cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation

Fifty-nine patients were studied who had severe tricuspid regurgitation which was confirmed by right ventriculography and during surgery in order to determine the incidence of clinical, radiologic, and hemodynamic clues of severe tricuspid regurgitation. Eighty-eight percent of patients had Carvallo sign alone or in combination with pulsatile liver or prominent jugular venous V waves, and the classic triad was present in 42 percent. Most patients had enlargement of the right atrium on chest x-ray film. The classical "ventricularization" pattern of right atrial pressure was seen in 30 percent, prominent V waves with rapid Y descents were present in 37 percent, and normal contour of right atrial waves with normal mean pressure was seen in 33 percent. The inspiratory maneuver was helpful to induce the ventricularization pattern or prominent V waves with rapid Y descents especially in patients with normal right atrial pressure waves. In conclusion, right ventriculography is a sensitive and accurate method for detecting and quantitating tricuspid regurgitation in the absence of the diagnostic physical findings.
Monumentality in Urban Design: The Case of China

An American urban geographer and noted specialist on China comments on the preceding review essay on monumentality in the urban design in world cities (Ford, 2008). Focusing on monumentality in China, the author surveys a number of monumental urban projects in Beijing (particularly in relation to Olympic construction), Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Kunming. In the context of urban theory, he discusses the massive presence of the Chinese state in everyday urban life. Noting the explosive urban growth and megaproject-related construction, the author alludes to recent evidence that the clearing of city neighborhoods and mass displacement of residents have prompted widespread opposition and resistance at the local level. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, R14, R53. 9 figures, 42 references.
Intercoronary arterial channels produced by chemical agents

V ASCULAR communications between coronaq arteries protect the heart when stenosis or occlusion of these arteries takes place. These channels “ration” the available blood and deliver it to ischemic muscle where it is needed most. Theyhave significant protective value. The Beck operation was designed to produce such intercoronary channels.lP4 One of the methods to produce them consisted of abrasion of the surface of the heart. In some instances abrasion cannot be done because the heart is too irritable. In such cases a substitute method, such as the use of a chemical agent, is desirable. Experiments with \.arious chemical agents arc reported here.
Delayed effects of advertising moderated by involvement

Abstract The moderating effect of message involvement was examined for two determinants of brand attitudes (attitude toward the ad [Aad] and brand beliefs) measured immediately after and 1 week following ad exposure. Findings indicated that, under high-involvement conditions, both brand beliefs and Aad were relatively enduring over time. In low-involvement conditions, Aad, but not beliefs, remained relatively stable over time. Irrespective of involvement conditions, immediate measures of Aad were significantly correlated with delayed measures of brand attitude, whereas immediate beliefs were significantly related to brand attitude only in high-involvement conditions.
Trade Contraction and Economic Decline: The Paraguayan Economy under Francia, 1810–1840

I argue here that economic activity fell considerably in the first three decades of Paraguay's early national period, below levels it had attained in the late colonial period and would attain again only after the mid-nineteenth century. I attribute this economic depression primarily to regional political fragmentation and the institutional regression it triggered. In the 1810s, the United Provinces of the River Plate sought to keep the former Viceroyalty of the River Plate under a single federal government, but failed to prevent Paraguay's early secession. Their subsequent trade blockades and military threats had profound economic and political effects on Paraguay: revenues from foreign trade taxation fell, scale economies in defence and justice provision vanished, a standing army emerged, government budget deficits worsened, mercantilist regulations heightened, the fiscal burden increased, and transactions costs generally rose. Proponents of federation, more representative governments, and freer trade progressively declined, while supporters of secession, political absolutism, and government regulation became ever more prominent. In the 1820s, blockade relaxations exacerbated economic intervention by the state, which substantially redistributed property rights in land towards itself. In the 1830s, renewed blockading had more than proportional negative effects on economic activity, which remained below late colonial levels at least until international waterways became freely navigable shortly after mid-century. Colonial absolutism and mercantilism may be said to have been restored with a vengeance. Long-run economic performance worsened.
Effect of acute calcium influx after mechanical stretch injury in vitro on the viability of hippocampal neurons.

We use a new in vitro model to examine the effect of mechanical deformation on neurons. We examined acute changes in cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) caused by a rapid stretch of cultured hippocampal neurons, using mechanical loading conditions that mimic brain deformations during trauma. We found that stretch-injury of neurons induces a strain-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. Remarkably, the extent of this calcium response exceeded the levels initiated by chemical toxicity with NMDA (100 μM) or glutamate (5 mM) exposure. Propidium iodide labeling at 24 h following stretch showed neuronal death occurred only at the most severe level of mechanical injury. Although NMDA-induced toxicity could be inhibited in calcium free media or by treatment with MK-801, stretch-induced neuronal death was not similarly reduced with either treatment. Unexpectedly, reduction of the acute stretch-induced calcium transient with calcium-free media or MK-801 resulted in an increase in neuronal death at lower stretch leve...
Networked multimedia for medical imaging

The development of biomedical imaging has revolutionized medical practice and health care delivery. The next wave of change, however, will come from merging medical imaging with multimedia technology. We discuss the necessary information infrastructure and supporting technology for this evolving field. We describe four types of clinical applications to illustrate the use and versatility of networked multimedia systems for image-assisted medical care.
Breakdown law and post-breakdown current-voltage characteristics of emission-driven microplasmas

Microplasmas are traditionally defined as plasmas that are confined to gaps that are less than 1 mm and have found applications in nanoparticle synthesis, plasma medicine and flow control. More recently, there has been significant emphasis on microplasmas operating at even smaller gaps that are less than 100 µm. It is now well-established that the breakdown voltages at microgaps deviate from Paschen law due to field emission from the cathode [1]. Numerical simulations [2,3], experiments [2] and theoretical studies [1,3] have focused on both pre-breakdown and certain basic post-breakdown characteristics [4] of these discharges. This talk will present an extension to these studies by presenting a breakdown law for microplasmas that are driven by a combination of both thermionic and field emission. The emission of electrons from the cathode is governed by the thermo-field theory [5]. The cathode source current is enhanced due to ionization in the gap, the secondary electron emission and the enhancement in emission current due to the ions that reach the cathode. Equations are formulated to describe the steady-state current density of the pre-breakdown Townsend dark discharges. The condition for absence of a steady-state pre-breakdown state is used to determine the breakdown voltage as a function of cathode temperature and applied voltage and present a scaling law for thermo-field emission driven breakdown. The theoretical results for the pre-breakdown state and breakdown voltage are validated using one-dimensional particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) simulations using a modified version of XPDP1 code. Finally, a theoretical model for the post-breakdown state comprising a cathode-fall and a quasi-neutral region is formulated to obtain current density as a function of applied voltage and then validated using constant current density PIC/MCC simulations. The variation of electron energy distribution function across the gap is also presented.
Diverting ileostomy for colonic Crohn's disease. Part I: Significance of ulcers 5 mm in depth or deeper on the preoperative barium enema.

In patients with colonic Crohn's disease who had failed to respond to medical treatment, a diverting ileostomy resulted in persistent relief of symptoms in 60% of the cases. The authors reviewed the radiographs performed prior to diverting ileostomy on 15 patients who had colonic Crohn's disease. A number of spike-like ulcers in the colon, 5 mm in depth or deeper, of various types, occurred in patients in whom surgery had failed. Ulcers 5 mm or greater in depth destroy the colonic muscularis propria and, if numerous, probably result in irreversible changes. If studies on larger numbers of patients confirm this finding, diverting ileostomy would be indicated before numerous deep ulcers develop.
Business Ethics: The Law of Rules

Despite the recent rash of corporate scandals and the resulting rush to address the problem by adding more laws and regulations, seemingly little attention has been paid to how the nature (not the substance) of rules may or may not affect ethical decision-making. Drawing on work in law, ethics, management, psychology, and other social sciences, this article explores how several characteristics of rules may interfere with the process of reaching and implementing ethical decisions. Such a relationship would have practical implications for regulatory policy and managers of organizations, and the article concludes by suggesting how regulations and corporate ethics programs should be able to improve the ethical culture of business and enhance the ethical decision-making skills of employees.One might suppose that where law is largely absent, behavior is pretty bad. Yet it turns out to be nearly the other way around. The two areas where law is arguably the largest presence in ordinary life—driving cars and paying taxes—are probably the two areas where there is the largest amount of self-conscious cheating.NASA’s culture of bureaucratic accountability emphasized chain of command, procedure, following the rules, and going by the book. While rules and procedures were essential for coordination, they had an unintended but negative effect. Allegiance to hierarchy and procedure had replaced deference to NASA engineers’ technical expertise.
Fission of 232Th by 9·5 MeV deuterons: Yield-mass curve

Relative yields for sixteen fission products from fission of Th/sup 232/ induced by 9.5 Mev deuterons are reponted. The yield-mass curve drawn to fit these yields is double humped, has a trough-to-peak ratio of 0.15, and is symmetrical about A = 115. The heavy mass peak is in essentially the same position on the A-axis as the heavy mass peak for thermal-neutron fission of U/ sup 235/; the position of the light mass peak is 2 to 3 mass units lower in A than that of the U/sup 235/ light mass peak. An analysis of the curve indicates that most fissions result from capture of the entire deuteron and that the average number of prompt neutrons emitted is 4 plus or minus 1. (auth)
Unidirectional block in a computer model of partially coupled segments of cardiac Purkinje tissue

The initiation of a reentrant circuit requires a zone of slow conduction and a zone of unidirectional block. This study used computer model conditions under which partial coupling between segments of cardiac Purkinje tissue resulted in unidirectional block. The structure used was one-dimensional and divided into three segments: a middle segment of variable length coupled to two long (semi-infinite in concept) segments. The DiFrancesco-Noble equations represented the ionic currents of the membrane. The results show that the possibility of unidirectional block depends on the size of the middle segment and the coupling resistances between the segments. No combination of coupling resistances allowed unidirectional block for middle segments with a length of two space constants (4 mm) or longer. Unidirectional block occurred for many combinations of coupling resistances as the length of the middle segment decreased to around half a space constant (1 mm). The number of length combinations that caused unidirectional block decreased again as segment length further decreased. These results provide a possible mechanism of unidirectional block for situations where islands of viable tissue are connected through nonviable tissue, such as in a healed myocardial infarction.
Selenoprotein P receptor from rat

Radioreceptor assay technology was used to show the presence in the rat of a receptor that binds selenoprotein P, a selenocysteine-containing rat plasma protein. 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P bound to testis, kidney, and liver membranes. The binding was specific in that increasing amounts of partially-fractionated rat plasma specifically displaced the binding of 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P to testis membrane in a competitive manner. 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P binding was saturable in the presence of increasing amounts of testis membranes. The binding of 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P was optimal at about pH 4.2. Several proteins and blood fractions had little or no significant effect on binding of 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P to testis membranes. All plasma sources tested specifically displaced 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P from testis membrane, indicating that selenoprotein P-related proteins may be widespread in nature. The study indicated that selenoprotein P has a receptor and is involved in selenium transport.
The chloride requirement for photosynthetic oxygen evolution: Factors affecting nucleophilic displacement of chloride from the oxygen-evolving complex

Abstract Previous research (Sandusky, P.O. and Yocum, C.F. (1983) FEBS Lett. 162, 339–343 and (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766, 603–611) has documented a competition between chloride and ammonia or Tris for a binding site within the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II. This competition is in fact a general property of inhibitory amines which is related to their nucleophilicity; this in turn suggests that the binding site is associated with a metal. Only ammonia, of all amines tested, is able to occupy a second binding site which is unrelated to the site of chloride binding; this sterically hindered site may be identical to the site already described for binding of hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and certain of their derivatives (Radmer, R. and Ollinger, O. (1983) FEBS Lett. 152, 39–43). When the interaction between amines, chloride and the inhibitory halide fluoride was examined, steady-state kinetic plotting procedures revealed that amines and fluoride compete for the chloride binding site; binding of one inhibitor precludes the binding of the other. It was also observed that the intensity of inhibitor binding to the oxygen-evolving complex was influenced by the electron acceptor present during assays; stronger inhibition was observed with a PS II-specific electron acceptor (2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone) than with an acceptor (ferricyanide) which requires electron transport to the reducing terminus of Photosystem I. These results are interpreted in terms of a model which proposes that the binding site for chloride on the oxidizing side of Photosystem II resides within the pool of functional manganese associated with the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II.
Moral Error, Power, and Insult:

Defenders of Aboriginal rights such as James Tully have argued that members of majority populations should allow Aboriginal peoples to argue within their own preferred intellectual frameworks in seeking common moral ground. But how should non-Aboriginal academics react to claims that seem insufficiently critical or even incoherent? This essay argues that there are two reasons to be especially wary of attacking such errors given the historical injustices perpetrated by settler states against Aboriginal peoples. First, attempts to root out error will often be misplaced, because they will fail to consider the full range of possible reasons for particular kinds of social practices. Second, such attempts will often have counterproductive social effects in disrupting conversations and prolonging Aboriginal alienation. This essay thus argues that non-Aboriginal academics should be willing to exercise considerable self-restraint toward apparent intellectual errors, because such a strategy will be most conducive t...
Learning about self and other during requests.

Requests engage children and their caregivers in conversations in which personal goals are at stake. By making requests and attending to their caregivers' replies, toddlers learn to conceptualize self and other as intentional agents in a social network.
Dental and skeletal findings on an ancient Egyptian mummy.

Abstract The dentofacial structures of an ancient Egyptian mummy were radiographically evaluated from available computer tomographic scans. The cephalometric measurements obtained were compared to those available on ancient Egyptian Pharaohs as well as to modern cephalometric standards for adult males. The measurements on “Lady” Udja were closely related to both sets of cephalometric standards. The dental findings include: noticeable generalized attrition of the dentition, extracted lower first molar, and impacted maxillary third molars. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;117:10-14)
Akkumulation und Mobilisation von Phosphaten in einer Schwarzerde im Statischen Dauerversuch Lauchstädt ‐ Betrachtung der P‐Bilanz nach 84 Versuchsjahren

Nach 84 Jahren differenzierter mineralischer und organischer Dungung (0–54 kgP/ha·a) wurden in verschiedenen Varianten des Statischen Dauerversuchs in Bad Lauchstadt die P-Bilanz sowie ausgewahlte P-Parameter im Boden bestimmt. Langjahrig unterschiedliche Dungung fuhrte zu einer starken Differenzierung der P-Bilanzwerte zwischen -738 und +2652 kgP/ha. Von maximal 4477 kg/ha zugefuhrten Phosphats verblieben damit 59, 2 % im Boden und 40, 8 % wurden mit den Pflanzen entzogen. Eine ausgeglichene P-Bilanz (±0) wurde fur eine jahrliche Dungermenge von 12, 9 kgP/ha errechnet. Dies trifft annahernd fur die Varianten zu, die eine P-Dungung in Form von 20 t Stalldung erhielten. Die in 84 Jahren mobilisierten P-Mengen (bis 738 kgP/ha) sind von dem durch andere Faktoren bestimmten Ertragsniveau abhangig. Die Abnahme des Pt-Gehaltes in der Krume war wesentlich geringer als der P-Entzug durch die Pflanze. Es ist zu vermuten, das ein betrachtlicher Teil des aufgenommenen Phosphats aus dem Unterboden mobilisiert wurde. Die im wesentlichen durch langjahrige Dungung bedingte Entwicklung der P-Bilanz fuhrte zu einem differenzierten P-Zustand des Bodens nach uber 80-jahriger Versuchsdauer, der sich in den Boden-P-Werten aller angewandten Methoden klar widerspiegelt, eingeschlossen die aus den P-Sorptionsisothermen abgeleitete maximale P-Sorption, die am hochsten ist in der Variante mit grostem P-Defizit (P-Mangelvariante/NK). Accumulation and Mobilisation of Phosphate in Haplic chernozem of the Static Long-Term Experiment at Lauchstadt - Consideration of the P-Balance after 84 Years Phosphate balance was calculated and various soil P parameters of a long-term field experiment at Lauchstadt were determined in which mineral fertilizer and farm yard manure were applied in rates of 0 to 54 kg P/ha/year. The various fertilizer treatments resulted in a considerable variation of the P balance sheet ranging from -738 to 2652 kg P/ha. This implies that 59 % of the applied P (cumulated maximum 4477 kgP/ha) remained in the soil, the rest was taken up by crops. Assuming a balanced P supply in which crop P uptake equaled the P fertilizer rate, a rate of 12, 9 kgP/ha/year would be required. This rate was approximately calculated for the various treatments having received farm yard manure. Phosphate mobilized from the soil (up to 738 kg P/ha) was related to factors which had an impact on crop yield. The decrease of total P in the upper soil layer (0 to 25 cm) was lower than the cumulative P uptake of crops. It is therefore assumed that a considerable proportion of P taken up by crops came from the subsoil. The change in the P balance sheet obtained during 84 years was clearly reflected by various soil parameters including the maximum P adsorption capacity which was highest in the treatment with the largest P deficit (NK treatment).
Creation of low hysteresis superhydrophobic paper by deposition of hydrophilic diamond-like carbon films

The creation of low hysteresis superhydrophobic paper is reported using a combination of oxygen plasma etching and plasma deposition of an 80 nm non-fluorinated, hydrophilic diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating. The DLC has an equilibrium (flat surface) contact angle (θ e ) of 68.2° ± 1.5°, which is well below the 90° contact angle that is typically believed to be a prerequisite for superhydrophobicity. Coating of paper substrates with the DLC film yields an advancing contact angle of 124.3° ± 4.1°, but the surface remains highly adhesive, with a receding contact angle <10°. After 60 min of plasma etching and DLC coating, a low hysteresis, superhydrophobic surface is formed with an advancing contact angle of 162.0° ± 6.3° and hysteresis of 8.7° ± 1.9°. To understand the increase in contact angle and decrease in hysteresis, atomic force microscopy and optical profilometry studies were performed. The data demonstrates that while little additional nanoscale roughness is imparted beyond the first 5 min of etching, the roughness at the microscale continually increases. The hierarchical structure provides the appropriate roughness to create low hysteresis superhydrophobic paper from a hydrophilic coating.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 Regulates Cyclin D1 and c-myc Internal Ribosome Entry Site Function through Akt Signaling

The translation of the cyclin D1 and c-myc mRNAs occurs via internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated initiation under conditions of reduced eIF-4F complex formation and Akt activity. Here we identify hnRNP A1 as an IRES trans-acting factor that regulates cyclin D1 and c-myc IRES activity, depending on the Akt status of the cell. hnRNP A1 binds both IRESs in vitro and in intact cells and enhances in vitro IRES-dependent reporter expression. Akt regulates this IRES activity by inducing phosphorylation of hnRNP A1 on serine 199. Serine 199-phosphorylated hnRNP A1 binds to the IRESs normally but is unable to support IRES activity in vitro. Reducing expression levels of hnRNP A1 or overexpressing a dominant negative version of the protein markedly inhibits rapamycin-stimulated IRES activity in cells and correlated with redistribution of cyclin D1 and c-myc transcripts from heavy polysomes to monosomes. Importantly, knockdown of hnRNP A1 also renders quiescent Akt-containing cells sensitive to rapamycin-induced G1 arrest. These results support a role for hnRNP A1 in mediating rapamycin-induced alterations of cyclin D1 and c-myc IRES activity in an Akt-dependent manner and provide the first direct link between Akt and the regulation of IRES activity.
Spherulite growth rates in binary polymer blends

Abstract This contribution provides an overview of the current state of art of spherulite growth rate in binary polymer blends. A detailed analysis of the various factors that contribute to increase or decrease the growth rate of spherulites is reported and supported by several examples. The reported results are discussed mainly with regard to miscibility of the components. Below the melting point, blends containing crystallizable polymers are heterogeneous systems, as the components separate from each other during solidification. However, miscibility within the remaining amorphous phase may still be possible and the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the amorphous phase affects the crystallization process.
On the performance projectability of MapReduce

A key challenge faced by users of public clouds today is how to request for the right amount of resources in the production datacenter that satisfies a target performance for a given cloud application. An obvious approach is to develop a performance model for a class of applications such as MapReduce. However, several recent studies have shown that even for the class of well-studied MapReduce jobs, their running times can be seriously affected by numerous external factors ranging from dozen or so configuration parameters, to the physical machine characteristics (CPU, memory, disk, and network bandwidth), to implementation deficiencies such as Java, garbage collection. These factors make direct performance modeling extremely difficult. In this paper, we propose a more practical systematic methodology to solve this problem. Our approach develops a projection model, based on insights into performance bottlenecks of MapReduce jobs and their scaling properties, and parameterized with component running times based on profiling on small clusters with sampled inputs. Evaluation results show our projection model can predict job running times with 2.7% of accuracy when scaling to 32 nodes.
On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapor and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: a perspective

Abstract How eco-physiological, biogeochemical and micrometeorological theory can be used to compute biosphere–atmosphere, trace gas exchange rates is discussed within the framework of a process model. The accuracy of the theory is tested by comparing computations of mass and energy flux densities (water vapor, sensible heat, CO2 and ozone) against eddy covariance measurements over five distinct canopies (wheat, potato and soybean crops and a temperate broad-leaved and a boreal conifer forest). Once tested, the theory is used to evaluate how interactions between climate and vegetation might influence leaf area and photosynthetic capacity and, in turn, alter energy balance partitioning and the transfer rates of CO2 and other trace gases over vegetation canopies. Model parameters, derived from biogeochemical and eco-physiological principles, enabled the model to estimate rates of mass and energy exchange with reasonable fidelity. In particular, the theory reproduced the magnitudes and distinct diurnal patterns associated with mass and energy fluxes over a spectrum of vegetation types. Model sensitivity tests revealed that variations in leaf area index and photosynthetic capacity interacted to increase rates of evaporation and carbon dioxide and pollutant uptake, greatly, and in a curvilinear manner. Finally, we conclude that the assignment of many model parameters according to plant functional type has much potential for use in global and regional scale ecosystem, climate and biogeochemistry models.
Reaction pathways and kinetic modeling for phenol gasification in supercritical water

Abstract Benzene and dibenzofuran form directly from phenol and account for nearly all phenol consumption during its uncatalyzed gasification in supercritical water at 500⿿700 °C. Experiments with dibenzofuran as the starting reactant generated the same array of products⿿typically in comparable quantities⿿as that observed previously with phenol as reactant: H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , 2-phenylphenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, char, biphenyl, benzene, and even phenol. When benzene was the reactant, biphenyl was the main product and some H 2 formed. Information about the reaction pathways obtained from these experiments served as the basis for constructing a kinetic model that describes the reaction rates of phenol and its primary and gaseous products in supercritical water. We report Arrhenius parameters, and we analyze the formation and consumption rates for each species as calculated by the model.
Baroreceptor sensitivity in two-week-old rat pups: effects of nutrient deprivation and sino-aortic denervation.

Resting cardiac rates are reduced 40% by nutrient deprivation in two-week-old rats while arterial pressure is maintained at stable levels. Previous evidence implicated arterial baroreceptors and suggested the hypothesis that the cardiac rate changes result from increased baroreceptor sensitivity following nutrient deprivation. In order to test this hypothesis, cardiac reflex responses were elicited by graded doses of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside before and after nutrient deprivation. Although cardiac rate decelerations in response to phenylephrine were greater in fed pups (p less than 0.05) and acceleration in response to nitroprusside were greater in the deprived condition (p less than 0.01), these could be attributed to 'ceiling' and 'floor' effects of the resting cardiac rates characteristic of the two nutrient conditions. Sino-aortic denervation eliminated cardiac reflex responses, substantiating their dependence on baroreceptor afferents. Regression analysis of cardiac reflex responses to arterial pressure changes failed to show changes in baroreceptor sensitivity that would support the hypothesis. Alternate mechanisms mediating the nutrient effect on cardiac rate (e.g., involving neural and peptide hormonal pathways) should be pursued.
Side-Light on a New York Antifederalist Lawyer

James Neilson, of the Class of 1866, deposited in the Rutgers Library a large collection of manuscript letters and business papers belonging to his family. Among these letters are correspondences among Johm Neilson, Eleazer Knowles and Abraham Lott that give insight into the Federalists and Antifederalist conflicts in a case related to the claimants to an estate of land located south of Albany, New York known as Coeyman's Patent.
The silent pusher

Most concern for drug abuse among drug educators focuses on illicit, youth oriented chemicals such as marijuana and hallucinogens. Even though this is so, we know that a major source of drug abuse stems directly from the prescription pads of medical doctors. Even perfectly justifiable prescriptions for physical and psychical maladies are filled and then used for purposes that damage and destroy human potential. An effort needs to be made in drug education aimed at physicians, working toward dealing with the problem of abuse of over the counter, licit drugs.
The nature and nurture of expertise: a fourth dimension

One formative idea behind the workshop on expertise in Berkeley in August of 2010 was to develop a viable “trading zone” of ideas, which is defined as a location “in which communities with a deep problem of communication manage to communicate” (Collins et al. 2010, p. 8). In the current case, the goal is to have a trading zone between philosophers, sociologists, and psychologists who communicate their ideas on expertise such that productive interdisciplinary collaboration results. In this paper, I review Harry Collins' three-dimensional model of expertise and provide a very brief and non-inclusive overview of a psychological response. In addition, I propose an addendum to the model by adding a fourth—natural talent—dimension.
Living in forest fragments reduces group cohesion in diademed sifakas (Propithecus diadema) in eastern Madagascar by reducing food patch size

Forest fragmentation is thought to threaten primate populations, yet the mechanisms by which this occurs remain largely unknown. However, fragmentation is known to cause dietary shifts in several primate species, and links between food resource distribution and within-group spatial dynamics are well documented. Thus, fragmentation has the potential to indirectly affect spatial dynamics, and these changes may present additional stresses to fragmented populations. I present the results from a 12-month study of Propithecus diadema at Tsinjoarivo, eastern Madagascar, including two groups in fragments and two in continuous forest. Instantaneous data on activity and spatial position were collected during all-day focal animal follows. Fragment groups had much lower cohesion, being more likely to have no neighbor within 5 and 10 m. For continuous forest groups, cohesion was highest in the rainy season (when food patches are large) and lowest in winter (when the animals rely on small-crowned mistletoes), and the chance of having no neighbor within 5 m was positively correlated with mistletoe consumption. Thus their decreased cohesion in fragment groups is inferred to result from their increased reliance on mistletoes and other small resources, which causes them to spread out among multiple patches. This scenario is consistent with the reduced body mass of subordinate individuals (males and immatures) in fragments, and suggests the occurrence of steeper within-group fitness gradients. Further research is necessary to determine whether these patterns apply to other primates; however, since fragmentation tends to cause the loss of the largest trees, many primates in fragments may lose their largest food resources and undergo similar behavioral shifts. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–14, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spinel to defect NiAs structure transformation

Abstract Five ACr 2 S 4 spinels in which A = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn, were heated to various temperatures at 65 kb pressure. For A = Fe and Co, transformation to the monoclinic ordered defect NiAs structure occurred. The Mn and Cu compounds also appeared to transform, but single phases were not obtained. ZnCr 2 S 4 retained the spinel structure even at 1500°C. The FeCr 2 S 4 compound is contrasted with a previously reported preparation at lower pressures.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography-mass spectrometry using a polymerized chiral surfactant.

The coupling of chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) to mass spectrometry (MS) using conventional surfactant [above the critical micelle concentration (cmc)] is very challenging. Preliminary investigation in this laboratory indicates that the use of a chiral polymeric surfactant provides one possible solution to this difficult coupling. This is because of many positive attributes of micelle polymers which include zero cmc, lower surface activity, low volatility, high electrophoretic mobility, and function as a suitable separation medium even at lower concentrations of pseudophases. In this work, the feasibility of using poly(sodium N-undecanoyl-l-valinate (poly-l-SUV) in CMEKC−MS is demonstrated. After CMEKC separation, enantiomers of 1,1‘-binaphthol (BOH) were detected using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) by selected ion monitoring (SIM) in the negative ion mode. Although in the SIM mode ESI-MS parameters (nebulizer pressure, drying gas flow rate, drying gas temperatu...
Replication of M13 single-stranded DNA bearing a site-specific ethenocytosine lesion by Escherichia coil cell extracts

Previous investigation on the mutagenic effects of 3, N4-Ethenocytosine (eC), a nonpairing DNA lesion, revealed the existence of a novel SOS-independent inducible mutagenic mechanism in E. coli termed UVM for UV modulation of mutagenesis. To investigate whether UVM is mediated by an alteration of DNA replication, we have set up an in vitro replication system in which phage M13 viral single-stranded DNA bearing a single site-specific (eC) residue is replicated by soluble protein extracts from E. coli cells. Replication products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and the frequency of translesion synthesis was determined by restriction endonuclease analyses. Our data indicate that DNA replication is strongly inhibited by eC, but that translesion DNA synthesis does occur in about 14% of the replicated DNA molecules. These results are very similar to those observed previously in vivo, and suggest that this experimental system may be suitable for evaluating alterations in DNA replication in UVM-induced cells.
Training University Police in Black-American Nonverbal Behaviors

Summary Empirically derived differences in nonverbal behavior and personal space arrangements between Black- and Anglo-Americans were incorporated into two interview procedures in order to study their effects in the context of a standing police interview. Ss were 30 black male undergraduates. One interview involved the use of several specified nonverbal behaviors and personal space arrangements typical of Black-Americans, the other included behaviors and spatial arrangements typical of Anglo-Americans. The interviews were conducted by two uniformed, Anglo-American university police officers who had been trained and rehearsed in the enactment of both the Black- and Anglo-American styles of interview. Following the interviews, each S was asked to report his preferences for the police officer performing in either the Black- or Anglo-American interview within a personal, social, and professional context. As predicted, black Ss showed a significant preference in all contexts for those interviews in which the p...
Endangered Species, Irreversibility, and Uncertainty: A Reply

The comment by Smith and Krutilla provides an opportunity further to clarify the economic issues which attend public choice concerning endangered species. This clarification is made more necessary by the ambiguity in their discussion of the relationships between the RFF approach and the SMS approach. While my article may have been overly concerned with the similarities of the two approaches, their attempt to differentiate them can only leave the reader confused. I have three goals here. First, I will carefully differentiate the two views of public choice over endangered species. Second, I will illustrate how the work at Resources for the Future (RFF) has contributed to solving the measurement problems which attend the SMS strategy. Finally, I will assess the model presented in their comment.
Behavioral and psychological approaches to the assessment and treatment of chronic pain

This article briefly reviews behavioral and psychologic methods currently used to assess chronic pain patients. Assessment techniques designed to measure pain report, overt behavior patterns, and psychologic functioning are described. A variety of behavioral treatment procedures for chronic pain are also discussed. Treatment techniques can be grouped into two major categories: operant conditioning methods, and self-management strategies. Critical needs for future research are briefly identified.
Toward an understanding of the perpetuation of the agent of tularemia.

The epidemiology of tularemia has influenced, perhaps incorrectly skewed, our views on the ecology of the agent of tularemia. In particular, the central role of lagomorphs needs to be reexamined. Diverse observations, some incidental, and some that are more generally reproducible, have not been synthesized so that the critical elements of the perpetuation of Francisella tularensis can be identified. Developing a quantitative model of the basic reproduction number (BRN) of F. tularensis may require separate treatments for Type A and Type B given the fundamental differences in their ecology.
Characterization of the 5′-sequence of the mouse fatty acid amide hydrolase

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is critical for degradation of several important fatty acid amides including anandamide, an endocannabinoid, as well as oleamide, a sleep-inducing factor. These compounds play roles in diverse physiological processes ranging from memory and learning to the regulation of blood pressure. The mechanisms that regulate FAAH expression have not been characterized. A 5'-region of the mouse FAAH with promoter activity was isolated from 1.8 kbp of genomic sequence. Characterization of +1 of transcription of FAAH by RNA ligase mediated-rapid amplification of cDNA ends showed that FAAH mRNA is transcribed from multiple transcription start sites lacking a TATA-box element. Functional analysis of the FAAH upstream sequence fused to a luciferase reporter gene revealed a FAAH-promoter construct with tissue specific activity. A 674-bp FAAH-promoter construct was active in N18TG2 (N18) neuroblastoma cells and C6 glioma cells, lines that have endogenous FAAH activity. The same 674-bp FAAH-promoter construct was not active in C2C12 or L6 myogenic cells, two lines that do not have FAAH activity.
Survival beyond succession? The contingent impact of founder succession on organizational failure ☆

Abstract Previous research on managerial succession in general and founder succession in particular is inconclusive about whether succession harms or helps organizations. In light of the conflicting findings of previous studies, we adopt a contingent approach to this issue. We focus on three factors—the ideological zeal of an organization's founder, the managerial roles played by founders, and organizational affiliations—that we expect to moderate the relationship between founder succession and organizational performance. We analyze failure by magazines founded in the United States from the industry's inception in 1741 to its maturity at the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. Our analysis shows that ideology is a strong moderator of the relationship between founder succession and organizational failure, and that ideology conditions the impact of managerial roles and organizational affiliations on failure following founder succession.
Multivariable control system synthesis utilizing the generalized inverse of a matrix

By utilizing the concept of the generalized inverse of a matrix, it is possible to obtain more complete multivariable control system design equations than have previously been published. Also, condition equations can define the limitations which must be imposed upon the desired system H' in order to realize a mathematical solution.
Bilingual and Trilingual Codeswitching Between Hungarian, Romanian and English in the Speech of Two Transylvanians Living in North America

Abstract This case study investigates the bilingual and trilingual codeswitching patterns of two multilinguals who grew up in a Hungarian–Romanian two-language family in Transylvania, and whose bilingual codeswitching changed into trilingual codeswitching after they moved to North America. An analysis of the speakers’ discourse reveals the amounts of bilingual and trilingual codeswitching as well as the dynamics and interaction of the three languages used. Using Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame model as the theoretical framework for codeswitching, the different levels of activation of the three languages were analysed. Furthermore, patterns of convergence, divergence and transference were explored. The findings of the study show that a significant amount of the codeswitching of both speakers is trilingual. Differences in patterns between bilingual versus trilingual codeswitching and the different language combinations were found due to the language structure and social and cultural background of the ...
Genome Sequence of a Novel Iflavirus from mRNA Sequencing of the Butterfly Heliconius erato

Here, we report the genome sequence of a novel iflavirus strain recovered from the neotropical butterfly Heliconius erato. The coding DNA sequence (CDS) of the iflavirus genome was 8,895 nucleotides in length, encoding a polyprotein that was 2,965 amino acids long.
High‐strength, high‐modulus fibers from hydrazide polymers and copolymers

A polyhydrazide was prepared from terephthaldihydrazide (TDH) and terephthaloyl chloride (TCl) and copolyhydrazides from oxalicdihydrazide (ODH) and from TCl with a 50:50 molar mixture of ODH and TDH. The 50:50 copolymer gave superior spinning performance and fiber properties and was studied extensively as a candidate for tire cords. The best yarn tensile properties were 21.6 gpd (grams/denier) tenacity, 6% elongation, and 443 gpd modulus. Temperature resistance and creep resistance were good, while the resistance to uv light was only fair. Stability in rubber and adhesion to rubber were good. In radial tires built with equal-strength belts, mileage from tires having the copolymer cord in the belts was equal to that of steel-belted tires.
A Convenient Synthesis of 4-Hydroxybenzofuran-2-One

(1977). A Convenient Synthesis of 4-Hydroxybenzofuran-2-One. Synthetic Communications: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 91-94.
Evolutionary Precedents for Behavioral Actions of Oxytocin and Vasopressina

It is clear that the behavioral actions of oxytocin and vasopressin in mammals are not newly acquired, but have evolutionary antecedents. Injection studies with fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds indicate that AVT can activate certain reproductive behaviors. The strongest evidence that AVT acts centrally to control reproductive behaviors comes from research on T. granulosa. In this amphibian, injections of AVT agonists activate courtship behaviors (amplectic clasping) in males and egg-laying behaviors in females, whereas injections of AVT antagonists inhibit the behaviors. Also, in Taricha males, AVT concentrations in specific brain areas are associated with the expression of courtship behaviors. Several conclusions about steroid-peptide interactions can be drawn, based on research with this amphibian. First, gonadal steroid hormones act to maintain the behavioral actions of AVT in both males and females. In Taricha, gonadectomy abolishes and steroid implants restore AVT-induced courtship in males and egg-laying in females. Second, gonadal steroids maintain the behavioral actions of AVT, in part, by modulating AVT receptor numbers on target neurons. In Taricha males and females, gonadectomy reduces AVT receptor concentrations (but not binding affinity) in certain brain areas (amygdala pars lateralis) and not others. Third, the type of gonadal steroid determines whether AVT elicits male-like or female-like reproductive behaviors. Ovariectomized Taricha females respond to AVT injections with egg-laying behaviors when implanted with estradiol and with male-like amplectic clasping when implanted with dihydrotestosterone. Fourth, the masculinization of AVT-induced behaviors in females most likely reflects site-specific actions of androgens on AVT-synthesizing neurons. In Taricha, AVTir concentrations in the optic tectum are sexually dimorphic (higher in males than females) and reach peak levels in males during the breeding season. Fifth, AVT content in specific brain areas increase as a function of performing the behaviors. In Taricha, AVTir concentrations in DPOA, CSF, and ventral infundibulum are higher in males that exhibit courtship behaviors than in males that do not. These conclusions illustrate how steroid-peptide interactions in the control of behaviors entail multiple neuroanatomical sites and neurochemical actions.
Industry Herding and Momentum

Theoretical models on herd behavior predict that under different assumptions, herding can drive prices away from (or toward) fundamentals and reduce (or enhance) market efficiency. In this article, we study the joint effect of herding and momentum at the industry level. We find that the momentum effect is magnified when there is a low level of investor herding. Herd behavior in investors helps move asset prices toward fundamentals, enhances market efficiency, and reduces the momentum effect. A trading strategy taking a long position in winner industries and a short position in loser industries when the herding level is low can generate significant returns.