cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D-poor hydrogen in lunar mare basalts assimilated from lunar regolith

Apatite grains in lunar mare basalts contain hydrogen that ranges in D/H ratio by more than a factor of two. For most of these basalts, the D/H ratios in their apatite grains decrease with measures of the host basalts’ time spent at elevated temperature, specifically the Fe-Mg homogenization of their pyroxenes. Most basalts with homogeneous pyroxenes (i.e., with constant Fe/Mg ratio) have apatite grains with low D/H (δD ≈ −100‰), whereas most basalts with heterogeneous pyroxenes (i.e., varying or zoned Fe/Mg) have apatite with high D/H (δD up to ~ +1100‰). This relationship suggests that low D/H values were acquired during thermal processing, i.e., during Fe-Mg chemical equilibration, during or after emplacement. This light hydrogen is likely derived from solar wind implanted into the lunar regolith (with δD from −125‰ to −800‰), and could enter basalts either by assimilation of regolith or by vapor transport from regolith heated by the flow. If a basalt could not interact with regolith rich in solar wind (e.g., it was emplaced onto other fresh basalts), its apatite could retain a magmatic D/H signature. The high D/H component (in the apatites of unequilibrated basalts) is most reasonably that indigenous magmatic hydrogen, i.e., representing hydrogen in the basalt’s source mantles, or magmatic hydrogen that was residual after partial degassing of H_2.
Pion scattering from polarized 3 He

The role of the three-body wave function in the scattering of pions from polarized {sup 3}He is studied. It is found that for the case of the asymmetry from {pi}{sup +} scattering, the inclusion of the {ital D} state can be very important, changing the asymmetry calculated by as much as a factor 2{endash}3. The {pi}{sup {minus}} scattering asymmetry is altered very little. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Socioeconomic factors and parity of access to robotic surgery in a county health system

Equal access to novel surgical technologies remains a policy concern as hospitals adopt robotic surgery with increasing prevalence. This study sought to determine whether socioeconomic factors influence access to robotic surgery. All laparoscopic and robotic fundoplications and paraesophageal hernia repairs performed by a surgical group over 6 years at a county and two neighboring private hospitals were identified. Robotic use by hospital setting, age, gender, reported ethnicity, estimated income, insurance payer, and diagnosis were examined. Of 418 patients identified, 180 (43%) presented to the county hospital, where subjects were younger (51.1 versus 56.2 years, p < 0.001) with lower estimated income ($50,289 versus $62,959, p < 0.001). In the county setting, there was no difference in reported ethnicity (p = 0.169), estimated income (p = 0.081), or insurance payer (p = 0.535) between groups treated laparoscopically versus robotically. There was no difference in the treatment groups by estimated income in the private hospital setting (p = 0.308). Overall higher estimated income and insurance payer were associated with a higher chance of undergoing robotic procedures (p < 0.001). Presence of a paraesophageal hernia was associated with increased chance of undergoing robotic therapy in all comparisons (p < 0.001). No disparity in access to robotic surgery offered in the county hospital was observed based on age, gender, reported ethnicity, estimated income, or insurance payer. Patients with higher income and private insurers were more likely to present to the private hospital setting where robotics is utilized more often. The presence of a paraesophageal hernia was a significant factor in determining robotic therapy in both settings.
Technology Applications in Geriatric Telepsychiatry and Implications for Implementation

This chapter outlines information required for implementing a telepsychiatry program as well as specific needs of a geriatric telepsychiatry setup. Readers will gain a technical overview and learn what type of support is essential for a successful telepsychiatry program. The importance of security and basic information about encryption, firewalls, and gatekeeping are presented. Internet options, interoperability of systems, vender, and equipment selection and setup are discussed. Additional resources for detailed technical requirements, platform options, and product information are provided.
Jump regression, image processing, and quality control

ABSTRACTImages have been widely used in manufacturing applications for monitoring production processes, partly because they are often convenient and economic to acquire by different types of imaging devices. Medical imaging techniques, such as CT, PET, X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional MRI, have become a basic medical diagnosis tool nowadays. Satellite images are also commonly used for monitoring the changes of the earth’s surface. In all these applications, image comparison and monitoring are the common and fundamentally important statistical problems that should be addressed properly. In computer science, applied mathematics, statistics and some other disciplines, there have been many image processing methods proposed. In this article, I will discuss (i) a powerful statistical tool, called jump regression analysis (JRA), for modeling and analyzing images and other types of data with jumps and other singularities involved, (ii) some image processing problems and methods ...
Spectacular solitude, city, and self in Père-Lachaise Cemetery

The cemetery of Pere-Lachaise in Paris has been called the first modern cemetery, the soul of Paris, and even the model for an ideal modern city.1 Since opening in 1804, it has been one of the most...
Physiological Measurement and Assessment

This chapter reviews current methods and findings of physiological research studies on persistent violence and aggression, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and psychopathy. The review begins by describing how ASPD and psychopathy, two clinical conditions that are commonly associated with violent and aggressive behaviors, are assessed and measured in contemporary investigative work. Following this, the chapter discusses differing physiological measurement methods that have been used in the study of these conditions and in relation to aggression and violent behavior more specifically. A detailed review of autonomic, somatic, electrocortical, and neuroimaging methods and findings is provided. Following this, the chapter provides coverage of key conceptual issues pertaining to the use of physiological measurement in assessing psychiatric phenotypes and psychological processes central to them. Directions for future research are discussed in this context. Keywords: aggression; antisocial personality disorder (ASPD); electroencephalography (EEG); functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); psychopathy; psychophysiology
BIVENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE (BIVAD) AS THERAPY FOR SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (VT)

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are a viable option for treatment of end stage heart failure. Complications include infection, bleeding, thrombosis and even development of Ventricular Tachycardias (VT) A 65 year old female presented with severe biventricular cardiac failure. Transthoracic echo (
THE WELFARE CONSEQUENCES OF TAXING CARBON

For EMF 32, we applied a new version of our Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model (IGEM) based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). We simulated the impacts arising from ...
International service and cross-cultural engagement: Preserving and documenting the Peace Corps experience

After 56 years in operation and 500,000 or so service years offered collectively by 230,000 Peace Corps volunteers, there are many stories to tell and much data to record about Peace Corps. Who is collecting those stories and recording that data? Who is documenting the cross-cultural interactions among Peace Corps Volunteers and the communities they serve? And who is assessing the impact of those grassroots encounters?
Lieferantenportfolio-Management für IT-Services unter Berücksichtigung von Diversifikationseffekten

Serviceorientierte Architekturen ermoglichen, dass die IT-Unterstutzung von Prozessen als Portfolio aus einzelnen IT-Services verschiedener Lieferanten entworfen werden kann. Die Gestaltung der Prozesse erfolgt dabei durch Auswahlentscheidungen zwischen potenziell einzubeziehenden IT-Services. Dabei wird in vielen Unternehmen in immer kurzeren Abstanden eine Vielzahl von Anforderungen zur Investition in IT-Services formuliert. Allerdings ubersteigt der Umfang der gewunschten Investitionen i. d. R. das zur Verfugung stehende Budget. Somit stehen Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, das begrenzte Budget auf die Investitionen in die erfolgversprechendste Kombination aus IT-Services zu allokieren. Dies ist jedoch ohne methodische Unterstutzung kaum moglich. Zudem erfolgt die Allokation oftmals intuitiv und in Abhangigkeit von der IT-Affinitat der Entscheidungstrager. Deshalb wird ein quantitatives, mehrperiodiges Vorgehensmodell zur Maximierung des Unternehmenswertes im Sinne einer wertorientierten Unternehmensfuhrung entwickelt, das die Abhangigkeiten der periodischen Auswahlentscheidungen berucksichtigt. Anschliesend wird ein Entscheidungskalkul zur heuristischen Losung des Auswahlproblems vorgestellt und die Anwendung an einem Fallbeispiel veranschaulicht.
Origin and Collapse of Complex Societies in Oaxaca (Mexico): Evaluating the Era from 1965 to the Present

I summarize recent archaeological work in Oaxaca, Mexico, with a focus on questions central to world prehistory: the origin and collapse of complex societies. Monte Alban was the capital of an emerging civilization in the southern highlands of Mexico during the second half of the first millennium B.C. Soon after the foundation of the ancient city, there is evidence for state formation and a political expansion into regions outside the Valley of Oaxaca. Centuries later, Monte Alban went into decline, giving way to the competing small polities found throughout Oaxaca at the time of the Spanish conquest. Since the late 1960s, our knowledge of these changes has been transformed by study of Oaxaca's pre–Monte Alban past, regional settlement surveys, and processual model building. Evolutionary and historical perspectives allow for significant refinement of current debates surrounding the rise and fall of complex societies in Oaxaca.
Guided Vehicle Systems: Information/Control System Implications of Alternative Design and Operation Strategies

Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) systems continue to be a viable and flexible handling alternative for many low to medium flow, discrete parts handling requirements. Today, in addition to the towing vehicle, AGVs can be configured as unit load carriers, automatic guided pallet trucks, automatic guided fork trucks, or light load carriers. The automatically positioned stock selector (used for in-the-aisle picking) is also generally accepted as an AGV.
The End of the Road for 2D Scaling of Silicon CMOS and the Future of Device Technology

What will the semiconductor industry do after two-dimensional scaling of the silicon transistor crosses the nanometer threshold, from 7 nm, 5 nm, 3 nm, 2 nm, 1 nm, to nodes below a nanometer? Will these advanced logic technologies continue to provide the energy efficiency required of future computing systems? Will the transistor continue to play a key role in advancing electronic systems? Will new applications and computation workloads demand new device technologies and their integration into future systems? These are some of the most pressing questions facing the semiconductor industry today.
The Stratification of Opportunity: Inequality in Social Capital and Labor Market Outcomes

Organizations influence inequality on the demand-side of the labor market by matching individuals to jobs that vary in wage structures and prospects for upward advancement (Granovetter, 1981; Soren...
Underemployment and Well-Being: Exploring the Dark Side of Meaningful Work:

The goals of this study were to examine the relations between underemployment, meaningful work, and well-being and evaluate whether the relation between underemployment and well-being was moderated...
Optical absorbance study of three phosphorylatable amino acids using confocal Raman Spectroscopy

Understanding the energy transfer mechanisms of amino acids in real time can provide insight into the strain induced during modification of proteins. Protein phosphorylation, one of the most prevalent signal transduction mechanisms within biological cells, involves structure conformation and energy transfer using a phosphate group. In eukaryotic cells, specifically, there are three phosphorylatable amino acids: L-serine, L-threonine and L-tyrosine. These amino acids are particularly important because they are responsible for biochemical reactions and cellular functions such as metabolic regulation, muscular growth, cell differentiation and metastatic behavior. In an effort to study these energy transfer mechanisms in real time, this work focuses on noninvasive measurements, such as confocal Raman spectroscopy, using custom-designed microreactors and the flow of in-solution L-serine, L-threonine and L-tyrosine biomolecules during a wide range of measurement parameters. This study accounts for optical scattering, absorption, and reflection mechanisms of phosphorylatable amino acids in an effort to better understand the optical absorbance properties so that molecular fingerprinting before and after the chemical reaction can be precisely measured. The L-serine and L-threonine particles were elongated in shape while the L-tyrosine was a fine white powder. The confocal Raman spectroscopy tool produced a one-micron diameter laser spot, and spectra for each amino acid was collected and analyzed to account for optical energy scattered. Spectral data reveals relative resilience among the amino acid crystals. The absorbance characteristics at 532 nm Raman wavelength also reveal dependencies on optical power density and an attenuation spread approaching 12% among the amino acid group under study.
Hosting as shelter during displacement: considerations for research and practice

Hosting or local families taking in displaced families is an important way to shelter persons displaced during war or by natural disaster. While field-level evidence of hosting is on the rise, academic and policy-related scholarship on hosting is scant. Based on an extensive literature review and supplemented by the author’s own work experience in the humanitarian sector, this paper identifies and summarizes ten aspects that shape the hosting environment and its associated support programs. These aspects provide insight to humanitarian actors that support hosting situations rather than allowing them to play out on their own. These aspects potentially serve (1) as programmatic criteria that humanitarian actors and aid agencies should consider when designing and supporting hosting programs and (2) are substantively rich areas that would expand the research agenda on displacement and humanitarian response and assistance. This paper has implications for both humanitarian practice and research, including how members of the humanitarian community conceptual hosting as a social relationship.
International Surrogacy in the European Court of Human Rights

When citizens of countries that outlaw surrogacy travel abroad to have a child with the help of a surrogate mother, there is no guarantee the child will be recognized as a citizen of the parents' home country. The refusal of citizenship has been an effort to discourage people from employing a method of having children that some countries find reprehensible. Lawsuits brought by aggrieved parents have reached the European Court of Human Rights, which has held that it is indefensible for a government to use its prohibition on surrogacy as a justification for denying children their human rights. This article discusses six cases brought against three European nations to explain how the European Court of Human Rights has balanced the discretion of states to pass legislation that reflects their deeply held values with the right of children not to be denied essential aspects of their identity.
Conserved role for Ataxin‐2 in mediating endoplasmic reticulum dynamics

Ataxin-2, a conserved RNA-binding protein, is implicated in the late-onset neurodegenerative disease Spinocerebellar ataxia type-2 (SCA2). SCA2 is characterized by shrunken dendritic arbors and torpedo-like axons within the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Torpedo-like axons have been described to contain displaced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the periphery of the cell; however, the role of Ataxin-2 in mediating ER function in SCA2 is unclear. We utilized the Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila homologs of Ataxin-2 (ATX-2 and DAtx2, respectively) to determine the role of Ataxin-2 in ER function and dynamics in embryos and neurons. Loss of ATX-2 and DAtx2 resulted in collapse of the ER in dividing embryonic cells and germline, and ultrastructure analysis revealed unique spherical stacks of ER in mature oocytes and fragmented and truncated ER tubules in the embryo. ATX-2 and DAtx2 reside in puncta adjacent to the ER in both C. elegans and Drosophila embryos. Lastly, depletion of DAtx2 in cultured Drosophila neurons recapitulated the shrunken dendritic arbor phenotype of SCA2. ER morphology and dynamics were severely disrupted in these neurons. Taken together, we provide evidence that Ataxin-2 plays an evolutionary conserved role in ER dynamics and morphology in C. elegans and Drosophila embryos during development and in fly neurons, suggesting a possible SCA2 disease mechanism.
Prognostics Applied to Electric Propulsion UAV

Health management plays an important role in operations of UAV. If there is equipment malfunction on critical components, safe operation of the UAV might possibly be compromised. A technology with particular promise in this arena is equipment prognostics. This technology provides a state assessment of the health of components of interest and, if a degraded state has been found, it estimates how long it will take before the equipment will reach a failure threshold, conditional on assumptions about future operating conditions and future environmental conditions. This chapter explores the technical underpinnings of how to perform prognostics and shows an implementation on the propulsion of an electric UAV. A particle filter is shown as the method of choice in performing state assessment and predicting future degradation. The method is then applied to the batteries that provide power to the propeller motors. An accurate run-time battery life prediction algorithm is of critical importance to ensure the safe operation of the vehicle if one wants to maximize in-air time. Current reliability based techniques turn out to be insufficient to manage the use of such batteries where loads vary frequently in uncertain environments.
“We’re Not Ready to Give Up”

In this chapter, we will explore a case involving a 43-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer and her care. The chapter will prompt discussion and further thought about quality of life, ethics in medicine, justice in healthcare, and healthcare costs. At the conclusion of the case discussion, learners will be able to apply ethical principles to end-of-life care, analyze cost of such care in the US healthcare system, and identify conversational tools to facilitate discussion of palliative care.
The impact of transcendental meditation on depressive symptoms and blood pressure in adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Transcendental Meditation (TM) as a stress management technique may offer an adjunctive strategy to improve health and well-being in adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objectives To examine the efficacy of TM to improve aspects of cardiovascular health and psychological functioning in adults with CVD. Method Studies (a) evaluating TM in adults with hypertension or CVD and (b) assessing a physiological or psychological outcome were retrieved and meta-analyzed. Weighted mean effect sizes were computed to assess between- and within-group changes. Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria (N = 851; mean age = 60 ± 8 years; 47% women). Between-group analyses revealed no differences between TM and control groups. However, within-group (i.e., pre- to post-intervention) analyses revealed reductions in systolic (d+ = 0.31) and diastolic (d+ = 0.53) blood pressure (BP) for the TM group. There were no changes in depressive symptoms for TM or control participants. Conclusions TM was associated with within-group (but not between-groups) improvements in BP. Continued research using randomized controlled trials with larger samples, and measuring psychophysiological outcomes at longer follow-up intervals is recommended.
PREDICTING SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH BY MACHINE LEARNING OF VENTRICULAR ACTION POTENTIALS

It is difficult to predict sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) using clinical demographics or inducible arrhythmias at electrophysiological study. We hypothesized that machine learning of intracardiac repolarization information may predict ventricular arrhythmias (VT) in 3-year follow-up. We studied 42
World history on a par with Chinese history? China's search for world power in three stages

In 2011, the Department of Education in China made a policy change by elevating the study and teaching of world history to a first-class academic field. This article argues that this elevation refl...
Transcriptional regulation of ACSL1 by CHREBP and NF-kappa B in macrophages during hyperglycemia and inflammation

ABSTRACT Acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is an enzyme that converts fatty acids to acyl-CoA-derivatives for use in both lipid catabolism and lipid synthesis, including of arachidonic acid mediators that promote inflammation. ACSL1 has also been linked to the pro-atherosclerotic effects of diabetes in mice. ACSL1 expression has been reported to be upregulated in monocytes and macrophages by hyperglycemia, as well as enhanced by inflammatory stimuli, yet surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms underlying its transcriptional regulation. Here we show that increased Acsl1 mRNA expression in mouse macrophages by hyperglycemia is via transcription initiation such that nascent ACSL1 RNA and Acsl1 promoter activity are increased. We further demonstrate that the hyperglycemic-dependent induction of Acsl1 mRNA is governed by the glucose-sensing transcription factor, Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (CHREBP), since the hyperglycemic upregulation of Acsl1 mRNA is lost in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from Chrebp knock out mice. In addition, we show that LPS treatment of mouse BMDMs increased Acsl1 mRNA, and this is attenuated by an NF-kappa B inhibitor that blocks p65 subunit binding to DNA. We further show that LPS treatment increased ACSL1 protein abundance and stimulated ACSL1 protein localization to membranes where it likely exerts its activity. Using an ACSL1 reporter gene containing the promoter and 1.6 Kb of upstream regulatory region, which contain multiple predicted CHREBP and NF-kappa B (RELA) binding sites conserved between the human and mouse ACSL1 gene, we found a synergistic increase of ACSL1 promoter activity when CHREBP and RELA were co-expressed. Thus, we have identified pathways controlling the expression of ACSL1 by hyperglycemia and inflammation through CHREBP and NF-kappa B.
Do Commodity Price Shocks Cause Armed Conflict? A Meta-Analysis of Natural Experiments

Scholars of the resource curse argue that reliance on primary commodities destabilizes governments: price fluctuations generate windfalls or periods of austerity that provoke or intensify civil conflict. Over 350 quantitative studies test this claim, but prominent results point in different directions, making it difficult to discern which results reliably hold across contexts. We conduct a meta-analysis of 46 natural experiments that use difference-in-difference designs to estimate the causal effect of commodity price changes on armed civil conflict. We show that commodity price changes, on average, do not change the likelihood of conflict. However, there are cross-cutting effects by commodity type. In line with theory, we find price increases for labor-intensive agricultural commodities reduce conflict, while increases in the price of oil, a capital-intensive commodity, provoke conflict. We also find that price increases for lootable artisanal minerals provoke conflict. Our meta-analysis consolidates existing evidence, but also highlights opportunities for future research.
Uniqueness of Translation-Covariant Zero-Temperature Metastate in Disordered Ising Ferromagnets

We study ground states of Ising models with random ferromagnetic couplings, proving the triviality of all zero-temperature metastates. This result sheds a new light on the properties of these systems, putting strong restrictions on their possible ground state structure. Open problems related to existence of interface-supporting ground states are stated and an interpretation of the main result in terms of first-passage and random surface models in a random environment is presented.
Fossil Fuels and Climate Change

Burning fossil fuels produces waste gases known as combustion products that are released into the atmosphere. The most prominent combustion product is carbon dioxide (CO2), a clear, odorless gas. Levels of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere have been rising steadily since the start of the Industrial Revolution and are linked to the human combustion of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation and traps heat. Elevated concentrations of CO2 are warming the atmosphere, which has disrupted the global climate. The physics of this are very well understood, and have been for centuries. The geological record shows clear examples of climate change in the past that correlate with changes in concentrations of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere. Despite the denials of “climate contrarians,” the science is clear, the evidence is unequivocal, and the linkages are very apparent. Other greenhouse gases include methane, the primary component of natural gas and also a byproduct of anaerobic biological processes, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), widely used at one time as refrigerants.
Successful use of ERAS to improve outcomes following Nuss Procedure

Abstract Background: Prior studies have shown that the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (Nuss) has fewer complications than the open repair; however, it is associated with higher pain scores. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways are becoming standard of care across multiple surgical conditions with improved outcomes. ERAS is a multimodal, multidisciplinary, evidence-based …
A Survey on Security Attacks and Solutions in the IoT Network

IoT or Internet of Things is a network composed of connected devices that exchange information and communicate with each other. This technology allows for two or more devices that connect with each other to send and receive information through the internet. IoT has grown exponentially in the age of smart devices. The rapid development of smart devices, such as sensors and grids, are widely used in a variety of industries that include businesses, hospitals, and farming. With so many IoT devices in use, it exposes users to a multitude of security risks. In this paper, a detailed overview of IoT security attacks and recent security solution space is presented.
Technology and Culture: Differences Between the APA and ACA Ethical Codes

We conducted a section-by-section and line-by-line comparison of the ethical codes published by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Counseling Association (ACA). Overall, 144 differences exist between the two codes and, here we focus on two constructs where 36 significant differences exist: technology and culture. Of this number, three differences were direct conflicts between the APA and ACA ethical codes’ expectations for technology and cultural behavior. The other 33 differences were omissions in the APA code, meaning that specific elements in the ACA code were explicitly absent from the APA code altogether. Of the 36 total differences pertaining to technology and culture in the two codes, 27 differences relate to technology and APA does not address 25 of these 27 technology differences. Of the 36 total differences pertaining to technology and culture, nine differences relate to culture and APA does not address eight of these issues.
Anomalous nonlinear terahertz transmission of photoexcited carbon nanotubes

We demonstrate that free-standing multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary nonlinear terahertz responses upon optical excitation. Terahertz transmission of the photoexcited nanotubes rises in a narrow range of intermediate intensity with increasing intensity, while falling in the regime of low and high intensities. A theoretical analysis shows that the nanotube conductivity drops sharply in the region of intermediate intensity and soars elsewhere. Field-effect mobility and field-induced carrier multiplications are considered to be competing processes governing the rise and fall of the conductivity.
Discovery of targeted expression data for novel antibody-based and chimeric antigen receptor-based therapeutics in soft tissue sarcomas using RNA-sequencing: clinical implications.

Recent failure of phase 3 trials and paucity of druggable oncogenic drivers hamper developmental therapeutics in sarcomas. Antibody-based therapeutics, like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapeutics, have emerged as promising strategies for anticancer drug delivery. The efficacy of these novel therapies is highly dependent on expression of the antibody target. We used RNA sequencing data from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze expression of target antigens in sarcoma subtypes including dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS; n = 50), uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS; n = 27), leiomyosarcoma (STLMS; n = 53), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS; n = 44), myxofibrosarcoma (MFS; n = 17), synovial sarcoma (SS; n = 10), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST; n = 5). We searched published literature and clinicaltrial.gov for ADC targets, bispecific antibodies, immunotoxins, radioimmunoconjugates, SPEAR T-cells, and CAR's that are in clinical trials. CD70 expression was significantly higher in DDLPS, UPS, and MFS than SS and STLMS. CDH3 expression was greater in LMS and ULMS than UPS (P < 0.001), MFS (P < 0.001), and DDLPS (P < 0.001). ERBB2 expression was low; however, it was overexpressed in MPNST when compared with UPS (P < 0.001), and MFS (P < 0.01). GPNMB was highly expressed in most sarcomas, with the exception of SS. LRRC15 also appeared to be a relevant target, especially in UPS. MSLN expression was relatively low except in SS and MPNST. PDGFRA was also highly expressed in most sarcomas with the exception of ULMS and STLMS. TNFRSF8 seems to be most appropriate in DDLPS, as well as MFS. AXL was expressed especially in MFS and STLMS. Sarcoma subtypes express multiple target genes relevant for ADCs, SPEAR T-cells and CAR's, warranting further clinical validation and evaluation.
Conjectures Involving Sequences and Prime Numbers

A 1992 conjecture of Golomb asserts the existence of an infinite increasing sequence \(A=\{a_n\}\) of positive integers for which each translate \(A_k=\{a_n+k\}\) of \(A=A_o\) contains no more than \(B\) primes, for some finite bound \(B\). This conjecture is inconsistent with the “Prime \(k\)-tuples Conjecture”, which asserts that for infinitely many positive integers \(n\), all \(k\) numbers \(\{n,n+a_1,n+a_2,...,n+a_{k-1}\}\) are prime, provided that there is no prime number \(q\) for which the \(k\) integers \(\{0,a_1,a_2,...,a_{k-1}\}\) occupy all \(q\) residue classes modulo \(q\). This paper discusses reasons for believing or disbelieving each of these conjectures.
Unconstitutionally Male?: The Story of United States v. Virginia

This article tracks the different views of gender equality reflected in United States v. Virginia, from trial through the various appeals, including the 1996 opinion of the United States Supreme Court, and through the actual integration of women into VMI. It highlights the fact that while many views of equality were represented in the case throughout its history, no party and no court addressed what is arguably the most objectionable feature of VMI, which was not that it excluded women, but that its "unique" pedagogical method was based on an explicitly demeaning and subordinating view of women.
The Public and the Quake That Wasn't

Earthquake Fears, Predictions, and Preparations in Mid-America. John E. Farley. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, IL, 1998. 216 pp. $50. ISBN 0-8093-2177-7. Paper, $21.95. ISBN 0-8093-2201-3. Farley, a sociologist, explores public reaction to Iben Browning9s pseudoscientific prediction of a major earthquake on the New Madrid fault zone in December 1990. Using data gathered before and after the "pseudodisaster," he examines the public9s planned and actual responses to an earthquake prediction and the reasons why Browning was believed despite the careful analyses offered by seismologists, dismissing his claims.
The Association of Aluminum and Neurofibrillary Degeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease, a Personal Perspective

The association of aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease has a long and controversial history. Using scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectrometry we showed evidence of aluminum accumulation in the neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons of Alzheimer’s disease. With a similar approach we also demonstrated prominent aluminum accumulations in tangle-bearing neurons of cases ofALS/parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam. Studies using laser microprobe mass analysis demonstrated increased concentrations of iron and aluminum within the neurofibrillary tangle, itself. We suggest that aluminum is a requisite constituent of the neurofibrillary tangle, binding to negatively charged sites on its constituent proteins and acting as a cross-linking stabilizer.
Equipment modeling for EMC analysis

COEDS (Communication Engineering Design System), a software system for modeling and analyzing the performance of cosited (collocated) communication systems, is described. COEDS includes software models and tools for communications equipment and systems, cosite-interference interactions, performance degradation, and windows and menus for adjusting the operating environment. An example of electromagnetic-interference (EMI) analysis using COEDS is included. >
Tactile sensing for shape interpretation

Dextrous robot hands require intelligent sensing systems to manipulate unknown objects reliably in a complex environment. Tactile sensing and perception are needed to provide information on contact forces and local shape properties to ensure robust manipulation. This chapter considers the problem of inferring global object properties such as size, location and orientation from only sparse local geometric information at three fingers. Tactile sensors can provide local shape information, including surface normals, contact location on the finger, and principal curvatures and their directions. This chapter assumes that an object is a cone (not necessarily circular) but is otherwise unknown. Three contacts can in some cases determine the pose of an unknown cone, but in general, more are required. A grasping system could command finger forces to control an object’s position in a hand using this tactile information. The advantage of not using specific object models is that a system will be flexible enough to handle a wide range of parts without reprogramming, and will be robust to gross and small differences among objects.
The myth of the matriarchy: Annulling patriarchy through the regeneration of time

In need of telling their own story, feminists have constructed an origin myth that accounts for the existence of a prehistoric matriarchal rule. On the outset, the appeal of myths among nonmythic audiences is equivocal. This essay applies Mircea Eliade's theory of origin myths to two feminist rhetorical texts that recount the matriarchy origin myth. The analysis reveals that the matriarchy myth was powerful as a countermyth but potentially has a limited future among nonmythic audiences.
Gender ideology and the role of women in the 1920s Klan movement

The 1920s Ku Klux Klan movement defies conventional expectations of the role of women and the use of gender ideology in right‐wing political movements. The male Ku Klux Klan and the female Women of the Ku Klux Klan mobilized millions of white, native‐born Protestant women and men into a conservative, racist movement that supported women's rights and equality in political and economic life. This paper examines the participation of women and the development of an ideology of gender equality in the Klan movement of the 1920s. Using primary documentary materials from the Women of the Ku Klux Klan and the Ku Klux Klan, I examine the contradictions and limitations of this historical attempt to merge a rhetoric of women's rights with a right‐wing political agenda.
Electrochemical Durability of Carbon Nanotubes in Noncatalyzed and Catalyzed Oxidations

Noncatalyzed and catalyzed electrochemical oxidations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were studied with the aim to understand their durability as catalyst support in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Bare and Pt-deposited CNTs were investigated in 1.0 M sulfuric acid at a constant potential of 1.2 V. Carbon black (CB, Vulcan XC-72R) was also studied under the same experimental conditions. The carbons were oxidized at room temperature in the form of thin-film electrodes with time durations up to 48 h. Cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor the surface oxide redox reactions as a way to quantify the degree of surface oxidation on the carbons. It was found that the redox current peaks were stabilized after 8 h for CNTs, but they continue to increase for CB, showing that CNTs are more resistant to electrochemical oxidation. Similar trends were observed in the catalyzed oxidation with Pt-deposited carbons. However, much larger currents were observed, demonstrating that catalyzed oxidation had indeed occurred. The observed durability demonstrated that CNTs would be a better catalyst support in PEM fuel cells in which the commonly used CB often undergoes severe electrochemical corrosion.
Immune modulators in the context of the ovulatory process: a role for interleukin-1.

Recent studies have established the existence of a complete intraovarian interleukin-1 system replete with ligends, receptors, and a receptor antagonist. This article examines the hypothesis that intraovarian IL-1 may play an intermediary role in the ovulatory process. More specifically, it is hypothesized that intraovarian IL-1β may constitute a mediator of gonadotropins in the induction of ovulation, an effector capable of coordinating and amplifying key components of the ovulatory cascade. The insight derived from this investigation may result the elucidation of some of the molecular events underlying the ovulatory process, in the delineation of the reproductive side effects of systemic anti-IL-1 therapy, and in potentially improved strategies for the promotion of fertility or its control.
From Vertical-Cavities to Hybrid Metal/Photonic-Crystal Nanocavities: Towards High-Efficiency Nanolasers

We provide a numerical study showing that a bottom reflector is indispensable to achieve unidirectional emission from a photonic-crystal (PhC) nanolaser. First, we study a PhC slab nanocavity suspended over a flat mirror formed by a dielectric or metal substrate. We find that the laser’s vertical emission can be enhanced by more than a factor of 6 compared with the device in the absence of the mirror. Then, we study the situation where the PhC nanocavity is in contact with a flat metal surface. The underlying metal substrate may serve as both an electrical current pathway and a heat sink, which would help achieve continuous-wave lasing operation at room temperature. The design of the laser emitting at 1.3 μm reveals that a relatively high cavity Q of over 1000 is achievable assuming room-temperature gold as a substrate. Furthermore, linearly polarized unidirectional vertical emission with the radiation efficiency over 50% can be achieved. Finally, we discuss how this hybrid design relates to various plasmonic cavities and propose a useful quantitative measure of the degree of the “plasmonic” character in a general metallic nanocavity.
Effects of quillaja and yucca saponins on communities and select populations of rumen bacteria and archaea, and fermentation in vitro

Aims The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate quillaja (QSP) and yucca saponin (YSP) products with respect to their effects on diversity of rumen bacteria and archaea, abundance of selected microbes, and feed degradability and fermentation. Methods and Results Both QSP and YSP at doses 0–0·6 g l−1 tended to increase degradability of feed substrate in in vitro rumen cultures, but to different extents. Neither one of the saponins affected the concentrations of ammonia, total volatile fatty acids, or molar proportion of acetate. However, QSP increased molar proportion of propionate and decreased that of butyrate, whereas YSP tended to decrease that of butyrate. As determined by qPCR, QSP and YSP did not affect the abundance of total bacteria or Ruminococcus albus. The QSP did not affect the abundances of Fibrobacter succinogenes or genus Prevotella, but tended to decrease that of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, whereas YSP significantly increased the abundance of R. flavefaciens and Prevotella, and numerically increased that of F. succinogenes. Both saponins increased archaeal abundance, although to small magnitudes (0·3–0·4 log). The protozoal populations were decreased significantly by QSP, but not by YSP. Based on DGGE and T-RFLP analysis, both saponins altered the bacterial community and species organization, but less so the archaeal community. Conclusions This study demonstrated that saponins, although not effective in mitigating methane emission, may improve feed utilization at low doses, and modulate ruminal microbial communities in a dose-dependent manner. Significance and Impact of the Study The results of this study suggest that saponins at low doses may directly stimulate the growth of some rumen bacteria including cellulolytic bacteria, thus improving digestibility of feeds, independent of their defaunation activity. In contrast, saponins at high doses modulate rumen fermentation characteristically similar to defaunation.
Characterization of Poly(ethylene glycol) and PEGylated Products by LC/MS with Postcolumn Addition of Amines

PEGylation of peptides and proteins presents significant challenges for structural characterization due to the heterogeneity of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the number of PEG moieties attached, and the site(s) of PEGylation. In this work, a novel and powerful methodology using a postcolumn addition combined with LC/MS was developed and applied to examine high molecular weight (≥20 kDa) PEG as well as PEGylated peptide and protein products. The PEG and PEGylated compounds were eluted from RP-HPLC, and the HPLC stream was mixed with diethylmethylamine (DEMA) or triethylamine (TEA) through a T mixer coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. With these conditions, PEG is diethylmethyl- or triethyl-ammoniated instead of protonated while the protein or peptide remains protonated. The charges for PEG and the PEGylated compounds were greatly reduced, and there was no convolution among differently charged ions, even for 40 kDa PEG or tri-20 kDa PEGylated IgG4 heavy chain. Mass accuracies (<0.01%) obtained...
Validating Stat3 in cancer therapy

The transcription factor STAT3 is overactive in many tumors and has attracted attention as a drug target. But in vivo evidence suggesting that inhibiting STAT3 could counteract cancer has been incomplete. The picture in the whole animal now begins to clarify, and it bodes well for this approach (pages 623–629).
Microbial Metabolism Studies on the Major Microbial and Mammalian Metabolite of Primaquine

Abstract The microbial metabolism of 8-(3-carboxy-1-methylpropylamino)-6-methoxyquinoline (II), a known microbial and mammalian metabolite of the antimalarial drug primaquine (I), was investigated using selected organisms. Streptomyces rimosus produced a single metabolite that was identified as an amide derivative of II (V) by spectroscopic methods. The amide (V) was synthesized by ammonia treatment of the methyl ester (IV). The lactam derivative (VI) was also prepared by treatment of II with N -ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,3-dihydroquino-line.
Electron beam injection during active experiments: 1. Electromagnetic wave emissions

The wave emissions produced in Echo 7 experiment by active injections of electron beams were investigated to determine the properties of the electromagnetic and electrostatic fields for both the field-aligned and cross-field injection in such experiments and to evaluate the sources of free energy and relative efficiencies for the generation of the VLF and HF emissions. It is shown that, for typical beam energies in active experiments, electromagnetic effects do not substantially change the bulk properties of the beam, spacecraft charging, and plasma particle acceleration. Through simulations, beam-generated whistlers; fundamental z-mode and harmonic x-mode radiation; and electrostatic electron-cyclotron, upper-hybrid, Langmuir, and lower-hybrid waves were identified. The characteristics of the observed wave spectra were found to be sensitive to both the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the cyclotron frequency and the angle of injection relative to the magnetic field.
Single-pulse, two-line temperature-measurement technique using KrF laser-induced O 2 fluorescence

A new single-pulse, two-line laser-induced O(2) fluorescence (LIF) temperature-measurement technique was demonstrated. The fluorescence spectrum obtained with multichannel detection following simultaneous excitation of two coincident transitions in the 0-6 and the 2-7 bands of the B(3)Σ(-)(u)-X(3)Σ(-)(g) Schumann-Runge system was used to determine the gas temperature. The rms error of 100-pulse average LIF temperature measurements, referenced to their corresponding thermocouple measurements, was 1.3% over a temperature range of 1300-1800 K in atmospheric air. Photon shot noise was found to be the primary source of uncertainty for these measurements in a quiescent environment. Single-pulse temperature-measurement uncertainties (1 σ) ranged from approximately 13% at 1300 K to 7% at 1800 K.
Charge-transfer salts derived from MET: Synthesis, structure and properties of (MET)ClO4, (MET)PF6 and (MET)3(ReO4)2

Three charge transfer salts derived from the MET (4,5-methylenedithio-4′,5′-ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene) donor molecule have been synthesized: (MET)ClO4 and isostructural (MET)PF6 crystallize in the monoclinic space group C 2/m, Z = 2, with unit cell dimensions a = 13.842(3) A, b = 10.255(3) A, c = 5.842(1) A, β = 104.31(2)°, Vc = 803.6(3) A3 and a = 14.146(4) A, b = 10.521(2) A, c = 5.901(1) A, β = 105.02(2)°, Vc = 848.2(3) A3, respectively, and (MET)3(ReO4)2 is triclinic, P1, Z = 1, with unit cell dimensions a = 8.007(6) A, b = 9.814(6) A, c = 15.526(9) A, α = 90.90(5)°, β = 90.85(6)°, γ = 110.58(5)°, Vc = 1142(2) A3. Single crystal electrical conductivity and ESR measurements show that these salts all exhibit semiconducting behavior. A structural phase transition is observed in the 1:1 (MET)ClO4 salt at ≅ 180 K and is indicated in the 1:1 (MET)PF6 salt on the basis of low temperature ESR data. The packing of the donor molecules in the two 1:1 salts is similar to that previously reported in (BEDSe-TSeF)PF6. The structure type observed for (MET)3(PF6)2 is most closely related that observed in 3:1 MT salts.