cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Referred to a Hematologist for Anemia.

Abstract NHANES survey estimates the prevalence of CKD to be approximately 11% in the general population and 25% in the population over 65 years of age, and the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) associated anemia approaches 75% in Stage 5 CKD. Despite the high prevalence of CKD, and its strong association with anemia, many patients diagnosed with anemia and referred to a hematologist for evaluation frequently have the diagnosis of CKD overlooked, especially if one is using a serum creatinine to assess renal function. A more accurate method of assessing renal function and to appropriately stage CKD is the use of an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) utilizing the modified MDRD equation. With the realization that CKD clearly has become known as a significant magnifier of cardiovascular risk (CVR), the importance of making the diagnosis of CKD has become quite apparent. Hypothesis: Patients referred to a hematologist for evaluation of anemia represent a population enriched with CKD. A retrospective chart audit was performed on patients being referred to a hematology practice from community physicians for the evaluation of anemia from January 2004 through December 31, 2005. All patients with a prior knowledge of CKD and a history of malignancy or myelodysplastic process were excluded from the study. The cohort consisted of 256 patients (37.5 % male and 62.5 % female) with a mean age of 67.56 ± 15.9 years. The mean serum creatinine was 1.16 ± .74 mg/dL with a mean calculated GFR by the modified MDRD (4 variable) equation of 69.9 ± 34.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. The mean ± SEM serum creatinine by stage of CKD in our patient population is: Stage 1: 0.67 ± 0.14 mg/dL, Stage 2: 0.92 ± 0.15 mg/dL, Stage 3: 1.40 ± 0.29 mg/dL, Stage 4: 2.23 ± 0.53 mg/dL, and Stage 5: 5.2 ± 2.89 mg/dL. Conservatively, we defined CKD as GFR Prevalence of Abnormal Renal Function by GFR Frequency Percent GFR > 90 (Normal /K/DOQI* Stage 1) 51 19.9 GFR 89 - 60 (K/DOQI Stage 2) 97 37.9 GFR 59 - 30 (K/DOQI Stage 3) 95 37.1 GFR 29 - 15 (K/DOQI Stage 4) 9 3.5 GFR 4 1.6 *K/DOQI = National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative
Supramolecular biofunctional materials

This review discusses supramolecular biofunctional materials, a novel class of biomaterials formed by small molecules that are held together via noncovalent interactions. The complexity of biology and relevant biomedical problems not only inspire, but also demand effective molecular design for functional materials. Supramolecular biofunctional materials offer (almost) unlimited possibilities and opportunities to address challenging biomedical problems. Rational molecular design of supramolecular biofunctional materials exploit powerful and versatile noncovalent interactions, which offer many advantages, such as responsiveness, reversibility, tunability, biomimicry, modularity, predictability, and, most importantly, adaptiveness. In this review, besides elaborating on the merits of supramolecular biofunctional materials (mainly in the form of hydrogels and/or nanoscale assemblies) resulting from noncovalent interactions, we also discuss the advantages of small peptides as a prevalent molecular platform to generate a wide range of supramolecular biofunctional materials for the applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, immunology, cancer therapy, fluorescent imaging, and stem cell regulation. This review aims to provide a brief synopsis of recent achievements at the intersection of supramolecular chemistry and biomedical science in hope of contributing to the multidisciplinary research on supramolecular biofunctional materials for a wide range of applications. We envision that supramolecular biofunctional materials will contribute to the development of new therapies that will ultimately lead to a paradigm shift for developing next generation biomaterials for medicine.
Salvage Therapy with Combined Cyclophosphamide (C), Fludarabine (F), Alemtuzumab (A), and Rituximab (R) (CFAR) for Heavily Pre-Treated Patients with CLL.

The availability of new and active agents for treatment of patients with CLL has led to an evolution in treatment from single-agent to combination regimens, resulting in improved response rates and possibly survival. The focus in developing new treatment regimens is to attain as high a complete remission (CR) rate as possible and to eliminate residual disease in bone marrow. The FCR regimen has significant activity in both chemotherapy-naive and previously treated patients with CLL. Historic comparisons suggest a survival advantage for previously treated patients treated with FCR compared with F or FC. We combined alemtuzumab (A) with FCR to enhance the potentiation of mAb and chemotherapy in a phase II clinical trial for previously treated patients with CLL. The CFAR regimen consists of C-250mg/m 2 day 3–5; F-25mg/m 2 days 3–5; A-30mg days 1,3,5, and R-375–500mg/m 2 day 2, each 28 days for 6 intended cycles. Methylprednisone 125 mg on day 1 and hydrocortisone 100 mg on days 2, 3, 5 were given with each course for mAb premedication. Allopurinol 300 mg daily was given for tumor lysis prophylaxis. Antibiotic prophylaxis was TMP-SMX DS twice daily 2–3 days/week and valacyclovir or valgancyclovir through all 6 cycles and 2 months after completion of treatment. Blood CMV antigen was monitored before each course. To date, 66 patients have been enrolled. There are 44 evaluable patients; 35 were male, 24 had Rai high-risk disease, the median # of prior treatments was 4 (1–9), 36% were fludarabine-refractory, 91% received prior R, 20% prior A, 16% had prior FC, and 48% had prior FCR. Pre-treatment karyotype of bone marrow cells was done in 38, 17 had complex abnormalities (7=17p-; 7=11q-); 16 were diploid. The median age=58yrs(41-79), ALC=428k/μL(.04–320), HGB=11.9g/dL(8.2–15.4), PLT=126k/μL(14–349), and β2m=4.5mg/L(2.5–11.3). The CR, PR, and OR rates for the 44 patients were 27%, 38%, and 65%, respectively. There were 2 early deaths and 2 could not be evaluated for response. Higher CR and OR rates were seen in fludarabine-sensitive patients. Higher OR but not CR rate was seen in earlier-stage patients. Elimination of minimal residual disease by flow cytometry (
Oncology pharmacist's perspective.

The pharmacist’s role places them squarely on the front line of the benefit-risk analysis of drug administration. They are often the ones who explain the drugs to the patients and, in the process, supply part of the information about which patients must make an informed decision about their chemotherapy. This chapter presents the reflections of one oncology/pain specialty pharmacist.
Unidirectional edge states in topological honeycomb-lattice membrane photonic crystals

Photonic analogs of electronic systems with topologically non-trivial behavior such as unidirectional scatter-free propagation has tremendous potential for transforming photonic systems. Like in electronics topological behavior can be observed in photonics for systems either preserving time-reversal (TR) symmetry or explicitly breaking it. TR symmetry breaking requires magneto-optic photonics crystals (PC) or generation of synthetic gauge fields. For on-chip photonics that operate at optical frequencies both are quite challenging because of poor magneto-optic response of materials or substantial nanofabrication challenges in generating synthetic gauge fields. A recent work by Ma, et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.114, 223901 (2015)] based on preserving pseudo TR symmetry offers a promising design scheme for observing unidirectional edge states in a modified honeycomb photonic crystal (PC) lattice of circular rods that offers encouraging alternatives. Here we propose through bandstructure calculations the inverse system of modified honeycomb PC of circular holes in a dielectric membrane which is more attractive from fabrication standpoint for on-chip applications. We observe trivial and non-trivial bandgaps as well as unidirectional edge states of opposite helicity propagating in opposite directions at the interface of a trivial and non-trivial PC structures. Around 1550nm operating wavelength ~55nm of bandwidth is possible for practicable values of design parameters (lattice constant, hole radii, membrane thickness, scaling factor etc.) and robust to reasonable variations in those parameters.
Binding pose and affinity prediction in the 2016 D3R Grand Challenge 2 using the Wilma-SIE method.

The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) exhibits significant backbone movement in response to the binding of various ligands and can be a challenge for pose prediction algorithms. As part of the D3R Grand Challenge 2, we tested Wilma-SIE, a rigid-protein docking method, on a set of 36 FXR ligands for which the crystal structures had originally been blinded. These ligands covered several classes of compounds. To overcome the rigid protein limitations of the method, we used an ensemble of publicly available structures for FXR from the PDB. The use of the ensemble allowed Wilma-SIE to predict poses with average and median RMSDs of 2.3 and 1.4 A, respectively. It was quite clear, however, that had we used a single structure for the receptor the success rate would have been much lower. The most successful predictions were obtained on chemical classes for which one or more crystal structures of the receptor bound to a molecule of the same class was available. In the absence of a crystal structure for the class, observing a consensus binding mode for the ligands of the class using one or more receptor structures of other classes seemed to be indicative of a reasonable pose prediction. Affinity prediction proved to be more challenging with generally poor correlation with experimental IC50s (Kendall tau ~ 0.3). Even when the 36 crystal structures were used the accuracy of the predicted affinities was not appreciably improved. A possible cause of difficulty is the internal energy strain arising from conformational differences in the receptor across complexes, which may need to be properly estimated and incorporated into the SIE scoring function.
Examples of Innovative Digitisation Projects

There is great deal of uncertainty in the industry as to how digitisation should be approached. The previous chapters have laid the foundations for this and structured the topic. For motivation and illustration, this chapter presents innovative and successful practical examples for the pillars of digitisation developed in Chap. 6, not just from the automotive industry. The minibus “Olli” is an example of Crowdsourcing, 3D printing and Cognitive Solutions as the basis for autonomous driving. Preventive maintenance, transparency in the supply chain and eLearning at the assembly site are solutions from the area of Industry 4.0, and learning configurators and vehicle sales via the Internet are changing the customer experience in sales. Furthermore, an example is explained to generate additional revenue by marketing data and by arranging services for drivers.
Teacher preparation for emergent bilingual students: Implications of evidence for policy

Failure to adequately prepare teachers of emergent bilingual (EB) students could have devastating consequences for student achievement, EB reclassification, and eventually, high school and college completion. To enhance the policy discourse, we explore how teacher certification requirements relate to both EB student achievement and teacher self-efficacy in three states with similar EB student populations but disparate policies on ways to meet EBs' needs: Arizona, California, and Texas. To do this we ask: (1) How well do states prepare their teachers to meet the needs of EBs? (2) What knowledge specific to meeting EBs’ needs do states require their teachers to demonstrate? (3) How are these requirements related to teacher perceptions of their preparedness to effectively teach EBs? We find that there are marked differences across the three states in terms of how well they prepare EBs, and these patterns can be discerned from their teacher preparation requirements. Although teachers’ self-efficacy does not appear to be related to teacher training in the first three years of teaching, there is an advantage to more rigorous training over time. Implications for policy are discussed.
Reconfigurable monopulse radar tracking processor

In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable Monopulse tracking system. The system proposes dual-pulse PRI scheme to reduce blind range while increasing the maximum range of the radar. The system can track multiple targets in Track-While-Scan (TWS) mode with angular accuracy of 0.1 degree. The system is implemented on a board containing two kintex-7 FPGAs and two TI DSPs (6713 & 6678). One FPGA acquires data and performs down sampling. The other FPGA performs Digital Down Conversion (DDC), Pulse Compression (PC), Moving Target Indication (MTI) and Moving Target Detection (MTD). The 6713 DSP then applies Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR), plot cohesion and amplitude comparison angle measurement algorithms to MTD processed data for targets detection and angular error calculation. Customized software is developed in Visual C (VC) for the system which performs data association, tracking, online parameters' configuration and display processing results. The system is tested in real-time using an Off-The-Shelf Radar Echo Simulator. The Echo Simulator generates sum & azimuth difference IF signals, which are processed by the proposed system and target tracks are displayed on the Plan Position Indicator (PPI).
Faunal Diversity in Chaparral Ecosystems

Chaparral ecosystems, although known primarily for their rich plant diversity, are also home to a suite of diverse and unique animals, helping to make California’s Floristic Province one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world. The air, land, and freshwater habitats in chaparral ecosystems host nearly 400 species of vertebrate fauna and an unknown number of invertebrates. These species play important roles in maintaining ecological function which also provide ecosystem services for the large human populations that live in and amidst California’s chaparral. However, these human populations pose a threat to the faunal biodiversity of chaparral, putting these ecosystems at risk from loss of habitat, fragmentation, and disturbance. Preserving the integrity of chaparral systems for their human and wildlife inhabitants requires an understanding of the diversity of the species occurring in chaparral and the role they play in how ecosystems function.
Evaluation of moderator assemblies for use in an accelerator-based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy

The neutron fields produced by several moderator assemblies were evaluated using both in-phantom and in-air neutron field assessment parameters. The parameters were used to determine the best moder...
Exact algorithms for the minimum cost vertex blocker clique problem

Abstract We study the minimum cost vertex blocker clique problem (CVCP), which is defined as follows. Given a simple undirected graph with weights and costs on its vertices and r > 0, detect a minimum cost subset of vertices to be removed such that the weight of any clique in the remaining graph is at most r. We propose a new characterization of the set of feasible solutions that results in new linear 0–1 programming formulations solved by lazy-fashioned branch-and-cut algorithms. A new set of facet-inducing inequalities for the convex hull of feasible solutions to CVCP are also identified. We also propose new combinatorial bounding schemes and employ them to develop the first combinatorial branch-and-bound algorithm for this problem. The computational performance of these exact algorithms is studied on a test-bed of randomly generated graphs, and real-life instances.
Phenotypic and genetic introgression across a moving woodpecker hybrid zone.

In hybrid zones in which two divergent taxa come into secondary contact and interbreed, selection can maintain phenotypic diversity despite widespread genetic introgression. Red-breasted (Sphyrapicus ruber) and red-naped (S. nuchalis) sapsuckers meet and hybridize along a narrow contact zone that stretches from northern California to southern British Columbia. We found strong evidence for changes in the structure of this hybrid zone across time, with significant temporal shifts in allele frequencies and in the proportions of parental phenotypes across the landscape. In addition to these shifts, we found that differences in plumage predict genetic differences (R2 = 0.80), suggesting that plumage is a useful proxy for assessing ancestry. We also found a significant bimodal distribution of hybrids across the contact zone, suggesting that premating barriers may be driving reproductive isolation, perhaps as a result of assortative mating based on plumage differences. However, despite evidence of selection and strong patterns of population structure between parental samples, we found only weak patterns of genetic divergence. Using museum specimens and genomic data, this study of sapsuckers provides insight into the ways in which phenotypic and genetic structure have changed over a 40-year period, as well as insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to the maintenance of the hybrid zone over time.
Black Homebuying after the Crisis: Appreciation Patterns in Fifteen Large Metropolitan Areas:

Some have questioned the financial wisdom of homeownership and, especially, Black homeownership. This is understandable because the mortgage crisis dealt heavy blows to Black homeowners. One concer...
Investigation of Rear-Emitter GaAs 0.75 P 0.25 Top Cells for Application to III–V/Si Tandem Photovoltaics

A rear-emitter (rear-junction) n -on- p + device design was investigated for use in metamorphic monolithic III–V/Si tandem solar cells as an alternative to the traditional front-emitter (front-junction) n +-on- p design for potentially greater resistance to threading dislocation-induced performance degradation. A comparison of MOCVD-grown rear- versus front-emitter 1.7-eV bandgap GaAs0.75P0.25 top cell isotypes demonstrated as 30-mV advantage in W OC for the rear-emitter design. This reduction in W OC was determined to be nearly equally caused by a reduction in junction recombination current as well as reduced reverse saturation current from improved quasi-neutral region transport. These results suggest that the rear-emitter design may indeed be a promising pathway for application to metamorphic cells, including III–V/Si tandems, where achieving maximum voltage output is often hindered by elevated dislocation densities. However, further optimization of short-circuit current collection is needed to overcome suboptimal collection probability profiles that could limit the efficacy of such structures.
Characterizing User Responses to Failures in Aerial Autonomous Systems

Users are often the last barrier in the detection and correction of abnormal behavior in autonomous systems, so understanding what can be expected from users in various contexts is crucial to the performance of such systems. This letter presents the first study characterizing a user ability to timely report and correct autonomous system failures in the context of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (sUAVs). The study aims to explore the complex tradespace which designers will encounter when developing effective transitions of control in sUAVs. We have analyzed these tradeoffs in terms of accuracy and response time while manipulating several key contextual elements including subtlety of failure, transitions of control, introduction of noise in autonomous paths, and amount of user training. Results indicate that: 1) increased accuracy is achieved under longer deadlines without large delays in responses, 2) increased noise, user training, and user responsibility for correction lead to increased reporting times, but only increased user responsibility increased accuracy, 3) users, particularly those with additional training, wanted to remain engaged in failure correction even when such interactions were not requested, 4) asking users to fix failures that they did not report resulted in increased response times and reduced accuracy.
Speech and Language Disorders

The process of communication is a highly complex and multifaceted developmental skill. Communicative competence can be viewed as “ the development of separable but interdependent systems” (Hollos, 1977, p. 211) that allow persons to represent and express their needs, ideas, emotions, and beliefs in a variety of forms and levels. This chapter will present discernible aspects appropriate to assessing the dynamic, complex processes of communication, speech, and language.
Quantum semi-supervised kernel learning

Quantum machine learning methods have the potential to facilitate learning using extremely large datasets. While the availability of data for training machine learning models is steadily increasing, oftentimes it is much easier to collect feature vectors to obtain the corresponding labels. One of the approaches for addressing this issue is to use semi-supervised learning, which leverages not only the labeled samples, but also unlabeled feature vectors. Here, we present a quantum machine learning algorithm for training semi-supervised kernel support vector machines. The algorithm uses recent advances in quantum sample-based Hamiltonian simulation to extend the existing quantum LS-SVM algorithm to handle the semi-supervised term in the loss. Through a theoretical study of the algorithm’s computational complexity, we show that it maintains the same speedup as the fully-supervised quantum LS-SVM.
Rectal Indomethacin with Topical Epinephrine versus Indomethacin Alone for preventing Post-ERCP Pancreatitis – A systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background and Study aims: Recent studies have compared the utility of rectal indomethacin with topical epinephrine (IE) sprayed on duodenal papilla and rectal indomethacin alone (IS) to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) with conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of using the combination prophylaxis as oppose to rectal indomethacin alone. Methods The following database were searched for our systematic review: PubMed\Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. We included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. Primary outcome was incidence of PEP and secondary outcomes were adverse events and mortality. Results A total of 3 studies (all RCTs) with 2244 patients (1132 in IS and 1112 in IE group) were included. The IE group did not demonstrate any significant benefit over IS group in preventing PEP (RR: 1.15, 95 % CI 0.62 – 2.2), mortality (RR: 0.85, 95 % CI 0.22 – 3.24) or overall adverse events (RR: 1.3, 95 % CI 0.93 – 1.7). Conclusion The combination of rectal indomethacin and topical epinephrine failed to demonstrate any benefit over indomethacin alone in preventing PEP, decreasing mortality and overall adverse events.
A CASE OF NATIVE AORTIC VALVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS LUGDUNENSIS ENDOCARDITIS

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS). The spectrum of virulence ranges from mild to life threatening systemic infections. A 54 year old female presented with complaints of dyspnea, orthopnea and substernal chest pain. Her past medical history included bicuspid
9 – Engineering Materials

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the various engineering materials required for designing a product. These include metals, polymers, glasses and ceramics, rock and concrete, and composites. Metals are particularly important because they are relatively strong, good conductors of heat and electricity, and may be made relatively ductile (deformable without fracture) by controlling their structure. Polymers are relatively light, weak organic materials with low melting points that are held together by bonds that are covalent for the most part. Glass is an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Ceramics are polycrystalline inorganic solids. Both of these are held together primarily by ionic bonds. Rock and concrete are important engineering materials in the construction of buildings and other large civil engineering structures. Composites are combinations of two or more materials to give a product that has resultant properties different than those of the constituents. These materials are received in the raw form and thus require further processing. This involves several well-established methods including casting, forming, removal of unnecessary material, powder metallurgy, and joining.
Organic Potato Production

Organic crop production is founded in management practices that promote biodiversity, soil biological activity, minimal off-farm inputs, and restoration of ecological harmony. Organic potato production is on the rise in the U.S., with certified organic potato production acreage more than doubling from 8000 to 17,000 ac between 2008 and 2016, and organic potato sales increasing fivefold from $30 to $150 million over this same time period. The goal of this chapter is to provide crop management information to organic growers who are considering potato production and to conventional potato growers who are interested in select organic management techniques. Topics to be discussed include regulations, the transition from conventional to organic management, and cover crops as they apply to organic potato production. We will also describe how variety selection, nutrient management, pest management, vine kill, tuber harvest, and storage practices can be adapted to comply with organic production methods while optimizing tuber yield and quality. Recommendations provided in this chapter complement standard crop management practices, which are described in detail throughout the other chapters of this production guide.
Utility of Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange for Microlaryngeal Surgery.

OBJECTIVE Microlaryngeal surgery typically requires oxygenation and ventilation via either an endotracheal tube (ETT), jet ventilation (JV), or intermittent apnea with an ETT. Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) delivered by high flow nasal cannula has been reported as an alternative technique. This method of apneic oxygenation and ventilation allows for stable, unobstructed visualization of immobile laryngeal structures. We aim to describe the technique and characterize intraoperative parameters related to its safety. STUDY DESIGN Case Series. METHODS The electronic medical record was reviewed for patients who underwent microlaryngoscopy using THRIVE technique. Patient demographics, procedural details, operative parameters, and anesthesia records were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were reported. RESULTS A total of 53 patients underwent microlaryngoscopy using THRIVE as the sole method of ventilation, with 62% female. Median age was 51 years, and median BMI was 25 kg/m2 . Most patients were ASA class 2, and most had a Mallampati score of 2. The most common surgical indications were subglottic stenosis, vocal fold lesions, and vocal fold paralysis. Median apnea time was 16 minutes. At the end of case, median end tidal CO2 was 50 mmHg, and median minimum SpO2 was 95. Six cases required supplementation of THRIVE with JV or tracheal intubation for sustained oxygen desaturation. There was an increase in end tidal CO2 of 0.844 mmHg/min of apneic time. CONCLUSIONS THRIVE is a safe and effective technique for oxygenation and ventilation in microlaryngeal, non-laser surgery in appropriately selected patients. To ensure safety, back-up plans such as jet ventilation and microlaryngeal ETT should be available. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:587-591, 2021.
Shoulder muscle force and electromyography activity during make versus break tests.

Abstract Background Shoulder muscle force is commonly assessed during clinical examination using both an isometric “make” test against a fixed resistance or a “break” test where the examiner exerts enough force to break the isometric contraction. The purpose of this study was to explain the difference in force produced during these two forms of testing. Methods Data were collected on 25 subjects. Both shoulder external rotation and elevation force were measured over three trials, isometrically, for approximately 3 s, after which the examiner exerted enough force to move the arm. Surface EMG was recorded for the infraspinatus for external rotation and middle deltoid for elevation. Peak isometric and break forces, and normalized, averaged EMG data at peak isometric and break forces were compared with paired t-tests. Findings External rotation peak break force was 46.9% (SD33.6, range − 3% to 108.6%) greater than isometric force (p Interpretations There is a difference in both force and muscle activity between “make” and “break” tests. Clinicians should use a consistent method when measuring force and a break test will provide the maximum force. The cause of greater force produced during a break test is likely attributable to the brief eccentric contraction rather than greater recruitment. Future analysis will include examining the differences in make and break forces based on activity levels.
The Value of the Distal Radioulnar Joint Effusion in Diagnosing Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the role of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) effusion inaiding the diagnostic accuracy of central triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears on non-contrast MRI.Methods: 89 consecutive patients who had undergone wrist arthroscopy for ulna sided wrist pain in our unit wereidentified and their preoperative imaging reviewed. Two consultant musculoskeletal Radiologists independentlyreported the presence or absence of a DRUJ effusion and or a TFCC tear. The inter-observer variability was calculatedusing weighted Kappa tests. Two by two tables were constructed to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of reportedTFCC tear or DRUJ effusion on MRI in correctly diagnosing central TFCC tears identified at arthroscopy.Results: Sensitivity of MRI to report a TFCC tear was 0.56 and specificity was 0.79. Sensitivity increased to 0.89if either a DRUJ effusion or TFCC tear were seen on MRI. When observed together, the presence of both a DRUJeffusion and a TFCC tear seen on the imaging lead to a sensitivity of 0.74 and PPV of 82 when compared tofindings at arthroscopy. In the absence of both DRUJ effusion and TFCC tear, the specificity of MRI increased to 0.92.Agreement by the radiologists on the presence of DRUJ effusion was substantial (k value 0.67) and TFCC tear wasmoderate (k value 0.58).Conclusion: The presence of DRUJ effusion on MRI can further improve sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing central TFCCtears. The sensitivity of detecting a central TFCC tear on MRI scan when both a DRUJ effusion and a TFCC tear wereseen (0.74) is comparable to rates demonstrated on MRA meta-analysis results (0.78). Furthermore, considering theabsence of both a DRUJ effusion and TFCC tear seen on MRI is useful in excluding the presence of a TFCC tear atarthroscopy.Level of evidence: III
Case Series of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation Treated with Buprenorphine.

Author(s): Spaderna, Max; Bennett, Melanie; Arnold, Rachel; Weintraub, Eric | Abstract: Introduction: Buprenorphine benefits patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the emergency department (ED), but its efficacy for OUD patients with suicidal ideation (SI) in the ED is unknown.Case Series: We present a case series of 14 OUD patients with SI who were given buprenorphine and a referral to outpatient substance use treatment in the ED. All experienced SI resolution, engaged with outpatient services, and remained in outpatient substance use treatment 30 days after ED discharge.Conclusion: Our data provide evidence for the feasibility of starting buprenorphine in OUD patients with SI in the ED, and suggest that buprenorphine may be useful in helping to resolve SI for these patients. Future research with larger samples is needed.
Machine learned features from density of states for accurate adsorption energy prediction.

Materials databases generated by high-throughput computational screening, typically using density functional theory (DFT), have become valuable resources for discovering new heterogeneous catalysts, though the computational cost associated with generating them presents a crucial roadblock. Hence there is a significant demand for developing descriptors or features, in lieu of DFT, to accurately predict catalytic properties, such as adsorption energies. Here, we demonstrate an approach to predict energies using a convolutional neural network-based machine learning model to automatically obtain key features from the electronic density of states (DOS). The model, DOSnet, is evaluated for a diverse set of adsorbates and surfaces, yielding a mean absolute error on the order of 0.1 eV. In addition, DOSnet can provide physically meaningful predictions and insights by predicting responses to external perturbations to the electronic structure without additional DFT calculations, paving the way for the accelerated discovery of materials and catalysts by exploration of the electronic space. Computational catalysis would strongly benefit from general descriptors applicable for predicting adsorption energetics. Here the authors propose a machine-learning approach for adsorption energy predictions based on learning the relevant descriptors in a surface atom's density of states as part of the training.
Acute Kidney Injury in Post-Lung Transplant Patients a Single Center Retrospective Review

Purpose Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly recognized as a common post-operative complication of lung transplantation (LT). AKI incidence and severity in LT recipients has been associated with higher cost and decreased post-operative survival. To date, no study has evaluated early post-operative AKI and post-operative outcomes. We sought to evaluate the incidence of AKI in our LT program and to identify associated factors for possible intervention. Methods This study is a single center retrospective review conducted from January 2015 to March 2019 under institutional review board approval at our institution. Patients with multi-organ transplants, re-transplants, and patients who expired within 30 days of transplant were excluded. 171 patients were identified and 153 qualified for review. Our protocol adapted RIFLE criteria to identify post-operative AKI. Statistical analysis was completed analyzing incidence of AKI from post-operative days 1 to 14, with subgroup analyses of days 1 to 7 and 8 to 14. AKI status was compared with pre-specified individual covariates using Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression models with AKI status as the outcome and each covariate as the predictor. All calculations were performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results Post-operative AKI incidence was 36.6%, and ESRD incidence was 9.8% between the years of 2015 and 2019. Survival at one year (p=0.024) and 5 years (p=0.038) following LT was significantly lower in patients with early post-operative AKI. African American recipients (p=0.014), bilateral transplant recipients (p=0.005), and those transplanted on cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.018) were all more likely to have post-op AKI. Use of vasopressors, longer operative times, and the need for blood products within the first 24 hours of LT were also associated with AKI. The majority of renal injury occurred within the first 7 post-operative days. Conclusion Early post-operative AKI is associated with decreased 1 year and long term survival. Additionally, we identified the first 7 post-operative days to be the most likely time for patients to develop renal injury. We identified variables associated with renal hypoperfusion to be major risk factors for post-op AKI. We also identified susceptible patient populations and operative interventions associated with AKI.
Energetics and kinetics of various cyano radical hydrogen abstractions.

The cyano radical (CN) is an abundant, open-shell molecule found in a variety of environments, including the atmosphere, the interstellar medium and combustion processes. In these environments, it often reacts with small, closed-shell molecules via hydrogen abstraction. Both carbon and nitrogen atoms of the cyano radical are reactive sites, however the carbon is more reactive with reaction barrier heights generally between 2–15 kcal mol−1 lower than those of the analogous nitrogen. The CN + HX → HCN/HNC + X, with X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F, SiH3, PH2, SH, Cl, C2H, CN reactions have been studied at a high-level of theory, including CCSD(T)-F12a. Furthermore, kinetics were obtained over the 100–1000 K temperature range, showing excellent agreement with those rate constants that have been determined experimentally.
Engaging Darryl Robinson’s Justice in Extreme Cases: Introduction to the Symposium

This symposium introduction provides an overview of the issues raised by fourteen scholars of international criminal law as they engage with Darryl Robinson's excellent book, Justice in Extreme Cases: Criminal Law Theory Meets International Criminal Law.
“Radical edits”: anarchiving qualitative research

With waves of fake news, many see the truth in decline. The resulting “post-truth” panic provokes methodological defensiveness, heightening scrutiny over what qualifies as qualitative research. At ...
Detection of allele-specific expression in spatial transcriptomics with spASE

Allele-specific expression (ASE), or the preferential expression of one allele, can be observed in transcriptomics data from early development throughout the lifespan. However, the prevalence of spatial and cell type-specific ASE variation remains unclear. Spatial transcriptomics technologies permit the study of spatial ASE patterns genome-wide at near-single-cell resolution. However, the data are highly sparse, and confounding between cell type and spatial location present further statistical challenges. Here, we introduce spASE (https://github.com/lulizou/spase), a computational framework for detecting spatial patterns in ASE within and across cell types from spatial transcriptomics data. To tackle the challenge presented by the low signal to noise ratio due to the sparsity of the data, we implement a spatial smoothing approach that greatly improves statistical power. We generated Slide-seqV2 data from the mouse hippocampus and detected ASE in X-chromosome genes, both within and across cell type, validating our ability to recover known ASE patterns. We demonstrate that our method can also identify cell type-specific effects, which we find can explain the majority of the spatial signal for autosomal genes. The findings facilitated by our method provide new insight into the uncharacterized landscape of spatial and cell type-specific ASE in the mouse hippocampus.
Intracranial Hemorrhage in Association with Thrombolysis: Multiple Causes and Risk Factors (No Simple Answer)

The simple view to account for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in acute stroke patients treated with thrombolytic agents has been reperfusion bleeding into an area of infarcted tissue from an occluded, then recanalized, artery weakened by an ischemic insult. However, the emerging data from the acute myocardial infarction (MI) and the acute stroke studies suggest that the origin of ICH may be more complex. The occurrence of symptomatic, even debilitating ICH in the setting of thrombolytic therapy for acute MI and for acute stroke is the major safety concern.
Applications of the Theory of Discourse Structure to Concept Anaphora and VP Ellipsis

In this chapter I apply the theory of discourse structure elaborated in the previous two chapters to concept anaphora. The semantics and discourse effects of parallelism and contrast as well as other rhetorical relations will play an important role in the analysis of concept anaphora. Discourse parallelism and contrast are natural extensions of syntactic intra-sentential constraints that many researchers have claimed guide anaphoric processes like VP ellipsis.1 The discourse constraints, however, are needed to handle examples of VP ellipsis that other theories cannot analyze.
The Tripartite Theory of Machiavellian Morality: Judgment, Influence, and Conscience as Distinct Moral Adaptations

Morality encompasses complex, multidimensional phenomena spanning diverse content areas. In this chapter, we propose a tripartite theory of Machiavellian morality in which moral judgment, moral influence, and moral conscience are functionally distinct moral adaptations. Moral judgment is an adaptation designed to determine how exploitative or benefit-bestowing a conspecific is and to use that information when choosing relationship partners. Moral influence is designed to identify the most cost-effective means of altering the future behavior of others to be less cost-inflicting and more benefit-bestowing. Moral conscience is an adaptation designed to guide one’s own behavior toward others to strategically avoid ramifications from other’s moral judgment and influence mechanisms. Two examples, sexual infidelity and property theft, are used to illustrate the application of a tripartite framework of Machiavellian morality. Finally, we discuss the potential for this framework to clarify the ambiguity within morality literature and to refocus attention on novel areas of research.
Algorithm for Selecting either an Overlay or Flat Route Based on the Amount of the Delay Measurement Load on the Home Agent in a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Network

In a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), two alternative routes are available: a Home Agent (HA) route (overlay route), and a direct communication route (flat route), which does not pass through the HA and is determined using the Return Routability procedure. The flat route is not always optimal when handover frequencies are taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to select either the overlay or flat rate based on the particular communication situation. This paper proposes a communication route selection algorithm that is suitable of an HMIPv6 configuration, in which the route to be used is selected based on the packet delay measurement of each route. The algorithm's effectiveness has been verified through a simulation of its operation, and the evaluation of the reduction in the number of delay measurement packets arriving at the HA.
A fast quasi-Newton adaptive filtering algorithm

An adaptive filtering algorithm is introduced which is largely immune to the deleterious effects of colored inputs, yet requires only O(N) computation. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate that the proposed algorithm's performance is comparable to RLS (recursive least squares), and that it is quite robust with respect to finite-wordlength implementation. >
Some stability properties of recurrent neural networks

Stability properties of recurrent neural networks are investigated using Lyapunov stability theory and functional analytic means. Sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability and exponentially asymptotic stability of equilibrium points of a class of recurrent neural networks are provided. The results obtained can be applied when recurrent neural networks are used as computation models, in particular as optimization models. The results may also be used as stability analysis tools for some class of nonlinear control systems.
The Educational Interaction between Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Students

The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of shared learning in U.S. physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) education programs; determine what terminology is used for these courses; and identify perceived barriers, benefits, and challenges of the educational interactions. A survey, designed to collect information about the educational interaction between PT and OT students, was mailed to all program directors (n = 206) at each of the academic institutions (N = 103) in the United States with accredited or developing entry-level programs in PT and OT. A census study was conducted, and the entire study population received a survey. A total of 206 surveys were mailed, and 123 were retured (59.7% response rate). Of program directors, 40 (67.8%) of the PT and 42 (65.6%) of the OT program directors reported that their students shared courses with each other. None of the PT and only 8 (12.5%) of the OT directors reported that students shared clinical experiences. The term interdisciplinary was used most frequently to refer to shared educational experiences. Benefits of shared learning included sharing resources, collaboration, learning about the other profession, and gaining respect for the other profession. Challenges to shared learning included resource constraints, curricular differences, competition and differences between disciplines, relevance of course work, and different faculty expectations. Barriers reported by program directors whose students did not engage in interdisciplinary education were resource constraints, curricular differences, faculty attitude, and failure of past attempts. A model of interdisciplinary education that seeks to instill collaboration and understanding among professions is difficult to implement without shared clinical experiences. Most students in entry-level PT and OT programs in the United States do not currently have the opportunity to practice the teamwork that will be essential when they enter their respective professions.
The Legal-Political Barriers to Ramping up Hydro

Hydroelectric energy is the oldest major source of non-carbon, renewable energy and is the only conventional renewable resource in the current energy mix. More importantly, hydroelectric energy is a relatively climate friendly, non-carbon source of energy. Thus, increased generation of blue-green energy would seem a logical component of any policy designed to help wean the United States from its growing dependence on politically unstable hydrocarbon sources and to help mitigate global climate change. For example, increased hydroelectric generation has been identified as a source of emission credits for coal CO2 emissions because hydro does not produce significant greenhouse gases.
Effects of weather and landscape on the equine West Nile virus infection risk in Mississippi, USA

The West Nile virus (WNv) continues to be a public health concern in North America. Dry weather appears to increase human WNv infection risks, but it is uncertain whether dry weather conditions exert similar effects on the corresponding equine WNv infection. This study assessed the effects of precipitation of the previous year and land cover diversity on the equine WNv risk of Mississippi, USA, at the county level in the year 2002 using Bayesian hierarchical models. The risk estimated for 2002 was found to be inversely related to annual precipitation of the preceding year. Equine WNv risks were lower with greater land cover diversity probably due to the diluting effects of biodiversity. Correlation between the equine and human WNv risks was positive but relatively low. Dry weather conditions of the previous year might reduce mosquito competitors and predators and subsequently increase mosquito abundances and equine WNv risks in agricultural areas with low biodiversity.