cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactive blending via coordination chemistry—extraordinary mechanical response for atactic 1,2‐polybutadiene complexed with palladium chloride

Experimental evidence in solution and in the solid state suggests that atactic 1,2-polybutadiene and palladium chloride form coordination complexes with unusual mechanical properties. Ternary phase diagrams with tetrahydrofuran as the solvent highlight regions where gelation is favored relative to precipitation. The strongest evidence for a network structure is based on the facts that (i) solid films swell in heptane, and (ii) infrared spectroscopy identifies a new absorption characteristic of three-membered rings and dihapto coordination of the olefinic sidegroup in 1,2-polybutadiene to the metal center in palladium chloride-bis(acetonitrile). Carbon-13 solid state NMR spectroscopy suggests that the polymeric palladium complex is a glass when the salt concentration is 4 mol%. NMR linewidth data together with the pulse sequence parameters suggest that the chain backbone of the polymeric palladium complex experiences a significant reduction in molecular mobility which is consistent with diamagnetic glassy materials. Most importantly, the elastic modulus of polybutadiene increases by three orders of magnitude during the transition from rubbery to glassy behavior. This type of mechanical response cannot be explained by a filler effect, crystallite reinforcement, or antiplasticization. Transition-metal coordination concepts applied to polymeric materials suggest that the enhancement in mechanical properties is a direct consequence of «coordination crosslinks» where the palladium salt bridges different. polymer chains. However, palladium-catalyzed reactions of the olefinic sidegroup, generating a chemically crosslinked network, represent a second explanation of the significantly enhanced macroscopic physical properties of 1,2-polybutadiene in the presence of the transition-metal salt. Reactive blending via metal-ligand coordination represents a new mechanism to compatibilize polymeric mixtures that would otherwise exhibit phase separation
How Founding Team Human Capital Affects Who Small Business Owners Hire and Fire and Why

In this paper we took a first look at how the technical and/or commercial human capital of the founders affect which employees new, small businesses add and subtract and why. Using the case study m...
Rotary pursuit, a measure of human performance, and plasma concentrations of promethazine

Promethazine in doses of 50 mg has demonstrated detrimental effects upon the performance of visual tasks. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the blood concentration levels of promethazine and two human performance tasks. Fifteen paid healthy male volunteers completed a randomized five-way crossover design which included a 25 mg and 50 mg dose of the innovator dosage form, a 50 mg dose of a generic dosage form, a 50 mg solution dosage form, and a placebo. Serial blood samples were obtained in addition to performance measures of rotary pursuit and a simple force choice reaction time. Analysis of the forced choice reaction depicted a mild relationship with the blood concentration levels of promethazine. However, the measures of rotary pursuit, a more sensitive determinant of human motor performance, proved to be more related to both the promethazine blood concentration and the inherent learning which was confounded in the experiment. The degree of impaired pursuit performance and reaction time differences could be defined in terms of a linear relationship to the promethazine concentration.
Recent Developments in Chaotic Time Series Analysis

In this paper, two issues are addressed: (1) the applicability of the delay-coordinate embedding method to transient chaotic time series analysis, and (2) the Hilbert transform methodology for chao...
Receiving the mantle: perspectives from third generation researchers in Gurupá

Ever since Charles Wagley's initial public health work in Gurupa in the 1940s, followed by his and Eduardo Galvao's pioneering ethnographic studies, there has been a steady stream of anthropologists conducting research in the community. As a result of this activity, to date there are books, dissertations, theses, articles, and reports from at least 17 different authors/organizations (mostly anthropologists) and approximately 15 years of collective on-site research. In this article we examine how our current research as the third generation following in Wagley's footsteps builds upon and expands his original research in areas ranging from public health, child labor, the influence of media, and the potential impact of the Belo Monte Dam.
Mechanism of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Clamp Opening by Replication Factor C

The eukaryotic replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader is an AAA+ spiral-shaped heteropentamer that opens and closes the circular proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) clamp processivity factor on DNA. In this study, we examined the roles of individual RFC subunits in opening the PCNA clamp. Interestingly, Rfc1, which occupies the position analogous to the δ clamp-opening subunit in the Escherichia coli clamp loader, is not required to open PCNA. The Rfc5 subunit is required to open PCNA. Consistent with this result, Rfc2·3·4·5 and Rfc2·5 subassemblies are capable of opening and unloading PCNA from circular DNA. Rfc5 is positioned opposite the PCNA interface from Rfc1, and therefore, its action with Rfc2 in opening PCNA indicates that PCNA is opened from the opposite side of the interface that the E. coli δ wrench acts upon. This marks a significant departure in the mechanism of eukaryotic and prokaryotic clamp loaders. Interestingly, the Rad·RFC DNA damage checkpoint clamp loader unloads PCNA clamps from DNA. We propose that Rad·RFC may clear PCNA from DNA to facilitate shutdown of replication in the face of DNA damage.
Dual task interactions due exclusively to limits in processing resources

Information presented to each hemisphere of the commissurotomy patient is available only to the stimulated hemisphere. Despite this, the hemispheres have access to a common pool of processing resources, which, under conditions of demanding bilateral stimulation, is distributed between the hemispheres.
Comparison of the effects of caffeine and doxapram on respiratory and cardiovascular function in foals with induced respiratory acidosis.

Objective—To determine and compare the effects of caffeine and doxapram on cardiorespiratory variables in foals during isoflurane-induced respiratory acidosis. Animals—6 clinically normal foals (1 to 3 days old). Procedures—At intervals of ≥ 24 hours, foals received each of 3 IV treatments while in a steady state of hypercapnia induced by isoflurane anesthesia (mean ± SD, 1.4 ± 0.3% endtidal isoflurane concentration). After assessment of baseline cardiorespiratory variables, a low dose of the treatment was administered and variables were reassessed; a high dose was then administered, and variables were again assessed. Sequential low- and high-dose treatments included doxapram (loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg, followed by a 20-minute infusion at 0.03 mg/kg/min and then 0.08 mg/kg/min), caffeine (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg), and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (equivalent volumes). Results—Administration of doxapram at both infusion rates resulted in a significant increase in respiratory rate, minute ventilation, arterial ...
INTER­INDUSTRY PROFITABILITY UNDER UNCERTAINTY

Summary In a competitive economy under certainty, inter-industry rates of return on real investment would approach equality in the long run. Stigler [141 found empirical evidence that there are significant inter-industry differ- ences in profitability rates. Fisher and Hall [4] and Cootner and Holland [3] suggested that differences in profitability among industries may be attributable to inter-industry differences in risk. If different industries are exposed to different degrees of risk, long-run inter-industry differences in profitability would be expected even in a competitive economy. Over the period 1950–1967 this study used two-way ANOVA to test the null hypothesis that there were no persistent inter-industry differences in risk-adjusted profitability. The null hypothesis was rejected at the .001 level under four different test specifications. These findings may be viewed as an extension of Stigler's work and lend support to the hypothesis of persistent barriers to entry in the United States economy. Our empirical findings are positive in nature. Significant and persistent differences in risk-adjusted inter-industry profitability rates were found, but no attempt was made to identify what factors influence and perpetu- ate these differences. A possible area for future research is an investigation of the relationship between risk-adjusted return and measures of concentration and barriers to entry. Such a study would presumably parallel Bain's [1] prior work.
Seasonal stability of water balance among schizophrenic patients subject to water intoxication.

Abstract 1. Diurnal weight gain, afternoon hyponatremia, and polyuria were assessed for one year among eight male schizophrenics subject to water intoxication. 2. The authors normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. 3. NDWG ranged between 2.69 ± 99 and 3.34 ± 1.32 percent (F [3, 5] = .885, p = .509) during the four seasons of the year. 4. The seasonal decrease in afternoon serum sodium compared to its morning counterpart ranged between 4.23 ± 1.96 and 6.14 ± 2.82 mmol/l (F [3, 5] = 2.212, p = .205). 5. Seasonal polyuria ranged between 8.2 ± 3.5 and 8.8 ± 3.2 liters (F [3, 5] = .228, p = .873). 6. Among schizophrenics subject to water intoxication, the seasonal stability in our three parameters of water imbalance suggest they may be used to follow patients with altered water homeostasis over time. This finding has both clinical and research implications.
Inhibition of the soluble guanylate cyclase from rat lung by sulfated polyanions

Abstract Soluble guanylate cyclase was partially purified from rat lung homogenates, and shown to be inhibited by the following sulfated polyanions, with the I50 in μg/ml in parentheses: Polyvinyl sulfate (0.33), 40,000-dalton dextran sulfate (0.45), polyanetholesulfonate (0.63) 500,000-dalton dextran sulfate (1.8), λ-carrageenan (2.9), τ-carrageenan (6.1), κ-carrageenan (48.0), heparin (68.0). There was a good correlation between inhibitory potency and sulfate content (as total sulfur). Inhibition by heparin and the carrageenans (but not the others) was potentiated by Mn2+, but not Ca2+ or Mg2+, when [Mn2+] exceeded [GTP]. Mn2+-potentiation could be blocked by high Na+. Heparin-agarose shows promise as an affinity matrix for guanylate cyclase.
On the possibility of antiferromagnetic vortex cores in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Neutron scattering studies of optimally doped single crystal YBa Cu O under applied magnetic field were used to 23 7 yd . . assess the existence of antiferromagnetic AF correlations in vortices. In the superconducting SC state, a very weak signal 11 . at the 0 reciprocal lattice point was found. It is argued that this signal can be associated with AF correlations in vortex 22
Predictors of Success in a Urology Residency Program

Objectives In selecting a medical student for a urology residency, a set of preconceived criteria as to what will predict a successful resident are generally applied. To determine what factors predict an "excellent" clinical resident and a successful in-service test taker, we analyzed 10 years of urology resident files. Participants and Study Design Retrospective chart review of 29 urology residents at Washington University graduating from July 2000 to July 2009. Medical student applications and interview evaluations were compared with future performance as a general surgical intern and then as a urology resident, in terms of clinical performance and in-service examination scores. Results Of 29 residents, based on clinical evaluations over 4 years of urology residency, 12 were "excellent," 17 "average and needing improvement." "Excellent" residents had higher applicant rank submitted to the "match" (7.2 vs. 12.1, p=0.04) and better letters of recommendation (3.0 vs. 2.5, 0.018). "Excellent" residents also had better evaluations as an intern (3.9 vs 2.7, p Conclusions Performance as a surgery intern predicts future performance as a GU Resident. "Good" test takers as medical students and as interns continue to test well as GU residents. Early identification, intervention, and mentoring while still an intern are essential. Selection criteria we currently use to select GU residents are surprisingly predictive.
A simplified method for determination of peptide-protein molar ratios using amino acid analysis

In this report, we have described methods to improve the efficiency of coupling synthetic peptides to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and for the analysis of the composition of the resulting peptide-protein conjugates. KLH was first dissolved in buffers containing 3 M guanidine hydrochloride to maintain solubility and derivatized with either of two water soluble, heterobifunctional crosslinkers, m-maleimido-benzoyl-N-hydroxy-sulfosuccinimide ester (SMBS), or sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SSMCC) (300:1 molar excess over KLH). Synthetic peptides containing an amino terminal cysteine were then crosslinked to the modified KLH via sulfhydryl reaction with the crosslinker maleimide groups. Following dialysis to remove free peptide, the amino acid composition of the conjugate was determined. The molar ratio of peptide to protein within the conjugate was obtained by comparing the conjugate composition with that of both the KLH and peptide analyzed separately, and by a multiple regression, least squares analysis of the data. This method is generally applicable to the analysis of the molar ratios of protein-protein conjugates of unknown sequence or composition, and requires only the prior determination of the experimental amino acid composition of each component of the conjugate separately.
Diffusion and graph spectral methods for network forensic analysis

In this paper we propose the new paradigm of applying diffusion and graph spectral methods for network forensic analysis. Based on an evidence graph model built from collected evidence, graph spectral methods show potential in identifying key components and patterns of attack by extracting important graph structures. We also present the novel view that the propagation of suspicion in an attack scene could be modelled in analogy with heat diffusion in physics systems. In this paradigm, the evidence graph becomes the basis for a physical construct, which derives its properties such as conductivity and heat generation from evidence features. We argue that diffusion and graph spectral methods not only provide a mathematically well grounded approach to network forensic analysis, but also open up the opportunity for applying structured parameter refinement and high performance computation methods to forensic analysis field.
Developing instruments to assess first-year calculus and physics mechanics skills needed for a sophomore statics and dynamics course

Anecdotally, engineering faculty members complain students taking sophomore engineering science courses are not prepared with respect to mathematics and mechanics-based physics. However, evidence has rarely been systematically collected and analyzed to determine the veracity of these assertions. Therefore, the paper intends to address two questions: • With respect to first-year mathematics and first-year physics mechanics knowledge, what do engineering faculty members expect students to know and be able to do when they begin a sophomore statics and dynamics course? • To what extent do students satisfy these expectations? To address these questions, the following steps were taken. First, engineering faculty members who taught a sophomore statics and dynamics course at Texas A&M University were asked for problems involving first-year mathematics and physics mechanics they thought students should be able to solve entering the course. Learning outcomes were abstracted, and two instruments were developed and administered near the beginning of the statics and dynamics course. After administering the instruments and analyzing results, faculty members have a better idea of the background of their students. Furthermore, there is evidence to examine the extent to which students are prepared in first-year mathematics and physics mechanics to begin a core engineering science course.
Adsorption of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane from solution: The differential heat of adsorption applied to adsorption from dilute solutions on organic and inorganic surfaces

Abstract Isoteric heats and heats of adsorption for constant change of interfacial tension were obtained for the adsorption of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane on inorganic and organic materials. The latter quantity, Δ H φ , was shown to represent the true difference between the adsorbed solute and the solute in solution in partial molar enthalpy at equilibrium. Values of Δ H φ were calculated from the equation δ H θ = RT 1 T 2 T 2 −T 1 ln (m 2 3 m 2 ) T 2 (m 2 3 m 2 ) T 1 derived for dilute solutions with the assumption that Henry's law applies and the properties of the surface remain unchanged by adsorption. From changes in Δ H φ it was possible to conclude that the site energies are of wide range on the inorganic surfaces studied but of relatively narrow range on the organic fractions of the adsorbents for the range of surface coverage studied. Both the partial molar enthalpy, Δ H ′ , and entropy, Δ S ′ , corrected for the temperature-solubility effect of the solute were obtained. Values of Δ S ′ increased uniformly with surface coverage, which is to be expected if there is a range of energy sites and the degrees of freedom increase with surface coverage. It appears that the configurational entropy of the beta-isomer adsorbed from water on bentonite is quite high; the lowest Δ S ′ values were obtained for the adsorption of γ- and β-isomers from water on silica gel.
Clearing the Hurdle: Border Settlement and Rivalry Termination

Why do interstate rivalries end? In pursuit of this question, we advance a territorial theory of rivalry, which bridges the limited theoretical work on rivalry termination, the logic of commitment problems, and recent research associated with the territorial peace. We argue that unsettled borders are caused by an underlying commitment problem that contributes to the formation and perpetuation of rivalry. Ending the rivalry (by settling the borders) requires overcoming this fundamental commitment problem. We suggest that the signing of an international border agreement therefore represents a tangible indicator that states have overcome this commitment problem. After such agreements, we consequently expect rivalry termination to hasten and the rivalries that persist to experience fewer, shorter, and less severe conflict episodes. Empirical analysis of rivalries during the period 1816–2001 confirm these expectations. Such findings offer support to our unified territorial theory of rivalry and suggest that th...
Hazards of Hospitalization: Hospitalists and Geriatricians Educating Medical Students About Delirium and Falls in Geriatric Inpatients

ABSTRACT Geriatric patients are at increased risk for complications from delirium or falls during hospitalization. Medical education, however, generally places little emphasis on the hazards of hospitalization for older inpatients. Geriatricians conducted a faculty development workshop for hospitalists about the hazards of hospitalization for geriatric patients, focusing on two common geriatric syndromes: delirium and falls. The hospitalists then ran workshops for third-year medical students during their inpatient medicine clerkship, introducing two simple tools for assessing fall risk and diagnosing delirium. Students used these tools to evaluate their own patients and then reviewed cases with a geriatrician at the end of one month. A total of 101 students participated in the project and completed a post-intervention multiple choice test, and 73 (72.2%) returned the records of 278 patient evaluations. Compared to the control group from the end of the previous year, test scores increased by an average of ...
Comparative external morphology of the Conus osphradium (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

The osphradium is larger and more complex in Conus, a large and taxonomically difficult genus, than in other prosobranch gastropods. We examined intra- and interspecific variation in external anatomical characters of this major chemoreceptor organ, how these relate to ecological characteristics, and the potential of the osphradium to aid taxonomic differentiation, among 22 species of Conus. Six quantitative characters convey the main features of the Conus osphradium: its area, width-length ratio, curvature, orientation relative to the animal's anterior-posterior axis, density of sensory leaflets, and number of digitiform ridges on sensory leaflets. Species in 85% of pairwise comparisons differed significantly with respect to at least one variable. Multivariate discriminant function analysis successfully differentiated other species. Osphradium size relative to body size varied significantly with habitat type, and number of digitiform ridges varied with food type, but other characters were independent of ecological attributes and may potentially be useful in phylogenetic reconstruction.
The Complex Nature of Reading Fluency: A Multidimensional View

Reading fluency is commonly defined as reading accurately at a quick rate with appropriate prosody—a simple sounding definition. In fact, this definition hides complex processes and skills needed to produce the seemingly effortless performance of a fluent reader. Using both theory and empirical research, the presence and role of underlying processes and knowledge such as decoding fluency, processing speed, vocabulary, letter sound fluency, and sight word fluency are discussed. In doing this, we explain the elements needed for fluent reading and how they relate to each other in a multilayered fashion in young readers, and discuss the implications of this model in the development and assessment of reading fluency.
Molecular dynamics of vertebrate muscle thick and thin filaments

Myosin-containing thick and actin-containing thin filaments generate force in vertebrate muscles. In an effort to monitor molecular dynamics and its relation to function in these filaments, we have labeled sulfhydryls actin (cys-374) and mysoin (SH1) with the triplet probe erythrosin-5-iodoacetamide. Fluorescence studies indicate that the probes are rigidly bound to the proteins and (probably) associated with the protein surface. Although the probe phosphorescence in solution is always mono-exponential, in the protein conjugates the decays are mono-exponential for actin but multiexponential for myosin at 20 degree(s)C. The steady- state anisotropy (averaged over the time window from 0.07 to 1.5 ms) of erythrosin-labeled G- actin is 0.0; in F-actin the anisotropy is 0.088 at 20 degree(s)C and increases to 0.10 when the peptide toxin phalloidin, which is known to stabilize F-actin filaments, is bound.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging Quantifies Coronary Perfusion Pressure Effect on Cardiac Compliance

Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is a major source of cardiac related morbidity and mortality in the world today. A major contributor to, or indicator of DHF is a change in cardiac compliance. Currently, there is no accepted clinical method to evaluate the compliance of cardiac tissue in diastolic dysfunction. Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) is a novel ultrasound-based elastography technique that provides a measure of tissue stiffness. Coronary perfusion pressure affects cardiac stiffness during diastole; we sought to characterize the relationship between these two parameters using the SWEI technique. In this work, we demonstrate how changes in coronary perfusion pressure are reflected in a local SWEI measurement of stiffness during diastole. Eight Langendorff perfused isolated rabbit hearts were used in this study. Coronary perfusion pressure was changed in a randomized order (0–90 mmHg range) and SWEI measurements were recorded during diastole with each change. Coronary perfusion pressure and the SWEI measurement of stiffness had a positive linear correlation with the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the slope of 0.009–0.011 m/s/mmHg ( ${\rm R} ^{2} =0.88$ ). Furthermore, shear modulus was linearly correlated to the coronary perfusion pressure with the 95% CI of this slope of 0.035–0.042 kPa/mmHg ( ${\rm R} ^{2} = 0.83$ ). In conclusion, diastolic SWEI measurements of stiffness can be used to characterize factors affecting cardiac compliance specifically the mechanical interaction (cross-talk) between perfusion pressure in the coronary vasculature and cardiac muscle. This relationship was found to be linear over the range of pressures tested.
Nonhormonal alternatives for the treatment of hot flashes.

Objective. To review the literature on clonidine, venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and gabapentin for the treatment of hot flashes. Data Sources. A MEDLINE search (January 1966-July 2003) was conducted to identify English-language literature available on the treatment of hot flashes that focused on clonidine, venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and gabapentin. These articles, relevant abstracts, and additional references listed in articles were used to collect pertinent data. Study Selection. All controlled and uncontrolled trials were reviewed. Data Synthesis. In women unable or unwilling to take hormonal therapies, several nonhormonal alternatives have been evaluated in small controlled and uncontrolled trials. Oral and transdermal formulations of clonidine are moderately effective in reducing hot flashes. Results of studies evaluating venlafaxine, paroxetine, and gabapentin suggest greater reductions in hot-flash frequency and severity compared with those of clonidine. Fluoxetine appears to display a modest benefit compared with paroxetine, although no comparative trials have been conducted. Most women studied in these trials had a history of breast cancer, and many were taking concurrent tamoxifen. All of these agents were fairly well tolerated. Conclusions. Clonidine, venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and gabapentin are nonhormonal agents that have demonstrated efficacy in small controlled and uncontrolled trials in reducing hot flashes and should be considered in patients unwilling or unable to take hormonal therapies.
Extramediastinal Bronchogenic Cysts in Children

Three children with subcutaneous masses were found to have extramediastinal bronchogenic cysts. The suprasternal area is by far the most common location of this highly unusual embryonic rest cyst. In one of our patients a cyst was located in the scapular region, which is a particularly rare site. To date only 41 subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts have been reported. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult, although the presence of clear mucoid material within the cyst may suggest the diagnosis. The histologic presence of ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar or cuboidal epithelium, mucus-secreting glands, smooth muscles, and occasional cartilage establishes the diagnosis.
Stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife for acoustic neuromas.

Purpose : To assess the efficacy and toxicity of stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife for acoustic neuromas. Methods and Materials : Between January 1990 and January 1993, 36 patients with acoustic neuromas were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife. The median maximum tumor diameter was 21 mm (range : 6-32 mm). Tumor volumes encompassed within the prescribed isodose line varied from 266 to 8,667 mm 3 (median : 3,135 mm 3 ). Tumors 30 mm received 16 Gy. The dose was prescribed to the 50% isodose line in 31 patients and to the 45%, 55%, 60%, 70%, and 80% isodose line in one patient each. The median number of isocenters per tumor was 5 (range : 1-12). Results : At a median follow-up of 16 months (range : 2.5-36 months), all patients were alive. Thirty-five patients had follow-up imaging studies. Nine tumors (26%) were smaller, and 26 tumors (74%) were unchanged. No tumor had progressed. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidences of facial neuropathy were 52.2% and 66.5%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidences of trigeminal neuropathy were 33.7% and 58.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year actuarial incidence of facial or trigeminal neuropathy (or both) was 60.8% and 81.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the following were associated with the time of onset or worsening of facial weakness or trigeminal neuropathy : (a) patients five isocenters. The 1- and 2-year actuarial rates of preservation of useful hearing (Gardner-Robertson class I or II) were 100% and 41.7% ± 17.3, respectively. Conclusion : Stereotactic radiosurgery using the gamma knife provides short-term control of acoustic neuromas when a dose of 16 to 20 Gy to the tumor margin is used. Preservation of useful hearing can be accomplished in a significant proportion of patients.
ATP enhances catecholamine uptake into PC12 cells.

Catecholamine uptake into PC 12 cells, in the presence and absence of ATP, was measured in a bicarbonate-buffered Krebs Ringer. ATP enhanced significantly the uptake in a dose-dependent manner with maximal uptake at 1–3 mM. ATP increased the Vmax of uptake by 3–5 fold for both dopamine and norepinephrine, without a significant change in the Km. ATP-stimulated amine uptake was temperature- and Na+- dependent and robust in bicarbonate, but not in HEPES buffer. The ability to enhance uptake was not observed with metabolites of ATP. GTP and UTP were equally effective to ATP in enhancing CA uptake. This uptake was less sensitive to uptake inhibitors in bicarbonate buffered media than in phosphate-buffered media, and more so in the presence of ATP. It is suggested that ATP is an allosteric modulator of the transporter and that a stable ATP analog, with ATP-like enhancement of dopamine uptake, may be an effective cocaine antagonist.
The Wave-Lengths of the Silver, Molybdenum, Copper, Iron and Chromium K α 1 Lines

It has been shown that a double crystal spectrometer can be used to measure x-ray wave-lengths with a precision as great or greater than that obtained by the usual methods. The purpose of the present work was to determine the x-ray wave-lengths of several important lines by using such a spectrometer, and to compare the results with the most precise values which have been obtained by other methods. From two to five orders have been measured in each case, but in the following table only the order which was given greatest weight has been listed. The results on the silver and molybdenum $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ lines, which are symmetrical lines, agree satisfactorily with the results obtained by the photographic methods. The $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ lines of copper, iron and chromium which were found to be asymmetrical differ considerably from the results of photographic methods. Most of the other lines of the copper, iron and chromium $K$ series were also found to be asymmetrical. Thus it appears that the double crystal spectrometer has a decided advantage in the measurement of wave-lengths of such lines.
Arginine vasopressin receptors in pig cerebral microvessels, cerebral cortex and hippocampus

Abstract We tested for the presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors in pig cerebral microvessels, cerebral cortex and hippocampus by specific binding methods with [ 3 H]AVP as the ligand. The specific binding of [ 3 H]AVP to all preparations was saturable and Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of high affinity binding sites (dissociation constant of 1–2 nM). Maximal binding capacity in cerebral microvessels was about 60% that of the cerebral cortex; and there were no apparent differences in the maximal binding capacity between cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest the existence of AVP receptor sites in cerebral microvessels and support the hypothesis that AVP has a role in the control of the brain microcirculation.
Enabling semantic technologies in publish and subscribe middleware

The Publish and Subscribe (pub/sub) dissemination paradigm has emerged as a popular means of disseminating time-sensitive or filtered information, usually in the form of middleware within the enterprise systems of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA). Through the use of an event service, or broker, published information is disseminated only to the subscribers interested in that information. However, brokering semantically rich information, especially with resource constrained (e.g. limited memory, bandwidth, etc.) subscribers, has not yet been sufficiently explored. We present a service-oriented approach for enabling semantic technologies in pub/sub systems. We map the explicit client subscriptions to the semantic context of the published data, allowing implicit data to be disseminated to the subscriber while enforcing security policies across semantically related data. To illustrate, we show that semantic technologies not only enable semantically rich content sharing but contribute data reduction suitable for resource constrained clients and security policy enforcement capabilities.
Fitting in and feeling fine: Conformity and coping motives as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and problematic drinking.

The present research was conducted to clarify the relationships among social anxiety, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and negative-reinforcement drinking motives among college students. Heavy drinking students (N = 316, 53.80% female) completed self-report measures of social anxiety, alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, and drinking motives. Findings indicated that students higher in social anxiety consumed less alcohol but experienced more negative consequences. Moreover, the relationship between social anxiety and negative consequences was mediated by coping and conformity drinking motives in addition to alcohol consumption. In the context of social anxiety, the current research demonstrates the importance of examining problematic drinking as distinct constructs: alcohol consumption and negative consequences. Findings are also discussed in terms of implications for interventions with socially anxious students.
Plane wave gravitons, curvature singularities and string physics

Bounded (compactifying) potentials arising from a conspiracy between plane wave graviton and dilaton condensates are discussed. So are string propagation and supersymmetry in space-times with curvature singularities.
Natural history of symptoms of depression and anxiety during inpatient treatment on general medicine wards.

Objective:To establish the frequency of criteria-based depression and anxiety in newly admitted medical inpatients and to determine the natural history of depressive and anxiety symptoms during hospitalization.
Evolution in Fine-Grained Environments. II. Habitat Selection as a Homeostatic Mechanism

A model of genotype specific habitat selection is developed for an organism subject to within-lifetime environmental fluctuations. Habitat selection is first overlaid upon both hard and soft selection Levene models with either discrete or continuous habitats. It is shown that even if all genotypes have identical physiological and fitness responses within a habitat, habitat selection can still maintain a polymorphism. In other words, physiological divergence is not a necessary prerequisite for divergence in habitat preferences. Within-lifetime environmental variability is then assumed to occur within each chosen habitat. It is shown that habitat selection acts as an evolutionary filter that can enhance the fitness impact of some niches and effectively eliminate the impact of others such that it generally increases the chances for a polymorphism under soft selection. However, density-dependent effects obscure the relationship between physiological fitness and evolutionary outcome. Indeed, it is possible for selection to favor an allele causing its bearers to preferentially go to the niche to which they are least physiologically adapted. Hence, changes in habitat preference can evolve before an organism has completely adapted physiologically to a new habitat. The titness impact of habitat selection interacts with both homeostatic avoidance mechanisms (i.e., short-term buffering) and with tolerance (long-term) mechanisms. In general, habitat selection will be most favored in those organisms deficient in long-term tolerance. Moreover, habitat selection tends to accentuate selection favoring short-term avoidance mechanisms. Thus, organisms displaying much habitat selection should have poor physiological long-term tolerances but effective physiological short-term avoidance mechanisms. Finally, if the fitness costs associated with habitat selection are too large to be ignored and are comparable for all genotypes, habitat selection directs the selective pressures back onto the physiological homeostatic capabilities. Hence, the very existence and extent of habitat selection depends critically upon the physiological capabilities of the organism.
The effect of pulse charging on the cycle-life performance of zinc/nickel oxide cells

Abstract The effect of various pulse-charging regimens on the lifetime and performance of model 1.5 A h zinc/nickel oxide cells has been determined. Charging frequencies ranged from 8.3 to 60 Hz, peak charging current densities ranged from 3.9 to 40.6 mA cm−2, and charge off-time/on-time ratios varied from 1/1 to 9/1. All cells were subjected to 2.5 h constant-power discharges to 100% of the nickel oxide electrode capacity. The best cycle-life performance was obtained using a pulse-charging regimen of 30 ms on/90 ms off with 16 mA cm−2 peak current density. The cell lost capacity at a rate of 0.21%/ cycle, which represents a two- to three-fold improvement compared with the rate of capacity loss for cells charged using constant current.
Anger imagery and corrugator electromyography

Abstract Electromyography (EMG) of corrugator muscle activity has been positively related to negative affective states and psychopathology. Research exploring the relationship between corrugator EMG and personality traits is lacking. The relationship between corrugator EMG and state—trait anger was examined using affective imagery in 52 undergraduate females divided into high and low trait anger groups. Results indicated that the high group reported greater difficulty with imagery, but reported more anger during the angry imagery as compared to the low anger group. Covarying imagery ability, no group differences in corrugator EMG were apparent. The greater experience of subjective anger by the high anger group was not associated with greater corrugator EMG or better imagery ability.
Process Evaluation of a Career Course: A Replication and Extension

A process evaluation of a three-credit, upper division career course at a southeastern university is described. Student responses to a standardized course rating instrument were analyzed. Anonymous course evaluations of 293 students enrolled in 11 sections of the career course were compared to student ratings of one section of the course 5 years earlier, and normative data taken from summary reports provided by the university. Results indicated that student perceptions of the course are consistent over time, and more positive in classes meeting multiple times per week. The course was rated higher in course demands, student-instructor involvement, and course organization than other courses. The career course was rated lower in student interest than other courses. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed. Course designers and instructors might benefit from using the information gleaned from this study in structuring career courses and in planning course schedules.
Specific seroreactivity of Crohn's disease patients against p35 and p36 antigens of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is similar to Johne's disease in ruminants. Recent data have strengthened the association of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) with CD. To provide more evidence of an etiological association, antibody reactivities from CD patients were tested by immunoblotting against recombinant antigens that were identified previously from our M. paratuberculosis genomic library. Two clones (designated pMptb#40 (3.2-kb insert) and #48 (1.4-kb insert) expressing a 35K (p35)- and 36K(p36)-antigens showed specific reactivities with serum samples from CD patients. Serum samples from 75% of 53 CD patients, 14% of 35 normal individuals and 10% of 10 ulcerative colitis patients reacted to p35 antigen. Reactivities were also observed with serum samples from 89% of 89 CD patients, 14% of 50 normal controls and 15% of 29 ulcerative colitis patients reacted with p36 antigen. When the reactivity results from p35 and p36 were combined, the background from the controls was eliminated, i.e. only the CD patients reacted to both p35 and p36. The positive predictive value was 98% with specificity of 98% and the negative predictive value was 76% with sensitivity of 74% (39 positive out of 53). A statistical significance (p<0.0001) was observed when the results from CD serum samples reacting with either or both antigens were compared to the controls. The reactivity of anti-M. paratuberculosis (specifically against p35 and p36 antigens) antibodies in a significant proportion of CD patients would suggest a causal role for the organism in CD.
Event-related potential changes in healthy aged females

Neurophysiological changes in the central nervous system were demonstrated with EEG even-related potentials in healthy, aged women. Compared to young women, the aged women showed decreased amplitude of the late sustained potential (SP), increased P2 latency, disruption of the normal stimulus intensity-response amplitude function of P2 and increased amplitude of the P1 component. These age-related changes are interpreted as neurophysiological reflections of CNS deterioration found in non-senile elderly persons.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the New hypho-Carborane Clusters endo-7-[Ph2(H)P]-8-R-hypho-7,8-C2B6H11 with Ylide-Like Cage Carbons

The new hypho-class carboranes endo-7-[Ph2(H)P]-8-R-hypho-7,8-C 2 B 6 H 1 1 (R = H, Me) were prepared from the reactions of Na + [arachno-4,6-C 2 B 7 H 1 2 ] - and Na + [4-Me-arachno-4,6-C 2 B 7 H 1 1 ] - with Ph 2 PCl. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic determinations and DFT/GIAO computational studies established that while the endo-7-[Ph2(H)P]-8-R-hypho-7,8-C 2 B 6 H 1 1 cages (R = H, Me) have frameworks that are consistent with those which have been adopted by other isoelectronic eight-vertex hypho clusters, the cage carbon having the Ph 2 (H)P substituent exhibits a shortened phosphorus-carbon bond, suggesting an ylide-like character.
Markers for macrophage and osteoclast lineages in giant cell lesions of the oral cavity.

Abstract Purpose Giant cell lesions of the oral cavity are a well recognized entity. However, the histogenesis of these lesions is still the subject of controversy, with support for both histiocyte/macrophage and osteoclast origins being found in the literature. This study evaluated a set of peripheral giant cell lesions (PGCLs) and central giant cell lesions (CGCLs) for characteristics of both cell types to address this dilemma. Materials and Methods Detection of histiocyte/macrophage characteristics was accomplished immunohistochemically by evaluating for markers specific for this cell type, namely α-1-antichymotrypsin (1-ACT) and factor XIIIa antibodies. Detection of osteoclast characteristics made use of the fact that osteoclasts possess a unique enzyme, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which can be appreciated by histochemical procedures. Results A large percentage of the multinucleated cells stained with the 1-ACT (38.08% in PGCLs and 15.84% in CGCLs), while only isolated cells stained for factor XIIIa (1.20% PGCLs, 0.99% CGCLs). Isolated stromal cells also were stained. Virtually all multinucleated cells reacted with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain (99.26% PGCLs, 98.34% CGCLs), as did a number of the mononuclear stromal cells. Conclusions This study supports the contention that GCLs of the oral cavity may arise from precursor cells related to the granulocyte/macrophage line, and may originate from mononuclear cells that express markers for both macrophages and osteoclasts.
Generalization of the Modified WKB Approximation for Phase Shifts

A generalization of the modified WKB method proposed by Good and by Rosen and Yennie as applied to the scattering problem is presented. In the formulation of this problem the main equation connects two parts, the solved part and the part to be solved. We consider not only the case where the radical wave function of the solved part has the form of the three-dimensional free-particle solution, as is done by the authors mentioned above, but also where it has the form given by an explicit solution with a known potential. The closer the resemblance between the potentials of the unsolved and the solved parts, the better the result is.
Design Method of Dynamic Similarity of the Rotor-Bearing System

To predict the vibration characteristics of the rotor-bearing system by using the scale model and the associated scaling laws may significantly reduce the time and money required by the experiments. To this end, the dynamic similarity criteria are investigated inferring from the model behavior of rotor-bearing system to the vibration response of the prototype. The similar relationship was established by combining method of dimensional analysis and equation analysis based on similarity theory, and the effectiveness was verified through the finite element method. The result provide the theoretical rational for further study of the similarity design of the rotor-bearing system.
Examining the influence of control and convenience in a self-service setting

The constructs of perceived control and convenience have been identified in previous qualitative studies of self-service technology (SST) use as important factors; yet empirically their effects are relatively unknown. Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study explores how control and convenience perceptions influence customers’ utilitarian (speed of transaction) and hedonic (exploration) motivations for using an SST. In addition, we explore how trust in a service provider influences customers’ future SST intentions. Two studies were undertaken to assess both users and nonusers’ evaluations of an SST. The results revealed that perceived control and convenience do impact the intentions of customers to use an SST in the future; however, their impact was mediated through the constructs of speed of transaction, exploration, and trust. Increased control and convenience perceptions influenced exploration, trust and speed evaluations, which in turn were associated with stronger perceived value, higher SST satisfaction judgments, and increased SST usage intentions. Managerial implications stemming from the empirical findings are discussed along with directions for future research.