cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ca2+ entry through TRPC1 channels contributes to intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and consequent glutamate release from rat astrocytes

Astrocytes can respond to a variety of stimuli by elevating their cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and can in turn release glutamate to signal adjacent neurons. The majority of this Ca2+ is derived from internal stores while a portion also comes from outside of the cell. Astrocytes use Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels to refill their internal stores. Therefore, we investigated what role this store-operated Ca2+ entry plays in astrocytic Ca2+ responses and subsequent glutamate release. Astrocytes express canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels that have been implicated in mediating store-operated Ca2+ entry. Here, we show that astrocytes in culture and freshly isolated astrocytes from visual cortex express TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5. Indirect immunocytochemistry reveals that these proteins are present throughout the cell; the predominant expression of functionally tested TRPC1, however, is on the plasma membrane. Labeling in freshly isolated astrocytes reveals changes in TRPC expression throughout development. Using an antibody against TRPC1 we were able to block the function of TRPC1 channels and determine their involvement in mechanically and agonist-evoked Ca2+ entry in cultured astrocytes. Blocking TRPC1 was also found to reduce mechanically induced Ca2+-dependent glutamate release. These data indicate that Ca2+ entry through TRPC1 channels contributes to Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes and the consequent glutamate release from these cells.
Teaching A Raisin in the Sun: Literature and Life

(1989). Teaching A Raisin in the Sun: Literature and Life. College Teaching: Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 83-85.
Cindy Sheehan and the Rhetoric of Motherhood: A Textual Analysis

Through her peace work, Cindy Sheehan helped bolster the U.S. antiwar movement. Relying on her identity as the mother of a soldier who was slain during active duty in Iraq, Sheehan captured the media spotlight through increasingly outspoken and public ways that include the sit-ins she staged outside of President George W. Bush’s ranch in Crawford, Texas, and the “Open Letter to George Bush” she published in November 2004. In this essay, I examine the rhetoric surrounding Sheehan’s peace activism and attend to the ways in which the rhetoric hinges on conflicting views about war, motherhood, and activism. Maternal activism is certainly not a new phenomenon. However, media coverage of Sheehan provides ample evidence of the constantly shifting nature of definitions of “good” and “bad” mothering in early twenty-first-century America. Through an examination of Sheehan’s own book, Peace Mom , and a book written to counter it, American Mourning by Catherine Moy and Melanie Morgan, I demonstrate the central role that discourses of motherhood play in Sheehan’s ability to craft a maternal politics of peace.
Oral Narrative Skills of Late Talkers at Ages 8 and 9

This study compared the oral narrative skills of 31 school-aged children diagnosed at 24 to 31 months with expressive language delay (late talkers) with those of 23 typically developing peers. Based upon an extensively studied picture-book task, Frog, Where are You?, narratives were elicited from all participants both at age 8 and age 9. At age 9, children were asked to tell the story again and to increase their references to evaluative information (characters' emotions, character speech, and causal explanations of events; “supported” telling condition). Groups were compared on Syntax, Story Grammar, Cohesion, and Evaluative Information factor scores derived from the narrative measures. Children with histories of early language delay obtained lower Syntax, Story Grammar, and Evaluative Information factor scores than typically developing peers for each of their three narrative productions. The late talkers scored in the average range at age 8 on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Revised (CELF-R), but their scores were significantly lower than those of the comparison peers. When the group differences on the Story Grammar factor were reanalyzed with the CELF-R score as a covariate, the late talkers demonstrated weaknesses in story grammar skills independent of the variance accounted for by their weaker general language skills. This suggests that the use of narrative structure may be a specific area of underachievement for late talkers, in addition to their continuing weakness in syntactic and lexical abilities, relative to typically developing peers from the same SES background.
A method of approximating stiffness matrices for some pseudodifferential equations

Abstract Most of the entries of stiffness matrices that arise in spline and FE solution of pseudo-differential equations do not include singular integrals, while a few do. The former can be approximated with a variety of techniques including numerical integration and asymptotic formulas. In the present paper we show how to avoid evaluating singular integrals once nonsingular entries have been computed. This approach works in conjunction with Galerkin or least squares uniform spline or FE approximation in solving homogeneous pseudodifferential equations.
Polyamorphic transitions in yttria–alumina liquids

Abstract There has been much recent discussion given to the phenomenon of polyamorphism where distinct, different states of amorphous liquids and solids are observed as a function of density. Underlying this phenomenon is the possibility of a first order liquid–liquid phase transition driven by the density and entropy differences between the two amorphous phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of aluminate glasses containing 32–20 mol% Y2O3 has enabled characterisation of the thermodynamic differences between the high and low density amorphous phases. The DSC measurements show a glass transition temperature with onset at 1135 K. The width and the magnitude of jump in heat capacity at this glass transition indicates an extremely fragile liquid, that is there is a pronounced non-Arrhennian viscosity-temperature relation. There are two additional features of interest. A second glass transition at 1300 K is attributed to the low-density liquid (LDA) more stable at low temperature. This low-density liquid has a more Arrhenian viscosity temperature curve. A strong exothermic signal is seen between the two glass transitions and represents the transition between the supercooled, high-density liquid (HDA) and a low-density glass. Neutron scattering data suggest that the polyamorphic transition is accompanied by minor changes in the aluminate framework and more prominent changes in the local environment surrounding the yttrium ion, seen as an increase in the first neighbor yttrium-oxygen distance.
Microsatellite primers in Agave utahensis (Asparagaceae), a keystone species in the Mojave Desert and Colorado Plateau.

Premise of the study: Utah agave (Agave utahensis) and its putative subspecies, A. utahensis subsp. kaibabensis and A. utahensis subsp. utahensis, are keystone species of the Mojave Desert and Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States. Here we developed microsatellite markers to study population structure and genetic diversity of the two subspecies of A. utahensis. Methods and Results: We analyzed 22,386 454-pyrosequencing large contigs (>400 bp), derived from a genome reduction experiment consisting of A. utahensis accessions, for putative microsatellites. The use of unique multiplex barcodes for each of the Agave accessions allowed for the identification of putatively polymorphic microsatellites based solely on sequence alignment analysis. We report the characteristics of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci based on a panel of 104 individuals from the two subspecies. The number of alleles per locus varied from three to eight, with an average of 5.5 alleles per locus. Observed and expected hetero...
A:T --> G:C base pair substitutions occur at a higher rate than other substitution events in Pms2 deficient mouse cells.

Abstract The mismatch repair pathway involves multiple proteins that are required to correct DNA polymerase generated mismatches before they become mutations. It has been shown recently, that the predominant base-pair substitution events leading to loss of endogenous Aprt activity in Pms2 null mouse cells are A:T→G:C mutations (Oncogene 21 (2002) 1768, Oncogene 21 (2002) 2840). To determine if this observation could be explained by an increased rate of A:T→G:C mutations relative to other base-pair substitutions, we developed a reversion assay to examine G:C→A:T, C:G→A:T, and A:T→G:C mutations within mouse Aprt in a Pms2 null mouse kidney cell line. The results demonstrated a 6–50-fold increase in the rate of the A:T→G:C mutations relative to the other base-pair substitutions. Additional work demonstrated that growth of the Pms2 null cells in antioxidant containing medium reduced the rate of the A:T→G:C mutations. The results are discussed with regards to the role of mismatch repair proteins in preventing base-pair substitutions, including those induced by oxidative stress.
Overview of Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) dense gas dispersion modeling project

This paper provides a background for and an overview of the results of a comprehensive study of transport and dispersion of dense gas plumes over rough surfaces typical of industrial sites. The Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF) 93-16 project involved model development and evaluations using observations from three wind tunnels and from the Kit Fox field experiment. Detailed discussions of the results of the research are given in the other papers in this special issue. The wind tunnel experiments produced data showing that the resulting best-fit vertical entrainment formula was close to (i.e., within about 30%) the vertical entrainment formulas already in use by current models, which were derived primarily from observations over smooth surfaces. Observations from the Kit Fox field experiment demonstrated the validity of the entrainment curves derived from the wind tunnel data. The Kit Fox data were also used to evaluate algorithms for along-wind dispersion and cloud advection speeds for short-duration releases typical of an industrial site, and to evaluate the HEGADAS dense gas dispersion model.
Educational Simulation in Construction: Virtual Construction Simulator

Students in the architecture, engineering, and construction disciplines are often challenged with visualizing and understanding the complex spatial and temporal relationships involved in designing and constructing three-dimensional (3D) structures. An evolving body of research traces the use of educational computer simulations to enhance student learning experiences through testing real-world scenarios and the development of student decision-making skills. Ongoing research at Pennsylvania State University aims to improve engineering education in construction through interactive construction project learning applications in an immersive virtual reality environment. This paper describes the first- and second-generation development of the Virtual Construction Simulator (VCS), a tool that enables students to simultaneously create and review construction schedules through 3D model interaction. The educational value and utility of VCS was assessed through surveys, focus group interviews, and a student exercise ...
Bursting bubbles: Further results

Abstract It is widely recognized that simple perfect foresight maximizing models often allow a continuum of hyperinflationary equilibria in the presence of a fixed money supply. Various attempts have been made to restrict the number of equilibria in such models. This paper illustrates some new aspects of a recent proposal.
Particle Size Limits to Meet USP Content Uniformity Criteria for Tablets and Capsules

Content uniformity (CU) of pharmaceutical dosage units can be affected by active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particle size and size distribution. Previous authors have estimated this impact but use of different particle size descriptors led to confusion and difficulty in applying the theoretical models developed. We show that when the same descriptors for particle size and distribution are used (i.e., median diameter on a weight basis (d(50)) and geometric standard deviation (sigma(g))), previously published models are consistent. The approach of Yalkowsky and Bolton4 [Pharm Res 7:962-966, 1990] is modified to use these descriptors and updated for current USP28/NF23 CU criteria. A nomograph is provided to allow easy estimation of an acceptable d(50) for a given dose and sigma(g). To test the model's validity, tablets were manufactured over a wide range of doses and assayed for CU. As predicted, %relative standard deviation (RSD) increased as dose decreased. However, for APIs that deviate significantly from the assumed log-normal distribution, sigma(g) is more appropriately described by the upper region of the API size distribution, presumably because large particles have greatest influence on CU. At very low doses, CU values deviate significantly from normality, consistent with the presence of single large API particles causing super-potent dosage units.
Life stress, organizational stress, and job satisfaction.

Abstract : The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between changes, experienced both within the personal lives of individuals and within the work environment, and job satisfaction. Results suggest that negative life changes experienced within ones personal life are related to lower levels of satisfaction while both positive and negative changes experienced within the work environment are correlated with satisfaction, positive changes being related to higher levels and negative changes being related to lower levels of satisfaction. The implications of these findings for assessing organizational stress and for the prediction of attrition from organizations are discussed. (Author)
Even zombies can be surprised: A reply to Graham and Horgan

In their paper “Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary” (2000), George Graham and Terence Horgan argue, contrary to a widespread view, that the so- called Knowledge Argument may after all pose a problem for certain materialist accounts of perceptual experience. I propose a reply to Graham and Horgan on the materialist’s behalf, making use of a distinction between knowing what it’s like to see something F and knowing how F things look.
The influence of inorganic ions on the differentiation of gastrodermal cells in hydra

The coelenterates provide a simple system for the study of the processes of cellular differentiation and form regulation. The hydroids, such as the common hydra, are composed of only two layers of cells and a small number of easily distinguished different cell types (1, 2). The epidermis contains primarily epithelial-muscular cells, interstitial cells, and cnidoblasts. The epithelial-muscular cells contain contractile elements, myonemes, at their basal ends and secrete a coat of mucus at their apical ends (Fig. 6). Scattered between the epithelial-muscular cells are numerous small basophilic cells, the interstitial cells (Fig. 8). The interstitial cells occur in nests or small groups and normally differentiate into cnidoblasts (3). When the animals become sexual the interstitial cells give rise to the germ cells (1). The gastrodermis contains three basic cell types. The digestive-muscular cells are large cells which engulf partially digested food particles and which possess basal contractile elements similar to those found in the epithelial-muscular cells. The gland cells are small basophilic cells dispersed between the digestive cells (Fig. 7). They have a well developed endoplasmic reticulum (Fig. 9) and their apical ends are usually filled with secretory droplets (Fig. 7). The third gastrodermal cell type is the mucous cell. This resembles the gland cell but contains a mucous secretory product. The distribution of these cells varies considerably between different species. In Hydra viridis they are found only in the hypostome. The coelenterates are noted for an ex-
The Rise and Fall of Choice in Richmond, California.

Abstract The public school choice plan implemented in Richmond, California in 1987 through 1990 received much favorable publicity at the time, but in 1991 the school district filed for bankruptcy. This paper describes the choice plan and the events leading up to the financial collapse. It also presents trend data on student absenteeism, dropout rates, test scores and school desegregation. There is no evidence that the choice plan produced any improvement in these outcomes. At the same time, the district's financial failure is not necessarily attributable to the choice plan itself, but rather to the imprudent manner in which it was implemented.
Supernova neutrinos, neutral currents and the origin of fluorine

An argument is made for the existence of a significant role for neutrinos in the nuclear chemistry of an exploding supernova. Emphasis is given to the neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis of fluorine. It is shown that fluorine's solar abundance constrains the temperature of muon and tauon neutrinos to values near what is expected from the standard model.
Laparoscopic Management of Bilateral Page Kidneys

Hyper-reninemic hypertension as a result of renal compression is often referred to as a "Page" kidney. We present a case of a patient with bilateral Page kidneys from subcapsular hematomas as a complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. After several attempts at percutaneous and laparoscopic drainage of the fluid collections, she was referred for definitive management with laparoscopic decortication and capsulotomy. Bilateral laparoscopic surgery was performed in a staged fashion, using a novel technique of radial incision inner capsulotomy, with resolution of the patient's hypertension. We report our technique and factors to consider in the management of Page kidney.
Negative Ion Based Neutral Systems

The status of negative ion based neutral beam systems is reviewed. Methods of generating the negative ions of the hydrogen isotopes and the handling and acceleration of these ions are considered. The paper includes the status of plans for stripping the ions and for constructing beam systems.
Raman Spectroscopic Determination of the Integrity of Urea Inclusion Compounds

Raman spectroscopy is shown to provide a rapid and definitive analysis of the nature of urea inclusion compounds. It is demonstrated that the photodecomposition of included alkanones does not destroy the urea lattice, but the inclusion compounds of n-decane are destroyed by ultra sonic agitation.
Classification by multiple-resolution statistical analysis with application to automated recognition of marine mammal sounds

A multiple-resolution statistical pattern recognition technique for classification by supervised learning is developed and then applied to automated recognition of marine mammal sounds. The data to be classified may be either unprocessed or transformed, e.g., time series or time-frequency distributions of acoustic transients. Training data consist of samples previously grouped by a human expert into labeled sets; these sets are presumed to be associated with different “classes.” The labeled sets are then characterized by occupancy statistics associated with a multiple-resolution, binary partition of the (unreduced) sample space. Classification of a new sample is performed by calculating a posteriori probabilities of membership of the new sample in each class, computed by Bayesian inference from the occupancy statistics of the associated labeled set. These a posteriori probabilities are calculated by a recursive algorithm that progresses from coarse to fine resolution in the sample space. The algorithm is implemented in a simple, highly efficient computer program. Automated classification of both time series and time-frequency distributions of marine-mammal vocalizations is demonstrated using a small number of labeled samples (approximately ten samples per class).
WHEN IT'S GOOD TO BE “BAD”: VIOLENCE AND ADOLESCENT PEER ACCEPTANCE*

This article examines the relationship between adolescent violence and peer acceptance in school. Deriving hypotheses from subcultural theories of crime and violence, it tests whether the violence–status relationship varies across sociodemographic characteristics and educational contexts of students. Analyses of school network data collected from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health suggest that violence generally holds a negative relationship to peer friendship nominations for both males and females. However, for males, this effect varies by the educational standing of the students. Violence shows a modest positive association to peer acceptance for males who perform poorly in school. No evidence exists that race moderates the violence –status relationship. These findings are replicated in longitudinal analyses of a large metropolitan high school. For females, violence has a significant negative relationship to peer status that does not vary by individual characteristics. However, school levels of violence moderate the relationship between social status and female violence such that violent females have greater numbers of friendships in highly violent schools. The implications of these findings for peer research and delinquency theory are discussed.
Targeting QseC Signaling and Virulence for Antibiotic Development

Many bacterial pathogens rely on a conserved membrane histidine sensor kinase, QseC, to respond to host adrenergic signaling molecules and bacterial signals in order to promote the expression of virulence factors. Using a high-throughput screen, we identified a small molecule, LED209, that inhibits the binding of signals to QseC, preventing its autophosphorylation and consequently inhibiting QseC-mediated activation of virulence gene expression. LED209 is not toxic and does not inhibit pathogen growth; however, this compound markedly inhibits the virulence of several pathogens in vitro and in vivo in animals. Inhibition of signaling offers a strategy for the development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs.
AN ADVOCATE'S CASE FOR THE HUMANITIES IN PREPARATION PROGRAMS FOR SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

Despite a long‐time effort, at least since 1963, to enlarge the base of knowledge utilization in Educational Administration by drawing humanities content into preparation programs for school administration, only modest progress has been made toward this end. A two‐fold explanation is offered. Most notably, it is argued, the practical value of the humanities in Educational Administration has not been projected persuasively in the discourse. The article herewith means to alter this condition and to generate a fresh momentum for blending humanities content with theoretical ideas which are central to school organization and administration.
Building and analyzing an energy demand signed digraph

This paper describes some of the author's work on developing a methodology for building and analyzing an energy demand signed digraph using the subjective judgements of groups of experts. The method is illustrated using energy consumption in the transportation sector, in particular in the intraregional commuter transportation sector, as an example. The specific procedure described consists of three rounds, two devoted to choosing nodes and one to choosing edges and signs. The expert judgments of round 3 are combined to build an energy demand signed digraph for intraurban commuter transportation, and this signed digraph is then analyzed using the mathematical tools developed in Brown et al. (1972). Stabilizing strategies are identified, as are stable and unstable starting nodes and feedback loops contributing to stability and instability of the system. The conclusions are interpreted for their significance for energy demand in intraurban commuter transportation (this significance is mostly tentative and su...
Effect of instructions and nicotine on smoking cessation, withdrawal symptoms and self-administration of nicotine gum.

Seventy-seven smokers quit smoking and were randomly assigned to a 3×2 design contrasting instructions (told received nicotine gum versus told received placebo gum versus not told which gum received) and receipt of nicotine (received nicotine gum versus received placebo gum). Both being told one received nicotine and actual recept of nicotine increased the number of days abstinent and decreased the number of cigarettes smoked (P<0.05). Receipt of nicotine but not instructions appeared to influence withdrawal (P=0.06). Instructions but not recept of nicotine appeared to influence craving (P=0.08), gum selfadministration (P=0.06) and reported helpfulness of the gum (P=0.02). Neither nicotine nor instructions influenced side-effects. Instructions and nicotine interacted in several ways. For example, nicotine appeared to increase abstinence in the blind and told placebo conditions more than in the told nicotine condition (P<0.05). Our results suggest the effects of instructions and nicotine 1) are not mutually exclusive, 2) vary across dependent variables and 3) can interact such that instructions modify the therapeutic and subjective effects of nicotine.
ATTACHMENT STYLE AND RECOGNITION OF EMOTIONALLY-LADEN DRAWINGS

This study examined the relation between attachment style and memory for emotionally-laden drawings by 180 students in introductory psychology. Attachment style was assessed using the Hazan and Shaver Attachment Style Questionnaire. Memory for 24 emotionally-laden drawings was assessed using a forced-choice recognition procedure. Analysis indicated that adults classified as having an Avoidant attachment style remembered the depictions of anger significantly better than those reporting either a Secure or Anxious/Ambivalent attachment style.
Decay of 61Cu; Energy levels of 61Ni

Abstract The decay of 61Cu has been studied using a 5 cm3 Ge(Li) 7.6 cm × 7.6 cm NaI coincidence spectrometer and a 30 cm3 Ge(Li) detector. A total of 31 gamma rays was observed. Decays from ten levels in 61Ni were observed at 67.20±0.14, 283.63±0.17, 655.96±0.15, 908.85±0.30, 1099.62±0.30, 1131.76±0.45, 1185.22±0.22, 1609.92±0.030, 1729.59±0.25 and 2124.8±1 keV. A possible level is also suggested at 1997 keV. The linearity of the Ge(Li) spectrometer system was studied by observation of the gamma rays emitted in the decay of 147Nd. This study also yielded precision energy measurements for the 147Nd gamma rays. Relative intensity measurements for the gamma rays involved in the 61Cu decay are also given. The half-life of 61Cu was measured as 204.5±0.6 min. Coincidence measurements were performed to establish the placement of the stronger gamma rays observed in the decay. The proposed decay scheme for 61Cu is presented, discussed and compared with other recent Ge(Li) measurements.
Turbulence effects during evaporation of drops in clusters

A model of droplet evaporation in clusters and the exchange processes between the cluster and the gas phase surrounding it are presented. This model is developed for use as a subscale model in calculations of spray evaporation and combustion and thus described only global features of cluster behavior. The gas pressure in the cluster remains constant during evaporation and as a result the volume of the cluster and the drop number density inside the cluster vary. Two turbulence models are considered. The first one describes cluster evaporation in surroundings initially devoid of turbulence and turbulence is allowed to build up with time. The second model describes cluster evaporation in surroundings where turbulence is present initially. The results obtained with these models show that turbulence enhances evaporation and is a controlling factor in the evaporation of very dense clusters; examples are shown where with the first turbulence model saturation was obtained before complete evaporation whereas the opposite was obtained with the second turbulence model. As the initial air/fuel mass ratio increases, both turbulence history and the initial relative velocity between drops and gases can control evaporation. It is shown that the evaporation time decreases with an initial increase in turbulence levels or relative velocity. When the initial air/fuel mass ratio increases further and the initial drop number density falls within the dilute regime, neither of the above parameters can control evaporation. Moreover, the evaporation time decreases with the decreasing size of the cluster for dense clusters of drops, whereas for dilute clusters of drops the size is not a controlling factor. The practical implications of these results are discussed.
Efficient ROI Selection for Multi-Emitter Fitting Approaches in Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy

Single molecule super-resolution techniques such as PALM and STORM circumvent the diffraction limit by using fluorophore switching to isolate single emitters in space and time. The requirement that individual fluorophore signals are well separated, however, limits the speed of these methods. Recent advances have relaxed this requirement through the use of model functions which allow multiple overlapping emitters within one image region. Building on the methods used for sparse localisation, multi-emitter fitting methods typically extract fixed size rectangular regions of interest (ROIs) around candidate molecules and perform fitting within these regions. These ROIs will often intersect and it is common for molecules to be present in multiple ROIs and/or to only be partially enclosed within a ROI. This requires a number of empirical solutions to collate molecules and ensure that they are not over-counted, and to ensure convergence when attempting to fit partial molecules. Fitting molecules repeatedly within multiple ROIs also incurs significant computational overhead.Rather than using fixed size rectangular ROIs at candidate molecule positions, an alternative approach can be constructed based on the selection of contiguous regions of pixels which have a non-zero information content. In short, the algorithm determines which pixels in the image contain useful information by performing a statistical test to determine if pixels (or groups of neighbouring pixels) are significantly higher than the background, dilates this mask to introduce a ‘safety factor’, and uses a labelling algorithm to identify contiguous groups of pixels within this mask. These contiguous, non-rectangular, regions become the new ROIs. The approach has the dual advantages of fitting each emitter only once, and incorporating the full information about every emitter within each ROI so as to avoid any convergence problems.
Nurse practitioners as attending providers for injured workers: evaluating the effect of role expansion on disability and costs.

Background: A 3-year pilot program to expand the role of nurse practitioners (NPs) in the Washington State workers' compensation system was implemented on July 1, 2004. This legislation authorized NPs to independently perform most functions of an attending physician. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of this legislation by examining medical costs and disability outcomes for injured workers in the care of NPs benchmarked against those in the care of primary care physicians (PCPs). Research Design: This observational study compared NPs and PCPs in the role of attending provider based on the medical costs and disability outcomes of injured workers in their care. Comparisons controlled for sociodemographics, geographic location, injury, employment, and provider characteristics. Data Source: The Washington State Department of Labor and Industries provided claim and medical billing data for 29,949 injured workers who had an accident report filed by an NP or PCP between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005. Data were collected through June 30, 2006. Results: NPs were more likely than PCPs to be located in rural areas and counties with high unemployment. The distributions of injury type and severity/complexity indicators were similar across provider types. The likelihood of any time loss was lower for NP claims, but duration of lost work time and medical costs did not significantly differ by provider type. Conclusions: Attending provider type is not a significant predictor of disability or medical costs for injured workers in Washington State.
Changes in dimensions and mechanical properties of bone in chicks fed high levels of niacin.

Tibia dimensions and mechanical properties were determined in White Leghorn cockerels that had been fed from 0.1 to 2.0% niacin as a supplement to standard poultry diets. Four experiments of from 20 to 38 days were conducted. No significant differences due to niacin were found in weight gain, feed consumed or feed: gain ratios. Decreases in the exterior (P < 0.009) and interior (P < 0.015) diameters of the major axes of the tibiae were found at 0.75-2.0% niacin. Exterior (P < 0.005) and interior (P < 0.001) diameters of the minor axes of the tibia were decreased at levels of 0.75 and 1%. Changes occurred in lateral wall thickness of chicks fed 0.75% niacin for 20 days (P < 0.004) and 38 days (P < 0.023) and in anterior wall thickness of 6-month-old chickens fed 1.0% niacin for 28 days (P < 0.001). Ultimate force was decreased in young chicks fed 1.0 and 1.5% niacin (P < 0.014) and 6-month-old White Leghorn chickens fed 1.0% niacin (P < 0.004). The addition of high levels of niacin to chick rations resulted in changes in dimensions, bone strength and susceptibility to fracture.
trans-10,cis-12-Conjugated linoleic acid reduces leptin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The trans10,cis12 (t10c12) isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to inhibit heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase activity, reduce lipid stores in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and, when fed to mice, reduce body fat gain. We now report that t10c12 CLA significantly reduced leptin secretion from cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and reduced leptin mRNA levels within the cells. Similar effects were produced by conjugated nonadecadienoic acid (a 19-carbon CLA cognate that is more effective than CLA in reducing body fat gain in mice), the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (which is synergistic with CLA in reducing body fat gain in mice), and ciglitazone (TZD, a PPARgamma agonist). Feeding mice diet supplemented with 0.5% t10c12 CLA for 4 weeks significantly reduced body fat gain, serum leptin levels and adipocyte leptin mRNA expression, without affecting feed intake or body weight. These data provide new insights into apparent mechanistic similarities among t10c12 CLA, CNA, NDGA, and TZD.
The resin‐fiber interface in polyurethane and polyurethane‐unsaturated polyester hybrid

A polyurethane (PU) is compared with the polyurethane-unsaturated polyester (PU-UPE) hybrid to examine the changes of the resin-fiber interphase in the presence of a sizing compatible component, UPE, in the matrix resin. The formation of resin-fiber interphase is critical in structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) and resin transfer molding (RTM) because resin solidification (i.e., gelation and vitrification) occurs in seconds (SRIM) or minutes (RTM). Kinetic (DSC, FTIR spectroscopy), mechanical (single fiber test, fracture surface analysis), and microscopic (birefringence, SEM) studies were used to analyze the interface. Kinetic results indicate poor chemical compatibility of the sizing with PU and increased chemical interactions of the sizing with the PU-UPE resin. Mechanical and microscopic analyses also point in favor of improved interphasial behavior with the PU-UPE resin.
Order and disorder in viral proteins: new insights into an old paradigm

The conventional dogma stating that proteins must fold into a well-defined structure in order to display biological function is being challenged everyday as new data emerge on the relevance of disordered regions and intrinsically disordered proteins. Viral proteins in particular can benefit greatly from the conformational flexibility granted by partially folded or unfolded protein segments. It enables them to adapt to hostile and changing environmental conditions, interact with the required host machinery while evading host defence mechanisms and tolerate the high mutation rates viral genomes are prone to. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the importance of the recent research field of protein disorder that is proving vital to gain better understanding of the roles and functions of viral proteins.
Macromolecular affinity labeling.

Since the first description of the macromolecular affinity labeling methods numerous binding proteins have successfully been identified by photoaffinity labeling and affinity crosslinking. These macromolecular affinity labeling methods are now established as a standard approach for receptor studies. In this article I will discuss the recent developments in the application of macromolecular photoaffinity labeling and affinity crosslinking
Optimizing Delivery of Multivalent Targeting Constructs for Detection of Secondary Tumors

Targeting drugs or imaging molecules to specific cells by conjugating them to antibodies or ligands for cell surface receptors may allow earlier detection of pathology, better localization for intervention, and fewer side effects. Delivery of these molecules to the target is complicated by construct size, which cannot cross typical endothelial barriers such as the vascular wall, and lack of a priori knowledge of the location of secondary tumor sites to which the construct is targeted. Here we develop mathematical models for diffusive and convection-enhanced delivery of a trivalent construct. Results show that delivery of the construct to the tissue does not yield acceptable contrast or specificity; therefore, unbound construct must be removed from the area of interest by allowing diffusion out of the area or a follow-up injection of fluid containing no construct (e.g., saline). The need for this additional step requires weeks to months for diffusive delivery to yield acceptable contrast, but convection-enhanced delivery may be able to achieve acceptable contrast within several days. Thus, convection-enhanced delivery of multivalent constructs may provide a mechanism to locate secondary tumor sites without prior knowledge of their location which would greatly enhance the ability to detect and treat cancer.
Rate dependent constitutive modelling of laminated FRP composites degraded by fire

A constitutive theory is proposed for FRP laminated composite materials that is designed to account for both temperature and strain rate dependent response, such as would occur during, and after, exposure to the elevated temperatures due to fire. The theory is physically based, and in particular, is based on a kinematical framework fixed on the fabric laminates; full accounting of laminate reorientation and anisotropic response is thus achieved. The theory is numerically implemented and FEM analysis of compressive deformation of a sandwich panel, given as an example, demonstrates how common material failure modes such as kinking are naturally included in the theory and in analyses using the theory. The theory accounts for finite strains and thus the extent of deformation is arbitrary. The theory and its numerical implementation are designed specifically to perform numerical analysis of structural response of FRP structures subject to fire degradation.
SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) POLYSACCHARIDE (PS) TYPES Ia AND Ib-TETANUS TOXOID (Ia-TT; Ib-TT) CONJUGATE VACCINES IN WOMEN. ▴ 980

SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) POLYSACCHARIDE (PS) TYPES Ia AND Ib-TETANUS TOXOID (Ia-TT; Ib-TT) CONJUGATE VACCINES IN WOMEN. ▴ 980
NIH Rating System

Although the attempts to standardize the evaluation and scoring procedures of grant applications (E. Marshall, News & Comment, [31 May, p. 1257][1]) are well-meaning, they overlook a major limitation of the current review process: The scores given by individual study section members are not
Transfinite open-point games☆☆Research partially supported by grant GA ČR 201/97/0216.

Abstract We prove it consistent that for every countable indecomposable ordinal γ there is a topological space in which player I has a winning strategy in the open-point game of length γ but no winning strategy in the shorter games. This solves a question of Berner and Juhasz.
Superconformal Symmetry and Superstring Compactification

Various topics in conformal field theory and the theory of Kac-Moody algebras are presented. In particular, the Goddard-Kent-Olive construction is used to derive various conformal and superconformal theories, including a large class of N=2 models recently discovered by Kazama and Suzuki. The relationship between compactification of extra dimensions and the description of internal degrees of freedom by a conformal field theory is discussed. Various approaches to compactification based on exactly soluble conformal field theories, including Gepner’s proposal for using the N=2 minimal models, are sketched. Recent progress in understanding N=2 models and Calabi-Yau spaces using mathematical techniques of singularity theory is described. It is argued that a classical solution could be a useful first approximation to a quantum ground state even though it is known that string theory is strongly coupled and the perturbation expansion diverges.
Perspective on multimedia

Multimedia is defined as noun and adjective. The development and use of multimedia presentations are surveyed historically, and multimedia is considered a vehicle, technical but at the same time aesthetic, for communicating imaginative as well as factual material, and for entertaining as well as instructing. Aspects of theory, development, research, and practice are discussed, and sources of information about multimedia techniques are listed. Technical and engineering communicators are urged to experiment with multimedia as a dynamic means of imparting facts and establishing comprehension.
Lys-Ala mutations of type I adenylyl cyclase result in altered susceptibility to inhibition by adenine nucleoside 3'-polyphosphates.

Abstract Native and recombinant wild type and mutant forms of type I adenylyl cyclase, expressed in fall army worm ovarian cells (Sf9) cells, with mutations Lys-923-Ala, Lys-921-Ala, and Lys-350-Ala, retained the characteristic noncompetitive inhibition by adenine nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates, but exhibited substantially different sensitivities to inhibition by them. The type I K923A enzyme resulted in increased IC 50 values, e.g., >100-fold for 2′-deoxyadenosine-3′-monophosphate, but the shift diminished as the number of 3′-phosphates increased. The K921A mutation increased IC 50 values ∼5-fold for all adenine nucleosides tested, whereas the K350A mutation increased IC 50 values ∼6- to 8-fold for all adenine nucleosides tested except 2′-deoxyadenosine-3′-diphosphate, which was increased ≥2-fold. The data suggest that 3′-phosphates sufficiently increase binding affinity of these ligands to compensate for the reduced coordination of the adenine moiety induced by the K923A mutation. Moreover, the altered structures induced by both K350A and K921A mutations impair ligand binding in general, but paradoxically those resulting from the K350A change minimally affected nucleoside 3′-diphosphate binding, implying that selective changes in ligand binding can be induced by this site-specific mutation.
When Is Primary Cesarean Appropriate: Maternal and Obstetrical Indications

To describe appropriate maternal and obstetrical indications for primary cesarean delivery. The list of potential indications is long. Among all maternal and obstetrical indications, labor dystocia is the most common; multifetal pregnancy and malpresentation are not infrequent. Maternal indications, including human immunodeficiency virus (with high viral load) and herpes simplex virus (with active lesions), are rare. Preeclampsia alone typically is not an appropriate indication for cesarean delivery. Although the need for a cesarean is absolute for some conditions, such as complete placenta previa or placenta accreta, minimum criteria for a cesarean are variable and subjective for many indications, including dystocia. The subjective diagnosis of labor dystocia provides the best opportunity to prevent the first cesarean.
Age and gender affect ventricular-vascular coupling during aerobic exercise.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the age-associated differences in ventricular-vascular coupling, defined by the ratio of arterial elastance (EaI) to left ventricular systolic elas...
A logistic regression approach to distributed IR

This poster session examines a probabilistic approach to distributed information retrieval using a Logistic Regression algorithm for estimation of collection relevance. The algorithm is compared to other methods for distributed search using test collections developed for distributed search evaluation.
Mars: the flow and ebb of water.

Information is pouring in about Mars. These are thrilling times for those who are proposing — and challenging — ideas about the chemical evolution of the planet and its potential for having harboured life.
Report of the Task Force on Residency Training Information (2008-2009), American Board of Emergency Medicine

The American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) gathers extensive background information on emergency medicine residency training programs and the residents in those programs. We present the 2009 annual report on the status of US emergency medicine residency programs.
Comparative metabolite profiling of carboxylic acids in rat urine by CE‐ESI MS/MS through positively pre‐charged and 2H‐coded derivatization

A new approach to the selective comparative metabolite profiling of carboxylic acids in rat urine was established using CE-MS and a method for positively pre-charged and (2)H-coded derivatization. Novel derivatizing reagents, N-alkyl-4-aminomethyl-pyridinum iodide (alkyl = butyl, butyl-d9 or hexyl), containing quaternary amine and stable-isotope atoms (deuterium), were introduced for the derivatization of carboxylic acids. CE separation in positive polarity showed high reproducibility (0.99-1.32% RSD of migration time) and eliminated problems with capillary coating known in CE-MS anion analyses. Essentially complete ionization and increased hydrophobicity after the derivatization also enhanced MS detection sensitivity (e.g. formic acid was detected at 0.5 pg). Simultaneous derivatization of one sample using two structurally similar reagents, N-butyl-4-aminomethyl-pyridinum iodide (BAMP) and N-hexyl-4-aminomethyl-pyridinum iodide, provided additional information for recognizing a carboxylic acid in an unknown sample. Moreover, characteristic fragmentation acquired by online CE-MS/MS allowed for identification and categorization of carboxylic acids. Applying this method on rat urine, we found 59 ions matching the characteristic patterns of carboxylic acids. From these 59, 32 ions were positively identified and confirmed with standards. For comparative analysis, 24 standard carboxylic acids were derivatized by chemically identical but isotopically distinct BAMP and N-butyl-d9-4-aminomethyl-pyridinium iodide, and their derivatization limits and linearity ranges were determined. Comparative analysis was also performed on two individual urine samples derivatized with BAMP and N-butyl-d9-4-aminomethyl-pyridinium iodide. The metabolite profiling variation between these two samples was clearly visualized.
Knowledge, power, and Freud's Clark conference lectures

In 1909, Sigmund Freud delivered five lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University. This rhetorical event, Freud's only public appearance in the United States, offers a case in point of the intersection among knowledge, power, and discourse. Freud's rhetorical action constituted the “new” knowledge of psychoanalysis, while simultaneously forging relationships between the scientific and medical communities that endowed the psychoanalyst with power.
Asymptotic probabilities for conformal restriction measures for an annulus

Abstract We show that for the conformal restriction measure with exponent b in the unit disk on hulls γ connecting e i x to 1 the probability of the event that γ avoids the disk of radius q centered at zero decays like exp ( − b π x / ( 1 − q ) ) if either b ∈ [ 5 / 8 , 1 ] ∪ [ 5 / 4 , ∞ ) and x ∈ ( 0 , π ] , or if b ∈ ( 1 , 5 / 4 ) , x ∈ ( 0 , π ) , and b x ⩽ π .