cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secure Transmission With Multiple Antennas—Part II: The MIMOME Wiretap Channel

The capacity of the Gaussian wiretap channel model is analyzed when there are multiple antennas at the sender, intended receiver and eavesdropper. The associated channel matrices are fixed and known to all the terminals. A computable characterization of the secrecy capacity is established as the saddle point solution to a minimax problem. The converse is based on a Sato-type argument used in other broadcast settings, and the coding theorem is based on Gaussian wiretap codebooks. At high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the secrecy capacity is shown to be attained by simultaneously diagonalizing the channel matrices via the generalized singular value decomposition, and independently coding across the resulting parallel channels. The associated capacity is expressed in terms of the corresponding generalized singular values. It is shown that a semi-blind "masked" multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transmission strategy that sends information along directions in which there is gain to the intended receiver, and synthetic noise along directions in which there is not, can be arbitrarily far from capacity in this regime. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the secrecy capacity to be zero are provided, which simplify in the limit of many antennas when the entries of the channel matrices are independent and identically distributed. The resulting scaling laws establish that to prevent secure communication, the eavesdropper needs three times as many antennas as the sender and intended receiver have jointly, and that the optimum division of antennas between sender and intended receiver is in the ratio of 2:1.
Retrieving information from the book of humanity: the personalized medicine data tsunami crashes on the beach of jeopardy

From a mute but eloquent alphabet of 4 characters emerges a complex biological 'literature' whose highest expression is human existence. The rapidly advancing technologies of 'nextgen sequencing' will soon make it possible to inexpensively acquire and store the characters of our complete personal genetic instruction set and make it available for health assessment and disease management. This uniquely personal form of 'big data' brings with it challenges that will be discussed in this keynote presentation. Topics will include a brief introduction to the linguistic challenges of 'biology as literature', the impact of personal molecular variation on traditional approaches to disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and the challenges of information retrieval when a large volume of primary observations is made that is associated with an evanescent and rapidly changing corpus of scientific interpretation of those primary observations. Experience with extracting high quality pheonotypes from electronic medical records has shown that Natural Language Processing capability is an essential information extraction function for correlation of clinical events with personal genetic variation. Any powerful set of information can be used or misused, and put those who depend upon it in jeopardy. These issues, and a lesson from the long running Jeopardy TV series, will be discussed.
The Case for Incomprehension

I argue that Glissant conceived of opacity first and foremost in his poetry and in his readings of earlier writers, from Mallarme to Saint-John Perse to William Faulkner, whose moments of complication or incomprehensibility he found productive. By examining the literary valence of this concept of Caribbean philosophy, I claim that opacity not only protects the subject from the invasive grasp of (neo)colonial thought but also, more affirmatively, invites the reader to join the poet on equal footing in the process of sense-making. It is this kind of collective poetics, a collectivity created in opacity, that Glissant imagines in his broader world vision of Relation and the Tout-Monde.
Abstract PL07-02: Whole genome approaches to identify pharmacogenomic markers of anticancer agents

Preclinical and clinical genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in oncology provide an unprecedented opportunity for a comprehensive and unbiased assessment of the heritable factors associated with drug response. For chemotherapeutic drugs, there are many challenges with performing a clinical GWAS, including staggering costs because a homogenous population of patients treated with the same dosage regimen and minimal confounding variables is required. To get around these issues, we have developed preclinical cell-based models as a pharmacogenomic discovery tool but also a means to replicate or validate findings from clinical GWAS. Our model utilizes HapMap lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from individuals within different world populations (Caucasian, African, Asian, African American) that are evaluated for drug sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents (platinating agents, antimetabolites, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel). Evaluation of inter-ethnic differences revealed that LCLs from Africans tend to be more sensitive to antimetabolites and less sensitive to platinating agents than Caucasian derived LCLs. These LCLs are rich in genetic data as many are part of the International HapMap and the more recent 1000 Genome project. We utilized this data to identify disproportionately more expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs, indicating that a SNP genotype is associated with the transcript abundance level of a gene) associated with pharmacologic traits than expected by chance based on minor allele frequency. We are attempting to unravel the functional consequence of top pharmacologic GWAS SNPs with local and distant regulatory roles in cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. For example, we discovered a SNP (master regulator) that is local to PRPF39 and distant to more than 100 genes that is associated with cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in LCLs derived from African populations. Our cell-based model provides potential targets for therapeutic intervention and provides us with a greater understanding of the genetic contribution to interethnic variation in chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):PL07-02.
Hypoxia-inducible factor and nuclear factor kappa-B activation in blood-brain barrier endothelium under hypoxic/reoxygenation stress.

This investigation focuses on transcription factor involvement in blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell-induced alterations under conditions of hypoxia and post-hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), using established in vivo/ex vivo and in vitro BBB models. Protein/DNA array analyses revealed a correlation in key transcription factor activation during hypoxia and H/R, including NFjB and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed NFjB and HIF1 binding activity ex vivo and in vitro, under conditions of hypoxia and H/R. Hypoxia- and H/R-treated BBB endothelium showed increased HIF1a protein expression in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, in ex vivo and in vitro models. Co-immunoprecipitation of HIF1a and HIF1b was shown in the nuclear fraction under conditions of hypoxia and H/R in both models. Hypoxia- and H/R-treated BBB endothelium showed increased expression of NFjB-p65 protein in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. Co-immunoprecipitation of NFjB-p65 with NFjB-p50 was shown in the nuclear fraction under conditions of hypoxia and H/R in the ex vivo model, and after H/R in the in vitro model. These data offer novel avenues in which to alter and/or investigate BBB activity across model systems
Design and experimental characterization of photonic crystal cavities with embedded colloidal quantum dots

We designed photonic crystal cavities for coupling to colloidal quantum dots suspended in a polymer film. We experimentally observe the coupling of quantum dot emission to cavity modes at room temperature.
Inferior vena cava filters: truth or dare?

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common, with an incidence of >400 out of 100 000 people in the United States.1 VTE recurrence is also frequent, occurring in 40% of patients,2 with mortality as high as 30%.3 Also, if left untreated, pulmonary embolism (PE) will occur in as many as 40% of all proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT).4 Although first-line treatment for VTE is anticoagulation, some patients cannot receive this therapy, and others will experience treatment failure. Consequently, inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) use has been steadily rising in the United States and Europe for the past 2 decades.5,6 Article see p 560 Most IVCFs in modern use allow for retrieval once the indication for use has passed. Practically, a variety of devices and techniques with escalating aggressiveness can be used to remove filters, and the Food and Drug Administration recommends that efforts should be made to retrieve these devices as early as possible. When filters are centered in the inferior vena cava and not firmly attached to the caval walls, dedicated filter grasping devices are often all that is required. A problem arises when filter components are embedded into the caval wall. In these cases, more aggressive retrieval techniques need to be used. Existing techniques may include use of endobronchial forceps and, in extreme cases, open surgical removal. Another solution that may be appropriate in cases of caval thrombosis or occlusion is to perform venoplasty and stenting.7 In these cases, the IVCF may be retrieved or restrained between a stent and the caval wall.8 In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Kuo et al9 tackle this problem by using a novel technique. They present their prospective experience in 100 consecutive patients in whom laser-assisted removal of embedded IVCF was implemented. Filters …
Cutaneous mycoses in children.

Summary This article describes common cutaneous mycoses in children: mucocutaneous candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis and tinea capitis. Topical therapy is effective in tinea corporis and pedis, pityriasis versicolor and cutaneous candidiasis. It is ineffective in tinea capitis, in immunocompromised children and onychomycosis. Griseofulvin has been the main treatment until now in children, but it is only fungistatic, may cause interactions and has to be given for long periods. Ketoconazole has not been widely accepted for use in children because of hepatotoxicity and it is not as effective as griseofulvin. There are few data on paediatric use of fluconazole, although it is available in liquid form, has an excellent safety profile and may become important for treating paediatric mycoses. Similarly, there are only limited data on itraconazole in this area, with most experience in tinea capitis. There is only a 100–mg capsule available, which is not easy to administer in paediatric dosages. All azoles have the potential for drug interaction. Most experience in the treatment of children with the allylamine, terbinafine, has been in tinea capitis. A treatment time of 4 weeks with terbinafine and 8 weeks with griseofulvin has produced similar results at 12 weeks. There are also limited data on the use of terbinafine in paediatric onychomycosis. Terbinafine has the best safety profile, least risk of drug interactions and may be the most suitable alternative to griseofulvin in children. The lack of a liquid formulation may preclude its use. Itraconazole and fluconazole are also potential replacement drugs for griseofulvin.
RECENT EVIDENCE ON THE ACCURACY AND RATIONALITY OF POPULAR INFLATION FORECASTS

This paper compares the accuracy and examines the rationality of inflation forecasts extracted from U.S. Treasury bill yields, the mean forecast of surveys conducted by the Institute for Social Research, and the predictions from a rolling time-series model. Measures of realized inflation include both the Consumer Price Index reported during the period and a revised CPI series (CPIX) that replaces the mortgage interest rate with the recently adopted “rental equivalence” component. Inferences about accuracy and rationality depend upon both the measure of inflation and the period studied. The findings suggest that survey forecasts should be used when turbulent variation in the unobservable expected real rate of interest obscures the measurement of the market's expectation of inflation.
A distributed ensemble approach for mining healthcare data under privacy constraints

In recent years, electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely adapted at many healthcare facilities in an attempt to improve the quality of patient care and increase the productivity and efficiency of healthcare delivery. These EHRs can accurately diagnose diseases if utilized appropriately. While the EHRs can potentially resolve many of the existing problems associated with disease diagnosis, one of the main obstacles in effectively using them is the patient privacy and sensitivity of the medical information available in the EHR. Due to these concerns, even if the EHRs are available for storage and retrieval purposes, sharing of the patient records between different healthcare facilities has become a major concern and has hampered some of the effective advantages of using EHRs. Due to this lack of data sharing, most of the facilities aim at building clinical decision support systems using limited amount of patient data from their own EHR systems to provide important diagnosis related decisions. It becomes quite infeasible for a newly established healthcare facility to build a robust decision making system due to the lack of sufficient patient records. However, to make effective decisions from clinical data, it is indispensable to have large amounts of data to train the decision models. In this regard, there are conflicting objectives of preserving patient privacy and having sufficient data for modeling and decision making. To handle such disparate goals, we develop two adaptive distributed privacy-preserving algorithms based on a distributed ensemble strategy. The basic idea of our approach is to build an elegant model for each participating facility to accurately learn the data distribution, and then transfer the useful healthcare knowledge acquired on their data from these participators in the form of their own decision models without revealing and sharing the patient-level sensitive data, thus protecting patient privacy. We demonstrate that our approach can successfully build accurate and robust prediction models, under privacy constraints, using the healthcare data collected from different geographical locations. We demonstrate the performance of our method using the type-2 diabetes EHRs accumulated from multiple sources from all fifty states in the U.S. Our method was evaluated on diagnosing diabetes in the presence of insufficient number of patient records from certain regions without revealing the actual patient data from other regions. Using the proposed approach, we also discovered the important biomarkers, both universal and region-specific, and validated the selected biomarkers using the biomedical literature.
Mechanical Properties of Organosilicon Thin Films Deposited from Cyclic and Acyclic Precursors using Water as an Oxidant.

Pulsed-plasma chemical vapor deposition was used to deposit thin films from four different organosilicon (OSG) precursors, using water as the oxidant. The OSG precursors varied in structure (cyclic or acyclic), chemical composition (siloxane or silane), and type of organic substituent. Significant differences in final film structure were observed based on precursor identity, with the primary result being that cyclic siloxane precursors yielded films with a greater degree of crosslinking. The identity of the organic substituents was shown to affect the crosslinking potential, in that more reactive side groups, such as vinyl groups, facilitated the formation of crosslinking groups. At low power (200 W), film structure was dictated by precursor identity, whereas at high power (400 W), film structure became more uniform and precursor identity was less important. Mechanical properties tracked with plasma power, with low power samples being relatively soft, with hardness values between 0.126 GPa and 0.536 GPa. Samples produced at higher powers are more extensively crosslinked, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties. Samples produced at high powers had hardness values between 0.679 and 3.22 GPa, depending upon precursor identity. Dielectric constants ranged between 2.3 and 4.0.
Must global politics constrain democracy

The government itself, which is the only mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable [with the standing army] to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it. Witness the present Mexican war, the work of comparatively a few individuals using the standing government as their tool; for, in the outset, the people would not have consented to this measure.Henry Thoreau, in “Civil Disobedience”It is easy to say — and often is said — that we cannot have tolerable relations with new revolutionary regimes. The problem is that our anticommunist paranoia has made it impossible to find out. We do not know whether Mao's declared interest in a relationship with the Americans in the 1940s or Ho Chi Minh's were sincere. And the reason we don't know is that we never tried to find out. Those who reported it was a possibility were hounded out of the foreign service because of our suspicion and fear of communism. The legacy of that era brings to mind Ivan the Terrible's practice...
Reach and representativeness of ethnic minority women in the Health Is Power Study: a longitudinal analysis.

Reach is a key factor in translating research to practical application. This study examined reach and representativeness of a multi-city, randomized controlled community health trial in African American (AA) and Hispanic or Latina (HL) women. Participants completed measures of demographics, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, resting heart rate, and blood pressure followed by a run-in procedure and a randomization meeting. AA were more likely to be screened out initially; HL were more likely to drop out. Participation did not differ by city or recruitment method. Women who completed the post-intervention assessment were more likely to be AA, older, and have higher socioeconomic status (p values < .05). This study showed moderate levels of reach but overrepresented higher educated, wealthier, and older women at the completion of the study. Representativeness can change over the course of the study and impact the practicality of translating research to practice.
Concerning the immunology of the uterus.

Abstract As a mucosal organ, the uterus is unique in being subject to exposure to three types of antigen: chronically to micro-organisms, episodically to sperm bearing both auto- and alloantigens as well as soluble antigens in seminal plasma, and to conceptuses--nature's allografts--expressing transplantation antigens. That the uterus is effective in handling pathogens is evidenced by the rarity of infections. Local macrophages, immunocytes, and a secretory immune system, most evident in the cervix, probably underlie this attribute. Mammals' reproductive success hints that the uterus is immunologically discriminating toward the nonharmful but biologically important antigens of classes 2 and 3. Why sperm are not normally destroyed immunologically in the female prior to fertilization and why conceptuses are not rejected are central unresolved questions in reproductive immunology. Undoubtedly, important immunoregulatory principles are operating in this remarkable organ and its decidua. Better to understand antigenic exposure in the rat uterus, we have reinvestigated its lymphatic drainage using labeled cell injection and microanatomical procedures. Despite abundant lymphatics in the myometrium, cells placed in the uterine lumen did not readily gain access to the lymphatic system. There was a paucity of lymphatics in the endometrium, but Ia-positive dendritic cells were abundant. Soluble antigen exposure via the uterus failed to evoke a primary antibody response yet did prime the host for a secondary response. This restriction of systemic antigen presentation from the uterus, in conjunction with both cellular and noncellular immunoregulatory principles acting locally, may be important to ensure maternal hyporesponsiveness to paternal alloantigens.
The Heerwald Site and Early Plains Village Adaptations in the Southern Plains

Since the 1957 excavations, the Heerwald site (34CU27) has represented a taxonomic problem for Southern Plains archaeologists. This article will re-examine this problem in light of results from a 1983 testing program at Heerwald and on the basis of a complete reanalysis of all cultural remains from the site. Heerwald is compared with other Southern Plains cultural manifestations to provide insights on social relationships during the Early Plains Village period (A.D. 1250–1450).
Serum lipid analyses in rats fed natural and hydrogenated cottonseed oil with cholesterol and cholate.

Summary1. Dietary cholate with cholesterol added to natural and hydrogenated cottonseed oil raised serum cholesterol and phospholipid. This effect was augmented with saturated fat. Dietary lipid saturation or cholate alone had no effect on serum cholesterol. 2. C/PL ratio was elevated only when both dietary cholate and cholesterol were added to hydrogenated fat. 3. In the rat, highly saturated fat (I# 43) fed with cholesterol reverses the Alpha to Beta LP ratio with Beta LP becoming dominant. Combination of dietary cholate with cholesterol permits reversal of Alpha to Beta LP with moderate (I# 78) or no hydrogenation (I# 107) of dietary fat. 4. Serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition changes with greater saturation of dietary fat and added cholate and cholesterol. High oleic acid levels were noted in serum cholesterol ester fraction of rats fed saturated fat (I# 78) with cholate and cholesterol.
Measuring Orientations of Hidden Sub-Vertical Discontinuities in Rock Cuts Integrating Ground Penetrating Radar and Terrestrial LIDAR

Vertical or sub-vertical discontinuities striking parallel to rock cuts are dangerous because toppling and spontaneous raveling failures can initiate from these surfaces, creating hazards below. At the same time these surfaces are often hidden, because they do not daylight into the cut on either side, and any trace of the discontinuity that might be seen at the top of the cut is obscured by overburden. These hidden discontinuities can often be detected by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Used in conjunction with Terrestrial LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging), it is possible to accurately measure the orientation of these hidden discontinuities. The method presented in this paper establishes three control points on the surface of the rock cut. At each control point the global coordinates are measured using LIDAR. GPR soundings at each control point are used to measure the perpendicular horizontal distance (depth) to any discontinuities hidden behind the rock face by GPR. The true perpendicular distance is added to the GPR coordinates at each control point to form three new control points on the surface of each of the hidden discontinuities. Using the three point method the orientation of the hidden discontinuity is calculated.
Effect of Lemon Peel Extract Mouth Rinses in Children's Dental Plaques

Objective To analyze the effect of lemon peel extract mouth rinses on children's dental plaques. Methods A total of 120 children with dental caries aged 5- 8 years who visited Tianjin Children's Hospital from March 2011 to March2013 were divided randomly into groups A,B,C,40 in each. Group A were given lemon peel extract mouth rinse,group B given compound chlorhexidine acetate mouthwash,group C given pure water. Dental plaque index( PI) and adverse reactions related to the treatments were recorded before treatment and in weeks 1,2,3 after treatment. Results There was significant difference in PI among 3 groups before treatment and in weeks 1,2,3 after treatment( Ftime= 21. 670,Fgroup= 3. 430,Ftotal=7. 329; Ptime= 0. 001,Pgroup= 0. 036,Ptotal= 0. 001),there was significant difference in groups A,B and group C,but no difference between group A and B. PI decreased in groups A,B after treatment,reduced at first and then increased gradually in group C in week 1 after treatment. There was no difference in incidence of adverse reaction among 3 groups( 2 /40 in group A,3 /40 in group B,0 /40 in group C; χ2= 2. 922,P = 0. 232). Conclusion Lemon peel extract mouth rinse and compound chlorhexidine acetate mouthwash effect well on child dental plaques with good safety.
Adjuvant Antiestrogen Therapy for Breast Cancer: Past, Present, and Future

Laboratory investigations using animal models of breast cancer growth have indicated that the antiestrogenic compound tamoxifen is a tumoristatic agent. It is therefore effective in suppressing, rather than destroying, the breast tumor. Its use as an adjuvant in breast cancer management has been successful, with a proportion of women benefiting from long periods of tamoxifen treatment. All the initial studies recruited postmenopausal women, but tamoxifen is now proposed for the treatment of premenopausal women for an extended time. Naturally, there are many aspects of the toxicology of tamoxifen to consider; however, careful monitoring of clinical trials will determine the safety of the drug for the general patient population.
Real-Time Strain Monitoring of a Navy Vessel During Open Water Transit

In this work we describe the installation of a real-time, fiber-optic strain monitoring system aboard a US Navy vessel undergoing sea trials. The system is lightweight, unintrusive, corrosion resistant, and provides dynamic strain response measurements from direct current (DC) up to 360 Hz. Also described are the data acquisition and subsequent analysis. The goals of the study were to demonstrate a fiber-optic strain monitoring system under real world conditions and to better understand the source of deck cracking above an area housing mission-critical components. The results of the two-day trial indicate that there exist large stresses in the deck plate during normal ship operation. Based on the results, it is clear that ship maneuvers, slewing of the radar located on the deck plate, and insolation-related effects are not the primary source of the observed stress.
Acupuncture for Chemoradiation Therapy-Related Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

INTRODUCTION Dysphagia is common in head and neck cancer patients after concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT). This study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a randomized sham-controlled trial and collected preliminary data on safety and efficacy of acupuncture. PATIENTS AND METHODS Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma were randomized to 12 sessions of either active acupuncture (AA) or sham acupuncture (SA) during and following CRT. Patients were blinded to treatment assignment. Swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) was assessed using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) total and subscale scores. RESULTS Multiple aspects of trial feasibility were confirmed. Forty-two of 196 patients screened (21%) were enrolled and randomized to receive AA (n = 21) or SA (n = 21); 79% completed at least 10 of 12 planned acupuncture sessions; 81% completed the study follow-ups. The majority of patients reported uncertainty regarding their treatment assignment, with no difference between the AA and SA groups. Audits confirmed both AA and SA treatments were delivered with high fidelity. No serious acupuncture-related side effects were observed. MDADI total scores significantly improved from baseline to 12 months post-CRT in both groups (AA: +7.9; SA +13.9; p = .044, p < .001). Similar patterns were observed for the MDADI global subscale (AA: +25.0; SA +22.7; p = .001, p = .002). Intent-to-treat analyses suggested no difference between the treatment groups (p = .17, p = .76 for MDADI total and global scores, respectively). CONCLUSION A sham-controlled randomized trial evaluating acupuncture in dysphagia-related QOL in HNC found the procedure to be feasible and safe. Further investigation is required to evaluate efficacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Dysphagia or swallowing difficulty is an important and common condition after concurrent chemoradiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. In addition to current available supportive care, acupuncture may offer potential for treating dysphagia. This study demonstrated that both active acupuncture and sham acupuncture are safe and were associated with improved dysphagia-related quality of life from baseline to 12 months after concurrent chemoradiation therapy. This study was not designed to inform underlying specific versus nonspecific effects. Future larger-scale pragmatic clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture versus standard of care are warranted, and further mechanistic research is needed to understand how active versus purportedly sham acupuncture procedures affect dysphagia-related symptoms.
High Breakdown Methods of Time Series Analysis

SUMMARY A robust form of the discrete Fourier transform is developed that can handle large amounts of contamination and patchy outliers. We use robust regression to fit a sine and cosine coefficient at each Fourier frequency, and these coefficients are then inverse Fourier transformed to give a filtered version of the data. The filtered series can then be analysed with conventional methods. The limiting breakdown bound of the filter is 500/o. Other properties of the filter are also given. The performance of our method is compared by a Monte Carlo study with that of a data cleaner of Martin and Thomson. A comparison of the methods, including an outlier detection procedure, is also done by using a real data set with patchy outliers.
Multicomponent diffusion in silicate melts: SiO2–TiO2–Al2O3–MgO–CaO–Na2O–K2O System

Abstract Nine successful diffusion couple experiments were carried out in a 7-component haplobasaltic silicate melt SiO2–TiO2–Al2O3–MgO–CaO–Na2O–K2O system to study multicomponent diffusion at ∼1500 °C and 1 GPa, typically with compositional gradients in only two components in each experiment. At least two concentration traverses were measured for each experiment. Effective binary diffusion coefficients (EBDC) for monotonic profiles were obtained by an error function fit, and the EBDC of a given component is dependent on its counter diffusing component, especially for SiO2. The EBDC’s of SiO2 vary from 15.7 μm2/s when diffusing against Al2O3, to 102.9 μm2/s when diffusing against K2O. Furthermore, the multicomponent diffusion matrix was obtained by simultaneously fitting profiles of all oxides in all experiments. Most features in the diffusion profiles, for example uphill diffusion, are captured well by this 6 × 6 diffusion matrix. The slowest diffusing eigenvector is largely due to the exchange between Si and Al, and the fastest diffusing eigenvector is the exchange of Na with all other components. An anorthite dissolution experiment was also conducted to test whether the diffusion matrix can be applied to mineral dissolution experiments. The calculated diffusion profiles in the melt during anorthite dissolution roughly match the measured profiles, demonstrating the validity and utility of the diffusion matrix in this FeO-free aluminosilicate melt system.
Abstract P199: Prevalence of Appropriate Patients for Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging (RNI) Who Are Not Referred for the Procedure

Background: Concern regarding the growth of RNI led to the creation of Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) as a foundation for evaluating potential overuse. No data exist surrounding the proportion of patients who would be considered appropriate for RNI, but who are not referred for the procedure. Methods: We reviewed charts of 997 randomly selected patients, regardless of their medical history, seen in the outpatient setting of a single-specialty cardiology group from January to July 2008. Records were reviewed by physicians who were trained to abstract all relevant information to assign an AUC Class; including prior revascularization, recent MI, risk factors, functional capacity, chest pain, anginal control, symptoms and Framingham Risk score. The 2009 Update to the SPECT AUC were used to systematically assign each patient an indication for SPECT of Inappropriate (I), Uncertain (U) or Appropriate (A). Descriptive statistics were calculated to describe the prevalence of AUC ratings. Results: Of the 997 subjects included, 268 were referred for cardiac RNI and 729 (73%) patients were not. Baseline characteristics of those who were not referred for RNI are reviewed in the [table][1]. Among those not referred, 28% (206/729) would have been A, 13% (93/729) U, 42% (308/729) I and 17% (124/729) had insufficient information to classify. Conclusions: While there are important concerns of RNI overuse, more than 1 in 4 patients not referred for RNI would have meet the AUC criteria for being an appropriate indication. Whether avoiding testing in this group represents judicious use of expensive resources, or these patients outcomes are worse than comparable patients referred for RNI requires follow up and additional research. | Baseline demographics of subjects not undergoing RNI (n= 729) | |:-------------------------------------------------------------:| --------- | | Age; years (mean±SD) | 64 ±16 | | Male | 419(57%) | | Prior Revascularization | 253 (35%) | | CABG>5 yrs | 59 (8%) | | CABG<5 yrs | 28 (4%) | | PCI>2 yrs | 112 (15%) | | PCI<2 yrs | 54 (7%) | | DM | 104 (14%) | | Framingham Risk Score (FRS) | | Moderate risk | 97 (13%) | | Low risk | 229 (31%) | | Data not available | 386 (39%) | | CHD High Risk (DM or high FRS) | 119 (16%) | | Chest Pain | 23 (3%) | | Anginal equivalent | | Present | 160 (22%) | | Absent | 409 (56%) | | Data not available | 160 (22%) | | Symptoms | | Absent | 371 (51%) | | Present | 196 (27%) | | Data not available | 162 (22%) | | Functional capacity | | Good | 457 (63%) | | Poor | 113 (15%) | | Data not available | 161 (22%) | [1]: #T1
Politisches und apolitisches Denken im Zwölfer-Schiitentum

Peter Munch-Heubner wendet sich in seinem Beitrag dem Ideenwandel im schiitischen Glauben zu. Er skizziert zu diesem Zweck die Entwicklungen im Iran, im Laufe derer ein eigentlich quietistischer Glaube im Zuge einer antikolonialen Politisierung und innenpolitischer Machtkampfe in eine politische Ideologie verwandelt wurde, die in dieser Form bis heute noch von einem erheblichen Teil des religiosen Establishments abgelehnt wird. Daruber hinaus zeigt er, dass diese Politisierung des schiitischen Glaubens erst verstandlich wird, wenn die Rezeption sunnitischer Denker mit berucksichtigt wird, die diese Entwicklung mit ihren Ideen entscheidend befruchtet haben. Das verdeutlicht zugleich einmal mehr, dass der partielle Wandel des schiitischen wie auch des sunnitischen Islam in Richtung fundamentalistischer Stromungen weniger in der Konfession selbst angelegt war als vielmehr durch politische und gesellschaftliche Gegebenheiten vorangetrieben wurde.
Insulin secretagogue use and circulating inflammatory C-C chemokine levels in breast cancer patients.

Abstract Monocytes’ infiltration into the tumor tissue and their activation to tumor-associated macrophages is an essential step in tumor development, also playing a critical role in an eventual metastasis. Stimulation of endogenous insulin production by oral insulin secretagogue treatment has the potential to interfere with the production and release of C–C chemokines, a group of potent inflammatory cytokines acting as monocyte chemo-attractants and influencing their behavior in the tumor microenvironment. Studied plasma samples were collected under a previously reported study design involving a population of women diagnosed with breast cancer presenting with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (Wintrob et al., 2017, 2016) [1,2]. The data presented here shows the relationship between pre-existing use of insulin secretagogue, the inflammatory C–C chemokine profiles at the time of breast cancer diagnosis, and subsequent cancer outcomes. A Pearson correlation analysis stratified by secretagogue use and controls was implemented to evaluate the relationship between the investigated biomarkers and respectively each of these biomarkers and the other relevant reported cytokine datasets derived from the same patient population (Wintrob et al., 2017, 2016) [1,2].
Efficacy of Guided iCBT for Depression and Mediation of Change by Cognitive Skill Acquisition

Guided internet CBT (iCBT) is a promising treatment for depression; however, it is less well known through what mechanisms iCBT works. Two possible mediators of change are the acquisition of cognitive skills and increases in behavioral activation. We report results of an 8-week waitlist controlled trial of guided iCBT, and test whether early change in cognitive skills or behavioral activation mediated subsequent change in depression. The sample was 89 individuals randomized to guided iCBT (n = 59) or waitlist (n = 30). Participants were 75% female, 72% Caucasian, and 33 years old on average. The PHQ9 was the primary outcome measure. Mediators were the Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale-Self Report and the Behavioral Activation Scale for Depression-Short Form. Treatment was Beating the Blues plus manualized coaching. Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed models, and mediation with a bootstrap resampling approach. The iCBT group was superior to waitlist, with large effect sizes at posttreatment (Hedges' g = 1.45). Dropout of iCBT was 29% versus 10% for waitlist. In the mediation analyses, the acquisition of cognitive skills mediated subsequent depression change (indirect effect = -.61, 95% bootstrapped biased corrected CI: -1.47, -0.09), but increases in behavioral activation did not. iCBT is an effective treatment for depression, but dropout rates remain high. Change in iCBT appears to be mediated by improvements in the use of cognitive skills, such as critically evaluating and restructuring negative thoughts.
“Human Chef” to “Computer Chef”: Culinary Interactions Framework for Understanding HCI in the Food Industry

Food is important and pertinent to everyone in more ways than one with its physical, social, mental, and cultural implications. The significance and interest in food and food-related activities are growing, and along with this movement there is a surge of human-computer interaction technologies in the food industry, also known as human-food interaction (HFI). There is a need to make sense of this burgeoning field, especially in a structured means to comprehend and analyze these technologies. The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce Culinary Interactions Framework, which provides a way of positioning and evaluating each HFI product and service in the food subsystem that focuses on the culinary processes, helps understand the HFI technology landscape, and identifies more nuanced points of interactions between human and robot. We also present ideas for future works to develop this framework further, with respect to more sophisticated levels of autonomy, expansion to other food subsystems beyond the culinary processes, and exploration of latent needs around HFI. The framework and further discussions are intended to better articulate, evaluate, and inform design and developments in HFI.
A Neurenteric Cyst Presenting as a Brainstem Tumor: Imaging and Clinical Findings

An 11-year-old girl presented with vomiting, nystagmus, and ataxia. MRI showed a partially enhancing medulla oblongata lesion and an adjacent nonenhancing cystic exophytic lesion. An exophytic brainstem tumor was suspected. Histologically, the lesion was identified as a neurenteric cyst (NC). On retrospective review, the NC was connected to the brainstem by a subtle sinus tract. This led to brainstem inflammation which reversed once the cyst was resected. We describe an unreported case of a patient with a NC at the craniocervical junction connected to the brainstem through a sinus tract and discuss the possible embryological abnormality and imaging features.
Response of foliar nutrients of Rubus allegheniensis to nutrient amendments in a central Appalachian hardwood forest

Abstract Foliar nutrient concentrations are often useful in inferring soil fertility and plant-soil interactions. This study examined pre- and post-senescent foliar macronutrients and Mn of Rubus allegheniensis to assess potential effects of two nutrient amendments on mineral soil nutrient availability in aggrading hardwood stands: additions of (NH4)2SO4 (simulating increases in acid deposition) and additions of (NH4)2SO4 with dolomitic limestone (simulating mitigation of effects of acidification). Foliar Mn analysis further addressed a prediction of the nutrient redistribution hypothesis, i.e., Rubus accumulates Mn in pre-senescent leaves and further concentrates Mn in post-senescent leaves to produce high-Mn litter. The study used a four plot × four block randomized design with three experimental treatments (Control, NS, NS + Lime). Rubus leaves were harvested randomly in plots of all treatment before and after senescence. Experimental treatments appeared to increase availability of N and P, with little effect on K. Simulated acidification decreased availability of Ca and Mg, an effect mitigated for Mg by addition of dolomitic limestone. By contrast, Mn in Rubus foliage was up to 100 times more concentrated than in most plant species, and was further concentrated by ∼60% during senescence. These latter observations support predictions of the nutrient redistribution hypothesis that Rubus redistributes Mn from the rooting zone to surface soil.
Degradation of ultra-thin boron films in air

Abstract Corrosion of B films in air can limit their practical applications. Here, we study the evolution of the elemental composition, thickness, and morphology of 10 – 100 -nm-thick amorphous B films sputter-deposited onto glassy carbon substrates and stored under different conditions. Results show that films with thicknesses of ≳ 55 nm have expected excellent corrosion resistance during storage in laboratory air at room temperature over several months. In contrast, ≲ 45 -nm-thick films exhibit pronounced degradation upon air exposure, starting with a change in the composition to ∼ 30 and ∼ 50 at.% of O and H, respectively. After such an O and H uptake, the degradation proceeds via mass loss with a characteristic time constant of ∼ 5 days in air at room temperature. A post-deposition annealing at 1000 ° C in an inert atmosphere makes all the films corrosion resistant.
Distributed Algorithm for Suppressing Epidemic Spread in Networks

This letter considers problems related to suppressing epidemic spread over networks given limited curing resources. The spreading dynamic is captured by a susceptible-infected-susceptible model. The epidemic threshold and recovery speed are determined by the contact network structure and the heterogeneous infection and curing rates. We develop a distributed algorithm that can be used for allocating curing resources to meet three potential objectives: 1) minimize total curing cost while preventing an epidemic; 2) maximize recovery speed given sufficient curing resources; or 3) given insufficient curing resources, limit the size of an endemic state. The distributed algorithm is of the Jacobi type, and converges geometrically. We provide an upper bound on the convergence rate that depends on the structure and infection rates of the underlying network. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficiency and scalability of our distributed algorithm.
The Foundation of Servant Leadership Theory

The ideas and concepts for servant leadership have been around for centuries in different forms. Nevertheless, in the 1970s, in the midst of a hotbed of leadership theory development, Robert Greenleaf proposed an idea at first about the servant being the leader. This idea grew into a concept of leadership in the writings of Greenleaf and others growing into a researched model for leadership. Then in the twenty-first century, there was an explosion of literature in many areas of leadership theory and thinking. Some of these areas included virtues and even spirituality as an important component of leadership and leadership development. In this context there emerged several new ideas concerning servant leadership. Some of the foundational ideas came from Winston and Patterson. Winston gave us some new terminology for this construct in using the word agapao for the leadership idea of love. Then Patterson developed a virtue-based model for servant leadership that built upon the ideas of Greenleaf but expanded it. In her model, the virtues of leadership are the central issue, however; it is done in such a way that it facilitates the ability to research this theory of leadership. It is this endeavor that is central here to research and expand this theory based upon a fuller examination of Scripture and its connection to leadership.
Stuck in the Clinic: Vernacular Healing and Medical Anthropology in Contemporary sub-Saharan Africa

While vernacular therapeutics had long been a topic of interest to many writing about medicine and healing in Africa, with a few exceptions most recent anthropological writings on medicine in Africa are focused on biomedicine. In this article, I trace this shift back to the turn of the millennium and the convergence of three events: the emergence of global health, the accession of the occult economies paradigm, and critiques of culturalism in medical anthropology. I argue that these three shifts led to research projects and priorities that looked different from those defined and undertaken as late as the late 1990s. While seeking to avoid the errors that could come with writing about vernacular therapeutic traditions in Africa as bounded comprehensive systems, I argue that there are empirical, political, and practical reasons why medical anthropologists may want to reconsider our collective research priorities.
Conceptual and Empirical Issues in Training Culturally Competent Psychologists

The current zeitgeist in applied psychology training portrays the development of cultural competence as a necessary and highly valued component of clinical training. The American Psychological Association (APA) has created guidelines for multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists and mandated culturally competent behavior in its Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. If students attending applied psychology training programs are expected to develop cultural competencies, then they must be exposed to structured experiences designed to assist them in this goal. Such experiences include, but certainly are not limited to, didactic classroom instruction. Research on this topic has revealed that studies examining training outcomes have methodological flaws, lack information regarding the specifics of training, implications for trainee benefits are unclear, and trainings have not demonstrated that cultural competency trainings result in improvements for clients. The field as it stands is ripe for the development of evidence-based trainings which should be developed using a clinical science model.
Wirkungsanalyse von Bauvorhaben auf Gemeindefinanzen

Many local authorities lack the necessary knowledge and analytical tools to be able to estimate the effects that planned construction projects will have on tax revenues and on technical and social infrastructure expenditure. This article summarizes fiscal impact analysis theory as well as introducing relevant tools. Finally, it makes recommendations regarding ongoing development of these tools.