cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal heparin adsorption following cardiopulmonary bypass with a heparin removal device-an alternative to protamine

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and applicability of a heparin removal device (HRD) based on plasma separation and poly-L-lysine (PLL) affinity adsorption as an alternative to protamine in reversing systemic heparinization following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: A prospective study. Selling: University research laboratory. Subjects: Adult female swine (n = 7). Interventions: Female Yorkshire swine (n = 7, 67.3 ± 3.5 [SEM] kg) were subjected to 60 mins of right atrium-to-aortic, hypothermic (28°C) CPB. After weaning from CPB, the right atrium was recannulated with a two-stage, dual-lumen cannula which was connected to an HRD via extracorporeal circulation. Blood flow was drained at 1431.2 ± 25.4 mUmin from the inferior vena cava, through the plasma separation chamber of the HRD (where heparin was bound to PLL), and reinfused into the right atrium. The HRD run time was determined by a previously established mathematical model of first-order exponential depletion. Measurements and Main Results: Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, kaolin and celite activated clotting time (ACT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), heparin concentration, and plasma free hemoglobin were obtained before, during, and after the use of the HRD. Pre-CPB ACT was 167 ± 89 secs (kaolin) and 99±7 secs (celite), and APTT was 34 ± 5 secs. The HRD run time averaged 27.4 ± 1.5 mins targeted to remove 90% total body heparin. Use of the HRD was not associated with any adverse hemodynamic reactions or increases in plasma free hemoglobin. The heparin concentration immediately following CPB was 4.85 ±0.24 units/mL, with ACT >1000 secs and APTT >150 secs in all animals. During heparin removal, total body heparin content followed first-order exponential depletion kinetics. At the end of the HRD run, heparin concentration decreased to 0.51 ± 0.09 units/mL, with kaolin ACT returning to 177± 22 secs, celite ACT returning to 179 * 17 secs, and APTT returning to 27 ± 3 secs (p >.05 vs. pre-CPB baseline for all variables). I Conclusions: The HRD is capable of reversal of anticoagulation following CPB without significant blood cell damage or changes in hemodynamics. The HRD, therefore, can serve as an alternative to achieve heparin clearance in clinical situations where use of protamine may be contraindicated.
Sexual behavior of male and female septal lesioned rats

Abstract Gonadectomized male and female rats were given septal lesions (SL) or sham surgery at approximately 60 days of age. After 3 weeks lordosis behavior tests were initiated. Females were tested after daily injections of 2 μg estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 days, while males were tested after EB only (2 μg×3 days), and after EB plus progesterone (Prog). The mean lordosis quotients (LQ) of septal lesioned female rats were significantly higher than those of sham operated controls. No increase in lordosis responding was seen in male rats with either EB alone or EB+Prog. Following an additional 3 week interval without steroid treatment masculine behavior tests began. All animals received a pretest and were tested again on Day 4, 7, 11 and 15 daily tesosterone propionate (150 μg/day) treatment. No alterations in masculine sexual behavior (relative to that of controls) were found in either male or female septal lesioned rats. It is concluded that the increased hormone sensitivity is specific for lordosis behavior, at least when the SL are given in adulthood.
Thermal Expansion Behavior of AL and TA Using a Finite-Temperature Extension of the Quasicontinuum Method

Numerical methods that bridge the atomistic andcontinuum scales concurrently have been applied successfully to anumber of materials science problems involving both nonlinear andlong-range deformation fields. However, extension of thesemethods to finite temperature, nonequilibrium dynamics isdifficult due to the intrinsic incoherency between moleculardynamics and continuum thermodynamics, which possess differentcrystal vibrational spectra and therefore result in unphysicalwave reflections across domain boundaries. Here we review ourrecent finite temperature extension of the three-dimensional,non-local quasicontinuum (QC) method based on Langevin dynamicsand carry out an analysis of the systematic errors associated withthe entropic depletion that results from the QC reduction. Weapply the method to Al and Ta structured meshes ranging fromatomistic resolution to minimum-node representations using thethermal expansion coefficient as the standard metric. We findthat, while Al errors scale linearly with the number of meshnodes, Ta displays a very erratic behavior that degrades rapidlywith mesh coarsening.
Fish habitat associations in a spatially variable desert stream

White sands pupfish Cyprinodon tularosa were sampled with minnow traps along the length of Lost River, a highly variable desert stream in New Mexico, to evaluate if their abundance, median standard length (Ls) and sex ratio values differed by microhabitat variables. Habitat measurements were made in a 4m 2 area around the minnow trap. White Sands pupfish populations were primarily structured by L S . As specific conductance and surface area increased, median size of fish decreased. Shallow areas with higher specific conductance were correlated with an increased number of fish.
Age, racial, and gender bias as a function criterion specificity: A test of expert testimony

Abstract We examined a common expert witness theme in EEO cases that rating bias in the form of ethnic, age, or gender differences in personnel decisions based on performance appraisals is moderated by criterion specificity or rating scale format. Few studies have investigated this issue and results do not support the position that the more objective or specific criteria for assessment will result in smaller differences between groups based on age, gender or ethnic classification.
Characterization of silica-supported ruthenium catalysts by hydrogen chemisorption and nuclear magnetic resonance of adsorbed hydrogen

Adsorbed hydrogen on four silica-supported ruthenium catalysts was measured quantitatively by proton magnetic resonance (PMR). The PMR technique revealed two distinct adsorbed states of hydrogen on the metal: reversible and irreversible. The results from PMR and those from conventional hydrogen chemisorption measurements were compared directly. The observed discrepancy between the PMR and volumetric techniques in the case of total adsorption is attributed to spillover of reversibly adsorbed hydrogen from ruthenium onto the silica support. Good agreement was obtained between the two techniques in the case of irreversible adsorption. The relatively narrow line of PMR spectra on the reversibly adsorbed hydrogen indicates rapid motion for this state of hydrogen on ruthenium surfaces. The variation of spectral lineshift and of the spin-lattice relaxation times for the adsorbed hydrogen with ruthenium particle size suggests a stronger interaction between the adsorbed hydrogen and defect-like ruthenium adsorption sites. The results from PMR intensity measurements also suggest that the reversibly adsorbed hydrogen is at least in part associated with the defect-like ruthenium adsorption sites.
Update on diabetic neuropathy.

Purpose of reviewThis review will focus on recent advances in the field of diabetic neuropathy, with an emphasis on distal symmetric sensory and sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Some new information in the areas of diabetic amyotrophy and diabetic autonomic neuropathy will also be reviewed.Recent findin
Status Of CID InSb Detector Technology

This paper reviews Indium Antimonide Charge Injection Device (CID) Technology. These detectors consist of MIS capacitors formed on InSb wafers using integrated circuit-like processing. When biased into depletions, the capacitors form integrating detectors for use in the 3-5 μ band. Single capacitors are used to form line array sites while two coupled capacitors form sites of area arrays. Silicon scanning chips are used to address the sites and implement the readout of the signal charge. Advances in the technology permit the design of IR focal planes with large numbers of detectors. General Electric has developed line arrays with up to 512 elements and staring arrays with up to 128 x 128 elements. This paper first reviews the basic CID mechanisms and briefly describes array fabrication. This is followed by a description of InSb line arrays along with their readouts and performance. Two dimensional arrays and their readouts are presented including the 128 x 128 staring array.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Relating "Information Needs" to Learner Characteristics in Higher Education.

‘Information needs’ are defined in terms of conceptual incongruities, the paramaters of which are described by a number of constructs originating in the fields of cognitive and social psychology. The ‘satisfaction’ of such needs are discussed in terms of access to varying ranges of information sources, from individual learning resources to large‐scale data bases, which may contain information appropriate to the resolving of such conceptual incongruities. From a review of systems designated to satisfy information needs of higher education students, it is concluded that generally, the wider the range of of information that an individual has access to, (i) the more restricted to the names of ‘topics’ and ‘subjects’ have been the parameters of information needs catered for by the system; and (ii) the less the individual has been able to know about the suitability of the sources to other parameters of his information needs, as proposed, at the time of searching. Implications are drawn, for students working in the context of relatively independent access to wide ranges of information sources, in terms of the need to develop effective information handling skills; assessment procedures; and information accessing systems.
Inhibition by ultraviolet light of pole cell formation in Smittia sp (Chironomidae, Diptera): Action spectrum and photoreversibility

Abstract The formation of pole cells (primordial germ cells) in Smittia sp can be inhibited by ultraviolet (uv) irradiation without causing significant mortality. Until 70 min after egg deposition, pole cells are suppressed by low uv doses applied to the posterior pole region. Microbeam irradiation of a target area including the oosome inhibits pole cell formation; this is not observed after irradiation of other target areas. The action spectrum for uv inhibition of pole cells shows a distinct peak at 260 nm; its shape suggests that a nucleic acid or nucleic acid-protein complex acts as an effective target. Independent evidence for the involvement of a nucleic acid moiety is derived from the fact that uv inhibition of pole cell formation is photoreversible. The results are discussed in the context of pole cell determination by localized cytoplasmic components.
The relationship of children's hope to pediatric asthma treatment adherence

This study investigated the relationship between hope and adherence to a daily inhaled steroid regimen among 48 asthma patients ages 8–12 years old who participated in a 14 day adherence assessment. Participants completed the Children's Hope Scale, and parents completed a questionnaire aimed at demographic and disease-related information. Adherence was measured by electronic monitoring of the use of the participant's metered-dose inhaler. A multivariate model predicting nonadherence was built, including FEV1 in the first step and children's hope level in the second step. This model was a significant predictor of adherence (Nagelkerke R 2 = 0.24, p = 0.01). No other demographic or psychosocial variables were significant predictors of adherence. These findings highlight the need to attend to psychosocial predictors of adherence, specifically hope, and may help practitioners target these factors in their efforts to increase adherence among pediatric asthma patients.
PROPERTIES OF OGI POWDERS MADE FROM NORMAL, FORTIFIED AND OPAQUE-2 CORN

Ogi powders were made from normal corn, corn plus lysine and tryptophan, and opaque-2 corn by grinding, steeping, fermenting, supplementing and drum drying. Compositional, nutritional, organoleptic, and storage properties of the powders were determined. Processing did not decrease protein content of the corn but total and available lysine were significantly reduced. Tryptophan levels were more stable to processing and in two of the powders increased, probably due to fermentation. All powders were acceptable to a Nigerian taste panel when made into ogi porridge, and storage of powders at 30°C for 18 wk caused only small changes in acceptability. The nutritional quality of the powders as judged by PER values, however, was substantially decreased by processing. The data suggest that supplementation with lysine and other amino acids following rather than preceding drying may be beneficial.
Cometary showers and unseen solar companions

The possibility that an invisible solar companion passing through the Oort cloud every 28 Myr precipitates a sufficiently high rate of cometary collisions with the earth to account for periodic mass species extinctions recorded in the fossil record is discussed. A Monte Carlo simulation shows that any hypothesized 'death star' with a 28 Myr orbit would experience an average 10 percent change in period per orbit. Production of an 18-fold increase in cometary impacts would be associated with a 0.055 probability that a 10 km nucleus would hit the earth in a shower once every 510 Myr, longer than the proposed extinction periodicity. However, if the death star orbit has a 0.6 eccentricity and the Oort cloud is sufficiently densely populated, a 2 billion comet shower may be possible. A survey of large terrestrial impact craters indicates that 6-12 craters with diameters over 10 km originated in periodic showers. The extinctions in any case occur at 26 Myr periods and cannot be correlated with the 33 Myr period of recrossing the galactic plane, or with any other known phenomena.
Is there a geometric variation diminishing property for B-spline or Be´zier surfaces?

Abstract We present examples which show that simple geometric concepts of a variation diminishing property do not work for tensor-product Bezier and B-spline surfaces and Bezier triangles.
Very high resolution profiling of nitrogen by the 14N(α, γ)18F reaction

Abstract A narrow resonance at 1531 keV in the 14N(α, γ)18F reaction is shown to provide a means of profiling nitrogen with very high depth resolution, due to the large stopping power of He ions relative to H ions, as employed in the more common proton capture reactions. The natural width of the resonance of 0.6 keV and normal beam energy spread should produce a depth resolution of 1.5 to 2.0 nm at the surface in Fe for normal beam incidence. The gamm-ray decay of the capturing state provides a distinct signature for the resonance when observed by a large high-resolution hyperpure germanium detector. The yield from the reaction is low, however, and profiling requires large beam currents which must be spread by raster scanning to avoid bubbling. It is shown that competing reactions from other common light elements are absent and that the use of a more efficient gamma-ray detector should be possible in many cases. Examples are given for profiles of nitrogen implanted in steel samples of tribological interest.
Symmetrical analysis of complex two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals

We study complex hexagonal photonic crystals with unit cells that include different dielectric cylinders. A general symmetrical perturbation approach for a hexagonal lattice with up to three basis rods is presented that systematically develops other structural derivatives including comblike structures. We show how the band spectrum of these complex structures evolves from the most symmetrical prophase. The results are in agreement with the plane-wave calculations of the band spectrum.
A Bifunctional Nonprecious Metal Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Water Oxidation

There is a growing interest in oxygen electrochemistry as conversions between O(2) and H(2)O play an important role in a variety of renewable energy technologies. The goal of this work is to develop active bifunctional catalyst materials for water oxidation and oxygen reduction. Drawing inspiration from a cubane-like CaMn(4)O(x), the biological catalyst found in the oxygen evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II, nanostructured manganese oxide surfaces were investigated for these reactions. Thin films of nanostructured manganese oxide were found to be active for both oxygen reduction and water oxidation, with similar overall oxygen electrode activity to the best known precious metal nanoparticle catalysts: platinum, ruthenium, and iridium. Physical and chemical characterization of the nanostructured Mn oxide bifunctional catalyst reveals an oxidation state of Mn(III), akin to one of the most commonly observed Mn oxidation states found in the OEC.
The poetics of life: Luther Burbank, horticultural novelties, and the spaces of heredity.

This paper studies the hybridization practices of plant breeder Luther Burbank in order to better understand how the gene theory of heredity emerged from late nineteenth and early twentieth century spatial practices. Although Burbank bred plants that could fit the consumption habits of an industrialized America, he never adopted the informational practices useful to industry, such as standardized forms or numerical record keeping. Consequently, Burbank's hybridizations brought forth lives built on and intended to exploit new industrial spaces but Burbank never saw the incentives for describing these lives in terms genes, a language made possible by the spaces of the distribution of large amounts of manufactured goods.
Phase equilibrium modeling of mixtures of long-chain and short-chain alkanes using Peng–Robinson and SAFT

Abstract Peng–Robinson and selected implementations of the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (SAFT) equation of state (EoS) were evaluated for their ability to correlate and predict vapor–liquid equilibrium for highly asymmetric mixtures of n-alkanes. Peng–Robinson is surprisingly accurate for fitting such mixtures, but only if the pure component parameters are regressed with vapor pressure and liquid density data, as is normally done with SAFT. Furthermore, these parameters were found to be well-behaved and to increase monotonically with carbon number. In spite of its deficiencies in modeling the near-critical and critical regions, PC-SAFT is recommended for predicting the phase behavior of asymmetric mixtures of n-alkanes for which no data are available. For example, with a binary interaction parameter of zero, PC-SAFT accurately predicts liquid-phase compositions for n-alkane mixtures of C6+C16, C6+C24 and C6+C36 over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection on the ovary and progesterone levels in third trimester pregnant sows

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a common cause of reproductive failure and abortion in swine. The mechanism of abortion is not fully defined, and the effect of the virus on luteal function has not been explored. In this study, we exposed late-term pregnant swine to varied doses of PRRSV strain NADC-8 and evaluated effects on ovarian function by serial determination of plasma progesterone levels and by microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathologic alterations combined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to detect PRRSV antigen. We identified no specific trend in plasma progesterone level associated with PRRSV infection status and no microscopic ovarian lesions. PRRSV antigen was not demonstrated in ovarian tissues by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization at necropsy 21 days postexposure. Based on these findings, it does not appear that either a direct or an indirect effect on luteal function contributes to PRRSV-induced abortion.
Hawkins-hunter retrograde transcutaneous nephrostomy: A new technique

Retrograde nephrostomy, a new technique to aid in stone management, has been performed successfully in dogs. It has also been used without complication in a human patient to help remove a renal stone percutaneously under local anesthesia. The technique consists of placing a coaxial catheter over a guidewire under fluoroscopy into the exact calyx desired and advancing a long needle out to the skin to establish a transcutaneous tract. The advantages of the technique include increased control and precision of tract placement, efficient working angles for percutaneous stone removal, and the ability to perform the procedure under local anesthesia.
Biventricular mechanical assist for complex, acute post-infarction ventricular septal defect.

Conclusion We reported surgical repair of PAPVC of the right upper PV, which connected both to the SVC and to the LA, showing retrograde blood flow from the LA to the SVC. References 1. Bahnson HT, Spencer FC, Neill CA. Surgical treatment of thirty-five cases of drainage of pulmonary veins to the right side of the heart. J Thorac Surg. 1958;36:777-9. 2. Lewis FJ. High defects of the atrium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1958;36:1-5. 3. Swan HJ, Kirklin JW, Becu LM, Wood EH. Anomalous connection of right pulmonary veins to superior vena cava with intra-atrial communications: hemodynamic data in eight cases. Circulation. 1957;16:5466. 4. Beck C, Wessel A, Yelbuz TM, Bertram H. Unusual case of anomalous pulmonary venous return with left atrial to systemic venous shunt. Circulation. 2006;113:e840-1.
Structural transitions in silica glass: thermo-mechanical anomalies and polyamorphism

Abstract Using molecular dynamics computer simulations, we have studied the nature of structural transitions in crystalline and amorphous silica. Atomic interactions were modeled using a charge-transfer three-body potential that was developed to describe the charge redistribution upon breaking and forming of bonds, especially in systems that exhibit mixed covalent-ionic bonding. Two types of transitions, namely reversible and irreversible, occur in silica glass. The reversible transition is based on the same mechanism as in the α- to β-cristobalite phase transformations in crystalline silica, i.e., the abrupt rotation of Si–O–Si bridges around the Si–Si axis. Unlike in the crystal, in the glass, these rotations occur sporadically and remain localized, spreading over a range of temperature or pressure. Thus the transition is gradual. We show that this mechanism is responsible for the anomalous thermo-mechanical behaviors of silica glass, e.g., stiffening upon heating and softening upon compression. The irreversible transition is based on bond exchanges. In particular, smaller rings in the structure dissolve in favor of larger ones as the density of the structure increases. This mechanism causes permanent densification of silica glass and constitutes the basis for polyamorphism in this system.
Effects of intrapair and interpair bidirectional associates on verbal-discrimination learning

The present study replicated a previous one by Eberlein and Raskin (1968) in finding that a verbal-discrimination list composed of bidirectional word associates as interpair wrong (W) and right (R) items is more difficult to learn than a list in which the word associates enter into intrapair W and R relationships. Moreover, the acquisition of the intrapair list did not differ in difficulty from the acquisition of a list composed of unrelated words, again in agreement with previous studies. Free-recall measures of W and R items indicated that the intrapair and interpair conditions differed primarily in the process employed to “tag and collapse” pairs of item for use in the recognition of R items during verbal-discrimination practice.
Thermal-turbidimetric studies of membranes from Acholeplasma laidlawii.

Light scattering measurements were made of aqueous dispersions of Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes as well as lipids extracted from these membranes. As the temperature was increased the turbidity values changed over a temperature range that was dependent upon the fatty acid residues present in the membrane lipids. These changes were reversible and followed a pattern similar to the changes observed in calorimetric studies. The advantage of this procedure is that it permits thermal studies using relatively small amounts of membranes and also permits the study of some interactions between the membrane components and solutes in the aqueous medium. In this way an interaction was observed with Ca2+ occuring only when the membrane had changed to the fluid state.
Security officers’ attitudes towards training and their work environment

A body of research has examined the nature of security work, legislative efforts and training requirements. Fewer studies, however, have explored security officers’ perceptions of the training they received to perform their duties effectively. Although effort has been made to explore how useful the extant of training regime is for security officers in Canada (Manzo, 2009), it is unclear whether such views would hold among security officers in the United States, as both countries have minimal standard requirements regarding training. Building from Manzo’s (2009) research, we use in-depth interviews with 19 US security officers to explore security officers’ perceptions of training and what, if any, additional training security officers perceive that they need to perform their job effectively. Similar to Manzo’s work, we found that some of the officers improvise the needs and demands of their jobs with experiences drawn from prior employment; however, unlike Manzo’s study, security officers perceived a lack of adequate training to perform their tasks effectively and strongly endorsed the importance of and need for systematic and standardized training.
High-harmonic content in trapped-plasma-mode oscillators

A waveguide-coaxial cavity has enabled efficient trapped-plasma-mode harmonic generation to be extended into the K band. A power of 2 W at 3.8% efficiency was obtained at the 12th harmonic of a 1.67 GHz fundamental. The use of a lamellar grating far-infrared interferometer with a novel gated detection system verified the presence of components up to 40 GHz, a frequency corresponding to three times the normal transit-time frequency.
Deme formation in scale insects: a test with the pinyon needle scale and a review of other evidence

. 1. Deme formation is the transformation of a generalist population into one which is adapted to its local conditions. This adaptation has been inferred from many things but should be inferred from higher survival or fecundity of scale insects on their natal tree compared to that of immigrant scales on the same tree. 2. Transfers of the scale insect Matsucoccus acalyptus Herbert within and between infested host trees (Pinus monophylla (Torr. & Frem.) resulted in significant differences in scale survivorship among recipient trees. Survival on individual trees was correlated across years, indicating stable differences in tree susceptibility to scale. 3. A significant natal tree colonized tree interaction was observed for late stage scale survival in one experiment but the interaction was not caused by superior survivorship of scales transferred back to the natal tree. Hence, we found no evidence of deme formation in M.acalyptus. 4. Previous studies have concluded that deme formation occurs in the black pineleaf scale based on a significant natal tree by colonized tree interaction in scale survival. We question this conclusion because the experimental design employed did not include transfers back onto the natal tree. Other indirect evidence for deme formation in scale insects is critically discussed.
Ergodic problems for linear exponential quadratic Gaussian control and linear quadratic stochastic differential games

In this paper a direct approach is given for the verification of the relation between the Riccati equation and the optimal cost for the solution of a linear exponential quadratic Gaussian control problem and the Riccati equation and the optimal payoff for the solution of a linear quadratic stochastic differential game. The cost functionals are expected long run averages. It is shown in a direct way why the two solutions are naturally related and why the ergodic costs are the same. While the equality of the two ergodic costs is known, the approach given here should provide further insight into this equality and the relation of these two solutions.
Quantification of the Molecular Species of TAG and DAG in Lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) Oil by HPLC and MS

Ten diacylglycerols (DAG) and 74 triacylglycerols (TAG) in the seed oil of Physaria fendleri were recently identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). These acylglycerols (AG) were quantified by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of the AG in the HPLC fractions of lesquerella oil. The MS1 ion signal intensities of molecular ions [M + Li]+ in HPLC fractions of an HPLC peak were used to estimate the ratios of AG in the HPLC peak. The ratios of TAG with the same mass in HPLC fractions were estimated by the ratios of the sums of MS2 ion signal intensities from the neutral loss of the three fatty acids [M + Li − FA]+. The ratio of DAG with the same mass were estimated by the ratio of the sums of two MS2 ion signal intensities [M + Li − FA]+ and [FA + Li]+ from the two different FA of a DAG. We have estimated the contents of ten molecular species of DAG and 74 molecular species of TAG in P. fendleri oil using this new method. The content of ten DAG combined was about 1 % and 74 TAG was about 98 %. The contents of DAG in decreasing order were: LsLs (0.25 %), LsLn (0.25 %), LsO (0.24 %), and LsL (0.11 %); and the contents of TAG in decreasing order were: LsLsO (31.3 %), LsLsLn (24.9 %), LsLsL (15.8 %), LsL-OH20:2 (4.3 %), LsO-OH20:2 (2.8 %), and LsLn-OH20:2 (2.5 %).
A real time three-dimensional color animation system

A system is described for the generation of real time quasi three-dimensional animated television images. The technique utilized is a composite of the "multi-plane" cartoon animation technique and three-dimensional object projection techniques using polygonal patch representations of objects. The hardware environment consists of a hierarchical memory structure utilizing shift register "background" planes and a fast random access main image "foreground" plane. The foreground plane has a variable "depth" with respect to the background planes. Perspective relations in the image structure are maintained in real time with only infrequent updating of the background data.
Estimation of lagrangian time scales from laboratory measurements of lateral dispersion

Abstract Field experiments and wind tunnel simulation results for the behavior of lateral plume dispersion are compared to three semi-emperical expressions based on the Taylor's diffusion theory. These relations imply a direct connection between dispersion coefficients and the Lagrangian integral time scale. The implied Lagrangian integral time scale was found to vary by as much as a factor of 15, depending on the relation used. Agreement between the field data and lateral measurements supports using wind tunnel results to simulate atmospheric transport.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A PHOSPHODIESTERASE FROM LAMB BRAIN.

An endonuclease which hydrolyzes thermally denatured DNA has been detected in lamb brain homogenates. A unique assay which depends on the ability of the enzyme to decrease the antigenic competence of thermally denatured DNA facilitated its detection and was used during its purification. Evidence for thermally denatured DNA being the preferred substrate was obtained by: (a) release of acid-soluble P32, (b) loss of residual transforming activity of denatured DNA, (c) disappearance of only the denatured DNA band when partially denatured DNA was treated with the endonuclease and the mixture subjected to CsCl centrifugation, and (d) loss of serologic activity. Oligonucleotides varying in chain length from 5 to 14 residues are the products of the enzymatic digestion. By analysis of the oligonucleotide products after treatment with snake venom diesterase, the site of hydrolysis was identified as the 3′ hydroxyl side of the diester bond.
Dose-dependent effects of chronic treatment with estradiol or progesterone on LH secretion in ovariectomized rats.

Ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats bearing atrial cannulae were implanted subcutaneously with fused pellets containing estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4). Variable doses of E2(0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5%) or P4 (10, 50, 75, 100%) were achieved by varying the ratio of the hormone to cholesterol (CHOL) in the pellet. Control groups were treated with CHOL containing pellets. Blood samples were collected in the morning and afternoon the day before and 1, 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14 days after pellet implantation. The concentrations of E2, P4 and LH were measured by RIA. Throughout the sampling period, plasma concentrations of both steroids were proportional to pellet composition. On days 1 and 2, high concentrations of E2 and P4 in plasma were obtained, but between days 5 and 14 stable levels at E2 and P4 were observed. The effectiveness of chronic replacement with E2 and P4 on the negative feedback on LH secretion was assessed from morning samples and positive feedback on LH from afternoon samples. E2 implants suppress...
Separation of denatured proteins in free solution on a microchip based on differential binding of alkyl sulfates with different carbon chain lengths

Denatured proteins were separated in free solution on a microfluidic chip without any sieving matrix after carrying out the denaturation with a mixture of alkyl sulfates with different carbon chain lengths.
Mitochondria-related gene expression changes are associated with fatigue in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy.

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is associated with negative health outcomes and decreased health-related quality of life; however, few longitudinal studies have investigated molecular-genetic mechanisms of CRF. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe relationships between mitochondria-related gene expression changes and self-reported fatigue in prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Methods: A prospective, exploratory, and repeated-measures design was used. Self-report questionnaires and peripheral whole-blood samples were collected from 15 patients at 7 time points. Baseline data were compared against 15 healthy controls. The Human Mitochondria RT 2 Profiler PCR Array was used to identify differential regulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Results: Compared with baseline, there were significant increases in fatigue scores (P = .02Y.04) and changes in mitochondria-related gene expression (P = .001Y.05) over time. Mean fatigue scores were 1.66 (SD, 1.66) at baseline, 3.06 (SD, 1.95) at EBRT midpoint, 2.98 (SD, 2.20) at EBRT completion, and 2.64 (SD, 2.56) at 30 days after EBRT. Over time, 11 genes related to mitochondrial function and structure were differentially expressed. Of these 11 genes, 3 (BCL2L1, FIS1, SLC25A37) were
Surface composition of PdAu and PdAg catalysts by auger electron spectroscopy

Abstract Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) has been employed to examine the metal surface composition of PdAu and PdAg alloys as microspheres and as alumina-supported crystallites. For the PdAu system the observed PdAu ratios at the surface correspond closely to those of the bulk both for the microspheres and crystallites. However in the case of supported PdAg, the surface exhibits silver-enrichment relative to the bulk. By means of the regular solution monolayer model the results are interpreted theoretically and the binding energies between the dissimilar metal atoms are computed.
Are gel-derived glasses different from ordinary glasses?

A review is presented of some of the previously reported differences and similarities between comparable gel glasses (and gels) and ordinary glasses. In this regard, considerations are made with respect to such factors as structure, physical and thermal properties, and phase transformation behavior. A variety of silicate glass compositions are used for illustrative purposes. The discussion is roughly divided into two sections: low and high temperature behavior. At low temperatures one anticipates that differences between gel and conventional glasses will exist, but such dissimilarities are not expected to persist to high temperatures. However, experimental evidence is presented which indicates the perpetuation of such differences to very high temperatures. A partial resolution for this anomalous behavior is offered.
Inhibitory Control of Proactive Interference in Adults with ADHD.

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor inhibition of prepotent responses and deficits in distractor inhibition, but relatively few studies have addressed inhibitory control of proactive interference (PI) in individuals with ADHD. Thus, the goal of the present study was to evaluate resistance to spatial and verbal PI in adults with ADHD. Method: Adults with ADHD (n = 32) and adults without ADHD (n = 32) performed a spatial inhibition of return (IOR) task and a semantic IOR task. Results: Adults with and without ADHD showed effective spatial IOR. On the semantic IOR task, adults without ADHD showed semantic inhibition, whereas adults with ADHD showed semantic facilitation (positive priming) instead. Conclusion: Adults with ADHD may have domain-specific deficits in resistance to proactive interference. Research has theoretical and clinical implications for adults with ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007;11(2)141-149)
Fish cast NETs : Neutrophil extracellular traps are released from fish neutrophils

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are extracellular DNA structures released from neutrophils, are described and characterized for the first time in fish using fluorescent confocal microscopy. Confocal images of fish neutrophil suspensions stained with 6'-diamino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride DNA fluorescent stain (DAPI) revealed the presence of NETs which appeared as fibrous structures connecting several cells. Co-localization of NETs with neutrophil granular proteins and actin was investigated using specific antibodies and probes. Double staining of neutrophils with SYTOX green and DAPI revealed that SYTOX stain applied to living cells stained extracellular DNA, but not nuclei. NETs are actively released from stimulated living cells, associated with granular proteins, but not with cytoskeleton, and are not a product of nuclear degradation seen in late apoptotic stages. Additionally, a fluorometric microtiter plate assay to quantify the release of NETs was adopted for use with fish neutrophils, and the effect of stress on NETs release was studied. This assay detected the inhibition of DNA release during stress conditions. In summary, NETs were released from living fish kidney neutrophils upon stimulation, characterized using fluorescence DNA-binding dyes, specific antibodies and probes, and quantified using a microtiter plate fluorometric assay that can rapidly measure a large number of samples. Detection of NETs can be used as an additional assay to an existing battery of functional tests, and as a new research model to study the effects of stress, immunomodulators, and diseases.
Three-layer sandwich gel electrophoresis: a method of salt removal and protein concentration in proteome analysis.

Sample preparation plays a critical role in successful proteomic applications. Features of electrospray mass spectrometry impose limits on the types of buffers, detergents and other reagents that can be used in sample preparation. Unfortunately, many of these mass spectrometry incompatible reagents significantly enhance protein recoveries from complex matrices. This problem prompted our search for a better cleanup protocol. Our data suggest that the Three-layer Sandwich Gel Electrophoresis (TSGE) protocol can solve this problem and provide near quantitative recovery of extremely low concentration proteins from harsh solutions, a feature not available from other cleanup protocols. The hallmark of the TSGE protocol is the combination of the properties of agarose gels (that serve as the matrix to immobilize the proteins of interest) with low- and high-percentage polyacrylamide gels (that serve as the concentration and sealing layers, respectively). By electrophoretically driving the proteins of interest from...
Implementation of Positive Behavior Support With a Sibling Set in a Home Environment

This study provides a demonstration of the process of positive behavior support (PBS) within a home setting to address the challenging behavior of a sibling set within family routines. Although a g...
Characterization of the wind loads and flow fields around a gable-roof building model in tornado-like winds

An experimental study was conducted to quantify the characteristics of a tornado-like vortex and to reveal the dynamics of the flow-structure interactions between a low-rise, gable-roof building model and swirling, turbulent tornado-like winds. The experimental work was conducted by using a large-scale tornado simulator located in the Aerospace Engineering Department of Iowa State University. In addition to measuring the pressure distributions and resultant wind loads acting on the building model, a digital Particle Image Velocimetry system was used to conduct detailed flow field measurements to quantify the evolution of the unsteady vortices and turbulent flow structures around the gable-roof building model in tornado-like winds. The effects of important parameters, such as the distance between the centers of the tornado-like vortex and the test model and the orientation angles of the building model related to the tornado-like vortex, on the evolutions of the wake vortices and turbulent flow structures around the gable-roof building model as well as the wind loads induced by the tornado-like vortex were assessed quantitatively. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the surface pressure and wind load measurements to elucidate the underlying physics to gain further insight into flow-structure interactions between the gable-roof building model and tornado-like winds in order to provide more accurate prediction of wind damage potential to built structures.
Using Degradation Measures to Estimate a Time-to-Failure Distribution

Some life tests result in few or no failures. In such cases, it is difficult to assess reliability with traditional life tests that record only time to failure. For some devices, it is possible to obtain degradation measurements over time, and these measurements may contain useful information about product reliability. Even with little or no censoring, there may be important practical advantages to analyzing degradation data. If failure is defined in terms of a specified level of degradation, a degradation model defines a particular time-to-failure distribution. Generally it is not possible to obtain a closed-form expression for this distribution. The purpose of this work is to develop statistical methods for using degradation measures to estimate a time-to-failure distribution for a broad class of degradation models. We use a nonlinear mixed-effects model and develop methods based on Monte Carlo simulation to obtain point estimates and confidence intervals for reliability assessment.
The charge of the light brigade

It is now widely believed that, as well as accreting gas through a disk, the majority of quasars simultaneously expel gas with speeds as high as one-tenth the speed of light. However, the origin and dynamics of this gas remain a mystery. This month, writing in the Astrophysical Journal, Murray et al. have proposed a boldly original theory of gas flow in quasars that challenges some of the standard assumptions made in modelling quasars and is likely to provoke a strong observational and theoretical response.
The Role of the Focus Operator Only in Children's Computation of Sentence Meaning

Research on children's computation of meanings involving the focus operator only has provided an equivocal conclusion as to whether children's semantic representation of only is adult-like. The present study discusses the importance of assessing children's knowledge about only in light of its semantic interaction with other logical words in a sentence. The meaning of only involves two components, each of which affects the interpretation of another logical word, such as the scalar term some, in a sentence containing only. Demonstrating that young children are sensitive to the interaction among only and some would suggest that children possess adult-like knowledge of the lexical semantics of only. We report a new experiment that examines children's interpretation of sentences involving only and some, revealing that children indeed do not ignore the contribution of only when interpreting sentences with only and some.
Enzymatic Characterization of Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase from Streptococcus pneumoniae Harboring Its Own Substrate

This study describes the enzymatic characterization of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) from Streptococcus pneumoniae and is the first characterization of a DLDH that carries its own substrate (a lipoic acid covalently attached to a lipoyl protein domain) within its own sequence. Full-length recombinant DLDH (rDLDH) was expressed and compared with enzyme expressed in the absence of lipoic acid (rDLDH(-LA)) or with enzyme lacking the first 112 amino acids constituting the lipoyl protein domain (rDLDH(-LIPOYL)). All three proteins contained 1 mol of FAD/mol of protein, had a higher activity for the conversion of NAD(+) to NADH than for the reaction in the reverse direction, and were unable to use NADP(+) and NADPH as substrates. The enzymes had similar substrate specificities, with the K(m) for NAD(+) being approximately 20 times higher than that for dihydrolipoamide. The kinetic pattern suggested a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism, which was verified by product inhibition studies. The protein expressed without lipoic acid was indistinguishable from the wild-type protein in all analyses. On the other hand, the protein without a lipoyl protein domain had a 2-3-fold higher turnover number, a lower K(I) for NADH, and a higher K(I) for lipoamide compared with the other two enzymes. The results suggest that the lipoyl protein domain (but not lipoic acid alone) plays a regulatory role in the enzymatic characteristics of pneumococcal DLDH.