cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collective epithelial cell sheet adhesion and migration on polyelectrolyte multilayers with uniform and gradients of compliance.

Abstract Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMUs) are tunable thin films that could serve as coatings for biomedical implants. PEMUs built layer by layer with the polyanion poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) modified with a photosensitive 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy) benzophenone (PAABp) group and the polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) are mechanically tunable by UV irradiation, which forms covalent bonds between the layers and increases PEMU stiffness. PAH-terminated PEMUs (PAH-PEMUs) that were uncrosslinked, UV-crosslinked to a uniform stiffness, or UV-crosslinked with an edge mask or through a neutral density optical gradient filter to form continuous compliance gradients were used to investigate how differences in PEMU stiffness affect the adhesion and migration of epithelial cell sheets from scales of the fish Poecilia sphenops (Black Molly) and Carassius auratus (Comet Goldfish). During the progressive collective cell migration, the edge cells (also known as ‘leader’ cells) in the sheets on softer uncrosslinked PEMUs and less crosslinked regions of the gradient formed more actin filaments and vinculin-containing adherens junctions and focal adhesions than formed in the sheet cells on stiffer PEMUs or glass. During sheet migration, the ratio of edge cell to internal cell (also known as ‘follower’ cells) motilities were greater on the softer PEMUs than on the stiffer PEMUs or glass, causing tension to develop across the sheet and periods of retraction, during which the edge cells lost adhesion to the substrate and regions of the sheet retracted toward the more adherent internal cell region. These retraction events were inhibited by the myosin II inhibitor Blebbistatin, which reduced the motility velocity ratios to those for sheets on the stiffer PEMUs. Blebbistatin also caused disassembly of actin filaments, reorganization of focal adhesions, increased cell spreading at the leading edge, as well as loss of edge cell-cell connections in epithelial cell sheets on all surfaces. Interestingly, cells throughout the interior region of the sheets on uncrosslinked PEMUs retained their actin and vinculin organization at adherens junctions after treatment with Blebbistatin. Like Blebbistatin, a Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y27632, promoted loss of cell-cell connections between edge cells, whereas a Rac1 inhibitor, NSC23766, primarily altered the lamellipodial protrusion in edge cells. Compliance gradient PAH-PEMUs promoted durotaxis of the cell sheets but not of individual keratocytes, demonstrating durotaxis, like plithotaxis, is an emergent property of cell sheet organization.
VALUES, ACTS, AND ACTORS Distinguishing Generic and Discriminatory Intolerance

Where tolerance is defined as a person's willingness to put up with political expression that the person finds objectionable, we see three prerequisites for tolerance. The person must support the general right of political expression, the general right of people to engage in the particular acts under consideration, and finally the right of members of even objectionable groups to engage in those specific acts. Many past studies of tolerance proceed directly from the first of these prerequisites to the third, and, in doing so, fail to distinguish between general attitudes regarding particular acts of expression (i.e., does the survey respondent support the right of people in general to hold public rallies) and attitudes regarding particular groups engaged in those same acts (i.e., does the respondent support the right of Communists or militia groups to hold public rallies). The consequence is ambiguity in interpretation of the meaning and etiology of tolerance, and in cross-national comparison. We demonstrate our concerns using data from a split-ballot survey conducted in Romania. Results reveal that accurate interpretation of Romanians' tolerance of the right of ethnic Hungarians to engage in various acts of political expression requires attention to respondents' general attitudes regarding those same acts.
The Discontinuous Finite Element Method for Polycrystalline Grain Growth With Convection

In this paper, a numerical study of the convection effect on polycrystalline grain growth is performed. The coupled two-dimensional polycrystalline phase field model, energy equation and Navier-Stokes equations are solved, which is based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. The numerical algorithm is validated, and the effect of the external convection flow is examined for growth of grains with different orientation.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Abstract 15822: Epidermacan: A Novel Stem Cell Derived Paracrine Factor Mediates Angiogenesis via Regulation of MicroRNAs

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression and play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vessel remodeling. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified to overexpress Akt-1 (Akt-MSCs) promote cardiac repair by expressing enhanced levels of paracrine factors such as Sfrp2, Vegf and Igf-1. Here, we identify epidermacan, a novel protein, as secreted by Akt-MSCs and explore the hypothesis that it promotes angiogenesis via regulation of microRNAs. Methods and Results: Epidermacan is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded secretory protein that contains fibronectin type III domains. A dramatic up-regulation of epidermacan mRNA in Akt-MSCs compared to control MSCs was revealed in microarray analysis, and was subsequently confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Epidermacan protein was present both in secreted form and membrane-associated form in cultured Akt-MSCs. His-tagged epidermacan recombinant protein produced in bacteria was used to study function of epidermacan in vitro . Our data show that epidermacan promotes human umbilical vein endothelial cell attachment, proliferation and tube formation in vitro . Further analysis using miRNA array profiling comparing epidermacan to known angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF revealed they shared a common miRNA signature. This list included known angiogenic miRNAs such as miR132, miR126*, miR424 and miR130a as well as novel miRNAs that were up-regulated by all three treatments. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggest that epidermacan is a novel stem cell derived paracrine factor that is up-regulated by Akt and promotes angiogenesis in vitro . Treatment with epidermacan is associated with an increase in angiogenic miRNA expression similar to the one induced by VEGF and/or FGF treatment. Experiments are currently in progress to identify the key miRNAs modulating the epidermacan angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo .
Exploiting carbon and nitrogen compounds for enhanced energy and resource recovery

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs), a recent technological discovery, allow for simultaneous wastewater treatment and desalination of saline water with concurrent electricity production. The premise for MDC performance is based on the principles that bioelectrochemical (BES) systems convert wastewaters into treated effluents accompanied by electricity production and the ionic species migration (i.e. protons) within the system facilitates desalination. One major drawback with microbial desalination cells (MDCs) technology is its unsustainable cathode chamber where expensive catalysts and toxic chemicals are employed for electricity generation. Introducing biological cathodes may enhance the system performance in an environmentally-sustainable manner. This study describes the use of autothrophic microorganism such as algae and Anammox bacteria as sustainable biocatalyst/biocathode in MDCs. Three different process configurations of photosynthetic MDCs (using Chlorella vulgaris) were evaluated for their performance and energy generation potentials. Static (fed-batch, SPMDC), continuous flow (CFPMDC) and a photobioreactor MDC (PBMDC, resembling lagoon type PMDCs) were developed to study the impact of process design on wastewater treatment, electricity generation, nutrient removal, and biomass production and the results indicate that PMDCs can be configured with the aim of maximizing the energy recovery through either biomass production or bioelectricity production. In addition, the microbial community analysis of seven different samples from different parts of the anode chamber, disclosed considerable spatial diversity in microbial communities which is a critical factor in sustaining the operation of MDCs. This study provides the first proof of concept that anammox mechanism can be beneficial in enhancing the sustainability of microbial desalination cells to provide simultaneous removal of ammonium from wastewater and contribute in energy generation.
Real Estate Returns by Strategy: Have Value-Added and Opportunistic Funds Pulled Their Weight?

Real estate strategies broadly fall into three categories: core, value-added and opportunistic. This empirical examination of net returns from these three strategies indicates that, on a risk-adjusted basis, the value-added funds have strongly underperformed and the returns from opportunistic funds have weakly underperformed the returns available from core funds. In so concluding, this article departs from standard asset-pricing models in two important respects: the total risk is used and the cost of borrowing increases as leverage increases. While the first departure has no substantive effect, the second departure lowers the estimate of the underperformance of noncore funds.
Response to a mindful self-compassion intervention in teens: A within-person association of mindfulness, self-compassion, and emotional well-being outcomes

As adolescence can be a stressful developmental stage, the purpose of this study was to determine if a novel mindful self-compassion program would decrease stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety and increase resilience, gratitude, and curiosity/exploration (positive risk-taking), and to ascertain if mindfulness and self-compassion co-varied with these outcomes over time. Forty-seven adolescents in the southeast U.S. enrolled in an 8-week mindful self-compassion course in five cohorts. Measures were assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6-week follow-up. Multilevel growth analyses revealed main effects of time on perceived stress, resilience, curiosity/exploration and gratitude. Additionally, both mindfulness and self-compassion co-varied with perceived stress and depressive symptoms; mindfulness also co-varied with anxiety and self-compassion co-varied with resilience and curiosity/exploration. Implications of these findings are that this program has potential in decreasing stress and increasing resilience and positive risk-taking. Future studies with a control group need to be conducted to confirm these findings.
Promoting Health, Well-Being, and Quality of Life in Occupational Therapy: A Commitment to a Paradigm Shift for the Next 100 Years

Since the inception of the profession of occupational therapy a century ago, a clarion call to link health with occupation and occupational engagement has been heard. For decades, leaders in the profession have emphasized the need for prevention and health promotion as well as for development of assessments and models linking health with occupation. This article addresses the need for an increased presence of occupational therapy in health and wellness, emphasizing participation over performance, to optimize the health, well-being, and quality of life of individuals, communities, and populations.
Childhood Obesity and Cognitive Function

Recent attention has focused on the association between childhood obesity and cognitive functioning. This chapter will review the current literature on the relationship among biological risk factors, overeating/overweight/obesity, and cognition, focusing specifically on children. Next, it will review the evidence linking childhood overweight to cognitive and executive function impairments. Finally, recommendations for treatment will be proposed. Given the neural development that occurs during childhood and adolescence, these periods may represent ideal times to intervene to prevent cognitive impairment. Alternatively, interventions targeting cognitive improvement may serve to prevent the development of overweight or may help reduce overweight among children.
Impacto de los sistemas de gestión en la productividad y competitividad. Estudio de caso de una industria cosmética

As a competitiveness strategy, many organizations have fulfilled quality management systems, these organizations have seen positive results in the effective implementation of integrated management systems in terms of competitiveness and productivity; This article is a case study of a company belonging to the makeup industry; this company has been certified in quality management systems under ISO 9001: 2008 in order to achieve advantages over competitors. Some of the advantages found are an increment in profits, reduction in waste material, reductions in rework processes and customer loyalty.
Extent of Aortic Replacement in Type A Dissection: Current Answers for an Endless Debate.

Background The proximal and distal extent of surgery for type A dissection is the subject of this review article. Methods In this review, we summarize select series that illumine the issue at hand and provide insight into the surgical approach at our institution to DeBakey type I aortic dissections. Results For proximal extent, we discuss preservation of the aortic valve in the presence of aortic insufficiency and management of the aortic root in the setting of root dilation. Distal extent of surgery for type A dissection has been a much more controversial topic. At our institution, we subscribe to the philosophy of ascending or hemiarch replacement alone for dissection under most circumstances. We describe when we believe a more aggressive arch replacement for type A dissection may be considered and detail the reports of other groups that have performed this operation more routinely. We also touch on the frozen elephant trunk operation and its role in type A dissection, although we believe it should be reserved for high-volume dedicated aortic centers. Finally, we conclude by discussing the role of experience in choosing aortic operations for type A dissection. Conclusions In our opinion, there is no single correct operation for a patient with type A dissection, but there is a correct operation for each surgeon and clinical scenario.
Testability and Empiricism

Much current research at the frontiers of particle physics and cosmology deals with problems and theories for which observational or experimental test appears impossible. Theories such as Superstrings, for example, hoping to provide a unified understanding of the gravitational force and the Standard Model of elementary particles and forces, deal with energies on a scale of 1019 GeV, far beyond any imaginable technology by which they might be tested, at least in any direct sense. For this reason, some scientists have alleged that science has reached a stage where the cosmology of the very early universe must take the place of laboratory experiment concerning extremely high-energy physics.
A glass neutron detector with machine learning capabilities

The detection of neutrons above background levels is an indication of nuclear materials, creating significant applications for handheld neutron detectors in homeland security. For such applications, a 10B and 6Li enriched, scintillating glass neutron detector was designed. The model is compact enough to be used as a handheld detector and is equipped with machine learning capabilities to determine the location of the source and discriminate a neutron from a gamma. Lithium Borosilicate glass samples, with up to 70% 10B and 6Li content, and doped with Tb and Eu, were engineered to optimize the performance of the detector. The scintillation properties and neutron/gamma detection capabilities of the glass samples were tested. The model detector's performance was simulated in Geant4 and the simulation data was utilized for machine learning to predict the location of the source with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The reported handheld neutron detector design with the implemented artificial intelligence capability can achieve 99.9% accuracy in neutron/gamma discrimination, 8.9% error in radial angle estimates, and 2.9% error in azimuthal angle estimates.
The association between attendings' feedback and residents' reporting of near-misses.

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education’s Clinical Learning Environment Review report suggests that residents in clinical learning environments underreport their near-misses, an indicator of patient safety. Furthermore, when the residents report these events, they receive little feedback from their attendings. Although, various studies emphasize the importance of feedback given to the residents, the association between feedback and patient safety has not been explored. This study was conducted in 28 emergency medicine residents in a level 1 trauma center. A recent study in the same cohort found that residents’ stress biomarker levels and patient acuity were positively related to their near-misses reports. The current study hypothesizes that residents that receive constructive feedback on their performance from their attendings would report more near-misses. Linear regression was used to determine whether ratings of attendings’ feedback predicted residents’ reports of near-misses. Feedback was positively related to residents’ near-misses reports even after controlling for patient acuity and stress biomarker levels. This may be due to the residents becoming more aware of what a near miss is or it may also be that constructive feedback encourages them to report more near-misses as they may view this as a learning opportunity.
Winter warming causes widespread shifts in the metabolome and hinders supercooling in Pieris rapae butterflies

Global climate change has the potential to devastate biological systems as organisms are exposed to novel temperature regimes. Increases in annual mean temperature have been accompanied by disproportionate rates of change in temperature across seasons, and winter is the season warming most rapidly. Yet, to our knowledge, no research has characterized the direct effects of winter warming on the biology of overwintering organisms. Here, we investigated the effects of winter warming stress on internal freezing temperatures (supercooling points) and metabolome profiles of diapausing Pieris rapae butterfly pupae. We show that after acute and chronic winter warming exposure, pupae had higher supercooling points and significant changes in metabolite abundances across the entire metabolome. Notably, there were warming-induced shifts in key biochemical pathways that likely support energy metabolism and cryoprotection. These physiological responses suggest that winter warming will threaten the survival of overwintering P. rapae pupae, and by extension winter warming may pose threats to other species that overwinter. Furthermore, we found evidence of local adaptation of supercooling in P. rapae, as we observed significantly lower supercooling points in Vermont individuals relative to North Carolina individuals. Moving forward, future research should focus on species-wide responses to winter warming events, particularly in the context of local warming patterns, to better predict how populations may differentially respond to changes in winter thermal environments.
Using coarse-grained models to examine structure-property relationships of diblock-arm star polymers

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations were used to verify that diblock-arm star polymers (SPs) can be accurately described using coarse-grained models. Each arm of the SPs examined consist of an inner polyethylene block and an outer polyethylene oxide block. A sixteen-arm SP with arm chemistry - C H 2 24 - C H 2 O C H 2 6 - H was mapped to a MARTINI coarse-grained representation and compared to results from atomistic simulations of an identical chemistry and architecture. Results for radius of gyration, radial distribution functions, and occupied volumes all show agreement with the atomistic model and reproduce general trends with respect to temperature. Additional measurements of interfacial area and anisotropy reveal that our model does not demonstrate crystallization of the polyethylene blocks at low temperatures as observed in the atomistic model which can be ascribed to the reduction in degrees of freedom that follow from coarse-graining. Calculated values for relaxation times agree with the general trends from the atomistic simulations. Nineteen additional coarse-grained star polymers were examined in order to investigate structure-property relationships that arise by varying arm number and arm length. The ability to model these chemical species at this resolution will allow for simulations of polymeric nanocarriers in more complex environments including at increased concentrations and near surfaces. This work demonstrates an important first step in work that will enable improved design of these polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery applications.
Power Network Component Vulnerability Analysis: A Machine Learning Approach

Abstract The U.S. has defined a number of critical infrastructures, the disruption of which “would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters.” Among these critical infrastructures is the electric power network that has a crucial role in enabling the operation of societies and industries. In the past decades, the functionality of the power network has been vulnerable to numerous disruptive events, including natural hazards, human-made events, or common failures. This work leverages several publicly available big data sets to lay the foundation for a comprehensive characterization and analysis of the U.S. power network in order to propose a network component vulnerability measure adopting machine learning techniques. The non-linear machine learning model is implemented to create smarter component cataloging for vulnerability analysis based on its geographic location and criticality. The findings could be useful by the grid stakeholder and policymakers to (i) evaluate network stability, (ii) understand the risk of cascading failure, and (iii) improve the resilience of the overall network and moving toward resilient smart grids.
Hurricane Katrina: A Story of Race, Poverty, and Environmental Injustice

Examines the racially disparate impact of Hurricane Katrina, grounded in historical neglect of the flood protection of black neighborhoods, as well as examining the role of large corporations in worsening the tragedy. To respond, the article calls of a “Millions of Voices” project by which the NAACP could organize e-conversations throughout the affected areas, using communications techniques being pioneered in India, as well as calling upon an early project of Thomas Jefferson’s that suggested organizing small, linked caucuses in Congressional districts to keep Members of Congress accountable.
Laboratory Test for Measuring Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation

Whether a pressurized structure will leak or burst when suddenly cracked depends on the material’s resistance to rapid crack propagation and its ability to arrest a crack. Thus, the governing material property, namely the stress intensity-crack velocity relationship, is necessary input for designing pressurized pipes and vessels and establishing safe operating conditions. Unfortunately, this material property is not easily measured, and reliable data do not generally exist. This paper describes and presents results from rapid fracture experiments on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) compact tension specimens and analyzes published data from other specimen geometries. After a certain propagation distance, the stress intensity at a fast moving crack front, KID, is governed by the initial stress intensity, KQ, and the dynamic response of the specimen. A plot relating KID/KQ to normalized crack length, a/W, unifies the RCP test data and defines a master curve for the specific specimen geometry. The results suggest a practical and simple method for measuring toughnesses associated with rapidly running and arresting cracks, and hence a route for managing catastrophic failure of pressurized structures.
The Siren Song of State Amazon Laws: The Colorado Example

In Direct Marketing Association v. Huber, Judge Robert E. Blackburn of the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado preliminarily enjoined the executive director of Colorado’s Department of Revenue from enforcing Colorado’s new "Amazon" law. Judge Blackburn‘s decision enjoining the enforcement of Colorado’s Amazon law indicates the futility of state efforts to collect use taxes on internet and mail order purchases absent federal legislation authorizing such efforts. The only (and overdue solution) is for Congress to enact federal legislation overturning Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, thereby permitting the states to enforce use tax collection responsibilities on out-of-state sellers including those sellers which lack physical presence in the taxing state.It is unsurprising that Amazon laws appeal to legislators and governors scrambling for tax revenues in a challenging budgetary environment. However, Judge Blackburn’s opinion confirms that, under current law, Amazon laws like Colorado’s are fiscal siren songs, seductive but ultimately forbidden.
Clustering under the influence of electrostatic forces

Abstract Using the approach of Jackson and Grace & Tuot to analyze the ability of a gas-solid transport to form clusters of particles, an electrostatic force was incorporated into the analysis. The analysis does not include any frictional forces due to particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. Electrostatic forces are shown to decrease the distance in which clusters will form. The effect is strongly influenced by the particle size, with smaller particles having shorter growth distances. The effect of the parameters gas velocity, voidage and charge are explored.
Earth Summit Science, policy discussed

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the “Earth Summit,” convenes in Rio de Janeiro on June 3. President Bush has pledged to attend part of the 2-week conference. The highlight of the summit will be the signing of an international framework convention to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The final elements of the agreement were negotiated in New York last week by representative of 143 countries. In anticipation of the Rio conference, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources held two standing-roomonly hearings, reviewing the scientific basis for global warming due to greenhouse gases and discussing the details of the proposed convention.
Thermally induced changes in metal solubility of contaminated soils is linked to mineral recrystallization and organic matter transformations.

Soils are biogeochemical systems under continual modification by biological and chemical processes. Trace element solid-solution partitioning is thus influenced by long-term changes to these solid phases. We study Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu solution speciation and solid-phase dynamics in two soils of volcanic origin (Te Akatea and Egmont, high in noncrystalline aluminosilicates), an oxisol from Brazil (Oxisol, high in oxides of Al and Fe), and several sludge-treated soils (labeled NYS soils, high in organic materials). Total soluble (by ICP) and labile (by ASV) concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were determined after incubation of the soils for about 1.5 yr at room (23 °C) and elevated (70 °C) temperatures. Changes occurring to the solid phases were monitored by FTIR and extraction with oxalate and pyrophosphate. It is shown that induced hydrolysis or decomposition of organic materials in soils results in increases in both labile and total soluble concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in solution. Labile and tot...
The monthly labor review The early struggles of a burgeoning giant, 1915–1925 [1]

Abstract A descriptive account of the early years of the Monthly Labor Review is presented in this article. Particular attention is paid to the government publishing environment of that time. The MLR 's early struggles with the House Committee on Appropriations and the Joint Committee on Printing are also examined.
Microwave Detection of Rust Under Paint and Composite Laminates

Abstract Accurate, reliable, and early detection of rust/corrosion under paint and laminate composites in many industrial and military applications is of great concern and interest. Although there are several methods for detecting rust under paint, they all have their respective limitations. Microwave nondestructive and noncontact inspection techniques are well suited for the early and reliable detection of rust under various paints and composite laminates. In this paper, the potential of utilizing open-ended rectangular waveguide sensors for detecting rust under paint and laminate composites is investigated theoretically and experimentally. An electromagnetic model describing the interaction of microwave signals radiating from an open-ended rectangular waveguide with a stratified dielectric structure is used to model the presence of rust under paint and a composite laminate coating. For the experimental investigations, we used a rusted steel specimen that was painted over by common spray paint to as much...
Demographics of individual housing demand

Abstract There has been little systematic treatment of demographic variables in the housing literature. This paper reviews methods used to include demographic variables in demand systems. It then discusses their inclusion in a system of housing demand equations in which tenure choice and demand are jointly determined and estimated. Explanatory power is enhanced substantially in both the tenure choice and the demand regressions by demographic variables. Elasticities at means are not substantively changed by demographic variables, but elasticities away from the means are sensitive to their inclusion. Blacks are slightly more likely to own than whites, all else equal; white demand, however, is 4.5 to 26.5 percent higher than black demand.
Confounding by linkage disequilibrium

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and confounding are two widely discussed concepts in Genetics and in Epidemiology, yet their relationship has received only intuitive or no considerations. Taken in the narrow sense, LD refers to the nonrandom association of alleles at two or more linked genetic loci. The degree to which these alleles are associated is the basis behind genetic association studies whereby the genetic variation across target chromosomal intervals or over the entire genome is captured by a set of representative genetic markers (tagging markers). The denomination of ‘linkage' is somehow misleading because LD is a special case of the more general gametic phase disequilibrium (GPD),1 which also occurs between variants at the mitochondrial and nuclear loci in the form of cytonuclear disequilibrium.2 Confounding occurs when an extraneous factor, or a set of factors, can at least partially explain an apparent association or a lack of an apparent association between a risk factor and the outcome. In the former case, the confounding variable, or confounder, causes the association to appear, whereas in the second case the confounder masks a real association.3 The classical example is the apparent increase of risk for heart disease with alcohol consumption, an association that might in fact be due to cigarette smoking, a covariate highly correlated with alcohol consumption.4 With the flood of genetic association data published over the last few years, and the many others to come, it is the expectation that an increased number of the reported associations will be false findings or considered as such. As false finding is the common explanation for unexpected (irrelevant) but statistically significant associations, in most cases these findings are not followed-up. Nevertheless, associations appealing to common sense (association between marital status and cutaneous lymphoma) or as intriguing as they may appear (validated association between height and uterine fibroids) have been reported; these associations could be explained by mere LD, more precisely they might result from confounding by LD or GPD between loci influencing height and uterine fibroids.
Bridging the Academic Research and Business Practice with the New Media

Much academic research on information technology IT, systems IS, and management IM has been branded by practitioners in business as unusable, irrelevant, and unreadable. Consequently, it is highly unlikely that conventional outlets for such work, e.g. scholarly journals and conference proceedings can receive significant real-world exposure. By reversing the push-pull dynamics of information dissemination and retrieval in the New Media, alternative approaches are emerging. This article presents the history of a case in point with data recorded over a period of 15 months. It is shown that the Internet in general, and the World Wide Web in particular, will be a significant resource in bridging the gap between practice and relevant research.
Investigation of Molecular Motions by Lee-Goldburg Cross-Polarization NMR Spectroscopy

We demonstrate the use of Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization (LG-CP) NMR under fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) to investigate the amplitude and geometry of segmental motions in biomolecular and polymeric solids. Motional geometry information was previously available only from 2 H NMR, which, however, has limited site resolution and requires site-specific isotopic labeling. Using a 2D LG-CP technique, we resolve the 1 3 C- 1 H or 1 5 N- 1 H dipolar couplings according to the 1 3 C or 1 5 N isotropic chemical shift. Applications to systems undergoing 180° phenylene ring flips show spectral line shapes reflecting the geometry of the motion. Using this LG-CP technique, we measured the 1 3 C- 1 H and 1 5 N- 1 H dipolar couplings in the water-soluble and membrane-bound states of the colicin la channel domain. The backbone motions of the membrane-bound colicin scale both the Ca-Ha and N-H couplings similarly, thus ruling out rotation of the α-helices around their axes as a specific mechanism of motion. We also show that the sensitivity of the LG-CP spectra can be enhanced by the addition of a phase-inverted 1 H- 1 3 C cross-polarization step, and the site resolution of the 1 5 N- 1 H LG-CP spectra can be enhanced by 1 3 C indirect detection.
THE CATABOLISM OF PROTEIN ANTIGENS IN THE NEWBORN AND MATURING RABBIT

The rate of degradation, organ deposition, and blood clearance of SBSA, SRSA, and IRSA has been measured in the newborn, 6-, and 30-day-old rabbits. When the animals were injected with a weight-graded dose of the 3 proteins, differences in their catabolism in the newborns were demonstrable as compared to the 6-, and 30-day-old animals. The capacity to degrade the azo compounds was shown to be incompletely developed at birth. At 6 days of age, however, the rabbits catabolized these proteins much at the same rate as the 30-day-old animals. Addition of the benzenesulfonate moiety determined the rate of degradation organ deposition and excretion rather than the carrier protein when the azo compounds were injected. The biosynthetically labeled S(25) rabbit serum albumin (IRSA) was catabolized at a slower rate than the azoproteins in all age groups. Very little difference in the metabolism and organ deposition of the IRSA was shown to exist between the newborn and maturing animals. A dosage schedule, therefore, designed to test the immunological capacity of developing animals may not be valid when calculated upon body weight. The low level of activity of enzyme systems present at birth which degrade anti-genic material may serve as an explanation as to why this period of development is so vulnerable to the induction of tolerance rather than immunity when compared to the adult.
Monoamines and Protein Intake: Are Control Mechanisms Designed to Monitor a Threshold Intake or a Set Point?

The concentration of TYR in brain changes directly with dietary protein content in the 0-10% PE range, but not higher. The effect is large: TYR concentrations rise as much as two- to threefold between 0% and 10% dietary protein content. This increase produces a clear stimulation of the rate of catecholamine synthesis, observed both for DA and NE, and notably in the hypothalamus, a brain area involved in appetite regulation. A similar relationship to chronic dietary protein intake may also exist for tryptophan and its neurotransmitter product, 5HT. Because the natural diet of rats, the animal model most commonly used in such studies, typically contains between 6% and 14% protein, and may contain less under unfavorable environmental circumstances, rats in the wild may frequently operate on the portion of the protein intake curve producing maximal changes in brain TYR (and perhaps TRP) concentrations. If so, then the production of catecholamines and 5HT may be similarly affected. By such a scenario, the brain might receive information regarding the animal's success in acquiring adequate amounts of protein in its diet. A similar argument can also be made for monkeys in the wild, based on their dietary habits, and thus possibly for humans. From this perspective, animals are hypothesized to monitor/regulate their intake of protein based on a threshold, rather than a set-point model. This notion is not new or unique to amino acids. For example, one current notion of leptin action is that it serves as a signal for energy intake important during periods of deficiency, but not excess. More generally, given the primacy in nature of the need to acquire adequate amounts of food in order to survive and reproduce, and the difficulty in achieving this nutritional goal, it may be that appetite control mechanisms have evolved in nature to center more on attaining and exceeding adequacy than on maintaining intake around a set-point well in excess of adequacy.
Place bonding for recreation places : Conceptual and empirical development

Abstract Place bonding is a common phenomenon in many recreation areas, where people develop an affective and cognitive based attachment to special resource settings. Conceptually, place bonding is fairly well understood; empirically it is less so. In this study, a five dimensional orientation to place bonding of trout anglers for a wild and scenic stream was conceptually and empirically developed. The dimensions of place familiarity, belongingness, identity, dependence, and rootedness were examined by having respondents (n = 203) rate a 26‐item scale of recreation place bonding. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses produced a five‐dimension solution to place bonding. The five‐dimensional model was examined for convergent validity and predictive validity, with the latter predicting 75% of variance in an overall measure of place bonding. Research and management implications are discussed for recreation resource place bonding.
DETERMINANTS OF PRIMACY FOR ITEMS IN CONTINUOUS SERIAL LEARNING

This study investigates the learning of continuous serial lists of nonsense syllables in terms of the strategies by which Ss select the syllables to be learned first. Three hypotheses were tested and verified by the results: (a) Ss select the first temporal item of a series as cognitively first when instructional and structural bases for differentiation are not provided by E; (b) Ss also tend to cognize a structurally isolated item as first in the series; and (c) the relative effectiveness of these two anchoring tendencies depends upon the position of the structurally isolated syllable within the temporal series. Results support the theory that the cognition of one or more “beginning” items establishes the serial-position curve because the anchors provided by these items, which are learned first, facilitate the acquisition of the remaining items.
Alkylphenol ethoxylate degradation products in land-applied sewage sludge (biosolids)

Alkylphenol ethoxylates, widely used in commercial and household detergents in the United States, can degrade during the wastewater treatment process to more toxic, estrogenic, and lipophilic compounds. These include octylphenol (OP), nonylphenols (NPs), nonylphenol monoethoxylates (NP1EOs), and nonylphenol diethoxylates (NP2EOs). These compounds have received considerable attention due to their acute toxicity and ability to disrupt the endocrine system. In Europe, regulations have been established to control their impact on the environment. In this study, biosolids derived from all 11 U.S. wastewater treatment plants examined contained detectable levels of OP, NPs, NP1EOs, and NP2EOs. Nine exceeded the current Danish land application limit (30 mg/kg; sum of NPs, NP1EOs, and NP2EOs) by 6-33x. NPs were the major component, and their concentrations therein ranged from 5.4 to 887 mg/kg (dry weight). OP, reportedly 10-20x more estrogenic than NP, was detected in these same nine biosolids at levels up to 12.6 mg/kg. Three biosolids were also subjected to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Method 1311. NPs and NP1EOs were both detected in the leachate; the former at concentrations from 9.4 to 309 microg/L. On the basis of effect levels published in the literature, alkylphenol ethoxylate degradates in U.S. biosolids may cause adverse environmental impacts.
Unlimited Electron Acceleration in Laser-Driven Plasma Waves

It is shown that the limitation to the energy gain of $2{(\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}})}^{2}m{c}^{2}$ of an electron in the laser-plasma beat-wave accelerator can be overcome by imposing a magnetic field of appropriate strength perpendicular to the plasma wave. This accelerates particles parallel to the phase fronts of the accelerating wave which keeps them in phase with it. Arbitrarily large energy is theoretically possible.
Decisional Capacity Among Minors With HIV: A Model for Balancing Autonomy Rights With the Need for Protection

The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to describe the relevant ethical and legal issues associated with decisional capacity among minors and to discuss the importance of these concepts for children and adolescents living with HIV; (2) to provide a framework for assessing the decisional capacity of children and adolescents with HIV; and (3) to present a model for thinking about how to use this assessment data to guide action along the protection-autonomy continuum.
Use of HIV primary care by HIV-positive Haitian immigrants in Miami, Florida

Little is known about the use of HIV primary care among Haitian immigrants in the USA. The present study utilizes data from a survey of HIV-positive Haitians recruited from an HIV primary care clinic in Miami, Florida, to examine barriers and facilitators of regular use of HIV care by this population. Selection of measures was guided by the Andersen Model of Health Services Utilization for Vulnerable Populations. The dependent variable, regular use of HIV primary care, was operationalized as completion of four or more HIV primary care visits during the previous 12 months. Of the 96 participants surveyed, approximately three-fourths did not graduate from high school and reported an annual income of up to $5000. Seventy-nine percent of participants completed four or more visits in the past year. On univariate as well as multivariate analyses, participants without formal education or those with high psychological distress were significantly less likely to have used HIV primary care regularly than those who attended school or who were less distressed, respectively. The findings emphasize the need for health care practitioners to pay close attention to the education level and the mental health status of their Haitian HIV patients. The data also suggest that once these individuals are linked to care and offered assistance with their daily challenges, they are very likely to stay connected to care and to take their antiretroviral medicines.
Surface energy and surface stress tensor in an atomistic model

Abstract Atomic calculations of surface energies and surface stresses for a potential modelling iron (001) surfaces are performed. Surface relaxations are found to be important in computing surface stress. The Shuttleworth-Herring equation is verified for a system with given constraints, but several possible sets of constraints give different values for surface properties. Several variants of expressions for computing surface stresses are presented.
An alternative to CFD: piecewise linear models for frequency spectra of flow induced drag in hard disk drives

A method is proposed to estimate the flow-induced drag on the actuator arm inside a hard disk drive. Typically, drag forces and moments on the actuator are computed as part of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution of the flow field in the entire drive. Unidirectional coupling from the flow to the structure is then imposed to determine the structural response of the arm to the flow induced forcing. The methodology proposed here aims to reduce the simulation time associated with the flow calculations by directly estimating the forcing functions. The approach involves fitting a piecewise linear model (PLM) to the forcing frequency spectrum and interpolating or extrapolating the model to provide estimates of the spectrum at different points in the parameter space. A simple guideline for the formulation of such models is the conservation of energy between the CFD and PLM spectrum. Numerical experiments show that the linear models predict the behavior of arm to within 3% accuracy of the full CFD solution. The proposed technique is applied to two parameters: the disk RPM and the radial position of the arm. Clear trends are manifested for both parameters, making it possible to use this method to estimate forcing functions for a range of disk speeds and radial positions of the arm. This technique opens up the possibility of flow related design or optimization, which was previously thought to be prohibitively expensive.
Reconfigurable simulation visualizer

In the past, visualization systems have been constructed to work with a single application or venue. By dismissing the notion, a visualizer can be created which is flexible enough to be configured to the user's viewing requirements just prior to execution. Going one step further, requirements that change during execution can also be addressed by this visualizer as the analysis of a simulation progresses. Allowing the user to reconfigure their visualization style, mode and information provides a more flexible method of optical analysis than previously possible.
Moiré photography as a means of topographical mapping of the human face

Moire photography provides a method for quantitative determination of the contours of the human body which requires minimal patient discomfort and provides results without computer or optical processing associated with other methods. The construction and operation of a Moire apparatus is described and its application for the evaluation of the contours of the human face illustrated.
Malignant coronary artery disease in young asian indians: Thoughts on pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy

Asian Indians have the highest rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) of any ethnic group studied, despite the fact that nearly half of this group are life-long vegetarians. CAD occurs early in age and generally follows a malignant course. Although the incidence of classic risk factors is low, high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, high lipoprotein(a) levels, hyperinsulinemia, and apple-type obesity all show a substantial prevalence in this population. Aggressive modification of life style beginning before adolescence seems justified in view of the malignant nature of CAD in this population. Pharmacologic intervention similar to that of secondary prevention of CAD seems justified as primary prevention in high-risk Asian Indians.