cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupled Radiation-Gasdynamic Solution Methodology with a Multispecies-Multitemperature Thermal Model

This paper summarizes the results of efforts to loosely couple the line-by-line radiation solver SPRADIAN with the multispecies-multitemperature nonequilibrium flow solver NH7AIR. The tangent-slab approximation was utilized to solve the radiative transport equation and calculate the radiative source terms. Comparison is made between the coupled and uncoupled solutions of selected trajectory points from the FIRE II flight experiment. The effects of coupling on thermochemical nonequilibrium are briefly examined, together with the respective implications for radiative transport. Uncoupled results obtained under the subject thermal model are indicative of a stronger radiative cooling effect relative to the popular two-temperature model and thus a stronger coupling between radiative and convective mechanisms of heat transfer. Coupled results for radiative intensity at the stagnation point exhibit good agreement with the examined experimental data, especially for highly radiative flowfields for which the error was as low as 14%. Finally, the finite volume method for radiative heat transfer is demonstrated in an uncoupled fashion. Nomenclature , v s C = constant volume specific heat, species s (J/kg-K) a D = ambipolar diffusion coefficient (m 2 /s) ˆ s D = dissociation energy, species s (J/kg) e = elementary charge (C) * E = equilibrium energy (J/kg) e E = total energy of free electrons (J/kg) , el s e = electronic energy, species s (J/kg) i E = component of electric field vector (N/C) , v s E = total vibrational energy of species s (J/kg) , v s e = vibrational energy, species s (J/kg) ** , v s e = vibrational energy at electron temperature (J/kg) s e = internal energy of species s (J/kg) 0 s e = heat of formation, species s (J/kg)
Acute polyarticular gout presenting as delirium.

R heumatological disorders are not frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with delirium and fever. Nonetheless, there are case reports of elderly patients who have developed delirium secondary to calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD). In such cases, patients with delirium and CPPD underwent extensive evaluations which revealed no causes for delirium other than CPPD, and they experienced dramatic improvements in their mental status when treated with corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and colchicine. A proposed mechanism of delirium in CPPD is activation of inflammatory mediators and cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), which have been shown to result in numerous central nervous system effects. Although delirium secondary to CPPD has been well described, we could find only a single report in the French literature of an elderly woman who presented with a febrile encephalopathy that was attributed to polyarticular gout. To our knowledge, we present the first report in the English literature of a patient with delirium secondary to acute polyarticular gout.
Vector competence of selected mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) for California strains of Northway virus (Bunyaviridae: Bunyavirus).

Selected mosquito species from Central Valley, coastal, and alpine habitats of California were evaluated for their vector competence for Northway (NOR) virus. Culiseta incidens Thomson, Culiseta inornata (Williston), and Anopheles freeborni Aitken were the only competent vectors when fed virus. Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow), as well as alpine snow pool Aedes (i.e., Ae. cataphylla Dyar, Ae. hexodontus Dyar, Ae. increpitus Dyar and Ae. tahoensis Dyar), Ae. melanimon Dyar, Ae. washinoi Lanzaro & Eldridge, Culex erythrothorax Dyar, and Cx. tarsalis Coquillett were highly refractory to peroral infection. Alpine snow pool species were poor vectors even following parenteral infection, but 21*.xml35% of intrathoracically inoculated Ae. sierrensis from several lower elevation localities and 39*.xml46% of parenterally infected Cx. tarsalis were able to transmit NOR virus per os. Perorally infected Cs. inornata transmitted NOR virus vertically to their F1 adult progeny at a low rate (minimal filial infection rate, 1:248).
Psychic Defenses against High Fear Appeals: A Key Marketing Variable:

Why does the cigarette smoker continue to smoke in face of torrents of data indicating the potential dangers of his habit? Conversely, why did the mere whisper of danger cause cranberry sales to pl...
In Vivo Optical Detection of Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus with Endoscopic Light Scattering Spectroscopy

Abstract The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is increasing more rapidly than any other type of carcinoma in the United States. Almost 100% of cases occur in patients with Barrett’s esophagus, a benign condition in which metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces the normal squamous epithelium of the esophagus. Although the prognosis of patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma is poor, the chances of successful treatment increase significantly if the disease is detected at the dysplastic stage. Recently, we developed the clinical endoscopic polarized light scattering spectroscopy imaging instrument which performs rapid optical scanning and multispectral imaging of the entire esophageal surface and provides diagnoses in near real time. By detecting and mapping suspicious sites, guided biopsy of invisible, precancerous dysplasia becomes practicable.
Microwave digestion-AAS determination of lead and cadmium in aquatic products

Objective:By optimizing the conditions of microwave digestion,we establish a fast and simple pretreament method to determine the heavy metals of cadmium and lead in aquatic products.Methods:First pretreat the aquatic products in middle temperature and pressure by rapid microwave digestion system.Second use high temperature and high pressure digestion method to digest the total sample after cooling and leting the gas out.Third use the method of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to determine the lead and cadmium.Results:Dealing with the aquatic products by microwave digestion,the relative standard deviation(RSD) of lead is 2.8% and RSD of cadmium is 5.0%.And the recoveries of lead is 95.5%~104.1% and the cadmium is 93.3%~106.6%.Conclusion:The advantage of microwave digestion technology is fast,simple and accurate,and the microwave digestion technology is a ideal pretreatment technology applying to determine the lead and cadmium in the aquatic products.
Modeling Decision Flow Dynamics for the Reliable Assessment of Human Performance, Crew Size and Total Ownership Cost

This chapter aims to demonstrate research progress and current understanding of the impact of acquisition technology selection and manning decisions on maintenance, sustainment, training and total ownership costs for the increasingly complex naval platform. The chapter demonstrates a comprehensive approach based on system dynamics modeling to model complex processes and technology insertion alternatives, with the emphasis on constructing a reliable system dynamics model of the total ownership cost (TOC) and related major human-system components categorized in two groups: human-system performance and manpower skill model to support conducting tradeoff analysis and, technology integration and insertion processes. The system dynamics models presented as the building blocks to ultimately help management determine the required skills and manpower needs in order to meet long term strategic goals of reduced manning and reduced total ownership cost, and avoiding performance risks and hazards. Along with this core model, this chapter three illustrates interaction matrices, redundancy level matrix, crew flexibility matrix and technology interaction matrix. The benefit of the models approach process is to identify the critical factors that lead to unwanted and unforeseen results or behaviors which can affect the attainment of new and/or desired capabilities and total systems readiness. In conclusion, simulated model results demonstrate the ability to track both total ownership cost and the performance of the underlying processes for enhanced decision flow models and reliable assessment.
The effect of gas phase polydimethylsiloxane surface treatment of metallic aluminum particles: Surface characterization and flow behavior

Abstract Aluminum particles were exposed to gaseous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to produce a hydrophobic surface coating for enhanced flow and fluidity. Surface retention of the intact PDMS was confirmed through infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was used to image cross-sections of the treated particles and energy dispersive spectroscopy element maps demonstrated the presence of a surface layer consisting of silicon and oxygen. Density measurements provided evidence for improvements in the Hausner ratio and Carr index of the PDMS-treated aluminum, indicating a reduction in inter-particulate cohesion through increased bulk density. Stability, compressibility, shear, aeration, and permeability of the particles were assessed by powder rheometer. The compressibility was reduced by approximately 32% following surface treatment, revealing a reduction in void space, while Mohr’s circle analysis and shear testing determined that the extrapolated cohesion value was reduced by approximately 53% and the flow factor at 6 kPa was doubled. Aeration testing showed that the air velocity required to obtain a fluidized bed was on the order of 0.35 mm/s for the treated powder, whereas the raw powder could not be uniformly fluidized. PDMS may be a viable option for the large-scale treatment of aluminum powder for flow applications.
Micro-Doppler analysis in ISAR - review and perspectives

Micro-Doppler analysis concerns the extraction and exploitation of time-varying Doppler frequency shifts produced by mechanical oscillations of a target or target components. Examples of oscillatory motion include mechanical displacements or vibrations of target surfaces, rotations of target components, target spin, precession, or nutation. Such periodic motion modulates the Doppler frequency shift produced by translational motion and manifests itself as localized and time-varying Doppler frequency sidebands. In this paper, we will discuss methods for analyzing, visualizing, and exploiting these micro-Doppler signatures, and present examples of micro-Doppler signatures resulting from both rigid and nonrigid body micro-motion. Appropriate physical motion models will be described and applied to computational electromagnetic tools that generate simulated radar backscattering. Joint time-frequency signal representations will be used to visualize these signatures. We will also discuss challenges, research efforts and our perspectives on the utility of radar micro- Doppler exploitation.
Virtual) Water Flows Uphill toward Money

This study provides a more precise understanding of the main driving forces of anthropogenic water use across countries. The anthropogenic water use was distinguished as blue water (i.e., fresh surface and groundwater) and total water (i.e. blue + green water; green water is rainwater insofar as it does not become runoff) used for producing, consuming, exporting, and importing of primary and manufactured goods and services, measured on a per country and per capita basis. The population effect on national blue water consumption associated with producing and consuming was found to be bigger than what the commonly assumed unitary population elasticity indicates. Distinct from the homogeneous affluence-water relationships conventionally assumed, this study revealed varying and potentially opposite effects affluence can have depending on the water use account of interest (e.g., production-based or consumption-based, blue or green) and the income level. Affluence, not the availability of freshwater resources, w...
The effect of environmental temperature on reptilian peripheral blood B cell functions

Recent studies have identified phagocytic B cells in a variety of species, yet little is understood about their function and how it is influenced by natural environmental variation, such as temperature. Phagocytic B-cells are present in red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, and the wide range of temperatures experienced by these ectotherms may have an effect on immunity, including B cell antibody secretion and phagocytosis. We examined the impact of environmental temperature on B cell function in vitro using phagocytic and ELISpot assays conducted at biologically relevant temperatures. We found a significant effect of temperature on antibody secretion, with maximal antibody secretion occurring at intermediate temperatures (estimated maximum of 28.8°C). There was no effect of temperature on phagocytosis. We also noted a difference in the efficiency of phagocytosis in this assay between B cells and non-B cells. Interestingly, in our in vitro assay, phagocytic B cells engulfed more foreign fluorescent beads per cell than phagocytes lacking surface immunoglobulin. This work sheds light on our understanding of phagocytic B cells and the importance of environmental temperature on the behavior of reptilian immune cells, which may have relevance for organismal fitness.
Close encounters: “Monstrous” bodies and literary knowledge in early modern France

Abstract In this essay, I study a series of moments from early modern literature in which characters confront “monstrous” bodies or abnormal bodies. I study how these scenes raise issues about the reading of the non-normal body. I trace the ways in which the interpretation of the non-normal body poses problems for fiction, and for the relationship between epistemological authority, on the one hand, and the knowledge generated by literature, on the other hand. I suggest that one way to understand the enduring appeal of the “monstrous” is as a motivating factor that generates innovation, both thematic and formal, in art. I argue that the “monstrous” both motivates literary originality and threatens the categories through which literary authority is articulated. My general argument is that we cannot understand the history of the monstrous without attention to the history of literature – and vice versa.
Enhancing tissue permeability with MRI guided preclinical focused ultrasound system in rabbit muscle: From normal tissue to VX2 tumor.

Abstract High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is an emerging noninvasive, nonionizing physical energy based modality to ablate solid tumors with high power, or increase local permeability in tissues/tumors in pulsed mode with relatively low power. Compared with traditional ablative HIFU, nondestructive pulsed HIFU (pHIFU) is present in the majority of novel applications recently developed for enhancing the delivery of drugs and genes. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of pHIFU to change tissue local permeability for enhanced drug delivery in both mouse tumors and mouse muscle. Further study based on bulk tissues in large animals and clinical HIFU system revealed correlation between therapeutic effect and thermal parameters, which was absent in the previous mouse studies. In this study, we further investigated the relation between the therapeutic effect of pHIFU and thermal parameters in bulky normal muscle tissues based on a rabbit model and a preclinical HIFU system. Correlation between therapeutic effect and thermal parameters was confirmed in our study on the same bulk tissues although different HIFU systems were used. Following the study in bulky normal muscle tissues, we further created bulky tumor model with VX2 tumors implanted on both hind limbs of rabbits and investigated the feasibility to enhance tumor permeability in bulky VX2 tumors in a rabbit model using pHIFU technique. A radiolabeled peptidomimetic integrin antagonist, 111In-DOTA-IA, was used following pHIFU treatment in our study to target VX2 tumor and serve as the radiotracer for follow-up single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning. The results have shown significantly elevated uptake of 111In-DOTA-IA in the area of VX2 tumors pretreated by pHIFU compared with the control VX2 tumors not being pretreated by pHIFU, and statistical analysis revealed averaged 34.5% enhancement 24 h after systematic delivery of 111In-DOTA-IA in VX2 tumors pretreated by pHIFU compared with the control VX2 tumors.
Comparison of brand versus generic antiepileptic drug adverse event reporting rates in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Objective Despite the cost saving role of generic anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), debate exists as to whether generic substitution of branded AEDs may lead to therapeutic failure and increased toxicity. This study compared adverse event (AE) reporting rates for brand vs. authorized generic (AG) vs. generic AEDs. Since AGs are pharmaceutically identical to brand but perceived as generics, the generic vs. AG comparison minimized potential bias against generics.
Sampling Protein Energy Landscapes – The Quest for Efficient Algorithms

Computer simulations aim to become virtual microscopes that can probe the working of cells on a molecular level. One of the remaining obstacles is still poor sampling. This chapter reviews strategies for faster sampling and discusses their limitations. Recent applications to protein folding document the utility of the described techniques.
Metallic Stents in Malignant Biliary Obstruction: Autopsy Findings on Causes of Obstruction

Endoscopic and/or transhepatic insertion of expandable metal endoprostheses is increasingly becoming the preferred method of palliative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction. Several stent designs are currently available for treatment of malignant jaundice. The most commonly used for transhepatic placement are the Wallstent (Schneider Europe AG, Bulach, Switzerland), the modified Gianturco-Rosch stent (Cook Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA) and the Strecker balloon-expandable tantalum or self- expanding nitinol stent (Meditec, Boston Scientific, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA) (LAMMER et al. 1990,1991; IRVING et al. 1989; YOSHIOKA et al. 1990; GILLAMS et al. 1990; ADAM et al. 1991; LAMERIS et al. 1991; MARTIN et al. 1990; BEZZI et al. 1994; Rossi et al. 1994; JASCHKE et al. 1992). The Wallstent may also be implanted via the retrograde endoscopic approach (BOGUTH et al. 1994).
Standardized irrigation technique reduces intraabdominal abscess after appendectomy.

Abstract Purpose The utility of irrigation at the time of appendectomy for acute appendicitis has been debated, with recent studies showing no benefit to irrigation. In our practice, two techniques have been used; one in which irrigation was at the discretion of the surgeon, and one in which irrigation was standardized. The standardized irrigation technique involved large volume (3–12 l) irrigation in small, focused, directed aliquots to achieve optimal dilution. We sought to retrospectively assess whether the standardized large volume irrigation technique was associated with measurably reduced intraabdominal infection. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in intraabdominal infection rate. Methods Medical records for cases of appendectomies performed for acute appendicitis, years 2007 through 2017, were reviewed (n = 432). Rate of subsequent abdominal infection was compared between patients who underwent the standardized large volume irrigation technique compared to those who did not using Fisher's exact test; p Results For patients that underwent the standardized large volume irrigation technique there were no (0/140) subsequent abdominal infections within the study period, compared with a rate of 6.2% (18/292) for all other patients (p value 0.001). Among cases that had a perforated appendix (n = 105), the rates were 0% (0/31) compared to 18.9% (14/74; p value 0.009). Conclusions Utilization of a standardized large volume irrigation technique with the objective of serial dilution is associated with a significantly lower rate of subsequent abdominal infection, even among cases with a perforated appendix. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate this technique. Level of Evidence Level III. Type of study Treatment study.
Rosetta-Alice II: an upgraded UV spectrograph for a Rosetta-type mission

The European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, launched 2004, carried the first in the Southwest Research Institute’s (SwRI’s) Alice series of ultraviolet imaging spectrographs. Subsequent iterations of the instrument are currently operational on NASA’s New Horizons, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Juno missions, launched 2006, 2009 and 2011, respectively, and two further versions of the spectrograph are in development at SwRI for flight on ESA’s JUICE mission to the Jovian system (Phase C) and NASA’s Europa Clipper mission (Phase B). While the basic optical design is similar for all versions of the instrument, developments in microchannel plate (MCP) detector and electronics technology have enhanced the scientific return of the more recent Alice spectrographs, with some corresponding increase in the mass and power of the system. Here, we describe a reevaluation of the Rosetta-Alice (R-Alice) instrument design based on updated technology, lessons learned from subsequent Alice-type instrument development, and a “wish list” of suggested improvements in instrument performance provided by the R-Alice Science Team. The resulting instrument design, which we designate R-Alice II, would form the baseline concept for an ultraviolet instrument proposed by the SwRI UVS/Alice team for future Rosetta-type missions.
A Psycholegal Model of Hostile Environments: The Role of Dehumanization

The United States Supreme Court has held that hostile work environment sexual harassment is unwelcome conduct, based on sex, which is “sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of employment and create an abusive working environment”. Hostile environments can be extended to other federally protected factors such as race and ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability, and even unprotected factors such as social class, education level, and sexual orientation. The authors propose a psycholegal model to find where the law of hostile environments and the psychology of dehumanization intersect. Specifically, the authors propose that two types of dehumanization result in hostile environments: animalistic and mechanistic. As a result, the integration of social psychology and law can shed light on the study of discrimination law.
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Types in language design and implementation

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 5th ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Types in Language Design and Implementation -- TLDI'10. The TLDI workshops are a continuation of the Types in Compilation -- TIC workshops, the first of which was held in 1997. Initially biennial, TLDI is now an annual workshop. This series of workshops brings together researchers working in all programming paradigms and areas influenced by types. The role of types in all aspects of language design, compiler construction, and software development has expanded greatly in recent years. Type systems, type-based analyses, and reasoning frameworks have led to new concepts in compilation techniques for modern programming languages, verification of safety and security properties of programs, program transformation and optimization, and many other areas. The mission of these workshops is to bring together researchers in all these areas to share novel ideas and stimulate interaction and discussion on the ever expanding use of types. The call for papers attracted 15 submissions from Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The program committee accepted 8 papers that cover a variety of topics, including typed compilation, low-level code, static analysis, and typed semantics.
Identification of hydroclimate subregions for seasonal drought monitoring in the U.S. Great Plains

Abstract Identification of subregions that share similar historical drought variability provides useful information for drought monitoring, mitigation planning, and resource allocation. This study examined space-time historical drought variability for the Great Plains spanning from 1901 to 2015 by using rotated Empirical Orthogonal Functions (rEOFs). The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) on a three-month timescale was utilized to examine spatial and temporal changes in agricultural drought. We propose a new procedure for identifying the number of rEOFs to be selected for reconstructing subregions. Drought event intensities of moderate, severe, and extreme categories increased in recent years although the number of drought events decreased. Seasonal rEOFs demonstrated that 9–12 subregions were adequate to explain a significant proportion of the original variability in the Great Plains. The time series for each subregion was highly correlated to the original SPEI data and reflected the seasonal meteorological processes that drive drought variability. Several significant wetting trends were found, and there was statistical evidence that drought and wetting event severities had increased for a few subregions. Summer drought has become more variable across space and time, indicating that a more diverse set of resources and strategies might be needed to mitigate impacts of spatially-variable drought and wetting events in coming decades. Winter season drought has become less variable, indicating that perhaps resources could be consolidated when dealing with impacts on a larger scale; however, less variability implies that drought and wetting events may occur across larger regions of the Great Plains during a given season.
After Consumer Welfare, Now What? The "Protection of Competition" Standard in Practice

The consumer welfare standard in antitrust has been heavily criticized. But would, in fact, abandoning the “consumer welfare” standard make the antitrust law too unworkable and indeterminate? I argue that there is such a thing as a post-consumer welfare antitrust that is practicable and arguably as predictable as the consumer welfare standard. In practice, the consumer welfare standard has not set a high bar. The leading alternative standard, the “protection of competition” is at least as predictable, and arguably more determinate than the exceeding abstract abstract consumer welfare test, while being much truer the legislative intent underlying the antitrust laws. More concretely, we should return to asking, in most antitrust cases, the following question: Given a suspect conduct (or merger): Is this merely part of the competitive process, or is it meant to “suppress or even destroy competition?” This standard actually already forms a part of antitrust doctrine. What changes is eliminating “consumer welfare” as a final or necessary consideration in every case.
Depression precedes, but does not follow, gestational diabetes

Objectives To determine whether past history of depression is associated with increased rates of gestational diabetes, and whether history of gestational diabetes is associated with increased rates of postpartum depression. Research design Data for this case-control study consisted of de-identified chart records for 1439 women who received pregnancy care at a large university hospital between 1998 and 2017. Results A history of depression prior to pregnancy was associated with gestational diabetes requiring insulin, although not with subtler degrees of gestational hyperglycemia. Diabetes in pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression. Trauma history was associated with both impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy and postpartum depression. Conclusions Past episodes of depression increase risk for the most severe form of gestational diabetes; however, gestational diabetes does not contribute significantly to risk for postpartum depression. This suggests a unidirectional association, unlike the bidirectional association of diabetes with depression among the general population. History of trauma increases risk for both gestational hyperglycemia and postpartum depression, suggesting important health effects of trauma that may differ measurably from those associated with depression.
Mediation Relationships Among Gender, Spatial Ability, Math Anxiety, and Math Achievement

In this review, findings from studies investigating gender differences in spatial ability, math anxiety, and math achievement, the relationship between spatial ability and math anxiety, between spatial ability and math achievement, and between math anxiety and math achievement are synthesized. As a result of this synthesis, a sequential mediation model that allows simultaneous testing of two mediational relationships has been derived. Within this model, paths from gender to spatial ability, from spatial ability to math anxiety, and from math anxiety to math achievement are more strongly supported by prior studies than the paths from gender to math anxiety, from gender to math achievement, and from math achievement to math anxiety.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection: a cognitive task analysis framework toward training design

One of the major impediments to the proliferation of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) training in Western countries is the lack of sufficient experts as instructors. One way to address this gap is to develop didactic systems, such as surgical simulators, to support the role of trainers. Cognitive task analysis (CTA) has been used in healthcare for the design and improvement of surgical training programs, and therefore can potentially be used for design of similar systems for ESD. The aim of the study was to apply a CTA-based approach to identify the cognitive aspects of performing ESD, and to generate qualitative insights for training. Semi-structured interviews were designed based on the CTA framework to elicit knowledge of ESD practitioners relating to the various tasks involved in the procedure. Three observations were conducted of expert ESD trainers either while they performed actual ESD procedures or at a training workshop. Interviews were either conducted over the phone or in person. Interview participants included four experts and four novices. The observation notes and interviews were analyzed for emergent qualitative themes and relationships. The qualitative analysis yielded thematic insights related to four main cognition-related categories: learning goals/principles, challenges/concerns, strategies, and decision-making. The specific insights under each of these categories were systematically mapped to the various tasks inherent to the ESD procedure. The CTA approach was applied to identify cognitive themes related to ESD procedural tasks. Insights developed based on the qualitative analysis of interviews and observations of ESD practitioners can be used to inform the design of ESD training systems, such as virtual reality-based simulators.
Controlling the propagation of quantum entanglement through a scattering medium by wavefront shaping

We generalize optical wavefront shaping to the quantum domain and use it for reconstructing spatial entanglement between photon pairs that have been randomized after propagation through a scattering medium.
Dynamic Control of Virtual Hand Grasp Using Spatiotemporal Synergies

Recent advances in assistive hand devices have produced high degree of freedom systems which are capable of complex grasping, however user-friendly control of these sophisticated devices is still an open topic in research. Synergy-based controllers which dimensionally reduced the control problem were present in the literature, however they used spatial/postural synergies which are static over time. In this paper, we proposed the first control system based on spatiotemporal synergies which is scalable to any number of degrees of freedom, any number of synergies, and any duration of synergy. The controller was tested on prior data in which ten subjects performed 50 object grasps and 36 American Sign Language letters and numbers. The tuned response of the controller, the $l_{1}$ -norm reconstruction error, and the simulation error were all reported in detail. The angular error between the simulated model and recorded states decayed rapidly from 23.1±19.98% with the first synergy to 6.18±8.75% for synergies 1 to 6 and 2.29±3.35% for synergies 1 to 10 and was statistically similar to the reconstruction error of the angular trajectories. Minor improvements in performance were observed when using higher-order synergies, implying a tradeoff between accuracy and control complexity. The data shown here can be used to select the number of synergies to use in control based on the accuracy of the controller and the accuracy of the controlled robotic system. The resulting system achieved high grasping dexterity with minimal computational or manual effort for assistive devices.
Mad Men and the Staging of Literature via Ken Cosgrove and His Problems

In this chapter, Shapiro explores the representation of literature and literary authorship in Max Wiener’s Mad Men. Shapiro argues that Mad Men uses the character of Ken Cosgrove to interrogate modernist notions of literature as a form of cultural production opposed to commercial interests and to deconstruct modernist notions of the literary artist as a uniquely alienated individual. Ultimately, Shapiro claims that, through Ken, Mad Men produces a counter-narrative of literary production that positions literature as a genre of advertising designed to reproduce ‘the author’ as a means of reifying the illusion of individuality—that is, of selfhood or subjectivity—upon which capitalism depends.
Fast and Efficient Measurement of Clinical and Biological Samples Using Immunoassay-Based Multiplexing Systems

Immunoassay is one of the most commonly used biomedical techniques to detect the expression of an antibody or an antigen in a test sample. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for a variety of applications including diagnostic tools and quality controls. However, one of the main limitations of ELISA is its lack of multiplexing ability, so ELISA may not be an efficient diagnostic tool when a measurement of multiple determinants is needed for samples with limited quantity such as blood or biological samples from newborns or babies. Although similar to ELISA in assay measurement, multiplex platforms such as bead-based Luminex and multi-array-based MSD (Meso Scale Discovery) are widely used to measure multiple biomarkers from a single analysis. Luminex is a xMAP-based technology that combines several different technologies to provide an efficient and accurate measurement of multiple analytes from a single sample. The multiplexing can be achieved because up to 100 distinct Luminex color-coded microsphere bead sets can be coated with a reagent specific to a particular bioassay, allowing the capture and detection of specific analytes from a sample. Using Multi-array and electrochemiluminescence technologies, the MSD platform provides the multiplex capability with similar consistence as observed in ELISA. Various biological samples that can be analyzed by both Luminex and MSD systems include serum, plasma, tissue and cell lysate, saliva, sputum, and bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL). The most common Luminex and MSD-based assays are to detect a combined set of cytokines to provide a measurement of cytokine expression profiling for a diagnostic purpose.
A Pilot Study of a Self-voicing Computer Program for Prealgebra Math Problems

Fourteen students with visual impairments in Grades 5-12 participated in the field-testing of AnimalWatch-VI-Beta. This computer program delivered 12 prealgebra math problems and hints through a self-voicing audio feature. The students provided feedback about how the computer program can be improved and expanded to make it accessible to all users.
Management of Physical Function in Older Adults with Dementia

Maintenance of physical function is important in older adults to preserve independence, decrease falls, and improve quality of life. Supporting physical function presents specific challenges in older adults with cognitive issues given the relationship between cognitive and gait disorders. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment have been noted to have abnormalities in velocity, stride length, stride time, and coefficient of variation compared to cognitively intact individuals. Gait parameters degrade further as patients progress through the course of dementia. There is evidence that exercise can improve gait parameters in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild-to-moderate dementia, although the research regarding the impact on falls is mixed. The impact of exercise on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms is also varied. In general, a regular physical activity program should be encouraged in all individuals with dementia. The program should be developed in collaboration with the patient, caregiver, primary care provider, and physical therapist or physiatrist. Exercise classes for older adults with cognitive decline should incorporate repetition with variation, functional movements, step-by-step instructions, participant goals, and social interaction.
Implications of excluded volume for chemical inhibition of protein fibrillation.

Abstract Two quantitative models for the effect of high total macromolecular volume occupancy (‘macromolecular crowding’) upon the chemical inhibition of protein fibrillation are presented. The first assumes that fibrillation is reversible, and the second assumes that fibrillation is irreversible. Both models predict that small molecule inhibitors will be less effective in crowded media than in dilute media, whereas macromolecular inhibitors are likely to retain their efficiency in crowded media. It is suggested that the coupling of one or more small-molecule inhibitors to an “inert” macromolecular support will increase inhibition efficiency in crowded media.
Abstract 1510: Immune regulators identified in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) subpopulations

Introduction: UPS is a common subtype of soft tissue sarcoma with limited effective systemic therapies. We previously showed that a murine model of UPS has various subpopulations (SPs), characterized by distinct morphology, molecular changes, and oncogenic behaviors that likely contribute to the overall behavior of UPS. Here, we aimed to characterize interactions between UPS SPs to identify pathways important in UPS progression. Methods: We used a murine model of UPS that recapitulates the human disease. Cre recombinase drives oncogenic KRAS-G12D, P53 deletion, and expression of confetti fluorescent protein to allow for in vivo lineage tracing. Individual SPs were isolated via FACS and cultured in the presence of conditioned media (CM) from other individual SPs. Growth rate was assayed using the IncuCyte system (Essen BioScience), and cell proliferation was measured using the Click-iT EdU flow cytometry assay kit. Invasion and migration were assayed using a cell culture insert with or without Matrigel, with CM or non-CM in the lower chamber. Cells migrating/invading into the lower chamber were counted. We performed proteomics analysis on the CM from the SP that potentiated growth and invasion to define the secretome of this SP. The CCL2/CCL7/CCL8 inhibitor, bindarit, was added to CM and cell confluency was assessed as above. RNAseq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to generate immune infiltration scores in human UPS samples. These scores were correlated with expression of lead candidates from our secretome analysis. Results: CM from one UPS SP (SP-1) increased the growth rate and invasion/migration of one other SP (SP-2). Proteomics analysis identified 233 secreted proteins in the CM from SP-1, including 37 with two-fold higher abundance compared to SP-2. Among these, several immunoregulatory proteins were identified, including serpine 1, CCL2, CCL7, CXCL1, and CX3CL1. Culture with bindarit abolished the effect of SP-1 CM on growth rate. Additionally, we found several semaphorins in the secretomes of SP-1 and SP-2, and emerging evidence suggests a key role for semaphorins in cancer progression and immune regulation. Semaphorin expression correlated with immune infiltration scores in human UPS samples. Conclusions: We identified a UPS SP that positively regulates oncogenic behaviors of other SPs through secreted factors. Additionally, several of these secreted proteins play key roles in immune regulation. Given promising activity of immunotherapy in UPS, these proteins warrant further investigation. Citation Format: Candace Lynn Haddox, Junjie Bao, Tomasa Barrientos, Benjamin A. Alman. Immune regulators identified in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) subpopulations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1510.
Multicentric focal acinar cell hyperplasia and hepatocyte-like cell metaplasia are induced by nitrosomethylurea in rat pancreas.

The present report is a study of the effect of the carcinogen nitrosomethylurea (NMU) on pancreas of rats receiving during lifetime a lipid-poor diet, that is essential fatty acid deficient or control diets. Rats fed a commercial stock chow were mated. At day 10 of pregnancy, dams were divided into three groups, that were respectively supplied with the commercial chow, the essential fatty acid deficient or the sufficient diet. Each litter was separated at random in two groups that received at day one of life one intraperitoneal injection of NMU (50 mg/kg b.w.) or saline. After weaning, they were maintained for life with the diet that was supplied to their mothers. The pancreas of NMU-treated rats presented diffuse proliferative changes, focal acinar cell hyperplasias (FACH), and focal hepatocyte-like metaplasia (FHLCM). FACH were expansive presumably preneoplastic growths, showing abnormal differentiation. The number of NMU-treated rats bearing FACH and FHLCM did not significantly differ in the three nutritional conditions.
Forward Speculation, Excess Returns, and Exchange Rate Variability: The Role of Risk Premia

The paper reconsiders the unbiasedness hypothesis in the foreign exchange market. Within the context of a conventional model of exchange rates, risk premium shocks are constrained to have no permanent effects on the spot rate. Using monthly data from the post floating period, the paper estimates risk premia for the Dollar rates of the Yen, Mark, and Pound. Risk premium innovations seem to explain a modest proportion of short term variability of exchange rate changes and excess returns. However, risk premia may explain serial correlations in excess returns.
Scholarly Research Productivity among Otolaryngology Residency Graduates and its Relationship to Future Academic Achievement.

Objective:Scholastic activity through research involvement is a fundamental aspect of a physician’s training and may have a significant influence on future academic success. Here, we explore public...
Natural Bioactive Compounds as Potential Browning Agents in White Adipose Tissue

The epidemic of overweight and obesity underlies many common metabolic diseases. Approaches aimed to reduce energy intake and/or stimulate energy expenditure represent potential strategies to control weight gain. Adipose tissue is a major energy balancing organ. It can be classified as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). While WAT stores excess metabolic energy, BAT dissipates it as heat via adaptive thermogenesis. WAT also participates in thermogenesis by providing thermogenic fuels and by directly generating heat after browning. Browned WAT resembles BAT morphologically and metabolically and is classified as beige fat. Like BAT, beige fat can produce heat. Human adults have BAT-like or beige fat. Recruitment and activation of this fat type have the potential to increase energy expenditure, thereby countering against obesity and its metabolic complications. Given this, agents capable of inducing WAT browning have recently attracted broad attention from biomedical, nutritional and pharmaceutical societies. In this review, we summarize natural bioactive compounds that have been shown to promote beige adipocyte recruitment and activation in animals and cultured cells. We also discuss potential molecular mechanisms for each compound to induce adipose browning and metabolic benefits.
Hardware Implementation of IP-Enabled Wireless Sensor Network Using 6LoWPAN

Wireless sensor networks have become so popular in many applications such as vehicle tracking and monitoring, environmental measurements and radiation analysis. These applications can be ready to go for further processing by connecting it to remote servers through protocols that outside world used such as internet. This brings IPv6 over low power wireless sensor network (6LowPAN) into very important role to develop a bridge between internet and WSN network. Though a reliable communication demands many parameters such as data rate, effective data transmission, data security as well as packet size etc. A gateway between 6lowPAN network and IPV6 is needed where frame size compression is required in order to increase payload of data frame on hardware platform.
Accelerating Markov Random Field Inference with Uncertainty Quantification.

Statistical machine learning has widespread application in various domains. These methods include probabilistic algorithms, such as Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC), which rely on generating random numbers from probability distributions. These algorithms are computationally expensive on conventional processors, yet their statistical properties, namely interpretability and uncertainty quantification (UQ) compared to deep learning, make them an attractive alternative approach. Therefore, hardware specialization can be adopted to address the shortcomings of conventional processors in running these applications. In this paper, we propose a high-throughput accelerator for Markov Random Field (MRF) inference, a powerful model for representing a wide range of applications, using MCMC with Gibbs sampling. We propose a tiled architecture which takes advantage of near-memory computing, and memory optimizations tailored to the semantics of MRF. Additionally, we propose a novel hybrid on-chip/off-chip memory system and logging scheme to efficiently support UQ. This memory system design is not specific to MRF models and is applicable to applications using probabilistic algorithms. In addition, it dramatically reduces off-chip memory bandwidth requirements. We implemented an FPGA prototype of our proposed architecture using high-level synthesis tools and achieved 146MHz frequency for an accelerator with 32 function units on an Intel Arria 10 FPGA. Compared to prior work on FPGA, our accelerator achieves 26X speedup. Furthermore, our proposed memory system and logging scheme to support UQ reduces off-chip bandwidth by 71% for two applications. ASIC analysis in 15nm shows our design with 2048 function units running at 3GHz outperforms GPU implementations of motion estimation and stereo vision on Nvidia RTX2080Ti by 120X-210X, occupying only 7.7% of the area.