cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extended near-infrared resonance raman investigations of an organic mixed-valence system: Diazatetracyclodiene radical cation

Resonance Raman scattering studies in the extended near-infrared region show that six modes are coupled to the intramolecular charge-transfer transition in the mixed-valence radical cation diazatetracyclodiene. Spectral analysis based on time-dependent scattering theories shows that all six modes make substantial contributions to the vibrational reorganization energy. Measured Raman scattering cross sections were found to be considerably less than would be predicted by the conventional time-dependent scattering theories utilized here, evidently owing to complications arising from avoided surface crossings and anharmonic wave packet propagation. An examination of the classical and nonclassical kinetic effects of the coupled modes indicated that a considerable influence on the rate of intramolecular electron transfer is exerted by the modes collectively.
Secrecy, Guilt by Association, and the Terrorist Profile

In March 1998, Hany Kiareldeen, a 30-year old Palestinian immigrant living in New Jersey, was arrested by United States immigration authorities and imprisoned. Government officials told him that his presence in the United States threatened national security. When Kiareldeen asked why, he was told that the evidence that supported the charge was secret, and could not be revealed to him because its disclosure would imperil national security. Kiareldeen spent 19 months in prison without seeing the evidence that placed him there, until a federal judge ruled in October 1999 that his detention was unconstitutional and ordered his release. The government's principal source appears to have been Kiareldeen's ex-wife, with whom he was in a custody dispute over their child. He offered unrebutted testimony that she had made numerous false allegations against him in the course of the dispute, all of which had been dismissed by local officials. But one allegation, that he was associated with terrorists, was passed on to the FBI, and that allegation landed him in jail on secret evidence for over 19 months.
Subclinical multiple sclerosis.

Bei 2 Patienten wurde bei der Autopsie als Zufallsbefund das Vorliegen multipler demyelinisierender Lasionen, die fur eine multiple Sklerose typisch waren, festgestellt. Bei keinem derselben war, trotz Vorliegen einer guten klinischen Anamnese und einer neurologischen Untersuchung, ein Hinweis fur einen Schub einer multiplen Sklerose zu Lebzeiten erhaltlich. Das Fehlen von klinischen Manifestationen der Krankheit kann mit folgenden Faktoren erklart werden. Die geringe Ausdehnung und kleine Zahl der Herde, welche in klinisch stummen Regionen des Zentralnervensystems sasen, und das Erhaltenbleiben klinischer Funktionen wegen der nur partiellen Demyelinisation bzw. der guterhaltenen Axone in den Herden. Informationen uber die tatsachliche Haufigkeit von klinisch stummen Fallen von multipler Sklerose sind wichtig, um die Epidemyologie bzw. die atiologischen Faktoren der Erkrankung zu verstehen.
Office Systems for Heart Disease Prevention

The primary care practice offers many opportunities for the provision of heart disease prevention services, but currently those services are not provided at the rates recommended by national guidelines. The office system,which includes organized activities routinely performed by specific members of the practice to accomplish a goal, can lead to improvements. This article describes a heart disease prevention system that includes screening patients for risk, managing risk through lifestyle change and medications, and frequent monitoring to allow reinforcement and treatment adjustments. Implementation of the system includes a role for each practice member, clearly defined routines, and ongoing review and revision.
Identification and characterization of a salt-stress-induced plasma membrane H+-ATPase in tomato

Plant plasma membrane H + -ATPases (PM H + -ATPases) energize the secondary transport of Na + from the cytosol across the plasma membrane and so may play a role in the plant response to salt stress. A PM H + -ATPase gene in rice is closely linked to a locus responsible for increased salt resistance. PM H + -ATPases are encoded by large gene families, including 10-12 in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Salt stress stimulates the accumulation of PM H + -ATPase transcripts in a variety of plants but the effect of salt stress on the expression of specific isoforms has not been investigated. We isolated a partial-length cDNA clone of a novel tomato PM H + -ATPase gene from salt-stressed expanded leaf tissue and characterized its expression in response to salt and osmotic stress. The gene, LHA8, is a member of the subfamily including AHA1, AHA2, AHA3, AHA4, AHA9, LHA4, PHA2 and PMA4, and is most closely related to the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia gene PMA6. LHA8 transcript accumulation is induced by NaCI exposure. LHA8 is not expressed at detectable levels in roots or expanded leaves and is present at very low levels in unexpanded leaves. LHA8 expression is induced in expanded leaves, unexpanded leaves and roots. Induction appears to be specific to the ionic, rather than the osmotic, effects of NaCI because iso-osmotic levels of polyethylene glycol do not induce message accumulation.
MOP: Matrix operations program

MOP performs matrix algebraic operations. All MOP instructions are input in a free-field fashion. Input consists of a regular form of algebraic syntax for matrix addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Various mathematical and utility procedures are available for operations such as inversion, eigen analysis, reading, writing, and printing. Matrices are referenced by alphabetic names with no embedded blanks. No distinction is made between matrices and vectors. Column or row vectors are easily accommodated as matrices with only one column or row, respectively. In addition, the user may set row, column, or dimension specifications to nonnegative integers. These variables are referenced by alphanumeric names that are separate from matrix names. Integer variables may replace size specifications in most MOP procedure calls. There are two input and two output files. All MOP commands are read from INPUT and all MOP output is placed on OUTPUT. Matrices may be read from INPUT or ALTINP using the READ procedure; matrices may be written to OUTPUT or ALTOUT using the WRITE procedure. MOP instruction lines may be no more than 80 characters in length. No continuation lines are allowed. Algebraic Expressions. Matrix addition, subtraction, and multiplication follow customary algebraic syntax. The only restriction to forming such expressions is that the result must be on the left. Conformity of operands is checked. It is a fatal error when the operands in an algebraic statement do not conform for the intended matrix operation. The possible operations are A =B + C, A = B C, A = B * C, and A = B, where A, B, and C are matrices and where they conform for the indicated operation. In each of these, the operands must exist prior to the operation. The result of the operation is created if it does not exist. If the result exists, it is replaced (overwritten) if it is the appropriate size;
One-dimensional kinematics of stretching faults

Abstract An analysis is given of the instantaneous motion and finite displacement across faults with wall-rocks that are changing length in the slip direction while slip accumulates. The main results of interest are that faults with extending or shortening wall-rocks can display slip-rate and net-slip gradients in the slip direction, and local reversal of the sense-of-slip over time. These effects depend on unequal rates of extension or shortening in the two wall-rock blocks. Where the rates of length-change are equal, the behavior more closely resembles the behavior of faults with rigid wall-rocks.
An extension theorem for rational choice functions

A choice function is strictly rational whenever it can be rationalized by a preference relation in a manner such that alternatives in a choice set are strictly preferred to alternatives in the corresponding rejection set. We demonstrate an Extension Theorem which asserts that a preference relation strictly rationalizes the choice function if and only if the choice function satisfies the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference and the preference relation is an extension of the revealed weak preference relation. Then we consider various applications to rational choice theory.
The early recognition of diabetes mellitus.

Progressively earlier recognition of the diabetic state is vital if progress is to be made toward the eventual control and prevention of the disease. The presence of mild diabetes mellitus may remain unrecognized in a large number of individuals for many years unless diagnostic laboratory procedures are freely employed in groups of individuals in whom experience has shown a high incidence of latent diabetes. Dependable diagnostic criteria are now available that make it possible to detect these previously unsuspected diabetic individuals. In addition, it is hoped that other means for detection of the diabetic state will be discovered that will give earlier evidence of its existence than is possible by present methods of testing. This discussion has two purposes, first, to consider the use and the criteria for the interpretation of the standard oral glucose tolerance test employed for the early detection of diabetes and second, to consider experience with the cortisone-glucose tolerance test as used for the possible prediction of future diabetes mellitus. The early recognition of diabetes mellitus depends upon the use and interpretation of proper laboratory procedures. In some cases the presence of latent diabetes will be recognized by routine performance of urinalysis and the determination of a single blood sugar level. In the mildest forms of the disease these procedures may be of little aid. In these cases the earliest recognizable abnormality may be a diminished ability to utilize a carbohydrate load as demonstrated by a glucose tolerance test. We have used the oral glucose tolerance test in our studies. For a t least 3 days preceding the test the subjects ingest a diet containing approximately 300 gm. carbohydrate per day plus maintenance calories.' Although the ingestion of smaller amounts of carbohydrate is sufficient to prevent abnormal tests in normal subjects, a standardized high-carbohydrate preparatory diet is advised to ensure the reproducibility of the test. The loading dose of glucose used is 1.75 gm./kg. of ideal body weight. Blood sugar levels are determined in venous blood by the Somogyi-Nelson technique. The criteria that we employ for the interpretation of the standard oral glucose tolerance test are illustrated in FIGURE 1.2 Carbohydrate tolerance is considered to be normal when the peak blood sugar value is less than 160 mg./ 100 ml. and the 2-hour value is less than 110 mg./100 ml. We regard the combination of an 1-hour value of 160 mg./100 ml. or above plus a 2-hour value of 120 mg./100 ml. or above as diagnostic of the existence of the diabetic state. In borderline curves the level a t 1% hours is required to be 140 mg./100 ml. or above to be diagnostic. This restriction eliminates a false diagnosis of
Electronic excitation and thermal effects in alkali-halide cluster anions

We have observed electronically excited states in alkali-halide cluster anions with one excess electron. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we have found two narrow states in $(\mathrm{KI}{)}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $(\mathrm{NaI}{)}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $(\mathrm{NaCl}{)}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, consistent with a dipole-bound electron, while larger cluster anions exhibit a single broad excited state. In the larger systems, electronic excitation is often accompanied by vibrational excitation and thus a change in cluster temperature. Such temperature changes affect cluster structure and in some cases lead to rapid thermal isomerization.
The effect of dietary carbohydrate on the rise in plasma glutamate concentrations following oral glutamate ingestion in rats

Plasma glutamate concentrations were examined in male rats following oral intubation of monosodium L-glutamic acid (MSG, 250 mg/kg) soon after ingesting one of several meals differing in carbohydrate content. Intubation of MSG alone produced a 4-fold rise in plasma glutamate that peaked at 15 min, and returned to baseline by 60 min. Red blood cell glutamate concentrations were unchanged. The ingestion of a meal lacking carbohydrate produced a modest attenuation of the post-MSG intubation rise in plasma glutamate concentrations. This attenuating effect increased progressively with the carbohydrate content of the meal (and as the protein content declined, to maintain isocaloric meals), though as little as 5% carbohydrate marked attenuated the plasma glutamate rise. This effect diminished as the time interval between the meal and MSG intubation increased from 1 to 4 hrs. Similar, but not identical effects were noted when meals substituted fat (instead of protein) for carbohydrate. The intubation of MSG alone produced a slight increase in plasma alanine concentrations over the 60-min post-intubation period examined. The ingestion of any of the meals just prior to intubation did not influence this effect. Overall, the results indicate that although the ingestion of carbohydrate can markedly attenuate the rise in plasma glutamate that follows MSG consumption in rats, this effect is also influenced by the other macronutrients present. The absence of notable, meal related changes in plasma alanine suggests that this parameter does not provide a useful indication of gut glutamate transamination.
Cryopreservation of Ochromonas in Liquid Nitrogen with Reproducibility of Thiamin Assay

SYNOPSIS The first successful cryopreservation of Ochromonas danica and Ochromonas malhamensis is reported. The freezing method was consistently reproducible for the former, but not for the latter. Ochromonas danica cultures established from frozen material still could be used as test organisms for assay of thiamin. This is the first report of a protozoon retaining its assay property after being frozen to -196 C.
DevS oxy complex stability identifies this heme protein as a gas sensor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy.

DevS is one of the two sensing kinases responsible for DevR activation and the subsequent entry of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into dormancy. Full-length wild-type DevS forms a stable oxy−ferrous complex. The DevS autoxidation rates are extremely low (half-lives of >24 h) in the presence of cations such as K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. At relatively high concentrations (100 mM), Cu2+ accelerates autoxidation more than 1500-fold. Contrary to expectations, removal of the key hydrogen bond between the iron-coordinated oxygen and Tyr171 in the Y171F mutant provides a protein of comparable stability to autoxidation and similar oxygen dissociation rate. This correlates with our earlier finding that the Y171F mutant and wild-type kinase activities are similarly regulated by the binding of oxygen: namely, the ferrous five-coordinate complex is active, whereas the oxy−ferrous six-coordinate species is inactive. Our results indicate that DevS is a gas sensor in vivo rather than a redox sensor and that the stability of it...
Low defect densities in molecular beam epitaxial GaAs achieved by isoelectronic In doping

We have studied the effects of adding small amounts of In (0.2–1.2%) to GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The density of four electron traps decreases in concentration by an order of magnitude, and the peak intensities of prominent emissions in the excitonic spectra are reduced with increase in In content. Based on the higher surface migration rate of In, compared to Ga, at the growth temperatures it is apparent that the traps and the excitonic transitions are related to point defects. This agrees with earlier observations by F. Briones and D. M. Collins [J. Electron. Mater. 11, 847 (1982)] and B. J. Skromme, S. S. Bose, B. Lee, T. S. Low, T. R. Lepkowski, R‐Y. DeJule, G. E. Stillman, and J. C. M. Hwang [J. Appl. Phys. 58, 4702 (1985)].
A survey of nursing home physicians to determine laboratory monitoring adverse drug event alert preferences.

Objective: We conducted a survey of nursing home physicians to learn about the laboratory value thresholds that clinical event monitors should use to generate alerts about potential adverse drug events (ADEs); the specific information to be included in the alerts; and the communication modality that should be used for communicating them. Methods: Nursing home physician attendees of the 2010 Conference of AMDA: The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Results: A total of 800 surveys were distributed; 565 completed surveys were returned and seven surveys were excluded due to inability to verify that the respondents were physicians (a 70% net valid response rate). Alerting threshold preferences were identified for eight laboratory tests. For example, the majority of respondents selected thresholds of ≥ 5.5 mEq/L for hyperkalemia (63%) and ≤ 3.5 without symptoms for hypokalemia (54%). The majority of surveyed physicians thought alerts should include the complete active medication list, current vital signs, previous value of the triggering lab, medication change in the past 30 days, and medication allergies. Most surveyed physicians felt the best way to communicate an ADE alert was by direct phone/voice communication (64%), followed by email to a mobile device (59%). Conclusions: This survey of nursing home physicians suggests that the majority prefer alerting thresholds that would generally lead to fewer alerts than if widely accepted standardized laboratory ranges were used. It also suggests a subset of information items to include in alerts, and the physicians’ preferred communication modalities. This information might improve the acceptance of clinical event monitoring systems to detect ADEs in the nursing home setting.
New Arctic sea ice draft data from submarines

Arctic sea ice thickness data from 17 newly processed submarine cruises covering over 49,000 kilometers of cruise track have now been added to the archive at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). This addition increases the archive by 68%, to a total of over 120,000 kilometers of track from 37 U.S. Navy and 2 Royal Navy submarine cruises. The data are actually of ice draft, the submerged portion of floating sea ice, which is about 89% of ice thickness. Declines in Arctic sea ice extent and thickness in recent decades make this an invaluable data set for research into Arctic climate variations [e.g., Tucker et al., 2001], for testing sea ice models [e.g., Rothrock et al., 2003; Miller et al., 2005], and for intercomparison with measurements of thickness by other methods [e.g., Laxon et al., 2003].
Periampullary pancreatic somatostatinoma

Background Somatostatinomas involving the gastrointestinal tract are extremely rare neoplasms that typically present with indolent, nonspecific symptoms in the absence of systemic neuroendocrine manifestations that characterize the somatostatinoma syndrome. Because of a relatively large size at the time of presentation (average diameter of 5 cm) and common location within the head of the pancreas, the Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) serves as the predominant modality for curative and palliative surgical approaches.
Designing privacy preserving router scheduling policies

We study the privacy compromise due to a queuing side channel which arises when a resource is shared between two users in the context of packet networks. The adversary tries to learn about the legitimate users activities by sending a small but frequent probe stream to the shared resource (e.g., a router). We show that for current frequently used scheduling policies, the waiting time of the adversary is highly correlated with traffic pattern of the legitimate user, thus compromising user privacy. Through precise modeling of the constituent flows and the scheduling policy of the shared resource, we develop a dynamic program to compute the optimal privacy preserving policy that minimizes the correlation between users traffic and adversarys waiting times. While the explosion of state-space for the problem prohibits us from characterizing the optimal policy, we derive a sub-optimal policy using a myopic approximation to the problem. Through simulation results, we show that indeed the sub-optimal policy does very well in the high traffic regime. Adapting the intuition from the myopic policy, we propose scheduling policies that demonstrate good tradeoff between privacy and delay in the low and medium traffic regime as well.
The hafnium-iridium system

Abstract The U. S. Bureau of Mines has studied hafnium-iridium phase relations by metallography, thermal analysis, electron-beam microprobe, and X-ray diffraction. Four intermediate phases were identified as follows: Phase Melting temperature(°C) Mode of formation Crystal system Lattice parameters (A) Hf2Ir 1720 Peritectic Cubic, face-centered a 0 = 12.32 Hf5Ir3 1930 Peritectic Hexagonal a 0 = 7.863 HfIr 2440 Congruent Not determined c 0 = 16.89 HfIr3 s $ 2470 Congruent Cubic, close-packed ordered a 0 = 3.935 Eutectic and eutectoid reactions occur between hafnium and Hf2Ir at 1425 °C and 1375 °C, respectively. Also, eutectics occur between HfIr and HfIr3 at 2085 °C, and between HfIr3 and iridium at 2250 °C. Each of the phases occurs over a range of compositions, except Hf5Ir3 which is nearly stoichiometric.
A mitochondrial protein fraction catalyzing transport of the K+ analog Tl+

A protein fraction has been obtained from detergent-solubilized mitochondrial membranes by its affinity for quinine, an inhibitor of K+ transport. A peptide derived from the predominant 53 kDa protein in this fraction is found to be identical in sequence to a portion of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Antigenically unrelated bands at 97, 77, 57, and 31 kDa are also seen on polyacrylamide gels. Observations utilizing a fluorescent probe entrapped in the lumen of membrane vesicles indicate that the reconstituted protein fraction imparts permeability to the K+ analog Tl+. These and other findings suggest that the affinity purified fraction includes a cation transport catalyst.
Homologue Pairing and Synaptic Behavior at Zygotene in Maize

A new fixation technique has permitted more detailed light microscope observations of the leptotene to pachytene meiotic progression of maize microsporocyte chromosomes than has been possible following use of traditional fixatives. With use of this new procedure, squash preparation produces excellent spreading of chromosomes at stages where the tightness of the synizetic knot has previously prohibited analysis. Using this technique, a novel finding was that at zygotene stage, extensive homologue alignment, which can be either loose or closely parallel, but at greater than synaptic distance, apparently precedes synapsis. Synaptic initiation is frequently intercalary and there may be a number of sites of initiation per bivalent. Telomeres and conspicuous heterochromatic regions are often among the last parts to synapse. The clear alignment of homologues in advance of synapsis is regarded as strongly suggestive of the existence of multiple chromosome sites which are active at homologue pairing and function in advance of synapsis.
Motion of a single hole in a quantum antiferromagnet

We formulate a quasiparticle theory for a single hole in a quantum antiferromagnet in the limit that the Heisenberg exchange energy is much less than the hopping matrix element, J\ensuremath{\ll}t. We consider the ground state of the spins to be either a quantum N\'eel state or a d-wave resonating-valence-bond (RVB) state. We show in a self-consistent perturbation theory that the hole spectrum is strongly renormalized by the interactions with spin excitations. The hole can be described by a narrow quasiparticle band located at an energy of order -t with a quasiparticle residue of order J/t and a bandwidth of order J. Above the quasiparticle band is an incoherent band of width of order t. Our results indicate that the energy scale for any coherent phenomenon involving the holes is \ensuremath{\delta}J, where \ensuremath{\delta} is the doping concentration. In the N\'eel state we perform a spin-wave expansion on an anisotropic Heisenberg model. In the Ising limit we reproduce previously known results and then expand perturbatively about that limit. In this expansion we find that the holes have a quasiparticle residue of ${J}_{z}$/t and a bandwidth of ${J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. In the Heisenberg limit we employ a ``dominant pole'' approximation in which we ignore contributions to the self-energy from the incoherent part of the hole spectrum. A similar technique is used to study the d-wave RVB state. The relevance of our results to recent optical experiments is discussed.
Measuring permeability with a whole cell-based biosensor as an alternate assay for angiogenesis: comparison with common in vitro assays.

Angiogenesis plays cardinal role in normal developmental processes as well as in numerous pathologies. Multiple cytokines are released and act simultaneously to activate endothelial cells in vivo. The present study investigated the relative ability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in modulating cell monolayer permeability, migration, proliferation and tube formation individually and in combination. While the common methods for assaying angiogenesis were conducted for studying cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, endothelial cell monolayer permeability studies were carried out using a whole cell-based biosensor. The biosensor, consisting of a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on a potassium ion-selective electrode, takes advantage of cell monolayer permeability dysfunction to detect the presence of small quantities of cytokines. When a confluent monolayer of cells was formed on the membrane surface, the response of the electrode toward the marker ion, potassium, was inhibited. The response obtained after exposing this sensor to different cytokines for 1 and 3 h, can be attributed to the modulation of monolayer permeability by these cytokines. The present study demonstrated that at the concentrations experimented with, the relative change in permeability assay in the presence of cytokines compared to the control was much higher than that observed in other assays, thereby bolstering the potential of the biosensor to act as a quick screening tool for angiogenesis.
Mitomycin-C alone and in combination with infused 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of disseminated gastrointestinal carcinomas

One hundred and thirty-two previously untreated patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were randomized to receive either a 120-hr infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) with mitomycin-C or mitomycin-C alone. Superiority of the combination treatment was demonstrated with remissions in 30 out of 82 (37%) patients versus 9 out of 50 (18%) with the single drug treatment (P = 0.02). The median survial with 5FU--mitomycin-C was 29 weeks, as opposed to 20 weeks with mitomycin-C alone (P = 0.03). The combination produced significantly more severe myelotoxicity than the single drug, and jaundiced patients experienced more myelosuppression than non-jaundiced patients with both treatments.
Compositional profile of the amorphous silicon/nitride interface studied with Rutherford backscattering

The compositional profile of the interface between plasma‐deposited amorphous silicon (a‐Si: H) and silicon nitride (a‐SiNx:H) thin films has been examined using high depth resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. We have optimized the grazing exit angle geometry of the measurement using a model calculation which predicts a ∼20 A interface depth resolution. The fundamental noise sources considered in the calculation are the energy straggling and angular divergence of ions traversing the target, detector noise, and geometrical effects. Experimentally, the major compositional change for both Si and N is found to take place within the interface depth resolution which is 18 A. However, we find a tail of ∼3 at. % nitrogen extending through a 50‐A a‐Si:H layer deposited on top of a‐SiNx:H. Such a tail is not expected for the reverse order of layer deposition. The compositional asymmetry depending on the order of deposition is presumably associated with the reported asymmetry in the charge density at i...
Nuclear Event Scene Generation For Sensor Design, Background Algorithm Design, And Performance Evaluation

This paper gives the development and examples of synthetic nuclear background scenes. These scenes are compared with nuclear test data. These scenes may be used for sensor design and analysis.
Does routine consultation of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology change surgical management?

Background Routine secondary cytologic review of thyroid gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens in patients referred from other institutions has been the recommended practice at some medical centers. We sought to determine the concordance rates between FNA interpretations at referring institutions and our center to determine if they alter surgical management. Study Design All thyroid gland FNAs referred to our center for cytopathologic opinion from June 2000 to August 2004 were reviewed. Patients in whom FNA biopsies were performed for thyroid cancer recurrences or core biopsies and patients in whom only a cytopathologic opinion was requested without a clinical consultation were excluded from the study. FNA results were divided into benign, indeterminate, suspicious, malignant, and nondiagnostic categories. FNA interpretations at our medical center and the referring institutions were compared with final histology results in patients who underwent operations. Results One hundred forty-seven patients had secondary review of their thyroid gland FNA specimens. The overall concordance was 82%, with the highest concordance rate in the malignant category (95%) and the lowest in the suspicious category (62%, p Conclusions Our results suggest that routine secondary cytopathologic review of FNA specimens from referring institutions changes surgical management in some patients with thyroid neoplasms. We recommend this practice be widely used at other centers, especially for suspicious results.
Temperature dependence of emission efficiency and lasing threshold in laser diodes

It is found that in GaAs 1-x P x injection lasers both the spontaneous emission efficiency η and the laser threshold j vary exponentially with the temperature T: \eta = \eta_{0} \exp(-T/\theta_{1}) and j = j_{0} \exp(T/\theta_{2}) . θ 1 and θ 2 are usually nearly equal and range between 50 and 110°K. The behavior of the external efficiency is correlated with the temperature dependence of the absorption along the propagation path of the radiation: as the temperature increases, the exponential absorption edge shifts to lower energies faster than the emission peak. The difference between the two shifts is nearly linear with temperature. The effect of self-absorption on external efficiency was tested by measuring the light emitted transversely to the p-n junction through a layer of constant thickness. With such a geometry, it is shown that the efficiency should vary as \exp [-A \exp (T/\theta)] . The experiment agrees with this prediction.
Studies on Heats of Formation for Tetrazole Derivatives with Density Functional Theory B3LYP Method

The heats of formation (HOF) for 49 tetrazole derivatives are calculated with the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method by means of designed isodemic and isogyric reactions. The average abso...
Evidence that nuclear genes code for several chloroplast ribosomal proteins

Abstract Electrophoresis of the proteins of the 50S chloroplast ribosome subunit reveals that there are at least two detectable differencesbetween Nicotiana tabacum and N. glauca . Nuclear genes contain the information for these two polypeptides since they are transmitted to F 1 interspecific hybrids independently of the maternal parent.
Wideline Separation (WISE) NMR of Native Elastin

Native elastin is an insoluble, amorphous (noncrystalline) protein with significant hydrophobic character. As its name suggests, the elasticity of blood vessels and other tissue types in vertebrates originates from this protein. We have previously shown that there is significant structural heterogeneity in this protein and its mimetics, and our earlier data indicated that its dynamic profile includes motions under multiple time scales. To examine this picture further, we use WIdeline SEparation (WISE) NMR experiments to characterize the natural-abundance 13C populations of unenriched elastin in fully hydrated and lyophilized states. The hydrated elastin has only one peak in the indirect dimension, reflective of significant motional narrowing. In contrast, the lyophilized elastin has a broad feature, indicating limited or no motion. In addition, however, our results indicate that a faster motion is also present, even in the absence of the water. The details of the line fitting and the possible implications...
Preoperative pregnancy testing: a survey of current practice

Abstract Study Objective: To examine contemporary practices and opinions regarding preoperative testing requirements, with special emphasis on perioperative pregnancy recognition and consequences thereof. Design and Setting: Anonymous questionnaire survey distributed to 300 (almost exclusively American) physicians attending the 1996 Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology meeting. Measurements and Main Results: Responses from 169 anesthesiologists indicated that approximately one-third mandated pregnancy testing via departmental policy. More anesthesiologists ( p = 0.02) mandated routine pregnancy testing of all elective (30%) versus all emergency (17%) surgical patients. Sixty-six percent versus 20% percent, respectively, would require rather than simply offer pregnancy testing when history indicated possible pregnancy; 20% and 15%, respectively, of those surveyed indicated elective surgery would be canceled by the anesthesiologist if the patient were pregnant or refused testing ( p = NS ). Although 98% of respondents recognized a legal requirement to report child abuse, and 82% believed pregnancy in a juvenile ( i.e. , the child's age is under local legal defined age for consent to sex) by definition constituted child abuse, fewer than 4% would report this information to the police, even if the impregnating male were known to be an adult. Conclusions: The desire to identify pregnancy using patient history was most prevalent among anesthesiologists, with less than one third using mandatory, departmentally imposed screening programs. Positive test results in minors are shared primarily with surgeons and patients, occasionally with parents and social services, but rarely with police, although a positive test almost universally signified child abuse, and mandatory reporting laws were acknowledged by anesthesiologists surveyed.
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system to study synthesis, structure, and function of the plant cell wall

The cell wall of higher plants has been studied in numerous species using methods of carbohydrate chemistry, biochemistry and cell biology portraying the wall as a dynamic structure composed of highly complex polysaccharides and structural proteins encoded by multi-gene families. The recent discovery of proteins involved in cell wall loosening has provided opportunities to elucidate the mechanism of extension growth. Genetic tools have rarely been used to analyze the function of these proteins in vivo, or to identify genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. It has recently been demonstrated that mutants with changes in cell wall composition can be isolated in Arabidopsis thaliana opening possibilities to clone genes involved in the synthesis or modification of cell wall material via map-based approaches. The number of Arabidopsis mutants in cell wall synthesis is very limited, suggesting that novel screening procedures are required to come closer to the goal of saturating cell wall biosynthetic pathways. The availability of large numbers of expressed sequence tags in combination with collections of T-DNA and transposon-tagged Arabidopsis lines offers a considerable potential for the genetic characterization of cell wall-related genes which can be identified via database searches. The recent identification of Arabidopsis genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall precursors, and the discovery of plant homologs to bacterial cellulose synthases offer numerous and exciting possibilities for the genetic dissection of cell wall synthesis in higher plants using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system.
Dysfunctional family systems: Relationship to disordered eating behaviors among university women

Clinicians have speculated that the appearance and maintainance of eating-disordered behavior may be attributed to certain familial characteristics which predispose vulnerable individuals to the development of these behaviors. However, few empirical studies exist to substantiate these speculations. This study compared the responses of 190 female university students on three self-report instruments: the Disordered Eating and Weight Control Instrument (DEWCI), the Eating Disorders Instrument (EDI), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III) to identify potential relationships between eating-disordered behavior and family types. Subjects were classified, on the basis of their scores on the FACES III, into one of three family types: balanced, midrange, or extreme. A one-way analysis of variance with main effect for family type was applied to the eating-behavior subscales. A Turkey multiple comparison test was applied to the significant main effects. Women classified in the extreme family type scored significantly higher (p less than .05) on several measures of eating-disordered behavior. A Distance From Center (DFC) linear score also was computed and correlated with the eating-disordered subscales. All but 4 of the 18 measures correlated significantly (p less than .05). These findings support speculation, particularly that of family theorists, that eating-disordered behavior may be a symptom response and/or coping strategy for women in dysfunctional families.
Spino-pelvic parameters after surgery can be predicted: a preliminary formula and validation of standing alignment.

Study design Prospective and retrospective radiographic study of adult patients with spinal deformities. Objective Construct predictive models for pelvic tilt (PT) and global sagittal balance (sagittal vertical axis [SVA]) and evaluate the effectiveness of these predictive models against a group of patients after pedicle subtraction osteotomy. Summary of background data Spinal balance involves a complex interaction between the pelvis and vertebral column. In the setting of adult spinal deformity, prediction of postoperative alignment can be challenging. Methods The study included 219 adult patients treated for spinal deformity. Full-length standing films were available for all subjects. Multilinear models with a stepwise condition were used on the first group of patients (n = 179) to predict PT and global sagittal balance (measured by the SVA). Prediction models were then applied on a second group of patients (n = 40) to estimate postoperative radiographic parameters after pedicle subtraction osteotomy surgery. Differences between estimated parameters and real values were evaluated. Results Multilinear regression analysis applied on the first group of patients led to a predictive formula for PT (r = 0.93, standard error = 4.4°) using the following parameters: pelvic incidence, maximal lordosis, and maximal kyphosis. These parameters with the addition of the predicted PT were then used to predict the SVA (r = 0.89, standard error = 32 mm). Validation of predictive models (second group of patients) used pelvic incidence and postoperative sagittal curves. Postoperative PT was predicted with a mean error of 4.3° (SD 3.5°) and postoperative SVA was predicted with a mean error of 29 mm (SD = 23 mm). Conclusion This is the first study to develop and validate pragmatic predictive models for key spino-pelvic parameters (PT and SVA) in the setting of adult spinal deformity. Using a morphologic pelvic parameter (pelvic incidence) and spinal parameters modifiable through surgery (lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis), postoperative sagittal alignment can be predicted.
Prognosis of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Abstract Experience with 164 patients with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome seen at C.S. Mott Children's Hospital from 1990 through August, 1995 was reviewed to describe the prognosis of this condition in contemporary patients. Norwood palliation was performed in 158 patients with 120 perioperative (30 days) survivors (76%, CL 70 72–79%). Norwood survival was significantly ( P = 0.0002) better in the 114 patients considered at standard risk: typical hypoplastic left heart syndrome operated at 70 80–87%). Second stage palliation (hemi-Fontan or bidirectional Glenn shunt) was performed in 89 patients, with 86 survivors (97%, CL 70 94–98%). Fontan operations were performed in 47 patients, with 38 survivors (81%, CL 70 74–86%). Actuarial survival for the 164 patient cohort was 78 ± 3% at 1 month, 63 ± 5% at 1 year, and 58 ± 4% from 3 to 5 years of age, with 85 ± 4%, 80 ± 5%, and 73 ± 5% survival in the standard risk group. Significant or potentially significant morbid conditions were reported in 25 of the 120 operative survivors (21%, CL 70 17–25%), including neurologic conditions in 6%, cardiovascular conditions in 10%, and respiratory conditions in 11%. Prognosis of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be improved substantially by a program of surgical palliation. Comprehensive assessment of neurodevelopmental and cardiopulmonary functional status in long-term survivors will be necessary to better define contemporary prognosis in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Non-Descemet stripping Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

PURPOSE To report a case of non-Descemet stripping Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (nDMEK) in a patient with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. METHODS A 70-year-old man underwent an nDMEK in his right eye, which suffered from pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after a complicated cataract surgery was performed. Under local anesthesia, an 8-mm sized round Descemet membrane and endothelial cell graft (DMEK graft), harvested from an 85-year-old male donor cornea, were transplanted without stripping the recipient's Descemet membrane. The patient was examined at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months after the surgery took place. Optical coherence tomography, Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam, Oculus), and specular microscopy were performed. RESULTS Graft detachment was observed at 1 and 2 weeks after the surgery, but this was successfully resolved with C3F8 gas tamponade in the anterior chamber. Thereafter, no graft detachment was observed, and the cornea remained clear 6 months after the surgery. The best-spectacle corrected visual acuity was improved from 20/100 to 20/25, and central corneal pachymetry was improved from 713 to 570 µm. No ocular complication was detected at the final visit. CONCLUSIONS An nDMEK was successfully performed in a patient with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and resulted in a good visual outcome.
Mixed-muscle electrode placement (“jumping” muscles) may produce false-negative results when using transcranial motor evoked potentials to detect an isolated nerve root injury in a porcine model

Introduction Placing EMG electrode pairs that span several muscles is sometimes used to enhance the efficacy of electromyographic recordings. This technique, often referred to as “jumping,” has not been studied when using Motor Evoked Potentials (TcMEP) for detecting isolated spinal nerve root injury during spine surgery.
Ionic Liquids as Novel Lubricants and Additives for Diesel Engine Applications

The lubricating properties of two ionic liquids (ILs) with the same anion but different cations, one ammonium IL [C8H17]3NH.Tf2N and one imidazolium IL C10mim.Tf2N, were evaluated both in neat form and as oil additives. Experiments were conducted using a standardized reciprocating sliding test with a segment of a Cr-plated diesel engine piston ring against a gray cast iron flat specimen. The cast iron surface was prepared with simulated honing marks as on a typical internal combustion engine cylinder liner. The selected ILs were benchmarked against conventional hydrocarbon oils. Substantial friction and wear reductions, up to 55% and 34%, respectively, were achieved for the neat ILs compared to a fully formulated 15W40 engine oil. Adding 5 vol% ILs into mineral oil has demonstrated significant improvement in the lubricity. One blend even outperformed the 15W40 engine oil with 9% lower friction and 34% less wear. Lubrication regime modeling, worn surface morphology examination, and surface chemical analysis were conducted to help understand the lubricating mechanisms for ILs. Results suggest great potential for using ionic liquids as base lubricants or lubricant additives for diesel engine applications.
Regulation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) of the DNA binding activity of transcriptional factors via nuclear protein phosphorylation in guinea pig adipose tissue

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro- p -dioxin (TCDD) induced a modest stimulation of nuclear protein phosphorylation in expiant tissue cultures in 10 min, followed by a substantial decrease in the level of total protein phosphorylation activity in the nucleus. Curiously, this TCDD-induced decline in nuclear protein phosphorylation was accompanied by an increase in cytosolic and extranuclear protein phosphorylation activity. One of the main causes for such a decrease in the protein phosphorylation activity in the nucleus appears to be related to some increase in protein phosphatase activities as judged by the counteractions of okadaic acid and Na 3 VO 4 to the above effect. In addition, TCDD induced changes in nuclear protein kinase activities as well. Manganese-stimulated protein kinase was found to be the predominant type of nuclear protein phosphorylating activity affected by TCDD, with 60% of the total activity due to heparin-sensitive casein kinase II (CK II), a major nuclear protein kinase. The level of CK II activity in the nuclear protein preparation from adipose tissue of TCDD-treated guinea pigs (1 μg/kg) in the presence of 100 nM heparin was only 35% of the control value after 24 hr. In addition, TCDD was found to increase the protein kinase C and microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase activities as early as 15 min after treatment in isolated adipose tissues in culture. Under in situ incubation conditions with expiant tissues in culture, TCDD rapidly enhanced the DNA binding activity of the transcriptional factor AP-1, whereas the same treatment reduced c-Myc DNA binding activity. Genistein, a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, abolished the stimulatory effect of TCDD on AP-1 binding activity, but not on DNA binding activity of c-Myc. Phorbol ester (TPA) increased the binding activity of AP-1 and c-Myc, as expected. However, TCDD in combination with TPA caused a slight reduction in binding activity of both transcriptional factors. On the other hand, in the presence of forskolin, the stimulatory effect of TCDD on AP-1 binding activity and the inhibitory effect on c-Myc were still apparent. Okadaic acid almost abolished the binding activity of c-Myc, whereas in combination with TCDD a stimulatory effect was found. These observations are consistent with the idea that TCDD regulates the DNA binding activity of AP-1 and c-Myc mainly through modulating their states of phosphorylation by altering protein kinase and phosphatase activities.