cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Offshoring Quotas and Strategic Export Subsidies

ABSTRACTWe present an analysis of strategic export subsidization in the presence of exogenous limits on the extent of offshoring that is permissible for a domestic firm. Rather than offsetting a qu...
In Plain Sight: The Neglected Linkage between Brideprice and Violent Conflict

Approximately seventy-five percent of the world's population lives in countries where asset exchange upon marriage is obligatory. Rising brideprice—money or gifts provided to a woman's family by th...
Drebrin Regulation of Calcium Signaling in Immune Cells

Store-operated Ca2+ channels are plasma membrane channels that are activated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, resulting in an increase in intracellular Ca2+; however, little is known about their regulation. Our work has shown that the immunosuppressant compound BTP2, which blocks Ca2+ influx into cells, interacts with the actin-reorganizing protein, drebrin. Here we review the role of drebrin in the regulation of calcium signaling, with a focus on immune cells.
Evolution of RAD- and DIV-Like Genes in Plants

Developmental genetic studies of Antirrhinum majus demonstrated that two transcription factors from the MYB gene family, RADIALIS (RAD) and DIVIRICATA (DIV), interact through antagonism to regulate floral dorsoventral asymmetry. Interestingly, similar antagonistic interaction found among proteins of FSM1 (RAD-like) and MYBI (DIV-like) in Solanum lycopersicum is involved in fruit development. Here, we report the reconstruction of the phylogeny of I-box-like and R-R-type clades, where RAD- and DIV-like genes belong, respectively. We also examined the homology of these antagonistic MYB proteins using these phylogenies. The results show that there are likely three paralogs of RAD-/I-box-like genes, RAD1, RAD2, and RAD3, which originated in the common ancestor of the core eudicots. In contrast, R-R-type sequences fall into two major clades, RR1 and RR2, the result of gene duplication in the common ancestor of both monocots and dicots. RR1 was divided into clades RR1A, RR1B, and RR1C, while RR2 was divided into clades RR2A/DIV1, RR2B/DIV2, and RR2C/DIV3. We demonstrate that among similar antagonistic interactions in An. Majus and So. lycopersicum, RAD-like genes originate from the RAD2 clade, while DIV-like genes originate from distantly related paralogs of the R-R-type lineage. The phylogenetic analyses of these two MYB clades lay the foundation for future comparative studies including testing the evolution of the antagonistic relationship of proteins.
Pathologic studies of the blood--retinal barrier in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat.

The BB rat spontaneously develops a diabetic state that closely resembles human type I diabetes. The authors studied the pathologic changes of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of four normal and nine diabetic BB rats using (1) light and electron microscopy with the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique, and (2) trypsin digest preparations of the retinal vessels. They observed a retinal pigment epitheliopathy characterized by (1) derangement of the plasmalemma infoldings; (2) patchy organdie degeneration leading to focal necrosis; (3) increased permeability to horseradish peroxidase; and (4) repair of the pigment epithelium. Focal thickening of the retinal vascular basement membrane was seen occasionally, but the trypsin digest preparations were unremarkable. These studies suggest that diabetic retinal pigment epitheliopathy may be one of the early changes of diabetic retinopathy and may provide a pathogenetic mechanism for early disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25:302-311, 1984 Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) has been observed by vitreous fluorophotometry in the absence of other signs of retinopathy. This has been reported in diabetic patients,1 ' 2 in rats made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) 3 " 6 or alloxan, 6 and in monkeys made diabetic with STZ or pancreatectomy. 7 - 8 The site of this breakdown has been sought in morphologic studies on streptozotocin diabetic rats. Tso et al found multifocal cellular damage and disruption of the bloodretinal barrier to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). 9 Kirber et al ob
Dominant Strategy Allocation of Divisible Network Resources with Limited Information Exchange

A fundamental problem in many network systems is how to allocate limited resources among competing agents, who may have their own incentives. The well-known Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism provides an elegant solution to this incentive issue. In particular, VCG implements the socially optimal outcome in dominant strategies. However, it is also well-known that this mechanism can require an excessive amount of communication. Approaches have been studied that relax the communication requirements while also relaxing the incentive guarantees to use Nash equilibria instead of dominant strategies. Here, we take a different approach and study mechanisms with limited information that still have dominant strategy outcomes, but suffer an efficiency loss. We characterize this loss for the case of a single divisible resource. We first consider a mechanism in which information is limited by quantizing the resource into a finite number of units and allocating each of these to one agent via a VCG mechanism. This limits each agent to submitting a finite number of real values. We subsequently consider the case where each value is also quantized before being reported by each agent. Finally, we present numerical examples of the performance of these mechanisms.
Towards High-Q Microwave Photonic Passband Filters using Few Mode Fibers with Cascaded Long Period Grating Mode Converters

We demonstrate single source microwave photonic finite impulse response filters with coherence-free operation and the potential for arbitrarily high numbers of filter taps using few mode fibers with cascaded long period grating mode converters.
Proppant Transport in a 3-D Fracture

An analysis using a true 3-D fracture requires the use of a mainframe computer, and is expensive and time-consuming. A large number of simplified 3-D fracture models—pseudo 3-D models—are commercially available. The pseudo 3-D model that runs on a personal computer with a reasonably short computing time and gives easy-to-read output graphs has become a popular tool in the industry. In principle, the pseudo 3-D models may be regarded as an extension of the KGD or the PKN models and include the fracture height growth. The simplest approach has been to determine the fracture height from the local net fluid pressure, i n-situ stress contrast, and rock toughness by satisfying the local static equilibrium. A constant fluid pressure is usually assumed over the vertical cross section of the fracture, and the fluid flow is one-dimensional along the direction of pay zone. The assumption of one-dimensional fluid flow inside the fracture creates an inconsistency in the calculation of fracture height growth. In Cleary's model, the fracture growth in one direction is governed by the KGD model and other by the PKN model when the fracture length is greater than the height. The interpretation is reversed by exchanging the length and the height, when the fracture length is smaller than the height. Various empirical equations are incorporated into the model to make the results reasonable and consistent with field experiences.
Toward a Theory of Infant Temperament

Why do we have a chapter on temperament in a volume primarily devoted to the concepts of attachment and affiliation? Years ago, such a chapter would have been unthinkable because attachment and temperament appeared to refer to different phenomena. Classic theories of mother-infant relations such as those of Spitz (1965) and Bowlby (1951) leaned in the direction of a “tabula rasa” model of the human infant by proposing that emotional and drive-regulating experiences provided by the mother were crucial for the formation and maintenance of ego functions. The individual differences these theorists were interested in were those resulting from successes and failures of maternal interaction, although on occasion they did invoke genetic and constitutional factors to account for unusual tolerances or susceptibilities to the ill effects of maternal separation. Individual differences in temperament, then, were relegated to a shorthand description of the susceptibility of the “tabula rasa” to experience—how hard or soft the tablet was, so to speak. Little speculation took place about how such differences in the infant could be assessed or whether they played a role in attachment.
The Impact of Federal Technology Transfer on the Commercialization Process

Some people find the suggestion that federal technology transfer can impact technology commercialization impossible to accept. Federal technology transfer can, and does, impact the overall technology commercialization process. The U.S. is feeling some of this impact now, and shall experience more in times to come. The author’s experience is with technology transfer at the U.S. Department of Energy. Some of the lessons learned about federal technology transfer at DOE may offer ramifications for others in the federal system.
Benign Melanocytic Tumors of the Uvea

Benign melanocytic uveal tumors are generally known as nevi (also spelled as “naevi”). Nevus is a Latin word meaning birthmark or mole and is a general term for a congenital mark on the skin. In ophthalmology, the term nevus refers to an abnormal, hamartomatous cluster of melanocytes. Uveal melanocytes are derived from neural crest and share this embryologic origin with cutaneous melanocytes.
Electromagnetic waves in double negative metamaterials and study on numerical resonances in the method of moments (MoM)

Double negative (DNG) metamaterials, which have both negative permittivity and negative permeability, have attracted intensive interest in the last few years for their exotic properties, such as negative refraction, reversed Doppler effect, reversed Vavilov-Cerenkov effect, and the possibility of making perfect lens. Theoretical investigations and practical experiments are being well undergone by many research groups over the world. Applications are found in RF circuit design, antenna size reduction, resonance devices, etc. As one of the most important building blocks, transmission lines have intensive applications in RF and microwave engineering, such as couplers, phase shifters, filters, and leaky wave antennas. By replacing the conventional dielectric materials with DNG medium, we found numerous interesting properties. The complete mode spectrum and dispersive behavior of DNG medium are different from their DPS counterparts. Complex surface modes are found to be existing in a grounded DNGmedium slab. When applying DNGmedium to dipole radiation, both horizontal electric dipole (HED) and horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) exhibits greatly enhanced radiation pattern due to the slow attenuation of the complex modes on the interface. Microstrip line with DNG is also investigated. It has large attenuation in low frequency band which implies that it is a good candidate for leaky antenna. At higher frequency, the attenuation drops to zero and the propagation constant bifurcates. The method of moment is one of the most successful and efficient approaches in solving integral equations. However, the internal resonance problem of integral equations has plagued solutions of integral equations. A well known example is the internal resonance existing in both electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for PEC scatterers or penetrable scatterers. xviii In the second part of my presentation, we will introduce the concept of original resonance and model resonance, followed by numerical matrix resonance and right-hand-side (RHS) resonance. We will thoroughly study their subtle differences and give numerical examples. The errors in electric current and scattered field near the resonances are studied for both EFIE and MFIE in solving for scattering solution from a 2D circular cylinder.
Finfish Diversity and Distribution in a Boreal, Macrotidal Bay

Cobscook Bay is an 11- km2 geographically complex, boreal, and macrotidal bay in eastern Maine. The physical environment, primary producers, and invertebrate assemblage of the bay are well-characterized, but no contemporary data exist on its finfish assemblage. We sampled the finfish assemblage of Cobscook Bay from 2011 to 2013 in May, June, August, and September to create a baseline dataset suitable for future comparisons. We also examined the composition, diversity, and annual changes in the assemblage. We sampled in the subtidal and intertidal zones using seines (n = 390), fyke nets (n = 72), and benthic (n = 112) and pelagic (n = 111) trawls; sampling was divided among the bay's 3 different sub-bays. We collected more than 60,000 individuals from 46 species. We employed species richness, Simpson's index of diversity, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (with the Bray—Curtis and Horn—Morisita indices) to examine spatial and temporal variation of finfish assemblages throughout the bay. Our analysis suggested that data collected in the subtidal pelagic were not a representative sample of that assemblage. Therefore, we considered 2 assemblages: the intertidal and subtidal benthic. Assemblage composition and species' relative abundances were different at diel, monthly, and annual timescales and were associated with changes in the catch rate of ubiquitous species. In the intertidal, these species included Gasterosteus aculeatus (Threespine Stickleback), Clupea harengus (Atlantic Herring), Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife), and Menidia menidia (Atlantic Silverside). In the subtidal, the common species were Atlantic Herring and Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter Flounder). Statistical analyses indicated that both spatial and temporal factors were significant predictors of assemblage evenness. The sampling design, albeit complex, was sufficient to capture these differences and characterize these assemblages. Implications for future studies are that the study design must be sufficiently complex to capture the anticipated spatial and temporal variability inherent in such dynamic environments. Furthermore, given recent warming trends in the Gulf of Maine, this study's results suggest the importance of thoroughly understanding local temporal and ecosystem variability.
Psychometric Synthesis of the Multicultural Counseling Inventory

This quantitative synthesis combines results of 72 studies that published psychometric information for the Multicultural Counseling Inventory. Although internal consistency, subsample means, and in...
Myosins XI Are Involved in Exocytosis of Cellulose Synthase Complexes

In plants, cellulose is synthesized at the cell surface by plasma membrane (PM)-localized cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs). The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin delivery of CSCs to the PM, however, are poorly understood. Cortical microtubules have been shown to interact with CESA-containing compartments and mark the site for CSC delivery, but are not required for the delivery itself. Here, we demonstrate that myosin XI and the actin cytoskeleton mediate CSC delivery to the PM by coordinating the exocytosis of CESA-containing compartments. Measurement of cellulose content indicated that cellulose biosynthesis was significantly reduced in a myosin xik xi1 xi2 triple-knockout mutant. By combining genetic and pharmacological disruption of myosin activity with quantitative live-cell imaging, we observed decreased abundance of PM-localized CSCs and reduced delivery rate of CSCs in myosin-deficient cells. These phenotypes correlated with a significant increase in failed vesicle secretion events at the PM as well as an abnormal accumulation of CESA-containing compartments at the cell cortex. Through high-resolution spatiotemporal assays of cortical vesicle behavior, we identified defects in CSC vesicle tethering and fusion at the PM. Furthermore, disruption of myosin activity reduced the delivery of several other secretory markers to the PM and reduced constitutive and receptor-mediated endocytosis. These findings reveal a previously undescribed role for myosin in vesicle secretion and cellulose production at the cytoskeleton-PM-cell wall nexus.
Drinking behavior in nursery aged pigs

Detailed information on the pigs’ temporal drinking patterns is essential when delivering water based health products because there is a risk that not all pigs will visit the drinker adequately and hence, may not have received sufficient vaccine or antibiotics required to protect the animal. Limited research has evaluated drinking visits and water disappearance in nursery pigs. Recent work has begun to investigate the pig to water resource ratio and the placement and type of water delivery systems. This thesis covers the areas of: (1) drinking behavior of seven week old pigs when water is either withheld for a period of 15 h or provided ad libitum and (2) drinking behavior, aggressive interactions, water bowl preference, and performance measures between seven week old nursery pigs when provided a 1:25, 1:12, or 1:8 drinker to pig ratio. In the first study a total of 194 seven week old PIC (USA) pigs, weighing 22.98 ± 5.38 kg were housed in single sex pens in a commercial nursery facility. Two treatments were compared; treatment one; withheld (WH; n = 4) pigs did not have access to water for 15 h and treatment two, control (CONT; n = 4) pigs had continuous ad libitum access to water. Drinking behavior was recorded from 0700 to 1300 h over two consecutive days. The acquisition of drinking behavior (defined as the pig having its head in the nipple-cup drinker for 5 s or longer) was obtained. Total number of visits, visit lengths and water disappearance were analyzed.
Increasing Trichomonas vaginalis testing for high-risk adolescents a pediatric emergency department.

Background Trichomonas is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among adolescents, causing vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and dysuria. Affected individuals have increased susceptibility to other STIs and may have pregnancy complications. A quality improvement project was developed to increase trichomonas testing among high-risk adolescent patients from 40% in July 2014 to 100% by December 31, 2014, and sustain over 6 months. Methods An interdisciplinary team (providers and support staff) was assembled to address this objective. We collected 6 months of baseline data. Deploying the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement, we formulated an aim statement and identified key drivers. We used cause analysis to identify interventions for each problem area. Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were undertaken, and results were monitored using control charts. Interventions included increasing awareness and education for clinical staff; changing computer order entry for the test; using order sets for STI; and adding a Licensed Professional Initiated Protocol to nurse ordering practice. These interventions were all done in conjunction with feedback to providers for individual missed cases. Results Over 18 months, the trichomonas testing rate rose with each intervention: from 25% (January 2014) to 98% (December 2014), which we have sustained through June 2015. Implications and contributions This article demonstrates the successful use of quality improvement methodology to increase rates of Trichomonas vaginalis testing among at-risk adolescent patients. Increased testing results in increased detection and improved treatment and sexual health for our patients. Conclusion Improving the trichomonas testing process in the pediatric emergency department results in higher screening rates among high-risk adolescent patients.
Posterior Malleolar Fracture Morphology in Tibial Shaft Versus Rotational Ankle Fractures: The Significance of the Computed Tomography Scan.

Objective:To compare posterior malleolar fracture morphology in ankle fractures compared with those with tibial shaft fractures.Setting:Level 1 trauma center.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Patients/Participants:Fifty-four patients with tibial shaft fractures and 61 patients with ankle fractures.M
Student Responses to Problematic STEM Teaching Methods

In this first of four chapters that examine student learning experiences in STEM courses, we draw on two data sources that provide student assessments of the extent, nature, and consequences of teaching methods and course design that students define as of poor quality. The qualitative analysis is drawn from interview accounts from STEM switchers, relocators, and persisters that reference all four academic years. Both experiences with STEM instructors and with teaching assistants are discussed. The findings from the Student Assessment of their Learning Gains (SALG) survey reflect student assessments from a matched set of 80 foundational courses across the six study sites. This chapter is mirrored by Chap. 8, which presents positive student accounts of STEM learning experiences from the same two data sources. In both chapters, we compare findings with those reported in 1997 in the original study: Talking about Leaving: Why Undergraduates Leave the Sciences.
Metabolic Bone Disease in the CAPD Patient

It seems that CAPD may improve some patients with osteomalacia but may be similar to hemodialysis in regard to osteitis fibrosa. However, long-term prospective evaluation of the incidence of bone d...
Teenagers Suffer Traumatic Orifice Injuries While Using Personal Watercraft.

As a result of an injurious personal watercraft excursion, this article will highlight the details of Colombo et al. v. Bombadier Recreational Products, Inc. et al. in the context of how the three defendants could have better managed the safety and risks to their customers and their own liability. These recommendations will illustrate issues around negligence, products liability, employee training, inadequate warnings, waivers and participation agreements, and participant education and instruction.Subscribe to TPE
Age Differences in the Content of Self-Defining Autobiographical Memories

Research has consistently shown that age is related to phenomenological memory characteristics (e.g., increased vividness is associated with increased age). However, little research has examined age-related qualitative differences in autobiographical memories. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine qualitative differences in the content of self-defining memories across age. Two hundred sixty-one individuals between the ages of 18 and 94 provided self-defining memory descriptions that were systematically categorized as part of a content analysis. No meaningful differences in content were identified across the three age groups. Word analysis was also conducted, and no differences in word choice were found across age. Results therefore suggest that the content of and the words used to describe self-defining memories are not significantly influenced by age. Keywords: aging, autobiographical memory, positivity effect, self-defining memory
Development and evaluation of the red flag campaign for the primary prevention of sexual and dating violence on college campuses.

Objective: Sexual and dating violence (SV/DV) on college campuses is a pervasive problem with far-reaching implications for public health. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a widely disseminated SV/DV primary prevention program, the Red Flag Campaign (RFC). Participants and Methods: An online survey was administered to 203 freshmen at a southeastern US university, of whom 82% reported exposure to the RFC in the previous month. Results: College students exposed to the RFC reported greater efficacy for intervening as a bystander compared to those students who were not exposed. These results held when looking at exposure to RFC messages specifically, but not RFC events. Conclusions: This evaluation offers preliminary evidence that the RFC is effective at increasing determinants of prosocial bystander behavior, the enactment of which could reduce SV/DV on college campuses. Implications and recommendations for college personnel implementing the RFC are discussed.
Psychosis in Parkinson disease: White matter matters.

Psychosis is a common and disturbing symptom complicating the course of Parkinson disease (PD). Past investigations of the cerebral structural changes associated with psychosis have focused on the gray matter1–3 and demonstrated that atrophic changes are associated with psychosis. Although white matter tracts clearly play a critical role in connecting cortical and ganglionic neural networks that are involved in the pathogenesis of psychosis,4 there has been little investigation into the white matter involvement in PD psychosis. The literature is constrained not only by limited sample sizes of fewer than a dozen patients with PD with psychosis but also by the study of only a restricted number of structures of interest.5,6
Antiretroviral Penetration and Drug Transporter Concentrations in the Spleens of Three Preclinical Animal Models and Humans.

Adequate antiretroviral (ARV) concentrations in lymphoid tissues are critical for optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART). While the spleen contains 25% of the body’s lymphocytes, there are minimal data on ARV penetration in this organ. This study quantified total and protein-unbound splenic ARV concentrations and determined whether drug transporters, sex, or infection status were modifiers of these concentrations in animal models and humans. Two humanized mice models (hu-HSC-Rag [n = 36; 18 HIV-positive (HIV+) and 18 HIV-negative (HIV−)] and bone marrow-liver-thymus [n = 13; 7 HIV+ and 6 HIV−]) and one nonhuman primate (NHP) model (rhesus macaque [n = 18; 10 SHIV+ and 8 SHIV−]) were dosed to steady state with ARV combinations. HIV+ human spleens (n = 14) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium were analyzed postmortem (up to 24 h postdose). ARV concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), drug transporter concentrations were measured with LC-MS proteomics, and protein binding in NHP spleens was determined by rapid equilibrium dialysis. Mice generally had the lowest splenic concentrations of the three species. Protein binding in splenic tissue was 6 to 96%, compared to 76 to 99% in blood plasma. NHPs had quantifiable Mrp4, Bcrp, and Ent1 concentrations, and humans had quantifiable ENT1 concentrations. None significantly correlated with tissue ARV concentrations. There was also no observable influence of infection status or sex. With these dosing strategies, NHP splenic penetration most closely resembled that of humans. These data can inform tissue pharmacokinetic scaling to humans to target HIV reservoirs by identifying important species-related differences.
Framing zero: Why losing nothing is better than gaining nothing

Abstract The framing of zero has a substantial effect on judgment and decision-making, a fact which is often ignored or unacknowledged by many authors. Although prior research has shown that zero carries a special meaning, no prior research has specifically examined the framing of zero. Across four studies, the current research demonstrates the effect the framing of zero has on judgment and decision-making and explores the underlying mechanisms. In the context of a simple gamble a small loss is more attractive than gaining nothing, but the same small loss is less attractive than losing nothing. The present studies test and support an explanation of these findings based on the concept of reference points and the affect heuristic. The framing of zero in these decision problems acts as a point of comparison, or reference point, affecting how evaluators feel about the bet. These results establish the importance of framing zero in judgment and decision-making and sheds light on the mediators of this effect.
Ultrasound and Doppler findings in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objectives To describe and compare ultrasound and Doppler findings in pregnant women who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with findings in those who were SARS-CoV-2-negative, evaluated during the pandemic period. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, we analyzed data from 106 pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of, or within 1 week of, an ultrasound scan between 1 May and 31 August 2020. Scans were either performed for routine fetal evaluation or indicated due to a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Forty-nine women were symptomatic and 57 were asymptomatic. For comparison, we analyzed data from 103 pregnant women matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index and gestational age at the time of the ultrasound scan. These control women did not report symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of the ultrasound scan or at the time of admission for delivery and had a negative SARS-CoV-2 test at admission for delivery. Fetal biometry, fetal anatomy, amniotic fluid volume and Doppler parameters, including umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery pulsatility indices, cerebroplacental ratio and biophysical profile (BPP), were evaluated as indicated. Biometric and Doppler values were converted to Z-scores for comparison. Our primary outcome, an adverse prenatal composite outcome (APCO) included any one or more of: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetus, oligohydramnios, abnormal BPP, abnormal Doppler velocimetry and fetal death. Comorbidities, delivery information and neonatal outcome were compared between the two groups. Results Eighty-seven (82.1%) women who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 had a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 . SARS-CoV-2-positive women had a higher prevalence of diabetes (26/106 (24.5%) vs 13/103 (12.6%); P = 0.03), but not of pre-eclampsia (21/106 (19.8%) vs 11/103 (10.7%); P = 0.08), compared with controls. The prevalence of APCO was not significantly different between SARS-CoV-2-positive women (19/106 (17.9%)) and controls (9/103 (8.7%)) (P = 0.06). There were no differences between SARS-CoV-2-positive women and controls in the prevalence of SGA fetuses (12/106 (11.3%) vs 6/103 (5.8%); P = 0.17), fetuses with abnormal Doppler evaluation (8/106 (7.5%) vs 2/103 (1.9%); P = 0.08) and fetuses with abnormal BPP (4/106 (3.8%) vs 0/103 (0%); P = 0.14). There were two fetal deaths in women who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and these women had a higher rate of preterm delivery ≤ 35 weeks of gestation (22/106 (20.8%) vs 9/103 (8.7%); odds ratio, 2.73 (95% CI, 1.19-6.3); P = 0.01) compared with controls. Conclusions There were no significant differences in abnormal fetal ultrasound and Doppler findings observed between pregnant women who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and controls. However, preterm delivery ≤ 35 weeks was more frequent among SARS-CoV-2-positive women. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Fit for America: Major John L. Griffith and the Quest for Athletics and Fitness: By Matthew Lindaman, Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 2018, xi + 280 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-81563-587-1

Matthew Lindaman’s historical account of the career of Major John L. Griffith makes the case that Griffith should be considered foundational to modern American collegiate sports, alongside other sh...
Nuisance, and Covenants, and Zoning, Oh My!

Professor Shelley Ross Saxer reviews Maureen E. Brady's "Turning Neighbors Into Nuisances," 134 Harv. L. Rev. 1609 (2021), which she identifies as one of the best works of recent scholarship relating to property law. Professor Saxer recommends Professor’s Brady’s historical dive into the nuisance covenants that gradually led to zoning regulation and the specification of permitted uses to avoid unwanted uses in advance of any harm and without the need to consult the common law of nuisance.
“I Stand by the Comments I Made”: The 2019 FIFA Women’s Soccer Championship: Images, Commentary and Narratives Made with Memes

Through the lens of performativity and narrative, this chapter examines the memes regarding the women’s soccer team distributed in June and July 2019 during the FIFA World Cup. The authors find that while women are visually narrated in a manner more akin to that of male athletes—emphasizing strength, competency and confidence—this is in part a result of a heteronormative discomfort with Megan Rapinoe’s sexuality. Hence, the memes—in an attempt to address this discomfort—narratively place her in a male role. This continued connection to masculinity further evidences that even when strides are made in female representations, the strides occur within familiar, acceptable frames—those in which men still have a central role to play.
Posterior glenoid wear in total shoulder arthroplasty: eccentric anterior reaming is superior to posterior augment.

Background Uncorrected glenoid retroversion during total shoulder arthroplasty may lead to an increased likelihood of glenoid prosthetic loosening. Augmented glenoid components seek to correct retroversion to address posterior glenoid bone loss, but few biomechanical studies have evaluated their performance.
Oligomerization Domains of G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Many recent reviews have thoroughly described the ability of a wide range of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to exist and to potentially function as oligomers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). This chapter summarizes the computational and experimental studies that have provided insight into the understanding of the structural basis of GPCR association. Particular emphasis is placed on the combined computational and experimental approach that we have recently developed to characterize the homodimerization interface of rhodopsin-like GPCRs.
Effectiveness of a Parent Health Report in Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Preschoolers and Kindergarteners.

Abstract Objective To determine the effectiveness of a parent health report on fruit and vegetable consumption among preschoolers and kindergarteners. Design Pre-post open design trial and a randomized controlled trial. Setting A university-sponsored preschool and kindergarten. Participants A total of 63 parents of preschool and kindergarten students participated in the pre-post open design trial and 65 parents participated in the randomized controlled trial. Intervention Parents in intervention groups were given a parent health report providing information about their child's fruit and vegetable intake as well as recommendations for how to increase their child's fruit and vegetable consumption. Main Outcome Measure Change in fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis Latent growth curve modeling with Bayesian estimation. Results Vegetable consumption increased by 0.3 servings/d in the open trial and 0.65 servings/d in the randomized trial. Fruit consumption did not increase significantly in either study. Conclusions and Implications Results from both an open trial and a randomized controlled trial suggested that the parent health report may be a beneficial tool to increase vegetable consumption in preschoolers and kindergarteners. Increases in vegetable consumption can lead to the establishment of lifelong habits of healthy vegetable intake and decrease risk for chronic diseases.
Planning and Optimizing Semantic Information Requests Using Domain Modeling and Resource Characteristics

The focus of information integration systems providing single access to data from distributed, diverse, and autonomous sources (including web-based sources) has changed from syntax and structure to semantics, allowing more meaningful integration of data. InfoQuilt goes one step further to support knowledge discovery by providing users with tools to analyze the data, understand the domains and relationships between them, and explore new potential relationships. It provides a framework to model the semantics of domains, complex semantic relationships between them, characteristics of available sources, and provides an interface to specify information requests that the system can "understand". This thesis focuses on the use of knowledge about domains, their relationships, and sources to efficiently create practical execution plans for such semantic information requests.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN ACTIVITY NETWORKS UNDER STOCHASTIC CONDITION: A GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING - SAMPLE PATH OPTIMIZATION APPROACH

We depart from the conventional ‘resource constrained project scheduling problem’, better known under the acronym RCPSP, by adding the element of randomness to the activities. In particular, we assume that each activity in the project has a work content that is exponentially distributed. The duration of an activity is then modeled as a function of the random work content and the allocated resources; the exact functional relationship can be arbitrarily defined. The stochastic optimization problem is approached by a method that is a ‘marriage’ between geometric programming (GP) and sample path optimization (SPO) that is flexible and can be implemented in a modular fashion.
Introducing computer aided instruction in electromagnetics courses at Drexel university

This paper describes the intrcduction of Computer Aided Instruction in the electromagnetics class room.
Complex Litigation: Revisiting Agent Orange

Commentary and analysis of the oral arguments before the Supreme Court in In re Agent Orange Prod. Liab. Litig. on appeal from the Second Circuit in Dow Chemical Co. v. Stephenson. The underlying litigation presented an attack against the Agent Orange settlement, finalized in the Eastern District of New York in 1984 and approved by the Second Circuit in 1986. The issue before the Court concerned whether absent class members who had failed to opt-out of the Agent Orange class action settlement nearly twenty years before – claiming that they had not received notice – could subsequently collaterally attack the settlement as not fair, adequate, and reasonable. The supervising federal Judge Jack Weinstein had rejected the Vietnam veterans’ subsequent collateral attack, but the Second Circuit reversed and held that due process permitted the subsequent collateral attack against the Agent Orange settlement. The Second Circuit concluded that the veteran’s challenges to the Agent Orange settlement needed to be determined by the Court’s landmark rulings in Amchem Prods. Inc. v. Windsor (1997) and Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp. (1999). The appellees revisited these arguments on appeal to the Supreme Court, arguing that the Court’s articulation of due process requirements for settlement classes had been heightened in these two decisions. The Court will revisit the possibility of subsequent collateral attack in the context of its decisions in Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940) and Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts, 472 U.S. 7979 (1985).
Distributed jammer performance in Rayleigh fading

A distributed jammer is a set of small jamming transmitters distributed over a region to disrupt tactical communications. Propagation losses experienced by terrestrial jammers will be comparable to losses seen by the target radio links, with multipath fading, and power failing off faster than 1/r/sup 2/. An intelligent distributed jammer can partly overcome excess propagation loss by exploiting the proximity and small number of targets in each node's coverage region to extract information needed for frequency following or synchronized pulsed jamming. The coverage radius of an individual jammer node is an important system parameter, determining the number of nodes required. and the resulting jammer cost. A set of equations are presented that give the probability of jamming a target receiver randomly located inside a fixed range, when both communications and jamming signals suffer from Rayleigh fading. and average jammer power falls off faster than line-of-sight power. An upper bound on jammer performance improvement with intelligent jamming is found by assuming the nodes are able to extract desired target signal information. and calculating the improvement in jammer reliability with a fixed coverage range. Both frequency followers and synchronized pulsed jammers are examined. Performance improvement is greatest when each node's coverage region contains a limited number of distinct communications sub-networks.
Long-Term Winter Inversion Properties in a Mountain Valley of the Western United States and Implications on Air Quality

AbstractBecause of the geography of a narrow valley and surrounding tall mountains, Cache Valley (located in northern Utah and southern Idaho) experiences frequent shallow temperature inversions that are both intense and persistent. Such temperature inversions have resulted in the worst air quality in the nation. In this paper, the historical properties of Cache Valley’s winter inversions are examined by using two meteorological stations with a difference in elevation of approximately 100 m and a horizontal distance apart of ~4.5 km. Differences in daily maximum air temperature between two stations were used to define the frequency and intensity of inversions. Despite the lack of a long-term trend in inversion intensity from 1956 to present, the inversion frequency increased in the early 1980s and extending into the early 1990s but thereafter decreased by about 30% through 2013. Daily mean air temperatures and inversion intensity were categorized further using a mosaic plot. Of relevance was the discovery...
Diagnosing and treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults

Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a valid and impairing psychiatric disorder. In this article, we review the diagnosis of ADHD in adults, focusing on symptom presentation differences between pediatric and adult ADHD as well as the importance of assessing functional impairments. Differentiating ADHD from other clinical disorders is often the most difficult part of making an ADHD diagnosis in adults. Psychiatric comorbidities are also described and discussed as potential impact factors upon not only diagnosing ADHD but also treatment of adult ADHD. Especially in those adults with psychiatric comorbidities, treatments need to be multimodal and include both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions.
Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Systemic and Intracranial Disease

Recent advances in neuroimaging have improved our understanding of intracranial diseases in children. An integrated understanding of these disease has also emerged from the proliferation of multidisciplinary clinics and programs combining expertise in pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, neuropathology, neuroradiology, neuro-oncology, and neuro-ophthalmology. Genetic defects are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of various intracranial disorders, and basic research is elucidating many of these diseases at the molecular level, Refinement in neurosurgical management will undoubtedly continue to play a significant role in the treatment of these disorders, but the future holdss promise as preventative measures are expected tc arise from molecular genetic research.
Immunological labeling of oral bacteria after demineralization. An ultrastructural study.

Demineralization of teeth with their adherent bacterial flora is a prerequisite for the localization of selected species in sections of undisturbed bacterial deposits by immunoelectron microscopy. The effect of EDTA dernineralization on the immunological labeling of Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral bacteria was tested on strains of Actinomycesviscosus, A. israelii, Eikertella corrodens, Bacieroides meloninogenicus. Capnocytophaga sputigena and Wolinella recta. After 3 months in EDTA, cells prefixed in paraformaldehyde-picric acid were washed and incubated with homologous rabbit antiscrum followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG to enhance the immunocoating reaction. Samples were then processed for transmission electron microscopy. Control specimens included (1) demineralized cells incubated with pre-immune rabbit sera instead of homologous antisera (2) cells stored for 3 months in PBS instead of EDTA (3) fresh cells processed for immunocoating immediately after prefixation and washing. No detectable immunocoating layer was found on the cells of the control group incubated with pre-immune rabbitserum, EDTA treated cells demonstrated an immunocoating layer of similar density and thickness to that of cells stored in PBS, or fresh cells. The results indicate that immunoelectron microscopic localization of bacterial cells may be feasible in ullrathin sections of demineralized dental specimens.
HEMODYNAMIC ADAPTATIONS IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

The dye dilution technique can provide useful information regarding the newborn cardiovascular system if attention is paid to certain limitations imposed by the peculiarities of the age group being studied. It is necessary that an accurate dye injection system be used and that analysis of the dye curves be done in specified manners. All the newborns studied had a left-to-right shunt present during the first 2 hours of life. The size of the shunt was relatively constant, averaging 35%, and was not influenced by route of delivery. Although not proven by our studies, it seems probable that this shunt is through the ductus arteriosus. A right-to-left shunt, also presumed to be at the ductal level, was present in all babies up to the age of 40 minutes. After the age of 60 minutes, the majority no longer demonstrate such a shunt. The average left ventricular output for the entire group was 3.9 1/min/m2. Left ventricular output and right ventricular output were both significantly greater in babies delivered vaginally than in those delivered by cesarean section, the difference being most marked at age 60 minutes. Since the size of the left-to-right shunt was the same for both groups, pulmonary blood flow was also higher in vaginally delivered babies. The significance of these important physiologic findings in terms of neonatal pathology, has not been determined.
Sodium hydrogen dipicolinate dipicolinic acid trihydrate: Synthesis, structure, and valence bond sums

The synthesis and crystal structure of sodium hydrogen dipicolinate dipicolinic acid trihydrate, NaHdipic · H2dipic · 3H2O,I, is reported. There is a hydrogen bonded H3(dipic)2− unit in which an Hdipic− ion functions as a tridentate chelate to the Na+ ion while the second H2dipic functions as a monodentate ligand and bridging unit. The Na+ ion is in the center of a pentagonal bipyramid with two water molecules in the axial positions. The equatorial plane is composed of an Hdipic− ion, a water molecule and an oxygen from the H2dipic. An analysis of data in the Cambridge Structural Database for Na+ compounds using Valence Bond Sums has produced newr0 values of 1.743 for Na−O and 1.891 for Na−N.
Allergy and adverse drug reactions

This review begins with a classification of adverse drug reactions and a summary of those features that distinguish allergic from toxic and idiosyncratic reactions. Factors that influence the risk of developing drug allergy are then reviewed, followed by a discussion of the known and suspected immunologic mechanisms responsible for the development of drug allergy. The next section—on the types of clinical reactions—begins with the reactions that are mediated, or suspected of being mediated, by antibodies of the immunoglobulin E class. These are followed by a description of reactions involving single organ systems and those involving several systems. The next section reviews the cutaneous reactions that are sometimes due to drug allergy, and those that may be mistakenly blamed on drug allergy. This is followed by a discussion of pseudoallergic drug reactions—caused by toxicity or side effects of some drugs. The review concludes with a discussion of the prevention and treatment of reactions that are allergic or commonly suspected of being allergic.