cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Cenozoic evolution of the Lunggar extensional basin, Tibet: Implications for basin growth and exhumation in hinterland plateaus

ABSTRACTNorth-trending rifts and associated strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau suggest Ceno zoic east-west extension, but the domi-nant modes of distributed extensional defor-ma tion and basin formation are unclear. The Lunggar basin in west-central Tibet is bounded by a <40 ° low-angle detachment fault, contains active high-angle normal faults, and displays elevated topography to-ward the central segment of the basin with axial ﬂ uvial drainage toward the northern and southern basin terminations. Structural and stratigraphic features are consistent with a high-angle extensional system that evolved into a low-angle fault and supradetachment basin during progressive extension.This study seeks to constrain the depo-sitional and exhumational history of the Lunggar basin and bounding fault system by assessing the sedimentologic, structural, and thermochronologic record of basin ﬁ ll. Upper Cenozoic facies include alluvial-fan conglomerates and ﬂ uviolacustrine sand-stones and siltstones. Sandstone petrographic data, conglomerate clast compositions, and detrital zircon U-Pb ages indicate systematic unrooﬁ ng of the western footwall (including Jurassic–Cretaceous and Miocene granites that intruded Permian–Cretaceous strata). Paleocurrents are orthogonal or opposite to the current dispersal pattern, suggesting that growth of a modern intrabasin high in the central segment of the basin has modi-ﬁ ed the original basin conﬁ guration. As a proxy for footwall cooling histories, four basin-fill sandstones and 11 leucogranite boulders from proximal hanging-wall strata were sampled for low-temperature thermo-chronometry. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He results suggest that extension was underway by 10–8 Ma, with late Miocene–Pliocene ex-humation rates of roughly 1 km/Myr. This rapid exhumation generated a conglomeratic unrooﬁ ng sequence and promoted hanging-wall rebound and erosional recycling of range-front basin ﬁ ll along the central seg-ment of the detachment fault. The collective results support a model of rift evolution that invokes upper-crustal thinning, supra detach-ment basin subsidence, and subsequent iso-static rebound along the more-evolved central segments of Tibetan extensional systems.INTRODUCTION
Effects of fasting on gulonolactone hydrolase, gulonate NADP oxidoreductase, and hepatic ascorbate in male and female rats.

SummaryStarvation results in a rapid and significant decrease in gulonolactone hydrolase activity in both males and females while gulonate NADP oxidoreductase activity is not diminished in either sex. The fall in gulonolactone hydrolase activity is followed by a significant fall in hepatic ascorbate content. Differences in both gulonolactone hydrolase and hepatic ascorbate, dependent on sex, are obliterated after 9 days of fasting.
‘Wastelandia’: Infrastructure and the Commonwealth of Waste in Urban Ghana

ABSTRACTCan infrastructure provide the basis of urban public life and the foundation for the commonwealth? And how might this be possible in contexts of modernist failure marked by the evacuation of resources, rights, and state investments and the accumulation of waste, from human excreta to industrial discharge and the detritus of everyday consumption? These questions are explored through a case study drawn from the wastelands of Ghana's city of Tema. At the heart of the analysis is an expansive privately owned public toilet complex turned hostel, school room, meeting place, communal kitchen, and fledgling biogas plant. Akin to Hobbes’ Leviathan, here we see a putative ‘state of nature’ transformed into an infrastructure-based commonwealth of waste. Replete with political possibility despite its unstable and unfinished form, this ontological experiment re-assembles social relations by making tangible, scalable, and public the collective force of bodily waste.
Abstract IA30: Technologies for personalizing cancer immunotherapies

At the heart of most cancer immunotherapies are the specific interactions between the principal cancer cell killers, T cells, and antigens presented by the tumor cells. Those interactions may be exposed through the use of checkpoint inhibitors, or they can be amplified through the use of engineered cell-based therapies. A class of antigens that has emerged as being particularly important are neoantigens, which are small fragments of mutated proteins that contain the mutation, and, for CD8+ T cell recognition, are presented by MHC Class I. In principle, neoantigens that draw T cells into a tumor can comprise personalized vaccines, and the T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize those neoantigens can be engineered as personalized cellular therapies. However, identifying which neoantigens are drawing which T cells into the tumor and promoting cell killing has been a challenge. In this talk I will describe an approach, called nanoparticle-barcoded nucleic acid cell sorting (NP-barcoded NACS), designed for this purpose. The approach begins with a list of putative neoantigens generated from in silico analysis of the tumor genome and transcriptome. Those neoantigens are prepared as a NP-barcoded NACS library so that each neoantigen is paired with a DNA barcode. The entire library is then used to precipitate neoantigen specific CD8+ T cell populations from the patient9s tumor or blood. Each cell is then individually decoded using sequential fluorescent reads to identify its cognate antigen, and the T cells may be further separated for single cell TCR sequencing. We have used this method to analyze tumor materials and blood from melanoma cancer patients responding to anti-PD-1 therapy, mouse models of immunotherapy, and tumor materials collected from various other cancer patients. The method, which is shown to be at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than alternative approaches, requires very little material, and so may be used for the analysis of non-expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). I will discuss some of the analytical details of this method, and prospects for harnessing it to develop personalized immunotherapies. I will also provide results of kinetic studies, via blood analysis, that appear to provide insights into patient responses to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Citation Format: James R. Heath, Songming Peng, Alice Hsu, Shannon Esswein, John Heath, Won Jun Noh, Jesse Zaretsky, Toni Ribas. Technologies for personalizing cancer immunotherapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA30.
Nurses Improve Their Communities’ Health Where They Live, Learn, Work, and Play

Nurses are often recognized for their volunteer efforts following disasters and international humanitarian crises. However, little attention is paid to the activities of nurses who promote a culture of health in their communities through local volunteer work. In this article, we describe nurses' perceptions of how they promote health in their communities through formal and informal volunteer work. Using 315 written responses to an open-ended question included in a 2016 survey of the career patterns of nurses in the U.S., we utilized conventional content analysis methods to code and thematically synthesize responses. Two broad categories of nurse involvement in volunteer activities arose from the participants' responses to the open-ended question, "Please tell us what you have done in the past year to improve the health of your community": 17% identified job-related activities, and 74% identified non-job-related activities. 9% of respondents indicated they do not participate in volunteer work. Job-related activities included patient education, educating colleagues, and "other" job-related activities. Non-job-related activities included health-related community volunteering, volunteering related to a specific population or disease, family-related volunteering, church activities, health fairs, raising or donating money, and travelling abroad for volunteer work. Nurses are committed to promoting a culture of health in their communities both at work and in their daily lives. Leveraging nurses' interest in volunteer work could improve the way nurses engage with their communities, expand the role of nurses as public health professionals, and foster the social desirability of healthful living.
An accelerated randomized extended Kaczmarz algorithm

The randomized Kaczmarz(RK) is a useful algorithm for solving consistent linear system A x = b (A ∈ m×n, b ∈ ). It was proved that for inconsistent linear system, with randomized orthogonal projection, the randomized extended Kaczmarz(REK) method converges with an expected exponential rate. We describe an accelerated randomized extended Kaczmarz algorithm(AREK) with Nesterov's accelerated procedure. The analysis shows that AREK converges better than REK when A is dense and the smallest singular value of A T A is small.
The State and the Development of the Automotive Industry

Using a case study of Slovakia, this chapter considers the role of the state in the rapid growth of the automotive industry in East-Central Europe. Although this growth has been mainly driven by the investment strategies of automotive lead firms, the state has played an important role by accommodating the strategic needs of foreign capital through neoliberal economic policies. In addition to secondary sources, the empirical research is based on a 2010 survey of 299 Slovak-based automotive firms with a response rate of 44% and on 50 on-site firm-level interviews conducted between 2011 and 2015. The analysis draws upon approaches in Economic Geography, International Political Economy and upon Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks perspectives to argue that the successful development of the automotive industry in Slovakia and East-Central Europe as a whole has been achieved at the expense of its overwhelming dependence on foreign capital and corporate capture. The chapter considers the potential consequences of dependent industrial development for the domestic automotive industry and its position in the international division of labor.
Impact of a Jet A-1/HEFA blend on the performance and emission characteristics of a miniature turbojet engine

It is forecast that in the future, alternative fuels derived from non-petroleum sources will become the basic propellant for turbine aircraft engines. Currently, five types of aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons are certified and accepted, and allow adding a maximum of 50% of synthetic component to conventional fuel. The experimental performance and the emission characteristics of a turbojet engine were investigated in this paper. The studies were conducted with the use of a miniature turbojet engine, which is the main component of a laboratory test rig. The test rig is an interesting solution for engine research, due to the fact that studies concerning full-scale aircraft engines are very complex and expensive. The literature of the subject contains many papers using small-scale turbojet engines for testing alternative fuels. However, most of them concern components of fuels, e.g. biodiesel, butanol, which do not have direct application in aviation. Two different fuel samples, a conventional Jet A-1 fuel and a blend of 48% synthesized paraffinic kerosene from hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids process with Jet A-1 were tested. This process is one of the routes of producing alternative fuel for aviation, approved by ASTM standard. The test rig studies were performed according to a specific profile of engine test, which models different modes of a turbojet engine’s operation. The obtained results are compared in relation to the results for neat Jet A-1 fuel and then discussed.
Overview of Experimental Tools

This chapter reviews a range of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, including conventional electron microscopy, High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM), Z-contrast imaging, Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), and spectrum imaging (SI). The latter three will be discussed in relation to Scanning TEM (STEM). The key aspects of these techniques will be described in detail, emphasizing their strengths and drawbacks. Moreover, various simulation techniques will be discussed in the chapter, and a short summary of advances in electron optics will be provided.
Systolic arrays for finite element analysis

Abstract Systolic machines or arrays are devices attached to a conventional computer to perform special-purpose functions with extremely high speed. In this paper, systolic assembly-factorization networks for the stiffness method and the natural factor approach of finite element analysis are presented. The approach is to chain together two or more systolic arrays with compatible data flow patterns such that regularity of data flow can be maintained. By allowing concurrent operations, the time complexity required to execute the assembly-factorization networks is O(N), where N is the number of nodal variables or degrees of freedom in the finite element mesh.
Watershed-Estuary Coupling in Pacific Panama: Isotopic Evidence of Forest and Pasture Land Covers on Watersheds and Marine Contributions to Suspended Particulate Matter in Mangrove Estuaries

Tropical estuaries are increasingly altered by inputs from watersheds subject to widespread deforestation, as well as by globally driven hydrodynamic changes in adjoining seas. To assess contributions of C4 and C3 plants (from pasture and forest vegetation cover, respectively) to particulates exported from Pacific Panama watersheds, we measured δ13C and δ15N in suspended particulate matter (SPM) within eight mangrove estuaries whose watersheds differed in degree of conversion from forest to pasture land cover. These measurements also allowed evaluation of down-estuary transformations and the relative marine influence on transport and exchanges of particles between land, estuary, and sea. Imprint of watershed mosaic was detectable in δ13C of SPM within upper reaches of estuaries but disappeared down-estuary. Detectably heavier δ13C suggested that C4 plants contributed to SPM in upper reaches of estuaries. δ13C signatures were sufficiently sensitive to reveal presence of a small, but still detectable, contribution by C4 grasses to SPM. Influence of heavier marine-derived sources increased down-estuary, erasing terrestrial imprints. δ13C and δ15N in SPM, and in mangrove species present, became enriched down-estuary, likely from increased inputs of particulates bearing heavier signatures from upwelled waters. In this tropical Pacific region, estuarine particulates are subject to increasing shifts in land cover as deforestation increases, and to global-scale changes in hydrodynamic forcing of upwelled waters.
First-Principles Study of Phase Equilibria in the Ni-Cr System

The relative importance of various free energy contributions to phase stability in the Ni-Cr system is investigated using total energy calculations in the local density approximation combined with the cluster expansion and the cluster variation method. In particular, we develop a formalism to calculate the vibrational free energy in disordered alloys exhibiting short-range order. The methodology is well adapted to be used in conjunction with first-principles total energy calculations. It is found that the coupling between configurational and displacive degrees of freedom is crucial for the accurate description of the equilibrium phase diagram of the Ni-Cr system, with electronic excitations playing a less important role and the effects of short-range order being essentially negligible.
L-Proline site for triggering Bacillus megaterium spore germination.

Abstract Germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores can be triggered by L-proline chloromethyl ketone at ∼ 10 fold lower concentrations than L-proline. [3H] L-proline chloromethyl ketone bound to several protein fractions, one of which was decreased in a mutant (JV137) that cannot be triggered by L-proline. Treatment of spores with [3H] acetic anhydride specifically inhibited L-proline triggered germination, and also covalently modified the same protein fraction which appears to be bound to the spore membrane. These results indicate that it is possible to identify a protein fraction in spores that may play a key role in triggering spore germination.
The Molecular Basis of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance

Type 2 diabetes (previously called non-insulin dependent diabetes, NIDDM) is a common, phenotypically heterogeneous syndrome that has a strong genetic basis, most clearly indicated by the roughly 70% concordance in identical sibs, a concordance at least twice as high as in nonidentical sibs, and also considerably higher than the 30-40% concordance observed in identical twins sets, wherein one sib has autoimmune Type 1 diabetes (1). Despite this convincing evidence for heritability, it is clear that environmental factors greatly affect the penetrance of the Type 2 diabetic phenotype. In particular, dietary composition, overall calorie excess leading to weight gain in adult life, and low physical activity each strongly promote the expression of Type 2 diabetes (2). Moreover, epidemiologic evidence points to strong correlations between several aspects of the intrauterine environment and prenatal nutritional experience and the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes as an adult. This has been well described in the Native American population known as the Pima Indians of Arizona; in comparing the offspring of Type 2 diabetic mothers, the presence of hyperglycemia in utero is associated with a much higher prevalence of diabetes in adult life than occurs if the mother became hyperglycemic only after the pregnancy. Infants of hyperglycemic diabetic mothers are hyperinsulinemic in utero and large at birth, reflecting the strong positive influence of insulin on fetal growth. Conversely, evidence both in the Pima and several other populations (UK, Hispanic-American) indicates that low birth weight (<2500gms) and low weight at one year also correlate positively with the emergence in adult life of a syndrome of insulin resistance, hypertension and excess atherosclerotic vascular disease (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
Adventures of Two Student Research Computing Facilitators

The NSF-sponsored Northeast Cyberteam program (https://necyberteam.org) is matching student research computing facilitators with research projects at small and medium sized institutions that need help making use of high performance computing resources. Students are selected based on relevant domain knowledge and level of interest in exploring the Research Computing Facilitator role as a career path. Each student is paired with an experienced mentor, and each project lasts 3-5 months.The poster presents results from two of the ~10 Northeast Cyberteam projects that are either completed or in progress at the time of the conference. Students will be prepared to discuss the research projects that they supported, how their efforts advanced each project, reflections on what they learned about the Research Computing Facilitator role, and recommendations on how other sites might make best use of students as Research Computing Facilitators.In the first project, conducted at the University of Maine, improvements to application performance and parallelization have enabled production of forest attribute data at significantly higher volume, changing the philosophy of forest mapping from creating a single map to creating and assessing thousands of maps, making it possible to assess and (to some degree) trade off errors between maps.The second project expanded efforts to introduce computational chemistry into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum at Bridgewater State University. Having access to a high performance computer cluster allows for studying "real world" systems and also provides students with an opportunity to experience how research computing is done in academia and/or chemical/pharmaceutical industries.
Secular trends in semen parameters among men attending a fertility center between 2000 and 2017: Identifying potential predictors.

Abstract Background Multiple meta-analyses have shown sperm count declines in Western countries spanning eight decades. Secular trends in other parameters remain unclear, as are potential predictors of these trends. Objective To analyze secular trends in semen quality and to evaluate whether factors previously found to be related to semen quality were responsible for these patterns. Methods This is a prospective study including 936 men of couples seeking infertility treatment who provided 1618 semen samples at a single center (2000–2017). Self-reported demographic, nutritional and reproductive characteristics were collected using standardized questionnaires. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A, parabens and phthalates were quantified by isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Semen samples were analyzed for volume, sperm concentration, count, motility and morphology following WHO guidelines. We estimated the differences in semen parameters over time by fitting generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts to account for repeated samples while adjusting for abstinence time. We also adjusted for demographic, nutritional and environmental factors to investigate these as potential predictors of time trends. Results Sperm concentration and count declined by 2.62% per year (95% CI −3.84, −1.38) and 3.12% per year (95% CI: −4.42, −1.80), corresponding to an overall decline of 37% and 42%, respectively, between 2000 and 2017. Decreasing trends were also observed for total motility (per year: −0.44 percentage units, 95% CI −0.71, −0.17) and morphologically normal sperm (per year: −0.069 percentage units, 95% CI −0.116, −0.023). These decreases reflected relative percentage declines of 15% and 16% over the 17 year study period, respectively. When reproductive factors were included in the model, the downward trends in sperm concentration and sperm count were attenuated by 29% and 26%, respectively, while the trends in motility and morphology were attenuated by 54% and 53%, respectively. Also, the downward trends in both sperm concentration and sperm morphology over time were attenuated by 19% when including the DEHP and non-DEHP metabolites, respectively. Conclusions Sperm concentration, total count, motility and morphology significantly declined between 2000 and 2017 among subfertile men. These negative trends were attenuated when considering simultaneous changes in reproductive characteristics and urinary phthalates during the course of the study.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a 4*4 Butler Matrix Feeding Network Antennas with 26 GHz

A simulation of the matrix of Butler without network of antennas was made to obtain the level-headedness in amplitude and in phase which must be distributed to every radiant element and determine the radiation pattern. Then, we shall proceed to a global simulation of the matrix with its network of antennas to calculate the parameters S of reflection and insulation of the ways of entrance and see an approach to radiation pattern of all of matrix.
Adaptable Crosslinks in Polymeric Materials: Resolving the Intersection of Thermoplastics and Thermosets.

The classical division of polymeric materials into thermoplastics and thermosets based on covalent network structure often implies that these categories are distinct and irreconcilable. Yet, the past two decades have seen extensive development of materials that bridge this gap through incorporation of dynamic crosslinks, enabling them to behave as both robust networks and moldable plastics. Although their potential utility is significant, the growth of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) has obscured the line between “thermoplastic” and “thermoset” and erected a conceptual barrier to the growing number of new researchers entering this discipline. This Perspective aims to both outline the fundamental theory of CANs and provide a critical assessment of their current status. We emphasize throughout that the unique properties of CANs emerge from the network chemistry, and particularly highlight the role that the crosslink exchange mechanism (i.e., dissociative exchange or associative exchange) plays in the res...
Chapter 18 – The Noble Gases

The noble gases are relatively unreactive, but not completely so. Helium is produced by radioactive processes involving the loss of alpha particles, He2+. Radon is a product in the decay of naturally occurring uranium isotopes. It is a radioactive heavy gas that collects in low places and its decay can cause cancer. Although there are some known compounds of other noble gases, the majority are xenon compounds, especially the fluorides. In addition to XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6, several oxyhalide compounds have been prepared. As in the case of the halogens, numerous cationic and anionic species are also known. The oxides are explosive, but the xenates, XeOnz−, are similar in some ways to the analogous halogen species. Some of the fluorides are useful fluorinating agents.
Being Accepted or Ostracized: How Social Experience Influences Consumer Responses to Advertisements with Different Regulatory Focus

Social experience (i.e., social inclusion versus exclusion) is an important factor that influences consumer behaviors but has not been adequately examined in advertising research. To fill this gap,...
The Role of the Child Microcomputer Expert in an Elementary Classroom: A Theme Emerging from a Naturalistic Study

AbstractThe interaction of the child microcomputer expert emerged as a major theme during a naturalistic study of the social interaction surrounding a microcomputer in an elementary classroom. The study was conducted in a naturally occurring classroom at the time of a microcomputer’s introduction into each of the classrooms of a private elementary school. The study employed observation, videotaping and transcriptions, questionnaires, and interviews over a period of four months, beginning two weeks before the introduction of the microcomputer and continuing for fourteen weeks afterwards. It became evident that one child had more experience with microcomputers and programs than the other students. Because the teacher was relatively inexperienced in microcomputer use, the teacher designated this child as the resource person for students learning to use the microcomputer. Several negative characteristics of the expert-peer interaction were observed. The effect on role definition of “teacher” and the frequency...
Compatibilization of iPP/HDPE Blends with PE-g-iPP Graft Copolymers

The compatibilization of polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends is of particular interest due to the challenges associated with recycling these plastics from mixed waste streams...
You can have both: Coaching to promote clinical competency and professional identity formation.

Coaching is a critical tool to guide student development of clinical competency and formation of professional identity in medicine, two inextricably linked concepts. Because progress toward clinical competence is linked to thinking, acting and feeling like a physician, a coach’s knowledge about a learner’s development of clinical skills is essential to promoting the learner’s professional identity formation. A longitudinal coaching program provides a foundation for the formation of coach-learner relationships built on trust. Trusting relationships can moderate the risk and vulnerability inherent in a hierarchical medical education system and allow coaching conversations to focus on the promotion of self-regulated learning and fostering skills for life-long learning. Herein, we describe a comprehensive, longitudinal clinical coaching program for medical students designed to support learners’ professional identify formation and effectively promote their emerging competence.
Designing Palpable Data Representations.

This paper discusses a multisensory approach to data representation with a specific focus on haptic media. In this, I provide a philosophical and methodological overview of my design process informed by the following themes and topics: 1) the haptic subject; 2) touch as political; 3) co-formed knowledge; and 4) arts-based research methods. The overview is further contextualized by a thorough analysis of collaborative work Vibrant Lives, a 4-year project that includes a suite of unique, custom-designed, vibrotactile interfaces that give audiences a real-time experience of their own personal data output. I continue my analysis by sharing observations from a series of workshops I conducted with haptified archive data. In conclusion, I reflect on issues of user ethics, agency, and control when designing touch-based experiences of data in a multisensory installation setting.
Pauli matrices immersion

Abstract Spin polarization, a major consideration in materials science, has a three-dimensional Euclidean background, but quantum spin has a non-Euclidean ambient space of the Dirac spinor. This paper bridges the gap by the linear algebra of complexification to cast imaginary numbers in a two-dimensional real space. As real and imaginary eigenvalues together describe motions in the physical space, we immerse Pauli matrices in a three-dimensional ambient space. Thereupon we present an alternative explanation of the anti-matter asymmetry, with implications on spin polarization in electronic engineering and materials science.
The effects of high fat diet, bone healing, and BMP-2 treatment on endothelial cell growth and function

Abstract Angiogenesis is a vital process during the regeneration of bone tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate angiogenesis at the fracture site as well as at distal locations from obesity-induced type 2 diabetic mice that were treated with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2, local administration at the time of surgery) to heal a femoral critical sized defect (CSD) or saline as a control. Mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce a type 2 diabetic-like phenotype while low fat diet (LFD) animals served as controls. Endothelial cells (ECs) were isolated from the lungs (LECs) and bone marrow (BMECs) 3 weeks post-surgery, and the fractured femurs were also examined. Our studies demonstrate that local administration of BMP-2 at the fracture site in a CSD model results in complete bone healing within 3 weeks for all HFD mice and 66.7% of LFD mice, whereas those treated with saline remain unhealed. At the fracture site, vessel parameters and adipocyte numbers were significantly increased in BMP-2 treated femurs, irrespective of diet. At distal sites, LEC and BMEC proliferation was not altered by diet or BMP-2 treatment. HFD increased the tube formation ability of both LECs and BMECs. Interestingly, BMP-2 treatment at the time of surgery reduced tube formation in LECs and humeri BMECs. However, migration of BMECs from HFD mice treated with BMP-2 was increased compared to BMECs from HFD mice treated with saline. BMP-2 treatment significantly increased the expression of CD31, FLT-1, and ANGPT2 in LECs and BMECs in LFD mice, but reduced the expression of these same genes in HFD mice. To date, this is the first study that depicts the systemic influence of fracture surgery and local BMP-2 treatment on the proliferation and angiogenic potential of ECs derived from the bone marrow and lungs.
Marketing and the law

Marketing decisions are particularly vulnerable to legal rulings made in both the courts and the legislatures. The effective management of those legal implications challenges the modern marketing professional. Grasping marketing’s overall legal environment, including its governing case law, regulatory statutes, and future trends, is essential. These reviews will provide analysis of recent court cases and legislation with particular emphasis on creatively assisting the marketer’s management of the legal factor.
Analyzing how forest-based amenity values and carbon storage benefits affect spatial targeting for conservation investment

Abstract We analyze how two different ecosystem services: forest-based amenity values and carbon storage benefits, affect spatial targeting for conservation investment for protected area acquisition using selected forest clusters in Knox County, Tennessee in the United States. We determine return-on-investment (ROI) for these two different forest-based ecosystem services by estimating amenity values and carbon storage amounts using hedonic price model and dynamic Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), respectively, and corresponding acquisition costs at the forest cluster level. Our findings of the optimal protected area acquisition in the form of forest clusters serve as an empirically informed knowledge base to help both the conservation and planning agencies in prioritizing acquisition of potential protected areas depending on their preferences. By using carbon and amenity ROIs in spatial targeting of forest clusters within the multi-objective optimization set up, we not only addressed the spatial heterogeneity in the carbon storage benefits and amenity values but also the spatial heterogeneity in cluster acquisition costs. We also found that selection decisions were dictated by the weakly negative correlation (−0.16) between the carbon and amenity ROIs instead of weakly positive correlation (0.14) between carbon storage benefits and amenity values. Since the spatial distribution of carbon and amenity ROIs were weakly negatively correlated, there were apparent conflicts between the objectives of maximizing forest carbon storage and amenity value. This resulted in concave frontiers with tradeoffs between the objectives implying variation in spatial distribution of the selected forest clusters letting the conservation and planning agencies decide combination of strategies which best fit their preferences.
Predicting Future Mobility Limitation in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Analysis of Health ABC Study Data.

BACKGROUND Mobility limitation in older adults is common and associated with poor health outcomes and loss of independence. Identification of at-risk individuals remains challenging because of time-consuming clinical assessments and limitations of statistical models for dynamic outcomes over time. Therefore, we aimed to develop machine learning models for predicting future mobility limitation in older adults using repeated measures data. METHODS We used annual assessments over nine years of follow-up from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study to model mobility limitation, defined as self-report of any difficulty walking a quarter mile or climbing 10 steps. We considered 46 predictors, including demographics, lifestyle, chronic conditions and physical function. With a split sample approach, we developed mixed models (generalized linear and Binary Mixed Model forest) using: 1) all 46 predictors, 2) a variable selection algorithm, and 3) the top five most important predictors. Age was included in all models. Performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) in two internal validation datasets. RESULTS AUC ranged from 0.80-0.84 for the models. The most important predictors of mobility limitation were ease of getting up from a chair, gait speed, self-reported health status, body mass index and depression. CONCLUSIONS Machine learning models using repeated measures had good performance for identifying older adults at-risk of developing mobility limitation. Future studies should evaluate the utility and efficiency of the prediction models as a tool in clinical settings for identifying at-risk older adults who may benefit from interventions aimed to prevent or delay mobility limitation.
Elite Cues and Popular Apolitical Issues: Evidence from Daylight Savings Time

Although much is known about the nature of elite influence on public opinion, its limits remain unclear. One area where elite cues might be less powerful is on popular apolitical issues that are part of everyday life. The current study investigates this question through a useful example: making daylight savings time (DST) permanent. This idea, where opinions likely already developed based on personal experiences outside politics, is broadly supported but non-politicized. In 2019, it received public support on Twitter by a prominent party leader -- then-president Donald Trump. Using his real endorsement tweet as a treatment, two survey experiments show Trump moves Republicans to favor and Democrats to oppose making DST permanent. But effects are weak in terms of size and significance -- especially when compared to party leader effects in other contexts -- perhaps revealing limits on elite influence in a popular apolitical realm. In this context, the study also provides suggestive evidence that expressive responding does not plague elite cue effects.
Aspects of pH i Regulation in Frog Skeletal Muscle

Publisher Summary Intracellular pH (pH i ) in cells is higher than it would be if H ions were in electrochemical equilibrium. At steady state, this high pH i is maintained by acidifying influences—such as H influx, metabolic acid production, and HCO 3 efflux—suggesting the presence of active transport systems that remove acid equivalents from the cell. This chapter describes the results of studies on pH i regulation in frog skeletal muscle and the changes affecting the steady state pH i . It also describes the properties of the membrane transport systems responsible for pH i regulation and some factors that can modify this regulation. In addition, a comparison between pH i regulation in frog muscle with that in other cells is presented. The membrane transport systems responsible for pH i recovery from acid load in frog muscle fibers are (1) Na–H exchange that can be inhibited by amiloride or by removal of Na from the external medium, and (2) a system that requires HC0 3 , Cl, and Na, can be inhibited by 4-acetamide-4′-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (SITS). The Na–H exchanger seems to be equally active in normally polarized and depolarized fibers, whether they are acidified by CO 2 or by an NH 4 Cl prepulse. The SITS-sensitive component manifests itself when the fibers are acidified and depolarized. The resulting elevation of intracellular Cl may be necessary for the appearance of this component of recovery. When normally polarized cells are acidified with CO 2 , an acidifying HCO 3 efflux masks the pH i recovery. The Na–H exchanger in frog muscle is comparable to that in a variety of other vertebrate cells, while the SITS-sensitive component may be more similar to that found in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells.
Reasoned Administration: The European Union, the United States, and the Project of Democratic Governance

This article focuses on the right to reasons and the practice of administrative reason giving. This is a common and important feature of both EU and U.S. administrative law and, I will argue, a somewhat under-theorized one. The article therefore seeks to explain why reason giving is so prominent a part of both administrative systems, how it functions juridically, and, most crucially, what the reasons are for demanding reasons or for providing a "right" to reasoned administration. In the course of that exploration, I hope to show that the reasons most commonly advanced for reason giving in both the EU and the U.S. systems tend to ignore reason giving's most fundamental function - the creation of authentic democratic governance.
The reaction of atomic oxygen with Si(100) and Si(111): II. Adsorption, passive oxidation and the effect of coincident ion bombardment

Abstract The reactions of atomic oxygen with the (100) and (111) surfaces of silicon have been investigated by employing supersonic molecular beam techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS). Atomic oxygen adsorbs with unit probability on the clean silicon surface, independent of substrate temperature (110–800 K) and incident mean translational energy (3–16 kcal mol−1). Oxidation of clean silicon with an oxygen atom beam is characterized by wo stages: a “fast” stage that corresponds to oxygen chemisorption in the topmost 2–3 silicon layers; and a “slow” stage that corresponds to oxygen incorporation and oxide film growth. The chemisorption stage is described by first-order Langmuirian kinetics with an apparent saturation coverage of approximately 4 ML O(a), the oxide growth stage by lddirect” logarithmic kinetics, where dx/dt = α exp(−x/L), where x is the oxide thickness. Observation of significant oxidation at substrate temperatures of 110 K suggests that oxie growth in the slow stage may occur bya field-assisted mechanism, where an internal electric field aids transport of oxygen to the underlying silicon substrate layers. XPS and ISS results support a two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth mechanism for oxidation at substrate temperatures below 900 K. At higher temperatures, T ≥ 1050 K, oxide growth is three-dimensional involving nucleation and growth of bulk-like oxide islands even for mean coverages as low as 3 ML O(a). ISS results lend support to the formation of “on-top” adsorbed oxygen atoms that cap silicon dangling bonds at the oxide/gas interface. Coincident bombardment of the silicon substrate with an Ar− ion beam leads to an enhanced rate of oxidation. The enhancement can be understood in terms of a model involving secondary implantation of adsorbed oxygen atoms, coupled with the simultaneous formation of reactive sites (e.g., dangling bonds, vacancies) for oxygen chemisorption. The effect of coincident ion bombardment is reduced at elevated substrate temperatures (∼ 800 K), since the resulting increased propensity for adlayer rearrangement leads to a decrease in the number of active sites for oxygen chemisorption.
Interaction of ricin and Shiga toxins with ribosomes.

Ricin and Shiga toxins designated as ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are RNA N-glycosidases that depurinate a specific adenine (A4324 in rat 28S rRNA) in the conserved α-sarcin/ricin loop of the large rRNA, inhibiting protein synthesis. Evidence obtained from a number of studies suggests that interaction with ribosomal proteins plays an important role in the catalytic activity and ribosome specificity of RIPs. This review summarizes the recent developments in identification of the ribosomal proteins that interact with ricin and Shiga toxins and the principles governing these interactions.
Developmentally important DNA elements within the bovine opsin upstream region.

Purpose. Nuclear run-on analysis has documented three categories of opsin gene expression during bovine fetal retinal development : basal levels of transcription occurring before 6 months gestation ; opsin-specific enhanced levels of fetal transcription at 7-7.5 months gestation; and a switch from fetal to adult transcription, where transcriptional activity acquires a sarkosyl sensitive component in the adult. To begin determining the mechanism of these multiple levels of gene regulation, DNA regulatory elements within 2.1 kb of the rod opsin upstream region were identified in fetal and adult bovine retinal extracts that represented the transcriptional activities characteristic of each stage of opsin gene expression. Methods. DNAse I footprint experiments were performed on fetal and adult bovine retinal extracts from each of the developmental stages of opsin expression. Results. Ten regions of protection were mapped and the level of protection was quantitated as a function of the developmental stage. Conclusions. The 10 DNA elements identified fell into three categories of developmental protection : those elements that were protected similarly at each developmental stage ; those elements that were more highly protected when opsin transcription was at basal levels (i.e., less than 6 months gestation) ; and those elements that were more highly protected in fetal ages as compared to the adult animal. These elements are likely to be important in the developmental regulation of rod opsin gene expression.
Physical Structure and Admiistration of Science and Technology Libraries

This article discusses the results of a survey tracing the evolution of the physical and administrative structures of science and technology libraries in 75 ARL institutions in the United States and Canada from the 1940's through the 1980's. The physical structure of science and technology libraries is compared on the basis of private vs. public universities, age, size, and geographic location.
SU-E-T-429: Image-Guided Eye Plaque Brachytherapy Optimization: Implications for Patients at 2-Year Follow-up.

Purpose: Episcleral eye plaque brachytherapy has been utilized in the treatment of intra‐ocular malignancies, delivering large prescription doses to the apex of the tumor. Advances in dose calculation and image guidance, via calibrated fundus images, enable localization of the tumor and determination of dose to the macula, optic disc, and lens. A two‐year post‐implant study aims to correlate dosimetry with local tumor control and changes in visual acuity, as well as assess the need for plaque optimization with respect to critical structures. Methods: A retrospective, two‐year follow‐up study of 21 patients who have received episcleral eye plaque brachytherapy at our institution was used to correlate dosimetry with clinical outcomes and evaluate the need for eye plaque optimization. BEBIG Plaque Simulator wasused in treatment planning; fundus photographs were registered for tumor localization and the TG43‐U1 formulism enabled dose calculation of I‐125‐ loaded COMS plaques. Doses to the apex, macula, and optic disc were correlated to changes in apex height and visual acuity. Selected patients were replanned using optimization strategies to reduce dose to critical structures. Results: A total of seven patients (33%) noted improved eyesight at two years. 11 (52%) patients lost at least two lines of vision at two years. Two patients saw increases in apical height (9%) within two years. Optimized eye plaque plans were able to reduce optic disc and macular doses (average 68Gy and 80Gy, respectively) by 36% and 25% on the average, while maintaining the prescribed dose.Conclusion:Image guidance and optimization are important tools that can aid in treatment of intra‐ocular malignancies, as these techniques provide physicists with the ability to spare critical structures while delivering the prescription dose, thus increasing the possibility of local control and vision sparing.