cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and computational studies of Cp(CO)2(PCy3)MoFBF3, a complex with a bound BF4- ligand

Hydride transfer from Cp(CO) 2 (PCy 3 )MoH to Ph 3 C + BF 4 - gives Cp(CO) 2 (PCy 3 )MoFBF 3 , and the crystal structure of this complex was determined. In the weakly bound FBF 3 ligand, the B–F(bridging) bond length is 1.475(8) A, which is 0.15 A longer than the average length of the three B–F(terminal) bonds. The PCy 3 and FBF 3 ligands are cis to each other in the four-legged piano stool structure. Electronic structure (DFT) calculations predict the trans isomer of Cp(CO) 2 (PCy 3 )MoFBF 3 to be 9.5 kcal/mol (in Δ G g, 298 ∘ ) less stable than the cis isomer that was crystallographically characterized. Hydride transfer from Cp(CO) 2 (PCy 3 )MoH to Ph 3 C + BAr 4 ′ - [ Ar ′ = 3 , 5 - bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ] in CH 2 Cl 2 solvent produces [ Cp ( CO ) 2 ( PCy 3 ) Mo ( ClCH 2 Cl ) ] + [ BAr 4 ′ ] - , in which CH 2 Cl 2 is coordinated to the metal.
Aminohexanoic hydroxamate is a potent inducer of the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells

Deoxyhypusine synthase is the key enzyme for modifying a lysine residue to hypusine in the cellular protein eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A). Deletion of the deoxyhypusine synthase or the eIF-5A gene in yeast produces lethal phenotype. Inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase by 1-guanidino-7-aminoheptane (GC7) suppresses tumor cell growth. Hypusine formation represents one of the most specific polyamine-dependent biochemical reactions. In view of the importance of polyamines in growth regulation and cancer biology, deoxyhypusine synthase has been considered to be a good target for chemotherapeutic drug design. Using GC7 as a prototype we have synthesized and tested three classes of diamine analogs, namely, guanidino-, pyrimidino-, and hydroxamate derivatives, as potential inhibitors for deoxyhypusine synthase. Our study shows that (i) among all the compounds tested, GC7 remained to be the most potent inhibitor for deoxyhypusine synthase; (ii) N,N'-bispyrimidino-1, 9-diaminononane, although a poor inhibitor of deoxyhypusine synthase, was a potent growth inhibitor; and (iii) one of the hydroxamate derivatives, 6-aminohexanoic hydroxamate (HC6), prominently induced the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells at sub-millimolar concentrations. Interestingly, other hydroxamates with different chain length were not nearly as effective as HC6 in inducing neuroblastoma cell differentiation. The effect of HC6 was also unique in that it could induce neurite outgrowth and the expression of neuron-specific genes such as synapsin I and MAP-2 in neuroblastoma cells in the absence of other promoting agents such as cAMP. The effect of HC6 on neuroblastoma cell differentiation was comparable with, or better than that of N(6),O(2)'-dibutyryl cAMP (Bt(2)cAMP), a standard reagent commonly used for inducing the differentiation of mouse and human neuroblastoma cells in culture.
Canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in Fresno and Madera Counties, California: prevalence differences between foothill and valley habitats.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of heartworm in domestic dogs in Madera and Fresno Counties, California, dependent on habitat and other host and environmental factors. Dogs were screened for presence of heartworm antigen using the PetChek® ELISA on blood samples (N = 519) collected at seven sites during April-July 2009. Eighteen dogs were heartworm antigen positive. Pearson Chi-square analyses were conducted testing the presence of heartworm antigen against the following independent variables: elevation range, percentage of time spent outdoors during the day, percentage of time spent outdoors during the night, pet coat length, weight class, prevention status, and sex. Dogs that spent at least 50% of their time outdoors during the day were significantly more likely to have heartworm that those who spent less time outside (N = 519, df = 1, p = 0.031). Overall prevalence (3.47%) was lower than expected, with Madera County having 3.8% positive samples and Fresno County 3.5%; this prevalence is lower than in many previous studies. The effect of time spent outdoors on heartworm prevalence was similar to previous studies. The impact of elevation on infection, though not significant, requires further investigation, as does the prevalence and viability of larval stages in mosquitoes.
A diverse epigenetic landscape at human exons with implication for expression

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker associated with gene expression regulation in eukaryotes. While promoter methylation is relatively well characterized, the role of intragenic DNA methylation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship of DNA methylation at exons and flanking introns with gene expression and histone modifications generated from a human fibroblast cell-line and primary B cells. Consistent with previous work we found that intragenic methylation is positively correlated with gene expression and that exons are more highly methylated than their neighboring intronic environment. Intriguingly, in this study we identified a unique subset of hypomethylated exons that demonstrate significantly lower methylation levels than their surrounding introns. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between exon methylation and the density of the majority of histone modifications. Specifically, we demonstrate that hypo-methylated exons at highly expressed genes are associated with open chromatin and have a characteristic histone code comprised of significantly high levels of histone markings. Overall, our comprehensive analysis of the human exome supports the presence of regulatory hypomethylated exons in protein coding genes. In particular our results reveal a previously unrecognized diverse and complex role of the epigenetic landscape within the gene body.
How perinatologists manage the problem of the presenting breech

A questionnaire regarding controversies in management of the breech presentation was answered by 405 maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists. Legal concerns strongly influenced clinical management in 63% of respondents. External cephalic version was considered both safe and effective in 90 and 83% of respondents, respectively. Three-quarters of those who responded usually allow a trial of labor in selected term frank breech presentations. Of the respondent subset, 43% usually augment hypotonic contractions with oxytocin. Only 57% agreed there was sufficient literature to favor cesarean section for the 28 to 31 weeks breech presentation, and only 43% so agreed for the 32 to 34 week frank breech. Nevertheless, in these situations, 94 and 83%, respectively, actually perform cesarean section in clinical practice. More than 75% agreed that a prospective study is needed to determine the correct delivery mode of the preterm breech. Ninety-two percent agreed that such data could change their current opinion regarding delivery management. Implications are discussed.
Digestion of amidinated and phenylglyoxal treated fibrinogen by plasmin.

Abstract Human fibrinogen with the lysyl and/or arginyl residues modified by treatment with ethyl acetimidate hydrochloride and phenylglyoxal monohydrate, respectively, was incubated with plasmin. Both chemical modifications delayed the appearance of components Y, D and E while component X was not affected.
Normal Variations and Benign Findings in Pediatric 18F-FDG-PET/CT

(18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT have a wide variety of indications in children and young adults. Oncologic indications are the most common, but others include neurology, sports medicine, cardiology, and infection imaging. Accurate interpretation of pediatric (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT requires a technically adequate study and knowledgeable interpretation of the images. A successful pediatric (18)F-FDG PET requires age-appropriate patient preparation and consideration of patient age and developmental stage. Accurate interpretation of the study requires familiarity with normal patterns of physiologic (18)F-FDG uptake in children at all stages of development.
Extrapancreatic malignancies and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.

Over the last two decades multiple studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of additional malignancies in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Additional malignancies have been identified in 10%-52% of patients with IPMNs. The majority of these additional cancers occur before or concurrent with the diagnosis of IPMN. The gastrointestinal tract is most commonly involved in secondary malignancies, with benign colon polyps and colon cancer commonly seen in western countries and gastric cancer commonly seen in Asian countries. Other extrapancreatic malignancies associated with IPMNs include benign and malignant esophageal neoplasms, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, carcinoid tumors, hepatobiliary cancers, breast cancers, prostate cancers, and lung cancers. There is no clear etiology for the development of secondary malignancies in patients with IPMN. Although population-based studies have shown different results from single institution studies regarding the exact incidence of additional primary cancers in IPMN patients, both have reached the same conclusion: there is a higher incidence of extrapancreatic malignancies in patients with IPMNs than in the general population. This finding has significant clinical implications for both the initial evaluation and the subsequent long-term follow-up of patients with IPMNs. If a patient has not had recent colonoscopy, this should be performed during the evaluation of a newly diagnosed IPMN. Upper endoscopy should be performed in patients from Asian countries or for those who present with symptoms suggestive of upper gastrointestinal disease. Routine screening studies (breast and prostate) should be carried out as currently recommended for patient’s age both before and after the diagnosis of IPMN.
Effect of calcium entry and β blockade during infrarenal aortic clamping

Abstract Clamping and declamping during aortic surgery produce a hemodynamically significant myocardial stress. The cardiovascular (CV) response to this stress may be adversely altered by calcium antagonists and β-adreno-receptor blockade employed to control symptomatic coronary artery disease. This study evaluated the effect of verapamil (V), propranolol (P), and their combination (P + V) on the CV response to infrarenal abdominal aortic cross-clamping and declamping in anesthetized dogs. Six dogs received P as a bolus of 0.5 mg/kg 20 min before clamping. Six additional dogs received V as a 300 μg/kg bolus followed by a V infusion of 6 μg/kg/min for 20 min before clamping. A third group of six dogs received the P bolus followed 20 min later by the V regimen (P + V). In both the V and P + V groups, 6 μg/kg/min V was infused throughout the clamping and declamping sequence. A fourth group of six control dogs received no cardioactive drugs during the experiment. Heart rate, mean aortic blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance were measured in all animals before aortic cross-clamping, at 5 and 40 min after clamping, and 5 min after declamping. The results demonstrated additive negative chronotropic and inotropic properties of P + V therapy with a more significantly adverse effect than that of either drug alone. The implications of this study warrant added caution when patients treated with these drugs undergo abdominal aortic surgery.
A novel low-temperature dendritic cyclotrimerization of 2,6-diacetyl pyridine leading to mesoporous carbon containing pyridine rings

Abstract A simple, direct synthesis of a mesoporous carbon containing pyridine rings is described. This synthesis utilizes the SiCl 4 induced cyclotrimerization of 2,6-diacetylpyridine to make a dendritic polymer, built of alternating benzene and pyridine rings. The cyclotrimerization allows for a high degree of crosslinking to take place at low temperatures stabilizing the mesostructure and allowing the carbonization to be carried out at only 600 °C, the lowest temperature reported to date for an N-doped mesoporous carbon. The functional mesoporous carbon so formed was found to have a surface area of 1275 m 2 /g, 35 A pores, and contain 6.8% N. XPS reveals two N-containing species, with the predominant species being pyridine N.
Myo-inositol monophosphatase: diverse effects of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate.

The therapeutic molecular sites of action for the mood-stabilizing medications are unknown. Myo-inositol monophosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.25) is a major enzyme of the inositol signaling system that has previously been shown to be inhibited by clinically relevant concentrations of lithium, implicating this enzyme as a potential therapeutic site of action in manic-depressive disorder. Inhibition of myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), which converts myo-inositol monophosphates to myo-inositol, results in increased levels of myo-inositol monophosphates and decreased myo-inositol available for the resynthesis of inositol phospholipids. In addition to lithium, carbamazepine and valproate are also used medically to treat manic-depressive disorder. It is of considerable interest to determine whether inhibition of IMPase activity is a common unifying mechanism for mood-stabilizing medications. Using a partially purified myo-inositol monophosphatase preparation derived from bovine brain, we examined the effects of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate on the IMPase reaction. These results demonstrate that (1) lithium inhibited IMPase activity in the low millimolar range, (2) carbamazepine stimulated the IMPase reaction beginning in the low-micromolar range, and (3) valproate did not demonstrate any stimulation or inhibition of IMPase. We conclude that inhibition of IMPase is not a common neurochemical mechanism for mood-stabilizing medications.
Extraction of ergot alkaloids by Tetrahydrofuran and its mixtures

The results of a study of the extraction of ergot alkaloids from the crude drug by tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran-water azeotrope (4.3 per cent water), and tetrahydrofuran-water solution (50 per cent v/v) is presented. The preparation of a tetrahydrofuran-chloroform azeotrope is reported and its composition determined by index of refraction measurements. This azeotrope yielded the highest degree of alkaloidal extraction of any of the tetrahydrofuran mixtures employed. The selectivity of these solvent mixtures for color principles and emulsion-forming constituents of the crude drug is also discussed. All original extractions were carried out in the absence of alkalinity. Thus the ability of the solvents to extract the alkaloids as they occur naturally could be determined.
Can geographic routing scale when nodes are mobile

We begin by asking whether geographic routing can scale when nodes are mobile; that is, can the overhead involved in tracking node locations be accommodated within the transport capacity of large-scale mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)? We answer this question in the affirmative by proposing an efficient position publish protocol which fits within the transport capacity and a routing protocol that operates with imperfect information of the destination's location. The routing protocol guarantees, with high probability, routes whose lengths are within a constant “stretch” factor of the shortest path from source to destination. The key idea underlying the scalability of the publish protocol is for each potential destination node to send location updates (with frequency decaying with distance) only to a subset of network nodes, structured as annular regions around it (the natural approach of updating circular regions in distance-dependent fashion does not scale). The routing protocol must then account for the fact that the source and/or relay nodes may not have estimates of the destination's location (or may have stale estimates). Spatial and temporal scaling of protocol parameters are chosen so as to guarantee scalability, route reliability and route stretch.
The posterior pedicle inferior turbinate flap: a new vascularized flap for skull base reconstruction.

Background: Expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) for the resection of lesions of the anterior and ventral skull base can create large defects with a significant risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks or exposure of the internal carotid artery. In these cases, a reconstruction using a vascularized flap facilitates rapid and complete healing of the defect. The Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap (HBF), a posterior pedicle nasoseptal flap, is our preferred reconstructive option; however, a prior posterior septectomy or prior wide sphenoidotomies preclude its use. We have developed two additional pedicled flaps to reconstruct these selected patients: the transpterygoid temporoparietal fascia flap, which is suitable for large defects, and the posterior pedicle inferior turbinate flap (PPITF), the subject of this paper. Methods: We developed a flap comprising the inferior turbinate mucoperiosteum pedicled on the inferior turbinate artery, a terminal branch of the posterior lateral nasal artery, which arises from the sphenopalatine artery. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of four patients who underwent a skull base reconstruction using a PPITF. Results: Four patients underwent a reconstruction with the PPITF after undergoing an EEA that produced a skull base defect associated with a CSF fistula (n = 2), an exposed internal carotid artery (n = 1), or a basilar aneurysm clip (n = 1). All patients had undergone posterior septectomies as part of previous EEAs. All flaps healed uneventfully and covered the entire defect. Conclusion: The PPITF is a viable reconstructive option for patients with skull base defects of a limited size defect and in whom the HBF is not available.
Neoinfundibulotomy for the management of symptomatic caliceal diverticula.

Purpose: Direct percutaneous access provides effective treatment for complex caliceal diverticula. Yet, access into the diverticulum alone is usually tenuous and passage of a guide wire across a stenotic infundibulum is often impossible. An alternative technique is described which creates a “neoinfundibulum” to assist in the management of symptomatic caliceal diverticula.Materials and Methods: During a 6-year period 22 patients with symptomatic caliceal diverticula were treated via a percutaneous approach, of whom 21 had calculi within the diverticula. After accessing the diverticulum directly, it was impossible to pass a guide wire through the stenotic infundibulum in 18 (82%) patients, prompting advancement of the access needle through the diverticular wall into the renal pelvis. Once secure access was established, balloon dilation was performed to 30Fr to create the “neoinfundibulum.” Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy was performed in the usual fashion. A 22Fr Councill catheter was placed to keep the...
Immunoglobulins and complement in the skin of rhesus monkeys immunized with x-irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum

Skin sections of rhesus monkeys immunized with X-irradiatedSchistosoma japonicum cercariae were stained by an unlabeled antibody enzyme method for the detection of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and C3. While all of them could be found in the skin lesions, their distribution patterns varied with time and reactions. In whealing reaginic reactions, IgE appeared prominent, having an affinity to the mast cells. In Arthus-like reactions, IgG was predominant. IgG complexes were found on the schistosomula, on the walls of blood vessels, and in granulocytes near the schistosomula. In the late stage of Arthus-like reactions and in delayed hypersensitive reactions, IgA was predominant in granulocytes, mononuclear cells, and macrophages. Characteristics of each immunoglobulin pattern seemed to reflect its function in the effector mechanism. It may be speculated that these immunoglobulins and C3, together with effector cells, synergistically and sequentially destroy schistosomula in the skin.
The development of radiation embrittlement models for US power reactor pressure vessel steels

Abstract A new approach of utilizing information fusion technique is developed to predict the radiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels. The Charpy transition temperature shift data contained in the Power Reactor Embrittlement Database is used in this study. Six parameters-Cu, Ni, P, neutron fluence, irradiation time, and irradiation temperature – are used in the embrittlement prediction models. The results indicate that this new embrittlement predictor achieved reductions of about 49.5% and 52% in the uncertainties for plate and weld data, respectively, for pressurized water reactor and boiling water reactor data, compared with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.99, Rev. 2. The implications of dose-rate effect and irradiation temperature effects for the development of radiation embrittlement models are also discussed.
Epistemic Actions in Science Education

Epistemic actions are actions in the physical environment taken with the intent of gathering information or facilitating cognition. As students and geologists explain how they integrated observations from artificial rock outcrops to select the best model of a three-dimensional geological structure, they occasionally take the following actions, which we interpret as epistemic: remove rejected models from the field of view, juxtapose two candidate models, juxtapose and align a candidate model with their sketch map, rotate a candidate model into alignment with the full scale geological structure, and reorder their field notes from a sentential order into a spatial configuration. Our study differs from prior work on epistemic actions in that our participants manipulate spatial representations (models, sketches, maps), rather than non-representational objects. When epistemic actions are applied to representations, the actions can exploit the dual nature of representations by manipulating the physical aspect to enhance the representational aspect.
MICROVESSEL MECHANOBIOLOGY IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: CAUSE AND EFFECT

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, or group 1 pulmonary hypertension) is a progressive, insidious, and fatal illness of the pulmonary microvasculature. Proliferative remodeling of the small resistance arteries results in an elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and total pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), increasing the workload on the right ventricle (RV) until it eventually fails.1 Although these hemodynamic parameters are useful for clinical diagnosis, alone they have limited prognostic value; furthermore, vasodilator therapy aimed at reduction of PVR has achieved only modest success, and increases in patient survival are attributed primarily to earlier diagnosis and intervention.2 These limitations have motivated research focused on identifying measurable physiological parameters that could both predict mortality and serve as measures for therapeutic efficacy. Decreased pulmonary arteriolar compliance (PAC) is a major factor contributing to the increased RV workload and failure in PAH.3–5 PAC measures a vessel’s ability to deform under loading, and as a blood vessel stiffens its compliance decreases. Total vessel compliance is estimated as stroke volume divided by pulse pressure (PP). This estimation alone is a strong predictor of survival in idiopathic and familial PAH.5 Although proximal artery stiffness has received a great deal of attention in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and is important in increasing RV workload, changes in PAC affect the entire pulmonary vasculature with the largest portion of that change occurring in vessels distal to the lung hilum.6 Understanding how vascular remodeling changes PAC, especially in the distal vasculature where much of our knowledge on vessel mechanics is currently lacking, will allow us to link the cellular and molecular mediators commonly studied in PAH with the biomechanical changes that cause elevated pressures and RV failure. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts decrease PAC by altering the composition, amount, and organization …
RNA-binding proteins to assess gene expression states of co-cultivated cells in response to tumor cells

Tumors and complex tissues consist of mixtures of communicating cells that differ significantly in their gene expression status. In order to understand how different cell types influence one another's gene expression, it will be necessary to monitor the mRNA profiles of each cell type independently and to dissect the mechanisms that regulate their gene expression outcomes. In order to approach these questions, we have used RNA-binding proteins such as ELAV/Hu, poly (A) binding protein (PABP) and cap-binding protein (eIF-4E) as reporters of gene expression. Here we demonstrate that the epitope-tagged RNA binding protein, PABP, expressed separately in tumor cells and endothelial cells can be used to discriminate their respective mRNA targets from mixtures of these cells without significant mRNA reassortment or exchange. Moreover, using this approach we identify a set of endothelial genes that respond to the presence of co-cultured breast tumor cells. RNA-binding proteins can be used as reporters to elucidate components of operational mRNA networks and operons involved in regulating cell-type specific gene expression in tissues and tumors.
CD52 as both a marker and an effector molecule of T cells with regulatory action: Identification of novel regulatory T cells.

Regulation of immune responses is central to an effective clearance of pathogens. An effective immune response is also necessary for preventing the development of cancer and autoimmune diseases and for maintaining homeostasis. Although the thymus is the central lymphoid organ that regulates immune responses for self-tolerance during the maturation of T cells, regulatory immune cells are still required for the proper functioning of mature immune cells in the periphery. Regulatory cells are a subpopulation of immune cells that suppress proliferation and cytokine production by other immune cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Although cells with regulatory functions have been identified in almost all of the major immune cell populations, regulatory T cells are still the dominant and most intensely studied type. Several types of regulatory T cells have been identified, including CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), which are also positive for Foxp3, the master regulator of Treg development.1
L-shell spectroscopic diagnostics of imploding wire array plasmas

Intriguing time-gated, radially resolved L-shell line emission profiles have been observed from recent Cu/Ni wire array implosions on Sandia's Z facility. The well resolved measurements exhibit lineshapes that appear as hollow, asymmetric ovals whose variations in the intensity, spatial, and (Doppler-shifted) wavelength dimensions yield information on plasma densities, temperatures, gradients, dimensions, and velocities. We present an analysis of the measured L-shell emission using the accurate and flexible hybrid-structure collisional-radiative atomic model SCRAM and compare the diagnosed plasma conditions and modeled spectra with predictions and post-processed emission from the three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics code GORGON.
Vocal Emotion Recognition with Cochlear Implants

Besides conveying linguistic information, spoken language can also transmit important cues regarding the emotion of a talker. These prosodic cues are most strongly coded by changes in amplitude, pitch, speech rate, voice quality and articulation. The present study investigated the ability of cochlear implant (CI) users to recognize vocal emotions, as well as the relative contributions of spectral and temporal cues to vocal emotion recognition. An English sentence database was recorded for the experiment; each test sentence was produced according to five target emotions. Vocal emotion recognition was tested in 6 CI and 6 normal-hearing (NH) subjects. With unprocessed speech, NH listeners’ mean vocal emotion recognition performance was 90 % correct, while CI users’ mean performance was only 45 % correct. Vocal emotion recognition was also measured in NH subjects while listening to acoustic, sine-wave vocoder CI simulations. To test the contribution of spectral cues to vocal emotion recognition, 1-, 2-, 4-, 8and 16-channel CI processors were simulated; to test the contribution of temporal cues, the temporal envelope filter cutoff frequency in each channel was either 50 or 500 Hz. Results showed that both spectral and temporal cues significantly contributed to performance. With the 50-Hz envelope filter, performance generally improved as the number of spectral channels was increased. With the 500-Hz envelope filter, performance significantly improved only when the spectral resolution was increased from 1 to 2, and then from 2 to 16 channels. For all but the 16-channel simulations, increasing the envelope filter cutoff frequency from 50 Hz to 500 Hz significantly improved performance. CI users’ vocal emotion recognition performance was statistically similar to that of NH subjects listening to 1 - 8 spectral channels with the 50-Hz envelope filter, and to 1 channel with the 500-Hz envelope filter. The results suggest that, while spectral cues may contribute more strongly to recognition of linguistic information, temporal cues may contribute more strongly to recognition of emotional content coded in spoken language. Index Terms: vocal emotion recognition, cochlear implant.
Modification of the near wake behind a finite-span cylinder by a single synthetic jet

Modification to the flow field about a finite-span cylinder of low-aspect ratio (AR = 3) by a single synthetic jet, mounted normal to the cylinder axis, was studied experimentally using surface-mounted pressure taps, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV), and constant-temperature anemometry. The synthetic jet altered the circulation about the cylinder and created a large spanwise change to the surface pressure, much greater than the dimensions of its orifice. SPIV measurements in the near wake showed that the synthetic jet enhances mixing of the downwash from the cylinder free end with the wake deficit, vectoring and narrowing the wake. The synthetic jet penetrates through the streamwise vorticity, enhancing mixing within the wake and reducing the power associated with the shedding frequency, St = 0.155, except below the vortex dislocation, where the shedding frequency was increased to that corresponding to a quasi-two-dimensional cylinder, St = 0.22.
Pulmonary symptoms and diagnoses are associated with HIV in the MACS and WIHS cohorts

Several lung diseases are increasingly recognized as comorbidities with HIV; however, few data exist related to the spectrum of respiratory symptoms, diagnostic testing, and diagnoses in the current HIV era. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of HIV on prevalence and incidence of respiratory disease in the current era of effective antiretroviral treatment. A pulmonary-specific questionnaire was administered yearly for three years to participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Adjusted prevalence ratios for respiratory symptoms, testing, or diagnoses and adjusted incidence rate ratios for diagnoses in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected participants were determined. Risk factors for outcomes in HIV-infected individuals were modeled. Baseline pulmonary questionnaires were completed by 907 HIV-infected and 989 HIV-uninfected participants in the MACS cohort and by 1405 HIV-infected and 571 HIV-uninfected participants in the WIHS cohort. In MACS, dyspnea, cough, wheezing, sleep apnea, and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were more common in HIV-infected participants. In WIHS, wheezing and sleep apnea were more common in HIV-infected participants. Smoking (MACS and WIHS) and greater body mass index (WIHS) were associated with more respiratory symptoms and diagnoses. While sputum studies, bronchoscopies, and chest computed tomography scans were more likely to be performed in HIV-infected participants, pulmonary function tests were no more common in HIV-infected individuals. Respiratory symptoms in HIV-infected individuals were associated with history of pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, or use of HAART. A diagnosis of asthma or COPD was associated with previous pneumonia. In these two cohorts, HIV is an independent risk factor for several respiratory symptoms and pulmonary diseases including COPD and sleep apnea. Despite a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, testing for non-infectious respiratory diseases may be underutilized in the HIV-infected population.
Finding point correspondences and determining motion of a rigid object from two weak perspective views

The authors present a method which reduces an n-point problem to a set of four-point problems. The effort of reduction takes O(n) steps and it also takes O(n) steps to construct all possible mappings of an n-point set from the solution to a four-problem. Other results include (1) coplanarity condition of four points in two views, (2) recovering the tilt direction of the rotational axis using four points in two views, and (3) recovering the scaling factor. >
An outsider’s ethnographic thoughts about design:

This article gives Michael Agar's email responses to two questions put by Gavin Melles: ''What are your thoughts on the advantages and dangers of developments in applied anthropology for ethnographic and anthropology practice?'' and ''What are your impressions of the potential and actual use of ethnography in design?'' The responses open further questions regarding the assumptions involved in the methodology and application of design research, and the scope of ''design'' as a dynamic category extend- ing beyond the production of objects for end-users to making change in social and environmental systems.
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons and orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons: similarities and differences.

Two of the biggest health problems facing us today are addiction to nicotine and the increased prevalence of obesity. Interestingly, nicotine attenuates obesity, but the underlying mechanism is not...
Season of the year influences concentration and pattern of gonadotropins and testosterone in circulation of the bovine male.

Serum concentrations of LH vary with season of the year in ovariectomized beef and dairy cows. The objective of the present study was to determine whether concentrations and profile of the gonadotropins and testosterone (T) in circulation vary with season of year in bovine males of a composite breed type (beef). Five INTACT and five gonadectomized (GNX) males that were 22 mo of age at the initiation of the study were used. All of the males utilized were maintained on pasture throughout the year at the latitude of 41 0 N. Blood samples were collected in a serial regimen (10-min intervals for 24 h) at the spring and fall equinox and the summer and winter solstice. Concentrations of LH were quantified in all samples, and concentrations of T were determined in all samples of the INTACT group. Concentrations of FSH and 17[-estradiol (E 2 ) were quantified in pooled samples for all animals, while concentrations of T were determined in pooled samples for males from the GNX group. Pulse frequency of LH or T and mean concentration of FSH did not vary with season of the year. A seasonal effect on mean concentration of LH (p < 0.01) occurred in males of the GNX group, with mean concentrations of LH being greatest during the spring equinox and lowest during the winter solstice. Season had an effect on pulse amplitude of LH (p < 0.01), mean concentration of T (p < 0.01), and pulse amplitude of T (p < 0.05) in males from the INTACT group. Pulse amplitude of LH was greatest at the spring equinox in INTACT males, while the greatest mean concentration and pulse amplitude of T occurred at the summer solstice in INTACT males. Scrotal circumference tended to vary (p = 0.06) with season in INTACT males and followed the same pattern as T. In summary, the profile of LH and T in circulation varies with season of the year in the bovine male.
Reply to: Rahmstorf, S. and Vermeer, M., 2011. Discussion of: Houston, J.R. and Dean, R.G., 2011. Sea-Level Acceleration Based on U.S. Tide Gauges and Extensions of Previous Global-Gauge Analyses. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 409–417

Donoghue and Parkinson present three concerns regarding our article: (1) the temporal and geographic limitations of the tide-gauge data, (2) the inadequacy of tide-gauge data to represent future conditions, and (3) ice-sheet meltwater volume. Before responding to each of these issues, we note that our emphasis was to accurately characterize U.S. and global tidegauge recordings during the 20th century, rather than to either project into the future or to speculate as to the causes.
Computer-Aided Grading of Neuroblastic Differentiation: Multi-Resolution and Multi-Classifier Approach

In this paper, the development of a computer-aided system for the classification of grade of neuroblastic differentiation is presented. This automated process is carried out within a multi-resolution framework that follows a coarse-to-fine strategy. Additionally, a novel segmentation approach using the Fisher-Rao criterion, embedded in the generic expectation-maximization algorithm, is employed. Multiple decisions from a classifier group are aggregated using a two-step classifier combiner that consists of a majority voting process and a weighted sum rule using priori classifier accuracies. The developed system, when tested on 14,616 image tiles, had the best overall accuracy of 96.89%. Furthermore, multi-resolution scheme combined with automated feature selection process resulted in 34% savings in computational costs on average when compared to a previously developed single-resolution system. Therefore, the performance of this system shows good promise for the computer-aided pathological assessment of the neuroblastic differentiation in clinical practice.
Changes in the Salinity and Porosity of Sea-Ice Samples During Shipping and Storage

A theoreti cal examination of salinity and porosity changes introduced in sea-ice samples by brine expulsion and gas entrapment caused by thermal cycling during shipping and storage shows that in extreme cases such effects can be significant, resulting in 15 % reductions in porosity (1/). More representative scenarios give porosity changes of less than 2% which, assuming that ice-property variations scale with n 1 / 2 , result in property variations of less than 1%.
In memory of Bob Rau

This talk will follow the career of Bob Rau through over 25 years of dedicated and creative contribution in the fields of computer architecture, compilers, and automated computer design. It is very sad that the life of a great talent and kind person has reached a sudden and early demise. But, it would be Bob’s wishes that this commemorative should focus on positive and constructive lessons that can be observed from his life. This talk is about optimism. Creative talent and hard work were two great tools that Bob used throughout his career but optimism and vision really raised Bob’s ability to the next level. Without his foresight and ability to pursue a steady course through difficult times, many of his successes would have never been achieved. This talk is about technological research. Bob’s chosen fields of study evolved out of a deep enthusiasm and curiosity for computer architecture. Computing was his passion and his playground. He pursued it to satisfy both professional and recreational needs. Bob was a scholar who lived and promoted the scientific research process. Bob understood the importance of studying prior work and he understood the importance of putting new research in proper perspective within a history of prior work. For many years, the MICRO conference was very close to the center of much of Bob’s enthusiasm. He deeply appreciated and contributed to the style of computer architecture that MICRO sponsored. MICRO provided a balance of forward-looking innovation and scientific method that helped to satisfy his curiosity about the future of computing. Bob was a leader whose efforts influenced many people and organizations. Decades of technical leadership cultivated a deep respect among a large community of people who understood what he had already accomplished and what he might again accomplish in the future. This talk will provide an overview of a career of technical contribution and explain how talent, hard work, vision, and optimism can combine to provide broad and visible impact on a large community of research and product engineers.
Dynamic Pricing and Inventory Policies: A Strategic Analysis of Dual Channel Supply Chain Design

This paper presents a continuous time optimization model for a dynamic pricing and inventory control problem in a dual-channel supply chain system. We consider a manufacturer's redesign of traditional channel structures, based on customer behaviors, by engaging in direct Internet sales. While the manufacturer and its retailer set optimal pricing and inventory policies dynamically, this study considers both vertical integration and competition of two channels. For the former case, a continuous time optimal control problem is modeled, while for the latter a differential quasi-variational inequality (DQVI) formulation is applied to solve as a Cournot-Nash-Bertrand game. We provide implications for optimal strategies and note the effect of a customer acceptance index. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
Immunomarking Reveals Food Flow and Feeding Relationships in the Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)

Trophallaxis and feeding relationships in the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), were examined using a novel marking technique, rabbit IgG protein coupled with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the marker. Transfer experiments in small dishes evaluated the trophallactic transfer of the marker from donor workers fed IgG-treated paper to recipient workers or larvae. Worker donors rapidly acquired the marker, and 100% of donors tested positive within 24 h. Trophallactic transfer from donors to recipients was relatively inefficient, and 51 ± 2% of recipient workers and 31 ± 2% of recipient larvae tested positive at 72 h. Based on the mean optical density counts, ≈27% of marker ingested by the donors was passed on to the recipient workers in the first 24 h, 14% to recipient larvae, and 26% to recipient soldiers. The ability of soldiers to feed independently of workers was examined in dish assays. Soldiers showed no significant uptake of the marker when isolated from the workers, and uptake increased significantly when workers were present. The distribution of the marker was further studied in larger colony fragments composed of workers, soldiers, nymphs, and larvae. Marker acquisition by the different castes/developmental stages was highly variable, with workers and nymphs acquiring the marker at a faster rate than soldiers and larvae. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the foraging ecology and social behavior in R. flavipes. In addition, they may help design improved control programs for subterranean termites based on baits.
Heuristic Search for Tactical Runway Configuration Management

Tactical Runway Con guration Management (TRCM) plans runway con guration (groups of runways) usage over a pre-speci ed time interval (less than ve hours) to minimize arrival and departure delays while taking into account constraints including ight patterns, taxi plans, aircraft, weather, and airport usage. Previous e orts focused on an exhaustive recursive search to test each runway con guration and determine the best possible management scheme. Here, a collection of heuristic search procedures are compared to a recursive search with respect to solution quality and computational time. The speed with which a high quality management scheme is found for a metroplex (a collection of airports) is critical. The TRCM must be evaluated several times during the day and the optimization routines must run e ciently in order to provide timely information to air tra c managers. An additional di culty is that TRCM decision procedures are not uniform across airports. However, the fundamental goal remains the same for every airport: to select an airport conguration to maximize overall e ciency of the runways, airport surfaces, terminal airspace, and interaction of the airport with the National Airspace System. Di erences between airports arise in the way runway con guration decisions are made, airport surfaces are used, and terminal airspace is managed changes between airports. Despite these di erences, a Tactical Runway Con guration Management optimization routine must be applicable to any airport (or metroplex) with limited adjustments. Test cases based on data from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City are provided. We report the bene ts of using heuristic search procedures over an exhaustive recursive search.
UCN-01-mediated G1 arrest in normal but not tumor breast cells is pRb-dependent and p53-independent

In this study we investigated the growth inhibitory effects of UCN-01 in several normal and tumor-derived human breast epithelial cells. We found that while normal mammary epithelial cells w were very sensitive to UCN-01 with an IC(50) of 10nM tumor cells displayed little to no inhibition of growth with any measurable IC(50) at low UCN-01 concentrations (i.e. 0-80 nM). The UCN-01 treated normal cells arrested in G1 phase and displayed decreased expression of most key cell cycle regulators examined, resulting in inhibition of CDK2 activity due to increased binding of p27 to CDK2. Tumor cells on the other hand displayed no change in any cell cycle distribution or expression of cell cycle regulators. Examination of E6- and E7-derived strains of normal cells revealed that pRb and not p53 function is essential for UCN-01-mediated G1 arrest. Lastly, treatment of normal and tumor cells with high doses of UCN-01 (i.e. 300 nM) revealed a necessary role for a functional G1 checkpoint in mediating growth arrest. Normal cells, which have a functional G1 checkpoint, always arrest in G1 even at very high concentrations of UCN-01. Tumor cells on the other hand have a defective G1 checkpoint and only arrest in S phase with high concentrations of UCN-01. The effect of UCN-01 on the cell cycle is thus quite different from staurosporine, a structural analogue of UCN-01, which arrests normal cells in both G1 and G2, while tumor cells arrest only in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Our results show the different sensitivity to UCN-01 of normal compared to tumor cells is dependent on a functional pRb and a regulated G1 checkpoint.
Genetic Differences among Five Populations of the Southern Pine Beetle

Six genes were studied electrophoretically in 5 populations of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis (Scolytidae). Males and females differed at the GOT and PGI loci in some populations, differences due perhaps to selection by differential viability in males and females. Significant genetic differences occurred between populations from Virginia and Texas, but not between either of these and a population from Georgia. Populations from Mexico and Arizona differed significantly from those sampled in Texas, Georgia, and Virginia. Eastern and western populations of D. frontalis have become genetically differentiated, with populations in Mexico and Arizona appreciably different from the others and from each other. The genetic evidence supports the idea that the disjunct Mexican and Arizonan populations of D. frontalis diverged from the main body of the species.
Tunable Pulse-Shaping with Gated Graphene Nanoribbons

We propose a pulse-shaper made of gated graphene nanoribbons. Simulations demonstrate tunable control over the shapes of transmitted and reflected pulses using the gating bias. Initial fabrication and characterization of graphene elements is also discussed