cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of varying ferromagnetic anisotropy on exchange-bias in [Pt/Co]3/NiO(11 Å) multilayers

Abstract An investigation has been performed on the effect of varying ferromagnetic anisotropy on the exchange biasing field, its temperature dependence, and blocking temperature in [Pt(5 A )/Co( t Co )] 3 /NiO(11 A ) multilayers. The ferromagnetic easy axis switches from out-of-plane to in-plane on increasing the Co layer thickness tCo. After field cooling along out-of-plane and in-plane directions, respectively, a number of interesting features have been observed. The in-plane exchange field is much lower than the out-of-plane one, and goes to zero at a much lower blocking temperature. Both the in-plane and out-of-plane blocking temperatures drop with increasing Co layer thickness. The temperature dependence of the out-of-plane exchange field displays two distinct regions, which are separated by a temperature TCr close to the in-plane blocking temperature TB=35 K at tCo=20 A. The exchange field decreases linearly in both regions but with a much steeper slope below TCr. These features are considered to be related to the variation of interfacial NiO spin structures with the ferromagnetic anisotropy easy axis and the temperature behavior of the NiO anisotropies.
Ultrahigh energy predictions of proton-air cross sections from accelerator data: An update

At $\sqrt{s}=57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7$ TeV, the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) measured the $p$-air inelastic production cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{air}}^{\mathrm{prod}}=475\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}22(\mathrm{stat}){\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}_{15}^{20}(\mathrm{syst})$ mb, assuming a proton cosmic ray beam with a 25% helium contamination. From a Glauber calculation, they found the inelastic $pp$ cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{inel}}=90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7(\mathrm{stat}){\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}_{11}^{9}(\mathrm{syst})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5(\mathrm{Glaub})$ mb. Our parameterization of $\overline{p}p$ and $pp$ total cross sections, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$, using analyticity constraints and unitarity gives accurate extrapolations to ultrahigh energies, and after using a Glauber calculation, accurate predictions for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{air}}^{\mathrm{prod}}$. We find (i) a $pp$ total cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}=133.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6$ mb and (ii) ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{air}}^{\mathrm{prod}}=483\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ mb, independently determining a 19% helium contamination. Using our 57 TeV value for $pp$ ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ [M. M. Block and F. Halzen, arXiv:1109-2041], we find a $pp$ inelastic cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{inel}}=92.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6$ mb, agreeing with POA.
Comorbidity measurement in elderly female breast cancer patients with administrative and medical records data

The inter-rater reliability, cross-source (Medicare claims versus medical record) agreement, and ability to predict all-cause mortality of three aggregate comorbidity indices were evaluated in a group of 404 elderly, incident breast cancer cases identified from the Virginia Cancer Registry and linked to Medicare administrative data files. Comorbidity was based on both medical records and Medicare claims data using indices from Charlson et al (1987), Satariano and Ragland (1994), and Kaplan and Feinstein (1974). Inter-rater agreement was good for all indices (kappas ≥ 0.80). Agreement between comorbidity indices measured by claims and medical records was considerably poorer (kappas between 0.30 and 0.40). However, claims-based and medical records-based comorbidity indices were similarly associated with mortality. For the Charlson index, the index best predicting survival, the adjusted relative risk for an increase from a lower to higher comorbidity category was 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.23, 1.78) based on medical records compared to 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.23, 1.93) based on Medicare claims. The claims-based Charlson index score still appeared to be associated with survival (relative risk = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.00, 1.70) after controlling for the medical records-based score. This suggests that both comorbidity data sources add valuable prognostic information and, conversely, that the use of either source alone will result in some misclassification of comorbidity.
Loop Dynamics and Ligand Binding Kinetics in the Reaction Catalyzed by the Yersinia Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase

The Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatase (YopH) contains a loop of ten amino acids (the WPD loop) that covers the entrance of the active site of the enzyme during substrate binding. In this work the substrate mimicking competitive inhibitor p-nitrocatechol sulfate (PNC) is used as a probe of the active site. The dynamics of the WPD loop was determined by subjecting an equilibrated system containing YopH, PNC, and YopH bound to PNC to a laser induced temperature jump, and subsequently following the change in equilibrium due to the perturbation. Using this methodology the dynamics associated with substrate binding in YopH have been determined. These results indicate that substrate binding is coupled to the WPD loop motion, and WPD loop dynamics occur in the sub-millisecond time scale. The significance of these dynamic results is interpreted in terms of the catalytic cycle of the enzyme.
Technology in libraries: six rules for management

The introduction of technology will make the delivery of information services more efficient; it will also produce organizational change. Efficiency and change can be introduced most effectively where six management rules are followed: 1) become informed, 2) discriminate, 3) understand finances, 4) select knowledgeable personnel, 5) know one's organization, and 6) manage people wisely.
Unusual Magnetic Properties of Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons

The edge-induced magnetism of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has been found to be highly unstable at room temperature, thus making it difficult for spintronics applications under ambient conditions. Using first-principles calculations, we propose a way to overcome this problem by embedding transition-metal atoms into functionalized GNRs. We show that due to low or vanishing reaction barriers, 3d transition-metal atoms can be easily embedded into GNR once they are functionalized by −F or −CN groups. A systematic study of these materials shows fascinating magnetic properties; Co-embedded systems not only have high magnetic anisotropy energies hundreds of times larger than that of pure GNR and bulk Co, but also, the magnetic preferential directions can be switched by an electric field. Mn-embedded systems exhibit giant magnetic moments and half-metallicity with greatly enhanced stability. Under a small amount of biaxial strain, the magnetic moment of every Mn atom in such a Mn-embedded system can be increased b...
Locally Advanced Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report of Successful Treatment with Radiation and Chemotherapy

The development of breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare phenomenon. A typical presentation is an effusion associated with a breast implant. Less commonly, disease can become more advanced locoregionally or distantly. The optimal treatment schema is a topic of debate: localized ALCL can potentially be cured with implant removal alone, while other cases in the literature, including those that are more advanced, have been treated with varying combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and external beam radiotherapy. This is a case report of breast implant ALCL with pathologically proven lymph node involvement, the fifth such patient reported. Our patient experienced a favorable outcome with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Bioavailability of soil-sorbed biphenyl to bacteria

Limited bioavailability of organic pollutants in soil may be a detriment to the successful application of bioremediation. The availability of soil-sorbed biphenyl to two biphenyl-degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas putida P106 and Rhodococcus erythropolis NY05, was assessed using a kinetic mineralization assay. Biphenyl was aged in four soils of different organic carbon (OC) contents (0.4−7.8%) for up to 274 days. With a biphenyl-soil contact time of 24 h, the initial mineralization rates (IMRs) ranged from 2.6 to 3.5 μg·L-1·min-1 for strain P106 and from 3.8 to 0.92 μg·L-1·min-1 for strain NY05. These IMRs were higher than those of soil-free controls and those predicted by a coupled desorption/biodegradation model, suggesting both strains of bacteria could access soil-sorbed biphenyl. For strain P106, biphenyl mineralization curves in slurries of four different soils were nearly coincident with those in soil-free systems containing the same total mass of biphenyl. This strain appeared to have immediate and c...
Smartphone Analysis and Optimization based on User Activity Recognition

Behavior of smartphone systems is highly influenced by user interactions, such as `zooming' and `scrolling', which determine the execution phases within applications and lead to different power and performance demands. Current power and thermal management algorithms are agnostic to these behaviors. We propose a novel user activity recognition framework that enables user activity-aware system decisions. The proposed framework carefully monitors system events initiated by user interactions and identifies the current user activity based on an online activity model. We implemented the proposed framework in Android platform, and tested it on Qualcomm MDP 8660 smartphone. To show the practical value of our recognition strategy, we design effective power and thermal management policies that adapt system settings to user activity changes. Our experimental results using 10 real mobile applications show that the proposed proactive management technique can reduce the CPU energy by up to 28% while meeting a given thermal constraint.
Congenital Absence of the Major Salivary Glands and Impaired Lacrimal Secretion in a Child: Case Report

MRI is used to confirm absence o f salivary glands in a 5-year-old girl. The case of a 5-year-old girl with a lifelong history of xerostomia, poor dentition and decreased lacrimal gland secretion is presented. To our knowledge, this is the youngest reported patient with such symptoms and the first case confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging.
Mass spectra of various deuterium-labelled forms of bis-O-trimethylsilyl-N-acetylsphinganine.

Abstract The mass spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivative of N-acetylsphinganine (dihydrosphingosine) has been studied in detail. Origins, structures and mechanisms of formation of the principal ions are supported by deuterium labelling and exact masses. The ions formed on electron impact ionization at 70 eV can be divided into two main categories with respect to electron abstraction from one of the oxygen atoms or the nitrogen atom on the long-chain carbon backbone.
Psychophysical investigation of the effect of coring on perceived toner scatter

The use of color electrophotographic (EP) laser printing systems is growing because of their declining cost. Thus, the print quality of color EP laser printers has become increasingly important. Since text and lines are indispensable to print quality, many studies have proposed methods for measuring these print quality attributes. Toner scatter caused by toner overdevelopment in color EP laser printers can significantly impact print quality. A conventional ap- proach to reduce toner overdevelopment is to restrict the color gamut of printers. However, this can result in undesired color shifts and the introduction of halftone texture. Coring, defined as a pro- cess where the colorant level is reduced in the interior of text or characters, is a remedy for these shortcomings. The desired amount of reduction for coring depends on line width and overall nominal colorant level. In previous work, these amounts were chosen on the basis of data on the perception of edge blur obtained from softcopy simulation of the blurring. We describe psychophysical studies to directly establish optimal coring values as a function of line width and nominal colorant level. For each line width and nominal colorant level, this is done by asking human subjects to choose the minimum amount of coring that is necessary to eliminate the perception of toner scatter. We conduct four separate psychophysical studies to address different aspects of this question. © 2010 SPIE and
The association of reproductive and menstrual characteristics and colon and rectal cancer risk in Wisconsin women

Abstract Reproductive and menstrual characteristics were ascertained by telephone interview from Wisconsin women with newly reported diagnoses of carcinoma of the colon (n = 536) and rectum (n = 243) and 2315 population control subjects. The relationships of parity, age at first full-term pregnancy, age at menarche, regularity and length of menstrual cycles, age at menopause, and type of menopause to colon and rectal cancer were examined. In our study population, no reproductive or menstrual characteristics were significantly associated with colon cancer, although subsite analyses suggested an increased risk for transverse colon cancer in women reporting irregular menstrual cycles. Only parity was associated with rectal cancer, women who had given birth five or more times were at significantly lower risk compared to those who werenulliparous (odds ratio: 0.60; confidence interval: 0.36, 0.99). The odds ratio per birth also suggested an inverse association. These data give little support to the hypothesis that female reproductive events modify colon and rectal cancer risk.
GENERALIZED KUNETZ‐TYPE EQUATIONS*

A Kunetz equation is often used as the starting point in the development of solutions for the inversion of one-dimensional, noise free, normal incident seismograms, for which |ro|= 1. In this paper we demonstrate a need for a Kunetz-type equation in which filtered signals can be used, so that noise effects can be reduced. We then show that an infinite number of Kunetz-type equations exist for the lossless wave equation in layered media. Finally, we show that it is indeed valid to formulate and solve the inverse problem using filtered signals.
Preparation of xrd single-phase thallium 2-1-2-2 and 2-2-2-3 compounds by a two-step heating method

Abstract XRD single-phase 2-1-2-2 and 2-2-2-3 compounds have been prepared by a two-step heating process starting with the 2:1:2:2 and 2:2:2:3 stoichiometries, respectively. T1 2 O 3 , BaCuO 2 , CaO and CuO have been used as reactants. In the first step, the powder mixture was heated for 2 h at the relatively low temperature of 775°C, at which the loss of Tl is negligible, but the T1 2 O 3 reacts with other oxides to form less volatile compounds. In the second step, the partially reacted powders were heated at 865°C for appropriate time intervals (20 min for the 2:1:2:2 and 30 min for the 2:2:2:3 stoichiometry) and the single-phase compounds were formed without major loss of Tl. Further annealing at 775° C for 12 h did not affect the XRD single-phase 2-1-2-2 compound, whereas the XRD single-phase 2-2-2-3 compound partially decomposed to the 2-1-2-2 compound.
LITHIUM ABUNDANCES OF THE COOL METAL-POOR DWARFS HD 103095, HD 134439, AND HD 134440

We present high resolution, high S/N spectra in the λ6707 Li 1 region of the cool metal-poor dwarfs HD 103095 (={HR 4550}={Gmb 1830}), 134439, and 134440. Previous detections of weak Li in the first two stars are confirmed. We suggest that neither standard nor rotational stellar models we consider are able to satisfactorily account for the Li depletion of HD 103095. In contrast, both standard and rotational models are able to account for the Li abundance of HD 134439. This apparent disparity reappears when we find that the metallicity-sensitivity of the Li depletion models can not be confirmed by our or previously published Li abundances of HD 103095 and HD 134439. HD 134439 and 134440 form a common proper motion pair with virtually identical kinematics and heavy element abundances. Thus, it is likely that the Li abundances of these two field stars can be compared without undue concern for differences in their ages, compositions, or any Li enrichment history. Moreover, we do not find any significant Na abundance differences, hinted at by previous work, which would cloud the interpretation of the proper motion pair Li abundances. The {≥}0.6 dex Li abundance difference between HD 134439 and the {~}200 K cooler HD 134440 implies that the Li-Teff morphology is a sharp function of temperature below Teff{~}5000 K. This rather precipitous decline in Li abundance is consistent both with the standard and rotational stellar models considered here.
Meeting the goals of academia: Characteristics of emergency medicine faculty academic work styles

Study objectives: Emergency medicine faculty have 24-hour clinical responsibilities in addition to the academic requirements of research and administration/teaching. This study was undertaken to determine the existing and ideal work style of such faculty by professorial rank, administrative title, and/or tenure versus clinical track. Design: Data analysis from department or residency directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved emergency medicine residency programs. Setting: ACGME-approved emergency medicine residency programs. Type of participants: Emergency medicine faculty. Results: Ninety-three percent of programs submitted appropriate data. Programs averaged 11 full- and four part-time faculty. Mean time ranged from 15 to 30 hours per week with an average mean of 23 hours (48% of total work week) for clinical responsibilities, from ten to 32 hours per week with an average mean of 19 hours per week (38%) for administrative/teaching efforts, and from three to 14 hours per week with an average mean of seven hours per week (15%) for research. Total time averaged between 44 and 51 hours per week. Ideal work style emphasized less clinical time and a shorter work week. Responsibilities varied by rank, administrative position, and clinical versus tenure track. Conclusion: Emergency medicine faculty accomplish the clinical, research, and teaching/administrative demands of academia by increasing the number of faculty, varying the faculty responsibilities by rank and title, and shortening the total work week. Research time is extremely limited.
Effects of film size and micellar polydispersity on film stratification

Abstract Thin liquid films are considered to be the basic structural elements of foam and emulsion systems. Consequently, the structure and stability of colloidal dispersions are highly dependent on the dynamic structure formation and stability of the single, thin, curved films between unequal-sized bubbles and droplets as in foam and emulsion systems. A novel experimental technique has been developed to investigate the dynamic behavior of such curved foam films. The effects of film size, curvature, micellar concentration and polydispersity on stratification within the curved films are discussed. It is noted that a critical film size exists below which the stepwise film thickness transitions (stratifications) do not occur and the film exists at an equilibrium with several micellar layers inside it. The film thickness transition and the spot formation appear to be due to the “vacancies condensation” mechanism.
Induction of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β-1) in Immortalized Rat Proximal Tubule Cells (IRPTC) by Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I) and Oxidant Injury (OI) • 1694

Induction of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β-1) in Immortalized Rat Proximal Tubule Cells (IRPTC) by Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I) and Oxidant Injury (OI) • 1694
Cannabinoids inhibit migration of microglial-like cells to the HIV protein Tat.

Microglia are a population of macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) which, upon infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), secrete a plethora of inflammatory factors, including the virus-specified trans-activating protein Tat. Tat has been implicated in HIV neuropathogenesis since it elicits chemokines, cytokines, and a chemotactic response from microglia. It also harbors a β-chemokine receptor binding motif, articulating a mode by which it acts as a migration stimulus. Since select cannabinoids have anti-inflammatory properties, cross the blood–brain barrier, and target specific receptors, they have potential to serve as agents for dampening untoward neuroimmune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of select cannabinoids on the migration of microglial-like cells toward Tat. Using a mouse BV-2 microglial-like cell model, it was demonstrated that the exogenous cannabinoids Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CP55940 exerted a concentration-related reduction in the migration of BV-2 cells towards Tat. A similar inhibitory response was obtained when the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was used. The CB2 receptor (CB2R) antagonist SR144528, but not the CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist SR141716A, blocked this inhibition of migration. Similarly, CB2R knockdown with small interfering RNA reversed the cannabinoid-mediated inhibition. In addition, the level of the β-chemokine receptor CCR-3 was reduced and its intracellular compartmentation was altered. These results indicate that cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of BV-2 microglial-like cell migration to Tat is linked functionally to the CB2R. Furthermore, the results indicate that activation of the CB2R leads to altered expression and compartmentation of the β-chemokine receptor CCR-3.
A cyclic voltammetric study of the proton abstraction from selected aromatic ketones by superoxide

Abstract The proton-abstraction by O 2 − from weakly acidic compounds, like aliphatic ketones (with p K a s≈21), is endothermic and consequently slow. In this work, by employing selected aromatic ketones as proton donors (with p K a s≈19), it has been possible to accelerate the rate of the α-proton abstraction by O 2 − to the point that it is observable within the time scale of cyclic voltammetry. Digital simulations of the cyclic voltammograms of O 2 in the presence of those ketones allow determination of the rate constants of the proton abstraction. Those rate constants were found to increase as the degree of conjugation in ketones increased, consistent with a slow endothermic rate determining step. Furthermore, because ketones as proton donors are very weak acids, it was possible to avoid any subsequent acid–base type of reaction between HO 2 − and the ketones, and to observe a new, kinetically reversible redox wave at E 1/2 =0.34 V versus O 2 /O 2 − in DMSO, assigned to the HO 2 /HO 2 − redox couple.
Rethinking Physiologic Stability: Touch and Intracranial Pressure

The purpose of this research was to examine the contingent nature of physiologic stability with respect to the impact of nursing and parental care touch on intracranial pressure (ICP) in children. Data were reanalyzed from those previously collected in eight children in a pediatric intensive care unit who had intracranial hypertension from a variety of causes and whose ICP was invasively monitored. One hundred forty-nine clusters of spontaneous touch/talking were available for analysis after those occurring close in time to procedures and drugs affecting ICP were dropped. Twenty-three episodes of investigator touch (without talking) were also analyzed. ICP stability was defined as any tracing over a defined time period in which the peak-to-trough amplitude did not exceed twice the calculated resting variability. Such an approach allowed classification and counting of stable versus unstable baselines, and stable versus unstable responses to touch. Therefore, ICP stability was examined by comparing the stability of the ICP tracing the last minute prior to a cluster of nonprocedural touch (baseline) with the first minute after the cluster. Clusters of spontaneous touch were nearly always associated with talking to the child and rarely were followed by change in level of ICP greater than that child's ICP variability at rest. Investigator stroking without talking never was followed by a significant change in level of ICP. There was a contingent relationship between stability of the ICP tracing prior to a cluster of touching/talking such that the probability of ICP becoming more stable when the touch/talk occurred on an unstable baseline was twice that of touch/talk occurring on an stable baseline.
EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BILATERAL ECTOPIC URETERS IN A FOAL

A 7-week-old Appaloosa filly was admitted for persistent urinary incontinence since birth. Vaginal speculum examination revealed urine flowing from an opening in the right vaginal wall. Cystoscopy demonstrated that the ureters did not terminate at the bladder. The endoscope passed easily from the vagina directly into a dilated right ureter. An excretory urogram confirmed the vaginal termination of at least one ureter, based upon extensive filling of the vagina with contrast media in the absence of bladder filling. Bilateral hydroureter and dilated renal pelves were demonstrated both by excretory urography and by ultrasonography. Euthanasia was requested by the owner in lieu of attempted surgical correction. At necropsy, it was confirmed that the right ureter entered the vagina and the left ureter terminated at the urethra. The diagnosis of bilateral ectopic ureter in this foal was suggested by the history and clinical signs, supported by endoscopy and ultrasonography, and confirmed by excretory urography and necropsy. This case establishes the value of diagnostic imaging techniques in the antemortem diagnosis of ectopic ureter.
Correlational reasoning in an everyday context

Abstract In the context of everyday reasoning, individuals inferring a causal relation between an antecedent (A) and event (E) rarely have available as evidence for their inferences frequencies of all the four possible occurences, AE, A E , A E, and AE . The present study investigated the willingness of subjects in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades, and college to infer such a relation under the more typical condition of incomplete frequency data. There was some improvement with age, but even college subjects were remarkably willing to infer a relationship based on minimal data, notably the presence of cases in the AE cell. No subjects indicated the need for information regarding the remaining cells. Subsequent presentations of datafor the A E cell did not substantially alter subjects' willingness to infer a relation, nor did subsequent presentation of data for the remaining two cells, despite the fact that complete frequency data indicated independence of A and E. A comparison group of subjects presented with all four cells at once showed somewhat more frequent application of quantitative reasoning strategies, but their willingness to infer a relationship between A and E was not notably less than that of subjects to whom the data were presented sequentially.
Probing low-temperature water ice phases using electron-stimulated desorption

Abstract Low-energy electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of D + from D 2 O has been used to examine the phase and growth behavior of nanoscale vapor-deposited ice films grown on Pt(111) between 90–155 K. The D + yield from porous amorphous solid water (deposited at 90 K) shows evidence for sintering near 120 K, increases between 120 and 140 K, and then drops at the amorphous–crystalline phase transition near 155 K. Ice deposited at 155 K forms an epitaxial crystalline film, with a D + yield nearly one-third larger than the yield from crystalline films prepared by annealing the amorphous phase. This suggests that the film formed by annealing may have a different crystalline ordering or morphology than the epitaxial film deposited between 150 and 155 K. Ice deposited at 90 K on top of the epitaxial film is amorphous, but it crystallizes to a form similar to that of the underlying crystalline ice substrate. This suggests that, in this case, the buried two-dimensional interface nucleates the crystallization.
1H, 13C, 15N NMR and Theoretical Study of Protonated Carbamic Acids and Related Compounds1

Mono-O-protonated carbamic acid, mono-O-protonated N-methyl carbamate, and mono-O-protonated methyl carbamate and di-O-protonated N,N-bis(carboxyl)-1,2-diaminoethane were prepared in FSO3H/SO2ClF and FSO3H:SbF5/SO2ClF at −78 °C and were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy. Persistent diprotonated carbamic acid, diprotonated N-methyl carbamate, and diprotonated methyl carbamate were not observed under these conditions. The structures, energies, and 13C and 15N NMR chemical shifts of mono-, and diprotonated carbamic acids as well as other protonated species were also calculated by ab initio/IGLO/GIAO-MP2 method and compared with the experimental results.
Status, ideology, and integrative complexity on the U.S. Supreme Court: Rethinking the politics of political decision making.

Prior studies of integrative complexity indicate that political conservatives tend to interpret policy issues in less complex ways than do liberals and moderates. However, ideological preference in that work was systematically confounded with decision makers' status in the groups to which they belonged. The study reported here varied both factors independently in a content analysis of Supreme Court opinions. In contrast to previous conclusions, results supported a status-contingency model, which predicts higher levels of complexity among members of majority factions than among members of either minority factions or unanimous groups independently of the ideological content of their views
2D-to-3D image registration — An application in radiation therapy

3D imaging modalities are most useful and common in medical treatment. In certain cases, however, the information from 2D imaging is indispensable. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), the primary image and gold standard for arteriorvenous malformations (AVMs), is such a 2D imaging modality. Still, the information in this 2D image has to be transferred to 3D in order to be useful in the stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This paper escribes a new approach by which the DSA's 2D image is registered to a 3D CT image for flameless stereotactic SRS.
Structure-activity relationships for mono alkylated or halogenated phenols

Abstract The quantitative structure-activity relationships between toxicity (log BR), monitored as cell population growth, and two molecular descriptors, the log 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) and the Hammett sigma constant (σ) or the ionization parameter (pKa) for a series of 27 ortho-, meta- and para-substituted alkylated or halogenated phenols have been examined. The equation: log BR = 0.7998 ( log K ow ) + 1.2447 (σ) − 1.5538; r 2 = 0.897 s = 0.170 has been found to be an excellent planar model for these chemicals. This model uses the para-position sigma constant as the estimator of ortho-position electronic effects. A similar equation: log BR = 0.7845 ( log K ow ) − 0.3702 ( p K a ) + 2.1144; r 2 = 0.860 s = 0.199 has-been developed using pKa in place of σ.
Adenocarcinoma of the ileal pouch mucosa: case report and literature review

Cancers developing near the site of the ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA) have been reported, but uncommonly in the ileal pouch mucosa itself. We present a recently encountered case of ileal pouch cancer and review the literature to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of ileal pouch adenocarcinoma as well as pouch surveillance. A chart review of the case from our institution was conducted, and a PubMed search was undertaken for articles describing adenocarcinoma arising from the ileal pouch mucosa. Twenty articles containing 26 cases were reviewed in addition to our described case. More than half were reported in the last decade. Only three cases were definitively stage 1. All seven patients who underwent regular surveillance were diagnosed with stage 1 or 2 disease. Seventeen patients had neoplasia in their original proctocolectomy specimen and six did not. The mean time from pouch creation to adenocarcinoma was 8.9 years. The risk of developing ileal pouch mucosa adenocarcinoma appears low. However, increasing reports of these cancers are concerning as most patients present with advanced disease after many years. Patients with a previous history of dysplasia/cancer may be at increased risk. We believe surveillance after IPAA should include the anal transition zone and the ileal pouch mucosa. The establishment of expert consensus guidelines on pouch surveillance should be considered in the near future.
Resolving the Structural Basis of Factor VIII Activation

Activated Factor VIII (FVIIIa) is the essential co-factor for the serine protease Factor IXa (FIXa) in the membrane-bound Tenase complex. In the blood coagulation process, the interaction between FVIIIa and FIXa in presence of Ca2+ and phospholipids amplifies the proteolytic activity of Factor IXa more than 100.000 times. The Tenase complex catalyzes the activation of Factor X and initiates a cascade of multi-protein complex formation which amplifies the Thrombin production and secures the formation of a blood clot.Here we report for the first time the 3D-structure of the membrane-bound FVIIIa form, which is the most physiologically relevant in relation to the delicate equilibrium of hemostasis and thrombosis.The structure of the membrane bound light chain (domains A3-C1-C2) of human FVIII helically organized onto lipid bilayer nanotubes (LNT) clarified that the domains adopt a different organization than in the crystal structure which represents the molecule in solution. These differences of the membrane-bound FVIII structure have to be confirmed for the full length FVIII protein and the active form. To achieve this, high resolution Cryo-EM data of porcine FVIII and FVIIIa helically organized on LNT at closest to physiological conditions were collected. A newly developed process of iterated rounds of 2D refinement was applied to select only highly organized homogenous helical segments for an effective iterative helical real-space reconstruction (IHRSR). The calculated porcine FVIII and FVIIIa membrane-bound structures at subnanometer resolution were combined with flexible docking to define the changes in the FVIIIa interfaces important for its function.Understanding the structural differences and similarities between the membrane-bound activated FVIII and the non-activated FVIII will make an indispensable contribution to the field of coagulation in determining unique targets for the design of specific therapeutic drugs against Hemophilia A and thrombosis.
Arctic decadal variability: An auto-oscillatory system of heat and fresh water exchange

[1] This paper presents a mechanism of decadal variability in the Artic Ocean–GIN Sea (Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas) atmosphere-ice-ocean system. We hypothesize that Arctic variability is regulated by heat and freshwater exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the GIN Sea. The interaction between basins is weak during anticyclonic circulation regimes (low AO/NAO) and strong during cyclonic circulation regimes (high AO/ NAO). Regime shifts are controlled by the system itself through oceanic and atmospheric gradients (dynamic height and surface air temperature) that increase during the anticyclonic regime and decrease during the cyclonic regime. This conceptual mechanism for Arctic decadal variability has been reproduced in a model experiment. Both model results and observational data support the suggested mechanism. INDEX TERMS: 4207 Oceanography: General: Arctic and Antarctic oceanography; 4215 Oceanography: General: Climate and interannual variability (3309); 4263 Oceanography: General: Ocean prediction; 4255 Oceanography: General: Numerical modeling; 4572 Oceanography: Physical: Upper ocean processes. Citation: Dukhovskoy, D. S., M. A. Johnson, and A. Proshutinsky (2004), Arctic decadal variability: An auto-oscillatory system of heat and fresh water exchange, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03302, doi:10.1029/2003GL019023.
Influence of the gradient in orientation on the compressive elastic modulus and yield strength of oriented polypropylene

Abstract The deliberate orientation of polymers is sometimes induced by the propagation of a stable neck due to uniaxial tensile loading; this has been called cold drawing. This highly anisotropic material is often used for various types of experiments. In this paper it is shown that the necked material can be quite non-uniform over the full cross section of the neck and any assumption of uniformity, as it influences subsequent findings, can be quite erroneous.
Hormone-refractory metastatic prostatic cancer treated with methotrexate, cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin, cis-platinum plus 5-fluorouracil plus cyclophosphamide National prostatic cancer project randomized trial☆

From 1982 to 1985, the National Prostatic Cancer Treatment Group conducted a randomized prospective trial of single-agent or combination chemotherapy in 180 patients with metastatic prostatic disease refractory to hormonal therapy. All three of the treatment regimens, methotrexate, Adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum plus 5-fluorouracil plus cyclophosphamide, showed similar survival and progression-free survival intervals. Future studies utilizing these or other agents, in similar or modified dosage schedules or delivery mechanisms, should note these results. Protocols designed to address subjective quality of life measures and other benefit ratios can be effectively employed considering this report.
A comparative drug study of lower urinary tract infections in elderly patients

The urinary antibacterial drugs cinoxacin (Cinobac) and nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) were compared for efficacy and side effects in the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections occurring in elderly patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. Twenty-five patients received cinoxacin and 27 received nitrofurantoin for an average of thirteen days' treatment. The antibacterial spectrum of cinoxacin was noted to be better than that of nitrofurantoin, but both drugs performed well in clearing the infections caused by susceptible organisms. There were no side effects from cinoxacin therapy, but 15 per cent of patients receiving the nitrofurantoin experienced anorexia and nausea, in some cases sufficiently severe to require early termination of therapy.
Microgrid frequency regulation using wind turbine controls

This paper proposes a control system that uses wind energy to regulate the frequency of an islanded microgrid. The model used in both computer and hardware simulation includes a scaled representation of a microgrid that uses a permanent magnet AC (PMAC) machine and a variable resistance load. The wind turbine is represented by a DC machine as the prime mover connected with a PMAC generator. As the microgrid load changes the frequency of the system changes and the proposed control system regulates power from the wind turbine as necessary to correct the frequency and maintain a nominal value. Results of both computer simulation and hardware implementation show that wind energy can be used to maintain microgrid frequency in islanded operation.
Experimental impacts above 10 km/s

Abstract In the proceedings of the last symposium, recent work on a technique for launching small projectiles to hypervelocities above 10 km/s using an inhibited shaped charge was presented [1]. In the interim, experiments have been conducted using the inhibited shaped charge to launch aluminum, nickel, and molybdenum projectiles. This paper presents the results of the impact tests, as well as discusses the shaped charge design modifications for the nickel and molybdenum launchers. Radiographs are presented of the impacting projectiles, as are post test photographs of various targets. The data are unique in that they represent low L D projectile impacts into both monolithic blocks and spaced plates at velocities above 10 km/s. The aluminum projectiles are being launched at 11.25±0.20 km/s, the molybdenum projectiles at 11.72±0.10 km/s, and the nickel projectiles at 10.81±0.10 km/s.
Trends in statistically based quarterly cash-flow prediction models

Abstract This paper provides a succinct review and synthesis of the literature on statistically based quarterly cash-flow prediction models. It reviews extant work on quarterly cash-flow prediction models including: (1) complex, cross-sectionally estimated disaggregated-accrual models attributed to Wilson, 1986 , Wilson, 1987 and Bernard and Stober (1989) , (2) parsimonious ARIMA models attributed to Hopwood and McKeown (1992) , (3) disaggregated-accrual, time-series regression models attributed to Lorek and Willinger (1996) , and (4) parsimonious ARIMA models with both adjacent and seasonal characteristics attributed to Lorek and Willinger, 2008 , Lorek and Willinger, 2011 . Due to the unavailability of long-term cash-flow forecasts attributed to analysts, increased importance has been placed upon the development of statistically based cash-flow prediction models given their use in firm valuation. Specific recommendations are also provided to enhance future research efforts in refining extant statistically based quarterly cash-flow prediction models.
Effect of Frequency and Spacing of Sampling on Accuracy and Precision of Estimating Total Lactation Milk Yield and Characteristics of the Lactation Curve

Abstract Daily milk weights of 255 cows in seven herds were sampled using different frequencies and spacings of samples to investigate accuracy and precision of estimating total yield. There were four sampling methods with equal intervals and six methods with unequal intervals. Unequally-spaced samples were placed according to varying degrees of relative emphasis on peak production period of a lactation, which was defined as 15 to 90 d postpartum. For each sampling method, total lactation yield was estimated by linear interpolation and by fitting a nonlinear function to the lactation curve. Fixed factors affecting biases in estimators of total yield and of parameters of the lactation curve were analyzed by a multivariate linear model. Sampling methods differed significantly in ability to predict total yield accurately, and nearly all methods tended to overestimate actual yield. However, sample biases were insignificant for all equally spaced methods. Significant biases most often occurred, in some season of calving and parity classes, when 10 samples were taken and they were spaced unequally. The largest biases occurred when the postpeak period was sampled infrequently. Therefore, the convenient and conventional 30-d equal interval sampling procedure should give acceptable estimates of total lactation milk yield in practice. Both accuracy and precision in estimating characteristic parameters of the lactation curve increased with frequency of sampling, as expected. As for linear interpolation, sampling emphasis on the postpeak period was important in determining the magnitude of biases in the nonlinear procedure.
Baseline age effect on parameter estimates in Cox models

The Cox proportional hazards model is widely used in time-to-event analysis. Two time scales are used in practice: time-on-study and chronological age. The former is the most frequently used time scale in clinical studies and longitudinal observation studies. However, there is no general consensus about which time scale is the best. It has been asserted that if the cumulative baseline hazard is exponential or if the age-at-entry is independent of the covariate, then the two models are equivalent. We show that neither of these conditions leads to equivalency. Variability in the age-at-entry of individuals in the study causes the models to differ significantly. This is shown both analytically and through a simulation study. Additionally, we show that the time-on-study model is more robust to changes in age-at-entry than the chronological age model.
Mitochondria impact brain function and cognition

A revolution in our understanding of brain development, adult brain function, senescence, and disease has emerged from the recognition of structural and functional plasticity within the mammalian brain (1). For example, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other hormonal factors that mediate neurogenesis, as well as synaptic and dendritic plasticity in psychiatric disorders (2), has revealed unforeseen neuronal regulatory mechanisms. These build on a growing dynamic conception of brain architecture that complements the understanding of synaptic transmission. This, we are also discovering, is a plastic event altered by both structural and functional remodeling of the synapse. However, little is known about the role of mitochondria in regulating synaptic transmission, and less yet about their implications for cognitive function and memory decline in the aging brain (3). The study by Hara et al. (4) in PNAS synergizes with recent discoveries, revealing a key role of mitochondria regulating synaptic transmission, brain function, and cognition in aging.
Video filtering on interframes

In digital video compression, motion estimation is most commonly used in reducing temporal redundancy. The motion information generated by motion estimation is usually coded in the compressed stream. In many situations, the compressed video needs to be post- processed, for example, filtered to generate an out-of-focus effect. The filtered video then requires another motion estimation to be coded in bit stream. We propose an algorithm to reuse the existing motion information in the original video to avoid or aid the motion estimation in the recompression. Since this technique significantly reduces post-processing time for compressed video when the output is required in compressed form, it is highly desirable in digital video broadcasting systems.
Competition and cooperation between litter-mates in the spotted hyaena : Crocuta crocuta

Abstract The development of intra-litter competition and cooperation is described in free-living and captive spotted hyaenas. Field data were collected on dominance relations in 26 twin litters, and additional behavioural analyses were performed on different subsets of this group. Intra-litter dominance relations were assessed on the basis of the direction of aggressive and appeasement behavior patterns. In all wild litters, one cub clearly dominated the other by the time cubs were observed above-ground, at 2–3 weeks of age. Within the 17 twin litters of mixed sex, female dominance over male litter-mates was significantly more common (N = 14) than the reverse (N = 3). When males were the dominant litter-mates, they were as aggressive towards their siblings as were females. Rates of intra-litter aggression were highest in the youngest age interval observed (1–2 months), and dropped significantly the next month. Peak monthly rates of intra-litter aggression correlated significantly with maternal rank, such that offspring of low-ranking females fought more than of those high-ranking females. High levels of intra-litter cooperation were observed in the context of coalition formation, and youngster affiliated more with litter-mates than with any other hyaena. In captivity, seven twin and two triplet litters were videotaped during the first 2 months of life, and were scored for aggressive interactions. Results showed that dominance between litter-mates is established as early in development as the first day of life.