cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of transmittance measurement of inspection machine for semitransparent defect and its detectability

As the wafer design rule is getting smaller, the size and transmittance of the defect on the reticle, especially for the semi-transparent defect, is one of the important factors to be controlled in mask shop. In order to minimize controversy for the accuracy of size and transmittance measurement, we need to define the detection and measurement ability of each inspection machine for the half-tone defect. In this work, we make semi-transparent defects with FIB repair tool, SEIKO, and treat this plate with NaOH. We first investigate the delectability of each inspection machine for the semi-transparent defects according to the size and transmittance increase and accuracy of size measuring tool supported in each inspection machine, KLA, lasertec and ORBOT. We verify the measurement result with CD SEM for the size and AIMS for the transmittance.
Unexpected Sophistication and Complexity of Chemomechanical Control Linkages in Nucleic Acid Motor

Ring-shaped, oligomeric ATPases are essential for a variety of cellular processes ranging from protein and nucleic acid metabolism to organelle transport. A subset of these motor proteins, the hexameric helicases, couple the binding and hydrolysis of ATP to the physical manipulation of nucleic acids to support essential cellular processes such as gene regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. How nucleotide turnover is coordinated between six independent motor subunits to generate helicase movement has been a long-standing question in the field. The topological problem of how extended nucleic substrates are loaded into the central pore of a closed hexameric toroid is similarly not well-understood.Using the 300 kDa E. coli Rho protein as a model hexameric RNA/DNA helicase, we have examined these issues through a combined structural and biochemical approach. Models derived from high-resolution crystallographic and solution X-ray scattering data explain in molecular detail how the Rho ring opens and closes in response to substrate binding, how the ATP cycle is coordinated with RNA movement through the motor interior, and why certain helicase families translocate with a preferred directional polarity. We find an unexpectedly rich array of physical connectors that sense the RNA binding status of individual subunits in the motor, and that appear to couple these states to the timing of ATP hydrolysis in a manner that is responsive to the base sequence of the substrate. These studies highlight the physical complexity of hexameric helicases, and suggest that related motor proteins utilize similarly intricate chemomechanical linkage mechanisms.
TH-A-103-01: Investigation of Factors Affecting the Accuracy of a Dual Energy Quantitative CT Method for Estimating Regional Bone Marrow Cellularity

Purpose: To evaluate a 3‐equation 3‐unknown Dual Energy Quantitative CT technique for determining region specific variations in bone marrow cellularity for improved red marrow dose estimation in radionuclide therapy. Methods: The DEQCT method was applied to 80/140kVp images of patient simulating lumbar phantoms of three different sizes (small, medium, large). External calibration rods of bone, marrow and fat simulating material were placed beneath the phantoms. Similar internal calibration inserts were placed at a vertebral location within the phantoms. Six test inserts of known volume fractions of bone, fat and red marrow (Red marrow range:0.15–0.74) were also scanned. External to internal calibration correction factors were derived. The effects of phantom size, slice thickness, dose, spongiosa region segmentation(1,4(2×2),9(3×3)) and calibration method on the accuracy of the calculated red marrow volume fractions (cellularity) were evaluated. The method was also applied to six patients. Results: For both the small and medium sized phantoms using internal calibration, RMS errors(RMSEs) in the estimated volume fractions of red marrow were 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 for partitioning of a 23.4mmx23.4mm ROI into 1 region, 4 regions and 9 regions, respectively. Corresponding results for a large sized body phantom were significantly poorer (0.06,0.09,0.10). Reducing slice thickness to 2.5mm(vs. 5mm) increased RMSEs of the marrow volume fractions by 0.01 to 0.06. Similar increases in RMSEs were obtained for reduction in dose(mAs). Results for external calibrations exhibited large errors that were reduced to those of internal calibration by application of external to internal correction factors. Application of these factors to the 6 patient lumbar vertebrae yielded cellularity values that differed by 29% on average from biopsy values at the iliac crest, potentially due to regional variability. Conclusion: Phantom studies were promising, but show poorer results for large bodies, thinner slices, lower doses and smaller sub‐regions. Future validation studies in human cadaver vertebrae are needed. National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Grant 2RO1 EB001994
Composition comparison between Comets P/Halley and P/Brorsen-Metcalf

Abstract Comet P/Brorsen-Metcalf was observed at heliocentric and geocentric distances very similar to those of Comet P/Halley. Notable differences in both absolute production rates and relative composition were found. Production rate ratios were derived without recourse to a model, thus minimizing model-dependent uncertainties. It was found that the active sun produces 1.23 times more OI 6300-A flux than the quiet sun for equal H 2 O production rates. Taking this effect into account, the water production rate of Comet P/Brorsen-Metcalf was about 15% that of P/Halley, for the same heliocentric distance. Even more severe was the depletion in the continuum flux, which was a factor of 20 weaker for P/Brorsen-Metcalf than for P/Halley, when both were compared with their respective H 2 O production rates. The relative abundances of NH 2 , C 2 and CN, again compared with H 2 O, were about 41, 75, and 70% that of Comet P/Halley. Both the C 2 and CN abundances did not increase as quickly with decreasing heliocentric distances as for P/Halley, which is probably linked to their partial origin from the dust which was so much weaker for P/Brorsen-Metcalf.
Shop Class as Soulcraft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work (Crawford, M.; 2009) [Book Reviews]

The author is a philosopher/motorcycle mechanic who has applied his academic skills to describe his life?s passion. Growing up, Crawford worked in a car shop and as an apprentice electrician, developing a fondness for working with his hands. When his Ph.D in political philosophy steered him toward a job he hated at a ?think-tank,? he returned to the trades and now owns and operates an independent motorcycle repair shop. The author's main premise is that ?work is meaningful because it is genuinely useful? Rather than developing vague notions of self-esteem from peer interactions, physical labor provides a strong sense of accomplishment. Crawford also argues that ?teamwork has made it diffi cult to trace individual responsibilities." By moving away from the apprentice/master model, individuals develop less of a sense of their own personal worth. While Crawford makes a strong point that it is unfair for workers and bad for society to devalue skilled manual labor, his argument is undercut by his reverence for the blatantly anti-woman aspects of these workplaces. The trades need to recognize that the low representation of women is a problem for both women and men. If the trades want to bolster their numbers and foster a positive community, they need to appeal to women.
Synthesis and Characterization of a SIRT6 Open Tubular Column: Predicting Deacetylation Activity using Frontal Chromatography

SIRT6 is a histone deacetylase that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders and the prevention of age-associated diseases. Thus the identification of compounds that modulate SIRT6 activity could be of great therapeutic importance. We have previously reported on the identification of quercetin and vitexin as SIRT6 inhibitors, using SIRT6-coated magnetic beads. In this study, we have immobilized SIRT6 onto the surface of an open tubular capillary and characterized the quercetin binding site using frontal displacement chromatography. Structurally related flavonoids were tested for their activity on SIRT6, including apigenin, naringenin, luteolin, and kaempferol. In addition to obtaining their binding activity using frontal affinity chromatographic techniques, we also ranked the compounds based on their ability to displace quercetin. The data suggest that a single displacement curve is representative of the enzymatic activity of the tested ligand. In addition, using the inhibition data obtained in this study, we developed a preliminary pharmacophore model that confirmed the experimental data.
Effect of 2,5-Hexanedione on lipid biosynthesis in sciatic nerve and brain of the rat.

Abstract Distal axonopathy induced by n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone has been attributed to a common metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione. Since altered lipid metabolism is frequently associated with neuropathy, the effects of 2,5-hexanedione on lipid biosynthesis from [1-14C]acetate in sciatic nerve and brain of rats given 1% 2,5-hexanedione in drinking water have been studied, in vitro. Clinical signs of neuropathy appeared after 6 weeks. Loss of body weight induced by 2,5-hexanedione was similar to that observed in pair-fed control rats. Compared to nerves from pair-fed controls, nerves from rats fed 2,5-hexanedione exhibited decreased incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into triacylglycerols (32%), total sterols + diacylglycerols (54%), digitonin-precipitable sterols (55%), squalene (55%), and ubiquinone (43%). Incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into phospholipids, fatty acids, and cholesteryl esters was similar in nerves of 2,5-hexanedione-treated rats and pair-fed controls. In brain, incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into lipids was similar in 2,5-hexanedione-treated and pair-fed control rats, except into the fatty acid fraction which was significantly decreased by 11%. The data support the hypothesis that lipid metabolism, in particular sterol metabolism, is altered in hexacarbon-induced distal axonopathy.
Quaternary Geology Reviewed

I find an error of fact in my book review, "Quaternary Geology Reviewed" (1 Oct., p. 49, paragraph 4, column 3). The review states that ". . . Pleistocene mollusks along the arctic coast of Alaska have Atlantic rather than Pacific Ocean affinities, suggesting that the bridge existed during much or all of Pleistocene time. . . ." The mollusks referred to are late Tertiary, not Pleistocene. Pleistocene mollusks with Pacific Ocean affinities are known along the coast of Alaska north of Bering Strait. Hopkins, who has reported most fully on the geologic history of the land bridge [Science 129, 1519 (1959)], referred to these occurrences. From this and other evidence he concluded that seaways connected the Arctic and Pacific Oceans during the interglaciations, that the bridge existed during the glaciations, and that its climate then was severely arctic. The point of the paragraph remains unchanged; a glacial maximum is hardly a favorable time for migrations practically at the Arctic Circle.
Conclusion: Theoretical Convergencies and Empirical Evidence in the Study of Immigrant Transnationalism

Conclusions to books or journal issues commonly seek to summarize the preceding articles or chapters and offer some general guidelines about the relevant subject matter. This is a demanding but fea...
Performing Boredom in Effi Briest: On the Effects of Narrative Speed

Effi Briest is a "boring" book. This is not the kind of critical judgment one normally makes, and for two reasons. First, "boring" comes across as negative and banal, and academic criticism's task is generally not to disparage its object but rather to unfold that object's complexity. Second, and more important, it is an emotionally laden appraisal that ventures away from the work itself and into the realm of affective response. For both these reasons, declaring a work boring is bad critical form. But what if one could develop a concept of boredom that is both positive and based on textual evidence? What if one could show that boredom is pre cisely the point of a book like Effi Briest? Boredom, in this sense, would denote not a narrative defect but a narrative strategy; it would become an object of interest. In what follows, I attempt to locate just this notion of boredom in Effi Briest, one based on Langeweile, the German equivalent of boredom. Langeweile literally means a "long while," and it describes a particular rela tionship to time in which time seems to stretch and drag on. This specific sense of boredom permeates all levels of Effi Briest. My argument for the centrality of boredom in Fontane's novel has three stages. First, it expounds in more detail this specifically German sense of boredom and shows how Effi suffers not only from a lack of distraction but also and primarily from a time that has grown long. Second, it treats the per formative dimension of boredom in the novel. By analyzing the relationship of narrative time to narrated time, it demonstrates how the novel effects the very boredom that it describes in its eponymous heroine. While the novel casts boredom as a problem of time becoming long, it also calibrates the act of narration such that the time of reading becomes longer when Effi is bored. Finally, on the basis of these findings, I return to the frequently discussed gaps, or lacunae, in Fontane's narrative style. Scholars have noted that the novel never describes its most important events directly. It prefers merely to hint at the intimate affair that remains obscure until Innstetten discovers the com promising letters. These gaps and ambiguities have often been studied as interesting aberrations within a novelistic practice that is supposedly realis tic. Only once their function is located within a narrative calculus of boredom,
Democratization and Peace in Africa

The paper examines three interrelated issues: 1) The nature and dynamics of the Western-led "crusade for democratization in Africa;" 2) the obstacles to democratization and peace; and 3) the prospects for democratization and peace. The major finding is that because the Western-led crusade emphasizes political procedures, and neglects the centrality of "bread and butter issues," it will not facilitate democratization and peace.
Thyroid hormone requirement for retinoic acid induction of mouse mammary tumor virus expression.

Abstract In normal mouse mammary epithelium, insulin, cortisol, and prolactin are absolute requirements for mouse mammary tumor virus expression. Retinoic acid further increased mouse mammary tumor virus expression two- to threefold but only when triiodothyronine was also present; neither retinoic acid nor triiodothyronine alone had any effect.
Morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of desmoid-type fibromatosis after radiation therapy

The morphologic changes seen in desmoid-type fibromatosis after radiotherapy have not been well studied, and the degree of cytologic atypia, cellularity, mitotic activity, and lesional necrosis found in desmoid-type fibromatosis treated with ionizing radiation has not been thoroughly assessed. Therefore, we evaluated a series of primary and locally recurrent desmoid-type fibromatoses resected at variable intervals after radiation therapy (XRT) and compared their histopathologic and immunophenotypic features with paired pathologic specimens that were obtained before radiotherapy. The morphologic characteristics of desmoid-type fibromatoses resected before and after radiotherapy were not significantly different in 7 of the 8 cases studied. One case resected 191 months after XRT showed morphologic evidence of fibrosarcomatous transformation, with zonal necrosis, hypercellularity, severe nuclear atypia, and increased mitotic activity. No significant differences in the immunophenotype of desmoid-type fibromatosis were observed after XRT. In rare cases of recurrent desmoid-type fibromatosis, the differential diagnosis may include radiation-induced fibrosarcoma. Our data suggest that histomorphologic alterations attributable to the effects of ionizing radiation in desmoid-type fibromatosis are minimal. Therefore, the presence of cytologic features of malignancy in this setting warrants careful examination and consideration of the rare occurrence of postradiation sarcoma. Lesser degrees of nuclear atypia seen in isolation do not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis in irradiated desmoid-type fibromatosis.
Semi-strong dynamic style analysis with time-varying selectivity measurement: Applications to Brazilian exchange-rate funds

This paper deals with restricted linear state space models for dynamic style analysis with time-varying selectivity measurement. Implementation and interpretation of the models are pertinently discussed. Empirical contributions lie on the understanding of how managers of Brazilian US Dollar-Real exchange-rate funds behaved along 2001 and 2002, a period of some political turbulence especially due to the 2002 Brazilian presidential election. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In search of mitochondrial mechanisms: interfield excursions between cell biology and biochemistry.

Developing models of biological mechanisms, such as those involved in respiration in cells, often requires collaborative effort drawing upon techniques developed and information generated in different disciplines. Biochemists in the early decades of the 20th century uncovered all but the most elusive chemical operations involved in cellular respiration, but were unable to align the reaction pathways with particular structures in the cell. During the period 1940–1965 cell biology was emerging as a new discipline and made distinctive contributions to understanding the role of the mitochondrion and its component parts in cellular respiration. In particular, by developing techniques for localizing enzymes or enzyme systems in specific cellular components, cell biologists provided crucial information about the organized structures in which the biochemical reactions occurred. Although the idea that biochemical operations are intimately related to and depend on cell structures was at odds with the then-dominant emphasis on systems of soluble enzymes in biochemistry, a reconceptualization of energetic processes in the 1960s and 1970s made it clear why cell structure was critical to the biochemical account. This paper examines how numerous excursions between biochemistry and cell biology contributed a new understanding of the mechanism of cellular respiration.
Pediatric nursing research published from 1977 to 1986.

Research studies published from 1977 to 1986 in Nursing Research, Research in Nursing and Health, and Western Journal of Nursing Research were reviewed to identify those related to pediatric nursing. Sixty-eight studies in this clinical specialty were identified and analyzed for the following information: topic of research, age of group of the children, theoretical framework, data collection techniques, research design, and recommendations for future research. Trends in published pediatric nursing research during this 10-year period were identified.
Autoregressive estimation of the splitting matrix of free-oscillation multiplets

SUMMARY Recent, large earthquakes, recorded by the rapidly growing global seismic networks, have produced a vast amount of high-quality data. These new data allow us to develop new techniques to determine the coupling and splitting characteristics of multiplets, and hence determine the 3-D structure of the Earth. Current techniques tend to be computationally intensive and non-linear and require detailed models of earthquake sources (which might be unavailable for the large and often complicated events used in free-oscillation research). Here, we introduce a new technique that allows us to solve for the most general form of the splitting matrix in a few steps without knowledge of the earthquake sources. The method takes advantage of the fact that certain linear combinations of seismograms for a single earthquake have an autoregressive property for which the propagator matrixis relatedto theexponentiated splitting matrix.To retrievethepropagator matrix,it is necessary to use only displacement scalars from a reference earth model and instrument calibrations to perform a two-step linear inversion. Multiple events can (and, generally, must) be used to allow retrieval of the propagator matrix. It is straightforward to recover the splitting matrix from the propagator matrix and it is the elements of the splitting matrix that provide linear constraints on the 3-D structure of the earth. We illustrate the technique by using nearly 900 vertical-component recordings from 10 large earthquakes to recover the splitting matrices of a variety of multiplets. The results are presented as splitting functions, including some of the ¢rst robust anelastic splitting functions to be determined.
Fluctuation-driven rhythmogenesis in an excitatory neuronal network with slow adaptation

We study an excitatory all-to-all coupled network of N spiking neurons with synaptically filtered background noise and slow activity-dependent hyperpolarization currents. Such a system exhibits noise-induced burst oscillations over a range of values of the noise strength (variance) and level of cell excitability. Since both of these quantities depend on the rate of background synaptic inputs, we show how noise can provide a mechanism for increasing the robustness of rhythmic bursting and the range of burst frequencies. By exploiting a separation of time scales we also show how the system dynamics can be reduced to low-dimensional mean field equations in the limit N ???. Analysis of the bifurcation structure of the mean field equations provides insights into the dynamical mechanisms for initiating and terminating the bursts.
Testing a Markov hypothesis with independence of intermediate states and restricted order

SUMMARY A c-order Markov process which is independent of the intermediate states is employed as a model of protein formation; and the problem of testing a zero order hypothesis versus a general, non-zero order alternative is considered as it applies to the question of the origin of proteins. The asymptotic distributions of goodness-of-fit statistics for the transition probabilities are found for each of the collection of orders encompassed by the alternative, and the covariances of these statistics are investigated. Since the covariances are bounded away from zero, an exact test based on the maximum of the asymptotically chi-square distributed statistics was abandoned and a Monte Carlo procedure employed.
Submicroliter Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry Using Standard Electrodes and a Polymer Electrolyte Salt Bridge.

The development of spectroscopic and electrochemical devices that can accommodate very small samples is of considerable importance to many areas of science and technology. We report here on the design and characteristics of a simple apparatus for the electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analysis of submicroliter aqueous samples. The device is easily assembled from common laboratory materials and equipment, utilizing a bifurcated fiber-optic probe, standard disk electrodes of millimeter dimensions, and a polymer electrolyte film salt bridge to enable the analysis of nanoliter-scale sample volumes in a thin-layer configuration. Excellent performance has been demonstrated via measurements on aqueous ferricyanide solutions using sample volumes as low as 20 nL.
Estimates of fluvial erosion on Titan from sinuosity of lake shorelines

[1] Titan has few impact craters, suggesting that its surface is geologically young. Titan's surface also has abundant landforms interpreted to be fluvial networks. Here we evaluate whether fluvial erosion has caused significant resurfacing by estimating the cumulative erosion around the margins of polar lakes. A scarcity of detailed topographic data makes it difficult to measure fluvial incision on Titan, but images of drowned fluvial features around the lake margins, where elevated levels of hydrocarbon liquids appear to have partly flooded fluvial valleys, offer a constraint on the topography. We mapped the shorelines of several lakes to obtain topographic contours that trace the fluvially dissected topography. We then used a numerical landscape evolution model to calibrate a relationship between contour sinuosity, which reflects the extent of fluvial valley incision, and cumulative erosion. We confirmed this relationship by analyzing a partially dissected surface adjacent to the Minnesota River, USA. Comparison of the mapped Titan contours with the sinuosity-erosion relationship suggests that cumulative fluvial erosion around the margins of Titan's polar lakes, including Ligeia Mare, Kraken Mare, and Punga Mare in the north and Ontario Lacus in the south, ranges from 4% to 31% of the initial relief. Additional model simulations show that this amount of fluvial erosion does not render craters invisible at the resolution of currently available imagery, suggesting that fluvial erosion is not the only major resurfacing mechanism operating in Titan's polar regions.
A-Site and B-Site Order in (Na1/2La1/2)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Perovskite

(Na1/2La1/2)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 undergoes a series of phase transitions that involve cation order on the A- and B-sites of the parent perovskite structure. At high temperatures both sites contain a random distribution of cations; below 1275°C a 〈111〉 layering of Mg and Nb leads to the formation of a 1:2 ordered structure with a monoclinic supercell. A second transition was observed at 925°C, where the Na and La cations order onto alternate A-site positions along the 〈001〉 direction of the parent subcell. By quenching samples from above 1275°C to preserve the disorder on the B-site, a fourth variant of this compound was obtained by inducing A-site order through a subsequent anneal at 900°C. Although the changes in structure do not produce significant alterations in the relative permittivity (ɛr∼ 35), they do have a significant effect on the value of the temperature coefficient of the capacitance.
A mode-based clustering algorithm without mode seeking

Mode-based clustering approaches such as mean-shift and its variants are extremely successful. They are also computationally expensive due to their iterative hill-climbing strategy when determining cluster labels for samples. We identify the fact that mode-based cluster boundaries exhibit themselves as minor surfaces of the data distribution. Based on this observation, we develop a mode-based clustering methodology that does not involve iterative hill climbing for each sample. The method, instead, is based on searching for the presence of a minor surface on a path that connects pairs of samples. The pairwise data connections, when evaluated efficiently, may lead to a simple graph connectivity matrix based on which clusters can be identified using connected components. This search efficiency is achieved by an agglomerative clustering approach in the particular proposition presented in this paper. Illustrative experiments are carried out on synthetic datasets using Gaussian mixture models and kernel density estimates.
A programmable method for massively parallel targeted sequencing

We have developed a targeted resequencing approach referred to as Oligonucleotide-Selective Sequencing. In this study, we report a series of significant improvements and novel applications of this method whereby the surface of a sequencing flow cell is modified in situ to capture specific genomic regions of interest from a sample and then sequenced. These improvements include a fully automated targeted sequencing platform through the use of a standard Illumina cBot fluidics station. Targeting optimization increased the yield of total on-target sequencing data 2-fold compared to the previous iteration, while simultaneously increasing the percentage of reads that could be mapped to the human genome. The described assays cover up to 1421 genes with a total coverage of 5.5 Megabases (Mb). We demonstrate a 10-fold abundance uniformity of greater than 90% in 1 log distance from the median and a targeting rate of up to 95%. We also sequenced continuous genomic loci up to 1.5 Mb while simultaneously genotyping SNPs and genes. Variants with low minor allele fraction were sensitively detected at levels of 5%. Finally, we determined the exact breakpoint sequence of cancer rearrangements. Overall, this approach has high performance for selective sequencing of genome targets, configuration flexibility and variant calling accuracy.
Effects of Pesticides on Wildlife

There are two important factors which must be considered before the impact of any pesticidal material on various ecosystems can be critically discussed. These are (1) the current levels of contamination in the ecosystems and (2) the susceptibility of biological material to the pesticides. The contamination factor should be considered in relation to the dynamics of pesticide movement (e.g., accumulation through the food chain). The susceptibility data should eventually include such subtle effects as changes in egg shell thickness and courting and nesting behavior, irritability, and chronic effects to be complete. One of the most important parameters for assessing the sublethal effects of pesticides appears to be to what degree they affect the reproductive processes.
Sevelamer crystals in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in a teenager with end-stage renal disease

Background Non-calcium-containing phosphate binders, such as sevelamer preparations, are being increasingly used in patients on dialysis due to their lower association with hypercalcemia and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While minor gastrointestinal side effects are quite common with the use of sevelamer, more serious gastrointestinal toxicities have only rarely been reported.
Sex in Nursing Homes: A Survey of Nursing Home Policies Governing Resident Sexual Activity.

Abstract Objective To identify nursing home (NH) standards related to sexual activity and sexual relationships for residents through a nationwide survey of directors of nursing (DONs). Methods A national survey was distributed online and was completed by 366 DONs of skilled nursing facilities. The DONs answered questions concerning policies and experiences related to sexual activities of their residents including types of resident sexual activity they have encountered, perceptions about residents with dementia engaging in sexual activity, and policies pertaining to sexual activity including masturbation. Results The results of the survey demonstrated that the vast majority (71.2%) indicated that there had been issues regarding residents' sexual activities in their facilities with over one-half (58%) of the DONs reporting situations of resident with resident sexual activity and 60% with situations of resident masturbation. More than one-half (56.6%) require a family or designated representative to approve sexual activity for a cognitively impaired resident. For a cognitively intact resident, 12.4% of facilities still require family or designated representative to approve sexual activity. However, despite the prevalence of sexual activity, the majority of NHs (63.4%) actually do not have policies dealing with resident sexual activity. Of the NHs with policies, 58.6% have written policies in place, with 11.2% requiring a physician order to allow sexual activity and 9.5% requiring a physician order to restrict sexual activity. Conclusions Issues related to sexual activity in NH residents are quite prevalent, however, the rates of policies related to sexual activity are low and the policies and restrictions are not uniform. Our study suggests nursing homes should have a clear policy addressing resident sexual activity. It would be beneficial for such a policy to be communicated to residents and their families as part of an admission package instead of waiting for sexual interest to be noticed. This would enable residents to engage in sexual activity with understanding and support rather than hiding.
Patterns of Importance Variation in Spoken Dialog

Some things people say are more important, and some less so. Importance varies from moment to moment in spoken dialog, and contextual prosodic features and patterns signal this. A simple linear regression model over such features gave estimates that correlated well, 0.83, with human importance judgments.
Prevalence of Sport Specialization in High School Athletics: A 1-Year Observational Study

Background:The prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletes is unknown. This information is needed to determine the scope of this issue in an active population.Purpose:To determine the prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletes and to determine if specialization is influenced by classification method, year in school, sex, and school size. A secondary purpose was to determine if highly specialized athletes would be more likely to report a history of lower extremity injuries.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:High school athletes between the ages of 13 and 18 years from 2 local high schools completed both a sport specialization survey and an injury history survey. Athletes were classified into low, moderate, or high specialization groups using a recently developed 3-point system and were also classified using a self-classification method.Results:A total of 302 athletes completed the surveys and were classified as low specialization (n = 105, 34.8%)...
William Carlos Williams's Paterson Literature and Urban History

This article traces the importance of the locale of Paterson, New Jersey, to William Carlos Williams's famous poem Paterson. Change over the past 40 years to each of the main symbolic sites of the ...
THE EVOLUTIONARY RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF A LOST ANCESTRAL MUSCLE IN THE BOWERBIRD ASSEMBLAGE

appeared as developmental anomalies, but it is less often suggested that such ancestral characters can become re-established as normal components of descendant groups, long after their original loss. Such reversional phenomena have been attributed vaguely to the reversibility of mutations (e.g., Rensch 1959:124), but advances in our understanding of how genes control development offer insight into possible mechanisms for such events. We report herein the apparent re-establishment of a lost ancestral muscle
Management and Prevention of Postamputation Heterotopic Ossification

Heterotopic bone growth is a common finding following partial foot amputation that can predispose to recurrent wounds and osteomyelitis. Heterotopic ossification is the formation of excess mature lamellar bone in the soft tissues adjacent to bone that is exacerbated by trauma or surgical intervention. With a reported incidence as high as 75 % following certain procedures, this unwanted bone growth following local amputation can lead to a prominence on the plantar aspect of the foot that may predispose the patient to recurrent neuropathic ulceration. Not infrequently, these sites of re-ulceration can become complicated by osteomyelitis, necessitating repeat partial foot amputation. This can be a devastating complication in the diabetic neuropathic patient already considered at high risk for limb amputation. Several perioperative and intraoperative prophylactic measures can be employed to minimize the potential for the development of heterotopic ossification. Intraoperative surgical techniques to minimize the potential for bone-forming hematoma should routinely be applied. In the patient deemed at high risk for heterotopic bone growth, single-dose prophylactic radiation therapy can be applied to the affected foot in the perioperative period. Heterotopic ossification is a common and potentially detrimental complication of partial foot amputations that requires routine prophylactic consideration.
Osmotic blood-brain barrier modification: Clinical documentation by enhanced CT scanning and/or radionuclide brain scanning

Results of initial clinical trials of brain tumor chemotherapy after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption are promising. In general, the procedure is well tolerated. The major complication has been seizures. In this report, data are presented which indicate that the etiology of these seizures is related to the use of contrast agent (meglumine iothalamate) to monitor barrier modification. A series of 19 patients underwent a total of 85 barrier modification procedures. Documentation of barrier disruption was monitored by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scanning, radionuclide brain scanning, or a combination of both techniques. In 56 procedures (19 patients) monitored by enhanced CT, seizures occurred a total of 10 times in eight patients. Twenty-three barrier modification procedures (in nine of these 19 patients) documented by nuclear brain scans alone, however, resulted in only one focal motor seizure in each of two patients. In eight of the 19 patients who had seizures after barrier disruption and enhanced CT scan, four subsequently had repeat procedures monitored by radionuclide scan alone. In only one of these patients was further seizure activity noted; a single focal motor seizure was observed. Clearly, the radionuclide brain scan does not have the sensitivity and spatial resolution of enhanced CT, but at present it appears safer to monitor barrier modification by this method and to follOW tumor growth between barrier modifications by enhanced CT. Four illustrative cases showing methods, problems, and promising results are presented.
Design of IoT comprehensive service platform based on enterprise service bus

With the Internet of Things(IoT) applied more and more widely,the IoT system which supports separate business has been unable to meet the needs "large-scale" rapid development of IoT business.In order to effectively support the IoT of all kinds of business,improve the efficiency of software development,providing IoT application solutions for all sectors of society is necessary.In the research of IoT based on the business system,teasing out the common function of various system,regarding the common functions as services,one kind of IoT framework for integrated service platform based on ESB(Enterprise Service Bus) was proposed.The current situation of the IoT platform was analyzed,and the architecture and key technology including uniform identity authentication service and service access were described.The research provides new idea and direction for the unified development of the IoT.
Research and Development of Educational Theories in the United States

This paper discusses and analyzes the most influential theories in education of the United States since the early 20th century.While pragmatism is always highly recognized in the United States,different schools of theory have created their landmarks in education and classroon instruction.Among them not only is "behaviornism"that has inspired the early psychological research,but also "cognitism"that emphasizes thinking process and knowledge construction in its research.In addition to the constructive concepts of "education is life itself" and the development of the "zone of proximal development",this paper also includes the contributions of Multiple Intelligence Theory that nurtures children's creative thinking.All of these theories have been played an important role in American education as well as in the education of the world.Although pros and cons exist in the research,the authors believe that all educational theories can be integrated and practiced to meet each individual learner's needs.
Gastrocystoplasty Without Opening the Stomach

AbstractWe describe a modification of gastrocystoplasty using the GIA stapler to harvest the segment for augmentation without opening the stomach. This simplification reduces operative time and blood loss without introducing complications specific to it and has been successfully used in our first 5 patients.
Some Limitations and Pitfalls of Excretory Urography

A review of some of the more important limitations and pitfalls in the interpretation of excretory urograms is presented. Although there is no infallible method of avoiding interpretive errors it is suggested that the development of good viewing habits, including an orderly and systematic appraisal of each film, coupled with a physiologically oriented approach to film interpretation will reduce mistakes significantly. Similarly, many pitfalls may be circumvented by the simple expedient of close collaboration between urologist and radiologist, and by the reluctance of either to accept urography that is suboptimal by current standards.
Modified double Poisson brackets

Abstract We propose a non-skew-symmetric generalization of the original definition of double Poisson Bracket by M. Van den Bergh. It allows one to explicitly construct a more general class of H 0 -Poisson structures on finitely generated associative algebras. We show that modified double Poisson brackets inherit certain major properties of the double Poisson brackets.
Electromagnetic Induced Diffusion Signals on Conduit Protected Cables

In areas of high electromagnetic fields, critical electronic equipment must be shielded to minimize the interference and destructive effects of these fields. For many systems, one of the more critical shielding elements is the conduit network carrying the interconnecting cables of the system. These conduit systems can form excellent receptors for electromagnetic fields and induced ground currents and thus, it is important to be able to predict what signals will be induced on the protected cables inside the conduit, in an arbitrary electromagnetic field. Since the external threat field can take various forms including radar, NEMP, and lightening pulses, all of varying frequency content, it is impossible to test for all possible input conditions. Therefore, a general solution is determined by calculating the time response of the conduit protected cable to an impulse of electromagnetic energy. This response can then be convoluted with any given input to obtain the actual voltages on the protected cable. It is shown that the impulse response function for a conduit of a specified size and material can be uniquely defined by two conduit parameters which depend on the size and material properties of the conduit. It is further shown that these two parameters can be easily determined experimentally. This is extremely important since material properties for standard conduits are not readily available. Finally, it is shown that once the parameters for one size conduit of a given material are known, the parameters for any other size conduit of the same material can be found by simply knowing the physical dimensions of the new conduit size. The conduit parameters for standard aluminum and galvanized steel 1" and 2" diameter rigid wall conduits were experimentally determined. The calculated impulse responses for these conduits were verified experimentally, with excellent agreement being obtained between theory and experiment. The accuracy of the theoretical impulse reponse is further demonstrated by predicting the cable response for a damped sinusoid driving current and obtaining excellent agreement with the actual measured response.
Myelo-erythroid commitment after burn injury is under β-adrenergic control via MafB regulation.

Severely injured burn patients receive multiple blood transfusions for anemia of critical illness despite the adverse consequences. One limiting factor to consider alternate treatment strategies is the lack of a reliable test platform to study molecular mechanisms of impaired erythropoiesis. This study illustrates how conditions resulting in a high catecholamine microenvironment such as burns can instigate myelo-erythroid reprioritization influenced by β-adrenergic stimulation leading to anemia. In a mouse model of scald burn injury, we observed, along with a threefold increase in bone marrow LSK cells (linneg Sca1+cKit+), that the myeloid shift is accompanied with a significant reduction in megakaryocyte erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs). β-Blocker administration (propranolol) for 6 days after burn, not only reduced the number of LSKs and MafB+ cells in multipotent progenitors, but also influenced myelo-erythroid bifurcation by increasing the MEPs and reducing the granulocyte monocyte progenitors in the bone marrow of burn mice. Furthermore, similar results were observed in burn patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived ex vivo culture system, demonstrating that commitment stage of erythropoiesis is impaired in burn patients and intervention with propranolol (nonselective β1,2-adrenergic blocker) increases MEPs. Also, MafB+ cells that were significantly increased following standard burn care could be mitigated when propranolol was administered to burn patients, establishing the mechanistic regulation of erythroid commitment by myeloid regulatory transcription factor MafB. Overall, results demonstrate that β-adrenergic blockers following burn injury can redirect the hematopoietic commitment toward erythroid lineage by lowering MafB expression in multipotent progenitors and be of potential therapeutic value to increase erythropoietin responsiveness in burn patients.
Electrokinetic Phenomena in Pencil Lead-Based Microfluidics

Fabrication of microchannels and associated electrodes to generate electrokinetic phenomena often involves costly materials and considerable effort. In this study, we used graphite pencil-leads as low cost, disposable 3D electrodes to investigate various electrokinetic phenomena in straight cylindrical microchannels, which were themselves fabricated by using a graphite rod as the microchannel mold. Individual pencil-leads were employed as the micro-electrodes arranged along the side walls of the microchannel. Efficient electrokinetic phenomena provided by the 3D electrodes, including alternating current electroosmosis (ACEO), induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO), and dielectrophoresis (DEP), were demonstrated by the introduced pencil-lead based microfluidic devices. The electrokinetic phenomena were characterized by micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) measurements and microscopy imaging. Highly efficient electrokinetic phenomena using 3D pencil-lead electrodes showed the affordability and ease of this technique to fabricate microfluidic devices embedded with electrodes for electrokinetic fluid and particle manipulations.
Improving Symptoms in Knee Osteoarthritis: Can We Get There From Here?

Bennell and colleagues present the results of a randomized trial evaluating whether delivering nonpharmacologic therapy via the Internet can improve pain and decrease disability in persons with kne...
Validation of an Automated Assay for Levetiracetam (Keppra) on Vitros 5600

Objective: Levetiracetam (also known as Keppra™) is an antiepileptic drug that has been demonstrated as an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset of seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures. The aim of our study was to validate an automated quantitative immunoassay for levetiracetam at Texas Children9s Hospital. Method: We validated the analytical performance of ARK™ Levetiracetam Assay on an Ortho Clinical Diagnostic Vitros 5600 Analyzer at Texas Children9s Hospital. Analytical performance parameters included precision, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and effect of common interferents (free hemoglobin, bilirubin, triglycerides). We also tested common drug interferents on the ARK Levetiracetam Assay. Results: The assay showed good precision with Conclusions: The ARK Levetiracetam Assay on Ortho Clinical Diagnostic Vitros 5600 can be used for routine determination of levetiracetam for conducting therapeutic drug monitoring and optimizing individual dosage regimen.