cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of organically acceptable insecticides as stand-alone treatments and in rotation for managing yellowmargined leaf beetle, Microtheca ochroloma (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in organic crucifer production.

BACKGROUND: Yellowmargined leaf beetle, Microtheca ochroloma, is the most damaging pest of organic crucifer crops in the southern United States. Experiments were conducted over four growing seasons (2007–2010) in Alabama to evaluate some botanical and microbial insecticides approved by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) against M. ochroloma in organically grown crucifer crops. Insecticides evaluated included PyGanic® (pyrethrum), Aza-Direct® (azadiractin), Entrust® (spinosad), Mycotrol O® (Beauveria bassiana strain GHA) and NOFLY® [Isaria ( = Paecilomyces) fumosoroseus strain FE 9901]. Two experimental organic formulations, Tick-Ex (Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52) and MBI-203 (Chromobacterium subtsugae), and one non-OMRI-listed formulation, Novodor® (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis), were also evaluated. The insecticides were applied as stand-alone treatments at recommended field rates on a weekly schedule. In 2010, some of the treatments were also evaluated in rotation/alternation with Entrust®. Insecticide efficacy was determined by comparing densities of M. ochroloma larvae and adults and crop damage ratings in treated versus untreated turnip plots. RESULTS: Entrust® consistently performed well in suppressing M. ochroloma adults, larvae and crop damage. PyGanic® was the second best treatment. PyGanic® or NOFLY™ can be applied in rotation with Entrust® for effective management of M. ochroloma. CONCLUSION: Entrust® applied weekly or in alternation with PyGanic® or NOFLY™ provided acceptable control of M. ochroloma in organic crucifer production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement in Provider Immunization Knowledge and Behaviors Following a Peer Education Intervention

Provider education programs that use academic detailing to improve childhood immunization have been implemented in several states. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these types of programs to improve immunization-related behaviors in private provider offices. The intervention included peer-based academic detailing in which teams of 1 physician, 1 nurse, and 1 office manager visited pediatric and family practices to deliver an educational presentation and develop practice-specific action plans. Comparison of pre—post intervention surveys showed that providers' willingness to give the maximum number of immunizations due at 1 visit (P < .001) increased. More providers reported routinely screening immunization records at sickness or injury visits (P < .05) and using minimum intervals (P < .001) postintervention. Mean change in baseline and postintervention overall scores was significant for pediatric practices (0.40, P < .05), small practices (0.64, P < .01), Vaccines for Children (VFC) ...
A 3 V-CMOS low distortion class AB line driver suitable for HDSL applications

A fully differential CMOS line driver for use in high bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) services Is presented. The circuit is fabricated in a single-poly quad metal 0.35-/spl mu/m process and achieves <-70-dB total harmonic distortion while driving up to /spl plusmn/2.4-V, 200-kHz signals into 30 /spl Omega/ with a 3-V supply. The circuit features a closed loop gain of 6.0 with minimal input capacitance (<200 fF). The circuit requires less than 20 mA of quiescent current and is capable of delivering dynamic currents as large as 180 mA. The circuit is a multistage amplifier utilizing nested-Miller compensation and an enhanced class AB output stage.
Apparent-Thermal- Conductivity Characterization of Low-Density, Glass-Fiber Insulation Material

This paper describes the procedure, results, and error analysis from a study which characterizes a product lot of low-density, glass-fiber insulation material in terms of apparent thermal conductivity. The uncertainty of the measured values for each of the 75 specimens is estimated to be ± 1.4 percent. The data were taken at a mean temperature of 24°C (75°F), and the specimen thickness was 25.4 mm (1 in.). It is recommended that this lot be made available for distribution as a Standard Reference Material from the Office of Standard Reference Materials of the National Bureau of Standards.
Calcium and phosphate solubility in neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions containing TrophAmine.

Significant amounts of calcium and phosphate are required in neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) regimens to ensure adequate supplementation and prevention of metabolic bone disease. Current clinical recommendations for calcium and phosphate requirements in neonatal PN cannot be achieved with traditional amino acid formulations. The solubility curves of these amion acids do not allow the appropriate doses of calcicum and phosphate to be achieved, therefore placing the neonate at risk of receiving a precipitated infusion. Fitzgerald and MacKay investigated the calcium and phosphate solubility of TrophAmine, an amino acid injection developed for neonatal PN. The results of their findings allow higher concentrations of calcium and phosphate to be added to each pediatric PH regimen while maintaing solubility, therefore safely allowing higher concentrations of calcium and phosphate to be added to each prediatric PN regimen. The pivotal nature of Fitzgerald and MacKay’s paper changed how practitioners address ca...
Collecting and Harnessing Rich Session Histories

To be most useful, evaluation requires detailed observation and effective analysis of a full spectrum of system use. We have developed an approach and architecture for in-depth data collection and analysis of all use of a visualization system. User interface components in a large visualization and analysis platform automatically record user actions, and can restore previous system states on demand. Audio and text annotations are collected and indexed to states, allowing users to find a comment and restore the system state in which they made it; then explore actions before and after. History is visible as data; so a variety of visual displays and analysis techniques may be used to develop insights about the users experience. States of any part of the interface may be analyzed separately. Actions are categorized in a taxonomy as the user interface is built, allowing comparison of similar patterns in all tools. History data can co-exist with other data during data exploration, supporting further individual or group data exploration.
The federal government and academic texts as barriers to informed consent.

Informed patient consent for medical treatment is required by both law and medical ethics. Yet, both federal agencies and academicians are participating in the suppression of information about the heightened risk of breast cancer posed by oral contraceptives and induced abortion. There is historical precedent in the long-delayed acknowledgment of the smoking/lung cancer link. By law, a patient has the right to be fully informed of the nature of her medical condition and any proposed course of therapy. It is assumed that a patient will be given the complete and true scientific basis of her diagnosis and treatment, to ensure that her well-being and her autonomy in decision-making are protected. Informed consent is the process by which a patient can participate in choices about medical treatment. It originates from the legal and ethical right of the patient to direct what is done to her body, and from the ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in her medical care. Our federal government has become a barrier to informed consent concerning oral contraceptive drugs and induced abortion. Both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National
Differential developmental expression and cell type specificity of Dictyostelium catalases and their response to oxidative stress and UV-light.

Cells of Dictyostelium discoideum are highly resistant to DNA damaging agents such as UV-light, Q-radiation and chemicals. The genes encoding nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) enzymes are rapidly upregulated in response to UV-irradiation and DNA-damaging chemicals, suggesting that this is at least partially responsible for the resistance of this organism to these agents. Although Dictyostelium is also unusually resistant to high concentrations of H2O2, little is known about the response of this organism to oxidative stress. To determine if transcriptional upregulation is a common mechanism for responding to DNA-damaging agents, we have studied the Dictyostelium catalase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes. We show that there are two catalase genes and that each is differentially regulated both temporally and spatially during multicellular development. The catA gene is expressed throughout growth and development and its corresponding enzyme is maintained at a steady level. In contrast, the catB gene encodes a larger protein and is only expressed during the final stages of morphogenesis. Cell type fractionation showed that the CatB enzyme is exclusively localized to the prespore cells and the CatA enzyme is found exclusively in the prestalk cells. Each enzyme has a different subcellular localization. The unique developmental timing and cell type distribution suggest that the role for catB in cell differentiation is to protect the dormant spores from oxidative damage. We found that exposure to H2O2 does not result in the induction of the catalase, superoxide dismutase, NER or BER mRNAs. A mutant with greatly reduced levels of catA mRNA and enzyme has greatly increased sensitivity to H2O2 but normal sensitivity to UV. These results indicate that the natural resistance to oxidative stress is not due to an ability to rapidly raise the level of antioxidant or DNA repair enzymes and that the response to UV-light is independent from the response to reactive oxygen compounds. fl 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A History of Indonesian Telecommunication Reform 1999-2006

This study examines the effect of Indonesia's telecommunications policy on Internet access and the digital divide. The study finds that current government policy had minimal impact on Internet access. Policies of privatization and depoliticization should be fully adopted alongside the current policy of liberalization. These policies could lessen government intervention in both regulation and in corporate telecom ownership, and create a more stable, competitive telecom sector. The Telecommunications Act of 1999 signaled a new effort by the government to attend to telecom market reforms, but continuous political wrangling hindered reform implementation. While ethnic clashes and political instability hold Indonesia on the brink of a crisis, further reform policies could encourage the country to move forward. A conceptual framework exemplifies a triangular relationship between the government, service providers, and users. Data used in the study are based on government statistics, company-published information, the world telecommunications indicators database, and secondary sources
Material Traces: Performativity, Artistic “Work,” and New Concepts of Agency

A new genre of hybrid artworks involving elements of performance, conceptualism, sculpture, and installation practices evokes complex art experiences that are performative yet exist in various material forms — including, implicitly or explicitly, that of the artist’s laboring body. These works call for new ways of engaging that do not dwell on final objects or celebrate “authentic” presence but understand the relational tensions and seductions between human and nonhuman.
SITE OCCUPANCY, APPARENT SURVIVAL, AND REPRODUCTION OF CALIFORNIA SPOTTED OWLS IN RELATION TO FOREST STAND CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract The California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) has been at the center of political and administrative debate due to its association with commercially valuable forest. Several studies have compared the forest cover types used by California spotted owls with the cover types that are generally available, establishing the association between spotted owls and old/large tree components of forests at the landscape scale. We sought a deeper understanding of spotted owl habitat associations in areas in which owls had already selected territories. We mapped and classified vegetation within circular plots (radius 2.4 km) around 67 spotted owl sites in northeastern California, USA. We evaluated the relationships between habitat composition within the different owl sites and variation in (1) nest success (1990–2000) and (2) site occupancy, apparent survival probability, and reproductive output (1993–1998). All analyses included data representing 2 spatial scales: core area (814 ha) and nest area...
Management of Spinal Meningiomas

Spinal meningiomas are the most common spinal tumors encountered in adults, and account for 6.5% of all craniospinal tumors. The treatment for these lesions is primarily surgical, but emerging modalities may include chemotherapy and radiosurgery. In this article, the current management of spinal meningiomas and the body of literature surrounding conventional treatment is reviewed and discussed.
Bilingualism and Bilingual Education: A Review of Development Abroad

Bilingual education consists of a complex system,which is determined by a wide range of both microcosmic and macroscopic factors including individual students' cognitive and learning capacities,family background,teachers' teaching methods,classroom interactions,government and school policies,and the overall societal environment.The findings from recent second language acquisition research and experiences from different countries suggest that,in order for bilingual education to succeed,curriculums need to be adaptive to local situations,the teaching has to be student-centered,individual students,parents and teachers are to be engaged in a bottom-up dynamics,and focuses not only on form and meaning,but also on language use.
Calculation of Pollution Flashover Voltage of Insulators for 35～1000 kV Transmission Lines

A calculated model for pollution flashover voltage of AC normal insulators is established.First,a flat plate model is suggested for suspension ac normal insulators.According to analyzing the ac pollution flashover condition,the critical arc length and the resistance of residual contamination layer in the insulator pollution flashover progress were calculated based on this model.Then the critical flashover voltage of insulators can be figured out in different contamination layer conductance.The 50% flashover voltage of five types of insulators can be obtained from artificial contamination test.By comparing the calculated value and the test value,the contamination layer conductance can be transformed to equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD),and the pollution flashover voltage in different ESDD can be figured out.For an ac normal insulator,if the main configuration parameters and the ESDD on the surface are known,the critical pollution flashover voltage can be figured out.In the end,the artificial contamination tests have validated the reliability of the calculation model.The work result can be used for the external insulation selection of power transmission line.
"Dose-Response" Relation between Physical Activity and Obesity Risk in Youth

Objective: it is to describe the dose-response relation between moderate-to-strong physical activity(MVPA) and obesity risk in youth.It can help to understand the optimal amounts of physical activity needed to reduce the risk of obesity in youth.Methods: Height,weight,and dietary supplements were measured among American youth.Physical Education(PA) was measured using Actigraph accelerometers over 7 days.Fractional polynomial regression modeling was used to fit the dose-response curves between MVPA and obesity risk in youth.Results: The likelihood of obesity decreased in a curvilinear manner with increasing minutes of MVPA.At 15,30,35 and 60 min/d of MVPA the risk ratios for obesity were 0.46,0.20,0.13,and 0.10,respectively,in comparison to 1 minute of MVPA.Conclusion: A modest dose-response relation was observed between MVPA and obesity in youth.
Zoospore Germination in Blastocladiella Emersonii : III. Structural Changes In Relation To Protein And RNA Synthesis

1. Zoospores germinate rapidly and semi-synchronously upon exposure to growth medium or an inorganic salts solution. Amino acid incorporation into protein is detected only after a characteristic lag period, the extent of which is a function of developmental, rather than absolute, time. 2. The ‘turn-on’ of amino acid incorporation occurs after several of the morphological events of germination have taken place - notably, retraction of the flagellum, conversion to a spheroid cell morphology, vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane, formation of the initial cell wall, and elongation of the single mitochondrion. A second group of morphological changes - release of ribosomes from the nuclear cap into the cytoplasm, appearance of multiple mitochondrial profiles, disappearance of the flagellar axoneme, and disappearance of gamma particles - takes place in the cell population during the turn-on of incorporation. 3. Cycloheximide reversibly inhibits germination at a characteristic block point. Inhibited cells accomplish all the known morphological events of germination except the disappearance of the flagellar axoneme and the formation of the germ tube. Amino acid incorporation is inhibited to undetectable levels in growth medium and by about 80% in the inorganic salts medium. Nevertheless, the population kinetics for the morphological changes which occur in cycloheximide-inhibited cells are indistinguishable from those in untreated cells. Cycloheximide effectively enters cells prior to the characteristic block point, since the drug drastically inhibits the low level of amino acid incorporation by zoospores. 4. ‘Pools’ extractable by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) have been examined; the results do not support the possibility of extensive early protein synthesis from endogenous sources. 5. Actinomycin D, at levels which inhibit [3H]uridine incorporation into TCA-precipitable material (nucleic acid) by over 98%, does not affect the population kinetics of germination. The drug does not affect the lag period for amino acid incorporation. The rate of amino acid incorporation (pulse labelling) fluctuates predictably during germination. Actinomycin D only partially inhibits the first ‘round’ of incorporation, but severely inhibits the second. From this information, we conclude that: (a) the proteins necessary for most of the structural events of germination are preformed in the zoospore; (b) therefore, these events are controlled directly by mechanisms other than differential protein synthesis; (c) two of the known events - disappearance of the flagellar axoneme and formation of the germ tube - do appear to have a requirement for concomitant protein synthesis; (d) germination does not require de novo RNA synthesis; and (e) certain of the first proteins made during germination are evidently synthesized with preformed messages.
The five-one reconstruction for anteromedial instability of the knee. Indications, technique, and the results in fifty-two patients.

Fifty-two consecutive athletic individuals who were not able to perform the sport of their choosing, despite previous surgical treatment in thirty-seven, intensive rehabilitation of all fifty-two, and use of a derotation brace by thirty-five, were treated by the Five-One operation. Half of the patients resumed playing their sport brace-free, while one-third returned to their sport wearing the brace. There were nine (17 per cent) failures. Previous operations, infections, a loose somatotype, and failure to restore muscle power postoperatively were associated with failure.
Oligomeric beta(beta)(alpha) miniprotein motifs: pivotal role of single hinge residue in determining the oligomeric state.

The role of a single glycine hinge residue in the structure of BBAT1, a ββα peptide that forms a discrete homotrimeric structure in solution, was evaluated with 11 new peptide sequences which diffe...
Xenotransplantation--federal regulatory considerations.

Xenotransplantation may offer benefits to individual patients,but may also pose significant risks, to the recipient and to the public atlarge. The United States Food and Drug Administration endeavors to meet the challenge of regulating xenotransplantation to allow its development while safeguarding the public health. The approach includes using the existing FDA regulatory framework, publishing xenotransplantation-specific guidance documents, obtaining public input, and collaborating with other public health agencies and international bodies in order to develop and maintain a safe and rational program for the regulation of xenotransplantation.
An Atypical Splenic B Cell Progenitor Population Supports Antibody Production during Plasmodium Infection in Mice

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function to replenish the immune cell repertoire under steady-state conditions and in response to inflammation due to infection or stress. Whereas the bone marrow serves as the primary niche for hematopoiesis, extramedullary mobilization and differentiation of HSPCs occur in the spleen during acute Plasmodium infection, a critical step in the host immune response. In this study, we identified an atypical HSPC population in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice, with a lineage(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(-) (LSK(-)) phenotype that proliferates in response to infection with nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii 17X. Infection-derived LSK(-) cells upon transfer into naive congenic mice were found to differentiate predominantly into mature follicular B cells. However, when transferred into infection-matched hosts, infection-derived LSK(-) cells gave rise to B cells capable of entering into a germinal center reaction, and they developed into memory B cells and Ab-secreting cells that were capable of producing parasite-specific Abs. Differentiation of LSK(-) cells into B cells in vitro was enhanced in the presence of parasitized RBC lysate, suggesting that LSK(-) cells expand and differentiate in direct response to the parasite. However, the ability of LSK(-) cells to differentiate into B cells was not dependent on MyD88, as myd88(-/-) LSK(-) cell expansion and differentiation remained unaffected after Plasmodium infection. Collectively, these data identify a population of atypical lymphoid progenitors that differentiate into B lymphocytes in the spleen and are capable of contributing to the ongoing humoral immune response against Plasmodium infection.
Mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 as a therapeutic target in Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease that involves mitochondrial dysfunction. The lack of disease-modifying medications to stop neurodegeneration in PD highlights the need to identify new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial chaperone of the Hsp90 family that was identified in our proteomic screen as a substrate for PD-linked kinase PINK1. By using subcellular fractionation and dual-color 3D-SIM super-resolution imaging analyses, we have shown that TRAP1 primarily resides in the cristae membrane and intracristae space of mitochondria; and our results support a critical role of TRAP1 in these submitochondrial compartments to regulate protein folding and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Furthermore, our studies reveal that TRAP1 colocalizes with PINK1 in mitochondrial cristae membrane and intracristae space and functions downstream of PINK1 in cytoprotection against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Our findings are further supported by recent Drosophila genetic studies showing that overexpression of TRAP1 is able to ameliorate mitochondrial and motor behavioral defects in PINK1-deficient flies and to restore mitochondrial function in flies with impaired mitochondrial complex I. Together, these results indicate that TRAP1 is a viable target for development of new therapeutics to treat PD and other mitochondrial diseases.
On radicalizing behaviorism: A call for cultural analysis.

Our culture at large continues many practices that work against the well-being of its members and its chances for survival. Our discipline has failed to realize its potential for contributing to the understanding of these practices and to the generation of solutions. This failure of realization is in part a consequence of the general failure of behavior analysts to view social and cultural analysis as a fundamental component of radical behaviorism. This omission is related to three prevailing practices of our discipline. First, radical behaviorism is characteristically defined as a “philosophy of science,” and its concerns are ordinarily restricted to certain epistemological issues. Second, theoretical extensions to social and cultural phenomena too often depend solely upon principles derived from the analysis of behavior. Third, little attention has been directed at examining the relationships that do, or that should, exist between our discipline and related sciences. These practices themselves are attributed to certain features of the history of our field. Two general remedies for this situation are suggested: first, that radical behaviorism be treated as a comprehensive world view in which epistemological, psychological, and cultural analyses constitute interdependent components; second, that principles derived from compatible social-science disciplines be incorporated into radical behaviorism.
Laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with ion mobility separation reveals metabolites in the symbiotic interactions of soybean roots and rhizobia.

Summary Technologies enabling in situ metabolic profiling of living plant systems are invaluable for understanding physiological processes and could be used for rapid phenotypic screening (e.g., to produce plants with superior biological nitrogen-fixing ability). The symbiotic interaction between legumes and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria results in a specialized plant organ (i.e., root nodule) where the exchange of nutrients between host and endosymbiont occurs. Laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) is a method that can be performed under ambient conditions requiring minimal sample preparation. Here, we employed LAESI-MS to explore the well characterized symbiosis between soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and its compatible symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The utilization of ion mobility separation (IMS) improved the molecular coverage, selectivity, and identification of the detected biomolecules. Specifically, incorporation of IMS resulted in an increase of 153 differentially abundant spectral features in the nodule samples. The data presented demonstrate the advantages of using LAESI–IMS–MS for the rapid analysis of intact root nodules, uninfected root segments, and free-living rhizobia. Untargeted pathway analysis revealed several metabolic processes within the nodule (e.g., zeatin, riboflavin, and purine synthesis). Compounds specific to the uninfected root and bacteria were also detected. Lastly, we performed depth profiling of intact nodules to reveal the location of metabolites to the cortex and inside the infected region, and lateral profiling of sectioned nodules confirmed these molecular distributions. Our results established the feasibility of LAESI–IMS–MS for the analysis and spatial mapping of plant tissues, with its specific demonstration to improve our understanding of the soybean-rhizobial symbiosis.
Tools for Teacher Noticing: Helping Preservice Teachers Notice and Analyze Student Thinking and Scientific Practice Use

ABSTRACTThis study explores the potential of a set of Tools for Teacher Noticing in helping novice teachers learn to notice and reason about features of ambitious science teaching. A total of 53 novice teachers in an elementary science methods course were taught to use 4 tools to enact and reflect on reform-oriented science teaching. In 159 written reflections on 3 teaching rehearsals novices identified and justified areas for improvement. Findings indicated that 81% of novices noticed areas for improvement in their attempts at ambitious practice related to 2 important features of instruction: student science content learning and use of scientific practices; novices also cited concerns related to the goals of integrated science instruction. A total of 19% of novices focused on general pedagogy moves. In this category, novices attended to aspects of instruction such as reviewing safety rules and managing student interest and attention. These findings suggest that the tool-supported rehearsals may provide n...
A Wireless Powered EV battery charger for sinusoidal current charging technique with maximum efficiency control

This paper reports on implementation of sinusoidal battery charging technique for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) with maximum efficiency control algorithm. In sinusoidal current charging technique, the battery current varies continuously depending on charging frequency and current. Therefore, to improve the overall efficiency of the system, load impedance has to be matched with source impedance continuously depending on charging current frequency. In this paper, an algorithm is presented to maximize the efficiency of the system. For concept A, algorithm varies both frequency and phase shift of the inverter output voltage to minimize input power, whereas output power is kept constant by a dc-dc converter. For concept B, the battery current is controlled by switching frequency, and the algorithm optimizes the phase shift of inverter to improve efficiency. To verify the proposed system, a brief mathematical analysis is provided. Further, a laboratory prototype of a 600W power rating is developed, and results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the concept.
Linking Hydraulic Properties In Supercritical Submarine Distributary Channels To Depositional-Lobe Geometry

Abstract: This study investigates the connection between hydraulic and sediment transport processes and channel and lobe geometry in supercritical submarine fans. The geometry of lobate deposits is typically explored as an interrelationship between different geometric measures, e.g., length versus width or thickness versus area, or based on confinement. However, the applicability of these relationships can be unclear due to their multi-scale nature and a lack of understanding of what processes control fan organization at different scales. Here we use a set of laboratory experiments and high-resolution seismic data from the Golo fan to distinguish three different hierarchical scales of nested lobate bodies with different characteristics and stacking (i.e., lobe element, lobe, and lobe complex) and compare characteristics of these mesoscale elements to equations describing 1D hydraulics along supercritical distributary channels. In particular, we are interested in defining the synoptic process and element in steep bedload-dominated supercritical fans that can most accurately be described as a function of hydraulic variables in the distributary channels. Based on the importance of hydraulic jumps in lobe-element formation in the experiments, we propose that the densimetric Froude number of the distributary channel exerts control on the geometry of the lobe element deposits associated with an individual avulsion cycle. Specifically, we hypothesize that higher Froude numbers will lead to lobate deposits that have larger ratios of lobe-element thickness to channel depth compared to those produced at lower Froude numbers. Both the laboratory and field data support this hypothesis. However, the conclusions are dependent on the correct hierarchical linkage between elements in the field and in experiments. In the analysis, the maximum lobe-element thickness was found to be well approximated by the sequent depth of the supercritical flow in the distributary channel. Therefore, this approximation yields a prediction of the lobe-element thickness based only on the hydraulic properties of the distributary channel without the need for any calibration or regression coefficients in the prediction.
Segmenting craft beer drinkers: An analysis of motivations, willingness to pay, and repeat patronage intentions

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the specific motivations of U.S. craft beer drinkers to visit a microbrewery taproom, the current study utilized a two-step data collection process along with a two-step cluster analysis. The current study shows that U.S. craft beer drinkers can be broken into two segments in terms of involvement and variety seeking: high involvement-variety seeking and low involvement-variety seeking. Furthermore, these two segments differ significantly regarding their motivations to visit a microbrewery taproom and their willingness to pay for craft beer at a microbrewery taproom compared to other locations. Implications for practice and academics are discussed in detail.
The dynamic influence of human resources on evidence-based intervention sustainability and population outcomes: an agent-based modeling approach

Sustaining evidence-based interventions (EBIs) is an ongoing challenge for dissemination and implementation science in public health and social services. Characterizing the relationship among human resource capacity within an agency and subsequent population outcomes is an important step to improving our understanding of how EBIs are sustained. Although human resource capacity and population outcomes are theoretically related, examining them over time within real-world experiments is difficult. Simulation approaches, especially agent-based models, offer advantages that complement existing methods. We used an agent-based model to examine the relationships among human resources, EBI delivery, and population outcomes by simulating provision of an EBI through a hypothetical agency and its staff. We used data from existing studies examining a widely implemented HIV prevention intervention to inform simulation design, calibration, and validity. Once we developed a baseline model, we used the model as a simulated laboratory by systematically varying three human resource variables: the number of staff positions, the staff turnover rate, and timing in training. We tracked the subsequent influence on EBI delivery and the level of population risk over time to describe the overall and dynamic relationships among these variables. Higher overall levels of human resource capacity at an agency (more positions) led to more extensive EBI delivery over time and lowered population risk earlier in time. In simulations representing the typical human resource investments, substantial influences on population risk were visible after approximately 2 years and peaked around 4 years. Human resources, especially staff positions, have an important impact on EBI sustainability and ultimately population health. A minimum level of human resources based on the context (e.g., size of the initial population and characteristics of the EBI) is likely needed for an EBI to have a meaningful impact on population outcomes. Furthermore, this model demonstrates how ABMs may be leveraged to inform research design and assess the impact of EBI sustainability in practice.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Therapy with Fusaric Acid/Paclitaxel

Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) accounts for 3% of new cancer cases and 2% of cancer mortality annually in the United States (Jemal et al. 2007). Globally, HNSCC affects >500,000 patients each year, making it the 6th in incidence and the 7th in mortality in the world (Parkin et al. 2001, 2005). The chance of recurrence of advanced stage HNSCC within 2 years of treatment is > 50%. The risk of death from a second primary cancer in patients with early-stage HNSCC is higher than the risk of dying of the original primary tumor (Carew and Shah 1998). The risk of developing a second primary increases 3% per year of survival following diagnosis and treatment of the first head and neck cancer.
Are you emotional or depressed? Learning about your emotional state from your music using machine learning

Music plays an important role in our society and has applications broader than just entertainment and pleasure due to its social and physiological effects. There has been recent interest in music, and two active research topics are music information retrieval and music emotion recognition, where data mining and machine learning techniques are integrated with music features and annotations to extract music information such as genres, instrument and its emotional content. In this paper, a machine learning music perception model is proposed to identify emotional content of a given audio stream and study the emotional effects of music. In fact, our developed model has the capability to determine the emotional state of a region (e.g., city) that could be utilized in applications such as marketing, and many other facets of the society such as cognitive development, education, therapy and security. This emotion recognition task is performed by mapping musical acoustic features to corresponding arousal and valence emotion indexes using a linear regression model. A radio-induced emotion dataset (RIED) is compiled from the songs broadcasted on radio in four US major cities (i.e., Houston, New York, Los Angeles and Miami) between October 21, 2017, and November 21, 2017. The RIED is then used as input to the proposed perception model to observe the regional music emotion propensity.
University Mental Health Outreach Targeting Students of Color

As the demand for university counseling services continues to rise, students of color remain less likely to receive services as compared to their White counterparts. As part of the currently study,...
Quality and In-Use Stability Comparison of Brand and Generics of Extended-Release Phenytoin Sodium Capsules.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to understand quality of brand and generic products of phenytoin sodium by in vitro methods. Three commercial products were selected for the study, 1 brand and 2 generics (product-A, product-B, and product-C). Products were repacked in pharmacy vials and stored for 12 weeks at 30°C/75% RH to simulate in-use conditions. The products were examined visually and microscopically for morphologic changes, spectroscopic and diffractometric methods for chemical changes, and dissolution, assay, and impurities for performance evaluation. Capsules content of the product-A turned yellowish to dark orange color from initial white powder, which indicated a possible chemical interaction between lactose and the drug in addition to disproportionation. This was supported by pH, microscopic, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction data. Product-A failed to meet United States Pharmacopoeia dissolution specification of 75% in 120 min after 2-weeks whereas product-B and product-C failed at 6-weeks of in-use stability conditions exposure. Furthermore, product-A also failed to meet United States pharmacopoeia assay and impurities specifications in 12 weeks in-use period. In summary, this study indicated salt disproportionation, chemical interactions, and phase transformations of drug and excipients in the commercial products of phenytoin sodium, which may affect the clinical performance of the product.
Imperfect inspection with directional information: A general failure probability model

Suppose that the entire sequence of items produced is divided into a stream of nondefective items, followed by a stream of defective items. We propose a sequential inspection procedure for the production process that has a general failure probability–increasing, constant, or decreasing failure patterns. We also consider the inspector’s classification errors as well as the costs of inspection and misclassifications. In numerical analysis, we show that other inspection models are special cases of our general model and analyze the effects of failure patterns on the inspection cost for various combinations of the type I and II errors.
Antislavery and Abolition in Philadelphia: Emancipation and the Long Struggle for Racial Justice in the City of Brotherly Love (edited by Richard Newman and James Mueller)

Antislavery and Abolition in Philadelphia offers an interesting collection of essays addressing the city’s abolition legacy. The editors set out to provide a “broad survey of themes” that collectively illustrate Philadelphia’s central role in the U.S. antislavery movement and they succeeded. Though very useful for undergraduate students and readers with some knowledge of the U.S. abolition movement, the collection might be less suited for the other half of the target audience—visitors to Independence Mall. While some of the essays offer the type of broad coverage befitting a general audience, others are more specialized and will be better appreciated by readers with some background.
Comparison of Different Period Digital Alloy Al ${}_{\text{0.7}}$ InAsSb Avalanche Photodiodes

We report Al0.7InAsSb avalanche photodiodes grow as ternary–binary and binary–binary digital alloys. Their characteristics of ideality factor, activation energy, temperature-dependent excess noise, temperature stability, and impact ionization coefficients are compared.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cultural Adaptations of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Hispanic Populations

The present study is a systematic review which aims to evaluate the current state of the literature on the effectiveness and cultural adaptations of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for Hispanics. MBIs are widely used psychological therapies, yet little is known about their effectiveness or appropriateness with the Hispanic population, the fastest growing ethnic minority population in the USA. We identified and reviewed twenty-two studies, across the USA, Spain, and South America. Eight of these studies were coded for meta-analysis. Studies were also rated using methodological rigor and cultural adaptation ratings, developed for this study. Culturally adapted MBIs are associated with depression symptom improvement, stress reduction, stress management, and chronic illness management. Results from meta-analysis suggest a moderate to large effect of the interventions on psychiatric distress relative to scores in the comparison group. Findings from this study suggest there is clear evidence that cultural adaptations can improve evidence-based treatment implementation among Hispanics, but more methodologically rigorous studies are needed. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Raman Biomarkers Are Associated with Cyclic Fatigue Life of Human Allograft Cortical Bone.

BACKGROUND Structural bone allografts are an established treatment method for long-bone structural defects resulting from such conditions as traumatic injury and sarcoma. The functional lifetime of structural allografts depends on resistance to cyclic loading (cyclic fatigue life), which can lead to fracture at stress levels well below the yield strength. Raman spectroscopy biomarkers can be used to non-destructively assess the 3 primary components of bone (collagen, mineral, and water), and may aid in optimizing allograft selection to decrease fatigue fracture risk. We studied the association of Raman biomarkers with the cyclic fatigue life of human allograft cortical bone. METHODS Twenty-one cortical bone specimens were machined from the femoral diaphyses of 4 human donors (a 63-year old man, a 61-year-old man, a 51-year-old woman, and a 48-year-old woman) obtained from the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation. Six Raman biomarkers were analyzed: collagen disorganization, mineral maturation, matrix mineralization, and 3 water compartments. The specimens underwent cyclic fatigue testing under fully reversed conditions (35 and 45 MPa), during which they were tested to fracture or to 30 million cycles ("runout"), simulating 15 years of moderate activity. A tobit censored linear regression model for cyclic fatigue life was created. RESULTS The multivariate model explained 60% of the variance in the cyclic fatigue life (R = 0.604, p < 0.001). Increases in Raman biomarkers for disordered collagen (coefficient: -2.74×10, p < 0.001) and for loosely collagen-bound water compartments (coefficient: -2.11×10, p < 0.001) were associated with a decreased cyclic fatigue life. Increases in Raman biomarkers for mineral maturation (coefficient: 3.50×10, p < 0.001), matrix mineralization (coefficient: 2.32×10, p < 0.001), tightly collagen-bound water (coefficient: 1.19×10, p < 0.001), and mineral-bound water (coefficient: 3.27×10, p < 0.001) were associated with an increased cyclic fatigue life. Collagen disorder accounted for 44% of the variance in the cyclic fatigue life, mineral maturation accounted for 6%, and all bound water compartments accounted for 3%. CONCLUSIONS Increasing baseline collagen disorder was associated with a decreased cyclic fatigue life and had the strongest correlation with the cyclic fatigue life of human cortical donor bone. This model should be prospectively validated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Raman analysis is a promising tool for the non-destructive evaluation of structural bone allograft quality for load-bearing applications.
Global exponential stability of primal-dual gradient flow dynamics based on the proximal augmented Lagrangian

The primal-dual gradient flow dynamics based on the proximal augmented Lagrangian were introduced in [1] to solve nonsmooth composite optimization problems with a linear equality constraint. We use a Lyapunov-based approach to demonstrate global exponential stability of the underlying dynamics when the differentiable part of the objective function is strongly convex and its gradient is Lipschitz continuous. This also allows us to determine a bound on the stepsize that guarantees linear convergence of the discretized algorithm.
Factions, frames, and postfeminism(s) in the Body Positive Movement

How are contemporary post/feminisms like Body Positivity constituted in and through digital media cultures, and what are the consequences for diverse movement participants? This article analyzes te...
In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of AZD3965 and Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid in the Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Model

Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) represents a potential therapeutic target in cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of AZD3965 (a specific inhibitor of MCT1) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC, a nonspecific inhibitor of MCTs) in the murine 4T1 tumor model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Expression of MCT1 and MCT4 in 4T1 and mouse mammary epithelial cells were determined by Western blot. Inhibition of MCT1-mediated l-lactate uptake and cellular proliferation by AZD3965 and CHC was determined. Mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors were treated with AZD3965 100 mg/kg i.p. twice-daily or CHC 200 mg/kg i.p. once-daily. Tumor growth, metastasis, intra-tumor lactate concentration, immune function, tumor MCT expression, and concentration-effect relationships were determined. AZD3965 and CHC inhibited cell growth and l-lactate uptake in 4T1 cells. AZD3965 treatment resulted in trough plasma and tumor concentrations of 29.1 ± 13.9 and 1670 ± 946 nM, respectively. AZD3965 decreased the tumor proliferation biomarker Ki67 expression, increased intra-tumor lactate concentration, and decreased tumor volume, although tumor weight was not different from untreated controls. CHC had no effect on tumor volume and weight, or intra-tumor lactate concentration. AZD3965 treatment reduced the blood leukocyte count and spleen weight and increased lung metastasis, while CHC did not. These findings indicate AZD3965 is a potent MCT1 inhibitor that accumulates to high concentrations in 4T1 xenograft tumors, where it increases tumor lactate concentrations and produces beneficial effects on markers of TNBC; however, overall effects on tumor growth were minimal and lung metastases increased.