cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Injuries to the Aerodigestive Tract

The purpose of this review is to provide a practical approach to the management of traumatic injuries to the thoracic aerodigestive tract. The increasing utilization of minimally invasive techniques and improved resolution of imaging modalities has greatly shaped the contemporary management of aerodigestive tract injuries. Similarly, less-invasive endoscopic and non-operative techniques have been employed with good success in appropriate patients with esophageal and tracheobronchial injuries. This review article discusses recent changes in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to aerodigestive tract injuries. These include the utility of computed tomography (CT) and endoscopy for the evaluation of esophageal and tracheobronchial injuries, and the role for less-invasive procedures of the esophagus and airway in appropriately selected patients. Given the increased availability and sophistication of imaging modalities, a significant number of aerodigestive injuries are now identified quickly and triaged appropriately to avoid invasive and oftentimes morbid operations.
Anomalous 4He Adsorption to in situ Baked C60

We present data for4He adsorption to thermally evaporated C60films for 1.30 K < T < 2.17 K. This work minimizes possible effects due to the presence of adsorbed species other than4He. We observe an anomalous mass adsorption to the C60films close to4He saturation which amounts to 3 times the expected mass loading due to the saturated4He film on the C60surface at T = 1.30K.
Photoelastic analysis of I-beams with elliptic-type web cutouts

An investigation of the fully plastic load-carrying capacity of aluminum-alloy I-beams with web cutouts leads to an interest in the elastic stress distribution for these cutouts. The photoelastic procedure was used to evaluate the elastic stress distribution at the surface of the web cutouts. The shear-difference method was used to establish the probable location of the fully plastic hinges which might be expected to form in the aluminum-alloy prototype. The data obtained were in good agreement with experimental results obtained on aluminum-alloy I-beams.
Phosphorylation of Deoxyguanosine in Rat Liver Mitochondria

Recent studies document that mitochondria from mouse skin (1), human lung fibroblasts (2) and calf thymus (3) contain a deoxyguanosine (dG) kinase which is distinctly different from that found in the cytosol. A preliminary report (4) has shown that dG is taken up by intact, respiring rat liver mitochondria by a carrier mediated process. This report extends that study and shows that after being transported into the mitochondria, dG is phos-phorylated to its corresponding deoxynucleotide products.
Towards a framework to design upgradable product service systems

Abstract Besides the inherent potential of being an environmentally sustainable solution, the Product-Service System (PSS) business model equips manufacturers to capture customer values, and realize profits dispersed throughout the whole product life cycle. PSS features such as upgradability can provide further opportunity to increase manufacturer’s revenue streams while satisfying consumers’ evolving preferences and thus be perceived as value-adding. Even though several PSS design methodologies were introduced in recent years, none of them focuses specifically on the upgradability aspect of PSS. The purpose of this paper is to identify key upgrade-enabling design features and provide a literature review on existing PSS design methodologies with a specific focus on their adoption towards an upgradable PSS design framework. Additionally, this paper proposes a conceptual design framework that emphasizes upgradability for PSS, in this initial stage focused on the beginning of life. This initial literature-based framework will be evaluated and expanded in future research to reflect the requirements of practitioners and academics.
Emergency Medicine Evaluation and Management of Small Bowel Obstruction: Evidence-Based Recommendations

Abstract Background Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a commonly diagnosed disease in the emergency department (ED). Recent literature has evaluated the ED investigation and management of SBO. Objective This review evaluates the ED investigation and management of adult SBO based on the current literature. Discussion SBO is most commonly due to occlusion of the small intestine, resulting in fluid and gas accumulation. This may progress to mucosal ischemia, necrosis, and perforation. A variety of etiologies are present, but in adults, adhesions are the most common cause. Several classification systems are present. However, the most important distinction is complete vs. partial and complicated vs. simple obstruction, as complete complicated SBO more commonly requires surgical intervention. History and physical examination can vary, but the most reliable findings include prior abdominal surgery, history of constipation, abdominal distension, and abnormal bowel sounds. Signs of strangulation include fever, hypotension, diffuse abdominal pain, peritonitis, and several others. Diagnosis typically requires imaging, and though plain radiographs are often ordered, they cannot exclude the diagnosis. Computed tomography and ultrasound are reliable diagnostic methods. Management includes intravenous fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and determining need for operative vs. nonoperative therapy. Nasogastric tube is useful for patients with significant distension and vomiting by removing contents proximal to the site of obstruction. Surgery is needed for strangulation and those that fail nonoperative therapy. Surgical service evaluation and admission are recommended. Conclusion SBO is a common reason for admission from the ED. Knowledge of recent literature can optimize diagnosis and management.
Product Liability in the ‘80s:

In the last decade recent court decisions have greatly increased the manufacturer's liability. Expansion of strict liability, increases in awards of punitive damages, and development of new theorie...
Non-inferiority trial of a pedal controlled injection device: a step toward enhancing patient safety and operator independence during neural blockade.

Background and objectives Limitations in manpower in health care facilities, both in civilian and military settings, can severely affect patient safety as well as overall outcomes. Regional anesthesia via neural blockade is an effective means of managing uncontrolled acute pain, which has been associated with cardiopulmonary, endocrine, immunologic, and hematologic derangement in addition to the development of potentially life-threatening coagulopathy. We have designed a remote-controlled injection device that may expedite the performance of regional nerve blocks in these situations. Methods This work examines how the device affects the ability of the operator to act independently with respect to various block component times by statistically comparing device-assisted blockade with usual or clinically relevant techniques. The classic or two-person technique was compared with the foot-controlled technique. Results The results validated the hypothesis that the novel mechanism of performing a nerve block is not inferior to the classic technique with regard to the specified endpoints within our experimental design. Conclusion This confirmation indicates that the use of this device may be feasible when the use of another technique could be cumbersome, or otherwise untenable.
Incidence and impact of K-ras mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) in a minority population.

e14690 Background: K-ras mutation in CRC is known to occur in around 40% of the general population. It implies a poor prognosis, and resistance to anti- EGFR monoclonal therapy. The incidence of Kr...
Corrosion beneath a blister with high impedance

In this work, the effect of blisters on the performance of protective coatings was investigated. Artificial blisters were generated by potentiostatic DC polarization of an epoxy-coated aluminum substrate and characterized using optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electrochemical microscopy, as well as by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) measurement. Impedance measured above blisters displayed high values, typical of an intact undamaged coating. SKP measurement above the blister identified regions of likely corrosion beneath it, which was verified by SEM. SEM images showed pitting-like corrosion beneath the blisters, implying that high impedance measured on delaminated coatings may correspond to the delaminated polymeric film. SKP was also able to identify regions of invisible delamination.
Outcomes of Sutureless/Rapid Deployment Valves Compared to Traditional Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves.

Background Sutureless/rapid-deployment (SRD) valves for aortic valve replacement (AVR) are new surgical bioprosthetic valves that allow for expedited implantation and facilitate minimally invasive approaches. Although clinical trial data are available for SRDs in the United States, how their clinical outcomes compare with traditional stented bioprosthetic (SBP) valves is unknown in a post-approval, commercial setting. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgery Adult Cardiac Surgery Database was queried for patients who underwent an AVR. Transcatheter AVR cases were excluded. Thirty-day outcomes were compared between SRD valves (Perceval S [LivaNova, Houston, TX] and Intuity Elite [Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA]) and SBP valve patients. The SRD and SBP patients were propensity score–matched in a 1:(up to) 3 ratio. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality and secondary outcomes were major comorbidities, paravalvular regurgitation, and predischarge pacemaker implant. Results Propensity score matching resulted in 4486 SRD patients and 13,215 SBP patients. The SRD recipients had more permanent pacemakers (11.4% vs 4.9%, P Conclusions SRD implantation was associated with reduced operative times and smaller incisions. Rates of 30-day mortality, major comorbidities, and perivalvular regurgitation were similar between SRD and SBP patients. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the implications of increased permanent pacemaker implantation rates in SRD patients.
It’s an American! It’s an Alien! It’s the Enigma of Superman: Tracing Superman’s Nationality Crisis to Twentieth Century Anti-Immigration Cartoons and Comic Strips

This essay explores American conceptions of otherness and national identity via comparative case studies of Superman in Action Comics #1 (1938, June 1) and twentieth century cartoons and comic strips that featured immigrant characters. While it is generally acknowledged amongst Superman scholars that Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, were avid comic strip fans, formal parallels between Superman and his cartoon precedents have escaped study. Recognizing Siegel’s and Shuster’s childhood love of immigrant comics strips enables scholars to see the connection between Superman and this earlier tradition of immigrant cartoons and comic strips. Such comparisons highlight the nationalistic struggles that occupied American politics and society during the early twentieth century and impacted the creations of Superman in 1933 (apocryphal) and 1938 (canonical). Interwar Superman (1933 and 1938-40) paradoxically presented himself as a paragon of Americana and as a foreign immigrant. Superman’s simultaneous embodiment of two nationalistic extremes—the Rooseveltian mind and immigrant body—imbued him and his allegory with a nationality crisis.
Coevolved mutualists experience fluctuating costs and benefits over time

Understanding how mutualisms persist over time requires investigations of how mutualist species coevolve and adapt to the interaction. In particular, the key factors in the evolution of mutualisms are the costs and benefits mutualists experience during the interaction. Here we used a yeast nutritional mutualism to test how mutualists coevolve and adapt in an obligate mutualism. We allowed two yeast mutualists to evolve together for 15 weeks (about 150 generations), and then we tested if the mutualists had coevolved using time-shift assays. We also examined two mutualistic traits associated with the costs and benefits: resource use efficiency and commodity production. We found that the mutualists quickly coevolved. Furthermore, the changes in benefits and costs were nonlinear and varied with evolutionary changes occurring in the mutualist partner. One mutualist initially evolved to reduce mutualistic commodity production and increase efficiency in mutualistic resource use; however, this negatively affected its mutualist partner that evolved reduced commodity production and resource use efficiency. As a result, the former increased commodity production, resulting in an increase in benefits for its partner. The quick, nonlinear, and asynchronous evolution of yeast mutualists closely resemble antagonistic coevolutionary patterns, supporting the view that mutualisms should be considered as reciprocal exploitation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Doping Effects on Optical Properties of Titania Composite in Terahertz Range

Terahertz materials, with its absorption span in the infrared and microwave region, have been payed significant attention throughout the world, and day by day, new materials are being developed having potential applications in the terahertz range. While naturally occurring materials hardly respond to THz radiation, extensive research efforts established numerous materials as high absorbers in the THz domain. Terahertz radiation, with its wide range absorption ability, has been studied thoroughly for numerous futuristic applications. The THz band straddling from 0.1 to 10 THz has also eye-catching usability in the field of life sciences, material characterizations, industrial applications, security, etc. Owing to such miscellany use, cost-effectiveness and low-weight THz integrated circuits are of being high technological demand in present global scenario. Carbon-based graphene nanotubes, etc., have been established for those applications. Recently, rutile phase of titania has also attracted huge interest in the area of metamaterials which are considered as good terahertz absorber and open ups new potential application opportunity for TiO2 nanomaterial. This chapter focusses on one of the recently discovered promising material rutile phases of TiO2, which can be potentially used for terahertz applications. The study highlights on effect of Sb and Bi doping on refractive index of rutile TiO2 clusters considering density functional theory.
The Problems of Evil—Logical, Evidential, and Moral

“The Problems of Evil- Logical, Evidential, and Moral” In this chapter, the author raises the Problem of Evil in an accessible manner. Lorkowski first states the Problem precisely in a way that draws out both the problematic Theistic commitments and what a satisfactory solution would have to look like. The author then goes on to draw out some substantive problems with three traditional solutions and shows the further difficulty that any solution threatens the basic precepts of morality by making all suffering good. Lastly, Lorkowski briefly discusses some attempts to circumvent the Problem without actually solving it and points out difficulties that such positions entail.
Selatogrel: A Novel Subcutaneous P2Y12 Inhibitor.

ABSTRACT The use of a P2Y12 inhibitor as a component of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is well established. However, the P2Y12 inhibitors currently available have pharmacokinetic limitations due to delayed absorption, lack of enteral access for administration with oral formulations, need for intravenous access with cangrelor, or need for metabolization to be ideal in the critical 3-hour window during an ACS. Selatogrel is a novel, potent, reversible, and selective 2-phenylprimdine-4-carboxamide administered subcutaneously under development. Results from pre-clinical, phase 1, and phase 2 trials have confirmed the agent provides sustained and reversible P2Y12 platelet inhibition with an acceptable safety profile. The most commonly reported adverse effects include minor bleeding and dyspnea. Phase 3 trials are being designed to understand the critical role this agent can play in upstream management of patients with ACS including a more defined understanding of the adverse effect profile, how to transition from this agent to an oral agent, who will be administering, and does this agent allow for a safe and quick transition to coronary artery bypass graft surgery if needed. Should it obtain approval, selatogrel has the potential to provide a unique and advantageous mechanism for P2Y12 inhibition.
Mechanisms of Inbreeding Avoidance in a Wild Primate

The deleterious effects of inbreeding have been well-documented in both captive and wild populations. Hence, animals are expected to engage in inbreeding avoidance. However, one recent meta-analysis of mate-choice experiments indicates that animals of many species do not avoid mating with kin in experimental settings, and another reports that behavioral inbreeding avoidance is likely to evolve only when kin encounter each other regularly and inbreeding costs are high. These important results call for more detailed data on the patterns and processes of encounter frequency and mating behavior between kin within natural animal populations. Here, we present the first detailed assessment of encounter frequency and behavioral inbreeding avoidance in multiple kin classes in a wild mammal population, the baboons of the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We find that death and dispersal are very effective at separating opposite-sex pairs of close adult kin. Nonetheless, adult kin pairs do sometimes coreside, and we find strong evidence for inbreeding avoidance via mate choice in kin classes with relatedness ≥ 0.25. Notably, maternal kin avoid inbreeding more effectively than paternal kin despite having identical coefficients of relatedness, pointing to the problem of kin discrimination as a potential constraint on effective inbreeding avoidance. Overall, demographic and behavioral processes ensure that inbred offspring are rare in undisturbed social groups (1% of offspring). However, in an anthropogenically disturbed social group with reduced male dispersal, we find inbreeding rates 10x higher. Our study reinforces the importance of demographic and behavioral contexts for understanding the evolution of inbreeding avoidance.
Charles Dupont-White: An idiosyncratic nineteenth-century theorist on speech, state, and John Stuart Mill

Although he is little read today, especially by Anglophone academics, Charles Dupont-White (1807–78) deserves the attention of historians of political thought for two reasons. First, he was an orig...
The Ties That Bind: Camaraderie in Military Interprofessional Healthcare Teams.

INTRODUCTION Multiple aspects of interpersonal dynamics can help or hinder the success of teams, particularly those in a Military Interprofessional Healthcare Team (MIHT). One specific mechanism for MIHTs' success is camaraderie and how these military teams are able to achieve, maintain, and enable the development of this important characteristic. Despite our understanding of military service members as being bonded like a family, we have a limited understanding of how this bond is translated into their MIHT experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study conducted interviews among 30 individuals who had participated in, led individual, and/or led many MIHTs, using a grounded theory methodology. Participants represented 11 different health professions, including officers and enlisted military members, and three branches of the U.S. military (e.g., army, navy, and air force). Data were collected and analyzed in iterative cycles until saturation was achieved. RESULTS We identified six themes that shaped the overarching concept of camaraderie in MIHTs. These themes were (1) confidence in competent peers, (2) shared goals, (3) mutual respect, (4) desire to help one another improve, (5) personal is professional, and (6) bonds of military service. This paper describes each of these themes, provides illustrative examples from the data, and describes how these components contribute to MIHTs' team dynamics. We present a model for how to understand these themes. CONCLUSIONS Through the identification and exploration of these aspects of camaraderie, we are able to better understand how MIHTs are able to be successful. MIHTs that demonstrated confidence in their brother/sister in arms possessed shared goals and missions, while maintaining mutual respect, a desire to help one another do better, and creating a personal and professional overlap tended to form stronger bonds of military service. Critically, these six aspects support a more nuanced understanding of the spirit of camaraderie and how it underpins MIHT success.
MOUSE MODEL OF OPRM1 (A118G) POLYMORPHISM HAS ALTERED HIPPOCAMPAL FUNCTION

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 A118G) has been widely studied for its association in a variety of drug addiction and pain sensitivity phenotypes; however, the extent of these adaptations and the mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive. To clarify the functional mechanisms linking the OPRM1 A118G SNP to altered phenotypes, we used a mouse model possessing the equivalent nucleotide/amino acid substitution in the Oprm1 gene. In order to investigate the impact of this SNP on circuit function, we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging in hippocampal slices and in vivo electroencephalogram recordings of the hippocampus following MOPR activation. As the hippocampus contains excitatory pyramidal cells whose activity is highly regulated by a dense network of inhibitory neurons, it serves as an ideal structure to evaluate how putative receptor function abnormalities may influence circuit activity. We found that MOPR activation increased excitatory responses in wild-type animals, an effect that was significantly reduced in animals possessing the Oprm1 SNP. Furthermore, in order to assess the in vivo effects of this SNP during MOPR activation, EEG recordings of hippocampal activity following morphine administration corroborated a loss-of-function phenotype. In conclusion, as these mice have been shown to have similar MOPR expression in the hippocampus between genotypes, these data suggest that the MOPR A118G SNP results in a loss of receptor function.
Turn It Up: That’s My Song in That AD

Music continues to be a “considerable component” (Oakes, 2007) in marketing communications, especially television advertising. Research has shown that music can affect attention, recall, and purchase intention. However, relatively little is known about popular music’s effect on attitude especially when the song in the ad is a favorite song. This study found high likeability for song, artist and brand in television ads in general, and in particular, when the song and artist were considered in terms of being a favorite with preference towards original vocal integration. This study also found the favorite song genres were evenly divided between classic rock, pop, and hip hop, with justifications for it being one’s favorite primarily based upon the song qualities (e.g., beat). Finally, consistent with prior research (Janata, et al., 2007), the autobiographical memory triggered by one’s favorite song was overwhelmingly a positive emotion and memory.
Common femoral vein aneurysm simulating an inguinal hernia

Common femoral vein aneurysms are rare, yet knowledge of this entity is important for the surgeon who performs hernia repairs. This is because common femoral vein aneurysms can simulate inguinal or femoral hernias, and misdiagnosis can lead to significant morbidity if treated incorrectly. To our knowledge, only five other cases of femoral aneurysms simulating inguinal or femoral hernias have been reported. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with inguinal pain and swelling who was found to have a common femoral vein aneurysm at surgical exploration for hernia repair. The etiology, diagnostic strategy, and management options for common femoral vein aneurysm are presented and are followed by recommendations for operative management. In the case of an unanticipated femoral aneurysm found during hernia repair, we recommend termination of the procedure followed by elective repair to be performed after appropriate diagnostic testing has been completed.
New insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic itch in patients with end‐stage renal disease, chronic liver disease, and lymphoma

Chronic itch associated with systemic diseases continues to be one of the most bothersome dermatological symptoms accompanying end-stage renal disease (ESRD), chronic liver diseases, and lymphoma. The International Forum for the Study of Itch has recently issued a consensus paper on different types of chronic pruritus, including pruritus in systemic diseases that can present with or without secondary skin changes.1Various types of itch have been described based on the origin of the itch, which could be skin-related, neuropathic, systemic, or psychogenic.2 At any given time patients with these systemic diseases may have more than one origin, for example, patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) could have neuropathic itch due to nerve fibers damage, as well as itch associated with skin inflammation such as perforating folliculitis. Itch adversely affects quality of life of patients, leading to sleep deprivation and depression that further augment itch. Chronic itch associated with systemic diseases range from mild to intractable, which is defined as a chronic itch state in which the cause cannot be removed or treated, and no relief or cure has been found in the generally accepted course of medical practice.3 In the last decade, there are significant advances in our understanding of specific itch neuronal pathways, mediators and relevant receptors, opening the field for development of new antipruritic strategies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the new findings related to the pathophysiological mechanisms and the treatment of itch associated with the most common systemic diseases including ESRD, chronic liver disease and lymphoma.
Homeless women and hazardous drinking: screening results in a primary health care setting

Background and Objectives Screening for alcohol use in primary care is underutilized, especially for women. The current study implemented systematic women's alcohol use screening in a health care for the homeless primary care program. Methods All women (n = 541) seeking care over 12 months were screened. Results Of the 541 screening forms returned, 80 women refused to answer the alcohol use questions. Of 461 completed screens, over 40% reported no alcohol use, while 43.8% reported hazardous drinking. Hazardous drinking was significantly associated with younger age, African American race, and living on the street or in a shelter. Discussion and Conclusions High rates of drinking were identified among women in different housing situations and use of systematic screening was beneficial to providers. Scientific Significance and Future Directions Health care settings are important sites to identify hazardous drinking as well as alcohol disorders among women with unstable housing histories. The growing integration of behavioral health care into primary care, and the medical home concept, both provide opportunities for brief interventions for at-risk drinkers, as well as treatment options for those with alcohol use disorders that may be particularly appealing to women. Findings support further investigation of the relationship of housing stability to drinking, and suggest African American women may need special attention. (Am J Addict 2014;23:117–122)
The Ecosystem of Partnerships: A Case Study of a Long-Term University-Community Partnership

This article presents a case study describing a robust forty eight-year partnership between the Boy Scouts of America, Brigham Young University, Utah Valley State College, and others in an annual merit badge Powwow1 for Boy Scouts. Service-learning occurs as five hundred university students andfaculty prepare for and teach merit badge classes to five thousand Boy Scouts as part of this Powwow. The article presents the history and operation of the Powwow, describes benefits to participants, and identifies some of the factors that contribute to the enduring nature of the partnership. The case study suggests that partnerships are similar to ecosystems, in which context andideology and participant and organizational goals overlap to ensure partnership adaptation and survival. This particular partnership has demonstrated that a service-learning program with all its complexity and propensity to dissolution is more than self-perpetuating; it is actually partnership-perpetuating.
Divórcio entre teoria e prática:o sistema de treinamento em saúde pública nos Estados Unidos

Many analysts have complained about the severe disconnect between public health as it is taught in schools of public health and public health as it is practiced in health departments. At least in the United States, few faculty members teaching in schools of public health have ever worked in public health departments. By the same token, few of those working in public health departments have degrees from schools of public health; most receive on-the-job training. This history traces the roots of this disconnect or "divorce between theory and practice." It finds that the 1930s were the prime years of community-based public health education, when the pressure of the Depression and the funding newly made available from the federal government by New Deal legislation encouraged practical training programs linked to local communities and health departments. The "divorce" began in the post-war period as an unintended consequence of the system for funding medical education and research at a time of general unpopularity of public health during the McCarthy era. Schools of public health were generally ignored in the 1950s and they began to adapt the strategy that continues today, of using research grants, primarily from the National Institutes of Health, to grow their faculty and facilities.
Purification of an EH Domain-binding Protein from Rat Brain That Modulates the Gating of the Rat ether-à-go-goChannel

Mutations in the gene encodingether-a-go-go (EAG) potassium channel impair the function of several classes of potassium currents, synaptic transmission, and learning in Drosophila. Absence of EAG abolishes the modulation of a broad group of potassium currents. EAG has been proposed to be a regulatory subunit of different potassium channels. To further explore this regulatory role we searched for signaling molecules that associate with EAG protein. We have purified a ∼95-kDa protein from rat brain membranes that binds to EAG. When co-expressed in mammalian cells this protein coimmunoprecipites with EAG and alters the gating of EAG channels. Expression of this protein is regulated during neuronal differentiation. The protein is identical to the recently reported rat protein epsin, which is an EH domain-binding protein similar to the Xenopus mitotic phosphoprotein MP90. These results show that proteins of the epsin family are modulators of channel activity that may link signaling pathways, or the cell cycle, to EAG and thus to various potassium channel functions.
V. The United States Army’s Historical Staff Rides: History and Historiography

Historical staff rides play such a prominent role in professional military education in American military education that one takes them for granted. 1 Assuming both the ubiquity and the educational...
EFFICACY OF INHALED NITRIC OXIDE (iNO) AND ALKALOSIS DURING PARTIAL LIQUID VENTILATION IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. |[dagger]| 1495

We investigated the efficacy of the prevailing therapies for pulmonary hypertension when combined with partial liquid ventilation (PLV). 36 piglets(age: 7-24 days) were randomly allocated to conventional ventilation (IPPV) or PLV (initial perfluorocarbon volume: 30ml/kg; Rimar 101™) at an Fi02of 0.4. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was then increased from 51 ± 4 to 189 ± 10 mm Hg/L/ min/kg by infusion of a thromboxane(TX) mimetic (U46,619: 0.09 ± 0.01 μg/kg/min). Animals were sequentially tested under: eucapnea (EU) iNO 5ppm iNO 40 ppmeucapnea respiratory alkalosis (ALK) (pH=7.59 ± 0.01) ALK with iNO(40 ppm). Results: Table below compares changes between PLV and IPPV for each sequence (mean ± s.e.m). The changes in PVR and oxygenation (Aa02: alveolar-arterial 02 gradient) are shown as% change from the previous eucapneic state. Cardiac output (C.O.) is in ml/min/kg and lung compliance (Cdyn) in ml/cm H2O/kg. Conclusions: prior to TX, the perfluorocarbon caused a density associated cardiovascular depression of moderate degree. However this did not prevent iNO and ALK to be at least as efficient as during IPPV. For both modes of ventilation, iNO and ALK had an additive effect. PLV preserved lung compliance more efficiently than IPPV and could therefore be a more effective mode of treatment in pulmonary hypertension associated with lung injury.
The cellular mechanism by which the human endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 env gene affects proliferation and differentiation in a human placental trophoblast model, BeWo.

The env region of the human endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 is expressed during differentiation of trophoblast and the choriocarcinoma BeWo. Stable transfectants with ERV-3 env exhibit most aspects of trophoblast differentiation, including inhibition of cell proliferation, changes in cell morphology, and increased production of β-hCG mRNA. In this study, the cellular mechanism of induction of BeWo cell differentiation by ERV-3 env was investigated. In BeWo cells stably transfected with ERV-3 env, the production of β-hCG mRNA and hCG protein was increased. Intracellular cAMP level was markedly increased over that of vector transfected cells. The effect on β-hCG protein production was inhibited by H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, while protein kinase C (PKC) and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors had no effect. The expression of a major cell cycle promoter, cyclin B, was markedly reduced while expression of p21, a negative regulator of the cell cycle, was up-regulated. Inhibition of ERV-3 env induced hCG production with H89 had no significant effect on cell growth when compared with cells transfected with vector alone.
Button Design for Map Overlays: 2

A new approach to button design has recently been proposed that uses natural segments, instead of even intervals, on the weight value range in determining the number of tabs that should be incorporated in a button system and the value each button carries. Button systems so designed do not have the problems of redundancy and underrepresentation that are common to the conventionally designed button systems. Presently limited to the map overlays that involve only two parent maps, this approach is extended to the case of three parent maps in this paper.
VHDL design optimization for two-dimensional filters

Multi-dimensional applications, such as image processing and seismic analysis, usually require the high computer performance obtained from the implementation of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). The critical sections of such applications consist of nested loops with the possibility of embedded conditional branch instructions. Current commercial systems use branch predication techniques, which can also be applied in the design of ASIC systems. Those techniques utilize predicate registers to control the validity of computed results. The optimized design and allocation of such registers becomes then a significant factor in the performance of the system. By using branch prediction to transform control dependencies in data dependencies, the application of a multi-dimensional retiming to an MDFG permit the iterations of the original loop body to be naturally overlapped, making the existent parallelism explicit. Based on the retiming information, predicate registers are designed as shift registers that allow the correct execution of the filter function.
Self-punitive behavior: Differential effects of stimulus change on fear of preshock area cues

Abstract Two experiments investigated the effects of stimulus change on fear conditioned to apparatus cues in the self-punitive paradigm. In the first experiment, segment cues were changed in a preshock segment (the lower startbox or first runway segment) for half of the subjects (rats) prior to the start of 15 punished-extinction (PE) trials. Hurdle-jump learning following PE trials indexed the amount of fear elicited by cues in each segment. Of subjects tested in the startbox, subjects exposed to changed stimuli showed less fear than subjects exposed to unchanged stimuli. Subjects tested in the first runway segment did not differ as a function of stimulus change. In the second experiment, three groups were tested: The stimuli.were changed in the lower startbox, in the first runway segment, or were unchanged prior to the start of 15 PE trials. Half of the subjects in each condition with changed stimuli were tested in the preshock segment with changed cues, and half were tested in the preshock segment with unchanged cues. When subjects were exposed to changed cues in the startbox, fear of the changed startbox cues was significantly lower than fear of the unchanged first-segment cues. When subjects were exposed to changed cues in the first segment or to unchanged cues, the levels of fear conditioned to the various preshock cues did not differ. The results support the theory that the level of fear conditioned to apparatus cues during PE trials depends on the spatial/temporal relationship of the cues to shock onset (Dean & Pittman, 1991) .
Information processing, memories, and synchronization in chaotic neural network with the time delay

Information processing and two types of memory in an analog neural network model with time delay that produces chaos similar to the human and animal EEGs are considered. There are two levels of information processing in this neural network: the level of individual neurons and the level of the neural network. Similar to the state of brain, the state of chaotic neural network is defined. It is characterized by two types of memories (memory I and memory II) and correlation structure between the neurons. In normal (unperturbed) state, the neural network generates chaotic patterns of averaged neuronal activities (memory I) and patterns of oscillation amplitudes (memory II). In the presence of external stimulation, the activity patterns change, showing changes in both types of memory. As in experiments on stimulation of the brain, the neural network model shows synchronization of neuronal activities due to stimulus measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient. An increase in neural network asymmetry (increase of the neural network excitability) leads to the phenomenon similar to the epilepsy. Modeling of brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and dementia is performed by removing and weakening interneuron connections. In all cases, the chaotic neural network shows a decrease of the degree of chaos and changes in both types of memory similar to those observed in experiments with healthy human subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11:39–52, 2005
A stable mitochondrial DNA in Tetrahymena pyriformis

Autoradiographs of Tetrahymena cells labeled with 3H-thymidine for long periods of time indicate incorporation into acid-insoluble, DNase sensitive material in the cytoplasm. Results of electron microscope autoradiography show that 73% of the cytoplasmic silver grains occurred over mitochondria profiles, 92% of the grains were located over or within 0.5 μ of mitochondria while 97% of the silver grains were over or within 1.0 μ of mitochondria. Tests to determine loss or gain of radioactivity during cell growth and division show that approximately one-half of the label in each cell is transmitted to each daughter cell during division. The results demonstrate that mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis contain a stable DNA-like material.
Elastic compliances of minerals related to crystallographic orientation and elastic strain energy relations in twinned crystals

Abstract Principal elastic compliances and their related secondary compliances are calculated as a function of crystallographic orientation for common rock-forming minerals for a variety of stress conditions. Marked elastic anisotropy is present in the compliances; the compliances that have zero values for the standard orientation may have values in other orientations that contribute significantly to the preferred equilibrium orientation of the strained crystal. Twin individuals of strained crystals have different elastic strain energies for most orientations in the stress field and cannot be in equilibrium with each other except at certain orientations. The strain energy difference between twin individuals should result in twin boundary migration-recrystallization to eliminate one of the twins and thereby accounts for the observed absence or rarity of certain twins in tectonites.
Fatigue Curve Needs for Higher Strength 2-1/4Cr-1Mo Steel for Petroleum Process Vessels (Survey Paper)

This paper reviews the data needed to develop fatigue design rules for pressure vessels fabricated from heat-treated 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel (SA-387, Grade 22, Class 2 plates and SA-336, Grade F22 forgings) that are operated or designed to operate at temperatures greater than 371 C (700 F). The available data were reviewed, and the results of that review were used to develop recommendations for needed analytical and experimental work. Extension of the fatigue-curve approach currently used for temperatures up to 371 C (700 F) and development of a fracture-mechanics-based, crack-growth approach were addressed. Both of these two approaches must include means for assessing the time-dependent effects of oxidation and/or creep when fatigue cycling occurs at low strain rates or includes hold times. The recommendations of this study provide a plan for the development of fatigue design rules for the use of heat-treated 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel at temperatures in the range of 371 to 482 C (700 to 900 F).
Neutralization of Primate Chorionic Gonadotropin Activities by Antisera Against the Subunits of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Radioimmunoassay and Bioassay

Antisera to the subunits (a and p) of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were used in radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in neutralization of biological activity measured by rat uterine weight bioassay (RUW) to test for the presence of common antigenic determinants between the subunits and chorionic gonadotropins from the human, gorilla (gCG), chimpanzee (chCG), and rhesus monkey (mCG). Urinary kaolin—acetone extracts of gCG and chCG, as well as native hCG, inhibited antibody binding of both 125I labeled hCG—a and hCG—P in their respective immunoassay systems, but mCG was ineffective in RIA for either of the hCG subunits. Although RUW responses to hCG, gCG and chCG were neutralized by varying quantities of each antiserum, neither antiserum to hCG—a nor hCG—P inhibited the biological activity of mCG. Evidence was obtained by both RIA and RUW neutralization studies for similarity of antigenic determinants in preparations of gCG, chCG and hCG and the subunits of hCG. (Endocrinology 92: 705, 1973)
Wood ash as a soil additive and liming agent for wheat: Field studies

Abstract An industrial wood ash with a calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) of 36 and a pH of 12.9 was applied to two field sites at 0, 0.56, 1.12, 1.68, 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 Mg/ha and at 0, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, 4.48, 8.96, 17.9, and 35.8 Mg/ha. Soil pH and available K increased with application rate, while growth of wheat and protein content on ash‐amended plots was unaffected. Cadmium, lead and zinc content in the wheat was comparable at 0 and 17.9 Mg/ha, which indicated no net accumulation of heavy metals. Based on this field study and other greenhouse studies described in the literature, wood ash can be recycled as a liming agent and soil amendment when applied at agronomic rates based on soil fertility needs and the chemical composition of the ash.
The problem of choosing the type of subsumption to use

This article is the eighteenth of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. The problem proposed for research asks one to find criteria for choosing the type of subsumption (if any) to use for completing a specific assignment. Since subsumption can be expensive (in terms of computer time), the application of such criteria to select the most effective variant of subsumption for attacking a specific problem might materially affect the liklihood of success. As possible test problems for evaluating a proposed solution to this research problem, we suggest SAM's lemma, theorems from Tarskian geometry, and theorems from equivalential calculus.
Levels of 190Os populated in the decays of 3.3 h 190mRe and 12 d 190Ir and in the 189Os(d, p)190Os reaction

Abstract The level structure of 190 Os has been investigated by the techniques of radioactive decay and neutron transfer reaction spectroscopy. The existence of 3.3 h 190m Re has been confirmed; it decays ≈ 49% by isomeric transitions and ≈ 51% by β − decay to levels in 190 Os with spins $ = 5 . In a re-investigation of the 12 d 190 Ir decay, a virtually complete decay scheme has been established and discrepancies between the I π values assigned to several 190 Os levels by earlier workers have been resolved. The reaction 189 Os(d, p) 190 Os has been studied and information about the locations of two-quasiparticle states involving the 3 2 [512]ν orbital and about the microscopic compositions of collective excitations has been derived. Various aspects of the 190 Os level structure are discussed in the light of the combined radioactivity and transfer reaction results.
Treatment of Moraxella bovis infections in calves using a long‐acting oxytetracycline formulation

George, L.W. & Smith J.A. Treatment of Moraxella bovis infections in calves using a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 8, 55–61. Studies were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an oxytetracycline HCl formulation for the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic Moraxella bovis ocular infections in calves. Two separate experiments were performed. For the first, calves were separated into two groups and the eyes were infected with M. bovis. The eyes of these calves were observed and cultured for 37 consecutive days. On the 37th and 40th day, each of the five calves were treated intramuscularly with the drug (20 mg/kg of body weight). The other five calves (second group) remained untreated as controls. The cultures from the five treated calves were negative after the first antibiotic administration and remained so for 14 days. M. bovis was isolated from each eye of the control calves at least once during that time. None of the antibiotic-treated calves was completely resistant when reinfected with M. bovis. For the second experiment, calves were given a prophylactic administration of the formulation and were then infected with M. bovis 48 (n= 4 calves) or 72 (n= 4 calves) h later. These treatments resulted in a lower incidence of keratoconjunctivitis and a decreased duration of bacterial shedding, as compared to controls (n= 8 calves), but did not completely prevent the occurrence of disease or the establishment of ocular infections. Lisle W. George, Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.