cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eight ultimate challenges of human-robot communication

I contemplate what I believe to be eight of the most challenging long-term problems in human-robot communication. I interpret this phrase in a broad sense, including communication among the designers of robot systems with respect to the high-level design, programming and use of robots for humane purposes. Since the earliest robots of the 1940s human communication with them has been a serious consideration, and progress over the ensuing 50 years has been great. Control of prosthetic arms has changed from crude cables to myoelectric signals and speech. Control of telemanipulators for hazardous environments such as nuclear plants, space and undersea has changes from simple on-off control of individual joints to high-level supervisory languages of various kinds, combining both analog and symbolic communication. The same is true for industrial robots, which can now make movements very much faster and more precisely than can humans. It is not my intent to review that progress, though it is clear that as robots themselves become more intelligent the nature of communication between the human operator and the robot is becoming less and less like that of using a passive hand tool and more and more like the relationship between two human beings.
Conserved catalytic and C-terminal regulatory domains of the C-terminal binding protein corepressor fine-tune the transcriptional response in development.

Transcriptional corepressors play complex roles in developmental gene regulation. These proteins control transcription by recruiting diverse chromatin-modifying enzymes, but it is not known whether corepressor activities are finely regulated in different developmental settings or whether their basic activities are identical in most contexts. The evolutionarily conserved C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) is recruited by a variety of transcription factors that play crucial roles in development and disease. CtBP contains a central NAD(H) binding core domain that is homologous to D2 hydroxy acid dehydrogenase enzymes, as well as an unstructured C-terminal domain. NAD(H) binding is important for CtBP function, but the significance of its intrinsic dehydrogenase activity, as well as that of the unstructured C terminus, is poorly understood. To clarify the biological relevance of these features, we established genetic rescue assays to determine how different forms of CtBP function in the context of Drosophila melanogaster development. The mutant phenotypes and specific gene regulatory effects indicate that both the catalytic site of CtBP and the C-terminal extension play important, if nonessential roles in development. Our results indicate that the structural and enzymatic features of CtBP, previously thought to be dispensable for overall transcriptional control, are critical for modulating this protein’s activity in diverse developmental settings. Developmental gene regulation features an elaborate interplay of transcription activation and repression. A variety of transcriptional cofactors are required in eukaryotes to potentiate the activity of sequence-specific transcription factors that affect these regulatory programs. Cofactors are often crucial for the alteration of chromatin structures at target genes; corepressor complexes involved in gene inactivation have various enzymatic activities, including nucleosome remodeling, histone deacetylation, methylation, and demethylation. Although the importance of corepressors in transcriptional repression has been appreciated at the cellular level, the biological functions
Fatal Attraction: Nonself Recognition and Heterokaryon Incompatibility in Filamentous Fungi

Vegetative incompatibility is a common phenomenon in filamentous fungi, including ascomycete, basidiomycete, and zygomycete fungi ([27][1], [70][2], [80][3]). A subset of vegetative incompatibility reactions includes events that require hyphal fusion and heterokaryon formation, whereby genetically
Immunoglobulins to Surface-Associated Biofilm Immunogens Provide a Novel Means of Visualization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Antigens from the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cell wall have been shown to be immunogenic in vivo and upregulated during biofilm growth. In this study, we created purified, recombinant forms of selected antigens and biofilm-upregulated, cell wall-associated proteins. These proteins were shown to cause a robust polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) response when used to immunize rabbits. Antibodies against these recombinant proteins bound to the native forms of each protein as harvested from in vitro grown biofilms of MRSA, as determined both via Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. These IgGs could be utilized as imaging tools that localize to areas of specific protein production within a biofilm. This work illustrates that immunogenic, cell wall-associated, biofilm-upregulated proteins are promising for in vitro visualization of biofilm growth, architecture, and space-function relationships.
Structural and magnetic characteristics of MnAs nanoclusters embedded in Be-doped GaAs

We describe a systematic study of the synthesis, microstructure, and magnetization of hybrid ferromagnet-semiconductor nanomaterials comprised of MnAs nanoclusters embedded in a p-doped GaAs matrix. These samples are created during the in situ annealing of Be-doped (Ga,Mn)As heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopy and magnetometry studies reveal two distinct classes of nanoclustered samples whose structural and magnetic properties depend on the Mn content of the initial (Ga,Mn)As layer. For Mn content in the range $5\text{--}7.5%$, annealing creates a superparamagnetic material with a uniform distribution of small clusters (diameter $\ensuremath{\sim}6$ nm) and with a low blocking temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{B}}\ensuremath{\sim}10$ K). While transmission electron microscopy cannot definitively identify the composition and crystalline phase of these small clusters, our experimental data suggest that they may be comprised of either zinc-blende MnAs or Mn-rich regions of (Ga,Mn)As. At higher Mn content ($\ensuremath{\gtrsim}8%$), we find that annealing results in an inhomogeneous distribution of both small clusters as well as much larger NiAs-phase MnAs clusters (diameter $\ensuremath{\sim}25$ nm). These samples also exhibit supermagnetism, albeit with substantially larger magnetic moments and coercive fields, and blocking temperatures well above room temperature.
Optimizing Reaction Conditions of the NanoOrange® Protein Quantitation Method for Use with Microplate-based Automation

Because of the rapidly expanding need for higher sample throughput in drug discovery, automation of corresponding biochemical analyses is desirable. In particular, automation of protein quantitatio...
Growing the Family Business: Special Challenges and Best Practices

Most family businesses simply don't grow. This paper explores the reasons for and theories behind business stagnation and proposes a set of “best practices” that can revitalize a firm and enhance its performance.
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study

Objective To examine associations between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) antigen level (mass) and enzymatic activity (activity) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults.
TYRANNY DENIED: CHARLES I, ATTORNEY GENERAL HEATH, AND THE FIVE KNIGHTS' CASE

This article exonerates Charles I and Attorney General Sir Robert Heath from charges that they tampered with the records of the court of King's Bench in the Five Knights' Case. It refutes allegations made by John Selden in the parliament of 1628 and repeated by modern historians. Selden's attack on Heath and the king's government was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of King's Bench enrolments and a radical view of the crown's intentions in imprisoning loan resisters. The view that Charles was attempting to establish the prerogative right to imprison opponents without remedy at common law has no basis in either the arguments presented during the Five Knights' Case or the king's behaviour both before and during the parliament. By accepting the most radical critique of Caroline government at face value, historians have concluded that Charles was attempting to establish a ‘legal tyranny’. This article rejects these views.
Magnetic reconnection as the cause of a photospheric canceling feature and mass flows in a filament

Magnetic reconnection in the temperature minimum region of the solar photosphere can account for the canceling magnetic features on the Sun. Litvinenko (1999a) showed that a reconnection model explains the quiet-Sun features with the magnetic flux cancelation rate of order 1017 Mx hr−1. In this paper the model is applied to cancelation in solar active regions, which is characterized by a much larger rate of cancelation ≥ 1019 Mx hr−1. In particular, the evolution of a photospheric canceling feature observed in an active region on July 2, 1994 is studied. The theoretical predictions are demonstrated to be in reasonable agreement with the measured speed of approaching magnetic fragments, the magnetic field in the fragments, and the flux cancelation rate, deduced from the combined Big Bear Hα time-lapse images and videomagnetograms calibrated against the daily NSO/Kitt Peak magnetogram. Of particular interest is the prediction that photospheric reconnection should lead to a significant upward mass flux and the formation of a solar filament. Hα observations indeed showed a filament that had one of its ends spatially superposed with the canceling feature.
Seed Yield of Near-Isogenic Soybean Lines with Introgressed Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning Resistance to Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from PI 229358

The development of superior soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., cultivars exhibiting resistance to insects has been hindered due to linkage drag, a common phenomenon when introgressing alleles from exotic germplasm. Simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used previously to map soybean insect resistance (SIR) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a ‘Cobb’ × PI 229358 population, and subsequently used to create near-isogenic lines (NILs) with SIR QTL in a ‘Benning’ genetic background. SIR QTLs were mapped on linkage groups (LGs) M (SIRQTL-M), G (SIRQTL-G), and H (SIRQTL-H). The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate linkage drag for seed yield by using Benning-derived NILs selected for SIRQTL-M, SIRQTL-H, and SIRQTL-G; 2) assess the amount of PI 229358 genome surrounding the SIR QTL in each Benning NIL; and 3) evaluate the individual effects these three QTLs on antibiosis and antixenosis to corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Yield data collected in five environments indicated that a significant yield reduction is associated with SIRQTL-G compared with NILs without SIR QTL. Overall, there was no yield reduction associated with SIRQTL-M or SIRQTL-H. A significant antixenosis and antibiosis effect was detected for SIRQTL-M in insect feeding assays, with no effect detected in antixenosis or antibiosis assays for SIRQTL-G or SIRQTL-H without the presence of PI 229358 alleles at SIRQTL-M. These results support recent findings concerning these loci.
Stress, Supportive Interviewing, and Children's Identification Accuracy

Although little is known about the effects of stress on children’s lineup identification accuracy, stress appears to be detrimental to adults’ identification accuracy. If stress is similarly detrimental to children, it is important to understand why such effects occur and, if possible, identify ways to mitigate these effects. The current study investigated the effects of stress on children’s identification abilities and whether interviewer-provided social support moderated these effects. 159 7-8 and 12-14 year olds completed a high or low stress version of a challenging laboratory task that involved interacting with an adult male and female experimenter. Two weeks later, children’s memory for the interaction, including the identity of the male experimenter via a photo lineup, was examined. Lineups varied in whether the identification target was present or absent, and interviewers behaved in either a supportive or nonsupportive manner. Identification accuracy, especially in terms of correctly rejecting the target absent line ups, was highest among children who experienced the high stress laboratory task and were later interviewed in a supportive manner. Results have implications for forensic settings in which child witnesses are asked to identify a perpetrator encountered under stressful circumstances.
INDICIAL AERODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS FOR BRIDGE DECKS

With certain classical results for airfoils as a guide, lift and moment functions of the indicial type are derived for suspension bridge deck sections of either the open truss or streamlined variety. Bluff deck sections susceptible to coherent vortex shedding are not treated. The indicial functions are obtained analytically from the experimentally-derived linear-theory flutter derivatives of the bridge deck sections in question. The method used is nonlinear least squares, wherein a prescribed exponential form with unknown coefficients for the indicial function is determined by fitting transformed counterparts of it to the corresponding experimental flutter derivative curves. Several examples of indicial moment functions of bridge deck sections are presented. These offer rather conclusive proof that Wagner or thin airfoil theory alone is inadequate for application to bridge buffeting flutter and buffering analyses.
The Chinese developmental state during the Cold War: the making of the 1956 twelve-year science and technology plan

AbstractIn 1956, the government of the People’s Republic of China made a 12-year plan for scientific and technological developments (‘The Long-term Plan for the Development of Science and Technology for 1956–1967’), often credited as a visionary blueprint for its nuclear weapons programs and industrialization. Yet, this study suggests that the plan was not the logical manifestation of a unified national leadership, but rather the result of political contestations and compromises among the Communist party-state leaders, especially between Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and between the state and the scientific–technological elite. It further indicates that the making of Chinese science and technology policy was shaped by the cold war geopolitics, national developmental aspirations and transnational influences, especially from the Soviet Union and the USA.
Concerning a «theoretical paradox» in classical electrodynamics

A recently noted «paradox» within the classical theory of electrodynamics is discussed, and resolved. Since it is apparent that some confusion exists regarding advances made in the classical theory during the past ten years, the concept of energy conservation for radiating charged particles is reviewed.
Mathematics Instruction in Engineering

(1943). Mathematics Instruction in Engineering. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 303-307.
Indoor source apportionment in urban communities near industrial sites

Abstract Because fine particulate matter (PM2.5) differs in chemical composition, source apportionment is frequently used for identification of relative contributions of multiple sources to outdoor concentrations. Indoor air pollution and source apportionment is often overlooked, though people in northern climates may spend up to 90% of their time inside. We selected 21 homes for a 1-week indoor sampling session during summer (July to September 2011), repeated in winter (January to March 2012). Elemental analysis was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and factor analysis was used to determine constituent grouping. Multivariate modeling was run on factor scores to corroborate interpretations of source factors based on a literature review. For each season, a 5-factor solution explained 86–88% of variability in constituent concentrations. Indoor sources (i.e. cooking, smoking) explained greater variability than did outdoor sources in these industrial communities. A smoking factor was identified in each season, predicted by number of cigarettes smoked. Cooking factors were also identified in each season, explained by frequency of stove cooking and stovetop frying. Significant contributions from outdoor sources including coal and motor vehicles were also identified. Higher coal and secondary-related elemental concentrations were detected during summer than winter. Our findings suggest that source contributions to indoor concentrations can be identified and should be examined in relation to health effects.
How can pharmacists develop and implement a home antibiotic program

Many hospital pharmacists are evaluating home antibiotic programs (HAPs). In addition to providing a new role for the pharmacist, commercial activity in this area fosters the idea that providing an HAP is a profitable business. Those evaluating HAPs should take a careful approach to this service, evaluating the market potential and cost feasibility before devoting the time and effort in implementing a program. If the market potential exists, and the program appears to be feasible from a cost standpoint, a pilot project should be performed based on experiences reported in the literature. If this is successful, a training and services program can be fully planned, developed, and implemented. Evaluating an HAP is important to obtain data required to improve the program and establish the need for reimbursement. Joint ventures with vendors or other hospitals may be a way to provide this service without making a major commitment of resources from the hospital.
Acts of Activism: Acts of activism

In Act III we come to the realm of street performance and ask the question: What is at stake when performance enters and becomes public space? This section is introduced through an event signifying my own Diaspora citizenship as an African American woman finding home between two geographies of belonging – the United States and West Africa. My black Diaspora account of street performance is then followed by reflections on street performances by three Ghanaian women in the modes of oral history and poetic verse. In this section I choose to distinguish the speakers' words and bodily presence through verse in order to capture their unique poetics and verbal artistry, as well as to document the experiential and performative aspects that constituted their delivery or telling. These women were the primary agents in transforming an idea, relating to the protection and well-being of other women, into a public performative act. They transformed an urgent need into a performance, ordinary citizens into actors and audience, and quotidian spaces into memorable events. For African women whose voices are too often under-represented, representing their tellings in verse distinguishes them as performative narrators within the present space of the ethnographic interview as well as performance makers within a particular moment in history.
Heterotic Strings and the Free Fermionic Construction

This brief chapter introduces the heterotic string theories in the free fermionic (FF) formalism. The problem of ensuring modular invariance of the partition function is considered and reduced to expressions on the FF basis vectors and partition coefficients. We conclude the chapter by describing the procedure for explicitly constructing the massless particle spectrum of models within this formalism, and discuss the realization of spacetime supersymmetry.
The FCC’s Net Neutrality Decision and Stock Prices

More than a year after a court invalidated its “net neutrality” rules on broadband Internet service providers (ISPs), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decided to extend public-utility (Title II) regulation on broadband services. This paper uses traditional event analysis of the movements in the values of major communications and media companies’ equities at key moments in the FCC’s path to this decision to estimate the financial market’s assessment of the likely effects of regulation on ISPs, traditional media companies, and new digital media companies. The results are surprising: the markets penalized only three large cable companies to any extent, and even these effects appear to have been short-lived. The media companies, arguably the intended beneficiaries of the regulations, were unaffected.
Ozz: A New Name on the Long List of β-Catenin's Nemeses

In the February issue of Developmental Cell, Nastasi et al. describe Ozz, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase adaptor that regulates myofibril organization. Ozz appears to function in ubiquitination and degradation of membrane-bound, but not cytosolic, β-catenin, whose turnover may be required for alignment and growth of the sarcomere, the basic contractile unit of myofibers.
Hildegard of Bingen: A Feminist Ontology

Two major lines of argument support the notion that Hildegard of Bingen’s metaphysics is peculiarly gynocentric. Contra the standard commentary on her work, the focus is not on the notion of viriditas ; rather, the first line of argument presents a specific delineation of her ontology, demonstrating that it is a graded hierarchy of beings, many of which present feminine aspects of the divine, and all of which establish the metaphysical notion of interpenetrability. The second line of argument specifically contrasts her thought to that of Aquinas and Meister Eckhart, noting areas of similarity and difference. It is concluded that the visionary origins of Hildegard’s work may have to some extent precluded our understanding of it, and that her work merits consideration not only philosophically and theologically but from the standpoint of its early presentation of a gynocentric worldview.
Bäcklund transformations and loop group actions

We construct a local action of the group of rational maps from 2 to GL(n, ℂ), on local solutions of flows of the ZS-AKNS sl(n, ℂ)-hierarchy. We show that the actions of simple elements (linear fractional transformations) give local Backlund transformations, and we derive a permutability formula from different factorizations of a quadratic element. We prove that the action of simple elements on the vacuum may give either global smooth solutions or solutions with singularities. However, the action of the subgroup of the rational maps that satisfy the U(n)-reality condition on the space of global rapidly decaying solutions of the flows in the u(n)-hierarchy is global, and the action of a simple element gives a global Backlund transformation. The actions of certain elements in the rational loop group on the vacuum give rise to explicit time-periodic multisolitons (multibreathers). We show that this theory generalizes the classical Backlund theory of the sine-Gordon equation. The group structures of Backlund transformations for various hierarchies are determined by their reality conditions. We identify the reality conditions (the group structures) for the sl(n, ℝ), u(k,n − k), KdV, Kupershmidt-Wilson, and Gel'fand-Dikii hierarchies. The actions of linear fractional transformations that satisfy a reality condition, modulo the center of the group of rational maps, give Backlund and Darboux transformations for the hierarchy defined by the reality condition. Since the factorization cannot always be carried out under this reality condition, the action is again local, and Backlund transformations only generate local solutions for these hierarchies unless singular solutions are allowed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coordinated Dispatch of Active Power Distribution Network Containing Large-scaled Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicle☆

Abstract Regarding the coordinated dispatch of active power distribution network containing large-scaled distributed generations (DGs) and electric vehicles (EVs), this paper proposes a coordinated dispatch method based on voltage iteration. A model for coordinated dispatch that can optimize the node charging power of EVs and the output of DGs is established. Then the network loss in the optimization objective is simplified by the static voltage which obtained in the previous optimization iteration. Meanwhile, the nonlinear restrictions between power and voltage are simplified by the sensitivity equation, also based on the static voltage. Finally, an iteration method is proposed to correct the static voltage used in the simplified model. The coordinated dispatch method proposed in this paper is verified by the IEEE33 node test system.
Sexual and Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in anti-interferon receptor-treated Rag1-deficient mice

Although Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, human-to-human transmission has also been observed from males-to-females as well as mother-to-offspring. In the current study, we studied both sexual transmission (STx) and vertical transmission (VTx) of ZIKV using anti-IFNAR1-treatment of Rag1 −/− (AIR) mice. These mice have suppressed type I IFN responses and lack adaptive immune responses, leading to a prolonged infection prior to clinical disease. STx of ZIKV from infected AIR males to naive Ifnar1 −/− females was observed with greater than 50% incidence, with infection observed in the vaginal tract at early time points. In the case of a resulting pregnancy, virus was also found in the uterus and placental tissue. In additional studies, VTx of virus was observed in AIR female mice. Specifically, peripheral ZIKV infection of pregnant AIR females resulted in detectable virus in brain and/or lymph nodes of fetuses and/or pups. VTx of ZIKV was stochastic, in that not all fetuses/pups within the same dam had detectable virus and infection was not associated with breakdown of maternal/fetal placental barrier. This provides a new model to study the barriers to STx and VTx of ZIKV and the immune responses essential to preventing transmission.
Modeling the mammalian sleep cycle.

During sleep, the mammalian brain transitions through repeated cycles of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. The physiological implementation of this slow ultradian brain rhythm is largely unknown. Two differing dynamical mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the NREM–REM cycle. The first model type relies on reciprocal interactions between inhibitory and excitatory neural populations resulting in stable limit cycle oscillations. Recent experimental findings instead favor a model, in which mutually inhibitory interactions between REM sleep-promoting (REM-on) and REM sleep-suppressing (REM-off) neural populations stabilize the brain state. Slow modulations in the neural excitability, that are hypothesized to reflect the homeostatic need for REM sleep, abruptly switch the brain in and out of REM sleep.
Showing Your Cards: Entrepreneurs’ Computer Mediated Discourse as Reflection of Attention

Many priorities vie for ventures’ attention at any given point. Most notably, at various points in their lifecycle, ventures are focused on gaining customers, financing, or both. The question is, how can we discern where a new venture’s attention lies? Prior research has primarily studied more established entrepreneurial endeavors, analyzing press releases, annual reports, and traditional media. Younger ventures, however, may not yet have achieved the longevity necessary to execute those forms of communication. The present study proposes that entrepreneurial attention can therefore be observed in less formal communication modes – computer mediated communication (CMC), such as blogs and social mediums. Further, it proposes, defines, and provides qualitative and quantitative measures for provides objective definitions for investor and customer orientations. Last, it applies and demonstrates the use of a modern, contextually-specific methodology in the analysis of entrepreneurial behavior.
Further Evidence Supporting a Protective Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) in Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection.

Aortic disease arises from abnormalities in size or structure of the vessel wall. An (fusiform) aneurysm is a localized dilatation of the aorta, usually defined as >150% of the normal diameter for a given segment. Aortic dissection is bleeding into the media layer, often with propagation of a false lumen. Both diseases can occur independently, although dilated aortas are at increased risk of dissection, dissected aortas have increased expansion rates, and either process can result in vessel rupture. Aneurysms and dissections are broadly classified as affecting the thoracic (supradiaphragmatic) or abdominal (infradiaphragmatic) aorta. Thoracic aortic disease is characterized by medial degeneration, whereas pathology of the abdominal aorta includes substantial inflammatory infiltrates, marked loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and frequent luminal thrombus. Additionally, thoracic but not abdominal aneurysm and dissection is associated with numerous genetic mutations, including genes coding for fibrillin-1 causing Marfan syndrome or components of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)–signaling pathway causing Loeys–Dietz syndrome, such as TGFβ receptors, TGFβ ligands, and SMAD transcription factors. See accompanying article on page 2102 Mouse models have recapitulated many pathological aspects of aortic aneurysm and dissection and are informative in testing mechanisms of disease and potential therapeutics. A popular model is the infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) to hypercholesterolemic mice, first described by the Daugherty group. Dissection of the suprarenal abdominal aorta occurs within 4 to 10 days in the majority of animals and aneurysms restricted to this region progressively develop from vascular remodeling for several weeks.1 Normocholesterolemic mice infused with AngII have less abdominal but similar thoracic aortic disease manifesting as infrequent dissection and rupture with modest dilatation of the ascending aorta by 7 days.2,3 Although a convenient experimental model, there is limited evidence for AngII hyperactivity in clinical disease. Hence, AngII inhibitors are not prescribed for …
Zero Waste Patternmaking in the Classroom: Creative Approaches to TeachingSustainable Design

The global apparel industry produces abundant waste and pollution during the processes intrinsic to each stage of the product life cycle. Fashion and apparel academic programs provide a unique opportunity to inform and supply fashion undergraduate students with the necessary skills and creative problem solving approaches to reducing the negative environmental impact of current apparel production processes.
Delayed Neurological Injury Not From Large-Vessel Vasospasm

Abstract Delayed neurological injury in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has long been attributed to large-vessel vasospasm. New evidence suggests that delayed neurological injury is correlated to other pathophysiological mechanisms. Neuroinflammation is considered a hallmark feature of subarachnoid hemorrhage and is associated with release of various inflammatory molecules, believed to contribute to continued neurological injury and associated cognitive decline. Cortical spreading depolarization is an additional mechanism that could be causing microvascular ischemia and additional injury. Another cause of delayed injury associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is hydrocephalus, usually treated with cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Various therapeutic interventions have been designed to target delayed injury. Unfractionated heparin, glyburide, IL-1 antagonists as well as TLR-4 antagonists target delayed neurological injury by blocking inflammatory pathways associated with long-term outcomes.
Quantification of vessel-specific coronary perfusion territories using minimum-cost path assignment and computed tomography angiography: Validation in a swine model.

Abstract Background As combined morphological and physiological assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is necessary to reliably resolve CAD severity, the objective of this study was to validate an automated minimum-cost path assignment (MCP) technique which enables accurate, vessel-specific assignment of the left (LCA) and right (RCA) coronary perfusion territories using computed tomography (CT) angiography data for both left and right ventricles. Methods Six swine were used to validate the MCP technique. In each swine, a dynamic acquisition comprised of twenty consecutive volume scans was acquired with a 320-slice CT scanner following peripheral injection of contrast material. From this acquisition the MCP technique was used to automatically assign LCA and RCA perfusion territories for the left and right ventricles, independently. Each animal underwent another dynamic CT acquisition following direct injection of contrast material into the LCA or RCA. Using this acquisition, reference standard LCA and RCA perfusion territories were isolated from the myocardial blush. The accuracy of the MCP technique was evaluated by quantitatively comparing the MCP-derived LCA and RCA perfusion territories to these reference standard territories. Results All MCP perfusion territory masses (MassMCP) and all reference standard perfusion territory masses (MassRS) in the left ventricle were related by MassMCP = 0.99MassRS+0.35 g (r = 1.00). MassMCP and MassRS in the right ventricle were related by MassMCP = 0.94MassRS+0.39 g (r = 0.96). Conclusion The MCP technique was validated in a swine animal model and has the potential to be used for accurate, vessel-specific assignment of LCA and RCA perfusion territories in both the left and right ventricular myocardium using CT angiography data.
Role of ACE, ACE2 and Neprilysin in the Kidney

From the initial description of renin activity over a century ago, ongoing study of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) continues to yield novel findings that redefine the functional nature of this system, as well as reveal the complexity of the interplay among the various RAAS components. Indeed, the recent discoveries of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (Crackower et al 2002; Donoghue et al 2000; Tipnis et al 2000); the renin receptor (Nguyen et al 2002) and the angiotensin(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] receptor (Santos et al 2002) represent important examples of our evolving concepts of the RAAS and cardiovascular regulation. Coupled with the emerging view that the RAAS is not defined as simply an endocrine system, these local or tissue systems may exhibit distinct functional and processing pathways (Chappell et al 1989; Chappell et al 2004; Paul et al 2006). The kidney is clearly an important target organ of the circulating RAAS, particularly the actions of Ang II and aldosterone to promote sodium and water reabsorption, as well as their influence on the progression of tissue injury and fibrosis (Harris 1999). The kidney also exhibits a local RAAS that expresses Ang II, Ang-(1-7), and multiple Ang receptor subtypes that mediate the distinct actions of these two peptides in both normal and pathophysiolgocial conditions such as hypertension or diabetes (Burns 2000; Carey & Siragy 2003; Navar et al 2000). Figure 1 illustrates one current view of the renal RAAS network that emphasizes the distinct synthetic pathways of Ang II and Ang-(1-7), as well as functional actions mediated by the AT1, AT2 and AT 1−7 receptors. Although the emergence of receptor subtypes distinguishes the distinct signaling pathways of Ang II and Ang-(1-7), the post-renin enzymes that form and degrade these peptides must be considered in lieu of the overall regulation of the functional RAAS within the kidney. The inclusion of Ang-(1-12) as a potential intermediate in Ang II formation via a renin-independent pathway reflects the recent
Mutation Screening Using Automated Bidirectional Dideoxy Fingerprinting

The need continues to grow for mutation identification in genetic disease in both research and clinical settings. We have developed a rapid nonradioactive bidirectional dideoxy fingerprint mutation screening procedure that is performed using an automated DNA analyzer. This technique features standardized primers and easily interpreted results from separate, but simultaneously collected, images for coding and noncoding strands. Another advantage is simplified mutation verification by sequencing using the same amplified DNA templates and also application to large multi-exon genes. We demonstrate the efficiency and reproducibility of the method in which we screen a DNA fragment encompassing exon 5 of the PTCH gene (in which mutations cause Gorlin Syndrome) in a panel of 22 patients.
Human Body Odor Discrimination: T-Shirt Experiment

Body odors play a more important role in human behavior than we realize. Mothers can identify their infant’s odor when presented with several garments worn by their own and other children. Breast-fed infants learn to recognize the axillary odor of their mothers, while bottle-fed infants do not (Cernoch and Porter 1985). Children between the ages 3 and 5 years correctly discriminate their mother’s T-shirt from those of other women (Montagner 1974). Adults can identify the gender of the wearer by smelling a worn T-shirt (Russell 1983; Schleidt et al. 1981). People can even identify their own odor on a T-shirt among several shirts. In general, female odors are perceived as more pleasant than male odors. But pleasantness is correlated with the strength of the odor, so that a strong female odor can be misclassified as male (Doty et al. 1978).
Race talk and local collective memory among African American men in a neighborhood tavern

This article examines how African American men, through face-to-face conversation, create individual and collective memories around issues of race. I use ethnographic data collected in an African American neighborhood tavern in Chicago to argue that tavern patrons' race talk: 1) generates a collective memory of negative interracial interaction that gives reported racial encounters a compounding effect; and 2) empowers patrons through catharsis and gives them an opportunity to re-create themselves with a positive racial self-identity. Consequences of this microlevel collective memory for interracial interaction are discussed.
Steady-state response of a thermoelastic half-space to the rapid motion of surface thermal/mechanical loads

Shear and normal tractions and a heat flux are applied to a largely arbitrary area that moves with constant subsonic speed over a half-space surface. The half-space is a coupled thermoelastic solid of the Jeffreys type, so that the governing steady-state equations involve three thermoelastic characteristic lengths and a dimensionless coupling constant. This constant and one of the lengths remain in the limit as the solid reduces to the standard coupled thermoelastic material. The problem is solved exactly in an integral transform space, and asymptotic expressions for the normal displacement and the temperature change induced on the half-space surface are extracted. These are in principle valid for large distances from the loading zone as measured along its line of travel but, because the scaling dimension is of O(10-14)µ m, they are robust. Exact inversions are performed, and the results show marked dependence on both loading zone speed and thermoelastic parameters. Indeed, the role of the latter is enhanced as the speed is increased. Singular behavior is found, in particular, when the loading zone moves with the effective thermoelastic Rayleigh speed, an exact formula for which is also given.
A Research on Improving the Availability of Hybrid Energy Power System

This paper is designed for the site of hybrid energy power system of solar and diesel generator. Referring to the site survey information, we propose an optimized configuration method which includes solar photovoltaic panel capacity, battery capacity and diesel generator capacity for the hybrid power system. The optimized configuration method reduce the initial investment of the investors. After analysis of historical data of a large number of hybrid sites, we also propose an intelligent control strategy to achieve the goal of zero discarding solar energy to maximize the use of solar energy, and reduce the running time of diesel generator. And then the maintenance costs of the operator are reduced.
Classification of White Blood Cells with PatternNet-fused Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks (PECNN)

The traditional process of the complete blood count test has long provided hematologists with information to diagnose blood-based disorders. However, this tedious and manual process can be subject to bias and inaccurate classifications. As a result, automated methods of white-blood cell detection and counting have been sought out as a means to facilitate the process and improve classification accuracy. In this paper, we present a new method, PatternNet-fused Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks (PECNN) for classifying white blood cells. The proposed architecture relies on an ensemble method, PatternNet, to fuse outputs of n randomly generated Convolutional Neural Networks. The reliance on randomly generated structures allows the proposed algorithm to be adaptive to data, generalizing its applications. The PatternNet captures the strengths of each participating model while being insensitive to outliers. Through our experimental procedure, we were able to show that our ensemble model outperformed other ensemble models even in midst of noisy data. We were also able to show that the proposed architecture performs as well as a much more sophisticated deep network with a much less computational cost.
The Role of the Lateral Habenula Circuitries in Alcohol Use Disorders

Abstract The aversive consequences of withdrawal from chronic alcohol abuse are risk factors for relapse drinking and alcoholism, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms are not well-understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic structure that connects the forebrain with the midbrain may play a crucial role. This chapter centers on the recent evidence about the effects of alcohol on the activity and synaptic transmissions of the LHb. Multidisciplinary work in rodents collectively suggests that acute and repeated alcohol exposure increases the strength of excitatory synapses and excitability of LHb neurons, which is concomitant with the affective psychiatric behaviors occurring during alcohol withdrawal. We also review evidence about the amelioration of relapse drinking and psychiatric disorders in withdrawal animals through LHb inhibition. These findings highlight a critical role for the LHb and its circuits in alcohol use disorder and related psychiatric ailments.
Bihemisphere Ischemia Due to a Unilateral Lesion: A Case Report.

Abstract Bihemispheric ischemic strokes secondary to unilateral vessel disease are uncommon. We present the case of a 70-year-old man with multiple acute/subacute bilateral infarcts. The patient was found to have stenosis of the left internal carotid artery secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus vasculopathy, with involvement of the left proximal middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Angiographic studies also revealed A1 segment aplasia of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA), thus indicating dependence on the left-sided circulation for perfusion of the bilateral ACA vascular territory. This case illustrates how A1 segment aplasia, an anatomic variant of the circle of Willis detected by angiographic studies, can contribute to bilateral infarction in the ACA vascular territory.
Pragmatic Trials and Approaches to Transforming Care

When considering medical interventions and tools for learning and advancing a field, one perspective is to test a drug, device, or intervention in a highly controlled setting, where inclusion and exclusion criteria are very strict. Such criteria can limit the impact of bias and confounders, while providing rigor in assessing the impact of an intervention. However, when evaluating data from a clinical trial and assessing whether these criteria apply to the patient who sits in front of you, this approach creates a challenge: such strict criteria often mean that the person for whom you want to apply “the evidence” is not appropriate. For this reason, there has been a move to conduct more pragmatic trials that are designed to test the effectiveness of the intervention in broad routine clinical practice. Often, interventions that show a dramatic impact in the setting of a clinical trial fail to be effective in broader settings. This phenomenon is called regression to the mean [1]. So one way to try to approach the assessment of drug, device, and surgical interventions is to evaluate them using a pragmatic trial approach.This establishes a broader base for the intervention and, prospectively, you can identify the subgroups where the interventions could be found to be more effective. This improves applicability of the results.
Project Mental Health Awareness: a Multimedia, Peer-to-Peer Pilot School Curriculum

There is a need for teenagers and adolescents to be aware of mental health topics that affect their peers and community as well as resources for how to seek help. Project Mental Health Awareness (PMHA) is a self-sustaining program designed to be incorporated into any junior high or high school curriculum to increase mental health awareness and promote early recognition by teenagers. The program facilitates and guides students through the process of creating Public Service Announcements (PSA) with mental health themes. After picking a mental health theme, the students must research the topic using appropriate resources and script, film, and edit a PSA targeted toward their peers. In the first 3 years of the program, 80 PSAs were made at two separate high schools. Common topics chosen by students include depression, suicide, and bullying. The program utilizes the students’ creativity and knowledge of social media and technology to provide mental health awareness and resources for teens, by teens. PMHA is unique in that it uses the peer-peer education model through technology and that it is student-driven with little teacher direction. Future directions include formal research on the effectiveness and impact of the program, spreading the curriculum to more school districts, and further building an elementary curriculum.
The life-history fitness of F1 hybrids of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex and D. pulicaria (Crustacea, Anomopoda)

Negative interaction between alleles that arise independently in diverging populations (i.e., Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities) can cause reduction of fitness in their hybrids. However, heterosis in hybrids can emerge if hybridization breaks down detrimental epistatic interaction within parental lineages. In this study, we examined the life-history fitness of the inter-specific F1 hybrids of two recently diverged microcrustacean species Daphnia pulex and D. pulicaria as well as intra-specific F1 hybrids of D. pulex. We identified heterosis in four out of five life-history traits in the inter-specific F1 hybrids. The observation of heterosis in these life-history traits suggests that there are no major genetic incompatibilities between these two species affecting these traits. This also suggests that D. pulex and D. pulicaria are at the early stage of speciation where heterosis can still occur.