cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous and training-induced visual learning in cortical blindness: characteristics and neural substrates

Visual learning has been intensively studied in higher mammals, both during development and in adulthood. What is less clear is the extent and properties such plasticity may acquire following permanent damage to the adult visual system. Answering this question is important. Aside from improving our understanding of visual processing in the absence of an intact visual circuitry, such knowledge is essential for the development of effective therapies to rehabilitate the increasing number of people who suffer the functional consequences of damage at different levels of their visual cortical hierarchy. This review summarizes the known characteristics of visual learning after adult visual cortex damage and begins to dissect some of the neural correlates of this process.
Antacid increases survival of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio vulnificus phage in a gastrointestinal model.

Viable counts of three strains of Vibrio vulnificus and its phage were determined during exposure to a mechanical gastrointestinal model with or without antacid for 9 h at 37°C. V. vulnificus was eliminated (>4-log reduction) within 30 min in the gastric compartment (pH decline from 5.0 to 3.5). Viable V. vulnificus cells delivered from the gastric compartment during the first 30 min of exposure reached 106 to 108 CFU/ml in the intestinal compartment after 9 h (pH 7.0). Phages were eliminated within 45 min in the gastric compartment (pH decline from 5.1 to 2.5). Less than a 2-log reduction of phage was observed in the intestinal compartment after 9 h (pH 7.0). When the gastric compartment contained antacid V. vulnificus counts decreased slightly (<2 log) during 2 h of exposure (pH decline from 7.7 to 6.0), while counts in the intestinal compartment (pH 7.5) reached 107 to 109 CFU/ml. Phage numbers decreased 1 log after 2 h in the gastric compartment (pH decline from 7.7 to 5.7) containing antacid and decreased 1 log in the intestinal compartment (pH 7.6) after 9 h. Presence of antacid in the gastric compartment of the model greatly increased the ability of both V. vulnificus and its phage to survive simulated gastrointestinal transit and may be a factor involved with oyster-associated illness.
Use of hypertonic urea solution as the method of choice for midtrimester abortion.

Induction of a midtrimester abortion with hypertonic urea in a 15-year-old patient with chronic membranous glomerulonephritis is described. Careful monitoring of excretory functions after urea injection revealed no potentially dangerous physiologic changes. Because of the relatively few complication
Fire severity and cumulative disturbance effects in the post-mountain pine beetle lodgepole pine forests of the Pole Creek Fire

Abstract Recent large scale mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, MPB) outbreaks have created concern regarding increased fuel loadings and exacerbated fire behavior and have prompted a desire to understand the effects of sequential disturbances on the landscape. However, previous research has focused on quantifying fuel loadings and using operational fire behavior models, rather than direct field measurements, to understand changes in fire severity following MPB. The 2012 Pole Creek Fire in central Oregon partially occurred in gray stage (8–15 years post-MPB epidemic) lodgepole pine forests. We examined the combined effects of MPB and fire disturbances on stand structure, and investigated the influence of previous MPB severity and fire weather on subsequent fire severity and cumulative disturbance severity. We randomly selected and installed 52 plots over a gradient of MPB and fire severity combinations and measured stand structure and fire severity characteristics. Fire severity metrics representing both crown and surface fire decreased with increased MPB severity under extreme burning conditions, following expected trends for crown fire severity, but not surface fire severity. Cumulative basal area mortality increased with MPB severity under moderate burning conditions, while other cumulative disturbance severity metrics were unrelated or weakly related to MPB severity. High severity crown fire was common despite hypothesized low canopy fuel loadings during the gray stage, indicating the importance of understanding variable mortality density of MPB outbreaks. Although long-term studies are needed to understand ecosystem recovery trajectories over time, there was no indication that a loss of ecosystem resilience occurred as a result of two sequential disturbances in this landscape.
The Rise of the American Adversary System: America before England

The standard versions of the adversary system's development show that as more lawyers participated in English criminal trials in eighteenth century England criminal procedure became increasingly adversary. Those versions largely ignore American history which shows that the colonies and early America did not simply adopt the English adversary system but moved to an adversary system in advance of England. This article discusses data and developments indicating America's early adoption of an adversary system, including the American guarantee of a right of counsel, the routine presence of counsel in criminal cases in the colonies and the new United States, the American innovation of a public prosecutor, the American development of the modern rationale for the hearsay rule, and examples of early American adversary trials. The rise of the American adversary system in advance of England's has constitutional significance. Key components of the adversary system are constitutionalized in the Sixth Amendment. If those constitutional provisions are to be interpreted by the Framers' original intentions, and if America moved to an adversary system in advance of England, then the American history must be analyzed to understand those Sixth Amendment rights. The Supreme Court has not been doing this analysis.
Carbonic anhydrase activity in fetal and young rhesus monkeys.

SummaryMaturation of carbonic anhydrase activity has been investigated in erythrocytes, gastric mucosa, kidney cortex, pancreas and lung tissues of the rhesus monkeys from 70 days of gestation to one year of age. Activity of brain tissue (cortical gray matter) was also assayed in the older animals. Significant maturation of activity in erythrocytes, gastric mucosa and renal cortex was noted during the investigation. Definite activity seemed present in fetal lung and pancreas, but values in the one year animals were minimal as were cerebral gray matter activities at one year. These results are in general agreement with reported studies in the human fetus and infant.
Geodesic Universal Molecules

The first phase of TreeMaker, a well-known method for origami design, decomposes a planar polygon (the “paper”) into regions. If some region is not convex, TreeMaker indicates it with an error message and stops. Otherwise, a second phases is invoked which computes a crease pattern called a “universal molecule”. In this paper we introduce and study geodesic universal molecules, which also work with non-convex polygons and thus extend the applicability of the TreeMaker method. We characterize the family of disk-like surfaces, crease patterns and folded states produced by our generalized algorithm. They include non-convex polygons drawn on the surface of an intrinsically flat piecewise-linear surface which have self-overlap when laid open flat, as well as surfaces with negative curvature at a boundary vertex.
Joint Action of Two Pyrethroids with Methyl-Parathion, Methomyl, and Chlorpyrifos on Heliothis zea and H. virescens in the Laboratory and in Cotton and Sweetcorn

Joint toxicity of 2 photostable pyrethroids with selected organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was evaluated on the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.). The 2 pyrethroids were permethrin (5-benzyl-3-furyl methyl 2, 2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl) cyclopropane-carboxylate) and Pydrin® (benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)-cyana (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester). Synergism of certain mixtures was indicated in topical experiments, especially with methyl-parathion: permethrin (10:1) on H. virescens . Potentiation of methyl-parathion: permethrin (9:1) also was suggested on H. zea , but not with methyl-parathion: Pydrin (9:1). However, efficacy of methomyl on H. zea was potentiated by both permethrin and Pydrin. Two years of tests in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and sweetcorn, Zea mays L., verified the improved toxicity of pyrethroid mixtures with methyl-parathion. methomyl, and chlorpyrifos. In certain cases, these mixtures were effective at rates reduced to 0.1× the normal dosages.
68 THE EFFECT OF ACIDOSIS AND HYPERKALEMIA ON THE IKr BLOCKING ACTION OF ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS.

Regional myocardial acidosis resulting from the impaired coronary blood flow has been observed in both animal models and in man. The ischemic myocardium also releases potassium into the extracellular space, which can cause regional hyperkalemia. Antiarrhythmic agents are frequently prescribed for patients with ischemic heart disease and regional changes in pH and potassium may alter the effect of these agents. In this study, we evaluated the effect of extracellular acidosis and hyperkalemia on the action of IKr blocking antiarrhythmic drug-quinidine (Q). The IKr channel was studied at room temperature by employing human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) expressed in Xenopus oocytes and two-electrode voltage clamp technique was employed for recording. The pH of the recording bath solution was adjusted with NaOH to 6.8 or 7.4 and the recording bath solutions contained either 5 or 7.5 mmol/L KCl (5 or 7.5 K). The recording solution with 5 K, pH 7.4 represented the normal condition and 7.5 K, pH 6.8 represented acidic and hyperkalemic conditions. Q 3, 10, and 30 μM when applied at 5 K, pH 7.4 inhibited current by 17 ± 3, 39 ± 3, and 63 ± 4%. The percentage current block by Q at 7.5 K, pH 7.4 was similar to current block at 5 K, pH 7.4. Q at 7.5 K, pH 7.4 decreased HERG current by 18 ± 1, 42 ± 3, and 65 x3%. But if Q was applied at 5 K, pH 6.8, the HERG inhibitory effect of Q was decreased, and 3, 10, and 30 μM Q produced 8 ± 2, 24 ± 3, and 50 ± 4% current block. Q 3, 10, 30 μM administered in acidic and hyperkalemic condition (7.5 K, pH 6.8) caused 13 ± 2, 25 ± 2, and 47 ± 2% current inhibition, which was similar to the inhibitory effect of Q at 5 K, pH 6.8. There was a significant difference in current block by Q between 5 K, pH 7.4 and 5 K, pH 6.8, and there was also a significant difference in current inhibition by Q between 5 K, pH 7.4 and 7.5 K, pH 6.8 (p
Study the Control Effection of Bioindicator

Objective To observe the effect of the Bacillus stearothermophilus(ATCC7953) bioindicator.Methods According to the GB15981-1995,to control the high-pressure steam sterilization by the Bacillus stearothermophilus bioindicators and Chemical Indicator Cards.Results Bioindicator packed by a paper bag has a better control effection than packed by other materials.It is the high conformity result of contrasting bioindicator with chemical indicator cards on the high pressure steam sterilization.Conclusion Bacillus stearothermophilus(ATCC7953) bioindicator is an ideal、scientific and practical method for effective control of the high pressure steam sterilization.
A Novel Method for Determining the Kinetics of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Plasma Membrane Expression

A new approach for characterizing the plasma membrane delivery of G protein-coupled receptors is described in this chapter. This approach uses an existing technology, the regulated secretion/aggregation technology (RPDTM), to cause the accumulation of G protein-coupled receptors in the ER of cells. The trafficking of accumulated receptor from the ER to the plasma membrane of cells can be initiated by a small, membrane permeable ligand. The plasma membrane delivery of receptors can be monitored using radioligand binding or microscopy or both techniques. Using this new approach it should be possible to determine the rate of plasma membrane delivery of a broad range of G protein-coupled receptors and thus facilitate learning more about their anterograde trafficking mechanisms.
Antiretroviral initiation is associated with increased skeletal muscle area and fat content.

OBJECTIVE A greater burden of physical function impairment occurs in HIV-infected adults; the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on muscle density (less dense = more fat), a measure of muscle quality, is unknown. DESIGN AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5260s, a cardiometabolic substudy of A5257, randomized HIV-infected, ART-naive adults to ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, darunavir, or raltegravir with tenofovir/emtricitabine backbone. Single-slice abdominal computed tomography scans from baseline and week 96 were reanalyzed for total and lean muscle area and density. METHODS Two-sample t-tests described the differences between baseline and week 96 variables. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the role of a priori identified variables and potential confounders. RESULTS Participants (n = 235) were mostly men (90%); 31% were Black non-Hispanic; 21% were Hispanic. Over 96 weeks, small but significant increases were seen in oblique/transverse abdominal, rectus, and psoas muscle total area (range 0.21-0.83 cm; P < 0.05) but not the lean muscle component (all P ≥ 0.33). Significant decreases in overall density, consistent with increases in fat, were seen in all muscle groups (range -0.87 to -2.4 HU; P < 0.01); for the lean muscle component, only decreases in oblique/transverse abdominal and rectus reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). In multivariable analyses, Black race was associated with increased muscle density and female sex with decreased density; treatment arm was not associated with changes in mass or density. CONCLUSION The ART-associated increase in muscle area, regardless of regimen, is likely a reflection of increased fat within the muscle. The consequences of fatty infiltration of muscle on subsequent muscle function require further investigation.
Analyzing the dependence of global cloud feedback on the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature change with a Green's function approach

The spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) changes has a large impact on the magnitude of cloud feedback. In this study, we seek a basic understanding of the dependence of cloud feedback on the spatial pattern of warming. Idealized experiments are carried out with an AGCM to calculate the change in global mean cloud-induced radiation anomalies (ΔRcloud) in response to imposed surface warming/cooling in 74 individual localized oceanic “patches”. Then the cloud feedback in response to a specific warming pattern can be approximated as the superposition of global cloud feedback in response to a temperature change in each region, weighted by the magnitude of the local temperature changes. When there is a warming in the tropical subsidence or extratropical regions, the local decrease of LCC results in a positive change in Rcloud. Conversely, warming in tropical ascent regions increases the free-tropospheric temperature throughout the tropics, thereby enhancing the inversion strength over remote regions and inducing positive global low cloud cover (LCC) anomalies and negative Rcloud anomalies. The Green's function approach performs reasonably well in predicting the response of global mean ΔLCC and net ΔRcloud, but poorly for shortwave and longwave components of ΔRcloud due to its ineffectiveness in predicting middle and high cloud cover changes. The approach successfully captures the change of cloud feedback in response to time-evolving CO2-induced warming, and captures the interannual variations in ΔRcloud observed by CERES. The results highlight important non-local influences of SST changes on cloud feedback.
Preventable Surgical Harm in Gynecologic Oncology: Optimizing Quality and Patient Safety

Preventable medical adverse events are a leading cause of death in the USA. The most common adverse events include medication errors, perioperative complications, venous thromboembolism, infection, and readmission. Patients requiring care with a gynecologic oncologist are at increased risk for all of these adverse events, which are both clinically undesirable and now also represent targets for reduced hospital reimbursement. The goal of this review is to identify areas of preventable harm that occur in the perioperative period on a gynecologic oncology service and identify mechanisms to minimize harm. Recognizing that gynecologic oncology surgical patients often present with advanced age, medical comorbidities, obesity, and diagnoses requiring radical procedures involving multi-organ resection, they are particularly at risk for perioperative complications, some preventable. Recent studies have examined evidence-based methods for minimizing many areas of preventable harm in gynecologic oncology surgical patients. Multiple studies have implemented bundles of care to successfully decrease surgical site infections. New data on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) specifically in gynecologic oncology patients guide recommendations for perioperative and extended VTE prophylaxis. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs explore a multitude of factors, many in a bundle format, to minimize overall perioperative complications and decrease length of stay. Additionally, new data are available on rates of hospital readmissions and risk factors for readmission. There is already a wealth of information available regarding incidence of complications in gynecologic oncology surgical patients. Fortunately, there is a shift in the USA toward recognizing patient risk factors and implementing interventions to decrease the rate of preventable adverse events.
Tuning the Activity of Heterogeneous Cofacial Cobalt Porphyrins for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis through Self-Assembly

We report a suite of coordination-driven self-assembled prisms for heterogeneous electrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR) differing in the molecular clips linking two porphyrin faces in a cofacial arrangement. ORR activities and selectivities of monomeric CoTPyP along with cofacial prisms Ox-Co, Oxa-Co, and Benzo-Co were probed using cyclic voltammetry and rotating ring-disk techniques. All species were immobilized as heterogeneous catalysts on glassy carbon electrodes using a Nafion ink method. The selectivities of Ox-Co, Oxa-Co, and Benzo-Co prisms towards H2 O as determined by RRDE were 87, 97, and 75 %, respectively. The current density of the Oxa-Co plateaus at five times that of Pt/C when normalized per Co/Pt. The high synthetic yield (79 %), competitive overpotential (η ≈800 mV) and high selectivity (%H2 O ≈97 %) of the Oxa-Co highlights how self-assembly can be used to address multi-electron multi-proton transformations using polynuclear catalysts.
An Estuarine Low Temperature Fish Kill in Mississippi, with Remarks on Restricted Necropsies

In January 1973, large numbers of Mugil cephalus (striped mullet), weighing approximately 250 gm each, died in two freshwater localities in tidewater bayous of Jackson County, Mississippi. Fish identified as Mugil curema, M. cephalus, Megalops atlantica, Dormitator maculatus, and Fundulus grandis were found dead in other low saline estuarine areas. Fish-kills during cold periods are less commonly encountered in Mississippi than in Texas or Florida. This particular incident is attributed to conditions of stress for fishes incompletely acclimated to the encountered low temperatures. The most deleterious stress was the low saline water which probably allowed a breakdown in the fishes’ ion-osmoregulatory mechanisms. Striped mullet and other euryhaline fishes in salinities greater than 6 ppt survived, as did freshwater centrarchids and ictalurids in areas with dying mullet. Other stresses thought to contribute to the weakening of striped mullet in Paige Bayou during the period of rapidly decreasing temperatures include starvation and high levels of pesticide residues. In examined fish, the alimentary tracts were devoid of food, the gall bladders were distended and leaking bile, the livers contained excess lipid material and were often stained throughout with bile pigments, and the levels of DDT metabolites and endrin residues in the liver were higher than in control fish. Stress caused by low levels of dissolved oxygen, toxic substances in the water, or disease was discounted as a cause of death.
Time Delay Statistics of Photoelectric Emissions: An Experimental Test of Classical Radiation Theory

For many years the photoelectric effect has been taken to provide evidence for the quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation. However, as has been pointed out from time to time[1–3], if the electromagnetic field is treated as a classical, c-number perturbation acting on the bound electron, essentially the same conclusions can be reached as by quantum electrodynamics. For example, photoemission takes place only when the frequency ω is high enough for ℏω to exceed the work function W of the electrons, $$\hbar {\rm{\omega }} > {\rm{W,}}$$ (1) and the probability of photoemission at time t is proportional to the expectation value of the light intensity I(t) at time t, $$_{{\text{at time t within }}\Delta {\text{t}} = {\text{constant x }}\Delta {\text{t}}{\text{.}}}^{{\text{photoemission probability}}}$$ (2)
Is There an App for That? Connecting Local Knowledge with Scientific Literacy

Mobile digital technologies, including laptops, tablet PCs, and smartphones, are used increasingly for communication, social networking, navigation, research, and documenting everyday life events. Thousands of application software (i.e., Apps) can be downloaded on electronic devices to assist in performing specific tasks such as cooking, birding, blazing a trail, sailing, recording music, and so forth. An important challenge for educators is to explore ways for enhancing classroom instruction, student learning, and achievement through these technologies. In the field of environmental education, there is a trend towards connecting local community knowledge with scientific literacy. Is there an App for that? This chapter explores environmental education projects that employ the use of emerging digital technologies and software applications to help students from diverse cultures connect local knowledge and practices with scientific literacy. After discussing the goal of achieving scientific literacy for all students in the K-12 schools, place-based education projects as part of the GLOBE Program and other projects in Africa and Thailand are discussed to demonstrate how digital technologies can be used to facilitate science learning, curriculum development, and authentic assessment.
Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a constitutively expressed rat liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Aldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme expressed in nearly all mammalian tissues and subcellular organelles. Rat liver contains multiple isoforms of ALDH, including the following for which cDNAs have been cloned: phenobarbital (PB)inducible cytosolic ALDHI (Dunn et al., 1989), mitochondrial ALDH2 (Farres et al., 1989), microsomal ALDH3 (Miyauchi et al., 1991), and tumor-associated cytosolic ALDH3 (Jones et al., 1988). However, a constitutively expressed rat liver cytosolic ALDHI has been difficult to characterize based on confusion in the literature as to whether or not this ALDH isoform even exists (Tottmar, et al., 1973; Lindahl and Evces, 1984; Berger and Weiner, 1977; Tank et al., 1981; Truesdale-Mahoney et al., 1981; Cao et al., 1989). In order to study and characterize this ALDHI isoform, we have cloned and expressed a cDNA encoding a rat liver constitutively expressed cytosolic ALDHI.
Dialogue on Private Property

Jus t in ian puts the ru le i n the language of natural reason-following Aristotle 's d i s t inc t ion between the natural , wh ich is everywhere the same, and the art i f icial or convent ional , wh ich varies f rom place to place and from t ime to time. Perhaps the word "na tura l " is especially applicable here to a ru le that is appl ied by monkeys, wolves, or dogs as we l l as by humans. B u t even though we don't use the language of Jus t in ian today, I wonder i f we don' t say the same th ing i n other terms.*
Predicting Who Will Develop Alzheimer’s Disease

Despite several decades of remarkable progress in research, Alzheimer’s disease remains the most frequent cause of dementia and one of the most disabling diseases among the elderly. Traditionally, the definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease has been reserved for the postmortem examination. A general loss of neurons, the deposition of β-amyloid in the form of dense plaques with neuritic elements and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles that contain intraneuronal paired helical filaments composed of an abnormally phosphorylated tau protein are the defining morphological characteristics of this disease. However, recently it has become evident that the clinical diagnosis is remarkably accurate (Burns et al. 1990; Wade et al. 1987; Risse et al. 1990; Gearing et al. 1995); evident that the clinical diagnosis is remarkably accurate the antemortem diagnosis is correct 90% of the time (Mayeux et al. 1998). A decline in memory and the loss of other cognitive skills in an elderly individual without other medical or psychiatric illness usually lead to a clinical assessment in which the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is considered.
Redefining the Gothic Child: An Educational Experiment?

Scholars often view Ann Radcliffe (1764–1823) as ‘The Great Enchantress’ whose novels helped to establish and develop the Gothic mode. As for her private life and beliefs, biographers and critics alike agree that while there is a scarcity of information, it is generally believed that Radcliffe was taught at a female school by Sophia Lee (1750–1824), author of the Gothic novel The Recess (1785), and her sister Harriet Lee (1757–1851), both of whom were actively involved in the instruction of children. Radcliffe was known to be a recluse in her adult life. Nevertheless, I argue that she actively participated in the 1790s debates concerning what constituted a proper female education through her writing and employed the Gothic mode as a way of transforming her child characters, including those in adolescence, through their pedagogical upbringing. While I discuss multiple texts, I focus on Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794), which is representative of how women writers during this time used depictions of children as ways of exploring various educational theories.
Ground Validation of Surface Snowfall Algorithm in GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar

AbstractExtensive evaluations have been performed on the dual-frequency classification module in the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) level-2 algorithm. B...
Practice and Discovery: Starting With the Hundred Board.

.Hundred boards are devices that can be used to assist in the learning and reinforcement of such mathematical ideas as multiples, factors, primes, composites, and checks for divisibility. Both the level of the experience and the mathematical generalizations that may be formulated depend on the mathematical maturity of the students. The activities described here have been used in college classes in elementary methods. If prospective teachers can be involved with the types of mathematical experiences that are appropriate in the elementary school, it follows that they will be better able to provide similar types of experiences in their own classroom. A hundred board can be constructed
The Operation of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) in Central Asia.

The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) was founded in 1967 by Aga Khan 4, the spiritual leader of the Shi’i Imami Nizari Ismaili Muslims. Guided by the Islamic ethics of helping the needy, the AKDN seeks to improve the quality of life of the poor in 30 countries. While inspired by faith, the organizations of the AKDN are secular in nature and reject any kind of proselytization. The AKDN has been present in Central Asia since early 1990’s where it manages concerted and integrated developmental programs to attain economic, social and cultural development. Operating in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, the AKDN has been striving to create projects that will enable the local population to attain self-reliance and develop their conditions of living. The work of the AKDN in Central Asia ranges from finance, tourism, agriculture, infrastructure, education, healthcare and habitat, to music initiatives and renovation of historical sites. The AKDN stresses the importance of multidimensional approach to development with the goal of making the local population masters of their own destiny. It embodies hope and support for the poor in the region which is known for entrenched poverty and lack of stability in some specific cases.
The influence of objects on creativity

This study is an examination of how objects can influence creativity. Through a qualitative inquiry involving 22 consumers, the study sheds light on how objects can inform, inspire, and facilitate creativity. Specifically, the findings show that objects can physically inform and facilitate the creative process because of their material properties (i.e., colors, densities, masses, lengths, and shapes) and their embeddedness in object–human interaction networks. Although object agency is initially latent and located in the materiality of objects, it is unlocked during object–human interactions, ultimately enhancing creativity. The findings highlight an overlooked role of objects in creative processes. Further, this study contributes to the existing corpus of creativity research, which attributes creativity mostly to human agency, as rooted in human personality, human social systems, and human collaborations. The study also extends and supports object agency and service‐dominant logic discourses.
Effect of tip size and experimental conditions on nano-scale friction testing:

Assessment of nano-tribological properties (friction and wear) on polymer surface helps to understand their scratch, mar and wear properties. More polymers are used now for automotive, electronics,...
In vivo Calcium Imaging Reveals Disordered Interictal Network Dynamics in Epileptic stxbp1b Zebrafish

Mutations in STXBP1, encoding a presynaptic protein MUNC18-1, are associated with encephalopathy, developmental delay, intellectual disability and epilepsy. While neural networks are known to operate at a critical state in a healthy brain, network behavior during pathological epileptic states remains unclear. Examining activity in an epileptic brain, during periods between well-characterized hyper-synchronized ictal seizure events (i.e., interictal period), could provide a valuable step towards our overall understanding of networks that participate in generation of epileptic seizures. To study these networks in the context of STXBP1 mutations, we combine a larval zebrafish model of epilepsy with in vivo fast confocal calcium imaging and extracellular local field potential recordings to map network dynamics during interictal periods. We show that stxbp1b mutant larvae display transient periods of elevated activity among local clusters of interacting neurons. These events, termed network “cascades” were significantly larger in size and duration in mutant larvae. At meso-scale resolution, cascades exhibit neurodevelopmental abnormalities in stxbp1b mutants and were sensitive to gap junction blockers. We also describe spontaneous hyper-synchronized neuronal ensembles at single-cell scale in these mutants. Our observation that fast calcium imaging can reveal a uniquely disordered brain state during periods between pathological seizure events is striking and represents a potential interictal biomarker.
Examining and Modulating Neural Circuits in Psychiatric Disorders With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography: Present Practices and Future Developments

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique uniquely equipped to both examine and modulate neural systems and related cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. As an examination tool, TMS can be used in combination with EEG (TMS-EEG) to elucidate directly, objectively, and noninvasively the intrinsic properties of a specific cortical region, including excitation, inhibition, reactivity, and oscillatory activity, irrespective of the individual's conscious effort. Additionally, when applied in repetitive patterns, TMS has been shown to modulate brain networks in healthy individuals, as well as ameliorate symptoms in individuals with psychiatric disorders. The key role of TMS in assessing and modulating neural dysfunctions and associated clinical and cognitive deficits in psychiatric populations is therefore becoming increasingly evident. In this article, the authors review TMS-EEG studies in schizophrenia and mood disorders, as most TMS-EEG studies to date have focused on individuals with these disorders. The authors present the evidence on the efficacy of repetitive TMS (rTMS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS), when targeting specific cortical areas, in modulating neural circuits and ameliorating symptoms and abnormal behaviors in individuals with psychiatric disorders, especially when informed by resting-state and task-related neuroimaging measures. Examples of how the combination of TMS-EEG assessments and rTMS and TBS paradigms can be utilized to both characterize and modulate neural circuit alterations in individuals with psychiatric disorders are also provided. This approach, along with the evaluation of the behavioral effects of TMS-related neuromodulation, has the potential to lead to the development of more effective and personalized interventions for individuals with psychiatric disorders.
Double-chambered right ventricle in adults: Invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic considerations

Abstract Background Data on the features of double-chambered right ventricular (DCRV) in adults are limited. It is also unclear how invasive and Doppler-derived assessments of right ventricular (RV) obstruction in DCRV correlate. Methods Retrospective review of 17 adults (age ≥18 years) diagnosed with DCRV who underwent right heart catheterization at Mayo Clinic, MN between 1990 and 2021. Clinical, echocardiographic, and invasive hemodynamics were abstracted from the medical charts. Results Mean age was 44 ± 19 years and 7 (41%) patients were female. Two patients (12%) had undergone prior surgical repair of DCRV with ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure and had residual/recurrent obstruction; a VSD had been previously documented in 16 patients (94%). RV inflow to pulmonary artery systolic gradient at catheterization was 42 (19; 95) mmHg. The correlation coefficient between RV inflow to pulmonary artery systolic gradients and Doppler-derived peak gradients was 0.87 (p Conclusion Significant discrepancy between non-simultaneous echo-derived and invasively measured intracavitary RV gradients was seen in adults with DCRV. There was no correlation between the degree of RV obstruction and symptoms/functional capacity.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection

### What you need to know Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a common congenital infection, affecting one in every 100-200 live births globally.1 Long term neurodevelopmental sequelae occur in a quarter of children affected. This article provides a clinical update of the literature on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and anticipatory management of infants and children with cCMV. Recommendations from the 2015 European Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) Expert Consensus Group (largely based on expert opinion) are presented along with more recent literature relevant to the general practitioner.2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause self-limited generalised symptoms such as fatigue and lymphadenopathy in most healthy individuals, including pregnant people.3 cCMV infection occurs when CMV transplacentally infects a developing fetus. The virus can cause damage to the placenta, and replicate in fetal central nervous system (CNS) cells, which may result in disrupted fetal development, miscarriage, or intrauterine fetal demise.4 Neonates with cCMV may experience a wide range of signs, symptoms, and long term sequelae (fig 1), although most experience no recognisable signs or symptoms.3 Fig 1 Expected incidence of disease manifestations and developmental outcomes of infants with congenital cytomegalovirus demonstrated in 1000 hypothetical infants born with congenital cytomegalovirus Neonates born with …
Health Empowerment in Older Adult Informal Caregivers

Abstract Background The need to support informal caregivers is among the most overlooked challenges facing the aging population, their families, and society. Understanding the experience of well-being and resources contributing to well-being among older caregivers is essential. Objective The purpose of this research was to explore personal strengths, social contextual resources, and the power to choose and pursue valued objectives central to well-being among older caregivers. This research was theoretically informed by the Health Empowerment Theory. Methods Qualitative descriptive design addressed research objectives. Purposive sampling included recruitment and interviews with twenty-one older adult caregivers. Qualitative content analysis identified distinct categories and themes of meaning and supported trustworthiness. Results Categories supported and extended Health Empowerment Theory among older caregivers, reflecting unique strengths, resources, and growth consistent with valued objectives, fostering well-being. Discussion Findings further understanding of the ways in which caregivers move toward well-being within the context of complexity and change.
Concomitant Cannabis Misuse and Associations with Depression, Pain and Substance Misuse among Patients Prescribed Opioids.

Background: Cannabis use is common among individuals with pain who are prescribed opioids, occurring in approximately 10% of this population. This study aims to explore the relationship between non-medical cannabis use and other health risks among individuals filling opioids at community pharmacies. Methods: This study was an exploratory secondary data analysis of a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN)-sponsored study, Validation of a Community Pharmacy-Based Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Risk Screening, examining the relationship between risky cannabis use and depressive symptoms, pain, overdose, and other substance misuse among individuals filling opioid prescriptions in community pharmacies (N = 1440). Results: Participants reporting moderate- to high-risk compared to low-risk cannabis use were more likely to report depressive symptoms (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11–2.56), history of overdose (adjusted OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.34–3.44), and moderate- to high-risk use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.28–3.45), opioids (adjusted OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.67–3.76), sedatives (adjusted OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.72–3.86), stimulants (adjusted OR = 4.79, 95% CI = 2.83–8.01), and tobacco (adjusted OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 2.47–5.24). Conclusions: Community pharmacies may be valuable sites for identifying, studying, and intervening with substance use problems.
Attosecond Intramolecular Scattering and Vibronic Delays.

We study the temporal and vibrational signature of the universal nuclear recoil associated with the electron emission and intramolecular scattering that accompanies the photoelectric effect. We illustrate these phenomena in the photoionization of the CO molecule from the $\mathrm{C}\ensuremath{-}1s$ orbital using an analytical model that reproduces the entangled character of the nuclear and electronic motion in this process. We show that the photoelectron emission delay can be decomposed into its localization and resonant-confinement components. Photoionization by a broadband x-ray pulse results in a coherent vibrational ionic state delayed compared to the classical sudden-photoemission limit.
Transcarboxylase VII. EXCHANGE REACTIONS AND KINETICS OF OXALATE INHIBITION

Transcarboxylase catalyzes exchange between 14C-propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA, and also between 14C-pyruvate and oxalacetate. The presence of these exchange reactions is consistent with both a standard ping-pong reaction mechanism and the hybrid ping-pong reaction mechanism proposed for transcarboxylase. An analogue of pyruvate, 2-ketobutyrate, causes inhibition of pyruvate-oxalacetate exchange and stimulation of propionyl-CoA:methylmalonyl-CoA exchange. Oxalate, an analogue of oxalacetate, causes inhibition of both exchange reactions. In addition, oxalate inhibition results in an unusual set of kinetic patterns when studied as a function of all substrates in the forward and reverse direction of the complete reaction. These findings are inconsistent with a standard ping-pong reaction mechanism but can be explained by a hybrid ping-pong mechanism if it is assumed (a) that there are dual sites for the ring of biotin which are located adjacent to the two substrates sites, responsible for the two exchange reactions, and (b) that the presence of either 2-ketobutyrate or oxalate alters the rate of the migration of biotin between its dual sites.
Effect of Catalyst Preparation on Catalytic Activity: VI. Chemical Structures on Nickel/Alumina Catalysts: their Impact on the Rate-Determining Step in the Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide

Titration of the carbon pool subsequent to steady-state reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in conjunction with temperature-programmed surface reaction studies has been performed to assess the impact of nickel speciation on the rate-determining step in the methanation reaction. Mass balances for the desorption products reveal significant differences that depend on the weight loading of the catalyst. Low-weight loading catalysts prepared by incipient wetness consist of NiAl2O4 reactive centers as revealed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and carbon monoxide temperature-programmed reaction experiments. Data are presented which support the hypothesis the rate of methanation is controlled by the rate of surface-bound carbon monoxide dissociation over the catalysts. On the other hand, high-weight loading catalysts prepared by this method consist of “particle-like” nickel. Over these catalysts, the rate of methanation is found to be controlled by the rate of hydrogenation of CHx. It is proposed that variation in catalyst preparation procedures can account for the wide-spread controversy in the determination of rate-determining step for methanation over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts.
Data Ensemles in Orca C

This paper describes Orca C, the first language built on the Phase Abstractions programming model. The focus is on the syntax and semantics of the data ensembles, a parallel data structuring facility to support machine-independent parallel programs. These features are compared with the data decomposition capabilities of other parallel languages, including Fortran D, Vienna Fortran, and Kali.
Fermi-level tuning in Y1-xUxPd3.

The $5f$-electron photoemission peak 1 eV below the Fermi energy ${E}_{F}$ in U${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$ is generally assigned as a $5{f}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{f}^{1}$ transition, consistent with other evidence of a stable ${\mathrm{U}}^{4+}$ valence state. We report resonant photoemission spectra for the system ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{U}}_{x}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$ which show that the peak narrows and shifts to the Fermi level as $x$ decreases from 1. We hypothesize that the shift arises from a decrease in the Fermi energy as ${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$ replaces ${\mathrm{U}}^{4+}$, and therefore expect interesting changes in transport properties as ${E}_{F}$ is tuned in this way.
Human Somatic Cell Gene Targeting

Human somatic cell gene targeting provides a powerful tool to scientists studying gene function in cultured human cells. This technology allows scientists to knock out genes in human somatic cells in a fashion analogous to the creation of knockout mice. Human somatic cell gene targeting brings the power of genetics to the study of human genes in human cells by making it possible to compare cells or individuals that are genetically identical except for a single, well-defined mutation in an endogenous gene. These modified cells can be studied both in vitro and in vivo. This unit presents protocols for human somatic cell gene targeting.
Reproductive Rights and Informed Consent: Toward a More Inclusive Discourse

In the past 2 years, a record number of abortion restrictions have been proposed and enacted in the United States. Such restrictions include parental notification and consent laws, mandatory waiting periods, preabortion counseling, sonogram requirements, and restrictions on late-term abortions. These restrictions are often positioned in the language of informed consent with legislators and policymakers asserting that women regret abortions, are physically and psychologically harmed by them, and are advantaged by continuing their pregnancies to term. In this paper, I position these restrictions, as well as ideas about parenting, within a framework of pronatalism, an ideology that venerates parenting as normative and desirable, and generally disparages other choices surrounding reproductive choices, particularly for women. Research about the incidence and impact of abortion on women's lives, as well as the physiological, psychological, financial, and other effects of pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting on adults’ well-being, is presented. Myths pertaining to abortion and parenting are explored. Recommendations for psychologists conclude the article.
Networking Strategies For Professional Women

This article deals with the concept of networking as one means of obtaining positions of power with the ability to influence others. A strategy of networking is discussed for individuals seeking advancement in their careers, with a primary focus on women, so that they may position themselves to realize their potential as managers expeditiously through their day to day job performance or obliquely through out their careers. The results of a field survey of successful networking strategies for career women are discussed.
Epigenetic control of skeletal muscle fibre type

Adult muscle is extremely plastic. However, the muscle precursor cells associated with those fibres show stable and heritable differences in gene expression indicative of epigenetic imprinting. Epigenetic processes in the development of skeletal muscle have been appreciated for over a decade; however, there are a paucity of studies looking at whether epigenetics determines the phenotype of adult and/or ageing skeletal muscle. This review presents the evidence that epigenetics plays a role in determining adult muscle function and a series of unanswered questions that would greatly increase our understanding of how epigenetics works in adult muscle. With the increased interest in epigenetics, over the next few years this field will begin to unfold in unimaginable directions.
Effects of Food Restriction on Cardiac Output and Blood Flow to the Uterus and Placenta in the Pregnant Rat

Cardiac output and blood flow to the uterus, ovary and placenta were determined at day 21 of gestation in rats fed ad libitum a standard diet or 50% of control intake from day 5 of gestation. Restricted rats had lower body weights, smaller fetuses and placentas and a marked reduction in blood flow to ovary and placenta but not to endometrium and myometrium. These animals also had a marked reduction in cardiac output. However, the percent distribution of cardiac output in the whole uterus, ovary and placenta was similar in control and restricted rats. Results suggest that food restriction decreases expansion in uterine and placental blood flow by interfering with the expansion in cardiac output which normally occurs in pregnancy.