cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying lung structure. Experimental design and biologic variation in various models of lung injury.

The lung is a complex organ composed of a large number of different cell types of varying size and shape. Quantification of lung structure requires an understanding of how the distribution of specific cells and their characteristics affect the accuracy of measurement made on them and how to optimize experimental design for a morphometric study. We have studied lung structural modifications in a variety of lung injuries over the last decade. Extensive quantitative data from EM morphometric studies of pulmonary tissue have been collected. These data provide a unique opportunity to study the accuracy and efficiency of methods used to quantitate lung structure. We present and discuss novel computation-intensive methods for the estimation of biologic variability, sampling error, and measurement error. A new concept, unnested analysis of variance for stratified sampling and the use of computer-based methods for statistical analysis (the bootstrap method) and optimizing experimental design (nonlinear minimizatio...
Dynamics and control of a gravity-assisted underactuated robot arm for assembly operations inside an aircraft wing-box

We propose a novel concept for the actuation of a hyper-articulated robot arm for assembly operations inside an aircraft wing-box. Traditional electromechanical actuators powering individual joints are unsuitable for our purpose, because of limited space and large payload requirements. We propose an underactuated system which uses a single actuator at the base for the deployment of a multi d.o.f. serial linkage structure. Our proposed system exploits gravitational and gyroscopic torques in the system dynamics to rapidly deploy the system. There are no general techniques for the control of such underactuated systems. We develop and compare two approaches for determining the input required for a desired output trajectory and verify the results through simulation and experiments
The role of adiponectin in reproduction: from polycystic ovary syndrome to assisted reproduction

Objective To summarize the effects of the adipokine adiponectin on the reproductive endocrine system, from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the gonads and target tissues of the reproductive system. Design A Medline computer search was performed to identify relevant articles. Setting Research institution. Intervention(s) None. Result(s) Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that acts to reduce insulin resistance and atherogenic damage, but it also exerts actions in other tissues. Adiponectin mediates its actions in the periphery mainly via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Adiponectin receptors are present in many reproductive tissues, including the central nervous system, ovaries, oviduct, endometrium, and testes. Adiponectin influences gonadotropin release, normal pregnancy, and assisted reproduction outcomes. Conclusion(s) Adiponectin, a beneficial adipokine, represents a major link between obesity and reproduction. Higher levels of adiponectin are associated with improved menstrual function and better outcomes in assisted reproductive cycles.
Leaving us in tiers: can homophily be used to generate tiering effects?

Substantial evidence indicates that our social networks are divided into tiers in which people have a few very close social support group, a larger set of friends, and a much larger number of relatively distant acquaintances. Because homophily--the principle that like seeks like--has been suggested as a mechanism by which people interact, it may also provide a mechanism that generates such frequencies and distributions. However, our multi-agent simulation tool, Construct, suggests that a slight supplement to a knowledge homophily model--the inclusion of several highly salient personal facts that are infrequently shared--can more successfully lead to the tiering behavior often observed in human networks than a simplistic homophily model. Our findings imply that homophily on both general and personal facts is necessary in order to achieve realistic frequencies of interaction and distributions of interaction partners. Implications of the model are discussed, and recommendations are provided for simulation designers seeking to use homophily models to explain human interaction patterns.
Trends in the lifespan evolution of personal computers and implications for life cycle assessment studies: A case study of the U.S. higher education sector

WHEN considering environmental impacts associated with the upstream and downstream processes in electronic product life cycles, product lifespan is obviously a fundamental variable of interest. Not only does lifespan dictate the manufacturing energy and impacts created due to product replacement, but also the quality and operational characteristics of obsolete equipment requiring end-of-life (EOL) management. Furthermore, technological progress and the evolution of product lifespan are expected to induce changes in the environmental characteristics of manufacturing processes, performance characteristics of products, and in how consumers purchase, use and dispose of products. Nevertheless, existing studies and life cycle assessments (LCAs) of electronic products, almost without exception, consider lifespan to be constant over time. Although this oversimplifying assumption is often required by the scarcity of publicly available and temporally variable data, it also represents a fundamental methodological challenge inherent to LCAs and other approaches used to inform environmental management and policy decisions.
Synthesizing concurrent schedulers for irregular algorithms

Scheduling is the assignment of tasks or activities to processors for execution, and it is an important concern in parallel programming. Most prior work on scheduling has focused either on static scheduling of applications in which the dependence graph is known at compile-time or on dynamic scheduling of independent loop iterations such as in OpenMP.In irregular algorithms, dependences between activities are complex functions of runtime values so these algorithms are not amenable to compile-time analysis nor do they consist of independent activities. Moreover, the amount of work can vary dramatically with the scheduling policy. To handle these complexities, implementations of irregular algorithms employ carefully handcrafted, algorithm-specific schedulers but these schedulers are themselves parallel programs, complicating the parallel programming problem further.In this paper, we present a flexible and efficient approach for specifying and synthesizing scheduling policies for irregular algorithms. We develop a simple compositional specification language and show how it can concisely encode scheduling policies in the literature. Then, we show how to synthesize efficient parallel schedulers from these specifications. We evaluate our approach for five irregular algorithms on three multicore architectures and show that (1) the performance of some algorithms can improve by orders of magnitude with the right scheduling policy, and (2) for the same policy, the overheads of our synthesized schedulers are comparable to those of fixed-function schedulers.
Can metric feedback training hinder actions involving distance

Objective: The present studies tested whether distance estimation training with metric feedback can degrade the performance of untrained primarily perceptual-motor tasks. Background: Training with metric feedback can improve distance estimations. However, previous research led to the conclusion that those improvements stemmed from changes in cognitive processing rather than in perception. If trainees applied their new cognitive strategies to primarily perceptual-motor tasks, then the performance of those tasks should degrade. The present studies tested that possibility. Method: Experiment 1 sought to replicate that training with metric feedback would improve metric distance estimations. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated whether such training would degrade the performance of a primarily perceptual-motor task. Experiment 4 investigated whether such training would affect a perceptual-motor task that required cognition. Results: Metric feedback improved metric distance estimation (Experiments 1—4) and throwing to a specified distance (Experiment 4). Metric feedback degraded throwing to a target (Experiments 2 and 3), although that effect was not evident when pretesting was omitted (Experiment 3). Conclusion: If distance estimation trainees apply what they learned from metric feedback to untrained primarily perceptual-motor tasks, then the performance of those tasks will suffer. However, if trainees apply what they learned to untrained tasks that require metric estimation, then the performance of those tasks will improve. Application: Distance estimation training with metric feedback may not generalize to other tasks and may even degrade performance on certain tasks. Future research must specify the conditions under which distance estimation training with metric feedback leads to performance improvements and decrements.
Improvement of autoregressive spectral estimates in the presence of noise

The autoregressive (maximum entropy, linear prediction) power spectral density estimator has been shown to possess excellent resolution properties. However, the addition of noise to the time series under analysis may drastically alter the spectral estimate. To reduce the effects of noise, an adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed that is directly applicable to sinusoidal signals in white noise. Its use for more general signals is discussed.
From discrete to continuous and back: Abstractions and mesoscopic phenomena in cells

We discuss the interplay between stochasticity and multistability in bio-molecular networks. The resulting cell-level stochastic behavior reflects the fundamentally discrete and random nature of the underlying molecular processes. These ideas are illustrated on the well studied example of the lac operon. We first describe the switching behavior predicted by a differential-equation based model and then show how cell-level stochastic behavior emerges. Finally we point out that the observed macroscopic behavior may not be enough to determine both the dynamic and stochastic parameters.
Configuring multiple scan chains for minimum test time

To reduce the high test time for serial scan designs, the use of multiple scan chains has been proposed. In this paper we consider the problem of optimally constructing multiple scan chains so as to minimize ovemll test time. Rather than follow the tmditional practice of using equal length chains, we allow the chains to be of different lengths, and show that this can lead to lower test times. The main idea in our approach is to assign those scan elements that are more frequently accessed to shorter scan chains. Given a design with N scan elements, and given that k scan chains are to be used for a pl in tests, we present an algorithm of complezity O(kN ) for configuring the chains such that the overall test application time is minimized. By analyzing a range of circuit topologies, we demonstrate test time reductions as large as 40% over equal length chain conjigurations. cyg
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELL-WALL PREPARATIONS FROM STRAINS OF VARIOUS FORM-GENERA OF AEROBIC ACTINOMYCETES.

Abstract Cell-wall preparations were made from more than 140 strains of aerobic actinomycetes representing most of the form-genera that have been proposed. All cell-wall preparations contained as major constituents glucosamine, muramic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid. In addition, cell-wall preparations from various types of streptomycetes and strains of Microellobosporia contained glycine and ll-α,e-diaminopimelic acid; those from strains of most Actinoplanaceae and micromonosporae contained glycine and meso-α-e-diaminopimelic acid; those from strains of Thermoactinomyces, Microbispora, Dermatophilus, and nocardiae of the madurae-pelletieri group contained meso-α,e-diaminopimelic acid; and those from strains of Thermomonospora, Micropolyspora, and most nocardiae contained meso-α,e-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose. All the strains used were also studied morphologically.
Assessing the iron delivery efficacy of transferrin in clinical samples by native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Serum transferrin is a key player in iron homeostasis, and its ability to deliver iron to cells via the endosomal pathway critically depends on the presence of carbonate that binds this protein synergistically with ferric ion. Oxalate is another ubiquitous anionic species that can act as a synergistic anion, and in fact its interaction with transferrin is notably stronger compared to carbonate, preventing the protein from releasing the metal in the endosomal environment. While this raises concerns that high oxalate levels in plasma may interfere with iron delivery to tissues, concentration of free oxalate in blood appears to be a poor predictor of impeded availability of iron, as previous studies showed that it cannot displace carbonate from ferro-transferrin on a physiologically relevant time scale under the conditions mimicing plasma. In this work we present a new method that allows different forms of ferro-transferrin (carbonate- vs. oxalate-bound) to be distinguished from each other by removing this protein from plasma without altering the composition of the protein/metal/synergistic anion complexes, and determining their accurate masses using native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The new method has been validated using a mixture of recombinant proteins, followed by its application to the analysis of clinical samples of human plasma, demonstrating that native ESI MS can be used in clinical analysis.
A Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns for Staphylococcus aureus in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds

Selective pressure from antimicrobial use, mutations, or acquisition of foreign resistance determinants mediate antimicrobial resistance. If antimicrobial use is the major selective pressure encouraging the development of resistance, then reduced use should result in decreased resistance. We compared antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from milk samples from 22 organic (nonantibiotic using) dairy herds to isolates from 16 conventional dairy herds. Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion, and zone diameters were recorded in millimeters for 144 isolates from organic farms and 117 isolates from conventional farms and were also classified as susceptible or not-susceptible (intermediate and resistant categories combined). Strength of association between high or low use and proportion susceptible was evaluated by Chi-square analysis and differences in mean zone diameter for isolates from organic farms versus isolates from conventional farms were compar...
Laboratory Evaluation of Fipronil and Imidacloprid Topical Insecticides for Control of the Plague Vector Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) on California Ground Squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Two insecticides, fipronil and imidacloprid, were evaluated for efficacy and longevity against Oropsylla montana (Baker), the most important vector of plague in California. Wild-caught California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson), were individually housed in the laboratory to serve as natural hosts to O. montana and for on-animal insecticide trials. Several concentrations oftechnical grade fipronil and imidacloprid in acetone were applied to samples of clean rodent bedding to determine residual activity and longevity against fleas. Immature and adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), were used as representative fleas for periodic assays in place of less fecund O. montana. Toxicity of treated bedding did not decrease significantly for 1 yr at all applied concentrations. Fipronil provided 100% kill for at least 1 yr at > or = 100 ppm, whereas imidacloprid required 10,000 ppm for similar performance. Laboratory squirrels were treated with topical formulations of fipronil (Frontline Top Spot) and imidacloprid (Advantage Flea Adulticide) at a dosage rate of 15 mg/kg and evaluated for residual activity every 2 wk against adult O. montana. Residual activity was determined by percent recovery of O. montana adults released on treated and untreated animals after 48 h. Frontline provided 100% kill of adult fleas for at least 10 wk, and up to 26 wk on one animal. Advantage failed to provide 100% kill of adult fleas at 2 wk, with complete loss of efficacy by week 6. Concurrent assays with bedding samples from squirrel nest boxes showed negligible toxicity transfer from treated animals to nest bedding.
Quasi-static and Dynamic Nanoindentation Testing of Lamellar and Inter-lamellar Trabecular Bone

Bone is a complex natural composite with a lamellar structure on the micro scale. In this study, scanning nanoindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of individual lamellar and inter-lamellar components of trabecular bone under static and dynamic loading conditions. The combination of careful sample preparation, good topographical characterization of the sample surface, and a scanning nanoindenter provided insight into the mechanical properties of the individual lamellar structures. The results of quasi-static, as well as dynamic nanoindentation tests of bone are reported and discussed. A surface roughness of only 18-20 nm RMS was achieved. Nonetheless, indentation depths in the range of 100 nm and above were required in order to minimize the effect of topography on the measurement. This requirement conflicts with the need to keep the probed volume small enough to sample only one component at a time. A simple volume-averaging model was developed and used as a tool to determine when individual lamellar bone structures were being probed and to help determine the properties of the lamellar and inter-lamellar materials.
Molecular Perspective on Diazonium Adsorption for Controllable Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using diazonium salts allows modification of their optical and electronic properties for a variety of applications, ranging from drug-delivery vehicles to molecular sensors. However, control of the functionalization process remains a challenge, requiring molecular-level understanding of the adsorption of diazonium ions onto heterogeneous, charge-mobile SWCNT surfaces, which are typically decorated with surfactants. In this paper, we combine molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, experiments, and equilibrium reaction modeling to understand and model the extent of diazonium functionalization of SWCNTs coated with various surfactants (sodium cholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide). We show that the free energy of diazonium adsorption, determined using simulations, can be used to rank surfactants in terms of the extent of functionalization attained following their adsorption on the nanotube surface. The difference in bind...
Cardiac Myosin Essential Light Chain N-Terminus Regulates Motor Step-Size

Slow ventricular cardiac myosin (βmys) has three distinct unitary step-sizes, nominally 3, 5, and 8 nm, that move actin with varying step-frequencies. Ventricular cardiac myosin essential light chain (vELC) has a 43 residue N-terminal extension that binds actin. The basis for the three unitary steps in cardiac myosin was proposed to involve actin binding of the vELC extension wherein the predominant 5 nm step does not engage the actin/vELC linkage, the slightly less likely 8 nm step engages actin/vELC linkage facilitating an extra ∼19 degrees of lever-arm rotation, and the minor 3 nm step is the unlikely conversion of the 5 nm step to the full actin/vELC bound 8 nm step. The hypothesis was tested using several cardiac myosin constructs including a 17 residue N-terminal truncated vELC in porcine mys (Δ17) and a 43 residue N-terminal truncated human vELC expressed in transgenic mouse heart (Δ43). Mouse myosin heavy chain is the fast isoform (αmys). Cardiac myosin step-size and relative step-frequency were measured using a high throughput Qdot super-resolution in vitro motility assay. Δ17 showed a significant increase to the 5 nm step-frequency and coincident reduction to the 3 and 8 nm step-frequencies implying a reduction in probability for forming vELC/actin linkage. Nontransgenic (NTg) and human vELC expressed αmys in transgenic mouse heart had three unitary step-sizes like those in βmys although step-frequencies in NTg were redistributed to favor the 8 nm step. Δ43 showed a significant increase to the 5 nm step-frequency and a significant reduction to the combined 3 and 8 nm step-frequency again indicating lower overall probability for forming vELC/actin linkage. Data strongly supports the hypothesis that the vELC extension is the basis for three step-sizes in cardiac myosin. Supported by NIH grants R01AR049277, R01HL095572, and R01HL108343.
The BIG (brain injury guidelines) project: Defining the management of traumatic brain injury by acute care surgeons

BACKGROUNDIt is becoming a standard practice that any “positive” identification of a radiographic intracranial injury requires transfer of the patient to a trauma center for observation and repeat head computed tomography (RHCT). The purpose of this study was to define guidelines—based on each patie
Metaknowledge Templates for On-the-Fly Clustering of Big Data Streams

This poster paper proposes a novel processing technique to optimize on-the-fly clusterization of disorganized and unclassified Big data from a vast number of sources. The technique is based on the fuzzy logic using fault-tolerant indexing with error-correction codes. This research aims to introduce a processing template for this demanding "Big Data" processing methodology -- clustering of amorphous data items in data stream mode. As researchers, we are currently investigating a novel approach for the development of meta-language templates in the form of 23-bit questions. The presented approach is based on the previously developed construction of FuzzyFind Dictionary utilizing the error-correcting Golay Code. Realization of this technique requires processing of intensive continuous data streams, which can be effectively implemented using multi-core pipelining with forced interrupts. The objective of this research is to bring forward a new novel simple and efficient tool for one of the most demanding operations of this "Big Data" clusterization of amorphous data from diverse sources.
Studies on the functional significance of rat liver phenylalanine:pyruvate aminotransferase.

SummaryGlucagon treatment for 10 days induced rat liver phenylalanine:pyruvate amino-transferase approximately eightfold but did not result in increased urinary phenylpyruvate excretion by rats administered a phenylalanine load after they had been injected with an amount of glucagon sufficient to induce the enzyme substantially. In fact, an inverse correlation was observed between phenylpyruvate excretion and aminotransferase activity. Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase was not induced in rats treated for 10 days with glucagon. It is suggested that hepatic phenylalanhe:pyruvate aminotransferase does not function as such in vivo.
ATNT-09BEVACIZUMAB FOR METASTATIC DURAL AND ORBITAL ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor originating from the olfactory neuroepithelium. Bevacizumab is a specific inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor ligand, preventing its interaction with receptors on endothelial cells. We report two cases of metastatic dural esthesioneuroblastoma that responded to bevacizumab. Patient 1, a 45 year-old man, had been treated initially for local disease with resection and radiation therapy (RT); for submandibular recurrence with radical neck dissection, RT, and cis-platinum plus etoposide; and subsequently for leptomeningeal disease with temozolomide plus sunitinib. He had an enlarging right orbital mass with progressive dural and leptomeningeal involvement. Patient 2, a 66 year-old woman, had been treated initially for local disease with craniotomy, RT, and cis-platinum; then for local recurrence with both regional and stereotactic RT. She developed enlarging orbital, dural and scalp masses. Both patients were treated with bevacizumab, 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Patient 1 achieved a partial response, with reduction in dural contrast enhancement, tumor cyst volumes, and perilesional edema, along with improvement in left leg weakness and right ptosis. His tumors progressed on imaging after 260 days of therapy. He died after 602 days of bevacizumab despite the addition of lomustine. Patient 2 achieved stable disease for 457 days but died of respiratory complications after developing a cerebrospinal fluid leak, without tumor progression. These patients with metastatic orbital and dural esthesioneuroblastoma achieved durable responses with bevacizumab therapy. Anti-angiogenic strategies may play a role in salvage therapy for this tumor.
Influential factors of missing of patients with MMT in Urumchi

Objective:To explore the factors associated with retention or missing of methadonemaintenance treatment(MMT) among herorin users.Methods:From January 1,2011 to December 30,2011,30 drug users and 50 residents who had good compliance were observed in a MMT community.The in-depth or open-ended interview were used to collect information about factors related to retention or drop-out of methadone maintenance treatment(MMT).Results:The main reasons of drop-out were frequent population movement,crime activities,furtive drug use and migrant work.The secondly was less income.However,the factors contributed to retention Includeding effective treatment,better family and social support.In addition,positive and active intervention of the medical workers was an important factor for maintaining higher rate.Conclusion:Good efficacy of methadone treatment,family and social care and support are important factors for MMT among heroin users.The organic integration of drug and AIDS prevention,community drug treatment and community rehabilitation measures can reduce drop-out rate.
Detection on Measles IGg Antibody in Children of Neijiang City

Objective To investigate IgG antibody levels of measles among 6-14 years old children in Neijiang city.Methods With cluster sampling method,a total of 25,659 blood samples of 6-14 years old children were collected and measles IgG antibody levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The overall positive rate of measles virus IgG antibody was 90.63%,with the highest rate of 93.92% in 6 years old group and the lowest rate of 89.14% in 12 years old.The positive rate in primary schoolchildren was higher than that in middle schoolchildren(P0.01);the positive rate in urban area was higher than that in rural areas(P0.01);positive rate in those with 3 times of immunization was higher than in those with twice or once immunization.After reseeding,positive conversion rate of measles virus IgG antibody surpassed 99%.Conclusion The positive rate of measles IGg antibody in children of Neijiang stays at a comparatively high level.
The Ritualization of Violence in The Magic Toyshop

This dissertation will explore the way Philip treats puppets and masks as pseudo-sacred objects in order to maintain control in Angela Carter’s work The Magic Toyshop. To show the implications of the pseudo-sacred, I will use Violence and the Sacred by Rene Girard that examines the way primitive cultures are able to maintain order through particular religious beliefs and collective violence against a scapegoat. My critical reading of the text will look closely at how Philip uses the pseudo-sacred to build up the community. When the pseudo-sacred is finally called into question the community is threatened. Although Philip attempts to deflect blame onto the scapegoat Melanie, he fails as there is no social buy-in, leading to the destruction of the community. While the house is burned down destroying the puppets and masks, presumably along with Philip, the pseudo-sacred still has the chance of being perpetuated through Finn’s own obsession with power and control.
Gas Lift Optimization: Using Least Square Method and Solver

In this study a model was developed using least square method. This model was tested for reliability and it was found to be reliable for prediction. We now use this model for optimization of oil production.The following reports was obtained after optimization.Answer report: Oil produced original value was 3471,251,263.00STB/Dayand the final value was 1347,252, 519.25STB/Day.Sensitivity Report: Allowable increase in liquid injected was 32.19893491bbl/day and Allowable decrease in liquid injected was 0.591566837bbl/day. Also allowable increase in water cut was 1E+30bbl and allowable decrease in water cut was 96.59680522bbl/day.Limit Report: liquid injected lower limit -1.03228E-10bbl and target result was not available and. The water cut target was 0. 1347252519bbl.It is evident that a real optimization model that can optimize oil production for different amount of liquid injected and water cut has been developed. Such a model can provide the oil industries in the Country important information about the sensitivity of the optimal solution.Keywords: Model,optimization,Limits,Sensitivity,Production
Breast Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans: A Systematic Review

Cancer is the leading cause of death for Korean Americans (KAs). Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring cancer among KA women, and its rate has been rapidly increasing. Low BC screening rates for KAs puts them at greater risk for late-stage breast cancer. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on cancer screening among KAs, and identified 38 eligible studies. Despite significant increases in mammogram utilization over the past two decades, KAs have consistently lower rates of mammogram screening than other American populations. KA women also report lower rates of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination. Screening rates are higher among adults with higher socioeconomic status, greater acculturation to the United States, more cancer knowledge, higher perceived susceptibility to BC, more social support, and better access to health services. However, fear of finding something wrong, fear of embarrassment or lack of modesty, not knowing where to go for screening, believing that mammography is only necessary when symptoms are present, and perceived time and cost difficulties in accessing mammography were reported as barriers to mammogram screening. Coordinated efforts from clinicians, public health workers, KA cultural and religious organizations, and the broader breast cancer advocacy and awareness community are necessary for improving BC screening among KAs.
Chromatin Starts to Come Clean

In an effort to identify a chromatin-associated pluripotent network, Rafiee et al., (2016) developed a powerful ChIP-MS technique and discovered a novel protein, TRIM24, enriched on OCT4-, SOX2-, and NANOG-associated chromatin, paving the way for future proteomic studies on chromatin.
Dynamics of typical Baire-1 functions

Abstract Let M be the Cantor space or an n-manifold with B 1 ( M , M ) the set of Baire-1 self-maps of M. We prove the following: 1. For the typical f ∈ B 1 ( M , M ) , the maps x ⟼ ω ( x , f ) and x ⟼ τ ( x , f ) taking x to its ω-limit set and trajectory, respectively, are continuous at a typical point x ∈ M . 2. If s > 0 , then for the typical ( x , f ) ∈ M × B 1 ( M , M ) , the Hausdorff s-dimensional measure of ω ( x , f ) is zero. 3. If G 1 is a residual subset of M, then there is a residual set of points G 2 ⊂ M × B 1 ( M , M ) all of which generate as their ω-limit set a particular, unique type of adding machine, and if ( x , f ) ∈ G 2 , then ω ( x , f ) ⊂ G 1 .
Tough GC beats transgene silencing.

Solid genetic and genomic data now reveal that high guanine–cytosine content can prevent transgenes from RNA silencing, and enhance expression and transgenerational stability.
Rainfall variability, wetland persistence, and water-carbon cycle coupling in the Upper Zambezi River Basin in Southern Africa.

The Upper Zambezi River Basin (UZRB) delineates a complex region of topographic, soil and rainfall gradients between the Congo rainforest and the Kalahari Desert. Satellite imagery shows permanent wetlands in low-lying convergence zones where surface–groundwater interactions are vigorous. A dynamic wetland classification based on MODIS Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance is developed to capture the inter-annual and seasonal changes in areal extent due to groundwater redistribution and rainfall variability. Simulations of the coupled water–carbon cycles of seasonal wetlands show nearly double rates of carbon uptake as compared to dry areas, at increasingly lower water-use efficiencies as the dry season progresses. Thus, wetland extent and persistence into the dry season is key to the UZRB’s carbon sink and water budget. Whereas groundwater recharge governs the expansion of wetlands in the rainy season under large-scale forcing, wetland persistence in April–June (wet–dry transition months) is tied to daily morning fog and clouds, and by afternoon land–atmosphere interactions (isolated convection). Rainfall suppression in July–September results from colder temperatures, weaker regional circulations, and reduced instability in the lower troposphere, shutting off moisture recycling in the dry season despite high evapotranspiration rates. The co-organization of precipitation and wetlands reflects land–atmosphere interactions that determine wetland seasonal persistence, and the coupled water and carbon cycles.
Z Probe, an Efficient Tool for Characterizing Long Non-Coding RNA in FFPE Tissues

Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues are a valuable resource for biomarker discovery in order to understand the etiology of different cancers and many other diseases. Proteins are the biomarkers of interest with respect to FFPE tissues as RNA degradation is the major challenge in these tissue samples. Recently, non-protein coding transcripts, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have gained significant attention due to their important biological actions and potential involvement in cancer. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) are the only validated methods to evaluate and study lncRNA expression and neither of them provides visual representation as immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides for proteins. We have standardized and are reporting a sensitive Z probe based in situ hybridization method to visually identify and quantify lncRNA in FFPE tissues. This assay is highly sensitive and identifies transcripts visible within different cell types and tumors. We have detected a scarcely expressed tumor suppressor lncRNA NRON (non-coding repressor of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)), a moderately expressed oncogenic lncRNA UCA1 (urothelial cancer associated 1), and a highly studied and expressed lncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) in different cancers. High MALAT1 staining was found in colorectal, breast and pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we have observed an increase in MALAT1 expression in different stages of colorectal cancer.
Collection Development for Theological Education

Students in graduate theological programs working toward ordination and a career in ministry in the Christian church require library collections that support their study of scripture, doctrine, ancient languages, and Biblical history and interpretation, as well as the practice of pastoral ministry, leadership,and administration. This chapter will discuss how to build collections at theological libraries measured against standards set by the Association of Theological Schools, the accrediting organization for theological schools in Canada and the United States; the importance of print and online reference works such as language dictionaries, atlases, and encyclopedias in theological library collections; indexes and databases for theological studies; important journals; the different categories of theological monographs; collection development policies; special collections in theological libraries; dealing with gifts and donors; and professional development resources for theological librarians.
Tree Stands, Not Guns, are the Midwestern Hunter's Most Dangerous Weapon:

Although the prevailing stereotype is that most hunting injuries are gunshot wounds inflicted by intoxicated hunting buddies, our experience led us to hypothesize that falls comprise a significant proportion of hunting related injuries. Trauma databases of two Level I trauma centers in central Ohio were queried for all hunting related injuries during a 10-year period. One hundred and thirty patients were identified (90% male, mean age 41.0 years, range 17-76). Fifty per cent of injuries resulted from falls, whereas gunshot wounds accounted for 29 per cent. Most hunters were hunting deer and 92 per cent of falls were from tree stands. Alcohol was involved in only 2.3 per cent, and drugs of abuse in 4.6 per cent. Of gunshots, 58 per cent were self-inflicted, and 42 per cent were shot by another hunter. Tree stand falls were highly morbid, with 59 per cent of fall victims suffering spinal fractures, 47 per cent lower extremity fractures, 18 per cent upper extremity fractures, and 18 per cent closed head injuries. Surgery was required for 81 per cent of fall-related injuries, and 8.2 per cent of fall victims had permanent neurological deficits. In contrast to prevailing beliefs, in our geographic area tree-stand falls are the most common mechanism of hunting related injury requiring admission to a Level 1 trauma center.
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infaction Alert During the Night Shift, A Misfortune for the Patient or an Overstatement?

Background: Conflicting data exist regarding the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) based on intervention timings. It is believed that short staffing at night hours may lead to a lapse in the delivery of effective, efficient and timely medical intervention. Methods: A retrospective single-center study was performed, and a total of 436 patients were randomized into two groups. Group A had 279 patients who had the heart catheterization done during the daytime (between 6 am and 6 pm), while group B had 157 patients who had the same intervention performed at night (between 6 pm and 6 am). Results: Door to balloon (DTB) time during the day was about 16 min shorter than the DTB time at night (81.29 Â± 3.26 vs. 97.30 Â± 8.54) with no statistical difference (P = 0.051). The mean troponin rise during the day was 1.94 Â± 10.60 SEM (95% confidence interval (CI): -22.70 to 18.90) higher than night troponin levels (71.75 Â± 7.18 vs. 69.80 Â± 7.18), but P value was 0.85. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) fall for daytime was 0.93% vs. 0.90% for night time patients (P = 0.94). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the mean DTB time, the rise in troponin, fall in LVEF, readmission rates, or mortality, and hence no negative effects on patient outcomes based on the patientâ€™s time of presentation between the two groups. Cardiol Res. 2019;10(3):150-156 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr862
A Practical Mathematic Method to Predict and Manage Hypocalcemia After Parathyroidectomy and Thyroidectomy.

Objective:Prediction and early intervention for hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy can decrease hospital cost and prevent severe hypocalcemia-related complications. Th...
Gradient Polarity Solvent Wash for Separation and Analysis of Electrolyte Decomposition Products on Electrode Surfaces

Author(s): Fang, C; Liu, Z; Lau, J; Elzouka, M; Zhang, G; Khomein, P; Lubner, S; Ross, PN; Liu, G | Abstract: The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed during the cycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by decomposition of electrolyte molecules has key impact on device performance. However, the detailed decomposition process and distribution of products remain a mystery due to the wide variety of electrochemical pathways and the lack of facile analytical methods for chemical characterization of SEIs. In this report, a gradient polarity solvent wash technique involving the use of solvents with gradually increased polarities is employed to sequentially remove different SEI components from electrode surfaces. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is utilized to characterize the SEI composition. The impacts of electrolyte additives and discharge rates over SEI formation are illustrated. This study presents a new concept of rationally controlled solvent wash technique for electrode surface analysis that can selectively remove targeted components. The findings in this study provide experimental support for the slow charge formation processes commonly employed for LIBs in industry.
Detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-neutralizing antibody using high-throughput imaging cytometry.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an emerging porcine coronavirus that causes a tremendous economic burden on the swine industry. The assessment of PEDV-neutralizing antibody levels provides a valuable tool to assess and predict herd immunity. We evaluated the performance of a PEDV imaging cytometry-based high-throughput neutralization test (HTNT) and compared the HTNT to a fluorescent focus neutralization (FFN) assay using serum samples from pigs of known PEDV infection status (n = 159). Estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for HTNT and FFN assays derived from receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that both PEDV FFN and HTNT provided excellent diagnostic performance. However, in the laboratory, imaging cytometry provided an objective and semi-automated approach that removed human subjectivity from the testing process and reduced the read-time of a 96-well plate to < 4 min. In addition, imaging cytometry facilitated the rapid collection and long-term storage of test images and data for further evaluation or client consultation. For PEDV and other pathogens, imaging cytometry could provide distinct advantages over classic virus neutralization or FFN assays for the detection and quantitation of neutralizing antibody.
WHY DO U.S. PARENTS PREFER PRIVATE TO FOSTER CARE ADOPTIONS? THE ROLE OF ADOPTION SUBSIDIES, GENDER, RACE, AND SPECIAL NEEDS

We analyze the demand behavior of adoptive parents in the U.S.A. For the theory, we apply vertical product differentiation to characterize the demand for domestic private, foster care and international adoptions. Then, we use the 2007 U.S. National Survey of Adoptive Parents and apply the control‐function approach to a mixed logit model. We find interesting insights into the relationship between adoption choices and an adoptive parent's preferences over gender, race, and special needs. The government needs to pay an additional $735 ($506) a month to make a parent feel indifferent between international (domestic private) and foster care adoptions. (JEL O12, D10, L13)
Microalgae as a source of sustainable biofuels

Abstract Microalgae have been studied by several areas of knowledge for application as a biofuels source. Studies have been developed mainly related to culture conditions, nutritional sources, large-scale photobioreactors, harvesting, and downstream. In addition, microalgal biofuel production techniques have their singularities comparing to conventional sources due to microorganism cell morphology. Steps to improve and increase the yield of biocomposites extraction have also been explored. Microalgae can be considered a more sustainable biofuel sources and environmental friendly compared to traditional ones, mainly because it uses nonagricultural land and small amounts of water. Moreover, microalgae can make even more feasible to obtain biofuel from other sources by treating wastes from its production and linked to a biorefinery process. In this way, the chapter aims to address the main advances in the context of microalgal cultivation for biofuels production, the sustainability linked to this process by making a consideration of economic and energy prospects.
Continuum Robots for Manipulation Applications: A Survey

This paper presents a literature survey documenting the evolution of continuum robots over the past two decades (1999–present). Attention is paid to bioinspired soft robots with respect to the following three design parameters: structure, materials, and actuation. Using this three-faced prism, we identify the uniqueness and novelty of robots that have hitherto not been publicly disclosed. The motivation for this study comes from the fact that continuum soft robots can make inroads in industrial manufacturing, and their adoption will be accelerated if their key advantages over counterparts with rigid links are clear. Four different taxonomies of continuum robots are included in this study, enabling researchers to quickly identify robots of relevance to their studies. The kinematics and dynamics of these robots are not covered, nor is their application in surgical manipulation.
A wormlike chain model of forced desorption of a polymer adsorbed on an attractive wall

Forced desorption of a semiflexible polymer chain on a solid substrate is theoretically investigated. The pulling force versus displacement is studied for varying adsorption energy ? and persistence length P. It is found that the relationships between pulling force and cantilever displacement show a series of characteristic force spikes at different persistence lengths P. These force spikes become more pronounced but the average magnitude of this force decreases as P grows. Our results are of relevance to the forced desorption of DNA on an attractive wall in single-molecule pulling experiments.
Role of defects in the metal-insulator transition in VO 2 and V 2 O 3

The vanadates ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are prototypical examples of strongly correlated materials that exhibit a metal-insulator transition. While the phase transitions in these materials have been studied extensively, there is a limited understanding of how the properties of these materials are affected by the presence of defects and doping. In this study we investigate the impact of native point defects in the form of Frenkel defects on the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, using first-principles calculations. In ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ the vanadium Frenkel pairs lead to a nontrivial insulating state. The unpaired vanadium interstitial bonds to a single dimer, which leads to a trimer that has one singlet state and one localized single-electron $S=1/2$ state. The unpaired broken dimer created by the vanadium vacancy also has a localized $S=1/2$ state. Thus, the insulating state is created by the singlet dimers, the trimer, and the two localized $S=1/2$ states. Oxygen Frenkel pairs, on the other hand, lead to a metallic state in ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$, but are expected to be present in much lower concentrations. In contrast, the Frenkel defects in ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ do not directly suppress the insulating character of the material. However, the disorder created by defects in ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ alters the local magnetic moments and in turn reduces the energy cost of a transition between the insulating and conducting phases of the material. We also find self-trapped small polarons in ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, which has implications for transport properties in the insulating phase.