cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Functional Composition Approach to Filter Sharpening and Modular Filter Design

Designing and implementing systems as an interconnection of smaller subsystems is a common practice for modularity and standardization of components and design algorithms. Although not typically cast in this framework, many of these approaches can be viewed within the mathematical context of functional composition. This paper re-interprets and generalizes within the functional composition framework one such approach known as filter sharpening, i.e., interconnecting filter modules which have significant approximation error in order to obtain improved filter characteristics. More specifically, filter sharpening is approached by determining the composing polynomial to minimize the infinity-norm of the approximation error, utilizing the First Algorithm of Remez. This is applied both to sharpening for FIR, even-symmetric filters and for the more general case of subfilters that have complex-valued frequency responses including causal IIR filters and for continuous-time filters. Within the framework of functional composition, this paper also explores the use of functional decomposition to approximate a desired system as a composition of simpler functions based on a two-norm on the approximation error. Among the potential advantages of this decomposition is the ability for modular implementation in which the inner component of the functional decomposition represents the subfilters and the outer the interconnection.
XCBC and XNIT - Tools for Cluster Implementation and Management in Research and Training

The Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment has created a suite of software collectively known as the XSEDE-compatible basic cluster (XCBC). It has been distributed as a Rocks Roll for some time. The same scientific and supporting packages are available as individual RPM packages as the XSEDE National Integration Toolkit (XNIT), so they can be downloaded and installed in portions as appropriate on existing clusters. In this paper, we examine using the LittleFe design created by the Earlham College Cluster Computing Group as a teaching tool to show the deployment of XCBC from Rocks. In addition, the demonstration of the commercial Limulus HPC200 Deskside Cluster solution is shown as a viable, off-the-shelf cluster that can be adapted to become an XSEDE-like cluster through the use of the XNIT repository. The goal is to demonstrate building practical XCBCs while showing that an XCBC need not be an expensive resource to be useful.
Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortex ablations in cats. II. Sleep-wakefulness, EEG, and motor activity.

Abstract The effects of caudate nuclei ablation or frontal cortex removal on the percentages of wakefulness and sleep stages, spontaneous motor activity, and the EEG were studied in cats by means of 24-hr polygraphic recordings for a 6-month period. A significant, permanent, reduction of sleep (particularly REM sleep) and an increase in motor activity were observed in cats with removal of most of the frontal tissue in front of the A22 stereotaxic plane. A similar decrease in sleep was also observed in animals with bilateral, almost total, removal of the caudate nuclei, but this reduction almost fully recovered after the second postlesion month. Motor hyperactivity was more marked in cats with caudate ablations than in cats with frontal ablations and persisted indefinitely. No marked or lasting effects on the EEG were observed. Sham-operated cats and those with unilateral caudate removal behaved like intact cats. It is concluded that both the frontal cortex and the caudate nuclei are parts of a postulated, complex, forebrain system modularing brain stem activating-deactivating central nervous system mechanisms.
Correspondence Journals: Talk That Matters

Correspondence journals between adults and elementary-school students promote child-centered discussion and learning that is often squeezed out of our curricula. Through an extended example of an exchange of letters between a fifth-grade classroom, including several English-language learners, and a university classroom of preservice teachers, the author describes how these writing exchanges are a powerful tool for student reflection and risk taking. They offer children an opportunity to experiment with ways to position themselves in their writing, to gain distance on themselves and on their learning, and to engage in conversation about literacy with literate adult role models. Classroom teachers, rather than being mere bystanders, also benefit from these exchanges. The reflective teacher, as the informed observer, can use the correspondence journals to take on three professional roles: to become a connector who puts together the literacy pieces of their students' writing lives; to act as the challenger who pushes the child up the ladder of development while providing needed assistance; and to serve as a namer who, as Frank Smith would say, names the children as members of the literacy club.
High temporal resolution MRI quantification of global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in response to apneic challenge.

We present a technique for quantifying global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in absolute physiologic units at 3-second temporal resolution and apply the technique to quantify the dynamic CMRO2 response to volitional apnea. Temporal resolution of 3 seconds was achieved via a combination of view sharing and superior sagittal sinus-based estimation of total cerebral blood flow (tCBF) rather than tCBF measurement in the neck arteries. These modifications were first validated in three healthy adults and demonstrated to produce minimal errors in image-derived blood flow and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) values. The technique was then applied in 10 healthy adults during an apnea paradigm of three repeated 30-second breath-holds. Subject-averaged baseline tCBF, arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVO2D), and CMRO2 were 48.6±7.0 mL/100 g per minute, 29.4±3.4 %HbO2, and 125.1±11.4 μmol/100 g per minute, respectively. Subject-averaged maximum changes in tCBF and AVO2D were 43.5±9.4% and −32.1±5.7%, respectively, resulting in a small (6.0±3.5%) but statistically significant (P=0.00044, two-tailed t-test) increase in average end-apneic CMRO2. This method could be used to investigate neurometabolic–hemodynamic relationships in normal physiology, to better define the biophysical origins of the BOLD signal, and to quantify neurometabolic responsiveness in diseases of altered neurovascular reactivity.
Identification of Methylene-Bridged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Products of Catechol Pyrolysis

As methylene-bridged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known for their carcinogenicity and occurrence in solid-fuel byproducts and environmental samples, we have employed high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array ultraviolet- visible absorbance and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC/UV/MS) to search for methylene-bridged PAH among the products of the laboratory-scale pyrolysis of cate- chol, a model fuel representing aromatic moieties in coal, tobacco, and plant-based biomass fuels. Utilizing two different octadecylsilica columns and five different mobile- phase separation methods, the HPLC/UV/MS analyses have led to the unequivocal identification of six methylene-bridged PAH among the products of catechol pyrolysis at 1000°C and 0.3 s in a laminar-flow reactor: the C15H10 4H-cyclopenta- [def]phenanthrene, the C19H12 11H-benz[bc]aceanthrylene and 4H-cyclopenta[def]- chrysene, the C21H12 11H-indeno[2,1,7-cde]pyrene and 4H-benzo[def]cyclopenta[mno]- chrysene, and the C23H12 1H-benzo[ghi]...
γ-synuclein has a dynamic intracellular localization

gamma-Synuclein is a member of the synuclein family consisting of three proteins. Within the last several years increasing attention has focused on these proteins because of their role in human diseases. alpha-Synuclein relevance to Parkinson's disease is based on mutations found in familial cases of the disease and its presence in filaments and inclusion bodies in sporadic cases. gamma-Synuclein is implicated in some forms of cancer and ocular diseases, while beta-synuclein may antagonize their pathological functions. In this paper we present data on the localization and properties of gamma-synuclein in several neuronal and nonneuronal cell cultures. We show that contrary to the current opinion, gamma-synuclein is not an exclusively cytoplasmic protein, but has a dynamic localization and can associate with subcellular structures. It is present in the perinuclear area and may be associated to centrosomes. On late steps of mitosis gamma-synuclein is not found in the centrosomes, and redistributes to the midbody in telophase. Under stress conditions a translocation of gamma-synuclein from the perinuclear area to the nucleus occurs exhibiting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. gamma-Synuclein overexpression reduces neurite outgrowth in a greater extent then alpha-synuclein overexpression. These data support the view that gamma-synuclein may change its intracellular localization and associate with subcellular structures in response to intracellular signaling or stress.
Radionuclide and chemical concentrations in mineral waters at Saratoga Springs, New York.

Abstract A project to characterize the radionuclide and chemical components in natural spring waters in the vicinity of Saratoga Springs, New York (USA) has been completed. As a result of the measured radionuclide and chemical content, eight springs were labeled as mineral waters, whereas three springs contained very low concentrations of these components. The mineral waters were highly enriched in alkaline and alkaline-earth elements, as well as chloride ions. Three isotopes of radium ( 224 Ra, 226 Ra, 228 Ra) were detected in the mineral waters and reached concentrations of 1, 20, and 2 Bq/L, respectively. Overall, the 226 Ra isotope constituted about 80% of the total radioactivity measured in the water samples. Dissolved uranium concentrations in the mineral waters were very low (mean ∼50 mBq/L).
Dynamic and disequilibrium analysis of interdependent infrastructure systems

There is a growing awareness in recent years that the interdependencies among the civil infrastructure systems have significant economic, security and engineering implications that may influence their resiliency, efficiency and effectiveness. To capture the various types of infrastructure interdependencies and incorporate them into decision-making processes in various application domains, Zhang and Peeta (2011) propose a generalized modeling framework that combines a multilayer infrastructure network (MIN) concept and a market-based economic approach using computable general equilibrium (CGE) theory and its spatial extension (SCGE) to formulate a static equilibrium infrastructure interdependencies problem. This paper extends the framework to address the dynamic and disequilibrium aspects of the infrastructure interdependencies problems. It briefly reviews the static model, and proposes an alternative formulation for it using the variational inequality (VI) technique. Based on this equivalent VI formulation, a within-period equilibrium-tending dynamic model is proposed to illustrate how these systems evolve towards an equilibrium state within a short duration after a perturbation. To address a longer time scale, a multi-period dynamic model is proposed. This model explicitly considers the evolution of infrastructure interdependencies over time and the temporal interactions among the various systems through dynamic parameters that link the different time periods. Using this model, numerical experiments are conducted for a special case with a single region to analyze the sensitivity of the model to the various parameters, and demonstrate the ability of the modeling framework to formulate and solve practical problems such as cascading failures, disaster recovery, and budget allocation in a dynamic setting.
Ribozyme trans-splicing and RNA tagging: following the messenger.

Splicing ribozymes can be used to repair mutant RNA transcripts in mammalian cells (pages 643–648).
The Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Its origin and purposes.

T is all but impossible for the modern generation of scientists and clinicians to understand the abysmal ignorance before the 1940s with regard to the mechanism and treatments of arterial hypertension. The majority of physicians worldwide did not consider hypertension of major importance. That it could produce stroke and myocardial, renal, and vascular disease was suspected bijt not widely accepted. Some still believed, when they thought about it at all, that lowering blood pressure would reduce renal blood flow and lead to uremia! The causal relationship to stroke was vaguely perceived but lowering average blood pressure to prevent stroke was rarely considered. Since the time of Bright, renal disease had been believed to be associated mainly with a "hardened pulse" (which we now know as hypertension), but no attempt was made to relieve it. Some confusion occurred more recently when George Pickering stressed the idea that hypertension was not a disease but simply the expression of the upper end of the blood pressure scale — a quantitative, not a qualitative, aberration.
Kings and Kin groups: The Evolution and Devolution of States

Mesoamerican Elites: An Archaeological Assessment. Diane Z. Chase and Arlen F. Chase (editors). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. xiv + 375 pp., illustrations, bibliography, index, figures, tables. $39.95 (cloth), $15.95 (paper). ISBN 0-0861-2371-0, ISBN 0-8061-2666-3. War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding States and Indigenous Warfare. Brian Ferguson and Neil L. Whitehead (editors). Santa Fe: School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series, 1992. xiv + 303 pp. $35.00 (cloth), $15.95 (paper). ISBN 0-933452-79-9, ISBN 0-933452-80-2. Craft and the Kingly Ideal: Art, Trade, and Power. Mary W. Helms. Austin: University of Texas Press,1993. xii + 287pp. $42.50 (cloth), $18.95 (paper). ISBN 0-292-73074-8, ISBN 0-292-73078-0.
Distributed protection, control and recording in IEC 61850 based substation automation systems

This paper describes GOOSE and GSSE messages as defined in IEC 61850 and how they can be used for different distributed applications. Merging units based on IEC 61850 9-2 send sampled values that can be used by communications based intelligent electronic devices (IED) to further reduce the hard wiring in a substation. Distributed protection applications example includes directional comparison bus protection. Distributed waveform recording of short circuit faults or other abnormal system conditions based on different types of IEDs is also discussed in the paper. Distributed fault and event recording based on the reporting features of IEC 61850 is presented as well. The primary and backup protection, control, monitoring and recording functions are distributed between different multifunctional IEDs and the substation client. The described distributed applications result in an integrated substation automation system that meets all functional requirements, while at the same time the overall cost is reduced due to the reduced wiring between the substation primary equipment and the IEDs.
Temperature sharing to support remote relationships

Among the data that can now be readily sensed and shared, we believe temperature has potential to support relationships, because people perceive warmth as intimate and temperature as indicative of comfort and wellness. We interviewed 20 participants who interacted with prototypes of temperature sensing and sharing systems. Participants believed that shared temperature information could make their remote relationships stronger by supporting coordination, reassurance, and intimacy. They also perceived many challenges common in UbiComp -- such as difficulty interpreting data and tradeoffs between intimacy and privacy. We discuss nuances and guidelines for using temperature information as "shared informatics" and how these results can inform future research and system designs.
Initial Validation of a Spanish-Language Version of the Client Satisfaction Inventory

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language version of the Client Satisfaction Inventory (CSIS), including both long and short forms. Method: Reliability and validity were examined using results from 244 clients in six agencies. Further tests of the short form were completed on 62 clients from three agencies. Results: Findings indicate that the same items comprising the short-form English-language version can be used as a short-form of the Spanish version, that both versions have factor structures comparable to their English-language counterparts, and both have high internal consistency. Evidence of good content and criterion validity for each version was also obtained, though total scores on both versions correlated moderately with measures of depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Both forms appear to have acceptable measurement characteristics and perform similarly to English-language versions, except for the question of whether they measure satisfaction independently of mood s...
Oxbridge's Tudor Gothic influences on American academic architecture

Since the founding of Harvard College in 1636, Oxford and Cambridge have significantly influenced American institutions of higher learning. Yet, their architectural legacy has received scant attention. This article addresses this important dimension in four ways. First, the architectural historiography of American higher education is discussed by reviewing both comprehensive works and institutional histories of colleges and universities. The second section explores the meaning of the Gothic architectural style, with particular attention devoted to its theological and mystical dimensions. Insights from Aquinas and Bonaventure are used to explain the rationales for building the earliest Gothic cathedrals and the meaning of their structures. The large third section then describes the importation of these Gothic and Tudor Gothic designs to American campuses, as noted in architectural digests and institutional histories. There appear to be four overlapping stages in the adoption of this academic architectural ...
Quantum Monte Carlo study of polyexcitons in semiconductors

A variational Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the binding energies and ground-state wave functions of two-, three-, and four-exciton complexes in indirect-band-gap semiconductors within the spherical-effective-mass approximation. The results for two-exciton complexes (biexcitons) have been compared with those of Green's-function Monte Carlo calculations which produce exact ground-state energies within statistical error; the variational results recover about 90% of the binding energy of these systems. For three- and four-exciton complexes in Si, we predict that the binding energy with respect to the smaller complex with one less exciton is about 2.2 meV, in fair agreement with the experimental value of 2.5 meV.
Analysis of microvascular changes in frostbite injury

Abstract Reported here is the characterization of the hairless mouse ear as a model system for defining the microvascular effects of minimal frostbite injury by means of gross, in vivo microscopic, histologic, and electron microscopic analysis. Initial efforts, using controlled temperatures and time of freezing, defined the minimum conditions necessary to produce consistent tissue necrosis to be −4°C for 3 min. In vivo observation, after rapid thaw, showed a return of blood flow to apparent normal prefreeze rates, followed by a gradual sludging of blood 15 to 20 min post-thaw and eventually in cessation of blood flow. No vascular spasm was observed. Histologic and electron microscopic examination, unexpectedly, did not reveal evidence of early platelet or fibrin thrombi. However, marked vasodilatation and circulatory congestion began 2–3 hr after thawing. Subsequently, prominent discontinuities between damaged endothelial cells and breaks in the microvascular basement membranes were found at the light and ultrastructural level. Interstitial edema and extravasated erythrocytes occurred shortly thereafter, preceding gross tissue necrosis evident at post-freeze Day 3. We conclude that in this animal system thrombus formation is not an initial event, but rather that vascular injury in the form of endothelial cell damage predominates in early frostbite injury.
Relationship between Bender Errors, Emotional Indicators and Performance on Bender Recall.

Summary.-The relationship between Bender Recall score and number of emotional indicators on the Bender was investigated with a sample of 100 children referred within the public school system for evaluation over a 2-yr. period. No relationship was found between number of emotional indicators and either recall or Bender errors. Recall score was significantly related to quality of original Bender productions. The Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test represents a frequently administered projective technique for the differential diagnosis of children referred to the school psychologist as demonstrating learning or behavior problems in the classroom. While originally developed as a measure of organicity (Z), later investigators expanded upon its use as a diagnostic instrument. Koppitz (4), in addition to developing a scoring system for errors, also identified 10 emotional indicators which may appear in children's and adult's reproductions of the designs and which may be used to differentiate between well-adjusted and maladjusted individuals. Ability to recall Bender designs is also used as a diagnostic tool (3). Rogers and Swenson (7) concluded that the Bender Recall is a reasonable screening device for short-term memory for mentally deficient samples and found a significant positive correlation between Bender Recall and freedom from distractibility. Recall scores tend to increase with IQ (9) and age (3). While Koppitz (5) found Recall unrelated to emotional problems, she points out the fact that small samples require replication. Relatively few studies have investigated the correlates of Bender Recall with referred children who are frequently given this test. Since poor attention span, distractibility, and poor short-term memory are frequently cited in the referrals of children suspected of having emotional problems, the present study investigated the relationship between production of emotional indicators on the Bender protocol and performance on the Bender Recall. The sample of 100 children in a metropolitan-area public school system was referred for evaluation during a 2-yr. period. Children were referred for a wide variety of reasons and were representative of the types of referrals made in a large school system. Subjects ranged in age from 6-4 to 16-10, with a mean age of 11-2 (SD = 2.93). All subjects were admin~stered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children-Revised, the Bender Visual-motor Gestalt Test for children, and the Bender Recall as part of the standard diagnostic battery. The school psychologists who administered these instruments were unaware of the questions being investigated. Bender protocols of the children in the 6- to 10-yr. age-group were objectively scored using the Koppitz system and all protocols were scored for number of emotional indicators (4). The Bender Recall, as developed by Snyder and Pope (8), occurs immediately
Marketing and airline corporate planning

Abstract This article focuses upon the impact of marketing on the corporate planning process in the air transport industry. The literature of consequence to marketing, corporate planning, and airline planning is synthesized into a normative planning structure and a framework of marketing dimensional elements.
Display research at the Army Research Laboratory

The Army Research Laboratory has had an active program in displays for many years since all Amy systems require displays of some type. Historically the program was predominately a 6.2 to 6.3 development work. Over the last few years the emphasis has been changing to more basic work. This paper discusses our current program.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A recursive QR approach to adaptive equalization of time-varying MIMO channels

This paper presents a novel adaptive equalization algorithm for time-varying MIMO systems with ISI channel conditions. The algorithm avoids channel estimation before equalization and leads to a direct QR-based procedure for updating the equalizer coefficients to track the time- varying channel characteristics. Our approach does not require precise channel estimation and needs relatively few pilot symbols for satisfactory equalization. The theoretical foundations of the pro- posed algorithm are rooted in signal recovery results derived from the generalized Bezout identity and the finite alphabet property inherent in digital communication schemes. Concerning the con- vergence behavior of the algorithm, we address the following three issues: existence of fixed points, exclusiveness of fixed points, and robustness under noise disturbance and parameter selection. The equalizer demonstrates promising capability in achieving low symbol error rates for a very broad range of SNRs. Simulation results are presented confirming that this approach outperforms the more traditional recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive equalizer for this application and rivals the performance of MMSE equalizers requiring channel knowledge.
Synthesis and Structures of Monomeric Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium Amides Involving the N,N-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)(trimethylsilyl)amido Ligand

An extended family of aryl-substituted alkaline earth metal silylamides M{N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)(SiMe3)}donorn was prepared using alkane elimination (Mg), salt elimination (Ca, Sr, Ba), and direct metala...
Rab15 Mediates an Early Endocytic Event in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Rab GTPases comprise a large family of monomeric proteins that regulate a diverse number of membrane trafficking events, including endocytosis. In this paper, we examine the subcellular distribution and function of the GTPase Rab15. Our biochemical and confocal immunofluorescence studies demonstrate that Rab15 associates with the transferrin receptor, a marker for the early endocytic pathway, but not with Rab7 or the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, markers for late endosomal membranes. Furthermore, Rab15 colocalizes with Rab4 and -5 on early/sorting endosomes, as well as Rab11 on pericentriolar recycling endosomes. Consistent with its localization to early endosomal membranes, overexpression of the constitutively active mutant HArab15Q67L reduces receptor-mediated and fluid phase endocytosis. Therefore, our functional studies suggest that Rab15 may function as an inhibitory GTPase in early endocytic trafficking.
Abdominal bloating in employed adults: prevalence, risk factors, and association with other bowel disorders

Abdominal Bloating in Employed Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Association With Other Bowel Disorders
Membranous Nephropathy in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma

THE MOST COMMON cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults is membranous nephropathy (MN). Most cases of MN are idiopathic. However, several studies have suggested that approximately 10% of cases are associated with carcinomas. 1.2 The pathogenic mechanism is postulated to involve an antibody response to a tumorassociated antigen, resulting in immune complex formation in glomeruli. Evidence for this hypothesis includes the demonstration of antibodies to tumor antigens in the glomerular deposits and in the serum of patients with both MN and a carcinoma. 3 The most common carcinomas associated with MN involve the lung and gastrointestinal tract.!-3 There is only one case report in the literature of an association between the nephrotic syndrome due to MN and renal cell carcinoma4 ; we now describe another patient with the nephrotic syndrome due to MN who was also found to have a renal cell carcinoma.
Ghosts From the Past: An Examination of Romantic Relationships and Self-Discrepancy

Researchers have previously reported a negative association between romantic involvement and the discrepancy between the actual self and the ideal self. The authors present a schema-based model of romantic involvement and self-discrepancy to help explain this association, focusing on the impact of terminated relationships—"ghosts from the past." In Study 1, participants primed with a past relationship reported increased self-discrepancy relative to participants primed with a present relationship. Study 2 indicated that this increased self-discrepancy was the result of reexperiencing emotionally negative past romantic relationships. Study 3 revealed the role of depressive affect in negative past romantic relationships. Finally, Study 4 indicated that depressive affect mediated the relation between reexperiencing negative past romantic relationships and experiencing self-discrepancy.
Electron beam processing of interconnection structures in multi-layer ceramic modules

An electron beam is used as a source of energy directly on green Al2O3 to form patterns of holes and channels for subsequent conductive filling. Holes of 0.003 to 0.006 in. diam, and channels of 0.001 to 0.006 in. width and controlled depth were formed in 0.008 in. thick green A12O3 sheets. A channel forming speed of 200 in. per sec was achieved. The mechanism of material removal is discussed. This process is capable of high density interconnection structures needed for high performance module fabrication, and it is adaptable to automation.
Strategies For Managing Multiple Organizational Identifications A Case of Competing Identities

This case study reveals how organization members communicatively manage multiple targets and sources of identification during a time of company transition. Interview accounts are used to examine how members discursively construct understanding as they discuss two competing value-based identity structures. Results reveal three distinct discursive strategies—comparison, logic, and support—that members use to manage identity tensions, and eight corresponding communicative tactics used to enact those strategies. This focus on communicative strategies and tactics is important because identities are expressed through language, and discourse is the means available to organization members for negotiating various identity structures. Discursive strategies are central to the identity formation process and provide a window into the sensemaking of participants.
Can we become friends? Students' cross-racial interaction in post-apartheid South African higher education

This article investigates and documents how undergraduate students in South Africa making meaning of cross-racial interaction on the college campus in a post-apartheid era. Additionally, it explores how students perceive interactions with diverse peers have shifted since apartheid, and how are these interactions indicative of the larger social dynamic of South Africa. Utilising Jansen’s (2009) framework for understanding Afrikaner student perspectives and Critical Race Theory (CRT), this qualitative exploration collected interviews from 10 students at a higher education institution (HEI) in South Africa. Findings identified three overarching themes found among students including contradiction within and across racial groups, Afrikaner White vs. English White and racial segregation on campus. These themes directly correspond with personal and societal aspects that influence meaning making in South Africa including intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics, historical legacy and institutional structures.
DIRECTIONAL HYPOKINESIA AND HEMISPATIAL INATTENTION IN NEGLECT

Subjects with neglect of left hemispace may err to the right when bisecting lines. This error has been attributed either to a directional hypokinesia (failure to execute movements fully in or towards the contralateral hemispace) or to a failure to attend to or represent sensory information. Four subjects with neglect were tested on a line bisection task in which these two hypotheses were differentiated by preventing direct viewing of the line and instead using a video camera and monitor, each of which could be moved independently into right or left hemispace. The performance of 2 subjects was consistent with the predictions of the directional hypokinesia hypothesis; the performance of the other 2 subjects was consistent with the attention-representation deficit hypothesis. These data suggest that both a directional hypokinesia and an attention-representation deficit may each be a primary determinant of neglect.
A study of polyadenylic acid at neutral pH.

The structure of polyadenylic acid at neutral pH has been studied by an examination of the hypochromism of poly A and a series of oligoadenylates. It is shown that essentially complete thermal denaturation curves of almost all these materials can be obtained, and that they correspond to a non-co-operative denaturation process. The apparent van't Hoff denaturation enthalpy derived from these curves is almost independent of chain length over the entire range from the dimer ApA to poly A. It is concluded that the part of the poly A structure, which gives rise to temperature-dependent hypochromism, arises from pair-wise “stacking” interaction between adjacent bases, of a kind which is already present in ApA, and that the structure is not co-operatively formed. Two classes of models of poly A structure consistent with this behavior are discussed.
Wave reflections and left ventricular mass in aortic stenosis

Wave reflections and left ventricular mass in aortic stenosis Prasad Konda, Payman Zamani, Scott Akers, Prithvi Shiva Kumar, Shivapriya Peddireddy, Sanjal Desai, Amin Vakilipour, Chandrahasa Sarabu, Deepa Rawat, Preston Broderick, Julio A. Chirinos. Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
A Vector-Controlled Cycloconverter Drive for an Icebreaker

A high-power high-performance variable-speed drive system using a cycloconverter-fed synchronous motor is described. The control uses the field-orientation principle to give the drive system good steady-state and dynamic performance criteria. The accuracy of the field orientation is improved with the use of current regulators operating in the airgap flux reference frame. The system was manufactured to deliver 16 000 hp to the twin propeller shafts of a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker. The electric components of the system were tested as a unit in the factory and the desired system performance was achieved.
Processing of Gun Propellants in Continuous Shear Roll Mills

The processing of gun propellants can be carried out using the continuous shear roll milling process, which consists of two counterrotating and grooved rolls that are run at different speeds and temperatures and that exhibit different surface roughnesses. During the shear roll milling process, the water content of the propellant is decreased upon heat transfer with the rolls and upon the viscous energy dissipation generated, especially when the propellant is subjected to the shearing action at the nip regions between the two rolls. The propellant can also be granulated. In this process the propellant needs to stick to one roll and detach from the surface of the second roll. Here a mathematical model of the process is developed and is used to explain the experimental findings collected during the shear roll milling of a live gun propellant formulation.
Gas production from a cold, stratigraphically-bounded gas hydrate deposit at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Implications of uncertainties

Abstract As part of an effort to identify suitable targets for a planned long-term field test, we investigate by means of numerical simulation the gas production potential from unit D, a stratigraphically bounded (Class 3) permafrost-associated hydrate occurrence penetrated in the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well on North Slope, Alaska. This shallow, low-pressure deposit has high porosities (ϕ = 0.4), high intrinsic permeabilities (k = 10−12 m2) and high hydrate saturations (SH = 0.65). It has a low temperature (T = 2.3–2.6 °C) because of its proximity to the overlying permafrost. The simulation results indicate that vertical wells operating at a constant bottomhole pressure would produce at very low rates for a very long period. Horizontal wells increase gas production by almost two orders of magnitude, but production remains low. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the initial deposit temperature is by the far the most important factor determining production performance (and the most effective criterion for target selection) because it controls the sensible heat available to fuel dissociation. Thus, a 1 °C increase in temperature is sufficient to increase the production rate by a factor of almost 8. Production also increases with a decreasing hydrate saturation (because of a larger effective permeability for a given k), and is favored (to a lesser extent) by anisotropy.
Network traffic flow theory: Microscopic simulation experiments on supercomputers

Abstract Microscopic simulation experiments are conducted to investigate traffic behavior in urban networks and support the development of network-level traffic flow relations. Previous use of microscopic traffic simulation has been limited by computational resources to small networks. Supercomputers largely alleviate such limitations and allow more elaborate and realistic simulations of traffic in large networks. This paper provides computational experience in simulating large-scale urban traffic networks on a CRAY supercomputer. In addition to the computational results, the experiments address the effect of intersection traffic control on the two-fluid characterization of vehicular flow in congested networks. Evidence is provided from larger networks that supports conclusions reached in earlier work using smaller test networks.
Fractional-order TV-L2 model for image denoising

This paper proposes a new fractional order total variation (TV) denoising method, which provides a much more elegant and effective way of treating problems of the algorithm implementation, ill-posed inverse, regularization parameter selection and blocky effect. Two fractional order TV-L2 models are constructed for image denoising. The majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm is used to decompose these two complex fractional TV optimization problems into a set of linear optimization problems which can be solved by the conjugate gradient algorithm. The final adaptive numerical procedure is given. Finally, we report experimental results which show that the proposed methodology avoids the blocky effect and achieves state-of-the-art performance. In addition, two medical image processing experiments are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methodology.
Express saccades elicited during visual scan in the monkey

Monkeys trained to saccade to visual targets can develop separate “express” and “regular” modes in their distribution of saccadic latencies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this occurs under more natural viewing conditions, when targets are suddenly presented in a structured visual field during visual scan. It was found that scanning saccades stopped appearing 60 msec after a target's onset, and subsequent saccades, which were directed toward the suddenly appearing target, had a bimodal distribution of latencies. Express saccades were more likely to occur as the target was presented later in a fixation. Regular mode saccades were more likely to occur with longer target durations. Scanning saccades made to stimuli of the structured visual field always had unimodal inter-saccadic interval distributions. All these effects were apparent after only 2–3 days of training. These findings, taken together with recent physiological results, suggest that the visuomotor cells of the superior colliculus mediate latency bimodality.
Resonance Tuning of a Multi-piezoelectric Bimorph Beams Energy Harvester Connected by Springs

Piezoelectric energy harvesters are ideal for capturing energy from mechanical vibrations in the ambient environment. Numerous studies have been made of this application of piezoelectric energy conversion; however, thus far researchers have encountered limitations in the amount of power that can be captured. In this paper, a frequency- adjustable energy harvester with an array of piezoelectric bimorphs connected by springs has been designed and analyzed based on the 1D piezoelectric beam equations. The result shows that the energy harvester is capable of operating in multiple frequencies, and the operating frequencies can be adjusted by changing the small end masses and spring stiffness. An optimal selection of the load impedance to realize the maximum power output is discussed. The power efficiency of the energy harvester has been analyzed as well.
Cloning/characterization of the canine organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b4 (Oatp1b4) and classification of the canine OATP/SLCO members.

Abstract The human liver-specific organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1 and 1B3 are involved in the elimination of numerous xenobiotics and drugs. Although dogs are frequently used for toxicologic and pharmacokinetic characterization of novel drugs, nothing is known about their OATP1B1/1B3 ortholog. Therefore, we cloned and characterized the first canine organic anion transporting polypeptide from dog liver, termed Oatp1b4. The isolated Oatp1b4 cDNA comprises 3661 base pairs (bp) with an open reading frame of 2076 bp, encoding a 692-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of ∼ 85 kDa. The Oatp1b4 gene is approximately 61 kb long and has a similar organization as the human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 with 13 exons identical in length. Northern blot analysis shows that Oatp1b4 is predominantly expressed in the liver. Oatp1b4 mediates sodium-independent transport of typical organic anions including bromosulfophthalein (BSP), [D-penicillamine2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE), estradiol-17β-glucuronide (E17βG), estrone-3-sulfate and taurocholate. In addition, Oatp1b4 transports the OATP1B3-specific substrate cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). Kinetic studies showed that Oatp1b4-mediated E17βG and estrone-3-sulfate transports were monophasic with Km values of 5 ± 1 µM and 33 ± 4 µM, respectively. In conclusion, the cloned canine Oatp1b4 will provide additional molecular basis to further characterize the species difference of the OATP1B family members.
Digging Deeper Still: Coverage of Archaeology from the United Kingdom and Ireland from 1950 to 2000+ in Discipline-Specific and Subject-Oriented Online Indexes

Abstract Librarians, faculty, professional researchers, and students often encounter difficulties in locating pertinent journal articles for the field of archaeology. This article examines the coverage given by 13 discipline-specific and subject-oriented indexes available online over a 50-year interval to 89 archaeology journals originating in the United Kingdom and in Ireland. The coverage provided by the individual indexes and several of the larger issues surrounding the coverage of the field are discussed, and a few recommendations are offered.
Stability of silicon nitride heated in air and in carbon monoxide

Silicon nitride oxidizes in air at 1100–1500°C mainly with the formation of silica. An addition of NaF contributes to oxidation of the silicon nitride to silicon oxynitride. In a coke filling silicon nitride decomposes at 1450–1550°C into oxynitride and cubic silicon carbide. Additions of CaF2 and MgO contribute to the conversion of the silicon nitride in a carbon monoxide atmosphere into the silicon oxynitride at 1550°C.
Modeling of Liquid Sprays and Thermal Mixing in Desuperheating Applications

Computational modeling is performed for liquid sprays and thermal mixing in desuperheating applications, in which water sprays are injected into a high-temperature steam crossflow (H2 Ol -H2 Og system) to reduce the enthalpy. The basis of the model is the standard RANS approach coupled to the Lagrangian treatment for statistical groups (parcels) representing the physical droplet population. A vaporization/boiling model is developed for the treatment of phase change under a single chemical species environment. Additionally, the best performing hybrid breakup models depicting the hydrodynamic breakup process governed by the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, are used. The calculations are run for both air-H2 Ol and H2 Ol -H2 Og systems. Under crossflow conditions, the calculations show that liquid sprays undergo sudden atomization near the injector tip, and have a much smaller characteristic droplet size compared to sprays injected into quiescent environments. This is attributed to the larger gas-droplet relative velocities drastically enhancing the Weber number. Additionally, a blockage effect of the spray on the crossflow is observed in the near-nozzle field, and the typical entrainment of small droplets into the wake is captured in the predictions. The region of maximum cooling coincides with the generation of the highest values of interfacial area produced by the sudden atomization in the near field.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Improved quality control of silicon wafers using novel off-line air pocket image analysis

Air pockets (APK) occur randomly in Czochralski (Cz) grown silicon (Si) crystals and may become included in wafers after slicing and polishing. Previously the only APK of interest were those that intersected the front surface of the wafer and therefore directly impacted device yield. However mobile and other electronics have placed new demands on wafers to be internally APK-free for reasons of thermal management and packaging yield. We present a novel, recently patented, APK image processing technique and demonstrate the use of that technique, off-line, to improve quality control during wafer manufacturing.
Blood flow determinations and cardiodynamic effects of a venous shunt in pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusion1. In acute experiments producing increased pulmonary vascular pressure in dogs, the capacity of a pulmonary vein-azygous vein shunt was found to be up to 8% of the total cardiac output.2. There was no consistent evidence that the presence of the shunt produced or added to the strain on the right ventricle or interfered with the filling pressure of the left ventricle.
Implantable biomedical devices: Wireless powering and communication

In recent years, there has been major progress on implantable biomedical systems that support most of the functionalities of wireless implantable devices. Nevertheless, these devices remain mostly restricted to research, in part due to limited miniaturization, power supply constraints, and lack of a reliable interface between implants and external devices. This article provides a tutorial on the design of implantable biomedical devices that addresses these limitations. Specifically, it presents analysis and techniques for wireless power transfer and efficient data transfer from both theoretical and practical standpoints. Their potential implementations are also discussed.
True Precocious Puberty Complicating Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Treatment with a Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a recognized cause of precocious pseudopuberty. Some children with CAH also develop true precocious puberty with early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We have seen four such children (three boys and one girl) who had the diagnosis of CAH made between the ages of 3 and 6 yr. These patients were treated with standard doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. A diagnosis of true precocious puberty was made because of testicular enlargement in the boys, breast development in the girl, progressive pubic hair development, rapid growth, and rapid bone age maturation. Plasma steroid levels were elevated for age, and gonadotropin levels were within the normal pubertal range, both basally and in response to LHRH stimulation. We treated these children with daily sc injections of a LHRH analog (LHRHa) for 6-18 months in addition to the standard hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone therapy for CAH. LHRHa significantly decreased basal plasma LH and FSH, pe...