cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing Theory of Planned Behavior and Neo-Socioanalytic Theory models of trait activity, industriousness, exercise social cognitions, exercise intentions, and physical activity in a representative U.S. sample

Prior research identified assorted relations between trait and social cognition models of personality and engagement in physical activity. Using a representative U.S. sample (N = 957), the goal of the present study was to test two alternative structural models of the relationships among the extraversion-related facet of activity, the conscientiousness-related facet of industriousness, social cognitions from the Theory of Planned Behavior (perceived behavioral control, affective attitudes, subjective norms, intentions), Social Cognitive Theory (self-efficacy, outcome expectancies), and the Transtheoretical Model (behavioral processes of change), and engagement in physical activity. Path analyses with bootstrapping procedures were used to model direct and indirect effects of trait and social cognition constructs on physical activity through two distinct frameworks – the Theory of Planned Behavior and Neo-Socioanalytic Theory. While both models showed good internal fit, comparative model information criteria showed the Theory-of-Planned-Behavior-informed model provided a better fit. In the model, social cognitions fully mediated the relationships from the activity facet and industriousness to intentions for and engagement in physical activity, such that the relationships were primarily maintained by positive affective evaluations, positive expected outcomes, and confidence in overcoming barriers related to physical activity engagement. The resultant model – termed the Disposition-Belief-Motivation model – is proposed as a useful framework for organizing and integrating personality trait facets and social cognitions from various theoretical perspectives to investigate the expression of health-related behaviors, such as physical activity. Moreover, the results are discussed in terms of extending the application of the Disposition-Belief-Motivation model to longitudinal and intervention designs for physical activity engagement.
Chapter 15 National Policies and Economic Growth: A Reappraisal

Abstract The new growth literature, using both endogenous growth and neoclassical models, has generated strong claims for the effect of national policies on economic growth. Empirical work on policies and growth has tended to confirm these claims. This paper casts doubt on this claim for strong effects of national policies, pointing out that such effects are inconsistent with several stylized facts and seem to depend on extreme observations in growth regressions. More modest effects of policy are consistent with theoretical models that feature substitutability between the formal and informal sector, have a large share for the informal sector, or stress technological change rather than factor accumulation.
Effects of pH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate on ileal electrolyte transport in the rat and rabbit

Alterations in extracellular pH cause reciprocal changes in NaCl absorption in the rat and rabbit ileum. The presence of cholera toxin-induced secretion does not affect pH action measured by in vivo perfusion of the rat ileum. We examined the interaction of pH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-induced secretion in the rabbit ileum. We found that alterations in arterial pH did not affect ileal absorption in the rabbit in the presence of cholera toxin-induced secretion. This was true whether transport was studied during in vivo ileal perfusion of anesthetized rabbits or by measuring Na+ and Cl- fluxes across isolated, short-circuited tissues in the Ussing chamber. The effects of pH also were blocked when normal rabbit ileum was exposed to 1 mmol/L dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate in vitro. By contrast, alterations in bathing solution pH affected ileal absorption in the rat in the presence and absence of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Similarly, exposure to cyclic adenosine monophosphate did not affect the response of the rat colon to PCO2. These findings suggest that the apparently independent effects of pH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the rat ileum are not universal. In tissues such as the rabbit ileum, the mechanisms of pH and cyclic adenosine monophosphate action may have biochemical or physiological pathways in common.
Reconstruction of ancestral protein sequences and its applications

Modern-day proteins were selected during long evolutionary history as descendants of ancient life forms. In silico reconstruction of such ancestral protein sequences facilitates our understanding of evolutionary processes, protein classification and biological function. Additionally, reconstructed ancestral protein sequences could serve to fill in sequence space thus aiding remote homology inference. We developed ANCESCON, a package for distance-based phylogenetic inference and reconstruction of ancestral protein sequences that takes into account the observed variation of evolutionary rates between positions that more precisely describes the evolution of protein families. To improve the accuracy of evolutionary distance estimation and ancestral sequence reconstruction, two approaches are proposed to estimate position-specific evolutionary rates. Comparisons show that at large evolutionary distances our method gives more accurate ancestral sequence reconstruction than PAML, PHYLIP and PAUP*. We apply the reconstructed ancestral sequences to homology inference and functional site prediction. We show that the usage of hypothetical ancestors together with the present day sequences improves profile-based sequence similarity searches; and that ancestral sequence reconstruction methods can be used to predict positions with functional specificity. As a computational tool to reconstruct ancestral protein sequences from a given multiple sequence alignment, ANCESCON shows high accuracy in tests and helps detection of remote homologs and prediction of functional sites. ANCESCON is freely available for non-commercial use. Pre-compiled versions for several platforms can be downloaded from ftp://iole.swmed.edu/pub/ANCESCON/ .
PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Identification of nuclear microsatellite loci for Ipomopsis aggregata and the distribution of pairwise relatedness in a natural population.

Nine microsatellite loci were developed from enriched libraries of scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata). A screen of 160 individuals from a population identified reduced levels of heterozygosity, low levels of relatedness, and weak spatial genetic patterns. The population inbreeding coefficient was calculated to be 0.19 (SE = 0.04). These patterns are consistent with those expected from low levels of biparental inbreeding in an obligate outcrosser and extensive seed and pollen dispersal. These preliminary data confirm the usefulness of microsatellite markers for breeding system studies of I. aggregata.
Scattering theory of multiphoton ionization in strong fields

Formal time-independent scattering theory is applied to multiphoton ionization of atoms in intense electromagnetic fields. The quantized-field version of the Volkov solution makes this approach possible. With the electron-photon interaction in a monochromatic photon field, it is found that, in the nonrelativistic and large-photon-number limits, the final scattering state exists only in the special case in which the ponderomotive potential per unit photon energy is an integer; otherwise the final state vanishes. In the integer case the corresponding wave function reduces to a single Volkov function, multiplied by an overlap factor. A simple interpretation of this result is given, and some other consequences of this work are discussed.
Identification of attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains and characterization of an orogastric infection in BALB/c mice on day 5 postinfection by signature-tagged mutagenesis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis localizes to the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of the gastrointestinal tract after oral infection. Using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we isolated 13 Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants that failed to survive in the cecum of mice after orogastric inoculation. Twelve of these mutants were also attenuated for replication in the spleen after intraperitoneal infection, whereas one strain, mutated the gene encoding invasin, replicated as well as wild-type bacteria in the spleen. Several mutations were in operons encoding components of the type III secretion system, including components involved in translocating Yop proteins into host cells. This indicates that one or more Yops may be necessary for survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Three mutants were defective in O-antigen biosynthesis; these mutants were also unable to invade epithelial cells as efficiently as wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis. Several other mutations were in genes that had not previously been associated with growth in a host, including cls, ksgA, and sufl. In addition, using Y. pseudotuberculosis strains marked with signature tags, we counted the number of different bacterial clones that were present in the cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen 5 days postinfection. We find barriers in the host animal that limit the number of bacteria that succeed in reaching and/or replicating in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen after breaching the gut mucosa.
Citizen Activism and Freeway Revolts in Memphis and Nashville: The Road to Litigation

In the 1950s, the Tennessee State Highway Department planned Interstate-40 segments through Overton Park in Memphis and a central city black community in Nashville. Although slow to develop, freewa...
Time trends and factorial experiments

When factorial experiments are carried out over a period of time, the response may be subject to time trends. This might happen, for example, with the steady buildup of deposits in a test engine. This article shows how to arrange the runs in a factorial experiment in sequences so that the main effects and, sometimes, the two-factor interactions are uncorrelated with linear or quadratic time trends. This is achieved by using the principle of foldover designs. Trendfree sequences are obtained for both 2 n and 3 n factorials.
Aliphatic polyurethane elastomers with high performance properties

A new diisocyanate, 1,4-eyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), has been used in a series of polyether-based polyurethane elastomers. The slightly opaque samples are semicrystalline in nature with high performance properties, including high softening temperature, very good thermal stability, high tensile and tear strengths, excellent solvent resistance, and low hysteresis in compressive fatigue. Polymer properties are in part due to the small, compact, symmetrical structure of the aliphatic CHDI. Comparison of the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyurethanes prepared from the aliphatic diisocyanate 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane dilsocyanate (H12MDI) reveal the H12MDI polymers to be more flexible and transparent elastomers with lower softening temperatures and tensile moduli and higher hysteretic heat build up. They are generally soluble in organic solvents.
Effects of Mechanical Ventilation, Muscle Paralysis, and Posture on Ventilation–Perfusion Relationships in Anesthetized Man

Ventilation-perfusion relationships of the fast ventilated and slowly ventilated compartments of the lung were estimated from analysis of nitrogen clearance curves and rate of increase of arterial oxygen tension during nitrogen clearance. Six subjects were studied first awake, breathing spontaneousl
Acetylcholinesterase in Huntington's and Alzheimer's Diseases: Simultaneous Enzyme Assay and Immunoassay of Multiple Brain Regions

: A newJy developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein was combined with conventional measures of enzyme activity in a study of 15 brain regions from six control cases (non-neurological deaths), six cases of Alzheimer's disease, and six cases of Huntington's disease. In the control brains, the mean AChE activity varied 100-fold from region to region (cortex lowest, striatum highest). The variation in enzyme activity was exactly paralleled by a variation in protein immunoreactivity. Overall, the homospecific activity of AChE averaged 0.26 ± 0.007 mU/pg, close to the value for electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme isolated from red blood cells. Similar homospecific activities were observed in samples from Huntington's and Alzheimer's brains. Evidently, AChE that is immunoreactive but enzymatically inactive does not accumulate in any of the three conditions examined. Huntington's brain samples showed normal total contents of AChE, but Alzheimer's brains showed significant decreases of both enzyme activity and immunore-activity in all seven cortical regions and in two out of the eight subcortical structures examined, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens.
Error-resilient video coding in the ISO MPEG-4 standard

This article describes error resilience aspects of the video coding techniques that are standardized in the ISO MPEC-4 standard. It begins with a description of the general problems in robust wireless video transmission. The specific tools adopted into the ISO MPEG-4 standard to enable the communication of compressed video data over noisy wireless channels are presented in detail. These techniques include resynchronization strategies, data partitioning, reversible variable length codes (VLCs), and header extension codes. An overview of the evolving ISO MPEG-4 standard and its current status are described.
Biologically inspired confinement of multi-robot systems

Confinement of a group of mobile robots is of significant interest to the multi-agent robotics community. We develop confinement strategies through simple biological models; in particular, we draw inspiration from the foraging techniques used by bottlenose dolphins to catch fish. For a multi-agent system, we achieve the following goals: 1) provide an algorithm for one group of agents to perpetually confine the other group; 2) characterise the regions from which the herded agents are guaranteed to be captured. The simplicity of the model allows easy implementation in engineered devices (e.g., exploiting the collision avoidance modules already embedded in unmanned air and ground vehicles) and the richness of the model allows replication of a complex biological phenomenon, such as capturing of prey.
Field and Current Driven Magnetic Domain Wall Motion in Disordered A1-FePt Nanowires

Arc-shaped magnetic FePt nanowires (10nm thick, 375nm wide) displaying in-plane anisotropy were fabricated. A vortex domain wall was formed in the middle of the arc after in-plane saturation in a field perpendicular to the wire. Translational domain wall propagation was observed at a field of 40 Oe applied parallel to the wire, while complete propagation to the end of the arc occurred at 100 Oe. Domain wall displacement at low velocity was achieved by current pulses of 2.5 1011 A m2 at zero applied magnetic field, comparable to the zero-field threshold current density of Permalloy. A field-assisted spin transfer torque drove the domain wall 1.8m to the end of the arc.
Activities of adenovirus virus-associated RNAs: purification and characterization of RNA binding proteins

Most human adenoviruses encode two virus-associated (VA) RNAs, VA RNAI and VA RNAII, that accumulate to high levels in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The function of VA RNAI in blocking the activation of the cellular kinase PKR is well known, but the role of VA RNAII is obscure. Herein we characterize and purify several human proteins that interact preferentially with VA RNAII in Northwestern blot assays. Two of these proteins were identified as RNA helicase A and NF90, a component of the heterodimeric nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). They copurified with the smaller NFAT subunit, NF45, which did not bind VA RNAII, and with an unidentified protein, p97, which did bind VA RNAII. Both RNA helicase A and NF90 contain two copies of a double-stranded (ds) RNA binding motif and bind strongly to dsRNA. NF90 interacts with RNAs in the following order of affinity: dsRNA > VA RNAII > VA RNAI > single-stranded RNA. Furthermore, VA RNAII is more effective than VA RNAI as an inhibitor of RNA helicase activity. These data identify RNA helicase A and NF90 as cellular proteins with an affinity for dsRNA and other structured RNA molecules and suggest that their functions are subject to regulation by RNA ligands including VA RNAII.
IRAS observations of nearby main sequence stars and modeling of excess infrared emission

Abstract IRAS observations of the 50 stellar systems within 5.2 pc reveal 6 systems with significant flux in excess of that expected from photospheric emission at wavelengths of 25 to 100 μm. No star in this sample has a significant excess at 12 μm. Ground-based measurements of the near-infrared flux were used to determine the brightness of the stellar photospheres for extrapolation to the far infrared. Examples of far-infrared excess in the 5-pc sample, in addition to the previously known case of e Eri (Gliese 144), are: τ Ceti (Gliese 71), which has an excess at 60 μm but was not detected at 100 μm; Ross 128 (Gliese 447), with excess at 60 and 100 μm; 61 Cygni (Gliese 820) with excess at 60 and 100 μm; and α CMa (Gliese 244) and BD+43° 4305 (Gliese 873), with excess at 100 μm only. There is cold extended emission from “infrared cirrus” near the line of sight to the latter three stars that may contribute to the apparent excesses. Bright far-infrared excesses associated with the main sequence stars α Lyr, α PsA, β Pic, and e Eri have been interpreted as emission from shells of orbiting particles, possibly connected to the process of planet formation. The excesses determined here are all much fainter than those four. Precise measurement of the source profile shapes and peak positions of the fainter excesses was not possible. For that reason and because of the possibility that background ISM emission is involved, they are considered candidates rather than definite discoveries of new circumstellar particle clouds. The excesses associated with Ross 128 and 61 Cygni are discussed in terms of the characteristic radii and effective radiating areas of clouds of particles that could produce the observed emission.
Ground Reaction Force Symmetry during Walking and Running

(1984). Ground Reaction Force Symmetry during Walking and Running. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 289-293.
Hedonic and social values supporting utilitarian technologies

This article argues that products with multifunctionality/integrations have excited much more interest in this market, justifying as utilitarian even when these integrations are hedonic. The article analyses consumers’ preference for high technology products focusing on attributes integrated, hedonic and utilitarian behaviour, and decision interference based on different scenarios to better understand which factors and conditions currently interfere in consumers’ behaviour. It is concluded that consumers prefer new mobile devices with multiple integrated features because customers’ decisions are based on the integration of different services updated in the new devices, as well as the different scenarios imposed by the competitive technology market.
Language Model-Based Document Clustering Using Random Walks

We propose a new document vector representation specifically designed for the document clustering task. Instead of the traditional term-based vectors, a document is represented as an n-dimensional vector, where n is the number of documents in the cluster. The value at each dimension of the vector is closely related to the generation probability based on the language model of the corresponding document. Inspired by the recent graph-based NLP methods, we reinforce the generation probabilities by iterating random walks on the underlying graph representation. Experiments with k-means and hierarchical clustering algorithms show significant improvements over the alternative tf·idf vector representation.
The Embodiment of Paradox: Yoruba Kingship and Female Power

When E. E. Evans-Pritchard published Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande in 1937, the anthropology of "primitive" thought learned that African notions of mystical agencies were complex, coherent, and logically consistent. In his detailed descriptions of poison ordeals, divination techniques, and native explanations of misfortune, the founder of Oxford anthropology related the conceptual premises of Zande witchcraft beliefs to the social situations in which they made sense. Such an approach seems quite conventional today, but placed against the conventional wisdom of his contemporaries, and of the Colonial Service that financed his research, Evans-Pritchard's impact was near revolutionary. Ideas that Africans possessed "prelogical mentalities," that they thought with their emotions instead of their minds, were conclusively refuted by diligent ethnography. The conceptual principles of Zande witchcraft beliefs revealed an indigenous logic of social accountability (Douglas 1980:48-50). The "dark continent" was suddenly illuminated by the light of indigenous reason. Evans-Pritchard's now classic text inspired many studies of African modes of thought. By 1954, during the twilight of British colonialism, Daryll Forde could officially proclaim that "Africans, in the same way as Europeans, have appreciated and successfully based their routines of living on principles of causation linking events, on the implications of ideas, and on an understanding of mechanical and organic process" (1954:xi), and that "Gods, spirits, and magical forces beyond the community, together with witches and sorcerers within it, are postulated in explanation of the workings of the universe . . ." (1954:x). In their efforts to understand African worlds, British anthropologists applied the same standards to cosmology that their functionalism applied to social structure and action. If African societies possessed systematic coherence, maintaining equilibrium through reciprocal obligations and structures of authority, so did their systems of knowledge and belief. A new translation instrument emerged in the analysis of mystical agencies-the idea of social value (Forde 1954:xiii; RadcliffeBrown 1952:199-200). African ideas, based on whatever bizarre assumptions, might make sense to Africans, but their "real" meaning and necessity, ascertained by the social anthropologist, was their capacity to organize cohesive social groups. African thought was rational and coherent just in case it supported the social order.'
Malignancy-associated multicentric reticulohistiocytosis

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MR) is a rare systemic disorder of unknown etiology. Up to 25% of patients with MR have associated malignancies. We are reporting a case of a patient with MR who initially had an excellent clinical response to oral methotrexate and prednisone. Subsequent attempts of prednisone taper failed because of disease flare-up. Workup for associated malignancy revealed localized squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The tumor was resected; methotrexate and prednisone were tapered and discontinued with complete remission of MR. A review of literature and the new advances and treatment modalities for MR is provided.
Hydrolytic Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Lanthanide Hydroxide Clusters Supported by Nicotinic Acid

Polynuclear lanthanide hydroxide complexes featuring the cubane-like [Ln4(μ3-OH)4]8+ [Ln = Eu(III), Gd(III)] cluster core have been synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of the lanthanide ions using nicotinic acid as the ancillary ligand. The synthetic procedure has been found to significantly influence the nature of the resulting cluster species. In a one-pot synthesis, adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture containing Ln(ClO4)3 and nicotinic acid afforded tetranuclear complexes of the general formula [Ln4(μ3-OH)4(Hnic)5(H2O)12](ClO4)8 with the [Ln4(μ3-OH)4]8+ (Ln = Eu, Gd) cluster core encapsulated by zwitterionic nicotinate ligands. In stark contrast, mixing aqueous solutions of Ln(ClO4)3 and nicotinic acid whose pH had been preadjusted produced assemblies composed of two of the cubane-like cluster cores that are related by a crystallographic inversion center and are doubly bridged by nicotinate ligands using both the carboxylate group and pyridyl N atom for coordination. The influences of pH conditio...
ESR experiments on atomic hydrogen

Abstract ESR experiments at 9 GHz have been performed on atomic hydrogen gas in a cavity coated at 0.6∘K with a helium film and at 4.2∘K with solid molecular H 2 . At 0.6∘K three-body recombination is observed from the decay of the gas density. At 4.2∘K, in addition to the narrow line spectrum of H atoms in the gas a broad line spectrum is observed, which is ascribed to atoms trapped at fixed sites on the surface of solid H 2 .
Cost of Being a Mexican Immigrant and Being a Mexican Non-Citizen in California and Texas

This study examines the labor market costs associated with being foreign-born and not having U.S. citizenship among Mexicans in California and Texas, the two largest states. Data from the 2000 5% Public Use Microdata Sample are used to conduct the multivariate regression analysis. The results show that being an immigrant, particularly a non-citizen immigrant, is associated with lower hourly wages in California as compared with Texas. The results also indicate that these costs are greater for those who arrived after 1990, especially in California. Findings suggest that Mexican immigrants faced harsher social context in California in the post-IRCA (Immigration Reform and Control Act) period, as represented in anti-immigrant policies and sentiments. Partly, larger population concentration of immigrants, especially non-citizens, could be a source of intensive within-group labor market competition among the foreign-born workers.
The receptive surface and axonal terminals in severely denervated neurons within the lumbosacral cord of the dog.

Abstract The synaptology of “spastic” spinal neurons, severely denervated by extensive loss of interneurons during temporary lumbosacral ischemia (which induced permanent extensor rigidity in hind limbs) was compared electron microscopically to that of neurons from same segment of the normal dog. The outstanding alteration in the surviving neurons of the operated animals consisted of a reduction in the number of receptor sites (postsynaptic thickenings) to about 25% of normal, paralleling the reduced density of axonal terminals. Postsynaptic thickenings were never observed in the absence of apposing terminals. This morphological alteration is considered a direct consequence of denervation, and it is proposed that the integrity of these postsynaptic structural specializations is dependent upon neurotrophic factors provided transneuronally by apposing synaptic terminals. Almost all of the larger terminals, found only on ventral horn neurons in normal tissue, are missing in the surviving neurons, due to mortality of intrinsic neurons whose axons project to ventral horn neurons. The mean size, size range, and size-frequency distribution of all terminals in the dorsal horn sample of the operated animals, and the density of clear vesicles within the knobs, were practically identical with those in the dorsal hron of the normal dog. The linear relationship found in the normal dog between measured synaptic contact length and diameter of synaptic knob, calculated from measured cross-sectional areas of terminals considered as spheres, was retained in the samples from operated dogs. It is suggested that the difference between the effects of denervation upon cell bodies and their dendrites on the one hand, and on the axonal extensions on the other, is related to the absence of synaptic contacts on the axonal projections and thus the axons are not directly dependent upon neurotrophic factors.
Studies of weak interaction effects by laser spectroscopy of short-lived atoms

Laser-induced nuclear orientation has been used to make sub-Doppler-resolution measurements of a nuclear isomer85mRb that has a lifetime of only a microsecond. The technique succeeds because the sampled atoms remove themselves before equilibrating. This paper describes two cases in which pre-equilibrium removal of atoms can prevent thermal equilibrium from obscuring information about the weak interaction that is present in the velocity profile of atoms as they recoil following beta decay. It should be possible to measure electron-antineutrino angular correlations in the beta decay of85Kr, and to look for beta decay of tritium into an atomic bound state of3He-a fundamental effect predicted by weak interaction theory but never observed.
Effects of cerebellar vermal lesions on species-specific fear responses, neophobia, and taste-aversion learning in rats

The cerebellar vermis has extensive anatomical connections with many brain stem and forebrain structures which have been implicated in emotional or affective behavior. Previous reports indicate that lesions of the vermis in a variety of experimental animals result in altered emotional behavior. The studies reported here attempted to clarify the nature of the change in emotional behavior following vermal lesions in rats by testing the animals in a variety of fear-eliciting situations. As compared with controls, vermal-lesioned rats froze less in the presence of a cat and showed fewer signs of fear in an open field. However, their responses to footshock did not differ fundamentally from controls. They recovered more quickly than controls from the neophobic response to a novel taste but showed robust taste-aversion learning. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the cerebellum in the modulation of fear-related behaviors and in terms of similarities and differences with the effects of amygdala lesions. The results expand the body of data implicating the cerebellum in the modulation of complex motivational behavior.
Self-Compassion and Body Dissatisfaction in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Meditation Intervention

Body dissatisfaction is a major source of suffering among women of all ages. One potential factor that could mitigate body dissatisfaction is self-compassion, a construct that is garnering increasing research attention due to its strong association with psychological health. This study investigated whether a brief 3-week period of self-compassion meditation training would improve body satisfaction in a multigenerational group of women. Participants were randomized either to the meditation intervention group (N = 98; M age = 38.42) or to a waitlist control group (N = 130; M age = 36.42). Results suggested that compared to the control group, intervention participants experienced significantly greater reductions in body dissatisfaction, body shame, and contingent self-worth based on appearance, as well as greater gains in self-compassion and body appreciation. All improvements were maintained when assessed 3 months later. Self-compassion meditation may be a useful and cost-effective means of improving body image in adult women.
Relations between social competence and academic achievement in early adolescence

Relations between academic performance and 3 aspects of social competence--socially responsible behavior, sociometric status, and self-regulatory processes (goal setting, interpersonal trust, and problem-solving styles)--were studied. Based on a sample of 423 12- and 13-year-old students, correlational findings indicate that each aspect of social competence is related significantly to students' grades. Results from multiple regression analyses suggest that when accounting for students' IQ, sex, ethnicity, school absence, and family structure, socially responsible behavior mediates almost entirely the relations between students' grades and the other 2 aspects of social competence. Socially responsible behavior and peer status appear to be related by way of their joint association with goals to be socially responsible, interpersonal trust, and problem-solving styles. Similarly, relations between socially responsible behavior and the background variables are explained by joint relations with the self-regulatory processes. The social nature of learning and the role of self-regulation in both interpersonal and behavioral aspects of social competence are discussed.
Non-lithographic patterning and metal-assisted chemical etching for manufacturing of tunable light-emitting silicon nanowire arrays

We report a top-down fabrication method that involves the combination of superionic-solid-state-stamping (S4) patterning with metal-assisted-chemical-etching (MacEtch), to produce silicon nanowire arrays with defined geometry and optical properties in a manufacturable fashion.
Chessboard of atrial fibrillation: reentry or focus? Single or multiple source(s)? Neurogenic or myogenic?

The refractory period may be shortened to one-fifth or one-sixth the normal, although vagus action is a necessary accompaniment of such high-grade shortening. This change makes rapid reexcitation possible and the formation of circuits having diameters of but a few millimetres. Since the refractory
Strain Specific Phage Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Infection Is Influenced by Host Immunity and Site of Infection

The response to multi-drug resistant bacterial infections must be a global priority. While mounting resistance threatens to create what the World Health Organization has termed a “post-antibiotic era”, the recent discovery that antibiotic use may adversely impact the microbiome adds further urgency to the need for new developmental approaches for anti-pathogen treatments. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in particular, has declared itself a serious threat within the United States and abroad. A potential solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance may not entail looking to the future for completely novel treatments, but instead looking into our history of bacteriophage therapy. This study aimed to test the efficacy, safety, and commercial viability of the use of phages to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections using the commercially available phage SATA-8505. We found that SATA-8505 effectively controls S. aureus growth and reduces bacterial viability both in vitro and in a skin infection mouse model. However, this killing effect was not observed when phage was cultured in the presence of human whole blood. SATA-8505 did not induce inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cultures. However, phage did induce IFN gamma production in primary human keratinocyte cultures and induced inflammatory responses in our mouse models, particularly in a mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease. Our findings support the potential efficacy of phage therapy, although regulatory and market factors may limit its wider investigation and use.
The engineer and the union

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, as carried on by labor unions with employers, has two principal aspects. In the first place, it is a method of price-making — making the price of labor. In the second place, it is a method of introducing civil rights into industry, that is, of requiring that management be conducted by rule rather than by arbitrary decision. In this latter aspect, collective bargaining becomes a method of building up a system of “industrial jurisprudence.”
A unified integration model for “prior expectancy and behavioral extremity as determinants of attitude attribution”

Abstract A reinterpretation is offered for Jones, Worchel, Goethals and Grumet's recent study of attribution theory. The several unrelated processes which were suggested in the original paper are replaced by a single information integration model: the attributed attitude is seen as a weighted average of three pieces of information. Using parameter values which are meaningful within the context of attribution theory, the model provides intuitive explanations for the interesting qualitative aspects of the study. In addition, it gives a good quantitative fit to the data.
Selective growth of InP on patterned, nonplanar InP substrates by low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

The effects of indium sources, mask materials and etched mesa profiles on growth mor-phology of Fe-doped semi-insulating InP on patterned, nonplanar InP substrates were studied for low-pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). The presence or absence of polycrystalline InP layers deposited on the mask was found to depend on the indium source but not on the mask material. Trimethylindium was found to be the preferable indium source for prevention of polycrystalline InP deposits on the mask. The etched mesa shape was found to dominate the final geometry of the OMVPE re-grown InP layer. Inclusion of an interfacial layer of 1.16 µm bandgap wavelength InGaAsP between the dielectric mask and InP substrate produces a favorable mesa shape by con-trolling the level of undercut during mesa etching, so as to form a smooth mesa profile. After selective regrowth of InP over the resulting mesa, a planar surface is typically achieved for mesa stripes with a mask overhang length as long as 2.6 µm and a mesa height as high as 4 µm.
A critical review of theoretical frameworks for health service use among older immigrants in the United States

Research on older immigrants’ health service use in the United States is important for making intelligent plans for and delivering services to this population. However, despite the growing importance of the topic, there has been little discussion in the literature regarding the comparative merits of different theoretical approaches in explaining health service use behavior among older immigrants in the host country. In this article, cognitive models, dynamic approaches and the health behavioral model are discussed in relation to their applications to the older immigrant population. Considering systemic barriers to health service use among older immigrants in the United States, which are beyond an individual level, this article proposes a modified Andersen model to explain health behaviors among older immigrants, based on its comprehensiveness. The model's flexibility also allows the incorporation of key concepts from cognitive models and the Network Episode Model that are relevant to the target population.
Enzymatic Scouring to Improve Cotton Fabric Wettability

The ability of pectinase, cellulase, protease, and lipase enzymes to improve the surface wetting properties of raw and pre-treated cotton fabrics is studied. When applied alone to raw cotton fabrics, pectinase, lipase, and protease treatments provide very little improvement in water wetting and retention properties. A combination of pectinase and cellulase significantly improves water wetting and retention properties similar to those of commercially scoured cotton fabrics. A water pretreatment at 100°C enhances the effectiveness of subsequent pectinase and cellulase reactions. Pectinase following the 100°C water pretreatment produces improved wettability with the least weight loss and dimensional change. Cellulase treatments on scoured fabrics further enhance water wettability and whiteness, but with significant reductions in fabric weight, thickness, and strength.
Effects of BW755C, a mixed cyclo-oxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor, following traumatic spinal cord injury in rats.

Abstract BW755C is an inhibitor of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, which has been found to have protective effects after myocardial ischemia in dogs. Impact injury to the spinal cord is associated with tissue ischemia as well as with the accumulation of eicosanoids. In the present studies we evaluated the effects of BW755C after traumatic spinalcord injury in rats. Drug treatment reduced thromboxane B2 levels and improved neurological recovery as compared to treatment with equal-volume physiological saline. The findings suggest that this drug or related compounds may be useful for the treatment of clinical spinal cord injury.
On a random solution of a nonlinear perturbed stochastic integral equation of the Volterra type

The object of this present paper is to study a nonlinear perturbed stochastic integral equation of the formwhere ω ∈ Ω, the supporting set of the complete probability measure space (Ω A, μ). We are concerned with the existence and uniqueness of a random solution to the above equation. A random solution, x(t; ω), of the above equation is defined to be a vector random variable which satisfies the equation μ almost everywhere.
Type 1 Diabetes: Current Concepts in Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Care, and Research

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by a combination of genetic and environmental triggers resulting in lymphocytic infiltration of pancreatic islets, destruction of beta cells, and lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin. Although T1D is prevalent (1 in 300) and its incidence is steadily increasing worldwide (3% per year), the exact gene-environment interactions precipitating the disease remain unknown. Living with T1D is challenging for patients, families, and caregivers. Because of the relative paucity of pediatric endocrinologists, general pediatricians and other subspecialists may occasionally be faced with the task of managing diabetes-related complaints. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the natural history, pathophysiology, and contemporary management of T1D. In addition, recent advances in T1D research are discussed.
The complexes of phenyl acetylene with HF, H2O, and NH3: An ab initio study

Phenyl acetylene complexes with HF, H2O, and NH3 are investigated with ab initio molecular orbital calculations using the 6-31G Gaussian basis set. HF is found to form a π complex, whereas H2O and NH3 form σ complexes. Observations of experimental spectroscopic shifts are rationalized.
A comparison of inflation forecasts

Interest rate models provide slightly better monthly forecasts and substantially better eight- and fourteen-month forecasts of inflation than a univariate time series model. The Livingston surveys underestimate eight- and fourteen-month inflation rates, especially during the high inflation period of 1978–81. In contrast, eight- and fourteen-month inflation forecasts extrapolated from one-month interest rates show little bias and track ex post eight- and fourteen-month inflation rates better than the survey forecasts.
Anoxia during kainate status epilepticus shortens behavioral convulsions but generates hippocampal neuron loss and supragranular mossy fiber sprouting.

Abstract In rats, this study determined the impact of systemic hypoxia during late kainate-induced status epilepticus on hippocampal neuron loss and mossy fiber sprouting. Non-fasted Sprague–Dawley rats were prepared as follows: Naive controls ( n =5); rats placed 2 min in a hypoxia chamber (hypoxia only; n =6); rats that seized for more than 6 h from kainic acid (KA-status; 12 mg/kg; i.p.; n =7); and another KA-status group placed into the hypoxia chamber 75 min after the convulsions started (KA-status/hypoxia; n =16). All rats, except for half of the KA-status/hypoxia animals, were perfused 2 weeks later (short-term). The other 8 KA-status/hypoxia rats were perfused after 2 months (long-term). Hippocampal sections were studied for neuron densities and aberrant mossy fiber sprouting at three ventral to dorsal levels. Fascia dentata (FD) mossy fiber sprouting was quantified as an increase in the inner minus outer molecular layer (IML-OML) gray value (GV) difference. Behaviorally, KA-status/hypoxia rats had a shorter duration of convulsive status epilepticus than KA-status animals without anoxia. Hippocampal sections showed that compared to controls: (1) hypoxia-only rats showed no differences in ventral neuron densities and neo-Timm's stained IML-OML GVs; (2) KA-status rats had decreased CA3 densities and a non-significant increase in ventral IML-OML GV differences; and (3) KA-status/hypoxia short-term animals showed decreased hilar, CA3 and CA1 densities and increased ventral IML-OML GV differences. Compared to KA-status/hypoxia short-term rats, long-term animals showed no differences in ventral hippocampal neuron densities, but middle and dorsal sections demonstrated increased IML-OML GV differences and animals were observed to have spontaneous limbic epilepsy. These results indicate that rats exposed to kainate-induced status epilepticus for over 1 h and then a hypoxic insult had a shorter duration of convulsive status, decreased hippocampal neuron densities and greater FD mossy fiber sprouting than controls and the amount of neuronal damage and sprouting was slightly more than animals subjected to 6 h of kainate-induced status. This supports the hypothesis that a physiologic insult during status can shorten the convulsive episode, but still produce hippocampal pathology with a number of clinical and pathologic similarities to human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
A history & future of implantable antennas

Implantable antennas have been used for communication with medical implants for decades. This paper traces their roots from early transcutaneous inductively coupled devices to the microstrip and wire antennas in use today. A suggestion for where this technology may go in the future as medical devices shrink is also given.
Children's Analysis of Derivational Suffix Meanings

This note examined the relation between school-age children's production and comprehension of derivational suffixes in nonsense words and their knowledge of suffix meaning in real derivatives. Results indicated that knowledge of derivational suffixes was used often in defining low-frequency derivatives and that it was significantly correlated with suffix production in the nonsense task. In addition, suffix productivity was found to be an important factor determining the comprehension as well as the production of particular suffixes to convey a range of meanings.
Post Caloric Nystagmus: An Analysis of Culmination Frequency and Maximum Slow Phase Velocity

Neurons of the vestibular nuclei receive substantial afferent inputs from various parts of the cerebellum and brainstem. The efferent output of the vestibular nuclei thus reflects the interaction of these connections. This study investigates the influence of lesions of the posterior neuro-axis (PNA) on thermally induced nystagmus in 70 such patients. The caloric responses of all these patients were analyzed automatically with respect to culmination frequency (CF), but an automated analysis of SPVMax was possible in only 36 of these patients. Analysis of both sets of data showed that the coefficient of variation of SPVMax was significantly greater than that of CF. Vestibular decruitment, which correlates well with PNA lesions. was noted in 83% of cases when CF was used. In contrast, when SPVMax was used, vestibular decruitment was noted in only 53% of patients. Considering the low coefficient of variation of CF and considering that vestibular decruitment is noted with greater reliability when this variable...
Bioactive compounds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Cv. Rio Red) respond differently to postharvest irradiation, storage, and freeze drying

In the present study, the effect of irradiation, storage, and freeze drying on grapefruit bioactive compounds was investigated. Grapefruits were exposed to one of two irradiation doses: 0 (control) or 300 Gy (137Cs, a proposed treatment against fruit flies) and then stored for up to 6 days. At the last storage time point (6 days after harvest), grapefruit pulp from control and irradiated fruits was freeze-dried. Bioactive compounds were extracted from Rio Red grapefruit pulp and analyzed with reverse phase liquid chromatography while volatile compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography. Freeze-dried pulp from irradiated fruits had a higher (P < or = 0.05) flavonoid content (naringin and narirutin) as compared to the freeze-dried pulp from the control fruits. Freeze-drying treatment reduced (P < or = 0.05) the lycopene content, but the reduction (P < or = 0.05) in beta-carotene content occurred only in the control fruit. Reduction in d-limonene and myrcene was observed in the irradiated fruits at 6 days after harvest and in the freeze-dried samples. These results warrant testing of the effect of postharvest treatments and processing on bioactive compounds in functional systems as they have varied effects on different bioactive compounds of grapefruit.