cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Penile porokeratosis of Mibelli

posi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:1365-70. 4. Diasio RB, Zihong L. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and fluorouracil chemotherapy. J Cfin Onco11994; 12:2239-42. 5. Leo S, Tatulli C, Taveri R, et al. Dermatologic toxicity from chemotherapy containing 5-fluorouracil. J Chemother 1994;6:423-6. 6. Vukelja S J, Bonner MW, McCollough ML, et al. Unusual serpentine hyperpigrnentation associated with 5-fluorouracil. J Am Acad Dermatol t991;25:905-8. 7. Vukelja SJ, James WJ, Weiss RB. Severe dermatologic toxicity from 5-fluorouracil in the presence of seborrheic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 1989;28:353-4. 8. Goette DK, Odom RB, Owens R. Allergic contact dermatitis from topical fluoronracil. Arch Dermatol 1994; 113:196-8. 9. Sloan JB, Soltani K. Iontophoresis in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:671-84. 10. Glass JM, Stephen RL, Jacobson SC. The quality and distribution of radiolabeled dexamethasone defivered to tissue by iontophoresis. Int J Dermatol 1980;19:519-25. 11. Prussick R, Thibault A, Turner ML. Recall of cutaneous toxicity from fluorouracil. Arch Dermatol 1993;129:64-5.
Neutral carrier potassium-selective electrodes with low resistances

Abstract Valinomycin-based electrodes for potassium are described which have resistances as low as 5 kΩ. Addition of a mixture of tetraphenylborate and a quaternary ammonium salt lowers the resistance to 1–3% of that without the additive. The electrode retains high selectivity for K + over Na + even in the presence of a large excess of the tetraphenylborate additive over the carrier.
Effects of Temperature on Longevity, Reproduction, and Development of the Asparagus Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the Parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The effects of various constant temperatures on longevity, fecundity, reproductive rate, and developmental rate of the asparagus aphid, Brachycorynella asparagi Mordvilko, and its parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), were investigated. Moderate temperatures (23°C) were optimal for aphid survival and reproduction. Similarities in aphid biology between Michigan and Washington, where the aphid is a severe pest, suggest that the difference in pest status between the two states is not attributable to biotype differences. D. rapae reproductive and developmental rates were highest at 30°C, but longevity was reduced considerably, reducing total fecundity. Temperature responses suggest that biotype differences are present between this population and other D. rapae populations reported in the literature. Results do not indicate what factors limit D. rapae effectiveness in the field.
Enkephalins as immunomodulators

The protective effects of methionine enkephalin as well as leucine enkephalin were studied in BDF1 mice inoculated with 1 X 10(4) and 1 X 10(2) cells of L1210 murine leukemia. Significant increases in number of survivors were observed in mice treated with enkephalins. Methionine enkephalin in the presence of PHA was found to stimulate lymphocyte blastogenesis at concentrations of 1 mg/ml to 10(-8) mg/ml. In the case of leucine enkephalin, concentrations of 1 mg/ml to 10(-10) mg/ml stimulated blastogenesis. Stimulation of blastogenesis was seen at PHA dilutions of 1:100, 1:250, 1:750, with both methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin. The results are discussed in terms of immunomodulation. It is proposed that endogenous enkephalins play a neuroendocrine role between the central nervous system and the immune system and are direct immunostimulants.
Terrorism on the evening news: An analysis of coverage of the TWA hostage crisis on “NBC nightly news”

Abstract Earlier studies on network coverage of terrorism have shown that the networks devote extensive coverage to hostage crises. Further, the networks tend to emphasize the same topics while depicting them in similar ways. These trends have contributed to growing concerns that the networks may be granting legitimacy to terrorist grievances while television journalists willingly or unwillingly become participants in the news event. The purpose of the study was to investigate the nature of news coverage devoted to the TWA hostage crisis on “NBC Nightly News.” A central objective was to investigate the emphasis which the broadcasts devoted to the crisis throughout the 17‐day ordeal. Specific research questions addressed by the study included (1) What percentage of news time did “NBC Nightly News” devote to the crisis? (2) What topics did the news broadcasts emphasize in their crisis coverage? (3) What types of stories and formats did hostage reports frequently involve? and (4) What types of sources were i...
Comparative electrophysiological properties of NG108-15 cells in serum-containing and serum-free media

Abstract The electrophysiological properties of NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrids were compared after culture in serum-containing medium (SCM) versus serum-free media (SFM) containing N2 or B27 supplements. The excitability of cells was media dependent (B27 > N2 > SCM). Action potential profiles of SFM cells were characterized by slower activation and prolonged after hyperpolarization which predisposed SFM cells to fire repetitively. The presence of three types of inward calcium currents was also revealed in SFM cells. These differential effects were primarily attributable to the media used with a secondary enhancement by the chemical differentiating agents used (dB-cAMP and forskolin).
Progressive Levels of Physical Dependence to Tobacco Coincide with Changes in the Anterior Cingulum Bundle Microstructure

Background: The tobacco withdrawal syndrome indicates the development of neurophysiologic dependence. Clinical evidence indicates that neurophysiologic dependence develops through a set sequence of symptom presentation that can be assessed with a new 3-item survey measure of wanting, craving, and needing tobacco, the Level of Physical Dependence (PD). This study sought to determine if advancing neurophysiologic dependence as measured by the Level of PD correlates with characteristics of white matter structure measured by Fractional Anisotropy (FA). Methods: Diffusion-MRI based FA and diffusion tensor imaging probabilistic tractography were used to evaluate 11 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. FA was also examined in relation to two additional measures of dependence severity, the Hooked on
Various PfRH5 polymorphisms can support Plasmodium falciparum invasion into the erythrocytes of owl monkeys and rats

Aotus nancymaae, the owl monkey, provides a useful laboratory model for research to develop drugs and vaccines against human falciparum malaria; however, many Plasmodium falciparum parasites are unable to invade A. nancymaae erythrocytes, rendering the parasites noninfective to the monkeys. In previous work, we identified a key polymorphism that determined the inheritance of erythrocyte invasion in a genetic cross of two P. falciparum clones that were virulent (GB4) or noninfective (7G8) to A. nancymaae. This polymorphism, an isoleucine-to-lysine polymorphism at position 204 (I204K) of the GB4 erythrocyte binding protein PfRH5, was nevertheless not found in several other P. falciparum lines that could also invade A. nancymaae erythrocytes. Alternative PfRH5 polymorphisms occur at different positions in these virulent parasites, and additional polymorphisms are found in P. falciparum parasites that cannot infect A. nancymaae. By allelic replacement methods, we have introduced the polymorphisms of these A. nancymaae-virulent or noninfective parasites at codons 204, 347, 358, 362, 410, and 429 of the endogenous PfRH5 gene in the noninfective 7G8 line. 7G8 transformants expressing the polymorphisms of the A. nancymaae-virulent parasites show neuraminidase-sensitive (sialic acid-dependent) invasion into the monkey erythrocytes, whereas 7G8 transformants expressing the PfRH5 alleles of noninfective parasites show little or no invasion of these erythrocytes. Parasites harboring PfRH5 polymorphisms 204K or 204R are also able to invade rat erythrocytes and are differentially sensitive to the removal of surface sialic acids by neuraminidase. These studies offer insights into the PfRH5 receptor-binding domain and interactions that support the invasion of various primate and rodent erythrocytes by P. falciparum.
Biodiversity at the molecular genetic level: experiences from disparate macroorganisms

Genetic variation is the basis of adaptive flexibility in populations and is the ultimate evolutionary basis of much species and community-level diversity. Accordingly, the preservation and maintenance of genetic diversity has a high priority in many conservation programmes. This paper discusses how genetic diversity is measured at the molecular level, including some newer measures made possible with restriction site or DNA sequence data as well as the development of a phylogenetic approach to assessing the significance of genetic variation within a species. These measures of genetic diversity are then used to re-examine the validity of the 50/500 rule of conservation biology; a rule that states that populations should have no fewer than 50 individuals for short-term maintenance of genetic variation and no fewer than 500 individuals for long-term maintenance. Both the 50 and 500 parts of this rule are found to be invalid and frequently misleading. Instead of invoking ‘universal’ rules, conservation biologists should recognize the role of biodiversity in management policies. Not all species are the same, and we need more research and a willingness to try novel approaches rather than naively apply a ‘rule’ that has no demonstrable generality.
Introducing New College of American Pathologists Reporting Templates for Cancer Biomarkers

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) has been developing guidelines on cancer data reporting for more than 25 years, with more than 80 regularly updated cancer case summaries now available for pathologists’ use. The protocols consist mostly of traditional data elements determined by gross and microscopic examination, but many of the case summaries within the protocols also include short sections on ‘‘ancillary testing.’’ As the frequency of biomarker testing and its importance in managing patients has grown, however, these results are no longer considered ancillary. The growing number of details related to this testing add to the length and complexity of the cancer resection report. Another problem with including biomarker testing in the cancer case summary is that the results are often not available at the time the primary cancer resection report is completed, either because they are still pending or because they are ordered later. In response to requests from pathologists to address these issues and streamline the CAP cancer protocol case summaries, a multidisciplinary group was assembled in 2012 to establish guidelines for reporting biomarker assays. The Cancer Biomarker Reporting Workgroup was composed of a steering committee and 3 initial site-specific expert panels charged with developing pilot biomarker reporting templates for breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Panel members participated from a variety of organizations, including the CAP, the Association for Molecular Pathology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and other organizations. The workgroup goals were to establish reporting guidelines for commonly ordered biomarkers, create stand-alone reporting templates, and improve consistency and completeness of results reporting to assist tumor registrars and others involved in data collection, exchange, and surveillance. This issue of Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine introduces new reporting templates for lung and colorectal cancer biomarkers (the template for breast cancer was harmonized with the recent update to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/CAP guideline for HER2 testing subsequent to the writing of this editorial and was completed in late 2013). These 3 templates incorporate standards based on existing guidelines as well as expert consensus where formal guidelines do not exist. These draft templates were reviewed by the CAP Cancer, Molecular Oncology, Immunohistochemistry, and Pathology Electronic Reporting Committees, followed by formal public comment and field-testing periods.
Service outage based capacity and optimum power allocation for parallel fading channels

The service outage based capacity proposed in this paper combines the concepts of ergodic capacity and outage capacity for fading channels. Service outage based capacity determines the maximum expected rate subject to a constraint which ensures that a basic service rate is achieved most of the time. A near optimum power allocation is derived for M-parallel fading channels. For a range of system parameters, this near optimum power allocation is in fact optimum and achieves the service outage based capacity.
Homologous transplantation of fetal endocrine tissue to adult non-related host.

Summary(1) Embryonic adrenal, ovary, thyroid and testes have been homologously transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye of normal dogs, guinea pigs and rabbits with a 50 to 60% survival beyond six weeks in the latter 2 species of normal animals. (2) In transplants of pancreas, only the ducts survived. (3) The best growth occurred in those animals in which the corresponding endocrine organ was removed.
Influence of inotropy and chronotropy on the mitral valve sphincter mechanism.

Background. This study was designed to isolate and quantify the effects of ventricular inotropic and chronotropic state on the normal mitral valve annular sphincter mechanism. Methods. Sonomicrometry tansducers were placed around the mitral annulus in six sheep; atrial pacing wires were also placed. One week later, esmolol was titrated to produce a baseline hemodynamic state with a heart rate of 90 bpm; hemodynamic and sonomicrometry data were recorded. Then animals were paced at 120 bpm and 150 bpm; data were recorded at each heart rate. Isoproterenol infusion was titrated to achieve a heart rate, without pacing, of 120 and 150 bpm; again, data were recorded. Annular area was calculated at end diastole (ED) and end systole (ES) for all experiments using sonomicrometry array localization. Analysis of variance was used to assess the independent effects of heart rate and inotropic state on annular area. Results. Atrial pacing at 120 bpm produced ES and ED annular areas of 777 150 mm 2 and 748.8 140.1 mm 2 , respectively. At the same heart rate, isoproterenoltreatment resulted in significantly smaller ES and ED areas: 699 160 mm 2 and 641.9 156.5 mm 2 , respectively. Atrial pacing at 150 bpm produced ES and ED annular areas of 745.2 131.3 mm 2 and 723.7 141.3 mm 2 , respectively. At the same heart rate, isoproterenoltreatment resulted in significantly smaller ES and ED areas: 652.8 146.4 mm 2 and 569.7 155.9 mm 2 , respectively. Conclusions. The inotropic state of the left ventricle directly affects the mitral valve annular orifice area, independent of heart rate. This inotropic effect on valve size is more pronounced at ED than at ES in the sheep.
Mindfulness, spirituality, and health-related symptoms.

Abstract Objective Although the relationship between religious practice and health is well established, the relationship between spirituality and health is not as well studied. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether participation in the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program was associated with increases in mindfulness and spirituality, and to examine the associations between mindfulness, spirituality, and medical and psychological symptoms. Methods Forty-four participants in the University of Massachusetts Medical School's MBSR program were assessed preprogram and postprogram on trait (Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale) and state (Toronto Mindfulness Scale) mindfulness, spirituality (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-Being Scale), psychological distress, and reported medical symptoms. Participants also kept a log of daily home mindfulness practice. Mean changes in scores were computed, and relationships between changes in variables were examined using mixed-model linear regression. Results There were significant improvements in spirituality, state and trait mindfulness, psychological distress, and reported medical symptoms. Increases in both state and trait mindfulness were associated with increases in spirituality. Increases in trait mindfulness and spirituality were associated with decreases in psychological distress and reported medical symptoms. Changes in both trait and state mindfulness were independently associated with changes in spirituality, but only changes in trait mindfulness and spirituality were associated with reductions in psychological distress and reported medical symptoms. No association was found between outcomes and home mindfulness practice. Conclusions Participation in the MBSR program appears to be associated with improvements in trait and state mindfulness, psychological distress, and medical symptoms. Improvements in trait mindfulness and spirituality appear, in turn, to be associated with improvements in psychological and medical symptoms.
On characterizing bandwidth requirements of parallel applications

Synthesizing architectural requirements from an application viewpoint can help in making important architectural design decisions towards building large scale parallel machines. In this paper, we quantify the link bandwidth requirement on a binary hypercube topology for a set of five parallel applications. We use an execution-driven simulator called SPASM to collect data points for system sizes that are feasible to be simulated. These data points are then used in a regression analysis for projecting the link bandwidth requirements for larger systems. The requirements are projected as a function of the following system parameters: number of processors, CPU clock speed, and problem size. These results are also used to project the link bandwidths for other network topologies. Our study quantifies the link bandwidth that has to be made available to limit the network overhead in an application to a specified tolerance level. The results show that typical link bandwidths (200-300 MBytes/sec) found in current commercial parallel architectures (such as Intel Paragon and Cray T3D) would have fairly low network overhead for the applications considered in this study. For two of the applications, this overhead is negligible. For the other applications, this overhead can be limited to about 30% of the execution time provided the problem sizes are increased commensurate with the processor clock speed. The technique presented can be useful to a system architect to synthesize the bandwidth requirements for realizing well-balanced parallel architectures.
Polymer Photovoltaic Optimizations Via Molecular Structure, Morphology, and Orbital Level Fine Tuning

The optimization approaches of polymeric solar cells in both space and energy regimes are described at molecular and orbital levels. For instance, it was found the photoelectric conversions of a donor-bridge-acceptor-bridge type block copolymer is much better then the corresponding donor/acceptor blend under identical conditions, and that was mainly attributed to spatial morphology improvement in the block copolymer. At energy and electron transfer dynamic regime, preliminary theoretical analysis revealed that the photo induced charge separation appears most efficient when the frontier orbital offset is equal to the sum of the charge separation reorganization energy and the exciton binding energy. The degree of orbital overlap is critical for mechanisms of charge carrier generation and transport. The donor/acceptor charge separation model is applicable to both excited and ground state charge separation cases.
Exploring Potential Consequences of Job Involvement Among Jail Staff

Jail staff who harbor negative attitudes toward their jobs can be detrimental for the functional operation of the organization. Presumably, personnel who are more involved with their work should have lower levels of stress and higher levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, compared with those who are not involved. The current study examined the effects of job involvement on job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment at a large county jail system in Florida. Based on multivariate analyses of staff survey data, the results revealed that job involvement was negatively related to job stress and positively related to both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The implications of these findings for correctional research and practice are also considered.
A dynamic body-biased SRAM with asymmetric halo implant MOSFETs

In this paper, we propose an SRAM macro that realizes 0.5V operation by combining a device technique with simple design architecture. Regarding the device technique, we utilize asymmetric halo implant MOSFETs, which enables to enhance both the static noise margin and write margin of SRAM, simultaneously. As for the design technique, dynamic body-bias scheme which operates body bias dynamically is introduced to overcome the speed degradation due to lower supply voltage. Showing measured data fabricated on 45nm CMOS technology, we demonstrate a plausible scenario for achieving 0.5V operating SoC products.
Electrophysiological Low-Frequency Coherence and Cross-Frequency Coupling Contribute to BOLD Connectivity

Summary Brain networks are commonly defined using correlations between blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in different brain areas. Although evidence suggests that gamma-band (30–100 Hz) neural activity contributes to local BOLD signals, the neural basis of interareal BOLD correlations is unclear. We first defined a visual network in monkeys based on converging evidence from interareal BOLD correlations during a fixation task, task-free state, and anesthesia, and then simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the same four network areas in the task-free state. Low-frequency oscillations (
Accounting for Liabilities: Conceptual Issues, Standard Setting, and Evidence from Academic Research

In this paper, we summarize conceptual issues that arise in the definition, recognition, derecognition, classification, and measurement of liabilities. We also highlight problems in existing accounting standards for liabilities and identify opportunities to refine those standards. Where relevant, we describe evidence from empirical accounting research involving liabilities and identify opportunities for future research. Our objective is to highlight the inconsistencies and controversies surrounding existing accounting standards for liabilities, and to describe the research evidence that provides insights into accounting for liabilities. A better understanding of the current problems in accounting for liabilities and the related research evidence should help standard setters and their constituents in their attempts to improve GAAP, and should stimulate future academic research to shed new light on accounting for liabilities.
Determination of the K∗(1800) spin parity☆

Abstract A spherical harmonic moment analysis of the reactions K − p → K − π + n and K + p → K + π − Δ ++ at 13 GeV/ c demonstrates the existence of a broad K ∗ state with mass in the vicinity of 1800 MeV and spin parity 3 − .
A Rule-based Conversation Participant

The problem of modeling human understanding and generation of a coherent dialog is investigated by simulating a conversation participant. The rule-based system currently under development attempts to capture the intuitive concept of "topic" using data structures consisting of declarative representations of the subjects under discussion linked to the utterances and rules that generated them. Scripts, goal trees, and a semantic network are brought to bear by general, domain-independent conversational rules to understand and generate coherent topic transitions and specific output utterances.
Levetiracetam Rectal Administration in Healthy Dogs

Background Levetiracetam is used to manage status epilepticus (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) in humans. The drug might be absorbed after rectal administration and could offer a practical adjunct to rectal administration of diazepam in managing SE and CS. Hypothesis Levetiracetam is rapidly absorbed after rectal administration in dogs and maintains target serum concentrations for at least 9 hours. Animals Six healthy privately owned dogs between 2 and 6 years of age and weighing 10-20 kg. Methods Levetiracetam (40 mg/kg) was administered rectally and blood samples were obtained immediately before (time zero) and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180, 360, and 540 minutes after drug administration. Dogs were observed for signs of adverse effects over a 24-hour period after drug administration. Results CLEV at 10 minutes was 15.3 ± 5.5 μg/mL (mean, SD) with concentrations in the target range (5-40 μg/mL) for all dogs throughout the sampling period. Cmax (36.0 ± 10.7 μg/mL) and Tmax (103 ± 31 minutes) values were calculated and 2 disparate groups were appreciated. Dogs with feces in the rectum at the time of drug administration had lower mean Cmax values (26.7 ± 3.4 μg/mL) compared with those without (45.2 ± 4.4 μg/mL). Mild sedation was observed between 60 and 90 minutes without other adverse effects noted. Conclusions and clinical importance This study supports the use of rectally administered levetiracetam in future studies of clinical effectiveness in the management of epileptic dogs.
High Circulating Ghrelin: A Potential Cause for Hyperphagia and Obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder occurring in 1 of 10,000 –16,000 live births and is characterized by excessive appetite with progressive massive obesity as well as short stature and mental retardation. Most patients have GH deficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The causes of the hyperphagia and abnormal GH secretion are unknown. To determine whether ghrelin, a novel GH secretagogue with orexigenic properties, is elevated in PWS, we measured fasting plasma ghrelin concentration; body composition (dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry); and subjective ratings of hunger (visual analog scale) in seven subjects (6 males and 1 female; age, 26 7 yr; body fat, 39 11%, mean SD) with PWS (diagnosis confirmed by genetic test) and 30 healthy subjects (reference population, 15 males and 15 females; age, 32 7 yr; body fat, 36 11%) fasted overnight. All subjects were weight stable for at least 6 months before admission to the study. The mean plasma ghrelin concentration was higher in PWS than in the reference population (307 164 vs. 109 24 fmol/ml; P < 0.001), and this difference remained significant after adjustment for percentage body fat (P < 0.001). Plasma ghrelin was also higher (P 0.0004) in PWS than in five healthy subjects fasted for 36 h. A positive correlation was found between plasma ghrelin and subjective ratings of hunger (r 0.71; P 0.008). Furthermore, in subjects with PWS, the concentration of the hormone was not different before and after ingestion of 2 ml and a satiating amount of the same liquid meal (ghrelin concentrations: 307 164 vs. 306 205 vs. 260 134 fmol/ml, respectively; ANOVA for repeated measures, P 0.56). This is the first evidence that ghrelin, a novel orexigenic hormone, is elevated in subjects with PWS. Our finding suggests that ghrelin may be responsible, at least in part, for the hyperphagia observed in PWS. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 5461–5464, 2002)
Medical abortion with methotrexate 75 mg intramuscularly and vaginal misoprostol

Methotrexate (50 mg/m2 intramuscularly and 50 mg orally) followed by vaginal misoprostol have proven to be > 90% effective at causing abortion in women at less than 49 days' gestation. Although the effectiveness of the oral dose (which has a lower serum bioavailability) demonstrates that a methotrexate dose of 50 mg/m2 may be more than necessary, an intramuscular regimen is more advantageous because it is less costly. This trial was designed to investigate the potential effectiveness of a single dose of methotrexate, 75 mg intramuscularly, in a regimen for early abortion. One hundred subjects received 75 mg methotrexate intramuscularly followed 5 to 6 days later by 800 micrograms misoprostol vaginally. The misoprostol dose was repeated if the abortion did not occur. Outcome measures included successful abortion (complete abortion without requiring a surgical procedure), duration of vaginal bleeding, and side effects. One subject was lost to follow-up. Complete abortion occurred in 94 of 99 (94.9%, 95% CI 90.6, 99.3%) patients. The complete abortion rate was no different for earlier gestations: 38 of 40 (95.0%, 95% CI 88.2, 100%) at up to 42 days' gestation and 56 of 59 (94.9%, 95% CI 89.3, 100%) at more than 42 days' gestation (p = 0.99). Abortion occurred in the 24 h following the initial or repeat misoprostol dose (immediate success) in 70.7%; the remaining 24.2% of women who aborted did so after a delay of 22 +/- 10 days (mean + standard deviation). Vaginal bleeding lasted 17 +/- 8 days and 11 +/- 7 days in immediate success and delayed success patients, respectively. Overall, 77.8%, 86.9%, and 91.9% of patients had passed the pregnancy by 14, 28, and 35 days, respectively, after receiving methotrexate. This preliminary evaluation demonstrates that a medical abortion regimen using 75 mg methotrexate intramuscularly appears to have similar effectiveness to one with 50 mg/m2 methotrexate.
Kinematic Analysis of Quadrotors with Manufacturing Errors

We discuss the problem of calibrating quadrotors fabricated using inexpensive printing techniques used by the do-it-yourself community. Although it is easy to create prototypes rapidly, the rotor axes and positions in these prototypes may not be according to specifications. In such a case, operating the motors at the nominal speeds will not result in stable hovering. The fundamental equations that govern hovering are similar to those encountered in objects suspended with cables in that they couple the position and orientation variables with the forces required for equilibrium. We develop the kinematics and statics and derive the conditions for stable equilibrium with a numerical example to illustrate the basic ideas and point to approaches in which adaptation through software can rectify shortcomings in inexpensive manufacturing processors.
Neural Progenitor Cells of the Adult Human Brain

Over the past two decades, studies of cell genesis in the adult vertebrate brain have revealed the persistence of neural progenitor cells in both the neuroepithelial lining of the cerebral ventricles and the developmentally contiguous hippocampal dentate gyrus. Competent neural progenitor cells have been identified in adult fish, reptiles, birds, rodents, monkeys, and humans (1,2). Across phylogeny, both multipotential and phenotypically restricted progenitors populate the ventricular lining (3, 4, 5, 6, 7), within which they appear to be largely subependymal in origin (8,9). These subependymal neural progenitor cells extend throughout the adult ventricular system (10, 11, 12), persist throughout adult life (13,14), and may include or derive from multipotential founders (15, 16, 17). Although ependymal cells have also been reported to include multipotential progenitors (18), this observation remains controversial and as yet unverified. Rather, most studies have pointed to the existence in adults of a subependymal progenitor cell population, which remains neurogenic in selected regions, such as the avian neostriatum and rodent olfactory bulb, but that more typically is quiescent unless activated (17,19), then yielding either glia or short-lived neuronal progeny (18,20).
Learning to Work in Partially Distributed Teams: The Impact of Team Interaction on Learning Outcomes

Partially distributed teams (PDTs) consist of two or more sub teams that are separated geographically. This paper presents the results of a study of global partially distributed student teams collaborating over a five-week period. Over one thousand students participated from more than a dozen universities spanning nine countries. By understanding what drives learning, we are better equipped to prepare students for careers in the global marketplace. Thus, the research question addressed is, "What are the relative impacts of team interaction variables on (1) learning to work in partially distributed teams and (2) learning skills pertaining to requirements determination and high-level design within the domain of emergency management information systems (EMIS)?" Eight explanatory variables were investigated in a multiple regression analysis. Three variables, coordination, interaction performance, and (lack of) conflict were significant in both within and between sub team analyses in both learning contexts. Shared identity was significant regarding PDT learning while personal and process trust were significant regarding EMIS domain learning.
The neurologic implications of diabetic hyperglycemia during surgical procedures at increased risk for brain ischemia

The neurologic implications of diabetic hyperglycemia depend on whether the ischemic insult is permanent or temporary. Laboratory studies show that following permanent focal ischemia, a situation analogous to stroke, diabetic hyperglycemia is protective in the penumbral region, whereas it may slightly increase infarct size. In addition, clinical studies cannot unequivocally attribute poor outcome in diabetic stroke patients to hyperglycemia. Thus, both laboratory and clinical studies have been unable to define a cause and effect relationship between diabetic hyperglycemia and neurologic outcome following stroke. On the other hand, diabetic hyperglycemia is an important determinant of neurologic outcome following temporary focal ischemia (analogous to temporary occlusion of a cerebral vessel) and global ischemia (analogous to circulatory arrest). Based on laboratory studies, aggressive insulin-based blood glucose management with the goal of euglycemia is imperative prior to temporary ischemia. However, intraoperative ischemic events are overwhelmingly of a permanent focal nature, and the neurologic implications of diabetic hyperglycemia for the vast majority of surgical procedures at increased risk for brain ischemia are minimal. It is only in circumstances where temporary focal or global ischemia are used as part of the surgical procedure that aggressive insulin-based blood glucose management is warranted.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research: A Complementary Balance

Both of these research paradigms reflect legitimate and valuable forms of disciplined or systematic inquiry that often complement each other in the creation of knowledge.
Statistical assessment of the global regulatory role of histone acetylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Background: Histone acetylation plays important but incompletely understood roles in gene regulation. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of histone acetylation is difficult because many different histone acetylation patterns exist and their effects are confounded by other factors, such as the transcription factor binding sequence motif information and nucleosome occupancy. Results: We analyzed recent genomewide histone acetylation data using a few complementary statistical models and tested the validity of a cumulative model in approximating the global regulatory effect of histone acetylation. Confounding effects due to transcription factor binding sequence information were estimated by using two independent motif-based algorithms followed by a variable selection method. We found that the sequence information has a significant role in regulating transcription, and we also found a clear additional histone acetylation effect. Our model fits well with observed genome-wide data. Strikingly, including more complicated combinatorial effects does not improve the model's performance. Through a statistical analysis of conditional independence, we found that H4 acetylation may not have significant direct impact on global gene expression. Conclusion: Decoding the combinatorial complexity of histone modification requires not only new data but also new methods to analyze the data. Our statistical analysis confirms that histone acetylation has a significant effect on gene transcription rates in addition to that attributable to upstream sequence motifs. Our analysis also suggests that a cumulative effect model for global histone acetylation is justified, although a more complex histone code may be important at specific gene loci. We also found that the regulatory roles among different histone acetylation sites have important differences.
Undersea communication network self-localization during the Unet'08 seatrial

The U.S. Navy Seaweb project has been advancing the state-of-the-art in undersea acoustic networks over the past decade. Seaweb utilizes commercially available telesonar modems and has developed link/network layer firmware to provide a robust undersea communications capability. Gateway technologies and a Seaweb server have been successfully developed. Over 50 successful deployments of Seaweb networks have been made, most focusing on engineering development of the system, while others were interfaced to various Navy applications for demonstration. Recent progress has been made in enhancing the autonomy of these undersea communications networks. Seaweb networks now have the capability to perform self-discovery and establish the connectivity of the network autonomously. A byproduct of the self-discovery process is the set of inter-nodal range measurements for nodes that have communication connectivity. With this information, a centralized control node may estimate the localization of the network layout, subject to some constraints. This paper provides an overview of the Seaweb undersea networking capability and describes the localization algorithm. Its limitations and constraints are also discussed. The algorithm is applied to actual experimental data collected by a Seaweb network deployed during the Unet'08 sea trial. Results are shown for two network topologies deployed during that trial.
Faceted execution of policy-agnostic programs

It is important for applications to protect sensitive data. Even for simple confidentiality and integrity policies, it is often difficult for programmers to reason about how the policies should interact and how to enforce policies across the program. A promising approach is policy-agnostic programming, a model that allows the programmer to implement policies separately from core functionality. Yang et al. describe Jeeves, a programming language that supports information flow policies describing how to reveal sensitive values in different output channels. Jeeves uses symbolic evaluation and constraint-solving to produce outputs adhering to the policies. This strategy provides strong confidentiality guarantees but limits expressiveness and implementation feasibility.We extend Jeeves with faceted values, which exploit the structure of sensitive values to yield both greater expressiveness and to facilitate reasoning about runtime behavior. We present a faceted semantics for Jeeves and describe a model for propagating multiple views of sensitive information through a program. We provide a proof of termination-insensitive non-interference and describe how the semantics facilitate reasoning about program behavior.
Social Movement Policy Success: Decriminalizing State Sodomy Laws, 1969–1998

This study provides an event history analysis of the factors contributing to a social movement's ability to influence pubic policy. More specifically, the study presents a quantitative, historical examination of the influence of national, state, and local gay and lesbian movements on the decriminalization of state sodomy laws, an important goal of the movement, from 1969 to 1998. Drawing from political opportunity models, resource mobilization theory, and theories of cultural opportunity, the study explores the importance of political conditions, social movement characteristics, and the larger cultural context on the ability of the gay and lesbian movement to achieve its goals. The analyses demonstrate that all three factors have some influence on the likelihood of sodomy law decriminalization, but most importantly, political opportunity and movement characteristics work together to bring about success. During periods of political opportunity, the size and tactics of the lesbian and gay movement influence...
Distribution and diversity of Na-K-Cl cotransport proteins: a study with monoclonal antibodies

The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is present in most animal cells where it functions in cell volume homeostasis and epithelial salt transport. We developed six monoclonal antibodies (designated T4, T8, T9, T10, T12, and T14) against a fusion protein fragment encompassing the carboxy-terminal 310 amino acids of the human colonic NKCC. These T antibodies selectively recognized putative NKCC proteins in a diverse variety of animal tissues. Western blot analysis of membranes isolated from 23 types of cells identified single bands of immunoreactive protein ranging in mass from 146 to 205 kDa. The amount of immunoreactive protein detected in these cells correlated with loop diuretic binding site density. Proteins identified previously as Na-K-Cl cotransporters by loop diuretic photoaffinity labeling were mutually recognized by multiple T antibodies. Most of the T antibodies effectively immunoprecipitated the denatured form of the NKCC protein. Immunocytochemical studies on the rabbit parotid gland demonstrated that NKCC is restricted to the basolateral margin of the acinar cells and absent from the ducts, in accord with the central role of Na-K-Cl cotransport in chloride secretion. In the rabbit kidney, NKCC was localized to the apical membrane of thick ascending limb cells, consistent with its role in chloride reabsorption.
Integrating Racial Justice into the Civil Procedure Survey Course

This paper was presented at the AALS Civil Procedure Conference in New York City in June 2003. Civil procedure is not simply a set of technical rules governing the litigation process. True, it can be taught that way. As any proceduralist knows, however, civil procedure, however, can be much more. It touches on some of the nation's most pressing social justice issues of our times, ranging from full, fair, and efficient compensation of victims of mass torts to the democratic underpinnings of the system of trial by jury. With the knowledge that civil procedure touches on important social justice concerns, this article lays out the case for raising issues of race, as well as class and gender, in the civil procedure survey course. There is every reason to try to integrate the most pressing social issues of our times in a class in which they naturally fit. This article also offers concrete suggestions on how one might integrate these issues into the survey course in civil procedure. In so doing, many examples are taken from cases included in John J. Cound, Jack H. Friedenthal, Arthur R. Miller, John E. Sexton, Civil Procedure: Cases and Materials (8th ed., 2001), perhaps the leading casebook, as well as one of the most traditional, in the field. This casebook has proven to be an effective teaching tool for civil procedure professors at schools across the country and, perhaps surprisingly to some, neatly lends itself to the integration of race, class, and gender into class discussion. In using the book, an instructor may raise racial justice concerns in the analysis of cases without the assignment of much in the way of supplementary material. Others who follow a similar approach may assign readings in addition to a casebook. Issues of race, class, and gender also can be raised with the use of most civil procedure casebooks; many leading civil procedure decisions commonly to the average casebook allow for such discussion. The one prerequisite for following the suggestions in this article is a general commitment to a discussion, rather than a lecture, format. Many of the racial justice issues raised in this article can be posed to the class for consideration, debate, and dialogue. My hope in the civil procedure survey course is to highlight the difficulties posed by the questions, rather than to provide definitive answers. Part I of this article outlines why civil procedure teachers should try to integrate social justice issues into the first year survey course on the subject. The focus tends to be on race, although issues of class, gender, and related issues come into play. Part II offers examples from a variety of civil procedure cases and subjects to outline how an instructor through use of the Socratic method might perform that task with a traditional casebook.
A REVIEW OF SPRAY IGNITION PHENOMENON

Theoretical and experimental studies dealing with the spray ignition phenomenon are reviewed. Topics related to external-source ignition and spontaneous ignition in liquid fuel sprays are covered. An attempt is made to provide a common link between the spray ignition, individual droplet ignition, and droplet cluster ignition. In a similar way, common features of external-source ignition and spontaneous ignition in sprays are identified. Available experimental data for the model validation is also presented. Potential topics for further research are suggested.
Abstract B58: Discovery of a novel drug KBU2046 that inhibits conversion of human prostate cancer to a metastatic phenotype

Epidemiological evidence, preclinical studies and prospective phase II studies in humans indicate that the isoflavone, genistein, will inhibit the conversion of human prostate cells to an invasive, and ultimately, a metastatic phenotype. Though promising, genistein exerts many additional effects that have the potential for future toxicity in humans. We therefore sought to discover a new drug with improved efficacy and most importantly, with high specificity. Starting from an isoflavone chemical scaffold, we employed a fragment-based chemical synthesis diversification approach, and coupled it to three in vitro screens: 1) cell invasion (efficacy), 2) cell growth inhibition (an indicator of general toxicity), and 3) several measures of estrogenic activity. From multiple synthesis/biological assay iterations we developed a refined structure-activity relationship map, thereby leading us to discover KBU2046. KBU2046 represents a new and chemically distinct class of bioactive compounds. It has greater anti-invasion efficacy than genistein, and more importantly, no cell toxicity or estrogenic activity. Extensive toxicity studies in mice were negative. At low nanomolar blood concentrations, KBU2046 will prevent orthotopically implanted human prostate cancer cells from forming metastasis in a dose-responsive fashion. In summary, we have successfully discovered and developed a compound that prevents progression to a metastatic phenotype for human prostate cancer. We are in the process of bringing KBU2046 into the clinic, with the goal of preventing death from the second most common cause of cancer related death in men. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B58.
Office Head and Neck Photography

Head and neck disorders may be documented photographically for record keeping by the office practitioner. These photographs serve as a repository of visual teaching aids. A photographic system consisting of the Olympus OM 2 camera, the OM 50 f-3.5 auto-macro lens, the flash OM T-10 ring light, and the OM T-10 power control, along with details of technique and a method of filing and retrieval, are presented in this report.
Measurement of the neutron spectrum and ambient neutron dose rate equivalent from the small 252 Cf source at 1 meter

NASA Langley Research Center requested a measurement of the neutron spectral distribution and fluence from the 252Cf source (model NS-120, LLNL serial # 7001677, referred as the SMALL Cf source) and determination of the ambient neutron dose rate equivalent and kerma at 100 cm for the Radiation Budget Instrument Experiment (Rad-X). The dosimetric quantities should be based on the neutron spectrum and the current neutron-to-dose conversion coefficients.