects emanating throughout a community or region. There are, however, those events that are more measured, more subtle, and with few actual deaths, which still distract investigators from their daily duties and routines and project long lasting and crippling effects to a community or nation. Disasters can occur from natural forces or be the result of human activity. Most forensic pathologists who practice over a significant time will encounter one or the other types of disaster, sometimes more than a few. In my own career, I have witnessed large-scale disasters, such as hundreds of deaths occurring as the result of a major heat wave, to small-scale disasters such as factory explosions or small airplane crashes at sea-each with their own challenges. In addition to the extent of the initial disaster, many require the detailed, exhaustive evidentiary recovery and examination of a crime scene. The Jeffrey Dahmer case, although only involving 11 actual victims, required a major disaster response, and continues to influence and affect a community over 25 years later.
A magnetic look into neuromodulation

Hydrogel containing magnetic microparticles allows for noninvasive and remote neuromodulation via magnetomechanical stimulation.
Gene Patents: The Need for Bioethics Scrutiny and Legal Change

A patent holder can choose to license a patented invention to others, can choose to use the patented invention exclusively itself, or can choose to prevent any use of the patented invention by itself or by others. In the gene patent area, the exclusive rights of the patent holder can raise the costs of genetic services, diminish the quality of genetic tests and treatments, and interfere with access to health care.
Results from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Longitudinal Study (CAMELS): Functional outcomes.

Objective To report functional outcomes from the multisite Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Extended Long-term Study (CAMELS), which examined the impact of youth anxiety treatment (cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT], coping cat; Sertraline, SRT; COMB [CBT + SRT]; pill placebo) on (a) global and (b) domain-specific functioning assessed an average of 3.1 times, 3- to 12-years postrandomization (first assessment = mean 6.5 years postrandomization). Method Three-hundred and 19 of 488 families from the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; Walkup et al., 2008) participated. Growth curve modeling examined the impact of treatment condition and acute treatment outcomes (i.e., response, remission) on global functioning, global and domain-specific impairment, and life satisfaction across follow-up visits. Logistic regressions explored the impact of treatment remission and condition on low frequency events (arrests/convictions) and education. Results Treatment responders and remitters demonstrated better global functioning, decreased overall impairment, and increased life satisfaction at follow-up. Treatment remission, but not response, predicted decreased domain-specific impairment (social relationships, self-care/independence, academic functioning), and maintenance of increased life satisfaction across follow-ups. Participants in the CBT condition, compared with pill placebo, demonstrated improved trajectories pertaining to life satisfaction, overall impairment, and impairment in academic functioning. Randomization to CBT or COMB treatment was associated with increasing employment rates. Trajectories for participants randomized to SRT was not significantly different from placebo. Treatment outcome and condition did not predict legal outcomes, school/work variables, or family life. Conclusion Positive early intervention outcomes are associated with improved overall functioning, life satisfaction, and functioning within specific domains 6.5 years posttreatment. Treatment type differentially predicted trajectories of functioning. Findings support the positive impact of pediatric anxiety treatment into adolescence and early adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record
Examination of the admissions process and admissions outcomes of a college of pharmacy in the United States of America

Objective: This study examined the admissions process used for candidate selection in a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) programme in Texas, United States and evaluated the process’s outcomes. Methods: Two years of Pharm.D. admissions data (2015 and 2016) were used. Applicants were divided into three groups: (i) early decision (ED); (ii) auto selected for interview (auto-IV); and (iii) reviewed by committee prior to interview (to committee, RTC). These groups were compared based on their admission’s characteristics, the final outcome of their application, and first-year performance. Results: From the combined data, a total of 968 complete applications were examined, out of which 160 were ED, 449 were auto-IV, and 408 were RTC. Among ED and auto-IV applicants, 110 (68.8%) and 273 (60.8%) were offered admission, respectively. Among the RTC applicants, 91 (22.3%) were interviewed and 30 (7.4%) were offered admission. Out of 18 RTC applicants that completed a full year of pharmacy school, first-year Grade Point Average mean (SD) was 2.99 (0.38) compared to all other applicants, 3.25 (0.49). Conclusion: The auto-interview selection criteria used by the admission committee serves as an efficient screening tool for selecting well-performing applicants. Committee review and evaluation time did not lead to efficient outcomes and could be reviewed for optimisation.
Promoting Health, Safety, and Wellness in Los Angeles County Jails: A Process Evaluation of Gender Responsive Programing for Incarcerated Women

AbstractAs part of our process evaluation into the implementation of gender responsive rehabilitation (GRR) programing at the women’s jail in L.A. County, we documented the planning, rationale, des...
Repair of a previously uncharacterized second host-range gene contributes to full replication of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in human cells

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a widely used vaccine vector for expression of genes of unrelated pathogens, is safe, immunogenic, and can incorporate large amounts of added DNA. MVA was derived by extensively passaging the chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA) vaccine strain in chicken embryo fibroblasts during which numerous mutations and deletions occurred with loss of replicative ability in most mammalian cells. Restoration of the deleted C12L gene, encoding serine protease inhibitor 1, enhances replication of MVA in human MRC-5 cells but only slightly in other human cells. Here we show that repair of the inactivated C16L/B22R gene of MVA enhances replication in numerous human cell lines. This previously uncharacterized gene is present at both ends of the genome of many orthopoxviruses and is highly conserved in most, including smallpox and monkeypox viruses. The C16L/B22R gene is expressed early in infection from the second methionine of the previously annotated Copenhagen strain open reading frame (ORF) as a 17.4-kDa protein. The C16/B22 and C12 proteins together promote MVA replication in human cells to levels that are comparable to titers in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Both proteins enhance virion assembly, but C16/B22 increases proteolytic processing of core proteins in A549 cells consistent with higher infectious virus titers. Furthermore, human A549 cells expressing codon-optimized C16L/B22R and C12L genes support higher levels of MVA replication than cell lines expressing neither or either alone. Identification of the genes responsible for the host-range defect of MVA may allow more rational engineering of vaccines for efficacy, safety, and propagation.
Are Minority and Women Candidates Penalized by Party Politics? Race, Gender, and Access to Party Support:

Racial/ethnic minorities and women continue to be underrepresented in public office in the United States. Here, we evaluate the role of general election political party support for women and minori...