cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's wrong with novel ecosystems, really?

The novel ecosystems concept has gained much traction in the restoration community. It has also drawn the ire of several prominent ecologists and is the focus of an ongoing debate. We consider three key aspects of this debate: irreversible thresholds, non-native species, and the hybrid state. Irreversible thresholds have been acknowledged in restoration for years, but predicting when a threshold will be crossed and the degree of reversibility is problematic. Oftentimes reversibility is a function of multiple factors, such as cost and public support. In this sense, a novel ecosystem is not an alternate state but a decision. The need for pragmatism regarding control of non-natives has also long been recognized in restoration circles. Proponents of the novel ecosystem idea adopt this pragmatism by recommending that management decisions be based on impacts conferred by species in altered ecosystems, regardless of their origin. The concept of a hybrid state has proven difficult to operationalize. We suggest that rather than trying to identify the boundary between hybrid and novel states, ecosystems exist on a gradient of alteration. We offer a decision tree for restoration action that integrates aspects of novel ecosystems with other perspectives in modern restoration ecology. We conclude that the idea of novel ecosystems, though not perfect, deserves a place under the “big tent” of restoration that includes efforts to return fully to a reference state, as well as strategies for reinstating lost ecological processes and enhancing ecosystem services in transformed landscapes where such a return is deemed infeasible.
The Dramatization of Inner Experience: The Opening Scene of Seneca's Agamemnon

Attempts to determine an absolute chronology for the composition of Seneca's tragedies have been frustrated by our lack of both external and internal evidence for dating. Even a relative chronology moreover will be open to dispute as long as we must depend almost solely on metrical, stylistic and linguistic considerations. Recently, for example, Calder has questioned the opinion of Leo, and other scholars, that Agamemnon was written before Thyestes. Calder has examined stylistic features of both plays, and he suggests, quite correctly, that the opening scene of Agamemnon is similar to that of Thyestes in structure and imagery but is less skilfully connected to the subsequent action. He concludes, however, that Thyestes is the earlier play, and he offers the following conjectures as proof: Seneca borrowed the opening scene of Thyestes from a play of Sophocles; then, when composing Agamemnon, instead of using the watchman's prologue of Aeschylus, he attempted to create a new opening scene after the pattern of his Thyestes. Not explicitly stated, though perhaps implied, is the unfortunate conclusion that the Thyestes opening scene is successful because Seneca followed Sophocles, that Agamemnon is flawed because Seneca later tried to innovate, to deviate from his Greek ‘models’.Such a conclusion fails, I think, to take into proper consideration Seneca's creativity in his use of sources, and the reasons why he used an opening scene by a superhuman figure, rather than a watchman. Three of Seneca's plays begin with a scene in which appears a superhuman figure: Hercules Furens, Agamemnon and Thyestes. If we compare the first two plays with the Herakles of Euripides and the Agamemnon of Aeschylus, which both open with human figures, we find that in both Seneca has preferred not to imitate the prologues of the Greek dramatists. (We have, unfortunately, no complete Greek Thyestes with which we can compare Seneca's.) In addition, his opening scenes differ in style from those Greek plays in which a superhuman figure does appear in the prologue. Obviously, the choice of a human or non-human prologist, as Heldmann says, depends on something other than a Greek source.
Abstract 2504: Assessing the efficacy of the anti metabolic drug, CPI-613, for targeting of ovarian cancer stem cells

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are believed to contribute to the recurrent and often platinum resistant ovarian cancer (OvCa). Moreover, it has been suggested that some anticancer treatments result in an increased frequency of CSC relative to non-CSC. More recently, we have determined that the PARP inhibitor olaparib increased the frequency of CD133, CD117 and ALDH positive cells in the established serous OvCa cell lines OVCAR4 and CaOV4 and in primary cell lines derived from serous carcinomas obtained with IRB approval at the time of initial surgery. We also showed that olaparib treatment increased sphere forming capacity, expression of stemness genes and CSC proliferation suggesting that olaparib has the unintended effect of stimulating CSC function. Previous work has shown that the metabolic inhibitor CPI-613 preferentially targets ovarian CSCs due to their altered metabolism. Our objective here was to determine whether CPI-613 could negate the effect of olaparib on CSC function. OVCAR4 and CaOV4 cells were treated with 50 μM CPI-613 and the relative frequency of CD133+ and CD177+ cells was assessed at 72 hours post treatment by flow cytometry with cell viability analyzed by MTT. Additionally, the sphere forming capacity of CPI-613 treated cells relative to that of vehicle treated cells was determined in an extreme limiting dilution assay. Finally, the expression of stemness genes in the CPI-613 treated and vehicle treated cells was evaluated by RT-PCR. Treatment of OVCAR4 and CaOV4 cells with CPI-613 decreased the frequency of CD133+ and CD117+ positive cells relative to untreated cells (p Clinical trials with olaparib in OvCa have resulted in increased progression free survival but no significant difference in overall survival has been observed. This raises the question of whether treatment with olaparib selects for the recurrence of more resistant disease, driven in part by the proliferation of CSCs. Our results suggest that CPI-613-mediated disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory pathway preferentially targets CSC and suppresses olaparib9s effects on CSC function. In conclusion, targeting CSCs with non-traditional strategies could augment clinical outcomes and CPI-613 represents a promising candidate for combination with FDA approved olaparib treatment in OvCa. Citation Format: Chiara Bellio, Rosemary Foster, Whitfield B. Growdon, Bo R. Rueda. Assessing the efficacy of the anti metabolic drug, CPI-613, for targeting of ovarian cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2504.
Plants, Their Fossilization, and Techniques of Fossil Study

If you have ever watched moving water carry sand grains, silt particles, twigs, seeds, leaves, or in flood time large logs and even houses, you have watched what may be a preliminary stage in the formation of fossils. When the stream slows down as it meets a body of standing water, such as a pond, lake, or sea, its load begins to be dropped or to sediment out. The heavier particles are dropped first, closer to shore, and the lighter particles are dropped farther from shore. Changes in the rate of flow of the moving water produce variations in the size and type of particles deposited over any particular area. In this way a delta is built up (Fig. 1-1). A vertical section through the deltaic deposits may reveal layers of varying thickness and constitution, some sandy, some muddy, some with otherwise mixed particles. Fig. 1-2 shows rock strata that were built up in this way.
The Response Function of the Hard-Sphere Fermi Gas

This paper is devoted to a microscopic study of the elementary excitations of a hard-sphere Fermi gas which are produced by a weakly interacting probe. We apply linear-response theory in a correlated basis and calculate the density-density response function Π(q,ω) and corresponding dynamic structure factor S(q,ω), as functions of the transferred momentum ħq and energy ħω. Systems with single-particle level degeneracy ν = 4 and ν = 2 are considered, in correspondence with symmetrical nuclear matter and pure neutron matter. The results are referred to a hard-core radius of c = 0.4 fm−1, again with nuclear systems in mind.
Narrative Medicine: A Writing Workshop Curriculum for Residents

Abstract Introduction Reflection is a critical part of the learning cycle. Narrative medicine has been shown to help physicians-in-training develop both empathy and professional identity. A narrati...
The effect of attitudinal barriers to mental health treatment on cannabis use and mediation through coping motives

Abstract Introduction Cannabis users are at higher risk for any mental disorder than the general population. However, there remains a shortage of research that examines the relationship between reluctance to seek mental health treatment and subsequent frequent cannabis use. This study evaluates whether negative attitudes toward mental health treatment (i.e. attitudinal barriers) predict a high frequency of cannabis use and whether using cannabis to cope with mental health symptoms (i.e., coping motives) explains this relationship. Methods Participants were students at Washington State University (WSU) who received violations for illegal cannabis use or possession. Data were collected from participants 60 days after a mandated two-part course for cannabis harm reduction (n = 98). A cross-sectional path analysis was performed to assess whether coping motives mediated the relationship between attitudinal barriers to mental health treatment and frequency of cannabis use after controlling for mental health symptoms. Results Coping motives fully mediated the relationship between negative attitudes toward treatment and frequency of use (indirect effect: β = 0.087, bootstrap CI: 0.016–0.541). The direction of results was confirmed by switching the mediator and criterion variable. The model fit well with the data ( χ 2 (2) = 0.367, p = 0.83, RMSEA = 0.00, CFI = 1, SRMR = 0.008). Conclusions Reluctance to seek mental health treatment may be related to higher levels of cannabis use through coping motives. Addressing attitudes toward mental health treatment may be an alternative way to decrease frequency of use or possibly promote mental health treatment-seeking behaviors when needed. Further studies are needed to confirm the implications of this finding.
Lenalidomide Abrogates the Protective Influence of Nurse-Like Cells on Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells In Vitro.

Abstract Lenalidomide (3-(4-amino-1-oxo-3H-isoindol-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione)) is an agent approved for treatment of patients with del 5q myelodysplastic syndromes and previously treated multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide has been found in early clinical trials to have potential therapeutic activity in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The mechanism(s) whereby this drug is active in CLL is unknown. In particular, studies to date have not found lenalidomide to have any direct cytotoxic activity on CLL cells in vitro. This has stimulated speculation that this agent might adversely affect the positive influence of the microenvironment on leukemia-cell survival. We and others have observed that cells found in the leukemia microenvironment can support CLL-cell survival in vitro. One such type of cells are nurse-like cells (NLC), which can differentiate from the CD14-positive blood mononuclear cells of CLL patients into large, round adherent cells that can attract and support CLL cell survival in vitro for weeks, if not longer. We evaluated the effects of lenalidomide on primary leukemia-cell survival in vitro when the CLL cells from different patients (N=21) were cultured alone or together with NLC generated as previously described [Tsukada Blood 2002]. We assessed the in-vitro activity of lenalidomide on primary CLL cells from 21 patients, in duplicate in a series of 6 experiments. Lenalidomide at concentrations of 0.1μM-200μM did not significantly impact the survival of CLL cells that were cultured alone for up to 12 days. Analysis of cell surface markers revealed increased expression of CD38 at 36 hours in 5/5 lenalidomide treated CLL samples compared with untreated cells (MFIR 5.7 +/− .86 vs. 3.4 +/− .83 p=.003). We observed sustained upregualtion of CD40 and regulation of CXCR4 in the majority of cells treated with lenalidomide. When cultured with NLC, the survival of CLL cells was comparable to or significantly higher than that of CLL cells cultured alone 62.4% vs. 51% (+/−3% SEM n=21 p [
Unruly affect in the kindergarten classroom: A critical analysis of social-emotional learning:

This article offers a critique of social-emotional learning programs through the lens of psychoanalytic theory and with a particular focus on the theoretical contributions of Kleinian psychoanalysi...
Chapter Eight: Ownership or Access to Electronic Information—A Selective Bibliography

Bibliographie selective sur l'evolution de l'acquisition traditionnelle dans les bibliotheques vers l'acces a l'information electronique
Protein Deposition on Nascent Pre-mRNA Transcripts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the molecular mechanisms directing protein deposition on nascent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcripts in vivo, with a view to interpreting the cytological data and the significance of these deposition processes to gene expression. Most hnRNP proteins are envisioned to bind nascent pre-mRNA immediately following passage of the transcription bubble, possibly within 100 nucleotides of the polymerase complex, and for certain proteins through interactions with chromatin. The generalized nucleoplasmic distribution exhibited by most hnRNP proteins suggests that these proteins are abundant and free to diffuse through the nucleus. The strength of the hnRNP protein binding site may dictate whether certain RNA sequences remain accessible for binding of other transacting factors or become folded into compact hnRNP complexes. Those sequences rendered accessible by high-affinity hnRNP protein binding sites then become associated with snRNP particles and SR proteins to commit the nascent pre-mRNA transcript to splicing. The snRNP particles and SR proteins may be recruited from concentrated nuclear storage sites. It is suggested that the rates of protein recruitment, transcription, and intron removal may dictate whether removal of a particular intron occurs cotranscriptionally or following release of the transcript from the DNA template.
New Design Strategies for Ligands That Target Protein Kinase-Mediated Protein-Protein Interactions

Protein-protein interactions serve as the molecular engine that drives the formation and disassembly of intracellular signaling pathways. Antagonists of these interactions could play key roles as both biological reagents and therapeutic compounds. However, much of the early work in this area with peptides revealed that these species, in general, bind with modest affinity to their protein targets. In addition, when these studies first commenced nearly 20 years ago, the technology for the intracellular delivery of peptides and modified analogs thereof was rudimentary. In the intervening years, not only has this technology dramatically improved, but the global role that protein-protein interactions play in transducing intracellular signals has become simply too obvious to ignore. With the introduction of combinatorial library methods, it is now a simple matter to identify consensus sequences recognized by protein interaction domains. An array of strategies has now been developed to transform these otherwise modest binding consensus sequences into high-affinity ligands. These strategies include the design of high-affinity replacements for key amino acid residues in consensus peptides, the construction of multidomain-binding peptides, and the structural modification of consensus sequence peptides. In several of these instances, unprecedented affinity ( 1,000-fold versus closely related protein targets) have been achieved.
A short history of the Optics Group of the Willow Run Laboratories

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the short history of the optics group of the willow run laboratories. The chapter discusses the Radar Laboratory of the University of Michigan's Willow Run Laboratories, which has, throughout its history, performed work supported by the military, and for that reason its accomplishments have often been shrouded in secrecy. The Willow Run Laboratories separated from the University of Michigan in 1972 and became the not-for-profit corporation called environmental research institute of Michigan (ERIM). The personnel and organization of the Optics Group have undergone many changes and only a few of the early members still remain. However, the group is still identifiable as the descendant of that highly successful group. In the 1960s, while the Optics Group was busy making its innovations there was parallel activity conducted by A. Lohmann who functioned as a one man counterpart of the coherent Optics Group, busily applying communication concepts to optics, thereby developing holography and optical processing. The conditions, however, were different; it was a large group, extremely well funded, and with some very specific missions. The price paid for this enviable position was, at least until 1963, difficulty and long delays in publishing the work in the open literature. It is interesting to speculate on what might have been accomplished had Lohmann been a member of this group.
Diet and Breast Cancer: Can Dietary Factors Influence Survival?

Breast cancer accounts for over one third of invasive cancers in women. Earlier detection and improved initial treatments have resulted in an increasing number of women who have completed standard treatments but who remain at risk for breast cancer recurrence or early death. Epidemiological studies have linked diet composition with prognosis, and many women attempt to modify their diets and improve nutritional status following diagnosis. The hypothesis that dietary factors may reduce risk for secondary cancer events and increase survival in this population is currently under study in two large randomized clinical trials: the Women's Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS) and the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study. The WHEL Study is testing the effect of a diet high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber, and low in fat, on disease-free survival in women with early stage breast cancer. Hypothesized mechanisms include effects of diet modification on gonadal hormones, retinoid-like activities of carotenoids, and other protective effects of biologically active dietary constituents.
Mapping Progress in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk with Kidney Disease: A Focus on Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD and patients with ESKD. The pathophysiology of HF in kidney disease is complex, related to “traditional” as well as novel kidney-specific risk factors. There are two subtypes of HF:
Polymeric coatings for applications in electrocatalytic and photoelectrosynthetic fuel production

Applications of polymeric coatings have emerged as a promising direction for preparing multilayered assemblies and controlling surface properties. In addition to providing a foundation for interfacing soft materials onto solid supports, polymers afford opportunities to develop hybrid constructs with properties difficult to achieve using monolayer-based chemical modification methods. In particular, the microenvironments of polymers are proposed to facilitate charge transfer to redox-active sites, manage delivery of chemical substrates, improve product specificity during catalytic transformations, and lend chemical protection to underpinning solid-state supports as well as embedded components. In this article, we highlight selected examples of polymeric materials utilized in electrocatalytic and photoelectrosynthetic fuel production.
The Role of NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy in Health and Disease

Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) is a selective cargo receptor that mediates the autophagic degradation of ferritin (“ferritinophagy”), the cytosolic iron storage complex. NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy maintains intracellular iron homeostasis by facilitating ferritin iron storage or release according to demand. Ferritinophagy is involved in iron-dependent physiological processes such as erythropoiesis, where NCOA4 mediates ferritin iron release for mitochondrial heme synthesis. Recently, ferritinophagy has been shown to regulate ferroptosis, a newly described form of iron-dependent cell death mediated by excess lipid peroxidation. Dysregulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis have been described in neurodegeneration, cancer, and infection, but little is known about the role of ferritinophagy in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we will review the biochemical regulation of NCOA4, its contribution to physiological processes and its role in disease. Finally, we will discuss the potential of activating or inhibiting ferritinophagy and ferroptosis for therapeutic purposes.
Selectively targeting the malignant clone through the cellular redox state

Antioxidant compounds that can mimic the activity of endogenous enzymes via redox cycling offer a novel method of targeted cancer treatment. We investigated the therapeutic effect of a mitochondrial- targeted, MnSOD mimetic, Mn(III) mesotetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2yl) porphyrin, (MnTnBuOE) within myeloid lineage hematopoietic malignancies and utilize the hematopoietic disorder myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for the presentation of mechanistic insights to MnTnBuOE efficacy. Consistent with our previous report, MnTnBuOE treatment offers protection of normal HSCs demonstrated by an increase in both CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38+ stem/progenitor cell viability. However, similar treatment shows significant cytotoxicity mediated by MnTnBuOE induced hydrogen peroxide within acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and MDS models. Transcriptional array analysis indicates that MnTnBuOE treatment initiates activator protein 1 (AP-1) activity. DNA mediated pull down and immunoprecipitation identifies JunB as a transcriptional mediator of MnTnBuOE induced cytotoxicity. Stable knock down of JunB provides protection against MnTnBuOE induced cytotoxicity confirming JunB’s critical role in MnTnBuOE induced hematopoietic malignant cell death. Precipitation with biotin-1,3-cyclopentadione combined with LC-MS/MS analysis of JunB identified Cys285 as the critical cysteine within the DNA binding region of JunB that is susceptible to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide. This, in concert with co-immunoprecipitation of JunB placed Ref-1 as a protein specifically involved in the redox-modification of JunB. Lentiviral mediated knock down of Ref-1 indicates that the interaction between Ref-1 and JunB is critical for MnTnBuOE induced cytotoxicity. The AP-1 ability to bind consensus promoter sequence regardless of methylation status, indicates MnTnBuOE mediated activation of JunB as a potential alternative therapy for aggressive or chemoresistant malignancies in a p53 independent manner. The finding that MnTnBuOE can exert selective cytotoxicity in malignant cells via redox-dependent differential activation of molecular pathways controlling cell fate will significantly aid further development of safe, effective redox-active therapeutics to prevent normal tissue injury and enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy.
An Expandable Mechanopharmaceutical Device (2): Drug Induced Granulomas Maximize the Cargo Sequestering Capacity of Macrophages in the Liver

Drug-induced liver injuries (DILI) comprise a significant proportion of adverse drug reactions leading to hospitalizations and death. One frequent DILI is granulomatous inflammation from exposure to harmful metabolites that activate inflammatory pathways of immune cells of the liver, which may act as a barrier to isolate the irritating stimulus and limit tissue damage. Paralleling the accumulation of CFZ precipitates in the liver, granulomatous inflammation was studied to gain insight into its effect on liver structure and function. A structural analog that does not precipitate within macrophages was also studied using micro-analytical approaches. Depleting macrophages was used to inhibit granuloma formation and assess its effect on drug bioaccumulation and toxicity. Granuloma-associated macrophages showed a distinct phenotype, differentiating them from non-granuloma macrophages. Granulomas were induced by insoluble CFZ cargo, but not by the more soluble analog, pointing to precipitation being a factor driving granulomatous inflammation. Granuloma-associated macrophages showed increased activation of lysosomal master-regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB). Inhibiting granuloma formation increased hepatic necrosis and systemic toxicity in CFZ-treated animals. Granuloma-associated macrophages are a specialized cell population equipped to actively sequester and stabilize cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, drug-induced granulomas may function as drug sequestering “organoids” –an induced, specialized sub-compartment– to limit tissue damage.
Grenada's extinct rice rats (Oryzomyini): Zooarchaeological evidence for taxonomic diversity

Abstract Extinct species analyzed in zooarchaeological studies are often organized into broader taxonomic categories due to their absence in comparative collections or limited taxonomic knowledge. However, current taxonomic and phylogenetic research is constantly challenging zooarchaeological analysis to provide more accurate identifications and offers the opportunity to reassess these categories. These concerns can be addressed by increasing zooarchaeological publications with detailed morphological descriptions of analyzed specimens and reevaluating identifications of previously analyzed zooarchaeological collections with updated phylogenetic and taxonomic information. I present a case study from Grenada, WI to show the importance of reevaluating zooarchaeological taxonomic categories and how this impacts archaeological interpretations. Recent morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Lesser Antilles rice rats, particularly of giant rice rat phylogenies, have reconciled some difficulties with their identification. New preliminary identifications with morphological descriptions are presented and reveal that Grenada had greater rice rat diversity than was previously recognized in pre-Columbian archaeological contexts, including evidence for possible human assisted translocations. These conclusions also highlight the value of museum collections and the contribution zooarchaeology can make to biodiversity research.
Design and Validation of a Low-Cost, High-Fidelity Model for Urethrovesical Anastomosis in Radical Prostatectomy.

Abstract Objective: We sought to develop and validate a low-cost, high-fidelity robotic surgical model for the urethrovesical anastomosis component of the robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prosta...
How the State Criminalizes Immigrants and to What Effect: A Multidisciplinary Account:

The recent salience of immigration as an issue has led to more restrictive policies toward immigrants in many settings. This special issue brings together scholars from multiple disciplines and pre...
La ética de la voz-Real y la autoamputación de la lengua en Tiempo de revancha

Te hare cortar la lengua si chistas.1The liberating risk of life takes the form not of risk on the field of battle, but of the risk created by Robespierre’s Terror. The working Bourgeois, turned Re...
Xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics from biomass autohydrolyzate

Abstract With an increased awareness of health and wellness, prebiotics have received a great amount of attention recently. In this study, autohydrolyzate from hot water treatment of Miscanthus lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated for its prebiotic effect by fermentation of Lactobacillus brevis strain. The cell growth on raw autohydrolyzate-supplemented media was comparable to the sample grown on glucose until an incubation time of 24 h then gradually declined. Autohydrolyzate contains various inhibitors (25.9% of total dissolved solids) and it was determined that dissolved lignin had a significant inhibitory effect to bacterial growth. When the autohydrolyzate was purified using a hydrophobic resin, purified autohydrolyzate exhibited high bacterial growth (cell density (OD 600) of 4.8) and high acid production (7.7 and 3.1 g/L of lactic and acetic acid, respectively), which was comparable with commercial xylooligosaccharides. In conclusion, mixed oligosaccharides in the autohydrolyzate from Miscanthus have considerable potential as a prebiotic and are comparable with commercial xylooligosaccharides derived products.
Acoustic emission monitoring of containment structures during post-tensioning

Abstract This paper introduces a method based on acoustic emission (AE) to monitor the onset of delamination in post-tensioned concrete containment structures. The method is based on clustering AE occurring during post-tensioning and/or re-tensioning such structures. In particular, the investigation is focused on AE of a large-scale, curved concrete wall subject to monotonically increasing prestressing forces. This specimen is a representative of typical cylindrical concrete structures, such as water storage tanks, silos, bins, and nuclear containment structures. To analyze AE data, this paper uses both time-driven and hit-driven features extracted from AE. To this end, a novel approach is proposed to analyze and visualize hit-driven features. To detect and localize such defects, the proposed approach identifies an optimal number of clusters in AE data and interprets each cluster based on the physical mechanism that generates it. Such interpretations are compared with the state of stresses and modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria. The results show that the AE events are due to three categories of source mechanisms, micro shear cracking, micro tensile cracking, and macro delamination cracking. To validate the results, comparisons are made with through-thickness expansion measurements of the wall. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can detect delamination defects and enable decision makers to take remedial and preventive actions.
Ethics and Social Justice: Strangers Passing in the Night?

The literature of education for social justice and the literature of ethics in education seem rarely to cross the boundaries of their separated discourse. This chapter attempts to understand some of the standpoints that might clarify why they have not collaborated in exploiting the strong points they both have to offer, and concludes with an argument for such collaboration.
Eight flavours of cyclic homology

We introduce eight versions of cyclic homology of a mixed complex and study their properties. In particular, we determine their behaviour with respect to Chen iterated integrals.
Associations between Affect, Physical Activity, and Anxiety Among US Children During COVID-19

Abstract We investigated how emotional responses (positive and negative affect), physical activity (PA), and sedentary behaviors related to anxiety among US children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty-four typically-developing children (63% girls) age 9-15 years old completed two virtual visits during height of “stay-at-home” measures between April 22 – July 29, 2020. Children completed 24-hour PA recalls, state portion of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the shortened 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C). Children reported state anxiety scores that were more than 5 standard deviations greater than values from healthy pediatric populations prior to the pandemic. Children with higher positive affect and who reported more time in PA reported less state anxiety. Sedentary and leisure screen time were positively correlated with negative affect. Our findings suggest that maintaining positive affect, engaging in PA, and limiting leisure screen time may be important for child mental health during stressful periods. Statement of Relevance There is increasing concern regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the psychological and physical health of children. To date, studies on mental health during the pandemic in children are limited. We investigated links between activity levels and psychological outcomes in children during the height of the “stay-at-home” measures. We found that children had anxiety scores that were more than 5 standard deviations greater than normative values from healthy pediatric populations prior to the pandemic, and 94% of children exceeded the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations on leisure screen time. Positive affect and physical activity were associated with reduced anxiety levels in children during the pandemic. These findings highlight the important mental health benefits of maintaining positive affect, engaging in physical activity, and limiting leisure screen time for children, especially during stressful periods.
Measuring Racist Aggressions on Social Media and the Effects on U.S. College Students of Color: An Instrument Validation

The Racist Aggressions on Social Media (RASM) survey, with adapted scales to social media, was developed and tested. Results indicate that the instrument yields reliable and valid scores to measure...
Thermal radiation from optically driven Kerr (χ(3)) photonic cavities

We describe thermal radiation from nonlinear (χ(3)) photonic cavities coupled to external channels and subject to incident monochromatic light. Our work extends related work on nonlinear mechanical oscillators to the problem of thermal radiation, demonstrating that bistability can enhance thermal radiation by orders of magnitude and result in strong lineshape alternations, including “super-narrow spectral peaks” occurring at the onset of kinetic phase transitions. We show that when the cavities are designed to exhibit perfect linear emissivity (rate matching), such thermally activated transitions can be exploited to dramatically tune the output power and radiative properties of the cavity, leading to a kind of Kerr-mediated thermo-optic effect. Finally, we demonstrate that in certain parameter regimes, the output radiation exhibits Stokes and anti-Stokes side peaks whose relative magnitudes can be altered by tuning the internal temperature of the cavity relative to its surroundings, a consequence of stron...
Resonant Optical Spin Initialization and Readout of Single Silicon Vacancies in 4 H - Si C

The silicon vacancy in SiC has long-lived electronic spin states that can be used for quantum sensing, communication, and computation, but knowledge of the optical transitions used to measure and control these spin states has been lacking. This study uses high-resolution laser spectroscopy of individual silicon vacancies in 4$H$-SiC to isolate the spin-dependent optical transitions. Each defect has two narrow, nearly lifetime-limited optical transitions that correspond to different spin states, and result in quite different spin-polarization dynamics when driven. These results are promising for interfacing spins and photons, including efficient spin initialization and readout.
Estimation of a type 2 Tobit model with generalized Box-Cox transformation

This article considers estimation of a Type 2 Tobit model with Bickel-Doksum transformation of the dependent variable of the regression equation. The basic idea is that while the transformed depend...
On accuracy and anonymity of privacy-preserving negative survey (NS) algorithms

Abstract The traditional method of conducting a survey is to ask each respondent to select the one that best applies from a set of options. This makes surveys on sensitive topics challenging. Apart from misreporting, interviewees who are surveyed on a sensitive topic may simply refuse to answer the questions due to privacy concerns. Negative surveys provide useful statistical information while being resistant to data disclosure. Respondents of negative surveys answer each question with random false answer(s). The real statistical data about the population being surveyed can be rather accurately inferred from the collective false information using probabilistic algorithms. The first negative survey approach is the one-select negative survey (1-NS). Multi-select negative survey (MNS) was later proposed to further improve accuracy of the estimate. While MNS does improve estimate accuracy to some extent, it is at the cost of reduced individual user anonymity (IUA). This runs counter to the intention of protecting user privacy. In this paper, we propose a new NS algorithm – Two-Question Negative Survey (TQNS). TQNS provides greater IUA while still producing an unbiased estimate. A comprehensive analysis of different NS algorithms is undertaken of both estimate accuracy and the level of IUA. The goal is to provide with adequate information about different NS algorithms so surveyors can choose the approach that suits their needs.
Synthetic sunflower scent trains bees for better pollination

![Graphic][1] When honeybees go foraging in gardens or forests, the world is their bouquet. But sometimes we need them to forage and pollinate vast fields of a single commercial crop such as sunflowers, so how can we entice them to selectively pollinate a single crop? Researchers Walter
Occurrence of agricultural pesticides in Mississippi Delta Bayou sediments and their effects on the amphipod: Hyalella azteca

Agricultural activity enhances topsoil erosion and facilitates the transport of pesticides that alter watershed sediment quality. Agricultural stream (bayou) sediment quality in Mississippi, USA, w...
The Online Transition of Two CS Courses in Response to COVID-19

COVID-19 caused universities to switch from traditional face-to-face (F2F) course delivery to completely online in Spring 2020. This transition took place on short notice in the middle of the semester. We present results from surveys of students in two CS courses offered at Virginia Tech. Results indicate differing perceptions in the two courses regarding the usefulness of course components before and after the transition for each course. A logistic regression model indicates that for each course, different course components both before and after the transition significantly affect students' preferences for course modality.
A Guidebook for mentors and mentees

Someone who respects you more than you deserve, and expects from you more than you think you can give. That is my working definition of a mentor. All of us have mentors, and many of us have mentors yet to be discovered. Not everyone that you encounter who is more experienced or older than you will be a mentor. The term mentor implies an investment in you, an interest in your success beyond just giving input on doing your job. Mentorship may start with technical skills, but any relationship that truly molds you soon evolves into life skills; those skills that allow you to cope with pressure, balance life and work, and interact with other people. This presentation covers some key points about being both a mentor and a mentee. These are learned from tuition paid in both roles. Tuition? It comes in a lot of forms other than $$$.
Agency, identity, power: An agentive triad model for teacher action

Teacher action and change is a complex and nuanced phenomenon that has been theorized across diverse literature in terms of identity, agency, and power. Drawing on this literature, this article off...
Analysis of CPG control strategies using APC for single phase grid tied SPPS

Abstract As there is increase of Grid-Tied PV system, various challenges such as overloading of transformer, fluctuating PV power are more pronounce during peak hour time. Thus, in order to overcome the above-mentioned challenges, advance APC (Active Power Control) method is proposed. For cost-effectiveness, CPG (Constant Power Generation) controller has been incorporated with active grid regulation. The proposed paper shows, three different control technique of CPG based on APC: 1) Power Control constant power generation technique 2) Current-Control constant power generation technique 3) Perturb & Observe- Control Constant power generation technique. When there is change of operational mode from maximum power to CPG mode, the performance of entire system will get affected. To counter this, the proposed paper also revealed that by using P&O-Control CPG or Current-Control CPG mode fast dynamic can be achieved with good response under steady-state. Further, experimental results conducted on single phase Solar photovoltaic Power system (SPPS) have been discussed.
Evaluating the association between COVID-19 and psychiatric presentations, suicidal ideation in an emergency department.

Objective To estimate the association between COVID-19 and Emergency Department (ED) psychiatric presentations, including suicidal ideation. Methods Using an interrupted time series design, we analyzed psychiatric presentations using electronic health record data in an academic medical center ED between 2018 and 2020. We used regression models to assess the association between the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak and certain psychiatric presentations. The period February 26–March 6, 2020 was used to define patterns in psychiatric presentations before and after the coronavirus outbreak. Results We found a 36.2% decrease (unadjusted) in ED psychiatric consults following the coronavirus outbreak, as compared to the previous year. After accounting for underlying trends, our results estimate significant differential change associated with suicidal ideation and substance use disorder (SUD) presentations following the outbreak. Specifically, we noted a significant differential increase in presentations with suicidal ideation six weeks after the outbreak (36.4 percentage points change; 95% CI: 5.3, 67.6). For presentations with SUD, we found a differential increase in the COVID-19 time series relative to the comparison time series at all post-outbreak time points and this differential increase was significant three weeks (32.8 percentage points; 95% CI: 4.0, 61.6) following the outbreak. Our results estimate no differential changes significant at the P value < 0.05 level associated with affective disorder or psychotic disorder presentations in the COVID-19 time series relative to the comparator time series. Conclusions The COVID-19 outbreak in Boston was associated with significant differential increases in ED presentations with suicidal ideation and SUD.
Legibility and the Legacy of Racialized Dispossession in Digital Agriculture

This paper examines the causes and consequences of legibility as an organizing principle in the design of digital agriculture (DA) systems in the United States. Legibility refers to systems of governance that use simplified understandings of a situation to control and direct action upon it. Legibility in digital agriculture systems occurs at the confluence of two traditions of legibility: the data-driven model common in the design of digital systems, and tactics for the control of nature and labor that have developed in the United States since the foundation of the colonies. Our argument draws from (1) a historical analysis of broader patterns of agricultural technology and racialized land dispossession in what is now the United States and (2) empirical fieldwork that examines the adoption and maintenance of digital agriculture systems in rural New York State. We describe the role that legibility historically has played in the development of agricultural systems in the US, and their consequences for who is able to farm and how. This history raises the questions: What is made legible to whom? In that process, what becomes illegible? While legibility promises transparent and environmentally beneficial control, in our fieldwork we find that the demands of legibility are also restructuring the physical landscape, creating additional invisible labor, producing systems that are brittle to real-world conditions on farms, and creating opaque systems that block people from adapting to their circumstances. In reading our fieldwork together with the historical case, we demonstrate the pressures that are shaping the stakes, subject, and objects of legibility in agricultural technology. As more data-driven systems are used for environmental contexts, the CSCW community needs to extend its ways to understand how data-driven systems impact land, labor, and resources.
In Vitro and In Vivo Bilirubin-Sensitized Photoeffects at the Molecular and Cellular Levels

Phototherapy as a treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has now been in use for approximately twenty-five years. Its effectiveness in reducing the serum bilirubin levels in the newborn, especially in premature infants, is well recognized. Acute complications arising from the use of phototherapy have been rare and none are apparently considered to be serious. Further, at present, there does not appear to be much evidence for the development of long term complications in those individuals who have received phototherapy.1’2 However, it should be kept in mind that bilirubin is a photodynamic sensitizer — a phototoxic agent — which, although rather inefficient compared to many sensitizers,3 demonstrably sensitizes photodamage at the molecular and cellular levels, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus patients should be observed carefully during phototherapeutic treatment and should receive only the minimum necessary light dose. In this review I will briefly summarize a few aspects of bilirubin photochemistry pertinent to photosensitized eactions and then examine the known photosensitizing effects of bilirubin in biological systems.
FREE RADICALS AS MEDIATORS OF NEURONAL INJURY

1. Free radicals may play an important role in several pathological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) where they directly injure tissue and where their formation may also be a consequence of tissue injury. 2. Free radicals produce tissue damage through multiple mechanisms, including excito-toxicity, metabolic dysfunction, and disturbance of intracellular homeostasis of calcium. 3. Oxidative stress can significantly worsen acute insults, such as ischemia, as well as chronic neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease. 4. For instance, recent findings suggest a causal role for chronic oxidative stress in familial ALS, as this disease is linked to missence mutations of the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD). 5. Thus, therapeutic approaches which limit oxidative stress may be potentially beneficial in several neurological diseases.
Detection of oxygen-sensing properties of mitochondria.

Publisher Summary The chapter describes two techniques described to detect the role of mitochondria in regulating the hypoxic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 ( HIF-1). In the first method, the generation of ROS and the activation of HIF-1 are examined in cells depleted of mtDNA ( p ° cells). The second method examines the generation of ROS and the activation of HIF-1 in cells treated with mitochondrial inhibitors. Accompanying these methods are protocols for detecting nuclear HIF-1 α protein levels by immunoblotting and detecting intracellular ROS by the oxidation of 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH). In theory, the same principles and methods can be applied in examining a different hypoxic response, such as activation of kinases or other transcription factors. Currently, there are two redox-dependent models to explain oxygen sensing in mammalian cells. Another model assumes that an oxygen sensor located in the cytosol detects decreases in oxygen tension by decreasing the generation of ROS. In an alternative model, it is proposed that mitochondria detect decreases in oxygen concentration and respond by increasing the generation of ROS that are required and sufficient to activate HIF-1. At the cellular level, one of the most crucial responses to hypoxia is the activation of the transcription factor HIF-1. HIF-1 is a heterodimer of two basic helix loop-helix/PAS proteins: HIF-1 α and the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT or HIF-1 β).