cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plenary Power and Animus in Immigration Law

After a campaign denigrating Muslims as “sick people,” blaming the children of Muslim Americans for terrorism, and promising to “shut down” Muslim immigration, and mere days after his inauguration, President Donald J. Trump banned the nationals of seven majority-Muslim countries from entry into the United States. In the litigation that followed, one question persisted: how should courts analyze an exclusion order when the President invokes a national security justification and there is also direct evidence of racial or religious animus? The Supreme Court reviews exclusion decisions deferentially for the existence of a “facially legitimate and bona fide reason,” under Kleindienst v. Mandel, but explicit animus raises a key question: what effect, if any, does explicit presidential animus have on this deferential standard of review? In Trump v. Hawaii, the Supreme Court reversed the lower court’s grant of a preliminary injunction against the third version of the travel ban. The majority deferred to the President’s national security justification, despite smoking gun evidence of anti-Muslim animus, because it determined that animus was not the “sole” motive for the travel ban. In dissent, Justice Sotomayor argued that a reasonable observer would conclude that the travel ban’s “primary purpose” was to express hostility toward Muslims, and deference was unwarranted. At the root of this debate is a disagreement about the proper analysis of mixed motives. Analyzing deference and analogous doctrines in other areas of law, this Article argues for a third way: that courts should use a mixed motives framework invalidating a contested law where the same law would not have been promulgated but for animus. Under this approach, plaintiffs must “plausibly” allege animus with “sufficient particularity.” Upon plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction, the government must proffer some evidence of an independently sufficient justification, apart from animus, for the challenged policy. Ultimately, the plaintiffs must prove that animus was a necessary motive for the contested law. This framework invalidates laws lacking sufficient non-animus justification, but permits laws for which animus is not a necessary motive. This Article seeks to offer a way for courts to capture better the benefits of immigration deference while minimizing the costs.
AI amusements: computer elected governor of California Corpus Legis trounces human opponents in state election

California today became the first state in the Union to elect a computer as governor. The independent candidate, Corpus Legis, handily defeated its human opponents in a special election following the retirement of former governor Jerry (Moonbeam) Brown.
Topologically frustrated dynamics of crowded charged macromolecules in charged hydrogels

Movement of charged macromolecules in crowded aqueous environments is a ubiquitous phenomenon vital to the various living processes and formulations of materials for health care. While study of diffusion of tracer amounts of probe macromolecules trapped inside concentrated solutions, gels, or random media has led to an enhanced understanding of this complex process, the collective dynamics of charged macromolecules embedded inside congested charge-bearing matrices still remains to be fully explored. Here we report a frustrated dynamics of DNA and synthetic polyelectrolytes inside a charged host hydrogel where the guest molecules do not diffuse. Instead, they exhibit a family of relaxation processes arising from a combination of conformational entropy and local chain dynamics, which are frustrated by the confinement from the gel. We also have developed a model explaining this new universality class of non-diffusive topologically frustrated dynamics of charged macromolecules.
Text messaging in health care: a systematic review of impact studies.

Background – Studies suggest text messaging is beneficial to health care; however, no one has synthesized the overall evidence on texting interventions. In response to this need, we conducted a systematic review of the impacts of text messaging in health care. Methods – PubMed database searches and subsequent reference list reviews sought English-language, peer-reviewed studies involving text messaging in health care. Commentaries, conference proceedings, and feasibilities studies were excluded. Data was extracted using an article coding sheet and input into a database for analysis. Results – Of the 61 papers reviewed, 50 articles (82%) found text messaging had a positive effect on the primary outcome. Average sample sizes in articles reporting positive findings (n=813) were significantly larger than those that did not find a positive impact (n=178) on outcomes (p=0.032). Articles were categorized into focal groups as follows: 27 articles (44.3%) investigated the impact of texting on disease management, 24 articles (39.3%) focused texting's impact to public health related outcomes, and 10 articles (16.4%) examined texting and its influence on administrative processes. Articles in focal groups differed by the purpose of the study, direction of the communication, and where they were published, but not in likelihood of reporting a positive impact from texting. Conclusions – Current evidence indicates that text messaging health care interventions are largely beneficial clinically, in public health related uses, and in terms of administrative processes. However, despite the promise of these findings, literature gaps exist, especially in primary care settings, across geographic regions and with vulnerable populations.
Using Robotics to Achieve Meaningfully Engaged Learning

There has been a significant decline in the number of college students choosing majors in computer science or technology related fields. Additionally, within the United States, there is an achievement gap between under-represented minority students and majority students at a time when under-represented groups are becoming an increasing proportion of the national labor force. This reluctance to study Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines must be confronted and changed if the United States is to maintain a competitive position within the global market. Effective use of learning technologies is vital to solving many of our current STEM learning challenges. We use robotics as a technology tool to captivate and engage students in learning computer science concepts. Robotics engages multiple modes of learning, including: sensory, perceptual, and cognitive information processing.
Immunohistochemistry of Pneumocystis Carinii Infection

Pneumocystis carinii is the pre-eminent pulmonary pathogen and leading cause of death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The diagnosis of this organism depends upon the morphologic demonstration of the cyst wall, trophozoite, or sporozoite in specimens from the lower respiratory tract. A variety of histochemical stains have been used to identify P. carinii, each with considerable limitations in specificity. Extrapulmonary spread and unusually destructive pulmonary patterns associated with P. carinii, although once considered rare, are seen occasionally in patients with AIDS. Traditional stains have proven to be less reliable in extrapulmonary sites. In 13 patients with AIDS, we stained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy lung and other visceral organ sections using monoclonal antibody 3F6 (Dako, Santa Barbara, CA) to P. carinii. The antibody stained P. carinii in the lungs of seven patients with P. carinii pneumonia by Gomori methenamine silver stain (GMS). Numerous aggregates of P. carinii cysts were marked within alveoli, as is usually seen with other stains. No antibody staining was present in autopsy lung sections from non-AIDS patients with viral, fungal, or bacterial pneumonia. Clinically occult extrapulmonary P. carinii infection was seen in 4/7 (57%) patients with P. carinii pneumonia at autopsy. Monoclonal antibody to P. carinii stained organisms in all four (100%) patients with disseminated disease, as compared with 1/4 (25%) staining with GMS. Antibody staining of P. carinii was demonstrated in sections of thyroid, adrenal, and carinal lymph node (one patient), esophagus (one patient), kidney (one patient), and heart, thyroid, kidney, adrenal, liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and bone marrow (one patient).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Hypothesis: The Behistun Inscription as Imperial Calendar

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a function for the dates in the Behistun inscription of Darius I: that alongside its telling of an authorised story of righteous accession it made possible, and perhap...
Facilitating Emergency Response Vehicles’ Movement Through a Road Segment in a Connected Vehicle Environment

Emergency response vehicles’ (ERVs) travel is risky, as non-ERV drivers are often unsure of the ERV’s next maneuver and how to facilitate its movement. An integer linear program (ILP), introduced in this paper, facilitates the ERV’s movement through a transportation link. Leveraging vehicle-to-vehicle communications, information is collected about vehicles on a link section. Then, the ILP finds the ERV’s fastest intra-link path. To increase safety, the ILP assigns non-ERVs locations as far away from the ERV as possible while avoiding passing and weaving among vehicles. The ILP can be adapted to different ERV sizes, road types, and surrounding conditions. Sensitivity analysis indicated that scenarios with narrower road segments and higher numbers of non-ERVs led to ERV paths with lane changes and higher computation times. When compared with the current practice requiring non-ERVs to move to the nearest road edge when an ERV with lights and sirens is noticed, the proposed formulation improved the ERV speed while reducing the conflicts and confusion experienced by downstream vehicles.
Pain Management and Opioid Regulation: Continuing Public Health Challenges

The still-growing US opioid epidemic lies at the intersection of two major public health challenges: reducing suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of harms associated with the use of opioids medications. Responding successfully to these challenges requires a substantial investment in surveillance and research on many fronts and a coordinated policy response by federal and state agencies and stakeholder organizations.A 2017 report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) called for improved methods of measuring pain and the effects of alternative modalities of treatment as well as intensive surveillance of opioid-related harms; urged a long-term cultural transformation of how pain is perceived, assessed and treated; and outlined a comprehensive and balanced public health framework to guide Food and Drug Administration approval, monitoring, and review of opioids.We, authors of the NASEM report, use the articles published in this special section of AJPH as a platform for commenting on the public health burden of pain, the role of opioids in managing pain, global disparities in access to opioids for pain management, divergent approaches to opioid regulation, and the challenge of striking a reasonable balance between the needs of patients in pain and the prevention of opioid-related harms.
Abstract P298: Normotensive Habitual Caffeine Consumers Experience No Change in Blood Pressure or Pulse Wave Velocity Following the Combined Consumption of Caffeine and Dietary Nitrate

Intro: Caffeine intake may elevate blood pressure (BP), while habitual consumption leads to developed tolerance, providing conflicting evidence for incurred changes in BP. Dietary nitrate consumpti...
The Financial Life of Aspiring Veterinarians

The stress of veterinary students ranges from the financial stress associated with high student loan debt combined with possible credit card debt, to relational stress due to lack of time to commit to social activities, to uncertainty regarding the ability to perform at the highest level. While this study considers a multifaceted approach to veterinary student stress and ultimate depressive symptoms, the focus is on the financial stress. A common strategy for reducing debt is to increase financial literacy. While this has the potential to help, it is not the sole solution given that students opt into the program for non-financial reasons. A path analysis was used to explore the predictors of financial satisfaction (the inverse of financial stress). The results were then used to predict depression among pre-vet and veterinary students in combination with relationship stress and demographic characteristics. Results indicate that current and expected student loan debt negatively influence financial satisfaction of pre-veterinary and veterinary students. Lower financial and relational satisfaction predict depressive symptoms among students. Among pre-veterinary students, feeling less intelligent than peers and being a sophomore versus a freshman is associated with depressive symptoms. Among current veterinary students, third-year students are more likely to report depressive symptoms than first-year students.
Silencing AXL by covalent siRNA-gelatin-antibody nanoconjugate inactivates mTOR/EMT pathway and stimulates p53 for TKI sensitization in NSCLC

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality with the 5-year survival rate at a dismal 16% for the past 40 years. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to achieving long-term patient survival. Identifying and validating molecular biomarkers responsible for resistance and thereby adopting multi-directional therapy is necessary to improve the survival rate. Previous studies indicated ~20% of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistant NSCLC patients overexpress AXL with increase in EMT and decrease in p53 expression. To overcome the resistance, we designed gelatin nanoparticles covalently conjugated with EGFR targeting antibody and siRNA (GAbsiAXL). GAbsiAXL efficiently silences AXL, decreases mTOR and EMT signaling with concomitant increase in p53 expression. Because of the molecular changes, the AXL silencing sensitizes the cells to TKI. Our results show AXL overexpression has an important role in driving TKI resistance through close association with energy-dependent mitochondrial pathways.
The Brain Health Champion study: Health coaching changes behaviors in patients with cognitive impairment.

Abstract Introduction Converging evidence suggests that increasing healthy behaviors may slow or prevent cognitive decline. Methods We piloted a six-month, randomized, controlled investigation of 40 patients with mild dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or subjective cognitive decline. The intervention consisted of weekly motivational interviewing phone calls and three visits with a “Brain Health Champion” health coach, who guided participants to achieve personalized goals. Changes in behavior were measured using validated questionnaires. Results Compared with the standard-of-care control group, Brain Health Champion participants had statistically significant and clinically meaningful increases in physical activity (Cohen's d = 1.37, P Discussion Our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a health coaching approach in changing health behaviors in cognitively impaired and at-risk patients.
Scholarship Development Series Part I: Writing a Review of the Literature.

As part of National Association of Hispanic Nurses’ Strategic Plan, our organization focuses on the development of scholarship in our members. Scholarship is what moves nursing science forward and ...
High Loading Capacity Nanoencapsulation and Release of Hydrophobic Drug Nanocrystals from Microgel Particles

Nanosizing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a key approach to improve their bioavailability, particularly in the case of water-insoluble compounds. Moreover, enabling the high load en...
Progress in diagnosis and treatment of posterior condylar fracture of tibial plateau

The posterior condylar fracture of the tibial plateau refers to the fracture of the posterior 1/3 area of the tibial plateau. Compared with other clinical types such as Schatzker and AO, the three-column theory is more widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of the posterior condylar fracture of the tibial plateau. There are advantages and disadvantages in learning curve, intraoperative risk and therapeutic effect of minimally invasive methods such as posterior and lateral related approaches, circular external fixator and balloon dilatation, which are commonly used in open surgery. There is no consensus on the best surgical method. This article reviews the diagnosis, classification and treatment of posterior condylar fracture of tibial plateau.
Chapter 14 – Water Resources

The law and economics of water resources in sub-Saharan Africa is complicated because water is found from different sources, has different uses, is subject to different quality standards, and may be supplied by different entities with different organizational structures. A dual-pricing policy to water distribution is one approach to balance urban and agricultural needs for water. All countries vest ownership of public water in the head of state, and control of water resources in a Minister of State. Public water requires a permit for withdrawal. Utility boards or commissions set user fees, issue permits for water use, and define priority in water allocation. Rural water is controlled by communities based on community rules and norms. Irrigation water pricing is based on cost-recovery principles to make water affordable for farmers. Few water-related cases brought before courts have raised issues about water contract specification and rate-setting by governing public utilities.
Targeted millisecond-scale activation of cells using non-invasive Sonogenetics

Our understanding of the nervous system has been fundamentally advanced by light- and small molecule-sensitive proteins that can be used to modify neuronal excitability. However, optogenetics requires invasive instrumentation while chemogenetics lacks temporal control. Here, we identify a candidate channel that confers sensitivity to non-invasive ultrasound on millisecond timescales. Using a functional screen, we find that human Transient Receptor Potential A1 (hsTRPA1) increases ultrasound-evoked intracellular calcium levels and membrane potentials. Ultrasound, but not agonist, -evoked, gating of hsTRPA1, requires the N-terminal tip region, intact actin cytoskeleton, and cholesterol, implicating these features in the sonogenetic mechanism. We then use calcium imaging and electrophysiology to confirm that ultrasound-evoked responses of primary neurons are potentiated by hsTRPA1. We also show that unilateral expression of hsTRPA1 in mouse layer V motor cortical neurons leads to ultrasound-evoked contralateral limb responses to ultrasound delivered through an intact skull. Finally, ultrasound induces c-fos in hsTRPA1-expressing neurons, suggesting that our approach can be used for targeted activation of neural circuits. Together, our results demonstrate that hsTRPA1-based sonogenetics can effectively and non-invasively modulate neurons within the intact mammalian brain, a method that could be extended to other cell types across species.
Industrial robot accurate trajectory generation by nested loop iterative learning control

Abstract Common error sources of industrial robot manipulators include joint servoing error, imprecise kinematics, mechanical compliance, and transmission error. In this work we present a nested loop iterative learning control (ILC) feedforward structure: an inner loop that compensates for motor dynamics, and an outer loop that corrects the deviation along the path tracked, that features practically efficient implementation. Taking advantage of industrial robot’s speed reduction transmission, single-input-single-output method is demonstrated effective for the nonlinear coupled robot dynamics. Data-based inversion technique that incorporates motion constraint is used for fast inner loop convergence. The outer loop utilizes inverse Jacobian matrix for joint reference modification. For nonlinear static friction that is difficult to be compensated for with only joint command, notch filtering is utilized in the learning process to avoid exciting vibration inherently exists in the robot. The proposed nested loop ILC requires only the nominal kinematic parameters from the robot manufacturer, and can be readily implemented without modifying the existing robot controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally verified on a six degree-of-freedom robot manipulator.
A flexible and generic functional mock-up unit based threat injection framework for grid-interactive efficient buildings: A case study in Modelica

Abstract Grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs) have been considered as an important asset to support the power grid reliability by utilizing the demand flexibility offered by GEBs. GEBs are enabled by advances in sensors and controls, and the communication between building equipment, whole buildings, and the grid. The integration of different building technologies and network-based communication system makes GEBs vulnerable to passive threats such as equipment failure and active threats such as cyber-attacks. Modeling and simulation is an effective way to evaluate the impact of threats on the system performance. This paper proposes a generic and flexible threat injection framework for commonly-used building energy simulators such as EnergyPlus and Modelica to support threat modeling and evaluation. This framework leverages functional mock-up unit (FMU) to develop a general modeling interface for threat injection and simulation. A numerical case study using Modelica as a building energy simulator is conducted to demonstrate the capability of the framework for supporting single/multiple-order threat modeling and simulation of a GEB. Four threats and their combinations are injected on a Modelica-based threat-free building energy and control system, including operating supply fan at its full speed, remotely cycling the chiller on and off, blocking the chiller from receiving the chilled water supply temperature setpoints, and hijacking the global zone air temperature setpoint. Simulation results show that the cyber-attack that leads to short-term signal blocking has small effects on the system operation due to the “self-healing” feature of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) interactive control system. The threat that takes control of resetting the global zone air temperature setpoints has the most adverse impact on the system energy use, peak power demand, thermal comfort and the provision of demand flexibility. The combination of four threats have aggregative effects on the system but the effects are less than the additive effects of the individual threat.
A Behavioral Approach to Increasing Perceptions of Capability Toward People With Disabilities

Many of the roughly 1,000,000,000 people around the world who have some form of a disability diagnosis (World Health Organization, 2018) also experience barriers to education (DasGupta, 2015), barriers to health care access Dodds et al. in, Social Work, 63(3), 261-264, (2018), and legal discrimination (Ziegler in, Boston Law Review, 61, 1183-1221, 2020). Much of this has been attributed to perceptions of stigma, microaggressions, and misunderstanding toward people with disabilities (PWDs; Smart in Journal of Rehabilitation, 75(2), 3-11, 2009, 2015; Ziegler in Boston Law Review, 61, 1183-1221, 2020), which exacerbate these barriers. Previous research has suggested that relational frame theory can be a method to alter these hurtful frames of stigma (Florez et al. in Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 1-6, 2019; Kohlenberg et al. in Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56(3), 505-518, 1991). The current study extends the work of Dixon et al. in The Behavior Analyst Today, 7(3), 275-289 (2006) and Dixon et al. in The Behavior Analyst Today, 10(2), 295-318. (2009) by applying a computer-based conditional-discrimination training paradigm to increase the research participants’ perceptions of capability toward PWDs. Results indicated an increase in psychological flexibility, a decrease in the perception of stigma, and an increase in the overall perception of capability toward PWDs. A discussion of these results is followed by limitations of the current paradigm, ethical considerations, and future research to further analyze the relational frame families involved in stigma formation and, ultimately, reduction.
Postoperative Ileus: Comparative Pathophysiology and Future Therapies.

Postoperative ileus (POI), a decrease in gastrointestinal motility after surgery, is an important problem facing human and veterinary patients. Retrospective study indicates that 37.5% of horses that develop POI following small intestinal resection will not survive to discharge. The two major components of POI pathophysiology are a neurogenic phase which is then propagated by an inflammatory phase. Perioperative care has also been implicated, namely the use of opioid therapy, inappropriate fluid therapy and electrolyte imbalances. Current therapy for POI variably includes an early return to feeding to induce physiological gastrointestinal motility, reducing the inflammatory response with agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of prokinetic therapy such as lidocaine. However, optimal management of POI remains controversial. A better understanding of the roles of the gastrointestinal microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier function, the post-surgical inflammatory response, as well as enteric glial cells, a component of the enteric nervous system, in modulating postoperative motility and the pathogenesis of POI may provide future targets for prevention and/or therapy of POI.
Reflective Long Period Grating Based Refractive Index Sensor

A reflective long period grating (LPG) realized by a simple brush coating method is presented. We measure the refractive index of a solution both in transmission and reflection mode operation and compare their sensitivity coefficients.
Respiratory Sulfate Reduction

In the microbial world the dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are unique in that they have the ability to utilize inorganic sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor. This respiratory process, occurring under anaerobic conditions, is conducted by SRB for the purpose of generating high energy compounds for biosynthetic reactions involved in their growth and maintenance. Because relatively large amounts of sulfate are required for this mode of life, a serious consequence resulting from the growth of sulfate reducers is the dissemination of massive quantities of hydrogen sulfide in their immediate vicinity. Because of the deleterious consequences that can result from the growth of sulfate reducers, microbiologists have been studying the physiology, biochemistry, and ecology of these microorganisms to learn how to control them in nature.
Treatment of Male Osteoporosis with Parathyroid Hormone

Publisher Summary Anabolic skeletal agents are changing researchers' approach to osteoporosis treatment. Teriparatide, the first available form of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with the most data in men, has emerged as an effective anabolic treatment. This agent increases bone turnover and bone density. In addition, PTH significantly improves skeletal microarchitecture and other bone qualities that contribute to bone strength. These positive effects on several different aspects of bone can accomplish a central goal of therapy, namely to improve the underlying abnormalities that cause skeletal fragility. Although the data for men are not as complete as those available in women, they are nevertheless similar and suggest a similar profile of efficacy and safety.
Microsatellite instability and mutations of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene in colorectal cancer

The TGF beta type II receptor (RII) was found to be mutated within a polyadenine tract in 100 of 111 (90%) colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Other polyadenine tracts of similar length were mutated in these samples but not as frequently as RII. In most cases, the polyadenine tract mutations affected both alleles of RII, and in four tumors heterozygous for the polyadenine mutations, three had additional mutations that were expected to inactivate the other RII allele. These genetic data support the idea that RII behaves like a tumor suppressor during CR cancer development and is a critical target of inactivation in mismatch repair-deficient tumors.
Buffer management simulation in ATM networks

This paper presents a simulation of a new dynamic buffer allocation management scheme in ATM networks. To achieve this objective, an algorithm that detects congestion and updates the dynamic buffer allocation scheme was developed for the OPNET simulation package via the creation of a new ATM module.
Regulation of nitrogen partitioning in field-grown almond trees: effects of fruit load and foliar nitrogen applications.

Two treatments were employed to influence the amount of amino nitrogen (N) transport in phloem. In walnut trees (Juglans regia L.), developing fruit significantly reduced the efflux of foliar-applied 15N-enriched urea from treated spurs over a 33-day period in comparison with similarly-treated defruited spurs. Those data suggest that local aboveground demand for N influences vascular transport of amino N. In another experiment, a 1% urea solution was applied foliarly to 5-year old `Mission' almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] to increase the concentration of amino N in the phloem. The effect of foliar N treatments on a) the transport and distribution of labelled urea N within the trees over the experimental period and b) the uptake of soil-applied labelled N were determined by replicated whole tree excavation, fractionation into various tree components and mass spectrometric analyses of the 14N/15N ratios. Concentrations and composition of amino acids in the phloem and xylem saps of control trees and trees receiving foliar-applied urea were also determined. In foliar urea-treated trees, the amino acid concentrations increased significantly in leaf and bark phloem exudate, within 24 and 96 h, respectively. Foliar-applied urea N was translocated to the roots of almond trees over the experimental period and decreased soil N uptake. The results of these experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that aboveground N demand affects the amount of amino N cycling between shoots and roots, and may be involved in the regulation of soil N uptake.
Weighing Temporal Proximity in Title VII Retaliation Claims

In recent years, employment discrimination retaliation claims have been a growing focus of federal employment law. The primary source of this protection has been § 704(a) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII retaliation claims are litigated using a common judicial framework originally developed for discrimination claims. Courts differ, however, in their individual application of this framework and, as a result, vary significantly in their standards for litigating a Title VII retaliation claim. A significant source of this disparity has been the way in which courts treat the time that elapses between an employee's anti-discrimination activity and an employer's allegedly retaliatory action ("temporal proximity"). This Note evaluates the conflicting approaches to the element of temporal proximity. It concludes that despite the conflicting treatment of temporal proximity evidence by different federal jurisdictions, a single, optimal rule for such evidence can be identified.
Organizational stress, psychological strain, and work outcomes in six national contexts: A closer look at the moderating influences of coping styles and decision latitude

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating roles of two distinct styles of coping and decision latitude on the relationship between three facets of role stress and psychological strain in six national contexts.Design/methodology/approach – The objective of the research is to examine the relative predictive efficacies of three theory specific moderators in six countries which differ on the cultural dimension of individualism‐collectivism. The data are analyzed using moderated regression analysis.Findings – The results show that problem‐focused coping is a better moderator in the individualistic countries and that emotion‐focused coping is a better moderator in the collectivistic contexts. None of the three moderators moderate the relationships in Germany and South Africa – the two countries which had scores in the mid‐range of the individualism‐collectivism continuum. Findings are discussed for their significance into the interplay of cultural variations and coping with work stres...
Evidence on the Timing and Determinants of Overfunded Pension Plan Termination

This paper examines the factors associated with the timing of overfunded pension plan termination.
Evaluation of Patients with Faint in an American Teaching Hospital: A Dire Need for a Standardized Approach

Background:Fainting is a major healthcare problem with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost. We sought to assess the appropriateness of current clinical practice when compared to a guideline-based algorithm. Methods:The records of 100 consecutive patients who presented with faint and were referred to the University of Utah for further evaluation by specialists were reviewed. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, tests performed, diagnosis made, and number of admissions. In addition, we applied a guideline-based algorithm to assess the appropriateness of these evaluations. Results:The mean age was 49 ± 21 years with 57% being female. One-third presented with their first event. Structural heart disease was present in 22% of the cases. Twelve (36%) of 32 admissions were inappropriate. There was an underutilization of orthostatic testing, carotid sinus massage, and implantable loop recorder and overutilization of imaging studies and neurologic consultation. Specifically, active standing and tilt-table testing were performed in only 24% and 7% of the cases, respectively, none of the patients had carotid sinus massage despite 26% of them being ≥65 years old, and only 3% of the patients received an implantable loop recorder. With the current practice, a final diagnosis was made in 45 cases with 17 (38%) of the 45 final diagnoses not being sufficiently supported by the completeness of the evaluation. Conclusion:With the current practice at a major university hospital, the cause of faint was unexplained in a high number of cases. Our findings highlight the need for a standardized approach to patients presenting with faint. (PACE 2011; 34:284–290)
Multicolor Quantum Dots in Molecular Profiling of Cancer Cells and Tissues

Cancer represents a serious threat to our health despite considerable effort by scientific and medical community to combat this disease. It has been shown that detection of specific tumor biomarkers is important for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy. However, a vast genetic and phenotypic variability of cancer first requires appropriate molecular characterization of cancer using conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Being single color and semiquantitative in nature, IHC methods are unable to address the need of quantitative multiplexed molecular profiling of clinical tissue samples. Therefore, development of new molecular profiling technologies is necessary for quantitative analysis of molecular signatures of individual patient's tumors. Quantum dots are emerging as a new class of fluorescent probes for biomolecular and cellular imaging. Owing to their unique optical properties, such as size-tunable light emission, simultaneous excitation of multiple colors, improved brightness, resistance to photobleaching, and extremely large Stokes shift, quantum dots represent a highly promising tool for detection and quantification of multiple biomarkers in cells, tissue samples, and even live organisms. This functionality will allow researchers to correlate a panel of cancer biomarkers with cancer behavior and clinical outcome and will open new opportunities for the development of personalized treatment schemes targeted specifically against markers expressed. Multiplexed marker detection will also provide a high-throughput tool for marker screening in cancer research. Keywords: molecular; cancer; quantum dots; nanoparticles; multiplexing; profiling; imaging; fluorescence; pathology; quantitative; spectroscopy; diagnosis
Distributed simulation test bed for intelligent transportation systems design and analysis

There has been increasing interest in the exploitation of advances in information technology (e.g., mobile computing and wireless communications) in surface transportation systems. Classes of applications that could benefit from such an infrastructure include:• Driver assistance and safety applications: Traffic information or hazardous road conditions may be disseminated to avoid congestion and improve safety.• Commercial applications: Information systems of roadside businesses (hotels, restaurants, gas stations, etc.) can be made accessible to travelers to disseminate up-to-date information (e.g., availability, pricing), or provide services (e.g., reservations, Internet access) to travelers.• Entertainment applications: Passengers may be able to communicate with other, nearby travelers.
Abstract 117: Massachusetts Health Care Reform Reduced Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are documented to be used less often among racial/ethnic minorities. Insurance coverage expansions, such as the 2006 Massachusetts (MA) reform and the 2010 Affordable Care Act, have the potential to reduce disparities in access to health care. Using the quasi-experimental setting of MA reform, we examined the causal impact of coverage expansion on disparities in use of elective and non-elective PCI and CABG. Study Design: We applied a difference-in-differences design for adults aged 40 to 64 (those most at risk for these procedures among the target beneficiaries of reform) stratified by race/ethnicity (Whites, Blacks and Hispanics). We estimated population rates of procedure use (# procedures per 100,000 census population) during the 2 years prior to the start of reform (7/1/2006) and the 2 years following coverage expansion (1/1/2008). To isolate the impact of reform, we adjusted for secular changes unrelated to r...
Autism: Seeing the spectrum entire

Chris Gunter examines a comprehensive history of the science and culture surrounding autism studies.
Leading change, managing resources.

It was a pleasure that my speech at the Fourth ADEA International Women’s Leadership Conference was delivered in the Fernando Pessoa Room. Pessoa was a Portuguese modernist writer in Lisbon in the early twentieth century, and what he’s most famous for is creating an enormous number of alter egos
City Forms of China and India in Global Perspective

China and India are the globe’s two most heavily populated nations, accounting for almost half of the world’s population. Together they also possess a substantial number of the world’s million-plus cities: 25 in China1 and 23 in India (Dutt and Sen, 1992). The absolute number of urban population in both countries is extremely high, 262 million in China (the Statistical Bureau of China, 1988a) and 217 million in India (Dutt and Sen, 1992) However, their urbanization levels are comparatively low because of the very large total population, 1,118,162,727 (July, 1990) and 849,946,001 (July, 1990) respectively (Fact Book, 1992). Both nations have an ancient history of urban civilization. India and China, together with Egypt and Mesopotamia, are the cradles of the earliest cities (Kosambi, 1956 and Cheng, 1957). Urban places in both countries began to develop almost 5,000 years ago.
A novel precision bender system for focusing mirrors

A novel mirror bender system utilizing cam-shaft mover (CSM) with 100 µm eccentricity was designed and successfully tested. The system was initially tested and characterized in the laboratory, and then later the performance was verified using the Advanced Photon Source synchrotron radiation source. The force from the two separate CSMs is translated to both ends of a mirror through a small-diameter bellows feed-through. The system uses an internal spring assembly to compensate for atmospheric pressure. A compact gear box with 10:1 ratio between the stepper motor and cam shaft is used to increase the precision of the bender system. This bender system is equipped with a precise rotary potentiometer and load cell for feedback. A system resolution better than 0.2 µm per step was achieved. This bender system was designed as a separate unit, is very compact and can be used to bend a mirror in both the vertical and horizontal planes. Details of the system design, changes made from the prototype system to the production unit and test results are presented here.
Evolution of Thought on the Buried Precambrian Rocks of Kansas

From the cursory look of the early 20th Century to the detailed look of the 21st Century, the increased data and new concepts changed the interpretation of the buried Precambrian of the Midcontinent. These new data on the Precambrian basement rocks of Kansas through a century highlights the changes and understanding brought about by that additional data. First all, the new data provide a more detailed look at the shape, composition, and age of the basement, and secondly, a reinterpretation utilizing new concepts proposed in the intervening time were possible. These interpretations on the Kansas Precambrian, in fact, can be chronicled by looking at the changes with additional well data and geophysical data, especially magnetics and gravity, during this time period. From these additional data the configuration of the Precambrian surface could be more adequately delineated, the general rock types mapped into terranes, and age dates allowed some interpretation on the development of the basement; this informat...
Juliette Alvin: Her Legacy for Music Therapy in Japan

This historical study explored the contributions of Juliette Alvin to the early development of Japanese music therapy. Alvin visited Japan twice, once in 1967 and once in 1969. Despite the brevity of her stays, Alvin presented Japanese music therapy pioneers with a vivid picture of music therapy profession and clinical practice. Professional associations were launched, catalyzed by her visit. Alvin's clinical demonstrations inspired one of the music therapy pioneers to explore not only his own philosophy but a comprehensive view of the future direction of Japanese music therapy. A young musician, who worked as an assistant in Alvin's sessions, adopted her approach and became a leader in Japanese music therapy. Information about Alvin were obtained from letters, books, newspapers, journal articles, interviews with Japanese music therapy pioneers, and Alvin's own reports on her practice in Japan. Implications of Alvin's approach are also discussed for the role that music therapy today can play in addressing the needs of clients.
Potentiation of phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphoid cells by lithium.

Stimulation of hamster lymph node cells, splenocytes and thymocytes by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) was found to be greatly enhanced by addition of 1–10 mM LiCl to the cultures. Lithium enhanced stimulation, as determined by [3H]TdR incorporation, only if added within the first 24 h of culture. The enhancing effect of lithium was specific for this monovalent cation since equivalent concentrations of KCl or NaCl did not induce a similar effect on [3H]TdR incorporation. The divalent cations Mg2+ (1–10 mM) and Ca2+ (1-1.6 mM), also had an enhancing effect on PHA stimulation. However, addition of Li+ to cultures enhanced with Mg2+ and/or Ca2+ led to an additional potentiation of the response to PHA. These results suggest that Li+ modifies a unique early event during stimulation of lymphoid cells by this mitogen.
EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL HETEROGENEITY IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE OF SMALL POPULATIONS

Population viability models are commonly used to estimate the probability of pprsistence of smrll, thrcatened, or endangered populations. Demographic, temporal, spatial, and individual heterogeneity are inlportant factors affecting the probability of persistence of small populations. Bccausc stochvstic process are intractable analytically (Ludwig [lSSG]), computer simulation models are often used for estimating population viability via numerical techniques. Although demographic, spatial, and temporal stochast~city have becrl i~icurpulaLcld ir~tu some populat io~~ viability models, individual heterogeneity has not been included. In this pnpw we include individual heterogeneity in a simulation model and examine probabilities of population persistence a t different levels of heterogeneity and population size. Individual heterogencity may incrceae the probability of pelsisleoce of rrrlall populations. The mechanism for the extension in persistence may be explained by natural selection. Genotypes persisting through a decline may be those that survive better under the conditiurla cauhing tlic decline. These individuals that survive and reproduce in the face of adverse conditions may extend the probability ths t a small popnlat,ion persists. I \ 1 ,)11..1I. I , , \ . I l ' l i i l l . . \ 1 11111\1 11111 . . . . . 2 . . . . , . 1 .; .I , I , I . .I,,.., I . . ,,.1..,1."' 1. I . . : ,,I. I , . . I , . . . I t ~ ~ r . ~ . ~ t . i~.c, . ,! . 1 t,; , . I : I . > . ~
A Reevaluation of the Hyoid Bones of Protoceratops andrewsi Granger and Gregory, 1923 (Ornithischia: Ceratopsia) and a Review of Hyoid Elements in Ornithischian Dinosaurs

We present a reinterpretation of the bones previously identified as ossified hyoid elements in the Asian Late Cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur Protoceratops andrewsi Granger and Gregory, 1923. Comparisons with other ceratopsian skeletons indicate that the tetraradiate bone tentatively regarded as a first ceratobranchial is actually an incomplete middle cervical rib, and the larger, flattened elements identified as second ceratobranchials are partial sternal plates. As in nearly all other ornithischian dinosaurs for which this area of the skeleton is known, the ossified hyoid apparatus of P. andrewsi probably consisted of a pair of rod-like first ceratobranchials; two additional, splint-like or sheet-like bones that are most frequently interpreted as ceratohyals may also have been present.