cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The MIS research program at the University of Arizona

Following a description of the Management Information Systems (MIS) department, the author examines the director of the PhD program in MIS and details departmental research activities. The history and foundation of the PLEXSYS information systems development research is outlined. Research, philosophy and systems development perspectives are also addressed. >
CURRENT CONCEPTS OF MUSCLE AND TENDON ADAPTATION TO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING.

UNLABELLED Injuries to the muscle and/or associated tendon(s) are common clinical entities treated by sports physical therapists and other rehabilitation professionals. Therapeutic exercise is a primary treatment modality for muscle and/or tendon injuries; however, the therapeutic exercise strategies should not be applied in a "one-size-fits-all approach". To optimize an athlete's rehabilitation or performance, one must be able to construct resistance training programs accounting for the type of injury, the stage of healing, the functional and architectural requirements for the muscle and tendon, and the long-term goals for that patient. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to review the muscular and tendinous adaptations associated with strength training, link training adaptations and resistance training principles for the athlete recovering from an injury, and illustrate the application of evidence-based resistance training for patients with a tendinopathy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
Development of a 2.0 eV AlGaInP solar cell grown by OMVPE

AlGaInP solar cells with a bandgap (Eg) of ∼2.0 eV are developed for use in next-generation multijunction photovoltaic devices. This material system is of great interest for both space and concentrator photovoltaics due to its high bandgap, which enables the development of high-efficiency five-junction and six-junction devices and is also useful for solar cells operated at elevated temperatures. In this work, we explore the conditions for the Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE) growth of AlGaInP and study their effects on cell performance. A ∼2.0 eV AlGaInP solar cell is demonstrated with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.59V, a bandgap-voltage offset (WOC) of 420mV, a fill factor (FF) of 88.0%, and an efficiency of 14.8%. These AlGaInP cells have attained a similar FF, WOC and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) to the best upright GaInP cells grown in our lab to date.
Interleukin 17‐Producing T Lymphocytes

IL-17-producing T lymphocytes (T17s) play important roles in the clearance of extracellular bacterial and fungal infections. T17s consist of several subsets of lymphocytes possessing both innate and adaptive immune phenotypes. The production of IL-17 by innate and adaptive immune cells allows the presence of this important cytokine at distinct parts of the immune response. Notably, T lymphocytes can acquire the IL-17 effector function in either the thymus or the periphery. Although CD4+IL17+ T lymphocytes are generally considered to be reciprocal in effector functions compared to Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, the presence of IL-17+Foxp3+ cells requires additional characterisation. Notably, strong evidence also implicates IL-17-producing T lymphocytes in several autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and asthma. It has been suggested that T lymphocytes such as IL17+Foxp3+ T lymphocytes, bearing aberrant effector functions, may be contributors to autoimmunity. Key Concepts Transcription factors are critical in the skewing of T lymphocyte effector functions. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a cytokine which is critical in the regulation of bacterial communities and fungi within mammalian host organisms; however, it is also associated with autoimmunity. Interleukin 17 can be produced by several T cell populations including αβ CD4+ cells, αβ CD8+ and γδ T lymphocytes. IL-17-producing T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous population that elicits a spectrum of effector functions. The IL-17 effector function can be acquired in the thymus or periphery. Although evidence suggests that IL-17 production can drive immune events associated with autoimmunity, it is possible IL-17 production may serve as a biomarker for T lymphocytes possessing varied autoimmune disease-promoting effector functions. Regulation of T lymphocyte stability may have efficacy in the prevention of autoimmune disease. Keywords: cytokine; plasticity; effector function; homeostasis; transcription factor; autoimmunity; interleukin 17; T lymphocyte
The Comparative Efficacy of a Hybrid Guilt-Fear Appeal and a Traditional Fear Appeal to Influence HPV Vaccination Intentions

Recent research on persuasion has explored the utility of incorporating alternative emotional appeals within a fear-appeal framework to achieve persuasive outcomes. The current study contributes to this growing body of research by developing and assessing a hybrid guilt-fear message to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intentions and comparing it to a standard fear appeal. An online experiment among men and women of vaccination age (N = 407) was conducted. Results detail the paths through which people processed the hybrid and fear appeals differently, and clarify the conditions in which utilizing guilt-based messaging strategies within a fear-appeal framework can facilitate or inhibit persuasive effectiveness. Implications for future research on multiemotion intervention messages are discussed.
Silver Nanoparticles for Catalysis of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition: Atomistic Modeling

The interest in adopting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rocket propulsion systems has rekindled because H2O2 is more environmentally friendly than alternative propellants, has a high density to maximize the oxidizer-to-fuel ratio, and is able to be stored non-cryogenically. Simulations utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics have been generated to analyze the decomposition of H2O2 on the surface of a silver (Ag) metal cluster. The electronic structure for an atomic model of gaseous H2O2 molecules in the vicinity of an Ag13 cluster – one central Ag atom coordinated by the remaining twelve Ag atoms – was analyzed through density functional theory (DFT). After undergoing thermalization, the system was equilibrated at a high temperature of approximately 2000 K. The molecular dynamics did confirm that the Ag catalyst functions in facilitating the H2O2 decomposition to the final products of water and oxygen, while that the overall mechanism contains several intermediates.
Computer Modeling of the Optical Properties of Transition-Metal Ions in Solids

Computational methods for modeling the optical properties of substitutional transition-metal impurities in insulating solids, potentially applicable to some scintillator and phosphor materials, are reviewed. Methods considered include crystal-field and semi-empirical ligand-field models; SCF-Xα-SW, SCF-RHF-LCAO, SCF-UHF-LCAO and CI ab initio methods; and ICEAP and HADESR embedded cluster methods with lattice relaxation. A detailed example of the application of the HADESR method to crystal-field spectra of Cr3+ in halide elpasolites is described. In this method, ab initio molecular-orbital calculations with effective core potentials are performed for selected ionic configurations. Simultaneous relaxation of the cluster and surrounding lattice, with mutual pair-potential interactions, is accomplished by a modified lattice statics program. Calculated properties include pressure-dependent optical transition energies, vibration frequencies and radiationless transition rates.
Effect of interface and crystallinity on the ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer thin films

Ferroelectric polymer thin films are attractive for a wide range of applications such as MEMS, IR sensors, and memory devices. We present the results of a recent investigation on the thickness dependence of the ferroelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) copolymer spin cast films on electroded Si substrate. We show that as the film thickness is reduced, there exist two thickness regions. For films at thickness above 100 nm, the thickness dependence of the ferroelectric properties can be attributed to the interface effect. However, for thinner films, there is a large change in the ferroelectric properties such as the polarization level, the coercive field, and polarization switching speed, which is related to the large drop of the crystallinity in the ultrathin film region (below 100 nm). The results from Xray, dielectric measurement, and AFM all indicate that there is a threshold thickness at about 100 nm below which the crystallinity in the film reduces abruptly.
Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli in U.S. Retail Ground Beef

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157:H7 and serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 are the leading cause of STEC-associated infections in humans in the United States. In the United States, these organisms are considered adulterants in raw nonintact beef products and in intact beef destined to be made into or used in nonintact raw beef products. The objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the burden of the six serogroups of non-O157 STEC in ground beef obtained from retail stores across the United States. A convenience sample of commercial ground beef products (n = 1,129) were purchased from retail stores in 24 states from October 2011 to May 2012. The samples had various lean/fat proportions, muscle group of origin (chuck, round, sirloin, or not specified), and packaging types. For each ground beef sample, 25 g was inoculated in 225 ml of modified tryptic soy broth, stomached for 1 min, and then incubated at 41°C for 18 ± 2 h. These enrichment cultures were then screened for stx, eae, and O group genes using a commercially available, closed-platform PCR-based method. The potential positive samples were subjected to immunomagnetic separation and plated on modified Rainbow agar. Morphologically typical colonies were subjected to latex agglutination and PCR determination of stx and eae genes. Nine (0.8%) of the ground beef samples were potentially positive for at least one STEC serogroup after PCR screening. The serogroups detected by PCR assay were O26 (four samples), O103 (four samples), O145 (three samples), O45 (two samples), and O121 (one sample). No STEC isolates belonging to these serogroups were recovered from the sample cultures. The current research provides updated surveillance data for non-O157 STEC isolates among commercial ground beef products and information regarding the potential sources of contamination from different parts of beef trims destined for ground beef production.
Spindle-E cycling between nuage and cytoplasm is controlled by Qin and PIWI proteins

Transposable elements (TEs) are silenced in germ cells by a mechanism in which PIWI proteins generate and use PIWI-interacting ribonucleic acid (piRNA) to repress expression of TE genes. piRNA biogenesis occurs by an amplification cycle in microscopic organelles called nuage granules, which are localized to the outer face of the nuclear envelope. One cofactor required for amplification is the helicase Spindle-E (Spn-E). We found that the Spn-E protein physically associates with the Tudor domain protein Qin and the PIWI proteins Aubergine (Aub) and Argonaute3 (Ago3). Spn-E and Qin proteins are mutually dependent for their exit from nuage granules, whereas Spn-E and both Aub and Ago3 are mutually dependent for their entry or retention in nuage. The result is a dynamic cycling of Spn-E and its associated factors in and out of nuage granules. This implies that nuage granules can be considered to be hubs for active, mobile, and transient complexes. We suggest that this is in some way coupled with the execution of the piRNA amplification cycle.
V-ϑ sector of the Lee model

The spectrum of theS-matrix in the V-ϑ sector of the Lee model is analysed. It consists, at fixed total energy, of a continuous spectrum identical with that of the disconnectedS-matrix, together with a possible discrete spectrum consisting of the roots of a certain transcendental equation. This equation may have zero, one, or two roots, depending on circumstances. If at least one root exists, at all physical energies, the eigenphaseshift which joins continuously to the V-ϑ elasticscattering phase shift below production threshold satisfies a Levinson theorem. The phase of the determinant of the connectedS-matrix, as defined by Wrigit, is shown to satisfy a Levinson theorem. The situation when no stable V-particle exists is also analysed. Here the phase of the determinant of the connectedS-matrix doesnot satisfy a Levinson theorem, but a more general result is not obtained.
Effect of edaravone on the expression levels of SOD,MDA,NO after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion inrats

Objective To investigate the protective effect of edaravone on brain by observing the changes of SOD activity,MDA and NO content after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in male rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group(SO group),ischemia reperfusion group(I / R group),edaravone treatment group(ED group),with 10 rats in each group.The animal models with local cerebral ischemia reperfusion were established by ligating middle cerebral artery.The SOD activity and concentration of MDA and NO were detected by biochemistry.Results The SOD activities in SO group and ED groups were significantly higher than those in I / R group(P 0.05),however,the concentration of MDA and NO in SO group and ED groups were significantly lower than that of I / R group(P 0.05).Conclusion The edaravone can enhance activity of SOD,reduce contents of MDA and NO,improve free radical metabolism,as a result,which can effectively relieve the cerebral injury after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats.
Liver transplant in Jehovah's Witnesses patients.

Purpose of review The Jehovah's Witness religion is a Christian movement, founded in the USA in the 1870s, with 6 million members worldwide (150,000 in the UK). Members of this faith have strong beliefs based upon passages from the Bible that are interpreted as prohibiting the 'consumption' of blood. Their beliefs prevent them from accepting transfusion of whole blood or its primary components. They also believe that blood that has been removed from the body is 'unclean' and should be disposed of. The use of procedures that involve the removal and storage of their own blood is often unacceptable. Recent findings Biological hemostats, including collagen and cellulose pads (Kaltostat) and fibrin glues and sealants (Tisseal), aid coagulation and reduce blood loss. Strategies have been described to reduce the number of red cells lost during hemorrhage by the nonlinear reduction in packed cell volume achieved by hemodilution. With the cell-saver technique, shed blood is suctioned from the wound, centrifuged, washed, mixed with an additive/anticoagulant solution and then reinfused as required. Many coagulation factors are available as recombinant products, including factors VIII, IX and VIIa. Summary In summary, major surgery can be performed safely in the Jehovah's Witness who refuses blood transfusion by utilizing preoperative and intraoperative techniques that decrease surgical blood loss, decrease oxygen consumption, and increase oxygen delivery. Even if significant intraoperative blood loss occurs, successful postoperative management is possible by utilizing techniques that minimize oxygen consumption and maximize oxygen delivery.
A quantum vitalism

The thrust of the last two chapters was ever more micro, beginning with quantum brains and then projecting the essence of their subjectivity all the way down to the sub-atomic level. While that might seem to have taken us very far from the world of social science, I am working toward just the opposite conclusion: that social life is not essentially different from that of sub-atomic particles. To complete this argument, however, I need to bring matters back to macroscopic reality, which I shall do in this chapter by considering some implications of this ontology for the nature of life. That is a big topic in its own right, and ultimately I am interested here only in one very unusual form of life, our own. Still, there are two reasons to bring up the subject. One is that from a quantum perspective human life is essentially continuous with, rather than qualitatively different from, other organisms. Apart from its potential ethical implications, this means that in speaking of life in general I will be laying a foundation for the quantum model of man discussed in Part III. The other reason to bring up the nature of life is that the view of it which follows from the ontology above is a kind of vitalism, according to which life is constituted by an unobservable, non-material life force or ´lan vital . Since vitalism today is almost universally rejected as unscientific, and the threat of which I used to motivate my proposal to give intentional explanations a quantum basis, it seems important to follow quantum consciousness theory through to its logical conclusion, and then from there, try to turn the threat of vitalism into a willing embrace. The key to this strategy is the phenomenon of quantum coherence. Addressing the combination problem for panpsychism, in Chapter 6 I argued that coherence in the brain explains the unity of consciousness at the human level.
Sequential Labeling with Online Deep Learning: Exploring Model Initialization

In this paper, we leverage both deep learning and conditional random fields (CRFs) for sequential labeling. More specifically, we explore parameter initialization and randomization in deep CRFs and train the whole model in a simple but effective way. In particular, we pretrain the deep structure with greedy layer-wise restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), followed with an independent label learning step. Finally, we re-randomize the top layer weight and update the whole model with an online learning algorithm – a mixture of perceptron training and stochastic gradient descent to estimate model parameters. We test our model on different challenge tasks, and show that this simple learning algorithm yields the state of the art results. The data and software related to this paper are available at https://github.com/ganggit/deepCRFs.
Oceanic Response to Tropical Cyclones

In Section 3.1 we discussed the importance of sensible and latent heat addition from the ocean to the atmosphere in maintaining tropical cyclones. But the relationship between the ocean and the atmosphere during hurricane conditions is not a one-way interaction. The stress exerted by strong winds on the surface water and the negative atmospheric pressure anomaly associated with the hurricane both produce accelerations in the ocean and lead to important changes in the ocean circulation. The negative pressure anomaly leads to a rise of mean sea level under the storm of about 1 cm per millibar of pressure drop. This mound of water follows the storm and contributes to the storm surge when the hurricane makes landfall. The strong winds generate surface waves with amplitudes of 20 m or more.4 The curl of the stress generates divergence in the upper layer of the ocean, producing regions of upwelling and downwelling. Turbulence is also generated in the ocean by the wind stress and this turbulence mixes warm surface waters with deeper cooler water. The combination of upwelling and vertical mixing typically produces decreases in the surface ocean temperature of 1–3°C and may occasionally produce decreases as large as 5°C (Leipper, 1967; Landis and Leipper, 1968). As suggested by Fisher (1958) these decreases may affect the intensity of slow-moving or stationary storms by reducing evaporation into the atmosphere.
Expression and localization of VPAC1, the major receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide along the length of the intestine.

These studies for the first time present comprehensive data on the relative characterization of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in the intestinal mucosa. Vasoactive intestinal peptide...
Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation: Using Bone Channels for Soft-Tissue Suspension:

Introduction:The use of endoscopic procedures to facilitate the rejuvenation of the upper face offers today's cosmetic surgery patient a less invasive and less morbid procedure, with comparable res...
The prevalence of gluten free diet use among preschool children with autism spectrum disorder

Our objective was to estimate prevalence of current or ever use of a gluten free diet (GFD) in children aged 30-68 months with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and population controls (POP); and to identify characteristics associated with ever having used GFD among children with ASD. We used data from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multi-site, case-control study of children with ASD. Caregivers reported GFD use by their children through structured questionnaires about diet patterns, gastrointestinal (GI) issues, and ASD-specific treatments. Prevalence was estimated and compared using log-Poisson regression, adjusting for confounders. In children with ASD, we examined whether child or mother's GI conditions or child's phenotypic traits were associated with ever trying a GFD. In SEED, 71 children with ASD (11.1% prevalence after adjustment) were on a GFD at time of the study and 130 (20.4%) had ever used a GFD, a greater percentage than in POP children (N = 11, 0.9% current use). Of current users with ASD, 50.7% had a dietary intervention that was prescribed by a medical professional. Among children with ASD, child GI conditions and developmental regression were positively and independently associated with having ever used a GFD. Current use and ever use of a GFD were prevalent in children with ASD identified in SEED. GFD usage was associated with GI issues and child phenotype. Clinicians may consider advising parents on how best to use these diets in the context of the child's GI presentation and current scientific knowledge about effectiveness in relation to ASD symptoms. Autism Res 2018, 11: 185-193. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay summary Gluten free diets (GFDs) are commonly used as an alternative therapy for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the effectiveness is still uncertain which makes it important to know who tries this type of diet. We found that one in five preschool aged children with ASD had ever used a GFD. Children with gastrointestinal conditions and developmental regression were more likely to have tried a GFD.
Narrar el tiempo en el judaísmo rabínico: el calendario lunar-solar y el ciclo leccionario

Critical chapters of the story of Israel, commemorated as festivals, are timed to coincide with turnings in the year of nature. In Judaism, time is marked by the lunar months and the solar seasons and is endowed with sanctity when a turning in the heavens coincides with an episode in Israel’s story. Harmony thus characterizes Israel’s life on earth and God’s abode in heaven. In the words of the Qaddish, “He who makes peace in the heights may make peace for us.” The sacred calendar signalled by the sun (for seasons) and the moon (for months), coordinates Israel¹s life here on earth with the movement of the heavenly bodies. The movement of the sun and moon around the earth attests to critical episodes in the Torah’s narrative.
What Happens during Language and Literacy Coaching? Coaches' Reports of Their Interactions with Educators.

Research Findings: This study investigated coaches’ interactions with educators in the context of a large-scale, state-implemented literacy professional development (PD). We examined log data and o...
Research Issues in Systems Implementation, Risks and Tradeoffs

This article identifies open research issues in the management of electronic records in complex systems over time, with an emphasis on system development and implementation. The author proposes that it is necessary for archivists to address the issues at three levels: the organizational/professional level, the technological infrastructure level, and the system- and function-specific level. The paper discusses the technological factors which influence archivists' ability to manage electronic records currently being created, and goes on to recommend that archivists broaden their technological knowledge base, work toward influencing others in their organizations to gain buy-in, and develop models and success stories for positively influencing the development of electronic systems.
Females With Visual Impairments in Physical Education: Exploring the Intersection Between Disability and Gender Identities

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use an explicitly intersectional approach to examine the embodied experiences of individuals identifying as female and as having a visual impairment in sch...
Other Approaches to Measuring Defenses: Story Completion and Clinical Interviews

In this chapter, two further approaches to measuring defenses are discussed—the Story Completion method and the Clinical Interview.
The Privatization of Education and its Implications for Latinos/as

The demographic growth of Latinos in the U.S. comes amidst a growing gap in access to education. Especially crucial to consider for this growing population is the neoliberal restructuring of kindergarten to university education that is leading to a growing emphasis on the privatization of higher education and the transformation of public education into a profit-driven domestic business opportunity. With rising tuition at universities and colleges and the increased technological and market aspects of schooling, only families residing in well-to-do communities will have access to what previously was deemed a civil right, the right to both a public and a first-class education.
Chymotrypsin Reduces the Severity of Secretagogue-Induced Pancreatitis in Mice.

Intrapancreatic activation of the digestive proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin is an early event in the development of pancreatitis. Human genetic studies indicate that chymotrypsin controls trypsin activity via degradation, but there is no evidence of this from animal models. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt the chymotrypsinogen B1 gene (Ctrb1) in C57BL/6N mice and induced pancreatitis in CTRB1-deficient and C57BL/6N (control) mice by administration of cerulein. CTRB1-deficient mice given cerulein had significant increases in intrapancreatic trypsin activity and developed more severe pancreatitis compared with control mice. CTRB1 therefore protects against secretagogue-induced pancreatitis by reducing trypsin activity. Protease inhibitors developed for treatment of pancreatitis should be designed to target trypsin but not chymotrypsin.
Harnessing Administrative Records for Official Statistics on People and Households

The availability and excessiveness of alternative (non-survey) data sources, collected on a daily, hourly, and sometimes second-by-second basis, has challenged the federal statistical system to update existing protocol for developing official statistics. Federal statistical agencies collect data primarily through survey methodologies built on frames constructed from administrative records. They compute survey weights to adjust for non-response and unequal sampling probabilities, impute answers for nonresponse, and report official statistics via tabulations from these survey. The U.S. federal government has rigorously developed these methodologies since the advent of surveys -- an innovation produced by the urgent desire of Congress and the President to estimate annual unemployment rates of working age men during the Great Depression. In the 1930s, Twitter did not exist; high-scale computing facilities were not abundant let alone cheap, and the ease of the ether was just a storyline from the imagination of fiction writers. Today we do have the technology, and an abundance of data, record markers, and alternative sources, which, if curated and examined properly, can help enhance official statistics. Researchers at the Census Bureau have been experimenting with administrative records in an effort to understand how these alternative data sources can improve our understanding of official statistics. Innovative projects like these have advanced our knowledge of the limitations of survey data in estimating official statistics. This paper will discuss advances made in linking administrative records to survey data to-date and will summarize the research on the impact of administrative records on official statistics.
Utility of point-of-care synovial lactate to identify septic arthritis in the emergency department.

Abstract Background Synovial lactate is a promising biomarker to distinguish septic from aseptic arthritis. If available as a point-of care test, synovial lactate would be rapidly available to aid the emergency provider in clinical decision making. This study assesses the test characteristics of synovial lactate obtained using an EPOC© point-of-care (POC) analyzer to rapidly distinguish septic from aseptic arthritis in the emergency department. Methods We enrolled a convenience sample of patients with possible septic arthritis presenting to the emergency department at a large urban academic center between October 2016 and April 2018. Enrolled patients underwent arthrocentesis based on the clinical judgment of the treating provider. We obtained synovial lactate levels (SLL) from the POC device. Standard laboratory analysis, synovial fluid culture, emergency and hospital course, operative procedures, antibiotics, and discharge diagnosis were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Results Thirty-nine patients undergoing forty separate arthrocentesis procedures were enrolled in this study over the two-year period. The sensitivity and specificity of SLL ≥ 5 mmol/L was 0.55 and 0.76 respectively, with +LR 2.3 and −LR 0.6. The sensitivity and specificity of SLL ≥ 10 mmol/L was 0.27 and 0.97 respectively, with +LR 7.9 and −LR 0.8; SLL ≥ 10 mmol/L performed similarly to overall synovial WBC ≥ 50,000/μL by conventional laboratory testing. Conclusion It is feasible to obtain a synovial lactate level using the EPOC© POC device. In our study, POC SLL performs similarly to other markers used to diagnose septic arthritis. Further study with larger sample sizes is warranted.
The Parenting Experience of Low-Income Single Women with Serious Mental Disorders:

The author describes an exploratory, qualitative research study focusing on 10 single, low-income mothers with chronic mental illness who lived with their children in a supportive residential progr...
Erratum to: Appendix

The following data for stars nearer than 22 parsecs, or trigonometric parallax, π t , less than 0″.045, have been compiled from the catalogues of Gliese (1969), and Gliese and Jahreiss (1979). The decimal number from the Gliese catalogue, often designated G, or the numbers in the thousands from the Gliese and Jahreiss catalogue, designated GJ, are given on the left side of the tables. Numbers in the DM, HD and Giclas catalogues and some star names are given in the original catalogues. Right ascensions (R.A.) and declinations (Dec.) in the epoch 1950.0 are given to 1 s and 6 seconds of arc, respectively. Yearly proper motions, μ, can be used together with precession to obtain positions at another epoch; the R.A. components of μ are in seconds of time per year and the Dec. components are in seconds of arc per year. These components have been computed from the total annual proper motions, μ, and the position angle, θ, of the GJ catalogue using μDec.. = μcosθ and μ R.A = μ sin θ/[15 cos(Dec.)].
The trend of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fragility fractures in inpatients: results from a national database.

Osteoporosis is associated with an increased risk of pathologic fractures; however, most patients do not receive diagnosis and adequate treatment. The aim of our study was to compare the yearly trends of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fragility fractures in the USA (US) inpatients. We used National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample database to identify adults ≥18 years with diagnoses of osteoporosis and pathologic fractures and excluded pathologic fractures due to other etiologies. We then studied the annual trends, in terms of annual percentage change (APC), of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Among overall hospitalizations, osteoporosis was noted to have an increasing trend from 2000 to 2009 (APC = 5.81, p < 0.05) with a decline thereafter (APC = – 3.88, p < 0.05). In contrast, osteoporotic fracture showed an initial downward trend from 2000 to 2010 (APC = −7.31, p < 0.05), followed by a slowly rising trend (APC = 2.0, p = NS). The initially increasing trend of osteoporosis was followed by a decreasing trend thereafter. In contrast, there was a halt in a previously declining trend of osteoporotic fracture. Potential explanations include inadequate screening and treatment per guidelines along with decreasing patient compliance. In conclusion, primary and secondary prevention measures for osteoporosis have been underutilized by both physicians and patients alike.
Impacts of U.S., Mexican, and Canadian Trade Agreement on Commodity and Labor Markets

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiation has resulted in an updated agreement known as the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). Given the contentious nature of the renegotiation process, we analyze the impacts of the USMCA relative to a “what if” scenario of failed NAFTA renegotiation to examine the economy-wide impacts of USMCA on bilateral trade, production, consumption, prices, and domestic and cross-border labor markets. Our results show that, had NAFTA renegotiation failed, the ensuing economic conditions would have created incentive for more, not fewer, migrant workers to enter the United States. USMCA benefits Mexican and Canadian consumers marginally but harms U.S. consumers slightly.
Wastewater management strategies for sustained shale gas production

Abstract Recent advances in shale gas development have largely outpaced efforts to manage associated waste streams that pose significant environmental risks. Wastewater management presents significant challenges in the Marcellus shale, where increasing fluid volumes concomitant with expanding development will threaten to overwhelm existing infrastructure over the next decade. In this work, we forecast growth in drilling, flowback, and produced fluid volumes through 2025 based on historic data and consider conventional and alternative disposal options to meet future demands. The results indicate that nearly 12 million m3(74 MMbbl) of wastewater will be generated annually by 2025. Even assuming wastewater recycling rates in the region rebound, meeting increased demands for wastewater that cannot be reused due to poor quality or logistics would require significant capital investment to expand existing disposal pathways, namely treatment and discharge at centralized facilities or dedicated brine injection in Ohio. Here, we demonstrate the logistical and environmental advantages of an alternative strategy: repurposing depleted oil and gas wells for dedicated injection of wastewater that cannot otherwise be reused or recycled. Hubs of depleted wells could accommodate projected increases in wastewater volumes more efficiently than existing disposal options, primarily because the proximity of depleted wells to active production sites would substantially reduce wastewater transport distances and associated costs. This study highlights the need to reevaluate regional-scale shale wastewater management practices in the context of evolving wastewater qualities and quantities, as strategic planning will result in more socially and economically favorable options while avoiding adverse environmental impacts that have overshadowed the environmental benefits of natural gas expansion in the energy sector.
PIDA Control of Buoyancy Device Enabled by Water Electrolysis

In this article, a variable buoyancy system operated by water electrolysis with feedback depth control is developed. The system varies its buoyancy based on the collection of produced gases from water electrolysis and the release of these gases using solenoid valves. The system has advantages from the perspective of compact design and stealth because it does not need to carry pistons, motors, or air resources to control buoyancy force. Instead, it electrolyzes the freshwater surrounding the device with no noise. Further, since it is small and lightweight, the device facilitates smooth integration with other underwater robots for buoyancy control. A dynamic model is constructed for the buoyancy varying system. Then, a proportional-integral-derivative-acceleration feedback controller is designed to regulate the generation and release of gases to position and stabilize the device at a certain depth for the survey and data collection. Finally, the effectiveness of the controller is verified with simulations and experiments. The real-time experiment shows that the controller can stabilize the buoyancy device at any depth underwater with a settling time of 60 s for at least 5 min.
Constructing the Human Right to a Healthy Environment

Despite the absence of a right to a healthy environment in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or any global human rights treaty, environmental human rights law has rapidly developed over the...
Channel Tiling for Improved Performance and Accuracy of Optical Neural Network Accelerators.

Low latency, high throughput inference on Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) remains a challenge, especially for applications requiring large input or large kernel sizes. 4F optics provides a solution to accelerate CNNs by converting convolutions into Fourier-domain point-wise multiplications that are computationally 'free' in optical domain. However, existing 4F CNN systems suffer from the all-positive sensor readout issue which makes the implementation of a multi-channel, multi-layer CNN not scalable or even impractical. In this paper we propose a simple channel tiling scheme for 4F CNN systems that utilizes the high resolution of 4F system to perform channel summation inherently in optical domain before sensor detection, so the outputs of different channels can be correctly accumulated. Compared to state of the art, channel tiling gives similar accuracy, significantly better robustness to sensing quantization (33\% improvement in required sensing precision) error and noise (10dB reduction in tolerable sensing noise), 0.5X total filters required, 10-50X+ throughput improvement and as much as 3X reduction in required output camera resolution/bandwidth. Not requiring any additional optical hardware, the proposed channel tiling approach addresses an important throughput and precision bottleneck of high-speed, massively-parallel optical 4F computing systems.
Financial hardship, neighborhood cohesion and child externalizing behaviors: An extension of the family stress model among immigrant mothers

Abstract Research indicates heightened risk for financial, psychological, and emotional strain among immigrant families. Studies that examine the family stress model in concert with unique stressors associated with immigrant adjustment, such as community integration, are limited. Using a longitudinal framework, this study applied the family stress model on a sample of first-generation immigrant mothers (N = 831) to examine whether financial hardship and neighborhood cohesion impacted children’s externalizing behaviors via maternal depression and harsh parenting. Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Financial hardship (OR = 1.36, p
The Quest for a DISE Protocol.

ObjectiveThe objective of this quality initiative project was to modify our existing institutional drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) protocol so that the surgeon could consistently determine obst...
Red Blood Cells Exposing CD4, as Competitive Inhibitors of HIV-1 Infection

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1–3 is mediated by binding to CD4, a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of HIV-susceptible cells.4 The interaction between CD4 and the HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp120, was demonstrated by McDougal et al.,5 who coimmunoprecipitated the two proteins from infected cells. The affinity constant of the gp120-CD4 complex is about 4 x 10−9 M which is comparable to other virus-receptor interactions.6 Maddon et al.7 provided further evidence for the essential role of CD4 in HIV infection by introducing a functional CD4 gene into CD4 human cells, thereby conferring HIV susceptibility to previously resistant cells.
The PAX-FKHR fusion proteins transcriptionally activate MyoD while inhibiting its function, thereby inducing a limited myogenic phenotype resembling that of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4328 The pediatric tumor alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) exhibits a limited muscle phenotype, but escapes terminal differentiation. Aberrant regulation of myogenesis by the tumor specific PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR (PAX-FKHR) fusion transcription factors may contribute to this RMS phenotype. To identify the molecular mechanism behind this possible role for PAX-FKHR we characterized their regulation of MyoD, the key regulator of myogenesis, and their influences on myogenic differentiation. We show by reporter assays that MyoD is a transcriptional target of PAX-FKHR, and that PAX-FKHR proteins transactivate MyoD expression through its 258 bp core enhancer. MyoD is a direct target of PAX-FKHR, since in gel shift assays PAX-FKHR physically bind a core enhancer sequence that shows similarity to previously described PAX3 and PAX-FKHR consensus binding sequences. NIH3T3 fibroblasts transduced with PAX3-FKHR stably express MyoD and myogenin proteins. Compared to NIH3T3 cells ectopically expressing MyoD, however, PAX3-FKHR expressing cells are inhibited from terminally differentiating in low-serum growth conditions as shown by the lack of myogenin induction, low myosin heavy chain expression, and absence of myotube formation. Using reporter assays we show that MyoD transcriptional function is attenuated in PAX3-FKHR expressing NIH3T3 cells in differentiation conditions. Posttranslational modification of MyoD, detectable as increased phosphorylation, appears to be the underlying mechanism for the observed inhibition of MyoD function. Studies in progress suggest that these changes in phosphorylation are mediated by FGF signaling. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that in a single experimental system PAX-FKHR can simultaneously induce limited myogenesis by directly activating MyoD expression while preventing complete differentiation. We propose a mechanism whereby the PAX-FKHR proteins commit a yet undefined precursor cell to the myogenic lineage while at the same time inhibit its differentiation into a mature muscle cell, thereby leading to the formation of alveolar RMS. We are currently studying candidate genes from a PAX-FKHR transcriptional signature generated by expression profiling in order to identify pathways that mediate the PAX-FKHR inhibitory effects on myogenesis in alveolar RMS. We believe this work will identify molecular targets for intervention and provide novel options for the treatment of RMS.
Vitamin D3 cryosensitization increases prostate cancer susceptibility to cryoablation via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and necrosis

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Cryoblation is a highly effective treatment for prostate cancer yet concerns of recurrance remain due to cell survival in the periphery of the frozen volume of tissue where lethal temperatures may not be achieved. To improve efficiency research has focused on the use of low dose adjunctive agents, including vitamin D3 to senstitise cells to mild freezing thereby increasing cancer destruction. This study describes a molecular basis of Vitamin D3 cryosensitization including the response and efficacy of the combination in both androgen-sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer. The data support a putative role for Vitamin D3 cryosensitization in enhancing prostate cancer sensitivity to mild freezing temperatures providing insight for further optimization and application of this therapeutic option. OBJECTIVES • To investigate the effect and molecular mechanisms of action of Vitamin D3 (VD3) as a neo-adjunctive agent before cryosurgery in an effort to increase treatment efficacy for prostate cancer (CaP). • To eliminate the potential for disease recurrence that exists at the periphery of the freeze lesion, where temperatures may be insufficient to destroy both androgen-sensitive (AS) and androgen-insensitive (AI) CaP. METHODS • Human CaP cells, LNCaP, were each genetically altered to express the AS and AI phenotypes and subjected to VD3 treatment and freezing in an in vitro and tissue-engineered model. • Cell viability, caspase inhibitor and western blot studies were used to determine the basis of the different responses of AI and AS cells to VD3 cryosensitization. RESULTS • VD3 was found to be a highly effective cryosensitizer, resulting in a >50% overall increase in cell death after −15 °C freezing. • Fluorescence microscopy, western blot analysis and caspase protease assays confirmed that the increased activation of apoptosis was modulated through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. • Caspase inhibition studies showed that apoptosis played an integral role in cell death, with VD3 cryosensitivation-induced apoptotic events responsible for >30% of the overall cell death after −15 °C freezing. CONCLUSIONS • The present study suggests that the use of VD3 as a cryosensitizer increases cryoablation efficacy through the increased activity of apoptosis as well as through necrosis. • The data show that through VD3 treatment the overall level of AI CaP cell tolerance to freezing is reduced to a level similar to that of AS CaP. • VD3 pre-treatment in conjunction with cryoablation may increase treatment efficacy and reduce disease recurrence for CaP patients.
The changing National Electrical Code

The changing National Electrical Code (NEC) governs all electrical installations in industrial facilities as well as commercial and residential occupancies. This article defines the complete revision cycle and provides guidance for submitting proposals and comments to change the NEC.
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a splenic mass clinicopathologic conference

This discussion was selected from the weekly Grand Rounds in the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle. Taken from a transcription, it has been edited by Jonathan G. Drachman, MD, Chief Medical Resident; Henry Rosen, MD, Professor and Associate Chair; and Paul G. Ramsey, MD, Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine.
Synthesis of silicon-functional silylmethyl transition metal complexes: I. Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl derivatives

Abstract The synthesis of CH 2 CHSiMe 2 CH 2 Fe(CO) 2 Cp, MeOSiMe 2 CH 2 Fe(CO) 2 Cp, [Cp(CO) 2 FeCH 2 SiMe 2 ] 2 O, Cp(CO) 2 FeCH 2 (Me) Si(OSiMe 2 ) 3 O , Et 2 NSiMe 2 CH 2 - Fe(CO) 2 Cp, [Cp(CO) 2 FeCH 2 SiMe 2 ] 2 NH, Cp(CO) 2 FeSiMe 2 CH 2 Fe(CO) 2 Cp and HSiMe 2 CH 2 Fe(CO) 2 Cp has been achieved by the reaction of NaFe(CO) 2 Cp with an appropriate halomethyl silicon derivative. Reactions of the hydrosilylmethyl complex with Ph 3 CCl, Ph 3 CBF 4 , and CH 3 OH produce the corresponding silicon-functional chloro, fluoro and methoxy derivatives. The reaction of Cp(CO) 2 FeSiMe 2 CH 2 Fe(CO) 2 Cp and the methoxy, disiloxy and disilazane derivatives with triphenylphosphine appears to produce the expected insertion products. Some properties of the new compounds prepared have been determined and are discussed.