cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: Toward Real-Time Threads

Abstract This research addresses the timeliness of task execution in real-time systems. Specifically, we investigate the dynamic scheduling of tasks with well-defined timing constraints. We present a dynamic optimal uniprocessor scheduling algorithm with an O ( n log n ) worst case complexity. The preemptive scheduling performed by our algorithm is shown to be of higher efficiency than that of other algorithms presented in the literature. Furthermore, tasks may be related by precedence constraints, and they may have arbitrary deadlines and start times (which need not equal to their arrival times). To permit the algorithm’s experimental evaluation, we have embedded the algorithm in a real-time threads package developed for a shared memory multiprocessor. It has shown that the average case performance of the algorithm is much better than that of the worst case. It has also shown that dynamic task scheduling is possible for a large number of tasks with acceptable overhead. Current research concerns the dynamic algorithm’s extension to perform real-time scheduling on multiple processors as well as to schedule tasks with both timing constraints and different levels of criticalness.
Abstract 102: NIHSS Lacks Validity and Sensitivity in Postacute Stroke

Stroke remains a leading cause of disability, with those affected usually experiencing long-term motor deficits. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is commonly used to measure a...
Psychological Co-morbidities of Obesity

The association between obesity and psychological disorders has gained attention as the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased in recent decades. Prevalence of obesity in people with psychological disorders has grown as fast or faster than in the general population (Am J Prev Med 36:341–350, 2009), which points to a growing health disparity in psychological-disordered populations. Not only are people with various psychological disorders disproportionately affected by obesity, but obesity appears to increase risk for various psychological disorders. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the associations between obesity and psychological disorders, potential mechanisms underlying these associations, and assessment and treatment of individuals with these comorbidities, including clinical challenges. Gaps in the research literature will be identified and recommendations for future made.
Macromolecular composition of secretions produced by human bronchial explants.

In recent years, the successful maintenance of explants of human1'2 and animal3 airway mucosa in organ culture has contributed to our understanding of factors which regulate the secretion of tracheo-bronchial mucus. Such in vitro preparations, particularly of human airways, also provide the possibility for assessing the effects of pharmacologic stimuli on both the composition of airway mucus and the structural characteristics of its macromolecular components. This report describes the preliminary findings of an analysis of the macromolecular components of secretions produced by human bronchial explants.
Hypertriglyceridemia in Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pediatric Care

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is estimated that the risk of CVD in diabetes mellitus (DM) is 2 to 10 times higher than in the general population. Much of this increased risk is thought to be related to the development of an atherogenic lipid profile, in which hypertriglyceridemia is an essential component. Recent studies suggest that dyslipidemia may be present in children and adolescents with DM, particularly in T2DM and in association with poor control in T1DM. However, the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of future CVD in youth with DM is unclear, as data are scarce. In this review, we will evaluate the pathophysiology of atherogenic hypertriglyceridemia in DM, the evidence regarding an independent role of triglycerides in the development of CVD, and the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with DM, highlighting the potential relevance to children and the need for more data in children and adolescents to guide clinical practice.
Regulation of Somatostatin Gene Expression by Cyclic AMP

The work of Sutherland, Rall, and colleagues in the 1950’s firmly established the role of cyclic AMP as an important regulator of cellular processes.
The Quiet Undoing: How Regional Electricity Market Reforms Threaten State Clean Energy Goals

In a series of largely unnoticed but extremely consequential moves, two regional electricity market operators are pursuing reforms to make it more difficult for states to achieve their clean energy goals. The federal energy regulator, FERC, has already approved one such reform and ordered a second market operator to go farther in punishing state-supported clean energy resources than it had initially proposed. This disturbing trend highlights a shift in energy governance that threatens to destabilize the field’s delicate cooperative federalist model. Over the past several decades, states have increasingly ceded control over energy dispatch and grid planning to private market operators, on the understanding that these neutral entities would design regional markets to accommodate state resource preferences. Now, several operators are alleging that state clean energy policies “harm” their markets — with scant support as to why — and have instituted reforms intended to protect fossil-fuel resources from the impacts of state policy preferences. In this essay, we bring to light the ways in which the intricate, technical reforms underway in regional electricity markets threaten state climate change objectives and the durability of FERC’s regional market constructs. If FERC allows private market operators to impose their policy preferences on participating states — or if FERC requires pro-fossil market designs — progress in decarbonizing the electricity sector will likely slow. At the same time, the potential for greater regional cooperation in electricity markets — a critical strategy for integrating a high penetration of renewable energy onto the electricity grid — will diminish.
Proposing a population-specific intervention approach to treat trauma among men during and after incarceration.

A significant treatment gap exists for incarcerated men with lifetime traumatic experiences. A small research base for trauma interventions for incarcerated women is emerging, but incarcerated men have largely been ignored. Men comprise 90% of the incarcerated population and are at the greatest risk
Performance Drivers in a Multinational Enterprise

Performance is associated typically with a sustained growth rate. Corporate initiatives are dedicated to growth opportunities; however, the sustainable realization of growth has received little attention in literature, despite often being identified as a goal for managers, thereby ultimately leading to unrealized value. The assumption is that performance is sustained competitive advantage that produces a conglomerate surplus. While this is true, this study shows that performance is capability and execution that produces sustained corporate advantage as an outcome. Details emerge from the case study to provide clarity on performance aspects.
General and Theoretical Considerations in the Assessment of Reliability

The term reliability is often used to describe the temporal stability of a set of measurement procedures. Other frequent uses of the term are related to internal consistency and agreement among different users of the procedures. These different usages all relate to a single concept, namely, the estimation of the influence of error on the scores resulting from the use of the test or set of procedures. A perfectly reliable test is a test that measures without error. Error-free measurement is a practical impossibility. Instead, it is an ideal to which test authors and developers attempt approximations. As well as being an impossible ideal to attain in a practical sense, reliability is also an impossible concept to evaluate directly. All of the methods and designs discussed in Chapter 3 are able only to estimate the reliability of the test. As will be seen in the more complete discussion in Chapter 3, the methods and designs are attempts to estimate the degree of error that influences test scores by systematically varying the possible sources of error. The success of the endeavor is related to the quality of the methods and designs and to the ability of the researcher to comprehensively describe the possible sources of error.
Cannabinoid Signaling Selectively Modulates GABAergic Inhibitory Input to OFF Bipolar Cells in Rat Retina.

Purpose In the mammalian retina, cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are well-positioned to alter inhibitory synaptic function from amacrine cells and, thus, might influence visual signal processing in the inner retina. However, it is not known if CB1R modulates amacrine cells feedback inhibition at retinal bipolar cell (BC) terminals. Methods Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings, we examined the pharmacological effect of CB1R activation and inhibition on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and glutamate-evoked IPSCs (gIPSCs) from identified OFF BCs in light-adapted rat retinal slices. Results Activation of CB1R with WIN55212-2 selectively increased the frequency of GABAergic, but not glycinergic sIPSC in types 2, 3a, and 3b OFF BCs, and had no effect on inhibitory activity in type 4 OFF BCs. The increase in GABAergic activity was eliminated in axotomized BCs and can be suppressed by blocking CB1R with AM251 or GABAA and GABAρ receptors with SR-95531 and TPMPA, respectively. In all OFF BC types tested, a brief application of glutamate to the outer plexiform layer elicited gIPSCs comprising GABAergic and glycinergic components that were unaffected by CB1R activation. However, blocking CB1R selectively increased GABAergic gIPSCs, supporting a role for endocannabinoid signaling in the regulation of glutamate-evoked GABAergic inhibitory feedback to OFF BCs. Conclusions CB1R activation shape types 2, 3a, and 3b OFF BC responses by selectively regulate GABAergic feedback inhibition at their axon terminals, thus cannabinoid signaling might play an important role in the fine-tuning of visual signal processing in the mammalian inner retina.
Digital focusing and image registration for resolution-preserving angular compounding in optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) suffers from speckle noise due to use of spatially coherent light, leading to significant reductions in image quality. Angular compounding techniques have been applied to remove speckle noise, but, existing image registration methods only guarantee pure angular compounding in the focal plane and produce spatial averaging in the defocused regions. This work develops an image registration model to correctly localize the real-space location of every pixel in OCT images captured at multiple incident angles, with digital focusing to further increase the lateral resolution and contrast. In the composite image, speckle suppression and resolution enhancement are realized.
The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Brain Volume in Children and Adolescents With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

The positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive performance is mediated, in part, by differences in brain structure in typically developing youth. Associations between brain regions that relate to SES overlap with brain regions known to be sensitive to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Animal models demonstrate that PAE attenuates neural and cognitive benefits of early life enrichment. However, whether or not environmental factors related to SES are associated with brain development in youth affected by PAE remains unknown in humans. Methods. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained in participants with PAE and compared to age- and sex- matched Controls (n=197, 48% with PAE, 44% girls, 6.5-17.7 years old). General linear modeling was utilized to examine associations between SES and subcortical brain volumes for youth with PAE compared to Controls. Results. Group by SES interactions were observed within the hippocampus (HPC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral diencephalon (vDC) (corrected p values < 0.05), where positive associations (e.g., higher SES related to larger subcortical volumes) were observed within Controls, but not youth with PAE. Post-hoc analyses examined associations between SES and brain volumes within each group independently, and revealed widespread positive associations among Controls (Amyg, HPC, NAc, Pallidum, Putamen, vDC), but not youth with PAE. Across both groups, larger subcortical volumes were related to higher cognitive performance. Conclusions. Typically developing youth exhibit increased subcortical volumes with increased SES, and surprisingly, this relationship is attenuated, and often absent, in adolescents with PAE. Findings suggest that subcortical brain volumes are neurocognitively relevant in both groups. The present results expand our understanding of the impact of PAE on the developing human brain within varying environmental contexts, and may inform novel environmental interventions that aim to improve, in part, on-going disruptions in brain development among youth with PAE. Our study highlights novel complexities in the pursuit to understand SES-brain associations, as we provide evidence that SES matters for brain outcomes among typically developing youth, and possibly not as much on an already altered brain as a result of PAE.
Markers of malignant prostate cancer cells: Golgi localization of α-mannosidase 1A at GM130-GRASP65 site and appearance of high mannose N-glycans on cell surface

Abstract The ability to distinguish malignant from indolent prostate cancer cells is critically important for identification of clinically significant prostate cancer to minimize unnecessary overtreatment and sufferings endured by patients who have indolent cancer. Recently, we discovered that loss of giantin function as the primary Golgi targeting site for endoplasmic reticulum-derived transport vesicles in aggressive prostate cancer cells caused a shift of the Golgi localization site of α-mannosidase 1A to 130 KDa Golgi matrix protein (GM130)-65 KDa Golgi reassembly-stacking protein (GRASP65) site resulting in emergence of high mannose N-glycans on trans-Golgi enzymes and cell surface glycoproteins. To extend this observation, we isolated two cell clones (Clone 1 and Clone 2) from high passage LNCaP cells, which exhibited androgen refractory property missing in low passage LNCaP cells, and characterized their malignant property. We have found that comparing to Clone 2, which does not have cell surface high mannose N-glycans and exhibits localization of α-mannosidase 1A at giantin site, Clone 1 displays cell surface high mannose N-glycans, exhibits localization of α-mannosidase 1A at GM130-GRASP65 site, and shows a faster rate of closing the wound in a wound healing assay. The results indicate that Golgi localization of α-mannosidase 1A at GM130-GRASP65 site and appearance of cell surface high mannose N-glycans may serve as markers of malignant prostate cancer cells.
Cervical Arthroplasty: Long-Term Outcomes of FDA IDE Trials:

Study Design:Special Issues MIS/Navigation.Objectives:Over the past decade, cervical total disc replacement has been established in numerous randomized clinical trials as an alternative to anterior...
Radio selection and data partitioning for energy-efficient wireless data transfer in real-time IoT applications

Abstract The importance of real-time wireless data transfer is rapidly increasing for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. For example, smart glasses worn by a doctor need to transmit real-time data to a hospital information system, which performs face detection and recognition, for real-time interaction with recognized patients within a certain deadline, which is ideally a few hundred milliseconds. Other emerging IoT applications, e.g., structural health monitoring, clinical monitoring, and industrial process automation, also require real-time wireless data transfer. Those applications have critical demands for real-time and energy-efficient communication through wireless medium. However, it is very challenging to support stringent timing constraints energy-efficiently through wireless medium due to its inherent unreliability and timing-unpredictability. Fortunately, heterogeneous radios are becoming increasingly available in modern embedded devices, offering new opportunities to use multiple wireless technologies to accommodate the needs of real-time applications. In this paper, we formulate the runtime radio selection and data partitioning for real-time IoT applications as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem and present an optimal algorithm that makes quick and optimal decisions when selecting between two radios, a heuristic algorithm for the platforms with more radios, and a runtime algorithm that reduces deadline miss ratio when facing tight deadlines.
Thanks for inviting me to the party: Virtual poster sessions as a way to connect in a time of disconnection

Abstract COVID-19 presented the world with trauma and isolation, but many people, including educators, have offered bright spots of creativity and engagement As we confronted these issues in our own ecology classroom, we sought solutions to carry-forward the learning objectives we set for our students in January 2020, yet encourage interaction with the sensitivity that a pandemic requires In the rapid transition to online course delivery, we opted to retain the original end-of-semester poster project in our introductory ecology course However, we experimented with a new virtual platform where students could disseminate their work and communicate with the community In this paper, we discuss the Mozilla Hubs virtual reality platform that we used for our event We also collected qualitative data to share the benefits and challenges of this experience felt by the students, the instructors, and external observers
Nonlinear Supra-Electroporation in Realistic Stem Cell Morphologies

Exposing cells to ultrashort electric field pulses can lead to the permeabilization of the membranes of the internal cell organelles, such as the nucleus, which is termed as supra-electroporation. In this paper, we study the supra-electroporation of stem cells with realistic morphologies under nanosecond electrical pulse stimulation. For such short pulses, the cell and the nucleus membranes exhibit non-linearity in their conductance. Therefore, we used a non-linear model for the cells' membranes, coupled with a quasi-static electromagnetic solver, and obtained the solution using a commercial Finite Element Method (FEM) solver. The results show that the outer shape of the cell has a strong effect on the magnitude and the spatiotemporal patterns of the electric field inside the cell, which affects the rate of the supra-electroporation of the nucleus. These variations in the rate of the supra-electroporation of the nucleus can guide the selective targeting of desired cells with specific shapes.
Identification of 3’ UTR motifs required for mRNA localization to myelin sheaths in vivo

ABSTRACT Myelin is a specialized membrane produced by oligodendrocytes that insulates and supports axons. Oligodendrocytes extend numerous cellular processes, as projections of the plasma membrane, and simultaneously wrap multiple layers of myelin membrane around target axons. Notably, myelin sheaths originating from the same oligodendrocyte are variable in size, suggesting local mechanisms regulate myelin sheath growth. Purified myelin contains ribosomes and hundreds of mRNAs, supporting a model that mRNA localization and local protein synthesis regulate sheath growth and maturation. However, the mechanisms by which mRNAs are selectively enriched in myelin sheaths are unclear. To investigate how mRNAs are targeted to myelin sheaths, we tested the hypothesis that transcripts are selected for myelin enrichment through consensus sequences in the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR). Using methods to visualize mRNA in living zebrafish larvae, we identified candidate 3’ UTRs that were sufficient to localize mRNA to sheaths and enriched near growth zones of nascent membrane. We bioinformatically identified motifs common in 3’ UTRs from three myelin-enriched transcripts and determined that these motifs are required for mRNA transport to myelin sheaths. Finally, we show that one motif is highly enriched in the myelin transcriptome, suggesting that this sequence is a global regulator of mRNA localization during developmental myelination.
Know When to Fold 'Em: The International Effects of Murphy v. NCAA and Why Antigua Holds the Cards

“Americans have never been one mind about gambling.” However, the country’s past demonstrates a long history of discomfort with the concept of betting, especially within the domain of sports. Accordingly, the United States has integrated such concerns into the country’s legal scheme, both nationally and at the state level. Recently, however, the gambling landscape within the United States has evolved. With the advancement of gambling platforms, popularity of sports, ascension of fantasy leagues, and a recent ruling by the Supreme Court, sports gambling has largely become integrated within the country’s recreational culture. However, the effects of such a cultural lifestyle innovation are much broader in scope. The much discussed case of Murphy v. NCAA has obvious implications for domestic providers of sports gambling within states that legalize the activity. However, the international consequences of the decision have largely been ignored. In a 2003 World Trade Organization dispute, various international sovereigns complained that the lack of access to the United States’ gambling market constituted a stark violation of world trade obligations. The United States claimed morality as a defense and argued that the country’s general sentiment for gambling constituted a legitimate excuse for limiting market access. The United States won this battle, but lost the war on other grounds and has been subject to an annual judgment in favor of the claimants – an obligation with which the United State has refused to comply. Notwithstanding this aftermath, a changing of the tide within the country on the issue of gambling produces an important consideration. While a defense of public morality was a compelling argument at the time it was invoked, does this contention have any legitimacy in the United States of today? This Article argues that the United States should acknowledge its internal cultural evolution and accept its own transformation. On an international scale, this means taking action to prevent trade disputes from re-emerging. The country must look to its past without hesitation and employ the Gambler’s Fallacy. Nearly two decades have passed since the United States has justified its international policy on gambling by pointing to public morality. Yet, this span of time without international intervention should be scrutinized by the United States with the “maturity of chances” to become wary that tranquility is near its end. Accordingly, the Article takes a proactive approach to international relations and politics in the trading of gambling services.
Dietary fiber, starch, and sugars in bananas at different stages of ripeness in the retail market

The goal of this work was to evaluate changes in dietary fiber measured by the traditional enzymatic-gravimetric method (AOAC 991.43) and the more recently accepted modified enzymatic-gravimetric method (AOAC 2011.25), mono- and disaccharides, and starch as a function of assessed ripeness in a controlled study of a single lot of bananas and in bananas at the same assessed stages of ripeness from bananas purchased in retail stores, from different suppliers. Sugars, starch, and dietary fiber were analyzed in bananas from a single lot, at different stages of ripeness, and in retail samples at the same assessed stages of ripeness. Mean fiber measured by the traditional enzymatic-gravimetric method (EG) was ~2 g/100g and not affected by ripeness. Mean fiber assessed with the recently modified method (mEG) was ~18 g/100g in unripe fruit and decreased to 4-5 g/100g in ripe and ~2 g/100g in overripe bananas. Slightly ripe and ripe bananas differed by ~1.1 g/100g in the controlled single-lot study but not among retail samples. There was a large increase in fructose, glucose and total sugar going from unripe to ripe with no differences between ripe and overripe. Aside from stage of ripeness, the carbohydrate composition in retail bananas is likely affected by differences in cultivar and post-harvest handling. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of measuring dietary fiber using the mEG approach, developing more comprehensive and sensitive carbohydrate analytical protocols and food composition data, and recognizing the impact of different stages of maturity and ripeness on carbohydrate intake estimated from food composition data.
Statheros: Compiler for Efficient Low-Precision Probabilistic Programming

As Edge and IoT computing devices process noisy data or make decisions in uncertain environments, they require frameworks for inexpensive, yet accurate probabilistic inference. Probabilistic programming has emerged as a powerful way for developers to write high-level programs, while abstracting away the implementation details of inference. However, the existing algorithms are slow and often assumed to require precise calculations. We present Statheros, the first compiler for low-level, fixed-point approximation of probabilistic programming. Statheros compiles programs to fixed-point inference procedures and is able to determine the optimal fixed-point type to use. We evaluate Statheros on 13 benchmarks and three embedded platforms. The results show that Statheros-generated code is 11. 5x (Arduino), 3. 8x (PocketBeagle), and 2. 2x (Raspberry Pi) faster than single-precision floating-point computation, with minimal accuracy loss.
Physician's attitudes toward occupational medicine: an empirical study.

(1995). Physician's Attitudes Toward Occupational Medicine. Journal of Ambulatory Care Marketing: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 75-83.
Vascular studies of the legs for venous or arterial disease.

The basis of in-office evaluation of vascular disease involves continuous wave Doppler ultrasound to estimate flow in arteries and veins. Arterial evaluation localizes sites of obstruction and decreased pressure using segmental systolic pressures obtained by Doppler ultrasound. Ankle compared with brachial arterial pressure is the most rapid screening test. Venous evaluation identifies sources of increased pressure transmitted by incompetent valves to surface veins causing varicosities and telangiectases. Doppler ultrasound permits sites of reverse flow (incompetent valves) to be localized, whereas plethysmography enables physiologic consequences of incompetent valves to be analyzed.
The Raft by Jim LaMarche

When Nicky is told that he will be spending the summer with his grandmother because his dad has to work, he complains, “She doesn't even have a TV.” His dad assured him that Grandma would find plen...
Decolonizing Traditional Pedagogies and Practices in Counseling and Psychology Education: A Move Towards Social Justice and Action

While numerous scholars in the fields of counseling and psychology have called for the implementation of social justice counselor education and training, there remains concern that both multiculturalism and social justice are only embraced superficially and may not truly be enacted in counseling and psychology training programs. Often, counseling and psychology education programs include multiculturalism, diversity, and even social justice in their mission statements, but they fail to offer their students the depth and breadth of training experiences required to actually provide such an education. For instance, most programs have one course that addresses multiculturalism, but this concept is only occasionally mentioned in other courses and social justice is rarely discussed at all. This gives the false impression that counseling and psychology education programs are addressing diversity, when in actuality these programs are not preparing students to practice in ways that attend to the unique experiences of the diverse clients they will serve or to address to the complex ways in which social injustice manifests in the lives of clients, particularly those from marginalized social groups. Further, since multiculturalism and social justice have become popularized in the counseling and psychology lexicon, we now see regular attempts within counseling and psychology education programs to actualize these concepts, but in ways that are often superficial and simply reinforce the status quo.
Correlation of Temperature and Pathophysiological Effect During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the AV Junction

Background Accelerated junctional rhythms have been observed before the development of AV nodal block during radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of the AV junction. However, the time course and temperatures required to induce an accelerated junctional rhythm and AV nodal block during this procedure have not yet been characterized. Methods and Results Nineteen patients underwent RF ablation of the AV junction with a thermistor ablation catheter. RF energy was initially delivered at 10 W for 9 seconds and then increased by 5-W increments for 9 seconds at each power level up to a maximum power of 50 W. If a junctional rhythm was observed during the power titration, a 30- to 60-second RF application was then delivered at the same power level. The power was then further increased to a maximum of 50 W if AV nodal block was not observed after 20 seconds of RF delivery. The procedure was successful in all 19 patients. A median of one RF application (range, one to eight applications) was required to produce permanent AV nodal block. An accelerated junctional rhythm was observed during 89% of successful attempts versus 70% of unsuccessful deliveries ( P =NS). The median time to onset of the junctional rhythm was significantly shorter during successful compared with unsuccessful applications (1.8 versus 7.7 seconds, respectively; P P P Conclusions The development of an accelerated junctional rhythm within 5 seconds and the appearance of AV nodal block within 30 seconds of RF onset were both highly characteristic of successful target sites during RF ablation of the AV junction. The accelerated junctional rhythm and AV nodal block were both highly temperature dependent. The temperatures associated with the onset of AV nodal block were significantly higher than the temperatures resulting in an accelerated junctional rhythm.
Regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from tobacco: Changes in pH response and affinity for CO2 and Mg2+ induced by chloroplast intermediates☆

Abstract Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate caryboxylase-oxygenase is activated by CO2 and Mg2+ in a process distinct from catalysis. The effect of chloroplast metabolites as they separately influenced either activation or catalysis of tobacco carboxylase was examined. Of the 28 metabolites examined, 13 effected activation of the carboxylase. The strongest positive effectors were NADPH, gluconate-6-P, glycerate-2-P, and glycerate-3-P. Negative effectors included ribose-5-P, fructose-6-P, glucose-6-P, and pyrophosphate. The concentration of CO2 or Mg2+ necessary to produce half-maximal activation is defined as Kact. NADPH and gluconate-6-P decreased the Kact(CO2) from 43 to 7.4 and 3.5 μ m , respectively (pH 8.0, 5 m m MgCl2). They also decreased the Kact(M.g2+), but had little affect on the affinity of the enzyme for CO2 during the catalytic process. Increasing Mg2+ concentration decreased the Kact(CO2) and increasing CO2 concentration decreased the Kact-(Mg2+). NADP+ and gluconate-6-P also affected the pH profile of activation, shifting it toward lower pH values. Changes in activation had no effect on the pH profile for catalysis of CO2 fixation. Effectors influenced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase in a manner analogous to the carboxylase. At air levels of O2 and CO2, the ratio of carboxylase to oxygenase activity was not changed by the presence of effectors, including hydroxylamine.
Identification and Cloning of the Human Homolog (JAG1) of the RatJagged1Gene from the Alagille Syndrome Critical Region at 20p12

Abstract Notch proteins are a family of closely related transmembrane receptors proven to be instrumental in cell fate decisions. Recently, Notch ligands Delta and Jagged have been identified in Drosophila and rat, respectively. We have isolated the human homolog of the rat Jagged1 gene, JAG1, from a CpG island in a YAC clone covering the Alagille syndrome critical region at chromosome 20p12 (tel– SNAP – D20S186 –cen). Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by neonatal jaundice, paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts, and abnormalities of the heart, skeleton, and eyes. The human Jagged1 ( JAG1 ), therefore, appears to be a strong candidate gene for this disease. Here we describe the identification, full-length cDNA cloning, expression patterns, and precise physical location of this gene within the Alagille syndrome critical region.
Sediment and microbial fouling of experimental groundwater recharge trenches

Abstract A common method of recharging groundwater is by the use of injection wells and/or recharge trenches. With time the recharge capacities of the wells/trenches progressively decline. Deposition of suspended fines in the recharge water and growth of microorganisms in the aquifer are common causes of this decline. This paper presents an investigation of the relative significance of these two factors under controlled laboratory conditions. Large-scale physical models of recharge trenches were conducted in the laboratory to monitor the decline with time of the recharge capacity under controlled conditions. The physical models consisted of four hydraulically separate cells in which six different experiments were conducted. In three of the experiments microorganism were added as an inoculant. A nutrient and carbon fine solution was constantly injected into the influent stream entering through the inflow pipe. Both carbon fines and microorganisms caused plugging of the model recharge trenches in the laboratory. However, initialy the microbes appeared to have a beneficial effect by hindering the transport of the carbon fines from the gravel pack in the trench. Later the microbes contributed to the plugging of the gravel pack. A significant correlation was determined between the extent of carbon fine deposition and microbial growth. In the experiment using a biodegradable slurry, microbial growth did not affect the recharge capacity of the trench. One laboratory experiment involved the introduction of silt as a source of sediment fines to the model recharge trench. This experiment simulated conditions often found in the field when no carbon fine adsoprtion system is used and natural surface water is recharged into aquifer. This research will be useful in understanding the relative importance of factors contributing to the decline of recharge capacity observed in the field.
High resolution Auger electron imaging of supported metal particles

High spatial resolution Auger electron spectra and images of supported metal particles have been obtained in a UHV scanning transmission electron microscope. An edge resolution < 3 nm has been achieved. The number of atoms in a small particle can be estimated from the integrated intensity of the Auger electrons. This method is very useful for detecting and measuring particles with sizes smaller than the incident probe size. Ag clusters containing less than 20 atoms have been detected when supported on a thin carbon film.
Magnetic flux structures in superconductors-a conference summary

The proceedings of the International Conference on Magnetic Structures in Superconductors held at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois on 5-8 September 1973 are reviewed and summarized. Recent experimental and theoretical developments in the field of magnetic flux structures in both type-I and type-II superconductors are described, current research directions are discussed, and expected future developments are outlined.
Engineers: A vital resource in critically short supply

THE AMERICAN PEOPLE recognize that their country has a tremendous capacity to produce goods of all kinds. They have seen this country turn out prodigious quantities as materiel for support of its Army, Navy, and Air Force and for the support of its allies in defending the world against the destruction of democracy. The people have great faith in the country's power to produce. This power hinges upon the scientific and technical know-how through which the abilities to design, research, produce, and properly operate the vast wheels of industry, come about. The country witnessed a great development of its scientists and engineers during World War II. It came to realize that great dependence was placed upon the achievements of these men in the final winning of the war.
Shear rotation numbers

This paper presents results on rotation numbers for orientation-preserving torus homeomorphisms homotopic to a Dehn twist. Rotation numbers and the rotation set for such homeomorphisms have been defined and initially investigated by the first author in a previous paper. Here we prove that each rotation number in the interior of the rotation set is realized by some compact invariant set, and that there is an ergodic measure on that set with mean rotation number . It is also proved that the function which assigns its rotation set to such a homeomorphism is continuous. Finally, a counterexample is presented that shows that rational extremal points of the shear rotation set do not necessarily correspond to any periodic orbits.
Biogeochemical cycling in an organic-rich coastal marine basin. 5. Sedimentary nitrogen and phosphorus budgets based upon kinetic models, mass balances, and the stoichiometry of nutrient regeneration

Abstract The rapid rates of sediment accumulation (~ 10–20 cm/yr) in the recently formed Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina, have resulted in the deposition of approximately 157 moles of carbon, 14 moles of nitrogen and 1.3 moles of phosphorus, per square meter annually. The metabolism of the organic matter in these anoxic sediments is dominated by sulfate reduction and fermentation reactions. Sedimentary nitrogen and phosphorus budgets are estimated using 3 related approaches: 1) a kinetic model of solid phase diagenesis; 2) direct measurements of nutrient burial and regeneration; and 3) nutrient recycling rates estimated from annual rates of sulfate reduction and the SO 4 :NH 4 and SO 4 :PO 4 stoichiometry of nutrient regeneration. The mass balances derived agree reasonably well and indicate that approximately 30% of the total nitrogen and 15% of the total phosphorus deposited in these sediments are recycled. The kinetics of nutrient regeneration are rapid. The mean residence time for recycled nutrients within the sediment is 4 to 6 months for nitrogen and 1.5 to 2 years for phosphorus. Nearly 60% of the total nitrogen regeneration and 90% of the total phosphorus regeneration occur during the 4 month summer period of June through September. Nitrogen regeneration, like carbon, appears to be controlled by the microbially-mediated metabolism of labile organic matter. The greater asymmetry and lower percent turnover in phosphorus cycling is apparently due to changes in its solubility under oxidized and reduced conditions and selective regeneration prior to deposition.
Trends in child welfare's focus on children's mental health and services from 1980–2004

This study examined how one of the oldest and most widely distributed child welfare practice journals addressed children's mental health issues over a 25-year period. The content of 478 articles was coded. Logistic regression findings indicate that mental health issues were discussed less frequently over the first half of the period examined, and then more frequently over the last decade. Residential treatment was discussed less frequently over time, but other community-based alternatives to residential treatment were rarely discussed at any point, so that overall the content related to treatment of mental health issues decreased as discussion of residential treatment decreased. These findings suggest that although the child welfare literature has recently focused more on children's mental health, dissemination of specific concepts from the mental health to the child welfare literature does not naturally occur over time. Efforts targeted at dissemination of effective community-based mental health interventions for foster children may be needed to support this process.
Fc RECEPTOR MEDIATED CLEARANCE, IN VIVO, IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT PULMONARY INFECTIONS

Previous studies established defective Fc receptor mediated clearance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE), a disorder associated with circulating immune complexes (CIC). The finding of CIC in sera of patients with cystic fibrosis and speculation that progressive CF pulmonary disease may be due to immune complex deposition prompted the present study. Accordingly, we tested Fc mediated clearance in vivo in patients with CF (N=13), other chronic inflammatory lung diseases (N=6), SLE (N=6), hypogammaglobulinemics (N=6) and normals (N=10) with the use of 51cr labeled autologous erythrocytes sensitized with anti-Rh(D) antibody. CF patients, chronic pulmonary disease patients and hypogammaglobulinemics had accelerated Fc receptor mediated clearance rates (T 1/2 =19.6 min, 16 min and 12.8 min, respectively) compared to normals (T 1/2 = 27.5 min) and patients with SLE (T 1/2 = 38.6 min). These data suggest that PC mediated clearance in chronic inflammatory diseases other than SLE reflect enhanced reticuloendothelial cell function and not the depressed clearance function found in diseases thought to be due to immune complex deposition.
Glucocorticoid regulation of preproenkephalin messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat striatum.

Glucocorticoids regulate the level of preproenkephalin mRNA expression in a number of cell systems. This study investigated the expression of preproenkephalin mRNA in the brain and its regulation by glucocorticoids in vivo. Two different methods for mRNA quantitation were employed. Total RNA isolated from dissected brain tissue was analyzed in an RNAse T2 protection assay. In addition, we have used in situ hybridization to brain sections to assess the expression of preproenkephalin mRNA. The results demonstrate that in the striatum the preproenkephalin mRNA is expressed at a high level and is regulated by glucocorticoids. There is a decrease in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA after adrenalectomy (ADX), and ADX animals replaced with corticosterone express higher levels of striatal preproenkephalin mRNA than ADX animals. By in situ hybridization we have determined that the corticosterone-induced increase in striatal preproenkephalin mRNA is evident after 16 h, but not after 2 h, of corticosterone replacement...
Continuous and burst-like accretion on to substellar companions in Mira winds

ABSTRACT We present numerical hydrodynamical modeling of the eﬀects of a giant planetor brown dwarf companion orbiting within the extended atmosphere and wind for-mation zone of an approximately solar-mass Mira variable star. The large-scale, time-dependent accretion ﬂows within the radially oscillating and outﬂowing circumstellargas around Miras are related to Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton ﬂows, but have not, to ourknowledge, been previously modelled. The new models presented in this paper illus-trate the changes in accretion and wake dynamics as the companion mass is variedover a range from 10 to 50 Jupiter masses (M J ), and generalize the results of thesingle model we presented in an earlier paper.The character of the accretion onto the companion changes greatly as the com-panion mass is increased. At the lowest companion masses considered here, a lowcontinuous rate of mass accretion is punctuated by large, nearly periodic bursts of ac-cretion. When the companion mass is large, the mass accretion has both a continuouspart, and a rapidly varying, nearly stochastic part. Surprisingly, the angular momen-tum of the accreted gas shows an opposite trend with mass, varying nearly periodicallyat large companion masses, and stochastically at low masses. These trends can be un-derstood as the result of the interplay between the shocks and radial oscillations inthe circumstellar gas, and the wake ﬂow behind the companion. Boundary conditionsalso aﬀect the character of the accretion. The equation of state, however, is found tohave little eﬀect, at least for gamma-law gases, with gamma in the range from 1 to5/3.Models with accretion bursts may produce observable optical brightenings, andmay aﬀect SiO maser emission, as we suggested in previous papers. Interruptions ofcontinuous accretion, or shadowing eﬀects, could give rise to bursts of dimming inthe optical. Such dimming eﬀects are likely to be correlated with bursts and opticalﬂashes, helping to explain some rather mysterious Hipparcos observations.Key words:stars: variables: stars – AGB and Post-AGB – accretion, accretion discs – masers –circumstellar matter – planetary systems: stars – winds.
Thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma: Case report

Thorotrast, a contrast medium used extensively before being banned in 1950s, delivers a densely ionizing, high linear energy transfer type of radiation that predisposes to malignancies. We report a case of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma and describe its computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging features in a patient who developed it 48 years after exposure to Thorotrast.
Thromboelastographic profile for a dog with hypocoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic phase of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

The objective of this study is to report the use of thromboelastography as a diagnostic tool for the hyperfibrinolytic phase of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in a dog with metastatic haemangiosarcoma. We established a cytological (i.e. fine needle aspirate) and histopathological (i.e. excisional surgical biopsy) diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma in a 10-year-old male castrated Bichon Frise with multiple dark purple dermoepidermal nodules on the ventral abdomen and medial stifle areas, multiple small pulmonary nodules and a solitary liver mass. The dog was treated with chemotherapy (AC protocol). Forty-nine days after completion of four treatment cycles, the dog was presented for recheck. Complete blood count revealed anaemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Chemistry profile showed no significant abnormalities. Analysis of haemostasis consisted of prolonged clotting times (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time), mild hypofibrinogenaemia and increased D-dimers. A presumptive diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was made. A re-calcified thromboelastography was simultaneously done to confirm the coagulopathy. Thromboelastographic tracings correlated with the plasma-based test results showing hypocoagulability (prolonged clotting times and prolonged thromboelastography clot kinetics; weaker clot with decreased fibrinogen levels, platelet count and lower thromboelastography tracing amplitude) and hyperfibrinolysis (increased D-dimers and increased D-dimers and increased thromboelastography lysis parameters). Based on these results, the dog was considered to be in the hyperfibrinolytic phase of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Results of the conventional haemostasis tests supported those obtained on thromboelastography. Humane euthanasia was performed because of poor prognosis and progressive disease, making further follow-up unavailable. As demonstrated in this case report, thromboelastography was found to be a helpful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of the hyperfibrinolytic phases of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.