cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Interrelationship of Personal Jurisdiction and Choice of Law: Forging New Theory through Asahi Metal Industry Co. v Superior Court

Although individual Supreme Court Justices have suggested from time to time that the considerations which influence determinations of personal jurisdiction are similar to those involved in determining choice of law, the Court has resisted attempts to equate the two processes. This Article asserts that the first stage of the minimum contacts test for determining specific in personam jurisdiction is identical to the test for determining whether a forum is entitled to apply its law to a part of any controversy before it. Recognition of this concept by courts and commentators would provide greater consistency and theoretical clarity to decisions regarding both personal jurisdiction and choice of law.The consideration of this relationship will take place in three parts. Part I briefly reviews the principal differences between specific and general jurisdiction. Part I also introduces the proposition that knowing whether the type of jurisdiction which may be obtained over a defendant is specific or general determines which forum's law may be applied to his conduct.In disputes having multi-state aspects, courts are called upon to decide which forum's law should apply to various elements of the litigation. Courts have unquestionable power only to apply their own jurisdiction's laws. Part II discusses how courts may obtain the power to apply the laws of another forum.Part III applies this Article's thesis to the Supreme Court's most recent personal jurisdiction case, Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court, to demonstrate how an understanding of what law could be applied to the litigation can directly determine whether personal jurisdiction is appropriate.When the interrelationship between personal jurisdiction and choice of law is properly understood and applied, choice of law and personal jurisdiction problems do not disappear, but they do become manageable. In Asahi, the Supreme Court reached the right result, but via an incorrect route. This Article suggests that the better route to a correct result in Asahi and other personal jurisdiction/conflicts cases is to answer personal jurisdiction questions in conjunction with determining what law could properly be applied to the facts.
Side-Channel Attacks and Countermeasures for Embedded Microcontrollers

While trustworthy hardware helps to establish the basis of trustworthy computing, most applications in embedded security rely to a significant extent on software. Smart-cards are an excellent example. A smart-card is an embedded computer in the form factor of a credit card with an integrated microcontroller. In contrast to a credit card, a smart-card thus has an active component. This allows the card to execute one side of a cryptographic protocol, such as digital signature-generation. Crypto-protocols are build using crypto-algorithms including symmetric-key and public-key encryption, random number generation, and hashing. A smart-card may implement these building blocks in software or, in some cases, in dedicated hardware. Software is often preferred because of two different reasons: reducing the design cost and supporting flexibility. This chapter will discuss the implementation of side-channel attacks on such microcontrollers, as well as some common countermeasures. The objective is to introduce the reader to this exciting field of research within the limits of a book chapter. In-depth discussion of side-channel analysis on microcontrollers can be found in the literature, e.g., [1].
From Transcendental Philosophy to Hegel’s Developmental Method

As against the widespread inclination to interpret Hegel’s philosophical method as a modified version of Kant’s transcendental method, this chapter highlights the opposition between Hegel’s method in his Phenomenology of Spirit and Kant’s method. It is argued that Hegel rejects Kant’s method, principally on the grounds that the latter’s method presupposes the subjectivism (and dualism and formalism) of his own transcendental idealism. It is shown how Hegel tailors his own method in the Phenomenology to be free of the very sort of fixed starting point from which transcendental arguments proceed. Hegel develops his distinctive “developmental” method in the Phenomenology in response to Kant’s transcendental philosophy, but not in imitation of it; rather, indeed, in opposition to it.
Role of the Immune System in Obstructive Uropathy

There is a significant infiltration of leukocytes into the kidneys following obstruction; furthermore, by abolishing this infiltrate the renal function of the post-obstructed kidney is significantly improved. This indicates that leukocytes play a key role in modulating renal hemodynamics after release of obstruction whose pathophysiology must now be considered to include an immunological component. Further work is required to define the mechanisms whereby macrophages are able to influence renal function and to define how the kidney is able to recruit these cells in such large numbers following obstruction.
The Use of Analogy in Giving Instructions

In everyday experience people frequently encounter situations in which they must give instructions to others. Often, this requires describing some novel object or situation to the other, a task that may be facilitated by the use of analogies. In this study, subject pairs work together to build simple models, with one party giving directions to the other person, who builds the actual models. Analogies prove useful in completing this task by helping to make novel information easier to comprehend, and by doing so more economically than literal descriptions. Analogies were used frequently by both those subjects who were giving the directions (as descriptions) and those who were receiving direction (as questions). The use of analogies in this situation provides some understanding of the role figurative language plays in the process of collaboration, whereby participants in a conversation work together to establish mutual understanding.
Merleau-Ponty’s Immanent Critique of Gestalt Theory

Merleau-Ponty’s appropriation of Gestalt theory in The Structure of Behavior is central to his entire corpus. Yet commentators exhibit little agreement about what lesson is to be learned from his critique, and provide little exegesis of how his argument proceeds. I fill this exegetical gap. I show that the Gestaltist’s fundamental error is to reify forms as transcendent realities, rather than treating them as phenomena of perceptual consciousness. From this, reductivist errors follow. The essay serves not only as a helpful guide through parts of The Structure of Behavior for newcomers, but also offers a corrective to recent trends in philosophy of mind. Such influential commentators as Hubert Dreyfus, Taylor Carmen, and Evan Thompson have, I argue, risked serious misunderstanding of Merleau-Ponty’s view, by mistakenly treating “circular causality” as central to Merleau-Ponty’s own acausal (dialectical) view of forms.
Stoichiometric adsorption complexes in [B]- and [Fe]-ZSM-5 zeolites

Abstract The adsorption of ammonia, 2-propanamine, and 2-propanol on H-[B]-ZSM-5 and H-[Fe]-ZSM-5 has been examined using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to investigate the effect of the incorporation of trivalent ions into the zeolite framework. For each of the adsorbates on H-[Fe]-ZSM-5, clearly defined adsorption complexes corresponding to one molecule/Fe atom could be identified. An adsorption complex with a stoichiometry of one molecule/B atom could also be observed for 2-propanamine on H-[B]-ZSM-5 but complexes were less clearly defined for ammonia and 2-propanol. The reactivity of these 1: 1 complexes indicates that the acid sites formed by the hydroxyls associated with B incorporation are much weaker than those associated with Fe or Al. We also examined a sample of ZSM-5 which had extraframework Fe using 2-propanamine adsorption and found that there was negligible adsorption due to these sites. These results indicate that TPDTGA measurements of selected adsorbates are valuable in characterizing the materials created by the incorporation of trivalent cations into the zeolite framework.
The Unexplored Role of Serendipity and Personal Relationships in Industry Emergence

This paper provides a more nuanced perspective on the factors associated with industry emergence. To date, research has primarily focused on macro- and meso-level factors resulting in a much greate...
ABSOLUTE CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORES PREDICT MORTALITY BETTER THAN AGE-SEX-RACE/ETHNICITY PERCENTILE: CAC CONSORTIUM

An age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific CAC percentile of >75th has been associated with increased CHD events. Current guidelines recommend the use of CAC >75th percentile to identify individuals for preventive pharmacotherapy. The aim of our study is to demonstrate if absolute CAC scores predict
Kallikrein-Kinin System Suppresses Type I Interferon Responses: A Novel Pathway of Interferon Regulation.

The Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS), comprised of kallikreins (klks), bradykinins (BKs) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and many other molecules, regulates a number of physiological processes, including inflammation, coagulation, angiogenesis, and control of blood pressure. In this report, we show that KKS regulates Type I IFN responses, thought to be important in lupus pathogenesis. We used CpG (TLR9 ligand), R848 (TLR7 ligand), or recombinant IFN-α to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and proteins, and observed that this response was markedly diminished by BKs, klk1 (tissue kallikrein), or captopril (an ACE inhibitor). BKs significantly decreased the ISGs induced by TLRs in vitro and in vivo (in normal and lupus-prone mice), and in human PBMCs, especially the induction of Irf7 gene (p < 0.05), the master regulator of Type I IFNs. ISGs induced by IFN-α were also suppressed by the KKS. MHC Class I upregulation, a classic response to Type I IFNs, was reduced by BKs in murine dendritic cells (DCs). BKs decreased phosphorylation of STAT2 molecules that mediate IFN signaling. Among the secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines analyzed (IL-6, IL12p70, and CXCL10), the strongest suppressive effect was on CXCL10, a highly Type I IFN-dependent cytokine, upon CpG stimulation, both in normal and lupus-prone DCs. klks that break down into BKs, also suppressed CpG-induced ISGs in murine DCs. Captopril, a drug that inhibits ACE and increases BK, suppressed ISGs, both in mouse DCs and human PBMCs. The effects of BK were reversed with indomethacin (compound that inhibits production of PGE2), suggesting that BK suppression of IFN responses may be mediated via prostaglandins. These results highlight a novel regulatory mechanism in which members of the KKS control the Type I IFN response and suggest a role for modulators of IFNs in the pathogenesis of lupus and interferonopathies.
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM): the Role of Intravaginal DHEA (Prasterone)

The purpose of this article is to review of intravaginal DHEA (prasterone), which has been recently FDA approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia. The review includes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of GSM and summarizes the safety and efficacy of the newest available treatment, intravaginal DHEA. DHEA is believed to act through an intracrine mechanism, being metabolized and inactivated intracellularly into both androgens and estrogens. When administered intravaginally, DHEA is believed to result in local action, without impact on systemic hormonal levels. Intravaginal DHEA has been shown to be effective for the treatment of dyspareunia secondary to GSM and has a favorable safety profile.
Sporting Integrity, Coherence, and Being True to the Spirit of a Game

The term ‘sporting integrity’ is widely used in the normative assessment of sports. The term, however, suffers from a lack of conceptual precision. Alfred Archer’s ‘coherence-view’ of sporting inte...
The Fundamental Concept of Capacity

The initial question is so easy: How big is the bucket? It is, however, deceptive in its simplicity. If the bucket is made out of steel or some other metal, its size and capacity are going to be fixed. A 5-gallon bucket is a 5-gallon bucket all of the time, and will carry a maximum of 5 gallons of liquid. Depending upon its density, however, the weight of 5 gallons of liquid can vary. Now, the question becomes more subtle: How much fluid can be moved from A to B in a 5-gallon bucket?? Depending upon the weight of the liquid and the strength of the carrier, the answer may vary. Perhaps the carrier can only lift a maximum of 50 lbs. If 3 gallons of a particular fluid weighs 50 lbs, that may be the maximum amount that can be moved in the 5-gallon bucket. Is that now its capacity? Then, would a lighter liquid change the capacity of the bucket to higher number (up to 5 gallons)? Now, what if the vessel was not a bucket, but a membrane of some type that was capable of expanding? The capacity might once again be dependent upon the weight and other characteristics of the fluid. Further, when stretched to its limit, the membrane may only remain intact for a few seconds before rupturing. Is the capacity of the membrane that amount of fluid in it for a few seconds before it bursts? Perhaps the capacity of the membrane is the maximum amount of fluid that can be retained in the membrane for an extended period of time. But, then, how much time describes a stable situation? Perhaps the issue is not so simple after all.
Are we aiming to miss in translational autoimmunity treatments

Autoimmunity treatments, fruitfully pioneered in mouse models, can be disappointing or result in immunosuppression and opportunistic infections in translational trials. Many possible reasons exist, but one major, overlooked reason may be the treatment timing in relation to circadian oscillations of the immune system. Mice and humans both have immunological circadian clocks and experience the same circulatory oscillations of immune cells with regards to their sleep/wake phases, but have opposite sleep/wake phases with regard to the daylight cycle. Therefore, researchers mainly study mice and potential autoimmunity treatments during the murine sleep/rest phase, which is when pro-inflammatory mediators and more adaptive immune cells are prevalent in the circulation. In translational trials, however, treatment administration happens primarily during a patient’s wake/activity phase, during the daytime, which is when more local and acute immune responses are active in the circulation. Therefore, we believe that the most opportune window for autoimmunity treatment may be missed in translational trials. Shifting the timing, and adjusting dosing to target only immune cells that are active at that time, may result in higher success with minimized immunosuppression or toxicities.
Extraction of a 4-year-old leadless pacemaker with a tine-based fixation.

The Micra transcatheter pacing system (Medtronic, Fridley, MN) has been implanted successfully in more than 2500 patients in clinical trials.1, 2 Data on retrievals of these devices have` been mainly limited to early retrievals. Afzal and colleagues3 reported on techniques of retrieval of 29 Micra devices. Eleven of those retrievals occurred during the implant procedure while 18 were removed a median of 46 days postimplantation (range, 1–95 days).3 Grubman and colleagues4 reported on 3 retrievals (9–406 days) postimplantation. Some autopsy reports have shown the potential for complete encapsulation of long-indwelling Micra devices.5, 6 This has raised some concerns over the extractability of longer-indwelling Micras. In this case we report on the extraction of a Micra pacemaker implanted 4 years prior.
The Effect of Research Joint Ventures on Profits

Typically, joint ventures have been expected to assist member firms in raising their profits by increasing market concentration. They can do this, for example, if they involve the creation of a new business entity to represent member companies in buying or selling operations, natural resource exploration, development and production, and engineering and construction operations. They can also do it if they allow member firms to bring to fruition new technologies with exclusionary property rights.
Hands-free law in Georgia: predictors of post-law cellphone use among college drivers

Abstract Young adults own and use cellphones at a high rate, including use while driving. A recent law in Georgia prohibits touching a cellphone while driving, providing a unique opportunity to assess the law’s effectiveness. In the present study, we predicted cellphone use among young adults (post law) based on prior use (pre law), anxiety associated with cellphone use, and components of the theory of planned behavior, including a modified measure of cellphone addiction. All variables significantly predicted cellphone use while driving, including reading and sending texts as well as answering and making calls. The strongest predictor across equations was prior behavior, indicating the inability of a law to break an established habit of cellphone use while driving. We offer several potential solutions to address cellphone use among young adults.
Effect of selenium and chlorine co-passivation in polycrystalline CdSeTe devices

CdTe-based solar cell efficiency has rapidly improved over the last few years. Some of the reasons have been a change to the absorber composition including the incorporation of selenium, and better front contact and emitter materials in CdTe photovoltaic devices. In addition to the increase in short-circuit current by reducing the bandgap, Se plays other important roles in passivation of defects thus improving the conversion efficiency of CdSeTe/CdTe graded absorber photovoltaic devices. Here, we combine structural and optical characterizations with first principles calculations to investigate the role of Se and Cl segregation in CdSeTe devices. We find that in the presence of Se and Cl, the minority carrier lifetime improves due to a reduction of midgap defect states. We also correlate this effect with defect passivation in CdSeTe devices and suggest innovative ways to further improve CdTe-based photovoltaic efficiency.
The Usefulness of Meta-Analyses to Hip and Knee Surgeons.

Background Comprehensive systematic reviews of results from homogenous or heterogeneous clinical trials, meta-analyses are used to summarize and to interpret studies. Proponents believe that their use can increase study power and improve precision results. Critics emphasize that heterogeneity between studies and bias of individual studies compromise the value of results. The methodology of meta-analyses has improved over time, utilizing statistical analysis to reduce bias and examining heterogeneity. With an increasing trend of meta-analyses in orthopaedic literature, this study aimed to investigate quality and clinical utility of meta-analyses for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Methods A systematic review of total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty meta-analyses in 3 major orthopaedic journals from January 2000 to August 2017 was performed. Three authors independently reviewed eligible meta-analyses. A quality assessment was conducted using the Oxman-Guyatt Index. Reporting quality was assessed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two high-volume, fellowship-trained, attending surgeons specializing in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty independently, in a blinded fashion, reviewed 24 of the highest-scored meta-analyses. Results There were 114 studies meeting eligibility criteria, 25 published from 2000 to 2009 and 89 published from 2010 to 2017, a 3.6-fold increase. The mean Oxman-Guyatt Index score was 3.89 points, with 12 high-quality studies, 87 moderate-quality studies, and 15 low-quality studies. The mean PRISMA score for all meta-analyses was 22.2 points, with 79% classified as low to moderate. Only 23 studies listed the Level of Evidence, and 8 were Level-I studies and 9 were Level-II studies. Studies with >15 randomized controlled trials were associated with higher PRISMA and Oxman-Guyatt Index scores. In 12 articles, we were unable to decipher the types of studies included. Only 39.4% of studies showed the risk of bias. Of the 24 studies identified as high quality per the PRISMA statement, 71% were determined to be either clinically unimportant or inconclusive. Conclusions The number of total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty meta-analyses has markedly increased over the past decades. The majority of published meta-analyses from 3 major orthopaedic journals were not performed in accordance with established PRISMA guidelines. Clinical relevance Many published meta-analyses are low to moderate quality, and clinicians should cautiously draw conclusions from poorly executed meta-analyses.
Framework for implementing integrated service-learning

This paper presents a pedagogical framework for implementing integrated service-learning. Its purpose is to provide a guide for the process integration of design and construction in a single servic...
ADDRESSING DEMENTIA CLINICAL SYMPTOMS USING NONPHARMACOLOGICAL STRATEGIES: WHAT WORKS AND FOR WHOM?

People living with dementia experience behavioral symptoms and functional decline and their caregivers (CG), reduced wellbeing. In an RCT (N=250 dyads), we tested whether tailoring activities to interests/abilities and providing CGs with instruction in their use (Tailored Activity Program, TAP) reduced clinically significant agitation/aggression (main outcome), functional decline and improved CG wellbeing (secondary outcomes) compared to CG education/support alone; with both groups receiving 8-sessions over 3-months. At 3-months,TAP had no effects on agitation/aggression compared to CG education/support but reduced functional decline (p=0.03), improved CG wellbeing (p=0.01) and confidence using activities (p=0.02). In secondary analyses, black vs. white CGs reported reduced agitation/aggression (p=0.01); female CGs reported reduced burden with TAP whereas male CGs reported reduced burden from education/support (p=0.04); spouses vs. non-spouses reported slower functional decline in participants (p=0.01). This trial suggests outcomes vary by subgroups. Different nonpharmacological approaches are needed for specific clinical characteristics: one size will not fit all.
The Unrecognized Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism has traditionally been perceived as a rare cause of hypertension, but recent evidence suggests that its prevalence may be higher than previously believed. This study used gold...
Facial swelling for the emergency radiologist—typical and atypical causes

There are a wide variety of inflammatory, infectious, and cystic lesions which may lead patients to seek acute care for facial swelling. Computed tomography (CT) has become the mainstay for imaging in the urgent/emergent setting. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also serve as a powerful problem solving tool in the modern era. As volume continues to increase, a wide variety of facial pathology will be encountered by the emergency radiologist. Recognition of both common and uncommon pathology will assist in diagnosis and value-based care. This article serves as an image-rich review of the many causes of facial swelling with an emphasis on key imaging findings and possible complications.
Experimental priming of peer injunctive norms and peer descriptive norms on personal alcohol attitudes, behaviors, and motivations

Purpose: Several theoretical frameworks postulate that perceptions about social normative information could modify personal attitudes and behavior. The current experiment applied priming methodolog...
Photoconduction of nanoparticle arrays pumped with near 1550 nm pulse lasers

Abstract When erbium (Er) concentration is greater than ∼ 7 × 1017/cm3, ErAs nanoparticles with various sizes are formed spontaneously in GaAs epitaxial layer during MBE growth. This letter presents experimental studies on transient photoconduction of ErAs nanoparticle arrays when pumped by laser pulses with wavelengths near 1550 nm. The experimental data suggests the photoconduction may be contributed by two mechanisms. One is extrinsic photoconductivity, where bound electrons from levels of nanoparticles pinned near the middle of GaAs forbidden gap transfer to the conduction band of GaAs (i.e. bound to conduction band). The other is displacement-current conduction traced to photon-assisted polarization of nanoparticles with two quantized energy levels. This investigation explains why these nanoparticle-embedded materials have a higher responsivity to pulsed lasers than continuous wavelength (CW) lasers.
A Survey of Gauss-Christoffel Quadrature Formulae

We present a historical survey of Gauss-Christoffel quadrature formulae, beginning with Gauss’ discovery of his well-known method of approximate integration and the early contributions of Jacobi and Christoffel, but emphasizing the more recent advances made after the emergence of powerful digital computing machinery. One group of inquiry concerns the development of the quadrature formula itself, e.g. the inclusion of preassigned nodes and the admission of multiple nodes, as well as other generalizations of the quadrature sum. Another is directed towards the widening of the class of integrals made accessible to Gauss-Christoffel quadrature. These include integrals with nonpositive measures of integration and singular principal value integrals. An account of the error and convergence theory will also be given, as well as a discussion of modern methods for generating Gauss-Christoffel formulae, and a survey of numerical tables.
Binding of [3H]Concanavalin A to Normal and Transformed Cells

Abstract Investigation of the factors influencing [3H]concanavalin A binding to normal and transformed cells has led us to develop a binding assay in which cells are incubated with [3H]concanavalin A for 5 min at 0° at pH 7.2 and 1.0 mm Mg2+. Under such conditions we have found that transformed cells bind 3.5 to 5 times more [3H]concanavalin A than does the normal interphase cell. We have also used this assay to demonstrate that normal cells treated with proteases and normal cells in mitosis bind more [3H]concanavalin A than does the normal interphase cell. These data demonstrate that there are more concanavalin A receptor sites exposed on the transformed cell than on the normal cell. However this increase in agglutinin receptor sites cannot, by itself, explain the increase in agglutinability demonstrated by transformed cells as compared to normal cells.
Alice in Motherland: Reading Alice Walker on Africa and Screening the Color 'Black'

“Let the jury consider their verdict,” the King said, for about the twentieth time that day. “No, no!” said the Queen. “Sentence first--verdict afterwards.” -- Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland In the imaginary worlds frequented by Alice, the sentence always precedes the verdict. And so it is that when mother Africa, without due process, was arraigned in the international court of Euro-American opinion, mama could not be anything else but guilty and guilty as presupposed. Africa’s fancied accuser was none other than the “Blameless Vulva,”1 which was presumed innocent. I am, of course, referring to African American feminist writer Alice Walker’s assault on Africans in the guise of an evangelizing mission to eradicate female circumcision in “Africa.” In 1992, Walker published Possessing the Secret of Joy, a novel in which she purports to document the social practice of female circumcision in “Africa.” The novel is presented as part fiction and part fact; one could call it “factitious.” By the end of the book, however, there is no doubt that, for Walker, the story must be read not as a work of imagination but as a call to arms. In her final chapter, she addresses the reader and produces some “real” facts and statistics to undergird her tale of horror. Playing the evangelist, she even promises to use a portion of the royalties from her book “to educate women and girls, men and boys about the hazardous effects of genital mutilation” (285). How much more reality-based can one get?
Detection of highway warning signs in natural video images using color image processing and neural networks

This study reports on the development of a system that incorporates color image processing and neural networks to detect and locate highway warning signs in natural roadway images. Such a system could reduce the need for redundant or oversized signs by assisting drivers in acquiring roadway information. Transportation agencies could use such a system as the first step in an automated highway sign inventory system. Currently, a human operator must watch hours of highway videos to complete this inventory. While only warning signs were considered in this study, the procedure was designed to be easily adapted to all highway signs. The basic approach is to digitize a roadway image and segment this image, using a back-propagation neural network, into eight colors that are important to highway sign detection. Next, the system scans the image for color regions that may possibly represent highway warning signs. Upon finding possible warning sign regions, these regions are further analyzed by a second back-propagation neural network to determine if their shape corresponds to that of a highway warning sign. >
S-Adenosyl-l-methionine:Loganic Acid Methyltransferase A CARBOXYL-ALKYLATING ENZYME FROM VINCA ROSEA

Abstract A partially purified enzyme from Vinca rosea was shown to catalyze the transfer of the methyl group of S-adenosyl-l-methionine to loganic acid forming loganin, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids of this plant. Cell-free extracts, prepared in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Na2S2O5, and dithiothreitol (DTT), were subjected to acetone precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. In assays with such preparations, DTT enhanced methyltransferase activity in contrast to mercaptoethanol, reduced glutathione, or cysteine. A combination of NADPH and FAD could partially replace DTT with the crude cell-free extract. Additional evidence for an active role of reduced sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme was obtained by inhibition studies with p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide, and N-methylmaleimide. A divalent metal cation dependency was not detected. The apparent Km for loganic acid was 12.5 mm. Substrate specificity studies revealed that the rates of methylation of loganic and secologanic acids were comparable. Under the same assay conditions no significant methylation of 7-deoxyloganic, 7-epiloganic, or geniposidic acids was observed. Since the occurrence and biosynthesis of loganic and secologanic acids have also been demonstrated in V. rosea, both acids are thus implicated in the biosynthesis of the indole alkaloids.
Earthquakes in Trust Networks: Basic Dynamic Principles

This paper is an attempt to identify some basic principles and mechanisms of network waves due to a trust collapse. It is not a simulation study but a needed preliminary modeling for simulations on trust-networks dynamics. We identify different kinds of structural relations and of transmission mechanisms that predict possible contagions of the crisis of the perceived trustworthiness of a given node. The effects can be "negative" (and due to very different processes) but also "positive": the increasing of the trust capital of other nodes.
The effect of actinomycin D on the fibroblast of the pulp of the rat incisor: A study by quantitative radioautography and electron microscopy

Abstract The effect of actinomycin D on the fibroblast of the dental pulp of continuously growing rat incisors is studied by means of radioautography and electron microscopy. Results of grain counts of radioautographs at various times following an injection of H 3 -leucine indicate that there is a progressive decrease in incorporation of the isotope by fibroblasts which reaches a maximum decrease on day 7 and subsequently regenerate to a near normal value by the end of the experiment on day 21. Electron microscopic observations of the fine structure of the fibroblast parallel the radioautographic findings in that the maximum degeneration of intracellular structures is observed on day 7 with gradual recovery from that point on. The most seriously affected structures are the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the appearance of polyribosomes, the structures that are thought to be directly involved in the elaboration and secretion of proteins. In addition, increased irregularity in size and shape of mitochondria is observed. A large number of lipid droplets as well as cytolysomes appear during the period between 7 and 10 days. The observations on the nucleolus confirm descriptions by previous workers.
Use of cheese whey for vitamin B12 production. 3. Growth studies and dry-weight activity.

The patterns of growth and vitamin formation by Propionibacterium shermanii in whey were similar to the patterns established in other substrates. The vitamin formation was observed during the latter part of the fermentation after the organism approached maximal growth. Lactose utilization by the organism corresponded to the logarithmic-growth phase of the organism. Analyses of the dried culture showed a large increase of vitamin B12 in the fermentation solids compared with unfermented dried whey. A feed analysis showed a notable increase of protein and a large decrease in nitrogen-free extract of the dried fermentation solid compared with dried whey.
Minimally invasive transxiphoid approach to the cardiac apex and caudoventral intrathoracic space.

Objective To describe a minimally invasive surgical technique for procedures involving the caudoventral compartment of the thoracic cavity. Study Design Case series. Animals Dogs (n = 13). Methods Thirteen dogs; undergoing epicardial pacemaker implantation (9), palliative pericardial window (2), perforated right ventricle repair with epicardial pacemaker implantation (1), and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (1) were operated by a transxiphoid approach. Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency and the bony xiphoid process was dissected free of adjoining tissue and transected proximally and distally. The distal transection was proximal to the cartilaginous junction of the process and the diaphragm. Entry to the thoracic cavity without penetration of the abdomen provided access for surgical treatment. Results All dogs recovered without complication. No dogs required thoracostomy tube placement. Conclusions Transxiphoid approach is minimally invasive and provides adequate exposure for disorders of the caudoventral thoracic cavity.
A Review of “Cut Dead but Still Alive: Caring for African American Young Men.”

Influenced in part by the monumental work of Michelle Alexander in her critically acclaimed text, The New Jim Crow, there has been a growing body of scholars, theologians, and activists who have da...
Improving Transportation Resource Coordination for Multimodal Evacuation Planning: Literature Review and Research Agenda

In a large-scale urban evacuation necessitated by a disaster, many people can evacuate in their own automobiles, but evacuating individuals and families who do not have cars poses a great logistical challenge that many cities, counties, and states cannot overcome. Most emergency operations plans for large urbanized areas are insufficient in describing in specific and measurable terms how a major evacuation could be successfully conducted. This study systematically reviews the challenge of multimodal evacuation planning and presents a detailed literature review of published research and government documents to identify barriers to the enhancement of multimodal evacuation planning through the use of high-capacity vehicles to transport those who cannot evacuate on their own. Findings suggest that despite knowledge about multimodal transportation and the importance of integrating multimodalism into evacuation planning, most state and local governments do not apply the planning processes, training exercises, a...
Characteristics of high-permeability zones using core analysis, and production logging data

Abstract Carbonate reservoirs are heterogeneous in nature and sometimes they contain natural fractures. Zones with extremely high permeability are commonly found in these reservoirs. These zones are a subject of concern for reservoir engineers, as they lead to early water breakthrough in oil producers and uneven sweep around water injectors. These zones cause many problems to production engineers during acid or other chemical placement. We conducted a study to identify and characterize high permeability zones using conventional petrophysical tests in conjunction with production logs (flow meter measurements). High permeability zones were identified and characterized using core data and production logging. These zones were found at the top of the formations examined, with a thickness up to 10 ft and they contributed more than 50% of the total well production. These zones had permeability greater than 20 Darcies and are sandwiched with two layers of low permeability (a few micro-darcies). The two low-permeability layers act as a barrier that minimizes cross-flow. Calliper log of the open hole indicated that hole enlargement and wash-out occurred at depths where these zones are located. Based on production data, it is evident that the flow profile was dominated by high flow from these zones. The mineralogy of super-k zones was mainly dolomite. The use of Amaefule et al.'s approach allows for a more precise definition of reservoir zonation. Excellent agreement was obtained between the cumulative distribution of reservoir quality index (RQI) and flow zone indicator (FZI) with well flow profile data for wells without natural fractures, whereas, no agreement was obtained for wells with significant natural fractures.
Forest climatology near the tree line in Hawai'i

Abstract One year of climatological measurements in a high elevation forest on the island of Hawai'i are analyzed to partially characterize the habitat of the palila bird, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper. At 2600 m, the site lies below the tree line, above the usual level of the trade wind inversion, and is strongly influenced by the diurnal thermal wind regime. The interaction of inversion, thermal circulation, and surface climate is documented for solar radiation, air and soil temperatures, humidity, wind direction and speed, rainfall, cloud water collection, and canopy throughfall. A comparison of air temperature, humidity, and soil temperature measurements between an open air site and beneath the canopy of an isolated mamane tree showed little difference, except that extremes in soil temperature were much greater in the open. Tree canopy throughfall exceeded open area rainfall during fog dominated precipitation events.
Understanding Colorism and How It Relates to Sport and Physical Education

(2011). Understanding Colorism and How It Relates to Sport and Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 48-52.
T-cell-mediated immunity and the role of TRAIL in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.

Sepsis is the leading cause of death in most intensive care units, and the death of septic patients usually does not result from the initial septic event but rather from subsequent nosocomial infections. Patients who survive severe sepsis often display severely compromised immune function. Not only is there significant apoptosis of lymphoid and myeloid cells that depletes critical components of the immune system during sepsis, there is also decreased function of the remaining immune cells. Studies in animals and humans suggest the immune defects that occur during sepsis may be critical to the pathogenesis and subsequent mortality. This review is focused on sepsis-induced alterations with the CD8 T-cell compartment that can affect the control of secondary heterologous infections. Understanding how a septic event directly influences CD8 T-cell populations through apoptotic death and homeostatic proliferation and indirectly by immune-mediated suppression will provide valuable starting points for developing new treatment options.
Modification of mechanical and chemical surface properties of metals by plasma immersion ion implantation

Abstract Plasma immersion (ion) implantation (PII) was developed a decade ago for modifying mechanical and chemical surface properties of metals. In analogy to conventional beam-line ion implantation, it uses energetic ions, mostly nitrogen, that are implanted in the near-surface region of a material. A sample is enveloped by a plasma and subjected to negative high-voltage pulses. In the electrical field, the ions are accelerated to high energies and incorporated into the sample. This process takes place at all sides of the sample simultaneously without requiring ion beam and sample manipulation, in contrast to beam-line ion implantation. The present review discusses the fundamentals of PII and its most important features. The influence of the most important process parameters such as implantation dose, ion density, pulse repetition rate, and sample temperature on hardness and wear resistance and on corrosion resistance of metals and alloys such as mild steel, stainless steel, nickel, aluminium and titanium alloys is discussed.
Sex Effects in Conversational Interaction: Another Look at Male Dominance

The present study represents a contemporary test of traditional assumptions about sex effects in social interaction. An experiment was conducted to assess the independent and interactive effects of communicator sex, listener sex, and interpersonal distance on temporal measures of conversational interaction. Results demonstrated that the average duration of speech acts was significantly longer for females than for males; that communicators, regardless of sex, speak for a greater proportion of the total conversation when the listener is female as opposed to male; and that within the sex-same male dyads, far interpersonal distance is associated with significantly greater simultaneous speech when compared to the near condition. Results are interpreted as refutation for traditional notions of male dominance.
Perceptions of Emotional Closeness and Commitment Among African American Couples: Implications for Promoting Relationship Stability

This study investigated how married and cohabiting African Americans define and experience emotional closeness and commitment because these processes have been shown to be directly linked to relationship stability. Thirty married and 30 cohabiting African American couples participated. Couples were between the ages of 21 and 45 years and had been in their relationship between 3 and 15 years. Interviews were conducted with the couples in their homes and were aimed at yielding a co-construction of couples’ views of these constructs. Specifically, this co-construction involved an examination of the ways men and women in married and cohabiting relationships define and experience emotional closeness and commitment. Special attention was devoted to examining the themes elicited from these interviews and illuminate the specific ways in which married and cohabiting African American couples consider emotional closeness and commitment. In general, few differences were apparent in their perceptions of emotional clos...
Oral hemangioma treated with a sclerosing agent. Report of a case.

A case of oral soft tissue hemangioma is reported. The treatment of the lesion with a sclerosing agent is described.
Relationship of Shopping Activity Duration and Travel Time with Planning-Level Network and Socioeconomic Factors

The journey to work has been extensively studied. The majority of travel, however, takes place outside that context. The concept of time use as applied to travel behavior has developed with the understanding that travel occurs in relation to the spatial separation of activities and according to the needs and constraints imposed on travelers by their time schedules, sociodemographic characteristics, and network characteristics. The statistical methodology used to elucidate the underlying motivations affecting travel to evening shopping activities, a largely unstudied area of travel behavior, is described. Methods of testing for selectivity bias and endogeneity are also described and applied. Corrective measures are taken and explained, including instrumental variables and system methods of regression. Travel time and activity duration are found to be endogenous and positively correlated. Travel time increases with greater vehicle ownership, duration of preceding work activity, transit use, and duration of free time preceding the trip. Travel time decreases for trips that start later in the evening and later in the week and with increased destination-node density. For teenagers aged 15 to 17, activity duration increases with number of passengers when preceded by longer shopping activities. Activity duration decreases with greater percentages of high-rent housing in the census tract, with household size, with number of workday trips, and for men.
Normothermic Coronary Perfusion during Aortic Valve Replacement

Abstract Normothermic coronary perfusion was used in 121 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement from 1969 to 1976. Isolated aortic valve replacement was performed in 69% of the patients (84/121), and 31% (37/121) had combined procedures consisting of aortocoronary bypass, mitral valve replacement or repair, or ascending aortic aneurysm resection in conjunction with aortic valve replacement. The left ventricle was vented in all. Sinus rhythm was maintained in 105 patients, but spontaneous fibrillation persisted in 16. Postbypass hemodynamic data indicated satisfactory ventricular performance, and postoperative morbidity and mortality were low. Postoperative myocardial infarction (new Q waves, loss of R waves, persistent S-T and T wave changes) or a serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level of more than 100 units (colorimetric) occurred in 13% of isolated and 27% of combined procedures. In patients with electrocardiographic and SGOT changes suggesting myocardial damage and in those with persistent spontaneous fibrillation, coronary perfusion was technically unsatisfactory owing to either excessive flow, low flow, inability to perfuse the right coronary artery, or high perfusion pressures. Evidence of myocardial damage was absent when coronary perfusion was appropriately applied. In order to obtain satisfactory results with normothermic coronary perfusion, both coronary arteries must be perfused at total flow rates of 200 to 350 ml per minute and at mean pressures of less than 120 mm Hg.