cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approach motivation and the expansion of self in close relationships

The self-expansion model posits that individuals are fundamentally motivated to expand their sense of self. It is proposed that approach—but not avoidance—motivation underlies self-expansion and that approach-motivated individuals should be especially interested in self-expanding with a person who provides many novel resources, identities, and perspectives. In Studies 1, 2a, and 2b, correlational evidence that self-expansion is associated with both relationship-specific and global measures of approach motivation, but is unrelated to avoidance motivation, was found. In Study 3, experimental evidence that approach motivation increases sensitivity to self-expansion opportunities, such that individuals high in approach motivation are especially attracted to targets who offer many expansion opportunities and unattracted to targets who offer few expansion opportunities was found. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that self-expansion is rooted in approach motivation. When individuals meet new potential romantic partners, why do some of these interactions progress and form romantic relationships (or friendships), whereas others fizzle out shortly after the conversation ends? Previous research has identified numerous variables that are important to relationship formation, including (but not limited to) geographic proximity (Festinger, Schachter, & Back, 1950), similarity (Berscheid & Reis, 1998), and physical attractiveness (Walster, Aronson, Abrahams, & Rottman, 1966). In the current research, we use a combination of correlational and experimental methods to test two additional factors that we propose are of central importance: individuals’ level of approach motivation and
The role of cultural forms in tangible interaction design

I suggest an approach to tangible interaction design that builds on social and cultural foundations. Specifically, I propose that designers can evoke cultural forms as a means to tap into users' existing cognitive, physical, and emotional resources. The emphasis is less on improving the usability of an interface and more on improving the overall experience around an interactive artifact by cueing productive patterns of social activity. My use of the term cultural form is derived from the work of Geoffrey Saxe and his form-function shift framework. This framework describes a process through which individuals appropriate cultural forms and restructure them to serve new functions in light of shifting goals and expectations. I describe Saxe's framework and then illustrate the use of cultural forms in design with three examples.
Genetic Diversity in Seven Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) Cultivars Based on SSR Markers

An essential prerequisite to cultivar identification is to determine whether cultivars are differentiated genetically. We investigated genetic diversity among and within seven perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (Loretta, Linn, Manhattan II, Affinity, Jet, Pennfine, and Palmer III) using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, with the goal of determining whether cultivars could be differentiated on the basis of genetic data. In each cultivar we genotyped 30 individuals with 22 SSR markers, 18 of which had not been reported previously. Our results indicated that each of the seven cultivars contained high but similar levels of genetic diversity. Within cultivar heterozygosity ranged from 0.589 to 0.643. The cultivars could be distinguished by a number of statistical criteria, including: (i) a small but significant proportion (14.6%) of among-cultivar genetic variation, based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA); (ii) significant between cultivar F(ST) values that ranged from 0.065 to 0.197; (iii) separation of individuals in principal component analysis (PCA); and (iv) correct identification of individuals by the genotype assignment test, which is related to discriminant analysis. The genotype assignment test worked particularly well; it correctly assigned all 210 individuals to their cultivar of origin. Sampling analysis indicated that the genotype assignment requires data from at least 15 SSRs to be >99% accurate, suggesting future studies of genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass cultivars should use at least 15 SSR markers. Overall, the SSRs reported in this paper were highly effective for differentiating among cultivars.
Characterizing optical properties of disturbed surface signatures

The burial of objects disturbs the ground surface in visually perceptible ways. This project investigated how such information can inform detection via imaging from visible through mid-infrared wavelengths. Images of the ground surface where objects were buried were collected at multiple visible through mid-infrared wavelengths prior to burial and afterward at intervals spanning approximately two weeks. Signs of soil disturbed by emplacement change over time and exposure in the natural environment and vary in salience across wavelengths for different time periods. Transient cues related to soil moisture or illumination angle can make signatures extraordinarily salient under certain conditions. Longpass shortwave infrared and multi-band mid-infrared imaging can enhance the signature of disturbed soils over visible imaging. These findings add knowledge and understanding of how soil disturbances phenomena can be exploited to aid detection.
When Blanche Met Brando: The Scandalous Story of “A Streetcar Named Desire”

Sam Staggs's When Blanche Met Brando may not be the most scholarly commentary on Tennessee Williams, but it is certainly informative. Aiming “to synthesize, as no previous writer has, the first-hand accounts of those who were there” (xii) for both the 1947 Broadway premiere of A Streetcar Named Desire and its 1951 film, as well as subsequent revivals, Staggs succeeds at revealing the gulf between myth and fact, between play and production. By illuminating its twisted path of accidents from genesis to premiere to “classic,” Staggs reminds us that Streetcar by no means was destined to take on the form in which we now know it.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF A SYSTEM OF INTERACTING ELECTRONS

Kubo's formula for thermal conductivity is evaluated for the case of an interacting electron gas and random, fixed, impurities. As in previous work, the theorems proved are exact to all orders in the electron-electron interactions and to lowest order in the concentration of impurities. The heat flux is examined in some detail and a Ward's identity is derived for the associated vertex function. Although the heat flux contains contributions from the interaction energy of pairs (or larger clusters) of correlated quasi-particles, it is found that these contributions enter the thermal conductivity only to higher orders in the impurity concentration. In a normal system where the many-body correlations are sufficiently weak, the Wiedemann-Franz law remains valid.
Willingness to Interact with an Old Person

A 3 x 2 factorial design tested the effects of the age and socioeconomic status of a stimulus-person on the willingness of college students to associate with him at a "formal lecture" and at an "informal discussion and coffee hour." For the more intimate coffee hour situation, willingness to associate with a high socioeconomic status person did not differ by age, whereas willingness to associate with a low socioeconomic status person was significantly greater when he was either young or middle-aged than when he was old. These results indicate that old age is a stigma that wealth, in certain circumstances, can overcome.
Phase Resetting Reveals Network Dynamics Underlying a Bacterial Cell Cycle

Genomic and proteomic methods yield networks of biological regulatory interactions but do not provide direct insight into how those interactions are organized into functional modules, or how information flows from one module to another. In this work we introduce an approach that provides this complementary information and apply it to the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, a paradigm for cell-cycle control. Operationally, we use an inducible promoter to express the essential transcriptional regulatory gene ctrA in a periodic, pulsed fashion. This chemical perturbation causes the population of cells to divide synchronously, and we use the resulting advance or delay of the division times of single cells to construct a phase resetting curve. We find that delay is strongly favored over advance. This finding is surprising since it does not follow from the temporal expression profile of CtrA and, in turn, simulations of existing network models. We propose a phenomenological model that suggests that the cell-cycle network comprises two distinct functional modules that oscillate autonomously and couple in a highly asymmetric fashion. These features collectively provide a new mechanism for tight temporal control of the cell cycle in C. crescentus. We discuss how the procedure can serve as the basis for a general approach for probing network dynamics, which we term chemical perturbation spectroscopy (CPS).
Prefrontal activation evoked by infrequent target and novel stimuli in a visual target detection task: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of prefrontal cortex was conducted during which subjects performed a visual “oddball” target detection task. Exemplars of three stimulus categories were presented at a rate of one per 1.5 sec for 10 runs, each consisting of 132 trials. Standards were color squares of varying sizes that were presented on ∼92% of trials. Targets were color circles of varying sizes presented irregularly on ∼4% of trials. Novels were pictures of everyday objects that were also presented irregularly on ∼4% of trials. Ten subjects participated in two separate sessions in which they were required to count mentally or to push a button whenever a target appeared. Targets evoked activation within prefrontal cortex, primarily within the middle frontal gyri (MFG). This MFG activation did not differ as a function of the required response. Novels did not evoke significant activity within this region despite evidence from a separate behavioral and event-related potential study demonstrating their strong influence on processing. In additional imaging sessions with two subjects, the rules were reversed to require a button press whenever an object, but not a circle, appeared. These former novels now evoked activation in the MFG, but the former target circles did not. These experiments indicate that MFG activation is reliably evoked by exemplars from arbitrary stimulus categories that are mapped by experimental rules onto an arbitrary covert or overt response.
Mechanism and chemical inhibition of the pentaborane oxidation reaction

Abstract The objective of this work has been to learn how to inhibit chemically the pentaboraneoxygen reaction with a view to developing improved fire protection systems. Rates of pyrolysis of pentaborane and ignition induction times of pentaboraneoxygenargon mixtures were measured in a shock tube at 520° to 860°K. The effects of pressure, mixture ratio and a variety of additives on the flame speed of the pentaborane-air system were studied employing a low-pressure burner. Pyrolysis of pentaborane was shown to be the rate-controlling step in the ignition process, since induction times were found to be independent of oxygen concentration. Butadiene, toluene and benzene were found to be most effective in reducing flame speed and in lengthening ignition induction times. The order of inhibitor effectiveness on the flame reaction bears a close resemblance to that of the hydrogen-air and diborane-air flame systems, indicating that flame propagation in the borane-air system proceeds by a mechanism resembling, to some extent, that of the hydrogenoxygen reaction. It is proposed that the inhibitors function by removal of hydrogen atoms from the pre-flame zone.
Caries patterns in the primary dentition: cluster analysis of a sample of 5169 Arizona children 5-59 months of age.

Caries Patterns in the Primary Dentition: Cluster Analysis of a Sample of 5,169 Arizona Children 5–59 Months of Age
Movement Patterns and Stopover Ecology of Wilson's Warblers During Spring Migration on the Lower Colorado River in Southwestern Arizona

Abstract We used radio-telemetry to examine fine-scale movement patterns of Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) at a stopover site on the lower Colorado River during spring migration in 2005 and 2006. The overall movements of Wilson's Warblers were restricted to small, localized areas, with an average linear displacement of only 332 m. Warblers exhibited exploratory behavior characterized by fast, long-distance, directed linear movements during the first and second day after presumed arrival at the stopover site. However, exploration was limited within the overall landscape (<2 km diameter), suggesting a cost to extended exploration. As individuals gained more information about the distribution of resources at the stopover site through exploratory behavior and direct sampling of the habitat, movements became more aggregated within a localized area, suggesting that Wilson's Warblers settled within a microsite at the stopover site to replenish fuel supplies. The overall movement patterns exhibited by warbl...
Release of Kinesin from Vesicles by hsc70 and Regulation of Fast Axonal Transport

The nature of kinesin interactions with membrane-bound organelles and mechanisms for regulation of kinesin-based motility have both been surprisingly difficult to define. Most kinesin is recovered in supernatants with standard protocols for purification of motor proteins, but kinesin recovered on membrane-bound organelles is tightly bound. Partitioning of kinesin between vesicle and cytosolic fractions is highly sensitive to buffer composition. Addition of either N-ethylmaleimide or EDTA to homogenization buffers significantly increased the fraction of kinesin bound to organelles. Given that an antibody against kinesin light chain tandem repeats also releases kinesin from vesicles, these observations indicated that specific cytoplasmic factors may regulate kinesin release from membranes. Kinesin light tandem repeats contain DnaJ-like motifs, so the effects of hsp70 chaperones were evaluated. Hsc70 released kinesin from vesicles in an MgATP-dependent and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive manner. Recombinant kinesin light chains inhibited kinesin release by hsc70 and stimulated the hsc70 ATPase. Hsc70 actions may provide a mechanism to regulate kinesin function by releasing kinesin from cargo in specific subcellular domains, thereby effecting delivery of axonally transported materials.
On-line terrain parameter estimation for planetary rovers

Future planetary exploration missions will require rovers to traverse very rough terrain with limited human supervision. Wheel-terrain interaction plays a critical role in rough-terrain mobility. In this paper an on-line estimation method that identifies key terrain parameters using on-board rover sensors is presented. These parameters can be used for accurate traversability prediction or in a traction control algorithm. These parameters are also valuable indicators of planetary surface soil composition. Simulation and experimental results show that the terrain estimation algorithm can accurately and efficiently identify key terrain parameters for loose sand.
Concentration and high avidity of pneumococcal antibodies persist at least 4 years after immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infancy.

ABSTRACT To provide more extensive evidence of long-term effects of vaccination on immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a follow-up study of the Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) Vaccine Trial was conducted. One of the objectives was to assess the persistence and avidity of pneumococcal antibodies 4 years after pneumococcal vaccination given in infancy. Children with complete follow-up in the FinOM trial up to 24 months of age were invited to a single visit in their fifth year of life. A blood sample was taken from all children for determination of anticapsular antibody concentrations to vaccine serotypes and avidity of antibodies to three serotypes. Children had been vaccinated at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age with 7-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, CRM197 conjugate vaccine (PCV7), or a control vaccine. Serum IgG antibody concentrations to vaccine serotypes remained significantly higher in children who had received PCV7 than in control children for 4 years after the fourth PCV7 dose. Concentrations of antibodies to frequently carried serotypes (6B and 19F) declined less than those of antibodies to a rarely carried serotype (4), suggesting that natural boosting contributed to antibody persistence. Furthermore, antibody avidity was significantly higher in PCV7 than control vaccine recipients. Four doses of PCV7 given in infancy elicit long-lasting antibody responses with high avidity. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00378417.)
Up-regulating positive emotions in everyday life: Strategies, individual differences, and associations with positive emotion and well-being

Abstract This research aimed to identify strategies people use to up-regulate positive emotions, and examine associations with personality, emotion regulation, and trait and state positive experience. In Study 1, participants reported use of 75 regulation strategies and trait emotional experience. Principal component analysis revealed three strategy domains: engagement (socializing, savoring), betterment (goal pursuit, personal growth), and indulgence (substance use, fantasy). In Study 2, participants reported state-level regulation and emotional experience. Engagement correlated with greater state and trait positive emotion, and overall greater well-being. Betterment correlated with less state, but greater trait, positive emotion. Indulgence correlated with greater state, but less trait positive emotion and overall lower well-being. This research suggests trade-offs between short-term and long-term emotional consequences of different strategies.
Characterization of Tidally Influenced Wood Stork Foraging Habitats in Georgia

Abstract To characterize tidally influenced Wood Stork foraging habitats, we documented the physical structure and potential prey populations of 17 known (based primarily on satellite telemetry locations) foraging and 20 “alternate” (similar habitat) sites, tidal creeks, in coastal Georgia. The majority of sites contained reaches partially impounded by three landscape features: oyster-shell dams, root/mud dams, or the junction of two or more creeks. Potential prey species, dominated by Fundulus heteroclitus (Mummichog) and shrimp, were highly variable among the tidal habitats but generally occurred in densities (average > 140 individuals/m2) far greater than those observed in an earlier inland Georgia study. There were no differences in potential prey densities between known foraging and alternate sites, confirming that the large salt marsh region of Georgia provides excellent foraging habitat for the regional Wood Stork population.
Trajectory analysis of single molecules exhibiting non-brownian motion.

Four techniques for analyzing single molecule tracking data—confinement level analysis, time series analysis and statistical analysis of lateral diffusion, multistate kinetics, and a newly developed method, radius of gyration evolution analysis—are compared using a set of sample fluorophore trajectories obtained from the lipophilic carbocyanine dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine, DiIC18, partitioned into surface tethered poly(n-isopropylacrylamide). The purpose here is two-fold: first to test that these techniques can be applied to single molecules trajectories, which typically contain a smaller total number of frames than those obtained from other particles, e.g.quantum dots or gold nanoparticles; and second to critically compare the information obtained from each method against the others. A set of five SMT trajectories, ranging in length from 41 to 273 steps with a 30 ms frame transfer exposure, were all successfully analyzed by all four techniques, provided two important criteria were met: enough steps to define the motion were acquired in the trajectory, generally on the order of 50 steps, and the fast and slow diffusion coefficients differ by at least a factor of 5. Beyond that the four trajectory analysis methods studied provide partially confirmatory and partially complementary information. SMT data resulting from more complex physical behavior may well benefit from using these techniques in succession to identify and sort populations.
From Requirements to Architecture for Software Product Lines

To ensure a consistent correlation between the requirements model and the architecture representation of Software Product Lines (SPL), this paper proposes an integration between goal models (described in PL-AOV-Graph) and architectural specification (described in PL-AspectualACME). We define the mapping process between these models and transformation rules between their elements. We also present a case study (e-commerce system), to evaluate the mapping process.
Internal-External Control and Independence of Judgment in Course Evaluations Among College Students:

Rotter's internal-external control theory as well as some recent experimental research on reactions to failure and negative evaluations suggests that externals should react differ ently from internals to receiving poor grades in a college course. Externals were expected to downgrade the course and the fairness of examinations when asked to report their attitudes towards the course. Internals and externals who were receiving good grades were not expected to differ. The present field-correlational study found support for these predictions.
Improving communication between physicians and patients who speak a foreign language.

BACKGROUND: Communication between physicians and patients is particularly challenging when patients do not speak the local language (in Switzerland, they are known as allophones). AIM: To assess the effectiveness of an intervention to improve communication skills of physicians who deal with allophone patients. DESIGN OF STUDY: 'Before-and-after' intervention study, in which both patients (allophone and francophone) and physicians completed visit-specific questionnaires assessing the quality of communication. SETTING: Two consecutive samples of patients attending the medical outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in French-speaking Switzerland. METHOD: The intervention consisted of training physicians in communicating with allophone patients and working with interpreters. French-speaking patients served as the control group. The outcomes measured were: patient satisfaction with care received and with communication during consultation; and provider (primary care physician) satisfaction with care provided and communication during consultation. RESULTS: At baseline, mean scores of patients' assessments of communication were lower for allophone than for francophone patients. At follow-up, five out of six of the scores of allophone patients showed small increases (P < 0.05) when compared with French-speaking patients: explanations given by physician; respectfulness of physician; communication; overall process of the consultation; and information about future care. In contrast, physicians' assessments did not change significantly. Finally, after the intervention, the proportion of consultations with allophone patients in which professional interpreters were present increased significantly from 46% to 67%. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of communication as perceived by allophone patients can be improved with specific training aimed at primary care physicians.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumour of the bronchus

Solitary fibrous tumours most commonly present in the pleura, but have been reported in other extrapleural sites. We present a case of an elderly female who was found to have a malignant solitary fibrous tumour of the right upper lobe bronchus, treated with thoracoscopic lobectomy and bronchoplastic closure.
Identifying expertise markers in routine work artifacts: exploring micronote taking behavior

Identifying expertise within an organization is a critical component of any knowledge management effort. It is, however, an exceptionally resource intensive activity that is difficult to initiate and problematic to maintain. The development of experimental expertise recommender systems has prompted innovative research into the use of expertise markers found on routine information artifacts. Particular classes of information artifacts have been identified as rich possible sources for expertise markers. This paper hypothesizes about the potential for leveraging another class of artifacts, ‘‘micronotes’’, which are our ubiquitous, personal jottings of notable information. Lacking usable digital support, these are currently opaque to organizational memory systems, but may be central to our natural expertise mapping abilities. A field study designed to explore natural micronote taking behaviors is described and early findings are discussed. Implications for improving the design of mobile computing support to integrate micronotes into expertise mapping activities are also presented. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The content of relational uncertainty within marriage

Two studies were conducted to examine relational uncertainty within marriage. Study 1 gathered open-ended data from 85 individuals to identify issues spouses are unsure about. Findings indicated 12 content areas, including uncertainty about children, communication, career issues, finances, health, commitment, extended family, sex, retirement, religious beliefs, leisure time, and household chores (RQ1). Only the commitment theme paralleled the doubts salient in dating relationships (RQ2). Study 2 surveyed 125 couples to develop self-report measures of the themes. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed negative associations between relational uncertainty and marital quality (RQ3, RQ5). The self source (RQ4) and the communication and sex themes (RQ6) were the strongest predictors of marital quality. These findings illuminate the nuances of relational uncertainty within marriage.
Ethical Climates: The Joint Effect of Caring and Rules on Work Experiences of Senior Managers

This study investigates a new approach to conceptualizing ethical climates by proposing and testing a framework that considers the joint or interactive combination of two ethical climates from the ...
Singlet oxygen production from the reactions of superoxide ion in aprotic solvents: implications for hydrophobic biochemistry.

A number of reactions of superoxide ion in aprotic solvents have been reported to produce singlet oxygen. There is strong evidence for singlet oxygen generation from the reactions of superoxide ion with chlorine-containing halocarbons, bromine-containing halocarbons, hexafluorobenzene, diacylperoxides, lead tetraacetate. iodobenzene diacetate, cerium (IV) cation and tetranitromethane. Earlier studies reporting singlet oxygen generation from the reactions of superoxide ion with iodine. ferricenium ion, thianthrene cation radical, tris (N,N'-dioxobipyridyl) manganese (III) cation and di-μ-oxo-bis(phenanthrolinato manganese (IV)] cation need to be repeated because of the methods used to detect singlet oxygen had low specificity.The results of studies of superoxide ion chemistry in aprotic solvents should not be uncritically extrapolated to hydrophobic biological microenvironments. such as the cell membrane.
Plenty of moustaches but not enough women: cross sectional study of medical leaders

Objectives To draw attention to sex related disparities in academic medical leadership by investigating the representation of female leaders compared with leaders with moustaches. Design Cross sectional analysis. Setting Academic medical departments in the United States. Participants Clinical department leaders (n=1018) at the top 50 US medical schools funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Main outcome measures The proportions of female leaders and moustachioed leaders across institutions and specialties (n=20). Additionally, the moustache index: the proportion of women compared with the proportion of moustaches, analyzed with multinomial logistic regression models. Results Women accounted for 13% (137/1018) of department leaders at the top 50 NIH funded medical schools in the US. Moustachioed leaders accounted for 19% (190/1018). The proportion of female department leaders ranged from 0% (0/20) to 26% (5/19) across institutions and 0% (0/53) to 36% (19/53) across specialties. Only seven institutions and five specialties had more than 20% of female department leaders. The overall moustache index of all academic medical departments studied was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.90; P=0.004). Only six of 20 specialties had more women than moustaches (moustache index >1). Conclusions Moustachioed individuals significantly outnumber women as leaders of medical departments in the US. We believe that every department and institution should strive for a moustache index ≥1. Known, effective, and evidence based policies to increase the number of women in leadership positions should be prioritized.
Human Rights and the Poor in the World Religions

The experience of the many poor and of the many religions in today's world are two issues which this study addresses, from the perspective of human rights. Its thesis is that concern for the poor is not unique to Judaism and Christianity, but that all religions examined here contain an affirmation of the value of the individual person, as well as a compassion for the poor, which can lead to a universal concern for the rights of the poor and marginalized. Viewing human rights as a concept which expresses the aspirations of many religions, it examines their perceptions of human rights language and their concerns for the poor. In doing so, it rejects the postmodernist claim that all religions are incommensurable and cannot be compared on issues such as justice, human rights and concern for the poor, and argues for continuing efforts toward a global ethic.
A New Procedure for the Rapid Determination of Yield and Tensile Strength from Hardness Tests

A new procedure for estimating the yield and tensile strengths of metallic alloys from hardness type measurements is described. The method has been successfully applied to alloys with different crystal structures and a wide range of strengths. The procedure is based on the calculation of modified Meyer hardness numbers from load and ball indentor penetration depth data. The computer-aided data acquisition and analysis includes corrections for machine deflection and elastic specimen recovery effects, providing a unifying framework for tests using a variety of loads and indentors. The method is also suitable for continuous load-depth data acquired in a single hardness test.
Shaming Trademark Bullies

In September 2009, Hansen Beverage Company sent Rock Art Brewery a letter demanding that Rock Art cease and desist its use of “VERMONSTER” as a trademark for beer. Hansen is a multi-million dollar beverage corporation and Rock Art Brewery is a small brewing company owned by a husband-and-wife team based in Vermont. Hansen’s gravamen was that Rock Art’s “VERMONSTER” beer allegedly infringed on Hansen’s “MONSTER ENGERY” trademarks. Instead of capitulating, Rock Art Brewery fought back, taking to the virtual streets of the internet and galvanized public sentiment against Hansen’s. The end result was an amicable settlement agreement that allowed Rock Art to continue its use of “VERMONSTER” as it had before. Rock Art’s success highlights a growing phenomenon in trademark law: the use of shaming by small businesses to defend itself against a trademark bully. To date, most scholarly work on curtailing the over enforcement of trademarks has been focused on legal means, such as developing stronger defenses to infringement. While this is important and meaningful work, focusing on purely legal means may not assist small businesses or individuals who have no access to legal resources in the first instance. The goal of this Article is to complement the work being done by these scholars and suggest that shaming can be an effective, pre-litigation tool to combat trademark bullies. Since shaming is currently not guaranteed to be effective or available to all small businesses and individuals, this Article suggests a number of legal reforms that could be undertaken in order to maximize the availability of shaming, as well as assist in effective shaming.
Lunar COTS: An Economical and Sustainable Approach to Reaching Mars

The NASA COTS (Commercial Orbital Transportation Services) Program was a very successful program that developed and demonstrated cost-effective development and acquisition of commercial cargo transportation services to the International Space Station (ISS). The COTS acquisition strategy utilized a newer model than normally accepted in traditional procurement practices. This new model used Space Act Agreements where NASA entered into partnerships with industry to jointly share cost, development and operational risks to demonstrate new capabilities for mutual benefit. This model proved to be very beneficial to both NASA and its industry partners as NASA saved significantly in development and operational costs while industry partners successfully expanded their market share of the global launch transportation business. The authors, who contributed to the development of the COTS model, would like to extend this model to a lunar commercial services program that will push development of technologies and capabilities that will serve a Mars architecture and lead to an economical and sustainable pathway to transporting humans to Mars. Over the past few decades, several architectures for the Moon and Mars have been proposed and studied but ultimately halted or not even started due to the projected costs significantly exceeding NASA's budgets. Therefore a new strategy is needed that will fit within NASA's projected budgets and takes advantage of the US commercial industry along with its creative and entrepreneurial attributes. The authors propose a new COTS-like program to enter into partnerships with industry to demonstrate cost-effective, cis-lunar commercial services, such as lunar transportation, lunar ISRU operations, and cis-lunar propellant depots that can enable an economical and sustainable Mars architecture. Similar to the original COTS program, the goals of the proposed program, being notionally referred to as Lunar Commercial Orbital Transfer Services (LCOTS) program will be to: 1) reduce development and operational costs by sharing costs with industry; 2) create new markets in cis-lunar space to further reduce operational costs; and 3) enable NASA to develop an affordable and economical exploration Mars architecture. The paper will describe a plan for a proposed LCOTS program, its potential impact to an eventual Mars architecture and its many benefits to NASA, commercial space industry and the US economy.
GaN/AℓxGa1-xN Wurtzite Semiconductor Superlattices

A theory of electronic structures of NGaNxNAlGaN GaN/AlxGa1-xN wurtzite semiconductor superlattices (grown in the direction of the c-axis) is developed and used to predict the superlattices’ band structures, energy gaps, and the “deep” energy levels of substitutional s- and p-bonded defects in them. In addition, the valence band offset of GaN with respect to AlN, the one adjustable parameter of the theory, is determined to be about 0.4 times the total fundamental band-gap difference, by fitting the optical data for the superlattices’ fundamental band gaps as a function of the layer thicknesses NGaN and NAlN, with the valence band edge of AlN being at lower energy.
The Dialectics of Islamophobia and Radicalism in Indonesia

The world economic crises in 1998 and the subsequent political terrorism on September 11, 2001 vastly impacted the social, political, and cultural landscapes of Islam in Indonesia. The earlier political changes from the authoritarian New Order to the reformation era in 1998 had sparked not only democracy, but also the arrival of Islam as a political power that promised an instant solution to social, cultural, political, and economic decadence. Islamist movements, however, gained momentum after 9/11. Islamists interpreted “war on terror” and the use of terms like “Islamofascism” as a threat against Islam and Muslims. In response, they mobilized what the United State perceived as anti-Americanism. This anti-Americanism is, of course, concretely fueled by the Islamist views of US foreign policy and Western domination. But the Islamist perception of American Islamophobia plays a role as well.
Micro-structure and Mechanical Properties of CFRP Consisting of Epoxy-Polyetherimide Blend Matrix

Epoxy (Ep)-polyethermide (PEI) blends system were employed as a matrix resin for carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Microstructure, dynamic mechanical properties and toughness were investigated for bulk and CFRP consisting of Ep and 20wt% PEI blends. Effects of curing reagents and curing temperature were also studied. SEM observation revealed that Ep rich connected globule structure was presented in PEI rich continuous phase, in all the investigated fractured surface of the cured blend. When bulk blend was cured with a particular conditon, microstructure region consisting of PEI rich spherical domains dispersed in Ep rich continuous phase was also present as a mixture in connected-globule structure region. When CFRP was cured with such condition, Ep rich continuous phase localized arround CF. When CFRP was cured with the condition that connected-globule structure was only present, morphology in CFRP matrix was the same as that in the cured bulk blend.From the results of dynamic mechanical measurements, considerable differences between matrix resin and curing conditions were observed for adhesion between CF and matrix, and adhesion decreased by the addition of PEI. Fracture toughness changed depending on curing conditions, and it increased by the addition of PEI.
Theory of ameboid movements.

A theory of the random change of the shape of an ameba, produced by protusion and retraction of pseudopods is developed on the assumption that a local disturbance, which reduces the surface tension, travels along the surface of the ameba. Quantitative relations suggesting experimental verification are derived for the average size and average duration of a pseudopod.
Perception of speech rate as a function of vocal intensity and frequency.

The study was designed to examine the possibility that vocal frequency and vocal intensity influence the perception of speech rate. One 30-second segment of spontaneous speech was used to produce n...
Case Report: Amelioration of Antithrombin III Deficiency by Coumarin Administration

Abstract Deficiency of antithrombin III (ATIII), a natural inhibitor of blood coagulation, may lead to increased thromboembolism. Coumarin is frequently administered to patients deficient in ATIII. There is partial and conflicting evidence as to whether plasma levels of ATIII increase during coumarin anticoagulation. In two members of one kindred, the author has repeatedly observed that the plasma ATIII level increases as the prothrombin time lengthens. This phenomemon apparently is not associated with a change in survival of ATIII. The author successfully performed surgery on one patient using only pre- and postoperative coumarin administration. In some patients with ATIII deficiency, plasma levels may increase with oral anticoagulation. While this fact may obscure diagnostic studies, it may be of therapeutic benefit.
Relationship Between Households’ Housing and Transportation Expenditures: Examination from Lifestyle Perspective

Because of growing concern about the significant increase in American household transportation costs, federal agencies have endorsed the notion that it is not merely the affordability of housing alone that is important but the affordability of housing and transportation taken together. Most transportation studies have focused on the relationship between the costs of housing and commuting. Thus the relationship between household expenditures on housing and overall transportation has remained mostly unexamined. With the use of U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey data, this study made an effort to bridge the gap in the existing knowledge base through an examination of this relationship. In the absence of theories about the relationship between the two types of expenditures, this study leaned heavily on a stream of literature on lifestyle choice, which was advanced to explain the absence of a trade-off between the costs of housing and commuting postulated by urban economic theorists. To account for endogeneity b...
Preparation of TiO2 Nanocrystallites by Oxidation of Ti−Au(111) Surface Alloy

Ti−Au surface alloy oxidation is used to form nanocrystals of TiO2 on Au(111). In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies show that the approach yields arrays of 8−11 nm wide crystals with relatively narrow size dispersion and uniform crystallography. STM imaging shows that their crystallographic form is rutile with a triangular or hexagonal geometry. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy indicates that the crystals have a well-developed band gap, comparable to that in bulk TiO2.
Compensation for unconstrained catheter shaft motion in cardiac catheters

Cardiac catheterization with ultrasound (US) imaging catheters provides real time US imaging from within the heart, but manually navigating a four degree of freedom (DOF) imaging catheter is difficult and requires extensive training. Existing work has demonstrated robotic catheter steering in constrained bench top environments. Closed-loop control in an unconstrained setting, such as patient vasculature, remains a significant challenge due to friction, backlash, and physiological disturbances. In this paper we present a new method for closed-loop control of the catheter tip that can accurately and robustly steer 4-DOF cardiac catheters and other flexible manipulators despite these effects. The performance of the system is demonstrated in a vasculature phantom and an in vivo porcine animal model. During bench top studies the robotic system converged to the desired US imager pose with sub-millimeter and sub-degree-level accuracy. During animal trials the system achieved 2.0 mm and 0.65° accuracy. Accurate and robust robotic navigation of flexible manipulators will enable enhanced visualization and treatment during procedures.
End-of-Life communication with non-traditional families and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender patients for nurses

Objective: The purpose of this article was to describe a concept synthesis on communication at end-of-life (EOL), and specifically when the family framework is non-traditional. Methods: An electronic database search of online publications generically and within healthcare disciplines and education was performed. The terms communication, EOL communication, EOL, simulation, communication concept analysis, and EOL concept analysis, singularly and in all combinations were used. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles, available through the University of Missouri-Kansas City library, written in English, and appeared to have a research focus, resulted in 24 articles which were reviewed for this concept analysis. Results: Uses and definitions associated with communication during EOL were used to articulate the attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were developed. Conclusions: Communication is conceptually defined; a foundation for the development of an operational definition is begun. The use of appropriate and respectful communication, among and between interprofessionals, the patient, and his/her family members or emotionally attached persons enhances the ability to ensure that EOL desires are known and documented. This activity will improve the capability for healthcare professionals to provide appropriate and desired care.
Fluoride Anion Complexation by a Triptycene-Based Distiborane: Taking Advantage of a Weak but Observable C−H⋅⋅⋅F Interaction

Fluoride anion complexation impacts a number of areas ranging from sensing to nucleophilic fluorination chemistry. Described here is a new bidentate Lewis acid consisting of two stiborane units connected by a 1,8-triptycenediyl backbone. This neutral derivative captures fluoride with an unprecedented affinity for a neutral, water-compatible Lewis acid. Structural, spectroscopic and computational studies demonstrate that fluoride anion binding is assisted by the formation of a C-H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bond which involves a methine group of the 1,8-triptycenediyl backbone.
How to Collect, Analyze and Act on Learning Data in Computer Science Courses (Abstract Only)

The modern teaching should be based on data driven techniques. Yet many of us do not have the resources to collect, analyze and act on course data on a regular basis. The process of collecting data from multiple sources, integrating and analyzing can be a daunting task. The purpose of this workshop is to help simplify this process. The workshop introduces participants to the basic process of establishing a data collection protocol, dealing with institutional review board (IRB) if applicable, setting up an interactive framework to help facilitate data collection, and developing customized dashboards to help support classroom teaching. We will also discuss ways to set up interactive reading and video viewing activities and student collaboration activities to increase student course engagement. These techniques can help collect student interaction data on a regular basis. The workshop will also discuss data integration standards such as Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) that can facilitate data integration efforts across data rich learning applications that are already in use
About These Times

We decided to situate this book in the context of neoliberal policies and practices around education reform, given their widespread influence in the US and elsewhere. Such policies and practices have been pursued in a variety of places across the globe; a common denominator among them is their commitment to capitalism (for example, the United States, New Zealand, the UK, and Australia (Davis & Bansel, 2007).