cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seroconversion of type B to O erythrocytes using recombinant Glycine max α-D-galactosidase

Recombinant α-D-galactosidase (rGal) from soybean (Glycine max) hydrolyzed the immunodominant α-D-galactose residue from the B epitope of red blood cells. This converted type B erythrocytes to type O which are “universally” transfusable. Type B red blood cells were obtained from four different donors and enzymatically converted. Cell function parameters, including red cell indices, pH, methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, osmotic fragility, hemolysis, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, cholinesterase, ATP, and antigen typing of treated ceils were compared to controls. These pilot studies indicate that rGal could have potential biotechnical application in the production of universally transfusable red blood cells.
Surgical implant stent: a design modification and simplified fabrication technique

The buccal and lingual placement and parallelism of endosseous implants is important for the implant surgeon and the restorative dentist alike. A modified surgical stent to aid in implant placement and a simplified technique for making the stent is described.
A Cell-Free Fluorometric High-Throughput Screen for Inhibitors of Rtt109-Catalyzed Histone Acetylation

The lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) Rtt109 forms a complex with Vps75 and catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) in the Asf1-H3-H4 complex. Rtt109 and H3K56ac are vital for replication-coupled nucleosome assembly and genotoxic resistance in yeast and pathogenic fungal species such as Candida albicans. Remarkably, sequence homologs of Rtt109 are absent in humans. Therefore, inhibitors of Rtt109 are hypothesized as potential and minimally toxic antifungal agents. Herein, we report the development and optimization of a cell-free fluorometric high-throughput screen (HTS) for small-molecule inhibitors of Rtt109-catalyzed histone acetylation. The KAT component of the assay consists of the yeast Rtt109-Vps75 complex, while the histone substrate complex consists of full-length Drosophila histone H3-H4 bound to yeast Asf1. Duplicated assay runs of the LOPAC demonstrated day-to-day and plate-to-plate reproducibility. Approximately 225,000 compounds were assayed in a 384-well plate format with an average Z' factor of 0.71. Based on a 3σ cut-off criterion, 1,587 actives (0.7%) were identified in the primary screen. The assay method is capable of identifying previously reported KAT inhibitors such as garcinol. We also observed several prominent active classes of pan-assay interference compounds such as Mannich bases, catechols and p-hydroxyarylsulfonamides. The majority of the primary active compounds showed assay signal interference, though most assay artifacts can be efficiently removed by a series of straightforward counter-screens and orthogonal assays. Post-HTS triage demonstrated a comparatively small number of confirmed actives with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. This assay, which utilizes five label-free proteins involved in H3K56 acetylation in vivo, can in principle identify compounds that inhibit Rtt109-catalyzed H3K56 acetylation via different mechanisms. Compounds discovered via this assay or adaptations thereof could serve as chemical probes or leads for a new class of antifungals targeting an epigenetic enzyme.
Meta-analysis of outcome studies in end-stage renal disease

Meta-analysis of outcome studies in end-stage renal disease. Studies examining outcomes in patients with ESRD are derived from a variety of sources (single center, regional registries, national registries, etc.) and provide discrepant results as to the impact of modality selection on patient survival. In an attempt to understand and resolve these discrepancies, an exhaustive literature search and meta-analysis were performed to compare survival in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using published data from both registry studies and non-registry studies. Results of the meta-analysis, based on data from 82 literature non-registry studies, 55 literature registry studies, and two registry reports, censored for modality switches, transplants and dropouts and unadjusted for case mix, were inconclusive because survival and mortality outcomes varied with the data sources and formats for outcomes analyzed. Although limited data suggested that differences in case mix may contribute to differences in survival outcomes, adjustments for case mix (predialysis comorbid conditions), adequacy of dialysis, and other important patient level covariates were not possible because of the paucity of available data. These findings highlight the limitations inherent in current literature reports and underscore the need for more uniform, standardized, and detailed approaches than has hitherto been the case in reporting outcome findings in ESRD.
Phonatory reaction times of rheumatoid arthritic and normal females.

This study examined the degree to which rheumatoid arthritis affects a speaker's ability to accomplish rapid vocal fold adjustments. The phonatory initiation, phonatory termination, and manual reac...
Entry, Descent, and Landing Aerothermodynamics: NASA Langley Experimental Capabilities and Contributions

A review is presented of recent research, development, testing and evaluation activities related to entry, descent and landing that have been conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center. An overview of the test facilities, model development and fabrication capabilities, and instrumentation and measurement techniques employed in this work is provided. Contributions to hypersonic/supersonic flight and planetary exploration programs are detailed, as are fundamental research and development activities.
Environmental Governance as Embedded Process: Managing Change in Two Community-Based Forestry Organizations

Community-based forestry (CBF) represents an environmental governance strategy that promotes democratic practices, strengthens local livelihoods, and sustains forest ecosystems for the benefit of all community members. Much prior research has explored the necessary conditions for successful CBF operation. Less attention has been paid to how established CBF organizations, as they near the end of the start-up phase of operations, change in response to shifting political, economic, social, and environmental conditions. Drawing on "new economic sociology" concepts of embeddedness, this interdisciplinary study compares organizational transitions in the Public Lands Partnership in Colorado and the Association of Forest Communities of Peten in Guatemala. The paper conceptualizes these empirical cases as processes of organizational change embedded in multi-scalar contexts rather than sets of static structures best designed a priori. Important organizational changes are closely linked to the multiple embeddedness ...
Quasi-multiplication and ∗-algebras

Let B be a ∗-algebra with identity. With B we associate a quasi-algebra Q(B) consisting of sequences whose entries are elements of B. For A,B in B we give general expansions pertaining to (A+B)n, eA+B and eAeB. We also discuss the case where B is the ∗-algebra generate creation and annihilation operators. Another example deals with the ∗-algebra of field operators.
The interplay of linguistic universals and cultural knowledge in personal address: Colombian Madre terms

A general question that communication theories seek to answer is what kinds of resources and knowledge must be drawn upon for communication to take place. This essay proposes that the question may usefully be pursued through investigation of personal address. It elucidates ten address terms in Colombian Spanish derived from the central term madre, “mother.” From the data, a functional model of personal address is generated which incorporates both universal resources for communication (the ubiquitous phenomenon of personal address, universal semantic principles that reflect basic human experiences, and metaphorical usage) and cultural resources (a particular set of address terms, a range of intention and interpretation that may be realized, and a system of cultural premises that organizes and makes sensible the terms and actions that constitute the system). Extensions of the study to other forms of personal address and other kinds of communication behavior are suggested.
DETESTABLE OR MARVELOUS? -- NEUROANATOMICAL CORRELATES OF CHARACTER JUDGMENTS

As we learn new information about the social and moral behaviors of other people, we form and update character judgments of them, and this can profoundly influence how we regard and act towards others. In the study reported here, we capitalized on two interesting neurological patient populations where this process of complex “moral updating” may go awry: patients with bilateral damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and patients with bilateral damage to hippocampus (HC). We predicted that vmPFC patients, who have impaired emotion processing, would exhibit reduced moral updating, and we also investigated how moral updating might be affected by severe declarative memory impairment in HC patients. The vmPFC, HC, and brain-damaged comparison (BDC) participants made moral judgments about unfamiliar persons before and after exposure to social scenarios depicting the persons engaged in morally good, bad, or neutral behaviors. In line with our prediction, the vmPFC group showed the least amount of change in moral judgments, and interestingly, the HC group showed the most amount of change. These results suggest that the vmPFC and hippocampus play critical but complementary roles in updating moral character judgments about others: the vmPFC may attribute emotional salience to moral information, whereas the hippocampus may provide necessary contextual information from which to make appropriate character judgments.
Applications of rank-based median filters in power electronics

A class of robust, rank-based signal processing filters is considered, particularly with regard to its usefulness in the power electronics field. This class of nonlinear filters is characterized by the inclusion of a sorting element in the signal path. The sorting operation allows these filters to suppress impulsive noise while preserving edges and monotonic sections of signals. This introductory work concentrates primarily on the median filter, it being the most accessible filter of the class. A working knowledge of issues arising in design and implementation is developed. >
SP-100 Advanced Technology Program

The goal of the triagency SP-100 Program is to develop long-lived, compact, lightweight, survivable nuclear reactor space power systems for application to the power range 50 kWe to 1 MWe. The successful development of these systems should enable or significantly enhance many of the future NASA civil and commercial missions. The NASA SP-100 Advanced Technology Program strongly augments the parallel SP-100 Ground Engineering System Development program and enhances the chances for success of the overall SP-100 program. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the key technical elements of the Advanced Technology Program and the progress made in the initial year and a half of the project.
Aquaculture potential of the Suminoe oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis Fugita 1913)

Abstract Oyster production on the West coast of the USA is almost entirely dependent on the culture of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . Commercial production of the Suminoe oyster Crassostrea ariakensis is presently limited to a few bays in Washington, Oregon and California. The objective of the present study was to determine the aquaculture potential of the Suminoe oyster for the West coast, USA. Female Suminoe oysters became sexually mature about 3 months later than Pacific oysters in Yaquina Bay, OR. Suminoe oyster broodstock could be successfully conditioned at 20 °C for spawning from mid-March until mid-October. Larvae were cultured and successfully set by feeding them on a microalgal diet of the flagellate Pseudoisochrysis paradoxa (VA-12) during the first 7 days of culture and then a diet made up wholly or partly of the diatom species Chaetoceros calcitrans during subsequent weeks of culture. Growth and setting of larvae were greatest at a salinity of 15 to 20 ppt. No successful settlement occurred at 35 ppt salinity. Both Suminoe and Pacific oyster spat grew best at 25 °C and a salinity of 25 to 35 ppt. Growth of Suminoe oyster spat was less sensitive to sub-optimal temperature and salinity conditions than Pacific oysters. In grow-out trials conducted from 1989 to 1993 on the West coast, USA, final shell lengths of Suminoe oysters were significantly less than those of Pacific oysters, but there were no significant differences in tissue dry weights. Both Suminoe and Pacific oysters reached market size for the half-shell trade (60 to 70 mm shell length) 12 to 18 months after planting. Consumer acceptability tests indicated that Suminoe oysters were equal or superior to Pacific oysters in appearance, taste and texture.
Digital Holography of Cellular Motions in Live Tissue

Subcellular motions inside live tissue are sensitive indicators of cellular health and cellular response to applied drugs. Digital holography volumetrically captures these motions in a tissue dynamics spectroscopy approach to live-tissue drug screening.
Adoptive transfer of tregs after native treg knockdown improves litter sizes back to baseline levels in a murine model

comes in patients undergoing IVF with AECC. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a history of at least one failed IVF cycle undergoing IVF with AECC at our center were included. All patients underwent luteal phase endometrial biopsy in preparation for IVF. Biopsy samples were either utilized for IVF in a consecutive menstrual cycle or were frozen for use in a future cycle. Embryos were cultured in AECC media and transferred on day 3. Outcomes included embryo grade, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. Statistical analysis includedMannWhitneyU and c2 tests. P<0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS: 2568 cycles of 1764 patients who underwent an AECC/IVF cycle between May 2004 and November 2013 were analyzed. 1435 biopsies were performed in the cycle prior to IVF and 1133 were performed more than one cycle prior to IVF. The two groups were similar in age, BMI, number of mature oocytes retrieved, number of embryos transferred, and best embryo grade. There were no significant differences in implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth rates with adjusted relative risks of 1.0 (95%CI 0.90-1.11), 1.00 (95%CI 0.89-1.11), and 0.98 (95%CI 0.85-1.14) respectively.
Constant rate exposure of pregnant hamsters to arsenate during early gestation

We have examined the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of constant-rate exposure of pregnant hamsters to arsenate by means of subcutaneous implants of osmotic minipumps. Different total exposure regimens were established by varying the duration of minipump implants and by varying the concentration of arsenate in the minipumps. Dams were killed on Day 13 of pregnancy, 5 days after the critical stage of organogenesis. Numbers of resorptions, dead fetuses, and living fetuses were obtained. Fetal weights, crown-rump lengths, and the incidence of malformations were recorded. Control animals were treated identically with minipumps containing demineralized water. The percentage of malformations per litter, a direct measure of teratogenesis, was dependent only upon the concentration of arsenate in the minipumps. The minimum teratogenic response was achieved with a dose of 70 mumol/kg dam/24 hr during the critical stages of organogenesis. The embryotoxic (fetotoxic) indicators, fetal weight and crown-rump length, decreased with increases in exposure time and with increased concentrations of arsenate. The resorption rate also depended directly upon duration of exposure and concentration of arsenate in the minipump.
Discrimination and conservation of length

Four-year-olds were Ss in a partial replication of an experiment that had used oddity-problem training to successfully induce conservation of length in 5-year-olds. Training in the present study was successful; a group given knowledge of results on each trial responded to the length cue significantly more often than did an uninformed group. However, neither group evidenced conservation of length on a transfer test. Failure of the present training to induce conservation was predicted by a recent theory of conservation. Hypotheses specifying an identity of processes underlying discrimination and conservation are presented.
Beneficial effect of second courses of cytotoxic therapy in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome

Therapeutic guidelines are not available for children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) who experience frequent relapses or develop steroid resistance after a course of cytotoxic therapy. The records of nine children with biopsy-proven MCNS who received two courses of cytotoxic therapy with either chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide were reviewed to evaluate the length of remission, associated side-effects and long-term outcome. Initial cytotoxic therapy was given to five frequent-relapsing patients and four steroid-resistant patients 2–48 months (mean 16 months) following diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. The second drug was given 4–85 months (mean 27 months) after the first. Steroid-resistant patients attained remissions of 0–81 months (mean 23 months) following the first agent and 13–67 months (mean 32 months) following the second. Frequent-relapsing patients experienced remissions of 0.5–24 months (mean 7.4 months) following the first cytotoxic drug and 3–72 months (mean 22 months) after the second. Remissions following the second agent were equal to or longer than those following the first in the seven patients who received both chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide. In the 19- to 128-month follow-up (mean 66 months), all four steroid-resistant patients experienced infrequent relapses which responded to prednisone. One frequent-relapsing patient remains in remission, three have chronic proteinuria and one still has a frequent-relapsing course. For the select group of patients who become frequent relapsing or steroid resistant after one course of cytotoxic therapy, a second course of cytotoxic therapy may allow time for catch-up growth, as well as improve steroid responsiveness once relapses occur.
Sociologism in Philosophy of Science

In a nutshell, the present chapter claims this: First, the classical problem of knowledge has recently shifted from, How do I know? to, How do we know? — from psychology to sociology. As a phenomenological matter this is a great improvement, as a solution to the problem of rationality it is erroneous and immoral. The problem, (Why) should I act, believe, etc., this or that way? is answered: You should do so on the authority of your reason. But change the problem of rationality in accord with the change in the problem of knowledge, and ask, (Why) should we — rather than I — act or believe as we do? and the answer is clear: We should act and believe as we do, because our society is as it is, and should be as it is. This is clearly the same as, we should because we should. Not very enlightening.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Mechanical Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Different Titanium Alloys

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has been widely accepted technique to join titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, to produce defect free sheets of it. The friction stir welding with other titanium alloys has a potential to improve the utilization and functional properties of titanium. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of friction stir welded (FSW) different titanium joints. The impact of process parameters, mainly the spindle speed and feed rate on the strength of friction stir welded titanium alloy joints was studied. A combined approach of numerical and experimental was used to investigate the mechanical response of different titanium joints. This paper presents the numerical model that was developed to simulate mechanical behavior of FSW titanium joints. The numerical results were compared to experimentally determined behavior characteristics of the joints to gage the validity of the modeling approach. It was found that there was good agreement in the numerical and experimental results of the tensile behavior in titanium FSW joints. The optimum values of spindle speed and feed rate were found out for joining different titanium alloys.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The Special Issue on High-Speed Memories

The design and performance characteristics of a 128×64 MOS transistor memory is given. The storage cell used operates with a low standby power, 0.1 mW. The memory operates with a 12-ns access time, 35-ns read cycle time, and a 60-ns write cycle time.
Prepartum, postpartum and chronic depression effects on neonatal behavior

Eighty pregnant women were assessed for depression during mid-pregnancy (Mean gestational age = 25.9 weeks) and shortly after delivery in order to assess the effects of the onset and chronicity of maternal depression on neonatal behavior. The women were classified as reporting depressive symptoms: (1) only during the prepartum assessment; (2) only during the postpartum assessment; (3) during both the prepartum and postpartum assessments; or (4) reporting no depressive symptoms at either the prepartum or the postpartum assessment. Neonates born to mothers reporting symptoms of depression at any time point exhibited greater indeterminate sleep than neonates of non-depressed mothers. Neonates born to mothers reporting prenatal depression spent more time fussing and crying and exhibited more stress behaviors than neonates born to non-depressed mothers or neonates born to mothers exhibiting symptoms of depression only during the postpartum assessment. Finally, neonates born to mothers exhibiting symptoms of depression during both the prepartum and postpartum assessments exhibited less optimal Brazelton neurobehavioral assessment scores than neonates of non-depressed mothers or neonates born to mothers who exhibited symptoms of depression during only the prepartum or only during the postpartum assessments. Taken together these findings suggest that neonatal behavior is influenced not just by the presence but also by the timing and duration of maternal depression symptoms.
85% efficiency for cw frequency doubling from 1.08 to 0.54 μm

Conversion efficiency of 85% has been achieved in cw second-harmonic generation from 1.08 to 0.54 μm with a potassium titanyl phosphate crystal inside an external ring cavity. An absolute comparison between the experimental data and a simple theory is made and shows good agreement.
Astrocytes and synaptosomes transport and metabolize lactate and acetate differently.

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol · mg protein−1 · min−1, respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol · mg protein−1 · min−1, respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.
Physics-Based Modeling of Power Converters From Finite Element Electromagnetic Field Computations

In this paper, a physics-based high-frequency (HF) model of switching power converters including the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) unit cells, heat sink, and connective printed circuit board (PCB) traces combined in a single electrical circuit is presented. The IGBT model includes the HF stray components superimposed on the well-known Hefner IGBT model. The HF components were calculated using a 3-D quasi-static finite element (3-D FE) analysis. The proposed complex model of the IGBT was verified both numerically and experimentally at different switching frequencies. The computed IGBT model was used in a low-high frequency model of a motor-drive system, and the common mode ground current was experimentally verified showing excellent results.
Social Support, Acculturation, and Optimism: Understanding Positive Health Practices in Asian American College Students

Purpose:This study developed and tested a theory to better understand positive health practices (PHP) among Asian Americans aged 18 to 21 years. It tested theoretical relationships postulated betwe...
Interstitial solute diffusion in metals

Abstract The diffusion of interstitial solute atoms, which were subject to nearest neighbour solute-solute interactions, was simulated by means of a modified Monte Carlo method. Solute correlation factors, nearest neighbour vacancy availability factors and effective jump frequency factors were calculated as functions of composition and temperature. Compared with non-interacting atoms attraction between solute atoms always retarded diffusion whereas repulsion always enhanced diffusion except within the ordered region.
Radiation effects data on commercially available optical fiber: database summary

Presented here are the results of a survey performed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center on radiation data for commercially available optical fiber. The survey includes data from the past decade that can still be used for currently available parts. The objective of this work was to provide a current central location for relevant radiation data on optical fiber that could be useful for space flight projects. Only valid part numbers that are currently relevant to the manufacturers producing the optical fiber and parts that have been verified as changing number but not process, are included in this study. Presented are the currently available optical fiber types with valid part numbers and manufacturer, the relevant radiation data, and the corresponding data reference. Also included in this summary is the recent unreleased radiation data from experiments conducted at Goddard Space Flight Center on OFS (formerly Spectran) 62.5/125/250 micron optical fiber. This database will serve as a tool for engineers when selecting radiation tested optical fiber for future and current optical fiber systems for space flight applications.
Microbiotas of the late Precambrian Hunnberg Formation, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard

A distinctive carbonate shallowing-upward sequence occurs within the upper Riphean (750-800 Ma) Hunnberg Formation of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. Clastic limestones deposited in an open coastal marine environment pass upward into columnar stromatolitic bioherms, and these, in turn, are overlain by finely laminated lagoonal dolomites. Early diagenetic silicification has preserved microbiotas in each of the three major facies. The plankton assemblage found in open coastal cherts contains more than two dozen taxa. Fossil assemblages of the Hunnberg Formation are useful biostratigraphically; the open coastal plankton biota is clearly latest Riphean in aspect. They also contribute to our understanding of the paleoecological distribution of late Precambrian plankton. This distribution is of potential value in paleoenvironmental reconstruction and is equally important in helping to define the ecological context in which evolutionary interpretations of early microbes must be made. The Hunnberg microbiota contains 33 taxa, of which two are formally described as new; Cymatiosphaeroides kullingii n. gen. et n. sp. and Trachyhystrichosphaera vidalii n. sp.--Modified journal abstract.
Explaining Cooperation Under Anarchy: Hypotheses And Strategies

What circumstances favor the realization of mutual interests in the absence of centralized authority? And through what strategies can nations foster the emergence of cooperation by altering the circumstances that they confront? Elementary game theory suggests three sets of conditions that serve as proximate explanations of the incidence of cooperation and discord: (i) Payoff Structure: Mutual and Conflicting Preferences; (2) The Shadow of the Future: Single-play and Iterated Games; and (3) Number of Players: Two-Person and N-Person Games. Each of these three attributes of context may be subject to willful modification. Nations may create the preconditions for cooperation through strategies to alter payoffs, lengthen the shadow of the future, and reduce the number of actors required to realize limited mutual interests.
The infection control practitioner: an action plan for the 1990s.

Abstract Some articles have suggested that to survive in the 1990s an infection control practitioner (ICP) will have to be “smarter, brighter, or gone”—they assume that new initiatives for hospital peer review (utilization review, risk management, antibiotic use review, and quality assurance) soon will swallow up the ICP and the infection control program. This article questions that assumption. It reviews data supporting the continuing need for hospital infection control programs and presents information suggesting that the need for the ICP will increase rather than decline during the 1990s. Four essential characteristics for infection control programs are listed, and skills that make the ICP a valuable resource for other peer review programs are described. Several ways that the ICP can (and must) bring this information to the attention of other hospital personnel are suggested. Such actions help assure recognition of the continuing important role of the ICP and the hospital infection control program in each U.S. hospital and long-term care institution.
FROM PARTNERS TO PLAYERS: EXTENDING THE HR PLAYING FIELD

HR professionals must always be “becoming” or constantly changing and adapting. For the last decade, many have argued the business partner role as a complement to traditional HR administrative work. We argue in this paper that HR professionals should move beyond partners to become players. HR professionals as players are “in the game, on the field, making a difference” through their HR work. In this article, we suggest that to become players, HR professionals must learn to coach, architect, build, facilitate, lead, and provide a conscience to business leaders. Specific knowledge and tools for each of these roles are described. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The negotiator's dilemma: Simultaneous in-group and out-group conflict☆

Abstract This study of intergroup bargaining attempted to simulate the dual external and internal conflict a negotiator faces from his opponent and his constituency. Via teletype, subjects ostensibly negotiated management-labor wage contracts with each other and simultaneously interacted with additional subjects who enacted the role of their constituency. Actually, all subjects were management spokesmen. They interacted with a computer program which took the part of the union spokesman and the management constituency. The three independent variables in the 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design were: (1) a cooperative vs an exploitative perception of one's opponent; (2) constituent trust vs constituent distrust; and (3) a noncontingent fee vs a contingent fee. It was found that bargaining behavior in general was best predicted as an interactive effect of the type of opponent factor and the constituent trust factor. Since the former factor is one aspect of external conflict and the latter factor is one aspect of internal conflict, it was concluded that intergroup negotiations cannot be understood simply in terms of the isolated dyadic bargaining process.
Tracing water and suspended matter in Raritan and Lower New York Bays using dissolved and particulate elemental concentrations

Geochemical tracers were used to examine the mixing of water and particles in Lower New York and Raritan Bays in August 1999 during low-flow conditions. Four brackish water masses (20 V S V 28) originating in the Raritan and Shrewsbury Rivers, Arthur Kill, and Upper New York Bay were characterized by their dissolved metals concentrations. The mixing lines of dissolved Cu, Ni, and Pb in Lower New York Bay were similar to those in Upper New York Bay, the source of most of the freshwater to the system. Dissolved Cd and Mn seemed to have been removed by particles in several regions of the study. Dissolved Cu, Ni and Pb in the Raritan River fell below the mixing lines of the Lower New York Bay. In contrast, the concentrations of dissolved Co and Mn in the Raritan River were distinctly higher than those in the Lower New York Bay, while dissolved Cu and Ni were elevated in the Arthur Kill. A plot of dissolved Co versus dissolved Ni clearly differentiated among three water masses: (1) Upper and Lower New York Bays and Sandy Hood Bay, (2) the Raritan River, and (3) Arthur Kill– Raritan Bay–Shrewsbury River. The concentrations of 22 elements also were measured in the suspended matter of Raritan and Lower New York Bays and brackish water sources. The elemental composition of the suspended matter in surface and bottom waters was correlated with Fe - 1 concentrations, which ranged between 50 and 900 Amol g . Statistical differences among the geographical regions were detected in the relationships of Ti, Ni, Co, As, and U with Fe, with particulate As being an especially strong geochemical indicator of Raritan River particles. The geochemical signatures of Lower New York Bay particles were similar to those of Upper New York Bay. The geochemical signatures of Raritan River particles were distinctly different than those of the Upper New York Bay, but the influence of Raritan River particles appeared to be limited to only inner Raritan Bay. This study illustrates the utility of trace elements for characterization of physical processes in complex estuaries. Published by Elsevier B.V.
mPuff: automated detection of cigarette smoking puffs from respiration measurements

ABSTRACT Smoking has been conclusively proved to be the leading cause of mortality that accounts for one in five deaths in the United States. Extensive research is conducted on developing effective smoking cessation programs. Most smoking cessation programs achieve low success rate because they are unable to intervene at the right moment. Identification of high-risk situations that may lead an abstinent smoker to relapse involve discovering the associations among various contexts that precede a smoking session or a smoking lapse. In the absence of an automated method, detection of smoking events still relies on subject self-report that is prone to failure to report and involves subject burden. Automated detection of smoking events in the natural environment can revolutionize smoking research and lead to effective inter-vention. In this paper, we present mPuff a novel system to automatically detect smoking puffs from respiration measure-ments, using which a model can be developed to automatically detect entire smoking episodes in the field. We introduce several new features from respiration that can help classify individual respiration cycles into smoking puffs or non-puffs. We then propose supervised and semi-supervised support vector models to detect smoking puffs. We train our models on data collected from 10 daily smokers and find that smoking puffs can be detected with an accuracy of 91% within a smoking session. We then consider respiration measurements during confounding events such as stress, speaking, and walking, and show that our model can still identify smoking puffs with an accuracy of 86.7%. The smoking detector presented here opens the opportunity to develop effective interventions that can be delivered on a mobile phone when and where smoking urges may occur, thereby improving the abysmal low rate of success in smoking cessation.
Social Control, Serious Delinquency, and Risky Behavior A Gendered Analysis

Social control theory asserts that strong social bonds inhibit delinquency, whereas weak bonds offer little resistance to offending. In the development of this theoretical perspective, new research suggests that the type and magnitude of social bonds have differing effects on male and female delinquency. This study adds to our understanding of how social control factors of parental attachment, involvement in diverse prosocial activities, belief in traditional norms, and school climate affect both young men’s and young women’s reports of serious delinquency and risky behavior in a sample of high school youth. Whereas previous research has generally either controlled for the effect of gender statistically or studied all-male samples, this article uses separate models to examine the independent effects of social bonds on male and female delinquency. The findings support the development of gender-specific analyses to understand how social control affects male and female pathways into delinquency.
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition to the Superconducting State of Heavy-Fermion Superlattices

We propose an explanation of the superconducting transitions discovered in the heavy-fermion superlattices by Mizukami et al. [Nature Phys. 7, 849 (2011)] in terms of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. We observe that the effective mass mismatch between the heavy-fermion superconductor and the normal metal regions provides an effective barrier that enables quasi-2D superconductivity in such systems. We show that the resistivity data, both with and without magnetic field, are consistent with BKT transition. Furthermore, we study the influence of a nearby magnetic quantum critical point on the vortex system and find that the vortex core energy can be significantly reduced due to magnetic fluctuations. Further reduction of the gap with decreasing number of layers is understood as a result of pair breaking effect of Yb ions at the interface.
ESB Infrastructure's Autonomous Mechanism of SOA

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is the architecture of software or information system, as well as a concept of coarse-grained components and loosely coupled framework. But SOA is generally believed as a simple Web service integration. This paper deeply discusses some concepts on SOA, insists that SOA is a developing methodology rather than a specific technology. Moreover, the paper expatiates on the topology of enterprise service bus (ESB) model. In this model, ubiquitous-autonomous mechanism to union ESB infrastructures is introduced. Mechanism is designed from the inspiration of routing protocols and grid resources finding calculation. By designing, many functions are supported, including service dynamics, the load-aware self-adaptation and fault tolerance. In the end, the performance of mechanism was evaluated through simulations and applications. Experimental results show that this pervasive mechanism has low bandwidth, fast convergence and the ability to recover from emergencies quickly.
Puzzle assembly training: Real world vs. virtual environment

While training participants to assemble a 3D wooden burr puzzle, we compared results of training in a stereoscopic, head tracked virtual assembly environment utilizing haptic devices and data gloves with real world training. While virtual training took participants about three times longer, the group that used the virtual environment was able to assemble the physical test puzzle about three times faster than the group trained with the physical puzzle. We present several possible cognitive explanations for these results and our plans for future exploration of the factors that improve the effectiveness of virtual process training over real world experience.
Complex Struvite Calculi Treated by Primary Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Chemolysis with Hemiacidrin Irrigation

AbstractTen patients with complex struvite stones were treated successfully with primary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy followed by chemolysis with 10 per cent hemiacidrin renal irrigation. The average number of treatments per renal unit was 1.2 and an average of 2,688 shocks was administered per treatment. No patient required a blood transfusion. Ureteral obstruction did not occur in those patients receiving planned hemiacidrin irrigation immediately after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. At 6-week followup 9 patients were free of residual fragments. The combination of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and hemiacidrin chemolysis represents a satisfactory alternative to the traditional surgical management of complex struvite calculi.
Seed ferns and the origin of angiosperms

Abstract Doyle, J.A. (Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA). Seed ferns and the origin of angiosperms. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133: 169–209. 2006.—If molecular analyses are correct in indicating that Gnetales are related to conifers and no other living gymnosperm group is directly related to angiosperms, studies on the origin of angiosperms must focus on fossil taxa, including “seed ferns.” Some authors have homologized the angiosperm carpel with the cupule of seed ferns, but because angiosperm ovules have two integuments rather than one, cupules are more likely to be homologous with the outer integument. Cupules of the earliest seed ferns may be derived from fertile appendages of “progymnosperms,” but those of later taxa appear to be modified leaves or leaflets, with ovules borne on the abaxial surface in some (peltasperms, corystosperms), the adaxial surface in others (glossopterids, Caytonia). Positional relationships and developmental genetic data sugges...
Topics in Finance Part I--Introduction and Stockholder Wealth Maximization.

The following article represents the first in a series dedicated to presenting students the opportunity to better understand the key theoretical constructs in the introductory financial management course. The current essay offers an introduction to the series and covers the topics of stockholder wealth maximization and its close cousin, agency theory.
Foreign exchange market interventions under inflation targeting: The case of Guatemala

Abstract This paper studies the effectiveness of FX interventions within an inflation targeting context. I estimate the central bank reaction function, using a friction model a la Rosett. Then, I use the conditional expectation of intervention, as an instrument for actual interventions in a reduced form model of exchange rate daily-returns. Results show evidence of threshold effects in the reaction function, and indicate that intervention had a dampening effect over the daily exchange rate return's volatility, but no influence over the level of exchange rate. The central bank reacted systematically to previous-day exchange rate changes and to deviations from short-term trends.
On an Interesting System of Quadratic Equations

(1896). On an Interesting System of Quadratic Equations. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 38-41.
Flow cytometry of the urinary bladder.

SUMMARY Objective, quantitative cytologic examinations of exfoliated bladder epithelial cells can be carried out by flow cytometry of irrigation specimens obtained by urethral catheterization. Using the fluorescent, metachromatic dye acridine orange, DNA and RNA are stained stoichiometrically and measured for each of 5000 cells per sample. The measurements are collected, stored, and analyzed by computer. In cases of bladder carcinoma, there is a population of (cancer) cells with aneuploid DNA content, that is, with greater than normal DNA in resting cells or unusually numerous proliferating cells with increased DNA. Cytologically benign papillomas may have normal DNA content, but increased RNA. In a series of several hundred cases studied so far, flow cytometry has been as accurate as conventional cytology. It has been most useful in monitoring subjects known to be at high risk of bladder cancer and in following patients with low-stage carcinoma who are treated conservatively. New methods of measuring cells and various cellular components are still being developed, and these may subclassify the carcinomas according to immunologic or functional features related to differentiation.
Surgical Resection and Interstitial Iodine-125 Brachytherapy for High-Grade Meningiomas: A 25-Year Series

Background Atypical and malignant meningiomas can recur despite resection and radiation. Objective To determine outcomes of patients with recurrent atypical or malignant meningioma treated with repeat resection and permanent iodine-125 ( 125 I) brachy-therapy. Methods Charts of patients who underwent surgical resection and 125 I brachyther-apy implantation for atypical and malignant meningiomas between 1988 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial method was used to calculate progression-free and overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare groups. Significance was set at P Results Forty-two patients underwent 50 resections with 125 I brachytherapy im-plantations. All patients had undergone previous resections and 85% had previously undergone radiation. Median follow-up was 7.5 years after diagnosis and 2.3 years after brachytherapy. Median time to progression after resection with 125 I brachytherapy was 20.9 months for atypical meningioma, 11.4 months for malignant meningioma, and 11.4 months for the combined groups. Median survival after re-resection and 125 I brachytherapy was 3.5 years for atypical meningioma, 2.3 years for malignant menin-gioma, and 3.3 years for all subjects. Median overall survival after diagnosis was 11.1 years for atypical meningioma, 9.1 years for malignant meningioma, and 9.4 years for all subjects. Complications occurred in 17 patients and included radiation necrosis (n = 8, 16%), wound breakdown (n = 6, 12%), hydrocephalus (n = 4, 8%), infection (n = 3, 6%), and a pseudomeningocele (n = 2, 5%). Conclusion This is the largest experience with adjuvant 125 I brachytherapy for recurrent high-grade meningiomas. The outcomes support the use of adjuvant brachytherapy as an option for these aggressive tumors.
Zur Pathogenese spontaner Augenbewegungen pathologischer Schlagform in der Ophthalmoneurologie des frühen Kindesalters

Spontane Augenbewegungen pathologischer Schlagform (sp AB p.S.) bei schwer sehgestorten Kindern sind ein besonders eindrucksvolles Beispiel einer gestorten Sinneskoordination fur Wahrnehmung und Bewegung. Pathologische Augenbewegungen konnten auch im Tierversuch erzeugt werden. Raudnitz hatte 1902 als erster gesehen, das schon nach 11 tagigem Dunkelaufenthalt bei neugeborenen Hunden Dunkelnystagmus entstehen kann. Dagegen zeigen nach Bartels altere Tiere nach Lichtentzug keinen Nystagmus. Bereits bestehender Dunkelnystagmus sistierte allmahlich, wenn den Tieren beide Sehnerven durchschnitten worden waren (Bartels, 1921). Chow u. Riesen (1960) stellten fest, das im Dunkeln aufgezogene Schimpansensauglinge dem „Blindennystagmus“ ahnliche Augenbewegungen bekamen. Es schien uns daher von besonderem Interesse, diese tierexperimentellen Befunde an schwer sehgestorten Kindern durch elektronystagmo-graphische Untersuchungen zu uberprufen.
Criteria for the Evaluation of Surgical Results

This brief article presents general criteria for evaluating results of different operations for hearing, vertigo, and disability. Also reviewed are the 1985 guidelines of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, which are currently being revised.