cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signalling, student identities, and college access: a proposed conceptual model of college choice and going

Relying on a multitude of studies from the college choice literature, I propose an updated model of college going and choice that draws on four conceptual, theoretical, and analytic approaches. With guidance from the economic, sociological, information processing, and combined theories of college choice, I situate my proposed framework within this extant literature to provide some direction and formal conceptualization of the role that signalling and identity play with regard to college access. In addition to understanding students’ identities within typical utility models, this essay also attempts to carefully consider both the explicit and implicit assumptions about valued identity categories (insiders) and those that are less valued (outsiders) in the college going and choice process. Finally, through deliberate examination of how signals are sent to students and the acquisition of signals (credentials) by students, I consider how this relays information about which identities are valued by higher education socially, and by specific institutions in particular. In so doing, I feel that I have laid a foundation for future work that carefully ties philosophical and public good notions back to the college choice process and to higher education’s underlying ethos of service in the public interest.
Retroperitoneal Anatomy: A Guide to Laparoscopic Pelvic Sidewall Dissection

Video Objective This educational video reviews the important retroperitoneal anatomy of the pelvic sidewall, including the ureter, the uterine artery as it emanates from the internal iliac artery, and the pararectal and paravesical spaces. Setting Knowledge of retroperitoneal anatomy and the ability to safely explore the pelvic sidewall are essential skills for any gynecologic surgeon. Interventions A simple schematic is shown to demonstrate the anatomic relationship between important retroperitoneal structures. Then, a surgical video is presented to demonstrate the same anatomy in an actual case. Conclusion This video presents the essential retroperitoneal anatomy of the pelvic sidewall in a clear manner, and demonstrates a simple technique for laparoscopically identifying these structures.
Survival After Resection of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Sarcoma Liver Metastases in 146 Patients.

Background We investigated outcomes by primary tumor type in patients who underwent resection of liver metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), leiomyosarcomas, and other sarcomas.
Bacterial stability with freezer storage of human milk.

Objectives Human milk supports the development of a beneficial newborn intestinal microflora. We have shown previously that human milk had reduced bacteria but unchanged nutrient composition when stored at -20 °C for up to nine months. We suspected declining bacterial colony counts were manifestations of bacterial dormancy and not failure of survival. We investigated differences in selected bacterial colony counts (lactobacillus, bifidobacteria, staphylococcus, streptococcus and enterococcus) in human milk stored for 2 and 12 weeks at -20 °C in either manual or automatic defrost freezers and whether reduced bacterial counts at 12 weeks were the result of dormancy or failure of survival. Methods Freshly expressed milk was obtained from mothers in the NICU, divided into aliquots and stored for 2 and 12 weeks at -20 °C in either automatic or manual defrost freezers. Subsequently, duplicate aliquots, one thawed and the other thawed and maintained at room temperature for 4 h, were plated to assess bacterial colony counts. Results Significant declines in bacterial colony counts were seen from 2 to 12 weeks freezer storage for all bacteria. There were no differences in colony counts between freezer types. Once thawed, no further bacterial growth occurred. Conclusions Short-term freezer storage for 12 weeks resulted bacterial killing. Type of freezer used for storage did not have an impact on bacterial survival. It is unknown whether the paucity of important probiotic bacteria in stored human milk has adverse effects on infants.
Realizing Suleimanova-type Spectra via Permutative Matrices

A permutative matrix is a square matrix such that every row is a permutation of the first row. A constructive version of a result attributed to SuleEA±manova is given via permutative matrices. A well-known result is strenghthened by showing that all realizable spectra containing at most four elements can be realized by a permutative matrix or by a direct sum of permutative matrices. The paper concludes by posing a problem.
Effect of Mint, Potato and Other Previous Rotational Crops on Potato Yields in the Columbia Basin of Oregon

The effect of immediate previous rotational crops (alfalfa, corn, mint, onion and wheat) on total yields of five potato cultivars (Alturas, Premier Russet, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Umatilla Russet) in the Columbia Basin of Oregon was investigated using 9 years of data from a commercial farm. Yields from 336 potato crops grown in 171 fields between 2004 and 2012 were subjected to analysis of variance. The effect of the previous rotational crop was not significant (P = 0.20) but a significant effect of cultivar (P < 0.0001) on yield was observed, with Alturas (89 ± 9 t ha−1) and Premier Russet (87 ± 7 t ha−1) exhibiting significantly higher yields than Russet Burbank (70 ± 6 t ha−1). The effects of the number of potato crops in the field history and the number of years rotated out of potato varied among cultivars. The effects of field and year were significant (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that factors such as cultivar, field characteristics and annual growing conditions affect yield more than the immediate previous crop in high-input Columbia Basin potato production systems where best management practices are routinely implemented. Data support the sustainability of potato production in the region.
Observation of Quasiparticle Pair Production and Quantum Entanglement in Atomic Quantum Gases Quenched to an Attractive Interaction.

We report observations of quasiparticle pair production by a modulational instability in an atomic superfluid and present a measurement technique that enables direct characterization of quasiparticle quantum entanglement. By quenching the atomic interaction to attractive and then back to weakly repulsive, we produce correlated quasiparticles and monitor their evolution in a superfluid through evaluating the in situ density noise power spectrum, which essentially measures a ``homodyne'' interference between ground-state atoms and quasiparticles of opposite momenta. We observe large amplitude growth in the power spectrum and subsequent coherent oscillations in a wide spatial frequency band within our resolution limit, demonstrating coherent quasiparticle generation and evolution. The spectrum is observed to oscillate below a quantum limit set by the Peres-Horodecki separability criterion of continuous-variable states, thereby confirming quantum entanglement between interaction quench-induced quasiparticles.
Pathogenicity of Salmonella gallinarum After Metabolic Injury by Freezing

Freezing (-75 C) and storage (-20 C) of a cell suspension of Salmonella gallinarum resulted in a heterogeneous population of dead, metabolically injured, and unharmed cells. Injured cells constituted as much as 40% of those surviving freezing and storage for 1 day. Replica plating of frozen and thawed cells indicated metabolic injury was repairable and not a stable mutation. Penicillin was used to increase the ratio of injured to uninjured cells from a frozen and thawed cell suspension. Pathogenicity was evaluated by observing per cent mortality after injecting injured or uninjured cells into separate sets of chicks. Mortality differences between wholly uninjured and predominantly injured populations were small and consistent (5% level) with a hypothesis of no difference.
Left ventricular hypertrophy in coronary artery disease: A cardiomyopathy syndrome following myocardial infarction

Abstract Eighty-five patients with ventricular dysfunction due to coronary disease and to nonobstructive cardiomyopathy were studied by biplane angiocardiography (12/sec) to determine the extent of hypertrophy and the distinguishing features between primary myocardial and coronary disease. Patients with cardiomyopathy and equally severe dysfunction due to coronary disease had identical end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volume and work per square meter, stroke work per gram of ventricular mass, end-diastolic pressure, peak equatorial wall stress, ejection fraction, peak circumferential shortening velocity, peak ventricular ejection rate, peak external pump power, left ventricular mass and mass to diastolic volume ratio. Hypertrophy develops after myocardial infarction in proportion to ventricular dilatation and may result in a syndrome of massive hypertrophy, hypokinesis and congestive failure quantitatively identical to that found in primary cardiomyopathy except for etiology. Hypertrophy is associated with normalization of wall stress in both coronary and primary myocardial disease and is thus not dependent on the type of insult to the contractile mechanism.
Density-functional theory of atoms and molecules

Current studies in density functional theory and density matrix functional theory are reviewed, with special attention to the possible applications within chemistry. Topics discussed include the concept of electronegativity, the concept of an atom in a molecule, calculation of electronegativities from the Xα method, the concept of pressure, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Maxwell relations, stability conditions, and local density functional theory.
On the homogeneous Hilbert problem for effecting Kinnersley-Chitre transformations

For each real number zo, the multiplicative group of all 2 x 2 unimodular matrix functions v(τ) of a complex variable τ which are holomorphic at zo and are real for real τ is a realization of the Geroch group; the union of these realizations is denoted by K(R). The HHP (homogeneous Hilbert problem) of Hauser and Ernst is given an advantageous reformulation which employs K(R) and which dispenses with the use of contours. The use of and the potentials which occur in the HHP are discussed. A complex extension K(C) of K(R) is introduced by dropping the reality conditions, n-parameter families of members of K(C) are discussed and examples of analytic continuation in the complex parameter space are given.Some basic solutions of the HHP are reviewed; in particular an alternative form and derivation of Cosgrove's solution for the double Harrison family are given.
An Analysis of Language Development Materials

With an estimated 85% of the curricula in American schools reflective of decisions made by publishers of educational materials, it is important that bilingual/E.S.L. educators understand and clearly assess the nature and influence of these commercial products on their programs. This study examines the collective nature of selected language development materials and compares it with the judgment of educators on language use in natural communicative contexts.
As great as all outdoors: A study of outdoor spaces as a neglected resource for nursing home residents

Abstract Purpose. Previously, most information on outdoor amenities in nursing homes and the use of outdoor space by nursing home residents has been anecdotal. Using data collected from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) study on Quality of Life (QOL), this paper describes the availability of outdoor amenities in 40 nursing homes and the resident's perception of their use of that space. Design and Methods. Resident data were collected from nineteen hundred and eighty-eight residents in 131 nursing units in 40 nursing homes located in 5 states on a broad array of topics including how often they get outdoors and if that amount was as much as they want, too much, or not enough. For each of those nineteen hundred and eighty-eight residents, staff was questioned on how often the resident participated in planned outdoor activities. Environmental data were collected using theoretically-derived observational tools that were developed to observe in detail the physical environments experienced by t...
Both Definitions of Save

Another nostalgic vignette with a grandmother canning?in this case, Nettie. It's 1960. Fm twelve. She has one year to live. You'd never guess it: her hair done up in a durable Old World bun, her hands in their finicky repetitions. Everything's sure and fluid; the gnarls and florets she's pick ling in viscous brine are one with the movement that lifts and deposits them. A garnet peel of beet, an inbunched.clump of cauliflower, slices, slices: cameos and medallions. She incorporates a flicked taste into her rhythm. She hums some mouthful Old World mutter-of-a-song, and this scene is so seamlessly one piece that, finally, these twisted and whiskery vege table nibbles can't be told apart from, are, the Yiddish on her tongue. It takes her back. I'm only twelve, and maybe not the sharpest twelve at that, but I can see the wings and gutturals of her song reverse the current, take that kitchen and its passenger and soften all of their borders by fifty some years. She touches the locket around her neck ?a curl of his hair inside. She might be waiting to hear him fumble open the door, it's eve ning, he's home from a twelve-hour hell-day of ghetto peddling, eager to rest in her flesh . . .
The Design of Platoon Maneuvers for IVHS

The use of control and communication technologies in vehicles and in the highway in the form of an Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System or IVHS is an approach that promises to increase capacity without building new roads. Our context is an IVHS system in which traffic is organized in platoons of very closely spaced cars under automatic control. We consider the design of three maneuvers that platoons must undertake: merging (of two platoons into one), splitting (of one platoon into two), and changing lanes. Because of space limitations, only merge is discussed in detail.
Kriging Versus Alternative Interpolators: Errors and Sensitivity to Model Inputs

This study deals with interpolations through time and space. Two data sets are utilized, soil water content values at the 25 cm depth for a 45 hectare and an artificially-generated set of random but spatially correlated values. Interpolators include punctual kriging, a nonparametric estimator and co-kriging. Results show that although the model parameters depicting spatial interdependence (such as range and sill for a variogram) are highly dependent on the sample, the interpolations resulting from use of such models are not very sensitive to the model parameters. Co-kriging predictions were shown to be effective by using moisture content values for two different times as covariates. Additionally, an example illustrates the variogram for moisture content measured at one time can be adjusted and used for interpolations at a second time.
The value of being wrong: Intermittent feedback delivery alters the striatal response to negative feedback

Whereas positive feedback is both rewarding and informative, negative feedback can be construed as either punishing because it is indicative of poor performance or informative because it may lead to goal attainment. In this neuroimaging experiment, we highlighted the informational value of negative feedback by intermixing trials with and without feedback. When performance feedback is expected, positive feedback triggers an increase in striatal activity, whereas negative feedback elicits a decrease in striatal activity. We predicted that, in contrast, when feedback receipt is unpredictable, the striatal response to negative feedback would increase. Participants performed a paired-associate learning task during fMRI scanning. In one condition "blocked feedback", the receipt of feedback was predictable-participants knew whether or not they would receive feedback for their responses. In another condition "mixed feedback", the receipt of feedback was unpredictable-on a random 50% of trials, participants received feedback, and they otherwise received no feedback. Negative feedback in the mixed feedback condition elicited more striatal activity than negative feedback in the blocked feedback condition. In contrast, feedback omission evoked more striatal activity when feedback delivery was expected, compared to when it was unpredictable. This pattern emerged from an increase in caudate activity in response to negative feedback in the mixed feedback condition and a decrease in ventral striatal activity in response to no feedback in this condition. These results suggest that, by emphasizing the informational value of negative feedback, an unpredictable feedback context alters the striatal response to negative feedback and to the omission of feedback.
Asymmetric turbulent boundary layers along long thin circular cylinders at low-Re

Notable deviations of the asymmetric turbulent boundary layer (TBL) statistics from their axisymmetric counterpart along long thin circular cylinders are vitally important to the naval and oceanographic jurisdictions. Although the available experimental evidence backs their concern, the realm of parametric variability (both geometric and kinematic) is extremely limited to draw solid conclusions. We know that only small misalignments which quantify less than one degree of incidence between the freestream and the straight cylinder axis can substantially alter the boundary layer thicknesses, mean axial velocity, and Reynolds stresses. But the statistical database is plainly inadequate to justify modifying the design tools that were founded solely for axisymmetric flow conditions. Herein, we begin rectifying this drawback by numerical means. The investigation centers on low turbulent Reynolds numbers (500 ≤ Rea ≤ 2500) and small angles-of-incidence (0° 2°, all turbulent statistics of the asymmetric boundary layer were measurably dissimilar to those of the axisymmetric state.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is a Glycoprotein

A commercial preparation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subjected to PAGE analysis under both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions. The enzyme, identified by both activity staining and anti-yeast G6PD antibody immunoblotting, was shown to contain carbohydrate using the highly specific periodate-digoxigenin antidigoxigenin method which is diagnostic for glycoproteins.
Detection and purification of a catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1

A catalase-peroxidase from Mycobacterium sp. Pyr-1, a strain capable of growth on pyrene, was purified to homogeneity by anion exchange and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The enzyme, like the M. tuberculosis T-catalase, reduced nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of isoniazid (INH) and H2O2. It also oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine and other substrates of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis in the presence of either tert-butyl hydroperoxide or H2O2. It had a UV/visible absorption spectrum (Soret peak at 406 nm) similar to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. tuberculosis (Soret peak at 408 nm) and identical to that of the catalase-peroxidase of M. smegmatis. After electrophoresis on non-denaturing gels the enzyme showed one single protein band with both catalase and peroxidase activity, which were lost after electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was inhibited by sodium azide, glutathione, 2-mercaptoethanol, and isoniazid, but not by isonicotinic acid. The optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 4.5 and at 25°C.
Multiple myeloma: genome sequencing, drug development and the future outlook

Interview by Jonathan Patience, Commissioning Editor Keith Stewart is the Dean for Research at Mayo Clinic (AZ, USA). He holds the Vasek and Anna Maria Polak Endowed Professorship in Cancer Research. He received his medical degree at Aberdeen University Medical School and trained in internal medicine and hematology in Glasgow, Kingston, Toronto and Boston. He was a consultant at the Toronto General and Princess Margaret Hospitals from 1992 to 2005 and a Professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto. He joined Mayo Clinic in Arizona in 2005. His lab-based research has focused on the genomics and developmental therapeutics of multiple myeloma. He has led numerous clinical trials from ‘first in man’, through to large international Phase III studies. Funding for his research includes the National Cancer Institute, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) and the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF). In addition, he is an associate editor of Blood, the journal of the American Society ...
Warfarin-induced skin necrosis treated with protein C concentrate (human).

Purpose A case of warfarin-induced skin necrosis (WISN) treated with protein C concentrate (human) is reported. Summary A 46-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to the hospital for a herpes viral infection complicated by neutropenic fevers of unknown origin. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated, as well as enoxaparin for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis. By hospital day 7, the patient’s platelets decreased by 50%; by hospital day 8, they decreased another 50%. A test for heparin antibody was positive, and enoxaparin was stopped. Two days later, the patient developed a clot in her peripherally inserted central catheter, and warfarin and argatroban were initiated. Within 24 hours of warfarin initiation, the patient developed swelling in her feet and new lesions on her inner thigh, buttock, face, feet, fingers, and arms. She was treated with phytonadi-one and fresh frozen plasma, but these treatments failed to slow the progression of her lesions, which had turned to necrotic tissue. WISN was suspected, and warfarin therapy was discontinued after three doses. After a consultation with a hematologist, treatment with protein C concentrate (human) was initiated. Within 24 hours of treatment with this product, progression of necrosis stopped, and the patient’s respiratory failure resolved. The patient underwent multiple skin grafts, and the lesions healed without extensive scarring. She experienced no adverse effects with the administration of protein C concentrate (human). Conclusion A patient with WISN was treated with protein C concentrate (human) with overall good results and no adverse effects.
Antenna-Scattering Measurements by Modulation of the Scatterer

An indoor method for measuring the radar cross section of objects by modulating the position of the object is described. The use of synchronous detection and employment of a substitution technique wherein the scattering from an object under test and a known object are measured and compared simultaneously reduce measurement error to ±2 per cent. The characteristics of the system are discussed, and its advantages and limitations are compared with other systems. Measured curves for the back-scattering cross-section of dipoles for lengths from 0.4? to 1.6? show good agreement with other published theoretical and experimental curves. Methods for measuring back-scattering and off-angle scattering from irregular objects by extension of this technique are indicated.
On dual Schur domain decomposition method for linear first-order transient problems

This paper addresses some numerical and theoretical aspects of dual Schur domain decomposition methods for linear first-order transient partial differential equations. The spatially discrete system of equations resulting from a dual Schur domain decomposition method can be expressed as a system of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). In this work, we consider the trapezoidal family of schemes for integrating the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for each subdomain and present four different coupling methods, corresponding to different algebraic constraints, for enforcing kinematic continuity on the interface between the subdomains. Unlike the continuous formulation, the discretized formulation of the transient problem is unable to enforce simultaneously the continuity of both the primary variable and its rate along the subdomain interface (except for the backward Euler method). Method 1 (d-continuity) is based on the conventional approach using continuity of the primary variable and we show that this method is unstable for a lot of commonly used time integrators including the mid-point rule. To alleviate this difficulty, we propose a new Method 2 (modified d-continuity) and prove its stability for coupling all time integrators in the trapezoidal family (except the forward Euler). Method 3 (v-continuity) is based on enforcing the continuity of the time derivative of the primary variable. However, this constraint introduces a drift in the primary variable on the interface. We present Method 4 (Baumgarte stabilized) which uses Baumgarte stabilization to limit this drift and we derive bounds for the stabilization parameter to ensure stability. Our stability analysis is based on the ''energy'' method, and one of the main contributions of this paper is the extension of the energy method (which was previously introduced in the context of numerical methods for ODEs) to assess the stability of numerical formulations for index-2 differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Finally, we present numerical examples to corroborate our theoretical predictions.
High-density allelotype of the commonly studied gastric cancer cell lines.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer throughout the world, and studies to elucidate the genetic defects found in this type of cancer are growing in number. Increasingly sophisticated techniques and the sequencing of the human genome have had an impact on the scope of such studies. While the use of tumor specimens remains popular, more emphasis is being placed on cell lines as model systems where specific data can be directly combined with results from other studies. This article describes a genetic survey of the most widely used gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. The allelotype at 351 polymorphic loci in 14 cell lines was obtained, and the results from the 4,900 polymerase chain reactions are displayed. In addition to confirming loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arms 6p, 7q, 17p, and 18, additional deletions on arm 5p and the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 10 were detected. Areas that might contain homozygous deletions or amplifications also were mapped. The rate of microsatellite instability was quantified and shown to vary greatly among the different cell lines. Most important, this study serves as a genetic scaffold for the integration of past and future studies on the nature of the genetic defects in gastric cancer.
The Ca2+-extruding ATPase of the human platelet creates and responds to cytoplasmic pH changes, consistent with a 2 Ca2+/nH+ exchange mechanism

The Ca2+-extruding ATPase pump of the human platelet was studiedin situ by measuring Ca2+ extrusion from quin2-overloaded platelets (Johansson, J.S., Haynes, D.H. 1988.J. Membrane Biol.104:147–163). Cytoplasmic pH (pHcyt) was measured by BCECF fluorescence in parallel experiments. The pump was studied by raising the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ to 2.5 μM and monitoring active Ca2+ extrusion into a Ca2+-free medium. The pump was shown to perturb pHcyt, to not respond to changes in membrane potential and to respond to imposed changes in pHcyt in a manner consistent with the Ca2+ pump acting as a 2 Ca2+/nH+ exchanger. (i) Raising the external pH (pHext) from 7.40 to 7.60 lowers the Vmax of the pump in basal condition (Vmax,1) from 110±18 to 73±12 μM/min (=μmol/liter cell volume/min). (ii) Lowering pHext to 7.13 raised Vmax,1 to 150±15 μM/min. (iii) In an N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG+) medium, the pump operation against high [Ca2+]cyt acidifies the cytoplasm by −0.36±0.10 pH units, and the pump becomes self-inhibited. (iv) Use of nigericin to drive pHcyt down to 6.23 reduces the Vmax,1 to 18±11 μM/min. (v) Alkalinization of the cytoplasm by monensin in the presence of Na+ raises the Vmax,1 (basal state withKm,1=80 nM) to 136±24 μM/min, but also activates the pump fourfold (Vmax,2=280±28 μM/min;Km,2=502±36 nM). (vi) Transient elevation of pHcyt by NH4Cl at high [Ca2+]cyt activates the pump eightfold (Vmax,2≥671±350 μM/min). The large activation by alkaline pHcyt at high [Ca2+]cyt can be explained by Ca2+-calmodulin activation of the pump (Valant, P.A., Adjei, P.N., Haynes, D.H. 1992.J. Membrane Biol.130:63–82) and by increased Ca2+ affinity of calmodulin at high pH.
Calbindin-D28k Immunoreactivity within the Cholinergic and GABAergic Projection Neurons of the Basal Forebrain

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether the calcium binding protein calbindin-D 28k was present within the cortically projecting basal forebrain neurons of various rodent species not previously examined. Double-label immunocytochemistry was performed using antibodies against calbindin-D 28k and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) to detect the presence of the calcium binding protein within the cholinergic basal forebrain neurons of various species (i.e., humans, rats, mice, gerbils, guinea pigs). Antibodies against calbindin-D 28k , ChAT, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were also used in combination with a cortically injected retrograde tracer (Fluoro-Gold) to determine whether calbindin-D 28k immunoreactive (IR) neurons within the basal forebrain projected to the frontoparietal cortex. The nucleus basalis of rats was examined for the presence of calbindin-D 28k IR within the GABAergic basal forebrain neurons. All species examined had cholinergic, GABAergic, and calbindinergic neurons within the basal forebrain; however, only the cholinergic neurons within the human nucleus basalis of Meynert were also immunoreactive for calbindin-D 28k . Although all rodent species had both cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neurons that contained the Fluoro-Gold dye, none of the calbindin-D 28k IR neurons, detected using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, were found to contain the retrograde tracer. These results indicate that the cortically projecting cholinergic and GABAergic basal forebrain neurons within these rodent species do not contain calbindin-D 28k . Therefore, age- and disease-related loss of nucleus basalis projection neurons may not be mediated by alterations in calbindin-D 28k . Thus, rodents may not serve as an accurate model for either human aging or Alzheimer's disease as calbindin-D 28k is not found within the cortically projecting neurons of rodent species.
Equations for the determination of major regional blood flow in the mammalian fetus with radioactive microspheres

Equations are presented for simultaneous determination of right and left ventricular outputs and ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and upper and lower body flows in the mammalian fetus. The method is a modification of indicator dilution theory as applied to the radioactive microsphere method of blood flow measurement, and can be used repeatedly in any fetus.
Temperature dependency of impedance-based nondestructive testing

Through a series of experiments presented in this paper, the impedance-based non-destructive testing technique can be used to identify damage in laminated composites at low temperature. However, regular piezoceramic patches have been found to be unsuitable for damage detection at cryogenic temperatures. For impedance-based nondestructive testing on composite laminates at true cryogenic environments, the results presented in this paper suggest that an alternative type of actuator based on smart materials should be sought. The piezoceramic transducer for cryogenic environments should be able to produce good impedance measurements at cryogenic temperatures without much noise. The authors are conducting an on-going research program to identify such a material.
The Family as Moral Community: A Social Work Perspective

Social work, while rich in literature about practice with families, has largely ignored the moral dimensions of this work. Conceiving the family as a moral community draws our attention to this neglected dimension. A framework, drawn from the literature on moral behavior, is used to conceptualize the moral life of families. The components are: (1) moral sensitivity - interpreting the situation; (2) moral reasoning - deciding what to do; and (3) moral character - following through and doing what is seen as right. These are offered as conceptual tools for focusing our attention and providing practice direction.
Flow-time performance of modified scheduling heuristics in a dynamic rescheduling environment

A generic, modular simulation model was constructed using the SLAM II discrete event modeling language to investigate the flowtime performance of a job shop. The findings of earlier research using conventional scheduling heuristics were confirmed and used to validate the design of revised AWINQ and MST heuristics. These heuristics were reformulated to take into account the state of the entire job shop at each rescheduling opportunity. Simulation results indicate that the revised heuristics perform better than the conventional SPT heuristic when job load is moderate. At high loads, the SPT rule was the preferred heuristic.
The frozen core approximation in solid state and molecular calculations

Abstract Total energies, from a self-consistent APW calculations on copper, are determined using two choices of core configuration. These energies are compared to the equivalent atomic energies to evaluate the validity of the “frozen” core approximation.
ILLUSORY CORRELATION IN INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION. A COGNITIVE BASIS OF STEREOTYPIC JUDGMENTS.

Illusory correlation refers to an erronous inference about the relationship between categories of events. One postulated basis for illusory correlation is the co-occurrence of events which are statistically infrequent; i.e., obserbers overestimate the frequency of co-occurence of distinctive events. If one group of persons “occurs” less frequently than another and one type of behavior occurs infrequently, then the above hypothesis predicts that observers would overestimate the frequency that that type of behavior was performed by members of that group. This suggested that the differential perception of majority and minority groups could result solely from the cognitive mechanisms involved in processing information about stimulus events that differ in their frequencies of co-occurrences. Results of two experiments testing this line of reasoning provided strong supprt for the hypothesis. Implications of the experiments for the acquisition of stereotypes are discussed.
Floating spherical Gaussian orbital (FSGO) studies with a model potential: Application to two-valence-electron systems

A Gaussian based model potential is used within FSGO formalism to study a series of two-valence-electron diatomics (Li2, Na2, K2, LiH, NaH, KH, MgH+, CaH+, LiNa, LiK and NaK) and triatomic ions (H2Li+, H2Na+, Li2Na+, Na2Li+, Li 3 + , Na 3 + , Li2H+ and Na2H+). Results for calculated equilibrium geometries, force constants, and energy changes for certain chemical reactions are compared to the corresponding quantities from available all-electronab initio studies and experimental results. The predicted results are generally satisfactory.
Feedback Regulation of Pathogen-Specific T Cell Priming

MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation is an essential step in the priming of CD8 T lymphocytes during immune responses to infection. While microbial growth and clearance have been accurately measured in mammalian hosts, the duration of functional antigen presentation during infection remains undefined in vivo. Herein we characterize the activation of naive and memory T cells at different times during bacterial infection. Surprisingly, the host's ability to prime T cells is of much shorter duration than bacterial infection, inversely correlating with the development of pathogen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes. Our studies demonstrate a feedback mechanism that limits the duration of effective in vivo antigen presentation, thereby modulating T cell responses by temporally restricting recruitment of naive T cells into the immune response.
Forecasting Wheat Yields: An Application of Parametric Time Series Modeling

The purpose of this paper is to use a recent development in statisical theory known as parametric modeling to forecast wheat yields in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Argentina. The essence of this approach is that the data are used for identifying and estimating random components in the form of moving average and autoregressive processes. It does not identify and measure structural relationships as is attempted when forecasting with econometric models. Exponential smoothing is also used to forecast yields in the United States and Canada. The Thiel coefficient is then computed to determine the forecasting accuracy of parametric modeling compared with exponential smoothing.
A numerical study of the dynamics of a particle settling at moderate Reynolds numbers in a linearly stratified fluid

In this paper, the transient settling dynamics of a spherical particle sedimenting in a linearly stratified fluid is investigated by performing fully resolved direct numerical simulations. The settling behaviour is quantified for different values of Reynolds, Froude and Prandtl numbers. It is demonstrated that the transient settling dynamics is correlated to the induced Lagrangian drift of flow around the settling particle. A simplified model is provided to predict the maximum velocity of the settling particle in linearly stratified fluids. The peak velocity can be followed by the oscillation of the settling velocity and the particle can even reverse its direction of motion before reaching to its neutrally buoyant level. The frequency of oscillation of settling velocity scales with the Brunt–Vaisala frequency and the motion of the particle can lead to the formation of secondary and tertiary vortices following the primary vortex.
The Marketplace of Ideas

Like many of the accomplishments of software engineering, connecting the grid to a virtual machine is a way of hiding information, of allowing programmers to focus on the task they want to complete and ignore details beyond that task.
Managing multi-customer service level requirements with a simple rationing policy

We consider the problem of managing multi-customer service level requirements when inventory is rationed according to a priority list. We demonstrate that the optimal purchasing quantity for the two-customer problem may be found through a line search. For multi-customer problems, we derive a formula to find a near-optimal purchasing quantity.
Functional classification of drugs by properties of their pairwise interactions

Multidrug treatments are increasingly important in medicine and for probing biological systems. Although many studies have focused on interactions between specific drugs, little is known about the system properties of a full drug interaction network. Like their genetic counterparts, two drugs may have no interaction, or they may interact synergistically or antagonistically to increase or suppress their individual effects. Here we use a sensitive bioluminescence technique to provide quantitative measurements of pairwise interactions among 21 antibiotics that affect growth rate in Escherichia coli. We find that the drug interaction network possesses a special property: it can be separated into classes of drugs such that any two classes interact either purely synergistically or purely antagonistically. These classes correspond directly to the cellular functions affected by the drugs. This network approach provides a new conceptual framework for understanding the functional mechanisms of drugs and their cellular targets and can be applied in systems intractable to mutant screening, biochemistry or microscopy.
Geographic Map of Sustainability in Italian Local Systems

Dallara A. and Rizzi P. Geographic map of sustainability in Italian local systems, Regional Studies. This paper is a quantitative application of the economy–society–environment (ESA) model to Italian provinces. The ESA model is a framework used to describe territorial systems. It is grounded in a theoretical scheme called SEST (socio-economic territorial systems), which connects performances of the local system with socio-economic structure, external economies, public/private strategies, and territorial governance. The ESA model is focused on the three pillars of sustainability: economy, society, and environment. Clusters and rankings are defined and enable a comparison to be made with more homogeneous local systems. An analytical description of the development of the Italian systems is outlined through principal component analysis. Dallara A. et Rizzi P. Une carte geographique de la durabilite des systemes locaux en Italie, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a appliquer de facon quantitative le modele...
Shared personal space: Meeting the needs of multiple users and multiple purposes

Interesting things happen at the edges of our personal workspaces, where our own space butts up against that of others. This panel will focus on the challenges of sharing workspaces – with our families, with our colleagues, and with ourselves across roles, tasks, and locations. In keeping with the conference theme, Thriving on Diversity, the panel will explore both the benefits and challenges of shared workspace.
Understanding CEO pay: A test of two pay-to-performance sensitivity measures with alternative measures of alignment and influence

Abstract This study contributes to the agency and corporate governance literature by: (1) demonstrating that CEO tenure can have a positive relationship to pay-performance sensitivity; (2) providing empirical evidence which illustrates the importance of the choice of compensation measure; and (3) examining alternative measures of influence, as well as alignment of interests, to further explore the competing interpretations of a tenure effect. Our analysis of two data sets emphasizes that the use of total pay—stock and options, as well as salary and bonus—is essential when testing alignment hypotheses with current data, due to the growing trend toward high non-cash rewards in CEO compensation. Our results further suggest that the alignment of interests between the CEO and shareholders is more important in linking pay to performance than CEO influence over the board of directors. We also provide evidence that the percent of stock owned by the CEO may be a better measure of alignment than tenure as CEO. Our analysis failed to support a significant relationship between pay-performance sensitivity and two alternative measures of influence: the CEO also serving as chairman of the board and an insider dominated board of directors.
Evolution and Dynamics of Complex Networks of Coupled Systems

The old adage of “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is prevalent in sociology, zoology, philosophy and in discussion about human relationships, but it is also important in technology. In a sense, engineering is all about creating things that are greater than the sum of their parts by utilizing many simple components. For instance, in mechanics complex machines are built using simple machines such as pulleys and levers, whereas in electrical engineering simple devices such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and transistors are combined into complex electronic circuits. One important aspect here is the emergence of properties of the whole that were not inherent in the parts. This emergence could be spontaneous, as has been speculated about market economies or social networks, or it could be deliberate, as is usually the case in engineering design. In general, there are many parts, but all parts are similar in functionalities to each other (groups of neurons, or groups of people) or they are members of a small number of classes (e.g. simple machines or two terminal electronic devices).
CP VIOLATION IN DECAY RATES OF NEUTRAL B MESONS

Abstract Branching ratios and the partial-decay-rate differences between particle and antiparticle decaying into their corresponding CP-conjugate states for neutral B0d B0s mesons are estimated. If the final state is not a CP eigenstate, CP ilation arises from the interference between the tree amplitude and the penguin diagram. If the final states are CP even, the CP-violating partial rate asymmetry is dominated by CP nonconservation in the B0– B 0 mass matrix. Some of the partial-rate differences are substantial and interesting for experimental observation.
Cache-Efficient Layouts of Bounding Volume Hierarchies

We present a novel algorithm to compute cache-efcient layouts of bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) of polygonal models. Our approach does not make any assumptions about the cache parameters or block sizes of the memory hierarchy. We introduce a new probabilistic model to predict the runtime access patterns of a BVH. Our layout computation algorithm utilizes parent-child and spatial localities between the accessed nodes to reduce both the number of cache misses and the size of the working set. Our algorithm also works well for spatial partitioning hierarchies including kd-trees. We use our algorithm to compute layouts of BVHs and spatial partitioning hierarchies of large models composed of millions of triangles. We compare our cache-efcient layouts with other layouts in the context of collision detection and ray tracing. In our benchmarks, our layouts consistently show better performance over other layouts and improve the performance of these applications by 26%n300% without any modication of the underlying algorithms or runtime applications.
The trauma report nurse: a trauma triage process improvement project.

Introduction Accurate trauma triage is imperative to facilitate appropriate resource mobilization for severely injured trauma patients. A critical window of opportunity exists to prevent secondary injury or death. Timely assessment with a multidisciplinary trauma team is essential to facilitate rapid diagnosis and treatment. However, consistent and accurate trauma triage proved daunting at our institution, resulting in instances of undertriage. Methods A process improvement strategy aimed at improving trauma triage accuracy was implemented. An innovative role, the trauma report nurse (TRN), was created and became the trauma nurse expert. The TRN was responsible for assigning a trauma triage level to all incoming adult and pediatric trauma patients. In parallel, improvements were made to the prehospital report format, increasing standardization and clarifying hand-off verbiage. Results Undertriage rates dropped from 14% to 4.8%. Qualitative data demonstrated acceptance and support of the TRN role among physicians, nurses and nursing and ancillary staff. Discussion Designating trauma triage to an ED registered nurse proved to reduce undertriage rates. By providing staff education, infrastructure improvements, and leadership support, the role continues to thrive, resulting in improved care for severely injured trauma patients.
Athletic Training: Health Care Delivery in Athletics

(1982). Athletic Training: Health Care Delivery in Athletics. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 32-33.