cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responses of gravid screwworm flies,Cochliomyia hominivorax, to whole wounds, wound fluid, and a standard blood attractant in olfactometer tests.

Laboratory olfactometer bioassays were used to study attractiveness of whole animal wounds, wound fluid, and reconstituted dried blood to gravid screwworm flies,Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). Flies were attracted to odors from whole wounds that were infested with screwworm larvae but not to those from uninfested wounds that were 0–2 days old. A maximum of 59% of females were attracted to fluid from screwworminfested wounds, and the response changed little over fluid concentrations from 3.3 to 100%. However, blood tested over a similar concentration range yielded a significant linear relationship between log dose and response. Peak attraction was 82%. Attractancy of fluid collected from infested wounds declined when the fluid was stored at − 20 °C for more than four weeks but attractancy of a stored blood sample remained unchanged for three months. The blood attractant(s) was also heat stable and is suitable for use as a reference standard in bioassays.
Classification of Denjoy continua

Abstract We prove Fokkink's theorem, that two Denjoy continua are homeomorphic if and only if the associated irrationals are equivalent, by means of a geometric bifurcation theory approach to continued fractions.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Au Nanocrystals inside Perpendicular Mesochannels of TiO2

Au nanocrystals stabilized by dodecanethiol were deposited into 100−150 nm thick TiO2 films with evenly spaced perpendicular nanopillars and mesochannels on the order of 10 nm supported on conducting ITO/glass electrodes. Electrophoretic deposition was used to enhance nanocrystal deposition within the mesoporous TiO2 film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV−vis spectroscopy, variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM) were used to characterize the resulting Au nanocrystal/TiO2 composites. Au nanocrystal loadings reached 21 wt % and were not kinetically limited at 10 min, relative to depositions performed for 20 h. Both VASE measurements of the anisotropy of the imaginary refractive index, k, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling studies indicate that Au nanocrystals are dispersed within the vertically aligned mesopores and distributed throughout the film. The...
Atrial sensing performance of the single-lead VDD pacemaker during exercise

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the atrial sensing performance of the single-lead VDD pacing system during exercise and concomitant changes in the amplitude of the atrial electrogram. Background. Studies of conventional dual-Chamber pacing have demonstrated an overall reduction in the atrial signal amplitude and a variable incidence of atrial undersensing during vigorous exercise. Methods. Tht telemetered atrial electrogram and simultaneous surface electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously recorded in 12 patients (mean age 70.8 years) with an implanted single-lead VDD pacing system during treadmill stress testing, The atrial signal amplitude was measured at peak exercise, and the patients were monitored for maintained atrial synchronized ventricular pacing during the entire exercise and recovery period. Results. The atrial electrographic voltage decreased an average of 19.5% (p < 0.05) during peak exercise, and the reduced P wave amplitude ranged from 6.9% to 59.4% of the preexercise values in 8 of 12 patients. Three patients showed a modest increase in atrial signal amplitude, and one pateint had no change. The telemetered electrogram displayed persistent and intact atrial synchronous ventricular pacing throughout the study period. Conclusions. Despite relatively low atrial signal amplitudes at rest and further decreases during exercise, the single-lead VDD pacemaker maintains reliable atrial tracking and ventricular pacing during vigorous exercise.
Lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide metabolism in the airway.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to play an important role in airway homeostasis. For this reason its levels and thus its synthesis and consumption are important mechanisms for controlling airway functions. We have identified the major macromolecular consumer of H2O2 in sheep airway secretions to be lactoperoxidase (LPO), a heme peroxidase previously studied in milk and saliva. This enzyme uses H2O2 to oxidize the anion thiocyanate to an antibiotic compound that prevents growth of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. LPO was isolated from sheep airways and proved to be a major constituent comprising about 1% of the soluble protein in airway secretions. The isolated airway LPO was catalytically active and displayed the enzymatic characteristics previously described for the enzyme isolated from bovine milk. Airway LPO activity was shown to increase the rate of bacterial clearance from sheep airways. The role of this enzyme in the airway host defense strongly suggests that an active H2O2 production system exists t...
Constructive Thinking and Elevated Ratings of Self in Interpersonal Groups

ABSTRACT Probing Taylor and Brown's (1988) connection of mental health with favorably slanted self-evaluations, responses to Epstein's (1987) Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI) were correlated with ratings of interpersonal behavior. Several weeks after completing the CTI, 103 small-group members rated themselves and each other for self-accepting and other-accepting conduct. Separately for each acceptance scale, eight CTI measures were correlated with differences of self-ratings (S) from the mean rating individuals' received (R) from others, the mean rating each gave (G) to these others, and all components. Agreeing substantially, indicators S and R also correlated with the CTI measures similarly but in a pattern opposite to G's correlations. Supporting Taylor and Brown, 12 of 16 correlations of CTI measures with intrarater (S – G) differences attained statistical significance (p < .05) unlike any parallel correlation with interrater differences (S – R). Constructive thinking and rating oneself above pe...
A Field's Capacity to support a Butterfly Population

THE controversy among ecologists on ‘density dependence’ swelled out of all proportion due to differences among authors in the meaning and use of such words as ‘carrying capacity’, ‘competition’ and ‘density’. Beneath these unimportant disagreements, however, there lies at least one fundamental question which has seldom been investigated: Does an area have for a species of organism a carrying capacity with the property that the population decreases when it exceeds the carrying capacity and increases when it is less ? Few doubt that each area has such a carrying capacity in theory, but there is little evidence that the carrying capacity is ever reached or has much bearing on the actual size of population. Rather, as Andrewartha and Birch1 have claimed, it is often more useful to ask how recently the population met a catastrophe, to what level it was reduced, and at what rate it is able to recover toward the theoretical carrying capacity until it is overtaken by the next catastrophe. (Smith2, on the other hand, was able to detect evidence of a carrying capacity in Andrewartha's data, but even so it was rather poorly correlated with the actual population.) When extra vertebrates are stocked into an area their population quickly falls to the pre-stocked level3. Thus ecologists have long known that areas reached their carrying capacity in so far as vertebrate populations are concerned; the real question is whether the same is true with respect to invertebrates. It is the purpose of this communication to describe some experiments which not only demonstrate the existence of a carrying capacity for the checkerspot, Melitaea harrisii, but also to show, in general, what determines this carrying-capacity.
The Effect of Pressure in Membrane Reactors: Trade-Off in Permeability and Equilibrium Conversion in the Catalytic Reforming of CH4 with CO2 at High Pressure

The antagonistic effects of pressure on reaction equilibrium and permeability were studied for the first time in a membrane reactor (MR). The reaction employed was the catalytic dry-reforming of methane with carbon dioxide (CH4 + CO2 ⇌ 2CO + 2H2) which produces a net increase in moles and is disfavored by high pressure. The studies were conducted at non-equilibrium conditions in a MR containing a hydrogen-selective ceramic membrane and a packed-bed reactor (PBR) at various pressures (1–20 atm) and temperatures (873 and 923 K) using a Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. Because of the concurrent and selective removal of hydrogen from the reaction in the MR significant enhancements over the PBR in the yields for H2 (>170%) and CO (>130%) in the reaction products were obtained. However, as pressure was increased the enhancement in H2 and CO yields in the MR went through a maximum and then declined. This occurred because, although the rate of hydrogen separation increased with increasing pressure, the conversions of the reactants decreased with increasing pressure. Thus, the maximum was due to a tradeoff between a transport property (hydrogen separation) and a thermodynamic quantity (hydrogen production) which had opposing pressure dependencies. It was also found that the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction (H2 + CO2 ⇌ CO + H2O) occurred simultaneously with the reforming reaction, and at high pressures significantly reduced the amount of hydrogen production in favor of water. The results are general and make the dry-reforming reaction impractical for commercial hydrogen generation regardless of the type of catalyst or reactor used.
Action spectrum for ultraviolet irradiation inactivation of a cytoplasmic component(s) required for neural induction in the amphibian egg

An action spectrum was established for the destruction by ultraviolet radiation of cytoplasmic components of the neural induction system in the eggs of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. The action spectrum showed a peak at 280 nm and a decline towards both 250 nm and 320 nm after quantum corrections were made. These results are compatible with the assumption that proteins are involved in the initial photoreaction.
Effect of the acceleration current on the centrifugal interchange instability

[1] The centrifugal interchange instability is the primary driver of radial plasma transport in the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. Most previous theoretical treatments of this instability have ignored the role of the acceleration current and have assumed that the divergence of the centrifugal drift current in the magnetosphere is closed by Pedersen currents in the underlying ionosphere, through the connection provided by Birkeland (magnetic-field-aligned) currents. This is a reasonable approximation when the radial transport speed is small compared with the rotation speed. However, the exponential growth of the instability inevitably leads to the eventual violation of this condition. I analyze a simplified model of the Io plasma torus to show that when the radial transport speed becomes comparable to the rotation speed, the acceleration current becomes the primary mechanism for closure (actually local cancellation) of the centrifugal drift current, and the connection to the planetary ionosphere therefore becomes irrelevant. An immediate consequence is that the growth rate of the instability does not exceed the planetary rotation rate.
Observations On the Spoor of the Anostracan Branchinecta

[Der Anostrake Branchinecta cf. lindahli hinterlast bei niedrigen Wasserstanden Spuren im Boden-substrat, weil er bei normalen Schwimmmanovern mit seiner nach unten gekehrten Ruckenseite den Boden aufwuhlt. Dadurch kommt es auch zu einem moglichen Transport des aufgewirbelten Sediments. Typische Spuren sind unter anderem: sauber abgefegte Bodenareale, kleinste Furchen und verschiedene Schlepp- und Druckmarkierungen., Der Anostrake Branchinecta cf. lindahli hinterlast bei niedrigen Wasserstanden Spuren im Boden-substrat, weil er bei normalen Schwimmmanovern mit seiner nach unten gekehrten Ruckenseite den Boden aufwuhlt. Dadurch kommt es auch zu einem moglichen Transport des aufgewirbelten Sediments. Typische Spuren sind unter anderem: sauber abgefegte Bodenareale, kleinste Furchen und verschiedene Schlepp- und Druckmarkierungen.]
Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in children: predictive factors and outcome

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acquired thrombocytopenia in children. In 20% of cases, this condition is classified as chronic when the thrombocytopenia is persistent 6 months after diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to identify the potential factors correlating with a favorable outcome in patients with chronic ITP. Some 71 patients affected by ITP were retrospectively analyzed. Results show a higher rate of spontaneous recovery that is statistically significant for patients with platelet count at diagnosis <20,000/µL. These observations suggest the possibility to delay or avoid aggressive surgical treatment for these patients.
Multiple specific contacts between a mammalian transcription factor and its cognate promoters

The human transcription factor Sp1 binds upstream of certain viral and cellular promoters and activates initiation of RNA synthesis from these promoters by RNA polymerase II. The Sp1 binding sites of both simian virus 40 and a related monkey promoter contain multiple copies of the sequence GGGCGG, three or four of these sequences forming close contacts with Spl. The clustered contacts fall on one strand of the DNA and are arranged similarly in the major groove of the DNA helix in both promoters.
Plastic flow in rotary ultrasonic machining of ceramics

Abstract Since rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) appeared some 30 years ago, many experimental studies have been conducted to explore the relations between control variables (such as ultrasonic vibration amplitude, applied static pressure, rotational speed, diamond type, grit size and bond type, etc.) and process outputs (such as material removal rate, tool wear, etc.). However, few investigations into material removal mechanisms of RUM have been published. The material removal in RUM process has been mainly attributed to brittle fracture. In this paper, experimental evidence is presented to show that plastic flow can also be one of the material removal modes in RUM in addition to brittle fracture. To explain the experimental evidence, related work is reviewed and some theoretical analysis is provided.
An experimental study of laminar heat transfer downstream of backsteps

Etude experimentale dans une soufflerie a faible vitesse du transfert de chaleur dans l'ecoulement laminaire d'air a l'aval de gradins de 1,27-0,64 et 0,38 cm de haut. Mesure du champ de temperatures a l'aide d'un interferometre Mach-Zehnder. Etablissement d'une correlation pour le transfert de chaleur
Gianotti-Crosti-like eruption associated with coxsackievirus A-16 infection.

A 2-year-old boy had a cutaneous eruption morphologically identical with the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. No evidence of hepatitis B viral infection was present; however, viral cultures and viral titers confirmed the concurrent infection by coxsackievirus A-16. Patients with this distinctive eruption or with the similar papulovesicular acro-located syndrome should be studied for evidence of coxsackievirus infection.
Stress concentrations due to sharp notches

A photoelastic technique has been developed to determine accurately the fringe order of a sharp notch, i.e., as small as 0.0019 in. in radius, to within ±0.0004 in. of the boundary. The stress is frozen into the specimen, enabling careful study of the specimen. Experimental results are discussed and compared to values obtained from some existing theoretical solutions.
5α-Reductase-catalyzed conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: suppression by 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids

Although the androgens, testosterone (T) and its highly active metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) play a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, the mechanism(s) are unclear. Furthermore, 5 alpha-reductase which catalyze the conversion of T to DHT, has been a target of manipulation in the treatment of prostatic cancer, hence synthetic 5 alpha-reductase activity inhibitors have shown therapeutic promise. To demonstrate that nutrients derived from dietary sources can exert similar therapeutic promise, this study was designed using benign hyperplastic cells (BHC) and malignant tumorigenic cells (MTC) derived from Lobund-Wistar (L-W) rat model of prostatic adenocarcinoma to test the effects of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and their 15-lipoxygenase metabolites on cellular 5 alpha-reductase activity. Our data revealed: (i) that incubation of MTC with [3H]-T resulted in marked conversion to [3H]-DHT when compared to similar incubation with BHC; (ii) that DHT-enhanced activity of 5 alpha-reductase was inhibited 80% by 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, the 15-lipoxygenase metabolite of GLA, when compared to 55% by 15S-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, the 15-lipoxygenase metabolite of EPA; and (iii) that their precursor fatty acids, respectively, exerted moderate inhibition. Taken together, the study underscores the biological importance of 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in androgen metabolism.
An STM study of Cu on Si(001) in the c(8 × 8) structure

Abstract We have studied the growth of Cu on the Si(001) surface over a range of growth temperatures and metal coverages. The only ordered phase seen by low energy electron diffraction (LEED), other than the 2×1 substrate pattern, was a c(8×8) phase which occurs at coverages as low as 0.05 monolayers. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements show that the c(8×8) structure consists of an array of bright features, two per unit cell. We propose one possible atomic structure on the basis of the STM images.
Calcium: first messenger.

Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger in the nervous system linking extracellular and intracellular events. Now a study identifies it as a primary messenger controlling axon and dendrite outgrowth during development via activation of extracellular calcium-sensing receptors, better known in the liver and thyroid than in the brain.
Recurrent fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus

Esophageal malignancies make up the majority of esophageal tumors. Benign esophageal lesions comprise less than 25% of esophageal masses. 1 Unlike their malignant counterpart, benign tumors carry a favorable prognosis if an accurate diagnosis is made. Benign tumors are classified as either intramural or intraluminal. The majority of the intramural tumors are leiomyomas. Of the intraluminal tumors, giant fibrovascular polyps are the most common.’ These polyps arise in the upper one third of the esophagus, usually just below the cricopharyngeous muscle. Fibrovascular polyps are usually solitary lesions, although multiple polyps have been reported. They can be unilobular or multilobular. Histologically, these polyps are fibrous in nature with a variable degree of vascularity.3 Because these polyps originate below the upper esophageal sphincter, resection is usually performed through a cervical incision. Recurrence of these polyps after surgical resection is extremely rare and malignant degeneration has not been documented.4 The differential diagnosis of these lesions includes leiomyoma, cysts, lipoma, hamartoma, lymphangioma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, papilloma, hemagioma, fibromas, inflammatory pseudotumor, and benign schwannoma. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of recurrent fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus and to review current modalities of diagnosis and treatment.
Comparison of laboratory techniques for evaluating the fracture toughness of glassy polymers

Several test methods were employed to determine polymer fracture toughness (Ic, the opening-mode strain energy release rate) at room temperature. The materials used included DGEBA epoxies and those modified by the addition of CTBN elastomers. Double-cantilever beam specimens were used to determine the fracture toughness both of bulk resins and of an adhesive layer bonded between two aluminum half-beams. The adhesive fracture toughness of a 0.025-cm bond was slightly less than the bulk Ic value, attributed to the bond thickness effect. Fracture toughness of bulk resins was also evaluated by using both rectangular and round compact tension specimens. The results, when compared with those obtained with the bulk double-cantilever beams, are quite acceptable. The thickness of compact tension specimens, ranging from 0.64 to 1.0 cm, might not give pure plane-strain conditions, and thus some plane-stress contribution to Ic should be expected for the tougher materials. Izod impact tests were also carried out to determine sample fracture toughness at high loading rate.
Autoimmune Basis for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

BackgroundPatients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) have exaggerated orthostatic tachycardia often following a viral illness, suggesting autoimmunity may play a pathophysiological role in ...
Mechanism of suppression in Drosophila melanogaster VIII. Comparison of su ( s ) alleles for ability to suppress the mutants purple, vermilion, and speck

The suppressor of sable [ su ( s ) 2 ] restores the function of vermilion ( v ), purple ( pr ) and speck ( sp ) as well as sable ( s ) in Drosophila melanogaster . In this report various alleles of su ( s ) are compared for their relative effectiveness on three target mutations, v , pr and sp . Three criteria for suppression of pr and v were employed: visible phenotype, eye pigment levels (drosopterins and xanthommatin) and enzyme levels (sepiapterin synthase and tryptophan oxygenase). For sp only the visible phenotype was examined. By all three criteria pr was found to be more easily suppressed than v ; v and sp were comparable. By use of pr with various alleles of su ( s ) either homozygously or in heterozygous combination with su ( s ) + , the extent of suppression of pr can be best demonstrated by observing the levels of sepiapterin synthase; normal levels of drosopterins were found in females when sepiapterin synthase was only 20% of normal. On the other hand, the extent of suppression of v is best demonstrated by the amount of xanthommatin eye pigment, because even the suppressed vermilion fly has su ( s ) 2 , and other alleles, are not recessive but, in heterozygous combination with su ( s ) + , cause marked suppression of pr and slight, but reproducible, suppression of v . The purple mutation, therefore, is particularly useful for studying the mechanism of suppression as well as for obtaining new mutant alleles of su ( s ).
Modified methods of fundamental solutions for harmonic and biharmonic problems with boundary singularities

A modified version of the method of fundamental solutions which incorporates the singular behavior of the problem under consideration is introduced. The method is tested on potential and biharmonic problems and its performance is compared to the performance of the standard method of fundamental solutions.
Performance Analysis of a Rankine-Goswami Combined Cycle

Improving the efficiency of thermodynamic cycles plays a fundamental role in reducing the cost of solar power plants. These plants work normally with Rankine cycles which present some disadvantages due to the thermodynamic behavior of steam at low pressures. These disadvantages can be reduced by introducing alternatives such as combined cycles which combine the best features of each cycle. In this paper a combined Rankine-Goswami cycle (RGC) is proposed and a thermodynamic analysis is conducted. The Goswami cycle, used as a bottoming cycle, uses ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid and produces power and refrigeration while power is the primary goal. This bottoming cycle, reduces the energy losses in the traditional condenser and eliminates the high specific volume and poor vapor quality presented in the last stages of the lower pressure turbine in the Rankine cycle. In addition, the use of absorption condensation in the Goswami cycle, for regeneration of the strong solution, allows operating the low pressure side of the cycle above atmospheric pressure which eliminates the need for maintaining a vacuum pressure in the condenser. The performance of the proposed combined Rankine-Goswami cycle, under full load, was investigated for applications in parabolic trough solar thermal plants for a range from 40 to 50 MW sizes. A sensitivity analysis to study the effect of the ammonia concentration, condenser pressure and rectifier concentration on the cycle efficiency, network and cooling was performed. The results indicate that the proposed RGC provide a difference in net power output between 15.7 and 42.3% for condenser pressures between 1 to 9 bars. The maximum effective first law and exergy efficiencies for an ammonia mass fraction of 0.5 are calculated as 36.7% and 24.7% respectively for the base case (no superheater or rectifier process).Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Multiweek cell culture project for use in upper-level biology laboratories

This article describes a laboratory protocol for a multiweek project piloted in a new upper-level biology laboratory (BIO 426) using cell culture techniques. Human embryonic kidney-293 cells were used, and several culture media and supplements were identified for students to design their own experiments. Treatments included amino acids, EGF, caffeine, epinephrine, heavy metals, and FBS. Students researched primary literature to determine their experimental variables, made their own solutions, and treated their cells over a period of 2 wk. Before this, a sterile technique laboratory was developed to teach students how to work with the cells and minimize contamination. Students designed their experiments, mixed their solutions, seeded their cells, and treated them with their control and experimental media. Students had the choice of manipulating a number of variables, including incubation times, exposure to treatment media, and temperature. At the end of the experiment, students observed the effects of their treatment, harvested and dyed their cells, counted relative cell numbers in control and treatment flasks, and determined the ratio of living to dead cells using a hemocytometer. At the conclusion of the experiment, students presented their findings in a poster presentation. This laboratory can be expanded or adapted to include additional cell lines and treatments. The ability to design and implement their own experiments has been shown to increase student engagement in the biology-related laboratory activities as well as develop the critical thinking skills needed for independent research.
Development of an Electronic Version of the Homework Performance Questionnaire for Parents.

Homework is a standard, yet controversial, component of the American educational system. Unfortunately, research on parent pereeptions of the effi­ cacy of homework has been limited by a lack of reliable, valid measurement. The present study assessed the structural validity of an electronie version ofa newly developed homework performance scale. Partieipants were 126 parents of students in a rural Illinois school district. A common factor analysis with principal axis extraction and promax rotation was employed. Three salient factors resulted: Student Task Engagement/Efficiency; Student Competence; and Teacher Support. These results indicate that scores on the electronic Homework Perfonnance Questionnaire~Parent Scale (HPQ-PE) have a factor structure similar to the factor structure found previously with the paper-and-pencil version. Given these results, the HPQ-PE has the potential to become a useful tool for improving research on homework and infonning the development of homework policies.
Hanford Waste Blending and the Value of Research: Stochastic Optimization as a Policy Tool

A new optimization framework is applied to management of radioactive wastes stored in belowground tanks at the US Government’s Hanford, WA, nuclear fuels facility. Current remediation plans call for vitrification of the tank contents. Blending of the wastes prior to glass formation reduces the amount of material required for processing, therefore decreasing disposal costs. Uncertainty in the tank contents, the error inherent in the glass property models governing vitrification, and computational difficulties, however, render determination of an optimal tankblend assignment a challenge to existing optimization techniques. Previous studies have focused exclusively on minimization of processing and disposal costs, ignoring such management-related dimensions as the value of reducing select sources of uncertainty. Moreover, the stochastic framework employed by these studies could not guarantee that the glass property requirements were met on more than a probabilistic basis. This paper presents a more flexible, efficient, and robust optimization framework that facilitates analysis of the trade-off in reducing select sources of uncertainty. Specifically, the prediction error of the glass property models is found to be more significant than variation in tank component mass fraction estimates, and constraint violations are traced to the need to meet a limited set of glass property characteristics.
Design and Modeling of an Active Attitude Control System for CubeSat Class Satellites

CINEMA (CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electrons, and MAgnetic fields) is part of the new generation of CubeSat-class satellites that are being developed to perform scientific missions. CINEMA will provide significant magnetospheric science and critical space weather measurements, including unique high sensitivity Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) mapping, and high cadence movies of ring current ENAs in stereo from low Earth orbit. Designing an attitude control system (ACS) to fit within the envelope of CINEMA is a critical development process for the mission. The ACS design, implementation and tests for this type of spacecraft have to rely mainly on simulations. A complete simulation of the spacecraft environment and the ACS system is created to verify the ACS design. The simulation verifies that the ACS is capable of achieving the desired orientation without ground communication, while maintaining a power and thermal-safe orientation.
A study of the relationship between attitudes towards world population growth and USA population growth.

A total of 4841 adults 21 years of age or older were interviewed in the fall of 1967 in a national poll sponsored by the Population Council concerning the rate of U.S. and world population growth. About 1/2 of all respondents saw both the U.S. and world population growth as a serious problem about 1 in 5 felt the world population growth rate was serious and the U.S. rate not serious roughly 1 in 7 thought that both rates were not serious and 1 in 25 thought the U.S. rate serious and the world rate not serious. As educational level increased the proportion viewing both rates as not serious tended to drop. The proportion thinking the world rate serious and the U.S. rate not serious was increased steadily from those with Grade 8 or less schooling (14%) to those who were college graduates (31%) and from those in families earning under $3000 annually (13%) to those in families earning at least $10000 (28%). As educational level increased the proportion viewing both the world and U.S. growth rates as not serious tended to drop. The proportion viewing both the rates as serious increased from East to Midwest to South to West (45% 49% 50% 53% respectively) while the proportion considering the 2 rates as not serious tended to decline (20% 18% 15% 11%). Caucasians were more likely to view both the world and U.S. population growth as serious or world but not U.S. growth as serious than Negores. Negroes were more likely to consider the U.S. rate as serious and the world rate as not serious. Catholics were more likely than Protestants to define the 2 rates as not serious. Of the respondents viewing the world rate as serious roughly 2/3 consider the U.S. rate to be a serious problem. Among those viewing the world rate as not a serious problem about 4 out of 5 felt the U.S. rate also was not serious. Females defining the world rate as a serious problem were more likely than males with this view to see the U.S. rate as serious. 9 out of 10 who felt the U.S. rate was a serious problem defined the world rate as serious. The view that the world rate is not serious is a strong predictor of the view that the U.S. rate is not serious.
Experimental studies on the phase distribution of two copolarized signals scattered from two-dimensional rough surfaces

The experiment results of the phase distribution of millimeter-waves scattered from two-dimensional rough surfaces of controlled surface roughness statistics are presented. The statistics of /spl phi//sub vv/-/spl phi//sub hh/ were obtained for different surfaces, including very rough surfaces which are known to create backscattering enhancement. It is shown that the distribution of /spl phi//sub vv/-/spl phi//sub hh/ is strongly related to the surface roughness. In addition, the authors found that the standard deviation decreases as the incidence angle increases. This phenomena is contradictory to the reported data of radar scattering from soil.
Silver( i ) ions modulate the stability of DNA duplexes containing cytosine, methylcytosine and hydroxymethylcytosine at different salt concentrations

Silver(I) ions can stabilize cytosine-cytosine, cytosine (C)-methylcytosine (5mC) and cytosine-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) mismatched-base pairs. While cytosine modifications regulate DNA stability to regulate cellular functions, silver ions can modulate the stability of C-C, C-5mC and C-5hmC containing DNA duplexes in a salt concentration dependent manner.
The hydroxylation of fluorite under hydrothermal conditions

At one atmosphere, CaF2 hydrolyzes according to the reaction (l) CaF2 + H2O = CaO + 2HF, with a transitory, intermediate step (2), CaF2 + rH2O = CaF2-lOH), + xHF. Because reaction (l) is suppressed at elevatedpressures, crystallization of CaF2-lOH)x is io be expeCted under hydrothermal conditions, but has not been reported owing to thl small value of x. Sxierim6hts with CaF2 have been carried out between 800o and 1000'C and at a P(H2O) between 300 and 500 bars using rapid-quenching teahniques. Distinct shoulders on (l1l) and Q20) X-ray reflections of CaFT have been observed. These are believed to represent CaF2_r(OH)x, with a unit cell parameter approximately 0.02 A larger than that of CaF2. An infrared absorption band corresponding to (OHX-3670 cm-r) was observed in experiments at and above 975'C. Above 230'C, solutions in equilibrium with fluorite are known to contain more than twice as much F as C*+ , suggesting hydrolysis according to reaction (2). The implied value of :r is extremely small' but increases with temperature in the absence of silica. CaF2 hydrolyzes with decreasing temperature in the presence of silica because the equilibrium SiO2 + 4HF = SiFe + 2HrO shifts progressively to the right, decreasing HF fugacity. Contrary to common belief, CaF2 deviates from ideal stoichiometry under hydrothermal conditions, particularly at
Phylogeny and Paleontology

Paleontologists have traditionally regarded the temporal sequence of fossils as central to the concept of phylogeny. In recent years the significance of the time aspect has been questioned by a number of systematists who argue that the fossil record can offer only a very incomplete picture of phylogeny and that temporal criteria are generally less reliable than morphologic ones in working out relationships. We intend to explore these different opinions by considering both the nature of paleontological data and some methodological generalizations concerning their use.
A systematic review of the role of re-laparoscopy in the management of complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery

The benefits of laparoscopic versus open surgery for patients with both benign and malignant colorectal disease have been well established. Re-laparoscopy in patients who develop complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery has recently been reported by some groups and the aim of this systematic review was to summarise this literature. A literature search of PubMed, Medline and EMBASE identified a total of 11 studies that reported laparoscopic re-intervention for complications in 187 patients following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The majority of these patients required re-intervention in the immediate postoperative period (i.e. less than seven days). Anastomotic leakage was the commonest complication requiring re-laparoscopy reported (n = 139). Other complications included postoperative hernia (n = 12), bleeding (n = 9), adhesions (n = 7), small bowel obstruction (n = 4), colonic ischaemia (n = 4), bowel and ureteric injury (n = 3 respectively) and colocutaneous fistula (n = 1). Ninety-seven percent of patients (n = 182) who underwent re-laparoscopy had their complications successfully managed by re-laparoscopy, maintaining the benefits of the laparoscopic approach and avoiding a laparotomy. We conclude that re-laparoscopy for managing complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery appears to be safe and effective in highly selected patients.
A Terminal Case: Cincinnati's Fight to Save an Art Deco Landmark

During the past few months Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio (Fig. 1), has been the center of local and national attention generated by the building's fateful demise as a train station and at the same time its recognition as a significant art work representative of the Art Deco style of the 1930's. As the product of an era devoted to large showplaces, such as the Rockefeller Center complex in New York, Union Terminal, with its large interior mosaics, its streamlined floor patterns and its color-shaped dome, has no peer among modern railroad stations in the United States. Completed in 1933, symbolizing civic pride wedded to modern industrial design, Union Terminal came at the end of the burgeoning support for passenger train service, a fact sadly forecast even before the building was completed, but which became apparent after World War II when train service declined. Other train stations, in this country and Canada, are faced with similar problems of preservation because of the loss of train use. A federa...
Composition as Identity: Part 1

Many of us think that ordinary objects – such as tables and chairs – exist. We also think that ordinary objects have parts: my chair has a seat and some legs as parts, for example. But once we are committed to the (seemingly innocuous) thesis that ordinary objects are composed of parts, we then open ourselves up to a whole host of philosophical problems, most of which center on what exactly the composition relation is. Composition as Identity (CI) is the view that the composition relation is the identity relation. While such a view has some advantages, there are many arguments against it. In this essay, I will briefly canvass three different varieties of Composition as Identity, and suggest why one of them should be preferred over the others. Then I will outline several versions of the most common objection against CI. I will suggest how a CI theorist can respond to these charges by maintaining that some of the arguments are invalid. (In part 2, I show how a CI theorist can maintain that the remaining arguments, while valid, are unsound).
Collecting Counters: Gathering statistics is important, but so is making them available to others.

Over the past month I’ve been trying to figure out a problem that occurs on our systems when the network is under heavy load. After about two weeks I was able to narrow down the problem from "the network is broken" (a phrase that my coworkers use mostly to annoy me), to being something that is going wrong on the network interfaces in our systems.
Nonadherence to Oral Medications for Chronic Conditions in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Purpose:Nonadherence to oral endocrine therapy is common among women with breast cancer (BC). Less is known about nonadherence to medications for other chronic conditions among survivors of BC.Methods:We used the MarketScan Database to identify women older than 18 years who had nonmetastatic BC diagnosed between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. Prescriptions were identified for the following six non–cancer-related conditions: hypertension, thyroid disease, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. The study period was defined as 1 year before BC diagnosis (index date) through 1.5 years after the index date, with a 6-month washout period after the index data to control for adherence during the preoperative period and during chemotherapy if necessary. Adherence was defined as a medication possession ratio ≥ 80%. Change in adherence was defined as a 20% decrease in the medication possession ratio from the time before diagnosis compared with after treatment. Factors a...
Hydrophobicity of Poly(A)-Binding Protein's Intrinsically Disordered Region Determines its Conformation and Organism Thermotolerance

Many intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are involved in promoting and regulating protein-protein interactions and liquid-liquid phase separations. How the amino acid composition and conformation of an IDR translates into biological functions is not well understood. Here, we study the proline-rich IDR (P domain) of budding yeast's poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1), a canonical marker and implicated promoter of stress granules. The P domain has a conserved composition containing low charge, and near-average hydrophobicity (compared to other IDRs), and hence, is expected to be prone to non-specific collapse and aggregation due to a preference for H-bonding. We found that the domain collapses but is disordered by SAXS, CD and NMR. Collapse is robust, being retained even upon sequence randomization or substitution of all glycines (14% of residues) to prolines (19% to 33%) or alanines (12% to 26%). Only substitutions to hydrophobic residues such as methionine and valine (10% and 5% respectively) that weaken hydrophobicity perturb collapse. The mutational data suggest that hydrophobicity rather then H-bonding or specific packing drives collapse. We also found that the aggregation propensity of Pab1 bearing substitutions to the P domain correlates with collapse suggesting that both intra- and inter- molecular contacts are influential. Furthermore, we find that yeast natively expressing Pab1 with these substitutions in the P domain have thermotolerance that correlates with collapse and aggregation propensity. The correlation suggests that the biological function of the P domain is related to its hydrophobicity, that interaction between hydrophobic contacts of an IDR can be relevant for weak protein interactions such as those of membrane-less organelles such as stress granules, and establishes that even in IDRs, hydrophobicity can determine conformation and function.
Encountering Ambiguity: Muʿtazilī and Twelver Shīʿī Approaches to the Qur'an's Ambiguous Verses

Within the broader discipline of Qur'anic exegesis, the sub-genre of the mutashābihāt al-Qurʾān (the ambiguous verses of the Qur'an) is comprised of works dedicated to the identification and explication of those verses that present theological or linguistic challenges. Yet, the approach, style, and objective of the scholars who have written commentaries on the ambiguous verses are far from monolithic. This essay brings into focus the internal diversity of this important exegetical tradition by focusing on the Qur'an commentaries of two major scholars in fourth/eleventh-century Baghdad, al-Sharīf al-Raḍī (d. 406/1016) and Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār (d. 415/1025). Al-Raḍī was a prominent Twelver Shīʿī theologian and poet while ʿAbd al-Jabbār was a leading Muʿtazilī theologian during this period; al-Raḍī was also ʿAbd al-Jabbār's student and disciple. Through a close reading of their respective commentaries on two Qur'anic verses, I explore possible interconnections and interactions between Shīʿī and Muʿtazilī trad...
Photoacoustics as a New Modality for Recording Membrane Potential Changes

Voltage sensitive dyes (VSD) are designed to monitor the membrane potential by detecting fluorescence change in response to neuronal or muscle electrical activity. However, fluorescence imaging is limited by depth of penetration and high scattering losses which leads to low sensitivity in vivo systems for external detection. In contrast, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, an emerging modality, is capable of deep tissue, noninvasive imaging by combining near infrared light excitation and ultrasound detection.
Defeating Urinary Incontinence with Exercise Training: Results of a Pilot Study in Frail Older Women.

Objectives To determine whether combining behavioral urinary incontinence (UI) treatments with physical activity improves UI in frail older women. Design Single-blind, two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting Senior apartments. Participants Frail women (mean age 84.9 ± 6.4) without dementia (n = 42). Intervention Twelve-week program of customized behavioral UI treatments: 150 minutes of weekly walking and twice weekly strength training classes. Measurements UI was measured using 3-day bladder diaries, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ), and UI global improvement questions. Toileting skills were measured using the Performance Oriented Timed Toileting Instrument (POTTI) and the Minnesota Toileting Skills Questionnaire (MTSQ). Physical function was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery. UI-related quality of life was measured using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and Urogenital Distress Inventory. Results The treatment group reported a 50% reduction in daily leaks using bladder diaries, and the control group reported no change (P = .04). Although there were no group differences in total ICIQ scores (P = .66), the treatment group reported significantly greater improvement on the ICIQ item for urine leakage (P = .01). More than 81% of the treatment group and 36% of the control group reported improvement in UI (χ2 = 4.84, P = .01), with mean estimated percentage improvement of 65.3 ± 32.0 versus 34.1 ± 41.3 (P = .03). Although the difference was not statistically significant, treatment group participants improved their toileting skills, whereas those of the control group declined (P = .42 POTTI, P = .11 MTSQ). Balance (P = .33) and gait (P = .24) improved more in the treatment group, whereas chair stands improved more in the control group (P = .14). Conclusion UI may be improved in frail older women by combining behavioral strategies for UI with physical activity, but larger trails are needed to determine whether these findings can be replicated and sustained.
The Not So Pokey Hokies

ABSTRACT: “The Not So Pokey Hokies” is a running club comprised of runners based on real people who participate in a wide range of running activities including charitable race participation, not-for-profit running organization management, nationally competitive racing, pacing, competitive team membership, coaching, and collegiate sports. This case requires students to identify tax issues related to the running club members' running activities and address the issues using tax research skills. Each runner in the case is based on a real person and is presented as a separate scenario with some common concepts across the scenarios. Specific concepts included are hobby versus for-profit activity classification, independent contractor versus employee role classification, income recognition, expense deductibility, charitable contribution deductions, and athletic scholarship taxation. The modular nature of the case allows the instructor to assign specific tax issues or entire scenarios, depending on the nature of ...