cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some dimensions of Asiatic family: a quantitative evaluation.

This paper is derived from analysis of part of the data obtained for development of "A Scale to Measure Jointness of Families in India." It discusses some of the dimensions of jointness of a sample of 118 Asiatic Indian families of children studying in 2 schools in Ahmedabad India. These dimensions are 1) jointness in residence and 2) jointness in visits. Family types of 118 respondents were classified into "nuclear" "extended" "joint family" and "broken family." Incidence of each of the above 4 family types among various socioeconomic classes and types of relatives living in extended families were considered. Some findings are 1) 2 or more conjugal units reside together in a joint family in about 1 out of 4 cases; 2) 1 or more relatives reside with a conjugal unit in about 1 out of 4 cases; 3) about 1 out of 3 nonresidential family units is visited once or more per week while about 1 out of 10 and 1 out of 6 nonresidential units are visited once a fortnight and once a month respectively; and 4) a significant number of out-of-station visits occurred where relatives stay and take meals in one anothers households. (authors)
The Effects of Autologous Plasma on Human Lymphocyte Transformation

SummaryAutologous plasma was demonstrated both to sustain and inhibit human lymphocyte transformation in vitro. A plasma concentration of less than 1% was unable to adequately sustain PHA-induced transformation. However, by careful adjustments of PHA concentration, a plasma concentration of from 1 to 10% yielded optimum PHA-induced stimulation in the subjects tested. Optimum plasma levels were higher (10–25%) for candida-stimulated and for unstimulated lymphocyte transformation. Sub-optimum stimulation resulted when greater concentrations of plasma than the optimum were employed regardless of the stimulant. Considerable variation occurs between normal individuals in autologous plasma suppression of in vitro lymphocyte transformation.
The Memory of Jesus' Death and the Worship of the Risen Lord

On the Ides of March of the year 44 BCE, the dictator of Rome, Julius Caesar, was assassinated. Nobody knew whether this would reconstitute the Roman Republic of old or would only usher in a new period of civil war like the one that had devastated not only Rome and Italy but also the provinces for many decades before Caesar's ascendancy to sole power.
Tunable diode IRRAS study of CO on Pt(111)

Tunable diode laser spectroscopy offers unique advantages for high resolution infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) studies of monolayers on single crystal surfaces. Its greatest potentials lie in analyses of lineshapes less than 1 cm (FWHM), for resolving narrow features on absorption peaks, and for in situ solid-liquid interfacial studies, where high intensity is often required. Other IRRAS techniques introduce instrumental broadening sufficient to create considerable uncertainty in the intrinsic linewidth of very narrow peaks, and can mask sharp features. Using isolated or single mode output from a diode laser source provides resolution of iO3 cm, and thereby eliminates the need for instrumental deconvolution. However, the signal-to-noise (SIN) ratio is generally lower for spectra obtained with diode sources than with Fr-JR techniques, so that the most important applications using diode lasers have been studies of strong scatterers, such as CO on Pt(1 1 1). For this study, linewidths were measured for the C-O stretch mode for the ontop site of CO adsorbed at saturation coverage on a Pt(1 1 1) single crystal using diode laser sources. The measured linewidth at 100 K, using isolated modes, was 2.3 0.3 cm. The linewidth at 0 K was estimated to be 2.0 0.4 cm from variation of linewidths with temperature. Using the uncertainty principle, the 0 K linewidth corresponds to a lifetime of 2.7 0.6 ps, in reasonable agreement with recent lifetime measurements using time-resolved techniques.
Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant Overview. Part II: A Utility Perspective

The Solar One Pilot Plant has been connected to the grid since April 1982 and has been operated and maintained by personnel of the Southern California Edison Company. The plant’s operation has demonstrated the technical viability of the central receiver concept. Required staffing levels, environmental impacts, operating and maintenance costs, weather effects, mirror soiling rates, and auxiliary power consumptions rates have all been documented over a two year test and evaluation period. The results from this period generally have met or exceeded expectations. The plant now commences a three year power production phase to evaluate the plant’s performance as a utility generation resource.
Association between Achilles tightness and lower extremity injury in children

Background It is unclear whether isolated gastroc/soleus tightness can increase the risk of lower extremity injury in an otherwise healthy child.
Genome-Scale Probe and Primer Design with PRIMEGENS

This chapter introduces the software package PRIMEGENS for designing gene-specific probes and associated PCR primers on a large scale. Such design is especially useful for constructing cDNA or oligo microarray to minimize cross-hybridization. PRIMEGENS can also be used for designing primers to amplify a segment of a unique target gene using reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR. The input to PRIMEGENS is a set of sequences, whose primers need to be designed, and a sequence pool containing all the genes in a genome. It provides options to choose various parameters. PRIMEGENS uses a systematic algorithm for designing gene-specific probes and its primer pair. For a given sequence, PRIMEGENS first searches for the longest gene-specific fragment and then designs best PCR product for this fragment. The 2.0 version of PRIMEGENS provides a graphical user interface (GUI) with additional features. The software is freely available for any users and can be downloaded from http://digbio.missouri.edu/primegens/.
The Need for a Rational Approach to Vasoconstrictive Syndromes: Transcranial Doppler and Calcium Channel Blockade in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome.

Introduction: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) typically affects young patients and left untreated can result in hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. Though the disorder has been well characterized in the literature, the most appropriate way to diagnose, treat, and evaluate therapeutic response remains unclear. In previous studies, transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) has shown elevated velocities indicative of vasospasm. This imaging modality is noninvasive and inexpensive; an attractive option for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring if it is sensitive enough to detect changes in the acute setting given that RCVS often affects the distal vessels early in the course of disease. There is also limited data that calcium channel blockade may be effective in treating vasospasm secondary to RCVS, though the agent of choice, formulation, and dose are unclear. Methods: We report a small cohort of seven patients presenting with thunderclap headache whose vascular imaging was consistent with RCVS. All were treated with calcium channel blockade and monitored with TCD performed every 1–2 days. Results: On presentation, TCD correlated with standard neuroimaging findings of vasospasm (on MR, CT, and conventional angiography). TCD was also able to detect improvement in velocities in the acute setting that correlated well with initiation of calcium channel blockade. Long-acting verapamil appeared to have the greatest effect on velocities compared to nimodipine and shorter-acting calcium channel blockers. Conclusion: Though small, our cohort demonstrates potential utility of TCD to monitor RCVS, and relative superiority of extended-release verapamil over other calcium channel blockers, illustrating the need for larger randomized trials.
Negative responses to disclosure of sexual victimization and victims' symptoms of PTSD and depression: the protective role of ethnic identity

College-aged women experience high rates of sexual victimization. Their postassault symptoms are associated with the types of responses they receive from the people to whom they disclose these experiences. Negative responses are pervasive and associated with poorer outcomes. The current study examined whether a strong sense of ethnic identity and comfort with the mainstream culture moderate the association between negative responses to the first disclosure of sexual victimization and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. A diverse sample (10% Black/African American, 51% White, 39% Other, and 66% Hispanic) of undergraduate women was recruited from two urban, Eastern United States universities for this online study. Participants reported histories of sexual victimization, demographics, responses to sexual assault disclosure (i.e., victim blame, treating the victim differently, taking control, distraction, and egocentric reactions), symptoms of PTSD and depression, and their ethnic...
Preliminary Survey Analysis in Participatory Design: Repositioning, Transferring, and Personal Care Robots

Robotic aids can perform repositioning, transferring, and personal care tasks and increase independence of persons who have reduced motor functionality. Our goal is to develop robotic aids by actively involving the target population, their caregivers, family members, and friends early in the design process to increase user acceptability through participatory design. We conducted a survey to explore the needs for robotic aids and to evaluate the perceived pros and cons of prototypes that we have designed and built-in simulation. Topic Modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used to detect trends and characteristics from the open-ended survey questions. This information will help us interpret the survey responses to increase usability and acceptance when building a physical robot.
The Use of Direct Spelling Instruction for Children With Language Impairment

Children with language impairment frequently struggle with written language skills such as spelling. With their expertise in language, speech-language pathologists are in the position to promote th...
Posterolateral intertransverse lumbar arthrodesis in the New Zealand White rabbit model: I. Surgical anatomy.

Abstract Background context The New Zealand White rabbit model for posterolateral lumbar fusion is commonly used for spinal fusion research. However, the high rate of animal morbidity and mortality associated with the model makes experimentation inefficient and can lead to faulty data analysis. Operative complications are in part the result of inadequate knowledge of normal rabbit lumbar spine anatomy. Purpose To describe the lumbar spine anatomy of the New Zealand White rabbit as it pertains to the surgical technique of posterolateral intertransverse arthrodesis. Study design/setting This is a descriptive anatomical study of the lumbar spine (and related structures) of the New Zealand White rabbit spinal fusion model. The study was performed at a university research facility. Methods The lumbar spine and associated soft tissue structures of 16 previously sacrificed, skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits were dissected and examined. Results The musculoskeletal and neurologic structures relevant to posterolateral lumbar fusion in the New Zealand White rabbit are described. Conclusions Specific knowledge of rabbit lumbar spine anatomy allows the researcher to more rapidly acquire expertise in the surgical technique of posterolateral arthrodesis. Improved technical execution of the procedure should lower the complication rate, reduce the costs of experimentation and lead to more reliable and reproducible results.
Investigating the Determinants and Effects of Local Drought Awareness

AbstractLiterature in environmental public opinion has recently focused on the linkages between biophysical conditions and opinion formation. Where environmental issues and weather are more severe, individuals have been shown to have greater perception of environmental risk and greater support for environmental protection. Perceptions, however, do not always reflect actual weather, and perceptions may actually matter more when it comes to the formation of opinions. This paper explores this possibility in the context of drought, examining what variables determine individual awareness of drought and further exploring how drought awareness influences risk perception and policy preferences. Using data from two nationally representative probability-based panel surveys, as well as data from the U.S. Drought Monitor, the analysis indicates that while drought severity is the largest predictor of drought awareness, ideological and demographic variables also play a role. Importantly, drought awareness is actually a...
THE FIRST-ORDER PREDICATE LOGIC: II

This chapter discusses first-order predicate logic or the functional calculus of first order. This logic contains the sentential logic within it as a proper part, in the sense that all reasoning that can be carried out within the sentential logic can also be carried out within the first-order predicate logic but not vice versa. Within the first-order predicate logic, the logical structure of formulas and of arguments can be presented considerably in detail than can be done within the sentential logic itself. Any system of logic that is satisfactory must enable to exhibit this difference. The first-order predicate logic as a formal system made its first appearance in Frege's Begriffsschrift. There is more than one way to set up the sentential logic, and there is more than one way to set up the first-order predicate logic also. A great variety of mathematical theories can be developed within the first-order predicate logic. Any formulation of the first-order predicate logic, which does not include predicate variables, such as the formulation F 1 , is often referred to as a simple applied first-order predicate logic. In addition, any mathematical theory stated within a simple applied first-order predicate logic is often referred to as an elementary theory or a theory with standard formalization.
Can Econometrics Rescue 'The Economics'?

Economists disagree; this is a matter of fact. Economics has an empirical methodology to verify whatever theories economists from different schools of thought advance in order to explain the economic phenomenon. This empirical methodology lends economists the confidence that most of the differences among them can be reconciled overtime by employing this methodology. If not today, future development either in economic theorization or estimation techniques may help them settle their internal conflicts. This paper argues that disagreements among economists are deeper than they are usually conceived of. These disagreements are spread over the entire spectrum of scientific theorization, i.e., explanation, prediction and control aspects of economics. Economists disagree neither because their understanding about economic functioning is imperfect nor because their econometric tool-kit of verifying their theories is limited; instead several deeply rooted reasons leave them divided on matters of economic theory and policy. It is argued that disagreements among economists are so deep that they become almost irreconcilable. Economics will continue as a rhetoric activity where different economists make use of authorities, stories, logic and metaphor to persuade each other.
Perforation and right ventricular outflow tract stenting: Alternative palliation for infants with pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect.

Background Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stents have been used as palliation in patients with severe tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Radiofrequency perforation of the RVOT has also been described in patients with pulmonary atresia (PA)/ventricular septal defect (VSD). However, RVOT stenting in conjunction with radiofrequency perforation as a means for establishing reliable pulmonary blood flow in patients with PA/VSD has not previously been reported. Objectives Our aim is to report our experience with using perforation of plate-like pulmonary valve atresia combined with stenting of RVOT as an alternative and equally efficacious intervention for infants with PA/VSD, as compared to a surgical pulmonary artery shunt (SPS). Methods A retrospective review of patients with PA/VSD at our institution from Jan 2006 to October 2015 was performed. Results Twenty-seven patients received palliation for PA/VSD. Five (median 2.5 kg, 2.1-4.1 kg) underwent RVOT stenting and 22 (3.5 kg, 2.1-4.6 kg) underwent surgical SPS. Of the patients who received an RVOT stent, 3 underwent guidewire perforation and balloon dilation of the plate-like pulmonary valve, and 2 underwent radiofrequency perforation of the pulmonary plate, followed by balloon dilation. Postprocedure saturations averaged 93% in the stent group and 89% in the shunt group. One of the patients who underwent RVOT stenting required additional stenting of the PDA for isolation of the LPA, but none required re-intervention. Four patients in the SPS cohort required re-intervention (18%). Two required stenting of the shunt, and 2 required surgical revision of the shunt. There was one death in the stent group, however this was secondary to withdrawal of support given an underlying genetic diagnosis (trisomy 13). There was one fatality in the SPS cohort prior to hospital discharge. Conclusions Perforation followed by RVOT stenting may be a safe and effective alternative to surgical SPS in infants with PA/VSD.
Paradigm and Promise: Life Design, Psychology of Working, and Decent Work

The 21st century has brought with it considerable change in the world of work across the globe. Recent events within professional organizations and the professional literature related to career development and counseling signal interesting opportunities to address the topic of decent work. The arrival of the Psychology of Working Theory along with other theories in recent years answers Savickas’s call for the renovation and reinvigoration of the study of careers. Scholarly efforts in advancing the paradigm of Life Design and those, more recently, to address the topic of Decent Work show promise for a new direction in theory and practice of career development and counseling. The authors identify two specific pieces of the Life Design paradigm they feel may prove useful in advancing career development and career counseling toward emerging horizons.
Œuf: minimizing the Coq extraction TCB

Verifying systems by implementing them in the programming language of a proof assistant (e.g., Gallina for Coq) lets us directly leverage the full power of the proof assistant for verifying the system. But, to execute such an implementation requires extraction, a large complicated process that is in the trusted computing base (TCB). This paper presents Œuf, a verified compiler from a subset of Gallina to assembly. Œuf’s correctness theorem ensures that compilation preserves the semantics of the source Gallina program. We describe how Œuf’s specification can be used as a foreign function interface to reason about the interaction between compiled Gallina programs and surrounding shim code. Additionally, Œufmaintains a small TCB for its front-end by reflecting Gallina programs to Œufsource and automatically ensuring equivalence using computational denotation. This design enabled us to implement some early compiler passes (e.g., lambda lifting) in the untrusted reflection and ensure their correctness via translation validation. To evaluate Œuf, we compile Appel’s SHA256 specification from Gallina to x86 and write a shim for the generated code, yielding a verified sha256sum implementation with a small TCB.
Differences in Self-reported Instructional Strategies Using a Dynamic Geometry Approach that Impact Students’ Conjecturing

This study inspected the relationships between self-reported implementation of instructional strategies using a dynamic geometry approach and the students’ engagement in making, testing, and proving conjectures Data collected includes a self-reported questionnaire given to all of the project’s participating high school geometry teachers, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the linear model, with proving conjectures as a response variable, indicate that students spent less time proving or disproving their conjectures when working alone regardless of whether they were in a regular or advanced level geometry class. Time spent making conjectures and testing conjectures were positively and significantly correlated with the frequency of teachers’ implementation of class discussions. Furthermore, giving instruction that prompted group work had a significant and positive correlation with students proving conjectures in Regular geometry classes.
P- and E-selectin

P- and E-selectin, commonly referred to as the “endothelial” selectins, were initially described and characterized in the mid-late 1980s. P-selectin was first identified in 1984, using antibodies raised against activated platelets [1, 2]. In these initial publications, P-selectin was described as a protein of molecular weight of approximately 140 000, which was not found on resting platelets, but showed up-regulated expression following activation with thrombin or other mediators. In a subsequent investigation, Stenberg et al. [3] referred to this protein as “granule membrane protein-140” (GMP-140) due to its localization in the a granules of unstimulated platelets. In this study, as well as another report by Berman et al. [4], P-selectin was shown to translocate from the a granules in platelets to the plasma membrane following activation. In this latter publication, P-selectin was termed “platelet activation-dependent granule-external membrane protein” (PADGEM; see Table 1 for a listing of the other common abbreviations and designations for P-and E-selectin). In 1989, this adhesion molecule was shown to be expressed on the surface of cultured human endothelial cells following stimulation with histamine, thrombin, C5b-9, and other activators, and stored in resting cells in the Weibel-Palade bodies [5, 6, 7, 8]. During this same year, a cDNA for P-selectin was cloned, and sequence analysis suggested a cysteine-rich protein similar to that reported for a new endothelialexpressed protein termed ELAM-1 (endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1; see below) [9, 10].
Health Services Research: What is It?: A Review of Health Services Research: An Anthology, Edited by K. L. White, J. Frenk, C. Ordoñez, J. M. Paganini, and B. Starfield, and Published by the Pan American Health Organization, 1992

This article reviews the hegemonic understanding of health services research in the United States and in the Anglo-Saxon world, taking as a point of reference the recently published PAHO anthology, Health Services Research: An Anthology (which contains the classics in health services research). The author outlines the main characteristics of health services research in the United States, and criticizes the focus on medical care of most health services research literature and the narrow spectrum of positions presented in that literature. He concludes that there is an urgent need for analyses of the socioeconomic and political forces that determine the level of health and the type of health services that exist in any society, analyses that are usually avoided in health services research.
The Sociology of Work and Well-Being

Work is a central activity and a principal source of identity for most adults, but it is also a frequent source of distress. In this chapter, I show that job-related distress – or its opposite, well-being – might be best understood by considering the way that several economic and social structures affect exposure and vulnerability to work stressors. The state of the economy, the way workers are linked to jobs, the nature of those jobs, the structures of social inequality, and the intersection of work with other social institutions, especially the family, affect job conditions including those that make jobs stressful. These job-related economic and social structures routinely and normatively affect well-being and thus illustrate how social conditions account for psychological outcomes.
STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB) ON CYTOCHROMES P-450 AND P-448 MEDIATED MICROSOMAL OXIDATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the stimulatory effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on cytochromes P-450 and P-448 mediated microsomal oxidations. In an experiment described in the chapter, a partially purified preparation of the hemeprotein induced in rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254 was prepared by the method of Lu and Levin and was carried through the calcium phosphate gel step of their method. The oxidized spectrum had a Soret band at 416 nm and absorption bands at about 537 and 568 nm. When the oxidized form was reduced with dithionite, the Soret peak shifted downward to 414 nm, and a broad peak was observed at around 550 nm. These spectra were very similar to what Lu and Levin had reported with their partially purified P-450 and P-448 preparations derived from PB and 3-MC treated rats, respectively. The CO-spectrum of the reduced hemeprotein showed a small peak at 422 nm and an absorption maximum of 448 nm. The peak at 422 nm may be because of the presence of contaminating amounts of cytochrome b5 or because of the presence of cytochrome P-420.
13-P: INCREASED RENAL TRANSPLANTS FOR SENSITIZED RECIPIENTS FOLLOWING VIRTUAL CROSSMATCH INTRODUCTION: ONE CENTER’S EXPIERIENCE

Aim The use of the Virtual Crossmatch (VC) strategy, implemented in 2009, has resulted in fewer positive crossmatches and more accurate identification of anti-HLA specificities or Calculated Percent Reactive Antibody (CPRA) generated by HLA antigen bead arrays. As a result of VC there has been an increase in renal transplantation of sensitized recipients utilizing both Deceased Cadaver Donor (DCD) and living donor kidneys. Methods We examined this increase and other indices at our center. The table below shows the results of this analysis over time [ Table 1 ]. Results We have demonstrated an increase from six to eleven sensitized recipient’s transplants from 2007 until 2011. In addition there was an increase in the CPRA for these patients from 57% to 85%. The increase in transplants and an increase in CPRA demonstrate the diagnostic power of the new anti-HLA Ab detection techniques to define an individual’s sanitization profile and select a suitable donor. The rejection incidence (%) has decreased while the number of patient on the wait list has increased. The rejection episode decrease may be due to improved anti HLA identification pre and post transplant. This decrease may also be a result of new induction, maintenance, and anti-rejection therapies used with donor specific anti-HLA monitoring in the management of these patients. The cause of the decrease in DCD workups is still under study, but may be the result of a more efficient donor selection process (VC). Conclusions In conclusion: 1) The use of the virtual crossmatch increased the number of renal transplants in sensitized recipients with fewer donor workups; 2) The CPRA for this sensitized group has also increased. 3) The rejection rate has decreased in this “virtual crossmatch era”.
The Study of Nutrition

Nutrition is the result of dietary practices after foods have been eaten, digested, and nutrients absorbed into the blood. It is the science of nourishing the body—the food that is eaten and the way that the body uses it. The nutrients in food are those chemical components of the food that perform one of three roles in the body: (1) to supply energy, (2) to regulate body processes, or (3) to promote the growth and repair of body tissue. People throughout life have need for the same nutrients but in different amounts. Therefore, the body is the product of nutrition. Heredity provides the blueprint for the body, and nutrition supplies the building materials. The science of nutrition is a relative youngster in the scientific field. However, at present, nutrition occupies an important place in a number of college and university curricula, including home economics, animal science, horticulture, medicine, and the allied health or paramedical fields. With the rapid advances in research, knowledge of nutrition is constantly expanded, and new interpretations and applications are presented. The primary source of this expansion in knowledge of nutrition is in the pure sciences of chemistry and physics applied to biological structures and processes. This chapter provides an overview of the study of nutrition. It highlights the basic preparations that need to be made for the study of human nutrition.
Managing load congestion in electric vehicle charging stations under power demand uncertainty

Abstract Electric vehicles (EV) have received considerable attention in recent years due to their low operating cost, potential for energy sustainability, and zero tailpipe emissions. This study presents a novel two-stage stochastic programming model integrating long- and short-term decisions to design and manage EV charging stations with renewable energy generation capability. The model captures the non-linear load congestion effect that increases exponentially as the electricity consumed by plugged-in EVs approaches the capacity of the charging station and linearizes it. The study proposes a hybrid decomposition algorithm that utilizes a Sample Average Approximation and an enhanced Progressive Hedging algorithm (PHA) inside a Constraint Generation algorithmic framework to efficiently solve the proposed optimization model. A case study based on Washington, D.C. is presented to visualize and validate the modeling results. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in solving the problem in a practical amount of time. Finding of the study include that incorporating the load congestion factor encourages the opening of large-sized charging stations, increases the number of stored batteries, and that higher congestion costs call for a decrease in the opening of new charging stations.
Dynamic species-specific metabolic changes in the trees exposed to chronic N+S additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA

Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) nutritional imbalances observed during 1998–2000 in response to nitrogen additions beginning in 1989 at Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA, were reversed by 2013. However, nitrogen-containing metabolites continued to accumulate to detoxify ammonia. While sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) was N-limited and benefitted from N+S additions, spruce and birch established new homeostatic status via adjusting cellular metabolism. Increased deposition of atmospheric N leads to changes in forest productivity. Effects of added N+S on changes in cellular metabolism will yield information on species-specific sensitivity to N+S. To evaluate foliar metabolic changes in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) that were exposed to ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4); ~ 28.8 kg S ha−1 yr−1 and 25.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1] additions at West Bear Watershed (WBW) starting in 1989 until the end of this experiment, while East Bear Watershed served as a reference. Foliage was collected in 1998–2000 and 2013. Sapwood plugs were also collected in 2013. All were analyzed for ions and metabolites using HPLC and ICP. During 1998–2000, only N+S-treated beech and spruce foliage had a reduction in Ca and Mg. All species had significantly higher content of N-rich metabolites. In 2013, ammonia detoxification continued in the absence of nutrient deficiencies. Significant changes in growth promoting metabolites occurred only in maple throughout this study. Metabolic changes indicated that sugar maple at this site was and still is N-limited, whereas red spruce and American beech had to make metabolic adjustments in order to survive under chronic N+S inputs. We conclude that even in the absence of knowledge about individual species tolerance limits for nutrients and critical N load for the site, monitoring with a suite of metabolites that are centrally connected to both C and N pathways could be a very useful tool in assessing stress from nutrient imbalance in various tree species.
The spectrum of disorders causing violence during sleep

Violent behavior during sleep is a common problem, affecting > 2% of the population > 15 years old as found in two large epidemiologic studies. The differential diagnosis of sleep related injury and violence includes: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD); NREM sleep parasomnias (sleepwalking, sleep terrors); parasomnia overlap disorder (RBD + NREM sleep parasomnias); obstructive sleep apnea; sexsomnia (sleep related abnormal sexual behaviors); sleep related dissociative disorder; trauma-associated sleep disorder/post-traumatic stress disorder; periodic limb movement disorder; rhythmic movement disorder; nocturnal scratching disorder; nocturnal seizures; and miscellaneous/mixed conditions. Careful clinical interviews, preferably with bed partners participating, and extensive, hospital-based, technologist-attended, overnight video-polysomnography (for one or more nights), is crucial for determining the accurate diagnosis that will guide proper therapy. Most of the disorders mentioned above are classified as parasomnias in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd Edition, with parasomnias defined as abnormal behavioral, experiential and/or autonomic nervous system activity during entry into sleep, during any stage of sleep, and during emergence from any stage of sleep. Parasomnias are often manifestations of “state dissociation” in which components of one state of being (wake, REM sleep, NREM sleep) intrude into, and become admixed, with other states of being, with clinical consequences. There are forensic implications related to the parasomnias, with inadvertent and unintentional assaults, murder, and “pseudo-suicide” resulting from aggressive and violent behaviors arising from sleep with suspended awareness and judgement.
Protective effect of HLA-DPB1 mismatch remains valid in reduced-intensity conditioning unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation.

A mismatch at HLA-DPB1 locus is associated with higher acute GVHD and lower relapse rate after myeloablative (MAC) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Also, in MAC setting, mismatch permissiveness and expression level impact alloHCT outcomes. However, in reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), DP mismatch effect on transplant outcomes is unknown. We retrospectively evaluated DP mismatch influence (number, permissiveness, and expression) on HCT outcomes in 310 patients with high-resolution typing (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1, and -DPB1), who underwent RIC HCT. By multivariable analysis, 11/12 had better overall survival (OS) and relapse vs. 12/12 (HR = 1.61 and 2.02; p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively) and better OS vs. 10/12 (HR = 1.68; p = 0.02). Within the 11/12, nonpermissive (NoPR) mismatch was associated with higher risk of grade II–IV acute GVHD (HR = 1.97; p = 0.005) and nonrelapse mortality (HR = 2.13; p = 0.02) vs. permissive (PR). Grouping 11/12 based on the DP expression conferred higher mortality (HR = 3.78; p = 0.003) when low expressers received a graft from high expressers (AG) vs. low expressers (AA). Better OS was achieved in PR 11/12, when expression was low in patient and donor (AA) vs. all other combinations. Therefore, in RIC HCT, a single-DP mismatch has a protective role, especially in permissive setting, when donor and recipient are low expressers.
deepSIP: linking Type Ia supernova spectra to photometric quantities with deep learning

We present {\tt deepSIP} (deep learning of Supernova Ia Parameters), a software package for measuring the phase and -- for the first time using deep learning -- the light-curve shape of a Type Ia supernova (SN~Ia) from an optical spectrum. At its core, {\tt deepSIP} consists of three convolutional neural networks trained on a substantial fraction of all publicly-available low-redshift SN~Ia optical spectra, onto which we have carefully coupled photometrically-derived quantities. We describe the accumulation of our spectroscopic and photometric datasets, the cuts taken to ensure quality, and our standardised technique for fitting light curves. These considerations yield a compilation of 2754 spectra with photometrically characterised phases and light-curve shapes. Though such a sample is significant in the SN community, it is small by deep-learning standards where networks routinely have millions or even billions of free parameters. We therefore introduce a data-augmentation strategy that meaningfully increases the size of the subset we allocate for training while prioritising model robustness and telescope agnosticism. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our models by deploying them on a sample unseen during training and hyperparameter selection, finding that Model~I identifies spectra that have a phase between $-10$ and 18\,d and light-curve shape, parameterised by $\Delta m_{15}$, between 0.85 and 1.55\,mag with an accuracy of 94.6\%. For those spectra that do fall within the aforementioned region in phase--$\Delta m_{15}$ space, Model~II predicts phases with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.00\,d and Model~III predicts $\Delta m_{15}$ values with an RMSE of 0.068\,mag.
Keeping the “Recovered Territories”: Evolving Administrative Approaches Toward Indigenous Silesians

This article traces changes in Polish administrative approaches toward indigenous Upper Silesians in the 1960s and 1970s. By commissioning reports from voivodeship leaders in 1967, the Ministry of Internal Affairs recognized that native Silesians held reservations toward Poland and, moreover, that postwar “Polonization” efforts may have backfired. These officials further understood the need to act quickly against “disintegration” trends. Although administrators in Katowice and Opole noted that relatively few Silesians engaged in clearly anti-Polish activities, these leaders still believed that West German influence threatened their authority in Silesia. Increasing West German involvement in the area, particularly through care packages and tourism, seemed to support this conclusion. In response to fears of West German infiltration and the rise in emigration applications, local authorities sought to bolster a distinctly Silesian identity. Opole officials in particular argued that strengthening a regional identity, rather than a Polish one, could combat the “tendency toward disintegration” in Silesia. This policy shift underscored an even greater change in attitude toward the borderland population: instead of treating native Silesians as an innate threat to Polish sovereignty, as had been the case immediately after the war, the administration now viewed them as essential for maintaining authority in western Poland.
Understanding Asian Indian Americans’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Hospice Care:

Background:Previous research has found racial differences in hospice knowledge and misconceptions about hospice care, which may hinder access to hospice care. Asian Indians are a rapidly growing po...
Implantation of an Atrial Flow Regulator in a Child on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator as a Bridge to Heart Transplant: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Background Balloon dilation and stenting of the atrial septum are techniques used to unload left heart cavities in acute or end-stage heart failure in children. However, they carry significant risks such as tamponade or device embolization. Case Presentation We report the first case of a child with an end-stage mitochondrial cardiomyopathy on a venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator as a bridge to heart transplant where an atrial flow regulator device has been implanted. Conclusions This case illustrates the feasibility and safety of atrial flow regulator implantation in this setting. This procedure allowed to wean inotropic support while awaiting heart transplantation.
Body composition of American Woodcock during fall staging: a validation of the non-invasive deuterium dilution method

We conducted the first validation of the deuterium dilution method as a nonlethal technique for estimating the body composition of a shorebird during fall staging as birds fatten in preparation for their migration. For this validation, we captured male (n = 12) and female (n = 8) American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) in the fall of 2018 and 2019 in southern New England, USA. We developed predictive models for estimating body composition of woodcock given each bird’s body mass and deuterium space, a proxy for total body water space, estimated using the deuterium dilution method. Accuracy and precision of these predictive models were assessed by comparing the model predictions with directly measured body composition. The top models predicted whole-body lean and fat mass with a relative error of 1.37% and 11.26%, respectively. In comparison, conventionally used morphology-based condition indices were poor predictors of fat mass in fall-staging woodcock. We applied this method to accurately estimate body composition dynamics of woodcock during fall staging, a period of fattening in the annual cycle that is pertinent to subsequent migratory movements, phenology, survival, and habitat management for woodcock. This nonlethal technique also has broad applicability to other migratory birds that show substantial changes in body composition as they prepare for key life-history events such as migration.
Sparse Optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurement by Compressive Sensing

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a compressive sensing scheme based on optical coherent receiver that recovers sparse optical arbitrary signals with an analog bandwidth up to 25GHz. The proposed scheme uses 16x lower sampling rate than the Nyquist theorem and spectral resolution of 24.4MHz.
The Success of the South Carolina Sport Diver Archaeology Management Program

In 1991, the Maritime Research Division of the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, at the University of South Carolina, initiated the Sport Diver Archaeology Management Program. The program combines management of divers’ recovery of submerged archaeological and paleontological material through licensing with a robust public education and outreach component. This chapter addresses the outcome of these initiatives: what has succeeded, what has fallen short, and what future directions must be taken to encourage responsible and sustainable public involvement in the interpretation and protection of these finite and fragile resources.
Equitable Taxation and the Provision of Health Insurance Subsidies

ABSTRACT Current U.S. income tax laws allow many taxpayers toexclude from taxable income part or all of the cost ofacquiring health insurance through an employer-sponsored beneﬁt plan. This favorable tax treatment gen-erally applies regardless of whether the employer oremployee actually pays the health insurance premiums.We describe the effects of this tax policy on the U.S. taxsystem’s horizontal and vertical equity. We also explainhow taxpayers covered by employer-sponsored plans aresigniﬁcantly subsidized by the government in acquiringhealth insurance, whereas taxpayers who acquire healthinsurance by other means or who are not covered byhealth insurance at all receive no such governmentassistance. We conclude that any prospective health-carepolicy initiatives, including modiﬁcations to the 2010 We appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers.Donald R. Nichols is Professor, Department of Accounting, Neeley School of Business, TexasChristian University (TCU), Fort Worth, TX. E-mail: d.nichols@tcu.edu. Elizabeth Plummer isAssociate Professor, Department of Accounting, Neeley School of Business, Texas ChristianUniversity (TCU), Fort Worth, TX. E-mail: c.e.plummer@tcu.edu. William F. Wempe is AssociateProfessor, Department of Accounting, Neeley School of Business, Texas Christian University(TCU), Fort Worth, TX. E-mail: w.wempe@tcu.edu.
Growth of Body Protein, Fat, and Skeleton in Steers Fed on Three Planes of Nutrition

The growth of body protein, fat, and skeleton of growing steers was determined from published experimental data of steers fed three planes of nutrition. Each animal was partitioned into: 1) metabolically slow tissue which included hide, hooves, horns, skeleton, and fat, and 2) metabolically active tissue (MAT) which were the remaining tissues. MAT grew exponentially in time and approached the same final value for all planes of nutrition; however, growth rates depended on energy intake. The mass of active tissues was described by MATkg = 27 + 393 (1 - e-t/tau) where t and tau are in months; tau was 25.8, 46.7, and 57.4 months for the high, medium, and low planes of nutrition, respectively. The finding that MAT retained the same mathematical form but grew more slowly on the lower nutritional planes suggests that changes in energy set the scale of physiological age. Fat deposition was linear with time for all groups, although the rates depended on energy intake. The rates were 8.21, 2.08, and 1.29 kg/month for the high, mediu, and low planes of nutrition, respectively. The results suggest that steers are not programmed to synthesize protein first and then fat only with the remaining energy; rather the level of energy intake and the age determine how the ingested energy is partitioned into protein and fat synthesis.
Positive transcriptional regulation of the human gamma-globin gene. Gamma PE is a novel nuclear factor with multiple binding sites near the gene.

Abstract A novel nuclear factor involved in human gamma-globin gene regulation has been identified. Co-migrating and cross-competing complexes were formed with five individual fragments from the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the gene in DNA-protein binding assays. This indicates that a nuclear factor, termed gamma PE, has multiple binding sites near the gamma-globin gene. This characteristic is shared by other important factors in globin gene regulation, such as GATA-1. The five gamma PE binding sites can be placed in two categories based on DNA-protein binding affinity and DNA sequence composition. The consensus sequence for the two higher affinity binding sites is ATTANNNGGAANNCT(N)TNNNTAATGG and for the three lower affinity sites is AAAAN(A/T)A(A/T)TT. Both the ATTA and the TAAT motifs of a high affinity binding site are required for efficient DNA-protein binding. The tissue distribution of gamma PE binding activity is broad, including both erythroid and non-erythroid cell types. Transcription of either a gamma-globin or heterologous promoter is increased in the presence of nearby gamma PE binding sites. Therefore, gamma PE may be involved in activating the gamma-globin gene in fetal erythroid cells. UV cross-linking analysis indicates that the major protein interacting with a high affinity gamma PE binding site has a molecular mass of 108 kDa.