cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic force driven colloidal self-assembly near a solid surface

Abstract Hypothesis Self-assembled colloidal mobility out of a non-equilibrium system can depend on many external and interparticle forces including hydrodynamic forces. While the driving forces guiding colloidal suspension, translation and self-assembly are different and unique, hydrodynamic forces are always present and can significantly influence particle motion. Unfortunately, these interparticle hydrodynamic interactions are typically overlooked. Experiments Here, we studied the collective behavior of colloidal particles (4.0 µm PMMA), located near the solid surface in a fluid medium confined in a cylindrical cell (3.0 mm diameter, 0.25 mm height) which was rotated vertically at a low rotational speed (20 rpm). The observed colloidal behavior was then validated through a Stokesian dynamics simulation where the concept of hydrodynamic contact force or lubrication interactions are avoided which is not physically intuitive and mathematically cumbersome. Rather, we adopted hard-sphere like colloidal collision or mobility model, while adopting other useful simplification and approximations. Findings Upon particles settling in a circular orbit, they hydrodynamically interact with each other and evolve in different structures depending on the pattern of gravity forces. Their agglomeration is a function of the applied rotation scheme, either forming colloidal clusters or lanes. While evolving into dynamic structures, colloids also laterally migrate away from the surface.
Mental Health History and DECIDE (Decision-Making Education for Choices in Diabetes Everyday) Diabetes Support Program Outcomes Among African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine behavioral and clinical outcomes of the DECIDE (Decision-Making Education for Choices in Diabetes Everyday) diabetes support program trial particip...
Quickest detection of short-term voltage instability with PMU measurements

The quickest detection of short-term voltage instability in a smart grid is considered. The problem is formulated as a binary sequential composite hypothesis testing where the null hypothesis is a non-stationary process with an unknown exponentially decaying mean and the alternative is a nonstationary process with an unknown exponentially increasing mean. A sequential generalized likelihood ratio test (SGLRT) is proposed and analyzed. It is shown that the proposed SGLRT is asymptotically optimal.
The Role of the IGF-I Receptor in Apoptosis

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the role of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in apoptosis. As cellular proliferation and transformation are clearly related to apoptosis, the role of the IGF-IR in mitogenesis is examined and in transformation, and its role in apoptosis is also focused. The IGF-IR is a tyrosine kinase receptor with a 70% homology to the insulin receptor (IR). It is synthesized as a single precursor polypeptide of 1367 amino acids, including a 30-amino-acid signal peptide. The organization of the preproreceptor is NH2–signal peptide–α subunit–β subunit–COOH. After removal of the signal peptide, the proreceptor is cleaved at the tetrapeptide RKRR after residue 706, to form the α and β subunits, linked by disulfide bonds. The α subunit, entirely extracellular, is involved in ligand binding; the transmembrane β subunit has a tyrosine kinase domain that is entirely intracellular. When activated by its ligands, the IGF-IR transmits a signal to its major substrates, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-11, insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), and Shc, a signal that is subsequently transduced by the common signal-transducing pathway, through Ras and Raf, all the way to the nucleus.
Application of fuzzy logic in nuclear reactor control part I: An assessment of state-of-the-art

This article discusses the application of fuzzy logic of nuclear reactor control. The method has been suggested by many investigators in many control applications. Reviews of the application of fuzzy logic in process control are given by Tong and Sugeno. Because fuzzy logic control (FLC) provides a pathway for transforming human abstractions into the numerical domain, it has the potential to assist nuclear reactor operators in the control room. With this transformation, linguistically expressed control principles can be coded into the fuzzy controller rule base. Having acquired the skill of he operators, the FLC can assist an operator in controlling the complex system. The thrust of FLC is to derive a conceptual model of the control operation, without expressing the process as mathematical equations, to assist the human operator in interpreting incoming plant variables and arriving at a proper control action. To introduce the concept of FLC in nuclear reactor operation, an overview of the mythology and a review of its application in both nuclear and nonnuclear control application domains are presented along with subsequent discussion of fuzzy logic controllers, their structures, and their method of information processing. The article concludes with the application of a tunable FLC to amore » typical reactor control problem. 49 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Self- and nitrogen broadening of the ν102011,10←1910,9 ethylene transition at

Abstract Self- and nitrogen (N2) broadening of ethylene (C2H4) have been measured for the ν 10 20 11,10 ←19 10,9 ethylene transition at 927.01879 cm −1 . The measurements were made using infrared heterodyne spectroscopy with a spectral resolution of ∼1.7×10−4cm−1. At 296 K , the retrieved self-broadening coefficient for the observed transition is 0.1244(92) cm −1 / atm ; the nitrogen-broadening coefficient is 0.0757(99) cm −1 / atm . These results represent the most conservative treatment of experimental and statistical errors. A different purely statistical approach provides consistent values with uncertainties of only a few percent.
Las Siete Partidas

his year marks the seventh cen? tenary of the famous Spanish Code, JL Las Siete Partidas (The Seven Parts), the compilation of which was com? pleted in 1265 by King Alfonso X of Cas? tile. Hence, this would seem to be an opportune occasion to discuss the work. To make the information on the code fur? ther cabalistic, references in historical works state that the "Seven Parts" took 7 years to complete. Unlike most antiques, this work has refused to become useless and gather dust. An extensive body of litera? ture in various languages by authors of many nations attests to the worldwide in? fluence of this legal compendium and to the fact that it still remains of practical appli? cation not only in its own country but in other civil law jurisdictions as well. As such it has outlived its predecessors and even many of its successors. The present discussion is limited to a brief bibliographical description of the fine collection of early editions of the Siete Partidas in the Law Library collections and to an outline of some historical and evalu? ative information which may serve to sup? port the universal claim made with respect to the importance and excellence of this work over the centuries. History has recorded numerous kings named Alfonso?to be more specific, 5 in Aragon, 2 in Naples, 6 in Portugal, and 13 in Spain, but only King Alfonso X of Cas? tile merited the title bestowed on him by his contemporaries of "the Wise" or "the Learned." Alfonso X is often described as a man of vision who distinguished himself not only in the law, but also as a historian, grammarian, poet, and mathematician. An American work by Walton, Civil Law in Spain and Spanish America (Washington, 1900), states, "Alfonso X was recognized as one of the leading wise men of his time, the Justinian of Spanish jurisprudence, and he demonstrated his wisdom by giving to pos? terity his work of Siete Partidas, the most notable code of that age." 1 It is particularly surprising that a logical, philosophical, and very detailed legal com? pendium of this magnitude could have been planned and perfected in the midst of the confusion and chaos that obtained in Spain in the early 13 th century throughout the country's social, political, and religious af? fairs. In the juridical field, the Roman,
Cloning and analysis of delta-endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. alesti.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. alesti produced only CryIA(b)-type protoxins, and three cryIA(b) genes were cloned. One was cryptic because of an alteration near the 59 end, and the other two were very similar to each other. The protoxin encoded by one of the latter genes differed from other CryIA(b) protoxins in its greater stability and relative toxicity for two members of the order Lepidoptera. Images
Eyes in the skies: building satellites for education

The astronaut deployable satellite (ADSAT) is the third in a series of satellites being designed and built by students, faculty, and local engineers at Weber State University. These satellites have been an excellent vehicle for providing realistic engineering experiences for the students. The ADSAT is designed to be launched from the space shuttle by an astronaut. It will be capable of sending back to earth voice messages concerning the onboard experiments. The synthesized voice messages can be received by inexpensive scanners on the ground.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optimal scheduling in queuing network models of high-volume commercial web sites

The optimal control of various performance-based measures in high-volume commercial web sites requires a fundamental understanding of the interactions between the diverse set of Internet services that support customer needs and the different importance levels of these services to both the customer and the e-commerce merchant. We present here a study of the control policy for each server in a multiclass queuing network that maximizes a particular function of profit, or minimizes a particular function of cost, across the different classes of Internet services.
Antidepressant Treatment Can Normalize Adult Behavioral Deficits Induced by Early-Life Exposure to Methylphenidate

Background Methylphenidate (MPH) is prescribed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Exposure to MPH before adulthood causes behavioral deficits later in life, including anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and decreased responding to natural and drug rewards. We examined the ability of fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake blocker, to normalize these MPH-induced behavioral deficits. Methods Male rats received MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or saline (VEH) during preadolescence (postnatal day [PD] 20–35). When adults, rats were divided into groups receiving no treatment, acute or chronic FLX, and behavioral reactivity to several emotion-eliciting stimuli were assessed. Results The MPH-treated rats were significantly less responsive to natural (i.e., sucrose) and drug (i.e., morphine) rewards and more sensitive to stress- and anxiety-eliciting situations. These MPH-induced deficits were reversed by exposure to FLX. Conclusions These results indicate that exposure to MPH during preadolescence leads to behavioral alterations that endure into adulthood and that these behavioral deficits can be normalized by antidepressant treatment. These results highlight the need for further research to better understand the effects of stimulants on the developing nervous system and the potential enduring effects resulting from early-life drug exposure.
A continuum model of interfacial surfactant transport for particle methods

Employing the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, this study proposes a numerical framework of Lagrangian particle method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for multiphase flows coupled with soluble surfactant transport equations. Each particle carries interfacial and bulk surfactant concentrations, as well as momentum. With a diffuse-interface approximation, the discontinuous of the interfacial surfactant across the interface is replaced by a smooth continuous distribution. The interfacial surfactant transport equation is redefined and solved at all particles in a fluid domain. The discrete form of surfactant dynamics is derived in conservative form, and thus, global mass of surfactant is conserved exactly. An artificial normal diffusion is introduced to prevent interfacial mass from leaking from a fuzzy interface. The suitable normal diffusivity depends on the rate of surface contraction and the size of grid. A criterion to determine the size of grid at a given characteristic speed and length scale is discussed.
THE HOPFIELD MODEL AS THE MINIMUM NOISE MODEL FOR NEURONS WITH VARIABLE FIRING STRENGTH

A “non-standard Hopfield” network of neurons with variable maximum firing strength ai is studied and a noise analysis is employed. It is shown that the requirement of minimum noise forces the solution with ai=1, ∀i, namely, the standard Hopfield model. The minimum noise is calculated.
Two Pathways for Water Interaction with Oxygen Adatoms on TiO2(110)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies show that oxygen adatoms (Oa), produced during O2 exposure of reduced TiO2(110) surfaces, alter the water dissociation and recombination chemistry through two distinctive pathways. Depending on whether H2O and Oa are on the same or adjacent Ti4+ rows, Oa facilitates H2O dissociation and proton transfer to form a terminal hydroxyl pair, positioned along or across the Ti4+ row, respectively. The latter process has not been reported previously, and it starts from a "pseudodissociated" state of water. In both pathways, the reverse H transfer results in H2O reformation and O scrambling, as manifested by an apparent along- or across-row motion of Oa's.
Inverse Problem for Estimation of Loads and Support Constraints from Structural Response Data

An important source of uncertainty in finite element models used for static and fatigue analysis is due to inaccuracy In estimating both the magnitude and distribution of loads. Furthermore, it is often assumed in the models that the structure is rigidly supported even though there may be significant compliance at the support. It is often difficult to accurately estimate the compliance as well as the actual distribution of the load. Recent improvements in experimental techniques enable full-field strain measurement with relative ease for structural components. A method for using these measurements to compute the applied load and distribution, as well as compliances at the supported boundaries, is presented in this paper. Accurately determining the loads and boundary conditions can significantly improve the ability to predict fatigue life and the likely location of failure for structures.
Strategic Considerations for Innovation and Commercialization in the US Biotechnology Sector

Abstract This paper examines the importance of alliances as an innovation strategy utilized by US biotechnology firms. In doing so, the role of alliances with universities vis-a-vis alliances with industrial companies is emphasized. The biotechnology sector is dominated by few large and many small firms. The small firms are research focused or technology developers. Several large firms are now integrated biopharmaceutical companies. Very few small firms can survive without strengthening their relationships with universities, biotechnology or pharmaceutical or other large companies. These relationships range from licensing agreements, export–import connections to various forms of alliances for R&D, product development and marketing. Large firms supplement in-house R&D by acquiring research products and/or new technologies from small firms as well as universities. A survey of US biotechnology companies is used to show the emergence of alliance relationships, which continue to highlight university linkages, ...
Fragrance material review on anisyl acetate.

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of anisyl formate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Anisyl formate is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohol Simple Acid Esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1–4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for anisyl formate were evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, and skin sensitization data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2012. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid esters when used as fragrance ingredients.
Neck dissection for thyroid cancer.

Decisions concerning the extent of surgical treatment for thyroid cancer remain controversial. Limited surgical procedures, designed to remove only the cancer that is clinically evident, can be successful since the primary determinants in survival are age, sex, and histologic type rather than number of positive nodes or other factors. A retrospective review of 339 patients who had surgical procedures for cancer of the thyroid at MDA hospital from 1975 to mid-1989 did not show a conclusive advantage for any type of neck dissection. The operations were tailor-made to include all evident clinical cancer. Secondary procedures such as surgery, radioactive iodine, or radiation therapy were successful in treating recurrences, which occurred in all surgical groups, whether limited or radical.
Matrix isolation study of 151 Eu atoms and molecules

Matrix isolation techniques have been used in conjunction with Mossbauer spectroscopy to study europium atoms and clusters in solid argon. The measured isomer shift for Eu0 monomers in argon was -6.1 mm s-1. A value of 13+or-2 10-3 fm2 for the change in the mean square radius ( Delta (r2)) was calculated from the isomer shifts of Eu0 and Eu2+SO4. It was observed that the electron density at the 151Eu nucleus decreases in going from the monomer to larger clusters (multimers like Eu3, Eu4...). The Mossbauer spectrum of Eu0 shows the presence of a hyperfine magnetic field with a value equal to the one observed for free atoms. A large quadrupole splitting was observed for Eu2. The hyperfine magnetic field for larger europium clusters was around 231 kOe. The magnetic hyperfine field at the 151Eu nucleus for a 71 at.% europium in argon sample was essentially identical to the one observed for metallic europium at 4.2K.
A mechanistic study of aromatic hydroxylamine rearrangement in the rat

Abstract A modified crossover experiment was conducted to determine the mechanism of arylhydroxylamine rearrangement in the rat. When 1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-3-methylurea was incubated with fractionated liver homogenates or injected intraperitoneally in rats, 1-methylbenzimidazol-2-one was isolated as the major metabolite. Small amounts of the anticipated aminophenol, 1-( o -hydroxylphenyl)-3-methylurea were also isolated. Evidence is presented suggesting that hepatic isomerase-catalyzed rearrangements of hydroxylamines proceed via pathways analogous to those described for chemical model systems. Isomerization appears to be intermolecular involving the generation of a resonance-stabilized nitrenium ion capable of binding to amino acids and nucleotide bases.
Experimental Study of the Low-Lying Levels of Si 31

The 0.76-, 1.70-, 2.32-, 2.79-, and 3.54-MeV levels of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{31}$ have been studied using a collinear geometry with the observed particles being detected in an annular solid-state counter placed at 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} relative to the beam direction. The above levels were populated by the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{30}(d,p){\mathrm{Si}}^{31}$ reaction with deuteron energies of 3.01 and 3.22 MeV. $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation was detected by a 7.62\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7.62-cm NaI crystal at five angles between 26\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} relative to the beam direction. From the analysis of the experimental correlations, spin determinations of $\frac{5}{2}$, $\frac{3}{2}$, $\frac{7}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$ were established for the 1.70-, 2.32-, 3.14-, and 3.54-MeV levels, respectively. An isotropic correlation was measured for the level at 760 keV, in agreement with the known spin of \textonehalf{} for this level. The analysis for the 2.79-MeV level agrees with the spin value of $\frac{5}{2}$ which is indicated from the shape of the ${l}_{n}=2$ angular distribution from the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{30}(d,p)$ reaction corresponding to population of this level. In addition, information on the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray multipole mixing ratios and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray branching ratios for many of the above levels was determined.
Reflux control is important in the management of Barrett's Esophagus: results from a retrospective 1,830 patient cohort.

Background It is unknown whether acid/reflux control prevents progression in Barrett’s esophagus. In this study, we investigate whether medical or surgical control of reflux is associated with a decreased risk of progression to dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Sandwave migration in Monterey Submarine Canyon, Central California

Abstract Repeated high-resolution multibeam bathymetric surveys from 2002 through 2006 at the head of the Monterey Submarine Canyon reveal a sandwave field along the canyon axis between 20 and 250 m water depth. These sandwaves range in wavelength from 20 to 70 m and 1 to 3 m in height. A quantitative measure was devised to determine the direction of sandwave migration based on the asymmetry of their profiles. Despite appreciable spatial variation the sandwaves were found to migrate in a predominantly down-canyon direction, regardless of season and tidal phases. A yearlong ADCP measurement at 250 m water depth showed that intermittent internal tidal oscillations dominated the high-speed canyon currents (50–80 cm/s), which are not correlated with the spring–neap tidal cycle. Observed currents of 50 cm/s or higher were predominantly down-canyon. Applying a simple empirical model, flows of such magnitudes were shown to be able to generate sandwaves of a size similar to the observed ones.
Prevention of Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation by Intravenous Isoproterenol and Epinephrine

Isoproterenol and epinephrine were given intravenously in dilute solutions to nine patients with Stokes-Adams attacks due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The drugs produced ventricular acceleration and thereby controlled the attacks. This technic proved useful for prompt, short-term prevention of seizures; for the long term, direct electric stimulation with internal pacemakers was required.
Phosphate content of muscle phosphofructokinase in the genetically diabetic mouse (C57BL/KsJ)

Abstract The amount of phosphofructokinase based on total soluble protein in extracts of skeletal muscle from genetically diabetic mice C57BL/KsJ (db/db) was about 30% lower than that of normal controls (db/m). Organic phosphate content of five control animals varied between 0.11 and 0.19 mol/mol protomer. On the other hand, the phosphate content of diabetic mice had a much broader range (0.11 to 0.39) with a mean content for five animals of 0.24 mol/mol enzyme protomer. Partial resolution of high- and low-phosphate forms can be achieved by ion-exchange chromatography. The more highly phosphorylated enzyme is slightly more sensitive to ATP inhibition than the low-phosphate enzyme.
Flux-pinning and inhomogeneities or defects in amorphous superconducting Mo5Ge3 films

Abstract An investigation to relate flux-pinning behavior in amorphous thin films of Mo 5 Ge 3 to their inhomogeneities or defects has been conducted. The amorphous Mo 5 Ge 3 (a-Mo 5 Ge 3 ) films were synthesized at room temperature (RT) and liquid nitrogen temperature (77°K) by magnetron sputtering. A-Mo 5 Ge 3 films deposited at RT showed larger pinning force F p than those deposited at 77°K. For a-Mo 5 Ge 3 films deposited at 77°K, F p was analyzed according to the theory of Larkin and Ovchinnikov for collective pinning in two dimensions. The temperature scaling law has been observed for a-Mo 5 Ge 3 films with different thermal histories.
Action During Body Perception: Processing Time Affects Self-other Correspondences

The accurate perception of other people and their postures is essential for functioning in a social world. Our own bodies organize information from others to help us respond appropriately by creating self-other mappings between bodies. In this study, we investigated mechanisms involved in the processing of self-other correspondences. Reed and Farah (1995) showed that a multimodal, articulated body representation containing the spatial relations among parts of the human body was accessed by both viewing another's body and moving one's own. Use of one part of the body representation facilitated the perception of homologous areas of other people's bodies, suggesting that inputs from both the self and other activated the shared body representation. Here we investigated whether this self-other correspondence produced rapid facilitation or required additional processing time to resolve competing inputs for a shared body representation. Using a modified Reed and Farah dual-task paradigm, we found that processing time influenced body-position memory: an interaction between body-part moved and body-part attended revealed a relative facilitation effect at the 5 s ISI, but interference at the 2 s ISI. Our results suggest that effective visual-motor integration from the self and other requires time to activate shared portions of the spatial body representation.
The prevalence of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users and an evaluation of risk factors

Background. The widespread use of smokeless tobacco (ST) has prompted concern in regard to the development of oral lesions in long-term users. Methods. For inclusion in the current study, a subject must have used an ST product, either snuff or chewing tobacco, for at least 6 months. The subjects were recruited by advertising, and none was referred for the evaluation of an oral lesion. The following were performed on all subjects: assessment of exposure to ST, cigarettes, and alcohol; examination of the oral cavity; a biopsy, if an oral lesion was found; and analysis of a blood sample for beta-carotene. The dietary intake of most of the subjects was analyzed. Results. Of the 347 ST users, all of whom were white male subjects, 45 (13.0%) had an oral lesion. Thirty-five of the lesions were hyperkeratosis and 10 were epithelial dysplasia. Conclusions. Snuff exposure was associated significantly with the presence of an oral lesion (P < 0.0001). A decreased vitamin C intake also was found among the ST users with oral lesions (P < 0.01). The ST users with epithelial dysplasia, as compared with those with hyperkeratotic lesions, were slightly older, had a lower intake of vitamin C (P < 0.05), and were more likely to have used chewing tobacco than snuff.
A Digital Computer Method for Dating Short Tree Ring Series

TREE ring dating of samples of wood of unknown age is usually accomplished by optical matching of graphed tree ring thickness data. Optical matching works well with large samples of gymnosperm wood the ring thicknesses of which vary widely from year to year. Small samples of less ‘sensitive’ hard woods may be more reliably dated if, for each possible date, the product-moment correlation coefficient is computed between the unknown and known tree ring vectors.
Seeking truth through doing justice: A reply to Michael Barnes

Michael Barnes' article, "Having faith, being critical, and seeking truth" (1994) is in part a response to my essay, "Having faith, being neutral, and doing justice: Toward a paradigm of responsibility m the comparative study of religion" (1993). On the surface Barnes' article offers several comments in complimentary appreciation of my article, but critically notes that it does "not go far enough" to legitimate the kind of criticism of religions he takes to be needed. He goes on to advance a number of interesting proposals which attempt to meet this need. On closer reading, though, I find it to contain some basic confusions that handicap his project of critically evaluating religions and, despite its complimentary words of appreciation, to fail to take seriously the paradigm of responsibility my article proposes. My article was addressed primarily to readers who tend to be exclusively identified with a phenomenological approach to the study of religion so much so that a critically evaluative approach seems to them to be alien. It was not wntten to provide legitimation for readers unsympathetic to phe nomenology of religion who are already committed to a critically evaluative approach (as Barnes seems to be), although it does have definite implications for such an orientation. Whether intended or not, Barnes' choice of words for his title in juxta position to my title reflects a basic issue at stake between us. Is "the critical truth" about religion that is sought truth if it fails to do full justice to the religious phenomena in question or fails to be fully responsible to every per spective which affords significant access to different facets of the phenomena? I contend that it does not. That is why a truly empathetic, phenomenological approach (as I defined it in my article) is indispensable and not to be taken for granted. The limitations of a phenomenological approach which I out lined in my article are not limitations which render it replaceable by some supposedly more effective, more direct approach to truth about religion. For a phenomenological approach, properly understood and practiced, is the only
Pancreatic stents for prophylaxis against post-ERCP pancreatitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Background Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of ERCP. Several randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the use of pancreatic stents in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis with varying results. Objective We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the role of prophylactic pancreatic stents for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Design MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and recent abstracts from major conference proceedings were searched. RCTs and retrospective or prospective, nonrandomized studies comparing prophylactic stent with placebo or no stent for post-ERCP pancreatitis were included for the meta-analysis and systematic review. Standard forms were used to extract data by 2 independent reviewers. The effect of stents (for RCTs) was analyzed by calculating pooled estimates of post-ERCP pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, and grade of pancreatitis. Separate analyses were performed for each outcome by using the odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference. Random- or fixed-effects models were used. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by calculating I 2 measure of inconsistency. Setting Systematic review and meta-analysis of patients undergoing pancreatic stent placement for prophylaxis against post-ERCP pancreatitis. Patients Adult patients undergoing ERCP. Interventions Pancreatic stent placement for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Main Outcome Measurements Post-ERCP pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, and complications after pancreatic stent placement. Results Eight RCTs (656 subjects) and 10 nonrandomized studies met the inclusion criteria (4904 subjects). Meta-analysis of the RCTs showed that prophylactic pancreatic stents decreased the odds of post-ERCP pancreatitis (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.38; P P ≤ .01). Similar findings were also noted from the nonrandomized studies. Limitations Small sample size of some trials, different types of stents used, inclusion of low-risk patients in some studies, and lack of adequate study of long-term complications of pancreatic stent placement. Conclusions Pancreatic stent placement decreases the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia in high-risk patients.
The naturality in Kirwan's decomposition

Let X be a compact symplectic manifold, K a compact group acting symplectically on X, and assume there is a moment map. In [3], Kirwan defined a stratification on X, and showed that the associated spectral sequence degenerates. In this note, we ask whether this degeneration comes from a stable splitting of X into Thom spaces on the strata. One can also ask a related arithmetic question. Is it true that the splitting Kirwan discovered respects the action of Galois groups?
In vitro formation of intramolecular crosslinks in tropocollagen

Abstract Administration of penicillamine (β,β, dimethyl cysteine) to rats causes a disturbance of collagen metabolism that resembles lathyrism (Nimni and Bavetta, 1965) . The neutral salt soluble collagen which accumulates in rats treated with penicillamine consists almost exclusively of α components (Nimni, 1965), but once extracted from tissues and purified, it forms stable fibers at 37°C ( Deshmukh and Nimni, 1969a ). This contrasts with lathyritic collagen which forms unstable fibers that redissolve in cold neutral salt solutions ( Gross, 1963 ). This fundamental difference in behavior suggested that the soluble collagen extracted from the penicillamine treated animals should be capable of generating stable intramolecular as well as intermolecular crosslinks. The present communication describes the formation of intramolecular crosslinks in vitro , which in turn, suggests a suitable model for the further study of the biosynthesis and characterization of this type of crosslink.
Category size effects in semantic and letter fluency in Alzheimer’s patients

Many studies have found that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) perform significantly worse than normal controls on verbal fluency tasks. Moreover, some studies have found that AD patients' deficits compared to controls are more severe for semantic fluency (e.g., vegetables) than for letter fluency (e.g. words that begin with F). These studies, however, have not taken category size into account. A comparison of AD patients and age-matched controls on three semantic and three letter categories revealed that both the size and type of a category significantly predicted AD patients' deficits on verbal fluency tasks. These results suggest that the verbal fluency of AD patients will be most attenuated on large semantic categories.
Heart block resulting from concealed discharge of the atrioventricular node.

Abstract A case of concealed discharge of the A-V node resulting in an electrocardiographic pattern of second degree A-V block is reported.
Assemblies of Polymerized Phospholipid Vesicle Structures Chemisorbed on Au Films Visualized in situ by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Submicron vesicles immobilized on gold films were visualizedin situ using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Electron micrographs show that surface immobilized vesicles composed of diacetylenic phospholipids with 1 mole percent disulfide functionality and that encapsulate NaCl are structurally stable for at least three days. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) provides compositional evidence supporting the formation of surface immobilized vesicles. Using ESEM coupled with EDS, a two-layer vesicle structure was imaged and found to contain NaCl and lipid elements sulfur and phosphorous.
Photolysis of butenedial at 193, 248, 280, 308, 351, 400, and 450 nm

Abstract We have studied the photolysis of butenedial at 193, 248, 280, 308, 351, 400, and 450 nm by using laser photolysis combined with cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The HCO radical is a photodissociation product at 193 and 248 nm. The corresponding HCO quantum yields are 0.55 ± 0.07 and 0.12 ± 0.01, independent of butenedial pressure and nitrogen buffer gas pressure. Absorption cross-sections of butenedial are (6.88 ± 0.39) × 10−18 and (3.62 ± 0.69) × 10−19 cm2 at 193 and 248 nm. The end-products from the photolysis of butenedial at 193, 248, 308, and 351 nm were measured by FTIR. Acrolein and 3H-furan-2-one were observed and their yields have been estimated.
Adhesion and Pull-Off Forces for Polysilicon MEMS Surfaces Using the Sub-Boundary Lubrication Model

Miniature devices including MEMS and the head disk interface in magnetic storage often include very smooth surfaces, typically having root-mean-square roughness, σ of the order of 10 nm or less. When such smooth surfaces contact, or come into proximity of each other either in dry or wet environments, then strong intermolecular (adhesive) forces may arise. Such strong intermolecular forces may result in unacceptable and possibly catastrophic adhesion, suction, friction and wear In the present paper, a model termed sub-boundary lubrication (SBL) adhesion model is used to calculate the adhesion forces, and an elastic-plastic model is used to calculate the contact forces at typical MEMS interfaces. Several levels of surface roughness are investigated representing polished and as-deposited polysilicon films that are typically found in MEMS. The SBL adhesion model reveals the significance of the surface roughness on the adhesion and pull-off forces as the surfaces become smoother The validity of using the SBL adhesion model to estimate the pull-off forces in miniature systems is further supported by direct comparison with experimental pull-off force measurements performed on silicon and gold interfaces. Finally, the significance of the interfacial forces as relate to the reliability of MEMS interfaces is discussed.
Obligatory intracellular parasitism by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum involves caveolae and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins

Obligatory intracellular, human ehrlichiosis agents Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum create unique replicative compartments devoid of lysosomal markers in monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes respectively. The entry of these bacteria requires host phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma2 and protein tyrosine kinases, but their entry route is still unclear. Here, using specific inhibitors, double immunofluorescence labelling and the fractionation of lipid rafts, we demonstrate that bacterial entry and intracellular infection involve cholesterol-rich lipid rafts or caveolae and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. By fluorescence microscopy, caveolar marker protein caveolin-1 was co-localized with both early and replicative bacterial inclusions. Additionally, tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and PLC-gamma2 were found in bacterial early inclusions. In contrast, clathrin was not found in any inclusions from either bacterium. An early endosomal marker, transferrin receptor, was not present in the early inclusions of E. chaffeensis, but was found in replicative inclusions of E. chaffeensis. Furthermore, several bacterial proteins from E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophilum were co-fractionated with Triton X-100-insoluble raft fractions. The formation of bacteria-encapsulating caveolae, which assemble and retain signalling molecules essential for bacterial entry and interact with the recycling endosome pathway, may ensure the survival of these obligatory intracellular bacteria in primary host defensive cells.
BTB/POZ Domain Proteins Are Putative Substrate Adaptors for Cullin 3 Ubiquitin Ligases

Cullins (CULs) are subunits of a prominent class of RING ubiquitin ligases. Whereas the subunits and substrates of CUL1-associated SCF complexes and CUL2 ubiquitin ligases are well established, they are largely unknown for other cullin family members. We show here that S. pombe CUL3 (Pcu3p) forms a complex with the RING protein Pip1p and all three BTB/POZ domain proteins encoded in the fission yeast genome. The integrity of the BTB/POZ domain, which shows similarity to the cullin binding proteins SKP1 and elongin C, is required for this interaction. Whereas Btb1p and Btb2p are stable proteins, Btb3p is ubiquitylated and degraded in a Pcu3p-dependent manner. Btb3p degradation requires its binding to a conserved N-terminal region of Pcu3p that precisely maps to the equivalent SKP1/F box adaptor binding domain of CUL1. We propose that the BTB/POZ domain defines a recognition motif for the assembly of substrate-specific RING/cullin 3/BTB ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Metal ion binding to concanavalin A

Metal ion activation of saccharide binding has been studied for concana-valin A near pH 7.0. Although two metal ions, a transition metal ion and a Ca2+ ion, can bind, both are not required. Ca2+ alone, Mn2+ alone, or Ca2+ with other transition metal ions can activate this lectin. Only one Ca2+ ion per subunit or only one Mn2+ per subunit is sufficient. Metal ion binding was studied by magnetic resonance techniques and direct binding assays. Saccharide binding activity was monitored by following the fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferyl a-D-mannopyranoside. When Ca2+ binds to demetalized concanavalin A, the transition metal ion site is hindered. When Mn2+ alone binds to demetalized concanavalin A, saccharide binding activity is induced. A subsequent conformational change, not necessary for carbohydrate binding activity, covers the Mn2+.
Identification of resonant, two-electron, and interatomic features in K and L23 NEXAFS spectra☆

Abstract Experimental Cl K NEXAFS spectra for Cl− hydrated in H2O, and on passivated Al electrodes (below and above the pitting potential) have widely different spectral line shapes. Experimental K- and L23-edge NEXAFS data for the alkali halides and rare gas solids are compared with FEFF6 calculated results to optimize code input parameters, test code validity, and identify many-body features in these model systems. Differences are shown to arise from many-body shake-up and charge-transfer excitations. Although relatively small in the model spectra, the latter interactomic excitations are believed to be primarily responsible for the different Cl− line shapes on the passivated Al electrodes.
Burnout Among Public Service Workers: The Role of Emotional Labor Requirements and Job Resources

Current literature remains inconclusive regarding the adverse impact of emotional labor requirements on burnout. To address the discrepancy, this study revisited this relationship as well as invest...
Use of circular dichroism in analysis of mixtures of tetracycline and 4-epitetracycline and its application to assay of commercial products.

Mixtures of tetracycline and 4-epitetracycline were assayed utilizing the large difference in their circular dichroism spectra at 262 nm. The assay was evaluated using synthetic mixtures and applied to the analysis of commercial tetracycline hydrochloride capsules. The results obtained with the newly developed procedure compare favorably with a published spectrophotometric method. In comparison with other techniques, the proposed method has several advantages. It is specific in that it permits differentiation between tetracycline and its 4-epimer, permitting calculation of the actual level of each epimer. It is accurate and precise, having an average error of 2% for tetracycline detection and 3.3% for 4-epitetracycline. It involves a simple procedure that requires no prior separation of degradation products under usual use conditions. Furthermore, it is very rapid, requiring only the experimental measurements of ellipticity at 262 nm. and absorbance at 356 nm. The disadvantages of the assay are its inability to determine analytically the content of anhydrotetracyclines and the possible interference of these materials if they are present in large amounts. However, levels of 10% anhydrotetracyclines affect the assay for tetracycline by only 1%. In the analysis of eight commercial products, the tetracycline content varied from 92 to 111% of the labeled amount and 4-epitetracycline was present in amounts of 3-17%. When compared with a spectrophotometric assay that required prior separation of anhydro compounds, the method introduced here gave the same analytical results for tetracycline content in the various products.
Catholics and the Campaign for Women's Suffrage in England

Narratives about women and religion in Victorian and Edwardian society seldom addressed the world of the Catholic laity, leaving the impression that Catholics were unimportant in English history. Pushed into anonymity, they were easily misunderstood because of their religious sensibilities and loyalty to a church governed not from London but Rome. This was a church long subject to various forms of disability in England and with a membership of roughly 5 percent of the population around 1900. By then, objections to the Catholic Church as a foreign institution had lessened, but critics still labeled Catholics “a people apart,” viewing them as too disinterested in their neighbors' welfare to play a vital part in public life. So commonplace was this particular point of view that it obscured Catholic participation in social causes such as the hard fought campaign for women's suffrage. As often as journalists, suffragists, and members of Parliament debated enfranchisement in the years before and after the First World War, very little is known today about the role Catholics played in the struggle for women's rights.
Fully automated exact mass measurements by high-resolution electrospray ionization on a sector instrument

A method for the automated acquisition of exact mass measurements on the molecular ions of small-to-medium molecular weight organic compounds (200–2000 Da) is described. Molecular ions were generated by electrospray ionization (ESI) in either positive-ion (ES+) or negative-ion (ES−) mode, using a sector mass spectrometer under high-resolution conditions. Exact mass measurements were obtained by bracketting the molecular ion with ions from a reference compound, which was introduced into the instrument simultaneously with the sample. Scan setup, sample injection, data acquisition and post-acquisition processing, including output of final results, were fully automated and controlled by procedures supplied with the instrument. Results obtained by ES+ and ES− for a typical sample compound are presented and assessed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nodular cutaneous B-cell lymphoma of the scalp in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma frequently complicates human immunodeficiency virus type, 1 infection. Although extranodal disease is an important feature of this condition, the incidence of cutaneous involvement has not been determined. A review of 754 published cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 revealed an incidence of cutaneous extranodal involvement of 8.2%, approximately equal to that seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma not associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Lymphoma was the initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in two thirds of these cases. In particular, although the head and neck are commonly involved in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma not associated with human immunodeficiency virus, scalp involvement is uncommon in human inununodeficiency virus-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and we report the second case. The natural history and proposed pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are discussed.