cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Media, New Messages: Innovation through Adoption of Hypertext and Hypermedia Technologies

We live in an age in which decisions made about information access today will have a profound impact on the libraries and librarians of tomorrow. Emerging new developments in information and communication technologies are already affecting the ways we organize work, seek information and develop innovations. Emerging hypertext and hypermedia systems promise to further support new levels of human creativity through explicitly linking related facts and ideas. Project development, too, requires the evolution of new working relationships between librarians, programmers and other team members. Such changes can best occur in the context of nontraditional organizational structures which nurture human creativity and innovativeness among its members.
Autopsy findings of heart and lungs in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension associated with use of fenfluramine and phentermine

A 36-year-old woman (height, 157 cm; weight, 117 kg; body mass index, 47.5) received fenfluramine and phentermine (fen-phen) for 7 months, and pulmonary hypertension subsequently developed. Her pulmonary arterial pressure was 56 mm Hg, and echocardiography showed right ventricular dilatation and hypokinesia. Cardiopulmonary arrest developed during right-heart catheterization, and she died 3 days later. At autopsy, right ventricular dilatation with fibroproliferative tricuspid valve was identified. The pulmonary arteries, including the main arteries and elastic arteries to the arterioles, revealed fibroproliferative plaque; the latter was more severe and more prominent in the upper lobes than in the lower lobes. Combined cardiac valvular disease and pulmonary hypertension appear to occur frequently in patients receiving fen-phen, and more autopsy cases of patients with a history of fen-phen usage are warranted to document the frequency of combined cardiac valvular disease and pulmonary hypertension in the United States.
Role of histamine in brain protection in surgical brain injury in mice

Surgical resection of brain tissue is associated with tissue damage at the resection margin. Studies of ischemic brain injury in rodents have shown that administration of L-histidine and thioperamide reduces ischemic tissue loss, in part by inhibition of apoptotic cell death. In this study we tested administration of L-histidine and thioperamide in surgical brain injury in mice. Mice were randomized to one of three groups: Sham surgery (n=18), surgical brain injury without treatment (SBI) (n=33), and surgical brain injury with combined l-histidine and thioperamide treatment (SBI+H) (n=29). Surgical brain injury was induced via right frontal craniotomy with resection of the right frontal lobe. L-histidine (1000 mg/kg) and thioperamide (5 mg/kg) were administered to the SBI+H group immediately following surgical resection. Postoperative assessment included neurobehavioral scores, Evans blue measurement of blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain water content, Nissl histology, and immunohistochemistry for IgG and cleaved caspase 3. Postoperative findings included equivalent neurobehavioral outcomes at 24 and 72 h in the SBI and SBI+H groups, similar histological outcomes between SBI and SBI+H, and similar qualitative staining for cleaved caspase 3. SBI+H had increased BBB breakdown on Evans blue analysis and a trend towards increased brain edema which was significant at 72 h. We conclude that combined treatment with l-histidine and thioperamide leads to increased BBB breakdown and brain edema in surgical brain injury.
Does viewing justified violence lead to devaluing others

Viewing violent media has been shown to increase aggressive behavior, affect, and cognition. Viewing “justified” violence (the target is believed to be deserving of the violence) further increases the risk of aggression. The present study investigated whether viewing justified violence primes thoughts of devalued others, an inflated sense of self, or both. Participants viewed one of three eight-minute video clips depicting either justified violence, non-justified violence, or no violence. Participants' reaction times to four types of computer-presented sentences were then measured: sentences either valued the self, valued others, devalued the self, or devalued others. Viewing justified violence resulted in reaction time patterns that devalued others, but had no effect upon reaction times to self-relevant sentences. The possibility that viewing justified violence, by priming devaluing thoughts of others, may impact interpersonal behavior in non-conscious and automatic ways is discussed.
The influence of lateral advection on the residual estuarine circulation : a numerical modeling study of the Hudson River Estuary

Abstract In most estuarine systems it is assumed that the dominant along-channel momentum balance is between the integrated pressure gradient and bed stress. Scaling the amplitude of the estuarine circulation based on this balance has been shown to have predictive skill. However, a number of authors recently highlighted important nonlinear processes that contribute to the subtidal dynamics at leading order. In this study, a previously validated numerical model of the Hudson River estuary is used to examine the forces driving the residual estuarine circulation and to test the predictive skill of two linear scaling relationships. Results demonstrate that the nonlinear advective acceleration terms contribute to the subtidal along-channel momentum balance at leading order. The contribution of these nonlinear terms is driven largely by secondary lateral flows. Under a range of forcing conditions in the model runs, the advective acceleration terms nearly always act in concert with the baroclinic pressure gradie...
Selection of tendon grafts for distal radioulnar ligament reconstruction and report of a modified technique.

Purpose To investigate the graft length necessary to complete a distal radioulnar ligament reconstruction and assess the suitability of several tendon graft sources. Methods We measured the graft length needed to complete the distal radioulnar ligament reconstruction in 7 fresh-frozen cadaver specimens. The pure tendon lengths of 7 tendon graft sources were measured: palmaris longus, extensor indicis proprius, slips of extensor digiti minimi and abductor pollicis longus, and portions of flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi ulnaris. A modified technique that allows for a shorter length of graft is also described, and the suitability of each graft source for this technique was assessed. Results The mean graft lengths needed to complete the original and modified reconstructions were 138 mm and 89 mm, respectively. The average length of the tendon graft when measured as pure tendon was: palmaris longus (127 mm), slip of extensor digiti minimi (112 mm), extensor indicis proprius (100 mm), partial flexor carpi radialis (87 mm), slip of abductor pollicis longus (69 mm), partial flexor carpi ulnaris (67 mm), and partial extensor carpi ulnaris (67 mm). The palmaris longus was too short for the original technique in the majority of specimens but was sufficient to complete the modified technique in every specimen that had a palmaris longus. Six specimens also had an extensor indicis proprius of suitable length for the modified technique. Conclusions The length of donor graft required for the modified reconstruction was significantly less than that needed for the original reconstruction. Three specimens had no donor tendons sufficiently long to complete the original technique if a pure tendon graft were used, whereas the modified technique could be completed in all specimens. Clinical relevance Many tendon graft sources in the upper extremity are of insufficient length to complete the distal radioulnar ligament reconstruction as described. A modified technique using suture anchors may be a useful alternative in such cases.
Recognition memory and recall as a function of degree of polarization on the semantic differential

Words of high and low polarization (D4) on the semantic differential were drawn from Jenkins' table and used in a recognition-memory experiment in which S rated the ‘oldness’ of each test word. One group was shown old words of high D4 while another group was shown old words of low D4 at a 5-sec exposure rate. On the recognition test S was presented with the old words intermingled with new words of both high and low D4. Significant generalization between old and new words of similar D4 value occurred only in the old-low group. A separate experiment showed that recall after one list exposure was greater for the high-D4 words. Therefore, another old-high group was given a recognition test after seeing the old-high list at a 2-sec rate in an attempt to equate amount retained with the old-low group of Exp. I. Significant generalization was obtained for this group, but the size of the effect was small. The results were discussed in terms of the greater distinctiveness of highly polarized items as well as in terms of D4 and D.
Nitric oxide synthase 3 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) depletion or inhibition reduces ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), but the responsible mechanisms remain incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of endothelial NOS, NOS3, in the pathogenesis of VILI in an in vivo mouse model. Wild-type and NOS3-deficient mice were ventilated with high-tidal volume (HV(T); 40 ml/kg) for 4 h, with and without adding NO to the inhaled gas. Additional wild-type mice were pretreated with tetrahydrobiopterin and ascorbic acid, agents that can prevent NOS-generated superoxide production. Arterial blood gas tensions, histology, and lung mechanics were evaluated after 4 h of HV(T) ventilation. The concentration of protein, IgM, cytokines, malondialdehyde, and 8-isoprostane were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Myeloperoxidase activity, total and oxidized glutathione levels, and NOS-derived superoxide production were measured in lung tissue homogenates. HV(T) ventilation induced VILI in wild-type mice, as reflected by decreased lung compliance, increased concentrations of protein and cytokines in BALF, and oxidative stress. All indices of VILI were ameliorated in NOS3-deficient mice. Augmenting pulmonary NO levels by breathing NO during mechanical ventilation did not increase lung injury in NOS3-deficient mice. HV(T) ventilation increased NOS-inhibitable superoxide production in lung extracts from wild-type mice but not in those from NOS3-deficient mice. Administration of tetrahydrobiopterin and ascorbic acid ameliorated VILI in wild-type mice. Our results indicate that NOS3 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury via increased production of superoxide.
Seeking supernovae in the clouds: a performance study

Today, our picture of the Universe radically differs from that of just over a decade ago. We now know that the Universe is not only expanding as Hubble discovered in 1929, but that the rate of expansion is accelerating, propelled by mysterious new physics dubbed "Dark Energy." This revolutionary discovery was made by comparing the brightness of nearby Type Ia supernovae (which exploded in the past billion years) to that of much more distant ones (from up to seven billion years ago). The reliability of this comparison hinges upon a very detailed understanding of the physics of the nearby events. As part of its effort to further this understanding, the Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) relies upon a complex pipeline of serial processes that execute various image processing algorithms in parallel on ~10TBs of data.This pipeline has traditionally been run on a local cluster. Cloud computing offers many features that make it an attractive alternative. The ability to completely control the software environment in a Cloud is appealing when dealing with a community developed science pipeline with many unique library and platform requirements. In this context we study the feasibility of porting the SNfactory pipeline to the Amazon Web Services environment. Specifically we: describe the tool set we developed to manage a virtual cluster on Amazon EC2, explore the various design options available for application data placement, and offer detailed performance results and lessons learned from each of the above design options.
Experiences of Covictims of Homicide: Implications for Research and Practice

Covictims of homicide are a hidden and sparsely researched group whose needs, as crime victims, are neglected and subsumed by the state's agenda for retributive justice. Likewise, their unique and ...
Low-Density Triploid Grass Carp Stockings for Submersed Vegetation Control in Small Impoundments

ABSTRACT We evaluated the ability of low-density triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) stockings to provide partial control of submersed vegetation (maintain 10–40% coverage) in four small impoundments. Triploid grass carp were stocked during May 1991 at densities ranging from 4.0 to 7.5 per surface ha; additional triploid grass carp (5.0 per surface ha) were added to one impoundment during June 1992. Submersed vegetation was monitored initially and during July 1991–1994. Grass carp stockings of 4.0 per surface ha failed to provide the desired submersed vegetation control through 1994. A stocking of 7.5 triploid grass carp per surface ha eliminated all submersed vegetation [southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis)] from one impoundment. A significant reduction in southern naiad and coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) was apparent in 1993 following the supplemental stocking of triploid grass carp. However submersed vegetation coverage and biomass appeared to be increasing in 1994. Because elimination and...
P02.171. Lessons learned from a preliminary study of Whole Food Diet used by primary care patients

Purpose To address the low dietary adherence issue in clinical practice, it is important to promote a diet plan that has a broad spectrum of diet options to better match individual patient food preferences, lifestyles, and personal health profiles. Whole Foods Diet (WFD) offers more diet options to patients and guides them on how to make the right diet choices. This preliminary study assessed patients’ adherence to the WFD and summarized the lessons learned.
CONSISTENCY OF SU(N) GAUGE THEORY IN TWO EUCLIDEAN DIMENSIONS

We examine the consistency of an $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ quark-gluon theory in two Euclidean spacetime dimensions. Using Lorentz-invariant quantization surfaces, an axial gauge, the $\frac{1}{N}$ expansion, and the analog of a principal-value infrared cutoff, we solve exactly the Dyson self-dimension equation for a quark with zero bare mass. We thus evade the inconsistency present in the timelike-gauge Minkowski-space approach to the theory.
SNP screening of central MHC-identified HLA-DMB as a candidate susceptibility gene for HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6p21.3 is suspected to host susceptibility loci for HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV-KS). A nested case–control study in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was designed to conduct fine genetic association mapping across central MHC. Individuals co-infected with HIV-1 and human herpes virus-8 who later developed KS were defined as cases (n=354) and were matched 1:1 with co-infected KS-free controls. We report data for new independent MHC class II and III susceptibility loci. In particular, class II HLA-DMB emerged as a strong candidate, with the intronic variant rs6902982 A>G associated with a fourfold increase of risk (odds ratio (OR)=4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.90–8.80; P=0.0003). A striking multiplicative effect on the estimated risk was associated with further carriage of two non-synonymous variants, rs1800453 A>G (Asp697Gly) and rs4148880 A>G (Ile393Val), in the linked TAP1 gene (OR=10.5; 95% CI=2.54–43.6; P=0.0012). The class III susceptibility variant is moderately associated with HIV-KS and lies within a 120-kb-long haplotype (OR=1.52; 95% CI=1.01–2.28; P=0.047) formed by rs7029 A>G (GPANK1 3′ untranslated region), rs1065356 G>A (LY6G6C), rs3749953 A>G (MSH5-SAPCD1 read through) and rs707926 G>A (VARS). Our data suggest that antigen processing by MHC class II molecules is a target pathway in the pathogenesis of HIV-KS.
PHOTODESORPTION OF SOLID CO2 BY LYα

We measured desorption of atoms and molecules from films of solid carbon dioxide in an ultrahigh vacuum from 6 to 60 K under irradiation with Lyα (121.6 nm, 10.2 eV) photons, an important process in the balance between gas phase and condensed molecules in the interstellar medium. The measurements use microgravimetry and mass spectrometry during irradiation and temperature programmed desorption after irradiation. At low photon fluences, the desorption flux consists mainly of O atoms and, after ∼10 17 photons cm −2 , it is dominated by CO with smaller amount of O2, C, and CO2, with the presence of O2 indicating solid-state chemical reactions. At high fluences (up to 10 18 photons cm −2 ), the desorption yields saturate at values much higher than in previous studies. The yields (molecules/photon), derived assuming stoichiometric desorption, reach 0.014 at 6 K, growing to ∼0.2 at 50 and 60 K. Warming the films during irradiation gives rise to pressure spikes that suggest desorption of trapped species in pores or at defects, possibly assisted by radical-induced reactions. Such an effect could be significant for radiation-processed CO2-coated interstellar grains that are heated by, i.e., cosmic ray impacts or grain‐grain collisions. We discuss the experiments considering photochemical mechanisms and compare them to the results of ion irradiation.
Association of apoptosis with the inhibition of extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase activity in the tumor necrosis factor α‐resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line UCI 101

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) can function as both an autocrine and a paracrine growth factor and may therefore play a role in ovarian tumor progression. TNF alpha initiates multiple cellular responses, many of which are mediated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, which transduce signals from the TNF alpha receptors through the cytoplasm to the nucleus, resulting in regulation of gene expression. We examined the role of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 in the cellular growth response to TNF alpha in the ovarian carcinoma cell line UCI 101. JNK1 activity was increased to a maximum level ninefold above the basal level after 10-20 min of treatment with 10 ng/mL TNF alpha. A maximum threefold induction of ERK1/2 activity was observed after 1 min of treatment. At concentrations up to 100 ng/mL, TNF alpha had neither a stimulatory nor an inhibitory effect on growth of UCI 101 cells. However, inhibition of TNF alpha-induced ERK1/2 activity by the MAP/ERK kinase 1 inhibitor PD 98059 resulted in 60% inhibition of cell growth in TNF alpha-treated UCI 101 cells. This decrease in cell growth was accompanied by apoptosis, as demonstrated by the presence of a 180-bp DNA ladder. Thus, the inhibition of TNF alpha-induced ERK1/2 activity was associated with induction of apoptosis in the TNF alpha-resistant cell line UCI 101. Inhibition of TNF alpha-induced ERK1/2 activity was accompanied by a subsequent transient increase in TNF alpha-induced JNK1 activity. The significance of this increase with respect to apoptosis induction remains to be determined. These findings demonstrated that ERK1/2 activity can modulate cellular sensitivity to TNF alpha and suggested that the balance between the levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1 activation may be critical in the cellular growth response to TNF alpha.
Does heterochromatin protein 1 always follow code

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a conserved chromosomal protein that participates in chromatin packaging and gene silencing. A loss of HP1 leads to lethality in Drosophila and correlates with metastasis in human breast cancer cells. On Drosophila polytene chromosomes HP1 is localized to centric regions, telomeric regions, in a banded pattern along the fourth chromosome, and at many sites scattered throughout the euchromatic arms. Recently, one mechanism of HP1 chromosome association was revealed; the amino-terminal chromo domain of HP1 interacts with methylated lysine nine of histone H3, consistent with the histone code hypothesis. Compelling data support this mechanism of HP1 association at centric regions. Is this the only mechanism by which HP1 associates with chromosomes? Interest is now shifting toward the role of HP1 within euchromatic domains. Accumulating evidence in Drosophila and mammals suggests that HP1 associates with chromosomes through interactions with nonhistone chromosomal proteins at locations other than centric heterochromatin. Does HP1 play a similar role in chromatin packaging and gene regulation at these sites as it does in centric heterochromatin? Does HP1 associate with the same proteins at these sites as it does in centric heterochromatin? A first step toward answering these questions is the identification of sequences associated with HP1 within euchromatic domains. Such sequences are likely to include HP1 “target genes” whose discovery will aid in our understanding of HP1 lethality in Drosophila and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
Developmental expression of drop-dead is required for early adult survival and normal body mass in Drosophila melanogaster

In Drosophila melanogaster, mutations in the gene drop-dead (drd) result in early adult lethality, with flies dying within 2 weeks of eclosion. Additional phenotypes include neurodegeneration, tracheal defects, starvation, reduced body mass, and female sterility. The cause of early lethality and the function of the drd protein remain unknown. In the current study, the temporal profiles of drd expression required for adult survival and body mass regulation were investigated. Knockdown of drd expression by UAS-RNAi transgenes and rescue of drd expression on a drd mutant background by a UAS-drd transgene were controlled with the Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70)-Gal4 driver. Flies were heat-shocked at different stages of their lifecycle, and the survival and body mass of the resulting adult flies were assayed. Surprisingly, the adult lethal phenotype did not depend upon drd expression in the adult. Rather, expression of drd during the second half of metamorphosis was both necessary and sufficient to prevent rapid adult mortality. In contrast, the attainment of normal adult body mass required a different temporal pattern of drd expression. In this case, manipulation of drd expression solely during larval development or metamorphosis had no effect on body mass, while knockdown or rescue of drd expression during all of pre-adult (embryonic, larval, and pupal) development did significantly alter body mass. Together, these results indicate that the adult-lethal gene drd is required only during development. Furthermore, the mutant phenotypes of body mass and lifespan are separable phenotypes arising from an absence of drd expression at different developmental stages.
Association cortex potentials and reaction time in auditory discrimination.

Abstract Averaged evoked responses to auditory stimuli were obtained in simple reaction time and vigilance tasks, as well as a no response control condition. The P2 component of sensory evoked potentials had essentially identical peak latency for the various experimental conditions. By contrast, the P3 component of association cortex potentials was found to be about 100 msec longer in latency for vigilance than for simple reaction time, and to be significantly longer in latency for a harder compared to an easier discrimination in the vigilance task. These changes in P3 latency were accompanied by comparable alterations in mean reaction time. In the vigilance conditions, single trial EEG recordings were scored for peak latency of P3 for each signal. Significant product-moment correlations were obtained between the single trial P3 and reaction time values. The results were interpreted to reflect different functional roles of sensory evoked potentials and association cortex potentials.
Thermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning.

Abstract One–19 day old rat pups were placed individually in a thermal gradient (floor temperatures 17–45°C) at either 45°, 30°, or 20°C. From the first day of life, pups placed at 45° or 30°C and given sufficient time (up to 2 hrs) oriented and moved along the gradient to an area of moderate temperatures (35°–40°C). The pups regulated their body temperatures by remaining in appropriate positions in the gradient. Most pups under a week old were immobilized when placed in the cold area. During the next two weeks, pups placed at 20°C moved up the gradient to the 35°–40°C area. Response latency was related to both starting temperature and age. Observations of the pups' behavior in different temperatures are discussed.
Autopsy study of leukemia in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima-Nagasaki, 1949-1969.

Four hundred and seventy-four leukemia autopsies collected from 1949 to the end of 1969 at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were studied in relation to dose of radiation at the time of bombing (ATB) using tentative 1965 dose estimates. The leukemia rate was based on autopsy cases belonging to the fixed Life Span Study (LSS) sample and was examined by dose for the period October 1950 to December 1969. There were 61 leukemia cases in 3,959 autopsy cases in this sample. The rate increased by dose, especially in those exposed to more than 100 rads for both 1950–1960 and 1961–1969, even though the autopsy rates differed between these two periods. The pathologic findings were compared by dose for 361 leukemia cases who were born before the bomb including the 61 patients in the LSS sample. Pathologically, no individual leukemia autopsy could be differentiated and designated as being radiation-induced in this study. No case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was detected among cases receiving 1 rad or more. No statistically significant difference related to radiation dose was found in acute leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia for various pathologic changes, except for the less intense infiltration of leukemic cells in the lungs of chronic granulocytic leukemia patients.
Correlates of Eidetic Imagery in Africa

(1970). Correlates of Eidetic Imagery in Africa. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 223-230.
Catalytic oxidation of natural gas over supported platinum: Flow reactor experiments and detailed numberical modeling

Noble metal (platinum or palladiuni) combustion catalysts have demonstrated low NO2 (nitrogen oxides, consisting of both NO and NO2) emissions in natural-gas-fired turbines. The catalyst permits low temperature combustion below the traditional lean limit. Due to the combined proceses of diffusion and (unknown) surface reaction, the catalyst is typically modeled as a “black box,” often described by a global reaction rate expression. While this approach has been useful for proof-of-concept studies, we expect practical applications to emerge from a greater understanding of the details of the catalytic combustion process. We have constructed a detailed numerical model of the catalytic combustion process based on the wellaccepted CHEMKIN chemical kinetics formalism for detailed gas-phase and surface chemistry. Results from an experimental combustor support the model development. We present measured and modeled axial profiles of fuel conversion for natural-gas combustion over platinum catalysts supported on ceramic honeycomb monoliths, NO emissions are below 1 ppm, and CO is observed at ppm levels. The data are taken at several lean equivalence ratios and flow rates, at atmospheric pressure. Fuedl conveersion rates occur in tworegines: a low, constant conversion rate and a higher conversion rate that inereases linearly with equivalence ratio. Both conversion rates are consistent with kinetically limited processes. The jump from kinetic to mass-diffusion limitation, predicted by most accepted theories of catalytic combustion, is not observed. The agreement of the numerical model with the measured data is good at temperatures below 900 K: above this temperature. the predicted fuel conversion is as much as a factor of 2 lower than the measurements. Carbon monoxide is overpredicted by 2-3 ppm for 0.34. Results from the numerical model indicate that fuel conversion rate has a linear dependence on the fraction of available surface reaction sites.
Who Has Advanced Heart Failure? Definition and Epidemiology

Summarizing current guidelines and advanced heart failure (AHF) clinical trials/registries, this review focuses on the current definition of AHF and emphasizes the secular trends in this definition over the last two decades. Further, clinical, imaging, hemodynamic, functional capacity and biomarker parameters that may aid clinicians to better recognize patients with AHF are reviewed. Finally, we review the limited data concerning the epidemiology of AHF which to date has been poorly characterized.
THE ROST INVARIANT HAS TRIVIAL KERNEL FOR QUASI-SPLIT GROUPS OF LOW RANK

For G a simple simply connected algebraic group defined over a field F, Rost has shown that there exists a canonical map $ R_G : H^1(F, G) \rightarrow H^3(F, \mathbb{Q} / \mathbb{Z}(2)) $ . This includes the Arason invariant for quadratic forms and Rost's mod 3 invariant for exceptional Jordan algebras as special cases. We show that R G has trivial kernel if G is quasi-split of type E 6 or E 7. A case-by-case analysis shows that it has trivial kernel whenever G is quasi-split of low rank.
Person–Organization Fit and the Theory of Work Adjustment: Implications for Satisfaction, Tenure, and Career Success

Abstract The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) posits a relation between person–environment fit and job satisfaction and tenure. However, typical studies of fit have relied on occupational environments or general organizational descriptions. The present study extends the TWA by examining person–environment fit in organizational settings that are described with a greater level of specificity than has typically been the case. Moreover, although the TWA indicates that work rewards play a moderating role in determining job satisfaction, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that person–organization fit may have a direct influence on extrinsic measures of career success such as salary and job level attained. Therefore, in addition to testing several tenets of the TWA, the present study provides a preliminary examination of the relation between person–organization fit and career success. Results provide additional support for the efficacy of the TWA.
FLEXIBLE POUCH PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PASTEURIZED-REFRIGERATED MANGO SLICES

A continuous pasteurized-refrigerated process was developed for mango slices in aluminum laminate and transparent boil in bag pouches (17 × 15 × 2.5 cm) and compared to slices in 1/2 pint jars. The effect of pack composition, geometry, and process time at 98°C upon enzyme and microbial activity was determined. A 24-wk storage study monitored by periodic instrumental and sensory evaluations indicated better quality retention at 2 and 10°C than at 20°C. Product packed in aluminum laminate pouches or glass jars stored better than slices in transparent pouches. The retortable pouch served well even at abuse temperature, whereas the boil-in-bag has only short term (< 5 months) refrigerated storage capability.
Laser-Induced Atomic Chlorine Etching of Silicon

UV laser photolysis of chlorine (λ = 350-360 nm) has been used to produce a microscopic atomic chlorine source. Crystalline silicon has been etched and deep, through-wafer vias have been fabricated. The etching process has been modeled and both theoretical and experimental results are given.
Micromechanics of Hydrate Dissociation in Marine Sediments by Grain-Scale Simulations

We seek to quantify the impact of hydrate dissociation on the strength of hydrate-bearing sediments. Dissociation of gas-hydrates in marine sediments converts the solid hydrate structure into liquid water and gas. Together with the associated pore pressure increase, this process reduces the stiffness of the sediments, which may fracture or be fluidized. If sediment failure occurs, seafloor subsidence and landslides can severely damage offshore infrastructure. To evaluate the mechanical properties of a sediment sample, we simulate loading of a disordered pack of spherical grains by incremental displacements of its boundaries. The deformation is described as a sequence of equilibrium configurations. Each configuration is characterized by a minimum of the total potential energy. This minimum is computed using a modification of the conjugate gradient algorithm. We verify our model against published data from experiments on glass beads. Our simulations capture the nonlinear, path-dependent behavior of granular materials observed in experiments. Hydrates are modeled as load-bearing solid particles within the pores. To simulate the consequences of dissociation, we reduce the solid fraction by shrinking the hydrate grains. The effect of the associated excess pore pressure is modeled by isotropic compression of the solid grains, and reduction in macroscopic effective stress. Weakening of the sediment is quantified as a reduction of the effective elastic moduli.
Implementation of an Evidence-Based Depression Care Management Program (PEARLS): Perspectives From Staff and Former Clients

Introduction Although researchers develop evidence-based programs for public health practice, rates of adoption and implementation are often low. This qualitative study aimed to better understand implementation of the Program to Encourage Active, Rewarding Lives for Seniors (PEARLS), a depression care management program at a Seattle-King County area agency on aging.
Solution of the hydrodynamic device model using high-order nonoscillatory shock capturing algorithms

Simulation results for the hydrodynamic model are presented for an n/sup +/-n-n/sup +/ diode by use of shock-capturing numerical algorithms applied to the transient model with subsequent passage to the steady state. The numerical method is first order in time, but of high spatial order in regions of smoothness. Implementation typically requires a few thousand time steps. These algorithms, termed essentially nonoscillatory, have been successfully applied in other contexts to model the flow in gas dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and other physical situations involving the conservation laws of fluid mechanics. The presented semiconductor simulations reveal temporal and spatial velocity overshot, as well as overshoot relative to an electric field induced by the Poisson equation. Shocks are observed in the transient simulations for certain low-temperature parameter regimes. >
EXAFS studies of catalytic DNA sensors for mercury contamination of water

Abstract Monitoring of metallic contaminants in domestic and agricultural water systems requires technology that is fast, flexible, sensitive, and selective. Recently, metal sensors based on catalytic DNA have been demonstrated as a practical monitoring solution. Very little is known, however, about the atomic scale interactions between the DNA-based sensors and the metal contaminant to which the sensor is targeted. Here, we present the results of an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of a mercury sensor which illustrates the nature of the Hg–DNA interaction.
Probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis by modulating enterocyte genes that regulate innate immune-mediated inflammation

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an extensive intestinal inflammatory disease of premature infants, is caused, in part, by an excessive inflammatory response to initial bacterial colonization due to the immature expression of innate immune response genes. In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, supplementation of very low birth weight infants with probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of NEC. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether secreted products of these two clinically effective probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, prevented NEC by accelerating the maturation of intestinal innate immune response genes and whether both strains are required for this effect. After exposure to probiotic conditioned media (PCM), immature human enterocytes, immature human intestinal xenografts, and primary enterocyte cultures of NEC tissue (NEC-IEC) were assayed for an IL-8 and IL-6 response to inflammatory stimuli. The latter two models were also assayed for innate immune response gene expression. In the immature xenograft, PCM exposure significantly attenuated LPS and IL-1β-induced IL-8 and IL-6 expression, decreased TLR2 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA, and increased mRNA levels of specific negative regulators of inflammation, SIGIRR and Tollip. In NEC-IEC, PCM decreased TLR2-dependent IL-8 and IL-6 induction and increased SIGIRR and Tollip expression. The attenuated inflammatory response with PCM was reversed with Tollip siRNA-mediated knockdown. The anti-inflammatory secreted factor is a 5- to 10-kDa molecule resistant to DNase, RNase, protease, heat stress, and acid exposure. B. infantis-conditioned media showed superior anti-inflammatory properties to that of L. acidophilus in immature human enterocytes, suggesting a strain specificity to this effect. We conclude that PCM promotes maturation of innate immune response gene expression, potentially explaining the protective effects of probiotics in clinical NEC.
An achievable rate region for the broadcast channel

Let p(y_1, y_2 \mid x) denote a discrete memoryless channel with a single source X and two independent receivers Y_1 and Y_2 . We exhibit an achievable region of rates (R_{11},R_{12},R_{22}) at which independent information can be sent, respectively, to receiver 1, to both receivers 1 and 2, and to receiver 2. The achievability of the region is shown by using a version of the asymptotic equipartition property involving many simultaneous "typicality" constraints. These results immediately generalize to yield an achievable rate region for the m -sender n -receiver channel in terms of standard mutual information quantities.
Basic and Applied Concepts of Immunohematology

FOUNDATIONS: BASIC SCIENCES AND REAGENTS Chapter 1: Immunology Chapter 2: Genetic Principles of Blood Banking Chapter 3: Overview of Blood Banking Reagents OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR BLOOD GROUPS Chapter 4: The ABO and H Blood Group Systems Chapter 5: The Rh Blood Group System Chapter 6: Other Blood Group Systems ESSENTIALS OF PRETRANSFUSION TESTING Chapter 7: Principles of Antibody Detection and Identification Chapter 8: Compatibility Testing BLOOD COLLECTION, TESTING, AND COMPONENTS Chapter 9: Donor Selection Chapter 10: Donor Testing Chapter 11: Component Preparation and Therapy CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY Chapter 12: Adverse Complications of Blood Transfusion Chapter 13: Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn Chapter 14: Red Blood Cell Transfusion Therapy Issues QUALITY AND SAFETY ISSUES Chapter 15: Quality Assurance and Regulations Chapter 16: Safety Issues in the Blood Bank
Field test data on small strongyles in evaluation of activity of fenbendazole given once a day for 5 consecutive days to thoroughbred yearlings on two farms in Kentucky in 2002 and 2003

Fenbendazole (FBZ) suspension was administered intraorally at the dose rate of 7.0–10.3 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days to 58 thoroughbred yearlings on two farms in central Kentucky in April, 2002. The average dose rates of drug given to groups of colts and fillies on each farm were 7.8–8.5 mg/kg. Only 3 of the yearlings had negative counts of strongyle eggs per gram of feces (EPGs) after treatment which was at 8.4, 8.7, or 9.4 mg/kg; the pretreatment EPG counts were low (10–30). Reduction of EPG values at the highest dose rates was 0% (at 9.5 mg/kg) and 78% (at 10.3 mg/kg). This study was repeated in April, 2003 in 38 thoroughbred yearlings on one of the two same farms used in the 2002 research, but all horses were treated at the same dose rate (10 mg/kg) of FBZ paste once daily for 5 consecutive days. Only 1 of these yearlings had a negative EPG count after treatment, but this value was also negative before treatment. Reductions of EPG counts after treatment ranged from 0% to 85% (mean =22%) for the colts and from 0 to 63% (mean =14%) for the fillies. Examination of cultures of fecal samples from these yearlings revealed that only small strongyle larvae were present. There was obvious FBZ-resistance of the small strongyles in yearlings on both farms at the dose rates used.
AN EVALUATION OF VARIOUS RESPONSE CRITERIA IN ASSESSING BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS FOR BROILERS

The relative bioavailability of P from seven sources was determined in relation to a standard dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O) in a 21-d assay involving 1,320 broiler male chicks using several response criteria. The seven sources (Lucaphos-48, Lucaphos-40, Rukana, Cefkaphos-N, phosphoric acid, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, or Biophos) were added to the basal diet (.40% total P and 1.10% Ca) at levels to supply .05, .08, .12, .17, .23, and .32% P. Two additional levels (.44 and .66%) of P from dicalcium phosphate dihydrate were included for the standards. The criteria selected to evaluate included tibia ash, tibia specific gravity, tibia shear force, toe shear force, and metatarsal shear force. Other criteria: weight, length, diameter, and volume of tibia; weight, volume, and specific gravity of metatarsus; and weight, volume, and specific gravity of toe were not selected because their response to increasing P levels were inconsistent and quite variable. Nonlinear (asymptotic and sigmoidal) regression equations were fitted to the data than linear equations. The ratios of regression coefficients were used to determine the bioavailability of various test phosphates relative to the reference standard. The results indicated that the response criteria used for the determination will considerably influence the relative bioavailability estimates of a P source. Body weight gain and toe ash percentage were found to be an equally or a more sensitive criteria for assessment of P availability than tibia ash. Tibia specific gravity, tibia shear force, toe shear force, and metatarsal shear force were of limited value as response criteria in P bioavailability assays based on standard error and difference required for significance.
High Quality, Efficient Hierarchical Document Clustering Using Closed Interesting Itemsets

High dimensionality remains a significant challenge for document clustering. Recent approaches used frequent itemsets and closed frequent itemsets to reduce dimensionality, and to improve the efficiency of hierarchical document clustering. In this paper, we introduce the notion of "closed interesting" itemsets (i.e. closed itemsets with high interestingness). We provide heuristics such as "super item" to efficiently mine these itemsets and show that they provide significant dimensionality reduction over closed frequent itemsets. Using "closed interesting" itemsets, we propose a new, sub-linearly scalable, hierarchical document clustering method that outperforms state of the art agglomerative, partitioning and frequent-itemset based methods both in terms of clustering quality and runtime performance, without requiring dataset specific parameter tuning. We evaluate twenty interestingness measures and show that when used to generate "closed interesting" itemsets, and to select parent nodes, Mutual Information, Added Value, Yule?s Q and Chi- Square offer best clustering performance.
Uncovering Clinical Knowledge in Expert Psychiatric Nursing Practice

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric nursing has been referred to as a specialty area of nursing that is fading away because of the failure of its members to develop a theoretical base for practice. Benner (1984) maintained there is knowledge embedded in expert practice that can be usedfor theory development.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this interpretive study was to uncover clinical knowledge embedded in the paradigm cases of expert psychiatric nurses.STUDY DESIGN: Heideggerian bermeneutics was the method that guided the study. Analysis of data was based on the seven-stage process described in Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner (1989).RESULTS: Three relational themes, Uncovering Dangerousness in Psychiatric Nursing Practice, Acknowledging and Marking the Boundaries, and Reflection on Practice, emergedfrom the data. The major finding of the study was the constitutive pattern, the Primacy of the Nurse-Patient Relationship in Psychiatric Nursing Practice.CONCLUSIONS: Embedded in the paradigm cases in this study were descriptio...
Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Liquid Crystalline Droplet with Fast Multipole Implementations

The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) offers an efficient way (order O(N)) to handle long range electrostatic interactions, thus enabling more realistic molecular dynamics simulations of large molecular systems. The performance of the fast molecular dynamics (FMD) code, a parallel MD code being developed in the group, using the three-dimensional fast multipole method, shows a good speedup. The application to the full atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulation of a liquid crystalline droplet of 4-n-pentyl-4{prime}-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) molecules, of size 35,872 atoms, shows strong surface effects on various orientational order parameters.
Chlamydomonas: the cell and its genomes.

GREAT strides in understanding fundamental processes in eukaryotic cells have come from genetic studies on budding and fission yeasts and other fungi. The exquisite experimental tools developed for use with these systems have made them the undisputed first choice for studying a variety of metabolic
Scientific Inference and Ordinary Cognition: Fodor on Holism and Cognitive Architecture

Do accounts of scientific theory formation and revision have implications for theories of everyday cognition? We maintain that failing to distinguish between importantly different types of theories of scientific inference has led to fundamental misunderstandings of the relationship between science and everyday cognition. In this article, we focus on one influential manifestation of this phenomenon which is found in Fodor's well-known critique of theories of cognitive architecture. We argue that in developing his critique, Fodor confounds a variety of distinct claims about the holistic nature of scientific inference. Having done so, we outline more promising relations that hold between theories of scientific inference and ordinary cognition.
Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss

The 24-h oral LD50 of methyl parathion (phosphorothioic acid O, O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester) to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) (372 mg/kg) was 8.5 times the LD50 for mice (Mus musculus) (44 mg/kg). However, orally dosed mice either died or appeared behaviorally normal after 2 to 3 h, whereas many dosed bats, although alive at 24 h, could not right themselves when placed on their backs. The oral dose estimated to cause this loss of coordination in 50% of a sample of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) was one-third or less the LD50 of this species. Cholinesterase activity depression in brains of little brown bats was similar whether dosage was oral or dermal. With death as the criterion, bats proved relatively insensitive to methyl parathion in 24-h tests, but considerations of the chemical's potential to cause coordination loss, leading to capture and death by predators, coupled with bats' naturally low reproductive rates, suggest possible injury to exposed bat populations.
The National Park Service's Exotic Plant Management Teams in the Southeast and Caribbean

Abstract The National Park Service (NPS) established Exotic Plant Management Teams (EPMT) in 2000 to provide a “first response” program for dealing with exotic plant invasions in the National Parks. Three teams work at NPS units in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean, with a total of 16 operating in the nation. These three EPMTs serve 37 park units that cover a total of 1.5 million hectares. The EPMTs augment existing exotic plant control efforts with inventory and monitoring, control, education, and research.