cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of an Emerging Diagnostic Test Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography

He that will divide a minute into a thousand parts and break but a part of the thousandth part of a minute in the affairs of love, it may be said of him that Cupid hath clapped him o’ the shoulder, but I’ll warrant him heart-whole. — —Shakespeare, As You Like It The wheel is come full-circle. — —Shakespeare, King Lear The study by Mollet et al on CT coronary angiography in this issue of Circulation is important for several reasons.1 The 64-multislice technology for acquiring tomographic x-rays of the coronary vessels during the arterial phase of a bolus of iodinated contrast introduces several technical advances: improved spatial resolution (thinner slices), improved temporal resolution (less time needed to acquire an image means less time for the vessel to move), and improved spatial coverage of the heart (reduction of registration errors). Unlike previous studies, the authors attempted to analyze the entire length of all of the major arteries, not just those in which image quality was optimal. All patients had the definitive end point comparison to invasive angiography, which was not prompted by the results of the CT examination. The authors report sensitivity for the detection of significant obstructive disease of 99% and a specificity of 95%, confirming a slight propensity of CT to generate false-positive lesions in the presence of vessel wall calcification. Although the results were excellent, it is clear that this study and others have struggled with the question as to how to best evaluate CT angiography. Article p 2318 New tests face validation challenges that are both common to all emerging technologies and unique to the specific test. CT coronary angiography is a purely anatomical (at least at present) result of a structure that is variable between individuals. It is also noninvasive, therefore, it cannot be …
Primary Pulmonary Involvement of Fusarium solani in a Lung Transplant Recipient

A case of cavitary lung disease caused by Fusarium solani in a lung transplant recipient is presented. A mechanism for development of this infection is proposed. Lipid complex amphotericin B (Abelcet) was effective in eradicating this infection. To our knowledge, invasive lung disease caused by the Fusarium species has not been previously reported in a solid organ transplant recipient.
Recovering in Depressed Women: Research With Peplau's Theory

The purpose of this research was to describe the process of recovering in women who have been depressed. The descriptive research design for this study was guided by Peplau's interpersonal theory of nursing. The sample consisted of seven women who had at one time been hospitalized with a diagnosis of depression and who now considered themselves to be recovering. Audiotaped interviews were conducted in the women's homes. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The analysis revealed that the process of recovering as described by the seven depressed women consisted of eight categories which comprised three phases. Recovering was initiated by a crisis or turning point experience. Phase I consists of the turning point and professional support; phase II consists of determination, work-over-time, support of family and friends, and successes; and phase III consists of self-esteem and maintaining balance. The process of recovering is internal and ongoing. Further research is suggested.
Automatic impedance matching with a neural network

A neural network is developed for the stub-tuning process. The determination of a double-stub solution by means of computer simulation is demonstrated. The applications to in-circuit, real-time microwave impedance matching are suggested. >
Presidential Campaigning at the Grass Roots

This study investigates differences in grass-roots party activity for the Democratic and Republication presidential candidates in 1992. Chairs of the party organizations and the presidential campaign organizations in a national sample of counties reported considerable variation in relative party effort at the county level in 1992, with the Democrats generally outperforming their GOP rivals. Four factors were examined as potential sources of these differences: electoral conditions at the state and county levels, capacities of the local organizations, integration of the local organizations into the national campaign, and responsiveness of the different local parties to one another. Only the relative organizational capacities of local party organizations (but not presidential campaign organizations) and integration of local and national organizations were strongly related to interparty activity differences, which confirms the importance of the standing local party organizations and the modern "coordinated ca...
Replacement of infected aortic prosthetic graft with aortic homograft after heart transplantation: 13-year follow-up.

Acute ascending aortic dissection (AAAD) is a rare complication after orthotopic heart transplantation. We report a patient with AAAD after heart transplantation in whom repair was complicated by infection of the ascending aortic prosthetic graft. This was successfully managed by re-do replacement with two cryopreserved aortic homografts. Despite extensive calcification in the wall, the homografts show no aneurysm or dilation after 10 years. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12097 (J Card Surg 2013;28:312–314)
Barometric pressure-induced frequency offsets in hydrogen masers

Barometric pressure variations have been found to induce significant frequency shifts in atomic hydrogen masers by changing the compressive forces exerted on the maser's electromagnetic cavity. The observed frequency shifts, which can be as large as 1 part in 10/sup -13/, track rising and falling pressures symmetrically. The barometric pressure fluctuations control the maser's aging rate for periods as short as a few hours and as long as two weeks. >
Biological network mapping and source signal deduction

Motivation: Many biological networks, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and the absorbance spectra of metabolite mixtures, can be represented in a bipartite fashion. Key to understanding these bipartite networks are the network architecture and governing source signals. Such information is often implicitly imbedded in the data. Here we develop a technique, network component mapping (NCM), to deduce bipartite network connectivity and regulatory signals from data without any need for prior information. Results: We demonstrate the utility of our approach by analyzing UV-vis spectra from mixtures of metabolites and gene expression data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From UV-vis spectra, hidden mixing networks and pure component spectra (sources) were deduced to a higher degree of resolution with our method than other current bipartite techniques. Analysis of S.cerevisiae gene expression from two separate environmental conditions (zinc and DTT treatment) yielded transcription networks consistent with ChIP-chip derived network connectivity. Due to the high degree of noise in gene expression data, the transcription network for many genes could not be inferred. However, with relatively clean expression data, our technique was able to deduce hidden transcription networks and instances of combinatorial regulation. These results suggest that NCM can deduce correct network connectivity from relatively accurate data. For noisy data, NCM yields the sparsest network capable of explaining the data. In addition, partial knowledge of the network topology can be incorporated into NCM as constraints. Availability: Algorithm available on request from the authors. Soon to be posted on the web, http://www.seas.ucla.edu/~liaoj/ Contact: liaoj@ucla.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hybrid active noise cancellation for appliances

The noise from an automatic dishwasher was partially canceled using both open-loop cancellation and a generalized minimum variance (GMV) control law. The open-loop approach was used to partially cancel the main periodic component (120 Hz), while the GMV control law was used to partially cancel some of the random components of the noise. A hybrid canceler using both approaches together produced the greatest cancellation. >
Evaluating acute physiological responses of porcine epidermis exposed to a pulsed 3.8-micron laser

Five male Yorkshire pigs were exposed on their flank to 4 microsecond pulses of laser light from a Deuterium Fluoride 3.8 micron Laser at varying energies. A preliminary ED50 threshold for various skin reactions was determined for this laser exposure combination. The animal’s skin was assessed for injury immediately, 1 hour, 24 hours and 72 hours post exposure. In general, energies below 3.2 J/cm2 leave no lasting skin reaction. As energy increased above the threshold, erythema or skin reddening was easily visualized. High-energy pulses appear to produce a “rug burn” erythema without evidence of punctate hemorrage (bleeding) or coagulation. Laser exposure sites on the pigs were also biopsied to obtain histopathological results. These findings suggest that the principal effect of this type of in-vivo laser exposure is removal of the epithelium, while not damaging the papillary dermis or structures beneath the Basement Membrane Zone (BMZ).
Feudalism, Revolution and Neo-feudalism: A Review Article

General de Gaulle in a conversation with Andre Malraux pointed to the contradiction implicit in equalitarian revolution. The General said, 'You know, the French have always found it difficult to work out a balance between their desire for privilege and their taste for equality.'1 The problem, however, is not conspiciously French, it is perennially human. Those who make revolutions in the name of equality, having overthrown the ancient elites and destroyed entrenched privilege, are puzzled and divided by their own hungers for status and privilege. Revolutionary rhetoric comes to assert, often as not, as did the pigs in Orwell's Animal Farm, 'All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.'
Adrenals, Stress and the Environment

(1971). Adrenals, Stress and the Environment. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 327-349.
Business, Advertising, and the Social Control of News

This study demonstrates how businesses employ their advertising to socially control and thus censor viewpoints they do not like. In 1970-71, when the University of Iowa student newspaper the Daily ...
A Mechanism for the Evolution of Altruism among Nonkin: Positive Assortment through Environmental Feedback

The evolution of altruism often requires genetic similarity among interactors. For structured populations in which a social trait affects all group members, this entails positive assortment, meaning that cooperators and noncooperators tend to be segregated into different groups. Several authors have claimed that mechanisms other than common descent can produce positive assortment, but this claim has not been generally accepted. Here, we describe one such mechanism. The process of "environmental feedback" requires only that the cooperative trait affects the quality of the local environment and that individuals are more likely to leave low-quality than high-quality environments. We illustrate this dynamic using an agent-based spatial model of feeding restraint. Depending on parameter settings, results included both positive assortment (required for the evolution of altruism) and negative assortment (required for the evolution of spite). The mechanism of environmental feedback appears to be a general one that could play a role in the evolution of many forms of cooperation.
Implicit Bias and Policing

In a time when racial prejudice is generally taboo and decision makers, including law enforcement officials, strenuously disavow the use of group-based stereotypes to make judgments that affect others, one might expect discriminatory outcomes to be unusual. However, research repeatedly indicates that discrimination is pervasive across many domains, and specifically in policing. A major cause of biased policing is likely the implicit biases that operate outside of conscious awareness and control but nevertheless influence our behaviors. Implicit biases (e.g., stereotypes linking Blacks with crime or with related traits like violence or hostility) influence judgments through processes of misattribution and disambiguation. Although psychological science gives us good insight into the causes of racially biased policing, there are as yet no known, straightforward, effective intervention programs. Nevertheless, there are several strands of research that represent promising avenues for further exploration, including intergroup contact, exposure to counter-stereotypic exemplars, and stereotype negation. Meanwhile, many police departments are adjusting their policies, trainings, and procedures to try to address biased policing and community complaints. Several common themes among those changes include banning racial profiling, collecting data, training officers, reducing discretion, and adopting new technologies. These adjustments are more likely to be successful if they incorporate the understanding that biased policing occurs in the absence of explicitly “racist” thoughts because of well-documented, pernicious stereotypes that operate largely outside of conscious awareness and control.
Hemispheric asymmetry in event knowledge activation during incremental language comprehension: A visual half-field ERP study

During incremental language comprehension, the brain activates knowledge of described events, including knowledge elements that constitute semantic anomalies in their linguistic context. The present study investigates hemispheric asymmetries in this process, with the aim of advancing our understanding of the neural basis and functional properties of event knowledge activation during incremental comprehension. In a visual half-field event-related brain potential (ERP) experiment, participants read brief discourses in which the third sentence contained a word that was either highly expected, semantically anomalous but related to the described event (Event-Related), or semantically anomalous but unrelated to the described event (Event-Unrelated). For both visual fields of target word presentation, semantically anomalous words elicited N400 ERP components of greater amplitude than did expected words. Crucially, Event-Related anomalous words elicited a reduced N400 relative to Event-Unrelated anomalous words only with left visual field/right hemisphere presentation. This result suggests that right hemisphere processes are critical to the activation of event knowledge elements that violate the linguistic context, and in doing so informs existing theories of hemispheric asymmetries in semantic processing during language comprehension. Additionally, this finding coincides with past research suggesting a crucial role for the right hemisphere in elaborative inference generation, raises interesting questions regarding hemispheric coordination in generating event-specific linguistic expectancies, and more generally highlights the possibility of functional dissociation of event knowledge activation for the generation of elaborative inferences and for linguistic expectancies.
Smart drill-down: a new data exploration operator

We present a data exploration system equipped with smart drill-down, a novel operator for interactively exploring a relational table to discover and summarize "interesting" groups of tuples. Each such group of tuples is represented by a rule. For instance, the rule (a, b, *, 1000) tells us that there are a thousand tuples with value a in the first column and b in the second column (and any value in the third column). Smart drill-down presents an analyst with a list of rules that together describe interesting aspects of the table. The analyst can tailor the definition of interesting, and can interactively apply smart drill-down on an existing rule to explore that part of the table. In the demonstration, conference attendees will be able to use the data exploration system equipped with smart drill-down, and will be able to contrast smart drill-down to traditional drill-down, for various interestingness measures, and resource constraints.
Zinc and copper levels in pregnant women and those taking oral contraceptives.

Total plasma zinc and copper levels were measured in three groups of women. The copper levels were elevated in pregnant women and in subjects taking oral contraceptives. Although not statistically significant, it appeared as if the zinc levels were lower in pregnant women, but they were elevated in subjects taking oral contraceptives.
Megachannel Analyzers

The need for multiparameter multichannel analyzers which span a range of millions of channels is easily demonstrated. To meet this need three basically different techniques have been developed: event recording, multi-window preselection, and associative-memory analysis. Criteria for choosing between the various systems or combinations of them are reviewed. Within each analyzer class, design features which have proved effective in hardware and software implementations are presented. Two new systems, presently operational at our laboratory, are described. The first, a computer time-shared, magnetic tape, three-dimensional event recorder, has additional facilities for accumulating analysis and display of any three single dimensional spectra. Display selection parameters and window boundaries are all inserted by direct light pen manipulation on the data field. A second megachannel analyzer system, which uses computer programmed associative-memory techniques offers the user a more effective utilization of core memory than was attainable in the past. Finally, certain features such as speed, event entry, and memory utilization are reviewed in the context of the various systems.
Swelling of the Muscles of Adrenalectomised Rats.

ConclusionsThe conclusion of Winter and Hartman, that adrenalectomy in the rat is followed by an increase in the rate at which water enters the muscles, i. e., by an increase in permeability, is not confirmed. The observation that the muscles of the operated animals contain a greater percentage of water is confirmed. I t is pointed out that an increase in permeability to water, even if it were to exist, would not account for the increased water content.
Photoisomerization of stilbene: a spin-flip density functional theory approach.

The photoisomerization process of 1,2-diphenylethylene (stilbene) is investigated using the spin-flip density functional theory (SFDFT), which has recently been shown to be a promising approach for locating conical intersection (CI) points (Minezawa, N.; Gordon, M. S. J. Phys. Chem. A2009, 113, 12749). The SFDFT method gives valuable insight into twisted stilbene to which the linear response time-dependent DFT approach cannot be applied. In contrast to the previous SFDFT study of ethylene, a distinct twisted minimum is found for stilbene. The optimized structure has a sizable pyramidalization angle and strong ionic character, indicating that a purely twisted geometry is not a true minimum. In addition, the SFDFT approach can successfully locate two CI points: the twisted-pyramidalized CI that is similar to the ethylene counterpart and another CI that possibly lies on the cyclization pathway of cis-stilbene. The mechanisms of the cis–trans isomerization reaction are discussed on the basis of the two-dimens...
Synthesis of Surface-Functionalized WS2 Nanosheets and Performance as Li-Ion Battery Anodes

Separation of bulk tungsten disulfide (or WS2) into few-layer two-dimensional (2-D) crystals is of interest because of their high surface area for certain chemical processes and size-dependent optical and electronic characteristics. Herein, we demonstrate a process that involves the physical separation of weakly bonded WS2 layers by use of a strong acid treatment (chlorosulfonic acid) at 2 mg/mL, followed by quenching in deionized (DI) water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the superacid-treated WS2 suggests the formation of W–O type bonds, signifying oxidation of tungsten and reduction of the sulfur phase. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a three-phase weight-loss pattern, suggesting acid functionalization of WS2 surfaces. We also studied the electrochemical behavior of an acid-treated WS2 anode in a lithium half-cell configuration that showed a three-step charge–discharge behavior, characteristic of a conversion reaction. The electrochemical capacity was 118 mAh/g after 50 cycles.
Netting the Empire: Relationships and US Roles Governing Small Arms and Military and Security Services

The US roles in the governance trajectories of small arms and military and security services are puzzling traditional analyses. While the US was important in both, its behavior looks quite different in these two issues and defies the expectations of realist or liberal versions of hegemony as well as classic views of Empire. By examining the different patterns of relational ties with the US on these two issues, as well as the brokerage versus closure strategies of key nodes aiming to “net” the US, we can better explain these distinct governance dynamics. In the small arms issue, competing networks (for and against regulation) connected with the US using a closure logic. While pro-regulatory connections led the Clinton administration to interact with other states and intergovernmental organizations as a global leader to support regulation, anti-regulatory connections with the Bush administration led the US to interact with the same actors as a sovereign authority to frustrate governance efforts. In the private security service issue, however, a brokerage strategy by the Swiss government and the ICRC brought US regulators in contact with a broader array of state, sub-state, and non-state intermediaries on the basis of a wider variety of authority claims to enhance transnational governance. The US is a central and important actor but forming connections to shape US preferences and authority claims is an important avenue for those in an out of the US to influencing the direction of transnational security governance.
Control and Application of Singular Systems

This paper introduces the basic ideas and the developments in the recent years, discusses its applications in economical control , decentralized control, robust control and network control .This paper also researches the applications of singular systems in control engineering and give some examples.
Asymptotically Periodic Solution of Non-autonomous Competition Dispersion System

A non-autonomous competition dispersion ecological system with functional response and continuous time delay is proposed in this paper.The system, which is consisted of n-pathes,has two competitors,one can diffuse among npathes,but the other is confined to one patch and cannot diffuse.By constructing a suitable Liapunov function,we obtain the system have a unique asymptotically periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable.
Review: The Modern Architectural Landscape by Caroline Constant

Caroline Constant. The Modern Architectural Landscape Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012, 344 pp., 139 b/w illus. $30.00, ISBN 9780816676354 In an era when many think the historic narratives of landscape architecture and architecture are irreconcilably distinct, Caroline Constant elegantly constructs “thresholds out of boundaries” (99). Written over twenty years, the essays collected in The Modern Architectural Landscape critique recognized projects from the 1920s design of Sunnyside Gardens in New York City to the 1980s competition for the Parc de la Villette in Paris, countering the assumption that architects did not play a role in “shaping new attitudes toward the field” of landscape architecture (vii). Constant persuasively describes how the relationship between modern architecture and landscape architecture has never been monolithic, but rather becomes “capable of elaboration and change by means of iterative processes of negotiation” (8). Formulating an alternative framework, she reassesses the “nature of the architecture-landscape continuum” (vii) in the West, suggesting it has been far more fluid than previously acknowledged. Binding Constant’s nine essays (three new, six revised) is the contention that there were modernist architects who took landscape seriously. She uses text as well as selected black-and-white photographs and drawn plans for each project to build the arguments within contextually rich frameworks. In the end, she has deconstructed the abstract white building placed on the tabula rasa as the quintessential product of modern architecture, a deeply embedded trope in architectural as well as landscape history. Her argument expands on David Leatherbarrow’s descriptions of shared topographical conditions of architecture and landscape architecture to engage in the process and the final product of design, socially, culturally, and ecologically.1 Setting the stage for the essays, Constant’s introduction describes “potential points of convergence” between architecture and landscape architecture practice. She begins with the challenge that “if we understand landscape as the medium through which the social, political, and physical structures that endow the ground with cultural value are brought …
Malthus, the Slave Trade, and the Civilizing Effect of the Preventive Checks

Robert Malthus was, by his own admission, opposed to slavery and the slave trade. Nevertheless, English proponents of the slave trade, and southern slave owners in the southern United States, appealed to his population principle in their defense. The disconnect between these two statements is a classic study of how ideas get lost in their cultural appropriation. My interest in this paper emerges not from the disjunction between different interpretations of Malthus’ population principle, but from his off-the-cuff response to the discovery that defenders of the slave trade in England were using his argument to bolster their case. In that response, Malthus constructs an argument about the interplay between the population principle and the preventive checks that reinforces the interpretation of the role of “the degree of civilization” in the subsequent editions of his Essay that I offered in a recent paper.The argument is twofold. First, the paper revisits the argument that the expansion of the realm of exchange among individuals in a society, supported by institutional development of individual property rights and the rule of law, would effectively prevent the inexorable effects of the population principle by expanded operation of prudential and moral decisions regarding the timing of marriage. In societies with a high degree of civilization, population growth was regulated solely by the prevailing power of prudence and moral restraint. Slavery not only violated the individual rights of the slave, but also created a set of social relations that stymied the effective operation of prudential and moral restraint. Secondly, in the examination of Malthus’ response to the use of his population principle by advocates of slavery, we see Malthus argue that the continuation of barbarous (i.e., uncivilized and unrestrained) practices among societies that claimed to be “high” civilizations would only continue the participation of members of other societies in those same barbarous practices. Thus, slavery was also a form of institutional failure, which prevented the advancement of any society that participated in it toward a higher degree of civilization.
SU-C-207B-05: Tissue Segmentation of Computed Tomography Images Using a Random Forest Algorithm: A Feasibility Study

Purpose: Develop an automated Random Forest algorithm for tissue segmentation of CT examinations. Methods: Seven materials were classified for segmentation: background, lung/internal gas, fat, muscle, solid organ parenchyma, blood/contrast, and bone using Matlab and the Trainable Weka Segmentation (TWS) plugin of FIJI. The following classifier feature filters of TWS were investigated: minimum, maximum, mean, and variance each evaluated over a pixel radius of 2n, (n = 0–4). Also noise reduction and edge preserving filters, Gaussian, bilateral, Kuwahara, and anisotropic diffusion, were evaluated. The algorithm used 200 trees with 2 features per node. A training data set was established using an anonymized patient's (male, 20 yr, 72 kg) chest-abdomen-pelvis CT examination. To establish segmentation ground truth, the training data were manually segmented using Eclipse planning software, and an intra-observer reproducibility test was conducted. Six additional patient data sets were segmented based on classifier data generated from the training data. Accuracy of segmentation was determined by calculating the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between manual and auto segmented images. Results: The optimized autosegmentation algorithm resulted in 16 features calculated using maximum, mean, variance, and Gaussian blur filters with kernel radii of 1, 2, and 4 pixels, in addition to the original CT number, and Kuwahara filter (linear kernel of 19 pixels). Ground truth had a DSC of 0.94 (range: 0.90–0.99) for adult and 0.92 (range: 0.85–0.99) for pediatric data sets across all seven segmentation classes. The automated algorithm produced segmentation with an average DSC of 0.85 ± 0.04 (range: 0.81–1.00) for the adult patients, and 0.86 ± 0.03 (range: 0.80–0.99) for the pediatric patients. Conclusion: The TWS Random Forest auto-segmentation algorithm was optimized for CT environment, and able to segment seven material classes over a range of body habitus and CT protocol parameters with an average DSC of 0.86 ± 0.04 (range: 0.80–0.99).
‘To preserve the Original Constitution of Parliaments’: Revolution and Preservation in James Tyrrell’s Whig History

In 1681 James Tyrrell was unwilling to endorse Philip Hunton’s defense of resistance, but after 1688 Tyrrell deliberately set out to construct a justification of resistance. In the 1690s he, like other Whigs, argued that resistance to James II had, in fact, preserved England’s ancient constitution. ‘I think I shall be able to make out,’ Tyrrell wrote in 1693 ‘…that all Resistance of the King, or those commissioned by him, is so far from being Treason, as you suppose, that it is every mans duty to oppose him in case he goes about to set up, instead of a Legal Monarchy, a Tyrannical Arbitrary Power in this Nation, since this is but to preserve the Original Constitution of Parliaments, which in some cases cannot be maintained without such a Resistance be allowed.’1 A central goal of Tyrrell’s work after the Revolution was to prove that the end of resistance, as it was envisioned and enacted by the Whigs, was to preserve and defend England’s ancient government of king–in–parliament.
Highly Sensitive Flexible Magnetic Sensor Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effect

A highly sensitive flexible magnetic sensor based on the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect is fabricated. A limit of detection of 150 nT is observed and excellent deformation stability is achieved after wrapping of the flexible sensor, with bending radii down to 5 mm. The flexible AMR sensor is used to read a magnetic pattern with a thickness of 10 μm that is formed by ferrite magnetic inks.
Bayesian analysis of heterogeneous treatment effects for patient-centered outcomes research

Evaluation of heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) is an essential aspect of personalized medicine and patient-centered outcomes research. Our goal in this article is to promote the use of Bayesian methods for subgroup analysis and to lower the barriers to their implementation by describing the ways in which the companion software beanz can facilitate these types of analyses. To advance this goal, we describe several key Bayesian models for investigating HTE and outline the ways in which they are well-suited to address many of the commonly cited challenges in the study of HTE. Topics highlighted include shrinkage estimation, model choice, sensitivity analysis, and posterior predictive checking. A case study is presented in which we demonstrate the use of the methods discussed.
In patients in the emergency department with acute pain, 10, 15, and 30 mg of ketorolac did not differ for pain relief

Source Citation Motov S, Yasavolian M, Likourezos A, et al. Comparison of intravenous ketorolac at three single-dose regimens for treating acute pain in the emergency department: a randomized contr...
Bacterial Meningitis in the ICU

Bacterial meningitis is a condition which carries a high mortality and morbidity rate and involves inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis is a neurologic emergency that presents with at least one of the symptoms forming the classic triad: nuchal rigidity, fever and altered mental status (Attia et al. JAMA 281(2):175–181, 1999). The classic triad is only present in 44 % of patients at presentation, so physicians must maintain high clinical suspicion (van de Beek et al. N Engl J Med 351(18):1849–1859, 2004). Management is aimed at early recognition and rapid administration of antibiotics with adjunctive dexamethasone therapy (de Gans and van de Beek N Engl J Med 347(20):1549–1556, 2002). The two most common community acquired pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. In immunocompromised patients or patients above the age of 50, Listeria monocytogenes must also be considered. Diagnosis is typically made through a lumbar puncture (LP) demonstrating elevated white blood cells (WBC) with a neutrophil predominance. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) microbial analysis and blood cultures yield a definitive diagnosis. Empiric therapy includes broad spectrum antibiotics with vancomycin and a third generation cephalosporin. Dexamethasone prior to or at the time of initial antibiotics is recommended to reduce the neurologic sequelae and complications of pneumococcal meningitis. Although some patients require imaging prior to LP, antibiotics should not be delayed as this is associated with poor outcomes including chronic neurological deficits and death. Healthcare associated bacterial meningitis is less common and usually occurs after a neurosurgical procedure or trauma and differs in the microbial pathogens.
Distributed Modeling Case Studies

The case studies presented in this chapter illustrate aspects of distributed hydrologic modeling using GIS. The main advantage of distributed modeling is that the spatial variation of parameters and rainfall input is incorporated into the model response. Each parameter and rainfall input has its own spatial variability, which can be characterized by informational entropy (see Chapter 4). Lumping of the parameter, i.e., taking the mean of a parameter for a particular sub-basin, may or may not have important consequences on the hydrograph response of the model. If the parameter has a narrow range of variation or the parameter has only a few values represented in the basin, then lumping may have little effect. Homogeneous land surface/cover or uniform soil properties result in low informational entropy, meaning that average values are suitable. Where large spatial variability exists, lumping will have important effects. If we lump a parameter by replacing the spatially variable parameter map with a mean value, we still have spatially distributed runoff routing. The effect of lumping a parameter within the context of distributed routing demonstrates the relative importance of the spatial variability of each parameter.
Crossing the Boundaries of Employee Engagement and Workplace Diversity and Inclusion: Moving HRD Forward in a Complicated Sociopolitical Climate.

This essay explores the intersection of employee engagement and workplace diversity and inclusion. The current trend of organizations fusing these two concepts has provided motivation to examine the (dis)connection between theory and practice. This essay advances the perspectives of practitioners, as well as a critical framework used to discuss implications for HRD and additional research. In the current sociopolitical climate, this topic of inquiry is potentially relevant to address racism, xenophobia, and other forms of prejudice in the workplace. The review of literature points to organizational performance as a shared objective of employee engagement and workplace diversity and inclusion. Therefore, I argue that organizational performance could be a catalyst for understanding and leveraging the personal interests of employees through joint employee engagement and diversity initiatives.
Site-selective oxidation, amination and epimerization reactions of complex polyols enabled by transfer hydrogenation

Polyoxygenated hydrocarbons that bear one or more hydroxyl groups comprise a large set of natural and synthetic compounds, often with potent biological activity. In synthetic chemistry, alcohols are important precursors to carbonyl groups, which then can be converted into a wide range of oxygen- or nitrogen-based functionality. Therefore, the selective conversion of a single hydroxyl group in natural products into a ketone would enable the selective introduction of unnatural functionality. However, the methods known to convert a simple alcohol, or even an alcohol in a molecule that contains multiple protected functional groups, are not suitable for selective reactions of complex polyol structures. We present a new ruthenium catalyst with a unique efficacy for the selective oxidation of a single hydroxyl group among many in unprotected polyol natural products. This oxidation enables the introduction of nitrogen-based functional groups into such structures that lack nitrogen atoms and enables a selective alcohol epimerization by stepwise or reversible oxidation and reduction.
Incorporating interface bids in the economic dispatch for multi-area power systems

The problem of incorporating interface bids by market participants in the coordinated economic dispatch for multi-area power systems is considered. Interface bids facilitate power flow between different areas whereas different system operators do not trade directly. The model of interface bids in coordinated economic dispatch is presented. Interface bids are cleared prior to real time markets, with the objective to minimize the sum of costs of internal and interface bids, and settled together with internal bids by real time locational marginal prices. Properties of individual optimality and revenue adequacy are established. Numerical experiments show the advantages of the proposed method over existing benchmarks.
Experimental drought and plant invasion additively suppress primary pine species of southeastern US forests

Abstract Climate change and non-native invasive species are two predominant drivers of global environmental change, yet little is known about how they might interact to affect native communities and ecosystems. Drought and plant invasions are intensifying in ecosystems worldwide, including ecologically and economically important pine forests of the southeastern United States. These stressors can alter resource availability and plant competition outcomes, and may together exert additive, synergistic, or offsetting effects on native species, but such outcomes are difficult to predict. We used a factorial common garden experiment to determine how simulated drought, invasion by Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass), and their interaction affected seedling survival and performance (relative growth rates of height and diameter, and biomass) of two native pine species, Pinus elliottii var. densa (South Florida slash pine) and Pinus taeda (loblolly pine). In general, loblolly pine outperformed slash pine over the course of the experiment, but the directions and magnitudes of each species’ responses to the treatments were similar, with the two stressors often exhibiting additive negative effects on pine seedling performance. For both species, invasion significantly suppressed seedling survival, drought reduced relative growth rates in height, and drought and invasion had an additive negative effect on diameter compared to ambient conditions with resident plant communities. The suppressive effects of drought on these primary pine species suggests that increasing drought in the region could scale up to affect forest stand dynamics. Furthermore, the experimental demonstration of cogongrass impacts on pine seedling survival and performance should further motivate land owners and property managers to remove this noxious invasive species. To predict the long-term outcome of drought and invasion on forest stands, and more broadly on vegetation dynamics in ecosystems affected by these global change agents, additional evaluations of their separate and interactive effects are needed. Nonetheless, these results experimentally demonstrate that stress from experimental drought combined with competition from an aggressive grass invader can significantly suppress seedlings of primary pine species of southeastern US forests.
How Voters Punish and Donors Protect Legislators Embroiled in Scandal

Previous studies have largely overlooked three key components of a scandal that could determine how it shapes election outcomes: the extent to which it is covered in the media, the potential that d...
Outcomes of Revision ACL

The outcome of revision ACL surgery is generally considered less successful than primary ACL reconstruction. Revision surgery is technically more challenging due to many factors including limitations in graft choice, placement of previous bone tunnels, other concomitant knee injuries, chronicity of instability, possible development of degenerative changes, adhesions, and many others. Return to sport following revision surgery is also affected by these factors and is less predictable than in the primary setting. Stability can generally be restored, but the long-term function of the knee following revision reconstruction ultimately can be limited due to degenerative lesions and the onset of arthritis.
STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY TOPICS | Stratospheric Water Vapor

Stratospheric water vapor plays a significant role in the climate system. In spite of the fact that its concentration is very small, it plays key roles in radiative and chemical processes. Additionally, its distribution can be used to assess zonally averaged transport processes as well as changes in stratospheric transport that are not directly measurable but important for understanding the evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer. Key mechanisms that contribute to the control of stratospheric water vapor concentrations are stratospheric photochemistry and transport, tropical tropopause dehydration, and polar dehydration. Transport from troposphere to stratosphere at midlatitudes also appears to impact stratospheric water vapor. Although global water vapor trend determination from the historical record is difficult due to the lack of long-term continuous measurements, there are indications that the stratospheric water vapor has increased over the past 50 years, which is to be expected given that methane emissions have increased, and oxidation of methane is the major production of water vapor in the stratosphere. However, we do not fully understand the stratospheric water vapor budget and the mechanisms that control entry into the stratosphere. It is therefore difficult to predict changes expected in a future climate, and hence the study of stratospheric water vapor remains an active area of research.
Economic Transition and the Position of Women

This paper examines the changing status of women during the 1990s in Eastern Europe (including the former Soviet Union). The period has been one of enormous socio-economic transformation as former command economies have given way to more mixed systems, with significant changes to the means of livelihood of the population and the position of women. Eastern Europe was well regarded for its achievements in the field of gender owing to its success in assuring equal access to education and healthcare, and encouraging paid employment for all. The concern is that the transition to a market economy may have eroded these achievements with the burden of the transition falling disproportionately on women.The paper examines how women have fared during the economic transition in Eastern Europe. It focuses on two aspects of women's status: health and labor market involvement, and uses a range of data sources to examine trends in these variables over the 1990s. It concludes that while there has been an erosion in some former achievements, at least in some areas men have been more adversely affected by the transition than women. The paper also contrasts the interpretation of some of the ‘status’ measures relative to their use in the Indian context. In contrast to the old regime under which work outside the household was both a right and a duty, the right to withdraw from the labor force has been emphasized as an important element of women empowerment during the transition. Likewise, it is difficult to interpret the sharp declines in fertility as an unambiguous ‘good’ in a context where access to pre-natal care has declined and fertility is already very low.
Acral Melanoma (Palmar-Plantar Melanoma, Volar-Subungual Melanoma)

Acral melanoma (AM) may be strictly defined as any melanoma arising on glabrous or volar (non-hair-bearing) skin of the soles, palms, and digits and also from the nail apparatus (22,32,34,81–102). Although the latter anatomic domains are indeed unique, the latter definition is difficult to adhere to since glabrous and nonglabrous skin merge imperceptibly; therefore, some proportion of acral melanomas will involve both glabrous and nonglabrous skin; in addition, some authors have included melanomas of the dorsal skin of the hands and feet as AM. Nonetheless, as discussed here, acral melanomas are strictly defined as involving only glabrous skin or the nail apparatus of the distal extremities. 85% of AM involve volar (palms, soles, and digits) surfaces versus 15% arising from the nail apparatus (subungual areas). Among AM, almost 90% occur on the foot with the following distibution: soles, 68–71%; toes, 11%; subungual areas of the feet, 9–10%; palms, 4%–10%; fingers, 2%; and subungual areas of the hands, 5.6–10% (86). In addition to these topographic considerations, patients with AM are generally older (e.g., commonly 60–70 years of age), have particular histopathologic findings, and may have a different biologic basis compared to other melanomas. There seem to be no clear differences in frequency between men and women. Although rare among white populations (range 1–13.5%), AM is the most frequent form of melanoma among Asians (29–46%), Africans (60–70%), and other ethnic groups of color (22,32) (Table 14). However, it should be emphasized that AM has approximately the same incidence in all ethnic groups (92). Reed and co-workers (83,84) first recognized that melanomas involving glabrous skin of the soles may feature a rather characteristic pattern of lentiginous intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation. However, pagetoid and nested intraepidermal patterns of melanocytes are also frequently present (94,101).
Artistic Space in the Prose of Ivan Bunin

Ivan Bunin occupies a unique place in the context of Russian literature. The following article demonstrates the relevance of Juri Lotman’s work on defining semiotic artistic space by examining Bunin’s modeling of the world and his construction of artistic space in his prose works. Special attention is paid to the semiosphere, its central mechanisms, and their realization in several of Bunin’s works, and especially the short story entitled “Horror Story”.