cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE NEW ESCORT. THE EUROPEAN VERSION OF FORD'S WORLDWIDE PINTO-ESCORT CONCEPT

The new Ford Escort is a front–wheel driven vehicle with a 3/5–door semi fast back Sedan body style, with Wagon/Van derivatives. Its new aluminium head OHC engines of 1100cc, 1300cc and 1600cc displacement feature hemispherical combustion chambers and hydraulic tappets. To allow for optimum and flexible use of Ford's engine plant capacities the new Escort is also marketed in some European countries with the well known 1100cc Valencia engine of the Fiesta (Aigner and Franz, 1978). The Sedan and Wagon models have independent rear suspensions, and the Van derivative has a beam rear axle with leaf springs on an extended wheel base. The front suspension is based on the reliable McPherson strut concept with offset springs; the 1100cc model has a tie bar, and the 1300cc and 1600cc models have stabilizer antiroll bars to hold and support the front axle. The 4–speed, all synchro–mesh gear box is of the same design as the Fiesta's, which permits multi model usage and manufacturing rationalisation. An automatic 3–speed transmission option is in development and will be launched soon. Similar to other Ford models the new Escort series range from Base and 'L' to 'GL' and Ghia with additional 'S' pack versions and a Super 'S' for sporty driving. Local customer needs and preferences, together with national legal requirements made it necessary to combine and optimise body styles, engines and series for 15 different markets. The summary of technical data and features at the end of this report gives an impression of the many combinations possible.
Nutritional effects on beef collagen characteristics and palatability

Summary To determine effects of different nutritional regimens on beef palatability and collagen characteristics, we randomly assigned 18 Hereford steers of similar age and nutritional background to three treatment groups: group 1 was slaughtered directly off pasture at about 19 to 20 months of age; group 2, composed of animals the same age as those in group 1, was slaughtered after being fed a high energy diet for 120 days, and group 3, 23 to 24 months of age, was slaughtered after 126 days on a high energy diet. Feeding the high energy diet increased USDA quality and yield grades. Longissimus (LD) steaks from the three groups did not differ in total collagen content, sarcomere length, Warner-Bratzler shear force, cooking loss or sensory panel ratings for tenderness, juiciness and flavor intensity. However, LD samples from group 3 animals had a higher (P<.05) percentage of salt plus acid soluble collagen and less organoleptically detectable connective tissue than LD samples from group 1. LD samples from group 2 animals had a higher (P<.05) percentage of salt soluble collagen than those from group 1. Biceps fernoris (BF) steaks from group 1 steers were juicier than those from groups 2 and 3. Feeding regimen did not consistently affect BF collagen solubility, taste panel tenderness or shear force. Beef from grass-finished cattle received acceptable taste panel scores. The effects of the high energy diet on plasma nonprotein hydroxyproline content and live animal weight were monitored in group 3. Plasma nonprotein hydroxyproline content (an indicator of collagen degradation) was highest at approximately 42 days on feed and corresponded well with weight gain. These results suggest that collagen turnover is accelerated during the rapid
Training Clinical Child Psychologists

At present there is no consensus on standards for training clinical child psychologists (as distinct from training clinical psychologists in general). This presents a dilemma for the student who wants to become a child clinician. How can such a student select the best school to attend? The lack of consensus also makes it difficult for faculty and clinical supervisors who are attempting to provide relevant graduate, internship, or postdoctoral training. This chapter reviews the literature on clinical child training and presents some new data on the current members of the Section on Clinical Child Psychology, where they were trained, and on the long-term relative quality of some graduate training programs.
Pairwise Force Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model for multiphase flow

We present a novel formulation of the Pairwise Force Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (PF-SPH) model and use it to simulate two- and three-phase flows in bounded domains. In the PF-SPH model, the Navier-Stokes equations are discretized with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and the Young-Laplace boundary condition at the fluid-fluid interface and the Young boundary condition at the fluid-fluid-solid interface are replaced with pairwise forces added into the Navier-Stokes equations. We derive a relationship between the parameters in the pairwise forces and the surface tension and static contact angle. Next, we demonstrate the model's accuracy under static and dynamic conditions. Finally, we use the Pf-SPH model to simulate three phase flow in a porous medium.
Soil pH and Lime Management for Corn and Soybean

Little field research evaluated buffer pH methods to estimate lime requirement (LR) such as Sikora and Mehlich that include no hazardous chemicals. This study assessed how Shoemaker-McLean-Pratt (SMP), Sikora, and Mehlich buffers, titratable acidity (TA), and soil properties relate to soil pH change due to liming under on-farm conditions. Experiments were established in 2.54to 6.42-ha areas of 14 Iowa fields. Replicated treatments were a control and 6.72 Mg ha -1 of effective calcium carbonate equivalent. Soil samples (19 48 per site, 15-cm depth) were collected before and 6to 12-months after liming. Soil pH was 4.60 to 8.05 across all samples. Mean SMP, Sikora, and Mehlich buffer pH values across all samples differed (P < 0.05) and were 6.44, 6.38, and 5.78, respectively. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), and clay explained a higher proportion of soil pH change variation due to liming (23, 9, and 6%) than any buffer method or TA (1 to 3%). Sikora and SMP were highly correlated (r 2 0.92), did not differ for most soil series, and current SMP calibrations for LR could be used for Sikora. Sikora needs a different calibration for five soils and Mehlich for all soils, however, because values were lower than for SMP. Soil pH and OM together with SMP, Sikora, or Mehlich explained 28, 37, and 45% of the field pH change variation. Therefore, use of pH and OM together with Sikora or Mehlich buffers would provide the best prediction of LR under conditions like those in this study.
Measurement of Ventricular Wall Motion, Epicardial Electrical Mapping, and Myocardial Fiber Angles in the Same Heart

Methods for the precise measurement of three dimensional myocardial motion non-invasivley with MRI have recently been developed. These methods use a technique called "presaturation tagging" to mark the myocardium, and rapid MRI to track the motion of these markers. A unique capability of this method is the production of strain images representing the local deformation of the myocardium. These images clearly show the sequence of events during the activation of the heart, and can demonstrate abnormalities caused by asynchronous electrical activation or ischemia. Coupled with the near simultaneous mapping of electrical depolarization with an epicardial sock array, we can investigate the relationship between electical activity and mechanical function on a local level. Registered fiber angle maps can be obtained in the same heart with diffusion MRI to assist in the construction of the mechano-electrical model of the whole heart.
Family Matters as Public Work: Reformers' Dreams for the Progressive Era Juvenile Court

The child-savers who spearheaded the Juvenile Court of Cook County in the Progressive Era invoked both paternalism and maternalism to expand the authority and administrative reach of the Juvenile Court. Their efforts allowed the Juvenile Court to develop a practice of keeping families intact and providing benefits to families. The Juvenile Court distributed mothers’ pensions and thus served as an incubator of the New Deal state. This paper recovers the innovation and possibilities for political development in county-level courts in the Progressive Era.
Cell-surface glycosyltransferases in gastrulating chick embryos. I. Temporally and spatially specific patterns of four endogenous glycosyltransferase activities.

Abstract Seven classes of endogenous cell-surface glycosyltransferase activities have been investigated in gastrulating chick embryos. Galactosyl-, N-acetylglucosaminyl-, fucosyl-, and sialyl-transferases show temporally and spatially specific autoradiographic patterns that are characteristic for each transferase class. Invaginating primitive streak cells, primordial germ cells, and cranial neural crest cells demonstrate some of the most intense extracellular glycosyltransferase activity. Glucosyl-, N-acetylgalactosaminyl-, and glucuronyltransferases are relatively inactive under these assay conditions. A model is proposed that suggests that embryonic cells migrate over carbohydrate substrates via surface transferase binding to exposed oligosac-charide side chains. One prediction of this model is that sugar nucleotides may be teratogenic. Preliminary experiments support such a prediction. Embryos incubated with UDPgal and UDPglcNAc develop abnormally in ways that are consistent with the locations of some transferase classes. The free sugars, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine, as well as one of the inactive sugar nucleotides, are relatively ineffective in disturbing normal morphogenesis.
Capital positions of Japanese banks

This paper measures and analyzes two types of hidden capital at Japanese banks: (1) the net undervaluation present in accounting measures of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities and (2) the net economic value of off-balance-sheet items. A model is constructed that explains changes in both types of capital as functions of holding that explains changes in both types of capital as functions of holding-period returns earned in Japan on stocks, bonds, yen, and real estate. The model is applied to annual data covering 1975-1989 and a four-class size/charter partition of the Japanese banking system. For each type of hidden capital and each class of bank, the model develops estimates of the stock-market, interest-rate, foreign-exchange, and real estate sensitivities of returns to bank stockholders. Only the stock-market sensitivities prove significant at five percent. This finding leads us to investigate what happens when we analyze Japanese bank stock returns by means of stationary and split-sample market models. Timeseries regressions show that very large Japanese banks have developed stockmarket betas in excess of two and that the value of a bank's beta has come to increase with measures of its size and accounting leverage. Future research will investigate the sensibility of our results to different ways of pooling data from individual banks and to more-sophisticated methods for estimating various parameters. We also plan to extend the analysis by imbedding it in a model of how variations in bank-customer contracting arrangements in Japan affect the returns that can be earned by bank stockholders.
Exploring Personality with the Interpersonal Circumplex

The interpersonal circumplex can serve as both companion and guide for those interested in exploring the interpersonal domain of personality. This article offers a relatively nontechnical overview of the model and its various applications in the study of personality. I begin by defining the interpersonal circumplex, its structure and in what sense it is 'interpersonal'. As part of that, I will briefly consider how circumplex measures of personality, such as the Interpersonal Adjective Scales, are typically evaluated for fit to the model. I will next describe applications of the model for exploring both the idiographic (person-centered) and nomothetic (variable-centered) realms of personality. In person-centered research, the circumplex leads to useful ways of summarizing the basic interpersonal features of a given individual. In variable-centered research, the circumplex can help elucidate the essential interpersonal meaning of personality constructs such as traits, problems, and motives. To explain how the circumplex can help us explore personality - idiographically and nomothetically - I will draw on a variety of studies, including several recent studies that extend the model in new ways.
ON CORRELATIONS IN INCLUSIVE REACTIONS

We consider the nature of correlations in inclusive hadronic reactions. Assuming the existence of hadronic scaling, we study the constraints imposed by energy-momentum conservation, and deduce that they seem not to lead to correlations of long range in rapidity. We show that short-range correlations must obey various restrictions in order to guarantee consistency with conservation laws. Following Le Bellac and Wilson, we investigate the nature of correlations when diffractive processes are present, and show that these processes lead to long-range correlations. In Mueller’s Regge analysis of inclusive reactions these would correspond to failures of the Pomeranchuk singularity to factorize. Lower bounds are established for the average correlation between two particles of similar type when there is nonshrinking diffraction. The existence of correlations between particles of different types cannot be established unless specific additional assumptions are made. The implications of our results for experiment are discussed.
Simulation and evaluation of FTP and TCP/IP on FDDI backbone network

Presents an evaluation of the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) under various traffic conditions by simulating file transfer between two Ethernet stations connected via an FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) backbone. The model is built using a simulation language called Research Queueing Package. The results presented indicate that TCP works slower for smaller files, partly because of the chosen parameter values (e.g. buffer sizes, the initial window size, the initial timeout value) and partly because of the long wait for the retransmission timeout to expire. The simulation results and data from a real FTP (file transfer protocol) show that TCP/IP is sensitive to different parameter values, especially the timeout values. It is also found that TCP introduces a significant overhead. Therefore, it is concluded that TCP is not very efficient for strictly local area networks, and that a more efficient protocol for this purpose must be developed. >
Strain energy release rate analysis of cyclic delamination growth in compressively loaded laminates

Abstract : In composite structures subjected to compression loads, delaminations can cause localized buckling (fig. 1). High interlaminar stresses at the edges of the buckled region often lead to cyclic delamination growth (herein referred to as instability-related delamination growth). The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of instability-related delamination growth. Figure 1 shows the configuration used in the study--a laminate with a 'through-width' delamination. This configuration was selected because it is perhaps the simplest configuration that exhibits instability-related delamination growth. Goals of the investigation were: (1) to develop and use an approximate superposition stress analysis to explain how various geometric, material, and load parameters affect interlaminar stresses, (2) to determine the delamination growth behaviors predicted by several different criteria based on strain energy release rates, and (3) to compare analytical calculations with experimental observations to determine the applicability of each growth criterion. (MM)
Compliance with Medicine

Compliance with medication regimens is critical in assessing the effectiveness of treatments. As new drugs are approved for marketing and prescribed to diverse patient populations, the FDA now recommends further observational studies to continuously monitor unforeseen side effects or efficacy. More research is needed to develop valid and reliable tools to assess adherence of patients to treatment recommendations and adherence of patients to treatment guidelines, when applicable. Information on adherence is a relevant to physicians and their patients as it is to insurers and payers, who need to implement cost-effective disease management programs. This review also has highlighted examples in the adherence literature specific to glaucoma medications and based on longitudinal survival analyses of claims data. Such results may be best complemented by primary, survey-based data collected from patients in observational studies.
Older Women and Intimate Partner Violence

Older women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) have received limited attention from researchers, service providers, and policy makers. This is beginning to change with population aging; by 2050 there will be an estimated 61 million women of 60 years of age and older in the United States. The US prevalence data on IPV in late life are conflicting, ranging from a low of 2.2% to a high of 26.5%. Older women victims of IPV often experience fears associated with verbal abuse, as well as physical and mental health problems (e.g., joint and digestive problems; depression). They also face barriers when seeking help because domestic violence services tend to target younger women of reproductive age and elder abuse services frequently focus on frail, cognitively impaired older adults. Interventions, such as support groups and shelter programs designed for older women victims of IPV, have been shown to be helpful but difficult to sustain. Keywords: abuse and violence against older women; elder abuse; intimate partner violence; neglect
A necessary redirection for certain educational technologies

Abstract The last twenty years have witnessed much effort devoted to increasing educational effectiveness and/or efficiency through a strong alliance with technology, particularly computers. This paper attempts to demonstrate that two such application areas, instructional gaming and computer aided instruction, have been less than spectacular successes despite massive investments. The fault lies not so much in technological shortcomings, but in very incomplete theories of how these technologies abet learning. We have become so enamoured with the technologies that we have failed to recognize the potential failures to which current trends have been leading.
Differential phenotypic variability among the Apalachee mission populations of La Florida: A diachronic perspective

Phenotypic variability is evaluated in a series of skeletal samples from the Apalachee region of Florida. Based on ethnohistoric evidence, several predictive models for changes in variability are generated. If variability decreases through time, this likely represents the effect of genetic drift in populations experiencing epidemic disease and population loss. If variability increases through time, this suggests that population aggregation or genetic admixture were primary factors shaping the Apalachee population during the mission period. Dental dimensions were collected from a series of precontact (pre-1500), early mission (AD 1633–1650) (San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale), and late mission (post-1657) (San Luis) samples from the Apalachee region and were subjected to univariate and multivariate variability analyses. The results indicate that the late mission San Luis sample was significantly more variable than the Patale or precontact samples; however, the Patale sample exhibited no significant variability change in comparison to the precontact population. This suggests that the missions initially effected limited change in genetic variability in the mission populations. However, San Luis was affected by either admixture or population aggregation to such a degree that the observed variation had increased beyond earlier levels. Given the limited historic evidence for population aggregation at this mission, and the comparatively large resident Spanish population, the increased variability may be indicative of admixture at this mission, and potentially at this mission only. Based on a limited data set, however, it appears that the mission period cannot be typified by a single evolutionary or historic process. Am J Phys Anthropol 120:352–363, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE GLOBALIZATION OF A MINOR SPORT: THE DIFFUSION AND COMMODIFICATION OF MASTERS SWIMMING

ABSTRACT We examine the global spread of Masters Swimming (MS) focusing on the economic, social, and demographic conditions associated with its initiation in the United States and its international growth. We characterize MS as a modern sport and look at its subcultural form, organizational structure, practices, and early pattern of organizational growth from bottom to top. Then we describe the top down role of La Federation Internationale de Natation Amateur (FINA) in supplying legitimacy, resources, organizational coherence, and corporate sponsors to spread the sport among FINA members. By establishing mutually beneficial relations with corporate sponsors, MS rapidly commodified and diffused to countries and territories with middle to high socio-economic development.
A fluorescence-based high throughput assay for the determination of small molecule−human serum albumin protein binding

Herein, we describe the development of a fluorescence-based high throughput assay to determine the small molecule binding towards human serum albumin (HSA). This innovative competition assay is based on the use of a novel fluorescent small molecule Red Mega 500 with unique spectroscopic and binding properties. The commercially available probe displays a large fluorescence intensity difference between the protein-bound and protein-unbound state. The competition of small molecules for HSA binding in the presence of probe resulted in low fluorescence intensities. The assay was evaluated with the library of pharmacological active compounds (LOPAC) small molecule library of 1,280 compounds identifying known high protein binders. The small molecule competition of HSA−Red Mega 500 binding was saturable at higher compound concentrations and exhibited IC50 values between 3 and 24 μM. The compound affinity toward HSA was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry indicating that the new protein binding assay is a valid high throughput assay to determine plasma protein binding.
The acetate complexing by trivalent actinide ions

Abstract The stability constant for the formation of the monoacetate complexes of trivalent Ce, Eu, Am, Cm, Bk and Cf have been determined by a solvent extraction technique in a 2·0 M (NaClO4) ionic medium. The thermodynamic parameters of complex formation were obtained by the temperature differential method. These thermodynamic values are interpreted as supporting a model of inner sphere complexing. Both the enthalpy and entropy values are larger for the actinides than for the lanthanides reflecting a greater degree of dehydration of the former upon complexation.
How do people manage interruptions in complex decision making tasks

Interruption is a non-trivial part of complex work, in that interruptions frequently contain useful information. When choosing how to manage an interruption, this potential usefulness must be considered along with potential disruption to the ongoing task. This paper proposes two experiments that investigate the strategies that people use to manage interruptions in a computer-based, team decision making task.
Jewish Immigrant Associations and American Identity in New York, 1880-1939

How did the vast number of Jewish immigrants from different regions of Eastern Europe form their American ethnic identity? To answer this question this book examines how Jewish immigrant hometown associations transformed old-world communal ties into vehicles for integration into American society. Focusing on New York this study explores the organizations' full range of activities, and aims to show how the newcomers exercised a high degree of agency in their growing identification with American society. The book suggests that many immigrants cultivated their own identification with American society to a far greater extent than is usually recognized.
Inheritance of serum transferrins in rhesus monkeys.

AN extensive polymorphism of transferrin, the iron binding protein of plasma, has been detected among rhesus monkeys and other macaques1–5. In previous work5, 19 phenotypes due to different combinations of nine molecular forms of transferrin could be distinguished by starch-gel electrophoresis. Additional transferrin variations have now been discovered (Goodman, M., unpublished data), and there are at least 28 phenotypes and 11 molecular forms of transferrin present in the genus Macaca, the rhesus group alone showing 21 of these phenotypes and 9 of these transferrins.
Robust stability analysis of systems with real parametric uncertainty: A global optimization approach

This paper presents an optimization framework for the robustness analysis of linear and nonlinear systems with real parameter uncertainty. For linear systems, a nonlinear programming formulation for the exact calculation of the stability margin is presented. The potential of decomposition-based global optimization methods for the solution of this nonconvex problem is discussed. Next the concept of the stability margin is extended to a class of nonlinear systems. A nonlinear stability margin and a uniqueness margin are defined to address the effect of parametric uncertainty on the stability of a particular steady state, as well as on the number of steady states of the system. This analysis allows for the derivation of necessary and sufficient conditions for robust stability and robust uniqueness of the steady state of the system in the presence of parametric uncertainty.
The Sky is Falling Black Studies and the Politics of Public Discourse

This article is in response to Robin Wilson's April 22, 2005, piece in the Chronicle of Higher Educationand the larger issues that it evokes. The author frames her argument in the context of the wa...
Quinine-Effect on Tetrahymena pyriformis 11: Comparative Activity of the Stereoisomers,Quinidine and Quinine

Treatment of heat-synchronized Tetrahymena with quinine or quinidine resulted in inhibition of synchronized cell division. Syntheses of DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids were also effectively blocked by both drugs. The effects of quinine and quinidine were quantitatively the same in all instances, indicating that the intracellular action of the two drugs in Tetrahymena is similar.
Locating resonances for Axiom A dynamical systems

For a class of differentiable dynamical systems (called Axiom A systems) it has been shown by Pollicott and the author that correlation functions have Fourier transforms which are meromorphic in a strip. The poles (or resonances) are, however, not easy to locate. This note reviews the results which are known and discusses a simple model where the position of resonances can be estimated. The effect of noise is also discussed.
Implementing functional programs on a hypercube multiprocessor

Alfalfa is an implementation of a functional language on the Intel iPSC multiprocessor. It is based on a heterogeneous abstract machine model consisting of both graph reduction and stack oriented execution. Alfalfa has two major components, a compiler and a run-time system. The source language, ALFL, contains no constructs that allow the programmer to specify parallelism or synchronization; thus it is the task of the compiler to detect the exploitable parallelism in a program. The run-time system supports dynamic scheduling, interprocessor communication, and storage management. A number of statistics gathered during execution are presented.
The National Occupational Research Agenda for Musculoskeletal Disorders: An Overview

A report by a working group under the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) outlines areas of new research that will have the greatest impact for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the next decade. The report is based on input by more than 200 representatives from industry, labor, and other sectors. According to the report, surveillance research is needed to identify trends, develop strategies for preventing injuries, and evaluate the effectiveness of those strategies. Etiologic and medical research is needed to identify risk factors for job-related musculoskeletal disorders, including biomechanical factors such as intensity and frequency of exposure, work-organization factors, and personal variables such as an individual's size, strength, and history of injury. Intervention research is needed to evaluate new and existing strategies for preventing or reducing the incidence, severity, and disability associated with job-related musculoskeletal disorders. The report also provi...
Glucose metabolism and the hexose monophosphate shunt in bovine erythrocytes

Abstract 1. 1. The glycolytic rate for bovine erythrocytes during a one hour in vitro incubation was determined. 2. 2. The specific yields of 14CO, from [1-14C] glucose and [16-14C] glucose suggested the absence of a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. 3. Calculations involving glycolytic rates and specific yields indicate that two functional pathways are involved in glucose metabolism. 4. 4. It is concluded that the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway is the major route of glucose metabolism and that the hexose monophosphate shunt plays a secondary role.
Arginine vasopressin innoculates against age-related increases in sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake and discrepancies in the content of temporal memory

Systematic injections of arginine vasopressin (AVP, 0.08 pressor units/kg i.p.) to mature rats (10–13 months) trained on a positively reinforced timing task prevented the age-related discrepancies in the content of temporal memory and the increases in sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake (SDHCU) in the frontal cortex observed in control rats when the rats became aged (27–30 months). AVP administration had no effect on muscarinic receptor density as measured by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding or on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in either the hippocampus or the frontal cortex.
The blink reflex to light in the newborn: relation to light-evoked cortical potentials in the EEG.

UMMARY An analysis has been made of the reciprocal relationship of the blink reflex to light and the corresponding light-evoked cortical potential in the newborn infant. On most occasions the sensory evoked cortical potential preceded the blink, but in a consistent number of observations they coincided, and occasionally the beginning of the blink appeared to precede the peak of the evoked cortical potential. These observations favour the view that the blink reflex in the newborn infant is mediated by subcortical pathways. RESUME Le reflexe de clignotement des paupieres a la lumiere chez le nouveau-ne: sa relation avec les potentiels corticaux induits par la lumiere dans l' EEG On a analyse les relations entre le reflexe de clignotement des paupieres a la lumiere et le potentiel cortical correspondant induit par la lumiere chez le nouveau-ne. La plupart du temps le potentiel cortical induit par les sens precede le clignotement, mais dans un nombre constant d'observations ils coincident et parfois le debut du clignotement semble preceder le sommet du potentiel cortical induit. Ces observations viennent a l'appui de l'opinion selon laquelle, chez le nouveau-ne humain, le reflexe de clignotement est produit par l'intermediaire des voies subcorticales. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Blinzel-Reflex aufLicht bei Neugeborenen: sein Verhaltnis zu dem visuell hervorgerufenen kortikalen Potential in EEG Eine Analyse ist gemacht worden von dem reziprokalen Verhaltnis des Blinzel-Reflexes auf Licht zu dem entsprechenden durch Licht hervorgerufenen kortikalen Potential bei dem neugeborenen Kind. In den meisten Fallen ging das sensorisch hervorgerufene kortikale Potential dem Blinzeln voraus, aber bei einer bedeutenden Anzahl von Beobachtungen trafen sie zusammen, und in einigen Fallen schien der Anfang des Blinzelns dem Hohepunkt des hervorgerufenen kortikalen Potentials vorauszugehen. Diese Beobachtungen begunstigen die Ansicht dass der Blinzel-Reflex bei dem menschlichen Neugeborenen von subkortikalen Leitungen vermittelt wird. RESUMEN El refiejo de parpadear al ver una luz en los recien nacidos: sus relaciones con el potencial cortical producido por la luz y registrado en el EEG Se ha hecho un analisis de las relaciones reciprocas del refiejo de parpadear al ver una luz, y el potencial cortical correspondiente producido por la luz en los recien nacidos. En la mayoria de los casos el potencial cortical producido al ver una luz precedeo el parpadeo, pero en un numero consistente de observaciones los dos coincidieron, y algunas veces el principio del parpadeo parecio anteceder el maximo del potencial cortical. Estas observaciones dan apoyo a la creencia de que en los recien nacidos el refiejo de parpadear es mediada por vias subcorticales.
Hypertriglyceridemia in ehrlich ascites carcinomatous mice. Tumor and mouse strain differences.

Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth in mice induces hypertriglyceridemia. The degree of hypertriglyceridemia found in one laboratory (Spector’s) was much greater than we observed in our laboratory. Moreover, major differences were reported with respect to fasting (no effect on tumor extracellular fluid triglyceride levels in Spector’s tumor-bearing mice; marked decrease in ours). We have obtained tumorous CBA mice from Spector’s laboratory and have studied them simultaneously with our Swiss-Webster mice. Triglyceride levels of the above two groups and from two controlled crossover groups, included to evaluate the influence of mouse and tumor strains on hypertriglyceridemia, were determined. The CBA mice had intense hypertriglyceridemia and high triglyceride levels in tumor extracellular fluid regardless of the subline source of ascites tumor. On the other hand, only mild hyperlipidemia was induced with both strains of tumor in Swiss-Webster mice. Thus, the variations in plasma and tumor extracellular fluid triglyceride levels probably arise from the mouse strains and not from variations in the tumor subline. Fasting caused a decrease in both plasma and tumor extracellular fluid triglyceride concentrations in CBA, as well as in Swiss-Webster mice. A mouse strain difference was also evident from a significant decrease in wet weights of adipose tissues like epididymal fat, inguinal fat, and intermuscular fat with tumor growth in the CBA strain which was not observed in the Swiss-Webster strain at the corresponding stage of tumor growth. Study of these strain differences may lead to an understanding of factors that regulate hyperlipidemia.
Needle-in-Needle Technique for Percutaneous Retrieval of a Fractured Biopsy Needle during CT-Guided Biopsy of the Thoracic Spine.

Common complications related to CT-guided percutaneous thoracic bone biopsy procedures include pneumothorax and muscular hematoma. Serious, but rare complications include paralysis, nerve injury, CSF leak, and aortic injury. Device failure has not been well documented in the literature. We discuss our experience with biopsy needle breakage during retrieval of a core specimen and the technique used to help retrieve an embedded needle using a CT fluoroscopic-guided, needle-in-needle approach. A 43 year-old man with Stage IIIa NSCLC was found to have a T11 vertebral body lesion as seen on PET, CT, and MR imaging. The patient underwent a CT-guided biopsy in the prone position. The T11 vertebral body was localized and cannulated using the percutaneous Bonopty® (Apriomed, Upsala, Sweden) needle device. After fine needle aspiration samples were obtained, a core needle biopsy was attempted with a 16-gauge device. The needle fractured 4 cm deep to the skin during removal of a sclerotic lesion, leaving a retained portion within the pedicle and vertebral body. Using CT-guided fluoroscopy, a large diameter Murphy M2 needle was advanced over the distal portion of the fractured Bonopty needle. The Murphy M2 needle was advanced distal to the tip of the Bonopty needle and removed, capturing the broken Bonopty penetration needle along with a core specimen. Larger-bore biopsy needle systems and/or a coaxial system should be used to perform core biopsies in sclerotic lesions to prevent device fracture. If there is device fracture, a larger-bore needle may be used to help capture the fractured needle and prevent open surgery.
Some properties of two phase submonolayers of adsorbed helium

Abstract A two phase model for helium submonolayers adsorbed on argon and neon monolayers is proposed which consists of two-dimensional (2-D) solid-like islands, of coverage independent lattice parameter, surrounded by a quasi-ideal 2-D vapor. This model can approximate the observed specific heats of such submonolayers provided an anomalous term is introduced which may be associated with those atoms located around the perimeters of the islands.
Effect of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities (Ni, Zn) substitution for Cu in Bi 2 (SrCa) 2+n (Cu 1-x M x ) 1+n O y whiskers

We have measured the change in the resistive ${T}_{c}$ of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}(\mathrm{SrCa}{)}_{2+n}({\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{M}_{x}{)}_{1+n}{\mathrm{O}}_{y}$ whiskers due to substitution of $M$ = Ni (magnetic) or $M$ = Zn (nonmagnetic) for Cu. These whisker crystals show resistance drops for both the 2212 and 2223 $(n=1,2)$ phases, with transition widths (10--90 %) of 1 K. We checked the effect of oxygenation at several values of $x$, and found that ${T}_{c}$ is maximum for the $y$ obtained by growing and annealing in 1 atm of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. We observed a linear depression of ${T}_{c}$ for both 2212 and 2223 phases with ${D=dT}_{c}/dx\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}800$ K for both Ni and Zn. This is in contrast with YBCO in which ${D}_{\mathrm{Zn}}\ensuremath{\approx}{3D}_{\mathrm{Ni}}.$
A large-scale examination of the nature and efficacy of teachers' practices to engage parents: Assessment, parental contact, and student-level impact

As schools move forward with comprehensive school reform, parents' roles have shifted and been redefined. Parent-teacher communication is critical to student success, yet how schools and teachers contact parents is the subject of few studies. Evaluations of school-change efforts require reliable and useful measures of teachers' practices in communicating with parents. The structure of teacher-parent-contact practices was examined using data from multiple, longitudinal cohorts of schools and teachers from a large-scale project and found to be a reliable and stable measure of parent contact across building levels and localities. Teacher/school practices in contacting parents were found to be significantly related to parent reports of school contact performance and student academic adjustment and achievement. Implications for school improvement efforts are discussed.
Laboratory measurements of the microwave and millimeter-wave opacity of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) under simulated conditions for the Venus atmosphere

Laboratory measurements have been conducted of the opacity of gaseous SO2 in a CO2 atmosphere at 12.3 cm, 1.32 cm, and 0.32 cm, with a view to the effects of this gas on the mm-wave emission of the Venus atmosphere. Close agreement is noted between the results obtained and the absorptivity predicted from a Van Vleck-Weisskopf formalism at the two shortest wavelengths, but not at the longest. These results have been incorporated into a radiative transfer model in order to infer an abundance profile for gaseous SO2 in Venus' middle atmosphere, and are also used to ascertain the effects of a SO2/CO2 gaseous mixture on the mm-wavelength spectrum of Venus.
RECONSTRUCTION AND UNDIVERSION OF THE SHORT OR SEVERELY DILATED URETER: THE ANTIREFLUX ILEAL NIPPLE REVISITED

AbstractPurpose: Patients undergoing reconstruction of short or severely dilated aperistaltic ureters are at significant risk for mechanical or functional obstruction and reflux, particularly when the ureters are being reimplanted into gastric or intestinal segments. For this problem we describe a simple handsewn, “stapleless” antireflux ileal nipple, which serves as a useful bridge between a short ureter and the bladder or reservoir.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 patients, 4 to 42 years old (mean age 19), 9 with severely dilated and 3 with short ureters have received the stapleless antireflux ileal nipple as part of various reconstructive efforts. Briefly, a 12 to 15 cm. segment of ileum is isolated and the mesentery is stripped from the middle 8 cm. of the isolated segment, preserving the blood supply to the proximal and distal 2 cm. of ileum. Intussusception is created and maintained with multiple (5 to 7) circumferential rows of 4 to 6 interrupted seromuscular stitches of 3-zero silk.Results: Me...
Transporter targeted drug delivery

The pharmacological behavior of various drugs is severely affected by biological barriers such as epithelial tight junctions, efflux proteins and metabolizing enzymes. Apart from the biological barriers, physicochemical properties of drug molecules such as molecular weight, lipophilicity, surface charge and solubility also play an important role in absorption characteristics of drug candidates. Pharmacological properties affected by efflux pumps such as P-gp and MRPs include bioavailability, hepatobiliary and urinary excretion of drugs as well as drug metabolites. This leads to sub-therapeutic concentrations of various potential drugs at the target site. One of the strategies to overcome these biological barriers is transporter targeted prodrug design. Prodrug derivatization targeting membrane transporters and receptors improves drug absorption. Various prodrugs which have been synthesized so far demonstrated enhanced bioavailability and tissue specificity. This review mainly focuses on the efflux pumps which play an important role in drug absorption and a few strategies to overcome these efflux pumps.
Parsing Good Versus Bad Signaling Pathways in the Heart Role of Calcineurin–Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells

Nine years ago, we published an article that suggested a specialized role for calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling in regulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy preferentially over physiological growth and, in fact, the later response was associated with reduced calcineurin-NFAT activity. Since this time we and others have continued to uncover how this signaling effector pathway functions in the heart in regulating specific aspects of the growth response during disease and with exercise.
XIST-ing Down Syndrome

Genetic lesions can be ranked by the gravity of the disease—but also by the magnitude of the lesion. With new modern genetic techniques such as TALEN and CRISPR, one can envision a future in which the repair of a point mutation or deletion with gene therapy is routine. More problematic is the
Resource Partitioning and the Evolution of Specialist Organizations: The Role of Location and Identity in the U.S. Wine Industry

Analyses of founding and mortality rates of specialist organizations in the U.S. wine industry over the period 1941-90 support Carroll’s (1985) location-based resource-partitioning model—crowding o...
Computational Study of the Reactions between XO (X = Cl, Br, I) and Dimethyl Sulfide

The rate constants for reaction of XO (X = Cl, Br, I) with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) have been computed at high levels of theory. Two reaction pathways were considered: (1) the oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) by XO (X = Cl, Br, I) to form X and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and (2) the abstraction of hydrogen by XO (X = Cl, Br, I) to form XOH and MeSCH2. Both reactions proceed via the formation of a very weak XO−DMS complex which can be described by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis as a two-center one-electron (2c−1e) interaction where two α-spin electrons occupy lone pair orbitals (one localized on the oxygen atom and the other localized on the sulfur atom) and a β-spin electron occupies a σ bonding orbital (β-bond). The calculated OAT reaction rates of ClO, BrO, and IO with DMS are 3.0 × 10-15 cm3·s-1, 8.7 × 10-13 cm3·s-1 and 1.5 × 10-11 cm3·s-1, respectively, at 298 K and 760 Torr. The abstraction pathway is less favored in the order ClO > BrO > IO with computed branching ratios (OAT/abstraction) of 2.7, 98, a...
Three-dimensional non-linear vibration of a traveling string

Abstract The three-dimensional non-linear motion of a traveling string is treated in general. The occurrence of singularities and the breakdown of solution are discussed. Elliptic ballooning is investigated, and the condition for the existence of solution for an equilibrium state is analyzed.
Freedom, necessity, and laws of nature as relations between universals

(1990). Freedom, necessity, and laws of nature as relations between universals. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 371-381.
Petroleum and Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Analysis in Support of In Vitro Studies of Natural Anaerobic and Aerobic Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics in Contaminated Groundwater and Soil

Abstract This program investigated in situ biological degradation as a remedial treatment technique at a United States Air Force Base in Texas. Soil and groundwater samples from the site were characterized regarding microbial populations and presence or absence of priority pollutant xenobiotics and petroleum hydrocarbon components. Time-series analyses of replicate nutrient-amended microcosms after approximately 1, 25, 50 and 100 days permitted aerobic and anaerobic degradation rate evaluation. Microcosm integrity was demonstrated throughout the experiment by observing appropriate dissolved oxygen, pH, oxidation/reduction potential, and sterile/viable conditions. Gas chromatographic analysis and ratios of straight-chain and isoprenoid components clearly demonstrated that aerobic conditions were preferred for degradation of aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons. Electron capture gas chromatographic analyses and purge-and-trap gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses of lower molecular weight...
Interface Structure of Epitaxial Nb Films on Sapphire: Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Reflectivity Studies

The interface structure of MBE grown Nb films on sapphire substrates was studied using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and x-ray reflectivity measurements. Specifically, the use of these x-ray techniques in probing the buried interfaces was demonstrated. Diffraction effects were observed which are consistent with the presence of misfit dislocations in the interface.