cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thread Tranquilizer: Dynamically reducing performance variation

To realize the performance potential of multicore systems, we must effectively manage the interactions between memory reference behavior and the operating system policies for thread scheduling and migration decisions. We observe that these interactions lead to significant variations in the performance of a given application, from one execution to the next, even when the program input remains unchanged and no other applications are being run on the system. Our experiments with multithreaded programs, including the TATP database application, SPECjbb2005, and a subset of PARSEC and SPEC OMP programs, on a 24-core Dell PowerEdge R905 server running OpenSolaris confirms the above observation. In this work we develop Thread Tranquilizer, an automatic technique for simultaneously reducing performance variation and improving performance by dynamically choosing appropriate memory allocation and process scheduling policies. Thread Tranquilizer uses simple utilities available on modern Operating Systems for monitoring cache misses and thread context-switches and then utilizes the collected information to dynamically select appropriate memory allocation and scheduling policies. In our experiments, Thread Tranquilizer yields up to 98p (average 68p) reduction in performance variation and up to 43p (average 15p) improvement in performance over default policies of OpenSolaris. We also demonstrate that Thread Tranquilizer simultaneously reduces performance variation and improves performance of the programs on Linux. Thread Tranquilizer is easy to use as it does not require any changes to the application source code or the OS kernel.
Legal and Economic Aspects of Naval Blockades: The United States, Great Britain, and Germany in World War II

INTRODUCTION By World War I, improvements in technology, particularly the innovation of long-range coastal defense guns, mines, and submarines, had all but ruled out “close blockades” of the type that characterized warfare from the English-French continental wars of the eighteenth century through at least the American Civil War. Earlier, most blockades were “close blockades,” that “must be confined to ports and coasts belonging to or occupied by the enemy.” By 1914, however, “ close ” blockades had been replaced by “ distant ” ones. The blockading vessels were now almost always positioned further out to sea, with a corresponding potential for more contact with nonbelligerent shipping; however, as long as the blockade can adequately restrict movements into and out of enemy ports, this form of interdiction is considered legally valid. Another important change is that although in the twentieth century most blockades have been enforced by government-owned-and-operated vessels, in the past the blockading vessels have included private ships operating under letters of marque as government approved privateers. Historically, the distinction between private and government blockades raised a number of issues including legal questions of controls over appropriate behavior and domestic questions involving the relative size of peacetime and wartime navies. LESSONS FROM THE PAST: WORLD WAR I Given its precursors and the size of the conflagration, it is not surprising that policies adopted during World War I almost entirely rewrote the rules of naval blockades; and the history of the war itself appeared to confirm that, in the future, the convoy was to become the ultimate weapon against a “distant” blockade.
Retroperitoneal Fat Necrosis in a Patient with Extensive Weight Loss After Adrenalectomy for ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of retroperitoneal fat necrosis (RFN) found after extensive weight loss following left adrenalectomy in a woman with Cushing syndrome. Methods: Case-based review of RFN without pancreatic disorders. We performed a PubMed search using the search term ‘retroperitoneal fat necrosis.’ Results: A 33-year-old woman with Cushing syndrome developed bilateral fat-containing infiltrative soft-tissue neoplasms in the perinephric space, measuring 5.0 × 7.5 cm (right) and 7.8 × 8.1 cm (left), with numerous enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes and fat stranding, 10 months post–left adrenalectomy for a 9-cm adrenal cortical neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential. Both computed tomography (CT)-guided core-needle biopsy followed by exploratory laparotomy with biopsy of the retroperitoneal masses showed that it was fat necrosis (FN) surrounded by a narrow rim of fibrous tissue with chronic inflammation. No further intervention was initiated, and CT abdomen 27-months postsurgery demon...
Lifetime of the ∑−-hyperon

A new measurement of the ∑− mean lifetime has been obtained from a sample of 506 ∑− decays and reactions which are produced in a hydrogen bubble chamber and satisfy certain geometrical criteria. By using a maximum-likelihood calculation and making an appropriate correction for ∑− interactions in flight, the value obtained for the ∑− lifetime is (1.38±0.07)·10−10 s.
Phytophagous insect faunas of the desert shrubs Bebbia juncea and Trixis californica in southern California.

Phytophagous insects representing seven orders, 24 families, 33 genera, and 48 species compose the insect fauna of Bebbia juncea (Bentham) Green (Asteraceae, Tribe Heliantheae, Subtribe Galinsoginae) in the Colorado and eastern Mojave deserts of southern California. Similarly, phytophagous insects representing six orders, 22 families, 27 genera, and 34 species compose the insect fauna of Trixis californica Kellogg (Asteraceae, Tribe Mutisieae). Most insects on these native shrubs were ectophagous sap- and foliage-feeding species. Twenty-nine (69%) of the 42 identified species of insects on B. juncea also were reported from one or more genera of Ambrosiinae, whereas 13 (50%) of 26 identified species from T. californica also feed on Ambrosinae. Fifteen (58%) of the 26 identified species on T. californica also occurred on B. juncea . Thus, an appreciable component of the insect faunas of both plants comprises a guild of unspecialized generalists that feed or breed to a greater or lesser degree on other plant species belonging to a different tribe or subtribe of Asteraceae. Host-plant architecture is suggested as one factor governing selection of B. juncea by these generalist insects.
Development of the GE Aviation Low Emissions TAPS Combustor for Next Generation Aircraft Engines

GE Aviation has developed the low emissions, lean-burn, Twin Annular Premixing Swirler (TAPS) combustor for application in the next generation of aircraft engines. This paper describes the recent development of the TAPS combustor for application in the new GEnx-1B and GEnx-2B engines that power the new Boeing 787 and 747-8 wide-body aircraft, respectively. The combustor design approach, key design considerations and engine emissions data are discussed. The GEnx TAPS combustor emissions certification results showed NOx levels 52% below CAEP/6 standard while maintaining good CO, HC and smoke emissions.
The Odoriferous Glands in the Tenebrionidae

It has been suggested (Roth, in press) that many of the odoriferous substances given off by insects may be oxidizing compounds and might discolor acidulated KI starch paper (or KI starch solution). If this is so then we have a very simple method for determining the presence of such secretions, for merely holding an insect on this paper (or dropping it into the solution) will show immediately, by the characteristic blueblack color reaction, whether or not such a substance is present. It was pointed out, however, that the failure to discolor this test paper does not necessarily mean that such glands are absent.
An effective inhalant of vaporous atomization for infantile acute or chronil pharyngitis

Objective: To observe the effect of the inhalant mixed by ourselves for infantile acute or chronil pharyngitis by vaporous atomization. Methods: 156 patients were divided radomly into 2 groups. 86 cases were in the treatment group, which were treated with the inhalant we mixed by vaporous atomixation. And the others were in the cintrol group. They were administered with the original method by taking the soak of drugs. Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was the contrl group was 80. 00 % , 24 and 32 respectively. Comprarison. between the two groups showed that the effect of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group. Conclusion: The inhalant of vaporous atomization was an reliable and safe way for infantile acute or chronil pharyngitis.
Radiography after cervical spine injury.

Neck pain caused by blunt trauma from a motor vehicle collision, fall, or other injury is a common occurrence. Many patients who decline ambulance transport after an injury will present to their primary care physician rather than the emergency department. Two clinical rules have been developed and validated to help physicians determine which patients with blunt trauma to the C-spine need radiography to rule out fracture.
Virus wars: using one virus to block the spread of another.

The failure of traditional interventions to block and cure HIV infections has led to novel proposals that involve treating infections with therapeutic viruses–infectious viruses that specifically inhibit HIV propagation in the host. Early efforts in evaluating these proposals have been limited chiefly to mathematical models of dynamics, for lack of suitable empirical systems. Here we propose, develop and analyze an empirical system of a therapeutic virus that protects a host cell population against a lethal virus. The empirical system uses E. coli bacteria as the host cell population, an RNA phage as the lethal virus and a filamentous phage as the therapeutic virus. Basic dynamic properties are established for each virus alone and then together. Observed dynamics broadly agree with those predicted by a computer simulation model, although some differences are noted. Two cases of dynamics are contrasted, differing in whether the therapeutic virus is introduced before the lethal virus or after the lethal virus. The therapeutic virus increases in both cases but by different mechanisms. With the therapeutic virus introduced first, it spreads infectiously without any appreciable change in host dynamics. With the therapeutic virus introduced second, host abundance is depressed at the time therapy is applied; following an initial period of therapeutic virus spread by infection, the subsequent rise of protection is through reproduction by hosts already protected. This latter outcome is due to inheritance of the therapeutic virus state when the protected cell divides. Overall, the work establishes the feasibility and robustness to details of a viral interference using a therapeutic virus.
Research in Real-Time Scheduling

In this paper we give a survey of our recent work in real-time scheduling. This includes message routing in distributed real-time systems, minimizing mean flow time and number of late tasks in the imprecise computation model, developing efficient feasibility tests, on-line scheduling of real-time tasks, minimizing number of late tasks in the classical task system model, developing and analyzing a new model of task system that can incorporate parallel algorithms, minimizing mean flow time with release time and precedence constraints, and a host of other scheduling problems. Our work has focused on the study of complexity results, efficient algorithms, worst-case analysis of fast heuristics, and possibility and impossibility results for the existence of optimal on-line algorithms.
Association of Discrimination and Stress With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Ethnic Minority Women

Psychological stressors can contribute to adverse health outcomes and lead to health disparities. To examine associations among psychological stressors, coping, blood pressure, body mass index, and body fat in ethnic minority women, we conducted a secondary analysis using data from 178 African American and Hispanic/Latina women who completed measures of perceived racial discrimination and stress, coping, blood pressure, and body composition. The mean age of participants was 45.3 (±9.3 years), and most were obese (74.2%) and had prehypertensive systolic blood pressure (125.7 ± 14.6 mmHg). Hierarchical multiple regression models indicated a significant negative relationship between racial discrimination and percent body fat, and positive associations between stress and blood pressure. Coping did not moderate the association between racial discrimination and blood pressure or body composition. Health care providers should consider psychological stressors as underlying causes for hypertension and address tailored stress-reduction coping strategies when treating African American and Hispanic/Latina women with hypertension.
Enriching for HIV-infected cells using anti-gp41 antibodies indirectly conjugated to magnetic microbeads.

The isolation of a pure population of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells is highly desirable for evaluating the impact of HIV on cellular gene expression. Given that HIV gp41 transmembrane protein is anchored on the surface of HIV-infected cells, we evaluated the use of pooled anti-gp41 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and HIV immunoglobulins (HIV-Igs) indirectly conjugated to magnetic microbeads to positively select for infected cells. We demonstrate that pooled anti-gp41 monoclonal antibodies enriched for H9 cells infected with HIV IIIB by approximately 98%. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with a primary (HIV strain 302151) or laboratory-adapted (IIIB) strain were enriched by 54%-62%, depending on the initial viral inoculum. Using HIV-Ig in this magnetic positive-selection approach was also highly efficient for enriching for H9 cells infected with IIIB but less efficient for infected PBMCs. Both types of antibodies used in the selection process resulted in >80 viability of selected HIV-infected cells. Analysis of interleukin 2 (IL-2) mRNA expression using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of the HIV-enriched population demonstrated a higher level of IL-2 mRNA, by approximately four cycles, and an 8-fold increase in IL-2 expression, as evaluated by intracellular staining and flow cytometric analysis, in comparison to gp41-negative cells. Collectively, these data illustrate that antibodies targeting gp41 can be used to enrich for HIV-positive populations. This represents a novel approach for studying the impact of HIV on infected cells and on bystander/uninfected cells.
A statistical STT-RAM retention model for fast memory subsystem designs

Spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) is a promising nonvolatile memory (NVM) solution to implement on-chip caches and off-chip main memories for its high integration density and short access time, but it suffers from considerable write latency and energy overhead. Aggressively relaxing its non-volatility for write fast and write energy efficient memory subsystems has been quite debatable, due to the unclear retention behavior on a timescale of microseconds-to-seconds. Moreover, recent studies project that retention failure will eventually dominate the cell reliability as STT-RAM scales. As a result, a comprehensive understanding of the thermal noise induced STT-RAM retention mechanism has become a must. In this work, we develop a compact semi-analytical model for fast retention failure analysis. We then systematically analyze critical factors (e.g., initial angle, device dimension etc.) and their impacts on the STT-RAM retention behavior through our model. Our experimental results show that STT-RAM suffers from a soft-error style retention failure, which may happen instantly just after the last write finishes and is totally different from that of DRAM and Flash, i.e., the gradual charge loss process. Our model offers an excellent agreement with the results from golden macro-magnetic simulations in the region of interest without conducting expensive Monte-Carlo runs. At last, we demonstrate our model can enable architectural designers to rethink STT-RAM based memory designs by emphasizing its probabilistic retention property.
A comprehensive overview of the climatological composition of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone based on 10 years of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements

Intense deep convection associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) lofts surface pollutants to the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere (UTLS), where strong winds and long chemical lifetimes allow intercontinental transport, affecting atmospheric composition around the globe. The Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), launched in 2004, makes simultaneous colocated measurements of trace gases and cloud ice water content (a proxy for deep convection) in the UTLS on a daily basis. Here we exploit the dense spatial and temporal coverage, long-term data record, extensive measurement suite, and insensitivity to aerosol and most clouds of Aura MLS to characterize the climatological (2005–2014) composition of the ASM anticyclone throughout its annual lifecycle. We use version 4 MLS data to quantify spatial and temporal variations in both tropospheric (H2O, CO, CH3Cl, CH3CN, CH3OH) and stratospheric (O3, HNO3, HCl) tracers on four potential temperature surfaces (350–410K). Inside the mature anticyclone, all species exhibit substantial changes, not only from their pre-monsoon distributions in the ASM region, but also from their summertime distributions in the rest of the hemisphere. Different tracers exhibit dissimilar seasonal evolution, and the exact location and timing of their extreme values vary. Although individual aspects of the anticyclone have been described previously, we present a uniquely comprehensive overview of the climatological seasonal evolution of the ASM and its impact on UTLS composition. This work provides valuable context for planned in situ measurements as well as a benchmark for model evaluation and future investigations of interannual variability and long-term changes in monsoon processes.
Polanyi’s Revolutionary Imaginary

In this chapter, Fennell looks at the social imaginaries that Taylor examines in Modern Social Imaginaries and A Secular Age. He offers an alternative imaginary built up from Polanyi’s understanding of sense-reading. Polanyi’s self-reflexive vision is grounded, but not foundational; it also re-introduces a role for faith in the discovery of knowledge. Fennell presents Polanyi’s wider vision of anthropogenesis as one that supports a free society open to discovering truths about reality. This vision also provides a means for religious thinking to be revitalized. Fennell acknowledges, with Taylor, that one cannot go back to the social and religious imaginaries of the past with their outmoded hierarchies, but he directs us forward toward responsible re-enchantment.
Putting the “Person” in the Center: Review and Synthesis of Person-Centered Approaches and Methods in Organizational Science

This article provides a review and synthesis of person-centered analytic (i.e., clustering) methods in organizational psychology with the aim of (a) placing them into an organizing framework to fac...
Tuning BARON using derivative-free optimization algorithms

Optimization solvers include many options that allow users to control algorithmic aspects that may have a considerable impact on solver performance. Tuning solver options is often necessary to reduce execution time and improve solution quality. Previous studies of solver tuning techniques have focused on mixed-integer linear programming and local nonlinear programming solvers. In this paper, we investigate the potential of tuning a global optimization solver for nonlinear and mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems. In particular, derivative-free optimization (DFO) algorithms are used to find optimal values for options of the global optimization solver BARON. A set of 126 problems from the GLOBALLib and MINLPLib collections are utilized in a computational study from which we conclude that tuning options can improve the default performance of BARON for individual problems and an entire library. Additionally, we present a systematic comparison of 27 DFO solvers in terms of their ability to improve the performance of the global solver. We find that several DFO implementations are much better than others in terms of finding optimal tuning parameters.
Ventriculostomy Simulation in Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field which demands years of technical training in a high-stakes environment. Educational centers which train young neurosurgeons must adapt to the ever-changing policies of duty hour restrictions and increased supervision. As a result, simulation in neurosurgery is gaining popularity because it maximizes resident training opportunities while minimizing patient risk. One of the first procedures a young neurosurgical resident will learn is how to place an external ventricular drain (EVD). The learning curve for a ventriculostomy procedure is steep, with junior residents learning from senior residents at first, but advancing to performing the procedure on their own. Ventriculostomy simulation provides a safe and educational environment for neurosurgical residents to refine their skills. In this chapter, we discuss the evolution of simulation in neurosurgery and the various ventriculostomy simulators available for resident training.
Advanced Imaging Techniques Used in the Infertile Female

Radiologic imaging is a crucial part of the evaluation of women presenting with infertility. Imaging techniques that provide insight into causes and factors contributing to infertility include ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this chapter, we discuss imaging technologies for disorders of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries which may impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes, with consideration of test sensitivity and specificity, cost, discomfort, utilization of contrast media, and ionizing radiation. Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography is an efficient modality for multiple aspects of female reproductive anatomy and is advocated as a first-line test for most infertile women. The specific questions and concerns for each patient should be considered to select the most appropriate test or sequence of tests.
Electrophysiological Effects of Physostigminein Humans

Single cell and depth recording of CNS electrical activity in animals is a valuable technique for assessing the activity of neurotransmitters and psychopharmacologic agents. In humans, however, these invasive techniques are rarely possible. While the electrical activity of the brain can be observed from scalp electrodes, there is considerable attenuation of specificity. Nonetheless, the scalp recorded EEG has proved to be of value in the evaluation of psychoactive compounds. In general, it is reasonable to look for EEG changes accompanying the administration of agents that produce behavioral effects. The reported behavioral and affective changes induced by the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine have concomitant neurophysiologic changes which might be reflected in the EEG. Demonstration of neurophysiologic alterations caused by this compound may lead to more information about the specificity of action of physostigmine and the reflection of central cholinergic activity in the EEG.
DEPOSITION OF AEROSOLS IN THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY TRACT DURING BREATH HOLDING

Abstract The anatomical character of both the conducting airways and of the functional gas exchange region exerts an important influence on rates of deposition of inhaled aerosol. In the present studies an attempt is made to use the rate of deposition of aerosol particles in the respiratory tract during breath-holding as an index of the effective lumen diameters of the respiratory branches. During breath-holding for periods up to about 30 sec, the ratio of exhaled to inhaled aerosol decreases exponentially with time; this was observed for all subjects at particle sizes from about 0×15 to 1×0 micron. Calculations of lumen diameter based on these observations yielded estimates which are consistent with those obtained by microscopic measurements on human lungs.
Tracking Radiometer Calibration Stability Using Three-Point Onboard Calibration

Absolute calibration of radiometers is implemented onboard using one hot and one cold external calibration targets. However, two-point calibration methods are unable to differentiate calibration drifts and associated errors from fluctuations in receiver gain and offset. This paper investigates the use of onboard three-point calibration algorithm for microwave radiometers to track calibration drifts and characterize associated errors in Earth and Space measurements of the radiometer.
Targeting histone deacetylation for recovery of maternal deprivation-induced changes in BDNF and AKAP150 expression in the VTA.

Severe early life stressors increase the probability of developing psychiatric disorders later in life through modifications in neuronal circuits controlling brain monoaminergic signaling. Our previous work demonstrated that 24 h maternal deprivation (MD) in male Sprague Dawley rats modifies dopamine (DA) signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through changes at GABAergic synapses that were reversible by in vitro histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition which led to restoration of the scaffold A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP150) signaling and subsequently recovered GABAergic plasticity (Authement et al., 2015). Using a combination of in situ hybridization, Western blots and immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that MD-induced epigenetic modifications at the level of histone acetylation were associated with an upregulation of HDAC2. MD also increased Akap5 mRNA levels in the VTA. Western blot analysis of AKAP150 protein expression showed an increase in synaptic levels of AKAP150 protein in the VTA with an accompanying decrease in synaptic levels of protein kinase A (PKA). Moreover, the abundance of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein of VTA tissues from MD rats was significantly lower than in control groups. In vivo systemic injection with a selective class I HDAC inhibitor (CI-994) was sufficient to reverse MD-induced histone hypoacetylation in the VTA for 24 h after the injection. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition normalized the levels of mBDNF and AKAP150 proteins at 24 h. Our data suggest that HDAC-mediated targeting of BDNF and AKAP-dependent local signaling within VTA could provide novel therapeutics for prevention of later-life psychopathology.
Postpartum length of stay and risk for readmission among women with preeclampsia

Objective: How hospital length of stay after delivery for women with preeclampsia is associated with risk for readmission is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate risk for 60-day hypertension-related postpartum readmission based on length of stay after delivery.Methods: The 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's (HCUP) Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to analyze risk for readmission for a hypertension-related diagnosis within 60 days from cesarean delivery hospitalization for women with preeclampsia who underwent cesarean delivery. Risk for readmission was evaluated based on postoperative length of stay as well as demographic, hospital, and other obstetric factors. Population weights were applied to create national estimates. Multivariable analyses were performed with adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals as measures of effect. Mean and median hospital charges based upon postoperative length of stay were also evaluated. Time from delivery hospitalization to readmission was calculated.Results: In 2014, 65 401 women with preeclampsia underwent cesarean delivery. Of these, 1016 women (1.6%) were readmitted for a hypertension-related diagnosis. 921 of the 1016 readmissions occurred within 10 days of discharge (90.6%). In adjusted analyses, postoperative LOS 5-7 days and >7 days compared to LOS 7 days.Conclusion: Longer postoperative length of stay during cesarean delivery hospitalizations was associated with decreased risk for postpartum hypertension-related readmission. Most readmissions occurred soon after discharge. These findings support that post-delivery management may play a role in likelihood of women requiring subsequent readmission for complications related to preeclampsia after discharge.
Near-wake behaviour of a utility-scale wind turbine

Super-large-scale particle image velocimetry (SLPIV) and the associated flow visualization technique using natural snowfall have been shown to be effective tools to probe the turbulent velocity field and coherent structures around utility-scale wind turbines (Hong et al.Nat. Commun., vol. 5, 2014, article 4216). Here, we present a follow-up study using the data collected during multiple deployments from 2014 to 2016 around the 2.5 MW turbine at the EOLOS field station. These data include SLPIV measurements in the near wake of the turbine in a field of view of 115 m (vertical) 66 m (streamwise), and the visualization of tip vortex behaviour near the elevation corresponding to the bottom blade tip over a broad range of turbine operational conditions. The SLPIV measurements provide velocity deficit and turbulent kinetic energy assessments over the entire rotor span. The instantaneous velocity fields from SLPIV indicate the presence of intermittent wake contraction states which are in clear contrast with the expansion states typically associated with wind turbine wakes. These contraction states feature a pronounced upsurge of velocity in the central portion of the wake. The wake velocity ratio , defined as the ratio of the spatially averaged velocity of the inner wake to that of the outer wake, is introduced to categorize the instantaneous near wake into expansion ( ) and contraction states ( ). Based on the criterion, the wake contraction occurs 25 % of the time during a 30 min time duration of SLPIV measurements. The contraction states are found to be correlated with the rate of change of blade pitch by examining the distribution and samples of time sequences of wake states with different turbine operation parameters. Moreover, blade pitch change is shown to be strongly correlated to the tower and blade strains measured on the turbine, and the result suggests that the flexing of the turbine tower and the blades could indeed lead to the interaction of the rotor with the turbine wake, causing wake contraction. The visualization of tip vortex behaviour demonstrates the presence of a state of consistent vortex formation as well as various types of disturbed vortex states. The histograms corresponding to the consistent and disturbed states are examined over a number of turbine operation/response parameters, including turbine power and tower strain as well as the fluctuation of these quantities, with different conditional sampling restrictions. This analysis establishes a clear statistical correspondence between these turbine parameters and tip vortex behaviours under different turbine operation conditions, which is further substantiated by examining samples of time series of these turbine parameters and tip vortex patterns. This study not only offers benchmark datasets for comparison with the-state-of-the-art numerical simulation, laboratory and field measurements, but also sheds light on understanding wake characteristics and the downstream development of the wake, turbine performance and regulation, as well as developing novel turbine or wind farm control strategies.
Tracking Sparse mmWave Channel under Time Varying Multipath Scatterers

Due to severe signal attenuation at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies large antenna arrays are required at both base station and user equipment to achieve necessary beamfoming gain and compensate for the signal power loss. The initial access and beamforming algorithms are typically designed assuming sparsity of mmWave channels, resulting from a very few significant multipath clusters, and considering fixed locations of terminals and scatterers. Channel tracking algorithms have been proposed to account for channel variations due to user mobility. Existing works did not consider mobility of the scatterers, which adds new challenges and opportunities into a channel tracking problem. In this work, we consider a more realistic assumption of mobile scatterers and their impact on channel tracking algorithms. We propose a novel channel tracking algorithm that takes into account the dynamics of cluster evolution, and adaptively tracks channel parameters with the objective to reduce training overhead. We also propose a simple implementation of aperiodic tracking to accommodate tracking to different channel variations. We analyze the performance of the proposed tracking algorithm under highly dynamic channels, and compare it to existing channel tracking algorithms with respect to tracking accuracy, achievable rate, and required training overhead, when aperiodic and periodic trackings are used.
Mortality Salience in the News of Immigrant Perpetrators: Effects on Viewers’ Emotion, Story Evaluation, and Perceived Crime Susceptibility

AbstractThis study approaches the interplay between terror management and social identity theories to examine the individual and joint effects of mortality salience (MS) and social group difference...
Nitric oxide generation from S-nitrosoglutathione: New activity of indium and a survey of metal ion effects.

Abstract S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are known to produce nitric oxide (NO) through thermal, photolytic, and metal ion-promoted pathways, which has led to their increasing use as exogenous sources of therapeutic NO. Despite the burgeoning NO release applications for RSNOs, their susceptibility to metal-promoted decomposition has rarely been examined in a uniform manner through the specific measurement of NO release. In this study, the ability of various transition and post-transition metal ions to promote NO release from GSNO was surveyed by chemiluminescence-based NO detection. Substantial NO formation (>10-fold increase relative to GSNO baseline) was detected after the addition of Cu2+, Au3+, Pd2+, Pt2+, and V3+. Modest increases were observed in the cases of Co2+, Hf4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Sn2+, and Zr4+, while no effect was evident for Al3+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Sc3+, and Zn2+. It was further observed that In+ compounds initiate the apparent NO-forming decomposition of GSNO, while In0 and In3+ are inactive, indicating that In+ exerts a previously unknown effect on GSNO.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation-Initiated Directed Cyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols.

We have developed a Rh(III)-catalyzed diastereoselective [2+1] annulation onto allylic alcohols initiated by alkenyl C–H activation of N-enoxyphthalimides to furnish substituted cyclopropyl-ketones. Notably, the traceless oxyphthalimide handle serves three functions: directing C–H activation, oxidation of Rh(III), and, collectively with the allylic alcohol, in directing cyclopropanation to control diastereoselectivity. Allylic alcohols are shown to be highly reactive olefin coupling partners leading to a directed diastereoselective cyclopropanation reaction, providing products not accessible by other routes.
Impact of perforation size and predictive factors for successful pediatric gelfoam myringoplasty

Abstract Objectives Rates of success with pediatric myringoplasty range from 35 to 95%. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of perforation size on successful closure of the tympanic membrane (TM) after gelfoam myringoplasty. We also aim to identify variables that affect perforation closure rates and define predictive factors for successful TM closure. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients that underwent gelfoam myringoplasty by a single surgeon from August 2008 through January 2015 was performed. Results One hundred fifty-nine patients met inclusion criteria and underwent a total of 219 procedures. Overall, gelfoam myringoplasty had an 83.1% rate of successful closure. Average perforation size was 15.31%. Classification tree analysis separated our cohort into three groups based on perforation size: Group 1 ( Conclusion Gelfoam myringoplasty provides good overall TM closure rates and may be considered as a potential first-line option for repair of perforations, including those involving up to 40% of the TM. Younger patients with smaller perforations, fewer sets of tubes, shorter length of tube retention are more likely to have successful closure of the tympanic membrane.
Activation volume details from nonlinear anelastic deformation of a metallic glass

At high stress, the viscosity of a metallic glass is non-Newtonian, and therefore the rate of anelastic stress relaxation is not linear in the applied stress. In this regime, one can obtain information on the details of the activation volume that are not accessible in the linear regime. While bending in the nonlinear regime introduces a complicated stress state, it offers great stability for noninstrumented measurements over many orders of magnitude of time. We have developed a method of controlled sample bending to a strain of up to ∼0.0155 for Al86.8Ni3.7Y9.5 metallic glass. Significant nonlinearity of the anelastic strain in the stress was observed, which is mainly associated with the largest and slowest shear transformation zones involved not reaching mechanical equilibrium at the end of the constraining period. Combining nonlinear kinetics under constraint and zero bending moment after constraint removal, the volume of the largest shear transformation zones and the transformation shear strain were obtained independently for the inherent state—their most likely values are 4.8 × 10−28 m3 and 0.18, respectively.
Healthcare Experiences of Men Who Have Sex with Men: Understanding Trauma, Patient-Provider Relationships, and the Lasting Impacts of the AIDS Crisis

Studies of patients’ health outcomes and the quality of healthcare services show that the patient-provider relationship is crucial, and further, that a patient-centered approach to care is essential for effective public reporting and ensuring high quality health-care results (Theis 2016). However, what might happen if a patient-provider relationship is undeveloped, or even hostile? Inadequate treatment of patients in medical settings is a common experience of sexual minorities, who have historically experienced greater burdens of disease and discrimination. This study explores the narratives and lived-experiences of MSM to better understand the patient-provider relationships for MSM, and to some extent queer people in general, given the growing social and political acceptance of queer identities. MSM is the population of interest because it is a historically marginalized group that reports significant incidence of stigma, especially surrounding their sexual health and sexual behaviors. In order to assess how the evolving social landscape has affected the experiences of MSM, 20 men were interviewed about their healthcare experiences; 10 of these men were between the ages of 18 and 49, and the remaining 10 men were 50 years old or older. Through a comparative analysis, this study assesses differences and similarities in healthcare experiences—as well as the subsequent health-related needs and preferences—of participants, particularly with regard to social trauma, medical trauma, and their proximity to the AIDS crisis of the 1980s. Studies of patients’ health outcomes and the quality of healthcare services show that the patient-provider relationship is crucial and that a patient-centred approach to care is essential for ensuring high-quality healthcare results. However, what might happen if a patient-provider relationship were undeveloped, or even hostile? Inadequate treatment of patients in medical settings is a common experience of sexual minorities, who have historically experienced greater burdens of disease and discrimination. This study explores the lived experiences of men who have sex with men (MSM) to better understand their patient-provider relationships. MSM are the population of interest because they are historically marginalised and stigmatised, especially surrounding their sexual health and sexual behaviours. In order to assess how an evolving social landscape has affected the experiences of MSM, 20 men were interviewed. Among them, 10 men were between the ages of 18 and 49, and 10 were 50 or older. Through a comparative analysis, this study assesses differences and similarities in healthcare experiences – and the resulting health-related needs and preferences – of participants, particularly with regard to social trauma, medical trauma, and their proximity to the 1980s AIDS crisis. Additionally, race, ethnicity, and language emerged during interviews with participants of colour as salient factors which impacted their healthcare experiences.
Management of an i.v. fluid shortage through use of electronic medical record alerts.

Purpose Evaluation of mechanisms used to cope with an i.v. fluid shortage to determine if prescribing habits were changed and if substitution of an i.v. dose of magnesium with an oral dose impacted patient outcomes. Methods A single-center, retrospective analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) alerts and medical records covering 6-month periods before and during an i.v. fluid shortage was conducted. Records of adult medical and surgical inpatients admitted during these periods who had an order for i.v. or oral magnesium were screened for inclusion. The primary outcome of part 1 of the study was the percent acceptance of drug shortage-related EMR alert recommendations associated with i.v. magnesium. The primary outcome of part 2 of the study was the change in serum magnesium concentration (SMC) after an i.v. or oral dose of magnesium was administered. Results Of the 7,476 EMR alerts generated during provider ordering of i.v. magnesium products, 4.8% resulted in the provider accepting the recommendation to switch to an oral alternative, 89% resulted in continuation of an i.v. magnesium order, and 6.2% resulted in order cancellation. Among patients who received magnesium doses, SMC values increased by a mean (SD) of 0.135 (0.08) mg/dL per gram of i.v. magnesium sulfate administered (n = 251), compared to an increase of 0.058 (0.08) mg/dL per 400-mg tablet of magnesium oxide administered (n = 42). Conclusion Acceptance of the EMR alert recommendations was low. Both i.v. magnesium sulfate and oral magnesium oxide are viable options for increasing SMC.
Coda: Trade-Offs, Cautions, and Limitations of Superresolution Optical Microscopes

My aim in this chapter is to encourage critical skeptical thinking about superresolution microscopy. It is important to note that the precision and accuracy of single-molecule localization are different concepts. Typically, authors report the precision of localization of a single molecule. That is not equivalent to the accuracy of localization. The accuracy of localization is a measure of the fidelity with which single-molecule localization is identical to the actual location within the specimen. To assess the accuracy of superresolution single-molecule locations and therefore the final superresolution image we require calibration specimens whose structures are independently determined. An alternative is to use correlative microscopy (e.g., transmission electron microscopy) to validate the accuracy of information obtained from the superresolution image. Localization techniques achieve high precision in localization of a fluorescent molecule. The size of a fluorescent molecule affects the accuracy of the position of the structure to which the label is attached. This is of increasing importance as the size of the label, including its associated linker molecules, approaches the required resolution of the superresolution image.
Hospital Safety-Net Burden and Risk for Readmissions and Severe Maternal Morbidity.

Objective This study aimed to analyze whether hospital safety-net burden status is associated with increased risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and postpartum readmissions. Study Design The 2010 to 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was utilized for this retrospective cohort study. Hospitals were categorized as high-burden hospitals (25% of hospitals with the highest safety-net burden), medium-burden hospitals (50% of hospitals with intermediate safety-net burden), and low-burden hospitals (25% of hospitals with the lowest safety-net burden) based on the proportions of Medicaid or uninsured patients. Risk for (1) SMM, (2) 60-day postpartum readmissions, and (3) SMM during postpartum readmissions was analyzed. Unadjusted and adjusted log-linear regression models were performed, respectively, for these outcomes with unadjusted risk ratio (RR) and adjusted RR (aRR) as measures of effect. Adjusted models included demographic, hospital, and clinical factors. Results High-burden safety-net status was associated with increased risk for SMM compared with low-burden safety-net status in both unadjusted (RR: 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–1.53) and adjusted analyses (aRR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.25–1.30). High-burden status was also associated with increased risk for readmissions in unadjusted analyses (RR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.40–1.44), although this risk was attenuated in adjusted analyses (aRR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06–1.08). High-burden status was associated with significantly increased risk for readmission for uterine infections, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, and psychiatric diagnoses. High-burden status was not associated with severe morbidity during readmissions in adjusted or unadjusted analyses (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98–1.05; aRR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99). Conclusion This study found that high safety-net burden hospitals may be a higher risk setting for obstetric care. Improvement of outcomes in high-burden settings may be important in overall efforts to reduce maternal risk.
Evidence against the "normalization" prediction of the early brain overgrowth hypothesis of autism.

The frequently cited Early Overgrowth Hypothesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) postulates that there is overgrowth of the brain in the first 2 years of life, which is followed by a period of arrested growth leading to normalized brain volume in late childhood and beyond. While there is consistent evidence for early brain overgrowth, there is mixed evidence for normalization of brain volume by middle childhood. The outcome of this debate is important to understanding the etiology and neurodevelopmental trajectories of ASD. Brain volume was examined in two very large single-site samples of children, adolescents, and adults. The primary sample comprised 456 6–25-year-olds (ASD n = 240, typically developing controls (TDC) n = 216), including a large number of females (n = 102) and spanning a wide IQ range (47–158). The replication sample included 175 males. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical MRI images were examined for group differences in total brain, cerebellar, ventricular, gray, and white matter volumes. The ASD group had significantly larger total brain, cerebellar, gray matter, white matter, and lateral ventricular volumes in both samples, indicating that brain volume remains enlarged through young adulthood, rather than normalizing. There were no significant age or sex interactions with diagnosis in these measures. However, a significant diagnosis-by-IQ interaction was detected in the larger sample, such that increased brain volume was related to higher IQ in the TDCs, but not in the ASD group. Regions-of-significance analysis indicated that total brain volume was larger in ASD than TDC for individuals with IQ less than 115, providing a potential explanation for prior inconsistent brain size results. No relationships were found between brain volume and measures of autism symptom severity within the ASD group. Our cross-sectional sample may not reflect individual changes over time in brain volume and cannot quantify potential changes in volume prior to age 6. These findings challenge the “normalization” prediction of the brain overgrowth hypothesis by demonstrating that brain enlargement persists across childhood into early adulthood. The findings raise questions about the clinical implications of brain enlargement, since we find that it neither confers cognitive benefits nor predicts increased symptom severity in ASD.