cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation of Hirano bodies in Dictyostelium and mammalian cells induced by expression of a modified form of an actin-crosslinking protein.

We report the serendipitous development of the first cultured cell models of Hirano bodies. Myc-epitope-tagged forms of the 34 kDa actin bundling protein (amino acids 1-295) and the CT fragment (amino acids 124-295) of the 34 kDa protein that exhibits activated actin binding and calcium-insensitive actin filament crosslinking activity were expressed in Dictyostelium and mammalian cells to assess the behavior of these modified forms in vivo. Dictyostelium cells expressing the CT-myc fragment: (1) form ellipsoidal regions that contain ordered assemblies of F-actin, CT-myc, myosin II, cofilin and α-actinin; (2) grow and develop more slowly than wildtype, but produce normal morphogenetic structures; (3) perform pinocytosis and phagocytosis normally; and (4) produce a level of total actin equivalent to wildtype, but a higher level of F-actin. The paracrystalline inclusions bear a striking resemblance to Hirano bodies, which are associated with a number of pathological conditions. Furthermore, expression of the CT fragment in murine L cells results in F-actin rearrangements characterized by loss of stress fibers, accumulation of numerous punctate foci, and large perinuclear aggregates, the Hirano bodies. Thus, failure to regulate the activity and/or affinity of an actin crosslinking protein can provide a signal for formation of Hirano bodies. More generally, formation of Hirano bodies is a cellular response to or a consequence of aberrant function of the actin cytoskeleton. The results reveal that formation of Hirano bodies is not necessarily related to cell death. These cultured cell models should facilitate studies of the biochemistry, genetics and physiological effects of Hirano bodies.
Response to Economic Incentive by Abakaliki Rice Farmers in Eastern Nigeria

The study reported in this article dealt with the introduction and subsequent expansion of a new crop, rice, into the Abakaliki area of Eastern Nigeria, where yams had for centuries been the chief crop, and with the economic response of the small farmers in the area. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that these farmers respond to economic incentives by allocating very efficiently the factors of production at their disposal, and with the hypothesis that their investment decisions tend to maximize returns to scarce resources. The economics of rotation explains the rapid adoption and expansion of rice production. It appears, however, that the initial development impact of rice is exhausted, and only the introduction of a bundle of new, profitable factors of production will give further impetus to development.
On situating documents: Notes toward a descriptive and analytical framework

As a means of understanding and evaluating typographic documents as objects of design and instances of language in use, a descriptive and analytical framework is put forth. Identified as 'constructive factors' are formal characteristics of text and format, requirements of production and use, and contextual variables. The ways in which these factors might interrelate is examined briefly, and it is suggested that the most typical dynamic is that in which the stylistic requirement of idiomatically appropriate form is largely determined by a document's situational context. Typographic competency is then defined as the ability to match formal idiom to situation and to further model the idiom in response to situational specifics.
Advancing Identity Theory: Examining the Relationship between Activated Identities and Behavior in Different Social Contexts

This study advances identity theory by testing the impact of (moral) identity activation on behavior in different social contexts. At a large southwestern university, 343 undergraduate students com...
Reduced spatial integration in the ventral visual cortex underlies face recognition deficits in developmental prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is characterized by deficits in face recognition without gross brain abnormalities. However, the neural basis of DP is not well understood. We measured population receptive fields (pRFs) in ventral visual cortex of DPs and typical adults to assess the contribution of spatial integration to face processing. While DPs showed typical retinotopic organization of ventral visual cortex and normal pRF sizes in early visual areas, we found significantly reduced pRF sizes in face-selective regions and in intermediate areas hV4 and VO1. Across both typicals and DPs, face recognition ability correlated positively with pRF size in both face-selective regions and VO1, whereby participants with larger pRFs perform better. However, face recognition ability is correlated with both pRF size and ROI volume only in face-selective regions. These findings suggest that smaller pRF sizes in DP may reflect a deficit in spatial integration affecting holistic processing required for face recognition.
Using health information exchanges to calculate clinical quality measures: A study of barriers and facilitators.

Abstract Background A key motivation for the large national investment in electronic health record systems is to promote electronic reporting of quality measures that can be used as the basis for moving to value-based payment. Given the fragmented delivery system, robust quality reporting requires aggregating data across sites of care. Health information exchanges (HIEs) have emerged to facilitate exchange of clinical data across provider organizations and, therefore, should be well-positioned to support clinical quality measure reporting. Methods By interviewing representatives from 36 HIEs across the United States, we aimed to determine whether HIEs are capable of computing National Quality Forum measures for 6 cardiovascular disease preventive services. Results Eleven HIEs (30%) reported computing at least one CQM; six computed one or more of the measures, and no HIE computed a measure in each of the 6 areas. Barriers to computing CQMs included data quality, completeness, sharing, and transmission issues; organizational structure, maturity, and sustainability issues; and vendor issues. Conclusions The ability to compute CQMs at the HIE level is still yet to be developed; currently, very few HIEs are able to do so for a variety of reasons. As HIE services expand and HIEs mature organizationally, the viability and utility of CQM reporting at the HIE level will increase. Implications As the healthcare system migrates towards a value-based payment system these broad challenges will need to be addressed. Level of Evidence Cross-sectional semi-structured qualitative interviews
SPF 45: From the Top

In 2009, Zynga Game Network, Inc. filed a suit against Playdom (now owned by Disney). Zynga offers such well-known social games as Words with Friends, Farmville, and Mafia Wars (Arrington 2009, 2010). The suit, which was eventually settled on undisclosed terms (Morrison 2010, Nuttall 2010), also included several former Zynga employees who were hired away by Playdom. Among the specific claims made by Zynga were that Playdom illegally took: (a)The same proven techniques to attract and retain online users as Zynga has developed, (b) the trade secrets and commercially valuable non-public proprietary data, techniques and methods for successfully developing, coding, improving, marketing, and monetizing online social games which Zynga has innovated and devised. (Zynga Complaint, p. 2)
Human Resources and Population Growth

I take as the principal purpose of this assignment the identification of the frontier aspects of current policy problems of this general topic, both in terms of nations that have achieved a high degree of industrialisation and nations that are pursuing that goal.
Assessing the Value of Novel Habitats to Snail Kites through Foraging Behavior and Nest Survival

Abstract Novel ecosystems arise for a variety of reasons, most notably from the introduction of nonnative species. Understanding the interactions between traditional habitats, novel habitats, and species of conservation interest is important when planning successful conservation strategies. In the United States, the snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus is a federally endangered species whose population in Florida has undergone declines within the past decade. While studying the foraging behavior of breeding snail kites on Lake Tohopekaliga (Lake Toho), we discovered the unexpected use of disturbed ephemeral wetlands adjacent to the lake. These wetlands represent a novel habitat for snail kites; they would not have been viable foraging areas prior to the introduction of the exotic island apple snail Pomacea maculata. By examining the differences between snail kite behavior in traditional and novel habitats, we were able to identify some characteristics of novel habitats that may be important in determ...
Programming software-managed memory hierarchies

The past decade has seen an emergence of processors which deviate from traditional cache-based architectures by making use of software-managed on-chip local memories to stage data transfers. Examples are the ClearSpeed CSX600, the Sony/Toshiba/IBM Cell processor, and the Storm-1 family from Stream Processors Inc. These processors have demonstrated impressive gains in both raw performance and also performance per Watt over conventional cache-based architectures. Programming such processors has proven challenging, however, with current programming systems exhibiting a variety of shortcomings in expressiveness, extensibility, and portability. This thesis presents a portable, high-level language targeting this range of machines along with the associated compiler technology which permits such a high-level abstraction to attain performance levels on par with hand-coding. Further, low-level language support is introduced which, for the first time, overcomes the expressiveness and extensibility limitations of current languages to support the implementation of type-safe abstract data types, classes, and libraries on these platforms.
Normative Sample of the PEAK Relational Training System: Generalization Module with Comparison to Individuals with Autism

With the rising number of individuals diagnosed with autism and other developmental disabilities comes an increased need for effective assessment and treatment options. Previous research has indicated that applied behavior analytic techniques are among the most empirically supported and utilized treatments for this population; however, curriculum and assessment tools rooted in utilizing these techniques have very little empirical support for their reliability and validity. The current studies sought to assess the performance of both a normative sample and a sample with autism on one such assessment tool: The PEAK Generalization Module. Altogether, 183 typically developing children participated in study 1 and 84 children with a diagnosis of autism participated in study 2. The results indicated that the normative sample demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the PEAK Generalization Assessment and age, whereas the sample with autism demonstrated no significant relationship between the two. Further analysis indicates that the PEAK Generalization Assessment may be an appropriate tool for assessing individuals with autism across a wide range of ages, and provides a preliminary benchmark against which to measure both current functioning and progress in individuals with developmental disabilities.
Late-Onset Allograft Aspergillosis in an HIV-Positive Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

Aspergillus infection of the allograft in renal transplant patients is rare and associated with a high mortality. We report a case of a 21-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus-positive, deceased-donor kidney recipient who presented 1 year after transplant with oliguric kidney injury. A nuclear medicine renal scan revealed absence of flow to the transplanted kidney, and a urine fungal culture was positive for Aspergillus flavus. The diagnosis was confirmed with the presence of fungal hyphae along with thrombosis in the vascular structures in renal allograft pathology. We found no evidence of disseminated aspergillosis or involvement of any other organ in the patient. To our knowledge, this case is the first reported in the literature of late-onset non-disseminated renal-limited aspergillosis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive renal transplant patient.
Comparison of [18F]Flutemetamol and [11C]Pittsburgh Compound-B in cognitively normal young, cognitively normal elderly, and Alzheimer's disease dementia individuals

Abstract Background Understanding the variation in uptake between different amyloid PET tracers is important to appropriately interpret data using different amyloid tracers. Therefore, we compared the uptake differences in [ 18 F]Flutemetamol (FMT) and [ 11 C]PiB (PiB) PET in the same people. Methods Structural MRI, FMT PET and PiB PET were each performed in 30 young cognitively normal (yCN), 31 elderly cognitively normal (eCN) and 21 Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) participants. PiB and FMT images for each participant were compared quantitatively using voxel- and region-based analyses. Region of interest (ROI) analyses included comparisons of grey matter (GM) regions as well as white matter (WM) regions. Regional comparisons of each tracer between different groups and comparisons of the two modalities within the different groups were performed. To compare mean SUVr between modalities, and between diagnostic groups, we used paired t -tests and Student's t -test, respectively. We also compared the ability of the two tracers to discriminate between diagnostic groups using AUROC estimates. The effect of using different normalization regions on SUVr values was also evaluated. Results Both FMT and PiB showed greater uptake throughout GM structures in AD vs. eCN or yCN. In all dual-modality group comparisons (FMT vs. PiB in yCN, eCN, and AD), greater WM uptake was seen with FMT vs. PiB. In yCN and eCN greater diffuse GM uptake was seen with FMT vs. PiB. When comparing yCN to eCN within each tracer, greater WM uptake was seen in eCN vs yCN. Conclusions Flutemetamol and PiB show similar topographical GM uptake in AD and CN participants and the tracers show comparable group discrimination. Greater WM accumulation with FMT suggests that quantitative differences vs. PiB will be apparent when using WM or GM as a reference region. Both imaging tracers demonstrate increased WM uptake in older people. These findings suggest that using different amyloid tracers or different methods of analyses in serial brain imaging in an individual may result in artifactual amyloid change measurements. Clinical use of several amyloid tracers in the same patient will have challenges that need to be carefully considered.
The Sick Role: A Contemporary Analysis of Women, Alcoholism, and Gender Ideology

This qualitative study analyzes gender role ideology and how it shapes the process of addiction and pathways to recovery for women in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). More than 600 women’s stories submit...
Stratified Market Risk--An Analysis of Two Markets

This paper proposes a framework that decomposes the market risk into three components: upside, downside, and tail risk. Their risk premiums can be estimated using information from either the index options market or the stock market. The estimated premiums from both markets share two important properties: 1) The tail risk is highly priced; 2) Once the tail risk is excluded, the downside risk is barely priced. We also observe an important difference between the two markets: While the two sides of the market are priced highly asymmetrically in the index options market with all the equity premium attributed to the downside and none to the upside, the upside risk and downside risk both contribute significantly to explaining the cross-section of stock returns. Overall, our findings shed new light on the pricing of systemic risks and provide important evidence for market segmentation.
Nitrogen mustard-induced corneal injury involves the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway.

Abstract Purpose Nitrogen mustard (NM), which simulates the effects of sulfur mustard (SM), is a potent vesicant known to cause irreversible corneal damage. This study investigates the mechanisms by which NM induces corneal damage by examining the impact of NM exposure on the morphology and lipidome of the cornea. Methods Intact ex vivo rabbit eyes were placed in serum-free DMEM organ culture. NM (0, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/ml) was applied to the central cornea for 5, 10 or 15 min using a 5 mm filter disk and subsequently rinsed with DMEM. Corneas were then cultured for 3, 24, or 48 h before being fixed for morphological analysis or for 24 h before being snap frozen for lipidomic analysis. Results No morphological changes were detected 3 h after NM exposure. Twenty-four h after exposure, 1 mg/ml NM caused erosion of the corneal epithelium, but no damage to the underlying stroma. Damage caused by 2.5 mg/ml NM extended almost two thirds through the corneal stroma, while 5 mg/ml completely penetrated the corneal stroma. An altered lipid profile occurred 24 h after corneas were exposed to NM. Specific sphingomyelins, ceramides, and diacylglycerols were increased up to 9-, 60- and 10-fold, respectively. Conclusions NM induces concentration- and exposure time-dependent damage to the cornea that increases in severity over time. Alterations in the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway may contribute to the damaging effects of NM exposure.
Optimizing the Grafting Density of Tethered Chains to Alter the Local Glass Transition Temperature of Polystyrene near Silica Substrates: The Advantage of Mushrooms over Brushes

We measured the local glass transition temperature Tg(z) of polystyrene (PS) as a function of distance z from a silica substrate with end-grafted chains using fluorescence, where competing effects from the free surface have been avoided to focus only on the influence of the tethered interface. The local Tg(z) increase next to the chain-grafted substrate is found to exhibit a maximum increase of 49 ± 2 K relative to bulk at an optimum grafting density that corresponds to the mushroom-to-brush transition regime. This perturbation to the local Tg(z) dynamics of the matrix is observed to persist out to a distance z ≈ 100–125 nm for this optimum grafting density before bulk Tg is recovered, a distance comparable to that previously observed by Baglay and Roth [J. Chem. Phys. 2017, 146, 203307] for PS next to the higher-Tg polymer polysulfone.
The Effect of Hazard Clustering and Risk Perception on Hazard Recognition

Active mining operations are complex, dynamic environments that can present workers with an array of potential safety and health challenges. From missing fire extinguishers to large equipment and falling rocks, hazards exist that mineworkers must be cognizant of to keep themselves and their coworkers safe. While hazard identification is a key skill that mineworkers must possess to ensure workplace safety, the location and perceived risk of the hazards may alter this ability. To further explore these effects, NIOSH researchers conducted a study to characterize how mineworkers search for and identify hazards. Researchers asked participants to search 32 static panoramic scenes depicting typical locations at a surface stone mine—pit, plant, roadway, and shop—with each containing zero to seven hazards. Mineworkers tended to miss hazards when they were in clusters—i.e., where two or more hazards appeared within the worker’s central field of view. This paper examines the relationship of clustered hazards, perceived risk and identification accuracy and how location and experience affect it. Based on the results, strategies will be suggested that mineworkers can use to help identify hazards in their workplace.
Corneal Langerhans cell dynamics after herpes simplex virus reactivation.

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the progressive changes in the distribution of corneal Langerhans cells (LC) after reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice. METHODS: After corneal inoculation of National Institutes of Health inbred mice with HSV-1 and the establishment of latency, viral reactivation was induced by irradiating the ocular surface with 250 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet B (UV-B) light. RESULTS: Subsequent viral replication in the cornea was followed by the migration of the LC toward the paracentral and central corneal epithelium. These areas are normally devoid of LC. The number of LC in the paracentral and central regions of the eye reached a peak at day 14 post-UV-B irradiation. After UV-B irradiation of mice latently infected with HSV-1, the development of corneal stromal opacification and neovascularization closely followed the migration of LC toward the central cornea and paralleled the influx of T-cells into the corneal stroma. This pattern was not observed in irradiated uninfected mice. CONCLUSIONS: LC migrate centrally in the corneal epithelium after viral reactivation. There is a direct correlation between the number of LC in the cornea and the degree of persistent stromal opacification.
Some Future Trends in Solid State Ionics

The future uses of fast ion conductors as electrochemical sensors and actuators in feed-back control systems are examined.
Hardy’s Jude: The Pursuit of the Ideal as Tragedy

Virginia Woolf’s tribute to Thomas Hardy was written shortly after his death on January 11, 1928. In it she said: “if we are to place Hardy among his fellows, we must call him the greatest tragic writer among English novelists.” She goes on to assert that although it is “the most painful” and “pessimistic” of his novels, Jude the Obscure “is not tragic.”1 Hardy, himself, in the 1895 Preface to the First Edition of the novel referred to Jude as “simply an endeavor to give shape and coherence to a series of seemings, or personal impressions not of the first moment.”2 Superseding, however, is his later statement, which under the stimulus of the early critical attacks on Jude, identifies the novel’s central interest for him: the greater part of the story — that which presented the shattered ideals of the two chief characters, and had been more especially, and indeed most exclusively, the part of interest to myself — practically ignored by the adverse press.3
Flexibility of organization - basis of next development

Nowadays, there are many dynamic changes of market conditions and competition - this time is called the age of discontinuity. It is characterized by many changes, which can´t be foreseen. The outer milieu, where the organization is active, is called turbulent. In the past testified systems of management get old quickly and are not able to solve bigger and bigger problems. It is necessary to look for new methods of management, which can better react on the new situation. The firms, which are not able to react quickly, cant´t be succesfull in the competition. The managing subjects look for the solution in better organization and management, where the new organizational forms belong - flexible organizational structures. They help to solve many complicated tasks, difficult for preparation. They create conditions for the realization of the activites requiring better coordination, motivation, creative activity and constructive cooperation. They increase acceptability and of the organizations. Flexible organizational structures can have different forms and appearrance, for example structures with coordinator, strategic bussines units, network firms, virtual organizations, ameba etc. The conditions are created for project and process management. Strategic alliances come into being. The important of learning organization is growing. On the article, organizations with the influence in Germany and in Czech Republic are tested and compared. The flexible and effective organization can positive influence on competitiveness of enterprice.
Crack Saturation as a Mechanism of Acclimatization of Panel Paintings to Unstable Environments

This paper analyzes the process of crack saturation, which is fundamental to understanding why panel paintings have survived remarkably well in the uncontrolled environments of historic houses or p...
The Influence of Age on the Relationship Between Allergic Rhinitis and Otitis Media

To examine the relationship between otitis media, allergic rhinitis, and age. Otitis media and allergic rhinitis are prevalent conditions with a controversial relationship. Some data suggest that these entities are significantly associated, either through allergic rhinitis inducing Eustachian tube dysfunction or through allergic pathophysiology simultaneously occurring intranasally and in the ear. Other studies, however, have refuted this relationship. For example, treatment with antihistamines does not reliably improve OME, making causation and association challenging to establish. Age may have an effect on the nature of the relationship between allergic rhinitis and otitis media, by impacting both the individual conditions and their association. Epidemiological, immunological, and adenoidal studies have suggested that differences occur with age, and this review encapsulates the related data and publications. We begin by evaluating how allergic rhinitis and otitis media each are affected by age, then evaluate the role that age may have in the relationship between the two conditions. Adult and pediatric literature are evaluated so as to include the full impact of age across patients’ lifespan. Age induces changes in immunity, patterns of inflammation, and susceptibility to both allergic rhinitis and otitis media with effusion. Age may also be an effect modifier which impacts the nature of the relationship between these two conditions. The influence of age on the association between these highly prevalent conditions remains a topic of active study.
Particle packing and rheological property of highly-concentrated ceramic suspensions: φm determination and viscosity prediction

A model is proposed which is able to predict the maximum particle packing density (φm) over a wide variety of ceramic suspensions with very large difference in particle size/shape, particle surface chemistry, and solvent chemistry. This model provides a simple method to obtain φm directly through the use of a few viscosity-concentration data for a given colloidal suspension, rather than a best-fitting approach. The model is also capable of predicting the viscosity of a variety of ceramic suspensions under different conditions of shear. A comparison with some existing viscosity model is also presented.
Captioning and Grammar Learning in the L2 Spanish Classroom.

Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of captioning in second language (L2) comprehension and vocabulary learning. However, little attention has been paid to its potential in support...
Secrecy Analysis with Stochastic Geometry: Closed-Form Solution and Machine Learning

Several types of wireless communication networks can be well characterized by stochastic geometry. However, the secrecy issue in the SG context has not been well investigated. In this paper, an effort is made to combine secrecy analysis with SG. A new feature of the present work is the relaxation of integer path-loss exponents or their ratio. The theoretical challenge is described. With the aid of a recently found mathematical structure, several closed-form solutions are derived. Numerical results are presented and discussed. A case study of machine learning is also included.
Developing and implementing a culturally informed FAmily Motivational Engagement Strategy (FAMES) to increase family engagement in first episode psychosis programs: mixed methods pilot study protocol.

Introduction Despite the proven effectiveness of coordinated specialty care (CSC) programmes for first episode psychosis in the USA, CSC programmes often have low levels of engagement in family psychoeducation, and engagement of racial and ethnic minority family members is even lower than that for non-Latino white family members. The goal of this study is to develop and evaluate a culturally informed FAmily Motivational Engagement Strategy (FAMES) and implementation toolkit for CSC providers. Methods and analysis This protocol describes a mixed methods, multi-phase study that blends intervention mapping and the Promoting Action on Research in Health Services framework to develop, modify and pilot-test FAMES and an accompanying implementation toolkit. Phase 1 will convene a Stakeholder Advisory Committee to inform modifications based on findings from phases 1 and 2. During phase 1, we will also recruit approximately 200 family members to complete an online survey to assess barriers and motivation to engage in treatment. Phase 2 we will recruit five family members into a 3-month trial of the modified FAMES and implementation toolkit. Results will guide the advisory committee in refining the intervention and implementation toolkit. Phase 3 will involve a 16-month non-randomised, stepped-wedge trial with 50 family members from five CSC programmes in community-based mental health clinics to examine the acceptability, feasibility and initial impact of FAMES and the implementation toolkit. Ethics and dissemination This study received Institutional Review Board approval from Washington State University, protocol #17 812–001. Results will be disseminated via peer review publications, presentations at national and international conferences, and to local community mental health agencies and committees. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04188366).
Nationality and Fashionality: Hats, Lawyers and Other Important Things to Remember

The Persianate genre of the tazkira, or biographical compendium, typically concerns poets and Sufi saints, but a different approach is taken in Yadgar-e Rozgar, published in 1931 by Sayyid Badr al-...
Low-temperature thermal transport and thermopower of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors

We study the low temperature thermal conductivity of single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). In the low temperature regime where heat is carried primarily through transport of electrons, thermal conductivity is linked to electrical conductivity through the Wiedemann-Franz law (WFL). Using a k.p Hamiltonian that describes the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] valley edges, we compute the zero-frequency electric (Drude) conductivity using the Kubo formula to obtain a numerical estimate for the thermal conductivity. The impurity scattering determined transit time of electrons which enters the Drude expression is evaluated within the self-consistent Born approximation. The analytic expressions derived show that low temperature thermal conductivity (1) is determined by the band gap at the valley edges in monolayer TMDCs and (2) in presence of disorder which can give rise to the variable range hopping regime, there is a distinct reduction. Additionally, we compute the Mott thermopower and demonstrate that under a high frequency light beam, a valley-resolved thermopower can be obtained. A closing summary reviews the implications of results followed by a brief discussion on applicability of the WFL and its breakdown in context of the presented calculations.
An Investigation of Misinformation Harms Related to Social Media During Humanitarian Crises.

During humanitarian crises, people face dangers and need a large amount of information in a short period of time. Such need creates the base for misinformation such as rumors, fake news or hoaxes to spread within and outside the affected community. It could be unintended misinformation with unconfirmed details, or intentional disinformation created to trick people for benefits. It results in information harms that can generate serious short term or long-term consequences. Although some researchers have created misinformation detection systems and algorithms, examined the roles of involved parties, examined the way misinformation spreads and convinces people, very little attention has been paid to the types of misinformation harms. In the context of humanitarian crises, we propose a taxonomy of information harms and assess people’s perception of risk regarding the harms. Such a taxonomy can act as the base for future research to quantitatively measure the harms in specific contexts. Furthermore, perceptions of related people were also investigated in four specifically chosen scenarios through two dimensions: Likelihood of occurrence and Level of impacts of the harms.
Abstract PO016: Single-cell analyses characterize circulating anti-tumor CD8 T cells and identify markers for their isolation

The ability to monitor anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses in the blood has tremendous therapeutic potential. Here, we used paired single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to detect and characterize “tumor matching” (TM) CD8+ T cells in the blood of mice with MC38 tumors and melanoma patients using the TCR as a molecular barcode. TM cells showed increased activation compared to non-matching T cells in blood, and appeared less exhausted than matching counterparts in tumor. Importantly, PD-1, which has been used to identify putative circulating anti-tumor CD8+ T cells, showed poor sensitivity for identifying TM cells. By leveraging the transcriptome we identified candidate cell surface marker panels for TM cells in mice and melanoma patients, and validated markers in mice. Here, using combinations of markers provided better performance than single markers in identifying TM cells from non-TM cells in the blood. These data demonstrate that the TCR can be used to identify tumor-relevant populations for comprehensive characterization, reveal unique transcriptional properties of TM cells, and develop marker panels for tracking and analysis of these cells. Citation Format: Kristen E. Pauken, Osmaan Shahid, Kaitlyn A. Lagattuta, Kelly M. Mahuron, Jacob M. Luber, Margaret M. Lowe, Linglin Huang, Conor Delaney, Jaclyn M. Long, Megan E. Fung, Kathleen Newcomer, Katy K. Tsai, Melissa Chow, Samantha Guinn, Juhi R. Kuchroo, Kelly P. Burke, Jason M. Schenkel, Michael D. Rosenblum, Adil I. Daud, Arlene H. Sharpe, Meromit Singer. Single-cell analyses characterize circulating anti-tumor CD8 T cells and identify markers for their isolation [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PO016.
Identification and Prediction of Emerging Topics through Their Relationships to Existing Topics

Understanding the current research topics and their histories allow researchers to focus their capabilities on the current research trends. The field of topic evolution helps the understanding by automatically model and detect the set of shared research fields in the academic papers as topics. The authors propose a novel topic evolution method for identifying and predicting the emergence of new topics under the assumption that neighborhoods of new topics in the future have distinguishable structural features. Eight journals were selected from the Microsoft Academic Graph dataset, each representing topics networks with varying size, history, and research domains. Both retrospective classification and prospective prediction showed promising performance with classifications above 0.89 for six journals and coefficients of determination exceeding 0.95 for five journals. The result showed both the retrospective identification and the prospective prediction can be done, validating the assumption that topic evolution events can be predicted with a network-based approach.
Visuomotor information drives interference between the hands more than dynamic motor information during bimanual reaching

Abstract During complex bimanual movements, interference can occur in the form of one hand influencing the action of the contralateral hand. Interference likely results from conflicting sensorimotor information shared between brain regions controlling hand movements via neural crosstalk. However, how visual and force-related feedback processes interact with each other during bimanual reaching is not well understood. In this study, four groups experienced either a visuomotor perturbation, dynamic perturbation, combined visuomotor and dynamic perturbation, or no perturbation in their right hand during bimanual reaches, with each hand controlling its own cursor. The left hand was examined for interference as a consequence of the right-hand perturbation. The results indicated that the visuomotor and combined perturbations showed greater interference in the left hand than the dynamic perturbation, but that the combined and visuomotor perturbations were equivalent. This suggests that dynamic sensorimotor and visuomotor processes do not interact between hemisphere-hand systems, and that primarily visuomotor processes lead to interference between the hands.
Mutual Fund Fee-setting, Market Structure and Mark-ups

This paper develops a model to examine how mutual funds set fees charged to investors within a context of non–competitive market structure. The empirical evidence shows that the performance, age, size and cash ratio of the fund have statistically significant impacts on the mutual fund fees but, quantitatively, the majority of the fee is explained by mark–ups that funds add to the marginal cost owing to the market power possessed by the funds. Front–end load funds have the highest mark–ups, the back–end funds have the second highest, and no–load funds have the lowest mark–up.
The Challenge of Providing Evidence-based Transitional Care

Transitions in care are events that occur as individuals transfer between settings and providers of healthcare. The movement from a hospital to home-based care is a common example of a care transition. Due to common breakdowns between health and social care systems, continuing risks for acute health events, and the lack of support to manage complex treatments at home, between 15-20% of hospitalized adults are rehospitalized within thirty days of returning home. This high rate of hospital readmissions points up the need for transitional care services to address challenges in continuing care at home
Fundamental Concepts of Coding

When digital data are transmitted over a noisy channel, there is always a chance that the received data will contain errors. The user generally establishes an error rate above which the received data are not usable. If the received data will not meet the error rate requirement, error-correction coding can often be used to reduce errors to a level at which they can be tolerated. In recent years the use of error-correction coding for solving this type of problem has become widespread.
Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection Evaluation Methodology: Objectives, Accomplishments, and Future Directions

An overview is presented of the objectives, accomplishments, and potential future directions of the program on the evaluation methodology for proliferation resistance and physical protection (PR&PP) of advanced nuclear energy systems. The PR&PP Working Group of the Generation IV International Forum developed the methodology through a series of demonstration and case studies. The results of the evaluations performed with the methodology are intended for three types of users: system designers, program policy makers, and external stakeholders. During the past few years, various national and international groups have applied the methodology to nuclear energy system design as well as to developing approaches to advanced safeguards. We suggest some future applications of the methodology in this paper.
The correlation between findings on cardiac MRI and PET in patients with suspected cardiac sarcoid

1773 Objectives Cardiac MRI (CMR) and PET are established modalities for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. However, it is not known whether they are competitive or provide complementary information. This study assesses the concordance of findings on CMR and PET in patients suspected of cardiac sarcoid that had both tests. Methods A retrospective chart review of seventy patients who underwent both CMR and PET for evaluation of suspected cardiac sarcoid was performed. Clinical and imaging findings were recorded including: a priori diagnosis of extra-cardiac sarcoid; ventricular function and wall motion abnormalities; presence and location of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE); presence and location of uptake of FDG on PET. Results 45/70 patients (64 %) had concordant findings on CMR and PET; either similar areas of LGE and FDG uptake, or no findings of sarcoid. 17 patients (24 %) had discordant findings on CMR and PET. In 8 patients (12 %) concordance could not be determined because the findings were equivocal. 25 patients without known sarcoid had concordant positive findings on CMR and PET. 6 patients with known extra-cardiac sarcoid had positive CMR and negative PET. Conclusions 64 % of patients suspected to have cardiac sarcoid had concordant findings on CMR and PET. Positive CMR was more likely to be associated with a positive PET in patients without known extra-cardiac sarcoidosis. The high rate of discordance (24 %) suggests that the modalities provide complementary information and the utility of PET would be enhanced if the decision to commence steroids and/ or tailor therapy is predicated on FDG uptake, particularly in patients unsuitable for CMR due to placement of a device. Cardiac sarcoidosis is a difficult entity to diagnose due to lack of consistent gold standard, thus necessitating amalgamation of disparate information from disparate modalities.
Self-Control, Gender, and Age: A Survival Analysis of Recidivism among Boot Camp Graduates in a 5-Year Follow-Up.

Abstract This study of 572 male and 120 female graduates of a boot camp investigates the potency of self-control as a predictor of recidivism in comparison to gender, age, and elements of life-course theory. It also examines whether the effects of self-control on recidivism are commensurate within the categories of gender. Recidivism is defined as a felony conviction or parole violation in a 5-year follow-up period. Cox's Proportional-Hazards Models indicate that self-control, gender, and age are significant predictors of recidivism when they are considered separately, and self-control and gender remain significant predictors when they are analyzed simultaneously. Furthermore, analyses show that low self-control is a stronger predictor of recidivism among men than women. Low self-control is a significant predictor of recidivism after elements of life-course theory are added to an analysis that also includes age and gender. Implications of these findings for self-control theory are discussed.
Estimate μ, Variance Unknown

Consider X a random variable with probability density function N(μ, σ 2), which is the normal probability density with unknown mean μ and unknown variance σ 2. To estimate μ we obtain a random sample X 1, ..., X n from N(μ, σ 2). Suppose the mean of this random sample turns out to be $$\mathop s\nolimits^2 = {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\left( {\mathop x\nolimits_i - \overline x } \right)} ^2}/\left( {n - 1} \right) $$ (4.2) , which is a crisp number, not a fuzzy number. Also, let s 2 be the sample variance. Our point estimator of μ is \(\overline{x}\). If the values of the random sample are x1, ..., x n then the expression we will use for s 2 in this book is $${{s}^{2}}={{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{({{x}_{i}}-\overline{x})}}^{2}}/(n-1).$$ (4.1) We will use this form of s 2, with denominator (n−1), so that it is an unbiased estimator of σ 2.
Synthesis and Characterization of C‐N Thin Films Deposited on Si (100) Wafer by MPCVD

Carbonitride (C-N) thin films are deposited on Si (100) in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system using CH4, H 2 and N 2 as precursor gases. Effects of deposition parameters such as microwave power, gas pressure, and flow rates of precursor gases on the films produced is studied. Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy are used for characterization of these films. It is shown that the composition of films deposited depends on the starting precursor gas and pressure.
SMART: A Scalable Multipath Architecture for Intra-domain QoS Provisioning

The main concern with the IETF proposed Intserv architecture is that the use of per-flow routing and reservation state in the routers may not be scalable to high-speed backbone networks. This paper proposes the Scalable Multipath Aggregated RouTing (SMART) architecture that aggregates flows along multipaths such that the per-flow reservation state in the routers is reduced to a small scalable aggregated state whose size is dependent only on the number of destinations and flow classes. The SMART architecture can be implemented in current IP networks and the complexity is similar to the best-effort IP architecture.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Our approach to medical therapy for mild cases of IBS starts with a high fiber diet, fiber supplements, and antispasmodics. Stool softeners, osmotic laxatives, and antidiarrheal agents should be used as indicated by the predominant pattern of bowel alteration. In moderate cases, the use of the new serotonin receptor agents should be considered. Patients presenting with severe IBS should be initially managed with psychotropic agents and intensive behavioral modification. Concomitant obstructed defecation and symptoms of constipation should be addressed.
Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Methylases During the Germination of Neurospora crassa

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) methylases were studied during the germination of spores in Neurospora crassa. The total methylase capacity and base specific tRNA methylase activities were determined in extracts from cells harvested at various stages of germination. Germinated conidia have a 65% higher methylase capacity than ungerminated conidia. Three predominant methylase activities were found in the extracts, and the relative amount of each activity was different at the various stages. Enzymes from vegetative cells catalyzed significant hypermethylation of tRNA from conidia, whereas conidial enzymes were much less active on tRNA from vegetative cells. The results indicate differences in the tRNA methylase content and tRNA species of conidia and vegetative cells.
SEC14L2 enables pan-genotype HCV replication in cell culture

Since its discovery in 1989, efforts to grow clinical isolates of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cell culture have met with limited success. Only the JFH-1 isolate has the capacity to replicate efficiently in cultured hepatoma cells without cell culture-adaptive mutations. We hypothesized that cultured cells lack one or more factors required for the replication of clinical isolates. To identify the missing factors, we transduced Huh-7.5 human hepatoma cells with a pooled lentivirus-based human complementary DNA (cDNA) library, transfected the cells with HCV subgenomic replicons lacking adaptive mutations, and selected for stable replicon colonies. This led to the identification of a single cDNA, SEC14L2, that enabled RNA replication of diverse HCV genotypes in several hepatoma cell lines. This effect was dose-dependent, and required the continuous presence of SEC14L2. Full-length HCV genomes also replicated and produced low levels of infectious virus. Remarkably, SEC14L2-expressing Huh-7.5 cells also supported HCV replication following inoculation with patient sera. Mechanistic studies suggest that SEC14L2 promotes HCV infection by enhancing vitamin E-mediated protection against lipid peroxidation. This provides a foundation for development of in vitro replication systems for all HCV isolates, creating a useful platform to dissect the mechanisms by which cell culture-adaptive mutations act.