cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International rivers as border infrastructures: En/forcing borders in South Asia

Abstract Rivers have long been convenient yet troublesome borders. Inherently itinerant, rivers routinely defy cartographic depictions of borders as static, territorially bounded formations. Such dynamism poses material and conceptual challenges to state regulatory activities, resulting in increasingly heterodox attempts to fix waterbodies through various securitizing mechanisms. I examine the dialectical relationship between rivers and borders through the concept of the river-border complex. I ask how the Ganges River shapes the form and function of the Indo-Bangladeshi border and how, in turn, bordering practices in India regulate flows along the river, which comprises 129 km of India's border with Bangladesh. Drawing on archival records, in-person interviews, and river data, I find that the border and efforts to secure it mediate many flows along the river. The study corroborates previous work within critical border studies that securitizing cross-border flows has the perverse effect of generating greater insecurity in adjoining countries. Crucially, historical analysis of sediment, information, and human flows reveals how international rivers also determine patterns and processes of circulation and thereby warrant reconceptualization as border infrastructures, rather than as merely being subject to them.
Modelling coexisting GSF and shear instabilities in rotating stars

Zahn's widely-used model for turbulent mixing induced by rotational shear has recently been validated (with some caveats) in non-rotating shear flows. It is not clear, however, whether his model remains valid in the presence of rotation, even though this was its original purpose. Furthermore, new instabilities arise in rotating fluids, such as the Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke (GSF) instability. Which instability dominates when more than one can be excited, and how they influence each other, were open questions that this paper answers. To do so, we use direct numerical simulations of diffusive stratified shear flows in a rotating triply-periodic Cartesian domain located at the equator of a star. We find that either the GSF instability or the shear instability tends to take over the other in controlling the system, suggesting that stellar evolution models only need to have a mixing prescription for each individual instability, together with a criterion to determine which one dominates. However, we also find that it is not always easy to predict which instability "wins" for given input parameters, because the diffusive shear instability is subcritical, and only takes place if there is a finite-amplitude turbulence ``primer'' to seed it. Interestingly, we find that the GSF instability can in some cases play the role of this primer, thereby providing a pathway to excite the subcritical shear instability. This can also drive relaxation oscillations, that may be observable. We conclude by proposing a new model for mixing in the equatorial regions of stellar radiative zones due to differential rotation.
Variation in Psychotropic Medication Prescription for Adults With Schizophrenia in the United States.

Objective: Variation in prescription of psychotropic medications to patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders may underlie health inequities. Using a national U.S. Medicaid sample, the authors...
Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in donor-derived cells after sex mismatched allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities (CCA) in donor-derived cells after stem cell transplant (SCT) are typically reported in donor-derived cell neoplasms, but CCA also may reflect a constitutional abnormality in the donor or may be present in a recipient without overt hematological malignancy. We reviewed 8515 tests on 2035 patients, who had allogenic sex mismatched SCT and underwent serial cytogenetic analysis between 2006 and 2020 in our institution. A constitutional CCA was observed in 3 patients: inv(10), t(1;5), and t(13;14). A somatic CCA without overt neoplasia was detected in 12 patients: del(7q) (n = 6), del(20q) (n = 3), der(11)t(11;11) (n = 1), t(1;9) (n = 1), dup(6p)(n = 1). In this group, four patients with cytopenia had del(7q), and an association between del(7q) and an adverse overall survival (OS) was observed [HR:5.99; 95%CI 1.23–29.92). Four patients had a donor-derived cell neoplasm: myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 3) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 1), and all four neoplasms had loss of 7q. In our cohort, ∼1% of the patients (19/2,035) had CCA in donor-derived cells. Balanced constitutional CCA can pose a reproductive risk to donor. Loss of 7q is the most common somatic CCA, in donor-derived cells.
WE-EF-207-11: Energy and Depth Response of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters and Ionization Chambers in Water for Kilovoltage X-Ray Beams

Purpose: To assess the effects of changes in beam quality on detector response in the kilovoltage energy range by modulating the x-ray tube voltage and the measurement depth in water. Methods: Measurements were performed with TLD-100 and TLD-100H thermoluminescent dosimeters and an A12 farmer-type ionization chamber. To assess the energy response of the detectors, irradiations were performed at a depth of 3 cm in a custom-built thin-window water phantom using the moderately filtered x-ray beams at the UWADCL (20 kVp-250 kVp) and a Co-60 beam.The x-ray beams and detectors were modeled using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code. The model was validated by simulating dose to the collecting volume of an A12 farmer chamber and comparing it with measured A12 signal as a function of depth. Dose was tallied to each detector and to water for comparison with measurements. Simulations were used to calculate the predicted energy response, which was compared to the measured response of each detector. Dose to each detector and dose to water as a function of depth were also simulated. Results: Detector output per dose to water was found to deviate by up to 15%, 20% and 30% as a function of energy relative to Co-60 for the A12, TLD-100H and TLD-100, respectively. The EGSnrc simulations produced results similar to the measurements for ionization chambers, but discrepancies of up to 30% were observed for TLD-100H. Simulated detector response as a function of depth was found to vary by up to 3%. Conclusion: These results suggest that changes in beam quality in kilovoltage x-ray beams can have a significant impact on detector response. In-water detector response was found to differ from the previously investigated in-air response. Deviations in detector response as a function of depth were less significant, but could potentially cause dosimetric errors if ignored.
Nonsynaptic GABAergic Communication and Postnatal Neurogenesis

This chapter argues for the view that intercellular γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling between neural stem cells and neuronal precursors in the subventricular zone (SVZ), also called subependymal zone (1), is critical for controlling postnatal neurogenesis, and that nonsynaptic communication between SVZ cells displays characteristics of that between cells of neuron-glial networks elsewhere in the brain. GABA plays an important signaling role in developmental processes, such as embryonic cell proliferation (2,3), migration (4, 5, 6, 7, 8), and differentiation (9, 10, 11, 12). The function of GABA on the various developmental stages has been the subject of many reviews (13, 14, 15, 16, 17). This chapter will focus on the signaling function of GABA in postnatal neurogenesis in the SVZ (18, 19, 20). The cellular architecture of the SVZ and the GABAergic system will be described. Although no anatomically defined synaptic contacts have been observed, local GABAergic signaling between SVZ stem cells and neuronal precursors, or between neuronal precursors, exists and is thought to maintain a balance between the production and mobilization of SVZ precursors.
Some important aspects in testing high-modulus fiber composite tubes in axial tension.

Tubular specimens were potted in metal grips to determine the feasibility of this gripping method in applying multiaxial loads. Strain gage rosettes were used to assess grip transitional strains, through thickness strain variation, and strain variations along the tube length and circumference. The investigation was limited to loading graphite/epoxy and glass/epoxy tubes in axial tension. Results include modifications made to the grips to reduce transitional strains, illustrations of the tube failure modes, and some material properties. The gripping concept shows promise as a satisfactory technique for applying multiaxial loads to high-strength, high-modulus fiber composite tubes.
Status of Mexican Trucks in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions

This report answers frequently asked questions regarding the current plan to permit Mexican trucks into the United States.
Some Challenges Facing Virtually Colocated Teams

Numerous challenges face geographically distributed teams who are expected to perform as physically colocated teams: to provide deliverables, meet project schedules, and to generate feasible and even innovative problem solutions—all from a distance. Limitations due to technology and distance make it difficult for geographically distributed teams to develop necessary social processes in order to function as a “well-formed” team. This paper discusses three challenges for these teams, based on results of an empirical study of virtually colocated teams, along with a reexamination of past empirical studies. These challenges are: (1) achieving a high standard of participation, which affects impressions, interaction patterns, and trust; (2) developing an appropriate culture, for motivation and cooperation; and (3) integrating the remote team suitably into members’ local working spheres. In the conclusion, future research directions and technology requirements to help meet these challenges are discussed.
A survey of refugee health assessments in the United States.

We conducted a survey among nine geographically dispersed, large metropolitan refugee health programs to estimate the number of U.S. refugee arrivals during 1997 and 1998, the number receiving health assessments, and the percentage of sites offering health services. The nine sites received an estimated 40% of all U.S. refugee arrivals during the study period. Of these refugees, 76% received a health assessment. The completeness of health assessments, including services offered, varied by site; some services were provided by the private sector. Most sites offered services for infectious diseases and vaccinations. While 78% of the sites offered mental health care, but only 33% actually performed mental status examinations. These statistics show that such health services need to be provided on a broader basis and possibly reflect a need to address cultural and language barriers that might be preventing their delivery to this diverse population.
On the impulsive blocking of a vortex jet

In this paper we consider the flow field within and around a vortex as it ‘collides’ with a thin plate at a right angle to its axis of rotation. We show that based solely on inviscid flow theory, vorticity in the core of the vortex is redistributed significantly. The main cause of this redistribution is the presence of axial flow within the vortex; we call this vortical structure which contains axial flow a vortex–jet. In this work we show that when the axial velocity within the vortex is toward the plate, vorticity is redistributed radially outward from the core resulting in a significant reduction in the axial vorticity there; the vortex is said to ‘bulge’ reflecting an increase in the nominal vortex core radius. A by-product of this interaction is that the suction peak amplitude caused by the presence of the vortex rapidly decreases and the pressure soon returns to a quasi-steady distribution. On the other hand, when the axial velocity within the vortex is directed away from the surface, the suction peak persists and the vortex core radius decreases. The numerical results were validated by comparison with an analytical solution for a sinusoidal vortex jet. Analytical solutions were also derived for the initial and final states of a pure jet; the numerical results are strongly supported by the analysis. In addition, all of these results are consistent with experiments, and their relevance to the interaction between a tip vortex and a helicopter airframe is also discussed.
Number of Siblings and Participation in Voluntary Associations

While demographers have long been concerned with population increases, recent significant declines in fertility also warrant concern. So far, however, most researchers have focused on the causes of lower fertility rather than its consequences. This study makes a theoretical contribution by proposing a new conceptual framework, which suggests that growing up with fewer siblings is associated with more participation in voluntary associations. Using General Social Survey (GSS) from the US, the relationship between sibship size and participation in voluntary associations is empirically tested. It is found that there is a negative relationship between sibship size and participation in voluntary associations among American adults who have at least four siblings. These findings have implications for researchers who seek a better understanding of the consequences of declining sibship size, not only in the US but also in Europe. Specifically, these results have implications for several countries in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe, regions that have experienced ‘the lowest-low fertility’ in the last two decades.
Solving the Grad–Shafranov equation with spectral elements

Abstract The development of a generalized two dimensional MHD equilibrium solver within the nimrod framework [Sovinec, et al., J. Comput. Phys. 195 (2004) 355] is discussed. Spectral elements are used to represent the poloidal plane. To permit the generation of spheromak and other compact equilibria, special consideration is given to ensure regularity at the geometric axis ( R = 0 ) . The scalar field Λ = ψ / R 2 is used as the dependent variable to express the Grad–Shafranov operator as a total divergence. With the correct gauge, regularity along the geometric axis is satisfied. The convergence properties of the spectral elements are investigated by comparing numerically generated equilibria against known analytic solutions . Equilibria accurate to double precision error are generated with sufficient resolution. Depending on the equilibrium, either geometric or algebraic convergence is observed as the polynomial degree of the spectral-element basis is increased.
Variable inhibition of iron uptake by oat phytosiderophore in five soybean cultivars

Abstract Iron‐efficient Coker 227 oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch.) releases a phytosiderophore in response to Fe‐deficiency stress to solubilize Fe. In previous studies, Fe‐inefficient fefe muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) and T3238fer tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were able to obtain Fe from phytosiderophore released by Coker 227 oat, while T203 soybean (Gfycine max (L.) Merr.) could not. Could this inability to obtain Fe from phytosiderophore be associated with T203 soybean's severe Fe inefficiency or could it be universal in soybean? This study was conducted to determine whether five soybean cultivars with varying Fe‐efficiency ratings possess the ability to utilize Fe from a phytosiderophore released by Coker 227 oat. These soybean cultivars were grown in either the presence or absence of oat in a buffered, modified Steinberg solution with 1.2 mg L‐1 Fe. None of the soybean cultivars exhibited increased Fe uptake when phytosiderophore was present in solution, although A7 and Dawson soybean (the most...
Wavelength Selection in Macular Photocoagulation: Tissue Optics, Thermal Effects, and Laser Systems

The therapeutic effects of macular photocoagulation result from focal heating of the retina and choroid. The magnitude, spatial extent, and duration of temperature increases produced by laser exposures are influenced by light scattering in intraocular and intraretinal transit; light absorption by melanin, hemoglobin, and xanthophyll in target tissues; and beam parameters, such as wavelength, spot size, and exposure duration. Tissue optics and thermodynamics provide a useful guide for selecting new laser systems of potential value in macular photocoagulation, but laser-tissue interactions and subsequent chorioretinal responses are poorly understood, and therapeutic efficacy can be established only by controlled clinical trials.
Combined effect of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate stimulating agents, vitamin E succinate, and heat on the survival of murine B-16 melanoma cells in culture.

An elevation of the intracellular level of cAMP by 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (RO20-1724) during heat treatment (41°C for 10 hours) markedly reduced the survival of murine B-16 melanoma cells in culture; however, heat alone or RO20-1724 treatment at 37°C for 10 hours was ineffective. D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (vitamin E succinate), which did not increase cAMP level, reduced the survival of heated cells to a greater degree than with vitamin E succinate alone. The presence of vitamin E succinate for the entire experimental period (during heat and observation period) was necessary for this effect. RO20-1724 in combination with vitamin E succinate was more effective in reducing the survival of heated cells than the individual agents. Although prostaglandin (PG) A2 did not increase cAMP level in melanoma cells, it decreased the survival of heated cells when present during heat treatment. Other forms of PG such as PGE, and PGFk were ineffective. The combination of RO20-1724 with two non-CAMP stimulating agents, PGAl and vitamin E succinate, decreased the survival of heated cells by about 94% of control. These results suggest that the heat sensitivity of melanoma cells can be increased by CAMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cancer 62:949-953, 1988. EAT ALONE or in combination with radiation and H chemicals has been extensively used in the treatment of animal and human tumors. '-I9 Occasionally, the combination of heat and radiation has produced dramatic results in the local treatment of some types of ~ancer.~,~,'~,'~ The mechanisms of heat sensitivity remain poorly understood. Some of the factors that appear to modify heat sensitivity include intracellular pH5,20 and energy metab~lism.~'-~~ A recent study suggests that sodium butyrate during heat treatment induces thermotolerance in HeLa cells. '' Recently, we have shown that the heat sensitivity of murine neuroblastoma cells can be enhanced by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (CAMP)-dependent and -independent mechanism^.^^,^^ The relevance of this observation for other transformed cells has not been established. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a cAMP stimulating agent and two non-CAMP stimulating agents on the heat
Schistosoma mansoni: radioautography of colchicine's effect on [3H]proline incorporation into adults in vitro.

Abstract Adult Schistosoma mansoni were studied radioautographically in order to ascertain the effect of exposures to a fixed concentration of colchicine (5 × 10 −4 M ) for varying time intervals upon the incorporation of [ 3 H]proline in the tegument. Additionally, a study was made on the effect of varying time exposures of colchicine on the cytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in the tegumental invaginations. Worms exposed to colchicine for more than 2 hr preceding addition of the labeled amino acid displayed significant changes in the pattern of distribution. The most profound change was noted in the male tegument where a statistically significant decrease was observed in treated worms. Female worms, on the other hand, failed to display any effect of the drug on the distribution pattern for the times utilized. The distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity was much reduced in the teguments of both sexes. Morphological effects of the drug included disappearance of microtubules from the cytoplasmic connectives, a stacking of RER in the subtegumental cells, and accumulation of discoid granules and membranous bodies in the subtegumental cells. It is hypothesized that the amino acid is associated with the discoid granule at the subtegumental cell level and is ultimately translocated, with the aid of microtubules in the cytoplasmic connectives, to the tegument. Alkaline phosphatase activity is assumed to be associated with the membranous body.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Catabolism Driving Metabolism

The pandemic of obesity is transforming industrialized societies. Presently, more than one-third of U.S. adults (≈80 million) are obese, predisposing them to a wide range of disorders. Chief among them is type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indeed, diabetes affects over 300 million people worldwide, and this number is expected to continue to grow.1 In the US alone, diabetes affects 29 million people, accounting for an enormous burden to both individuals and our healthcare infrastructure.2
Combining Abuse and Neglect Investigations With Intensive Family Preservation Services: An Innovative Approach to Protecting Children:

Objective: Evaluate an experimental model for enhancing child protective service (CPS) investigations by teaming CPS investigators with family preservation services (FPS) caseworkers. Method: Using...
The influence of resuscitation preferences on obstetrical management of periviable deliveries

The influence of resuscitation preferences on obstetrical management of periviable deliveries
Urease Activity in Bovine Feces

Abstract The objectives were to measure the urease activity of bovine feces as affected by urea concentration, temperature, and pH and to determine if such activity predicts urea decomposition in urine-feces mixtures. Urease activity was measured with urea solutions and fresh bovine feces. Michaelis-Menten kinetics described the variation in the activity of feces as a function of urea concentration. Maximum activity and the Michaelis constant increased with temperature between 10 and 40° C in an Arrhenius manner with activation energies of 12,840 and 11,800 cal/ g-mole, respectively. Maximum urease activity occurred between pH 6.8 and 7.6. On both sides of this range, activity decreased linearly with pH. Urea decomposition in urine-feces mixtures with time was predicted reasonably by urease activity of feces. Greater than 95% urea decomposition in urine on a typical freestall barn floor should occur within 6h at 30°C and within 24h at 10°C. Thus, nitrogen losses from dairy manure (urine plus feces) of up to 50% of total nitrogen are possible in a barn scraped once daily.
The Macroglobulin Antibody Response in Experimental Trichinosis

immunoglobulin classes represented in this response. Antibody in sera from human cases, as measured by bentonite flocculation and fluorescent antibody tests, has been reported to be in the macroglobulin fraction (I. G. Kagan, personal communication). In a previous study we demonstrated a relatively high proportion of IgM-containing cells in the lymphoid tissues of the rabbit during infection with this helminth and the presence of antibody in both IgM and IgG immunoglobulin classes (Crandall et al, 1967). Because antibodies belonging to different immunoglobulin classes have different biological properties which may be of significance in acquired immunity and hypersensitivity reactions (Cohen and Porter, 1964), further study of the immunoglobulin classes of antibody in this infection have been conducted. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine particularly the IgiI antibody response in experimental trichinella infections of the rabbit.
Antimonide-Based Heterostructure p-Channel MOSFETs With Ni-Alloy Source/Drain

In this letter, we study the formation and electrical properties of Ni-GaSb alloys by direct reaction of Ni with GaSb. It is found that several properties of Ni-antimonide alloys, including low thermal budget processing (300°C), low Schottky barrier height for holes (~0.1 eV), low sheet resistance of Ni-InGaSb (53 Ω/\square), and low specific contact resistivity (7.6×10)-7Ω cm2), show good progress toward antimonide-based metal source/drain (S/D) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. Devices with a self-aligned metal S/D were demonstrated, in which heterostructure design is adopted to further improve the performance, e.g., ON/OFF ratio , subthreshold swing (140 mV/decade), and high effective-field hole mobility of ~510 cm2/Vs at sheet charge density of 2×1012 cm-2.
Shotgun proteomics of Methanococcus jannaschii and insights into methanogenesis.

Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from an oceanic hydrothermal vent. Its primary pathway for energy production is methanogenesis from H2 and CO2. High-t...
Early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico: A review

Knowledge of early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico is limited because of poor geographic records of type localities and lack of published re-examination of these mollusks and their stratigraphic relations. All published unequivocal early Tertiary records of Mollusca in New Mexico are from the Nacimiento (Paleocene) and San Jose (Eocene) Formations of northwestern Sandoval County. The five reported Nacimiento localities are probably Torrejonian (middle Paleocene), although a Puercan (early Paleocene) age for two of the localities cannot be ruled out. Nacimiento species include (* indicates species known only from type locality): Unio whitei ? Henderson, Holospira grangeri Cockerell*, Pupa leidyi ? Meek, Polygyra ? petrochlora Cockerell*, Oreohelix nacimientensis (White), O. n. steini Cockerell*, Helix adipis White*, H. chriacorum Cockerell*, Viviparus meeki Wenz, V. . cf. V. conradi (Meek and Hayden), and Lioplacodes tenuicarinata ? (Meek and Hayden). The reported occurrence of Helix hesperarche Cockerell in New Mexico is doubtful. The one reported San Jose locality is middle Wasatchian (middle early Eocene) in age. San Jose species include (* indicates species known only from type locality): Viviparus calamodontis (Cockerell)*, and Goniobasis carteri Conrad. Nonmarine mollusks from the Raton Formation in Colfax County and Ringbone Formation of southern Gran County may be of Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. The Raton and Ringbone mollusks are not temporally diagnostic, but do indicate a nonmarine environment for the enclosing sediments.
Henry David Thoreau's “slavery in Massachusetts”

(1972). Henry David Thoreau's “slavery in Massachusetts”. Western Speech: Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 159-168.
Steroid receptor expression in the fish inner ear varies with sex, social status, and reproductive state

Background: Gonadal and stress-related steroid hormones are known to influence auditory function across vertebrates but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for steroid-mediated auditory plasticity at the level of the inner ear remain unknown. The presence of steroid receptors in the ear suggests a direct pathway for hormones to act on the peripheral auditory system, but little is known about which receptors are expressed in the ear or whether their expression levels change with internal physiological state or external social cues. We used qRT-PCR to measure mRNA expression levels of multiple steroid receptor subtypes (estrogen receptors: ERα, ERβa, ERβb; androgen receptors: ARα, ARβ; corticosteroid receptors: GR2, GR1a/b, MR) and aromatase in the main hearing organ of the inner ear (saccule) in the highly social African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, and tested whether these receptor levels were correlated with circulating steroid concentrations. Results: We show that multiple steroid receptor subtypes are expressed within the main hearing organ of a single vertebrate species, and that expression levels differ between the sexes. We also show that steroid receptor subtypespecific changes in mRNA expression are associated with reproductive phase in females and social status in males. Sexsteroid receptor mRNA levels were negatively correlated with circulating estradiol and androgens in both males and females, suggesting possible ligand down-regulation of receptors in the inner ear. In contrast, saccular changes in corticosteroid receptor mRNA levels were not related to serum cortisol levels. Circulating steroid levels and receptor subtype mRNA levels were not as tightly correlated in males as compared to females, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms between sexes. Conclusions: This is the most comprehensive study of sex-, social-, and reproductive-related steroid receptor mRNA expression in the peripheral auditory system of any single vertebrate. Our data suggest that changes in steroid receptor mRNA expression in the inner ear could be a regulatory mechanism for physiological state-dependent auditory plasticity across vertebrates.
LAAC: A Location-Aware Access Control Protocol

With the proliferation of wireless communication technologies and mobile computing devices, research interest has grown for location-aware systems and services. We propose LAAC, a novel Location-Aware Access Control protocol based on a coarsely defined location area that is enclosed by overlapping areas of multiple access points. Accordingly, a location key for location claim is derived from the overlapping access points' beacon information. In addition, the fact that a mobile device derives the location key enables us to track the location of the mobile device. LAAC does not require additional hardwares such as GPS or ultrasonic devices in order to localize the mobile devices. We enumerate possible attacks to the system and analyze their countermeasures. The computational and communicational costs and the memory requirement are evaluated, and the simulation results are presented.
Entropy of shift maps of the pseudo-arc

Abstract In this paper we show that if f : I → I is a map such that the inverse limit space, P = lim ← { I , f } i = 1 ∞ is the pseudo-arc, then the entropy of f and hence the entropy of the shift map f ˆ is either 0 or infinite.
CONKUB: A conversational path-follower for systems of nonlinear equations

Abstract We describe an interactive computer program to trace solutions of systems of nonlinear algebraic equations and illustrate its application to solve several difficult problems. Turning points and bifurcations are located and solution branches are identified and traced interactively. Of special interest is its application to study solutions of large, sparse systems of non-linear equations that result from the discretization of boundary value problems. Such systems arise in the description of physical, biological, and chemical phenomena. As an example, we show a model of urine formation in the mammalian kidney [13], where path-following in a subspace makes tracing the solution surface possible.
Resolution of DNA polymerase-α-primase complex and primase free

DNA Polymerase-α from embryonic chicken brain was resolved on DEAE-cellulose into 3 comPonent activities that remained distinct uPon rechromatograPhy. Product formation by each activity required exogenously added temPlate-Primer DNA, all 4 deoxynucleoside triPhosPhates, and a divalent metal cation. Each form incorPorated [3H]-dTTP or [3H]-dCTP into a high molecular weight Product that was identified as DNA by its chromatograPhic behavior and its sensitivity to DNase. High ionic strength, N-ethylmaleimide, and the Polymerase-α-sPecific inhibitor aPhidicolin inhibited each activity; the aPParentK i value of aPhidicolin was 3.0 μM in each case. Based on these results, the 3 activities were identified as multiPle forms of DNA Polymerase-α . ExPeriments using embryonic chicken brains of various ages indicated that Polymerase-α1, and Polymerase-α3 reached maximal activity in 9-day-old embryos, while Polymerase-α2 activity was elevated at a slightly later develoPmental stage. Using Poly (dC) as temPlate, high Primase activity was detected in Polymerase-α1, fractions.
What is the most appropriate energy source for aortic cusp ablation? A comparison of standard RF, cooled-tip RF and cryothermal ablation

Certain tachycardias can be eliminated by catheter ablation from within the base of the aortic valve (AV) cusps but the high blood flow and proximity to the coronary arteries create unique challenges. Standard radiofrequency (RF) energy, cooled-tip RF energy or cryothermal energy were compared to determine the optimal ablation modality. Experiments were conducted using adult swine or goats (15 animals). Ablation lesions were placed using either: temperature-controlled RF (4 mm-tip catheter; 60°C/60 s), cooled-tip RF (4 mm-tip catheter with internal saline circulation at 0.6 ml/s; 40°C/60 s), or cryoablation (6 mm-tip spot cryocatheter; <−75°C/4 min). Animals were sacrificed 1 h after the last application and lesions were subject to pathological analysis. Standard RF and cryoablation created similar depth lesions in the right coronary cusp (4.2±1.3 and 3.4±0.5 mm, respectively) but cryoablation was unable to create any visible lesions in the non-coronary cusp. Cooled tip ablation created larger ablation lesions in the right coronary cusp (5.25±0.5) and fully transmural left atrial ablation lesions after ablation in the noncoronary cusp. Acute damage to the cusps was not noted with any ablation modality. Disruption of elastic fibers in the aortic media was seen after standard and cooled tip radiofrequency ablation but not cryoablation. Cryoablation within the AV cusps created similar sized lesions to standard RF ablation without evidence of elastic fibre disruption and may therefore be an appropriate first line ablation modality. Cooled-tip ablation created larger ablation lesions and therefore may be required if cryoablation is ineffective.
Rethinking Geographies of Assimilation

This commentary argues for a reconsideration of the concept of assimilation in geographical research. Whereas critics of assimilation theory have often misrepresented assimilation research, those working within the assimilation framework have seldom explored societal understandings of “sameness.” This commentary advocates that geographers look at assimilation not only in terms of spatial patterns but also in terms of the discursive and material practices through which dominant and subordinate groups negotiate the terms of social membership. The need to arrive at a richer understanding of assimilation becomes more pressing as the assimilability of migrants becomes an increasingly salient topic of debate.
The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche

The stem cell niche provides a supportive microenvironment to maintain adult stem cells in their undifferentiated state. Adhesion between adult stem cells and niche cells or the local basement membrane ensures retention of stem cells in the niche environment. Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) attach to somatic hub cells, a component of their niche, through E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions, and orient their centrosomes toward these localized junctional complexes to carry out asymmetric divisions. Here we show that the transmembrane receptor tyrosine phosphatase Leukocyte-antigen-related-like (Lar), which is best known for its function in axonal migration and synapse morphogenesis in the nervous system, helps maintain GSCs at the hub by promoting E-cadherin-based adhesion between hub cells and GSCs. Lar is expressed in GSCs and early spermatogonial cells and localizes to the hub-GSC interface. Loss of Lar function resulted in a reduced number of GSCs at the hub. Lar function was required cell-autonomously in germ cells for proper localization of Adenomatous polyposis coli 2 and E-cadherin at the hub-GSC interface and for the proper orientation of centrosomes in GSCs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that in Lar mutants the adherens junctions between hub cells and GSCs lack the characteristic dense staining seen in wild-type controls. Thus, the Lar receptor tyrosine phosphatase appears to polarize and retain GSCs through maintenance of localized E-cadherin-based adherens junctions.
ACUTTE THROMBOCYTOSIS IN AMBUTATORY PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

With the wide use of electronic blood counters which provide accurate platelet counts (PC), thrombocytosis is being observed frequently. We studied the frequency and the clinical and laboratory associations of high PC (>500k/mm3) in ambulatory pediatric patients. All PC performed during 1985 on children seen in our ER and primary care center were retrieved from the Hospital's clinical laboratory computer. Patients with Hb SS and Kawasaki diseases were excluded from analysis. 108 of 824 (13.1%) P.C. were >500k/mm3; 18 (2%) were >700k/mm3. Clinical and laboratory data from the high PC group (>500k/mm3) were compared with a randomly selected group of patients with normal PC (200-250k/mm3). Compared to the normal PC group, the high PC group was more frequently diagnosed as having “infection”; had significantly higher white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts and higher ESR (p<0.001). High PC was also significantly more frequently associated with age <2 years (p<0.001). This study indicates that thrombocytosis is frequent in pediatric ambulatory patients. The significant association of high PC with “infection” - both bacterial and viral - suggests that platelets are an acute phase reactant, especially in children <2 yrs.old. These high PC are transient. No adverse thrombotic conseguences were recognized, even in children with PC <700k/mm3, and so no treatment is indicated.
The benefits of nearby nature for elderly apartment residents.

Few studies have examined the potential value of nearby nature for elderly adults. In the current study, elderly residents of two apartment complexes were interviewed about the availability of and ...
EFFECT OF FREE STREAM TURBULENCE ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER FROM A SPHERE

Abstract A model has been proposed for the momentum eddy diffusivity induced by free stream turbulence intensity. The eddy diffusivity model is applied to a sphere situated in a uniform crossflow in the presence of free stream turbulence. Numerical solution of the governing momentum and energy equations with the proposed eddy diffusivity model yielded results for the heat/mass transfer rates. The numerical predictions of the present work are compared with experimental data and the agreement between the two is seen to be very good.
Comparison of haplotypes of the major histocompatibility complex in the rat. II. Serological analysis of the haplotypes H-1a (Ag-B4), H-1d (Ag-B9) and H-1f (Ag-B10).

SUMMARY The strongly cross-reacting haplotypes of the inbred strains DA, ACI, ACP, MR, BD V and AS2, and of the congenic lines LEW.1A, LEW.1D and LEW. 1F, were explored. All of these inbred strains and these congenic lines type with anti-Ag-B4 antisera raised against the DA strain, which behaved as operationally mono-specific in previously reported studies of the eight currently defined Ag-B haplotypes. Serological analyses showed that this cross-reactivity was due to antibodies against public antigenic specificities which were not previously recognized as being in the anti-Ag-B4 antisera, due to the fact that the LEW.1D and LEW. 1F animals were not available for testing. With the use of appropriate antisera and of absorption studies, two haplotypes in the H-1 system were found not to have been previously identified in the Ag-B system. The animals carrying the H-1d haplotype (MR, BD V and LEW.1D) have been designated as Ag-B9, and those carrying the H-1f haplotype (AS2 and LEW.1F) have been designated as Ag-B10. With the proper absorptions, an anti-Ag-B4 antiserum can be prepared which reacts only with the DA, ACI and ACP strains, and it will henceforth be used as the operationally mono-specific Ag-B4 typing reagent. A variety of typing experiments showed that the results using antisera raised in Pittsburgh and in Prague and using the Ficoll and dextran haemagglutination methods were the same.
Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) abundance in brains of suckling and adult rats: a quantitative electron microscopic immunogold study.

Transcellular transport of energy substrates across the vascular endothelial cells of the brain is accomplished by integral membrane carrier proteins, such as the glucose transporter GLUT1 and the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. The abundance of these proteins may vary depending on age and nutritional status. In this study we compared the expression of MCT1 in cerebral cortex of suckling and adult rats to determine whether the former, which use considerably more monocarboxylates such as lactate and ketone bodies as fuel than do older rats, correspondingly express more MCT1 than adults. Using electron microscopic immunogold methods, we found that 17-day old suckling rat pups had 25 times more MCT1 labeling in the membranes of capillary endothelial cells than adults. This transporter was nearly equally distributed in luminal and abluminal membranes with less than 10% of the immunogold particles in the endothelial cytoplasmic compartment. The suckling rats also had 15 times more immunogold particles associated with pericyte membranes and 19 times heavier labeling of membranes associated with astrocytic end feet adjacent to microvessels. Neuropil and choroid plexus were lightly labeled. Some MCT1-positive astrocyte and neuron cell bodies were observed, suggesting active synthesis of MCT1 by these cells. The potential for regulation of expression of MCTs by dietary or other factors may have important consequences for the progression and treatment of cerebrovascular disorders and other diseases.
An Accessible Method for Implementing Hierarchical Models with Spatio-Temporal Abundance Data

A common goal in ecology and wildlife management is to determine the causes of variation in population dynamics over long periods of time and across large spatial scales. Many assumptions must nevertheless be overcome to make appropriate inference about spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, such as autocorrelation among data points, excess zeros, and observation error in count data. To address these issues, many scientists and statisticians have recommended the use of Bayesian hierarchical models. Unfortunately, hierarchical statistical models remain somewhat difficult to use because of the necessary quantitative background needed to implement them, or because of the computational demands of using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms to estimate parameters. Fortunately, new tools have recently been developed that make it more feasible for wildlife biologists to fit sophisticated hierarchical Bayesian models (i.e., Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, ‘INLA’). We present a case study using two important game species in North America, the lesser and greater scaup, to demonstrate how INLA can be used to estimate the parameters in a hierarchical model that decouples observation error from process variation, and accounts for unknown sources of excess zeros as well as spatial and temporal dependence in the data. Ultimately, our goal was to make unbiased inference about spatial variation in population trends over time.
Neuroimaging data sharing on the neuroinformatics database platform

Abstract We describe the Neuroinformatics Database (NiDB), an open-source database platform for archiving, analysis, and sharing of neuroimaging data. Data from the multi-site projects Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), Bipolar–Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes parts one and two (B–SNIP1, B–SNIP2), and Monetary Incentive Delay task (MID) are available for download from the public instance of NiDB, with more projects sharing data as it becomes available. As demonstrated by making several large datasets available, NiDB is an extensible platform appropriately suited to archive and distribute shared neuroimaging data.
Age-dependent association of isolated bovine lens multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteasome) with heat-shock protein 90, an endogenous inhibitor.

Abstract The multicatalytic proteinase complex (MPC) (proteasome) is a high-molecular-weight proteolytic enzyme found in eukaryotic cells and archaebacteria. Regulatory proteins that inhibit or activate the MPC have been described. Association with an ATPase complex alters the specificity of the multicatalytic proteinase complex to permit cleavage of ubiquitinylated proteins. Unidentified proteins have been observed in highly purified preparations of the multicatalytic proteinase complex. Based on immunoreactivity and N-terminal sequencing, we have identified heat-shock protein 90 as a major component of the multicatalytic proteinase complex prepared from 1-month, but not 2-year bovine lenses. α-Crystallin, a lens structural protein with chaperone activity, is also found in multicatalytic proteinase complex preparations. Both heat-shock protein 90 and α-crystallin inhibit hydrolysis of Cbz-Leu-Leu-Leu-MCA by the multicatalytic proteinase complex at a stoichiometry of 1 mol heat-shock protein per mole of MPC. Heat-shock proteins may interact with denatured proteins and facilitate their degradation. These studies give evidence for the involvement of heat-shock proteins in proteolysis by direct interaction with the multicatalytic proteinase complex.
English Reading Effects of Small‐Group Intensive Intervention in Spanish for K–1 English Learners

In this article we report small, but statistically significant, effects of brief supplemental instruction on English reading by Spanish-speaking kindergartners (N = 37) who performed poorly on a bilingual battery of phonological-processing tasks. Intervention design was compatible with the Reading First initiative and with research on use of multitiered intervention strategies for preventing reading failure among young monolingual students (e.g., L. S. Fuchs & Vaughn, 2003). We describe a Core Intervention Model (CIM) comprised of specific instructional behaviors that teachers might easily learn and employ regardless of curriculum, and discuss implications of our findings for building multitiered preventative instruction for young English learners.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Dimethylphosphinsäure und Einiger Ihrer Derivate

Dimethylphosphinsaure kann man nach einem einfachen Verfahren aus der Verbindung [(CH3)2PS]2 herstellen. Einige ihrer Derivate werden beschrieben und das Polymerisationsverhalten einiger ungesattigter Derivate untersucht.
Reproducibility of Intracardiac and Transpulmonary Biomarkers in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension

Intracardiac and transpulmonary levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) provide insight into the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to left-heart failure but have not been evaluated in established or suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Demonstrating adequate reproducibility of these markers is an important precursor to further study. We hypothesized that the reproducibility of intracardiac and transpulmonary NPs and cGMP is similar to the reproducibility of these markers sampled from the peripheral venous circulation. In outpatients undergoing right-heart catheterization for PH, blood samples were obtained from a peripheral venous site, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge position. At each site, a repeat sample was collected approximately 60 seconds after the initial measurement. Reproducibility was assessed using the slope of the regression line between initial and follow-up levels. We enrolled 10 patients: Six had PAH, two had pulmonary venous hypertension, and two had normal pulmonary pressure. At all sites, the slopes of the regression lines for BNP were close to identity. BNP was generally more reproducible than NT-pro-BNP. For the NPs and cGMP, reproducibility at intracardiac and transpulmonary sites was similar to the peripheral venous site. Reproducibility of NPs was not influenced by PH severity, access site, or time between measurements. The two patients with the highest transpulmonary pressure gradients had high transpulmonary BNP uptake, but their transpulmonary cGMP gradients were negative. In patients evaluated for PH, reproducibility of NPs and cGMP at intracardiac and transpulmonary sites is high and is comparable to that of peripheral venous measurements.