cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Radar Data into NOAA National Mosaic QPE System for Improved Precipitation Measurement: A Physically Based VPR Identification and Enhancement Method

AbstractThis study proposes an approach that identifies and corrects for the vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) by using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements in the region of Arizona and southern California, where the ground-based Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) finds difficulties in making reliable estimations of surface precipitation amounts because of complex terrain and limited radar coverage. A VPR identification and enhancement (VPR-IE) method based on the modeling of the vertical variations of the equivalent reflectivity factor using a physically based parameterization is employed to obtain a representative VPR at S band from the TRMM PR measurement at Ku band. Then the representative VPR is convolved with ground radar beam sampling properties to compute apparent VPRs for enhancing NEXRAD quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). The VPR-IE methodology is evaluated with several stratiform precipitation events during the cold season and is co...
A BASIC program for the estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters by the direct linear plot

Abstract The use of manual graphical methods for the estimation of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters as recommended by Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden (Biochem. J. 139 (1974) 715–720) was found to be impractical for large ( n > 5) sample numbers. A BASIC program providing the rank ordered coordinates of intersections, which correspond to estimates of K m and V max in the direct linear plot method, is described.
Combining multiple clusterings by soft correspondence

Combining multiple clusterings arises in various important data mining scenarios. However, finding a consensus clustering from multiple clusterings is a challenging task because there is no explicit correspondence between the classes from different clusterings. We present a new framework based on soft correspondence to directly address the correspondence problem in combining multiple clusterings. Under this framework, we propose a novel algorithm that iteratively computes the consensus clustering and correspondence matrices using multiplicative updating rules. This algorithm provides a final consensus clustering as well as correspondence matrices that gives intuitive interpretation of the relations between the consensus clustering and each clustering from clustering ensembles. Extensive experimental evaluations also demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of this framework as well as the algorithm for discovering a consensus clustering from multiple clusterings.
Translating Clinical Informatics Interventions into Routine Clinical Care: How Can the RE-AIM Framework Help?

Objective: Clinical informatics intervention research suffers from a lack of attention to external validity in study design, implementation, evaluation, and reporting. This hampers the ability of others to assess the fit of a clinical informatics intervention with demonstrated efficacy in one setting for implementation in their setting. The objective of this model formulation paper is to demonstrate the applicability of the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework with proposed extensions to clinical informatics intervention research and describe the framework's role in facilitating the translation of evidence into practice and generation of evidence from practice. Both aspects are essential to reap the clinical and public health benefits of clinical informatics research. Design: We expanded RE-AIM through the addition of assessment questions relevant to clinical informatics intervention research including those related to predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors and validated it with two case studies. Results: The first case study supported the applicability of RE-AIM to inform real world implementation of a clinical informatics intervention with demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) - the Choice (Creating better Health Outcomes by Improving Communication about Patients' Experiences) intervention. The second, an RCT of a personal digital assistant-based decision support system for guideline-based care, illustrated how RE-AIM can be used to inform the design of an efficacy RCT that captures essential contextual details typically lacking in RCT design and reporting. Conclusion: The case studies validate, through example, the applicability of RE-AIM to inform the design, implementation, evaluation, and reporting of clinical informatics intervention studies.
New-Onset Heart Failure in Association With Severe Hypertension During Trastuzumab Therapy

Abstract Heart failure is a dreaded complication of trastuzumab therapy in women with breast cancer overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2. Experimental studies have pointed out that the HER-2 signaling pathway is important in the adaptation to high afterload conditions and its inactivation leads to cardiac decompensation. Herein, we report on 2 patients with breast cancer who were receiving trastuzumab monotherapy and required hospital admission for new-onset heart failure. This occurred at a time of unprecedented blood pressure elevations, in one case due to cessation of antihypertensive medications and in the other case due to a scleroderma crisis. Although trastuzumab may not have been the precipitating factor for blood pressure dyscontrol in these patients, severe, uncontrolled hypertension may have been the precipitating factor for trastuzumab-related acute heart failure. These 2 cases add to previous reports recognizing systemic hypertension as a risk factor for the development of trastuzumab cardiotoxicity and translate experimental observations of the significance of the HER-2 signaling pathway to the bedside. Pending further confirmation, the present observations may raise awareness of the need for appropriate monitoring and control of systemic hypertension in patients receiving trastuzumab, or potentially any other HER-2–targeted therapy.
l-Canavanine Is a Time-Controlled Mechanism-Based Inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Arginine Deiminase

The mechanism for inhibition of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa arginine deiminase (PaADI) by the arginine analogue l-canavanine was investigated. Inhibition by this substance (kinact = 0.31 ± 0.03 min-1 and Ki = 1.7 ± 0.5 mM) is associated with the formation of a modestly stable S-alkylthiouronium intermediate, detected by using kinetic techniques and identified by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The electronic and/or orientation effects, caused by oxygen-for-methylene substitution in l-canavanine, on the rate of enzyme regeneration from the S-alkylthiouronium intermediate could serve as the basis for a strategy for the rational design of new slow substrate inhibitors of ADI.
The SEM as a Defect Analysis Tool for Semiconductor Memories

Defect and failure analysis of semiconductor memories is discussed, with emphasis on the use of the SEM in the voltage contrast mode as an analysis tool. The 4100, a 256 bit bipolar memory, was chosen as a vehicle for this study. Voltage contrast micrographs of defects and cell operation in this die demonstrate the usefulness of this technique for quickly locating and analyzing failures in large ordered memory arrays. Voltage contrast micrographs of the 4102, a 16 bit associative memory, are included to demonstrate extension of the technique to multi-level metallization structures.
Setting Yourself and Your Patients Up for Success: Utilizing Scripting in the OB Setting

Professional Issues Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program Every mother–baby unit must strive to provide excellent patient care, including excellent customer service. Unfortunately, patients can present with unrealistic expectations of hospitalization after giving birth to the infant. Nurses are challenged to deal with patient requests and demands, which may not be aligned with current best practices or be fiscally responsible (e.g., “I want my infant in the nursery so I can sleep,” “I'm going to breastfeed, but not until I get home,” or “I need two packs of wipes and another pack of diapers for my baby”). If not dealt with appropriately, patient satisfaction scores can suffer, mothers can be ill prepared to care for their infants at home, and/or finances can be negatively affected. Proposed Change To train nurses to educate and inform patients while utilizing scripting tools and customer service tips. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation This first step included a review of patient satisfaction scores, core measures, and budget. A focus group was assembled to address each issue and propose scripting tools to address areas of concern. Scripts were written and shared with staff. Over time, the unit saw an increase in patient satisfaction scores and exclusive breastfeeding, and a significant reduction in supply cost. Implications for Nursing Practice When provided with scripting tools, nurses can provide excellent patient care and excellent customer service while maintaining budget.
Sleep Apnea Is Independently Associated With Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Objective— Sleep apnea (SA) has been linked with various forms of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about its association with peripheral artery disease (PAD) measured using the ankle–brachial index. This relationship was evaluated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Approach and Results— We studied 8367 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants who were 45 to 74 years of age. Sleep symptoms were examined with the self-reported Sleep Health Questionnaire. SA was assessed using an in-home sleep study. Systolic blood pressure was measured in all extremities to compute the ankle–brachial index. PAD was defined as ankle–brachial index P =0.046). After adjusting for covariates, moderate-to-severe SA was associated with a 70% increase in the odds of PAD (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.5; P =0.0152). This association was not modified by sex ( P =0.8739). However, there was evidence that the association between moderate-to-severe SA and PAD varied by Hispanic/Latino background ( P Conclusions— Moderate-to-severe SA is associated with higher odds of PAD in Hispanic/Latino adults.
TTF -classes over perfect rings

For a ring R with unit, let RJ( denote the category of unitary left .R-modules. Following S. E. Dickson [3], a (non-empty) class 0> of .R-modules is a torsion class in RJ( if 8P is closed under factors, extensions, and direct sums. If, in addition, 8P is closed under submodules, then 0* is said to be hereditary. An example of a hereditary torsion class is the class 3~ = {A\ HomR(A, E(R)) = 0}, where E(R) denotes the injective envelope of R. This torsion has been studied in [8], [9], and [11] and, as noted in [11], coincides with usual class of torsion .R-modules whenever R is a commutative integral domain. In [9], J. P. Jans has established that if R is a right perfect ring in the sense of H. Bass [2], then 3~ is closed under direct products (i.e., 3~ is a TTF-class in Jans' terminology). The main purpose of this note is to show that if R is right perfect then every hereditary torsion class is a TTF-c\&ss (Corollary 1.6). To further point out the analogy between the class &~ and the usual torsion modules, we show that among commutative rings with non-essential singular ideal, integral domains are characterized by the property that &~ is the unique maximal element in the lattice of hereditary torsion classes (Theorem 2.2).
Safety and Hemodynamic Profile of Propofol and Dexmedetomidine Anesthesia during Intra-arterial Acute Stroke Therapy

Background There is limited data on the safety, hemodynamic profile, and outcome of patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) under sedation with dexmedetomidine (DEX) versus propofol (PROP). Methods Retrospective study of patients with anterior circulation AIS, who underwent IAT without intubation, and received either DEX or PROP between January 2008 and December 2012, was performed. Demographics, stroke treatments, time metrics, anesthesia, intraprocedural hemodynamics, vasopressor use, infarct volumes, recanalization status, and intracerebral hemorrhage were collected. Results Seventy-two patients met inclusion criteria, of which 35 received DEX and 37 PROP. There was no difference in baseline demographics, stroke treatments, successful recanalization, hemorrhages, infarct volume growth, good clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2 [19% versus 22%, P = .742]), or in-hospital mortality (18% versus 8%, P = .225) between DEX and PROP. The DEX group had lower intraprocedural minimum systolic blood pressure (103 ± 27 versus 114 ± 18 mm Hg, P = .032) and minimum mean arterial pressure (MAP; 67 ± 17 versus 77 ± 10 mm Hg, P = .006). More patients in the DEX group experienced episodes of hypotension (MAP P = .010) and had higher vasopressor requirement (phenylephrine: 1825 ± 2390 versus 491 ± 884 mcg, P = .007) compared to PROP. Conclusions There was no difference in good clinical outcome or in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing IAT for AIS using DEX versus PROP sedation. However, hemodynamic instability and vasopressor requirement were significantly higher in the DEX group. DEX should be cautiously utilized in IAT.
Broadly Distributed and Locally Enhanced Turbulent Mixing in a Tidal Estuary

Abstract Spatial variations of vertical turbulent mixing along a stretch of the Hudson River estuary are examined with focus on the vicinity of a “hydraulic control point” at the George Washington Bridge at which the cross section narrows and the thalweg takes a bend. Richardson numbers are lowered and mixing is enhanced downstream of this “modest” morphological feature, qualitatively following predictions based on hydraulic theory by Chant and Wilson. The enhancement in the viscous dissipation rate e is only a modest factor of 2–3, however, extending over 2 km along the river. Upon averaging over tidal and fortnightly cycles and multiple cruises, streamwise variations of e along the probed 15-km stretch of the estuary are surprisingly small, given that individual depth averages of e across the halocline vary by over three orders of magnitude. The principal result is that the observed part of the Hudson River showed strong broadly distributed mixing everywhere, with little local concentration.
Forces During Cell Adhesion and Spreading: Implications for Cellular Homeostasis

Cells adhere and spread by exerting forces against the cell membrane and against the extracellular matrix. Intracellular forces drive the membrane outward during spreading and stabilize cell shape in adherent and migrating cells. A balance of intracellular force with exogenous forces is required for maintenance of basic cell functions and cellular homeostasis. Here, we provide a multi-scale overview of the cellular machinery and intracellular forces at play during cell spreading and adhesion, including description at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. We describe the cellular machinery required for force generation, explain aspects of its regulation, and show how the machinery operates to direct a cell to a homeostatic target. The biochemical and biophysical events that dominate the process of isotropic cell spreading are examined and the process of spreading is explained as a series of distinct phases, each with their own force signature. In addition, we consider how intracellular force affects mechanical cellular homeostasis and maintenance of tissue structure and function. The disruption of cellular mechanical homeostasis is described in the context of two prominent disease states: cancer and atherosclerosis.
Ethics, Invention and Discovery

Kepler’s solution to the misery and confusion around him was to’ sink the anchor of his peaceful studies into the ground of eternity’. Should scientists and engineers be given the luxury of this kind of withdrawal from the world? Invention and discovery have transformed nature. To what extent do the agents who made these changes have to take responsibility for their creations? This question is cogently raised by novels like Frankenstein and Jurassic Park. In both cases, we have creators who are obsessed with inventing a way of bringing what was dead back to life. Dr. Frankenstein was initially obsessed with finding the secret to life; once he found it, instead of publishing it in a refereed journal, he decided to demonstrate his power by creating life. To Hammond, the entrepreneur in Jurassic Park, discoveries were incidental to the goal of cloning dinosaurs. Both were motivated by what Arnold Pacey has called ‘technological sweetness’ borrowing a phrase from Robert Oppenheimer, who “is famous for his statement that one invention used in the hydrogen bomb was ‘technically so sweet that you could not argue’ against its adoption” (Pacey, 1989, p. 81). Creating life, cloning dinosaurs—these are stupendous technological feats.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SPLIT PRODUCTS OF FIBRIN IN SERUM OF THE NEWBORN

The paper of Stiehm and Clatanoff,1 in this issue of Pediatrics, examines in a clear and highly productive fashion an extremely important problem in the management of critically ill patients and in the pathophysiology of coagulation. Hemorrhage in infection is a well established phenomenon; and, in the newborn with so-called purpura fulminans, it may be as disastrous as the now nearly forgotten Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. The infusion of suspended particles of the size of bacteria, or of soluble endotoxin, into experimental animals may also be associated with profound bleeding, and this has recently been ascribed to thrombocytopenia which may result from reticuloendothelial sequestration of particle-induced platelet clumps.
Children's Clinic.

673 by Mabel Dwight than in the work of all the others put together” [1]. Two of Dwight’s lithographs were chosen for inclusion in an exhibition of modern American printmaking at the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. The following year, two of her prints were sent to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The Metropolitan Museum of Art purchased a print, the first of her works to enter a major museum. Dwight’s drawings and lithographs began to be published in popular magazines. The increasing popularity of American prints was cut short by the stock market crash in 1929 and the Great Depression that followed. A second one-person exhibition of Dwight’s prints was held at the Weyhe Gallery in 1932. Sometime in 1932, Dwight made her well-known self-portrait. Quite different than her usual work, this self-portrait depicts a serious artist working on a lithographic stone. In 1933, the worsening Great Depression further curtailed the market for prints, and business at the Weyhe Gallery almost evaporated. At this time, Dwight’s artistic output gradually decreased, primarily because she was affected by serious asthma, which Children’s Clinic
LPN-BSN: Education for a Reformed Health Care System

Nursing practice has experienced a paradigm shift in health care delivery from hospitals to community-based models of health care. Nursing education must respond to accommodate the shift through curriculum reform. This article discusses a LPN-BSN program to promote educational mobility for LPNs while educating them for a reformed health care system. The needs assessment and curriculum implementation are discussed. Student comments and experiences are included throughout. Student academic support and recruiting which addresses the special needs of the LPN-BSN student are also described. The evaluation of the project thus far indicates student success.
Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Dysphagia in Acute Poststroke Patients

Dysphagia occurs frequently following stroke and may result in serious health consequences including pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, and mortality. Prevention of these negative health outcomes requires early identification and treatment of dysphagia. The speech-language pathologist, as part of a multidisciplinary team, holds the primary responsibility for selection of an effective dysphagia rehabilitation program for these patients. Because much research has focused on patients with chronic dysphagia, this review will focus on treatment of patients within the acute phase of recovery poststroke. Although some acute patients may experience transient dysphagia that resolves spontaneously, many will go on to develop chronic dysphagia that may be prevented with provision of early and intensive treatment. An overview of dysphagia following stroke will be provided with information regarding incidence, complications, evaluation, and causes of dysphagia. A thorough discussion of evidence supporting varying approaches to dysphagia rehabilitation will follow with inclusion of several current, novel, and experimental techniques. The importance of the multidisciplinary team and regular reevaluation will be emphasized as well.
Sociologists Working in Applied Settings

The Pacific Sociological Association's New Fields of Employment Committee has compiled a directory of sociologists working in nonacademic settings. The survey data on which this directory is based are used here to explore the varieties of work experienced by applied sociologists in the PSA region. These data raise a number of issues yet to be explored, which have immediate importance for an understanding of the relationship between sociology and nonacademic career paths.
Image of a President: Some Insights into the Political Views of School Children*

The map of the child's political world is slowly beginning to be filled in. The areas best filled in so far are his view of certain government officials (President, judges, policemen, etc.) and his understanding (or lack of understanding) of the operation of specific political institutions (legislatures, parties, etc.). Of all persons in government none is as well known as the President of the United States. Even at an early age children know his name and even his party affiliation. Best documented so far is the nature of the child's affection for the President. Apparently he enjoys the child's deep respect, admiration, loyalty, and even love. Some scholars have gone so far as to imply that he symbolizes nation, leadership, and father all in one. This being the case, it seems imperative that we ask: Is the President merely a symbol of leadership who will be loved irrespective of the political stands he takes, or is he seen as a genuine political figure who stands for specific political principles, legislation, etc.?
Fundamental Theory of Forced Power Oscillation in Power System

The fundamental theory of forced power oscillation in power system is explained by a single-machine infinite-bus power system model. The main factors related to the forced power oscillation are analyzed, and the forced power oscillation in the single-machine infinite-bus power system is verified by digital simulation. The theory of forced power oscillation in power system proves that the forced power oscillation may be caused by a sustained cyclic small disturbance in power system, and the resonance could be induced if the frequency of the sustained cyclic small disturbance is close to an inherent oscillation frequency, so that it leads to forced power oscillation with high amplitude. The amplitude of forced power oscillation induced by resonance is related with the amplitude of disturbance and the damping of the inherent oscillation mode. The higher the amplitude of disturbance is, the larger the amplitude of resonance is; the stronger the damping of the inherent oscillation mode is, the smaller the amplitude of resonance is. The behavior of forced power oscillation induced by resonance is similar to that of low frequency power oscillation induced by negative damping which is one of free oscillations, but the causes of these two types of power oscillations are different.
Compressive Experimental Study of Micro Piles by Concreting Method

In this paper,field tests were done to study the compressive bearing mechanism and compressive design method of micropiles.Study shows: in this experimental condition,single micropile can be regarded as friction pile to calculate the compressive bearing capacity;under the ultimate load,the bearing ratio of the soil under the cap of micropile group is only 4.8%,so calculating the compressive bearing capacity of micropile group cannot take into account the role of subsoil bearing;under compressive load,the bearing load of the angle pile is maximum,the side pile is the second,and the middle pile is minimum;in this experimental condition,the compressive pile group effect coefficient is 0.8.
Foot and ankle problems in the preadolescent and adolescent athlete.

Children have patterns of injury that are vastly different from those of adults. Preadolescents and adolescents with open growth plates do not sprain ankles or wrists and do not develop isolated joint dislocations. They undergo physeal-epiphyseal disruption or metaphyseal fractures from sports injuries. Among the other conditions discussed are stress fractures, Freiberg’s infraction, and Kohler’s disease.
Trade-offs between energy maximization and parental care in a central place forager, the sea otter

Between 1999 and 2014, 126 archival time–depth recorders (TDRs) were used to examine the foraging behavior of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) off the coast of California, in both resource-abundant (recently occupied, low sea otter density) and resource-limited (long-occupied, high sea otter density) locations. Following predictions of foraging theory, sea otters generally behaved as energy rate maximizers. Males and females without pups employed similar foraging strategies to optimize rates of energy intake in resource-limited habitats, with some exceptions. Both groups increased overall foraging effort and made deeper, longer and more energetically costly dives as resources became limited, but males were more likely than females without pups to utilize extreme dive profiles. In contrast, females caring for young pups (≤10 weeks) prioritized parental care over energy optimization. The relative importance of parental care versus energy optimization for adult females with pups appeared to reflect developmental changes as dependent young matured. Indeed, contrary to females during the initial stages of lactation, females with large pups approaching weaning once again prioritized optimizing energy intake. The increasing prioritization of energy optimization over the course of lactation was possible due to the physiological development of pups and likely driven by the energetic deficit incurred by females early in lactation. Our results suggest that regardless of resource availability, females at the end of lactation approach a species-specific ceiling for percent time foraging and that reproductive females in the central portion of the current southern sea otter range are disproportionately affected by resource limitation.
Induction of Negative Hematopoietic Regulators by Neurokinin-A in Bone Marrow Stroma

The tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides that share a common carboxyl terminus. Substance P (SP) and neurokinin-A (NK-A) are derived from the preprotachykinin l gene. Although SP and NK-A can bind to either NK-1, NK-2, or NK-3 receptors (R), they have preferences for NK- 1R and NK-2R, respectively. We have reported that SP stimulates erythroid (E) (burst-forming unit [BFU]-E and colony-forming unit [CFU]- E) and myeloid (CFU-granulocyte-macrophage [GM]) progenitors partly through the induction of growth factors. We have now investigated the hematopoietic effects of NK-A using short-term bone marrow (BM) cultures and found that NK-A (10(-7) to 10(-12) mol/L) inhibits CFU-GM proliferation but stimulates erythroid progenitors. Release of soluble factors by the stroma appears to mediate the inhibition because direct contact with the stroma was not required. We have found that NK-A, through NK-2-like receptors induces increased levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) (transcriptional and posttranscriptional) in BM stroma. Clonogenic assays with NK-A (10(-9) mol/L) and either anti-MIP- 1 alpha or anti-TGF- beta 1 indicate that these cytokines partly contribute to the inhibition, suggesting that these two negative hematopoietic regulators exert part of the inhibition by NK-A on CFU- GM. The findings of two closely related neuropeptides, derived from the same gene, exerting opposite effects on myeloid colonies suggest that neuropeptides, by themselves could be important factors in hematopoietic regulation.
The Hagiographic Landscape of Medieval Ravenna

This chapter examines the “hagiographic landscape” of medieval Ravenna, including the churches and cults dedicated to its saints as well as the wide range of writing produced to encourage their veneration. Following the history of texts about Saint Apollinaris, Ravenna’s first bishop and the city’s patron saint, the chapter investigates the flourishing of new hagiographic literature in the tenth century and the complex intentions behind its production.
Pad Surface Roughness and Slurry Particle Size Distribution Effects on Material Removal Rate in Chemical Mechanical Planarization

The ability to predict material removal rates in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is an essential ingredient for low cost, high quality IC chips. Recently, models that address the slurry particles have been proposed. We address three such models. The first two differ only in how the number of active particles is computed. Both assume that pad asperities are identical and nonrandom. The third is dynamic in accommodating changing pad properties. For larger mean particle size (diameter), the role of the standard deviation of particle size distribution is uncertain. The dynamic behavior of the third model is compared with experimental observations.
On the Existence of modulo p Cardinality Functions

Suppose that A = 〈A, …〉 is a first-order structure with a finite number of finitary relation and function symbols, and p is a prime number. We say that a function μ with mod p values is a mod p cardinality function if it is defined on the first-order definable subsets of A, A 2, … and it satisfies the following basic properties of the usual notion of cardinality. It is invariant under one-to-one first-order definable maps, it is additive with respect to disjoint union, it is multiplicative with respect to direct product, and the cardinality of singletons is 1. We show that if there is a first-order definable ordering of the universe then the existence of a mod p cardinality function is equivalent to the following statement: There are no two first-order definable equivalence relations Ф and Ψ on a (first-order definable) subset X of A i for some i = 1,2,… with the following properties: (1) each class of Ф contains exactly p elements, and (2) each class of Ψ with one exception contains exactly p elements, the exceptional class contains 1 element. (We will refer to this statement as the modulo p counting principle.)
Clarifying Confusing Science Rules, Vocabulary & Diagrams

Abstract While a wealth of research exists examining elementary teachers' and students' alternative conceptions about science and offering recommendations for teacher preparation to include an emphasis on supporting conceptual change, this article presents a useful compilation that serves as a go-to resource on some of the most common oversimplified rules, incomplete or misleading vocabulary, and confusing diagrams promulgated in science teaching that could lead to enduring student misconceptions.
Intrinsic disorder in spondins and some of their interacting partners

Spondins, which are proteins that inhibit and promote adherence of embryonic cells so as to aid axonal growth are part of the thrombospondin-1 family. Spondins function in several important biological processes, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc. Spondins constitute a thrombospondin subfamily that includes F-spondin, a protein that interacts with Aβ precursor protein and inhibits its proteolytic processing; R-spondin, a 4-membered group of proteins that regulates Wnt pathway and have other functions, such as regulation of kidney proliferation, induction of epithelial proliferation, the tumor suppressant action; M-spondin that mediates mechanical linkage between the muscles and apodemes; and the SCO-spondin, a protein important for neuronal development. In this study, we investigated intrinsic disorder status of human spondins and their interacting partners, such as members of the LRP family, LGR family, Frizzled family, and several other binding partners in order to establish the existence and importance of disordered regions in spondins and their interacting partners by conducting a detailed analysis of their sequences, finding disordered regions, and establishing a correlation between their structure and biological functions.
Case 1: Fever, Abdominal Pain in a 16-year-old Girl.

1. Tricia Lucin, MD* 2. Julie Wood, DO† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC A previously healthy 16-year-old girl is admitted to the hospital for evaluation of fever and abdominal pain. The fever (as high as 104°F [40°C]) began 5 days before admission. She has concurrent nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. There is no blood or bile in the vomitus, and stools are without blood or mucus. She has no headache or rash. She has no known sick contacts and is a recent immigrant from Pakistan. Her medical history and family history are unremarkable. On admission, she appears unwell, but nontoxic. Her vital signs are notable for temperature of 102.6°F (39.2°C), pulse of 92 beats/min, and blood pressure of 111/71 mm Hg. Findings from physical examination are normal except for a tender abdomen without masses or organomegaly. Initial laboratory evaluation is significant for a low white blood cell count of 3,100/μL (3.1×109/L), a low hemoglobin level of 10.1 g/dL (101 g/L), and a low platelet count of 77×103/μL (77×109/L). Additionally, her complete metabolic panel shows a low sodium level of 130 mEq/L (130 mmol/L), an …
Depression partially mediated the relationship between basic psychological needs and quality of life among people living with HIV

Few studies have examined the relationship between basic psychological needs (BPN), depression and quality of life (QOL) in people living with HIV (PLWH). This cross-sectional study (N = 65; 37% females, 37% Caucasian, mean age = 55 ± 6 years, mean CD4 count = 668 ± 368 cells/mm3, average duration of HIV = 18 ± 4 years) found that BPN frustration was related with lower QOL. The strength of this relationship was reduced after controlling for depression. This suggests that depression partially mediated the relationship between BPN and QOL. BPN and depression may be specific targets for psychosocial interventions aimed at improving QOL in PLWH to promote successful aging.
Enhancing quality: Listening to participant voices to improve our Master's program in special education

Abstract Newly inducted special education teachers must be well-prepared to address changes in today's schools, including increased student diversity, implementation of tiered systems of support, and the need for increased collaboration with general education teachers and specialists. The purpose of this qualitative study was to develop and implement a data-based continual improvement approach to identify the strengths of our special education Master's program and address changes needed to ensure that graduates are ready to engage with the demands of their chosen profession. Using data gathered from 24 recent graduates and 20 field mentors, we describe our model and what we have done with our results over two years. An important finding is that our students greatly value the relationships they form during the program and the relationships the faculty model, and participants attribute our graduates' skills in collaboration to our program's modeling of collaborative processes and positive relationships. Implications for effective approaches to continuous improvement of special education teacher preparation programs are discussed.
Left Versus Right: Does Location Matter for Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Phase 1 Clinical Trials?

Purpose Location of the primary tumor is prognostic and predictive of efficacy with VEGF-inhibitors (I) versus EGFR-I given first-line to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, little is known regarding the effect of location on prognosis and prediction in refractory mCRC. We assessed the efficacy of VEGF-I and EGFR-I in regards to location of the primary tumor in patients with refractory mCRC enrolled in early phase studies.
The Role of the Indigenous Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Disease

The indigenous intestinal microbiota is a complex community that is crucial for maintaining both gastrointestinal and systemic homeostasis of the host. Although gut microbes have long been recognized for their role in modulating colonization by intestinal pathogens, recent reports have demonstrated that the commensal microbes have additional, far-reaching effects on host physiology and well-being. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent research which demonstrates the role of the human gut microbiota and microbial dysbiosis in common human diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD), colorectal cancer, obesity, allergic disease, and mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. We also discuss recent advances in the field of microbial-derived therapeutics, with a focus on emerging bacterial-based therapies that target gastrointestinal infections, osteoporosis, and cancer.
Integration, unification, reconstruction, modification: an eternal parsing braid

BORIS is an integrated natural language understanding system for narratives. In an integrated system, processes of event assimilation, inference, and episodic memory search occur on a word-by-word basis as parsing proceeds. "Parsing" here refers to the task of building a conceptual representation for each natural language expression. In addition to being integrated, the BORIS parser is also a unified parser. The same parser is used both at story understanding time and question answering time. This paper explores some of the consequences which arise when the same parser serves both tasks. For instance, one such consequence is that BORIS often knows the answer to a question before it has completely understood the question.
Routine self-tracking of health: reasons, facilitating factors, and the potential impact on health management practices.

Despite a growing interest in self-tracking of one’s health, what factors lead to self-tracking routinely (i.e., collecting data at regular intervals), and the effects of this behavior, remain largely understudied. Using data from the Pew Survey on Tracking for Health, we examined the patterns of self-tracking activity to understand reasons for this behavior and its impact on health management practices. We tested multiple logistic regression models to assess the influence of different predicting variables, and to find whether routine self-tracking leads to positive change to one’s approaches to health management. Our results suggest that recent visits to emergency care and the type(s) of tracking tools used are significant predictors of routine self-tracking activities. Further, the results suggest that routine self-tracking, as opposed to occasional, event-triggered tracking, is more likely to result in positive changes to health management approaches. Our findings also highlight barriers to and opportunities for designing useful and usable tools to facilitate self-tracking and empower patients to become more proactive in managing their own health.
Numerical and experimental investigation of matrix effect on sensing behavior of piezoresistive hybrid nanocomposites

Nanocomposites exhibit remarkable electromechanical properties and have potential applications in sensing and actuation. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) - epoxy nanocomposites are fabricated with the addition of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). An improvement in piezoresistivity is observed with the combination of CNTs and GNPs, compared to the use of only CNTs, which indicates the formation of an efficient hybrid conductive networks for strain and electrical transfer in the materials. We investigate the effect of static mechanical loading on the electrical sensing performance of the nanocomposites. The inter-particle distances between the fillers change in the event of applied loading, which leads to a modification of the CNT-GNP hybrid percolated network and hence results in a change of the electrical conductivity. This phenomenon is exploited to use the hybrid composites as strain sensors. Specifically, different matrix materials are tested to investigate their effects on the mechanical and sensing performance of the nanocomposites. In addition, numerical simulations are performed to model the strain sensing performance of the nanocomposites. The effect of the type of matrix on the sensing performance of the nanocomposites is predicted and compared with the experimental results.
Dentin bonding--questions for the new millennium

PURPOSE The objective of this review article is to summarize the most recent concepts in dentin bonding and, simultaneously, challenge some convictions that have not been backed up by sound, convincing research. After the introduction of the enamel acid-etch technique by Dr. Buonocore in 1955, the increasing demand for restorative and non-restorative esthetic treatments, as well as the refinement in the utilization of fluoride-containing products, have totally transformed the practice of operative dentistry. While bonding to enamel is a reliable technique, bonding to dentin represents a greater challenge: dentin is an intrinsically wet organic tissue penetrated by a tubular labyrinth containing the odontoblastic process, which communicates with the pulp. The manufacturers of new adhesive systems recommend the application of their adhesive materials on moist dentin. The main reason is that the spatial alteration that occurs upon drying demineralized dentin may prevent the monomers from penetrating the labyrinth of nano-channels formed by dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals between collagen fibrils. Several of the current concepts in dentin bonding have been built from the observation of clinical studies, which measure retention rates, and from laboratory bond strength studies, which measure the force needed to debond a composite post from a flat dentin area. Although their utility is doubtful as far as clinical performance is concerned, bond strength studies are still necessary in order to compare similar parameters among materials. However, both clinical and laboratory studies lack information on the dynamic behavior of the substrate in a vital environment. For example, the changes induced by adhesive systems in the resin-infiltrated demineralized dentin have not been fully characterized. Also, the role of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins in dentin bonding has been generally overlooked.
Hormonal effects on differentiation in neutral cultures. [Rats]

The data presented clearly demonstrate that the induction of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) by cortisol in C6 cells is due to an increased rate of synthesis without alteration of the rate of degradation of the enzyme, thus resulting in a greater number of molecules. Similarly, we have shown by immunotitration, Ouchterlony double diffusion, gel permeation chromatography, pH optimun, heat lability and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that GPDH in the brains of normal (induced) and hypophysectomized (uninduced) rats is identical. Thus in vivo as in cell culture, the hormonal regulation of GPDH activity is brought about by a change in the number of molecules, not in their catalytic efficiency. Similar questions now arise about the mRNA for GPDH, i.e., the influence of hydrocortisone on its rate of synthesis and degradation and efficiency of its translation. Since brain GPDH is identical to the enzyme present in muscle and liver, the mechanism for the specificity of the induction is an intrinsic property of brain tissue rather than related to the enzyme itself such as the coding by different structural genes.
Effects of self-regulatory skill usage on weight management behaviours: Mediating effects of induced self-efficacy changes in non-obese through morbidly obese women

OBJECTIVES Self-regulation is thought to play a role in overcoming barriers to weight management behaviour changes. This research assessed the extent that relationship is manifested through associated changes in self-efficacy, and effects based on degree of obesity. DESIGN Data sets from three previous studies of the present research group were utilized. After assessment of change scores using repeated-measures ANOVA, mediation and moderation analyses assessed effects of changes in self-regulatory skill usage on changes in physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake through self-efficacy changes. Moderating effects of BMI were then assessed. METHODS Women with body compositions ranging from non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2 ) to those with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 ) were administered similar cognitive-behavioural treatments, and assessed on theory-based psychosocial and behavioural measures over 6 months. RESULTS From baseline to Month 6, changes in self-regulation for physical activity and eating, physical activity behaviours, fruit/vegetable intake, and self-efficacy for controlled eating were significant in non-obese women (n = 48) and women with Class 1 (n = 43), Class 2 (n = 70), and Class 3 (n = 48) obesity. Positive effects were smaller in exercise self-efficacy. For each of the BMI-based groups, changes in self-efficacy significantly mediated the prediction of physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake by changes in self-regulation. In aggregated data, BMI significantly moderated the prediction of change in physical activity (higher BMI associated with a stronger association), but not fruit/vegetable intake, within those models. CONCLUSION Increasing self-regulatory skills to overcome lifestyle barriers was found to be important for fostering improved weight loss behaviours, especially in the treatment of higher degrees of obesity in women. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Self-efficacy is a malleable factor that predicts behaviour change within multiple theories. Learned self-regulatory skills may effectively deal with lifestyle barriers associated with improvements in weight management behaviours. Increased physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption predicts success with weight loss. What does this study add? Much of self-regulation's effect on physical activity and eating behaviours is through its impact on self-efficacy. Weight management treatments should emphasize self-regulatory skills development over simply health education. Effects of interrelations of self-regulation and self-efficacy are more effective as female weight increases.