cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The NOAer's dilemma: Constructive empiricism and the natural ontological attitude

Faced with interminable combat over some piece of philosophical terrain, someone will inevitably suggest that the contested ground is nothing more than a philosophically manufactured mirage that is therefore not worth fighting for. Arthur Fine has long advocated such a response — the ‘Natural Ontological Attitude,’ or NOA — to the realism debate in the philosophy of science. Notwithstanding the prima facie incompatibility between the realist's and anti-realist's positions, Fine suggests that there is in fact enough common ground for NOA to stand on its own as a minimal alternative, one that enjoys the advantage of being free of the philosophical burdens of its overweight contenders. Notwithstanding Fine's claim to have identified a position that is neither realist nor anti-realist, critics charge that NOA, as Fine describes it, is a realist position. I endorse this criticism below, with attention to the relation between NOA and Bas van Fraassen's Constructive Empiricism (CE). I show that Fine's repudiation of the globalism he identifies in realism (and in anti-realism) does not insulate him from that charge.
Policy Matters: Development of a Legislative Advocacy Week to Engage Student Pharmacists in Policy Discussions

Policy and advocacy discussions and activities are generally topics that student pharmacists are less excited to engage in during their PharmD curriculum. These can also be challenging to integrate within a curriculum in a meaningful, impactful, and engaging manner. At a college of pharmacy, two student organization chapters (American Pharmacists Association-Academy of Student Pharmacists and National Community Pharmacists Association) partnered together to host a Legislative Advocacy Week centered on the primary elections for the 2016 presidential race. This Note discusses the conceptualization, planning, events, impact, and analysis of this week. Conflict of Interest At the time of this activity, Dr. Mospan was a faculty member at East Tennessee State University Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy. Type: Note
Relative Rank of Labour Conventions and Conflicting National Norms

In addition to the question of determining whether a particular provision of a convention is or is not self-executing, ILO supervisory organs and national courts and administrators have been faced with a further difficult question regarding the application of these conventions in automatic incorporation states, i.e., the problem of the rank within a particular legal system of self-executing convention provisions in relation to other norms of national law. Do self-executing provisions of conventions prevail over conflicting constitutional provisions or conflicting statutes or do the national provisions prevail over the convention provision?1 Does it make a difference if the statute is earlier or later in time than ratification of the convention? As will be pointed out below, the states examined in this case study have adopted different solutions to this problem.
399. Early Correction of Neuromuscular Deficits in Pompe Disease Is Required for Restoration of Strength Following Gene Therapy

We have recently reported pathology of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in Pompe disease, reflecting disruption of neuronal and muscle homeostasis as a result of glycogen accumulation. The objective of this study was to examine how alterations of the NMJ contribute to Pompe disease pathology. An AAV9 vector encoding GAA (AAV9-hGAA) was injected directly into the tibialis anterior muscle of Gaa-/- mice at early- mid- and severe- pathological time points. Gene expression of NMJ-related genes, in situ muscle force production, clearance of glycogen in conjunction with histological assessment of the NMJ was subsequently performed in all animals. Our data demonstrate that AAV9-hGAA is able to replace GAA to the affected tissue and modify AChR mRNA expression, muscle force production, motor endplate expansion and innervation status of the NMJ. The degree of restoration for these outcomes is limited by progression of neural pathology. Early restoration of GAA activity in muscle and neural cells was most effective, while late correction of GAA expression was not effective in modifying parameters reflecting NMJ structure and function nor in force restoration despite resolution of glycogen storage in muscle. Our data provide new mechanistic insight into the pathology of Pompe disease and suggest that early systemic correction to both neuronal and muscle tissues may be essential for successful correction of neuromuscular function in Pompe disease.
Host Specificity of Pecan Strains of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) bacterial leaf scorch disease, caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, causes defoliation and reduces terminal growth and nut yield. The pathogen is transmitted to pecan by xylem-feeding spittlebugs and leafhoppers and through graft transmission in the clonal propagation of cultivars. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex has a broad host range, infecting numerous hardwood tree species and some herbaceous species. There is evidence of additional host specialization within subsp. multiplex. Data presented here support the existence of host specialization with X. fastidiosa that infect pecan. In this study, mechanical inoculation was used to inoculate several plant species that are naturally infected by subsp. multiplex, including sycamore, red maple, purple-leafed plum, and blueberry with strains of X. fastidiosa from pecan. Hosts of three other subspecies were also inoculated with the pecan strains: grapevine (subsp. fastidiosa); oleander (subsp. sandyi); and mulberry (subsp. morus). Pecan was also inoculated with a strain of the pathogen from sycamore (subsp. multiplex) and a strain from grapevine (subsp. fastidiosa). In greenhouse tests, inoculum prepared from X. fastidiosa obtained from naturally infected pecan almost exclusively infected pecan. In addition, the subsp. multiplex strain from sycamore generally did not infect pecan, and the subsp. fastidiosa strain from grapevine did not infect pecan. The inability of the pecan strain to readily infect other hosts commonly located in the vicinity of pecan orchards affects the management recommendations for the disease in commercial pecan production by allowing management practices to focus on pecan orchards and insect vectors.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Stress Radiographs in the Evaluation of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability.

Background:In patients who develop chronic ankle instability, clinicians often obtain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the evaluation prior to operative referral. The purpose of this stu...
Clinical Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Conditional and Nonconditional Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

Objectives This study compared risks associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with non-MRI conditional and MRI conditional pacing and defibrillator systems with particular attention to clinically actionable outcomes. Background While recipients of new MRI conditional pacemaker and defibrillator systems may undergo MRI scanning with very low risk, safety and regulatory concerns persist regarding such scanning in recipients of non-MRI conditional systems. Methods Patients with any cardiac device who were referred for MRI were prospectively enrolled at a single center and underwent scanning at 1.5 Tesla. Pre- and postscan lead characteristic changes, system integrity, and symptoms were analyzed. A comparison was made between non-MRI conditional and MRI conditional devices. Results 105 patients were evaluated allowing for comparison of 97 scans with non-MRI conditional devices and 16 scans with MRI conditional devices. The cohort included those with pacemaker dependency, defibrillator, and cardiac resynchronization devices. Small, nonsignificant changes were observed in lead characteristics following scanning, and there was no significant difference when comparing non-MRI and MRI conditional devices. Lead parameter changes did not require lead revision or programming changes. No device reset, failures, or premature scan termination was observed. Conclusions 1.5 T MRI scanning in patients with MRI conditional and non-MRI conditional cardiac devices was performed with similar, low clinical risk.
Genotypic analysis of Tropheryma whipplei from patients with Whipple disease in the Americas

Tropheryma whipplei, the agent of Whipple disease, causes a rare bacterial disease that may be fatal if not treated. The classical form of the disease includes diarrhoea, weight loss, arthritis, endocarditis and neurological manifestations. Genotyping studies done in Europe, Africa and Asia showed high genetic diversity with no correlation between genotypes and clinical features, but contributed to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease. More than 70 genotypes have been described. No similar assessment of T. whipplei in the USA and the Caribbean has been performed. In this study, we describe genetic analysis of DNA from histopathological samples obtained from 30 patients from the Americas with Whipple disease and compare the genotypes with those previously identified. Complete genotypes were obtained from 18 patients (60%). Only 4 genotypes were previously described, and 14 were newly reported, confirming the diversity of T. whipplei strains.
Individual Liability of Shareholders, Officers, and Directors Under the Interstate Land Sales Act

Real estate developments are typically conducted through the medium of business entities intended to shield its owners of individual liability. Corporations, limited liability companies and limited partnerships have traditionally been viewed as effective mechanisms to accomplish this outcome. Does current law continue to allow such mechanisms to create a shield from individual liability? This article explores this issue by examining the liability provisions of the Interstate Land Sales and Full Disclosure Act (ILSA). The conclusion drawn is that the terms of the Act, as interpreted and applied by the courts, allow owners of these business entities to be held individually liable for fraudulent conduct in violation of the Act.
Effect of green building certification on organizational productivity metrics

ABSTRACTThere is increasing interest in understanding how office accommodation affects organizational productivity. Data on metrics of engagement, job satisfaction, job performance and facility com...
Differentiated service policy in smart warehouse automation

Smart warehouse automation has emerged as an effective, competitive solution for suppliers and distributors. With the increasing demand for physical storage and distribution services, suppliers and...
Endocrine Function and Glucose Metabolism

A central theme underlying the discussion in this article is the hypothesis that primary insomnia is associated with adrenal and sympathetic hyperactivity, chronic emotional distress, and adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle. These putative pathogenic pathways may combine with other inherited or acquired risk factors for obesity and type 2 diabetes to promote and accelerate the development of systemic metabolic dysfunction.
IPL: An Integration Property Language for Multi-model Cyber-physical Systems

Design and verification of modern systems requires diverse models, which often come from a variety of disciplines, and it is challenging to manage their heterogeneity – especially in the case of cyber-physical systems. To check consistency between models, recent approaches map these models to flexible static abstractions, such as architectural views. This model integration approach, however, comes at a cost of reduced expressiveness because complex behaviors of the models are abstracted away. As a result, it may be impossible to automatically verify important behavioral properties across multiple models, leaving systems vulnerable to subtle bugs. This paper introduces the Integration Property Language (IPL) that improves integration expressiveness using modular verification of properties that depend on detailed behavioral semantics while retaining the ability for static system-wide reasoning. We prove that the verification algorithm is sound and analyze its termination conditions. Furthermore, we perform a case study on a mobile robot to demonstrate IPL is practically useful and evaluate its performance.
Presentation of Depression in an Emergency Setting

Depression affects approximately 20% of the population. Because of the associated risk of suicide, repetitive self-destructive acts, chronic self-neglect, and severe mood disturbance, depression accounts for a large proportion of emergency visits.
Determination of iron in ultrapure water by atomic absorption spectroscopy

Beside ionic impurities, DI water contains non-ionic compounds, which mainly consist of the oxyhydrates of the elements Fe, Ti, and Si present as colloids. This paper describes an analytical method for Fe, which is based on a simple enrichment by evaporation and the subsequent determination by flameless AAS. It is demonstrated that DI water systems, which are mainly based on coprecipitation and ion exchange, remove the Fe from the main water only to a small extent. The Fe content in DI water shows significant variations.
IBM pure application system pattern development and deployment

IBM Pure Application System (IPAS) provides integrated scalable hardware and software to manage workloads on the cloud. In a cloud environment the ultimate unit of workload is an image that consists of an operating system, software stack and applications. But having the deployable unit as an image has its downsides. With growing needs in a large organization, the images will gradually be duplicated and this can lead to explosion of similar images with only slight variations. Further deployed cloud workloads must be easily updatable, scalable and be monitored. In order to address these issues, IPAS captures the workload in special reusable packages called Virtual Application Pattern (VAP) and Virtual System Pattern (VSP) which not only abstracts and encapsulates the images, but also provides expert knowledge to tailor the workload based on user requirements. The VSP deployment model is infrastructure and middleware centric model, where user deploys a middleware with required components on the system. The VAP deployment model is an application centric model, where user deploys required applications and defines service level agreement (SLA) policies that manage the application.
Are vitamin A and iron deficiencies re-emerging in urban Latin America? A survey of schoolchildren in Bogota, Colombia.

BACKGROUND In Latin America, the burden of vitamin A and iron deficiencies has been documented primarily in preschool-age children. There are few recent reports on the vitamin A and iron status of school-age children. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin A and iron deficiencies in Colombian schoolchildren. METHODS We examined plasma retinol and ferritin concentrations in relation to socioeconomic and anthropometric factors in a representative sample of 2811 low- and middle-income children 5 to 12 years of age in Bogota, Colombia. RESULTS The prevalence rates of deficiencies of vitamin A (plasma retinol < 0.70 micromol/L) and iron (plasma ferritin <15 microg/L) were 14% and 3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, plasma retinol concentrations were positively associated with child's age and household's socioeconomic stratum, whereas ferritin concentrations were positively related to child's age, number of home assets, and having a nonsingle mother. Ferritin concentrations were much lower among girls than boys in the 11- and 12-year-old age group, whereas there were only small positive differences between girls and boys in younger children (p for interaction < .0001). Both vitamin A and iron deficiencies were independently associated with lower z-scores for body-mass-index-for-age, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and C-reactive protein concentrations. Neither vitamin A nor iron status was related to height-for-age. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rates of vitamin A and iron deficiencies among schoolchildren from Bogotd, Colombia, are not negligible. Both vitamin A and iron status are positively associated with socioeconomic status and anthropometric indices. The effect of improving vitamin A and iron status on physical growth and other functional outcomes needs to be further examined in this age group.
Postpartum care and breast-feeding

Scientific studies investigating the postpartum period are scarce, and observational studies greatly outnumber controlled trials. Many studies are biased in their assumptions about the social roles of women and men and in the interpretation of observations and treatment strategies. The published literature is fragmentary; few researchers have attempted a comprehensive, biopsychosocial system-oriented view of postpartum health. More research is needed on the occurrence and treatment of such common postpartum problems as urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and back pain. Widespread application of what is already known about support for breast-feeding, prevention of fatigue and depression, contraception, and maintenance of healthy lifestyles will require innovations in healthcare delivery, professional practices, and social policy, particularly in the occupational arena. Many postpartum problems have been found to be iatrogenic and responsive to changes in the routine care of mothers and newborns. Finally, it is clear that women of lower education and socioeconomic status and those with less social support are consistently at higher risk for postpartum and parenting problems; great benefits are likely from interventions that enhance the well-being of these mothers and infants.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Patient with AIDS

Introduction: Disseminated histoplasmosis is often seen in immunocompromised individuals, such those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The initial infection mainly involves the lungs but it may develop into a disseminated form especially in immunocompromised patients. Since it can be a systemic disease with cutaneous manifestations, dermatologists must be able to recognize its clinical presentation to ensure prompt management. Case: We present a man in his 50s with past medical history of AIDS who developed disseminated histoplasmosis with skin and gastrointestinal involvement over a one-month period of time. Despite receiving induction therapy with intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole, the patient expired. His death was attributed to his persistently low CD4 T-cell count and secondary bacteremia. Discussion: This condition should be recognized early and treated aggressively. However, patients with multiple comorbidities are at increased risk of mortality even despite adequate treatment. This case highlights the significant mortality risk of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS.
Simethicone is retained in endoscopes despite reprocessing: impact of its use on working channel fluid retention and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence values (with video)

Background and Aims Studies from our group and others demonstrate residual fluid in 42% to 95% of endoscope working channels despite high-level disinfection and drying. Additionally, persistent simethicone has been reported in endoscope channels despite reprocessing. Methods Endoscopy was performed by using water or varied simethicone concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 3%) for flushing. After high-level disinfection/drying, we inspected endoscope working channels for retained fluid by using the SteriCam borescope. Working channel rinsates were evaluated for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed on fluid droplets gathered from a colonoscope in which low-concentration simethicone was used. Results Use of medium/high concentrations of simethicone resulted in a higher mean number of fluid droplets (13.5/17.3 droplets, respectively) and ATP bioluminescence values (20.6/23 relative light units [RLUs], respectively) compared with that of procedures using only water (6.3 droplets/10.9 RLUs; P Conclusions Use of medium/high concentrations of simethicone is associated with retention of increased fluid droplets and higher ATP bioluminescence values in endoscope working channels, compared with endoscopes in which water or low concentration simethicone was used. However, simethicone is detectable in endoscopes despite reprocessing, even when it is utilized in low concentrations. Our data suggest that when simethicone is used, it should be used in the lowest concentration possible. Facilities may consider 2 automated endoscope reprocessor cycles for reprocessing of endoscopes when simethicone has been used.
Perspective from grad school: Finding my voice

The most difficult thing I’ve had to do in grad school so far is find my voice. I’ve always been a smart kid. I got good grades and jumped through every hoop put in front of me. I thought grad school would be the same. I was so, so wrong. I didn’t realize that while being smart may have been what got me into grad school, it wasn’t going to be what kept me there. Because I was a quiet, anxious kid who kept to myself, interpersonal stuff was always hard for me. I didn’t realize that deficiency would catch up with me in graduate school. I had to learn to communicate my needs, whether that was getting help with experiments or getting help resolving conflicts with coworkers. I had to learn to confidently communicate and defend my ideas. I had to learn to stop apologizing for putting time and
What biologic factors predict for transformation to AML

Transformation of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) into secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is defined by an arbitrary boundary of ≥20% bone marrow blasts but does not necessarily reflect a defined biological transition. The more obvious distinction lies between MDS patients that have an isolated bone marrow failure phenotype and those with excess blasts. Subtyping of MDS might be more accurately stratified into clonal cytopenias and oligoblastic leukemias, using the degree of dysplasia and blast percentage as risk features, respectively, rather than as diagnostic criteria. Transformation from MDS to sAML often involves clonal evolution or expansion of existing subclones that can be assessed by changes in variant allele frequencies of the somatic mutations that define them. There are a number of predictors for transformation that have been identified: these include mutations of genes in growth signaling pathways (NRAS, KRAS, PTPN11, FLT3), mutations in genes more commonly observed in AML (NPM1, WT1, IDH2), certain cytogenetic abnormalities (monosomy 7, complex karyotype, loss of 17p). Gene expression profiles that divide MDS into two major categories identify a progenitor gene signature subtype associated with a high risk of AML transformation. Assessing for these genetic abnormalities may better identify MDS patients at greatest risk of transformation.
Multi Cranial Neuropathy Secondary To Primary Glioblastoma Of Trigeminal Nerve: Case Report (P6.116)

Objective: To report a rare case of glioblastoma arising from trigeminal nerve with leptomeningeal spread of disease, and discuss the origin of this tumor. Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is a WHO Grade IV tumor typically arising in the supratentorial compartment of the brain. Gliomas arising from cranial nerves (CN) are extremely rare. Design/Methods: A 77 year old gentleman presented with four month history of numbness over the right side of his face and progressive bilateral hearing loss. One week prior to presentation, he also developed left facial weakness, left eye ptosis, diplopia and lower back pain. On examination, he was found to have loss of sensation in a V1–V3 distribution on the right, a left pupil sparing third nerve palsy, bilateral sensironeural hearing loss, and a left peripheral VII CN palsy Results: MRI brain showed a cisternal mass infiltrating the right CN V with extensive enhancement and thickening of bilateral CN including III, V, VII, and VIII. MRI of the spine showed nodular enhancement at the level of the cauda equina. CSF cytology was negative for malignant cells. Biopsy of the right CN V mass showed this to be glioblastoma. Conclusions: Leptomeningeal dissemination of glioblastoma is rare, occurring in about 4% of cases. In most of these cases, a parenchymal component is present that eventually disseminates along the ependymal lining of the brain to involve the leptomeninges. We here describe a unique presentation of a GB most likely arising from a CN followed by widespread leptomeningeal dissemination. The root entry zone (either the glial segment or the transition segment) of the cranial nerve is thought to be the anatomical point of origin for gliomas arising from CNs. Unfortunately despite being treated with radiation and chemotherapy, the patient passed away 3 months after presentation denoting the very poor prognosis associated with leptomeningeal spread of GB. Disclosure: Dr. Orabi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chalela has nothing to disclose. Dr. Welsh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cachia has nothing to disclose.
Transformation by Rho exchange factor oncogenes is mediated by activation of an integrin-dependent pathway.

Abstract Constitutive activation of growth factor receptor signaling pathways leads to uncontrolled growth, but why tumor cells become anchorage independent is less clear. The fact that integrins transmit signals required for cell growth suggests that constitutive activation of steps downstream from integrins mediates anchorage independence. Since the small GTPase Rho may mediate integrin signal transduction, the effects of serum and the Rho nucleotide exchange factor oncogenes dbl and lbc on cell growth and signaling pathways were examined. Our data show that these oncogenes induce anchorage-independent but serum-dependent growth and stimulation of signaling pathways. These results show, therefore, that anchorage-independent growth results from constitutive activation of integrin-dependent signaling events. They also support the view that Rho is a functionally important mediator of integrin signaling.
The Critical Role of TGF-beta1 in the Development of Induced Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells.

Foxp3+T regulatory cell (Treg) subsets play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis against self-antigen. The lack or dysfunction of these cells is responsible for the pathogenesis and development of many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, manipulation of these cells may provide a novel therapeutic approach to treat autoimmune diseases and prevent allograft rejection during organ transplantation. In the article, we will provide current opinions concerning the classification, developmental and functional characterizations of Treg subsets. A particular emphasis will be focused on transforming cell growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its role in the differentiation and development of induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) in the periphery. Moreover, the similarity and disparity of iTregs and naturally occurring, thymus-derived CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) will also be discussed. While proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 can convert nTregs to IL-17-producing cells, peripheral Tregs induced by TGF-β are resistant to this cytokine. This difference may affect the role of each in the adaptive immune response.
Somatostatin Receptor Subtype-4 Regulates mRNA Expression of Amyloid-Beta Degrading Enzymes and Microglia Mediators of Phagocytosis in Brains of 3xTg-AD Mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in memory and cognitive impairment. The use of somatostatin receptor subtype-4 (SSTR4) agonists have been proposed for AD treatment. This study investigated the effects of selective SSTR4 agonist NNC 26-9100 on mRNA expression of key genes associated with AD pathology (microglia mediators of Aβ phagocytosis, amyloid-beta (Aβ)-degrading enzymes, anti-oxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in 3xTg-AD mice. Mice were administered NNC 26-9100 (0.2 µg, i.c.v.) or vehicle control, with cortical and subcortical brain tissue collected at 6 h and 24 h post-treatment. At 6 h, NNC 26-9100 treatment decreased cortical expression of cluster of differentiation-33 (Cd33) by 25%, while increasing cortical and subcortical macrophage scavenger receptor-1 (Msr1) by 1.8 and 2.0-fold, respectively. The Cd33 downregulation and Msr1 upregulation support a state of microglia associated Aβ phagocytosis. At 24 h, NNC 26-9100 treatment increased the cortical expression of Sstr4 (4.9-fold), Aβ-degrading enzymes neprilysin (9.3-fold) and insulin degrading enzyme (14.8-fold), and the antioxidant catalase (3.6-fold). Similar effects at 24 h were found in subcortical tissue with NNC 26-9100 treatment, but did not reach statistical significance. No changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were found. These data demonstrated NNC 26-9100 facilitates transcriptional changes in brain tissue identified with Aβ phagocytosis and clearance, further supporting SSTR4 as a treatment target for AD.
Initial Model for Impact of Social Distancing on CoVID-19 Spread

The initial stages of the CoVID-19 coronavirus pandemic all around the world exhibit a nearly exponential rise in the number of infections with time. Planners, governments, and agencies are scrambling to figure out "How much? How bad?" and how to effectively treat the potentially large numbers of simultaneously sick people. Modeling the CoVID-19 pandemic using an exponential rise implicitly assumes a nearly unlimited population of uninfected persons ("dilute pandemic"). Once a significant fraction of the population is infected ("saturated pandemic"), an exponential growth no longer applies. A new model is developed here, which modifies the standard exponential growth function to account for factors such as Social Distancing. A Social Mitigation Parameter [SMP] α/s\ is introduced to account for these types of society-wide changes, which can modify the standard exponential growth function, as follows: N(t)= No exp[ +Ko t/(1 + α/s\ t)] . The doubling-time t/dbl\=(ln2)/Ko can also be used to substitute for Ko, giving a {t/dbl\, α/s\} parameter pair for comparing to actual CoVID-19 data. This model shows how the number of CoVID-19 infections can self-limit before reaching a saturated pandemic level. It also provides estimates for: (a) the timing of the pandemic peak, (b) the maximum number of new daily cases that would be expected, and (c) the expected total number of CoVID-19 cases. This model shows fairly good agreement with the presently available CoVID-19 pandemic data for several individual States, and the for the USA as a whole (6 Figures), as well as for various countries around the World (9 Figures). An augmented model with two Mitigation Parameters, α/s\ and β/s\, is also developed, which can give better agreement with the daily new CoVID-19 data. Data-to-model comparisons also indicate that using α/s\ by itself likely provides a worst-case estimate, while using both α/s\ and β/s\ likely provides a best-case estimate for the CoVID-19 spread.
Challenges and Controversies in Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Over the past decade, treatment of brain metastases has evolved to include more focal approaches such as radiosurgery and resection, less use of whole-brain radiation therapy, and use of selected targeted drugs and immunotherapies as appropriate. Many different challenges remain including in the care of patients with larger, multiple, and symptomatic tumors that vary depending on tumor type, brain location, and patient characteristics. Management of radiation effects also can be challenging both in terms of diagnosis and therapy. Here we present five case scenarios that describe the use of stereotactic radiosurgery as part of modern care.
Petaluma and the Limits of Treasury's Authority

In a prior article, I explained how taxpayers could make arguments that would potentially avoid the Supreme Court's adverse holdings in United States v. Woods. The Court deliberately left one issue open, citing a brief that I had submitted, and another issue went unacknowledged but can still be presented by taxpayers. In Petaluma v. United States, currently pending in the D.C. Circuit, the taxpayer has adopted the regulatory arguments I presented in the earlier article. Consequently, what was once a mind-numbing case about partnership audit procedure has become a case about fundamental tax and administrative law doctrines. This short article alerts the reader to the issues raised in Petaluma's appeal. It forgoes extensive doctrinal analysis, which I've performed elsewhere. However, the temptation to criticize some of the rather peculiar arguments in the government's reply brief cannot be resisted.
The KBSS-KCWI survey: the connection between extended Ly α haloes and galaxy azimuthal angle at z 2-3

We present the first statistical analysis of kinematically-resolved, spatially-extended Ly$\alpha$ emission around $z = 2-3$ galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS) using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI). Our sample of 59 star-forming galaxies ($z_\mathrm{med} = 2.29$) comprises the subset with typical KCWI integration times of $\sim 5$ hours and with existing imaging data from the Hubble Space Telescope and/or adaptive optics-assisted integral field spectroscopy. The high-resolution images were used to evaluate the azimuthal dependence of the intensity distribution and kinematics of diffuse Ly$\alpha$ emission with respect to the stellar continuum within projected galactocentric distances of $\lesssim 30$ proper kpc. We introduce cylindrically-projected 2D spectra (CP2D) that map the averaged Ly$\alpha$ spectral profile over a specified range of azimuthal angle, as a function of impact parameter around galaxies. The averaged CP2D spectrum of all galaxies shows clear signatures of Ly$\alpha$ resonant scattering by outflowing gas. When the CP2D spectra are binned using ranges of azimuthal angle corresponding to the projected major and minor axes, the spectra in two bins are almost consistent with only minor residual that comprises $\le 2\%$ ($\sim 2 \sigma$) of the integrated Ly$\alpha$ emission. The symmetry implies that the Ly$\alpha$ scattering medium is dominated by outflows in all directions within 30 kpc. Meanwhile, we find that the blueshifted component of Ly$\alpha$ emission is marginally stronger along galaxy minor axes for galaxies with relatively weak Ly$\alpha$ emission. We speculate that this weak directional dependence of Ly$\alpha$ emission becomes discernible only when the Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction is low. These discoveries highlight the need for similar analyses in simulations with Ly$\alpha$ radiative transfer modeling.
A LangCrit analysis of teachers’ beliefs about language learning and language diversity

Research has suggested that teachers’ beliefs about multilingual learners directly impact their instructional practices, and teacher educators have called for more explicit focus on addressing beliefs related to language learning and multilingual learners in teacher training programmes. Drawing from LangCrit theory, we analysed 15 early-career teachers’ beliefs about language learning. All participants were enrolled in a teacher education programme and taking a state mandated course focused on teaching multilingual learners. At the start of the course, after completing modified versions of the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) and the Language Attitudes Teacher Survey (LATS), participants were asked to identify survey items that represented truths or myths of bilingualism and to reflect on their own beliefs about the topic and how those beliefs were formed. We utilised positioning theory and LangCrit theory to make meaning of participant responses. Findings suggest that participants were likely to select similar items for reflection. Additionally, their responses connected to their personal experiences of language learning in their own lives or previous classroom experiences. In line with LangCrit theory, participant responses connected their individual stories to broader discourses and emphasised socially bounded hierarchies and the dominance of English as a teaching goal. However, responses rarely addressed how language diversity is related to race or racism. Implications for teacher beliefs, particularly with regard to teacher education and policy, are discussed.
Bridge-Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Leads to Greater Limb Asymmetry and Less Cartilage Damage Than Untreated ACL Transection or ACL Reconstruction in the Porcine Model:

Background:The extent of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in the porcine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model is dependent on the surgical treatment selected. In a previous study, ...
STEADY DRAINAGE OF LAYERED SOILS: I, THEORY

This is the first of two papers on steady drainage of layered soils. In this paper, the stream and potential functions for the steady drainage of two-layered and three-layered soils have been derived. Two sets of flow nets have been given for each case. From the derivations for the two-layered and three-layered soils, it has been deduced how to solve steady drainage problems for soils with more than three layers. In the second paper, 29 nomographs will be given for easy calculation of drain spacings in two-layered soils, as well as spacing formulas for the two- and three-layered soils.
[5] Epstein-barr viral plasmid vectors and their amplifiable derivatives

Summary EBV replicates its DNA via two modes: During the latent phase of the EBV life cycle, the virus replicates its DNA as a multicopy plasmid once per cell cycle in S phase (1, 2); during the lytic phase of EBV's life cycle the virus amplifies its DNA 100- to 1000- fold within one or two cell generations (6). These two modes of DNA replication require distinct cis - and trans -acting viral genetic elements, which have been identified and used to construct different vectors that mimic the two modes of the DNA replication of EBV.
Supporting Distributed Configuration Management in Virtual Enterprises

This paper presents a semantic hypertext-based framework called DHT that supports distributed software configuration management, provides transparent access to heterogeneous, autonomous software repositories, and enables an implementation strategy with low cost and effort. We show how DHT solves the practical problems of sharing and updating heterogenous multi-version software in a virtual enterprise of distributed teams, integrating existing CM tools and environments, executing CM processes to coordinate development activities across wide-area networks. This is when the process model is represented as a user navigable hypertext graph whose nodes associate process steps, user roles, and associated tools with designated software product versions and configurations. Furthermore, we show that this can require the support for alternative policy models for the commitment of software updates into local CM repositories. Overall, these capabilities provide support for product-centered enactment of CM policies and processes across a virtual enterprise of teams connected via the Internet.
Radioactive Labeling of Proteins in Vitro

Abstract A procedure is described for the radioactive labeling of proteins in vitro in which 3H- or 14C-methyl groups are attached to the protein amino groups by reductive alkylation. Several proteins and several viruses have been labeled to specific activities of typically 5 x 106 cpm per mg of protein. Some applications are illustrated.
Linear Tc depression in Mg-doped YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

We report resistivity-versus-temperature measurements performed on polycrystalline pellets of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mg}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ made using the polymer-metal-complex precursor method. ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ was found to decrease linearly with increasing Mg doping in the range x=8.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$ to 8.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ with slope -1400 K/x; the normal-state resistivity and the superconducting transition width showed little or no change. Mg was found to have a maximum solubility in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mg}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ of x\ensuremath{\approxeq}9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$.
In vitro anti-anaerobic activity of the cephalosporin derivative RWJ 54428, compared to seven other compounds.

Abstract Agar dilution MIC was used to test the activity of RWJ 54428, a new cephalosporin derivative, compared to imipenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, piperacillin–tazobactam, clindamycin and metronidazole against 363 anaerobes isolated from clinical specimens. RWJ 54428 had low MICs against most β-lactamase-negative Gram-negative rods, and all Gram-positive strains except Clostridium difficile. Imipenem and meropenem had the lowest MICs (MIC 50 s of 0.125 mg/L and MIC 90 s of 1.0 mg/L). Piperacillin–tazobactam, clindamycin and metronidazole were active against most strains, and ceftriaxone was active mainly against β-lactamase-negative organisms.
Positive Empathy: A Therapeutic Skill Inspired by Positive Psychology

Objective Positive empathy (PE), a type of empathy response that focuses on a client's hidden message of desire for a better life, was hypothesized to increase the expression of positive emotions, approach goals, and strengths, and to communicate equivalent understanding when compared to traditional empathy (TE). Method We examined 4 hypotheses in 2 studies. In study 1, college participants read therapy session vignettes incorporating PE or TE and then listed the client's strengths and goals and rated the therapist and how well they imagined themselves as the client in the vignettes. In study 2, therapist–client dyads attended 6 weekly sessions that incorporated both PE and TE, after which clients rated therapists’ level of empathic understanding and session observers rated clients’ emotional responses, revelations of strengths, and goals in response to empathy. Results In both studies, the results of PE and TE were similar, while PE elicited a greater number of approach goals. In study 2, clients expressed more strengths and positive emotions after PE responses than TE. Conclusion Our results support PE for enhancing client growth (i.e., when a client pursues approach goals, enlists strengths, and experiences positive emotions), which is consistent with the process of positive psychology-informed psychotherapy
Polaron-to-Polaron Transitions in the Radio-Frequency Spectrum of a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Fermi Gas

We measure radio-frequency spectra for a two-component mixture of a $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atomic Fermi gas in a quasi-two-dimensional regime with the Fermi energy comparable to the energy level spacing in the tightly confining potential. Near the Feshbach resonance, we find that the observed resonances do not correspond to transitions between confinement-induced dimers. The spectral shifts can be fit by assuming transitions between noninteracting polaron states in two dimensions.
An exploratory analysis of the self-reported goals of individuals with chronic upper-extremity paresis following stroke

AbstractPurpose: To classify the self-identified goals of individuals post-stroke with chronic upper extremity (UE) paresis, and determine if age, UE functional capacity and pre-stroke hand dominance influence overall goal selection. Method: Sixty-five subjects participated. Using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to establish treatment goals, the top five goals were categorized using the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework into five categories: activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), leisure, work and general UE movement. A Chi-square analysis determined if age, UE functional capacity (measured by the Action Research Arm Test) and UE hand dominance influenced individual goal selection. Results: The majority of goals were in the ADL (37%) and IADL (40%) categories. A small percentage (12%) was related to general UE movement. Individuals with moderate UE functional capacity identified more ADL goals than those with higher UE functional capa...
EXPERIMENTAL VIABLE VACCINE AGAINST PULMONARY COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN MONKEYS

Converse, John L. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), Merida W. Castleberry, and Ernest M. Snyder. Experimental viable vaccine against pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in monkeys. J. Bacteriol. 86: 1041–1051. 1963.—Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) vaccinated by subcutaneous injection in the forearm with from 10 to 10 8 viable Coccidioides immitis arthrospores were protected against respiratory challenge with approximately 7000 viable arthrospores administered 6 months after vaccination. Protection was evident from: the healthy appearance throughout 4 months after respiratory challenge; negative chest X rays at 15, 30, 60, and 120 days; and only very minor histopathological pulmonary changes on autopsy at 120 days, with negative lung cultures in 80% of the animals. This was in striking contrast to the outward clinical appearance of control monkeys that were unvaccinated or had received nonviable arthrospore vaccines. These monkeys showed severe disease (loss of weight, accelerated respiration, severe coughing, general debilitation), positive X rays, massive pulmonary destruction, positive lung cultures, and death of five of nine animals. The appearance of spherules (very few in number, accompanied by very minor pathological changes) in the lungs of some of the “dissemination controls” (subcutaneous viable vaccination without respiratory challenge) indicated possible dissemination from the primary cutaneous infection, although oral transmission from the cutaneous lesions could not be ruled out. Images
Lipid composition of slash pine tissue cultures grown with lunar and earth soils.

Lipid analyses were conducted on slash pine tissues grown in culture in the presence of lunar (Apollo 15) and earth soils. Significant reductions in the total lipids, fatty acids, and sterol components were found in the tissues grown in contact with each of the soils employed when compared to the control. Tissues grown with lunar soil showed the greatest reductions. These results are discussed with respect to previous ultrastructural studies on similarly treated slash pine tissues and lipid analyses on tobacco tissue cultures.
Kinetic Mechanism and Substrate Specificity of Nitroalkane Oxidase

Abstract Nitroalkane oxidase fromFusarium oxysporumcatalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to aldehydes, transferring the electrons to oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide. The steady-state kinetic patterns have been determined with nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 1-nitropentane as substrates. In all three cases, the data fit best to a ping pong kinetic mechanism. The pH dependences of the V/K values for 1-nitropentane and phenylnitromethane show that an amino acid residue on the enzyme with a pKavalue of 6.7 must be unprotonated for activity with both substrates. A second group must be protonated for activity. The pKavalue of this group matches the pKavalues of the nitroalkanes, 9.3 with nitropropane and 6.7 with phenylnitromethane, establishing that the nitroalkane must be in the neutral rather than the anionic form for catalysis.