cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Friends, followers, countrymen: Viceregal patronage in mid-eighteenth century New Spain

Even when viceroy Juan Francisco Guemes y Horcasitas, first count of Revillagigedo, was one of the high functionaries selected by the new Bourbon regime amongst the low nobility ( hidalguia) to carry out reforms that seeked to reordain and moralize colonial administration, many of which he complied, also kept the ancient practice to support or settle many of his relatives, friends, countrymen or members of his entourage in positions of government, audiencias ,cathedral chapters, corregimientos , etcetera. The author analyzes also the political leverage of Guemes in the metropolis, such as the marquis of Ensenada, minister of the Royal Treasury, and his contacts of business and familiar type with rich criollos of New Spain like the count of San Bartolome de Jala and captain Jacinto Martinez Aguirre.
Surflex: a programmable surface for the design of tangible interfaces

In this paper we describe Surflex, a programmable surface for the design and visualization of physical forms. Surflex combines the physical properties of shape-memory alloy and foam to create a surface that can be electronically controlled to deform and gain new shapes. We describe implementation details, the possibilities enabled by the use of smart materials and soft mechanics in human computer interaction, as well as future applications for this technology.
The Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale: A correction.

A revision of the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale is presented, eliminating a deviant item that reduced the reliability of the scale. Using a sample of 191 undergraduates, four 7-item subscales were derived with adequate reliabilities and factorial congruence for 2 of the subscales (Fear of Death of Self and Fear of Dying of Self).
Biogeography of human infectious diseases: a global historical analysis

Objectives: Human pathogen richness and prevalence vary widely across the globe, yet we know little about whether global patterns found in other taxa also predict diversity in this important group of organisms. This study (a) assesses the relative importance of temperature, precipitation, habitat diversity, and population density on the global distributions of human pathogens and (b) evaluates the species-area predictions of island biogeography for human pathogen distributions on oceanic islands. Methods: Historical data were used in order to minimize the influence of differential access to modern health care on pathogen prevalence. The database includes coded data (pathogen, environmental and cultural) for a worldwide sample of 186 non-industrial cultures, including 37 on islands. Prevalence levels for 10 pathogens were combined into a pathogen prevalence index, and OLS regression was used to model the environmental determinants of the prevalence index and number of pathogens. Results: Pathogens (number and prevalence index) showed the expected latitudinal gradient, but predictors varied by latitude. Pathogens increased with temperature in high-latitude zones, while mean annual precipitation was a more important predictor in low-latitude zones. Other environmental factors associated with more pathogens included seasonal dry extremes, frost-free climates, and human population density outside the tropics. Islands showed the expected speciesarea relationship for all but the smallest islands, and the relationship was not mediated by habitat diversity. Although geographic distributions of free-living and parasitic taxa typically have different determinants, these data show that variables that influence the distribution of free-living organisms also shape the global distribution of human pathogens. Understanding the cause of these distributions is potentially important, since geographical variation in human pathogens has an important influence on global disparities in human welfare.
Role of HIV Gp41 mediated fusion/hemifusion in bystander apoptosis

Mechanisms of HIV-mediated CD4+ T cell loss leading to immunodeficiency are amongst the most extensively studied yet unanswered questions in HIV biology. The level of CD4+ T cell depletion in HIV infected patients far exceeds the number of infected T cells, suggesting an indirect mechanism of HIV pathogenesis termed bystander cell death. Evidence is accumulating that the HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) is a major determinant of HIV pathogenesis and plays a critical role in bystander cell death. The complex structure and function of HIV Env makes the determination of the mechanism of Envmediated apoptosis more complex than previously thought. This review will examine the complex relationship between HIV Env phenotype, coreceptor expression and immune activation in determining HIV pathogenesis. We review data here corresponding to the role of HIV Env hemifusion activity in HIV pathogenesis and how it interplays with other AIDS associated factors such as chemokine receptor expression and immune activation.
The Epidemiology of Cigarette Smoking and Parkinson’s Disease

Numerous studies have reported an inverse association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson’s disease (PD); these consistently indicate that smokers have about half the risk of PD of non-smokers. The association appears to be causal: it is consistent, graded, and found in most population subgroups. It is possible that a “pre-Parkinson’s personality” could explain the association, but this seems unlikely. The relationship between smoking and other dopamine-related processes provides further support for a causal relationship.
Conjectures about Discriminants of Hecke Algebras of Prime Level

In this paper, we study p-divisibility of discriminants of Hecke algebras associated to spaces of cusp forms of prime level. By considering cusp forms of weight bigger than 2, we are are led to make a precise conjecture about indexes of Hecke algebras in their normalisation which implies (if true) the surprising conjecture that there are no mod p congruences between non-conjugate newforms in S 2(Γ0(p)), but there are almost always many such congruences when the weight is bigger than 2.
An order (N) recursive inversion of the Jacobian for an N-link serial manipulator

The Jacobian matrix, J, relates joint velocity to Cartesian velocity for an N-link serial manipulator. An operator factorization and inversion of /sup J/* /sup J/ is shown to result in an order (N) spatially recursive filtering and smoothing algorithm that solves the inverse Jacobian problems of finding the joint angle velocities given the end-effector velocity or finding the joint angle accelerations given the end-effector acceleration. It is shown that, with a proper model, these inverse Jacobian problems are equivalent to solving the forward dynamics problem for the same model. The recursive algorithm developed by G. Rodriguez (1987) to solve the forward dynamics problem is applied directly to solve these inverse Jacobian problems. >
Admission Control Algorithms for Revenue Optimization with QoS Guarantees in Mobile Wireless Networks

We propose and analyze call admission control algorithms integrated with pricing for revenue optimization with QoS guarantees to serve multiple service classes in mobile wireless networks. Traditional admission control algorithms make acceptance decisions for new and handoff calls to satisfy certain QoS constraints such as the dropping probability of handoff calls and the blocking probability of new calls being lower than a pre-specified threshold. We analyze a class of partitioning and threshold-based admission control algorithms that make acceptance/rejection decisions not only to satisfy QoS requirements but also to optimize the revenue of the system by taking prices and arrival/departure information of service calls into account. We show that for a "charge-by-time" pricing scheme, there exist optimal resource allocation settings under which the partitioning and threshold-based admission control algorithms would produce the maximum revenue obtainable by the system without sacrificing QoS requirements. Further, we develop a new hybrid admission control algorithm which outperforms both partitioning and threshold-based admission control algorithms over a wide range of input parameters characterizing the operating environment and service workload conditions. Methods for utilizing of the analysis results for realtime admission control for revenue optimization with QoS guarantees are described with numerical data given to demonstrate the applicability.
UNIX concepts and capabilities

The concepts of UNIX are examined in order to give the reader an appreciation of the capabilities of the UNIX operating system. The benefits of UNIX consist of productivity, scalability, and portability. The UNIX system is the core of numerous emerging computer-aided software engineering (CASE) packages. All of the programming environment benefits of UNIX result in lower costs to the end user, whether he/she is buying software solutions or writing his/her own applications. Issues facing UNIX in the 1990s are also considered. >
On the capacity region of multiple-access relay channels

The capacity regions of two classes of multiple-access relay channels (MARCs) are characterized. The MARCs studied in this paper include a primitive relay component, which can help in relaying the messages through a non-interfering finite-capacity link to the decoder. The capacity regions for such MARCs are characterized when: (a) the decoders output is a physically degraded version of the relays output or, (b) the relay output can be obtained as a deterministic function of the decoder output and any one of the channel inputs. For both these classes of MARCs, it is shown that the cut-set outer bound is achievable. As a consequence of the result for case (b), the capacity of a class of state-dependent multiple-access channels with rate-limited state information at the decoder is also established.
Rapid turnover of tissue nitrogen of primary consumers in tropical freshwaters

Stable isotopes are widely used as time-integrating tracers of trophic interactions, but turnover rates of isotopes in animal tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we report nitrogen (N) isotope turnover rates in tissues of four primary consumer species: Ancistrus triradiatus armored catfish (muscle, fins, and whole blood), Tarebia granifera snails (muscle), and Rana palmipes tadpoles (muscle) from a Venezuelan river, and Lavigeria grandis snails (muscle) from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa. Turnover was estimated from the dilution of a 15N label introduced into consumer tissues by feeding on 15N-enriched periphyton. Muscle turnover rates were rapid (0.5–3.8% per day), and were attributable to metabolic replacement of N as well as growth in catfish and snails. N turnover in catfish muscle decreased with size, and fin tissue turned over more rapidly than whole blood or muscle, though the difference was not significant. Our results indicate that stable isotope signatures of these tropical species could change markedly within weeks following a shift in diet. However, generalization across taxa or latitudes is complicated by the strong size-dependence of isotope turnover rates. The enrichment-dilution approach outlined here may facilitate measurement of isotopic turnover in a wide variety of consumers under field conditions.
To Disclose or Not to Disclose Biracial Identity: The Effect of Biracial Disclosure on Perceiver Evaluations and Target Responses

Are biracial people perceived more negatively than their monoracial counterparts? Across two studies, we compared ratings of warmth, competence, and minority scholarship worthiness for biracial (Study 1: Black/White, Study 2: Asian/White), White, and minority (Study 1: Black, Study 2: Asian) college applicants. Findings suggest that both biracial applicants were perceived as colder and sometimes less competent than both White and corresponding minority applicants. Moreover, biracial people were also perceived as less qualified for minority scholarships than other racial minorities, which is partially explained by penalties to warmth and competence. Study 3 shows that disclosing one's biracial identity makes biracial people vulnerable to negative feedback. Taken together, these studies suggest that biracial people who disclose their biracial identity experience bias from perceivers and may be more vulnerable to that bias because of the personal nature of racial disclosure. Findings are discussed considering the stereotype content model (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007), cultural stereotypes about biracial people (Jackman, Wagner, & Johnson, 2001), and the costs of disclosing devalued identities.
Dolutegravir for the treatment of adult patients with HIV-1 infection

Dolutegravir, is a second generation integrase inhibitor that had recently received United States Food and Drug Administration and European Commission approval for the treatment of adult patients with HIV-1 infection. Dolutegravir provides distinct advantages compared with first generation integrase inhibitors. Unlike raltegravir, dolutegravir can be given once daily for patients who are antiretroviral treatment naive. Once-a-day dolutegravir dosing also does not require a pharmacokinetic booster like elvitegravir which minimizes the drug-drug interaction potential of dolutegravir. In Phase III clinical trials, dolutegravir-containing regimens have demonstrated either non-inferiority or superiority to current first line agents such as raltegravir, darunavir/ritonavir, and efavirenz containing regimens. Moreover, dolutegravir may be effective for patients with a history of raltegravir and/or elvitegravir resistance. Dolutegravir will likely play a major role in the management of patients with HIV-1 infection, and will be aided when coformulation with abacavir/lamivudine as a single pill, once-daily regimen is available.
Peak Serum AST Is a Better Predictor of Acute Liver Graft Injury after Liver Transplantation When Adjusted for Donor/Recipient BSA Size Mismatch (ASTi)

Background. Despite the marked advances in the perioperative management of the liver transplant recipient, an assessment of clinically significant graft injury following preservation and reperfusion remains difficult. In this study, we hypothesized that size-adjusted AST could better approximate real AST values and consequently provide a better reflection of the extent of graft damage, with better sensitivity and specificity than current criteria. Methods. We reviewed data on 930 orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Size-adjusted AST (ASTi) was calculated by dividing peak AST by our previously reported index for donor-recipient size mismatch, the BSAi. The predictive value of ASTi of primary nonfunction (PNF) and graft survival was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve, logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival, and Cox proportional hazard model. Results. Size-adjusted peak AST (ASTi) was significantly associated with subsequent occurrence of PNF and graft failure. In our study cohort, the prediction of PNF by the combination of ASTi and PT-INR had a higher sensitivity and specificity compared to current UNOS criteria. Conclusions. We conclude that size-adjusted AST (ASTi) is a simple, reproducible, and sensitive marker of clinically significant graft damage.
Metabolism of 2-[methoxy(methylthio)phosphinylimino]-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine in the cotton plant and houseflies

Abstract The metabolism of 2-[methoxy(methylthio)phosphinylimino]-3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazolidine (Stauffer R-16,661), a new experimental insecticide, was investigated in the cotton plant, houseflies, and in in vitro enzymatic and model oxidation systems. The principal metabolite isolated both in vivo and in vitro proved to be the 4-keto derivative of R-16,661. The structure of this metabolite was confirmed by PMR and mass spectral analysis. Toxicological examination showed that the 4-keto metabolite was approximately equal to R-16,661 in toxicity to the white mouse but was substantially less toxic to the housefly.
Pulmonary hypertension and prostaglandins after protamine

Abstract Substantial investigation has failed to define the mechanism of adverse cardiovascular responses to protamine. 1 These responses appear to have an immunologic basis. Vasoactive compounds are probably released after exposure or reexposure to protamine or heparin-protamine complex. We document a case of acute pulmonary hypertension after protamine administration associated with massive increases in prostaglandins. This contrasts with basal low levels after cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary revascularization in normal patients, who showed no hemodynamic response to protamine.
The Preparation of a Piano Repertoire According to Elliot's Musical Knowledge Model: Three Case Studies.

In academic education, undergraduate students develop musical knowledge through the preparation of a repertoire within the western classical music tradition during a certain period of formal music ...
Characterization of transcriptional regulatory elements in the promoter region of the murine blood coagulation factor VII gene

To identify the 5′ sequences of the murine coagulation factor VII (fVII) gene that resulted in its efficient transcription, a variety of 5′-flanking sequences up to 7 kilobase pairs upstream of the translation ATG initiation codon were fused to the reporter gene, bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and relative expression levels of this gene in mouse Hepa 1–6 cells were determined. It was found that the 5′ region extending approximately 85 base pairs (bp) upstream of the transcriptional initiation site served as the minimal DNA region that provided full relative promoter activity for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression. This region of the gene also contains consensus sequences for liver-enriched transcription factors, C/EBPβ and HNF4, as well as for the ubiquitous protein factors, AP1, H4TF1, NF1, and Sp1. In vitro DNase I footprinting of the 200-bp proximal region of the promoter with a murine Hepa 1–6 cell nuclear extract revealed a clear footprint of a region corresponding to −80 to −28 bp of the murine fVII gene, suggesting that liver factors interact with this region of the DNA. Competitive gel shift and supershift assays with different synthetic oligonucleotide probes demonstrate that proteins contained in the nuclear extract, identified as C/EBPβ, H4TF1, and HNF4, bind to a region of the murine fVII DNA from 85 to 32 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Purified Sp1 also interacts with this region of the DNA at a site that substantially overlaps, but is not identical to, the H4TF1 binding locus. Binding of Sp1 to the mouse DNA was not observed with the nuclear extract as the source of the transcription factors, suggesting that Sp1 is likely displaced from its binding site by H4TF1 in the crude extract. In vivo dimethyl sulfate footprint analysis confirmed the existence of these sites and additionally revealed two other binding regions slightly upstream of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binding locus that are homologous to NF1 binding sequences. The data demonstrate that appropriate transcription factor binding sites exist in the proximal promoter region of the murine fVII gene that are consistent with its strong liver-based expression in a highly regulated manner.
Management Implications for Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries.

The report by Lorber et al. [(1)][1] in this issue of iJACC is a large, important, and timely review of the ultrasound diagnosis and delineation of clinically pertinent characteristics in 159 pediatric patients with anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery (AAOCA), including 89 who underwent
Selection of an oral erythromycin product

The chemistry, bioavailability, and adverse effects of erythromycin base, stearate, estolate, and ethylsuccinate are reviewed. Criteria for the evaluation of erythromycin bioavailability studies include study design, patient population, meal composition and timing, and assay methodology. Based on these criteria, the bioavailability of individual erythromycin products are evaluated in this paper. Compared with other antibiotics, the erythromycins have a good safety record. However, both the estolate and ethylsuccinate forms of erythromycin may cause hepatotoxity. Considering bioavailability and adverse effect data, a specific brand of enteric-coated erythromycin base tablets is recommended for erythromycin-sensitive infections in adults. For pediatric patients, a liquid formulation of erythromycin estolate or erythromycin ethylsuccinate is recommended.
Refinement of Probabilistic Stabilizing Programs Using Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we evaluate the role of genetic algorithms GAs for identifying optimal probabilities in probabilistic self-stabilizing algorithms. Although it is known that the use of probabilistic actions is beneficial for reducing the state space requirements and solving problems that are unsolvable in the deterministic manner, identifying thei¾?ideal probabilities is often difficult. This is especially the case where several independent probability values need to be selected. We analyze two token ring protocols proposed by Herman ---an asymmetric program where one process is distinguished and a symmetric program where all processes are identical anonymous. We find that for the asymmetric program, unequal probabilities are preferred for smaller rings. Moreover, the size of the ring for which equal probability is desirable increases with the increase in the states available to individual processes. By contrast, unequal probabilities are preferred for the symmetric token ring when the number of processes increases. We also consider the case where the symmetric protocol is modified to allow each process to choose the probabilities independently. We find that making a few processes almost deterministic reduces the expected convergence time. Finally, we note that the analysis in the paper can also be used to identify the increased cost of randomization when compared to a corresponding deterministic solution.
Social class and social structure in a middle-sized Pennsylvania community

The major purpose of this study is to describe select demographic and socio-cultural characteristics associated with the five social classes of the social structure in an urban Pennsylvania community. Classes are delineated by the Hollingshead Index of Social Position. Description of the class characteristics is made more fruitful through use of this index. The stratification procedure demonstrates that stratifying a population enables us to better understand the organization and function of a community as a sociological entity.
Pain, Fatigue, and Physical Activity in Osteoarthritis: The Moderating Effects of Pain- and Fatigue-Related Activity Interference

Abstract Objective To examine how self-reported pain- and fatigue-related activity interference relates to symptoms and physical activity (PA) in daily life among people with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Design Cross-sectional study with a 7-day repeated-measures assessment period. Setting General community. Participants Participants (N=154; mean age, 65y; 60% women [n=92]) with knee or hip osteoarthritis and pain lasting ≥3 months. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Pain- or fatigue-related activity interference items on the Brief Pain Inventory or Brief Fatigue Inventory, respectively, from baseline survey, momentary pain and fatigue severity (measured 5times/d for 7d), and PA measured with a wrist-worn accelerometer over 7 days. We hypothesized that perception of pain- and fatigue-related activity interference would moderate the association between symptoms (pain or fatigue) and PA. People with higher pain- or fatigue-related activity interference were thought to have stronger negative associations between momentary ratings of pain and fatigue and PA than did those with lower activity interference. Results Pain-related activity interference moderated the association between momentary pain and PA, but only in the first part of the day. Contrary to expectation, during early to midday (from wake-up time through 3 pm), low pain-related interference was associated with stronger positive associations between pain and PA but high pain-related interference was associated with a small negative association between pain and PA. Fatigue-related activity interference did not moderate the relation between fatigue and activity over the course of a day. Conclusions Depending on a person's reported level of pain-related activity interference, associations between pain and PA were different earlier in the day. Only those with high pain-related activity interference had lower levels of PA as pain increased and only in the morning. High pain-related activity interference may be important to address, particularly to maintain PA early in the day despite pain.
Oral Appliances for Sleep Breathing Disorders

Oral appliances gained acceptance over the last decade and, at the same time, have been proven to be an effective way to manage sleep breathing disorders. Their role has become more acceptable since the first practice parameters paper was published in 1995. Over a 10-year period since then, they have gained an even larger and expanded role. This has occurred because of an increased number of articles with a higher level of evidence relative to efficacy, they are more widely recognized by the sleep medicine and physician community, and there are improved outcomes associated with their use. In the future, oral appliances will be more recognized and accepted. This will occur as two key areas emerge in the future: studies that validate the use of oral appliances, including long-term studies, and the role of oral appliances as part of combined therapy with positive airway pressure (PAP) devices.
Molecular dynamics simulations in drug delivery research: Calcium chelation of G3.5 PAMAM dendrimers

Poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been considered as possible delivery systems for anticancer drugs. One potential advantage of these carriers would be their use in oral formulations, which will require absorption in the intestinal lumen. This may require the opening of tight junctions which may be enabled by reducing the Ca2+ concentration in the intestinal lumen, which has been shown as an absorption mechanism for EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the G3.5 PAMAM dendrimers are able to chelate Ca2+ at similar proportions to EDTA, providing support to the hypothesis that oral formulations of PAMAM dendrimers could use this high chelating efficiency as a potential mechanism for permeating the tight junctions of the intestines if other formulation barriers could be overcome.
The Triple Aim and its implications on the management of chronic rhinosinusitis.

IntroductionAccountable care organizations (ACO) and alternative payment models are a sign of the change in reimbursement from fee-for-service to value-based reimbursement. The focus of health care...
Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention.

Abstract Background The relationship between lower sodium intake and total mortality remains controversial. Objectives This study examined the relationship between well-characterized measures of sodium intake estimated from urinary sodium excretion and long-term mortality. Methods Two trials, phase I (1987 to 1990), over 18 months, and phase II (1990 to 1995), over 36 months, were undertaken in TOHP (Trials of Hypertension Prevention), which implemented sodium reduction interventions. The studies included multiple 24-h urine samples collected from pre-hypertensive adults 30 to 54 years of age during the trials. Post-trial deaths were ascertained over a median 24 years, using the National Death Index. The associations between mortality and the randomized interventions as well as with average sodium intake were examined. Results Among 744 phase I and 2,382 phase II participants randomized to sodium reduction or control, 251 deaths occurred, representing a nonsignificant 15% lower risk in the active intervention (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66 to 1.09; p = 0.19). Among 2,974 participants not assigned to an active sodium intervention, 272 deaths occurred. There was a direct linear association between average sodium intake and mortality, with an HR of 0.75, 0.95, and 1.00 (references) and 1.07 (p trend = 0.30) for Conclusions We found an increased risk of mortality for high-sodium intake and a direct relationship with total mortality, even at the lowest levels of sodium intake. These results are consistent with a benefit of reduced sodium and sodium/potassium intake on total mortality over a 20-year period.
Economic Evaluations Comparing a Trial of Labor with an Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background For women who have had a previous low transverse cesarean delivery, the decision to undergo a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) or an elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD) has important clinical and economic ramifications. Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the alternative choices of a TOLAC and an ERCD for women with low-risk, singleton gestation pregnancies. Methods We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EconLit, and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry with no language, publication, or date restrictions up until October 2015. Studies were included if they were primary research, compared a TOLAC with an ERCD, and provided information on the relative cost of the alternatives. Abstracts and partial economic evaluations were excluded. Results Of 310 studies initially reviewed, 7 studies were included in the systematic review. In the base-case analyses, 4 studies concluded that TOLAC was dominant over ERCD, 1 study found ERCD to be dominant, and 2 studies found that although TOLAC was more costly, it offered more benefits and was thus cost-effective from a population perspective when considering societal willingness to pay for better outcomes. In sensitivity analyses, cost-effectiveness was found to be dependent on a high likelihood of TOLAC success, low risk of uterine rupture, and low relative cost of TOLAC compared with ERCD. Conclusions For women who are likely to have a successful vaginal delivery, routine ERCD may result in excess morbidity and cost from a population perspective.
Predictors for lymph nodes involvement in low risk endometrial cancer.

AbstractNeutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and BMI were examined as pre-operative predictors for lymph node metastases in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer. The study was a retrospective analysis of 534 endometrial cancer patients that underwent hysterectomy and lymph node dissection. Included subjects had a preoperative diagnosis of a grade 1 or 2 endometrioid carcinoma and no macroscopic extrauterine disease. We compared node-negative to node-positive patients to identify correlates of node-positive disease. The node-positive group presented with lower BMI than the node-negative group, 31.5 and 34.4, respectively (p = .03). The mean NLR was higher in the node-positive group 3.4 vs 2.9 (p = .08), showing a trend towards significance on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, lower BMI was found to be an independent predictor for nodal metastasis. Our data suggest that lower BMI is a risk factor for lymph nodes involvement in low-risk endometrial cancer.Impact statementMost endometrial cance...
The effect of air velocity and temperature on growth performance and stress indicators of weanling pigs

5 INTRODUCTION 6 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER DESIGN 11 Air Movement System 14 Fresh Air Injection System 19 Temperature Control 21 Humidity Control 22 Pig Behavior Monitoring System 23 CHAMBER CALIBRATION 29 CONCLUSIONS 32 REFERENCES 33 SECTION II. THE EFFECT OF AIR VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, GROUP BEHAVIOR, TIME OF DIGESTA PASSAGE, AND BLOOD INDICATORS OF WEANLING PIGS 35 ABSTRACT 36 INTRODUCTION 38 STATISTICAL DESIGN 41 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 44 Growth Performance 48 Pig Behavior 49 Standing factor ..... 52 Huddling factor 52 Floor area occupied by lying pigs 53 Time of Digesta Passage 54 Blood Indicators 57 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 62 Growth Performance 62 Pig Behavior 64
Four typologies of communication activism pedagogy

Communication Education editor Jonathan Hess has done the discipline a service by making space in this journal for a conversation about the ways teachers of communication can incorporate a sense of...
Lessons from the QSCR Structure for Quorum Sensing

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, along with various other gram-negative bacterial species, utilizes the process of quorum sensing to sense the surrounding environment and respond accordingly, which ultimately promotes its survival and virulence in human hosts. The small, lipid-diffusible signaling molecules known as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) play an integral role in regulating the quorum sensing system in P. aeruginosa. 3OC12-HSL is recognized by the AHL receptors LasR and QscR. The crystallographic structure of full-length QscR revealed a unique, symmetrical criss-crossed homodimer that is poised to bind DNA. Thus, QscR is the only full-length quorum sensing receptor bound to its endogenous signaling ligand (3OC12-HSL) that has been captured in the activated state. This chapter discusses the lessons learned from the structural studies of QscR, which have provided valuable insights into the varied mechanisms that QscR and other AHL receptors, including P. aeruginosa LasR, may use to respond to AHLs.
Abstract P053: Impaired Autophagosome Removal in Cardiomyocytes Triggers Programmed Necrosis in Mouse Hearts

Programmed cell death includes apoptosis and programmed necrosis. The latter is also known as necroptosis. A well-recognized feature of necrosis is the loss of membrane integrity of the dying cell, resulting in inflammatory responses at the surrounding tissue. Cells undergoing apoptosis, however, maintain their membrane integrity very well and hence do not trigger inflammation. These features are effectively captivated to detect necrotic cells. By assessing Evans Blue Dye (EBD) uptake and CD45+ leukocytes, we previously detected massive cardiomyocyte (CM) necrosis, before increased apoptosis was evident, in mouse hearts deficient of COP9 signalosome (CSN) subunit 8 (Csn8) ( Circ Res 2011; 108:40–50 ). We show here that the detection of necrosis is confirmed by immuno-detection of endogenous IgG inside the CM. We found that virtually all EBD positive cells were also mouse IgG positive whereas some of the IgG positive CMs, as expected, did not show increased EBD uptake, suggesting that probing intracellular IgG offers a simpler and even more sensitive method for detecting necrotic CMs in vivo. Notably, we were able to demonstrate that both the EBD uptake assay and the immuno-detection of intracellular IgG clearly have a resolution at the single cell level. We then explored the mechanism by which Csn8/CSN deficiency causes necrosis. Autophagosomes are accumulated due to a defect in their fusion with lysosomes in mouse hearts with perinatal CM-restricted Csn8 knockout (CR-Csn8KO) but the accumulation is heterogeneous among CMs likely due to a temporal heterogeneity of Csn8 gene ablation and/or a spatial difference in the microenvironment and functionality of different CMs. A remarkably higher percentage of CMs with greater autophagosome accumulation were undergoing necrosis than those with less or without autophagosome accumulation. Importantly, chronic lysosomal inhibition caused CM necrosis in wild type mice. Moreover, the protein levels of RIP1, RIP3 kinases and the RIP1-bound RIP3 were all significantly increased in the CR-Csn8KO heart. Taken together, these novel findings strongly suggest that impaired autophagosome removal causes CM necrosis in Csn8/CSN deficient hearts through likely activating the RIP1-RIP3 mediated necroptotic pathway.
Culture and Face Enactment

This chapter adds culture to the facework process. Concepts of national culture and cultural dimensions are laid out. The cultural dimensions power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, collectivism, power distance, masculinity, femininity, long-term orientation and short-term orientation are explained. Furthermore, concepts relating to those dimensions such as exclusionism, in-groups, out-groups, universalism, indulgence, restraint, monumentalism, self-promotion, and flexumility are also described. Schwartz’ theory and the GLOBE’s theory are presented. Then, related theory such as low-context and high-context communication as well as how harmony and hierarchy relate to communication are explicated. The functional approach is explained as well.
Myelopoietin, an engineered chimeric IL-3 and G-CSF receptor agonist, stimulates multilineage hematopoietic recovery in a nonhuman primate model of radiation-induced myelosuppression.

Myelopoietins (MPOs) constitute a family of engineered, chimeric molecules that bind and activate the IL-3 and G-CSF receptors on hematopoietic cells. This study investigated the in vivo hematopoietic response of rhesus monkeys administered MPO after radiation-induced myelosuppression. Animals were total body irradiated (TBI) in 2 series, with biologically equivalent doses consisting of either a 700 cGy dose of Cobalt-60 (60Co) γ-radiation or 600 cGy, 250 kVp x-irradiation. First series: On day 1 after 700 cGy irradiation, cohorts of animals were subcutaneously (SC) administered MPO at 200 μg/kg/d (n = 4), or 50 μg/kg/d (n = 2), twice daily, or human serum albumin (HSA) (n = 10). Second series: The 600 cGy x-irradiated cohorts of animals were administered either MPO at 200 μg/kg/d, in a daily schedule (n = 4) or 0.1% autologous serum (AS) , daily, SC (n = 11) for 23 days. MPO regardless of administration schedule (twice a day or every day) significantly reduced the mean durations of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 500/μL) and thrombocytopenia (platelet < 20 000/μL) versus respective control-treated cohorts. Mean neutrophil and platelet nadirs were significantly improved and time to recovery for neutrophils (ANC to < 500/μL) and platelets (PLT < 20 000/μL) were significantly enhanced in the MPO-treated cohorts versus controls. Red cell recovery was further improved relative to control-treated cohorts that received whole blood transfusions. Significant increases in bone marrow-derived clonogenic activity was observed by day 14 after TBI in MPO-treated cohorts versus respective time-matched controls. Thus, MPO, administered daily was as effective as a twice daily schedule for multilineage recovery in nonhuman primates after high-dose, radiation-induced myelosuppression.
Energy Transfer to the Hydrogen Bond in the (H2O)2 + H2O Collision

Trajectory procedures are used to study the collision between the vibrationally excited H2O and the ground-state (H2O)2 with particular reference to energy transfer to the hydrogen bond through the inter- and intramolecular pathways. In nearly 98% of the trajectories, energy transfer processes occur on a subpicosecond scale (≤0.7 ps). The H2O transfers approximately three-quarters of its excitation energy to the OH stretches of the dimer. The first step of the intramolecular pathway in the dimer involves a near-resonant first overtone transition from the OH stretch to the bending mode. The energy transfer probability in the presence of the 1:2 resonance is 0.61 at 300 K. The bending mode then redistributes its energy to low-frequency intermolecular vibrations in a series of small excitation steps, with the pathway which results in the hydrogen-bonding modes gaining most of the available energy. The hydrogen bonding in ∼50% of the trajectories ruptures on vibrational excitation, leaving one quantum in the ...
Properties and Sources of Common Ambient Air Pollutants

Air pollution has been around as long as human populations. Most likely one of the first major human causes of air pollution was fire. Along with the invention of fire, we assume, came exposure to various types of smoke. Interestingly, wood smoke is still a primary source of fine particulate matter air pollution in some areas where wood burning is used for home heat or cooking or for clearing of slash.
The role of market orientation, relational capital, and internationalization speed in foreign market exit and re-entry decisions under turbulent conditions

Abstract Firms’ internationalization strategies can vary with changing environments. Occasionally, a firm may choose to re-enter a foreign market it had abandoned in the past if environmental conditions have improved. The present study provides insight into the foreign market exit and subsequent re-entry processes. Specifically, we utilize the strategic flexibility perspective to investigate the impact of market orientation, relational capital, and internationalization speed on market exit and re-entry decisions under turbulence in a host market. Using a sample of 156 Turkish firms that operated during the Arab Spring in the Egyptian market between 2010 and 2015, we find that the market-oriented firms are more flexible in their market exit decisions than less market-oriented organizations. In addition, relational capital specific to the host country has a negative impact on market exit decisions under conditions of political conflict. The results also suggest that strong ties with partners in the host country increase the propensity to re-enter the market.
Jejunal diverticulitis in a healthy 91-year-old man

A 91-year-old African American man was admitted with sudden onset diffuse abdominal pain which radiated to the right flank. CT of the abdomen with contrast showed diverticula in the jejunum with adjacent inflammation and microperforation that was contained. Conservative therapy similar to colonic diverticulitis was effective. Although rare, our case highlights the importance of having an early and high suspicion for jejunal diverticulitis when patients present with non-specific abdominal symptoms in order to avoid perforation.
Pathway to support and growth: Feasibility of formalized peer mentoring in gynecologic cancer survivorship.

164Background: Peer support among cancer patients is understudied. Formal peer mentoring programs matching patients with survivor peers provides emotional and social support. Gynecological cancer p...
After DEFINITE, SCD-HeFT, COMPANION: Do We Need to Implant an ICD in All Patients With Heart Failure?

Recent clinical trials of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) suggest that up to 50% of the deaths in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) secondary to coronary artery disease (CAD) are sudden or arrhythmic in nature [1]. This incidence is lower in heart failure (HF) due to non-ischaemic aetiologies. As LVSD and symptom severity progress, overall mortality increases, yet the percentage of deaths classified as sudden decreases. In more recent clinical trials using angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and β-blockers, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II patients have an annual mortality of 6% with approximately 60% of these deaths sudden. However, NYHA class IV patients have an annual mortality of approximately 20% with only around 30% of these deaths sudden [2]. Attempts at identifying which patients with HF are at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) have met with limited success. To date, there is still no single best measurement to identify which HF patients will die from an arrhythmia rather than progressive LVSD. Simple clinical markers such as greater age, degree of LVSD, and severity of HF predict overall mortality but have low specificity for the mode of death. Syncope has been reported to be one specific clinical marker associated with increased SCD [3–5]. High-frequency ventricular ectopy does indicate a worse prognosis, yet controversy remains as to whether this is predictive of the mode of death rather than a reflection of the degree of LVSD [6, 7]. Inducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) during electrophysiology testing (EPS) has a low sensitivity in patients with non-ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It does predict an increased risk of SCD in ischaemic cardiomyopathy (CM), but does not predict overall mortality [8, 9].
A bioenergetics approach to developing a population consequences of acoustic disturbance model.

In an effort to know how measurable short-term responses result in biologically meaningful changes in populations, a National Research Council Committee developed the population consequences of acoustic disturbance (PCAD) framework (National Research Council 2005). This framework detailed how behavioral responses to sound may affect life functions, how life functions are linked to vital rates, and how changes in vital rates cause population change through a series of transfer functions. However, many of these transfer functions are poorly understood. Here a bioenergetics model is described that can be used to parameterize these transfer functions and can identify species and/or particular life history characteristics that are likely to be sensitive or resilient to acoustic disturbance.
Transformation of Wheat Via Particle Bombardment

The protocol described in this chapter was successfully used to produce the first transgenic plants of wheat. It involves high velocity bombardment of explants with DNA-coated microprojectiles (the biolistics procedure). It highlights the importance of selecting the right explants (immature embryos and/or embryogenic callus tissues), pre- and post-osmotic treatment, obtaining high levels of gene expression with the maize ubiquitin promoter, and stringent selection (with bar) during culture to obtain stably transformed and normal fertile plants. The protocol is used widely for genetic transformation of wheat.
The U.S. Labor Movement

In his chapter on the “paralysis of the labor movement” during the 1920s, Irving Bernstein (1970:83–84) wrote in The Lean Years that “a favorite sport” of journalists “was to denounce the American labor movement” and attribute its weakness to a lack of solidarity among union members, leadership corruption, and other factors. To the historian, organized labor in the 1920s “stood still as the main stream of American society swept by” (Bernstein 1970:84). Not until the late 1940s, after the great union organizing drives and surges in union membership in heavy industry, would organized labor, alongside the state and private corporation, become what C. Wright Mills (1948:223) termed one of the “three powerful bureaucracies in the U.S. political economy.”
Regularity for the Neumann Problem

In this chapter we study uniform regularity estimates for the Neumann boundary value problem $$\left\{ \begin{array}{lll}\mathcal{L_\varepsilon}(u_\varepsilon)=F & \mathrm{in}\;\Omega, \\ \left(\frac{\partial u_\varepsilon}{\partial v_\varepsilon}\right)^\alpha=g & \mathrm{on}\;\partial\Omega,\end{array}\right.$$ (6.0.1) , where \(\mathcal{L}_\varepsilon = -\mathrm{div}\left(A\left(x/\varepsilon\right)\nabla\right)\) and \(\frac{\partial u_\varepsilon}{\partial v_\varepsilon}\) denotes the conormal derivative of \(\partial u_\varepsilon\) defined by $$\left(\frac{\partial u_\varepsilon}{ \partial v_\varepsilon}\right)^\alpha = n_ia_{ij}^{\alpha\beta}\left(x/\varepsilon\right)\frac{\partial u_\varepsilon^\beta}{\partial x_j}.$$ (6.0.2)