cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Oxygen Consumption in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits

Aortic walls from animals with diet-induced atherosclerosis have increased oxidative capacities for various substrates (1–3) and mitochondria isolated from atherosclerotic rabbit aortae have increased respiratory rates (4). Atherogenic diets produce multiple systemic disturbances and metabolic changes in the wall of atherosclerotic arteries have been shown to occur in other organs (5–7). As atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries may critically limit the oxygen supply of the heart it would appear important to determine whether oxidative metabolism and oxygen requirements of the myocardium are increased under dietary conditions that promote atherogenesis. To explore whether atherosclerosis induced by a high cholesterol diet is associated with an increase in systemic or myocardial oxidative metabolism, the basal oxygen consumption of cholesterol-fed rabbits and the oxygen uptake of the isolated hearts from these animals were measured.
Study on the Epidemiological Characteristics of 189 DTaP Vaccine AEFI Cases

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of DTaP vaccine AEFI cases in order to give a reference to improve vaccine quality and vaccination service. Method:One hundred and eight-nine DTaP vaccine AEFI cases were surveyed and the descriptive epidemiological method was used. Result:All AEFIs were vaccine reaction following immunization,among which common vaccine reaction took up 98.4%. Of all cases the urban-to-rural ratio was 1.8:1 and the male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. Median age was one year and seven months. 42.3% of all AEFI happened on the vaccination day and 45.5% appeared the next day. 66.1% of cases got clinical symptoms of local swelling and 49.7% got fever and 41.3% got local induration. The incidence of local swelling was higher than local induration. The incidence of cases among one-year-old and two-year-old age group was higher than 1 year old age group. 95.5% of cases got better or cured. June and July were high-occurrence months. The proportion was higher among cases with fourth dose of vaccination. Conclusion:The safety of DTaP is good. The quality of vaccination should be improved to lower the incidence of DTaP AEFI cases. It is as well important to publicize and educate AEFI knowledge.
Crizotinib (PF02341066) as a ALK /MET inhibitor— Special Emphasis as a Therapeutic Drug Against Lung Cancer

There are a number of molecular abnormalities that can occur in normal cells to induce a malignant phenotype. Recently, the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been shown to have gain-of-function when partnered with different proteins. As an example, on chromosome 2p, with inversion, there is translocation with generation of EML4-ALK tyrosine kinase in lung cancer. In a phase I trial, EML4-ALK patients were selected to determine the response to a potent small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (previously identified as PF02341066). Dramatic durable responses were observed with crizotinib at 250 mg twice a day (orally). Interestingly, crizotinib also has activity against MET receptor tyrosine kinase. We have previously shown that MET can be overexpressed, sometimes mutated, or sometimes amplified in lung cancer. Thus, this review will emphasize the characteristics of crizotinib, and detail the clinical experience.
Directional Full-Duplex RF Booster for 2450 MHz ISM Band

A directional repeater system with simple architecture composed of wideband receive and transmit antennas, a high gain low-power amplifier, and a bandpass filter is proposed for the 2450-MHz ISM band. The repeater system does not require down-conversion and up-conversion with frequency translation and does not rely on any operational protocol to manage users. As a result, the repeater (RF booster) can support all users, channels, modulation themes, and devices simultaneously. Close to 70 dB of isolation between the Tx and Rx antennas over the entire band (~100 MHz) is achieved for a compact structure with lateral dimensions of 8 cm $\times $ 12 cm and thickness of 1 cm. The isolation between the Tx and Rx antennas is achieved using polarization mismatch between orthogonal double-stack patch antennas and a novel two-element Rx antenna whose elements are appropriately located with respect to the Tx antenna to cancel the signal leakage from the Tx antenna to the Rx antennas. Two types of repeaters, one utilizing only the ground plane and polarization mismatch, and the second using the two-element Rx antenna in addition to polarization mismatch, are fabricated and tested in different environments. It is shown that more than 30 dB improvement in coverage can be achieved.
Clinical Course and Management of Drug-Induced Catatonia and Paranoid Behavior in an Adolescent

ABSTRACTA 19-year-old Hispanic male with past psychiatric history of illicit drug use was brought by his mother to the emergency room of a tertiary care hospital with altered mental status. According to patient's mother his paranoid symptoms consisted of increased suspiciousness towards his friends and other family members, but were not to the extent for him to seek out any medical help. Clinical course and management of this patient, who later progressed to full blown catatonia, is described in this report. Patient had paradoxical disinhibition when treated with benzodiazepine, limiting treatment options. Patient's mother would not consent for ECT treatment after which Olanzapine was selected to manage his catatonic symptoms. This patient's preexisting paranoid ideations and catatonia were stabilized successfully with a few days of olanzapine with significant decrease in Bush-Francis Catatonia Score. Initial catatonia score of 14 points at baseline decreased to 3 points after 20 days of inpatient managem...
Increased cancer-specific mortality in individuals developing mental disorders after cancer diagnosis: biomedical factors versus psychosocial support

The role of mental health is gaining greater prominence in outcomes research; and increasingly, recent studies are investigating cancer-related outcomes (1,2), including cancer screening, stage at diagnosis, receipt of treatment, and survival, in the presence of comorbid mental conditions. Prior studies have documented excess cancer mortality in people with mental illness (3,4). However, most such studies have addressed pre-existing mental illness and how individuals with depression or other psychiatric conditions fare once they develop cancer. Less is known about the impact of mental disorders on cancer outcomes when mental disorders develop after cancer diagnosis.
R. D. Laing

Ronald David Laing studierte an der University of Glasgow und promovierte dort 1951. Danach verbrachte er als Psychiater zwei Jahre bei der britischen Armee, bevor er nach Glasgow zuruckkehrte, um dort seine Ausbildung in Psychiatrie 1956 zu beendigen. Wahrend dieser Zeit arbeitete er sowohl am stadtischen Krankenhaus wie auch am Krankenhaus der Universitat. 1957 ging er zur Tavistock Klinik in London und beendete den ersten Entwurf seines Buches „The Divided Self“, das seine Arbeit einem grosen Leserkreis in der ganzen Welt bekannt machte. In seinem Werk befast er sich auf brillante Weise mit der Phanomenologie der Schizophrenie und entwickelte einen Therapieansatz, der die bisherige Auffassung uber dieses ganze Gebiet stark in Frage stellte.
Diffusing Change: Implementing a University-Wide Learning Management System Transition at a Public University

In July 2012, the University of Wyoming’s (UW) Office of Academic Affairs appointed a Learning Management System (LMS) review committee to lead an open, university-wide review of LMS products and services. The transition would not only effect a substantial change in technology, it would lead to a wholesale cultural shift. Two years after the committee’s inception, the university had completed a full-scale transition to a single learning management system.
Weed Control and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Acetochlor Alone and in Combination with Various Herbicides

ABSTRACT Acetochlor, a chloroacetamide herbicide, is now registered for preplant (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and postemergence (POST) application in peanut. Field research was conducted during 2011 ...
Digital Payment and Its Discontents: Street Shops and the Indian Government's Push for Cashless Transactions

In November 2016, the Government of India banned the vast majority of the nation's banknotes in a move referred to as 'demonetization', with the stated goals of fighting corruption, terrorism, and eventually expanding digital transactions. In this study of 200 shop-keepers in Mumbai and Bengaluru, we found that cash shortage increased digital payment adoption but that digital payments fell after new banknotes became available. Digital payment adoption depended on the nature and scope of transactions, type of product sold, as well as personal factors specific to business owners such as comfort and familiarity with other digital technologies and online transactions. Using theoretical work on market and information behavior, we examined environmental pushes for technology adoption against prevalent transactional practices, trust, and control. We propose that the move toward digital payments must be framed within a larger undertaking of technology-driven modernity that drives these initiatives, rather than just the efficiency or productivity gains digital payments present.
RISK OF JURY CONFUSION AS THE GROUND FOR DISCRETIONARY DISMISSALS OF SUPPLEMENTAL CLAIMS

A damages claim based on federal law will often involve facts which give rise to related state law claims. Since the major expan­ sion of the scope of a civil action occasioned by the adoption of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 1938,1 claimants have joined their related federal and non-federal2 claims in a single lawsuit. Often such joinder results in a question of subject matter jurisdic­ tion over the non-federal claims. In 1966, the Warren Court articu­ lated a simple, welcoming approach to such jurisdiction in the landmark case of United Mine Workers v. Gibbs.3 In stark contrast, the Burger and Rehnquist Courts exhibited such hostility to these claims that in 1990, Congress settled the basic dispute by codifying the Gibbs approach.4 In 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a), using the term sup­ plemental jurisdiction, Congress provided for subject matter juris­ diction over all claims that are “part of the same case or controversy.”5 Throughout this period from 1966 to 1990, a number of issues roiled in the wake of the Gibbs doctrine,6 which addressed the sub­
Creation of Brachiocephalic Fistula

Brachiocephalic fistula is performed to provide access for chronic hemodialysis. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Location-based security for ID document and ID card enrollment stations

Much of today's security for financial assets, services, facilities, personal information, immigration, employment and travel is provided in the form of a variety of ID instruments such as passports, credit cards, ID badges, access cards, and other similar forms of identification. Staggering costs associated with rampant identity theft are driving ongoing efforts to produce stronger, positive-ID documents and cards through the application of a wide variety of security enhancing techniques such as biometrics, embedded chips, encryption and specialized materials with security features. Each new generation of ID documents and cards becomes more technologically sophisticated and difficult to forge, forcing criminals to resort to increasingly complex and sophisticated forms of attack to circumvent their security mechanisms. Against this backdrop, ID Enrollment systems become particularly enticing targets for theft and unauthorized use, because with their use of authentic security materials, algorithms and production mechanisms, these systems are capable of producing truly undetectable fraudulent ID instruments capable of passing any and all security tests performed by even the most sophisticated ID verification terminals. This paper proposes and presents a practical location-based security framework designed to protect against any attempt to operate an ID production/enrollment system away from its authorized operating location.
Gille, Zsuzsa. 2016. Paprika, Foie Gras, and Red Mud: The Politics of Materiality in the European Union. Bloomington: Indiana UP.

Gille, Zsuzsa. 2016. Paprika, Foie Gras, and Red Mud: The Politics of Materiality in the European Union . Bloomington: Indiana UP.
A Multi-country Study of Factors Influencing Expatriate Career Intentions

A bstract This paper draws from Ajzen's theory of planned behavior and examines factors influencing an expatriate's intention regarding future international career. Data was collected from 133 respondents about expatriate's perception of his/her task-based and relationship-based acceptance in the host country, the expatriate's satisfaction with host country, self-efficacy and his/her intention to consider future expatriate assignments. We used Bayesian approach to conduct structural equation model. The results indicate evidence suggesting expatriate's perception of task-based group acceptance, self-efficacy and host country satisfaction influence future expatriate career intention. However, we failed to find evidence of the predicted direct effect of expatriate's perception of relationship-based group acceptance on the same. This paper contributes to research by addressing an important gap in the expatriate career literature by examining determinants of future expatriate intentions. Both theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
How Much Time Is Needed Between Serial “Return to Play” Assessments to Achieve Clinically Important Strength Gains in Patients Recovering From Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?:

Background:Pass rates for return-to-play evaluations are alarmingly low for patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Since timing of return to play is a complicated decision...
Preoperative Medical Optimization

Over the last decade, preoperative testing centers have become the cornerstone for preoperative evaluation of patients presenting for elective surgery. This was aimed to provide appropriate information about comorbidities to the surgeon and anesthesiologist in a timely manner and to reduce last-minute cancelations due to missing reports or the need for further testing. These clinics have oftentimes limited their activity to collecting data on patients but have fallen short on analyzing and optimizing patients whenever possible. With the expansion of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principle to include preoperative optimization of medical comorbidities and improving the patients’ resilience to surgical and perioperative stress through improving cardiovascular fitness, pulmonary reserve, nutrition, and psychological strength, early experience shows encouraging data on patients becoming surgically fit before undergoing oftentimes invasive and high-risk procedures. This chapter aims at summarizing current evidence for the utility of assessing the perioperative risk and preoperative optimization of modifiable medical comorbidities before elective surgery.
Autoimmune encephalitis in children

Autoimmune encephalitis is an immune disease in central nervous system which has been paid more and more attention in recent years.Children′s autoimmune encephalitis has its unique characteristics.Therefore, a full understanding of children′s autoimmune encephalitis is particularly important for clinical interventions. Key words: Autoimmune encephalitis; Encephalitis; Children,
Introducing & Evaluating ‘Nutrition Facts’ for Online Content

So-called ‘fake news’ – deceptive online content that attempts to manipulate readers – is a growing problem. It has been blamed for election interference, public confusion and other issues, both in the United States and beyond. A tool of state intelligence agencies, scammers and marketers alike, deceptive online content is poised to have growing consequences. This problem is made particularly pronounced as younger generations choose social media sources over journalistic ones for their information. This paper considers a prospective solution in the form of providing consumers with ‘nutrition facts’ style information for online content. To this end, it reviews prior work in product labeling and disclaimers, considers several possible approaches to the challenge and the tradeoffs between them.
A novel structure associated with aging is augmented in the DPP6-KO mouse brain.

In addition to its role as an auxiliary subunit of A-type voltage-gated K+ channels, we have previously reported that the single transmembrane protein Dipeptidyl Peptidase Like 6 (DPP6) impacts neuronal and synaptic development. DPP6-KO mice are impaired in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and exhibit smaller brain size. Using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, we report here a novel structure in hippocampal area CA1 that was significantly more prevalent in aging DPP6-KO mice compared to WT mice of the same age and that these structures were observed earlier in development in DPP6-KO mice. These novel structures appeared as clusters of large puncta that colocalized NeuN, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A. They also partially labeled for MAP2, and with synapsin-1 and VGluT1 labeling on their periphery. Electron microscopy revealed that these structures are abnormal, enlarged presynaptic swellings filled with mainly fibrous material with occasional peripheral, presynaptic active zones forming synapses. Immunofluorescence imaging then showed that a number of markers for aging and especially Alzheimer’s disease were found as higher levels in these novel structures in aging DPP6-KO mice compared to WT. Together these results indicate that aging DPP6-KO mice have increased numbers of novel, abnormal presynaptic structures associated with several markers of Alzheimer’s disease.
Guest–host interlinked PEG-MAL granular hydrogels as an engineered cellular microenvironment

We report the development of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel scaffold that provides the advantages of conventional bulk PEG hydrogels for engineering cellular microenvironments and allows for rapid cell migration. PEG microgels were used to assemble a densely packed granular system with an intrinsic interstitium-like negative space. In this material, guest-host molecular interactions provide reversible non-covalent linkages between discrete PEG microgel particles to form a cohesive bulk material. In guest-host chemistry, different guest molecules reversibly and non-covalently interact with their cyclic host molecules. Two species of PEG microgels were made, each with one functional group at the end of the four arm PEG-MAL functionalized using thiol click chemistry. The first was functionalized with the host molecule β-cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharide of repeating d-glucose units, and the other functionalized with the guest molecule adamantane. These two species provide a reversible guest-host interaction between microgel particles when mixed, generating an interlinked network with a percolated interstitium. We showed that this granular configuration, unlike conventional bulk PEG hydrogels, enabled the rapid migration of THP-1 monocyte cells. The guest-host microgels also exhibited shear-thinning behavior, providing a unique advantage over current bulk PEG hydrogels.
Using a network governance framework to assess the wood energy industry in times of catastrophic wildfire in Northern California

The proliferation of destructive wildfires in the western USA has made apparent the need to reevaluate forest management and related agency and business practices. This has resulted in a variety of policies and practices to enhance the utilization of woody biomass generated from associated fuel reduction efforts. The USDA Forest Service, for instance, is increasingly forming partnerships with local collaborative groups to encourage entrepreneurial investments to facilitate those fuel reduction efforts. These alliances among communities, non-profit organizations, and businesses illustrate elements of network governance in the way they coordinate actions and mobilize and exchange resources to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. Few empirical studies, with regard to forest energy, have examined how these networks of loosely affiliated actors coordinate and mobilize resources to influence related state and federal policy, or the barriers to effective enterprise development. We draw upon network governance literature to examine four dimensions of these alliances: heterogeneity, integration, network structure, and operating function. This framework is applied to forest biomass utilization policy decisions in Northern California, a area experiencing repeated record-breaking wildfire events. Finally, we explore ways in which these governance attributes could impact the broader forest biomass industry and provide implications for future research.
University instructors’ knowledge for teaching organic chemistry mechanisms

Many recent studies document the difficulties that students experience when learning organic chemistry, often due to the complex visualization and reasoning skills required to successfully understand the ways molecules interact in specific environments. Many of these studies call on instructors to improve their teaching strategies to support students’ learning of organic chemistry mechanisms, but few have focused on instructors’ knowledge of organic chemistry and how they use their knowledge to teach this topic. To investigate university instructors’ knowledge for teaching organic chemistry mechanisms, we utilized a task-based think-aloud interview protocol where graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) and faculty instructors assessed authentic undergraduate student responses to three organic chemistry mechanism questions. We describe this knowledge for a substitution, an acid–base, and an addition reaction. For all mechanisms, we describe how GTA participants’ knowledge for teaching related to their content knowledge. This result revealed differences between GTA and faculty participants’ knowledge for teaching mechanisms that were specific to features of each mechanistic task. For example, in a substitution reaction question, all faculty participants recognized and explained issues with a student's drawing of a transition state and apparent understanding of partial bonds. These features of the student's drawing were not recognized by any GTA participants, who focused instead on the student's prior knowledge about ionic bonding. These findings qualitatively illuminate strengths and weaknesses in graduate students’ knowledge for teaching which can guide how they are supported as instructors.
Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Persistent Iritis After Cataract Surgery (IPICS): Idiopathic Persistent Iritis After Cataract Surgery.

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the diagnosis and management of patients with idiopathic persistent iritis after cataract surgery (IPICS) Design Retrospective interventional case series. Methods Patients diagnosed with IPICS were evaluated for demographics, clinical characteristics, and immune blood markers. Those with more than 6 months of follow up were evaluated for treatment efficacy to achieve remission (absence of inflammation for 3 months), with either exclusive slow tapering of topical steroids or the need for systemic immunosuppression. Results 45 patients presented IPICS. Majority of these were African American (86.7%) or female (77.3%). Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were present in 69.9% of patients. Main complications were steroid dependency (84.4%), glaucoma (53.5%), and macular edema (37.5%). The proposed treatment strategy achieved remission in 93.8% of the population with a mean of 6.1 months via tapering of topical steroids in 46.9% of patients. However, in 53.1% of cases, adjuvant anti-inflammatory systemic medication was indicated. Meloxicam use was associated with remission in 64.7% of these patients and in a minority with persistent iritis, treatment was escalated to Methotrexate which was successful in 100% of the cases. Conclusions IPICS is a distinct clinical anterior uveitis most common in African American and female patients, characterized by an unexpected onset of iritis after cataract surgery and a high rate of steroid dependency, glaucoma and macular edema. It is best treated with an initial slow taper of topical steroids; although adjuvant systemic anti-inflammatory therapy may be necessary to obtain remission and avoid complications
Rapidly-Convergent Truncation Scheme for the Groound State Energy of Quantum Fluids

We begin by stating our calculated equation of state for “nuclear matter”, derived through 2 nd order in the van der Waals perturbation scheme to be discussed later, for the spin-averaged BHK (Baker-Hind-Kahane 1)) model nucleon-nucleon potential which is a hard-core-square-well shape rather accurately reproducing low-energy scattering and deuteron data. Figure 1 shows the energy per nucleon vs.\( x \equiv \begin{array}{*{20}c} {kc} \\ F \\ \end{array}\) where c is the hard-sphere diameter and k F the Fermi wave number. The curve labelled [1/0](λ) refers to 1st order in the attractive potential well strength parameter λ. The full and dashed curves labelled [2/0](λ) refer to 2nd order and bracket the uncertainty (of about 5%) in our results. Higher-order corrections are being investigated and are expected to merely lower the saturation minimum a little more. Note that even to 2nd order our method is yielding more than ten times more binding than the Jastrow-variational calculations 2) done employing Fermi hypernetted chain methods (circled dots labelled FHNC) with the same potential model. (About 50% lower energy was previously found3) for neutron matter as compared with Jastrow-Monte-Carlo results4) for the same NN potential utilized here).
Pharmacological regulation of astrocytic calcium channels: implications for the treatment of seizure disorders.

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the role played by glia in the initiation, propagation and amelioration of seizure activity and specifically the effects of anticonvulsant drugs on one of these processes— namely, calcium signaling in astrocytes. The results obtained with the prototype anticonvulsants phenytoin and ethosuximide are discussed in light of ones present understanding of Ca2 + metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) as it relates to both normal and abnormal neuronal function. The results of the studies are described and summarized. The ability of various anticonvulsant drugs to block the depolarization-induced [Ca 2+ ] i transient of cultured astrocytes was assessed using the fluorescent probe indol. Further discussion has focused on the voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) of astrocytes and the potential role of these channels in the regulation of neuronal function. The result suggested that phenytoin and other prototype anticonvulsants significantly modulate the depolarization-induced [Ca 2+ ] i transient of astrocytes through one or more of these VSCCs. Finally, the results obtained with the prototype anticonvulsants phenytoin and ethosuximide is discussed in understanding of astrocytic physiology and function.
The American Culture of War: The History of U.S. Military Force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom

Introduction 1. War, Culture, and Genes 2. Traditional American Thinking About the Conduct of War 3. The Legacy of World War II 4. Truman and the Evolution of National Military Strategy and Doctrine 5. The Korean War 6. The Korean War: The Final Phases, 1951--1953 7. Eisenhower and Massive Retaliation 8. Civil-Military Relations and the National Military Command Structure 9. Limited War 10. The Vietnam War 11. The Vietnam War: The Final Phases, 1967--1975 12. The Persian Gulf War 13. The Persian Gulf War: Military Victory and Political Failure 14. The Second Persian Gulf War and the New American Way of War 15. The Second Persian Gulf War: The Unnecessary War 16. The New American Citizenship
Deformity stabilization and improvement in men with untreated Peyronie's disease.

Objective To define predictors of the deformity stabilisation and improvement in men with untreated Peyronie's disease (PD). Patients and Methods The study population consisted of patients with PD-associated uniplanar curvature, who opted for no treatment and were followed for at least 12 months. All patients had deformity assessment (DA) performed on initial presentation and at follow-up. Stabilisation of PD was defined as no change between DAs (±10°), while improvement and progression were defined as ≥10° change. Patients were subdivided into different groups based on time to presentation: ≤6 months (A), 7–12 months (B), and 13–18 months (C). Multivariable analysis was used to define predictors of stabilisation and improvement. Results In all, 176 men met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 54 years, with a mean (sd) PD duration of 9 (12) months and mean curvature of 42 (27)°. In all, 67% of the entire population had no change in deformity over time, 12% improved with a mean (sd) change of 27 (14)°, and 21% worsened with a mean (sd) change of 22 (11)°. On multivariate analysis, predictors of stabilisation included: time to presentation of >6 months (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, P < 0.01), per decade increase in age (OR 1.5, P < 0.05), and age (r = 0.32, P < 0.05). Predictors of improvement included: time to presentation of ≤6 months (OR 4.1, P < 0.001), and per decade decrease in age (OR 2.1, P < 0.01). Conclusions In men with uniplanar curvature, PD stabilisation and improvement rates change with time-to-presentation and patient age. These data may aid in counselling patients with PD.
A Qualitative Account of Sex Workers: Is It Work Like Any Other?

The world of women and work is aptly included in the social science literature but is the world of women and work, and sex? When women work in the sex industry as strippers, prostitutes or in online chat rooms, is that employment which is subject to labor law protection and provisions of occupational safety and health? Should it be? For the sex worker, according to this book, much depends on the possibility for authentic sexual feeling to be temporarily removed from the workplace of the sex worker, just as a manger might remove the desire for strict ethical adherence from work in a corporate bureaucracy. If the heart and soul of the sex worker is removed from the workplace, in that case, the sex worker is thought to be employed just like the rest of us. Presently, legal protection for sex workers is not quite socially or politically accepted, but neither has been much of any work by women which comes with complete autonomy, freedom, and financial benefit. Wherever sex work may be along the continuum of employment-related credibility, it is made more credible in the book On the Game: Women and Sex Work, a researchbased journey into the public and private worlds of female sex workers. On the Game takes a bold position that few other social scientists are willing to take: that sex work is metaphorically no different from any other wage-earning work. The author states, “I introduce views of prostitution as work, comparable to any other...” (p. 34). Twice in the book, the author provides a famous quote by Marx: ‘Prostitution is only a particular expression of the universal prostitution of the worker...’ (p. 41, p. 125; Marx 1975). On the Game attempts to deconstruct accumulated negative stereotypes of sex workers. It is a book not necessarily unwilling to view prostitution through a cultural lens. Rather, it is willing to do anything, so long as it views prostitution as “simply work”, much the same as work done by non-prostitutes.
Protein Synthesis During Morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus

Cells of Mucor racemosus were labeled with l-[14C]leucine during the yeast-to-hyphae morphogenesis that follows a change of atmosphere from CO2 to air. Pulse-labeling kinetics and the steady-state accumulation of incorporated l-[14C]leucine were determined throughout the period of cellular differentiation. We determined that the l-[14C]leucine was taken up by all forms of the organism, was not altered from the form of l-leucine, and was incorporated exclusively into protein. The intracellular pool of free l-leucine was small in comparison with those of the other l-amino acids, remained relatively constant in size during morphogenesis, and was rapidly equilibrated with exogenous leucine. Approximately the same internal radiospecific activities were attained throughout development shortly after addition of l-[14C]leucine to a culture. Experiments performed with leucine auxotrophs suggested that endogenous synthesis of leucine in prototrophs does not affect the measured rates of incorporation. Experiments performed with 14C-labeled l-isoleucine, l-proline, l-lysine, and l-arginine produced results qualitatively the same as with l-leucine. The accumulation of incorporated l-[14C]leucine in a culture of M. racemosus undergoing the air-induced yeast-to-hyphae transition reflected the change in growth rate that accompanied the morphogenesis. However, the specific rate of protein synthesis measured throughout the developmental process displayed a characteristic acceleration during the emergence of germ tubes which was followed by a decline when all further growth took the form of hyphal elongation. Data are presented suggesting that this response is a correlate of morphogenesis rather than a consequence of the atmospheric change per se.
Quantitative network model predictions of saturation behind infiltration fronts and comparison with experiments

[1] Infiltrations with certain boundary and initial conditions show an anomalous behavior where the water saturation and pressure profile are inverted in the vertical direction. This occurs when the water at the infiltration front oversaturates the porous medium, causing drainage behind the front, and is most likely due to the front being sharp at the pore scale. Here we attempt to quantitatively model water flow at infiltration fronts by using a physically based network model that includes viscous effects. The network model includes pore and throat elements of different shapes and sizes, and a connection topology based on geologic media. Viscous effects are added quasi-statically through calculating the water pressure in each element for a particular applied flux. For media with a small initial saturation, the infiltration flux range for which saturation overshoot occurs is predicted by the network model. For initially dry media, the model predictions scale correctly with media size but require an independent parameter to predict the absolute transition flux. The predicted magnitude of the overshoot does not match particularly well with the measured magnitude for coarse media, although this may be the result of certain simplified assumptions in the model. The results suggest that pore-scale modeling can make certain quantitative predictions of saturation overshoot.
Vigabatrin therapy for refractory complex partial seizures: review of clinical trial experience in the United States.

Faught E. Vigabatrin therapy for refractory complex partial seizures: review of clinical trial experience in the United States. Acta Neurol Scand: 2011: 124 (Suppl. 192): 29–35. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug used in more than 50 countries as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of refractory complex partial seizures (rCPS) in adults. First approved in the United Kingdom in 1989, vigabatrin was approved for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration in 2009. Although most clinical trials of vigabatrin have been conducted in Europe, three major trials, including two pivotal trials, were conducted in the United States. These trials have demonstrated efficacy and tolerability findings similar to those observed from the European trials. Results of the US trials have demonstrated vigabatrin to be an effective and generally well-tolerated therapy for rCPS in adults, with an optimal dosage of 3 g/day for most patients, and an onset of response generally within 2 weeks. This review focuses on the design and results of the three major US trials of vigabatrin in adults with rCPS.
An adaptive network for blind separation of independent signals

The problem of separating two or several independent signals (or independent speakers) from an array of sensors within the framework of adaptive systems is formulated. The delayed signals are modeled as a dynamic state model. The crucial aspect of this formulation is to quantify the property of independence of signals in terms of an explicit function to be optimized. Then, the derived adaptive dynamics will work to minimize (or maximize) the explicit function. The convergence of this newly derived adaptive scheme is shown. As the dynamics converge, the network will succeed in identifying the mixing and the delays in the original signals, and will reproduce the original independent signals. >
Inhibition of RNA polymerase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity by 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine. Structure-activity relationships

The structural requirements for inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase and rabbit liver formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity by a series of purine nucleoside analogs related to 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine (689) were investigated. To achieve an inhibitory effect, preincubation of the enzyme preparations with the purine analogs, prior to assay of enzyme activity, was required. The greatest inhibition was produced by analogs containing all three alterations of the purine nucleoside structure: the 6-halo, 8-aza, and 9-cyclopentyl groups. It is suggested that 689 inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis by a site-directed alkylation.
A Goal-Directed Modeling Technique towards Business Process

The modeling techniques for business process are mostly graphics-based, that is argued to be simplified when the processes become too complex or expanded to provide full details. In this paper we propose a technique for modeling composite activities by including components of data, human actors and atomic activities. Furthermore, we represent business processes with composite activities using process-oriented languages. To explore the properties of the business processes under this modeling technique, we define a set of metrics that reflect the degree of data aggregation and human actor involvement of executing composite activities. Algorithms to calculate these metrics are derived based on the goal-directed nature of the modeling technique for composite activities and business processes. At last by providing a use case, we discuss the artifacts and future work for this modeling technique.
The effect of shallow donors and acceptors on AlAs/GaAs superlattices intermixing studied on atomic scale

Abstract Dopant-induced intermixing of Al and Ga in as-grown AlAs/GaAs short period superlattices has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy in cross-section with atomic resolution. In Si doped n-type AlAs/GaAs short period superlattices, the intermixing increases with increasing Si concentration (Si: 0–5×1018/cm3). In Be doped p-type AlAs/GaAs short period superlattices, no intermixing of Al and Ga is observed independently of the Be concentration (Be: 0–5×1018/cm3).
Eddies and the annular modes of climate variability

The dominant modes of month-to-month varia- tion in the troposphere are realistically simulated in a gen- eral circulation model whose lower boundary is prescribed with realistic topography and seasonally varying, climato- logical sea surface temperatures. In both hemispheres, these internal modes describe a nearly zonally symmetric, North- South shifting of the zonal jets as anomalous westerlies vac- illate between high (50-60 )a nd low (30-40) latitudes. The eddy structures evolve with the jets, and the corre- sponding eddy momentum forcings support the shifts in jet position. Stationary (synoptic) wave variations mainly ac- count for the total eddy forcings in the Northern (South- ern) Hemisphere. Pronounced eddy variations occur over the North Atlantic sector.
Mixed states for an Allen-Cahn type equation, II

This paper continues the recent study of an Allen-Cahn model PDE [1] by eliminating a strong spatial reversibility condition and by weakening certain nondegeneracy conditions on families of basic heteroclinic solutions, enabling us to obtain multibump solutions in a much more general setting. As in [1], novel minimization arguments play a key role in finding solutions.
FePt as Read Sensor Hard Bias Material

A low temperature chemical ordering approach was presented for L10 phase FePt alloy's application in read sensor hard bias. We show that platinum seed and cap layers together can help the iron-rich FePt layer to achieve A1 to L10 phase transformation at temperatures as low as 300 °C. For platinum-rich FePt alloy iron seed and cap layers are effective in promoting its phase transformation. Element cap and seed together are more effective to obtain high coercivity than either of them alone. In order to implement FePt permanent magnet in transducer product, new thermal processes and sequences are needed.
Faster Canonical Forms for Strongly Regular Graphs

We show that a canonical form for strongly regular (s. r.) graphs can be found in time exp(O(n1/5))and therefore isomorphism of s. r. graphs can be tested within the same time bound, where n is the number of vertices and the tilde hides a polylogarithmic factor. The best previous bound for testing isomorphism of s. r. graphs was exp(O(n1/3)) (Spielman, STOC 1996) while the bound for GI in general has been standing lirmly at exp(O(n1/2)) for three decades. (These results, too, provided canonical forms.) The previous bounds on isomorphism of s. r. graphs (Babai 1980 and Spielman 1996) were based on the analysis of the classical individualization/relinement (I/R) heuristic. The present bound depends on a combination of a deeper analysis of the I/R heuristic with Luks's group theoretic divide-and-conquer methods following BabaiLuks (STOC 1983) and Miller (1983). Our analysis builds on Spielman's work that brought Neumaier's 1979 classilication of s. r. graphs to bear on the problem. One of Neumaier's classes, the line-graphs of Steiner 2-designs, has been eliminated as a bottleneck in recent work by the present authors (STOC'13). In the remaining hard cases, we have the benelit of “Neumaier's claw bound” and its asymptotic consequences derived by Spielman, some of which we improve via a new “clique geometry.” We also prove, by an analysis of the I/R heuristic, that, with known (trivial) exceptions, s. r. graphs have exp(O(n9/37)) automorphisms, improving Spielman's exp(O(n1/3)) bound. No knowledge of group theory is required for this paper. The group theoretic method is only used through an easily stated combinatorial consequence (Babai-Luks, 1983 combined with Miller, 1983). While the bulk of this paper is joint work by the live authors, it also includes two contributions by subsets of the authors: the clique geometry [BW] and the automorphism bound [CST].
Neutrino magnetic moments in the left-right supersymmetric model

We calculate the magnetic moments of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in the context of the left-right supersymmetric model. We show that if the theory can generate light Dirac neutrinos, their magnetic dipole moment could be large enough to be experimentally relevant. The transition moments of Majorana neutrinos are smaller than the corresponding ones obtained in the left-right model without supersymmetry and just below the region of interest experimentally.
Cues of working together fuel intrinsic motivation

Abstract What psychological mechanisms facilitate social coordination and cooperation? The present research examined the hypothesis that social cues that signal an invitation to work with others can fuel intrinsic motivation even when people work alone. Holding constant other factors, participants exposed to cues of working together persisted longer on a challenging task (Experiments 1 and 3), expressed greater interest in and enjoyment of the task (Experiments 1, 3, and 5), required less self-regulatory effort to persist on the task (Experiment 2), became more engrossed in and performed better on the task (Experiment 4), and, when encouraged to link this motivation to their values and self-concept, chose to do more related tasks in an unconnected setting 1–2 weeks later (Experiment 5). The results suggest that cues of working together can inspire intrinsic motivation, turning work into play. The discussion addresses the social–relational bases of motivation and implications for the self and application.
Effects of high‐dose methamphetamine on monoamine uptake sites in rat brain measured by quantitative autoradiography

The neurotoxicity of methamphetamine to monoaminergic neurons was examined. Neurotoxicity was assessed by quantitative autoradiography using radioligands specific for binding to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin uptake sites. High-dose administration of methamphetamine led to decreases in binding to uptake sites for the three monoamines. Norepinephrine binding sites were decreased in certain amygdaloid nuclei and in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. Serotonin binding sites were reduced in widespread brain areas, while dopamine binding sites were reduced in the caudate putamen, olfactory tubercle, and nucleus accumbens. The decreases in binding site density for the three monoamines are limited to terminal field areas; cell body areas are not affected. Our results indicate that methamphetamine is neurotoxic to serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurons. The neurotoxicity to norepinephrine neurons is in selected brain areas.
Why do so many prognostic factors fail to pan out

Although there can be many reasons that one study fails to confirm the results of another, the consequences of data exploration and the potential for spuriously significant results are often overlooked. A series of simulation experiments were designed to mimic the characteristics of relapse-free survival data that might be encountered in a prognostic factor study of node-negative breast cancer patients. Each simulated dataset of 500 or 250 cases was divided into a training set, used to select the “best” prognostic factor cutpoint, and a validation set, used to confirm the cutpoint. Testing multiple cutpoints markedly increased the risk of making a Type I error. The power to detect even small true differences was substantial, and increased as the number of cutpoints increased. Regardless of the number of cutpoints tested on the training sets, the Type I error rate on an independent validation data set was quite stable and the power of the validation set to detect true differences was not related to the number of cutpoints. Validation power closely approximated that predicted for a simple two group comparison. It is therefore recommended that exploratory analyses of prognostic factors formally employ some method of adjusting for increased Type I errors, such as independent validation sets, ad hoc adjustment factors, or other statistical methods of estimating the true risk.