cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Work Students' Interest in Working with Persons with Serious Mental Illness.

Educating and recruiting practitioners to work in community-based settings with persons with serious mental illness has become a national health issue, particularly in underserved rural areas. To inform curriculum development and recruitment efforts, the authors conducted a needs assessment. Graduate and undergraduate social work students in a rural New England state university were surveyed about their interest, perceived competence, and perceived training needs in working with persons with serious mental illness. The findings indicated that almost half of the students expressed an interest in working with this population. The extent and nature of previous work with this population and educational level were shown to be related to students’ responses, in areas including interest in work with persons with serious mental illness and the perceived ability to handle a psychiatric crisis. The findings suggest important implications for the social work curriculum, additional needs assessment, and recruitment a...
Time course of structural changes at identified sensory neuron synapses during long-term sensitization in Aplysia

We have used the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica to explore the morphological basis of the synaptic plasticity that underlies long-term sensitization. In earlier studies (Bailey and Chen, 1983, 1988a), we described 2 classes of structural changes at identified sensory neuron synapses that occur following long- term sensitization: (1) increases in the number, size, and vesicle complement of active zones and (2) an overall increase in the total number of synaptic varicosities per sensory neuron. In the present study, we have begun to examine which of these anatomical changes might be necessary for the maintenance of long-term sensitization by exploring the time course over which they occur and, in particular, their duration relative to the persistence of the memory assessed behaviorally. Toward this end we have quantitated changes in both the total number of varicosities and their active zone morphology in single HRP-labeled sensory neurons taken from long-term sensitized and control animals at different intervals (1–2 d, 1 week, and 3 weeks) following training. We have found that long-term sensitized animals examined within 48 hr after the completion of training demonstrate an increase in the total number of varicosities per sensory neuron as well as an increase in the incidence, size, and vesicle complement of their synaptic active zones compared with control animals. The increase in the number of varicosities and active zones persists unchanged for at least 1 week, and the increase in active zone number is only partially reversed at the end of 3 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fundamentals of applied electromagnetics

Preface. 1. Introduction: Waves and Phasors. 2. Transmission Lines. 3. Vector Analysis. 4. Electrostatics. 5. Magnetostatics. 6. Maxwell's Equations for Time-Varying Fields. 7. Plane-Wave Propagation. 8. Wave Reflection and Transmission, and Geometric Optics. 9. Radiation and Antennas. 10. Satellite Communication Systems and Radar Sensors. Appendix A. Symbols, Quantities, and Units. Appendix B. Material Constants of Some Common Materials. Appendix C. Mathematical Formulas. Appendix D. Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems. Bibliography. Index.
Measurement and uncertainty analysis of a cryogenic low-noise amplifier with noise temperature below 2 K

[1] We report measurements and uncertainty analysis on a cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a very low noise temperature (NT), among the lowest noise performances reported at microwave frequencies. The LNA consists of three stages of InP high electron mobility transistors with a gate length of 130 nm. It exhibits about 44 dB gain and less than 2 K average NT in the operational band of 4 GHz to 8 GHz. A detailed uncertainty analysis is outlined to evaluate a variety of error sources in the measurement. The calculated uncertainty shows as low as 0.1 dB on the measured gain of about 44 dB and 0.18 K on the measured NT of 1.65 K, indicating excellent measurement accuracy. A breakdown of the uncertainty components helps identify the major causes of the overall uncertainty and enlightens us about how to further improve accuracy. It is important to know the actual physical temperature of the passive termination that is used as a cryogenic noise source in experiments. Due to its large temperature gradients, the commercial matched load is replaced by a custom-made attenuator that is isothermal and consequently provides reliable NT measurements of the LNA. The precision measurement technique developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is independent from the manufacturers' characterization method. This study marks the first time that such a low NT from a cryogenic LNA is verified independently with such a low uncertainty.
DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA: REPORT OF A CASE WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF A CONGENITAL GAMMA GLOBULIN DISORDER.

An additional male child with dysgammaglobulinemia is reported. In this instance an older sibling, deceased, had clinical and histopathologic findings suggestive of a congenital gamma globulin deficiency. The preponderance of males among recognized examples of dysgammaglobulinemia, and the presently reported patient whose male sibling also appears to have had a congenital gamma globulin deficiency, suggest that dysgammaglobulinemia, in this particular family, was transmitted as a sexlinked recessive characteristic. It remains unclear whether agammaglobulinemia and dysgammaglobulinemia represent two closely related genetic abnormalities, or whether they represent variable expression of a single genetic disorder. Study of additional pedigrees containing examples of dysgammaglobulinemia will be required to answer this question.
Altered Nerve Terminal Arborization and Synaptic Transmission in Drosophila Mutants of Cell Adhesion Molecule Fasciclin I

This work investigates the role of cell adhesion molecules in development of synaptic connections and functions through a genetic approach. Fasciclin I (Fas I) is an insect glycoprotein capable of mediating homophilic cell adhesion. It has been shown that Fas I is expressed in motor nerve axons and terminals that innervate larval body-wall muscles in Drosophila. Immunohistochemical analysis of these motor nerve terminals has revealed that nerve terminal arborization, quantified by the numbers of the nerve terminal branches and varicosities, is enhanced in the null mutant fas ITE. In contrast, the number of branches and varicosities are reduced in larvae that overexpress the Fas I molecule resulting from additional copies of the fas I transgene in P(fas I+) or the chromosome duplication in Dp(fas I) mutants. Although arborization is altered, the overall stereotypical pattern of nerve terminal innervation of the body-wall muscle fibers is preserved in all the Fas I mutants examined. The voltage-clamp analysis of excitatory junctional currents (ejcs) at the neuromuscular junction indicates that the amplitude of ejcs is reduced in fas ITE, but increased in P(fas I+) and Dp(fas I) compared to that in wild-type larvae. Further electrophysiological analysis shows that the quantal content and the evoked frequency-dependent response are affected in these mutants, indicating a defective presynaptic function in addition to the anatomic abnormality. Therefore, the cell adhesion molecule Fas I may not be essential for target recognition and synaptogenesis at the larval neuromuscular junction, but may play a role in fine-turning nerve terminal arborization and possibly in modifying, directly or indirectly, development of presynaptic functions.
Cartographic Encounters at the Bureau of Indian Affairs Geographic Information System Center of Calculation.

The centering processes of geographic information system (GIS) development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was an extension of past cartographic encounters with American Indians through the central control of geospatial technologies, uneven development of geographic information resources, and extension of technically dependent clientele. Cartographic encounters included the historical exchanges of geographic information between indigenous people and non-Indians in North America. Scientists and technicians accumulated geographic information at the center of calculation where scientific maps, models, and simulations emerged. A study of GIS development at the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs will demonstrate some centering processes.
Making a Change: The Effects of the Leadership Role on School Climate.

School is a very important element of society. Students and teachers learn many lessons, academic and otherwise, that influence their personal well-being and academic success. Often, however, school does not provide the positive learning or working environment that is most beneficial for our students and teachers. As a first year principal, Pepper realized that a more positive school climate was the key to confronting many of the challenges in the school where she worked. Through an autoethnographical approach supported by her personal journals, Pepper's experiences are described as she witnessed the negative effects that an authoritarian leadership style had on school climate and, subsequently, the morale and success of students and teachers within the school setting. As she made the change to a transformational leader, she came to realize that this leadership style had a more positive effect on the learning and working environment. Her change in leadership style and guidance, with input from teachers, staff, students, parents, and community members, resulted in the school becoming a more positive, caring place to learn and work for everyone involved.
The effectiveness of SRAM network caches in clustered DSMs

The frequency of accesses to remote data is a key factor affecting the performance of all Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) systems. Remote data caching is one of the most effective and general techniques to fight processor stalls due to remote capacity misses in the processor caches. The design space of remote data caches (RDC) has many dimensions and one essential performance trade-off hit ratio versus speed. Some recent commercial systems have opted for large and slow (S)DRAM network caches (NC), but others completely avoid them because of their damaging effects on the remote/local latency ratio. In this paper we will explore small and fast SRAM network caches as a means to reduce the remote stalls and capacity traffic of multiprocessor clusters. The major appeal of SRAM NCs is that they add less penalty on the latency of NC hits and remote accesses. Their small capacity can handle conflict misses and a limited amount of capacity misses. However, they can be coupled with main memory page caches which satisfy the bulk of capacity misses. To maximize performance for a large spectrum of applications, we propose to organize the NC as a victim cache for remote data. We also propose a novel and scalable method to control the page cache by integrating page relocation mechanisms into the network victim cache.
Heterogeneous integration of hexagonal boron nitride on bilayer quasi‐free‐standing epitaxial graphene and its impact on electrical transport properties

We present a comprehensive study on the integration of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with epitaxial graphene (EG) and bilayer hydrogen intercalated EG. Charged impurity scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism for as-grown and h-BN coated graphene. Use of h-BN dielectrics leads to a 2.6× improvement in Hall mobility relative to HfO2 by introducing less charged impurities and negligible additional remote surface optical scattering beyond that introduced by the substrate. Temperature dependent mobility measurement is used to link the surface morphology of the silicon carbide substrate (i.e., step-edge density) with charge carrier transport, showing that significant degradation in mobility can result from increased remote charged impurity as well as remote surface optical scattering at the SiC step-edges. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the integration of h-BN with EG and bilayer graphene presents unique challenges compared to previous works on exfoliated graphene, where the benefits of h-BN as a dielectric is highly dependent on the initial quality of the EG. To this end, modeling of the carrier mobility as a function of impurity density is used to identify the regimes where h-BN dielectrics outperform conventional dielectrics and where they fail to surpass them. Modeling indicates that h-BN can ultimately lead to a >5× increase in mobility relative to HfO2 dielectrics due to higher energy surface optical phonon (SOP) modes.
The homogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide in cloud droplets

Abstract In light of recent criticism as to the importance of the uncatalyzed oxidation of aqueous SO 2 by dissolved oxygen, a reassessment of pertinent cloud water measurements has been undertaken. These measurements have been compared with predictions from the Easter and Hobbs (1974) interactive cloud-chemistry model after the model was updated with respect to both ambient trace gas inputs and the dissolved SO 2 oxidation rate law employed. The model was further modified to output both the mean cloud water pH and the pH of individual droplet size classes as a function of time. The sensitivity of the sulfate production predicted by the model to the initial cloud condensation nucleus spectrum and cloud interaction time was also investigated. The modeling results show that the Easter-Hobbs model predicts cloud water pH's in accord with measurements and that at these pH's the uncatalyzed oxidation of aqueous SO 2 by dissolved oxygen produces significant amounts of sulfate.
Charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy in Pb–Pb collisions at $\mathbf {{\sqrt{s_{\mathbf NN}}}}\mathbf {=2.76}$ TeV with ALICE

The measurements of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy at mid-rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at TeV are reported as a function of centrality. The fraction of the inelastic cross section recorded by the ALICE detector is estimated using a Glauber model. The results scaled by the number of participating nucleons are compared with pp collisions at the same collision energy, with similar results obtained at significantly lower energies, and with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.
Second-Generation Big Data Systems

More varied data channels, increasingly diverse analytic methods, and new deployment models--along with some fundamental technology shifts--will significantly impact the next generation of big data systems.
Analysis of cognitive abilities of black children's performance on wisc-r

Investigated the cognitive ability of Black children on the WISC-R. The sample was composed of 154 Black children and adolescents (94 males and 60 females), who ranged in age from 6-1 to 15-11 with a mean chronological age of 10-5. The variation in subtest scale scores was analyzed by a 1 × 10 analysis of variance with repeated measures on a single factor. Differences between individual subtest scale scores were analyzed by the Newman-Keuls test for simple effects. The evidence indicates that high subtest scale socres on Comprehension, Picture Completion and Object Assembly (analytical skills) and low scores on Information, Similarities, Vocabulary (verbal comprehension skills) were characteristics of this sample. Findings from the present study indicated that the WISC-R does provide a valid measure of functional or operational intellectual capacity for these Ss.
Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of interleukin-2 in a mouse T cell line.

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (dex), on the production of interleukin-2 (1L-2) and IL-2 mRNA was examined in the mouse T cell line, LBRM-33.4A2. 2. 2. Treatment of Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated LBRM-33 cells with low concentrations of dex (10 nM) inhibited the production of IL-2 activity by approx. 70%, with a corresponding decrease in IL-2 mRNA levels. 3. 3. In contrast, much higher concentrations of dex (up to 10 μM) inhibited the level of another Con A-inducible mRNA, c-myc mRNA, by only 30%, and did not affect β-tubulin mRNA levels at all. 4. 4. Thus it appears that inhibition by dex in stimulated LBRM-33 cells is specific for the expression of IL-2 mRNA. 5. 5. Experiments with actinomycin D suggest that dex does not mediate its suppression of IL-2 mRNA accumulation by decreasing the stability of this message; rather, it appears that dex inhibits transcription of the IL-2 gene.
Effects of voltages on cows over a complete lactation. 2. Health and reproduction.

Abstract For the effects of voltages on health and reproduction, 40 cows in second to fifth lactation were divided into four groups of 10. These included a control group that was not subjected to voltages and three treatment groups that were given either 1, 2, or 4V at the water bowl. Cows in the treatment groups were exposed during the entire lactation to voltage whenever they drank. Voltages did not sufficiently affect milk yield. General health parameters studied were mastitis, hoof problems, and changes in body weight. Reproductive and calving parameters examined were days to first breeding, days open, services per conception, response to PGF 2α , calving intervals, visible abortion, and calves born dead. Voltages did not significantly influence cow health or reproductive performance.
Hepatocellular ultrastructure during liver regeneration after subtotal hepatectomy

Abstract Adult male rats were sacrificed at intervals between 24 and 120 hours after subtotal hepatectomy. Anesthetized and sham-operated control animals were included at each interval. At 24 and 30 hours after operation, the cytoplasm of the regenerating liver cells exhibited little rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum and very few glycogen particles; however, the cytoplasm did contain numerous free ribosomes and abundant lipid bodies. By 36 hours, beginning reorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the vicinity of hypertrophic Golgi complexes. This process continued at the 48- and 60-hour intervals, while the hepatocellular lipid progressively decreased. By the 72-hour interval, stratified layers of rough endoplasmic reticulum had reappeared in many parenchymal cells. At 96 and 120 hours after partial hepatectomy, most of the liver cells displayed essentially normal cytoplasmic components, including small glycogen deposits which were interspersed among elements of a slightly prominent smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Throughout the period of regeneration, hepatocellular nuclei were enlarged and irregular in outline. In many instances, the nucleoplasm exhibited prominent perichromatin and interchromatin granules; and, on occasion, the nuclei contained large chromatin clumps. Nucleoli were also enlarged, frequently were multiple, and often displayed a prominent small granule component. These morphologic features were observed in hepatic parenchymal cells during a period of active cellular proliferation. Many of these subcellular characteristics, however, have also been observed in neoplastic cells. It was proposed that these structural features were more likely associated with a rapid rate of cellular proliferation, than with any intrinsic properties of neoplasms.
An Easy Way to Allocate Support Department Costs using the Reciprocal Method

Abstract Support department cost allocation is important to external and internal users of a company's financial information. It is widely recognized that the reciprocal method provides the most meaningful allocation because it fully recognizes services provided by support departments for other support departments. Despite its superiority over other methods, the reciprocal method is rarely applied in practice because of perceived complexities in its application. This article illustrates a simple method of applying the reciprocal method to allocate multiple support department costs using an Excel spreadsheet.
The Subacute Stage of Vulva Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Atopic Dermatitis affects 5% of children. Dermatologists believe that it rarely affects the vulva. Methods: Gynecologic consultation for vulvitis reveals that selected cases of recurrent or persistent vulvitis are often due to atopic dermatitis. My personal series seeing the same patients over the years has indicated a characteristic picture of subacute vulvitis not previously described. Results: The characteristic lesions are bilateral erythematous fissures between the labia majora and minora, and a midline saggital fissure from the vagina to the rectum. These fissures are narrow and sharp as if made by an artist with a scalpel. There may be an edematous papule at the 12 o’clock position of the anus due to an underlying fissure. Sometimes there may be a midline fissure anterior to the clitoris. Conclusion: The lesion has no specific histopathology. It may be confused with molestation especially with fissures which may bleed simulating lacerations. It is diagnosed by family and personal history, by the general skin signs, by the characteristic vulva lesion, by an intact hymen and no history of molestation.
Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Deficiency Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout (AC5KO) mice have increased longevity and share a similar phenotype with calorie-restricted wild-type (WT) mice. To determine the in vivo metabolic properties of AC5 deficiency, we compared the effects of standard diet (SD) and high-fat diet (HFD) on obesity, energy balance, glucose regulation, and insulin sensitivity. AC5KO mice on SD had reduced body weight and adiposity compared with WT mice. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also significantly reduced in AC5KO mice. Indirect calorimetry demonstrated increased oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and energy expenditure in AC5KO compared with WT mice on both SD and HFD. AC5KO mice also displayed improved glucose tolerance and increased whole-body insulin sensitivity, accompanied by decreased liver glycogen stores. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies confirmed the marked improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in AC5KO mice primarily through increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function were significantly increased in AC5KO skeletal muscle. These data demonstrate that deficiency of AC5 protects against obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, supporting AC5 as a potential novel therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Performance with multiple sets in Parkinson's disease☆

Abstract Experiments were carried out on parkinsonians and on a group of control subjects to determine the conditions under which the former can more easily carry out two different but simultaneous tasks. The subjects had to manipulate small beads with tweezers, using one hand, whilst using a marker in the other hand. In both tasks the performance of the patients was slower than that of the control group; the speed of both groups diminished when both hands had to be used simultaneously: among patients this effect was more marked in the marker task but not in manipulating the beads. Our results confirmed the observation already made that in the bi-manual performance of two different tasks, the general performance of parkinsonians is more affected than that of normal subjects. Simple, repetitive pre-programmed operations suffer more under these conditions than complex manual skills. In a second experiment, arranging letters, was employed in a uniform and repeated manual operation according to several criteria. The parkinsonians did not differ from the control group in the speed or accuracy with which they carried out a single task. When the test involved rapidly and repeatedly passing from one combination to the other, however, their performances were not so good as those of the control group. This finding is in accordance with the hypothesis that the characteristic difficulties of parkinsonians in executing two concurrent motor activities can more often be attributed to deficiency of a central programming function than to an obvious fault in their effector mechanisms. The observed effects were more marked in those subjects whose incapacity appeared to be of clinical proportions than in those more moderately affected. The performances of patients under treatment did not differ from those of untreated patients. In the short experimental periods (60 sec) no effect of practice or fatigue could be discerned.
Forgiveness and Its Importance in Post-War Ethics

ABSTRACT The casualties of war are numerous and widespread. Two types are most familiar to the general population of Americans: deaths and serious bodily injuries. However, there are other serious psychological effects of war, such as resentment, anger, and hatred that remain at the margins of the healthcare radar. Uncontrolled and unmanaged resentment, anger, and hatred can have destructive consequences for veterans and their families. One solution for overcoming and dealing with these vindictive passions is learning to forgive.
Visual perception: a dynamic theory.

Perception is generally thought to occur centrally in the nervous system as a result of information which flows unidirectionally through a hierarchy of sensory processors. Such a view is in conflict with recent experimental evidence for a centrifugal control capable of enhancing particular features of the sensory input. Certain phenomena in human perception, resembling order-disorder transitions in physics, also suggest the existence of a positive feedback mechanism in the sensory pathway. A mechanism of perception is proposed in which unstructured feedback can accomplish the desired feature-specific enhancement of the input. The principle used here — the Alopex principle — is one that was devised in this laboratory for the experimental determination of visual receptive fields. The biological requirements for the operation of the principle are discussed, and a possible site in the thalamic relay nuclei is suggested.
A Dissipated Energy Approach to Fatigue Crack Growth in Ductile Solids and Layered Materials

This paper summarizes recent work on a new theory of fatigue crack growth in ductile solids based on the total plastic energy dissipation per cycle ahead of the crack. The fundamental hypothesis of the theory proposes a unified criterion for crack extension under monotonic and fatigue loading, so that the fatigue crack growth rate is given explicitly in terms of the total plastic dissipation per cycle and the monotonic fracture properties of the material. The total plastic dissipation per cycle is obtained by 2-D elastic-plastic finite element analysis of a stationary crack under constant amplitude loading, for both mode I (C(T)) and general mixed-mode I/II specimen geometries. Both elastic-perfectly plastic and bi-linear kinematic hardening constitutive behaviors are considered, and numerical results for a dimensionless plastic dissipation per cycle are presented over a wide range of relevant mechanical properties and mixed-mode loading conditions. Results are further extended to include fatigue delamination of layered material systems, where either discrete mismatches or a continuous grading of mechanical properties can exist across the interface.
The effect of age on mapping auditory icons to visual icons for computer interface design

Abstract This research explored the abilities of subjects in grade 1 (6–7 years old) and grade 3 (8–9 years old) to identify auditory icons that are commonly introduced in software applications by mapping the auditory icons to visual icons present in a computer interface. The interface used in the experiment was constructed with Visual Basic and involved forty auditory icons and forty corresponding visual icons. It was hypothesized that the third grade subjects would be better equipped to map the auditory icons to visual icons present in the interface due to the ecological frequency of everyday sounds. The hypothesis was proven and suggestions for additional researcg are provided.
Understanding the Pathology and Mechanisms of Type I Diabetic Bone Loss

Type I (T1) diabetes, also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is characterized by little or no insulin production and hyperglycemia. One of the less well known complications of T1-diabetes is bone loss which occurs in humans and animal models. This complication is receiving increased attention because T1-diabetics are living longer due to better therapeutics, and are faced with their existing health concerns being compounded by complications associated with aging, such as osteoporosis. Both male and female, endochondrial and intra-membranous, and axial and appendicular bones are susceptible to T1-diabetic bone loss. Exact mechanisms accounting for T1-diabetic bone loss are not known. Existing data indicate that the bone defect in T1-diabetes is anabolic rather than catabolic, suggesting that anabolic therapeutics may be more effective in preventing bone loss. Potential contributors to T1-diabetic suppression of bone formation are discussed in this review and include: increased marrow adiposity, hyperlipidemia, reduced insulin signaling, hyperglycemia, inflammation, altered adipokine and endocrine factors, increased cell death, and altered metabolism. Differences between T1-diabetic- and age-associated bone loss underlie the importance of condition specific, individualized treatments for osteoporosis. Optimizing therapies that prevent bone loss or restore bone density will allow T1-diabetic patients to live longer with strong healthy bones.
Detection of spin-flip ESR transitions and Arrhenius behavior for the AsO 4 4 − center in the KH 2 AsO 4 -type ferroelectric compounds at high temperatures

The normally forbidden electron-nuclear spin-flip (\ensuremath{\Delta}${M}_{S}$=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1, \ensuremath{\Delta}${M}_{I}$=\ensuremath{\mp}1) transitions have been detected in the ESR spectra of the ${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}^{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center, which is frequently used as a probe of the low-frequency molecular motion related to the ferroelectric or antiferroelectric phase transitions in ${\mathrm{KH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}$-type compounds. It is suggested that the omission of the line broadening from these transitions had caused significant errors in the earlier reported motional correlation time \ensuremath{\tau} in the ``fast'' motion regime for this probe in ${\mathrm{KH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ and related lattices. A simple procedure based on the modified Bloch equations is described which minimizes errors due to this broadening and illustrated by showing that the low-frequency $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ fluctuations in ${\mathrm{KH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{KD}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ obey the Arrhenius law even over a wider temperature range than in earlier studies wherein a non-Arrhenius behavior had been reported. The activation energy and preexponential factor are 0.20 eV and 3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ s for ${\mathrm{KH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$ and 0.26 eV and 3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}14}$ s for ${\mathrm{KD}}_{2}$${\mathrm{AsO}}_{4}$, with an error of about 10%, and thus these parameters exhibit a definitive isotope effect and sensitivity of the probe to the lattice environment. This study also suggests a reexamination of the \ensuremath{\tau} data for ${\mathrm{KH}}_{2}$${\mathrm{PO}}_{4}$-type lattices as obtained via other probes, such as the ${\mathrm{SeO}}_{4}^{3\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center, especially in the high-temperature (``fast'' motion) regime.
Recovery of invertase and laminarinases from industrial waste broths of baker's yeast

A procedure is described for the recovery of invertase and three laminarinases from commercial waste broths of baker's yeast. The procedure includes adsorption steps on DEAE-Sephadex A50, on concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, and an additional gel exclusion chromatography step on Sephacryl S-200. The isolated laminarinases were: laminarinase I (exo-β-D-glucanase), laminarinase II [endo-β-(1-3)-D-glucanase], and laminarinase III (exo-β-D-glucanase). The efficiency of the main concentration step (DEAE-Sephadex A50) depended on the predialysis of the crude broth. Thus, the recovery of invertase and laminarinase from nondialyzed samples was 7% and 16%, respectively. These values were increased to 62% and 100%, respectively, when the samples were previously dialyzed.
Desoxycorticosterone in rabbits: simulation of rabbit "toxemia of pregnancy".

EFFECTS of prolonged administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) have been amply documented in rats, chicks, dogs and man (1). Observations in rabbits are scanty or lacking in detail. In the rat DCA, under appropriate conditions, elicits arterial hypertension and hypertensive vascular disease; in the dog it provokes neither substantial hypertension nor hypertensive disease, although it alters the metabolisms of water, sodium and potassium, and causes paralysis from lack of potassium. In human beings sensitized to DCA by severe adrenal or, as seems likely, renal disease, it elicits edema, hypertension, and occasionally vascular lesions (2, 3). The few experiments in rabbits have been oriented towards production of a state similar to eclamptogenic toxemia of human beings and have not been entirely rewarding. Thus, Dexter and Weiss (4) found no substantial effect of DCA at the end of two weeks;
Temperature and NaCl Affect Growth and Survival of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Poultry‐Based and Laboratory Media

In tryptic soy broth (TSB) and a poultry extract broth (PB) with 0 to 10% (w/v) NaCl incubated at 37°C, growth of E. coli 0157:H7 was inhibited at 28% NaCl whereas at 10°C, growth was inhibited at 24% NaCl in TSB and at 26% NaCl in PB. The bacterium did not grow at 4°C. Increased NaCl-sensitivity observed at 10°C was a bacteriostatic effect that was ineffective with increasing incubation temperature. At 10°C, E. coli 0157:H7 was more salt-tolerant in PB than in TSB, although PB growth rates were lower. Findings suggest that PB may be a more suitable medium for testing E. coli 0157:H7 in poultry products. Cells of E. coli 0157:H7 that were exposed to refrigeration (4°C) and/or NaCl for 24 days did not grow on MacConkey agar with 1% sorbitol.
Individual creativity in teams: The importance of communication media mix

We use compensatory adaptation and dual coding theories to explore the effects of communication media use on creativity. Our field study results show that high levels of self-esteem and information-based demographic differences positively influence creativity. Social category differences negatively influence creativity. Communication media mix is an important moderator, improving the relationship of self-esteem and social category demographic differences with creativity when individuals have proportionally more mediated communication. The relationship between information-based demographic differences and creativity is attenuated when individuals use proportionally more mediated communication. The results have implications for managers encouraging creativity among a diverse workforce using multiple communication media.
The Yield of F 18 from Medium and Heavy Elements with 420-Mev Protons

The yield of ${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$ from medium and heavy elements, when bombarded with 420-Mev protons, was determined. Chemical procedures and techniques are described and the cross sections varying from 2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ barn for F to 4.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ for Au are given. Comparisons are made of these results with those of other heavy fragments obtained under similar conditions.
Geochromatography on the parent body of the carbonaceous chondrite Ivuna

Abstract Ivuna, a CI carbonaceous chondrite, has been found to contain abundant amounts of the three-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) phenanthrene/anthracene, but no detectable levels of the two- and four-ring PAHs naphthalene and pyrene/fluoranthene. Either the three-ring PAHs in Ivuna were synthesized in a process that did not produce the two- or four-ring PAHs, or all these compounds were synthesized together and subsequently separated. Thermodynamical considerations and studies of hydrocarbon pyrolysis and combustion do not support the former possibility. Ivuna and other CI carbonaceous chondrites are known to have been extensively altered by water. The aqueous solubilities suggest that some PAHs would have been mobilized during the aqueous alteration phase in carbonaceous meteorite parent bodies. In a model geochromatography experiment, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were partially resolved at a low pressure and flow rate utilizing columns containing crushed serpentine or beach sand, and water for elution. This laboratory geochromatography experiment suggests that complete separation of PAHs could be expected to occur in the parent body of CI carbonaceous chondrites. Such processes on Earth are known to lead to the formation of hydrothermal PAH minerals such as pendletonite. It is proposed that aqueous fluids driven by heat in the parent body of Ivuna migrated from the interior to the surface, in the process transporting, separating, and concentrating PAHs at various zones in the parent body.
Developing a Virtual Model of a Second Order System to Simulation Real Laboratory Measurement Problems

Most of the student’s educational exposure is to well behaved, deterministic problems with known results. Most courses expose students to material in compartmentized modules (chapters of a book) with exercises/problems (at the end of the chapter) where the majority of the material is readily found in the compartmentized module. Unfortunately, real world problems never fit this simple mold. Laboratory is the perfect place for students to become exposed to real world problems and solutions to those problems. Laboratory is the perfect place to put all the student’s knowledge of basic STEM material to the test. However, many times the real world measurement is much more complicated than the textbook problems and students often struggle with methods and procedures to solve a given problem (with no answer at the back of the book). This is true for a mechanical measurement of a simple second order mass, spring, dashpot system which is measured with displacement and acceleration instruments in an existing mechanical engineering laboratory exercise. The measurement is plagued with measurement errors, drift, bias, digital data acquisition amplitude/quantization errors, etc. In order to understand the basic underlying measurement and associated “problems” with the measurement, a simple simulation model was developed. The simulation model allows the students to define a basic second order system and then add different types of “problems” (drift, bias, quantization, noise, etc) to the measurement to see their effects. The simulation module further allows the student to “cleanse” the distorted data using common measurement tools such as coupling, filtering, smoothing, etc. to understand the effects of processing the data. The simulation model is built using Simulink/MATLAB and allows a simple GUI to modify the model, the “problems” added to the data and the “cleansing” of the data, to obtain a better understanding of the problem and tools to process the data. The simulation model is presented and discussed in the paper. Several data sets are presented to illustrate the simulation module.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Thermal Convection in a Rotating Fluids Annulus: Temperature, Heat Flow and Flow Field Observations in the Upper Symmetric Regime

Abstract Measurements of heat transfer and of temperature in the symmetric flow in a rotating cylindrical annulus of fluid with a radial temperature contrast are presented. The measurements were made using two different apparatuses under identical experimental conditions. These results are compared with a semi-quantitative visual study of the flow in such a system under similar conditions. These experiments were performed with and without a rigid lid in contact with the upper surface of the fluid and included the special case of zero rotation.
Caregiving in a Patient’s Place of Residence: Turnover of Direct Care Workers in Home Care and Hospice Agencies

Objectives: High turnover and staff shortages among home care and hospice workers may compromise the quality and availability of in-home care. This study explores turnover rates of direct care workers for home care and hospice agencies. Methods: OLS (ordinary least square) regression models are run using organizational data from 93 home care agencies and 29 hospice agencies in North Carolina. Results: Home care agencies have higher total turnover rates than hospice agencies, but profit status may be an important covariate. Higher unemployment rates are associated with lower voluntary turnover. Agencies that do not offer health benefits experience higher involuntary turnover. Conclusion: Differences in turnover between hospice and home health agencies suggest that organizational characteristics of hospice care contribute to lower turnover rates. However, the variation in turnover rates is not fully explained by the proposed multivariate models. Future research should explore individual and structural-level...
Positron Lifetime Studies of Defect Structures in Bal-xKxBiO3

Temperature-dependent positron lifetime experiments have been performed from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures on Ba1−xKxBiO3. for x=0.4 and 0.5. From the temperature dependence of the positron lifetime in the normal state, we observe a clear signature of competition between separate defect populations to trap the positron. Theoretical calculations of lifetimes of free or trapped positrons have been performed on Ba1−xKxBiO3, to help identify these defects. Lifetime measurements separated by long times have been performed and evidence of aging effects in the sample defect populations is seen in these materials.
Diffusion heating and cooling of positrons in constrained media

Thermalized positrons in media with spatial constraints can be trapped by sinks, and annihilate with electrons into ..gamma.. quanta with characteristics that are discernibly different from those of positrons annihilating in the bulk. The dependence of the cross sections for scattering in the medium on positron velocity determines whether the fastest or the slowest particles in the velocity distribution disappear preferentially from the volume. This causes the cooling or heating of the positrons remaining in the medium. The diffusion equation is solved to derive the annihilation characteristics of positrons, with the result that diffusion heating and cooling always reduce the effective diffusion coefficient pertinent for trapping relative to that in the infinite medium. The effects on the annihilation characteristics are those of a reduced trapping rate and of an apparent initial positron population in sinks, as it is recorded by an instrument with finite time resolution. The results pertain to positronium diffusion in small gas cells, to the escape of positrons or positronium from small solids, and to the trapping of positrons by vacancies or voids in solids. They are compared with experimental results.
Drudges, Helpers and Team Players: Oral Historical Accounts of Farm Work in Appalachian Kentucky1

Based upon oral history interviews with 49 agriculturalists from Harlan and Letcher Counties, Kentucky, this paper documents the gender division of labor among these farm families, from the 1920s through the present. It also compares 17 wives' and husbands' accounts of farm work. While these data generally conform to patterns documented in previous sociological investigations of gender roles on family farms, a comparison of men's and women's accounts of farm work and life suggests several issues relevant to research on gender and farm families. First, women and men differ in their descriptions of work and in the words they use to describe farm ownership. In addition, men's discussions of the work of their wives, sisters, and daughters vary significantly from their descriptions of the work of their mothers and grandmothers. And, finally, these accounts suggest that there are gender differences in attitudes toward farming. Each of these areas raises questions that merit further empirical investigation.
The Nuclear Orphan Receptor COUP-TFII Plays an Essential Role in Adipogenesis, Glucose Homeostasis, and Energy Metabolism

Adipose tissue development and function play a central role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of metabolic syndromes. Here, we show that chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) plays a pivotal role in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis. COUP-TFII is expressed in the early stages of white adipocyte development. COUP-TFII heterozygous mice (COUP-TFII(+/-)) have much less white adipose tissue (WAT) than wild-type mice (COUP-TFII(+/+)). COUP-TFII(+/-) mice display a decreased expression of key regulators for WAT development. Knockdown COUP-TFII in 3T3-L1 cells resulted in an increased expression of Wnt10b, while chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Wnt10b is a direct target of COUP-TFII. Moreover, COUP-TFII(+/-) mice have increased mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT, and COUP-TFII(+/-) mice have improved glucose homeostasis and increased energy expenditure. Thus, COUP-TFII regulates adipogenesis by regulating the key molecules in adipocyte development and can serve as a target for regulating energy metabolism.
Refined mapping of blood pressure quantitative trait loci using congenic strains developed from two genetically hypertensive rat models

Previously linkage and substitution mapping were conducted between the Dahl Salt-sensitive (S) rat and the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) to address the hypothesis that genetic contributions to blood pressure (BP) in two genetically hypertensive rat strains are different. Among the BP quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected, two are located on chromosome 9 within large genomic segments. The goal of the current study was to develop new iterations of congenic substrains, to further resolve both of these BP QTLs on chromosome 9 as independent congenic segments. A total of 10 new congenic substrains were developed and characterized. The newly developed congenic substrains S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A and S.SHR(9)x10Ax1, with introgressed segments of 2.05 and 6.14 Mb, represented the shortest genomic segments. Both of these congenic substrains, S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A and S.SHR(9)x10Ax1 lowered BP of the S rat by 56 mm Hg (P<0.001) and 15 mm Hg (P<0.039), respectively. The BP measurements were corroborated by radiotelemetry. Urinary protein excretion was significantly lowered by SHR alleles within S.SHR(9)x10Ax1 but not by S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A. The shorter of the two congenic segments, 2.05 Mb was further characterized and found to contain a single differentially expressed protein-coding gene, Tomoregulin-2 (Tmeff2). The protein expression of Tmeff2 was higher in the S rat compared with S.SHR(9)x8Ax11A, which also had lower cardiac hypertrophy as measured by echocardiography. Tmeff2 is known to be upregulated in patients from multiple cohorts with cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, Tmeff2 can be prioritized as a candidate gene for hypertension and associated cardiac hypertrophy in both rats and in humans.
The effects of hypothalamic knife cuts on drinking rhythms and the estrus cycle of the rat.

Knife cuts placed posterior, anterior, or lateral to the suprachiasmatic nuclei failed to eliminate the drinking and eating rhythms of rats. Partial isolation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, interrupting simultaneously lateral, caudal, and dorsal efferents, permanently abolished drinking rhythms in the presence of a light—dark cycle and in constant dim light. This manipulation also eliminated the estrus cycle of rats. The results suggest that drinking rhythms are controlled by neural efferents from the suprachiasmatic nuclei. While the exact course of these efferents could not be determined, they appear to be anatomically different from those regulating hormonal rhythms of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.