cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral androgens and sexual behavior in the male rat

Abstract Intracerebral implants of crystalline testosterone propionate (TP) and dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) were used to determine whether (1) the uncertainty regarding the location of the androgen-sensitive, sexual behavior-activating area of the hypothalamus could be resolved and (2) the failure of DHTP to stimulate sexual behavior in castrates could be overcome by placing the steroid directly at the putative receptor area in the brain. TP implants in the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic area were significantly more effective in restoring copulatory behavior in castrates than were those in the posterior hypothalamus. These results could not be explained by release of testosterone into the systemic circulation. Systemic injections of DHTP were ineffective in maintaining sexual behavior when administered from the day of castration, and DHTP implants in the anterior region were markedly less effective than TP in restoring sexual behavior. Implantation of DHTP in the medial basal hypothalamus, but not the pituitary of immature rats suppressed gonadotropin secretion, as indicated by reduction in growth of testes and sexual accessory glands. It was concluded that (1) androgen-sensitive structures regulating male sexual behavior in the rat are more concentrated in the anterior than the posterior hypothalamic region and (2) testosterone probably does not activate male sexual behavior via conversion to dihydrotestosterone.
Diffraction Model of First- and Second-Order Direct Nuclear Reactions

The Hankel-transform (inpact-parameter representation) method is used to simplify the derivation of the diffraction model of direct nuclear reactions. Both first- and second-order processes (represented by pole, triangle, and box diagrams) are discussed, and relatively simple formulas for the corresponding diffraction-model amplitudes are given. Inclusion of Coulomb effects and the extension to backward-peaked processes are also discussed.
Long distance run in the wound response – jasmonic acid is pulling ahead

When plants are wounded, a long-distance signal is produced that activates the wound response in unwounded leaves. Recent work by Gregg Howe's group suggests that jasmonic acid is the long-distance wound signal. Previously, many data indicated that the signaling peptide systemin might function as the systemic wound signal. According to the new data, systemin is crucial for the production of the systemic wound signal in the wounded leaf, but might not travel long distances.
Profiling estrogen-regulated gene expression changes in normal and malignant human ovarian surface epithelial cells

Estrogens regulate normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cell functions but also affect epithelial ovarian cancer (OCa) development. Little is known about how estrogens play such opposing roles. Transcriptional profiling using a cDNA microarray containing 2400 named genes identified 155 genes whose expression was altered by estradiol-17beta (E2) in three immortalized normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell lines and 315 genes whose expression was affected by the hormone in three established OCa (OVCA) cell lines. All but 19 of the genes in these two sets were different. Among the 19 overlapping genes, five were found to show discordant responses between HOSE and OVCA cell lines. The five genes are those that encode clone 5.1 RNA-binding protein (RNPS1), erythrocyte adducin alpha subunit (ADD1), plexin A3 (PLXNA3 or the SEX gene), nuclear protein SkiP (SKIIP), and Rap-2 (rap-2). RNPS1, ADD1, rap-2, and SKIIP were upregulated by E2 in HOSE cells but downregulated by estrogen in OVCA cells, whereas PLXNA3 showed the reverse pattern of regulation. The estrogen effects was observed within 6-18 h of treatment. In silicon analyses revealed presence of estrogen response elements in the proximal promoters of all five genes. RNPS1, ADD1, and PLXNA3 were underexpressed in OVCA cell lines compared to HOSE cell lines, while the opposite was true for rap-2 and SKIIP. Functional studies showed that RNPS1 and ADD1 exerted multiple antitumor actions in OVCA cells, while PLXNA3 only inhibited cell invasiveness. In contrast, rap-2 was found to cause significant oncogenic effects in OVCA cells, while SKIIP promotes only anchorage-independent growth. In sum, gene profiling data reveal that (1) E2 exerts different actions on HOSE cells than on OVCA cells by affecting two distinct transcriptomes with few overlapping genes and (2) among the overlapping genes, a set of putative oncogenes/tumor suppressors have been identified due to their differential responses to E2 between the two cell types. These findings may explain the paradoxical roles of estrogens in regulating normal and malignant OSE cell functions.
An Analysis of the Pedagogical Effects of Expert System Use in the Classroom

An experiment that examines the use of expert systems to enhance student learning in an introductory Production and Operations Management (POM) class is discussed. An experimental expert system, SCHEDULER, was built within the domain of scheduling. It provided students with the opportunity to experience working with and integrating scheduling heuristics, constraints, and management requirements. The experiment also exposed students to using, rather than having to build, computerized decision aids, and expert systems in particular. Measurements of student learning and assessments of student perception regarding use of expert systems indicate expert systems can provide a valuable enhancement to the learning environment.
Low molecular weight subunits associated with the cytochrome b 6 f complexes from spinach and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Cytochrome b6f complexes, prepared from spinach and Chlamydomonas thylakoids, have been examined for their content of low molecular weight subunits. The spinach complex contains two prominent low molecular weight subunits of 3.7 and 4.1 kD while a single prominent component of 4.5 kD was present in the Chlamydomonas complex. An estimation of the relative stoichiometry of these subunits suggests several are present at levels approximating one copy per cytochrome complex. The low molecular weight subunits were purified by reversed phase HPLC and N-terminal sequences obtained. Both the spinach and Chlamydomonas cytochrome complexes contain a subunit that is identified as the previously characterized petG gene product (4.8 kD in spinach and 4.1 kD in Chlamydomonas). A second subunit (3.8 kD in spinach and 3.7 kD in Chlamydomonas) appears to be homologous in the two complexes and is likely to be a nuclear gene product. The possible presence of other low molecular weight subunits in these complexes is also considered.
Strategies for revising judgment: How (and how well) people use others’ opinions.

A basic issue in social influence is how best to change one's judgment in response to learning the opinions of others. This article examines the strategies that people use to revise their quantitative estimates on the basis of the estimates of another person. The authors note that people tend to use 2 basic strategies when revising estimates: choosing between the 2 estimates and averaging them. The authors developed the probability, accuracy, redundancy (PAR) model to examine the relative effectiveness of these two strategies across judgment environments. A surprising result was that averaging was the more effective strategy across a wide range of commonly encountered environments. The authors observed that despite this finding, people tend to favor the choosing strategy. Most participants in these studies would have achieved greater accuracy had they always averaged. The identification of intuitive strategies, along with a formal analysis of when they are accurate, provides a basis for examining how effectively people use the judgments of others. Although a portfolio of strategies that includes averaging and choosing can be highly effective, the authors argue that people are not generally well adapted to the environment in terms of strategy selection.
Children's agricultural health: traumatic injuries and hazardous inorganic exposures

CONTEXT: Farming is one of the most hazardous occupational industries in the USA, and farms pose numerous health risks for youth visiting, living in, or working in the farm environment. PURPOSE: This review discusses both potential traumatic injuries and hazardous inorganic exposures that are common in agricultural settings. FINDINGS: An estimated 2 million youth under the age of 20 currently live or work on US farms. Approximately 103 farm fatalities occur in this age group each year; over 32,000 nonfatal youth injuries occurred on farms in 1998. Children working in US agriculture make up only 8% of the population of working minors overall, yet they account for 40% of work-related fatalities among minors. Farm children and youth are also exposed to potentially harmful chemicals, such as pesticides and solvents, and many of these exposures go undetected. The long-term health effects of exposure to pesticides or solvents are not known, but the developmental vulnerabilities of children and youth are of particular concern. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and epidemiologic research in pediatric populations is needed to expand the empirical data, particularly for inorganic and organic exposures, musculoskeletal trauma, skin disorders, occupation-induced hearing loss, and psychosocial stress. Rural health professionals can work to reduce these risks to farm youth by becoming more aware of the problem, by conducting clinical and epidemiologic research, and by engaging in advocacy at state and local levels. Language: en
SAM: A Simplified Seasonal ARIMA Model for Mobile Video over Wireless Broadband Networks

Wireless broadband technologies like WiMAX2 are spreading especially in areas where wired broadband is not expected to reach. Video streaming is continuously acquiring a larger share of Internetpsilas traffic resulting in a need to have a reliable video traffic model. In this paper, we analyze several video streams compressed for mobile streaming and develop their optimal Seasonal ARIMA models. Although these optimal models are very different, we find that a simple model, which we call Simplified Seasonal ARIMA Model (SAM), represents all of the streams very well. This model is ideally suitable for video generation in mobile video simulation studies. We also present the parameter values suitable for such studies.
Computation of Rovibrational Eigenvalues of van der Waals Molecules on a CRAY T3D

Two algorithms for computing rovibrational eigen solutions for van der Waals molecules are presented. The performance and scalability of these algorithms are evaluated on a CRAY T3D with 128 processors using Ar?HO as the test molecule. Both algorithms are based on a discrete variable representation (DVR) of the rovibrational Hamiltonian for van der Waals molecules. The first algorithm applies the implicitly restarted Lanczos method (IRLM) of D. C. Sorensen directly to the DVR Hamiltonian to obtain the eigenpairs of interest. The second algorithm transforms the DVR Hamiltonian using the sequential diagonalization and truncation (SDT) approach of Light and co-workers to a reduced order SDT Hamiltonian prior to applying the IRLM. Both algorithms make use of Chebychev polynomial preconditioning to speed up the convergence of the IRLM. An important factor in the performance of the two algorithms is the efficiency of the matrix?vector product operation. Both algorithms make use of a Sylvester-type transformation to convert most DVR matrix?vector operations into a series of significantly lower order matrix?matrix operations. The basic trade-offs between the two algorithms are that the first algorithm has a significantly higher percentage of level-3 BLAS operations, which allows it to achieve higher Mflops, whereas the second algorithm involves the lower order SDT Hamiltonian, which makes the IRLM converge faster. The implementation details (e.g., the distribution of with the different submatrices that form the tensor representation of the DVR Hamiltonian) are central to achieving maximum efficiency and near linear scalability of the algorithms for large values of the total angular momentum.
A Complete Elastic Model for Fluid-Induced and In-Situ Generated Stresses with the Presence of a Borehole

Abstract This paper develops a complete linear elastic model of a square plate with a circular hole in the middle. The model takes into account two horizontal in-situ stresses, the axial stress and stresses due to fluid flow in the borehole and inside the porous plate. The model contains solutions for both plane strain and plane stress conditions. The model has many applications in applied mechanics. In rock mechanics. it gives the total stress field, including the effects of the fluid pressure inside the rock. It may also be used to model the mechanical response of chemical absorption processes like clay swelling or thermal effects. Assuming no porosity or chemical effects inside the material, the model reduces to a set of equations for stress concentration around a drilled hole in a plate. One particular application of the model is in wellbore stability problems as applied to the petroleum and mining industry. Here, the knowledge of the stress fields is of utmost importance for a safe and economical ope...
Cultural Performance and Sport Mrscots

Various arguments against Native American mascots have used assumptions based on similar critiques such as those connected to discourse about colonialism, racism and white hegemony (e.g., Hewitt, 1...
Debates in rural land planning policy: a twentieth century history from New York State

Abstract Rural land planning has attracted much recent interest in the United States. Planners are largely unaware, however, that such planning has a legacy that stretches through the century. This paper presents an account of the history of such planning in New York State, an area where much planning occurred that was both original and innovative. It highlights the ideas encompassed in plans prepared for the state as a whole, focusing on how plans viewed the changing spatial form of the state, and the issue of which level of government should hold primary control for planning. What is revealed is a pattern of debate, consistency and change. The themes of the debate focused on the inevitability of changes in the rural landscape, with the polar positions accepting and challenging the abandonment of rural land with the advancement of industrial capitalism, and the role of local government control in this schema. The metamorphosis in planning ideas is linked to the changing nature of the planning profession. Lessons learned from this history center on the role of the planner and the plan, and the place of vision in planning. While almost all of the issues this history address remain unresolved in theory and practice, the actual circumstances of rural places seem to demand daring rather than timid responses.
Fluoride-treated Roots and Viability and Attachment of Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Topical fluoride treatment is used to help prevent root caries. It may also be useful in periodontal therapy because of its antimicrobial property. In addition, for therapeutic new attachment to occur, the fibroblasts approximating the treated root surface should remain viable, and should also be able to attach and grow onto the treated root surface. These conditions, at least, are required for fluoride not to interfere with new attachment. This study was designed to determine whether treatment of roots with fluoride adversely affects human gingival fibroblasts in culture; and what effect fluoride treatment has on attachment and growth of cells to the root surface.Cells originally obtained from human gingiva were allowed to grow to confluency in multi-well tissue culture petri dishes, and were then incubated for 24 hr in the presence of root sections as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) root-planed only; (3) 2% NaF only; (4) root-planed + 2% NaF; (5) root-planed + citric acid, pH 1 + 2% NaF. In addition, cel...
Industrial ecology and energy systems: a first step

This work is intended to contribute to the foundations for formalizing industrial ecology analyses of energy systems (systems for energy generation, transfer, or transformation) and to examine how the tools for performing these analyses can also enhance the field of industrial ecology in other applications. We discuss requirements for studying materials and energy cycling in industrial processes, with particular emphasis on energy generating systems, through explicit inclusion of entropy concepts in industrial ecology considerations. This perspective is intended to contribute to the theoretical basis for industrial ecology, to the development of tools for comparing the ecological (human and environmental health, and institutional) impacts of energy generating and other industrial processes, and to possible changes in engineering curricula with emphasis on design.
COP1, an arabidopsis regulatory gene, encodes a protein with both a zinc-binding motif and a Gβ homologous domain

Abstract Plant seedling development is capable of following 1 of 2 distinct morphogenic pathways: skotomorphogenesis in darkness and photomorphogenesis in light. Dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings with recessive mutations at the constitutively photomorphogenic ( COP1 ) locus indicate that the wild-type COP1 protein represses photomorphogenesis in darkness and that light reverses this repressive activity. Using a T-DNA-tagged mutant, we have cloned the COP1 locus. The amino-terminal half of the encoded protein contains a conserved zinc-binding motif, whereas the carboxylterminal half contains a domain homologous to the WD-40 repeat motif of G β proteins. The presence of both a putative DNA-binding motif and a G protein-related domain in a single polypeptide suggests that COP1 may be the first of a new class of regulatory molecules. This novel structure could endow COP1 with the capacity to function as a negative transcriptional regulator capable of direct interaction with components of the G protein signaling pathway.
Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management

Cardiac amyloidosis, the primary determinant of prognosis in systemic amyloidoses, is characterized by infiltration of myocardium by amyloid protein resulting in cardiomyopathy and conduction disturbances. Cardiac involvement is primarily encountered in immunoglobulin (AL) and transthyretin-associated (hereditary/familial and senile) amyloidoses. Although the latter variants could be indolent, untreated AL amyloidosis with clinical cardiac involvement is a rapidly fatal disease. The management decisions of cardiac amyloidosis are based on the underlying cause. Although treatment of senile systemic amyloidosis is largely supportive, the therapeutic approaches for AL amyloidosis include chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation, and, rarely, cardiac transplantation. The familial variant is potentially curable with a liver ± cardiac transplantation. This narrative review outlines a practical approach to these challenging diagnoses in the face of rapidly evolving management strategies.
Feeding and drinking following stimulation of the diencephalon of the monkey with amines and other substances

In over 400 micro-injection experiments involving 70 loci within the brain stem of the conscious rhesus monkey (M. mulatta), the diencephalon was mapped in relation to changes in ingestive and other responses to chemical stimulation. Norepinephrine, in a wide range of doses, elicited eating and drinking in the satiated monkey when injected into the anterior-preoptic region, lateral hypothalamus, zona incerta, rostral tegmentum and the periventricular gray region medial to the ventromedial hypothalamus. Other compounds, in order of their potency, which produced ingestive responses were epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (5-HT).
Biphasic left ventricular outflow and its mechanism in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Background Biphasic systolic velocity in the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) occurs in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The cause and importance of this observation remain poorly understood. Methods A total of 25 patients with HOCM were matched to 30 control subjects. A function derived from the relation of flow in the proximal descending aorta to that in the LVOT was used to estimate the LVOT systolic flow rate in HOCM. Patients with HOCM were grouped by absence (group I) or presence (group II) of biphasic LVOT velocity. Results Biphasic LVOT velocity was associated with biphasic estimated LVOT outflow ( P = .002). The LVOT pressure gradient was inversely related to LV outflow rate at the time of the peak gradient ( r = −.64, P Conclusion Biphasic LVOT flow in HOCM occurs and may be caused by "afterload mismatch." The late systolic increase in flow is related to mitral-septal separation. Resolution of systolic anterior motion occurs despite a persistent LVOT pressure gradient, implying a role for forces other than pressure differences.
M-ary differential phase-shift keying with diversity combining for communications over a doubly selective fading channel

The authors analyze the bit and symbol error probabilities of a system employing M-ary differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and equal-gain diversity combining for land mobile radio systems. The channel is a doubly selective fading channel. An efficient iterative expression is given for computation of error probabilities. Expressions are derived for second moments of certain intermediate statistics. The results allow analysis of different systems using M-ary DPSK signaling. An example is included. >
Leaf microbodies (peroxisomes) and catalase localization in plants differing in their photosynthetic carbon pathways.

The tropical grasses sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and pangolagrass (Digitaria decumbens) contained fewer leaf microbodies than temperate orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata). Leaf microbodies were seen in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of tropical grasses. The fibrous elements in the microbodies of tropical grasses differed from those of the temperate grass. Catalase was predominantly localized in the microbodies of leaf cells (3,3′-diaminobenzidine method). The site of greatest catalase activity appeared to be the fibrous and/or crystalline inclusions within the microbodies. The low rates of photorespiration noted in tropical grasses do not appear to be due to the complete absence of the necessary organelles.
Generation of depth-perception information in stereoscopic nuclear magnetic resonance imaging by non-linear magnetic field gradients

Stereoscopic NMR images have been produced in the past. However, because of the gradients are linear, only isometric projections can be produced, i.e., they do not carry correct depth-perception information. The resulting stereoscopic image will not have correct relative sizes at different depths. This paper gives an analysis of what perception information is needed and shows that it can be produced by a non-linear magnetic field gradient. The concept is exemplified by simulations and its implementation is demonstrated successfully by experiments. The depth-encoding gradient can be generated by static steel pieces or by current loops. The procedure can be incorporated into any existing hardware and pulse sequences, and has potential application in surgery.
Possible Hydrodynamical Character of Moving and Stationary Striations

THE striated column of the glow discharge has long been one of the most tantalizing phenomena in Nature. Although many theories have been advanced to account for this effect, none has yet met acceptance except perhaps in limited and specialized situations. The extensive and well-known literature is too voluminous for discussion here. Only a few typical references will be cited1–4. It is the purpose of this communication to direct attention to a mechanism which can give a unifying framework for the basic phenomena of these Striations, The salient features of this new hypothesis will be outlined here; but the details will be reserved for a future report, which is now in process of preparation.
Determination of vertical ozone profiles in the lower troposphere using estimates of the DIAL data quality

New algorithms are developed to improve the methodology of the ozone profile extraction from the signals measured by an ultraviolet DIAL system in a turbid troposphere. A routine procedure is developed to estimate the likely boundaries of the uncertainty in the retrieved ozone concentration profile caused both by the errors in the measured signals and by an uncertainty in the atmospheric characteristics used for the ozone concentration correction (specifically, by uncertainties in the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio and spectral dependence of the aerosol extinction and backscattering). The algorithms are integrated into a computer program, and a preliminary verification of the new technique for the ozone concentration derivation is made with one and two pairs of the signals, measured at the on and off wavelengths of the DIAL system.
Growth of epitaxial pyrite (FeS2) thin films using sequential evaporation

Abstract Pyrite (FeS2), a semiconductor composed of inexpensive, non-toxic elements, has a band gap of ∼0.95 eV and an absorption coefficient higher than conventional direct band gap semiconductors, including GaAs. These facts have inspired the use of pyrite as a potential candidate for terawatt-scale photovoltaic systems. However, there has been limited progress synthesizing thin films of sufficient quality to produce efficient solar cells. Here we describe the layer-by-layer growth of stoichiometric, single-phase pyrite thin films on heated substrates using sequential evaporation of Fe under high vacuum followed by sulfidation at pressures ranging from 1 mTorr to 1 Torr. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals high-quality, defect-free pyrite grains. We demonstrate that epitaxial pyrite layers can be deposited with this method on natural pyrite substrates.
An Upper Oligocene Mammalian Fauna from Southern California.

In a previous paper(1) the writer recorded the presence of upper Eocene land mammals in the Sespe deposits north of the Simi Valley, Ventura County, California. Immediately to the west of the Simi Valley occur the Las Posas Hills, where beds mapped as Sespe form a considerably thinner series of sediments. The chance discovery of fragmentary mammalian remains by Dr. W.S.W. Kew on exposures near the top of this section led to further exploration by field parties of the California Institute with the gratifying result that a large and varied vertebrate assemblage now been obtained. This important site, C.I.T. Vert. Pale. Loc. 126, has come to be called the Kew Quarry and will be referred to in future discussions of the occurrence and fauna under that name.
Symmetrische periphere Gangrän unbekannter Ätiologie

Vorgestellt wird der Fall einer 19-jahrigen Patientin mit akuter symmetrischer peripherer Gangran (SPG) aller Finger und Zehen. Die erweiterte Diagnostik ergab keinen Anhalt fur eine der bekannten Grunderkrankungen mit Ausnahme einer unspezifischen, transienten Kryoglobulinamie. Trotz umgehend eingeleiteter antikoagulativer und antiinflammatorischer Therapie mussten alle Finger und Zehen im gesunden Bereich amputiert werden.
Detection of Pristine Gas Two Billion Years After the Big Bang

In the current cosmological model, only the three lightest elements were created in the first few minutes after the Big Bang; all other elements were produced later in stars. To date, however, heavy elements have been observed in all astrophysical environments. We report the detection of two gas clouds with no discernible elements heavier than hydrogen. These systems exhibit the lowest heavy-element abundance in the early universe, and thus are potential fuel for the most metal-poor halo stars. The detection of deuterium in one system at the level predicted by primordial nucleosynthesis provides a direct confirmation of the standard cosmological model. The composition of these clouds further implies that the transport of heavy elements from galaxies to their surroundings is highly inhomogeneous.
The hydroperoxysulfonium ylide. An aberration or a ubiquitous intermediate

Abstract An intramolecular isotope effect has been measured for the reaction of singlet oxygen with 2,2,8,8-tetradeuterio-1,5-dithiacyclooctane, 4d 4 . The magnitude of the isotope effect, 1.21±0.09, provides verification of removal of an α-hydrogen during the product determining step to form a hydroperoxysulfonium ylide and ultimately the sulfoxide product. The absence of any special structural features in 4d 4 to enhance the propensity of hydrogen removal is used to suggest that the hydroperoxysulfonium ylide is a ubiquitous intermediate in the reactions of sulfides with singlet oxygen.
The Mechanism of Cu+ Transport ATPases INTERACTION WITH CU+ CHAPERONES AND THE ROLE OF TRANSIENT METAL-BINDING SITES

Cu+-ATPases are membrane proteins that couple the hydrolysis of ATP to the efflux of cytoplasmic Cu+. In cells, soluble chaperone proteins bind and distribute cytoplasmic Cu+, delivering the ion to the transmembrane metal-binding sites in the ATPase. The structure of Legionella pneumophila Cu+-ATPase (Gourdon, P., Liu, X. Y., Skjorringe, T., Morth, J. P., Moller, L. B., Pedersen, B. P., and Nissen, P. (2011) Nature 475, 59–64) shows that a kinked transmembrane segment forms a “platform” exposed to the cytoplasm. In addition, neighboring invariant Met, Asp, and Glu are located at the “entrance” of the ion path. Mutations of amino acids in these regions of the Archaeoglobus fulgidus Cu+-ATPase CopA do not affect ATPase activity in the presence of Cu+ free in solution. However, Cu+ bound to the corresponding chaperone (CopZ) could not activate the mutated ATPases, and in parallel experiments, CopZ was unable to transfer Cu+ to CopA. Furthermore, mutation of a specific electronegative patch on the CopZ surface abolishes the ATPase activation and Cu+ transference, indicating that the region is required for the CopZ-CopA interaction. Moreover, the data suggest that the interaction is driven by the complementation of the electropositive platform in the ATPase and the electronegative Cu+ chaperone. This docking likely places the Cu+ proximal to the conserved carboxyl and thiol groups in the entrance site that induce metal release from the chaperone via ligand exchange. The initial interaction of Cu+ with the pump is transient because Cu+ is transferred from the entrance site to transmembrane metal-binding sites involved in transmembrane translocation.
Nonlinear Transient Finite Element Field Computation for Electrical Machines and Devices

This paper describes the procedure for analyzing nonlinear transient electromagnetic phenomena in electrical machines and devices with the finite element method. Two time integration methods are used which are based on (1) an implicit forward difference scheme and (2) the Crank-Nicholson method. The quasilinearization of the nonlinear matrix equation is handled by a simple chord iteration method in the former and the Newton-Raphson scheme in the latter. The associated variational expressions for the time-dependent diffusion equation are obtained in terms of energy-related functionals. The paper includes illustrative examples of application of the methods to one-and two-dimensional time-dependent eddy current problems in a conducting slab, a rotating machine under asynchronous operation, and a three- phase bus-bar enclosure.
A Biomechanical Investigation of an Olecranon Nail in the Fixation of Olecranon Osteotomies

Background The goal of the current cadaver study was to compare two low-profile constructs for olecranon osteotomy repair: an intramedullary screw and tension band and a new olecranon nail. Methods Ten cadaveric elbow pairs were harvested. One of each pair was then randomly assigned to be tested either with a 6.5-mm intramedullary screw and tension band or with the olecranon nail. Using a testing apparatus to simulate an early postoperative motion protocol, the repairs were cyclically loaded. The maximal osteotomy gap observed during loading was recorded. A paired t-test was used for statistical anaylsis. Results The mean peak gap for the osteotomies repaired with the nail was 0.31 mm versus 0.75 mm for the screw. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.158). Conclusion The data obtained demonstrate the olecranon nail performs favourably when compared with an intramedullary screw, with the added benefit of offering a low profile, intramedullary construct.
Using distributed decision-making to optimize power distribution and support microgrids

This paper explores the structure, use, and value of Distributed Grid Management as a process and technology to support distributed grid optimization functions and microgrids to better integrate into the electrical grid small quantities of local, distributed power generated from renewable resources. The paper describes the value of distributed distribution management as it applies to Microgrids to support overall value in moving electricity generation toward a more sustainable model.
Meeting the needs of women veterans

The number of women veterans attending college is increasing. Campus professionals need to be aware of how issues pertaining to mental health, sexual assault, and gender identity may influence how these women make transitions to higher education.
Biomarkers in acute lung injury.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) result in high permeability pulmonary edema causing hypoxic respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality. As the population ages, the incidence of ALI is expected to rise. Over the last decade, several studies have identified biomarkers in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid providing important insights into the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of ALI. Several biomarkers have been validated in subjects from the large, multicenter ARDS clinical trials network. Despite these studies, no single or group of biomarkers has made it into routine clinical practice. New high throughput “omics” techniques promise improved understanding of the biologic processes in the pathogenesis in ALI and possibly new biomarkers that predict disease and outcomes. In this article, we review the current knowledge on biomarkers in ALI.
Matched Spectral Null Codes for Partial Response Channels

A new family of codes that improve the reliability of digital communication over noisy, partial-response channels is described. The codes are intended for use on channels where the input alphabet size is limited. These channels arise in the context of digital data recording and certain data transmission applications. The codes-called matched-spectral-null codes-satisfy the property that the frequencies at which the code power spectral density vanishes correspond precisely to the frequencies at which the channel transfer function is zero. It is shown that matched-spectral-null sequences provide a distance gain on the order of 3 dB and higher for a broad class of partial-response channels. The embodiment of the system incorporates a sliding-block code and a Viterbi detector based upon a reduced-complexity trellis structure. The detectors are shown to achieve the same asymptotic average performance as maximum-likelihood sequence detectors, and the sliding-block codes exclude quasi-catastrophic trellis sequences in order to reduce the required path memory length and improve worst-case detector performance. Several examples are described in detail. >
TIMSS Primary and Middle School Data: Some Technical Concerns

Student scores from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) have been employed as a benchmark to measure school effectiveness in many districts across the United States. Bracey (2000) discussed the TIMSS results at the high school level. This article focuses on an in-depth examination of student performance from the TIMSS primary and middle school studies. The data analyses show substantial uncertainty of the country rankings from the released TIMSS reports. Other technical issues hinge on the instrument construction, curricular inequivalency, and statistical outliers. These analyses raise concerns about the use of the TIMSS benchmark for school reforms in the U.S. Taken together, these concerns have important implications for the interpretation and use of the TIMSS results.
Comparison of Three Methods of Ulnar Fixation in Horses

Objective- This study compares the mechanical properties of three methods of equine ulnar fixation: dynamic compression plating, pins and wires tension band, and a prototype grip system. Study Design- The mechanical properties of dynamic compression plating, pins and wires tension band, and a prototype grip system repair of equine ulnar fractures were evaluated in a cadaveric osteotomy model. Animals or Sample Population- Fifteen pairs of the radius and ulna from equine cadavers. Methods- The three repair techniques were evaluated to mimic the pull of the triceps brachii muscle in single cycle to failure and in cyclic fatigue loading. Single cycle results were evaluated as the axial and angular displacement. Cyclic fatigue results were evaluated as the number of cycles to failure. Results- Dynamic compression plate fixation and pins and wires tension band had significantly less axial displacement of the proximal fragment than the grip system (P <.05). No significant difference in angular rotation of the proximal fragment was present between the three techniques. Dynamic compression plating had significantly greater fatigue resistance than the grip system (P <.05). Cyclic failure was characterized by screw loosening or breakage and wire breakage. Conclusions- Dynamic compression plates were better than the other techniques at maintaining compression of a transverse ulnar osteotomy at the level of the anconeal process just proximal to the trochlear notch. Clinical Relevance- Knowledge of fixation technique mechanical properties is essential for surgeons to select the proper method of fracture repair.
Aiming for Ideal Care: A Proposed Framework for Cancer Quality Improvement

The authors review the advances made in oncology over the past 50 years and describe methods for closing the gap in care quality.
Arrests for Child Pornography Production: Data at Two Time Points From a National Sample of U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies

This study collected information on arrests for child pornography (CP) production at two points (2000-2001 and 2006) from a national sample of more than 2,500 law enforcement agencies. In addition to providing descriptive data about an understudied crime, the authors examined whether trends in arrests suggested increasing CP production, shifts in victim populations, and challenges to law enforcement. Arrests for CP production more than doubled from an estimated 402 in 2000-2001 to an estimated 859 in 2006. Findings suggest the increase was related to increased law enforcement activity rather than to growth in the population of CP producers. Adolescent victims increased, but there was no increase in the proportion of arrest cases involving very young victims or violent images. Producers distributed images in 23% of arrest cases, a proportion that did not change over time. This suggests that much CP production may be primarily for private use. Proactive law enforcement operations increased, as did other features consistent with a robust law enforcement response. Language: en
Identification of a Novel Light Intermediate Chain (D2LIC) for Mammalian Cytoplasmic Dynein 2

The diversity of dynein's functions in mammalian cells is a manifestation of both the existence of multiple dynein heavy chain isoforms and an extensive set of associated protein subunits. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel subunit of the mammalian cytoplasmic dynein 2 complex. The sequence similarity between this 33-kDa subunit and the light intermediate chains (LICs) of cytoplasmic dynein 1 suggests that this protein is a dynein 2 LIC (D2LIC). D2LIC contains a P-loop motif near its NH2 terminus, and it shares a short region of similarity to the yeast GTPases Spg1p and Tem1p. The D2LIC subunit interacts specifically with DHC2 (or cDhc1b) in both reciprocal immunoprecipitations and sedimentation assays. The expression of D2LIC also mirrors that of DHC2 in a variety of tissues. D2LIC colocalizes with DHC2 at the Golgi apparatus throughout the cell cycle. On brefeldin A-induced Golgi fragmentation, a fraction of D2LIC redistributes to the cytoplasm, leaving behind a subset of D2LIC that is localized around the centrosome. Our results suggest that D2LIC is a bona fide subunit of cytoplasmic dynein 2 that may play a role in maintaining Golgi organization by binding cytoplasmic dynein 2 to its Golgi-associated cargo.
Suitability of Acer saccharum and Acer pensylvanicum (Aceraceae) for rearing Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) was compared with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) for use in rearing Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)). Adult females lived longer when caged with twigs and small bolts harvested from A. pensylvanicum during late spring through early fall than with material from A. saccharum collected at the same time. Females had a shorter life-span when fed plant material from either tree species harvested from late fall through winter than with plant material from A. pensylvanicum harvested from late spring through early fall. Female A. glabripennis laid more viable eggs when provided with A. pensylvanicum rather than A. saccharum. Regardless of which of these two tree species females had experienced previously, they always chose to lay more eggs in A. pensylvanicum than in A. saccharum. Rearing A. glabripennis on A. pensylvanicum is therefore more efficient, especially when twigs and wood collected from late spring through early fall are used.
STM Studies of Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces and Silicon Surface Reactions in Controlled Atmospheres

We have assembled a scanning tunneling microscope with an inverted sample that allows the sample surface to be contacted by fluid electrolytes in a controlled atmosphere. A hanging meniscus is formed between the sample and a small cup surrounding the tunneling tip. In-situ imaging of the electrode/electrolyte interface is conveniently achieved with clean samples under potentiostatic control. The functioning of the microscope is illustrated by the imaging of the electrodeposition of copper on gold. This microscope has been used to image hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces and to demonstrate that islands, tentatively assigned as silicon oxide, are formed on rinsing in water but can be avoided if the surface is not rinsed on withdrawal from the ammonium fluoride etching solution. Finally, STM shows that the convenient, gas-phase photochlorination of H-Si(111) produces the simple Cl-Si(111)(1×1) structure with little or no etching of the silicon surface.
Outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli infections after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate.

Design. We conducted an investigation after identifying a cluster of 4 serious infections following transrectal ultrasound–guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUBP) during a 2-month period.Setting. Veterans Affairs medical center.Patients. Patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) after TRUBP and time-matched controls with no evidence of infection.Methods. The incidence of UTI within 30 days after TRUBP was calculated from 2002 through 2010. We evaluated the correlation between infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and fluoroquinolone resistance in outpatient Escherichia coli urinary isolates and performed a case-control study to determine risk factors for infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant GNB. Processes for TRUBP prophylaxis, procedures, and equipment sterilization were reviewed.Results. An outbreak of UTI due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after TRUBP began 2 years before the cluster was identified and was correlated with increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in...
The Importance of Chain Connectivity in the Formation of Non-covalent Interactions between Polymers and Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and its Impact on Dispersion

In this study we investigate the formation of non-covalent electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions between polymers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with the goal of optimizing interfacial adhesion and homogeneity of nanocomposites without modifying the SWNT native surface. Nanocomposites of SWNTs and three sets of polymer matrices with varying composition of electron donating 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) or electron accepting acrylonitrile (AN) and cyanostyrene (CNSt) were prepared, quantitatively characterized by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (Raman mapping, Raman D* peak shifts) and qualitatively compared through thick film composite visualization. The experimental data show that copolymers with 30 mol% DMAEMA, 45 mol% AN, 23 mol% CNSt and polyacrylonitrile homopolymer have the highest extent of intermolecular interaction, which translates to an optimum SWNT spatial dispersion among the series. These results are found to correlate very well with the intermolecular interaction energies obtained from quantum density functional theory calculations. Both experimental and computational results also illustrate that chain connectivity is critical in controlling the accessibility of the functional groups to form intermolecular interactions. This means that an adequate distance between interacting functional groups on a polymer chain is needed in order to allow efficient intermolecular contact. Thus, controlling the amount of electron donating or withdrawing moieties throughout the polymer chain will direct the extent of EDA interaction, which enables tuning the SWNT dispersion.
Time Course of Cortical Activations in Implicit and Explicit Recall

The distinction between implicit and explicit retrieval of learned material is central to recent thinking about the neural systems underlying memory. Word stem completion is one task in which subjects can be instructed either to make a deliberate recall (explicit instruction) or to be told to complete the stem with any appropriate word (implicit instruction). Positron emission tomography (PET) studies have indicated that during implicit retrieval, there is reduced blood flow in right posterior areas, whereas some tasks of explicit retrieval involve frontal and hippocampal activation. However, there is no information about the timing of these activations or how implicit and explicit retrieval might be related. We used word stem completion tasks similar to those used in the PET studies, but used high-density electrical recording designed to allow localization of the regions involved in the tasks and to provide temporal information. We found reduced activity for primed words in right posterior cortex corresponding to previous PET results. The reduction occurred within the first 200 msec after input, suggesting early interaction with the information stored in this area. Similar reductions observed during explicit recall of the previously presented words indicate that priming is similar under implicit and explicit conditions. In addition, when priming was not an adequate basis for response, then frontal areas were active. Retrieval of unprimed words under implicit instruction elicited right frontal activation, whereas explicit retrieval activated frontal areas bilaterally. Left frontal and hippocampal activations appear to occur only when the retrieval involved use of the words from the list studied previously.