cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Dynamics of Single-DNA Molecules Undergoing Adsorption and Desorption at Liquid-Solid Interfaces

The conformational dynamics and adsorption/desorption behavior of individual λ-DNA molecules at liquid−solid interfaces were monitored by imaging within the evanescent field layer using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. At a fused-silica surface, molecular conformation and adsorption behavior were found to depend on both pH and buffer composition. A histogram of individual λ-DNA adsorption durations measured by hydrodynamically flowing molecules along the interface exhibited asymmetry nearly identical to that of the corresponding elution peaks found in capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The accessibility of the surface to the molecules, which is proportional to the capillary surface area-to-volume ratio, can be correlated with the capacity factor and the relative adsorption factor. At a C18 surface, the dynamics of individual DNA molecules changed with the addition of organic solvent as well as with pH. Hydrophobic interaction rather than electrostatic interact...
A Pattern Recognition and Associative Memory Approach to Power System Security Assessment

As the cost of computer memory continues to decline faster than that of processors, it may be realistic to effectively apply pattern recognition methodology to security evaluation of an electric power system. Efficient implementation techniques are developed to achieve assessment in real time with a modest level of memory requirement. The basic idea is to recognize the unknown security of a particular system state operation from stored knowledge about similar operating patterns. Two efficient data structures are proposed here for its implementation. First, a distributed memory device, an associative memory is developed for recognition. This particular memory is found to be capable of parallel pattern matching along with reduced computer storage. Second, for an efficient implementation of the memory structure, these associative memories are configured in a hierarchical structure which not only expands storage capacity but also utilizes the speed of tree search. This structure provides a basis of an error-free, rapid, and memory-saving recognition algorithm.
Surface Radiation Exchange for Two-Dimensional Rectangular Enclosures Using the Discrete-Ordinates Method

The purpose of this study is to develop a model based on the discrete-ordinates method for computing radiant exchange between surfaces separated by a transparent medium and to formulate the model so that arbitrary arrangements of the surfaces can be accommodated. Heat fluxes from the model are compared to those based on the radiosity/irradiation analysis. Three test geometries that include shadowing and irregular geometries are used to validate the model. Heat fluxes from the model are in good agreement with those from the radiosity/irradiation analysis. Effects of geometries, surface emittances, grid patterns, finite-difference weighting factor, and number of discrete angles are reported.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACETATE AND OXALATE AS SIMPLE ORGANIC LIGANDS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF PALLADIUM IN SURFACE ENVIRONMENTS

L'acetate et l'oxalate sont de ligands organiques simples que l'on peut trouver dans la nature dans les eaux de surface, les nappes d'eau souterraine, et les sols; ils pourraient bien jouer un role dans le transfert du palladium dans de tels milieux. Le transfert de masses de Pd dans les milieux de surface aurait des implications pour l'exploration fondee sur criteres geochimiques aussi bien que pour l'impact environnemental des elements du groupe du platine. Nous avons etudie la complexation du palladium bivalent avec l'acetate en mesurant la solubilite du Pd(OH) 2 amorphe dans le NaClO 4 (solution de molalite 1) en fonction de la concentration d'acetate (molalite entre 0.0001 et 0.1) a 25°C. A partir de ces donnees, l'espece predominante de l'acetate de Pd 2 + serait Pd(ac) 2 0 (ici, ac represente l'anion acetate), avec une constante de stabilite conditionnelle log β 2 * egale a 9.3 ′ 0.3. Les complexes impliquant palladium et oxalate ont ete etudies au moyen de la spectrometrie dans les domaines ultraviolette et visible. Nos experiences ont ete menees a 25°C en fonction de la concentration de NaCl (de 0.1 a 2.0 molal) et d'oxalate (de 0.1 a 100 millimolal). Les resultats demontrent que les complexes a Pd et oxalate deviennent importants a concentrations relativement faibles d'oxalate. Dans une solution de NaCl de molalite 1, il existe un point isosbestique qui indique l'equilibre entre un complexe a Pd et oxalate d'un part, et PdCl 4 2-. A plus faibles concentrations de NaCl, il se pourrait que plus de deux especes contenant le Pd coexistent aux conditions experimentales choisies. Un calcul de la speciation en fonction du pH dans une solution modele pour simuler un sol montre que le complexe Pd(ac) 2 0 ne rend compte que de 40% du Pd total au plus, meme en l'absence d'oxalate et meme si la concentration d'acetate atteint 5 millimolal. A concentrations d'acetate plus faibles, ou en presence d'oxalate, la proportion de Pd(ac) 2 0 est negligeable. Toutefois, le complexe Pd(ox)° semble etre un important porteur de Pd 2 + , etant predominant a faible pH, et son champ de stabilite augmenterait a mesure qu'augmente la concentration d'oxalate.
A single-stage single-phase bi-directional grid interface circuit with digital lookup table based control

Emerging load-side commercial and residential building technologies are driving the need for high performance, low cost line-interface systems. This paper reports on the design and test of a single-stage single-phase bi-directional line interface circuit and controller that provides high quality AC line waveforms along with load-line regulation of the DC bus. The circuit is based on a series-parallel connected interleaved flyback topology, with a single integrated coupled magnetic device. A digital controller relies on a lookup table based approach, which utilizes either on-line training or pre-training of the controller so that the internal current waveform loop is effectively run open-loop within a given half-line cycle.
Assessment of Graduate Orthodontic Programs in North America

This study collected information on four main aspects of U.S. and Canadian orthodontic programs: demographic profiles of residents, requirements for graduation, graduate curriculum, and number of faculty and staff members. Program directors at seventy U.S. and Canadian orthodontic programs were invited to participate in a twenty-question survey and to distribute a ten-question survey to their residents. Twenty program directors and eighty-four residents completed the anonymous, online surveys on Qualtrics.com in July-August 2010. The average age of surveyed residents was 29.6 years of age; 73 percent were non-Hispanic white, with 14 percent Asian/Asian-American, 5 percent Hispanic, and 1 percent African American. A small percentage of residents (13 percent) were foreign-trained. The majority of residents (64 percent) were male. There was a wide variety of clinical and didactic requirements in the programs. Almost all programs emphasized treatment with functional appliances and clear aligners. An average of three full-time and ten part-time faculty members were dedicated to each residency program. This survey reveals a potential shortage of minority orthodontic residents currently being trained in orthodontic programs, in addition to several commonalities and differences among the programs' curricula, graduation requirements, and numbers of faculty and staff members. This preliminary survey will hopefully inspire measures to address the discrepancies revealed, particularly the lack of minority students and full-time faculty members.
Simeon De Witt, Class of 1776

The article covers the life and career of Simeon De Witt (1756-1834). De Witt was the sole member of his graduating class (1776). He had an illustrious career as chief geographer in the American Army and surveyor-general of New York.
On popular response to violence during insurgencies

Population behavior is a key factor in the evolution and outcome of insurgencies. This behavior is affected by the violence exerted by the insurgents and the regime. In this paper we model the effect of targeted (i.e., coercion) and misguided (i.e., collateral casualties) violence on the behavior of the population. It is shown that excess violence and poor targeting accuracy may lead to situations where a population's support for a certain side will vanish. Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PEMs: they are used successfully in Hi-Rel avionics

The decision of integrated circuit manufacturers to concentrate all of their activity on the production of components for the consumer industry has caused considerable and escalating difficulty for those OEM manufacturers who produce products which must work in extended temperature range applications. This has raised issues relative to the reliability and availability of products which are used outside their data sheet specifications. It has also raised issues about how to maintain products which are in service when the source of supply for the replacement parts has disappeared. This situation has also motivated considerable progress towards cooperative action among the OEM manufacturers of this type of equipment, where the expectation is that the combined requirements and resources can reduce the magnitude of the problem.
Calorie Label Formats: Using Numeric and Traffic Light Calorie Labels to Reduce Lunch Calories

AbstractIn a field experiment involving online workplace lunch orders, this study examines the impact of numeric and traffic light calorie labels on calorie intake. Employees of a large corporation ordered lunches through a website of the authors’ design, on which they were presented menus with numeric calorie labels, traffic light labels, or both together, and the authors compared the calorie content of the ordered lunches with that of diners randomized to receive no calorie information. Each label type reduced lunch calories by approximately 10%. Nutrition knowledge was not improved by any menu format. Traffic light labels achieved meaningful reductions in calories ordered even in the absence of numeric information, and the authors found no apparent benefit or detriment of combining label types. These findings suggest that consumers may benefit most from help in identifying relatively healthier choices but rely little on information about the exact caloric content of items.
Adaptive OFDM radar for detecting a moving target in urban scenarios

We address the problem of detecting a moving target in an urban canyon using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar and exploiting the multipath reflections. The multipath propagation increases the spatial diversity of the radar system and provides different Doppler shifts over different path. In addition, the use of broadband OFDM signal provides frequency diversity to the system. We develop a parametric measurement model that accounts for the multipath components at multiple frequencies as well as Doppler shifts. Then, we develop a statistical detection test and evaluate its performance characteristics. Based on this, we propose an algorithm to optimally design the spectral weights for the next transmitting waveform. We present a few numerical examples to illustrate our analytical results. We demonstrate the achieved performance improvement due to the exploitation of multipath propagation, OFDM signalling, and adaptive waveform design.
Cardiovascular disease genes come together.

Fig. 1. Epistatic interactions between SMAD3 and COL4A1/COL4A2 polymorphisms in rs72655775 (SNP B) individually show association with CAD in population studies. To model constant, b1 and b2 are coefficients for the individual gene dosage effects of SNPs A and B, b interaction is obtained under the null hypothesis that the true b3 1⁄4 0. Panel B: Howmight th hypothetical one is illustrated. In this case, the two COL4A alleles show differential respons expression. Thus, among individuals carrying the SMAD A allele, there is little effect of the C COL4A alleles have a large effect.
Remembering and Voting: Theory and Evidence from Amnesic Patients

One of the most prominent claims to emerge from the field of public opinion is that citizens can vote for candidates whose issue positions best reflect their own beliefs even when they cannot remember previously learned stances associated with the candidates. The current experiment provides a unique and powerful examination of this claim by determining whether individuals with profound amnesia, whose severe memory impairments prevent them from remembering specific issue information associated with any particular candidate, can vote for candidates whose issue positions come closest to their own political views. We report here that amnesic patients, despite not being able to remember any issue information, consistently voted for candidates with favored political positions. Thus, sound voting decisions do not require recall or recognition of previously learned associations between candidates and their issue positions. This result supports a multiple memory systems model of political decision making.
Protein Phosphatases and Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity

Synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells requires a delicate balance of protein kinase and protein phosphatase activities. Long-term potentiation (LTP) after intense synaptic stimulation often results from postsynaptic Ca2+ influx via NMDA-type glutamate receptors and activation of
Using improvisation to enhance the effectiveness of brainstorming

Group brainstorming is a popular ideation method for design teams, yet brainstorming outcomes vary greatly. The method depends on individuals working collectively to generate ideas, and so group dynamics determine whether the method succeeds or fails. This paper explores how interaction designers used techniques from theatrical improvisation, or improv, to adhere to the rules of brainstorming thereby enhancing group interactions while collaborating. The usefulness of improvisation for brainstorming stems from the similarity of the goals of improvisation and brainstorming, the similarity of the recurrent problems that actors and designers encounter when collaborating, and the distinctness of the ways each have devised to resolve the problems that block the group's performance. This paper reflects on the individual- and group-level outcomes for design students and practitioners while brainstorming.
A small angle X-ray scattering study of a fragment derived from E. coli 5S RNA

The structure of a 62 base nuclease resistant fragment of E. coli 5S RNA (bases 1-11, 69-87, 89-120) has been examined by small angle x-ray scattering. The results obtained are indistinguishable from those expected if this oligonucleotide complex were a perfect RNA double helix of about 30 base pairs. These results indicate that this portion of 5S RNA is in a configuration which is approximately double helical, even though proper base pairing is possible over only half its length.
V. TGF-β signaling pathways

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional peptide growth factor with a wide range of potential effects on growth, differentiation, extracellular matrix deposition, and the immune response. General TGF-β signaling pathways have been described in detail over the last several years, but factors that determine the nature of the TGF-β response are poorly understood. In particular, signaling pathways that specifically mediate the matrix effects of TGF-β have received little attention, although they will be important therapeutic targets in the treatment of pathological fibrosis. This themes article focuses on TGF-β signaling and highlights potential points for generating matrix-specific responses.
Bipolar Illness, Creativity, and Treatment

There have been in recent years increasing claims in both popular and professional literature for a connection between bipolar illness and creativity. A review of studies supporting this claim reveals serious flaws in sampling, methodology, presentation of results, and conclusions. Although there is therefore no evidence for etiological or genetic linkages, it is still necessary to explain interrelationships in those creative persons suffering from the illness. Examples of the work in progress of artists with bipolar disorder, Jackson Pollock and Edvard Munch, illustrate the use of healthy and adaptive creative cognition—janusian and homospatial processes—in the former's breakthrough conception during an improvement phase in treatment leading to the development of the Abstract Expressionist Movement and in the latter's transformation of an hallucination into his famous artwork “The Scream.” Treatment options that do not produce cognitive effects are important for creative persons with bipolar disorder.
Influence of Negative Ion and Metastable Transport on the Stochastic Behavior of Negative Corona (Trichel) Pulses

It has been shown (Van Brunt and Kulkarni, 1989) that negative pulsating point-plane corona (Trichel pulse discharge, Trichel, 1938) is inherently a stochastic process in the sense that the initiation and development of a discharge pulse can be significantly influenced by residual ion space charge and metastables from previous discharge pulses. The stochastic behavior of this discharge phenomenon has been revealed from a direct measurement of various conditionaldischarge pulse-height and time-interval distributions.
The Impact of Historical Trauma and Mistrust on the Recruitment of Resource Families of Color

ABSTRACTThe Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 and the Interethnic Adoption Provisions of 1996 (MEPA-IEP) require states to diligently recruit “potential foster and adoptive families that reflect the ethnic and racial diversity of children in the state for whom foster and adoptive homes are needed” (42 U.S.C. §622b(3)(9)). Nationally, 53% of the children in foster care and 55% of the children waiting to be adopted are children of color (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System, 2014). Recruitment of resource families of color has historically presented challenges. This article critically examines the diligent recruitment efforts of an urban county targeting Black/African American, Latino, and Native American communities through a critical race theory lens. Although there was an overall increase in resource families, the racial and ethnic representation of resource families to children in care within the county improved for Latinos yet declined for Black/African Americans and Native Americans....
Review: Le Corbusier: An Atlas of Modern Landscapes

Le Corbusier: An Atlas of Modern Landscapes Museum of Modern Art, New York 15 June–23 September 2013 This ambitious exhibition, curated by Jean- Louis Cohen and Barry Bergdoll, was the first major retrospective at MoMA to focus on the creative work of Le Corbusier. Organized biographically according to geographic locale, it drew upon a range of media to probe the integral relationship between Le Corbusier’s travels and his artistic and architectural production in scales that range from furniture designs to buildings and urban proposals. In addition to original sketches, architectural drawings, and models, the installation included objects he collected (glassware, shells, bone fragments), numerous paintings, excerpts from films made by Le Corbusier and others, selected images from his travel notebooks (reproduced digitally and projected in series according to locale), large-scale polemical drawings made during his 1935 lecture tour of the United States, photographs of selected examples of his buildings commissioned from Richard Pare, and full-scale replicas of rooms from diverse periods of Le Corbusier’s practice. The museum is to be congratulated for assembling the extensive drawings, models, and paintings generously loaned by the Fondation Le Corbusier in Paris, as well as films from a range of sources and examples of his early paintings from La Chaux-de-Fonds, together with those of his art teacher Charles L’Eplattenier, all of which made this retrospective an opportunity for scholars and practitioners alike to reassess the extraordinary range of the architect’s creative output. Bergdoll describes the primary ambition of the exhibition: “to organize a new generation of research, analysis, and interpretation of Le Corbusier’s practice using the metaphor and, in part, the form of an atlas,” a form that serves “to recognize a profound relationship between practice and place in Le Corbusier’s life and work” ( Atlas , 19). Scholars have often misunderstood …
Compound Platonic Polyhedra in Origami

(2006). Compound Platonic Polyhedra in Origami. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 190-198.
The Collation of Full Tang Addendum(The Ninth Series)

The inscriptions material has an advantage on the quantity, and the content covers a wide range. It is a valuable material for studying ancient society. Recently the author read and checked "the Full Tang addendum"(the ninth series), then collated and made interpretation for it, hoping the research will be beneficial to collation of ancient books.
What the homemaker knows about nutrition. II. Level of nutritional knowledge.

This survey of homemakers indicates that only about a quarter have even a fair understanding of nutrition related to feeding their families. The greatest need for more nutritional knowledge by hom.e1nakers is in regard to: ascorbic-acid-rich and carotene-rich fruits and vegetables; the adult need for milk; and the nutritional value of breads and cereals, and of butter and fortified margarine.
Spacetime as Described by EFT

This chapter examines the idea of treating GR as an EFT, and, drawing from the ideas presented in the previous chapters (Chaps. 2– 4), explores what we might learn of emergent spacetime through the framework of EFT. Examples of both top–down and bottom–up EFT are considered; the former case is represented by analogue models of (and for) gravity, which describe spacetime (an effective curved geometry, to be more precise) as emergent from a condensed-matter system at high-energy.
Cellular handset integration -- SIP vs. SOC

Cellular handsets are rapidly evolving from voice-only products to highly featured designs featuring color displays, games, audio, video, cameras, Bluetooth, GPS, WLAN, highspeed wide-area data services, and other advanced features. This remarkable expansion in capability, in conjunction with ongoing customer demands for sleek, ergonomic, and reasonably priced handsets with good battery life, places considerable pressure on handset component providers to aggressively integrate the handset electronics. System-in-package (SIP) integration and system-on-chip (SOC) integration are two possible approaches. This paper investigates the tradeoffs between SIP and SOC integration for the integration of memories, analog, and RF electronics in the handset.
A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Representations of a Firm's Operating Activities

Information is often multidimensional, dynamic and difficult to communicate using traditional representations such as verbal descriptions or even graphics. With the development of advanced visualization technology, it is possible to create more effective representations. Taking a distributed cognition perspective and integrating several theories of visualization, I have formulated a theoretical model. The resulting model is being used to examine the advantages of animated visualizations in representing dynamic information and in facilitating decision-making.
Diagnostic paradox: Ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva simulating tricuspid valve endocarditis

Rupture of aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium mimicking tricuspid valve endocarditis is a rare presentation. We review a case of spontaneous rupture of aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva into the right atrium presenting as a murmur. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mobile mass that appeared to be attached to the tricuspid valve leaflet with moderate tricuspid regurgitation suggestive of tricuspid valve endocarditis. The diagnosis was confirmed as spontaneous rupture of noncoronary sinus in to the right atrium by transesophageal echocardiogram. Patient recovered completely after surgical repair.
Fibrin Hydrogels Prevent Contraction and Deliver Adipose Stem Cells to Debrided Deep Partial Thickness Burns for Accelerated Angiogenesis

Autografts for wound coverage often have limited availability, and result in donor site morbidities. Many different tissue engineering strategies have been explored to minimize and/or circumvent th...
Controversy and Consensus About Statin Use: It Is Not About the Sex⁎

If statistics is a science of probability then Sir William Osler expressed the limitations of its applications when he articulated “Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability” ([1][1]). Despite widespread consensus about statin use for the secondary prevention of
Transmission Expression Signature in Nascent Plasmodium vivax Blood Stage Infection

The lack of a continuous in vitro culture system for Plasmodium vivax severely limits our knowledge of pathophysiology of the most widespread malaria parasite. To gain direct understanding of P. vivax human infections, we used Next Generation Sequencing data mining to unravel parasite in vivo expression profiles for P. vivax , and P. falciparum as comparison. We performed cloud and local computing to extract parasite transcriptomes from publicly available raw data of human blood samples. We developed a Poisson Modelling (PM) method to confidently identify parasite derived transcripts in mixed RNAseq signals of infected host tissues. We successfully retrieved and reconstructed parasite transcriptomes from infected patient blood as early as the first blood stage cycle; and the same methodology did not recover any significant signal from controls. Surprisingly, these first generation blood parasites already show strong signature of transmission, which indicates the commitment from asexual-to-sexual stages. Further, we develop mathematical models for P. vivax and P. falciparum to assess the epidemiological impact of possible 7-day early stage transmission and P. vivax complex life cycle. The study uncovers the earliest onset of P. vivax blood pathogenesis and highlights the challenges of P. vivax eradication programs.
An exponentially stable control law for quadrotors: Simulations and experiments

A new exponentially stable nonlinear control law is presented for trajectory tracking, hovering, and yaw motion tracking problems. Since linear motion of quadrotors is achieved via roll and pitch angles, a relationship between roll and pitch accelerations and motion trajectory is developed. An exponentially stable trajectory error dynamics is then formulated to derive the roll and pitch moments and the thrust force. A similar control law is also developed for yaw motion. The control law is applied to hovering, straight line, and circular motion trajectory tracking simulation examples and experimentally verified in each case.
Banking regulation, regulatory capture and inequality

Regulation of the banking and finance industry may lead to a more equal distribution of income if regulators pursue goals in the public interest. Alternatively, the economic theory of regulation predicts that regulatory and supervisory processes may be captured by the banking industry, leading to policies that promote the industry’s interests. The liberalization of the banking and finance sector since the 1980s has produced more intense banking supervision and prudential regulation. In this study we find that banking supervision regulation is associated with greater income inequality. These findings are consistent with the economic theory of regulation. We interpret these results as evidence that regulatory capture in the banking and finance industry can have pernicious effects on the distribution of income.
The Anatomic Basis of the Blood-Brain Barrier

The morphologic features of cerebral endothelium that prevent large and small solutes from being transferred from blood to extravascular, interstitial fluid, are the complete belts of tight junctions between them and the low number of endocytotic invaginations in the luminal part of their cell membrane.15,108,131 When the capillaries of the central nervous system are perturbed in a number of unrelated ways, solutes can move from blood to brain tissue. The mechanisms of this transmural passage are still disputed. It is the intention of this chapter to review some firm and some preliminary evidence of (1) the ways in which endothelium may interact with the astrocyte in the establishment or maintenance of the barrier, (2) how the intact endothelium may selectively transfer specific ligands by receptor-mediated means, (3) the influence of electric charge on solute uptake by endothelium, (4) how the barrier may be circumvented, and (5) where extravasated solutes are disseminated interstitially.
Regulation of Calcium by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cellular Components

In the case of smooth muscle in general and vascular smooth muscle in particular, the number of contractile or relaxing agents is quite large and all of them must ultimately, in some way, affect the interaction of Ca2+ with the regulatory component of the contractile protein apparatus. The specific nature of this interaction, the components of the regulatory proteins, and the specific mechanisms regulating Ca2+ in smooth muscle are, essentially, unknown. Consequently, this chapter will not try to elucidate specific Ca2+ involvement in drug actions, but will try to review recent biochemical data which have attempted to define the various mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation in this tissue. To date, no unifying hypothesis can be drawn regarding the mechanism(s) of regulation as can be done for other muscle tissue.
Derrida, Husserl, and the Commentators: Introducing a Developmental Approach

This article argues that only a developmental approach-one that views Derrida's 1967 work on Husserl, La Voix et la phenomene, in light of Derrida's three earlier encounters with Husserl's work and recognizes significant differences among them-is able to resolve the bitter controversy that has lately surrounded Derrida's Husserl interpretation. After first reviewing the impasse reached in these debates, the need for "a new hermeneutics of deconstruction" is set out, and, then, the reasons why strong development has been rejected internal to Derrida's corpus are discussed. After this, in a discussion of interest with respect to Husserl's own late teachings, as well as Derrida's standpoint, this article focuses on Derrida's 1962 "Introduction to Husserl's Origin." Against the prevailing interpretation, an argument is made showing that Derrida is much closer to Husserl's own positions than has been suspected, most importantly, in section VII of the "Introduction" where the theme of writing is first introduced. Thanks to this, that significant development in Derrida's thought does take place between 1962 and 1967 is demonstrated-and the present piece concludes by providing a brief sketch of the development of deconstruction overall as it came about through Derrida's repeated encounters with Husserlian phenomenology in the years 1954–67.
The psychology of vegetarianism: Recent advances and future directions

Whereas vegetarianism has long garnered attention from nutritional science and philosophy, psychological research exploring this eating behavior has emerged only in the past few decades. Six years ago, Ruby (2012) reviewed the extant literature on the psychology of vegetarianism, showcasing its promise as "a blossoming field of study." In the time since, this line of research truly has blossomed, as subsequent work has addressed prior knowledge gaps and initiated new lines of inquiry. While evidence on previously studied topics of dietary motivation, moral values, gender, differences between vegetarians and vegans, barriers to dietary change, and disordered eating has continued to expand, new lines of research on identity, social experiences, flexitarianism, culture, and prospective vegetarianism have emerged. Recent psychometric advancements, moreover, have constructed useful measures to assess relevant constructs. The current review synthesizes this amalgam of research, identifying emergent themes and highlighting promising directions for future inquiry.
Blockchain, Law, and Business Supply Chains: The Need for Governance and Legal Frameworks to Achieve Sustainability

Blockchain technology has been hailed as the next disruptive leap forward in data sciences. Most legal scholarship related to the topic has focused on its relevance to finance, but it could revolutionize business supply chains. Specifically, blockchain-enabled solutions are expected to improve the reliability of data related to supply chains and to help businesses eliminate waste and harms to people and the environment. Despite the hype, this paper will explain why the promise of distributed electronic ledgers will only be realized in the context of effective governance and legal frameworks. Another goal of this paper is to identify the weaknesses of blockchain technology in the context of supply chains and its vaunted potential to help firms reduce harms. This paper will highlight the risk of placing blind faith in the technology as far as outcomes. Achieving true sustainability through the use of blockchain-enabled solutions—reducing or entirely eliminating the damaging side effects of business—is, again, a question of private and public governance: it requires a shift of mindset and deliberately setting and enforcing ambitious and measurable outcomes. Blockchain only matters, therefore, to the extent that it is coupled with meaningful goals and enabling frameworks of law.
Incentive Contracts, Adverse Selection, and Risk Transfer: Evidence from Procurement

Multi-attribute auctions, designed to address multi-dimensional preference, make a good case study where incentive provisions interact with competition. By studying "Cost Time" highway procurement that aims to incentivize timely project delivery, we show that awarding incentive contracts by bidding mechanisms can yield sub-optimal outcomes. Our theory demonstrates that bidders, facing high-powered incentives and production uncertainty, optimally skew their time bids while transferring production risk to buying agencies. This gaming behavior leads to adverse selection and efficiency loss, in that a less-efficient bidder can outbid the efficient bidder due to the misalignment between bidder types and the auction rule that determines winners. We estimate our model using data from the California Department of Transportation and find that 18% of auctions are allocated to inefficient bidders. Counterfactual analyses suggest that procurement schemes with lower incentives can yield less mis-allocation with lower production costs and less buyer budget pressure.
Cost Effectiveness of Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccination in College-Aged Young Adults.

Introduction Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is the most common form of meningococcal infection in young adults in the U.S. Vaccines have recently become available, but it is not clear that the benefits outweigh the costs. The purpose of this study was to assess cost effectiveness and determine potentially favorable conditions for universal vaccination. Methods Costs and benefits of universal vaccination at college entry versus no universal vaccination with an outbreak response were estimated in 2018 in the context of a mid-sized U.S.-based 4-year college from both a health sector and a societal perspective. Probability, cost, and utility data were obtained from the published literature. Costs (2015 U.S.$) and benefits were discounted at 3%. One-way and multivariable probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed including variations in the specific vaccine used. Further testing of the model's parameters at extremes was used to identify favorable conditions for universal vaccination. Results The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained with universal vaccination was $13.9 million under the health sector perspective and $13.8 million under the societal perspective, each perspective was compared with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life year. Multivariable probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that universal vaccination was not the preferred strategy for Conclusions This study demonstrates that universal vaccination at college entry is not cost effective. The rarity of N. meningitidis serogroup B contributes to the lack of cost effectiveness for universal vaccination.
Investigation of CoCrMo material loss in a novel bio-tribometer designed to study direct cell reaction to wear and corrosion products

Abstract Wear and corrosion in total hip replacement negatively impact implant service-life and patient well-being. The aim of this study was to generate a statistical response surface of material loss using an apparatus, capable of testing the effect of wear and corrosion products in situ on cells, such as macrophages. The test chamber of a ball-on-flat tribometer operating inside a CO2 incubator was integrated with an electrochemical setup and adapted for cell culture work. A 20-test series, following a 2-level 3-factor design of experiments, was performed with a ceramic head in reciprocating rotational motion against a CoCrMo-alloy disc, under constant load. The lubricant was cell culture medium (RPMI-1640 + 10 vol% bovine serum). Response surfaces were generated, which statistically showed the influence of motion amplitude, load, and potential on the total mass loss and wear scar volume of the metallic discs. Potential had the highest impact on the total mass loss, while motion amplitude and load significantly influenced the wear scar volume. The concentrations of the alloy elements found in the lubricants reflected the bulk-alloy stoichiometry. The total concentration of Co released into the lubricant (2.3–63 ppm by total mass loss, 1.5 to 62 ppm by ICP-MS) corresponded well with the known range to trigger cell response. Tribocorrosion tests in the presence of cells and tissues, such as macrophages, lymphocytes and/or synovium, will be carried out in the future.
Transformation in the Nurse-Patient Dyad or the Caregiver-Patient Dyad

Dependent nursing practice is following the doctor’s orders for medications, treatments, diet, activity, tests, etc. We ensure that the medical treatment is given.Shared practice is when the doctor is giving us parameters but leaves us to make judgments, as well. One example is giving medications “as needed” or titrating vasoactive medications in the intensive care unit according to blood pressure.Independent practice is what we do in our own scope of practice. What do we do with and for patients for which we do not need an order?
Ballistic Response of a FCC-B2 Eutectic AlCoCrFeNi2.1 High Entropy Alloy

An AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA), comprising of FCC phase and a high volume fraction of plate and irregularly shaped BCC-ordered intermetallic B2 domains, was subjected to normal impact by spherical Tungsten–Carbide projectiles. Depending on projectile velocity, the impacted AlCoCrFeNi2.1 plates were partially penetrated (at the lowest velocity of 803 m/s), plugged (intermediate velocity of 1159 m/s), and fully penetrated (highest velocity of 1388 m/s). Electron microscopy was utilized to characterize the residual damage or deformation features in the recovered specimens. Failure in the partially penetrated conditions was dominated by interfacial decohesion at the plate-like B2 and FCC interfaces. At higher velocities where plugging occurred, failure was dominated by crack formation in regions containing adiabatic shear band. These results indicated a transition in failure modes as a function of projectile velocities, where the FCC-B2 microstructure dominate failure at lower velocities, while such microstructural features do not influence dynamic failure at higher velocities.
Prescription Opioid Use in General and Pediatric Emergency Departments.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent evidence reveals that exposure to emergency department (ED) opioids is associated with a higher risk of misuse. Pediatric EDs are generally thought to provide the highest-quality care for young persons, but most children are treated in general EDs. We sought to determine if ED opioid administration and prescribing vary between pediatric and general EDs. METHODS: We analyzed the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2006–2015), a representative survey of ED visits, by using multivariate logistic regressions. Outcomes of interest were the proportion of patients ≤25 years of age who (1) were administered an opioid in the ED, (2) were given a prescription for an opioid, or (3) were given a prescription for a nonopioid analgesic. The key predictor variable was ED type. A secondary analysis was conducted on the subpopulation of patients with a diagnosis of fracture or dislocation. RESULTS: Of patients ≤25 years of age, 91.1% were treated in general EDs. The odds of being administered an opioid in the ED were similar in pediatric versus general EDs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–1.27; P = .49). Patients seen in pediatric EDs were less likely to receive an outpatient prescription for opioids (adjusted OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.27–0.52; P CONCLUSIONS: Although children, adolescents, and young adults had similar odds of being administered opioids while in the ED, they were much less likely to receive an opioid prescription from a pediatric ED compared with a general ED.
Ovariectomy Activates Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Mediated by Memory T Cells, Which Promotes Osteoporosis in Mice

The loss of estrogen (E2 ) initiates a rapid phase of bone loss leading to osteoporosis in one-half of postmenopausal women, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show for the first time how loss of E2 activates low-grade inflammation to promote the acute phase of bone catabolic activity in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. E2 regulates the abundance of dendritic cells (DCs) that express IL-7 and IL-15 by inducing the Fas ligand (FasL) and apoptosis of the DC. In the absence of E2 , DCs become long-lived, leading to increased IL-7 and IL-15. We find that IL-7 and IL-15 together, but not alone, induced antigen-independent production of IL-17A and TNFα in a subset of memory T cells (TMEM ). OVX of mice with T-cell-specific ablation of IL15RA showed no IL-17A and TNFα expression, and no increase in bone resorption or bone loss, confirming the role of IL-15 in activating the TMEM and the need for inflammation. Our results provide a new mechanism by which E2 regulates the immune system, and how menopause leads to osteoporosis. The low-grade inflammation is likely to cause or contribute to other comorbidities observed postmenopause. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Concomitant Filled Prescriptions of Oxymorphone or Oxycodone with CYP3A Inhibitors and Inducers.

BACKGROUND: Oxymorphone’s metabolism does not involve the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. The effect of this pharmacokinetic feature of oxymorphone on opioid prescribing is unknown. OBJECTIVE...
Early-Stage Venture Incubation and Mentoring Promote Learning, Scaling, and Profitability Among Disadvantaged Entrepreneurs

Socially and educationally disadvantaged entrepreneurs often lack the knowledge and prior experience to develop and scale their businesses. Owing to limited educational and employment opportunities...
Contrasting regional variability of buried meltwater extent over 2 years across the Greenland Ice Sheet

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) rapid mass loss is primarily driven by an increase in meltwater runoff, which highlights the importance of understanding the formation, evolution, and impact of meltwater features on the ice sheet. Buried lakes are meltwater features that contain liquid water and exist under layers of snow, firn, and/or ice. These lakes are invisible in optical imagery, challenging the analysis of their evolution and implication for larger GrIS dynamics and mass change. Here, we present a method that uses a convolutional neural network, a deep learning method, to automatically detect buried lakes across the GrIS. For the years 2018 and 2019 (which represent low- and high-melt years, respectively), we compare total areal extent of both buried and surface lakes across six regions, and we use a regional climate model to explain the spatial and temporal differences. We find that the total buried lake extent after the 2019 melt season is 56 % larger than after the 2018 melt season across the entire ice sheet. Northern Greenland has the largest increase in buried lake extent after the 2019 melt season, which we attribute to late-summer surface melt and high autumn temperatures. We also provide evidence that different processes are responsible for buried lake formation in different regions of the ice sheet. For example, in southwest Greenland, buried lakes often appear on the surface during the previous melt season, indicating that these meltwater features form when surface lakes partially freeze and become insulated as snowfall buries them. Conversely, in southeast Greenland, most buried lakes never appear on the surface, indicating that these features may form due to downward percolation of meltwater and/or subsurface penetration of shortwave radiation. We provide support for these processes via the use of a physics-based snow model. This study provides additional perspective on the potential role of meltwater on GrIS dynamics and mass loss.
Mapping Indigenous Land: Native Land Grants in Colonial New Spain: By ANA PULIDORULL. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2020. X+ 258 pp., maps, illustrations, bibliography, and index. $45.00 (HB). ISBN 9780806164960.

In Mapping Indigenous Land, Ana Pulido Rull, Associate Professor of Latin American Art History at the University of Arkansas, analyzes a collection of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maps drawn ...
Evolving Concepts in the Management of Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability exists on a spectrum ranging from subtle subluxation and pain to dislocation and can be the result of a traumatic event or repetitive microtrauma. Shoulder instability can result in significant disability and often requires surgical intervention, especially amongst younger, active patient populations. The optimal treatment of shoulder instability depends on the degree of instability and concomitant pathology involving the labrum, capsule, and bony anatomy of the glenoid and humeral head. Even with surgical intervention, recurrent instability remains a relatively common and difficult problem to address. With a focus on anterior instability, the purpose of this review article is to discuss the current assessment and treatment of shoulder instability, and highlight current and future treatment modalities, as well as to identify current trends and deficiencies in our current management. We also provide an algorithm for the surgical treatment of anterior shoulder instability. Literature databases were extensively searched for recent articles related to the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of shoulder instability to comprise a comprehensive review. Although there are multiple treatment modalities available for shoulder instability, such as nonoperative management, open and arthroscopic Bankart repair, Latarjet procedures, and remplissage, orthopaedic surgeons continue to learn about the most appropriate method of management as increasing long-term outcomes become available.