cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of ABT-263 on Intestinal Fibrosis in Human Myofibroblasts, Human Intestinal Organoids, and the Mouse Salmonella typhimurium Model.

Background Intestinal fibrosis and subsequent intestinal obstruction are common complications of Crohn's disease (CD). Current therapeutics combat inflammation, but no pharmacological therapy exists for fibrostenotic disease. Pathological persistence of activated intestinal myofibroblasts is a key driver of fibrosis in CD. In other organ systems, BH-3 mimetic drugs that affect Bcl-2 apoptotic pathways induce apoptosis in activated myofibroblasts and reduce fibrogenic gene expression, thereby reducing fibrosis. Methods We evaluated the proapoptotic and antifibrotic efficacy of several classes of BH-3 mimetics in 2 in vitro fibrogenesis models. The candidate molecule, ABT-263, was advanced to a 3-dimensional human intestinal organoid (HIO) model. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of ABT-263 was evaluated in the mouse Salmonella typhimurium intestinal fibrosis model. Results The BH-3 mimetics induced apoptosis, repressed fibrotic protein expression, and reduced fibrogenic gene expression in normal human intestinal myofibroblasts. The BH-3 mimetics that target Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl demonstrated the greatest efficacy in vitro. The ABT-199 and ABT-263 induced apoptosis and ameliorated fibrogenesis in the in vitro myofibroblast models. In the HIO model, ABT-263 inhibited fibrogenesis and induced apoptosis. In the mouse S. typhimurium model, dose-dependent reduction in macroscopic pathology, histological inflammation, inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression, and extracellular matrix protein expression indicated ABT-263 may reduce intestinal fibrosis. Conclusions In vitro, the antifibrotic efficacy of BH-3 mimetics identifies the Bcl-2 pathway as a druggable target and BH-3 mimetics as putative therapeutics. Reduction of inflammation and fibrosis in the mouse intestinal fibrosis model by ABT-263 indicates BH-3 mimetics as potential, novel antifibrotic therapeutics for Crohn's disease.
Emergent properties of microbial communities drive accelerated biogeochemical cycling in disturbed temperate forests

Despite ever-increasing availability of detailed information about microbial community structure, relationships of microbial diversity with ecosystem functioning remain unclear. We investigated these relationships at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, where past forest disturbances (e.g., clear-cut) have altered both ecosystem processes (e.g., increased N export) and microbial communities (e.g., increased bacterial diversity). We sampled soils from disturbed and adjacent reference forests, characterized resident microbial communities, and measured several microbial C-cycle and N-cycle process rates. Microbial communities from historically disturbed soils exhibited altered ecosystem functioning, including generally higher rates of C- and N-cycle processes. Disturbed soil microbial communities also exhibited altered ecosystem multifunctionality, a composite variable consisting of all measured process rates as well as extracellular enzyme activities. Although we found few relationships between ecosystem functions and microbial alpha diversity, all functions were correlated with microbial community composition metrics, particularly r:K strategist ratios of bacterial phyla. Additionally, for both ecosystem multifunctionality and specific processes (i.e., C- and N-mineralization), microbial metrics significantly improved models seeking to explain variation in process rates. Our work sheds light on the links between microbial communities and ecosystem functioning and identifies specific microbial metrics important for modeling ecosystem responses to environmental change.
Covid-19 and population mental health in perspective

COVID-19 was accompanied by an increase in common mood-anxiety disorders in populations worldwide. This increase is consistent with what has been observed after other prior large-scale disasters but is larger in scale, scope, and duration. This has important implications both for our understanding of population mental health, and for how we may mitigate the mental health consequences of large-scale events.
Placement of the pulmonary arterial catheter before anesthesia for cardiac surgery: Safe, intelligent, and appropriate use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring

Should one catheterize the pulmonary artery (PA) for cardiac surgery before or after induction of anesthesia? Issues of central importance to this question include (1) the patient’s preexisting hemodynamic abnormalities, (2) cardiovascular effects of anesthetic induction drugs, and (3) hemodynamic stress caused by laryngoscopy, cndotrachcal intubation, and PA catheter insertion. Some clinicians use the PA catheter immediately before anesthetic induction to detect and correct acute abnormalities in preload and ventricular function. This approach has been described as being partially responsible for decreased morbidity and mortality m patients with cardiovascular disease. Hemodynamic instability during induction has been reported with many of the common anesthetic induction agents, especially in patients with poor ventricular function. Since blood pressure is the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, accurate interpretation and treatment of hypotension are possible only when these variables are provided by vigorous use of the PA catheter. Early detection of myocardial ischemia is possible with examination of acute changes in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure tracing. However, the lack of such information can restrict even the best anesthetist. Insertion of the PA catheter in the awake patient can be accomplished effectively and with minimal risk, so long as good patient rapport, adequate premedication, and continuation of antiangmal medication until the time of surgery are assured. Preinduction placement of the PA catheter provides valuable, objective information for the cardiac anesthesiologist without incurring significant risk to the patient.
Radar bibliography for geoscientists

Bibliography on geological, agricultural, geographical, and related applications of side-looking airborne radar imagery
"If It Doesn't Play in Peoria…"

Charlotte Lewis died prematurely at age fifty-two. Lewis is not a household name in high school or intercollegiate basketball, yet she was a pioneer in many respects on the playground, in a high school gymnasium, a collegiate fieldhouse, the 1976 Olympics, and the Women’s Basketball League. Interviews with Lewis, her coaches, and her teammates provide the primary resources for this paper. As one of four African-American women on the inaugural women’s Olympic basketball team, as well as one of only seventy-six women to ever wear the Team USA basketball jersey, interest in Lewis should be more intense. Lewis deserves a louder, unified voice in how the history of women’s basketball in Illinois and the nation are remembered. Few have experienced the breadth of competition and the spectrum of success lived by Charlotte Lewis.
Anthropometric measures: poor predictors of body fat in children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy.

Aim This purpose of our study was to assess and compare anthropometric measures of adiposity and direct measurement of percentage body fat by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We also compared our results in children with CP with results from a national sample of typically developing children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Method Anthropometry and DXA were obtained from 58 participants with CP (25 females, 33 males; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III–V; mean age 13y 1mo [SD 3y], range 8–18y). Height was estimated from knee height, which was measured with knee height calipers; weight was measured on a sitting scale. The relation between percentage body fat measured by DXA and z-scores of each of the anthropometric measures (body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and mid-upper arm fat area) was assessed by linear models. Agreement analysis was performed to assess the ability of each anthropometric measure to predict percentage body fat by DXA. Results None of the anthropometric measures were adequately associated with percentage body fat by DXA. All anthropometric methods tended to underestimate percentage body fat in children with CP. Interpretation Single anthropometric measures do not perform well in predicting percentage body fat in children with or without CP. Further work is needed to develop clinically useful and simple assessments that will predict percentage body fat and to determine the relation between percentage body fat and health to guide clinical practice.
Scheduling Multiclass Packet Streams to Minimize Weighted Loss

We consider the problem of scheduling an arriving sequence of packets at a single server. Associated with each packet is a deadline by which the packet must be scheduled. Each packet belongs to one of a predetermined set of classes, and each class has an associated weight value. The goal is to minimize the total weighted value of the packets that miss their deadlines. We first prove that there is no policy that minimizes this weighted loss for all finite arrival sequences of packets. We then present a class of greedy scheduling policies, called the current-minloss throughput-optimal (CMTO) policies. We characterize all CMTO policies, and provide examples of easily implementable CMTO policies. We compare CMTO policies with a multiclass extension of the earliest-deadline-first (EDF) policy, called EDF+, establishing that a subclass of CMTO policies achieves no more weighted loss than EDF+ for any traffic sequence, and at the same time achieves a substantial weighted-loss advantage over EDF+ for some traffic sequences – this advantage is shown to be arbitrarily close to the maximum possible achievable advantage. We also provide empirical results to quantify the weighted-loss advantage of CMTO policies over EDF+ and the static-priority (SP) policy, showing an advantage exceeding an order of magnitude when serving heavy-tailed aggregations of MPEG traces.
Unfolding Lipid Metabolism

A transcription factor exhibits dual roles, regulating genes that respond to improperly folded proteins and genes that control lipid synthesis.
Designing a spatially aware, autonomous quadcopter using the android control sensor system

Gathering information for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) poses a risk to the human operators, namely the United States military and intelligence sectors. An autonomous drone that can perform advance ISR of enclosed spaces will significantly impact a variety of safety critical applications, including search and rescue. Current systems are limited to outdoor environments with access to global positioning systems (GPS) and are typically expensive, with custom engineering and proprietary interfaces. Our aim is to create indoor capability and utilize commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) subsystems to reduce cost and improve flexibility for diverse applications. The goal of this project is to develop a proof of concept design for a quadcopter that will create a map of an unknown, indoor space. We must develop a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for the quadcopter to create the map autonomously. The problem of both building a map of an unknown space and localizing within that space is termed SLAM. SLAM is frequently referred to as a chicken-and-egg problem, since accurate mapping requires knowledge of location, and vice versa. A SLAM algorithm must probabilistically relate environmental sensors and utilize a probabilistic motion model to converge to a most likely map of the environment and position of the robot. This project has four major parts: hardware, which includes integration of the sensors, quadcopter, and Android phone; command and control; the SLAM algorithm, which will run without a GPS; and a mobile application for viewing usable maps. We found both localization and mapping algorithms are adept at operating separately within a GPS obscured environment. Future steps include combining the localization and mapping algorithms into an optimized SLAM algorithm that will run efficiently on the Android phone.
Fundamental physics. Resistance of a perfect wire.

Intuition tells us that a wire without defects should have zero resistance. But in the real world all conductors, however perfect, have some resistance. A new study confirms that electrical contacts are the problem.
Action of the conformal group on steady state solutions to Maxwell’s equations and background radiation

The representation of the conformal group (PSU(2, 2)) on the space of solutions to Maxwell’s equations on the conformal compactification of Minkowski space is shown to break up into four irreducible unitarizable smooth Frechet representations of moderate growth. An explicit inner product is defined on each representation. The energy spectrum of each of these representations is studied and related to plane wave solutions. The steady state solutions whose luminosity (energy) satisfies Planck’s Black Body Radiation Law are described in terms of this analysis. The unitary representations have notable properties. In particular they have positive or negative energy, they are of type \(A_{\mathfrak{q}}(\lambda )\) and are quaternionic. Physical implications of the results are explained.
Parenteral fish oil monotherapy in the management of patients with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.

Objectives To update knowledge on the management of parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease (PNALD) and to review the clinical data on the use of parenteral fish oil for reversal of PNALD. Data Sources A literature review was conducted by searching the MEDLINE database (May 1, 2009) using the keywords parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease, fish oil, omega-3, Omegaven , and lipid emulsion . Study Selection All articles reporting clinical cases with the use of parenteral fish oil for management of PNALD. Data Extraction Three reviewers independently analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data of the articles. Data Synthesis Six case reports (10 patients) and 2 cohort studies (12 and 18 patients) were analyzed. Conclusions Fish oil–derived emulsions have been demonstrated to reverse preexisting PNALD and to prevent and treat essential fatty acid deficiency. Its ability to prevent PNALD is currently under investigation. Although the mechanism has yet to be fully understood, the advantages of fish oil–based lipid emulsions over soybean oil–based lipid emulsions seen to date suggest that fish oil–based emulsions would be better suited for use in long-term parenteral nutrition.
A systematic review of the impact of juvenile curfew laws on public health and justice outcomes

Context Automobile crashes cause more than 800,000 youth injuries and deaths each year. Other youth suffer the consequences from being either a perpetrator or victim of a crime. One type of law that has an effect on youth behavior is juvenile curfew laws. These laws restrict the times that youth may occupy public places or streets. We systematically reviewed studies evaluating the effectiveness of these laws to address the question: Can juvenile curfew laws be used to improve youth public health and juvenile justice outcomes? Evidence acquisition In 2013, we used a standardized set of keywords to search 24 databases for studies that evaluated effectiveness outcome measures of juvenile curfew laws. After applying the exclusion criteria and removing duplicate studies, 14 studies of juvenile curfews remained. Evidence synthesis Of the six studies examining the effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws on adverse youth health outcomes, five found a positive impact. Of the eight studies examining the effectiveness of curfew laws on juvenile crime and victimization, four found a positive impact. Conclusions The studies that found that juvenile curfew laws were effective at reducing adverse youth health outcomes (e.g., trauma transports); juvenile crime; and victimization were of higher quality (e.g., stronger methodologic approaches) than those finding no effects. However, given the limited number of studies and concerns with quality, we conclude that more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of juvenile curfew laws.
Connecting clusters of patient to drug responses of cell lines to suggest personalized therapeutics for breast cancer

Recent surge in genome-wide expression data from patient tumors and cell-lines in breast cancer, as well as response data of breast cancer cell-lines to many drugs, opens the opportunity for data integration approaches that can lead to better personalized therapeutics. Here we integrated such data to generate a tripartite network that connects clusters of patients to cell-lines, and cell-lines to drugs to suggest which drugs may work best for each cluster of patients. We combined gene expression profiles from 400 patient tumor samples from two independent publicly-available studies, with gene expression and drug growth-inhibition-response profiles of 31 breast cancer cell-lines to build this tripartite network.
High-dose ketoconazole (HD-KNZ) in the initial treatment of leucopenic patients with fever

4. Fay IT, Schow SR (1968) A possible case of Maffucci's syndrome. J Oral Surg 26 : 739-744 5. Graetz I (1928) l)ber einen Fall yon sogenannter ,,totaler halbseitiger Krrperhypertrophie". Z Kinderheilkd 45 : 381403 6. Granges Y (1973) Apropos d'un cas in6dit de syndrome polymalformatif avec gigantisme partiel des extrrmitrs. Etude comparative de 100 cas de syndrome de Mafucci. Thrse, Lausanne 7. Horton WA (1971) Klippel-TrrnaunayWeber syndrome. Case 2. In Bergsma D (ed) Part XII "Skin, Hair and Nails". Baltimore, Williams a Wilkins for the National Foundation March of Dimes, BD: OAS VII (8) : 316-318 8. Kontras StB (1974) Case report 19. Syndrome Identification (March of Dimes) II. 2:1-3 9. Marcaillou A (1975) Contribution l'6tude des drformations vertdbrales dans les dysplasies osseuses (Dysplasies spondylo-rpiphysaires essentiellement). A propos de 49 observations dont 47 au Centre des Massues. Th~se, Lyon 10. Moore BH (1942) Maerodactyly and associated peripheral nerve changes. J Bone Jt Surg 24: 617~531 11. Romestan-Boutin E (1982) La mdgaspondylodysplasie. Apropos de 14 observations dont 6 au Centre de Massues. Thrse, Lyon 12. Wiedemann H-R, Burgio GR, Aldenhoff P, Kunze J, Kaufmann JH, Schirg E (1983) Partial gigantism of the hands and/ or feet, nevi, hemihypertrophy, subcutaneous tumors, macrocephaly or other skull anomalies and possible accelerated growth and visceral affections. Eur J Pediatr 140 : 5-12
Redistributive Taxation, Self‐Ownership and the Fruit of Labour

Libertarians such as Nozick have argued that any redistributive tax scheme intended to achieve and maintain an egalitarian distributive pattern will violate self-ownership. Furthermore, since self-ownership is a central component of the idea of freedom, instituting an egalitarian distribution makes a society less rather than more free. All this turns on the claim, accepted by both libertarians and their critics, that a redistributive tax will violate self-ownership because it must expropriate the fruit of a person’s labour. I show here that there is no reason to accept this claim. The libertarian argument works only if the fruit of one’s labour must be understood to include everything that a person produces through his labour. But there is an alternative reading of the fruit of labour which identifies it with that subset of the total product of one’s labour which is due to his choices rather than luck. I argue that this reading is plausible, that there is nothing in the concept of self-ownership which disallows it, and that if it is adopted, a redistributive tax need not automatically expropriate the fruit of one’s labour. Consequently there is no necessary inconsistency between redistributive taxation and self-ownership, and so egalitarians can endorse the latter idea.
Right Answers, Wrong Questions: Environmental Justice as Urban Research:

Environmental justice, a term that incorporates 'environmental racism' and 'environmental classism,' captures the idea that different racial and socioeconomic groups experience differential access to environmental quality. This article explores what previous studies have established about environmental justice as an urban phenomenon and critiques the focus and methodologies of those efforts within the larger context of urban inquiry. After assaying the concepts that have guided most of the research, the paper considers the arguments that analysts have offered for the causes of environmental injustice. The review of the literature reveals significant problems of focus, measurement, specification and research design. Nonetheless, environmental justice research raises critical concerns about how citizens should be treated and what constitutes a just distribution of collective urban goods in a democratic society. It is the authors' view that due consideration of these matters can enlighten urban and environme...
Molecular packing of cord factor and its interaction with phosphatidylinositol in mixed monolayers

Cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, CF) is a glycolipid located in the outer mycobacterial cell wall that is implicated in the pathogenesis of mycobacteria. Furthermore, CF is a convenient model for studying mycolic acid residues, the major lipid constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall that are believed to form a barrier against drug penetration. The surface properties of CF and its interactions with phosphatidylinositol (PI) have been investigated using the monolayer technique. During compression/expansion/recompression cycles, CF monolayers switch from a loosely packed to a more tightly packed structure. The change in surface properties suggests a molecular rearrangement, perhaps involving interdigitation of long and short chains of the CF molecules. In CF-PI monolayers, maximal lateral packing density occurs between 0.5 and 0.7 mole fraction CF, which is close to the relative composition of mycolic acid residues and shorter-chain lipids in the mycobacterial cell wall. Low concentrations of CF increase the order in PI monolayers, consistent with CF toxicity involving rigidification of cell membranes.
Heuristics for scheduling flexible flow lines

Abstract The scheduling problem of a flow shop with parallel machines at each stage is an extension of the well known single-line flow shop problem. The purpose of this paper is to present heuristics for solving such flow shop scheduling problems in which parallel machines are assumed. Three heuristics are given in this paper. The computational results show that a combined approach solved the problem quite effectively.
American Board of Radiology computer test center.

In 1997, the American Board of Radiology (ABR) determined to develop a computer-based examination and to create a test center for administration of computer-based examinations. In implementation of its plan, the Board has developed a flexible examination platform, well-adapted to the graphics needs of an image-based examination, and at the same time, compatible with test centers being developed by other medical specialty boards in terms of hardware, software and candidate surroundings. A test center for secure proctored examination of up to 33 candidates has been created at the Board’s headquarters in Tucson, AZ. The decision of the ABR to employ computer-based testing as a part of its recertification process represents an important step of significance to the entire field of radiology, embracing methods that are rapidly becoming integral to the practice of radiology in the acquisition, display, and management of diagnostic imaging information.
Ethnic differences in anemia among patients with diabetes mellitus: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

To examine ethnic differences in hemoglobin testing practices and to test the hypothesis that ethnicity is an independent predictor of anemia among patients with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a panel study to assess the rate of hemoglobin testing during 1999-2001 and the period prevalence and incidence of anemia among 79,985 adults with diabetes mellitus receiving care within Kaiser Permanente of Northern California. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin /=70 years of age or with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). In multivariable models, blacks had higher and Asians had lower odds of prevalent anemia and hazard ratios of incident anemia compared with whites. Within a large, diverse cohort with diabetes, ethnicity was predictive of anemia, even after adjustment for age, level of kidney function, and other potential confounders. Blacks with diabetes are at increased risk of anemia relative to whites. These differences may account for some of the observed ethnic disparities in diabetes complications.
Neural representations of airflow in Drosophila mushroom body.

The Drosophila mushroom body (MB) is a higher olfactory center where olfactory and other sensory information are thought to be associated. However, how MB neurons of Drosophila respond to sensory stimuli other than odor is not known. Here, we characterized the responses of MB neurons to a change in airflow, a stimulus associated with odor perception. In vivo calcium imaging from MB neurons revealed surprisingly strong and dynamic responses to an airflow stimulus. This response was dependent on the movement of the 3rd antennal segment, suggesting that Johnston's organ may be detecting the airflow. The calyx, the input region of the MB, responded homogeneously to airflow on. However, in the output lobes of the MB, different types of MB neurons responded with different patterns of activity to airflow on and off. Furthermore, detailed spatial analysis of the responses revealed that even within a lobe that is composed of a single type of MB neuron, there are subdivisions that respond differently to airflow on and off. These subdivisions within a single lobe were organized in a stereotypic manner across flies. For the first time, we show that changes in airflow affect MB neurons significantly and these effects are spatially organized into divisions smaller than previously defined MB neuron types.
Local polarizability, structure, and charge-transfer in High-Tc superconductors

Using 2-band Peierls-Hubbard cluster and chain models, we illustrate the importance of polarizability and coupled charge-lattice-spin effects in complex electronic materials.
Guided assembly of quantum dots through selective laser heating

Abstract We report the self-assembly of InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) grouped along lines on semiconductor surfaces. Nanoscale spatial thermal modulations were created in-situ on strained-but-flat InGaAs surfaces in a Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth chamber by employing interferential irradiations of high power laser pulses. As-irradiated surfaces were examined using an attached ultra-high vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). STM images indicate that the irradiation induces self-assembly of QDs. The average size of laser-induced QDs is smaller while their density is larger than that of QDs formed by the typical Stranski–Krastanov (S–K) growth mode. Furthermore, the dot density is modulated sinusoidally with a periodicity commensurate with that of the interference, which suggests that the placement of QDs can be controlled on the scale of the optical wavelength used.
The Role of Physical Affordances in Multifunctional Mobile Device Design

As designers of mobile/media-rich devices continue to incorporate more features/functionality, the evolution of interfaces will become more complex. Meanwhile, users cognitive models must be aligned with new device capabilities and corresponding physical affordances. In this paper, the authors argue that based on HCI design theory, users approach objects by building mental models starting with physical appearance. Findings suggest that users who embrace a device's multifunctionality are prevented from taking full advantage of an array of features due to an apparent cognitive constraint caused by a lack of physical controls. The authors submit that this problem stems from established mental models and past associated behaviors of both mobile and non-mobile interactive devices. In conclusion, users expressed a preference for immediate access and use of certain physical device controls within a multi-tasking environment, suggesting that as mobile computing becomes more prevalent, physical affordances in multifunctional devices may remain or increase in importance.
Kinesin heavy chain from bovine brain and Drosophila appear to be highly homologous molecules

A microtubule-enriched fraction was prepared from bovine white matter, and kinesin and other microtubule-associated proteins were extracted from taxol-stabilized microtubules by homogenization and ultracentrifugation in the presence of nucleotides (guanosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphate). The kinesin-enriched fractions were subjected to preparative SDS-PAGE, and the band representing the kinesin heavy chain was excised, homogenized, and subjected to partial enzymatic digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Four peptides were selected for sequence analysis and compared to the previously published sequence for the Drosophila kinesin heavy chain (Yang JT, Laymon RA, Goldstein LSB, Cell 56:879-889, 1989). All four peptides matched closely with portions of the Drosophila sequence corresponding to the central, alpha-helical domain. Total amino acid composition analysis of bovine kinesin heavy chain also reveals a high degree of homology to the Drosophila sequence.
Mother–Son Positive Synchrony in Middle Childhood: Relation to Antisocial Behavior

The aim of the present investigation was to examine mother–son positive synchrony and its link to child and best friend antisocial behavior in middle childhood. Data were collected from 122 families with 10-year-old children during home assessments. Positive synchrony was rated during a parent–child discussion task. Data were also gathered on parent–child openness and conflict, harsh discipline, parental monitoring, and the child's social information processing. Four domains of child adjustment were assessed: antisocial behavior (ages 8 and 10), best friend antisocial behavior (ages 8 and 10), social skills (age 10), and anxiety/depression (age 10). The results indicated that observed positive synchrony was related significantly to measures tapping parenting, parent–child conflict, and child social information processing, as well as to youth and best friend antisocial behavior. The associations between synchrony and antisocial behavior remained significant after controlling for prior youth adjustment and other child and parenting factors. Developmental implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Compared to purpurinimides, the pyropheophorbide containing an iodobenzyl group showed enhanced PDT efficacy and tumor imaging (124I-PET) ability.

Two positional isomers of purpurinimide, 3-[1′-(3-iodobenzyloxyethyl)] purpurin-18-N-hexylimide methyl ester 4, in which the iodobenzyl group is present at the top half of the molecule (position-3), and a 3-(1′-hexyloxyethy)purpurin-18-N-(3-iodo-benzylimide)] methyl ester 5, where the iodobenzyl group is introduced at the bottom half (N-substitued cyclicimide) of the molecule, were derived from chlorophyll-a. The tumor uptake and phototherapeutic abilities of these isomers were compared with the pyropheophorbide analogue 1 (lead compound). These compounds were then converted into the corresponding 124I-labeled PET imaging agents with specific activity >1 Ci/μmol. Among the positional isomers 4 and 5, purpurinimide 5 showed enhanced imaging and therapeutic potential. However, the lead compound 1 derived from pyropheophorbide-a exhibited the best PET imaging and PDT efficacy. For investigating the overall lipophilicity of the molecule, the 3-O-hexyl ether group presnt at position-3 of purpurinimide 5 was re...
Silver in the western equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean

Vertical profiles of total dissolved (<0.22 μm) silver concentrations in the equatorial and southwest Atlantic Ocean provide a new perspective on the processes controlling the element's external fluxes and internal biogeochemical cycling in the World Ocean. Atmospheric inputs of natural and/or industrial aerosols appear to elevate silver concentrations in remote surface waters in the South Atlantic, where silver is effectively scavenged onto and/or bioaccumulated by plankton. The subsequent remobilization of silver with depth is relatively coincident with that of silicate, suggesting much of that silver is sequestered within a refractory organic phase associated with biogenic silica. That silver is then remineralized, and appears to be conservatively transported in subsurface water masses throughout the World Ocean.
Intraocular microsurgery with a picosecond Nd:YAG laser.

We investigated the use of picosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses for intraocular microsurgery. With a pulse duration of 100 picoseconds, only 70 μJ of pulse energy is required to consistently produce optical breakdown in the deep vitreous. This pulse energy is nearly two orders of magnitude less than the typical pulse energies used in conventional (nanosecond) photodisruptors. The reduced pulse energy results in a smaller zone of tissue damage, an important consideration when operating close to the retina or other sensitive ocular structures. Efficient cutting action is achieved by applying multiple pulses at a moderately high repetition rate of 50–200 Hz. An in vitro model was developed to assess axial confinement of picosecond photodisruption. In vivo vitreous membrane surgery was performed in experimental rabbit eyes to demonstrate a potential clinical application of picosecond laser—induced optical breakdown. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, inc.
Random Convection Under Conditions of Weightlessness

The nature of the transport process between a fluid and its enclosing surface is considered in the presence of random disturbances and, in particular, for conditions likely to prevail in space devices. The argument is developed that disturbances normally present in the motion of such devices may result in relatively effective transport mechanisms. On the basis of assumptions regarding the nature of the disturbances and their mode of occurrence, a number of circumstances are analyzed. The resulting transport rates generally are much greater than would be calculated for the process that would be expected in the absence of all disturbances. Nomenclature cp = specific heat F = arc/s2, the disturbance Fourier number Fo = O.T/X2 or ar/r2, Fourier number h = surface (or convection) coefficient hfg ~ latent heat of vaporization k = thermal conductivity m" = mass rate of condensation/unit area n = positive integer in the probability distribution Nu = hs/k, Nusselt number, where k is the thermal conductivity of the fluid q" = rate of heat transfer/unit area Q = amount of heat transferred Q" = amount of heat transferred/unit area s = significant dimension t = temperature y = F/Fm Y = thickness of a condensate film a — thermal diffusivity 0 = temperature excess (t — t«>) p = fluid density T = time Subscripts
A novel forecasting approach inspired by human memory: The example of short-term traffic volume forecasting

Short-term traffic volume forecasting represents a critical need for Intelligent Transportation Systems. This paper develops a novel forecasting approach inspired by human memory, called the spinning network (SPN). The approach is then used for short-term traffic volume forecasting, utilizing a data set compiled from real-world traffic volume data obtained from the Hampton Roads traffic operations center in Virginia. To assess the accuracy of the SPN approach, its performance is compared to two other approaches, namely a back propagation neural network and a nearest neighbor approach. The transferability of the SPN approach and its ability to forecast for longer time periods into the future is also assessed. The results of the performance testing conducted in this paper demonstrates the superior predictive accuracy and drastically lower computational requirements of the SPN compared to either the neural network or the nearest neighbor approach. The tests also confirm the ability of the SPN to predict traffic volumes for longer time periods into the future, as well as the transferability of the approach to other sites.
Reversible transinsular herniation of the lateral ventricle

We present a 7-year-old boy, with a history of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, leading to hydrocephalus with multiple shunt revisions. The current presentation of shunt failure and resultant hydrocephalus was complicated by herniation of the trigone of the lateral ventricle into the posterior fossa. Despite the dramatic radiological appearance, this herniation of the lateral ventricle was not accompanied by any additional clinical signs or symptoms other than those usually attributed to hydrocephalus. Following successful shunt revision, the patient returned to his baseline clinically with the trigone reverting back to its normal position. We also present a second companion case.
The localisation model of rubber elasticity. II

The effect of the spatial localization of a network chain by surrounding chains is incorporated into the chain probability distribution function and the network free energy is then calculated using the statistical mechanical formalism for constrained systems. In addition to a term having the classical ‘Gaussian’ form, the resulting expression contains another term which depends on both the cross-link density of the network and the plateau modulus of the uncross-linked melt.
Freezability of Bull Semen in Centrifuged or Dialyzed and Reconstituted Buffered Egg Yolk Extenders

Abstract Bull spermatozoa were frozen with equal success in a 0.25 m Tris-buffered extender containing either the supernatant or precipitated portion of centrifuged egg yolk. Washing the precipitate with distilled water to remove additional ions and other water-soluble materials had little effect on the osmotic pressure of the washed egg yolk precipitate reconstituted with Tris, but viability of spermatozoa both before and after freezing was reduced. Egg yolk was dialyzed against distilled water until the Na and K levels were reduced to 12 and 10 μg per ml, respectively. Different proportions of dialyzed and non-dialyzed egg yolk were combined with Tris buffer, and sperm cell survival following freezing was higher than in the Tris-yolk control (P
A RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN THE CLOTTING OF BLOOD PLASMA AND THE BREAKDOWN OF CYTOPLASM.

THE urge to regard vertebrate blood plasma as a descendant of protozoon cytoplasm is an old one. It is supported by discovery of various similarities between the clotting of plasma when shed, and that of cytoplasm when extruded. Both need calcium ions, yield similar (thromboplastin) enzymes, are accelerated by thrombin and in some cases inhibited by heparin1.
Likelihood Ratio-Based Confidence Intervals in Survival Analysis

Abstract Confidence intervals for the survival function and the cumulative hazard function are considered. These confidence intervals are based on an inversion of the likelihood ratio statistic. To do this, two extensions of the likelihood, each of which yields meaningful likelihood ratio hypothesis tests and subsequent confidence intervals, are considered. The choice of the best extension is difficult. In the failure time setting, the binomial extension is best in constructing confidence intervals concerning the survival function and the Poisson extension is best in constructing confidence intervals concerning the cumulative hazard. Simulations indicate that these two methods perform as well as or better than competitors based on the asymptotic normality of the estimator.
Motion of two holes in a quantum antiferromagnet.

Utilisation d'une theorie des perturbations auto-coherente pour obtenir les equations d'integrales couplees pour l'auto-energie et l'amplitude d'appariement des deux trous dans le modele t-J. Dans la limite d'Ising et pour J/t→0, une solution approximee de ces equations est en accord avec le mouvement coherent de 2 trous en restant dans des sites adjacents et en minimisant le nombre de liaisons d'echange brisees
Laser-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition of High Purity Aluminum

The laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) of aluminum metal has been achieved via the pyrolytic decomposition of trimethylamine aluminum hydride (TMAAH). This material is a volatile, crystalline solid which is non-pyrophoric, in contrast to many other aluminum precursors. Laser-driven pyrolysis of TMAAH enables the selective deposition of high purity, highly conducting aluminum deposits. The volatility of the TMAAH precursor is directly responsible for the rapid rates of aluminum deposition and permits rapid scan velocities to be utilized. The relationship between the chemical structure of TMAAH and the high purity of the aluminum deposits is described.
GCOD - GeneChip Oncology Database

Background DNA microarrays have become a nearly ubiquitous tool for the study of human disease, and nowhere is this more true than in cancer. With hundreds of studies and thousands of expression profiles representing the majority of human cancers completed and in public databases, the challenge has been effectively accessing and using this wealth of data.
Seasonal influence of ENSO on the Atlantic ITCZ and equatorial South America

[1] In late boreal spring, especially May, a strong relationship exists in observations among precipitation anomalies over equatorial South America and the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), and eastern equatorial Pacific and central equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA). A chain of correlations of equatorial Pacific SSTA, western equatorial Atlantic wind stress (WEA), equatorial Atlantic SSTA, sea surface height, and precipitation supports a causal chain in which El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) induces WEA stress anomalies, which in turn affect Atlantic equatorial ocean dynamics. These correlations show strong seasonality, apparently arising within the atmospheric links of the chain. This pathway and the influence of equatorial Atlantic SSTA on South American rainfall in May appear independent of that of the northern tropical Atlantic. Brazil's Nordeste is affected by the northern tropical Atlantic. The equatorial influence lies further to the north over the eastern Amazon and the Guiana Highlands.
Density, Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions of Propylene Glycol, Dipropylene Glycol, and Tripropylene Glycol between 290 K and 460 K

The density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of propylene glycol + water, dipropylene glycol + water, and tripropylene glycol + water mixtures were measured at temperatures ranging from 290 K to 460 K and concentrations ranging from 25 mol % glycol to 100 mol % glycol. Our data generally agreed with the limited data available in the literature and were correlated using empirical expressions, the modified rough hard-sphere model, and the generalized corresponding states principle (GCSP). The GCSP method, with two adjustable parameters for each property, offers the potential for judicious extrapolation of density and transport property data for all glycol + water mixtures.
A methodology for realistic space launch risk estimation using information-fusion-based metric

In light of the significant changes being observed in the US space industry, in terms of the increase share of commercial launches, the development of inland spaceports, and the emergence of new vehicle designs and propulsion systems, there is need to reassess launch safety. In this paper, several issues related to space launch safety are reviewed, one in particular being the use, as the main the safety metric, of the mean collective risk to the general public, also known as the expectation of casualties. A new, decision level, information-fusion-based metric is proposed, and through a detailed case study, its merit in terms of the quality and quantity of information it generates is illustrated. The need for a new metric is here advocated as a critical first step toward the necessary transition from a risk avoidance philosophy to space launch safety to a risk management philosophy.
Team resource management participant's handbook for the atomic vapor laser isotope separation program

The goal of any operation is to complete tasks efficiently and effectively. Working safely is completely consistent with efficient, reliable operations. Working in an unsafe manner is not effective or ultimately efficient. If someone is hurt, work stops. Following the steps advocated by Team Resource Management (TRM) leads to more safe, efficient, effective work habits. TRM is a method used by teams (i.e., leaders and workers) to conduct technical business. It is used by the aviation industry to improve reliability and safety through formalizing the way it does business. High reliability organizations do exist. They conduct thousands of high-consequence operations a year, essentially error-free. Naval air carriers, air traffic control, and commercial aviation are some of these kinds of organizations. How did they get that way? What kinds of people staff them? Can we become a high reliability organization? This workshop will look at these questions. When we are done, it will be up to you to determine if we have the right stuff. The goals of this workshop are to: Describe Team Resource Management and its purpose; Describe Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) and their role in predicting and managing team performance and errors; Describe the principles for managing human error; Describe TRM�s 12 rules-of-thumb (the �Dirty Dozen�) and use of safety nets; Conduct Operational Risk Management (ORM); Demonstrate ways to keep TRM working.