cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jitendra Nath Mohanty: A Phenomenological Vedāntin

This article examines the major contribution to phenomenology by Jitendra Nath Mohanty, who first published in Philosophical and Phenomenological Research in 1954 soon after he had completed his dissertation under Josef Konig at the University of Gottingen. In 2008 and 2011, this literary output culminated in a substantial two-volume intellectual history of the philosophy of Edmund Husserl from the early Gottingen years until Husserl’s death in 1938. In the five decades of commitment to the exposition of Husserl’s thought, Mohanty’s early philosophical influences remained with him and justify his self-identification as a phenomenological Vedāntin.
Evolution of diet across the animal tree of life

What an animal eats is a fundamental aspect of its biology, but the evolution of diet has not been studied across animal phylogeny. Here, we performed a large-scale phylogenetic analysis to address three unresolved questions about the evolution of animal diets. (i) Are diets conserved across animal phylogeny? (ii) Does diet influence rates of species proliferation (diversification) among animal phyla? (iii) What was the ancestral diet of animals and major animal clades? We analyzed diet data for 1087 taxa, proportionally sampled among animal phyla based on the relative species richness of phyla. Our survey suggests that across animals, carnivory is most common (∼63%), herbivory less common (∼32%), and omnivory relatively rare (∼3%). Despite considerable controversy over whether ecological traits are conserved or labile, we found strong conservatism in diet over extraordinarily deep timescales. We found that diet is unrelated to rates of species diversification across animal phyla, contrasting with previous studies showing that herbivory increased diversification within some important groups (e.g., crustaceans, insects, and mammals). Finally, we estimated that the ancestor of all animals was most likely carnivorous, as were many major phyla (e.g., arthropods, molluscs, and chordates). Remarkably, our results suggest that many carnivorous species living today may have maintained this diet through a continuous series of carnivorous ancestors for >800 million years.
Conformational Analysis of Snake Toxins by Laser Raman Spectroscopy

Conformations of snake toxins, neurotoxins and hemorrhagic toxin were analyzed by laser Raman spectroscopy. All sea snake neurotoxins consist of antiparallel β-sheet and β-reverse turn structures. Hemorrhagic toxin e isolated from western diamondback rattlesnake is a zinc dependent protease. Judging from the Raman spectra, hemorrhagic toxin e consists of some α-helix with a high degree of random coil or β-reverse turn structure. All these toxins have gauche-gauche-gauche conformation of C-C-S-S-C-C according to S-S stretching vibration frequency. The tyrosine residue of most sea snake neurotoxins is buried as I830 is stronger than I850. From the 1361 cm−1 band, it is concluded that the tryptopnan residue of neurotoxins is exposed to the outside of the molecule.
High-Pressure Melt Curve and Phase Diagram of Lithium.

We investigate the phase diagram of lithium at temperatures of 200 to 400 K, to pressures over 100 GPa using x-ray diffraction in diamond anvil cells, covering the region in which the melting curve is disputed. To overcome degradation of the diamond anvils by dense lithium we utilize a rapid compression scheme taking advantage of the high flux available at modern synchrotrons. Our results show the $hR1$ and $cI16$ phases to be stable to higher temperature than previously reported. The melting minima of lithium is found to be close to room temperature between 40 and 60 GPa, below which the solid is crystalline. Analysis of the stability fields of the $cI16$ and $oC88$ phases suggest the existence of a triple point between these and an undetermined solid phase at 60 GPa between 220 and 255 K.
Compartment Syndrome and Orthopedic Surgery: Diagnosis and Management

Compartment syndrome is defined as an elevation of intracompartmental pressure to a level that impairs arterial flow. Compartment syndrome of the upper and lower extremities can have multiple etiologies, including traumatic, exertional, and iatrogenic in the peri-operative setting. Early identification and diagnosis enabling prompt intervention is essential to providing patients the best possible outcomes. In cases of acute compartment syndrome, emergent fasciotomy is generally indicated. Delayed fasciotomies more than 24 h after onset of symptoms is not recommended as it increases morbidity and mortality, however it is often difficult to establish a time zero for onset or irreversibility. Even with timely treatment, multiple surgeries are often necessary to ensure adequate wound debridement, appropriate soft tissue coverage and satisfactory wound closure. Long-term sequelae range from cosmetic concerns secondary to wound complications, the use of skin grafts, limb deformity, amputation, or systemic complications associated with rhabdomyolysis.
Radio Phased Arrays for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos

Ground-based radio arrays offer a promising future for the measurement of ultra-high energy neutrinos, including the prospect of reducing the radio-detection energy threshold to a level necessary to overlap with the high-energy range probed by IceCube (~1016 eV). Here we describe a phased array of antennas and beamforming electronics, which serves as a highly sensitive and directional trigger system for nanosecond-scale plane wave impulses. A prototype in-ice phased array was successfully installed during the 2017/18 austral summer at the South Pole in collaboration with the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA). The trigger array is a compact string of 7 in-ice dipole antennas deployed at a depth of 200 m, whose signals are continuously digitized at the surface using 1.5 GSa/s ADCs with 7-bit resolution. We measure a 50% trigger efficiency on band-limited impulses with signal-to-noise ratios of 2.0 or smaller.
Contemporary forest carbon dynamics in the northern U.S. associated with land cover changes

Abstract Estimates of the spatial–temporal distributions of forest carbon (C) stocks subject to land use and cover changes is critical to greenhouse gas (GHG) estimation and reporting. Based on national forest inventory (NFI) and Landsat time series data, we applied matrix models to estimate and map spatial–temporal distributions of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) C, standing dead C, downed dead C, litter C, and soil organic C from 1990 to 2018 attributed to land cover changes and harvests in the northern United States (US). From predicted pixel-level maps, we found that all five forest C pools of northeast states and northern tier of Great Lake states had higher C density than other regions in the study area. We estimated that forest-related land cover changes reduced the forest C sink by 0.15 ton C ha−1 yr−1 (with a range of 0.12 to 0.18 ton C ha−1 yr−1) a accounting for 29% of forest C reductions over the study period. Forests remaining forests sequestered 2.38 Pg C (2.05 to 2.61 Pg C), hence the net forest sink of the northern US increased 1.73 Pg C (1.52 to 1.93 Pg C) during 1990–2018, which is an annual rate of 0.88 ton C ha−1 yr−1 (0.77 to 0.98 ton C ha−1 yr−1). Moreover, forest C was captured in harvested wood products by 0.33 ton C ha−1 yr−1. An uncertainty analysis with fuzzy sets suggested that the absolute uncertainties of land cover change and harvest impacts on standing dead C, downed dead C, and litter C were lower than 4.50 ton ha−1 during 1990–2018. In comparison, there were high uncertainties associated with estimates of soil organic C and AGB C densities at approximately 12–40 ton ha−1 in northern Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Maine, New Hampshire, and New York. This study demonstrates methods for adhering to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change good practice guidelines for national GHG reporting and presents spatially explicit attribution of regional trends in C fluxes to particular activities and events. The resolved estimates from this analysis can be used to examine local and regional land use and cover change policies and practices in the context of C management in the northern US.
An Analysis of Emerging Patterns of Consumption in the Age of Globalization and Digitalization

AbstractThis paper analyzes emerging patterns of consumption in the modern world marked by the forces of globalization and digitalization. The study adopts a multidisciplinary approach and relies o...
Validation of Psychosocial Measures Assessing American Indian Parental Beliefs Related to Control over Their Children’s Oral Health

Objectives: To validate questionnaire items assessing American Indian (AI) parental beliefs regarding control over their children’s oral health within the context of psychosocial measures and children’s oral health status. Methods: Baseline questionnaire data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial (n = 1016) addressing early childhood caries. Participants were AI parents with preschool-age children in the Navajo Nation Head Start program. Questionnaire items assessed parental oral health locus of control (OHLOC) and agreement with beliefs indicating that they were in control of their children’s oral health (internal), the dentist was in control (external powerful others), or children’s oral health was a matter of chance (external chance). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and convergent validity was assessed using linear regression. Results: Parents with more education (p < 0.0001) and income (p = 0.001) had higher scores for internal OHLOC. Higher internal OHLOC scores were associated with higher scores on knowledge (p < 0.0001), perceived seriousness and benefits (p < 0.0001), higher self-efficacy, importance, sense of coherence (p < 0.0001 for all), and lower scores for perceived barriers (p < 0.0001) and distress (p = 0.01). Higher scores for both types of external OHLOC were associated with lower scores on knowledge (p < 0.0001), perceived seriousness (p < 0.0001), and higher scores on perceived susceptibility (p = 0.01 external chance; <0.0001 powerful others) and barriers (<0.0001). Higher scores for external powerful others were associated with lower scores for importance (p = 0.04) and sense of coherence (p = 0.03). Significant associations were not found for OHLOC beliefs and children’s oral health status. Conclusions: Questionnaire items addressing OHLOC functioned in accordance with the theoretical framework in AI participants.
Modeling the size of small spills of pure volatile liquids for use in evaporation rate and air concentration modeling.

Exposure modeling is a valuable tool for assessing chemical vapor exposures that occur during transient events such as small spills of volatile liquids. Models are available to estimate liquid evap...
Developing Teams and Team Leaders: Strategies and Principles

One hundred ten miles off the coast of Scotland, the crew of Occidental’s Piper Alpha oil rig were victims of a ﬁery explosion that occurred when the night crew activated a pump taken off line by the day crew for repairs. Amazingly, most survived the initial explosion, but breakdowns in teamwork following the emergency sealed the fate of the 167 who died. Following the explosion, failures in team leadership, crew communication, and situational awareness delayed evacuation and the shutting down of key operations that would have limited damage (Cullen, 1990).
Encouraging Savings Under the Earned Income Tax Credit: A Nudge in the Right Direction

During 2007, 3.6 million or 9.7% of people in the United States age 65 or older were below the poverty level. In light of the number of elderly people living below the poverty level, it is important that everyone, including low-income workers, have the opportunity to save for retirement. Low-income workers face many challenges to saving for retirement. The barriers to saving include the lack of access to retirement plans and lack of investment savvy. For example, only 42% of workers employed in service occupations in the private industry have access to employer retirement plans. The percentage drops to 39% for part-time employees. This Article proposes that the earned income tax credit (EITC) be expanded to encourage saving to help reduce the poverty level. The Article argues that the EITC should be structured to “nudge” low-income workers to invest in retirement plans and individual retirement accounts to lower the likelihood that they will live below the poverty level at retirement. The Article then discusses the importance of saving and the ways in which the government has encouraged lower income workers to accumulate wealth. Because these efforts have not succeeded in increasing the savings rate of low-income workers, the government must take additional measures to encourage them to save. This Article outlines a detailed plan for the adoption of a saving component to the EITC and outlines the importance of automatic contributions in conjunction with the EITC to maximize the success of the saving component. The plan also includes a government match in certain circumstances but requires forfeiture of the match for early withdrawals.
Talmudic Ethics: Lessons from Rabbinic Stories About Elijah, the Prophet who Never Died

The ancient sages of the Talmud used stories as a method to teach people how to behave ethically. Elijah stories remain extremely popular today and he becomes an important figure in Jewish folklore and Chassidic tales. Elijah is supposed to show up at every Jewish circumcision and at the Passover Seder. This paper will examine the Elijah stories that appear in rabbinic literature, principally the Talmud. The diverse roles he plays include: (a) miracle worker, rescuer, and healer; (b) discloser of heavenly secrets; (c) helper and comforter of the poor; (d) promoter of social justice; (e) teacher and scholar; and (f) punisher of the wicked.
Those who go without: an ethnographic analysis of the lived experiences of rural mental health and healthcare infrastructure

Abstract The impact of navigating one's mental health in a rural community is a unique lived experience because of the many barriers associated with seeking and receiving mental health services. Using arts-based visual ethnography and an analysis of 47 semi-structured interviews, we examine the lived experiences of navigating mental health struggles and healthcare infrastructure in a rural community in the western United States. To do so, we leverage the tenets ‘social exclusion’ in tandem with an ‘availability, accessibility, acceptability, and appropriateness’ framework to situate our analysis centered around three key, intertwined themes: the internalized shame and stigmatization experienced by rural people with mental health struggles, exclusionary communal attitudes and practices that exacerbate rural individuals' experiences, and an unreliable, fragmented rural mental healthcare infrastructure that further aggravates the individual and community-level experiences of stigmatization and mental health struggles. Our paper concludes with participant-driven solutions for future policy- and community-level improvements to better address rural mental health.
Testimony Before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources, Subcommittee for Indigenous Peoples of the United States: Improving the Land-into-Trust Process with a Clean Carcieri Fix and Consultation with Indian Tribes

This testimony addresses two pieces of proposed legislation. First, it discusses legislation designed to amend the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 in order to address the problems created by the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Carcieri v. Salazar, 555 U.S. 379 (2009), which unfortunately created two classes of tribes, those that can petition the United States for the restoration of lands through the federal land-into-trust process and those that cannot. The testimony describes why Carcieri is inconsistent with federal norms and supports the clean Carcieri-fix embodied in H.R. 375. Second, the testimony addresses draft legislation, under consideration by Committee Chairman Raul Grijalva and tentatively called the "RESPECT Act." This bill would mandate "tribal consultation as a matter of law" by federal agencies for certain federal actions involving tribal interests. This draft legislation would ultimately make tribal consultation enforceable, thereby improving the government-to-government relationship between federal agencies and American Indian tribes. This testimony describes the context of tribal consultation in recent American history, describes the draft bill, and highlights some of its pros and cons. It concludes that such a law would make federal Indian policy more even across presidential administrations and across independent agencies; it would make federal Indian policy less partisan.
Lightweight Function Monitors for Fine-Grained Management in Large Scale Python Applications

Python has become a widely used programming language for research, not only for small one-off analyses, but also for complex application pipelines running at supercomputer-scale. Modern parallel programming frameworks for Python present users with a more granular unit of management than traditional Unix processes and batch submissions: the Python function. We review the challenges involved in running native Python functions at scale, and present techniques for dynamically determining a minimal set of dependencies and for assembling a lightweight function monitor (LFM) that captures the software environment and manages resources at the granularity of single functions. We evaluate these techniques in a range of environments, from campus cluster to supercomputer, and show that our advanced dependency management planning and dynamic resource management methods provide superior performance and utilization relative to coarser-grained management approaches, achieving several-fold decrease in execution time for several large Python applications.
Swelling and softening of lithium-ion battery separators in electrolyte solvents

Abstract The mechanical stability of inactive polymeric components (e.g. separator and binder) can play an important role in the long term performance of lithium-ion batteries. Here we investigate the effects of electrolyte solvents on the mechanical properties of a polypropylene battery separator through experimental measurements of thickness and elastic modulus of separator samples immersed in different solvent environments. We find that certain electrolyte solvents such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl acetate cause noticeable softening of the separator. However, in other solvent environments such as propylene carbonate and acetonitrile, the separator retains the mechanical properties of a dry material. We show that the mechanical property reduction can be attributed to polymer swelling and explain these observations in the context of the Hildebrand solubility and Flory–Huggins interaction parameters. The solubility/interaction parameter analysis provides a straightforward method for predicting the in situ mechanical behavior of polymer separators in solvent environments. The relationships discussed herein can be used to screen and identify mechanically-stable polymer and electrolyte solvent pairs for use in lithium-ion batteries designed for long life.
SU-E-T-111: An Iterative Approach to Modelling Dosimetric Properties of a Varian MLC

Purpose: In effort to efficiently and accurately model MLC parameters for use in Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS), an iterative technique for characterizing the dosimetric properties of MLCs has been developed. Methods: The initial characterization of the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) and MLC transmission was performed using varied sizes of moving gaps and transmission measurements through central axis of the radiation beam. These values were determined during the initial data collection. After the initial values were determined and entered into the TPS, two plans were calculated to test the veracity of DLG and transmission independently. The plan used to determine the DLG has openings of varied sizes which are affected differently by the DLG. A large field uniform fluence that required a MLC carriage shift was used to determine the transmission value independent of DLG. After characterizing the dosimetric properties of the MLC independently, clinical IMRT plans were tested and used to tweak the final values. Results: This approach to modelling MLC dosimetric properties was employed for: standard 120 leaf MLC (SDMLC) and 120 leaf high definition MLC (HDMLC). Both types were successfully commissioned, tested, and approved for clinical use on 4 SDMLC machines and 2 HDMLC machines. The pass rate of clinical IMRT plans was 96.9% for 6MV and 98.3% for 10MV for SDMLC and 96.3% for 6MV, 96.5% for 6FFF, and 97.5% for 10FFF for HDMLCs using MapCheck2 with gamma analysis of 2%/2mm and 10% threshold. The final DLG and transmission parameters for 6X were 0.5mm and 0.01, and 1.35mm and 0.02 for HD and SD MLCs respectively. Conclusion: This iterative approach of determining dosimetric properties of MLCs is viable for both SDMLC and HDMLC and multiple energies. This approach accurately and efficiently determines the values needed for commissioning MLCs when they are employed for modulated therapies.
A phase II trial of three sequential doublets for the treatment of advanced müllerian malignancies.

Abstract Objective In an effort to improve the results of primary chemotherapy for mullerian malignancies a novel chemotherapy program was piloted that delivered three sequential chemotherapy doublets. The primary endpoints were surgically defined response rates and evaluation of toxicity. Methods After primary cytoreductive surgery patients were treated with three sequential doublets including three initial cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel (doublet 1) and then two cycles of cisplatin (day 1) and gemcitabine (days 1 and 8; doublet 2), and finally two cycles of doxorubicin (day 1) and topotecan (days 3,4, and 5; doublet 3). Cycles 4 through 7 were given with G-CSF (Neupogen) support at a dose of 5 mcg/kg/day. After therapy, all women were clinically staged and evaluated by second-look laparoscopy/laparotomy (SLO) if clinical staging was negative for residual disease. Results A total of 49 eligible patients were enrolled with a median age of 52 (SD 9). Forty-four women had either ovarian cancer or primary peritoneal carcinoma with 3 women diagnosed with fallopian tube carcinoma and 2 with papillary serous carcinoma of the uterus. Eighty-four percent of patients had stage IIIc/IV tumors, with 29% having >1 cm residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery. Thirty-nine of 49 (80%) patients completed therapy. A total of 283 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered with acceptable toxicities. There were no toxic deaths. Five women were withdrawn from trial (3 for Taxol hypersensitivity, 1 for gemcitabine pulmonary hypersensitivity, and 1 for serious line infection). Neutropenia, typically without fever, was relatively frequent in the first doublet. Nausea and thrombocytopenia were the predominant toxicities in doublet 2. Thirty-nine women completed all cycles of treatment. Thirty-six women had restaging results consistent with a clinical complete response (CR) and underwent SLO. The pathologic CR rate of the patients undergoing SLO was 38%. Conclusions Treatment with this sequential doublet regimen is feasible with a 38% pathologic CR rate.
A Numerus Clausus Principle for Intellectual Property

Real property can only be held and conveyed in a small number of forms, such as fee simple, life estate, and lease. This principle is known as numerus clausus, meaning “the number is closed.” For centuries, the principle has been central to the common-law system of property rights. Scholars have justified it as a mechanism for facilitating effective property alienation, maintaining low transaction costs in the buying and selling of property, and keeping the scope of property owners’ rights clear. In contrast, the numerus clausus principle is essentially nonexistent in intellectual property law. In the context of patents and copyrights, “the number is open.” There is nearly no limit to the ways in which intellectual objects can be licensed and sold. This Article will argue that the numerus clausus principle should extend to intellectual property. The justifications for the numerus clausus principle in real property law are even more persuasive in the intellectual property context because the scope of intellectual property rights is more difficult to delineate than the scope of real property rights. The metaphysical nature of intellectual property prevents protected objects from being clearly identifiable, particularly in a patent context, where inventions can be independently created by multiple parties. As a result, investigating the sale and licensing history of a work or invention — and whether a work or invention is protected at all — is difficult, costly, and sometimes impossible. This difficulty is compounded by the absence of numerus clausus, which permits inscrutable licensing and sale agreements and allows single works to be carved into several parts and burdened by complicated usage rules. By considering examples of digital content licensing and fragmentation of particular copyrights, this Article will identify how a numerus clausus principle for intellectual property would facilitate the use and conveyance of intellectual property. This principle would benefit intellectual property owners, licensees, and the general public by lowering transaction costs and preventing accidental overuse and underuse of intellectual works.
Rarefied Gas Dynamics: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Held at the Palais De L'Unesco, Paris, in 1962

Rarefied gas dynamics - kinetic theory, solutions of boltzmann equation, molecular beams and surface interactions
Homozygous type c hemoglobin.

A case of "homozygous" type "c" hemoglobin is reported in a Negro child. Although the patient was clinically free of hernolytic disease, the peripheral blood showed numerous target cells, and a compensated hemolytic process was demonstrated. Clinical and theoretic implications of the condition are discussed.
Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on acute metabolic and pathological changes in experimentally induced neurotrauma

Object Head trauma is a dynamic process characterized by a cascade of metabolic and molecular events. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Acute in vivo mechanisms and pathological changes associated with EPO following TBI are unknown. In this study the authors compare acute metabolic and pathological changes following TBI with and without systemically administered EPO. Methods Right frontal lobe microdialysis cannulae and right parietal lobe percussion hubs were inserted into 16 Sprague–Dawley rats. After a 4- to 5-day recovery, TBI was induced via a DragonFly fluid-percussion device at 2.5–2.8 atm. Rats were randomized into 2 groups, which received 5000 U/kg EPO or normal saline intraperitoneally 30 minutes after TBI. Microdialysis samples for glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate were obtained every 25 minutes for 10 hours. Rats were killed, their brains processed for light microscopy, and sections stained with H & E. ...
Sharp Disjunctive Decomposition for Language Emptiness Checking

We propose a "Sharp" disjunctive decomposition approach for language emptiness checking which is specifically targeted at "Large" or "Difficult" problems. Based on the SCC (Strongly-Connected Component) quotient graph of the property automaton, our method partitions the entire state space so that each state subspace accepts a subset of the language, the union of which is exactly the language accepted by the original system. The decomposition is "sharp" in that this allows BDD operations on the concrete model to be restricted to small subspaces, and also in the sense that unfair and unreachable parts of the submodules and automaton can be pruned away.We also propose "sharp" guided search algorithms for the traversal of the state subspaces, with its guidance the approximate distance to the fair SCCs.We give experimental data which show that our algorithm outperforms previously published algorithms, especially for harder problems.
In vitro inhibition of rat brain protein kinase C by rhodamine 6G: Profound effects of the lipid cofactor on the inhibition of the enzyme

Abstract Rhodamine 6G inhibited protein kinase C (PKC) when the enzyme was activated by Ca 2+ plus phosphatidylserine, 12- O -tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or mezerein plus phosphatidylserine, Ca 2− plus arachidonic acid, or arachidonic acid alone. Rhodamine 6G did not affect protein kinase C activity in the absence of lipid cofactor and, thus, does not appear to inhibit the enzyme through direct interactions with the active site. The inhibitory potency of the drug was affected dramatically by the nature of the lipid cofactor. Thus, 50 μM rhodamine 6G inhibited the Ca 2+ plus arachidonic acid dependent protein kinase activity approximately 50%, whereas 800 μM rhodamine 6G was required to cause 50% inhibition of the Ca 2− plus phosphatidylserine dependent protein kinase activity. These results, along with studies demonstrating a reversal of inhibition by high lipid concentrations, provide evidence that rhodamine 6G exerts its inhibitory effect on PKC through drug-lipid interactions. The dramatic effect of the lipid cofactor on the potency of rhodamine 6G as a PKC inhibitor suggests that the lipid environment of the cell may profoundly affect the abilities of rhodamine 6G and related cationic lipophilic drugs to inhibit PKC in vivo .
Meiotic expression of human ornithine transcarbamylase in the testes of transgenic mice

Abstract In an attempt to use mouse metallothionein-I (mMT-I) regulatory sequences to direct expression of human ornithine transcarbamylase in the liver of transgenic animals, fusion genes joining either 1.6 kilobases or 185 base pairs of the mMT-I regulatory region to the human ornithine transcarbamylase protein-coding sequence were used to produce transgenic mice. In mice carrying the fusion gene with 1.6 kilobases of the mMT-I 5'-flanking sequences, transgene expression was observed in a wide range of tissues, but, unexpectedly, expression in liver was never observed. Surprisingly, in mice carrying the fusion gene regulated by only 185 base pairs of the mMT-I 5'-flanking sequences, the transgene was expressed exclusively in male germ cells during the tetraploid, pachytene stage of meiosis.
Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide plus thoracic radiation therapy for limited-stage unresectable thymoma: an intergroup trial

PURPOSETo determine the response rate of cisplatin plus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide (PAC) in patients with limited-stage unresectable thymoma. In addition, this study was undertaken to determine the toxicity, progression-free survival, and overall survival of combined-modality therapy with PAC plus radiation therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients with a histologic diagnosis of limited-stage unresectable thymoma or thymic carcinoma were eligible. Further requirements included a Karnofsky Performance Score of > 60, no prior radiation to the chest, and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function. No patient had undergone chemotherapy previously. Patients received two to four cycles (repeated every 3 weeks) of cisplatin (50 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) followed by a total dosage of 54 Gy to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes for patients with a stable, partial, or complete response to chemotherapy.RESULTSFrom November 1983 through January 1995, 26 patients...
Decision-Making: An Illustration of Theory Building:

This is the presidential paper given at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society of Public Health Educators, Atlantic City, October 18, 1959.
Is Epinephrine Contraindicated During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background Why pulmonary gas exchange deteriorates after administration of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is unclear. Methods and Results Forty-four anesthetized swine received an infusion of six inert gases. Animals underwent ventricular fibrillation with CPR and intravenous administration of saline (control), epinephrine (15 μg/kg), or methoxamine (150 μg/kg). Cardiac output, aortic blood pressure, pH, and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded. Distributions of Va and Q were determined by the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Ventricular fibrillation and CPR caused significant decreases in cardiac output, aortic blood pressure, and arterial pH. With epinephrine (versus saline), diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (23±7 versus 8±4 mm Hg), but the increase in shunt (from 7±4% to 29±17%) and the reduction in Sao2 (from 99.7% to 76.8%) were significantly larger. Also, the increase in dead space was greater and elimination of CO2 less. There were no differen...
Eigensolutions of the light-cone equation for a scalar field model

The ladder approximation to the bound-state equation at equal light-cone time is investigated in the framework of a scalar field theory. With the help of the Fock transformation the equation is reduced to an eigenvalue problem for a compact operator. Eigensolutions for lowest-energy levels are found and compared with the results of the covariant ladder approximation. In the positronium region both schemes yield equivalent eigenvalues, in agreement with predictions of perturbation theory. For strongly bound systems, however, both schemes give different results. The eigenfunctions are explicitly given and their asymptotic behavior is analyzed.
Evolution of genomes, host shifts and the geographic spread of SARS‐CoV and related coronaviruses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a novel human illness caused by a previously unrecognized coronavirus (CoV) termed SARS-CoV. There are conflicting reports on the animal reservoir of SARS-CoV. Many of the groups that argue carnivores are the original reservoir of SARS-CoV use a phylogeny to support their argument. However, the phylogenies in these studies often lack outgroup and rooting criteria necessary to determine the origins of SARS-CoV. Recently, SARS-CoV has been isolated from various species of Chiroptera from China (e.g., Rhinolophus sinicus) thus leading to reconsideration of the original reservoir of SARS-CoV. We evaluated the hypothesis that SARS-CoV isolated from Chiroptera are the original zoonotic source for SARS-CoV by sampling SARS-CoV and non-SARS-CoV from diverse hosts including Chiroptera, carnivores, artiodactyls and humans. Regardless of alignment parameters, optimality criteria, or isolate sampling, the resulting phylogenies clearly show that the SARS-CoV was transmitted to small carnivores well after the epidemic of SARS in humans that began in late 2002. The SARS-CoV isolates from small carnivores in Shenzhen markets form a terminal clade that emerged recently from within the radiation of human SARS-CoV. There is evidence of subsequent exchange of SARS-CoV between humans and carnivores. In addition SARS-CoV was transmitted independently from humans to farmed pigs (Sus scrofa). The position of SARS-CoV isolates from Chiroptera are basal to the SARS-CoV clade isolated from humans and carnivores. Although sequence data indicate that Chiroptera are a good candidate for the original reservoir of SARS-CoV, the structural biology of the spike protein of SARS-CoV isolated from Chiroptera suggests that these viruses are not able to interact with the human variant of the receptor of SARS-CoV, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In SARS-CoV study, both visually and statistically, labile genomic fragments and, putative key mutations of the spike protein that may be associated with host shifts. We display host shifts and candidate mutations on trees projected in virtual globes depicting the spread of SARS-CoV. These results suggest that more sampling of coronaviruses from diverse hosts, especially Chiroptera, carnivores and primates, will be required to understand the genomic and biochemical evolution of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV.
Metallic Impurities in Spectroscopic Carbon Electrodes

Abstract In the course of our investigation1,2,3 of metal pollutants in ambient air using flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy, we have encountered difficulties in obtaining carbon rods which were sufficiently free of metallic impurities. Since carbon is employed as a means of atomization in several non-flame cells described in the literature and available commercially, we felt that it is important to note that none of the carbon rods that we have studied were free of metallic impurities. Various grades of spectroscopic carbon electrodes from several manufacturers have been examined. Some brands were significantly purer than others, and the extent of impurity has been found to vary from lot to lot from the same manufacturer. We have not attempted to determine the concentration levels of the various impurities.
Photogenerated base in polymer curing and imaging: Design of reactive styrenic copolymers susceptible to a base‐catalyzed β‐elimination

A novel family of functionalized styrenic copolymers that are susceptible to a base-catalyzed β-elimination reaction is reported. The reactive copolymers, poly-{(2-phenyl-2-cyanoethoxycarbonyloxystyrene)-co-(4-hydroxystyrene)}, are prepared by chemical modification of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) using 2-phenyl-2-cyanoethyl chloroformate. A photoresist material consisting of the copolymer and bis[[(2-nitrobenzyl)-oxy] carbonyl]-4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine used as an amine photogenerator affords positive tone images by UV irradiation. The effect of copolymer structure and composition on imaging, thermal stability, and the ease of β-elimination reaction is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3543–3552 1997
Accuracy and reliability of China's energy statistics

Many observers have raised doubts about the accuracy and reliability of China's energy statistics, which show an unprecedented decline in recent years, while reported economic growth has remained strong. This paper explores the internal consistency of China's energy statistics from 1990 to 2000, coverage and reporting issues, and the state of the statistical reporting system. Available information suggests that, while energy statistics were probably relatively good in the early 1990s, their quality has declined since the mid-1990s. China's energy statistics should be treated as a starting point for analysis, and explicit judgments regarding ranges of uncertainty should accompany any conclusions.
Vasoactive-inotropic score as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass

Objective Inotrope score has been proposed as a marker of illness severity after pediatric cardiac surgery despite a lack of data to support its use as such. The goal of this study was to determine the association between inotropic/vasoactive support and clinical outcome in infants after cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Dedicated pediatric cardiothoracic intensive care unit at an academic, tertiary care medical center. Patients One hundred seventy-four patients 0 to 6 months of age admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between August 2007 and June 2008. Forty-three percent were neonates, and 39% had functional single ventricle physiology. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Hourly doses of all vasoactive medications were recorded for the first 48 hrs after admission to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit and a vasoactive-inotropic score was calculated. The maximum vasoactive-inotropic score level over the first 48 hrs was a good predictor of poor clinical outcome (death, cardiac arrest, mechanical circulatory support, renal replacement therapy, and/or neurologic injury). After controlling for diagnosis, high maximum vasoactive-inotropic score was strongly associated with a poor outcome with an adjusted odds ratio of 8.1 (95% confidence interval, 3.4-19.2; p Conclusions The amount of cardiovascular support in the first 48 hrs after congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass predicts eventual morbidity and mortality in young infants. The degree of support is best characterized by a maximum vasoactive-inotropic score obtained during this period. The usefulness of vasoactive-inotropic score as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in infants after cardiac surgery may have important implications for future cardiothoracic intensive care unit research.
A necessary condition for four-coloring a planar graph

Abstract For the vertices of a finite 4-colored planar graph, regular of degree three, certain orientation indices are defined and studied. A connection is shown some elementary combinatorial results in fixed point theory.
The topology of superclusters: A window on the early universe

Analysis of the topology of the distribution of matter in the universe provides information not found in correlation functions. Quantitative measures of the topology can be used to test the hypothesis that structure in our universe grew by gravitational amplification of Gaussian fluctuations.
Potato extractives: Sloughing as related to replacement of anions or cations

All anions or cations were removed from potato extract and were replaced by a single, naturally occurring anion or cation in an effort to determine the relative effect of each on the sloughing of potato tissue. The treated extracts were used in cooking soaked potato tissue slices. In the anion series, citrate caused the greatest amount of sloughing. Other cooking media and treatments in decreasing order of effectiveness were untreated extract, malate, oxalate, chloride, and distilled water. In the cation series, sodium and potassium caused significantly more sloughing than the untreated extract. Magnesium and calcium firmed the potato tissue, resulting in less sloughing than that obtained with distilled water.
Corporate Organization of R and D and the Location of Technological Activities

Malecki E. J. (1980) Corporate organization of R and D and the location of technological activities, Reg. Studies 14, 219–234. This paper examines in detail the role of R and D and technological innovation in corporate strategy and structure, focusing on the manner in which R and D is treated in corporate spatial organizations. Organizational and locational aspects of large, multilocational firms are a manifestation of strategies and priorities concerning product mix, technology and production. Of particular importance is the choice between centralized and decentralized R and D, both organizationally and locationally. The locations chosen by firms for technological activities have a major impact on the economic development of regional economies, through agglomeration and the creation and maintenance of a regional technology base. Three location types for R and D, headquarters, production sites and innovation centers, are verified empirically from the R and D sites of U.S. corporations.
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in Albania

Albania is situated in the Alpine-Mediterranean seismic belt and accommodates part of the deformation due to collision of the Adriatic microplate with the Eurasian plate. Albania has repeatedly been the site of historical earthquakes with considerable losses al even from moderate size events. The fact is attributed mainly to the poorquality of the construction in rural areas. During Albania's passing from an isolated and communist dictatorship to an open and democratic society in the beginning of 90's, a boom in the construction sector commenced which made imperative a modern seismic hazard assessment. In this work an evaluation of probabilistic seismic hazard in Albania is presented based on an updated seismicity catalogue.For this reason Albania has been subdivided in 8 seismogenic zones on the basis of seismotectonic criteria as well as on the spatial and temporal distribution of earthquake epicenters. The earthquake catalogue adopted contains 530 earthquakes with M ≥?4.5 for the time period A.D.58-2000. Values of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for different probability levels of exceedance are obtained for a grid of 10 km × 10 km cells over the territory of Albania. Respective maps are also constructed.
Reconstructing the ternary Golay code

Description du code [12,6,6] de Golay ternaire etendu comme l'image d'un code sur le corps de 9 elements. Structure des poids du code pre-image
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Athletic Participation: Are We Adequately Preparing for Sports Integration?

Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) now have well-controlled disease due to improved therapies and management strategies. Children with JIA are more active than in the past and often participate in dynamic, high-loading sports. Standard measures of disease control include examination findings, laboratory values, and patient-directed surveys. However, these standards do not address the subtle deficits in biomechanics and neuromuscular control, which could place affected joints at higher risk for injury. Currently, there are limited evidence-based guidelines to structure conditioning recommendations as to the fitness and mechanics needed to provide safe integration into sports in this population; therefore, tools that objectively measure function with high accuracy and precision may be warranted. Previous work using 3-dimensional motion analysis demonstrated usefulness in guiding physical therapy treatment to correct these deficits. The use of a multidisciplinary team, including physical therapy, rheumatology, and sports medicine, is crucial for preparing these children to return to play. We suggest that the child transition into a sport preparatory-conditioning program to address any underlying deficits. A pediatric exercise specialist who is sensitive to the needs of this population can work with a physical therapist to then appropriately integrate the child safely into sport. Encouraging an active lifestyle is vital to the management of JIA and does not worsen the symptoms associated with childhood arthritis.
Music Education and the Knowledge Economy: Developing Creativity, Strengthening Communities.

(2005). Music Education and the Knowledge Economy: Developing Creativity, Strengthening Communities. Arts Education Policy Review: Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 5-12.
Production and carcass characteristics of Holstein-Friesian bulls and steers slaughtered at 800 or 1,000 pounds.

Abstract Holstein-Friesian bulls and steers were evaluated for meat production from birth until slaughtered at 800 or 1,000 lb. Bulls reached slaughter weights faster (P Bulls had a larger percentage (P No differences among groups were obtained in carcass conformation scores. Steers had higher marbling (P
The new role of Chief Technology Officer in US hospitals

Hospitals are diversified technology–based service organizations. The dimensions of medical technology include products (e.g. drugs, devices, instruments), processes (e.g. medical, surgical, imaging procedures) and support services (e.g. information technology). Almost all of the medical technology is purchased externally and adopted by hospitals. The responsibility for managing technology in the hospital is diffused between upper management, line managers of technology and technology users. The current competitive and financial pressures that hospitals are facing require them to improve their effective management of technology in order to maintain a competitive technological edge. In this article it is suggested that in the 1990s hospitals may benefit from a corporate level technology management function, i.e. a Chief Technology Officer. The article describes the responsibilities of the CTO and some areas of concern in exercising these responsibilities.