cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the impact of electric vehicle charging on heat transfer around underground cables

Abstract While increased use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has environmental and economic benefits, the increased load is expected to strain components of the power delivery infrastructure. Within electric distribution systems, overloading of transformers and underground cables and associated thermal degradation is of particular concern. The current paper estimates the effect of different levels and types of PEV charging on transient heating of underground cables. Transportation survey data is used to estimate travel miles and arrival/departure times for a typical residential neighborhood, which is subsequently used to estimate the electric load curve with different levels of PEV penetration. The estimated load curves are used to perform transient heat transfer computations for a system of three buried cables using an overset grid finite-difference approach, the results of which are used to estimate acceleration of cable thermal degradation. Vehicle charging, even for a modest 30% PEV penetration, is found to nearly double peak temperature rise above ambient at the cable surface, increase the daily variance in cable temperatures, and significantly decrease the estimated time to failure for cables with thermally sensitive insulation.
Determination of Sodium Tolyltriazole and Sodium Mercaptobenzothiazole in Engine Coolants

Abstract A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to quantitatively determine the corrosion inhibitors sodium tolyltriazole and sodium mercaptobenzothiazole in fresh and used ethylene glycol-based engine coolant formulations. Aliquots of coolant, diluted with water and methanol, are analyzed directly. Approximately one-half hour is required to determine both inhibitors with relative standard deviations of about 4%.
Quantitative Evaluation of Manicurists Exposure to Methyl, Ethyl and Isobutyl Methacrylate During Production of Synthetic Fingernails

Abstract Manicurist exposure to methyl, ethyl, and isobutyl methacrylate during preparation of artificial fingernails was measured. The 8-hour time-weighted average exposures were 5.3, 7.3, and 1.6 ppm, respectively. The exposures measured during actual intermediate use of the methacrylates were 20.3, 13.4, and 6.2 ppm, respectively. Anecdotal information from manicurists revealed complaints of headache, nausea, respiratory distress, and loss of appetite at these levels. Froines, J.R.; Garabrant, D.H.: Quantitative evaluation of manicurists exposure to methyl, ethyl and isobutyl methacrylate during production of synthetic fingernails.
Bounds on variances of estimators for multinomial processing tree models

Abstract When there are order constraints among the parameters of a binary, multinomial processing tree (MPT) model, methods have been developed for reparameterizing the constrained MPT into an equivalent unconstrained MPT. This note provides a theorem that is useful in computing bounds on the estimator variances for the parameters of the constrained model in terms of estimator variances of the parameters of the unconstrained model. In particular, we show that if X and Y are random variables taking values in [0,1], then Var[XY]⩽2(Var[X]+Var[Y]).
The Inevitability of Conflict and The Importance of its Resolution in Christian Higher Education

Among Christian adherents, the subject of conflict and its proper resolution has been a source of misunderstanding and angst for centuries. New Testament admonitions concerning the proper Christian life have traditionally focused on passivism and have been interpreted broadly by Christendom to require avoidance of all conflict as a virtue. The argument can be made that the acknowledgement of and proper action toward conflict of all types within Christian institutions of higher learning in the past several decades has led to a polarization and identity shift. This phenomenon has been based upon Christian misunderstanding of conflict in general and, specifically, the proper approach of Christendom to conflict and its proper resolution. Christians, necessarily a part of Christian institutions, have treated conflict as something to avoid—an approach that has led to their detriment both individually and corporately. This work seeks to formulate a framework for better understanding of conflict. Equally it seeks...
Energy-balancing task allocation on wireless sensor networks for extending the lifetime

Extending the wireless sensor network's lifetime has been the aim of several research efforts. Distributed in-network processing arises as a viable solution to extend the network's lifetime. It avoids assigning heavy computations to a single node which might otherwise lead to its significant energy depletion. Task scheduling and allocation play a major role in the efficiency of the distribution. This work proposes EBSEL, an energy-balancing task scheduling and allocation heuristic whose main purpose is to extend the network's lifetime, through energy balancing. Balancing the energy consumption among the nodes can help avoid the disintegration of the network where some nodes die unnecessarily, while others still have high energy reserve. EBSEL was extensively simulated on random task graphs and on a task graph of a real-world application. Compared to related work, EBSEL achieved more than 50% increase in lifetime and up to 5% energy savings per iteration.
Complexation precedes phosphorylation for two-component regulatory system FixL/FixJ of Sinorhizobium meliloti.

The FixL/FixJ two-component regulatory system of Sinorhizobium meliloti controls the expression of nitrogen fixation genes in response to O2. When phosphorylated, the transcription factor FixJ binds to the nifA and fixK promoters in S. meliloti and induces expression of the corresponding genes, both of which encode key transcription activators. Phosphorylation of FixJ has been proposed to occur via the following cascade. The sensor kinase FixL reacts with ATP independently of FixJ, transferring a phosphoryl group to one of its own histidine residues. Dissociation of O2 from a heme-binding PAS domain in FixL greatly accelerates the rate of this autophosphorylation. The phosphoryl group is rapidly transferred from phospho-FixL to an aspartate residue on FixJ. The resulting phospho-FixJ is short-lived, due to a FixL-catalyzed hydrolysis of the aspartyl phosphate. Here, we show that phosphorylation of FixLJ, i.e. the complex of FixL with FixJ, is at least tenfold faster than the phosphorylation of FixL without FixJ. We further show that a phospho-FixJ phosphatase, thought to reside in FixL, is absent from this complex. These results indicate that FixLJ reacts with ATP as a unit and much more efficiently than FixL alone, and that autophosphorylation and phosphoryl transfer do not occur independently, in sequence, but rather in a closely coupled processive reaction. These findings highlight the possible influence of synergistic interactions of the regulatory components in two-component-system signal transduction.
Esters of meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid as cadmium-mobilizing agents.

The dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-propyl, diisopropyl (Di-PDMS), and di-n-butyl esters of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid were prepared by esterification of the parent acid and were subsequently purified and characterized. Their relative ability to mobilize cadmium from its aged (greater than 30 days) deposits was evaluated in mice in comparison with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL). All but the dimethyl ester were superior to BAL in reducing the hepatic cadmium levels, though none was superior in reducing renal cadmium levels. Their efficacy in reducing hepatic cadmium levels had the result that all except the dimethyl ester were significantly more effective than BAL in reducing total cadmium body burdens in mice. The most effective of these compounds, Di-PDMS, caused a reduction of whole body cadmium of 59% (i.e., to 41% of control values) under conditions where the corresponding reduction found for BAL was only 18% (i.e., to 82% of control value). The predominant route of excretion of cadmium subsequent to administration of these compounds is via the fecal route (greater than 99%). A synergistic effect was found in the reduction of whole body and kidney cadmium burdens when Di-PDMS was used in combination with trisodium calcium diethylenethriaminepentaacetate.
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Regulates Normal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in a Developmental-Stage-Specific Manner

Recent studies point to a pivotal role of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in stem cell function and cancer. Loss-of-function approaches targeting individual PRC2 subunits have, however, generated findings that are difficult to reconcile. Here, we prevent assembly of both Ezh1- and Ezh2-containing PRC2 complexes by conditional deletion of Eed, a core subunit, and assess hematopoiesis. We find that deletion of Eed exhausts adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), although fetal liver HSCs are produced in normal numbers. Eed-null neonatal HSCs express HSC signature genes but are defective in maintenance and differentiation. Comparative gene expression profiling revealed that neonatal and adult HSCs lacking Eed upregulated gene sets of conflicting pathways. Deletion of Cdkn2a, a PRC2 target gene, in Eed-null mice enhances hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) survival but fails to restore HSC functions. Taken together, our findings define developmental-stage-specific requirements for canonical PRC2 complexes in normal HSC function.
Low temperature specific heat anomalies and spin-spin interactions in soft carbons and in neutron irradiated polycrystalline graphite

Abstract In continuation of previous studies of the specific heat of carbons and graphite in the He 4 and He 3 temperature range (0.4–4.5°K) work was extended down to 0.07°K using a dilution refrigerator at the NASA Lewis Center in Cleveland. The presence of a second specific heat peak at around 0.3°K was ascertained and its relation to the first one at around 0.65°K was studied in dependence on heat treatment, neutron irradiation and post irradiation anneal. Both peaks, as well as the linear component, seem to be due to the presence of localized spin centers, interacting in an antiferromagnetic manner. A general explanation of the relationships observed is suggested.
On the ensemble variance of reverberation room transmission functions, the effect of spectral rigidity

Abstract The modal statistics of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of large random symmetric matrices are applied to reverberation room acoustics. These statistics are found to predict spectral fluctuations which are weaker than those predicted by the assumption of modal independence and are also in better agreement with observations.
A biometrics-based secure architecture for mobile computing

Mobile computing devices such as smartphones, tablets and wireless enabled laptops are getting widely popular and being frequently used to access information in secure networks through third party providers. With the increasing number of intrusion, device and identity theft incidents, improved security measures are becoming essential for accessing devices as well as various mobile applications. In this paper, a novel security architecture has been proposed for mobile computing platform which utilizes biometric signatures to authenticate users against large databases. Identifying correct biometric credentials in mobile devices can be a challenging task as there are no biometric input devices available with these systems. The task of scanning biometric signatures can be performed via device camera and microphone. The primary challenge is to precisely collect the biometric signatures and minimize the effects of noise, intra class variations, surrounding environment and high error rate when comparing against millions of similar signatures. A multimodal verification scheme applying face, hand geometry, fingerprint and other biometric signatures which can be scanned through mobile devices will increase the reliability of the system. The next challenge this architecture will address is the size of biometric signature and verification data that is sent for comparison. A fusion of multiple signatures can be performed by applying segmented data in order to increase the verification speed while maintaining high accuracy. Fusion also protects against spoofing where criminals and predatory users submit false or modified biometric information for verification. As multiple signatures are weighted and compared, false or unmatched signatures can be easily identified and addressed accordingly. In order to protect the information during data transfer and future storage, encryption and other security enhancement techniques are proposed to be integrated. The proposed architecture is expected to provide secure access to only legitimate users of a system within a short period of time and prohibit intruders from gaining any access.
Artificial lighting conditions and melatonin alter motor performance in adult rats.

Abstract Entrained circadian rhythms may modulate many behavioral activities of animals and humans. In the present study, we examined whether lighting conditions and melatonin treatment participate behaviorally in the entrainment of circadian rhythms in the rodent. In experiment one, Sprague–Dawley rats were introduced to the Rotorod test apparatus at nighttime or daytime and either with the lights on (4 lux) or in the dark. During nighttime tests, the exposure of rats to dark or light condition did not alter mean rev./min or length of times spent on the Rotorod. Interestingly, during daytime tests, animals exposed to light condition displayed significantly reduced mean rev./min (7.95±1.68), as well as length of time on the Rotorod (41.07±3.45 s) compared with their performance in the dark condition (mean rev./min, 11.16±1.52; length of time spent on the Rotorod, 66.94±6.15 s). In experiment two, treatment with melatonin (1.5 mg/kg, orally administered at 1 h prior to testing) in animals introduced to the daytime test with exposure to light condition, restored the rev./min (12.90±1.26) and the time spent on the Rotorod (63.21± 2.73 s) to near normal levels. Thus, we demonstrated here that exposure of nocturnal animals to their preferred dark condition and treatment with melatonin could enhance motor coordination.
Codebook‐Based Precoding for SDMA‐OFDMA with Spectrum Sharing

This paper focuses on codebook-based precoding for space-division multiple access/orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (SDMA-OFDMA) systems aiming to guarantee high throughput for their users as well as to mitigate interference to fixed satellite service (FSS). A systematic design of SDMA codebook for subband-based OFDMA is proposed, which forms multiple orthogonal beams with common spatial null in the direction of a victim FSS earth station (ES). The design enables both transmitter and receiver to independently construct identical codebook by sharing only on the direction angle of an FSS ES, which takes fewer overhead bits than Gram-Schmidt process, a general method satisfying our design criterion. A system-level throughput evaluation shows that the proposed precoding provides superior performance over existing spectrum sharing method, that is, subband deactivation. The spectrum sharing analysis shows that the proposed precoding, even with an estimation error of the direction angles of an FSS ES, causes lower interference than existing precoding, knockdown precoding. Keywords: SDMA-OFDMA, precoder codebook, nullsteering, orthogonal beamforming, limited feedback.
Persistent transactivation of EGFR and ErbB2/HER2 by protease-activated receptor-1 promotes breast carcinoma cell invasion

Persistent transactivation of EGFR and ErbB2/HER2 by protease-activated receptor-1 promotes breast carcinoma cell invasion
Biosensors Using Flowers as Catalytic Material

Abstract The ability of flowers and blossoms to convert biochemical substrates into volatile products is utilized for the development of biosensors using such plant tissues as catalytic components. It is shown that both minced and intact tissue portions from carnation and chrysanthemum flowers can be coupled with potentiometric ammonia gas sensing electrodes to prepare sensors for urea and some amino acids with good response properties. Surprisingly different response and selectivity patterns are found among species of flowers and for the structural subelements of a single type of flower.
Dentability and extreme points in Banach spaces

Abstract It is shown that a Banach space E has the Radon-Nikodym property (equivalently, every bounded subset of E is dentable) if and only if every bounded closed convex subset of E is the closed convex hull of its strongly exposed points. Using recent work of Namioka, some analogous results are obtained concerning weak ∗ strongly exposed points of weak ∗ compact convex subsets of certain dual Banach spaces.
Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody activity in hepatitis B virus infection

Groups of institutionalized subjects, volunteer blood donors with serologic evidence of asymptomatic hepatitis B virus infection, and patients with acute type B viral hepatitis were studied for the presence of hepatitis B e antigen and antibody in a sequential manner over a period of two to three years. HBeAg was detected in 9.5% of institutionalized residents and volunteer blood donors and in 24% of patients with acute type B viral hepatitis. HBeAg positive subjects frequently had persistently elevated pyruvic glutamic transaminase levels in the serum. Anti HBe activity was observed in 26 to 32% of subjects positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Long-term follow-up indicated that HBsAg positive subjects with anti HBe did not eventually become seronegative for HBsAg.
Lactate sensitivity in sleeping panic disorder patients and healthy controls

In spite of a series of careful physiological and neuroendocrine studies of sodium lactate-induced panic attacks in Panic Disorder (PD) patients, the mechanism of panic induction remains poorly understood. To further explore this mechanism, we administered sodium lactate infusions to PD patients and normal controls during sleep, taking advantage of the opportunity that sleep provides for closely monitoring shifts in state of arousal. In previous work (Koenigsberg et al 1987) we reported that sodium lactate but not dextrose-saline infusions, administered during stage 3-4 sleep, induced prompt awakenings in panic disorder (PD) patients.
Traveling-wave solutions for a discrete Burgers equation with nonlinear diffusion

We construct a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme for a Burgers type partial differential equation (PDE) for which the diffusion coefficient has a linear dependence on the dependent variable. After a study of this PDE's traveling-wave solutions, we examine the corresponding properties of the NSFD construction. Our work demonstrates the dynamic consistency of the discretization.
Recent research advances on the dynamic analysis of composite shells: 2000-2009

Laminated composite shells are frequently used in various engineering applications in the aerospace, mechanical, marine, and automotive industries. This article follows a previous book and review articles published by the leading author (Qatu, 2004, 2002, 1989, 1992, 1999 [1–5]). It reviews most of the research done in recent years (2000–2009) on the dynamic behavior (including vibration) of composite shells. This review is conducted with emphasis on the type of testing or analysis performed (free vibration, impact, transient, shock, etc.), complicating effects in material (damping, piezoelectric, etc.) and structure (stiffened shells, etc.), and the various shell geometries that are subjected to dynamic research (cylindrical, conical, spherical and others). A general discussion of the various theories (classical, shear deformation, 3D, non-linear etc.) is also given. The main aim of this review article is to collate the research performed in the area of dynamic analyses of composite shells during the last 10 years, thereby giving a broad perspective of the state of art in this field. This review article contains close to 200 references.
Grounding annotations in published literature with an emphasis on the functional roles used in metabolic models

Accurate genome annotations in databases are a critical resource available to the scientific community for analysis and research. Inaccurate and inconsistent annotations exist as a result of errors generated from mass automated annotation, and currently act as a barrier to the application of bioinformatics. The purpose of this effort was to improve the SEED by improving the connection of functional roles to literature references. Direct literature references (DLits), found through searches of PubMed and other online databases such as SwissProt, were attached to protein sequences within the PubSEED to provide literature support for the roughly 2,500 distinct functional roles used to construct metabolic models within the Model SEED. Only DLits in which a researcher asserted the function of a protein were attached to sequences. Starting from a list of 1,072 functional roles that did not previously have DLit support, we were able to connect sequences to literature for 655 functional roles, at least 484 of which were in the original list of unsupported roles. When added to the existing set of sequences having DLits, the resulting set of DLit-sequence pairs (the foundation set) now connects approximately 4,300 DLits to approximately 5,600 distinct protein sequences obtained from approximately 16,000 genes (some of these genes have identical protein sequences). From the foundation set, we construct projection sets such that each set contains one member of the foundation set and projections of its functional role onto similar genes. The projection sets revealed 120 inconsistent annotations within the SEED. Two types of inconsistencies were corrected through manual annotation in the PubSEED: instances in which two identical protein sequences had been annotated with different functions, and instances when projected functions contradicted previous annotations. 26,785 changes to gene function assignment, 219 of which were to previously uncharacterized proteins, resulted in a more consistent and accurate set of input data from which to construct revised metabolic models within the Model SEED.
Intraspecific variation in salt tolerance and morphology in the coastal grass spartina patens (poaceae)

Clones of Spartina patens were collected from 19 locations throughout Gulf coast marshes of Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Following three vegetative generations of de-acclimation from field conditions, genotypes were subjected to a salinity screening protocol in which salinity was increased in weekly increments of 5%o (gram salt/kilogram solution). Plants were harvested when there was 50% death of aboveground tissue, which we defined as the lethal salinity level. The genotypes displayed highly significant intraspecific variation in lethal salinity level, which ranged from 63%o to 93%o. Significant intraspecific variation was also observed in all plant morphological variables, as well as leaf rolling, leaf expansion rates at 2%o and 20%o salinity, aboveground, belowground, and total biomass, and belowground-to-aboveground biomass ratio. An ANOVA of principal component scores from a PCA of lethal salinity level and covariable-adjusted total plant dry mass further illustrated intraspecific variation within this species in these two traits expressed as one principal component. Correlation analysis revealed that intraspecific variation in salt tolerance was not strongly associated with intraspecific variation in plant morphological traits, leaf rolling, or leaf expansion rates.
A Social Psychologist Discovers Chicago Sociology

The article reviews several books including “Men Who Manage,” by M. Dalton, “Men and Their Work,” by E. C. Hughes, and “The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life,” by E. Goffman.
The Role of Commercial Weight-Loss Programs

In this issue, Gudzune and colleagues review evidence on the efficacy of commercial programs that focus on nutrition and incorporate behavioral counseling or social support as components. The edito...
Evidence for two temperature régimes in the slow oxidation of methane

Abstract The kinetics of the slow oxidation of methane have been studied using a technique such that the partial pressures of methane and oxygen—and in many experiments, carbon monoxide as well—were followed throughout the course of the reaction. The dependences of the rate of the disappearance of methane upon the sum of the pressures with or without diluents, upon the injection of formaldehyde into a reacting methaneoxygen mixture, and upon the removal of carbon monoxide from the reaction mixture have been determined directly for the first time. The results of these experiments indicate that: 1. (1) When carbon monoxide accumulates in the slow oxidation of methane at the temperatures used here, it retards the rate of disappearance of methane. When it is removed, the rate of disappearance of methane remains constant throughout 70 to 80 per cent of the reaction indicating that the rate is an apparent zero order reaction. 2. (2) Below the range of about 416° to 430°C, the rate depends only upon the initial pressures of methane and oxygen and is not affected by the total pressure, by diluents, or by the injection of nearly equi-molar amounts of formaldehyde. The rate can be expressed by the relation: − d (CH 4 ) dt =Ae − 30200 RT (CH 4 0 ) 2 (O 2 0 ) 3. (3) Above about 430°C, diluents and formaldehyde accelerate the rate of the reaction. The rate is higher than predicted from the above expression and it appears that an additional branched chain(s) may be developed at these higher temperatures. 4. (4) The present evidence suggests that formaldehyde is not the rate-controlling intermediate at low temperatures but that it may serve as an additional chain branching agent at the higher temperatures.
Examining the impact of relative standing using an ultimatum bargaining game experiment

This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to examine the extent to which a decision-maker's relative standing affects bargaining behaviour. In each session, 14 participants played a series of one-shot ultimatum bargaining games. In one treatment, the participants were made aware of only their own cumulative outcome rank as they started each new game, while in a second treatment both their own rank and the rank of their bargaining partner was known. The results indicate relative standing does affect bargaining behaviour, particularly when the decision-maker knows both his own rank and the rank of the bargaining partner. A primary finding is that the provision of relative standing information can enhance well-being because it promotes the formation of mutually beneficial bargaining agreements.
An Assessment of Proximity of Fitness Facilities and Equipment and Actual Perceived Usage by Undergraduate University Students: A Pilot Study

This pilot study examined the relationship between proximity of fitness facilities and equipment and actual perceived usage by undergraduate students at a Division I university, while acknowledging the role that Social Cognitive Theory plays in fitness. As a pilot study, the primary purpose was to gauge whether the study design and instruments used were appropriate for the overall purpose. Intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, length of physical activity sessions, as well as a variety of other constructs were analyzed through correlational analysis to determine significance. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and the Perceived Environments Related to Physical Activity Questionnaire were modified for data collection. Findings of the pilot study revealed no significance in the proximity of fitness facilities and the amount of physical activity participation. However, the frequency of physical activity was significantly related to the availability of fitness equipment in an individual’s ho...
Sonographic Features of Pectoralis Muscle Necrosis Secondary to Gemcitabine-Induced Radiation Recall Case Report and Review of Current Literature

Radiation recall is defined as an inflammatory reaction within a previously treated radiation field during chemotherapy treatment. 1 Gemcitabine is one of the most common cytotoxic agents implicated in the development of this condition, and for the most part it manifests clinically as a skin reaction (radiation recall dermatitis [RRD]). 2 Radiation recall can however manifest in other tissues such as the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, 3 and rare cases of gemcitabine-induced radiation recall muscle necrosis have been described. 4-7 We present a case of bilateral pectoralis muscle necrosis secondary to radiation recall in a patient treated with gemcitabine in which sonography and computed tomography (CT) provided substantial clinical assistance.
Microarray Expression Analyses of Arabidopsis Guard Cells and Isolation of a Recessive Abscisic Acid Hypersensitive Protein Phosphatase 2C Mutant

Oligomer-based DNA Affymetrix GeneChips representing about one-third of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes were used to profile global gene expression in a single cell type, guard cells, identifying 1309 guard cell–expressed genes. Highly pure preparations of guard cells and mesophyll cells were isolated in the presence of transcription inhibitors that prevented induction of stress-inducible genes during cell isolation procedures. Guard cell expression profiles were compared with those of mesophyll cells, resulting in identification of 64 transcripts expressed preferentially in guard cells. Many large gene families and gene duplications are known to exist in the Arabidopsis genome, giving rise to redundancies that greatly hamper conventional genetic and functional genomic analyses. The presented genomic scale analysis identifies redundant expression of specific isoforms belonging to large gene families at the single cell level, which provides a powerful tool for functional genomic characterization of the many signaling pathways that function in guard cells. Reverse transcription–PCR of 29 genes confirmed the reliability of GeneChip results. Statistical analyses of promoter regions of abscisic acid (ABA)–regulated genes reveal an overrepresented ABA responsive motif, which is the known ABA response element. Interestingly, expression profiling reveals ABA modulation of many known guard cell ABA signaling components at the transcript level. We further identified a highly ABA-induced protein phosphatase 2C transcript, AtP2C-HA, in guard cells. A T-DNA disruption mutation in AtP2C-HA confers ABA-hypersensitive regulation of stomatal closing and seed germination. The presented data provide a basis for cell type–specific genomic scale analyses of gene function.
A model for the evolution of self-fertilization and vegetative reproduction.

Abstract It was shown in a simple model that a gene for selfing will be established in a population if and only if at least one of the selfing genotypes also contributes to random fertilization. The same conclusion is valid for vegetative reproduction and ameiotic parthenogenesis. This connection between selfing and the mating system is consistent with the much greater frequency of uniparental reproduction among plants than animals.
Two-Stage Optimal Control Problem Appearing in the Investment Policy Study for Delivery Lag Environment

Recent studies of optimal investment decisions for firms whose capital goods are subject to a delivery lag have shown the need for a solution for a control problem with a time-delay argument in the objective function. Necessary conditions for such problems are obtained by reducing them to a two-stage optimal control problem under a set of simple assumptions. A special case is also studied where a sufficient condition for non-existence of the switching of stages is derived.
Simultaneous Pressure, Flow and Diameter of the Vena Cava with Fright and Exercise

The diameter, distending pressure and flow in the superior vena cava and aortic flow were recorded simultaneously in unanesthetized dogs. Atrial systole produced a regurgitant flow pulse and an increase in pressure and diameter. Ventricular systole produced a sharp decrease in caval diameter and a large increase in flow. A second flow pulse occurred during ventricular diastole. Inspiration accelerated flow in the cava. During exercise, the caval diameter invariably decreased. Venoconstriction, however, could be unequivocally demonstrated in only 26% of the treadmill runs. In 88% of 33 recorded treadmill runs, the flow in the vena cava increased before the heart rate increased which, in turn, preceded the increase in aortic stroke volume. Frightening the animal produced a prompt decrease in caval diameter and distending pressure; this gave way to increased pressure, but without a corresponding increase in diameter. Epinephrine and norepinephrine produced a sustained increase in distending pressure and an initial decrease and a more sustained increase in diameter. Isoproterenol produced tachycardia and a decrease in distending pressure and diameter. Acetylcholine caused an initial bradycardia which was associated with an increase in diameter and pressure in the vena cava followed quickly by prolonged tachycardia which was associated with a decrease in pressure and diameter.
Secondary IgG responses to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide III. T cell requirement for development of B memory

Mice primed with a thymus-dependent form of Type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3), i.e. S3 coupled to erythrocytes (S3-RBC) produces S3-specific IgG antibody after secondary challenge with S3-RBC. When mice are depleted of T cells by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) at the time of priming, no IgG antibody is produced after secondary challenge. In order to determine the cellular basis for this phenomenon, various combinations of T and/or B cells from ALS-treated or normal primed mice were transferred to irradiated recipients prior to secondary challenge with S3-RBC. The results indicated that T cells were required at the time of priming with S3-RBC in order to (a) prevent the induction of tolerance in S3-specific B cells in mice primed with high doses of S3-RBC, and (b) induced differentiation of IgG-producing B cell precursors to Bgamma memory cells in mice primed with low doses of antigen.
Reliability testing for non-constant MTBFs

The mean time between failures (MTBF) of new products has been found to increase with time due to the decreasing number of process problems and design problems found as test time is accumulated. The author's purpose is to show one method of considering this when developing a probability ratio sequential test plan (PRST). The method results in a shorter test time to an accept decision for a product with a high MTBF and a longer test time to a reject decision for a product with a low MTBF. >
The Role of Athletics in the Self-Esteem of Tomboys

Many girls self-identify as tomboys, yet little is known about their experiences. Tomboys deviate from gender stereotypes; they also may be more highly aware of gender status differences. Because tomboys may feel different from others and more keenly feel the lower status of their gender group, they may suffer from lower levels of self-esteem. Yet many tomboys also tend to participate in athletics, an activity that often leads to higher levels of self-esteem. Two studies sought to disentangle the interactive effects of tomboy identification and athleticism on self-esteem. Study 1 sampled 144 female undergraduates and Study 2 sampled 66 girls aged from 8 to 13. In both studies, greater self-identification as a tomboy during childhood was associated with lower current self-esteem, but only for less athletic participants. Tomboys who were highly athletic had high levels of self-esteem. Together these findings suggest that participating in athletics can protect tomboys from decreased self-esteem.
Euler-Mahonian distributions of type B n

Adin, Brenti, and Roichman introduced the pairs of statistics (ndes,nmaj) and (fdes,fmaj). They showed that these pairs are equidistributed over the hyperoctahedral group B"n, and can be considered ''Euler-Mahonian'' in the sense that they generalize the Carlitz identity. Further, they asked whether there exists a bijective proof of the equidistribution of their statistics. We give such a bijection, along with a new proof of the generalized Carlitz identity.
Allocation problems with partial information

Allocation problems have been central to the development of the theory of algorithms and also find applications in several realms of computer science and economics. In this thesis we initiate a systematic study of these problems in situations with limited information. Towards this end we explore several modes by which data may be obfuscated from the algorithm. We begin by investigating temporal constraints where data is revealed to the algorithm over time. Concretely, we consider the online bipartite matching problem in the unknown distribution model and present the first algorithm that breaches the 1 − 1/e barrier for this problem. Next we study issues arising from data acquisition costs that are prevalent in ad-systems and kidney exchanges. Motivated by these constraints we introduce the query-commit model and present constant factor algorithms for the maximum matching and the adwords problem in this model. Finally we assess the approximability of several classical allocation problems with multiple agents having complex non-linear cost functions. This presents an additional obstacle since the support for the cost functions may be extremely large entailing oracle access. We show tight information theoretic lower bounds for the general class of submodular functions and also extend these results to get lower bounds for a subclass of succinctly representable non-linear cost functions.
Strong Concordance Between Transcriptomic Patterns of Spleen and Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection

SUMMARY. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes morbidity in chickens and exhibits zoonotic potential. Understanding host transcriptional responses to infection aids the understanding of protective mechanisms and serves to inform future colibacillosis control strategies. Transcriptomes of spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of the same individual birds in response to APEC infection were compared to identify common response patterns and connecting pathways. More than 100 genes in three contrasts examining pathology and infection status were significantly differentially expressed in both tissues and similarly regulated. Tissue-specific differences in catalytic activity, however, appear between birds with mild and severe pathology responses. Early expression differences, between birds with severe pathology and uninfected controls, in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PBLs precede spleen responses in the p53 and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways. Tissue bianalysis is useful ...
Multiple foreign body erosions after laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh

Laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and tackers is gaining popularity for the treatment of stress incontinence because of shorter operator learning curves and increased scarring and fibrosis with surgical success rates comparable to suturing techniques. We report two cases of multiple foreign body erosions requiring reoperation after this technique.
Nuclease Mediated Targeted Genome Modification in Mammalian Cells

The development of targeted genome modification by using engineered nucleases has been a rapidly developing field in the last few years. In this chapter we review the different types of nucleases that can be engineered for this purpose, the different types of genome modifications that have been created, and examples of targeted genome modification used for both research purposes and for potential gene therapy uses.
A Synchronous GatedClock Strategy for LowPower Design of Telecom ASICs

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Power Contributions: Importance Synchronous Gated-Clock Strategy Results Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References ]]>
Potential of the ovine brain as a model for anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis.

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the fetal ovine model for anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis detection and effect of dexmedetomidine on neuroapoptosis. Brains of fetal lambs that underwent tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia were studied following anesthetic exposure. The brains of nine fetuses from six pregnant sheep were studied. Seven of these fetuses underwent surgery for tracheal balloon insertion at 118–120 days gestational age (GA) under 1.5–2.0 % isoflurane for 2–3 h. Two weeks afterward, at balloon retrieval, a repeat anesthetic: 1.5–2 % isoflurane for 6 h was administered. Five of these fetuses were also exposed to dexmedetomidine concurrently. Immunohistochemistry of fetal brains for apoptotic neurons using activated caspase-3 antibodies was compared to that of an unexposed control group at GA 109 and 122 days. Neuroapoptosis was detected in the ovine fetus with GA- dependent variation observed in the hippocampus. Increased neuroapoptosis occurred in the isoflurane-only group. Fetuses with isoflurane–dexmedetomidine exposure exhibited decreased neuroapoptosis compared to isoflurane-only group. The fetal ovine model is a suitable option for neuroapoptosis analysis. Isoflurane use appears to be associated with additional neuroapoptosis in ovine fetuses undergoing surgical stimulation. Possible amelioration of isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis by dexmedetomidine deserves further study. Further studies of the effect of gestational age, dose, duration of anesthesia and surgical stimulation on neuroapoptosis are needed.
Differences between residential and non-residential fathers on sexual socialisation of African American youth

AbstractThis study investigated differences between residential and non-residential fathers on topics discussed during father–child sex communication and factors associated with child sexual socialisation. Young people (N = 159, 53% female) provided self-reports using computer surveys on the role of their fathers on father–child sex communication, general communication, parental monitoring, father social support and topics discussed during father–child sex communication. The analysis revealed differences in topics discussed between young people with residential vs. non-residential fathers. Independent group t-tests revealed significant differences between young people with residential vs. non-residential fathers on social support and parental monitoring for sons and parental monitoring for daughters. Sons and daughters with residential fathers had higher scores on these variables. Discriminant function analyses, chi-square tests and hierarchical linear regression analyses were carried out to determine whe...
Circulating Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Antiangiogenic Therapy in Breast Cancer

Introduction. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hypoxia regulated metalloenzyme integral to maintaining cellular pH. Increased CAIX expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. To explore CAIX as a biomarker for breast cancer therapies, we measured plasma CAIX levels in healthy control subjects and in breast cancer patients. Methods. In control subjects we evaluated plasma CAIX stability via commercially available ELISA. We then similarly quantified plasma CAIX levels in (1) locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients treated with neoadjuvant paclitaxel
Acute Toxicity of Ethyl Chaulmoograte.

At the suggestion of Dr. H. W. Wade we studied the toxicity in rats of single subcutaneous doses of a number of representative types of ethyl esters of the fatty acids of chaulmoogra oil. Preparations included were: (1) a purified ethyl chaulmoograte supplied by Dr. R. Wrenshall, fractionated by redistillation in vacuo at 10 mm. Hg., containing a small amount of ethyl hydnocarpate as indicated by the iodine number; (2) mixed ethyl esters of fatty acids of Hydnocarpus wightiana oil prepared at Culion, containing more than 80% ethyl chaulmoograte as indicated by polariscopic measurements; (3) a similar preparation containing 0.5% iodine, prepared by Cole's method1; (4) crude ethyl chaulmoograte containing 4% creosote, a preparation used in India, supplied by Dr. E. Muir from clinical supplies at Calcutta; and (5) “Chaulmestrol” (Winthrop), a proprietary preparation of mixed ethyl esters of fatty acids of chaulmoogra oil. The pertinent findings summarized in Table I agree with Martins' report2 of 40 cc./kg. ...
Mechanism of the Novel Prenylated Flavin-Containing Enzyme Ferulic Acid Decarboxylase Probed by Isotope Effects and Linear Free-Energy Relationships.

Ferulic acid decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes the decarboxylation of phenylacrylic acid to form styrene using a newly described prenylated flavin mononucleotide cofactor. A mechanism has been proposed, involving an unprecedented 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition of the prenylated flavin with the α═β bond of the substrate that serves to activate the substrate toward decarboxylation. We measured a combination of secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) at the α- and β-positions of phenylacrylic acid together with solvent deuterium KIEs. The solvent KIE is 3.3 on Vmax/KM but is close to unity on Vmax, indicating that proton transfer to the product occurs before the rate-determining step. The secondary KIEs are normal at both the α- and β-positions but vary in magnitude depending on whether the reaction is performed in H2O or D2O. In D2O, the enzyme catalyzed the exchange of deuterium into styrene; this reaction was dependent on the presence of bicarbonate. This observation implies tha...
Population-based Analysis of the Clinical Features of Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary.

BACKGROUND: Primary small cell carcinoma of the ovary (SCCO) is rare, making prognosis and outcomes largely undefined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using case listing session of SEER 18 (1973-2010), we examined outcomes for patients with SCCO. Analyses were conducted with SEER(*)Stat 8.1.2, Microsoft Excel 2007 and GraphPad Prism 6. Comparisons were made using the Chi-square test and log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) and all p-values were 2-sided. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-one patients with SCCO with staging information were identified with a median age of 37 (range=10-91). Twenty-nine patients (15%) had localized, 19 (11%) regional and 133 (74%) distant disease at presentation. All patients with localized and 95% of patients with regional disease had surgery. The extent of surgery did not influence outcomes. Median overall survival (OS) varied by stage (67 months vs. 12 months vs. 9 months, p<0.001). Radiation was rarely used in localized (1 patient) or regional disease (3 patients). For comparison, 81,933 cases of SCLC were identified from the same database with a median age of 68; 8% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients had localized, 29% regional and 63% distant disease. Outcomes were superior for patients with SCCO with localized disease (67 months vs. 16 months, p<0.001) but there was no clinically meaningful difference in patients with regional (12 months vs. 13 months, p=0.675) or distant disease (9 months vs. 7 months, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: SCCO presents at a younger age than SCLC but has a similar stage distribution. Patients with localized SCCO have a more favorable prognosis than patients with SCLC but patients with regional and distant disease have similar outcomes.