cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hematite Versus Magnetite as the Signature for Planetary Magnetic Anomalies

Crustal magnetic anomalies are the result of adjacent geologic units having contrasting magnetization. This magnetization arises from induction and/or remanence. In a planetary context we now know that Mars has significant crustal magnetic anomalies due to remanent magnetization, while the Earth has some anomalies where remanence can be shown to be important. This picture, however, is less clear because of the nature and the magnitude of the geomagnetic field which is responsible for superimposed induced magnetization. Induced magnetization assumes a magnetite source, because of its much greater magnetic susceptibility when compared with other magnetic minerals. We investigated the TRM (thermoremanent magnetization) acquisition of hematite, in weak magnetic fields up to 1 mT, to determine if the remanent and induced magnetization of hematite could compete with magnetite. TRM acquisition curves of magnetite and hematite show that multi-domain hematite reaches TRM saturation (0.3 - 0.4 A sq m/kg) in fields as low as 100 microT. However, multi-domain magnetite reaches only a few percent of its TRM saturation in a field of 100 microT (0.02 - 0.06 A sq m/kg). These results suggest that a mineral such as hematite and, perhaps, other minerals with significant remanence and minor induced magnetization may play an important role in providing requisite magnetization contrast. Perhaps, and especially for the Mars case, we should reevaluate where hematite and other minerals, with efficient remanence acquisition, exist in significant concentration, allowing a more comprehensive explanation of Martian anomalies and better insight into the role of remanent magnetization in terrestrial crustal magnetic anomalies.
Resist This! Embodying the Contradictory Positions and Collective Possibilities of Transformative Resistance.

Youth participatory action research (YPAR) and arts-informed approaches reflect a source of critical resistance at the intersection of theory and practice (praxis). Our discussion draws upon Mestizo Arts & Activism (MAA), a participatory action research collective made up of young people who focused their research on the educational rights of undocumented students (http//educatexcambio.blogspot.com/); coupled with the emotional and economic impacts of stereotypes of immigrant communities (http//www.myspace.com/dreamingofnojudgement). Informed by participatory action research and critical youth studies, art opens up space for youth researchers to collectively process and question social issues they confront in their community while embodying forms of resistance that inspire and create collective participation and action toward social justice. This reflective account narrates our multiple and contradictory experience with resistance and YPAR. By blending personal opinion, theory, and practice we discuss “Ca...
Information integration for public safety officers

Information enabled by technology is used to support good decision-making in the public safety arena. In the information age, the current implementation includes the installation of laptop computers and other mobile computing technology into mobile environments including ambulances, fire vehicles and police cruisers. Typically, these computing devices are equipped with various multi-purpose and custom software applications to replicate the public safety officers' headquarters work environment. In our analysis, we have found that there are large amounts of publiclyavailable datasets that are not available to the public safety officer in the field, but if made available in a real-time environment, could greatly assist the decision-making tasks of the officer and increase the safety of the public entrusted to the officer's watch. Information delivery and integration in the public safety environment are key elements required to maximize data support of public safety. Utilizing aspects of requirements engineering, we propose and develop a variety of applications that allow public safety officials to synthesize and interact with real-time data in the field. Information integration used to locate a topographic area map, satellite image, or immediate alert of the prevailing weather conditions assist in the timely decision-making process, especially in areas where such data is not available in the field. Public and private data sources are delivered according to agency protocols. Our environment takes advantage of the existing Project54 application and hardware, developed at the University of New Hampshire, as well as existing datacasting technology and other wireless mobile communications technologies.
A Four-Parameter Change-Point Model for Predicting Energy Consumption in Commercial Buildings

This paper develops a four-parameter change-point model of energy consumption as a function of dry-bulb temperature, along with accompanying error diagnostics for the model's parameters. The model is a generalization of the widely used three-parameter, or variable-base degree-day method. The model is applied to data from a case study grocery store, is compared to the three-parameter PRISM CO model of the store data, and is shown to provide a statistically better fit to consumption data below about 15{degrees}C. This model appears to be useful for diagnosing unexpected energy use in some buildings and should be useful for determining retrofit energy savings from monitored pre-retrofit and post-retrofit data for the class of buildings whose pre-retrofit consumption is fit by a four-parameter linear change-point model.
Kinematics of fault-bend folding

Abstract The concept of bed-duplication folding, a process of folding by stacking of duplicate beds above a thrust ramp, was introduced by John L. Rich in 1934, and such folding has been studied mechanically and geometrically during the last few years. This paper introduces two kinematical models to bridge between geometrical and mechanical analyses, so results of the two methods of determining the deformations and geometry of bed-duplication folding can be compared. One kinematical model is required for early stages and the other for late stages of bed-duplication folding, but each involves a simple, domainal, velocity distribution. It is remarkable that such simple kinematical models can produce complex geometrical models. The kinematical models clearly produce the type of bed-duplication fold developed by graphical construction and termed “fault-bend fold”. The kinematical models provide new insights into the essence of the type. The velocity distributions assumed in the kinematical models are similar to those predicted by a first-order, mechanical model for thrust ramps with low slopes (less than about 20 degrees) and zero drag. The fold forms computed from the two sets of models are also similar, so geometrical construction roughly reproduces a simple, low-amplitude bed-duplication fold. The approximation is poorer for steeper thrust ramps. The upper limit of the kinematical fold. and geometrical construction is 30 degrees and, at that ramp angle, the dip of the distal limb of the fold is twice the dip of the thrust ramp. Results of the mechanical analysis of relatively steep ramps, carried to second-order accuracy, indicate that the 30-degree limit of the ramp angle is an artifact of the geometrical analysis and that the block being thrusted is subjected to general simple shearing. The simple shear is absent in the kinematical models and the geometrical construction. Nevertheless, both the kinematical and mechanical models predict asymmetry of fold limbs.
Initializing memory shared by several processors

We examine the use of atomic instructions in implementing barriers that do not require previously initialized memory. We show hown identical processes can use uninitialized shared memory to elect a leader that then initialized the shared memory. The processes first use the uninitialized memory to obtain unique identifiers in the range 0 ton−1 and then meet at a barrier. After passing the barrier, the leader initializes the shared memory. Whenn is not a power of 2 this barrier implementation, a tournament algorithm, avoids extra work by taking advantage of information implicit in the algorithm for obtaining the unique identifiers. The only atomic instruction that we require is one that complements a bit.
Probabilistic yielding and cyclic behavior of geomaterials

In this paper, the novel concept of probabilistic yielding is used for 1-D cyclic simulation of the constitutive behavior of geomaterials. Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation-based probabilistic elastic–plastic constitutive framework is applied for obtaining the complete probabilistic (probability density function) material response. Both perfectly plastic and hardening-type material models are considered. It is shown that when uncertainties in material parameters are taken into consideration, even the simple, elastic-perfectly plastic model captures some of the important features of geomaterial behavior, for example, modulus reduction with cyclic strain, which, deterministically, is only possible with more advanced constitutive models. Furthermore, it is also shown that the use of isotropic and kinematic hardening rules does not significantly improve the probabilistic material response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of glucose-primed intravenous glucose tolerance and correction of acute insulin decrement by glipizide in type II diabetes.

Abstract Improved glucose disposal after repeated intravenous (IV) glucose loads, known as the Staub effect, is absent in both type I and type II diabetes. Acute decrements of insulin secretion (AID) are observed following the early phase of insulin release on IV glucose stimulation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The AID cannot be corrected by acute infusions of glyburide or glipizide, or phentolamine, or by glycemic control after 2 weeks of intensive insulin treatments. Fifteen male subjects had 3 hourly successive IV glucose tolerance tests before and after 6 months of glipizide, at a final maintenance dose of 30 ± 3 mg/d. Before treatment, AID, defined as the difference of the lowest of post IV glucose 7- or 10-minute samples from the preceding baseline insulin levels, was detected in the three loads: −6.4 ± 1.9 μU/mL in the first, and then more consistently in the second and third loads, −11 ± 2 μU/mL, and −17 ± 9 μU/mL, respectively. There was a stepwise increase in insulin sums after each load. After glipizide therapy, the AIDs following all three IV glucose loads were no longer demonstrable; both insulin values, as well as insulin sums, were significantly elevated after all three glucose loads. While in the untreated state, the Staub effect was absent: serum glucose disappearances (K), corrected for glycosuria, were K1 = 0.52 ± 0.02, K2 = 0.50 ± 0.04, and K3 = 0.52 ± 0.03. After glipizide, fasting glucose decreased from 215 ± 12 mg/dL to 132 ± 9 mg/dL, glucose values during the triple IV tolerance tests were significantly lower, and the glycohemoglobin decreased from 9.9% ± 0.5% to 8.2% ± 0.03%. Furthermore, glucose disappearance rates were improved: K1 = 0.62 ± 0.02, K2 = 0.68 ± 0.02, and K3 = 0.77 ± 0.04, also defining a positive Staub effect. There was a positive correlation between the glucose disappearance rates and the treatment-induced improvement of early insulin release in the second and third glucose loads (the difference from baseline of the higher of either the 3-minute or the 5-minute post IV samples). There was also a positive correlation between improvement in glucose disappearance rates in the third load with the total insulin sums. Mean AID in untreated overt NIDDM is potentiated by IV glucose priming, even while insulin levels increase. After treatment with glipizide, the AID is either reverted or insignificant, and the Staub effect is restored, along with post IV glucose improvement in insulin levels. Chronic sulfonylurea administration appears at present to be the only known conventional treatment restoring post IV glucose Staub effect and ameliorating the AID of NIDDM.
The Use of Mathcad Functions in Teaching an Undergraduate Aerospace Propulsion Course

This paper investigates the educational efficacy of using a set of Mathcad functions in teaching a typical undergraduate course in Aerospace Propulsion. This approach runs counter to two other methods often utilized in this type of course. The first, a traditional, time-consuming technique, requires students to solve problems by hand using tabular property data. The second is to supply students with a computer algorithm which calculates engine performance in a “black-box” fashion. The approach in this study attempted to bridge the divide between these two methods, incorporating the best features of each. The inclusion of Mathcad functions reduced the time required in performing mindless interpolations while still requiring the students to master the basic Thermodynamic principles required when modeling modern gas turbine engines, as verified by in-class testing. Feedback from students is presented, as well as some unexpected lessons learned from the study. Modifications to the functions are also provided.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Noncausality and Other Defects of Interaction Lagrangians for Particles with Spin One and Higher

We analyze critically what happens when various interaction terms are added to a Lagrangian describing a free particle with spin \ensuremath{\ge}1. Good behavior results when the charged spin-one particle is coupled minimally to an external electromagnetic field or via a magnetic dipole moment. However, with an arbitrary electric quadrupole moment, the spin-one particle propagates noncausally ($vgc$) in an electrostatic field. Noncausal behavior is also found for the neutral vector field with self-coupling $\ensuremath{\lambda}{({W}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{W}^{\ensuremath{\mu}})}^{2}$. Another kind of disease appears when the spin-two particle is given a charge: A constraint is converted into an equation of motion, so that there are six degrees of freedom instead of the desired five.
Symbiosis Therapy: The Potential of Using Human Protozoa for Molecular Therapy

The concept of symbiosis is proposed as a disease therapy model. It is hypothesized that protozoa that live naturally in human tissues can be genetically modified for the production and delivery of therapeutic proteins. Approximately 30 identified species of protozoa live in a variety of human tissues, both intracellularly and extracellularly. Leishmania, one species of human protozoa, has been genetically altered for conditional auxotrophy and has shown no pathology in both mouse and nonhuman primate safety tests. Several species of protozoa have been transfected with a variety of genes and have successfully manufactured active foreign proteins. Protozoa have biochemical mechanisms to glycosylate proteins. Human protozoa have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for evading immune rejection and can sometimes persist for the lifetime of the host. Symbiosis therapy does not involve genetic alteration of the host and is potentially fully reversible. Research on treating genetic diseases is currently ongoing. For example, there is a group of more than 40 genetic diseases, lysosomal storage diseases, which result from defects in lysosomal enzymes primarily in macrophages. Leishmania specifically targets the lysosomal compartment of the macrophage and therefore may be the optimal vector for treatment of many of these diseases.
An elective course to introduce clinical pearls related to commonly prescribed medications.

Objective. To develop and implement a 2-hour elective course to reinforce clinical aspects of various commonly prescribed medications and identify important differences between various drug classes. Design. Drugs and drug classes were systematically and chronologically presented to highlight “clinical pearls” and subtle differences, and provide a framework that facilitates learning. Assessment. Learning was assessed via 3 paper-based examinations, a written drug consult, and a comprehensive final examination. Students performed well on the examination and rated the course favorably on standardized evaluations. Conclusion. The RX File course proved to be a popular elective which appears to meet a niche by providing a course that supplements and complements the existing curriculum by providing detailed information on the clinical aspects of medications.
Urinary steroid evaluations to monitor ovarian function in exotic ungulates: VIII. Correspondence of urinary and plasma steroids in the llama (Lama glama) during nonconceptive and conceptive cycles

Ovarian function was evaluated in mature female llamas (n = 2) during seven ovulations in 2 conceptive and 5 nonconceptive ovarian cycles by measuring urinary and plasma hormone concentrations. Ovulation was induced by three different methods; administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), copulation with a vasectomized male and copulation with an intact male. Plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations, and urinary concentrations of estrogen conjugates and two progesterone metabolites, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG), and immunoreactive (iPdG), concentrations were compared to determine their value in monitoring ovarian function. Estrogen concentrations in urine corresponded to estradiol levels in plasma and accurately reflected changes in follicular activity when evaluated over several daily samples. Plasma progesterone and urinary iPdG were reliable indicators of luteal function. These data represent the first comparison of blood and urinary hormone measurements for monitoring the complete ovarian cycle of an ungulate, and demonstrates that either can be used to assess changes in ovarian activity in this species.
Tubal pregnancy after total vaginal hysterectomy

We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented to our emergency department for evaluation of abdominal pain 24 days after a vaginal hysterectomy. The patient's serum pregnancy test was positive. An ectopic pregnancy of the right adnexa was diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by laparotomy The patient recovered uneventfully. Ectopic pregnancy after a total hysterectomy can occur if the fertilized ovum is in the fallopian tube at the time of the hysterectomy or if a fistulous tract exists between the vagina and the ovaries, enabling fertilization to occur. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy after a total hysterectomy is unusual yet must be considered in the presence of intact ovaries to avoid a delay in treatment.
What are the Characteristics of School Phobic Children

This paper presents a critical review of studies delineating the major characteristics of school phobic children. This work focusses on data relevant to the incidence of school phobia, age, sex, ethnic, religious, and social class backgrounds of these children and their families, birth order, intelligence, and academic achievement, presence and nature of precipitating events leading to phobic episodes and onset of related symptoms, and personality characteristics. There have been few systematic surveys of school phobic children so little is known about these characteristics; much work has produced equivocal results. The only consistent agreement is that school phobic children are typically more dependent, anxious, immature, and depressed than nonphobic children.
Performance sensitivity of dynamical systems

A unified approach is presented to the study of performance sensitivity in dynamical systems. The performance sensitivity is measured by the maximum of a performance index (p.i.). It corresponds to the worst behaviour of the system that is subject to bounded disturbances, which may be external and/or internal. This viewpoint allows one to study the sensitivity within the framework of the optimum-control theory. The concepts of static and dynamic performance sensitivity are introduced, and methods for their determination are proposed. A technique is suggested for the design of systems that are least sensitive to the effects of bounded disturbances. Examples illustrate the approach.
Cloning of an SNF2/SWI2-related protein that binds specifically to the SPH motifs of the SV40 enhancer and to the HIV-1 promoter.

Abstract We have isolated a human cDNA clone encoding HIP116, a protein that binds to the SPH repeats of the SV40 enhancer and to the TATA/initiator region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 promoter. The predicted HIP116 protein is related to the yeast SNF2/SWI2 transcription factor and to other members of this extended family and contains seven domains similar to those found in the vaccinia NTP1 ATPase. Interestingly, HIP116 also contains a C3HC4 zinc-binding motif (RING finger) interspersed between the ATPase motifs in an arrangement similar to that found in the yeast RAD5 and RAD16 proteins. The HIP116 amino terminus is unique among the members of this family, and houses a specific DNA-binding domain. Antiserum raised against HIP116 recognizes a 116-kDa nuclear protein in Western blots and specifically supershifts SV40 and HIV-1 protein-DNA complexes in gel shift experiments. The binding site for HIP116 on the SV40 enhancer directly overlaps the site for TEF-1, and like TEF-1, binding of HIP116 to the SV40 enhancer is destroyed by mutations that inhibit SPH enhancer activity in vivo. Purified fractions of HIP116 display strong ATPase activity that is preferentially stimulated by SPH DNA and can be inhibited specifically by antibodies to HIP116. These findings suggest that HIP116 might affect transcription, directly or indirectly, by acting as a DNA binding site-specific ATPase.
Spin-Orbit Splitting Effect on Single-Particle Energy Levels Based on Velocity-Dependent Potential

The single-particle energy states of neutrons calculated for several finite nuclei are found in good agreement with the experimental data. An effective velocity-dependent nucleon-nuclear potential based upon the $N\ensuremath{-}N$ interaction has been employed in the independent-particle model, and the spin-orbit effect has been studied.
Nucleic acid, protein, and protein-bound lysine and arginine patterns in epidermal nuclei of the mature and senescing onion bulb

Eight macromolecular indices were determined for nuclei of outer epidermal cells in the equatorial plane from young through old leaf bases (sequential leaf senescence) and for nuclei in basal, equatorial and three apical locations within one leaf base (apical cell senescence). The eight nuclear indices were total nucleic acid. DNA, RNA, histone, non-histone, total protein, and protein-bound lysine and arginine. Cell senescence and death were accompanied by startling decreases in these eight indices. In sequential leaf senescence, nuclei in the second innermost turgid leaf base contained about four to five times the amount of nucleic acids and nuclear proteins in the youngest leaf base. The nuclei in the outermost leaf base contained about 20% less of the nucleic acids and proteins measured than the second outermost leaf base. We infer that this represents a decline in nuclear constituents due to senescence, since less than 30% of the cells in the innermost paperlike leaf base contained nuclei and those present were almost devoid of the nuclear constituents measured. Cell senescence in the apical section of a turgid leaf base showed sequential declines in all nuclear indices studied from areas composed of living cells to areas at the apex composed of dead cells. Possible changes in histone content due to physiological ages were detected in the equatorial but not in the vertical study; the protein-bound lysine to arginine ratios increased from younger to older leaf bases.
The deposition of calcium pyrophosphate by NTP pyrophosphohydrolase of matrix vesicles from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage

About 5 mumol CaPPi/mg protein was deposited within 3 h in the presence of the reaction mixtures containing 1 mM ATP, 2 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Pi, and 17 micrograms of purified NTP pyrophosphohydrolase. At 1 mM ATP, 50% of the deposition was inhibited by 0.5-1 mM of various substrate and product analogues including AMP, ADP, and ethylene hydroxyl diphosphonate. The magnitude of inhibition on NTP pyrophosphohydrolase activity was in the order of AMP = CMP = ADP greater than adenosine greater than adenine greater than NAD = NADP. AMP, CMP, ADP, and adenosine are competitive inhibitors. The modes of inhibition by adenine, NAD, and NADP differ from the competitive inhibition. Ribose, 3'-AMP, 2'-AMP, and cAMP did not inhibit the enzyme activity.
Effect of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine or cytosine-B-D-arabinofuranoside hydrochloride on myelination in newborn rat cerebellum cultures following removal of myelination inhibiting antiserum to whole cord or cerebroside

Summary Myelination was inhibited in cultures of newborn rat cerebellum by exposure to antisera prepared by injecting rabbits with whole guinea pig spinal cord or cerebroside mixed with bovine serum albumin. At 15 days in vitro (DIV), when 90–100% of our control cultures were myelinated, antiserum inhibited cultures were washed and refed routine culture medium or medium containing 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUdR) or cytosine-B- d -arabinofuranoside hydrochloride (ara-C) in concentrations previously shown to inhibit myelination in our system. The disinhibited cultures myelinated within 2–5 days of removal of antiserum regardless of the presence of BUdR or ara-C. The evidence suggests that the myelin-forming oligodendrocytes do not undergo cell division before myelination during disinhibition from antiserum. In addition, cultures exposed to BUdR on 5–7 DIV in the presence of antiserum and disinhibited at 10 DIV did not have myelinated axons as observed by light microscopy at 15 DIV. Thus, the BUdR sensitive oligodendrocyte division remained intact in antiserum inhibited cultures. We conclude that the antisera inhibit myelin formation without interrupting the pattern of cell division or the covert differentiation of oligodendrocytes.
Oxidation-Assisted Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Methodology to Quantify Mixed Alkylthiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold: Applications to Competitive Chemical Adsorption

A novel ozone oxidation assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) methodology was developed. The method provides a direct and simple approach to quantify mixed alkylthiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold with higher detection sensitivity. Ozone oxidation of alkylthiol SAMs on gold causes the rupture of thiol−gold covalent bonds and the conversion of alkanethiolate to alkyl sulfonate. With negative ion SIMS measurement, the secondary ion yields of alkyl sulfonate are much higher than those of any molecular ions which originate from covalently bound alkylthiols. Using the intensity of molecular ions originating from intact alkyl sulfonate molecules from oxidized mixed SAMs to quantify the original mixed SAMs on gold can improve detection sensitivity. In this paper, we report results on the optimization of conditions for ozone oxidation of mixed alkylthiol SAMs on gold. Optimization using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data d...
Quantitation of Flavorful Food Components Using Isotope Dilution

SUMMARY: Radioactively-labeled flavor compounds are added to a food system prior to reduced-pressure distillation. The example used is benzaldehyde, which in the distillate is converted to its corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. Separation of the labeled hydrazone from other material present is accomplished by thin-layer chromatography. Recovered material is quantitated using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Employing isotope monitoring data, the native aldehyde is calculated via isotope dilution. The method is adaptable to flavor compounds of sufficient volatility to be recovered under 5 mm Hg and 65°C, and which are stable or can be converted to a stable form for purification. The potential for quantitation of several components during an experiment is briefly discussed.
Lightweight magnets for MPD arcs.

Electro- and permanent magnet configurations using different materials analyzed, determining lowest mass magnet system for MPD ARCS
Were there framework reefs in the Cambrian

It is commonly thought that framework reefs did not exist prior to Middle Ordovician time. Lower Cambrian archaeocyathan-algal limestones from several localities suggest that this view may be incorrect. In particular, limestones in the Poleta Formation of western Nevada and eastern California display a complex branched framework and a biological zonation similar to that described from Ordovician and younger rocks. These archaeocyathan-rich limestones are associated with coarse-grained oolite, contain tidal channels, and are flat-topped and laterally continuous rather than biohermal. I interpret them to have been wave-resistant, environment-dominating, framework reefs.
Broadcasting regulation and civil society in Postwar Lebanon

Providing a regulatory framework for dozens of unlicensed wartime radio and television stations has been an arduous task for postwar Lebanese governments. Based on Lebanese media monitoring, a review of the Lebanese press, and interviews with media people in Lebanon, this study traces the development of broadcasting in prewar Lebanon, describes wartime changes, and discusses postwar broadcasting regulation in the country within the framework of civil society. Examining the factors that shaped regulation and the forces opposing it, this article calls for a more inclusive regulatory framework preserving national stability and media freedom.
A ‘Progressive’ Mutation induced in Poa pratensis L. by Ionizing Radiation

BREEDING improved varieties of apomictic species is complicated by the problem of hybridizing plants and thereby recombining desirable characteristics, and by the possibility that many otherwise desirable hybrids will reproduce sexually.
Combined benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring photodynamic therapy and pulsed dye laser for port wine stain birthmarks.

Summary Background Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is a commonly utilized treatment for port wine stain birthmarks (PWS) in the United States; however, results are variable and few patients achieve complete removal. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly used in China, but treatment associated photosensitivity lasts several weeks and scarring may occur. We propose an alternative treatment option, combined PDT + PDL and performed a proof-of-concept preliminary clinical trial. Methods Subjects with non-facial PWS were studied. Each subject had four test sites: control, PDL alone, PDT alone (benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A photosensitizer with 576 nm light), and PDT + PDL. Radiant exposure time for PDT was increased in increments of 15 J/cm 2 . Authors evaluated photographs and chromametric measurements before and 12 weeks post-treatment. Results No serious adverse events were reported; epidermal changes were mild and self-limited. No clinical blanching was noted in control or PDT-alone sites. At PDT radiant exposures of 15 and 30 J/cm 2 , equivalent purpura and blanching was observed at PDL and PDT + PDL sites. At PDT radiant exposures over 30 J/cm 2 , greater purpura was noted at PDT + PDL sites as compared to PDL alone. Starting at 75 J/cm 2 , improved blanching was noted at PDT + PDL sites. Conclusions Preliminary results indicate that PDT + PDL is safe and may offer improved PWS treatment efficacy. Additional studies are warranted.
The Contribution of Faculty of Color to Undergraduate Education

Using data from a national study of 13,499 faculty at 134 colleges and universities, this study explores the impact of faculty of color on undergraduate education. This study finds compelling evidence to suggest that faculty of color do provide an important contribution to undergraduate education in two ways. First, faculty of color employ a broader range of pedagogical techniques and interact more frequently with students than their White counterparts. Second, greater structural diversity among faculty leads to an increased use of effective educational practices.
PRECOCIOUS INCREASE OF SUCRASE ACTIVITY IN THE INTESTINE SMALL OF SUCKLING BY CARBOHYDRATES: SRESSORY EFFECT OF SUGAR INDUCED DIARRHEA

Increased intake of sucrose (S) is followed in adult and suckling rats by an increase of sucrase activity (SA). This study analyzes the increase of SA in suckling rats evoked by the early feeding of S and other sugars. Ten-day-old rats, removed from their mothers, were gavage fed for 4 days a low carbohydrate milk formula (MF), [10.8% fat, 8% protein, 1.4% carbohydrate-w/v], with or without addition(s) of lactose or fructose (FR), both 13%. Feeding the MF with FR led to diarrhea and an increase of SA. Gastric evacuation of MF with S or FR was significantly slower than MF low in carbohydrates or with lactose. When MF with S or FR were placed directly into the ligated jejunoileum in situ, net water absorption was decreased. Ten-day-old rats kept with the mother, and receiving twice daily 0.5 ml of 5% mannitol in water developed diarrhea within one day, and a marked increase of SA which gradually decreased after the 2nd day of mannitol feeding. Serum corticosterone level was highly increased 8 hrs after the initiation of the mannitol feeding or MF with S or FR. Our experiments thus explain the role of adrenals in increase of SA in sucklings. In contrast to adult rats, increase of SA in suckling rats by dietary sugars is mainly due to the stress caused by diarrhea that is evoked by undigested and/or unabsorbed amount of sugars.
In Search of House Effects: A Comparison of Responses to Various Questions byfferent Survey OrganizationsTOM

This paper examines the responses to various questions asked by different survey organizations. It considers the question of whether different survey organizations produce similar measurements of public opinion or whether house effects produce dissimilar measurements of the same population. Tom W. Smith is an Associate Study Director for the National Opinion Research Center. Public Opinion Quarterly ? 1978 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/78/0042-0443-21/$01.75 I On a number of confidence items Harris and GSS questions show large differences in marginals and divergent trends. On differences in question wording and form as well as on results, see Ladd (1976-77), Smith (1977), and Turner and Krauss (1978). The GSS is conducting several methodological experiments on its 1978 survey to examine this matter further and Elizabeth Martin, Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina; Tom W. Smith, NORC; and D. Garth Taylor, NORC, are engaged in an analysis of the GSS-Harris confidence items. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.243 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:48:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Paradoxical activational effects of a corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein "ligand inhibitor" in rat brain.

Abstract The corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein is distinct from known corticotropin-releasing factor receptors, but can bind the peptide and neutralize its biological actions. Recent interest has centered about the therapeutic potential of “ligand inhibitors” of binding protein action, synthetic corticotropin-releasing factor fragments which are inactive at corticotropin-releasing factor receptors, but can displace the peptide from the binding protein, thereby increasing levels of free corticotropin-releasing factor. To identify sites of action of such ligands, the distribution of Fos expression seen following intracerebroventricular administration of rat/human corticotropin-releasing factor 6–33 (5–50 μg) was charted in relation to corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein and receptor expression. It was expected that Fos induction would mimic aspects of the distribution of the two known corticotropin-releasing factor receptors, but the far greater correspondence was seen with that of the binding protein itself. This included neurons in the isocortex, the olfactory system, amygdala and a number of discrete brainstem cell groups; many Fos-immunoreactive neurons in each were found to co-express corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein messenger RNA. Subsets of activated neurons co-expressed Type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor messenger RNA, though these were largely limited to cell groups that also express the corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein, and where binding protein immunoreactivity and Type 1 receptor transcripts were found to co-exist. Responsive neurons displaying Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor message were seen reliably only in the lateral septal nucleus. These findings support only a limited capacity of the ligand inhibitor to activate neurons bearing corticotropin-releasing factor receptors. The more pervasive activation seen among neurons that express the corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein may be indicative of an unexpected role for this protein in signaling by corticotropin-releasing factor-related peptides.
Temporal synchronization in video watermarking: further studies

In [1], we proposed a technique or protocol for efficient temporal synchronization of video watermarks. Our technique is based on constructing a watermark with temporal redundancy, which allows the detector to efficiently establish and maintain synchronization without performing extensive search or explicit template signal embedding. In this paper, we describe several enhancements to our technique. A new class of key generators is presented which uses a cryptographic hash function to define the set of states and the state transition function of the finite state machine (FSM). In addition to the very large number of states and key-dependent state transition functions, which enhance security, the new class of key generators allows a limited degree of randomization. This randomization can take the form of multiple start states in the FSM, or by randomized state transitions. The non-deterministic behavior of a randomized FSM requires the detector to perform more search, but also makes the key sequence less predictable and improves security. We also describe a new method for temporal redundancy control which adaptively changes the watermark key based on the characteristics of the video. This new strategy prevents a loss of temporal redundancy (which leads to a loss of robustness) which can occur using the earlier naive method. The enhancements were implemented and the detection performance after frame dropping, transposition, and averaging attack are compared.
Design and fabrication of optical thin film color splitting and combing components for projection display

ABSTRACT Optical thin film color splitting and combining components for 3 panel projection displays were designed usingTiO2 and Si02 as high and low refractive index materials, respectively, and fabricated by reactive electron-beam deposition at a substrate temperature of 300 C . The resulting coating performances on the brightness and colorperformance were analyzed by chrorna meter. The correlations between these results and their spectral curves measured by spectrophotometer were discussed.Keywords: color splitting and combining components, UV-IR cut-offfilter, high-reflection mirror, dichroic mirror 1. INTRODUCTION The current trends on the development of projection displays are focused on the high brightness and colorsaturation, large image area, compact size. light weight and lower price.' The improvement on the brightness andcolor performance is especially important for projection displays with large image area. Metal halide lamps are usedas light sources due to their high power efficiency. However, the emitted light from the metal halide lamps contains alot of UV and JR radiations, which is useless to the brightness and detrimental to the performance and life time of theprojection display. Therefore a UV-IR cut-off filter produced from all-dielectric multilayer systems is installed in frontof the metal halide lamp. Meanwhile, the efficient separation of light into highly saturated colors is achieved by usingoptical thin film components as color splitting and combining components, which is easily to change the color area tomeet different color standards by special design and by increasing the number of layers.2 In addition to the opticalproperty requirements, the cost for the production of the optical thin film components with excellent environmentalstability must be competitive.Based on above considerations, optical thin film components, such as UV-IR cut-off filter, high-reflectionmirror, dichroic mirror, and antireflection coatings, were designed using Ti02 and SiO2 as high and low refractiveindex materials, respectively, and fabricated by reactive electron-beam deposition (REBD) at a substrate temperature
Hydrostatic pressure dependence of the KBr U-center side bands

Abstract Hydrostatic pressure measurements on the KBr U-center Stokes side bands are reported at 40.8°K for pressures up to 5 kbar. The Gruneisen constant for the phonons near the [0.6, 0.6, 0] saddle point is calculated to be 1.93 ± 0.1 from these measurements.
Maize 1: A Trimorphic Azo Pigment

We report the discovery of a trimorphic azo pigment, 2-[(2-chloro-phenyl)-hydrazono]-3-oxo-N-o-tolyl-butyramide (Maize 1) and spectroscopic and thermal properties of its forms. Single-crystal X-ray...
The effect of microtacticity on the glass temperature of poly[α-methyl styrene]

Abstract : The effect of microstructure on the glass temperature T(g) of poly(alpha-methyl styrene) has been investigated. It has been observed that T(g) increases as the syndiotacticity of the molecule increases-thus T(g) = 446K for polymer with 67% syndiotactic placements, while a value of T(g) = 453K is found for a sample with 95% syndiotactic placements. Coefficients of expansion for the liquid and glassy states have been calculated and from these a chain stiffness parameter has been estimated using the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory. The result indicates that the flex energy of the alpha-methyl styrene chain is about 20% larger than for the polystyrene chain. (Author)
Teacher-Student Interactions in Middle School Mainstreamed Gasses: Differences With Special and Regular Education Students

AbstractThis paper reports the results of an investigation designed to change teacher-student interactions with mainstreamed students in middle school social studies classes. Fourteen of 40 teacher volunteers received a six-session intervention emphasizing key variables from the teacher effectiveness and special education literature. Results indicate significant differences between experimental and control teachers on a pre- and post-contrast as well as on a follow-up (maintenance) contrast. Homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping effects, independent of the intervention, also are seen. Implications of the findings are presented in terms of future training and research efforts.
Student midwives' duty hours: risks, standards, and recommendations.

Introduction A growing body of literature has emerged describing the risks of extended-duty shifts and sleep deprivation. Worldwide, midwifery organizations have not adopted standards for practitioner or student duty shifts. This project reviews the literature related to extended-duty shifts in an effort to develop evidence-based recommendations for student nurse-midwives/student midwives (SNMs/SMs). Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted through electronic databases, major journals, and reference lists published in English since January 2001. Primary research studies evaluating sleep deprivation and shift duration were included. Studies that did not include the target population (shift workers) and those that formed conclusions related to extended-duty shifts greater than 30 hours were excluded. In addition, an extensive worldwide review of duty-hour recommendations from more than 300 health care organizations was conducted. Results A total of 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. Extended-duty shifts (those greater than 12 hours) increased the risk for cognitive and physical functional errors, safety concerns, and decreased quality of life from sleep deprivation. Cognitive function errors included attention lapses, visual tracking errors, decreased mentation and immediate recall, and decreased learning capacity. Physical errors included decreased motor skills and slowed reaction times in clinical simulations. These deficits led to an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, needle sticks, and performance equivalent to unsafe blood alcohol concentrations. An overall decrease in quality of life and job satisfaction was linked to extended-duty shifts. Seven organizations for medical residents or advanced practice nurses have developed policy statements on duty shifts, with extended-duty shift limitations between 12 and 24 hours. Discussion The risks associated with extended-duty shifts may inhibit the development of SNMs/SMs into competent practitioners and place patients at risk. It is recommended that midwifery education programs adopt evidence-based limitations for the duty shifts of SNMs/SMs.
The integral quantum hall effect: Shortcomings of conventional localization theory

Abstract The localization problem in strong magnetic fields, if forced into the mold of conventional perturbation theory, leads to fundamental difficulties. These difficulties already appear on the level of mean field theory.
Glutamate receptors: variation in structure–function coupling

Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS relies almost entirely on the neurotransmitter glutamate and its family of ion channel receptors. An appreciation of the coupling between agonist binding and channel opening has advanced rapidly during the past five years, largely as a result of new structural information about the agonist-binding site. Recent studies suggest that despite many structural similarities different family members use different mechanisms to translate agonist binding into channel opening.
Targeting Breast Cancer with CDK Inhibitors

Dysregulation of the cell cycle is a classic hallmark of cancer growth and metastatic potential. Re-establishing cell cycle control through CDK inhibition has emerged as an attractive option in the development of targeted cancer therapy. Three oral agents selectively targeting CDK4/6 have been developed: palbociclib, abemaciclib, and LEE011. Preclinical models show optimal activity in hormone receptor positive breast cancer, which may display biologic features suggesting particular dependence on the CDK4/cyclin D1/Rb interaction. Palbociclib has been studied in a randomized phase 2 clinical trial in metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer in which the combination of palbociclib and endocrine therapy significantly prolonged progression-free survival over endocrine therapy alone. The toxicity profile of palbociclib and the other CDK 4/6 inhibitors in early phase I and II trials has been predominantly hematologic, characterized by limited neutropenia, as well as variable gastrointestinal toxicity. Multiple phase II and III studies are ongoing with all three agents, and are designed to explore the role of CDK 4/6 inhibition in metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer. The next wave of studies will examine further clinical and scientific topics, including the role of CDK 4/6 inhibition in the neo/adjuvant setting, the combination of CDK 4/6 inhibitors with other targeted therapies, and the activity of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in the HER2 positive subset of breast cancer, as well as in other cancer subtypes. Should ongoing study confirm benefits and tolerability of CDK 4/6 inhibition, combination therapy with endocrine agents may become a new standard of care for hormone receptor positive breast cancer.
Managers, mobility, and morale

Management has long accepted relocation as a part of career development planning and for meeting manpower needs at specific company sites. But how do the transferred executives feel?