cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Paco2 on the Metabolism of Ischemic Brain in Squirrel Monkeys

Cerebral ATP, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations were measured bilaterally in 21 squirrel monkeys 2 hours after occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). All animals were mechanically hyperventilated beginning 30 minutes after MCA occlusion. Effects of addition of various concentrations of CO2 to inspired gases were studied in three groups (seven animals in each): 1) hypocapnic (Paco2 = 20 mm Hg); 2) normocapnic (Paco2 = 40 mm Hg); 3) hypercapnie (Paco2 = 60 mm Hg). Results in these animals were compared with those obtained in six monkeys breathing room air spontaneously during the 2-hour occlusion period (Paco2 ≈ 30 mm Hg). In the hypocapnie animals, cerebral ATP was significantly less and cerebral lactate significantly greater than corresponding values in the hypercapnie and spontancously breathing monkeys. We conclude that hypocapnia induced by mechanical hyperventilation does not improve, but rather aggravates, the cerebral metabolic effects of ischemia induced by MCA occlusion. Three possible mechanisms are suggested to explain the deleterious effects of hypocapnia: the effect of pH on glycolytic activity, the direct effect of CO2 on cerebral blood flow, and the systemic effects of hypocapnia and mechanical hyperventilation.
THE USE OF HISTORY IN FAMILY THERAPY: A BRIEF REJOINDER TO SLUZKI*

The use of history by psychodynamically oriented family therapists is often misunderstood. In place of a traditional “lifting of repression” paradigm, contemporary psychodynamic family clinicians emphasize intervening in the transmission of emotional patterning over generations in families. This model has both diagnostic and therapeutic utility for family therapists. While differences exist between this model and “systems” approaches, it is argued that integration of the two is both possible and desirable.
Phencyclidine supersensitivity in rats with neonatal dopamine loss

Rationale: Disruption in brain dopamine function early in life can lead to enhanced susceptibility to the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists in adulthood, suggesting that animals given neonatal 6-OHDA treatment might provide a model for the altered NMDA receptor function associated with human disease. Objective: The present study investigated whether neonatal dopamine lesions lead to supersensitivity to the stimulant effects of two NMDA antagonists, phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats, given dopamine or sham lesions on day 3 of life, were tested as adults for locomotor changes following treatment with NMDA antagonists. Results: Lesioned rats were more sensitive to the stimulant effects of PCP and ketamine than controls. Enhanced sensitivity to PCP emerged in the male lesioned animals following a brief priming regimen with a D1-dopamine receptor agonist. Sensitization was also induced by repeated treatments with PCP (5 mg/kg), given at weekly intervals across 4 weeks, with progressive increases in activity significantly enhanced in the lesioned animals. Sensitization to PCP was still evident 3 weeks following chronic PCP treatment. The high rates of PCP-induced locomotion in the lesioned animals were not attenuated by pretreatment with a dopamine antagonist selective for the D1-dopamine receptor site (SCH-23390, 0.3 mg/kg) or with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg), in comparison to controls. Olanzapine (5 mg/kg), an atypical antipsychotic, significantly reduced the response to PCP (5 mg/kg) in lesioned and control animals. Conclusions: This work confirms that rats with neonatal dopamine loss show enhanced sensitivity to NMDA antagonists, and may provide an animal model for the altered NMDA receptor function observed in human clinical syndromes.
The reproductive cycle of the crab-eating macaque ( Macaca fascicularis )

Characteristic changes in the menstrual cycle of the crab-eating macaque were evaluated. Cyclical changes in type and abundance of exfoliated cells in vaginal smears as well as the ferning pattern of cervical mucus were observed. These indices were useful in predicting approximate ovulation time. The cyclical changes in sexual skin swelling and/or coloration were detected only in adolescent females. Micro-sections from ovaries of autopsied animals revealed large Graafian follicle formations often rupturing by day fourteen of the cycle. Length of the menstrual cycle ranged from 26–38 days with a modal value of 28 days.
Are Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Intermediate-Mass Black Holes Accreting from Molecular Clouds?

The origin and nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is a contentious and controversial topic. There are ongoing debates about the masses of the objects responsible, their sources of mass for accretion, and their relation to stellar populations in galaxies. A new picture of these objects is proposed in which they are intermediate-mass black holes confined to the disks of their host galaxies and accreting from the interstellar medium. They are then preferentially found in or near molecular clouds. This model correctly predicts the shape of the observed luminosity function and requires only a very small fraction of the baryonic mass of a galaxy to be in the form of intermediate-mass black holes. Because the X-rays they produce strongly heat nearby interstellar gas and because they move relatively rapidly in and out of dense regions, ULXs are predicted to have brief episodes of high luminosity, perhaps ~105 yr in duration, but they may recur many times.
Planar frequency diverse array receiver architecture

In this paper, we extend the beamforming theory for frequency diverse arrays (FDA) to planar array geometries and give spatial pattern snapshots from the transmit and receive aspects. This is a natural extension of linear FDA work. Prior to this paper, FDA has only been discussed as either a linear array on transmit or with a receive processing chain that excludes some transmitted signals. We propose a technique that allows all transmitted signals to be seen and processed by each element on receive in a monostatic configuration.
S phase synchrony in monolayer CHO cultures

Parameters are described for reproducible S phase synchrony of Chinese hamster ovary cells growing in monolayer, adapting a method described by Tobey & Crissman [1] for CHO cells growing in suspension culture. Cells are collected at the G1/S boundary in hydroxyurea after reversal of an early G1 block induced by isoleucine deprivation. The entire population enters the S period within 60 min after removal of hydroxyurea and proceeds through the S period with minimal decay of synchrony, as evidenced by autoradiographic and rate studies on [3H]TdR uptake. In addition, a method is described for obtaining cells synchronized during two successive S periods. The presence of hydroxyurea during G1 does not measurably affect the rate of uptake of [3H]uridine or [3H]leucine into TCA-insoluble material; however, cultures released from the hydroxyurea block at 10 h incorporate slightly more [3H]uridine (but not [3H]leucine) in the next 6 h than cultures maintained in hydroxyurea over this interval. Delaying entry into S with hydroxyurea for as long as 15 h does not significantly change the initial rate or duration of DNA synthesis upon removal of hydroxyurea, arguing against the build-up of substances responsible for initiation of replicons. Furthermore, if DNA synthesis is delayed with hydroxyurea in one cell cycle, a constant minimal interval of 15 h elapses before the population enters into the next S phase, suggesting that the timing of the S period is coupled to the timing of the previous S.
Peroxidation of Unsaturated Ketones

Two recent reviews of peroxidation of organic compounds1,2 cite the fact that α,β-unsaturated ketones are oxidized by peracids to enol esters. A priori, however, one might expect one or more of three possible products and their hydrolysates. Thus, I and II would result from an attack of peracid at the carbonyl carbon followed by rearrangement according to the mechanism proposed by Criegee3, Friess4, and Doering5, while III Would be the consequence of an attack at the β-carbon of the conjugated system.
Kids, Rock and Couples: Screening the Elusive/Illusive Bisexual

This essay comments on the simultaneous foregrounding and erasure of bisexuality in contemporary cinema and television, arguing that the treatment of bisexuality as an impossibility or enigma (which bisexual theorists can and often do treat in productive ways) is related to the hegemony of the couple in the dominant heterosexual culture and homosexual subcultures.
A multiple testing procedure to associate gene expression levels with survival

In many microarray studies the primary objective is to identify, from a large panel of genes, those which are prognostic markers of a censored survival endpoint such as time to disease recurrence or death. Often, these genes are considered prognostic in that their respective expressions are associated with the survival endpoint of interest. To assess this association requires specifying an appropriate measure of association, a suitable test statistic and, as the number of genes is large, proper handling of multiplicity issues. In this paper, we will address these issues by utilizing a general correlation measure, a non-parametric test statistic, and control of the family-wise error rate by employing permutation resampling. Comprehensive simulation studies are conducted to investigate the statistical properties of the proposed procedure. The proposed method is applied to a recently published data set on patients with lung cancer.
Parallel implementation of a tightly coupled ablation prediction code using MPI

A parallel algorithm is developed for use with an ablation prediction code. The use of parallel computing is required due to the amount of computational time needed to simulate realistic physical times due to the small time steps demanded by explicit time schemes, and for the future use of the code to handle 3-D defects at the TPS surface. The details of a parallel algorithm using MPI are provided. The performance of this algorithm for a typical ablation problem is provided.
Discriminatory software metric selection via a grid of interconnected multilayer perceptrons

Software metrics quantify source code characteristics for the purpose of software quality analysis. An initial approach to the difficulty in mapping source code to quality rankings is to multiply the number of features collected. However, as the number of metrics used for analysis increases, rules of thumb for robust classification are violated, ultimately reducing confidence in the quality assessment. Thus, a metric selection method is necessary. This paper examines the ability of a grid of interconnected multilayer perceptrons to select an appropriate subset of software metrics. Local interconnections between the multilayer perceptrons, in the form of feature evolution heuristics, allow publication of discriminatory features. The combination of competitive publication of discriminatory features with a limited number of inputs leads to classifiers that conform to robust classifier design rules. This paper examines the determination of discriminatory feature subsets by a grid of multilayer perceptrons in relation to a gold standard provided by a software architect.
Gastrointestinal helminths of eleven species of Emoia (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea

Four hundred and forty‐six individuals representing 11 species of Emoia (Scincidae), E. atrocostata, E. battersbyi, E. caeruleocauda, E. impar, E. jakati, E. kordoana, E. longicauda, E. obscura, E. pallidiceps, E. physicae and E. popei, collected in Papua New Guinea were examined for helminths. Two species of Cestoda (Adenobrechmos greeri, Cylindrotaenia hickmani); five species of Digenea (Mesocoelium monas, Paradistomoides gregarium, Saurokoilophilia kinsellai, Spelotrema brevicaeca, Zeylanurotrema sphenomorphi); 14 species of Nematoda, (gravid individuals of Abbreviata oligopapillata, Hedruris hanleyae, Kreisiella chrysocampa, Maxvachonia adamsoni, Meteterakis crombiei, Parapharyngodon maplestoni, Physaloperoides milnensis, Pseudoreticularia dipsarilis, Raillietnema nanus, Skrjabinodon sp. 1, Skrjabinodon sp. 2 and larvae (in cysts) of Abbreviata sp., Acuariidae gen. sp., and Riticulariidae gen. sp.) were found. The mean helminth species richness for infected skinks was 6.4±4.7 SD (range 1–14 species). ...
Animation as an Aid to Multimedia Learning

How can animation be used to promote learner understanding of scientific and mathematical explanations? In this review, we examine the role of animation in multimedia learning (including multimedia instructional messages and microworld games), present a cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and summarize our program of research, which has yielded seven principles for the use of animation in multimedia instruction. These include the multimedia principle (present animation and narration rather than narration alone), spatial contiguity principle (present on-screen text near rather than far from corresponding animation), temporal contiguity principle (present corresponding animation and narration simultaneously rather than successively), coherence principle (exclude extraneous words, sounds, and video), modality principle (present animation and narration rather than animation and onscreen text), redundancy principle (present animation and narration rather than animation, narration, and on-screen text), and personalization principle (present words in conversational rather than formal style). Animation can promote learner understanding when used in ways that are consistent with the cognitive theory of multimedia learning.
Maternal and paternal nitrogen investment in Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera; Blattellidae)

The investment of nitrogenous materials by female and male German cockroaches Blattella germanica (L.) into their progeny was examined. Adult females maintained on dog food invested 34% of their dry mass and 26% of their nitrogen into an oothecae during their first gonadotrophic cycle. Females maintained on a low- (5%) protein diet and injected simultaneously with [3H]leucine and [14C]hypoxanthine incorporated less [3H]leucine-derived radiolabel in their oothecae than those on a dog food diet (25% crude protein). Females on the low-protein diet incorporated more [14C]hypoxanthine-derived material (primarily as [14C]urates) into their oothecae than they retained in their bodies. Stored [14C]urates were metabolized more readily by females on the low-protein diet. Oothecae obtained from females provided with an [15N]urate-amended diet contained at least four 15N-enriched amino acids, which supports the hypothesis that urates are utilized as a nitrogen resource in these insects. Dietary effects on paternal investment were also found to be significant. Females fed a low-protein diet and their oothecae contained 63% of the radiolabel made available to them at mating when paired with males injected simultaneously with [3H]leucine and [14C]hypoxanthine, whereas dog-food-fed females and their oothecae contained only 17% of the total radiolabel made available to them at mating.
Toward Ecological Economy

(2007). Toward Ecological Economy. Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 20-25.
Vapor–liquid equilibria and thermophysical behavior of the SPC-HW model for heavy water

The vapor–liquid coexistence curve of the simple point charge heavy-water model (SPC-HW), [J. Chem. Phys., 114, 8064–8067 (2001)] is determined by Gibbs Ensemble Monte-Carlo (GEMC) simulation. The estimated critical conditions of the model based on the Wegner-type expansion for the order parameters and the rectilinear diameter are ρc = 0.300 g/cc, T c = 661 K and P c = 156 bars. The dielectric constant determined by isothermal–isochoric molecular dynamics is underpredicted along the coexistence curve by 29–44% in comparison with the experimental values. The analysis of the orthobaric temperature dependence of the system microstructure, in terms of the three site–site radial distribution functions, indicates that the first coordination numbers for the oxygen–oxygen and the oxygen–deuterium interactions are ∼4.3 ± 0.1 and ∼1.9 ± 0.1 at T = 300 K, and decrease by 15 and 55%, respectively, at criticality. The dipole–dipole correlation functions show that the orientational order in heavy water is quickly lost ...
Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Leaf Decomposition in an Acid-Impacted Stream in Northcentral Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Decomposition rates of red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves in a variable pH environment were examined in Johnson Creek, a northcentral Pennsylvania acid-mine impacted stream. Two types of red maple leaf packs were placed at four locations along an increasing pH gradient ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. Fine-meshed nylon stocking packs were used to measure chemical and microbial decomposition rates and to exclude stream invertebrates; and, coarse-meshed nylon packs were used to allow for colonization of leaf shredding invertebrates. Differences in decomposition rates for both types of leaf packs were correlated less with increasing pH and more with condition of substrate, stream discharge, and invertebrate community structure. Leaf decomposition rates were significantly slower for the fine-meshed packs than for coarse-meshed packs at all sampling sites. This comparison suggests an important role for both stream discharge and shredder occurrence and density in determining faster decomposition rates in Johnson C...
ET-45KNOCKDOWN OF TNFSF13B INDUCES GLIOMA STEM CELL APOPTOSIS

Tumor Necrosis Factor (Ligand) Super Family member 13B (TNFSF13B; BAFF) is primarily produced by myeloid lineage cells, activated T cells and dendritic cells, and up-regulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Approximately 20% of glioblastoma overexpress TNFSF13B, which may account for treatment resistance. A Kaplan-Meier curve from a query of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that glioblastoma patients with increased expression (EXP > 2) of TNFSF13B have a significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.025). By immunoblotting, TNFSF13B expression was differentially expressed in a panel of glioma stem cells (GSCs). GFP-tagged TNFSF13B shRNA lentivirus was used to knock down TNFSF13B in multiple cell lines. Erlotinib or lapatinib inhibited cell viability to a greater extent in shTNFSF13B cells compared to scramble control. After 1 µM erlotinib treatment for 3 days, cell viability was suppressed by 34% in shTNFSF13B GSC11 cells compared to scramble control cells. Lapatinib (0.1 µM for 3 days) reduced cell viability by 40% in shTNFSF13B GSC11 cells compared to controls. Apoptosis, assessed by Annexin V-based flow cytometry, revealed a 30% increase in Annexin V staining after erlotinib treatment (1 µM for 3 days) in shTNFSF13B GSC11 cells compared with controls. The level of anti-apopototic proteins BCL-XL and Bid markedly decreased which was concomitant with an increase in cleaved caspase 9 in shTNFSF13B cells treated with EGFR inhibitors. Using an apoptosis protein array, we observed that anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, survivin, claspin and HIF-1α significantly decreased in shTNFSF13B cells compared with scramble cells after treatment of 1 µM erlotinib. Ongoing in vivo studies are validating the impact of targeting TNFSF13B in a glioma xenograft model. Our studies identified TNFSF13B as a potentially important mediator of glioma stem cell survival in vitro and suggest that TNFSF13B may be a potential therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy.
Trauma-Hemorrhage Induces Depressed Splenic Dendritic Cell Functions in Mice

Although Kupffer cell, splenic, and peritoneal macrophage functions are markedly altered following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H), it remains unclear whether T-H also affects splenic dendritic cell (sDC) functions. We hypothesized that sDC functions will also be compromised following T-H. Male C3H/HeN (6- to 8-wk) mice were randomly assigned to sham operation or T-H. T-H was induced by midline laparotomy and approximately 90 min of hemorrhagic shock (blood pressure 35 mmHg), followed by fluid resuscitation (four times the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer's lactate). Two hours later, the mice were sacrificed; sDC were isolated; and the changes in their apoptosis, MHC class II expression, and ability to produce costimulatory cytokines and Ag presentation were measured. The results indicate that sDC Ag presentation capacity was significantly decreased and MHC class II expression was also significantly decreased following T-H. Moreover, LPS-induced IL-12 production and LPS- or IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production following T-H were significantly decreased. Thus, the markedly decreased MHC class II expression and cytokine (IL-12, IFN-gamma) production following T-H may be the cause for the depressed sDC Ag presentation under those conditions. This depression in Ag presentation could contribute to the host's enhanced susceptibility to sepsis following T-H.
The Influence of Problems with Concentration and Memory on Emotional Distress and Daily Activities in Chronic Pain Patients

This study examined concentration and memory problems in chronic pain patients as they related to emotional distress and interference with daily activity. Three hundred and sixty-three chronic pain patients were divided into two groups based on how much they expressed difficulty in concentrating and remembering things. Each patient was given a physical examination and completed a pain evaluation questionnaire and an SCL-90. Physician ratings of the patients' depression and anxiety were also obtained. The results showed that problems in concentration and memory were related to emotional distress, poor family support, and interference with daily activities. It is suggested that techniques to improve concentration and memory should be incorporated as part of a multidisciplinary pain program.
Developing dashboards to measure and manage inpatient pharmacy costs.

Purpose. A pharmacy dashboard was developed and implemented to identify trends in drug use; normalize data for patient volumes; allow the user to determine whether changes were due to cost increases, actual use changes, or both; permit evaluation of drug use within key diagnoses for individual services; and allow multiple formats and layers of analysis. Summary. At the University of Michigan, a drug cost and drug-use database had been developed, and an enterprise data warehouse had been implemented. The data warehouse served as the core data source for the pharmacy dashboard effort. The department of pharmacy services worked with the clinical information and decision support services (CIDSS) unit to develop and promote the use of the pharmacy dashboard. On the basis of the core data in the data warehouse, the dashboard was designed to harness these data for the useful and actionable presentation to service chiefs, individual house officers, and administration for a better understanding of drug costs and use within the institution. In addition to the drug cost and drug-use trend data, the dashboard included help features such as access to the Drugdex database for detailed clinical information about specific drugs, including indications, adverse effects, and drug interactions. Conclusion. The cost reports that were developed through the collaboration between the CIDSS and the department of pharmacy services have permitted a more robust understanding of drug-use trends by a wider audience of physician leaders and clinical pharmacists at the institution. These data are critical in formulating strategies to control drug expenses by each service.
Biomarkers in Hypertension and Their Relationship with Myocardial Target-Organ Damage

Essential hypertension is a very common health condition that is associated with an array of long-term end-organ diseases, including premature cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is no effective method to identify high-risk patients who may develop cardiovascular comorbidities in the future. Clinically, it would be beneficial to identify high-risk patients early in the disease process, so they can receive more aggressive blood pressure control and perhaps other specific disease-modifying therapies, thus delaying or avoiding the onset of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac biomarkers may have a unique role in the prognostic evaluation of patients with hypertension as many cardiac biomarker levels become abnormal long before the onset of overt cardiovascular disease. This review will provide an overview of cardiac biomarkers that may be used to predict future cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension.
Predicting cache space contention in utility computing servers

The need to provide performance guarantee in high performance servers has long been neglected. Providing performance guarantee in current and future servers is difficult because fine-grain resources, such as on-chip caches, are shared by multiple processors or thread contexts. Although interthread cache sharing generally improves the overall throughput of the system, the impact of cache contention on the threads that share it is highly non-uniform: some threads may be slowed down significantly, while others are not. This may cause severe performance problems such as sub-optimal throughput, cache thrashing, and thread starvation for threads that fail to occupy sufficient cache space to make good progress. Clearly, this situation is not desirable when performance guarantee needs to be provided, such as in utility computing servers. Unfortunately, there is no existing model that allows extensive investigation of the impact of cache sharing. To allow such a study, we propose an inductive probability model to predict the impact of cache sharing on co-scheduled threads. The input to the model is the isolated L2 circular sequence profile of each thread, which can be easily obtained on-line or off-line. The output of the model is the number of extra L2 cache misses for each thread due to cache sharing. We validate the model against a cycle-accurate simulation that implements a dual-core chip multi-processor (CMP architecture), on fourteen pairs of mostly SPEC benchmarks. The model achieves an average error of only 3.9%.
Head over heels: an examination of a possible mating signal in female swordtails, Xiphophorus cortezi

Females of many species display overt behavioural signs that provide information to males about their willingness to mate. We have observed female swordtails (Xiphophorus cortezi) performing ‘headstands’ and/or ‘pecks’ towards the substrate of their tank in the presence of males. To determine whether this behaviour is an attempt at foraging, a mating signal or a sign of aggression or stress, we exposed satiated individual female swordtails to either no fish, a female or a male fish and measured association time and frequency of headstand/pecking behaviours. Females did not perform these behaviours when there was no other fish in the tank. Although they spent equal amounts of time associating with either a male or female stimulus fish, they only performed headstands/pecks in the presence of males. Furthermore, in dichotomous choice tests with large and small males, females preferred to associate with large males and performed significantly more headstands/pecks in their presence. Finally, males were simultaneously exposed to videos of a free-swimming female and the same female intermittently pecking the bottom of the tank to examine their response to the signal. Larger males spent more time with and performed more courtship behaviours towards the pecking female, whereas smaller males spent more time associating with and courting the freely swimming female. These results suggest that headstands/pecks performed by female swordtails in the presence of males may be a signal of a female's willingness to mate and that the size of a male affects his response to this signal.
HURRICANE EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY AND BENTHOS IN THE CAPE FEAR WATERSHED: NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS

In the summer of 1996, southeastern North Carolina, United States, was struck by two hurricanes, with the second (Hurricane Fran) doing considerably more damage than the first (Hurricane Bertha). The Cape Fear watershed, largest in North Carolina, suffered from severe water quality problems for weeks following Fran, including a massive fish kill in the Northeast Cape Fear River. Post-hurricane flooding caused inputs of riparian swamp water to river channels, and sewage treatment plant and pump station power failures caused diversions of millions of liters of raw and partially treated human waste into rivers. Additionally, several swine waste lagoons were breached, overtopped, or inundated, discharging large quantities of concentrated organic waste into the system, particularly into the Northeast Cape Fear River. Dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased to 2 mg/L in the mainstem Cape Fear River, and fell to zero in the Northeast Cape Fear River for >3 wk. Biochemical oxygen demand in the Northeast Cape Fear River w...
Terahertz polaritonics: High-field THz coherent control and spectroscopy

The tools of THz polaritonics are extended for improved polariton amplification and for nonlinear THz spectroscopy using amplified and focused polariton waveforms. THz coherent spectroscopy and control applications are enabled.
An expert fault manager using an object meta-model

This paper describes the design and implementation of an expert fault management (EFM) system, based on an object-oriented meta-model, which can isolate causes of performance problems in a distributed environment. Error diagnosis can integrate application, system, and network related causes and identify the root cause, as well as affected applications. Diagnosis can be proactive or reactive. The implementation is based on the GEN-X expert system, and intelligent agents written in PERL. It is self-configuring, and has demonstrated it's ability to detect problems earlier and more accurately than humans.
Dynamics of Adaptive Radiation

Biologists have long been fascinated by the exceptionally high diversity displayed by some evolutionary groups (e.g., Darwin’s finches, Anolis lizards, cichlid fishes of the Afric an Great Lakes). Adaptive radiation in such clades is not only spectacular, but is also an extremely complex process influe nced by a variety of ecological, genetic, and developmental factors and strongly dependent on historical contingencies. Using large-scale spatially and genetically explicit in dividualbased simulations, we identify a number of general patterns concerning the temporal, spatial, and genetic/morphological properties of adaptive radiation. Some of these are strongl y supported by empirical work, whereas for others, empirical support is more tentative. In almost all cases, more data are needed. Future progress in our understanding of adaptive radiation will be most successful if theoretical and empiri cal approaches are integrated, as has happened in other areas of evolutionary biology.
Investigation of Thermal and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers Relevant to Hot Melt Extrusion, IV: Affinisol™ HPMC HME Polymers.

Most cellulosic polymers cannot be used as carriers for preparing solid dispersion of drugs by hot melt extrusion (HME) due to their high melt viscosity and thermal degradation at high processing temperatures. Three HME-grade hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses, namely Affinisol™ HPMC HME 15 cP, Affinisol™ HPMC HME 100 cP, and Affinisol™ HPMC HME 4 M, have recently been introduced by The Dow Chemical Co. to enable the preparation of solid dispersion at lower and more acceptable processing temperatures. In the present investigation, physicochemical properties of the new polymers relevant to HME were determined and compared with that of Kollidon® VA 64. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), moisture sorption, rheology, and torque analysis by melt extrusion were applied. PXRD and mDSC showed that the Affinisol™ polymers were amorphous in nature. According to TGA, the onset of degradation for all polymers was >220°C. The Affinisol™ polymers exhibited less hygroscopicity than Kollidon® VA 64 and another HPMC polymer, Methocel™ K100LV. The complex viscosity profiles of the Affinisol™ polymers as a function of temperature were similar. The viscosity of the Affinisol™ polymers was highly sensitive to the shear rate applied, and unlike Kollidon® VA 64, the viscosity decreased drastically when the angular frequency was increased. Because of the very high shear rate encountered during melt extrusion, Affinisol™ polymers showed capability of being extruded at larger windows of processing temperatures as compared to that of Kollidon® VA 64.
miR-199b, a novel tumor suppressor miRNA in acute myeloid leukemia with prognostic implications

Dysregulation of miRNAs that can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes can result in tumorigenesis. Previously we demonstrated that miR-199b was significantly downregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and targets podocalyxin and discoidin domain receptor 1. Herein we investigated the functional role of miR-199b in AML and its prognostic implications. Major approaches include transduction of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow transplantation, analyses of blood lineages, histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors, and molecular and clinical data analyses of AML patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We first examined the relative miR-199b expression in steady state hematopoiesis and showed CD33+ myeloid progenitors had the highest miR-199b expression. Further, silencing of miR-199b in CD34+ cells resulted in significant increases in CFU-GM colonies. Via TCGA we analyzed the molecular and clinical characteristics of 166 AML cases to investigate a prognostic role for miR-199b. The Kaplan–Meier curves for high and low expression values of miR-199b and the observed distribution of miRNA expression revealed the highly expressed group had significantly better survival outcomes (p < 0.016, log rank test). Additionally, there was significant difference between miR-199b expression across the AML subtypes with particularly low expression found in the FAB-M5 subtype. Furthermore, FAB-M5 subtype showed a poor prognosis with a 1-year survival rate of only 25 %, compared with 51 % survival in the overall sample (p < 0.024). Furthermore, significant inverse correlation of HoxA7 and HoxB6 expression with miR-199b was observed in FAB-M5 AML patients. Molecular mutations were analyzed among miR-199b high and low AML cases. Significant correlations in terms of association and survival outcomes were observed for NPMc and IDH1 mutations. Treatment of THP-1 cells (represents M5-subtype) with HDAC inhibitors AR-42, Panobinostat, or Decitabine showed miR-199b expression was significantly elevated upon AR-42 and Panobinostat treatment. To further understand the hematopathological consequences of decreased miR-199b, we employed a bone-marrow transduce/transplant (BMT) mouse model. Interestingly, in vivo miR-199b silencing per-se in HSCs did not result in profound perturbations. Loss of miR-199b can lead to myeloproliferation while HDAC inhibitors restore miR-199b expression and promote apoptosis. Low miR-199b in AML patients correlates with worse overall survival and has prognostic significance for FAB-M5 subtype.
Interpersonal Skills and Organizational Commitment

Every managers have special skills that make them most effective as a manager and a leader in an industry. When a manager can identify their strengths, they can use that to effectively inspire their employees, enhance their managerial performance and create a healthy working environment. Managers today have to handle issues related to performance, as well as to provide their employees; feedback on a regular basis and guidance in order to assist them in improving their performance. The aim of this study is to assess the Interpersonal Skills of managers that influencing on Organizational Commitment in relation to Ceylinco Insurance, Janashakthy Insurance, Union Assurance, HNB Assurance, Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation and AIA Insurance. To achieve the goals of this research, the data were collected from stratified sample of 140 employees in Colombo District. The respondents provided the data by means of a close-ended questionnaire. Pearson’s Correlation was used for testing the hypotheses. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Software. This study empirically examines the significant relationship between Interpersonal Skills (IS) as the independent variable and Organizational Commitment (OC) as the dependent variable. While both the variables individually have high level attributes, the Pearson’s correlation analysis explores a positively significant linear relationship between IS and OC. This implies that the OC can be predicted with the nature of IS. The correlation coefficient between the IS and OC indicates that the IS is useful to explain the variation in OC.
X-ray Spectro-Microscopy and Micro-Spectroscopy in the 2100 eV to 12000 eV Region (Invited)

An x-ray microprobe beamline was recently developed and commissioned at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University. It achieves a moderate horizontal and vertical focal spot size of 18.8 µm × 7.0 µm (σ), respectively. The beamline and end-station are designed and optimized to perform ( i ) spatially-resolved x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (spectro-microscopy) using the broad intense spectrum of the white synchrotron radiation, and ( ii ) spatially-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (micro-spectroscopy) in the energy region of 2100eV to 12000 eV. These dual capabilities enable K-edge measurements and mapping, in non-vacuum conditions, of low-Z elements down to Cl, S, and P that are of both environmental interest and technological importance. In this paper, an application of this novel synchrotron tool to elucidate the elemental distribution (microstructure) and chemical state (speciation) of Mn, Cl, S, and P-containing particulates emitted from automobile engines burning methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl- (MMT-) added fuel will be discussed in detail. Future opportunities of this microbeam technique in materials science and materials characterization will also be outlined.
Becoming Pure: The Civil Sphere, Media Practices and Constructing Civil Purification:

This paper integrates the US civil sphere, European media as practice, and social psychological literatures to demonstrate how people construct their own civil purity and become pure. It uses in-depth interview data to uncover a language of civil purity that people draw on to construct their own belonging in civil society. It argues that some people create an imagined public-at-large that they infuse with polluting qualities associated with the binary cultural codes of civil society. This image functions as a mental heuristic, against which people compare themselves and see themselves as ‘better than’ on a number of moral values associated with civil society. This process of constructing civil purity is linked to one of the civil sphere’s two fundamental social institutions, namely communication. As a form of nonfiction media with record lows in trust and credibility, the mainstream news serves as a social topic through which we can witness the construction of civil purity.
On the Comparison of Assembly Structure Designs of Car Frame

As the key part of a car,frame is related to a car's performance,such as safety and comfort.If we want to improve the overall performance of frame,we must consider whether every part of designs can satisfy our needs.The article mainly introduces the designs of lead rail,spacing structure,the design of cross girder A assembly and reasonable lay of damper pin.
Should we prescribe antibiotics for acute conjunctivitis

This review indicates that even in high-risk patients with bacterial conjunctivitis, there is only a small benefit of treatment with antibiotics. Furthermore, most cases (64 percent) resolve spontaneously, and complications are rare. Therefore, it is reasonable to avoid antibiotic use in a low-risk patient with suspected viral conjunctivitis.
Pten regulates spindle pole movement through Dlg1-mediated recruitment of Eg5 to centrosomes

Phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten) suppresses neoplastic growth by negatively regulating PI(3)K signalling through its phosphatase activity. To gain insight into the actions of non-catalytic Pten domains in normal physiological processes and tumorigenesis, we engineered mice lacking the PDZ-binding domain (PDZ-BD). Here, we show that the PDZ-BD regulates centrosome movement and that its heterozygous or homozygous deletion promotes aneuploidy and tumour formation. We found that Pten is recruited to pre-mitotic centrosomes in a Plk1-dependent fashion to create a docking site for protein complexes containing the PDZ-domain-containing protein Dlg1 (also known as Sap97) and Eg5 (also known as Kif11), a kinesin essential for centrosome movement and bipolar spindle formation. Docking of Dlg1-Eg5 complexes to Pten depended on Eg5 phosphorylation by the Nek9-Nek6 mitotic kinase cascade and Cdk1. PDZ-BD deletion or Dlg1 ablation impaired loading of Eg5 onto centrosomes and spindle pole motility, yielding asymmetrical spindles that are prone to chromosome missegregation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Pten, through the Dlg1-binding ability of its PDZ-BD, accumulates phosphorylated Eg5 at duplicated centrosomes to establish symmetrical bipolar spindles that properly segregate chromosomes, and suggest that this function contributes to tumour suppression.
Exploiting the Fanconi Anemia Pathway for Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy

Genome instability, primarily caused by faulty DNA repair mechanisms, drives tumorigenesis. Therapeutic interventions that exploit deregulated DNA repair in cancer have made considerable progress by targeting tumor-specific alterations of DNA repair factors, which either induces synthetic lethality or augments the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The study of Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare inherited blood disorder and cancer predisposition syndrome, has been instrumental in understanding the extent to which DNA repair defects contribute to tumorigenesis. The FA pathway functions to resolve blocked replication forks in response to DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and accumulating knowledge of its activation by the ubiquitin-mediated signaling pathway has provided promising therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of FA pathway regulation and its potential application for designing tailored therapeutics that take advantage of deregulated DNA ICL repair in cancer.
Moral Philosophy and the Manager

We need a better way to understand the role of moral philosophy in contributing to our notion of the character of the manager. A Socratic approach to moral philosophy, which stands in contrast to a more widespread view of the professional philosopher, is proposed. One who uses a Socratic approach understands the philosopher’s tasks in terms of pursuing wisdom and cultivating virtues needed to pursue excellence in one’s social roles and as a human being. Alasdair MacIntyre takes this sort of Socratic approach. The book’s purpose is to apply this approach to moral philosophy to engage, criticize, and extend MacIntyre’s work on the manager as a character.
A Worthy Ally: Catholic Social Teaching on the 'Anguish' and the 'Hopes' of Marriage and Family Today

Whereas important secular institutions — legal, cultural, and social — have demonstrated an increasing apathy with respect to the decline of the institution of marriage and the status of the family that has occurred over the last forty years, the social teaching of the Catholic Church has taken seriously the causes of this decline. In fact, the Catholic teaching has attempted to remain consciously faithful to longstanding normative traditions based often on natural law while applying those traditions specifically to contemporary problems. Responding to the current problems affecting marriage and family, the Catholic Church upholds the centrality of the family as a basic social principle, recognizes the current challenges to its realization, insists that society recognize this basic social principle, acknowledges the independent value of science, affirms the transcendence of the human person and human love, and rejects body/soul dualism. In an effort to contrast this compelling response by Catholic social teaching with the secular response, this essay discusses concrete examples illustrating the lack of a well-conceived, proportionate secular response and then explains the specific ways in which Catholic social teaching provides constructive, practical solutions to both Catholics and non-Catholics alike.
An Analytic Variable Selection Technique for Principal Component Regression

SUMMARY This paper presents an analytic technique for deleting predictor variables from a linear regression model when principal components of X'X are removed to adjust for multicollinearities in the data. The technique can be adapted to commonly used variable selection procedures such as backward elimination to eliminate redundant predictor variables without appreciably increasing the residual sum of squares. An analysis of the pitprop data of Jeffers (1967) is performed to illustrate the methods proposed in the paper. THE use of principal component procedures in either multivariate analysis or multiple linear regression generally results in a reduction of the rank of the variable space. A shortcoming often mentioned, however, is that there is no corresponding reduction in the number of original variables which must be measured. Draper (1964) became well aware of this problem when he attempted to eliminate redundant quality tests on reels of paper. Although Draper concludes that the principal components do not aid in deciding which properties of the paper to test, Jeffers (1965) argues they do, in fact, provide such information. Jolliffe (1972) discusses eight methods of reducing the number of variables in multivariate problems, four of which utilize principal components. In a second paper, Jolliffe (1973) applies five of the eight techniques to real data, including a multiple linear regression analysis. This latter example concerns the pitprop data of Jeffers (1967), in which he used principal com- ponents to provide insight into which physical properties should be used to investigate the compressive strength of the props. The purpose of this paper is to present another method of reducing the number of indepen- dent variables in a principal component regression analysis. The procedure first deletes principal components associated with small latent roots of X'X and then incorporates an analog of the backward elimination procedure (e.g. Draper and Smith, 1966, Chapter 6) to eliminate the independent variables. This furnishes an analytic procedure for deleting vari- ables, when using a principal component analysis, which is based upon minimal increases in residual sums of squares.
Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer

What features distinguish the rare patient with rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal papillary thyroid cancer from the more typical patient with an essentially normal survival? Prognostication in papillary thyroid cancer has been facilitated by the recognition of clinical and pathological features that correlate with the risk of recurrence and death from disease. Numerous retrospective analyses have identified patient age older than 40–50 years, tumor size larger than 4 cm, advanced tumor grade, male sex, local tumor invasion beyond the thyroid capsule, and distant metastatic disease as having a negative impact on survival.