cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes Over Time in the Relationship of Obesity to Education Accumulation

This research examines whether the influence of obesity in late adolescence on education accumulation has changed over time as the rate of obesity has increased substantially over the previous three decades. Previous studies have indicated that obesity has asymmetric consequences between genders on socioeconomic outcomes such as income, wealth, and education. The results in this project allow for consideration of the influence of obesity on education accumulation as the proportion of adolescent peers with weight problems varies substantially. I utilize data from the NLSY79 and the children of women in the NLSY79 to estimate the relationships of interest. I find that obese and overweight females in both generations are less likely to attend college than their peers with BMI levels in the recommended range. As well, obese females are less likely to graduate high school, with a larger effect in the earlier generation when obesity was relatively rare. I do not find any significant relationship between weight status and college attendance or high school graduation for males. Such asymmetric results for human capital investments across genders are consistent with previous evidence that obese women face a wage penalty relative to their non-obese peers, while obese males do not.
Novel Silver Solid-State Bonding Designs Between Two Copper Structures

Both copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) have been studied extensively for electrical conductor applications. To expand the applications, two bonding designs were implemented in this paper. For the first design, a 50- $\mu \text{m}$ Ag layer was annealed at 400 °C to increase Ag grain size, thereby making it more ductile. For the second design, a 5- $\mu \text{m}$ Ag layer with cavities was created to release the thermal induced stress and allow easier plastic deformation for the bonding medium. For both designs, the resulting Cu substrates were bonded to Cu chips by the solid-state bonding process. The cross sections of bonded samples show no visible voids or gaps on Cu/Ag and Ag/Cu interfaces. The breaking forces of ten samples tested far exceed the requirement specified in the military standards MIL-STD-883J Method 2019.9. The successful demonstrations of solid-state bonding between Ag and Cu should open the possibility of bringing alternatives for bonding methods in the field of electronic packaging.
What Can the Clinical Mycology Laboratory Do for Clinicians Today and Tomorrow

In this review, we discuss the old and new tools available to the clinical mycology laboratory, the “growing pains” in their use, and how they impact patient care and aim to recommend what clinical mycology laboratories need to do to succeed in optimizing patient care. Through the years, studies have shown the importance of the radiologic, molecular, and non-molecular methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and their impact on patient outcome. (1) Accurate fungal species identification is essential. (2) Histopathology can be insightful, and the clinical mycology laboratory needs to collaborate with the pathology department for optimization of care. (3) Rapid diagnosis is important and biomarkers need to carefully replace or reduce spiraling antifungal empiricism. (4) Culture techniques need to be carefully integrated with rapid diagnostic methods. (5) IFIs are deadly but a combination of a receptive and progressive mycology laboratory and a small cadre of antifungal agents can save lives. (6) The clinical mycology laboratory needs to be carefully linked to clinical practices, antifungal stewardship, and infection control challenges.
Is the New Political Economy Relevant to Developing Countries

Nicaragua's dollar-equivalent and real interest rates are not unusually high by regional standards. A sustained reduction of interest rates below the regional average may be possible, but would require further major structural reform. The high commercial lending rates Nicaragua is currently experiencing, together with a perceived scarcity of credit, have often been blamed for the country`s slow growth and have been considered a major failing of the adjustment program initiated in 1991. Lachler suggests that such blame is largely misplaced. Current interest rates are indeed higher than historical levels or international benchmark rates (such as LIBOR or the U.S. treasury bill rate), but those are not the appropriate comparators for Nicaragua today. On the other hand, Nicaragua's real interest rates have risen significantly in recent years and currently exceed real rates in other Central American countries. These high real rates are attributable entirely to a real currency depreciation that has been taking place since 1992, and are not greatly different from rates observed in other Latin American countries that underwent similar adjustments. Lachler explains the link between real interest rates and adjustment in Nicaragua and, in that context, explores policy options for reducing interest rates. His main conclusion: A sustained reduction in real interest rates to below those observed in neighboring countries would require further major structural changes, such as the adoption of a foreign currency standard. This paper - a product of the Country Operations Division, Country Department II, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is a self-standing report prepared as a contribution to the Bank's ongoing policy dialogue with Nicaragua on important economic issues facing the country.
Abstract 35: PI3K-mTOR Axis is a Critical Node for Hypothalamic Insulin Receptor Signaling and Sympathetic Activation Induced by Insulin

Insulin action in the hypothalamus produces sympathetic nerve activation with pathological implications in obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular events mediating the sympathetic effec...
Laboratory simulation of capacitance-based layer-by-layer monitoring of three-dimensional printing

Abstract This paper provides a novel method of three-dimensional (3D) printing monitoring. The method is applicable to monitoring the printing of metals and polymers. The effectiveness of the method is shown by laboratory simulation. The method involves two coplanar electrodes that are electrically conductive and positioned on a substrate (build plate), which is substantially electrically non-conductive. The proximate edges of the electrodes are essentially parallel and are separate from one another. The area of the electrodes is substantially smaller than the area of the substrate. An AC current flows between the two electrodes, such that it partly flows in each of the layers in the build. In the monitoring, the capacitance between the two electrodes is measured using an LCR meter at 2.000 kHz. The AC voltage is 1.000 V. In case of metal printing, the demonstration involves aluminum layers (16 μm thick) on an alumina substrate and the two electrodes are preferably electrically connected. The layer-by-layer monitoring is effective for electrode spacing up to 76 mm. The electric field between the two electrodes spreads to the regions beyond the region between the two electrodes, thus enabling the monitoring of printed layers in the region between the electrodes as well as the regions in the vicinity of the electrodes. The technique is effective for following the progress of layer-by-layer printing and for detecting defects in a printed layer.
How do adolescents learn cyber-victimization coping skills? An examination of parent and peer coping socialization

Recently, cyber-victimization has become an ever increasing concern for adolescents. Given the negative consequences of cyber-victimization, it is important to understand how adolescents learn strategies to cope (i.e., "coping socialization") with cyber-victimization. The purpose of this study is to understand common coping strategies reported by adolescents, identify from whom youth learn cyber-victimization coping strategies (coaching), and explore how coaching is associated with adolescents' self-reported use of coping. In a sample of 329 adolescents (49% male; 70% white), we found that positive coping strategies (e.g., problem solving, seeking social support) are used most frequently, and adolescents' perceptions of both parent and peer coping socialization is associated with self-reported use of coping. Interventionists can use this information to adapt interventions to include influential positive socializers.
Integrating Faith and Learning in the Western Civilization Classroom

This essay reflects on the author's efforts to incorporate a distinctly Christian worldview into the design and pedagogy of a two-semester western civilization survey sequence, two courses required...
Browning and Ancient Arabic Poetry

Readers and students of Browning’s horse-riding poetry have linked Through the Metidja to Browning’s own passionate horsemanship. Another possible source of poetic inspiration may have been pre-Islamic Arabic poetry. Sir William Jones, the first translator of Arabic poetry into English, is a possible source for Browning’s fascination with Arabian poetry. Given Browning’s fascination with Walter Savage Landor’s early work, it is also quite possible that he provided Browning a first look into Arabic poetry and prosody. What is certain is that Browning used extensive translations and notes about pre-Islamic poetry provided by the British Arabist Charles Lyall (1845–1920).
Sympathetic Neural Response to Immune Signals Involves Nitric Oxide: Effects of Exposure to Alcohol In Utero

Abstract In response to infection, inflammation, or injury, the neural–immune–endocrine networks are activated to restore or maintain stability in the internal environment. Disruption of any one of the functional components may impair the effectiveness of the immune response to challenges, and may consequently jeopardize the wellness of the host. Studies in the author’s laboratory have shown that the normal activation of splenic sympathetic neurons in response to the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, a tool frequently used to mimic infection or inflammation, does not occur in fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) rats. The sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs is considered an important immune modulator. Thus, the anomalous splenic sympathetic response may partly account for the impaired immunity associated with FAE. Although the underlying mechanism is far from clear, studies described in this report suggest that nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical, is involved in the altered splenic sympathetic neural response to immune signals. The suggestion is supported by the following findings: (1) blockade of NO synthesis prevented the blunted sympathetic response to lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-1 in FAE rats, and (2) there was a further increase in NO formation in response to lipopolysaccharide in the FAE rats compared to their control cohorts. This was demonstrated by an augmented increase in the inducible NO synthase immunoreactivity in the spleen as well as in circulating levels of NO metabolites. It is suggested, therefore, that the altered splenic sympathetic response to immune signals involves excessive formation of NO that may account, at least in part, for the impaired immunity associated with FAE.
Effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen metabolism in the growing bovine: I. Nitrogen recycling and intestinal protein supply in calves.

Eight Angus heifer calves (234 kg) were assigned to either a high (HP; 126 g N/d) or low (LP; 66.5 g N/d) protein intake. Calves received 4.8 kg DM/d consisting of 30% cottonseed hulls and 70% corn-soybean meal in equal portions at 4-h intervals. Single doses of 14C- and 15N-urea and 15N-ammonium sulfate were injected into the blood urea-N (BUN) and ruminal NH3-N (RAN) pools, respectively, to measure rate of flux through, and transfer of N between, these and bacterial N. Nitrogen balance was greater (P less than .05) for HP than for LP (56.9 vs 25.1 g N/d), but abomasal N flow as a percentage of N intake was greater (P less than .05) for LP than for HP (124 vs 71.1%). Pool size and net synthesis rate for both RAN and BUN pools were greater (P less than .05) for HP than for LP. Calves fed HP degraded more (P less than .05) BUN in the gastrointestinal tract than calves fed LP (37.4 vs 14.0 g N/d). Quantities of RAN absorbed from the rumen also were greater (P less than .05) for HP than for LP (14.2 vs 2.8 g N/d). The proportion of total gastrointestinal BUN degradation occurring in the rumen averaged 53 and 26% for LP and HP. Data are interpreted to suggest that net incorporation of BUN into bacterial protein (urea recycling) is inversely related to level of protein intake.
Molecular and Cellular Biology of Abelson Virus Transformation

A tremendous increase in our knowledge of the variety of retroviral transforming genes and their complexity of structure and function has been attained within the last decade. Rapidly transforming, replication-defective retroviruses have gained a prominent position as systems to exploit in the study of the interactions of specific growth control genes and their host cells. A large number of independent isolates of such viruses from diverse vertebrate species (see Coffin et a1.1980) have been documented. The phenomenon of a specific host cell gene being recombined with part of the sequences of a replication-competent retrovirus and, hence, generating a new viral form and function has been demonstrated at the biological and molecular levels for a number of cases.
Diagnostic Meta-Analysis: Case Study in Gastroenterology

Meta-analysis refers to the use of statistical tools to combine and compare the results of multiple studies on particular outcomes on interest. Use of meta-analysis in the medical literature, including the field of gastroenterology, has been increasing. Conducting high-quality meta-analysis can be challenging. Similarly understanding published meta-analyses can be difficult. In this chapter, we will present several case studies on meta-analyses in gastroenterology. We will use these studies to shed light on several key factors in meta-analyses. These factors include the importance of choosing the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, deciding on the best meta-meter of interest, recognizing and dealing with duplicate cohorts, and using direct and indirect comparisons. Our goal is to show how meta-analyses can be great tools for providing evidence-based results that can have a significant impact on clinical practice in the field of gastroenterology.
Thomas Reid and the story of epistemology

Preface 1. Reid's questions 2. The way of ideas: structure and motivation 3. Reid's opening attack: nothing is explained 4. The attack continues: there's not the resemblance 5. Reid's analysis of perception: the standard schema 6. An exception (or two) to Reid's Standard Schema 7. The epistemology of testimony 8. Reid's way with the skeptic 9. Common sense 10. In conclusion: living wisely in the darkness Index.
Working with Adolescent Males: Special Considerations from an Existential Perspective

Counseling and psychotherapy with young males has always posed special challenges to the clinician. Given recent important changes in social conceptions of manhood and masculinity and questions about best practices in mental health care, the existential approach to working with males in their late teens and early adult years provides an alternative modality that responds to both areas of change. The guiding principle of Existential Therapy (ET) is that no matter what the presenting symptoms, the underlying reason for seeking therapy is to confront the ultimate concerns of existence. This is relevant to work with young males for whom such concerns are coming into prominence, often for the first time, with great impact.
Relations Between Activities and Cooperative Playground Interactions for Preschool-Age Children with Special Needs

The playground is a setting wherein teachers, therapists, and early intervention specialists may facilitate the inclusion of children with special needs. For this study, the relations among cooperative interactions of children with and children without special needs in groups of only typically developing peers, in groups of only peers having special needs, and in inclusive groups, as well as the complexity of the activities in which they were engaged were investigated. Complex activities were those involving fine motor skills as well as higher levels of cognitive, social, and language abilities. The associations among child and program level factors and the children's involvement in different cooperative activities also were examined. Findings indicated that children with and children without special needs were likely to engage in cooperative play only with other typically developing children during complex activities (e.g., playing with small toys in the sand or talking). Results also indicated that children with and children without special needs tended to engage in cooperative play in inclusive groups (composed of children with and children without special needs) during less complex or low-demand activities involving predominantly gross motor skills (e.g., sliding or running). Interventions are needed to facilitate involvement of children with special needs in complex activities on the playground. This is an important area for future research and educational practice efforts.
Effects of income inequality on evacuation, reentry and segregation after disasters

Abstract Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.
Standardized Documentation Improves Stroke Guideline Compliance (57)

Objective: To improve institutional compliance with national stroke measures by adopting standardized EHR documentation for use by neurology residents. Background: Primary stroke center programs collect and report 9 inpatient measures developed by the Joint Commission and AHA/ASA. At academic institutions, the large number of neurology residents at varying levels of training presents a challenge in compliance with these measures. Standardizing EHR documentation to address these core measures may help increase compliance by prompting residents to address each measure in a step-by-step fashion. Design/Methods: Standardized EHR documentation templates were created encompassing core measures as outlined by the Joint Commission: VTE prophylaxis, discharge on antithrombotic, discharge on anticoagulation, antithrombotic by hospital day two, discharge on statin, dysphagia screening, stroke education, smoking cessation counseling, and rehabilitation assessment. Data was collected via chart abstraction for 301 inpatient stroke hospitalizations. Results: Standardized documentation resulted in improved compliance with many of the core inpatient measures, with dramatic improvement seen in measures of receiving antithrombotic by hospital day two (average monthly compliance improved from 88.63% to 94.13%), dysphagia screening (72.4% to 84.45%), and stroke education (81.82% to 88.67%). Conclusions: Standardized EHR documentation templates appear to mitigate issues of inconsistency in the management of stroke patients at academic institutions. In this particular case, these improvements contributed toward the institution gaining Comprehensive Stroke Center certification. Improved compliance with core inpatient measures may improve outcomes of patient safety and understanding of stroke and its contributory comorbidities. Further studies may be done to evaluate improved outcomes as a result of improved documentation, as well as evaluating the benefit of other EHR tools. Disclosure: Dr. Etter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dawod has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kafka has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scherer has nothing to disclose.
College Students’ Support for Wealth Redistribution: Evidence From a National Survey

Drawing on national survey data, this article analyzes the relationship between student demographics, political ideology, educational expenses, and group experiences in college and support for weal...
Influence of vitrectomy on the progression of dry age-related macular degeneration.

To demonstrate whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) changes the progression of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by assessing longitudinal changes in drusen volume over follow-up. Dry AMD patients who had undergone unilateral PPV for symptomatic vitreomacular disorders were evaluated for the progression of disease by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features including drusen volume, development of geographic atrophy, or choroidal neovascularization during follow-up. Drusen volume was manually calculated using an image processing software (ImageJ, NIH) on raster SD-OCT scans. Mean change in drusen volume of surgery eyes was compared with values of the fellow eyes of the same subjects (control group). Among 183 eyes with both vitreoretinal disorder and dry AMD, 48 eyes of 24 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included. The mean drusen volume change during a mean of 25.49 ± 23.35 months of follow-up (range: 6.00–86.87 months) was 4.236.899 ± 20.488.913 μm3 in the study eye and 7.796.357 ± 34.798.519 μm3 in the fellow eye (p = 0.297). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly increased from 0.40 ± 0.18 logMAR (≈ 20/50 Snellen equivalent) to 0.32 ± 0.31 (≈ 20/41 Snellen equivalent) after surgery (p = 0.012) in the study group while BCVA remained stable in the control group (0.19 ± 0.34 logMAR [≈ 20/30 Snellen equivalent] at baseline and 0.20 ± 0.31 logMAR [≈ 20/31 Snellen equivalent], p = 0.432). Choroidal neovascularization developed in 1 vitrectomized eye (4.54%) and in 1 eye (4.54%) from the control group during follow-up. Vitrectomy did not seem to worsen dry AMD progression; even more visual acuity may improve despite a slight increase in drusen volume following surgery.
Longer greenup periods associated with greater wood volume growth in managed pine stands

Abstract Increasing forest productivity is important to meet future demand for forest products, and to improve resilience in the face of climate change. Forest productivity depends on many things, but the timing of leaf development (hereafter: “plant phenology”) is especially important. However, our understanding of how plant phenology affects the productivity of managed forests, and how silviculture may in turn affect phenology, has been limited because of the spatial scale mismatch between phenological data and field experimental observations. In this study, we take advantage of a new 30 m satellite land surface phenology dataset and stand growth measurements from long-term experimental pine plantation sites in the southeastern United States to investigate the question: is stand growth related to remotely sensed phenology metrics? Multiple linear regression and random forest models were fitted to quantify the effect of phenology and silvicultural treatments on stand growth. We found that 1) Greater wood volume growth was associated with longer green up periods; 2) Fertilization elevated EVI2 measurement values during the whole growing season, especially in the winter; 3) Competing vegetation could affect remotely sensed observations and complicates interpretation of remotely sensed phenology metrics.
Melt extruded versus extrusion compression molded glass-polypropylene long fiber thermoplastic composites

Abstract Long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) composites are processed either with extrusion compression or fiber injection processes. The properties of LFT materials are highly influenced by processing techniques, which lead to different porosity contents, fiber length distributions, and fiber orientation distributions. It is important to understand the various LFT processing techniques and their effects on mechanical, thermal, and microscopic properties. This work considered LFT sheets processed via extrusion, which offers highly aligned fibers (referred to as “Tecnogor composites”), and LFT composites produced via extrusion compression molding (ECM), which offers a random distribution of fibers. Tecnogor composites exhibited higher flexural strength (35–65%), flexural modulus (132–172%), tensile strength (39–52%), tensile modulus (67–75%), and Izod impact resistance (195–220%) than the random LFT composites. This response was attributed to the aligned fibers in Tecnogor composites. Mathematical models including Halpin-Tsai and Lavengood-Goettler were used to predict and compare the Young’s modulus of Tecnogor and ECM composites, respectively.
Emergency general surgery utilization and disparities during COVID-19: An interrupted time-series analysis

Objective We aimed to compare general surgery emergency (GSE) volume, demographics and disease severity before and during COVID-19. Background Presentations to the emergency department (ED) for GSEs fell during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Barriers to accessing care may be heightened, especially for vulnerable populations, and patients delaying care raises public health concerns. Methods We included adult patients with ED presentations for potential GSEs at a single quaternary-care hospital from January 2018 to August 2020. To compare GSE volumes in total and by subgroup, an interrupted time-series analysis was performed using the March shelter-in-place order as the start of the COVID-19 period. Bivariate analysis was used to compare demographics and disease severity. Results 3255 patients (28/week) presented with potential GSEs before COVID-19, while 546 (23/week) presented during COVID-19. When shelter-in-place started, presentations fell by 8.7/week (31%) from the previous week (p Conclusions GSE volumes and severity fell during the pandemic. Patients presenting during the pandemic were less likely to be elderly, publicly insured and have limited English proficiency, potentially exacerbating underlying health disparities and highlighting the need to improve care access for these patients. Level of evidence III.
Instrumented Gait Analysis to Identify Persistent Deficits in Gait Stability in Adults With Chronic Vestibular Loss.

Importance Regaining the ability to walk safely is a high priority for adults with vestibular loss. Thus, practitioners need comprehensive knowledge of vestibulopathic gait to design, provide, and/or interpret outcomes of interventions. To date, few studies have characterized the effects of vestibular loss on gait. Objectives To investigate the use of an instrumented 2-minute walk test in adults with vestibular loss, to further characterize vestibulopathic gait, and to assess whether those with chronic vestibular loss have enduring gait deficits. Design, setting, and participants This cross-sectional study, conducted between April 3, 2018, and June 27, 2019, recruited adults 20 to 79 years of age from an academic, tertiary, hospital-based, ambulatory care setting who were healthy or had confirmed unilateral or bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Of the 43 adults who were screened from convenience and referred samples, 2 declined, and 7 were excluded because of health conditions. Exposures The main exposure was the instrumented 2-minute walk test, which was conducted with participants using wearable inertial measurement units while they walked a 10-m path at their self-selected speed and turned 180° in their self-selected direction at either end. Main outcomes and measures The primary measures were spatiotemporal gait metrics (eg, stride length [SL] and peak whole-body turning velocity). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess between-group differences. Validity was assessed using the area under the curve from receiver operator characteristic analyses. Results Data from 17 healthy adults (mean [SD] age, 39.27 [11.20] years; 13 [76%] female) and 13 adults with vestibular loss (mean [SD] age, 60.50 [10.81] years; 6 [46%] female) were analyzed. Very large between-group differences were found for SL (left) (estimated marginal mean [SE] for healthy vs vestibular groups, 1.47 [0.04] m vs 1.31 [0.04] m; Cohen d, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.18-2.52), SL (right) (estimated marginal mean [SE] for healthy vs vestibular groups, 1.46 [0.04] m vs 1.29 [0.04] m; Cohen d, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.25-2.62), and peak turn velocity (estimated marginal mean [SE] for healthy vs vestibular groups, 240.17 [12.78]°/s vs 189.74 [14.70]°/s; Cohen d, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.07-2.40). The area under the curve was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.62-0.95) for SL (left), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.64-0.97) for SL (right), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72-0.99) for peak turn velocity. Conclusions and relevance In this cross-sectional study, instrumented gait analysis had good discriminative validity and revealed persistent deficits in gait stability in those with chronic vestibular loss. The findings of this study suggest that these clinically and functionally meaningful deficits could be targets for vestibular rehabilitation.
Sense of Place: Is It More Than a Connection to a Physical Place?

What are preservice teachers’ definition of sense of place and what counts as ‘place’ for them? Do their definitions of place mirror the environmental education (EE) literature that purports a one dimensional, biophysical, rooted sense of place? Or do their definitions reflect the conceptual framework expressed in Education for Sustainability (EfS) that view sense of place as being multidimensional and diverse, built on an array of factors, including socially, culturally, psychologically, biophysically, and politically situated practices? This chapter discusses research conducted to obtain a baseline understanding of how preservice teachers define sense of place. Our research supports a multidimensional model of sense of place, an EfS conceptual framework of place consciousness composed of multiple factors. The focus of this inquiry is to contribute to a theory of place consciousness that can advance practice in environmental education teacher preparation.
Abstract 13051: A Lin28-let-7 Axis Modulates Adaptation of the Myocardium to Ischemia

Background: The RNA binding protein Lin28 and microRNA-let-7 each regulate glucose metabolism, tissue repair and pluripotency; however, their roles in cardiac adaptation to ischemia are unknown. Methods and Results: miR-let-7c was significantly downregulated in myocardium of mice following a 2 hour coronary occlusion, compared to sham-operated controls (0.69 fold, p Conclusion: During ischemic stress, let-7 is post-transcriptionally downregulated in a myocyte-specific manner through the ischemia-mediated induction of its repressor, Lin28. Induction of Lin28 occurs through transcriptional induction as well as post-translational acetylation and stabilization. This Lin28-let-7 axis constitutes a bidirectional feedback loop that directly and indirectly regulates signaling cascades of known importance to myocardial adaption to ischemic stress.
Morphogenesis of poliovirus. I. Association of the viral RNA with coat protein.

Abstract Guanidine rapidly inhibits the movement of newly made RNA into poliovirus virions. In the presence of the drug there is an accumulation of top component, a protein particle lacking RNA. Relief of guanidine inhibition leads to a loss of top component and an appearance of virions suggesting that top component is a precursor of virions. Results of experiments with cells not treated with guanidine are also consistent with such a precursor-product relationship. The stability of top component under numerous conditions suggests that it is not in equilibrium with subunits and that it is thus a true precursor. In light of these results it is proposed that the name procapsid be used for this particle. The final step in virion synthesis, then, is the aggregation of viral RNA with the procapsid. It is known that the procapsid contains one protein which is not found in virions and lacks two virion proteins. Analysis of the proteins made after guanidine reversal suggests that this difference is due to a cleavage of one of the procapsid proteins at the time of addition of viral RNA.
Herpes-Type Virus of the Frog Renal Adenocarcinoma: I. Virus Development in Tumor Transplants Maintained at Low Temperature

Development of the herpes-type virus of the frog kidney tumor was investigated by electron microscopy and high-resolution autoradiography in eyechamber transplants of tumor maintained at 7.5 C for up to 27 weeks. Virus particles were first detected at 10 weeks in nuclei containing aggregates of dense granular material. The initial incorporation of a pulse of (3)H-thymidine into these aggregates indicated that they contained newly synthesized viral deoxyribonucleic acid. Capsids enclosing doubleshelled cores were labeled with (3)H-thymidine before capsids with dense cores, and intermediate core forms were observed, suggesting that the double-shelled core transforms into the dense core. Particles with dense cores were observed while being enveloped by budding through the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope, and subsequently while being unenveloped in passing through the outer membrane into the cytoplasm. Virus particles within the cytoplasm acquired fibrillar coats and budded into vesicles, from which they were released, in enveloped form, at the cell surface. Tubular forms and particles considerably smaller than virus particles were regularly encountered in infected nuclei, and the relationship of these forms to virus replication is discussed.
Thermal Response of Advanced High Temperature Ceramic‐Composite Insulation to a Convectively Heated Environment

The Space Shuttle uses currently fibrous high temperature, reusable surface insulation (HRSI) as a Thermal Protection System (TPS) at 1260 C for normal-design mission operation. Higher density material of a similar type extended the maximum temperature to 1480 C. However, a surface temperature capability exceeding 1540 C is desired for future space vehicles, such as the Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV). A TPS providing such a capability would permit future entry vehicles to enter the atmosphere at a much higher velocity than the Space Shuttle. The present investigation is concerned with arc-jet test data obtained from a family of fibrous refractory-composite insulation (FRCI) materials developed to meet the future TPS requirements. FRCI materials containing between 20 and 80 percent aluminoborosilicate fibers with the balance composed of silica fibers were studied.
Contamination of Discharge Well from Recharge Well

The recovery of waste water by a discharge well from a neighboring recharge well is studied. The wells are situated in a confined aquifer through with there is uniform flow. The local seepage velocity, \iV, which appears in the convective dispersion equation is replaced by the uniform flow velocity \iu/Θ. Furthermore, the longitudinal dispersion term is neglected. A closed form solution is obtained for the discharge well concentration as a function of position (relative to the recharge well), pumping rate of both wells, and lateral dispersion.
Determinants of low birth weight among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania.

Low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of infant death but little is known about its causes among HIV-infected populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed sociodemographic nutritional immunologic parasitic and infant risk factors for birth weight LBW and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status in a cohort of 822 HIV-positive women enrolled in a clinical trial of vitamin supplementation and pregnancy outcomes in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Women were enrolled at prenatal care clinics during their second trimester at which time blood stool urine and genital specimens were collected and anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic data were recorded. Birth weight was measured at hospital delivery. The mean (± SD) birth weight was 3015 ± 508 g 11.1% of newborns weighed < 2500 g (LBW) and 11.5% were SGA. In multivariate analyses maternal weight at enrollment and a low CD8 cell count were inversely associated with LBW. Advanced stage HIV disease previous history of preterm birth Plasmodium falciparum malaria and any helmintic infection were associated with higher risk of LBW. The intestinal parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis were predictors of LBW despite their low prevalence in the cohort. In a multivariate-adjusted linear regression model BMI midupper arm circumference a CD4 cell count < 200 x 10/6 cells/L (200 cells/mm3) primiparity maternal literacy and infant HIV infection at birth were significantly associated with birth weight in addition to risk factors included in the LBW model. Determinants of SGA included maternal weight low serum vitamin E concentration candidiasis malaria and infant HIV infection at birth. Prevention of HIV disease progression and vertical transmission improved nutritional status and better management of malaria and intestinal parasitic infections are likely to reduce the incidence of LBW in Tanzania. (authors)
Gait analysis of diabetic foot

A 3-D Foot Print Device has been used to measure the plantar foot pressures for normal subjects and diabetic patients with neurotrophic ulcers. The results confirm that patients with peripheral neuropathy develop over 40% higher forefoot pressures when compared with normal subjects.
Influence of Baseline Serum Testosterone on Changes in Body Composition in Response to Testosterone Therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction The prognostic value of serum total testosterone (TT) prior to treatment has not been investigated. Aim This study was performed to determine how baseline TT influences changes in body composition in men undergoing testosterone therapy (TTh). Main Outcome Measures Response to TTh in a clinical population of men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency (TD). Methods Retrospective case series of 58 men with TD were treated with TTh. All were naive to previous TTh. Men were stratified into two groups: group 1 (N = 38) consisted of men with baseline TT > 300 ng/dL (10.4 nmol/L) and group 2 (N = 20) consisted of men with total TT Results At baseline, both groups had similar lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), but percentage of trunk FM and percentage of total FM were significantly higher in group 2. Both groups demonstrated similar increases in LM for arms, legs, and total body. Percentage of total FM significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions. Baseline severity of symptomatic TD influences body composition. Similar changes in LM and FM were seen with TTh regardless of baseline severity in TD. Men with TT > 300 ng/dL demonstrated significant positive changes in body composition. The similarity in objective response to TTh in these two groups provides support for the value of FT in the assessment of men with symptoms suggestive of TD. Di Sante S, Conners WP, and Morgentaler A. Influence of baseline serum testosterone on changes in body composition in response to testosterone therapy. J Sex Med 2012;9:585–593.
SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS APPROACHES TO MORALITY: AN ALTERNATIVE TO MUTUAL ANATHEMAS

Many people today believe that scientific and religious approaches to morality are mutually incompatible. Militant secularists claim scientific backing for their claim that the evolution of morality discredits religious conceptions of ethics. Some of their opponents respond with unhelpful apologetics based on fundamentalist views of revelation. This article attempts to provide an alternative option. It argues that public discussion has been excessively influenced by polemics generated by the new atheists. Religious writers have too often resorted to overly simplistic arguments rooted in literalist approaches to the Bible and the religious traditions. More historically conscious methods can avoid implausible claims about both religion and science.
On the nonassociative nature of working memory

Abstract Rats were trained in an eight-arm radial maze in two experiments. A “fixed set” of four arms, randomly selected and sequenced, was assigned to each rat. The fixed set was always presented in the same order. Each training trial began with rewarded forced choices of the four arms in the fixed set. The trial concluded with a free-choice test among all eight arms after a delay of about 40 min; choices of the four arms not in the fixed set were rewarded. The degree to which the identities and order of the arms in the fixed set had been learned was assessed in a reversal test. The four arms that were not in the fixed set were presented at the beginning of the reversal test trial; after the usual delay a free-choice test was given, but choices of arms in the fixed set were rewarded. In both experiments, the rats showed no negative transfer in the reversal test. Moreover, sequences of postdelay choices during training varied across days, and the sequence of choices during the reversal test did not match the sequence of arms in the fixed set. The rats therefore learned little if anything about the identities and the order of arms in the fixed set in spite of the consistencies between trials and the maintenance of the fixed set in memory for 40 min within trials. The finding is congruent with the view of working memory as nonassociative.
The PROMPT suite: interactive tools for ontology merging and mapping

Researchers in the ontology-design field have developed the content for ontologies in many domain areas. This distributed nature of ontology development has led to a large number of ontologies covering overlapping domains. In order for these ontologies to be reused, they first need to be merged or aligned to one another. We developed a suite of tools for managing multiple ontologies. These suite provides users with a uniform framework for comparing, aligning, and merging ontologies, maintaining versions, translating between different formalisms. Two of the tools in the suite support semi-automatic ontology merging: IPROMPT is an interactive ontology-merging tool that guides the user through the merging process, presenting him with suggestions for next steps and identifying inconsistencies and potential problems. ANCHORPROMPT uses a graph structure of ontologies to find correlation between concepts and to provide additional information for IPROMPT.
Benzene coadsorbed with CO on Pd(111) and Rh(111): detailed molecular distortions and induced substrate relaxations

Two coadsorbed benzene/CO structures on Pd(111) and Rh(111) have been reanalyzed by automated tensor LEED. This computation permits the simultaneous optimization of many more atomic coordinates than before. The results show significant admolecule-induced substrate relaxations, the benzene causing an outward buckling and the CO causing a smaller inward buckling in the topmost metal layer. This analysis also confirms, on Rh(111), the likely presence of Kekule distortions in the benzene carbon ring (i.e. alternating long and short CC bond lengths around the ring), with a sizable C-ring expansion. Together with improved scattering potentials, the R-factors are reduced by 44% and 28%, respectively. The clean surface structures were also re-examined in terms of multilayer relaxations, yielding a slight contraction of the topmost RhRh interlayer spacing, but a slight expansion for Pd.
Using data transformations for low-latency time series analysis

Time series analysis is commonly used when monitoring data centers, networks, weather, and even human patients. In most cases, the raw time series data is massive, from millions to billions of data points, and yet interactive analyses require low (e.g., sub-second) latency. Aperture transforms raw time series data, during ingest, into compact summarized representations that it can use to efficiently answer queries at runtime. Aperture handles a range of complex queries, from correlating hundreds of lengthy time series to predicting anomalies in the data. Aperture achieves much of its high performance by executing queries on data summaries, while providing a bound on the information lost when transforming data. By doing so, Aperture can reduce query latency as well as the data that needs to be stored and analyzed to answer a query. Our experiments on real data show that Aperture can provide one to four orders of magnitude lower query response time, while incurring only 10% ingest time overhead and less than 20% error in accuracy.
Characterisation of an optoelectronically pulsed broadband microwave antenna

Exponentially tapered coplanar stripline antennas are characterised for the generation of broadband transient radiation with excitations from picosecond photoconductors. The measured radiation spectrum extends up to 150 GHz. The dependence of the antenna bandwidth on its geometry is investigated.
Small intestine glutaminase deficiency in celiac disease.

Human small intestine contains glutaminase I, an enzyme responsible for the deamination of glutamine. Glutaminase activity was assayed in the jejunal mucosa of patients with celiac disease and of control subjects. Enzymatic activity was markedly diminished in the jejunal biopsy specimens from these patients at the time the diagnosis of celiac disease was made, compared with glutaminase I levels from control subjects. With successful treatment on a gluten-free diet, small-intestinal glutaminase I values returned toward normal as the biopsy specimens improved histologically. Patients with celiac disease who continued to have some symptoms had biopsy evidence of moderately severe mucosal damage, and they maintained low enzyme levels. The patients with abnormal biopsies due to other small-bowel diseases also had diminished glutaminase I activity. This study suggests that patients with untreated celiac disease have a secondary deficency of this enzyme.
Acute renal failure in association with severe hyperemesis gravidarum.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe hyperemesis gravidarum is a rare but potentially devastating complication of pregnancy. Among its many potential complications are dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, Wernicke encephalopathy, and compromised renal function. CASE: We report the case of a 21-year-old woman at 15 weeks’ gestation presenting to the emergency department with severe hyperemesis gravidarum associated with acute renal failure. Her initial serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were 10.7 mg/dL and 171 mg/dL, respectively. The patient underwent daily hemodialysis for 5 days with subsequent return of renal function to normal. CONCLUSION: Women with severe hyperemesis gravidarum may be at risk for acute renal failure caused by severe intravascular volume depletion.
Remembrance: Making Player Character's Inner World Playable

Remembrance is an experimental puzzle platformer game we developed to explore new ways to make the character's inner world (e.g., memories, emotions, and imagination) playable. In this game, we used the landscape as a metaphor of the player character's inner world and gave the player the ability to transform the landscape through a core mechanic we call terraforming.