cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3872: Quantification of mutant SPOP proteins in prostate cancer using targeted proteomics

Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein that functions as a potential tumor suppressor, and SPOP mutations have been identified in ∼10% of human prostate cancers. However, it remains unclear if mutant SPOP proteins can be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis or targeted therapy of prostate cancer. To address this issue, selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and PRISM (high-pressure, high-resolution separations coupled with intelligent selection and multiplexing) -SRM mass spectrometry assays have been developed for quantifying mutant SPOP proteins. SRM assays for wild-type SPOP protein and 11 prostate cancer-derived mutations were developed. The presence of multiple lysine residues in the mutation regions precludes the use of conventional tryptic digestion. Arg-C was selected instead due to its superior performance in generating mutation site(s) containing SPOP peptides that are more suitable for SRM analysis comparing to other proteases (e.g., Asp-N). Although the resulting Arg-C peptides are longer and more hydrophobic than typical tryptic peptides, all the SRM assays showed a linear dynamic range of more than two orders of magnitude. The limits of quantification for the mutation site(s) containing peptides range from 10 to 100 fmol/μg of total protein in the cell lysate. Applying these SRM assays to analyze 293T cells with and without expression of the three most frequent SPOP mutations in prostate cancer (Y87N, F102C or F133V) led to confident detection of all three SPOP mutations in corresponding positive cell lines but not in the negative cell lines. Expression of the F133V mutation and wild-type SPOP was at much lower levels compared to that of F102C and Y87N mutations, which agrees with RT-PCR results. It is unknown if this is related to activity of the SPOP protein. PRISM-SRM assays have shown further improvement in sensitivity. SRM enables multiplexed, isoform-specific detection of mutant SPOP proteins in cell lysates, which holds great potential in biomarker development for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Hui Wang, Christopher Barbieri, Jintang He, Yuqian Gao, Chaochao Wu, Athena Schepmoes, Thomas Fillmore, Tujin Shi, Sung-Suk Chae, Dennis Huang, Juan Miguel Mosquera, Wei-Jun Qian, Richard Smith, Sudhir Srivastava, Jacob Kagan, David Camp, Karin Rodland, Mark Rubin, Tao Liu. Quantification of mutant SPOP proteins in prostate cancer using targeted proteomics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3872.
Natural Kinds Put to Work

In the previous chapter, I argued that a natural kind in a domain is (a) part of a taxonomy that allows enquiry in the domain to achieve inductive and explanatory success, (b) such that success would not be attained with a taxonomy that excludes the kind. I call these criteria the success clause and restriction clause, respectively.
Schlussbetrachtungen: Eine Typologie kommunikativer Venetzungen

In der vorliegenden Studie habe ich herausgearbeitet, wie digitale Medien Mobiltelefon und das Internet in einem Segment der russischen Migrationsgemeinschaft im Alter von 16 bis 26 Jahren angeeignet werden und welches Potenzial sie fur eine kommunikative Vernetzung innerhalb der jungen russischen Diaspora, aber auch daruber hinaus, aufweisen. Behandelt wurden Fragen dazu, in welchem Zusammenhang eine solche Analyse kommunikativer Vernetzungsprozesse mit Fragen ihrer kulturellen Integration und Identitatsartikulation steht. Ebenso habe ich einen Ausschnitt der komplexen Vielfalt der russischen Diaspora in Deutschland gegeben, von der hier insbesondere Jugendliche und junge erwachsene Diasporaangehorige fokussiert wurden.
Sciadiocrinus, convergence on the family Pirasocrinidae (Crinoidea: Echinodermata)

Sciadiocrinus Moore and Plummer is synonymized with Schistocrinus Moore and Plummer, with the name Sciadiocrinus retained by the Law of Priority. This synonymy is based on a reexamination of the type material, study of a previously undescribed ontogenetic sequence in S. tegillum Strimple and Moore, and close inspection of separate radial plates and anal-sac spines. The holotype specimen of the type species of Sciadiocrinus was incorrectly illustrated in the original description of the genus, and appears to be immature. The basal plates of this specimen are shown to be separated from each other by the junction of the radial plates with the infrabasals—a principal character in the original concept of Schistocrinus. The Sciadiocrinus tegillum hypodigm now includes specimens which also have relatively large radial–infrabasal sutures as well as individuals with little or no contact between these plates. Examination of this collection and previously described material shows that mode of arm branching, details of radial-plate articular facets, and some features of the anal-sac spines are also equivalent in the two genera. Sciadiocrinus, presently classified in the family Pirasocrinidae, is distinct from all known pirasocrinid taxa in a number of morphological characters. We believe the genus should be removed from the Pirasocrinidae, and recommend its assignment to the family Anobasicrinidae based primarily on similarities in arm structure. The remarkable convergence between Sciadiocrinus and the Pirasocrinidae emphasizes the adaptive significance of the spinose, umbrella-like anal-sac roof, which apparently served as a deterrent to predators.
James’s Writer-Hero: A Modernist Icon

This study examines the evolution of Henry James’s modernist portrait of the writer-artist in his ultimately symbiotic relation to the reader-critic. In developing this subject, which became both a theme and a strategy for his fictions about writers, James dramatised not only the external experience of the writer-artist in society, but also the increasingly complex and comprehensive imaginative life of the writer as both the agent and the audience of his fiction. Moreover, in characterising himself in the Prefaces to the New York Edition of his work as his own best reader and critic, James created the most complete portrayal we have of the reader as interpretive complicitor of the writer-artist. In a highly original and self-conscious body of fiction and theory about writers and critics James also laid the foundation of his now widely acknowledged place as one of the first literary modernists, for this work illustrates a central tenet of his mature artistry: the necessary authority of the individual consciousness in defining and interpreting reality, in fiction as in life. His emphasis upon individual consciousness led to a portrayal of the writer-reader relationship that now appears prescient in view of current reader-response theory.1
A single-chip CMOS transmitter for automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) system

This paper presents a single-chip CMOS transmitter for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system, for the first time, operating at both 978 MHz Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) mode and 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (1090 ES) mode. The 1.9 mm × 0.84 mm transmitter chip fabricated using 0.18 um CMOS process exhibits peak output power of 17 dBm at 978 MHz with 128 MHz bandwidth, thus providing a big advantage of reduction in size and cost over the state-of-the-art ADS-B technology.
Using the OASES-A to illustrate how network analysis can be applied to understand the experience of stuttering

Abstract Purpose Network science uses mathematical and computational techniques to examine how individual entities in a system, represented by nodes, interact, as represented by connections between nodes. This approach has been used by Cramer et al. (2010) to make “symptom networks” to examine various psychological disorders. In the present analysis we examined a network created from the items in the Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering-Adult (OASES-A), a commonly used measure for evaluating adverse impact in the lives of people who stutter. Method The items of the OASES-A were represented as nodes in the network. Connections between nodes were placed if responses to those two items in the OASES-A had a correlation coefficient greater than ±0.5. Several network analyses revealed which nodes were “important” in the network. Results Several centrally located nodes and “key players” in the network were identified. A community detection analysis found groupings of nodes that differed slightly from the subheadings of the OASES-A. Conclusions Centrally located nodes and “key players” in the network may help clinicians prioritize treatment. The different community structure found for people who stutter suggests that the way people who stutter view stuttering may differ from the way that scientists and clinicians view stuttering. Finally, the present analyses illustrate how the network approach might be applied to other speech, language, and hearing disorders to better understand how those disorders are experienced and to provide insights for their treatment.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Photosynthetic Systems

Photosynthesis begins when a network of pigment–protein complexes captures solar energy and transports it to the reaction center, where charge separation occurs. When necessary (under low light conditions), photosynthetic organisms perform this energy transport and charge separation with near unity quantum efficiency. Remarkably, this high efficiency is maintained under physiological conditions, which include thermal fluctuations of the pigment–protein complexes and changing local environments. These conditions introduce multiple types of heterogeneity in the pigment–protein complexes, including structural heterogeneity, energetic heterogeneity, and functional heterogeneity. Understanding how photosynthetic light-harvesting functions in the face of these fluctuations requires understanding this heterogeneity, which, in turn, requires characterization of individual pigment–protein complexes. Single-molecule spectroscopy has the power to probe individual complexes. In this review, we present an overview of ...
Towards a Bioethics of the Political Bios: Happiness, Health and Illness of Political and Social Bodies

All bios is integrated and bioethics is the theory and practice of understanding and supporting the complex adaptable and integrating life forms of bios. This paper provides an overview of formative properties for good health and happiness of political bodies and identifies economic, cultural, social and political disorders and diseases, which might lead to weakness or even death and which require fitness and antiaging exercises together with healthy and successful care for the health of natural, cultivated and social geographic and non-geographic biotopes. The eight C - properties of bios - communication and cooperation, competence and competition, contemplation and calculation, compassion and cultivation – in their human-species specific form will be analyzed in as far as they can be applied to political bodies. Risk parameters for the health of the body politic today include biological risk, electric risk, revolt and repression risk, loss of trust risk, territorial mix-up risk, loss of control risk.
A comparison of indirect matrix converter based open-end winding drives against state-of-the-art

Voltage source inverters (VSIs) are used in electric drives to generate a variable frequency, variable amplitude voltage for motor control. In addition to the desired three-phase output voltage, VSIs also generate high-frequency common-mode voltage that causes shaft voltage and stray currents; that in turn cause EMI and motor failure. VSIs also need a stable DC voltage input that is generated from a rectifier or an active frontend converter. In contrast matrix converter (MC) based open-end winding (OE Wdg.) drives offer direct AC/AC conversion, thus eliminating the large capacitor in the VSI based system's DC-link. When modulated exclusively using rotating vectors, the MC based OE Wdg. drives do not generate any common-mode voltage, thus eliminating a major cause of motor failure. The advantages offered by the MC based solution require more semiconductor switches but less reactive components. To choose between this solution and the state-of-the-art, the input/output waveform quality, passive component requirements, and the total losses of several different solutions are evaluated in this paper. Special attention has been paid to the output common-mode voltage related phenomenon since common-mode elimination is the primary motivation for employing modulation using rotating vectors and an open-end winding drive topology.
Review of surgical and anesthetic management for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, unilateral pulmonary agenesis and dextrocardia.

Association of unilateral severe pulmonary atresia or agenesis and esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and dextrocardia is a rare and highly lethal combination. We report a case of a full-term female infant who had EA with TEF, right lung agenesis, and dextrocardia. Repair of the fistula took place on day of life 3. We describe anesthetic and surgical concerns of this patient’s case which are keys to a good operative outcome as well as follow-up for the patient.
Decoding the representation of code in the brain: an fMRI study of code review and expertise

Subjective judgments in software engineering tasks are of critical importance but can be difficult to study with conventional means. Medical imaging techniques hold the promise of relating cognition to physical activities and brain structures. In a controlled experiment involving 29 participants, we examine code comprehension, code review and prose review using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We find that the neural representations of programming languages vs. natural languages are distinct. We can classify which task a participant is under-taking based solely on brain activity (balanced accuracy 79%, p r = 0.99, p r = −0.44, p = 0.016) indicating that more skilled participants treat code and prose more similarly at a neural activation level.
Equipping Preservice Elementary Teachers for Data Use in the Classroom.

Current preservice teacher education practice related to data use has been deemed inadequate, in that it is unevenly distributed and often superficial. In response, this article describes a course-...
The Role of Macrophages in the Response to TNF Inhibition in Experimental Arthritis

The reduction of synovial tissue macrophages is a reliable biomarker for clinical improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and macrophages are reduced in synovial tissue shortly after initiation of TNF inhibitors. The mechanism for this initial response is unclear. These studies were performed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the initial reduction of macrophages following TNF inhibition, positing that efflux to draining lymph nodes was involved. RA synovial tissue and synovial fluid macrophages expressed CCR7, which was increased in control macrophages following incubation with TNF-α. Human TNF transgenic (hTNF-Tg) mice were treated with infliximab after development of arthritis. Ankles were harvested and examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. hTNF-Tg mice treated with infliximab demonstrated significant clinical and histologic improvement 3 d after the initiation of therapy, at which time Ly6C+ macrophages were significantly reduced in the ankles. However, no evidence was identified to support a role of macrophage efflux to draining lymph nodes following treatment with infliximab. In contrast, apoptosis of Ly6C+ macrophages in the ankles and popliteal lymph nodes, decreased migration of monocytes into the ankles, and a reduction of CCL2 were identified following the initiation of infliximab. These observations demonstrate that Ly6C+ macrophage apoptosis and decreased ingress of circulating monocytes into the joint are responsible for the initial reduction of macrophages following infliximab treatment in hTNF-Tg mice.
Composing and Decomposing Bodies: Visualizing Death and Disease in an Era of Global War, Pestilence, and Famine, 1913–1923

This chapter explores conflict, crisis, and contagion as well as mass death at a time when dramatic new methods were being used to record this. Advancing imaging technologies were developing as part of a visual regime of capture, counting, and containment joining popular culture, state bureaucracy, scientific, and medical research practices. The capturing and viewing of images is presented as a means of integrating the study of the embodied physical and cultural. A primary examination of World War I, 1914–1918, with some discussion of its relevance to the Spanish flu, 1918, and the Povolzhye famine, 1921–1923, foreground discussion of present-day remembrance of the dead and the exhumation of bodies for scientific and historical study.
Is flight-calling behaviour influenced by age, sex and/or body condition?

Migratory organisms face many challenges as they travel to take advantage of changing resources, exhibiting a variety of strategies to successfully move between locations. Birds are a model taxa for understanding migratory systems, relying on a multitude of cues and showing diverse behaviours, one of which is their propensity to give calls during migratory flight. However, this behaviour is understudied and may have implications in orientation, navigation and migration monitoring. Because a variety of migratory behaviours differ among and within species as a function of age, sex and body condition, we evaluated whether flight-calling behaviour was related to any of these variables. We studied flight-calling behaviour in four species of passage migrant warblers in captivity during autumn migration at Powdermill Avian Research Center (Rector, PA, U.S.A.) and Braddock Bay Bird Observatory (Greece, NY, U.S.A.). Our results demonstrate extensive variation in flight-calling behaviour by migrant warblers. When all species were combined, young birds were more likely to call and call at a higher rate than adults. All species-specific models were consistent in suggesting a higher propensity and rate of calling by young birds, although the black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens, was the only species-specific model with significant age-related differences. When all species were combined, sex did not have a significant effect on either propensity or rate of calling. The effect of sex was inconsistent across species, and only magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia, males were significantly more likely to respond to calls than females. Surprisingly, body condition did not significantly affect the propensity or rate of calling. While our results reflect the complexity of flight-calling behaviour, our finding that young migrants consistently gave more calls has broad utility, particularly in quantitative migration monitoring. These results demonstrate the need for additional study to determine the selective forces influencing flight-calling behaviour.
Directly modulated spinning magnet arrays for ULF communications

In this paper we present an electromechanical radiating system based on spinning permanent magnets which are not subject to Chu's limit. A spinning magnet array's propagation characteristics for Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) communication have been presented and experimentally demonstrated. If low data rates are acceptable, ULF is an attractive choice for RF denied environments such as underwater and underground. ULF antennas, if made portable within a diameter of 1m, will operate under an electrical length of the order of 10−4 to 10−6 wavelengths in free space. Like for any other electrically small antenna, Chu's limit kicks in and defines the lower bound of the radiation quality factor. We have proven that the proposed Spinning Magnet Array breaks Chu's limit and has the potential to operate at improved bandwidth using Direct Antenna Modulation (DAM).
Correlates of elemental‐isotopic composition of stream fishes: the importance of land‐use, species identity and body size

The isotopic (δ13 C and δ15 N) and stoichiometric (C:N:P) compositions of four fish species (Family Centrarchidae: Lepomis auritus, Lepomis cyanellus; Family Cyprinidae: Nocomis leptocephalus, Semotilus atromaculatus) were examined across four North Carolina Piedmont streams arrayed along an urbanization gradient. Both isotopic and stoichiometric composition of fishes appeared to track changes occurring in basal resource availability. Values of δ13 C of basal resources and consumers were more enriched at the most urbanized streams. Similarly, basal resources and consumers were δ15 N-enriched at more urbanized streams. Basal resource stoichiometry varied across streams, with periphyton being the most variable. Primary consumers stoichiometry also differed across streams. Intraspecific variation in fish stoichiometry correlated with the degree of urbanization, as the two cyprinids had higher N content and L. cyanellus had higher P content in more urbanized streams, probably due to enrichment of basal resources. Intrinsic factors, specifically species identity and body size also affected stoichiometric variation. Phosphorus (P) content increased significantly with body size in centrarchids, but not in cyprinids. These results suggest that although species identity and body size are important predictors of elemental stoichiometry, the complex nature of altered urban streams may yield imbalances in the elemental composition of consumers via their food resources.
Invited Article: Refined analysis of synchrotron radiation for NIST's SURF III facility.

We have developed a new method for the exact calculation of synchrotron radiation for the National Institute of Standards and Technology Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility, SURF III. Instead of using the Schwinger formula, which is only an approximation, we develop formulae based on Graf’s addition theorem for Bessel functions and accurate asymptotic expansions for Hankel functions and Bessel functions. By measuring the radiation intensity profile at two distances from the storage ring, we also confirm an apparent vertical emittance that is consistent with the vertical betatron oscillations that are intentionally introduced to extend beam lifetime by spreading the electron beam spatially. Finally, we determine how much diffraction by beamline apertures enhances the spectral irradiance at an integrating sphere entrance port at the end station. This should eliminate small but treatable components of the uncertainty budget that one should consider when using SURF III or similar synchrotrons as standa...
Jails: Neglected Asylums:

Who cares about the jails? These neglected institutions are serving as asylums for the indigent, the mentally ill, and the substance abuser. Reasons for this situation are reviewed along with the u...
A Mahalanobis distance-based approach to constrained project assignment among multiple allocation options

This paper develops an analytical approach for selecting projects that are most attractive for development from an economic point of view and assigning them to one of several implementation options. These options represent alternative ways to develop projects, such as private contractors and an in-house group. A relevant limiting resource in addition to the availability of funds is the in-house manpower availability. The concept of Mahalanobis distance (MD) is used as the classification criterion to select the most appropriate option for any project. The allocation methodology is formulated using two binary integer programming models. The first formulation maximises the dollar value of benefits derived from those projects being implemented subject to budget, total-sum of projects MDs, and in-house manpower constraints. The second formulation minimises the total-sum of project MDs subject to budget and in-house manpower constraints. For illustration purposes, the proposed approach is used in an application involving seal coat.
Caracterización de la tapiza en fibra poliester, para su reutilización como sustrato agrícola

Este proyecto fue concebido para dar respuesta al problema ambiental generado en la industria autopartista, a partir del material compuesto fibra poliester/apresto/polietileno utilizado en la fabricacion de la tapiza para automovil. Lo anterior, debido a que al conformar la alfombra para la produccion de la tapiza del automovil, se genera un 33% en peso de desperdicios de material a partir del troquelado. Dicho desperdicio, es dificilmente aprovechables, ya que, su tamano y geometria no es uniforme. Por otro lado, las diferencias quimicas de sus componentes hacen imposible reprocesarlo a partir de calor, la descomposicion quimica a partir de solventes es costosa y ademas es ambientalmente negativa y la incineracion o recuperacion energetica genera humos y solidos en suspension, que tambien son elementos contaminantes. Por lo anterior, se planteo caracterizar la tapiza para ver si cumplia con las propiedades necesarias para servir como sustrato agricola en cultivos hidroponicos, teniendo en cuenta, que las propiedades iniciales de los componentes por separado cumplen con algunos de los requerimientos iniciales para su implementacion como sustrato, principalmente, la fibra.
Supramolecular photochemistry concepts highlighted with select examples

Abstract ‘Supramolecular photochemistry’ (SP) deals with a study of the properties of molecules in their excited states where the medium plays a significant role. While ‘molecular photochemistry’ (MP) deals with studies in isotropic solution, the SP deals with reactant molecules that interact weakly with their surroundings. The surroundings in general are highly organized assemblies such as crystals, liquid crystals, micelles, and host–guest structures. The behavior of exited molecules in SP unlike in isotropic solution is controlled not only by their inherent electronic and steric properties but also by the immediate surroundings. The weak interactions that control the chemistry include van der Walls, hydrophobic, C H⋯π, π⋯π and several types of hydrogen bonds. In this review the uniqueness of SP compared to MP is highlighted with examples chosen from reactions in crystals, micelles and host–guest assemblies. In spite of distinctly different structures (crystals, micelles, etc.) the influence of the medium could be understood on the basis of a model developed by G.M.J. Schmidt for photoreactions in crystals. The principles of reaction cavity model are briefly outlined in this review. There are a few important features that are specific to SP. For example, highly reactive molecules and intermediates could be stabilized in a confined environment; they enable phosphorescence to be observed at room temperature and favor chiral induction in photochemical reactions. Using such examples the uniqueness of SP is highlighted. The future of SP depends on developing efficient and unique catalytic photoreactions using easily available reaction ‘containers’. In addition, their value in artificial photosynthesis should be established for SP to occupy a center stage in the future.
The computational imagination: notes on the exhibition designing the computational image, imagining computational design

Should we see the early development of computer-aided design as an aesthetic movement? Just as eighteenth-century England had picturesque gardens and the world of social media today has spawned its own universe of visual conventions (to take two examples at random), was there such a thing as a "computational aesthetics" some 50 years ago? These are questions not about "computer art" per se, but about how a new visual culture might emerge alongside new practices and new concepts. They are particularly tricky questions to ask of early computational images because such images come from an era when people were eager to frame their work as scientific research, and aesthetics was often ruled out of bounds.
Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Decomposition Toolbox for Pyomo (MindtPy)

Abstract In this paper, we present a new software framework developed in Pyomo, MindtPy (Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Decomposition Toolbox for Pyomo), which implements several decomposition methods for solving Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLP). These methods decompose the MINLP into a Mixed-integer Linear Program (MILP) and a Nonlinear Program (NLP). The methods implemented in this toolbox are designed to find the global optimal solution of convex MINLP problems. This toolbox allows the user to specify certain algorithmic options for these methods, which were not available in a single solver. Using Process Systems Engineering appications; the computational implementation and performance are discussed.
The Contest Problem Book VI: American High School Mathematics Examinations 1989-1994

Contest Problem Book VI chronicles the high school competitions sponsored by the Mathematical Association of America. It contains 180 challenging problems from the six years of the American High School Mathematics Examination [AHSME], 1989 through 1994, as well as a selection of other problems. Many problem solving techniques for problems in this book show alternative approaches that appear in print for the first time. Some aspects of mathematical problem solving unique to competitions is discussed. Useful tools are selected from important areas of high school mathematics. A Problems Index classified the 180 problems in the book into subject areas: Algebra (with 65 subclasses), Complex Numbers (with 11 subclasses), Discrete Mathematics (with 20 subclasses), Geometry (with 43 subclasses), Number Theory (with 24 subclasses), Statistics (with 5 subclasses), and Trigonometry (with 12 subclasses). Many subclasses have sub-subclasses, some with over a dozen. The Pigeon Hole Principle proves that some problems must appear in more than one class. That, in fact, is the case! Outstanding problems combine elementary techniques from diverse areas of mathematics, occasionally three or more. You will find many of them here.
A Retrospective Look: Phantom Liquidity And High Frequency Quoting

In this paper we take a retrospective look at our paper "Phantom Liquidity and High Frequency Quoting" and discuss the context of the research in light of our broader inquiry into the nature of the high frequency trading industry. The data presented in this paper appears to show that limit order cancellations of high frequency traders are associated with price discovery and liquidity provision, rather than some manner of systematic taking-advantage-of other market participants. These firms are acting as rational, profit-seeking business, and we believe time has shown this view to be correct. In the years since publication, HFT has matured, and consolidated into fewer, lower-cost providers of efficiency and liquidity services, mush like we would expect in any other industry.
Perception of Maltreatment: Gender-Specific Mental Health Outcomes Associated with Maltreatment as Most Upsetting Experience

The following study expands Dr. Penelope Trickett’s research on the heterogeneity in outcomes related to childhood maltreatment by testing the associations between perception of maltreatment as adolescents’ most upsetting experience and mental health symptoms. We expected adolescents who reported maltreatment (vs. nonmaltreatment) as their most upsetting experience would experience greater internalizing and externalizing behavior problems across adolescence. We also expected emotionally abused/neglected youth compared to sexually/physically abused youth would fare better when reporting a maltreatment (vs. nonmaltreatment) most upsetting experience. Hypotheses were tested with data collected from 303 maltreated (n = 151 girls) adolescents across four waves of measurement. Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms differed for girls reporting maltreatment versus nonmaltreatment as their most upsetting experience. Boys reporting maltreatment (vs. nonmaltreatment) as their most upsetting experience had lower levels of aggression and rule breaking behavior at wave 1. Findings from the present study are relevant for clinicians as an indicator of risk for mental health problems and suggest tailored treatment plans for boys versus girls. Findings from the present study should be used to support legislation that prioritizes children and their families, providing resources to limit the traumatic nature of maltreatment in order to reduce the short- and long-term mental health consequences associated with perceptions of maltreatment as upsetting.
5.21 – Computational Toxicology☆

Computational toxicology played an important role in the ongoing paradigm shift in the field of toxicology. Computation toxicology is inherently a multidisciplinary field, and it comprises the building of models of many different types with different techniques. This article explains a variety of model building techniques and various supporting resources needed to build high-quality predictive models. The article is divided into four broad areas: (1) computational toxicology resources, (2) computational toxicology projects, (3) computational toxicology modeling, and (4) future directions and perspectives. All areas are composed around common themes of developmental toxicology and direct and indirect input from various computational toxicological analysis and integrative modeling. Predictive models also benefit from multiple data types and various available knowledge bases that play an important role from comprehensive understanding of toxicity. An integrative approach using, for example, biological pathways to inform feature selection for models has capability to balance statistical performance and a better understanding of modes of action. Due to these advantages, computational toxicology will be an indispensable cornerstone in future advances in toxicological sciences.
Patient with anomalous skin pigmentation expands the phenotype of ARID2 loss‐of‐function disorder, a SWI/SNF‐related intellectual disability

ARID2 loss-of-function is associated with a rare genetic disorder characterized in 14 reported patients to date. ARID2 encodes a member of the SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable chromatin remodeling complex. Other genes encoding subunits of this complex, such as ARID1A, ARID1B, and SMARCA2, are mutated in association with Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) and Nicolaides Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS) phenotypes. Previously reported ARID2 mutations manifested clinically with a CSS-like phenotype including intellectual disability, coarsened facial features, fifth toenail hypoplasia, and other recognizable dysmorphisms. However, heterogeneity exists between previously reported patients with some patients showing more overlapping features with NCBRS. Herein, we present a patient with a novel disease-causing ARID2 loss-of-function mutation. His clinical features included intellectual disability, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, toenail hypoplasia, ADHD, short stature, and delayed development consistent with prior reports. Our patient also presented with previously unreported clinical findings including ophthalmologic involvement, persistent fetal fingertip and toetip pads, and diffuse hyperpigmentary and hypopigmentary changes sparing his face, palms, and soles. The anomalous skin findings are particularly of interest given prior literature outlining the role of ARID2 in melanocyte homeostasis and melanoma. This clinical report and review of the literature is further affirming of the characteristic symptoms and expands the phenotype of this newly described and rare syndrome.
Hepatoprotection by Green Tea Extract Along the Gut-liver Axis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is Mediated by Epigallocatechin Gallate but Not Catechin (OR34-03-19)

Objectives Green tea extract (GTE) alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through a mechanism involving the gut-liver axis by limiting endotoxin-TLR4-NFκB inflammation, but the independent bioactivities of specific green tea catechins have not been defined. We hypothesized that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and catechin (CAT) would protect against NASH, but to a lesser extent than GTE.
Nonlinear analysis of multiphase transport in porous media in the presence of viscous, buoyancy, and capillary forces

Nonlinear convergence problems in numerical reservoir simulation can lead to unacceptably large computational time and are often the main impediment to performing simulation studies of large-scale problems. We analyze the nonlinearity of the discrete transport (mass conservation) equation for immiscible, incompressible, two-phase flow in porous media in the presence of viscous, buoyancy, and capillary forces. Although simulation problems are multi-dimensional with large numbers of cells and variables, we find that the essence of the nonlinear behavior can be understood by studying the discretized (numerical) flux function for the interface between two cells. The numerical flux is expressed in terms of the saturations of the two cells. Discontinuities in the first-order derivative of the flux function (referred to as kinks) and inflection lines are identified as the cause of convergence difficulty. These critical features (kinks and inflections) change the curvature of the numerical flux function abruptly, and can lead to overshoots, oscillations, or divergence in Newton iterations.Based on our understanding of the nonlinearity, a nonlinear solver is developed, referred to as the Numerical Trust Region (NTR) solver. The solver is able to guide the Newton iterations safely and efficiently through the different saturation 'trust-regions' delineated by the kinks and inflections. Specifically, overshoots and oscillations that often lead to convergence failure are avoided. Numerical examples demonstrate that our NTR solver has superior convergence performance compared with existing methods. In particular, convergence is achieved for a wide range of timestep sizes and Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) numbers spanning several orders of magnitude. In addition, a discretization scheme is proposed for handling heterogeneities in capillary-pressure-saturation relationship. The scheme has less degree of nonlinearity compared with the standard Single-point Phase-based Upstream weighting scheme, leading to an improved nonlinear convergence performance especially when used together with our NTR solver. Our proposed numerical solution strategy that is based on the numerical flux and handles capillarity extends the previous work by Jenny et al. (2009) 6] and Wang and Tchelepi (2013) 7] significantly. The nonlinearity of multiphase transport in porous media is analyzed.The analysis considers viscous, buoyancy, and capillary forces.The critical features that cause nonlinear convergence failures are identified.A nonlinear solver that converges without oscillations and divergence is developed.The solver converges faster than existing methods and allows large timesteps.
Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous cell-derived membranous vesicles which carry a large diversity of molecules such as proteins and RNA species. They are now considered to be a general mode of intercellular communication by direct transfer of biomolecules. Emerging evidence demonstrates that EVs are involved in multiple pathological processes of brain diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we investigate the current knowledge about EV biology. We also provide an overview of the roles of EVs in related brain diseases, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss their potential applications as novel biomarkers as well as the developments of EV-based therapies.
An exploration of social identity: The geography and politics of news‐sharing communities in twitter

The importance of collective social action in current events is manifest in the Arab Spring and Occupy movements. Electronic social media have become a pervasive channel for social interactions, and a basis of collective social response to information. The study of social media can reveal how individual actions combine to become the collective dynamics of society. Characterizing the groups that form spontaneously may reveal both how individuals self-identify and how they will act together. Here we map the social, political, and geographical properties of news-sharing communities on Twitter, a popular microblogging platform. We track user-generated messages that contain links to New York Times online articles and we label users according to the topic of the links they share, their geographic location, and their self-descriptive keywords. When users are clustered based on who follows whom in Twitter, we find social groups separate by whether they are interested in local (NY), national (US) or global (cosmopolitan) issues. The national group subdivides into liberal, conservative and other, the latter being a diverse but mostly business oriented group with sports, arts, and other splinters. The national political groups are based across the US but are distinct from the national group that is broadly interested in a variety of topics. A person who is cosmopolitan associates with others who are cosmopolitan, and a US liberal/conservative associates with others who are US liberal/conservative, creating separated social groups with those identities. The existence of “citizens” of local, national, and cosmopolitan communities is a basis for dialog and action at each of these levels of societal organization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 19: 10–20, 2013
Roles of the RAM and ANK domains in signaling by the C. elegans GLP-1 receptor.

Abstract In Caenorhabditis elegans, the GLP-1 receptor acts with a downstream transcriptional regulator, LAG-1, to mediate intercellular signaling. GLP-1 and LAG-1 are homologs of Drosophila Notch and Su(H) respectively. Here, we investigate the functions of two regions of the GLP-1 intracellular domain: the ANK repeat domain, which includes six cdc10/ankyrin repeats plus flanking amino acids, and the RAM domain, which spans approximately 60 amino acids just inside the transmembrane domain. First, we demonstrate that both ANK and RAM domains interact with the LAG-1 transcription factor. The interaction between the ANK domain and LAG-1 is only observed in nematodes by a co-localization assay and, therefore, may be either direct or indirect. By contrast, the interaction between the RAM domain and LAG-1 is likely to be direct, since it is observed by co-precipitation of the proteins in vitro as well as by yeast two-hybrid experiments. Second, we demonstrate that the RAM domain, when expressed in nematodes without a functional ANK repeat domain, does not mimic the unregulated receptor in directing cell fates or interfere with signaling by endogenous components. Finally, we show in yeast that the ANK repeats are strong transcriptional activators. Furthermore, missense mutations that eliminate receptor activity also abolish transcriptional activation by the GLP-1 ANK repeats in yeast. We speculate that one possible function for the ANK repeat domain is to act as a transcriptional co-activator with LAG-1.
Optimizing the Crowdsourcing-based Bike Station Rebalancing Scheme

User dynamics in both spatial and temporal domains bring uncertainty to bike-sharing systems (BSSs) and usually lead to bike imbalance. This may generate out-of-service events due to bike underflow or overflow, at a bike station. In this paper, we recruit workers through crowdsourcing to rebalance loads among bike stations. We assume that workers have their individual sources and destinations, and assign them to move bikes from overflow stations to underflow stations. We partition the complex spatial and temporal problem into a sequence of slices with a fixed duration in the temporal domain. In each slice, we focus on the spatial domain and allocate a pair of overflow/underflow stations to a worker such that the summation of detour cost among workers is minimized. The hardness of finding the min-cost allocation is shown by a reduction from a 3-dimensional matching problem (i.e., matching among workers, overflow stations, and underflow stations). We propose a 3-approximation algorithm for the problem when the detour cost is proportional to the detour distances. Then, the configuration dynamic in the sequence of slices is captured by carefully determining the rebalancing frequency and target for each rebalancing operation. We investigate heuristic approaches to decide rebalancing frequencies and targets over a sequence of slices in order to minimize the total number of bike movements (i.e., the total number of workers), and hence to derive the average total detours per slice. We simulate our algorithms on both real-world and synthetic datasets based on different time-slice granularities. The experiment results show that our approaches can reduce the average total detour per slice.
Developing and Validating a Novel Anonymous Method for Matching Longitudinal School-Based Data

Prospective longitudinal data collection is an important way for researchers and evaluators to assess change. In school-based settings, for low-risk and/or likely-beneficial interventions or survey...
Masculine Norms and Infectious Disease: The Case of COVID-19

During the novel coronavirus pandemic of 2019-2020 early data suggested that men were slightly more likely to contract COVID-19 than women, less likely to seek medical attention for the disease, and far more likely to die as a result of COVID-19. While several studies have explored this gender gap, none have attempted to isolate the psychological processes underpinning this phenomenon. In this research note, I suggest that belief in masculine norms partly explains these differences. Using data from a large (n=100,689) survey of American adults conducted between March and June by the Democracy Fund + UCLA (Nationscape), I find that sexist beliefs, a component of masculine norms, are consistently the strongest predictor of coronavirus-related emotions, behaviors, policy attitudes, and ultimately contracting COVID-19. This study highlights how gender ideology can impact health and impede government public health efforts.
Tiny Structure Editors for Low, Low Prices! (Generating GUIs from toString Functions)

Writing toString functions to display custom data values is straightforward, but building custom interfaces to manipulate such values is more difficult. Though tolerable in many scenarios, this difficulty is acute in emerging value-centric IDEs—such as those that provide programming by examples (PBE) or bidirectional transformation (BX) modalities, in which users manipulate output values to specify programs.We present an approach that automatically generates custom GUIs from ordinary toString functions. By tracing the execution of the toString function on an input value, our technique overlays a tiny structure editor upon the output string: UI widgets for selecting, adding, removing, and modifying elements of the original value are displayed atop appropriate substrings.We implement our technique—in a tool called TSE—for a simple functional language with custom algebraic data types (ADTs), and evaluate the tiny structure editors produced by TSE on a selection of existing and custom toString functions.
Low-Power Silicon Neurons, Axons, and Synapses

Power consumption is the dominant design issue for battery-powered electronic devices. Biologically-inspired sensory preprocessors may be an important component of portable computing devices that require real-world visual or auditory input. The silicon neural design style presented in (Mead, 1989; Andreou et al., 1991) naturally supports low-power VLSI design; in this design style, MOS transistors typically operate in the weak-inversion regime. The low-power performance of this design style is outstanding; for example, (Watts et al., 1991) reports on a 51-stage silicon cochlea, that computes all outputs in real time and consumes 11uW.