cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Rights and Ethno-Development: The Life of an Indigenous Organization in the Rio Negro of Brazil

Following a successful campaign to end the unlawful practices of trafficking that brought them to Manaus, indigenous Tukanoan women from the Upper Rio Negro established a local indigenous organization with which to plan and manage their own ethno-development, including cultural heritage activities, institution building, revenue development, health and legal services, community, and other initiatives. The case provides an opportunity to explore indigenous ethno-development, a concept at the heart of the theory and practice of Shelton (Sandy) Davis. No seguimento de uma campanha bem sucessida em Manaus para terminar com praticas de trafego ilegais, mulheres indigenas da tribo Tukano do Alto Rio Negro fundaram uma organizacao indigena local com o fim de planejar e gerir o seu proprio desenvolvimento etnografico, incluindo atividades culturais e patrimoniais, reforco institucional, desenvolvimento de rendimentos, servicos de saude e legais, iniciativas comunitarias e outras. Este caso oferece uma oportunidade para estudar o desenvolvimento etnografico, um conceito central na teoria e practica de Shelton (Sandy) Davis.
An Integrated Curricular Design for Computer-Assisted Translation Tools: Developing Technical Expertise.

Increasing project complexity and a high level of specialization in the language industry have resulted in a demand for translation professionals with sophisticated technical skills. This has made ...
Glitch Art in Theory and Practice: Critical Failures and Post-Digital Aesthetics

Glitch Art in Theory and Practice: Critical Failures and Post-Digital Aesthetics explores the concept of "glitch" alongside contemporary digital political economy to develop a general theory of critical media using glitch as a case study and model, focusing specifically on examples of digital art and aesthetics. While prior literature on glitch practice in visual arts has been divided between historical discussions and social-political analyses, this work provides a rigorous, contemporary theoretical foundation and framework.
Optical image processing using photonic crystal slab

Abstract We discuss the implementation of several isotropic image filters in the wavevector domain using a single photonic crystal slab device. Such a slab is designed so that the guided resonance near the Γ point exhibits an isotropic band structure. Depending on the light frequency and the choice of transmission or reflection mode, the device realizes isotropic high-pass, low-pass, band-reject, and band-pass filtering in wavevector space. These filter functions are important for various image processing tasks, including edge detection, smoothing, white noise suppression, and suppression or extraction of periodic noises. We numerically demonstrate these filter functionalities by simulations. This work expands the application of nanophotonics-based optical analog computing for image processing.
America’s Military Failures

The prime culprit of US military failures is a poor grasp of the circumstances in which force is used or threatened.
Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of ZnGeN2 Films on Sapphire

Heterovalent ternary ZnGeN2 thin films were grown on c-, r-, and a-sapphire substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The crystal structure of the films was identified by X-ray diffr...
The Role of Symbioses in the Adaptation and Stress Responses of Marine Organisms.

Ocean ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented rates of climate and anthropogenic change, which can often initiate stress in marine organisms. Symbioses, or associations between different organism...
Testing “racial fetish” in health prevention messages: Chinese evaluation of ethnicity-(in)congruent messages as a function of out-group favoritism

Previous research argues that readers should prefer messages featuring their own ethnicity. However, in China, messages featuring white people are common. We investigate Chinese participants evalua...
Mapping the association between exposure to violence and mental health problems among a representative sample of youth in Bangladesh

Abstract Objective To assess the mental health risk associated with exposure to violence among Bangladeshi youth. Methods Using the 2014 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) for Bangladesh we estimated the prevalence of common depression and anxiety symptomology as well as violence exposure. We followed with multivariate analysis to estimate whether exposure to violence predicts this symptomology. Results Sizeable proportions of this population have experienced past-year exposure to violence in the form of being involved in fights (22%) or being attacked (63%). Approximately 12% of the population reports past-year suicidality, with over 40% reporting sleep loss due to anxiety either some, most, or all of the time. Among adolescent girls, being attacked was a significant predictor of both depressive symptoms, greater anxiety, and a combined symptom category. Among adolescent girls, being involved in fights bore these same relationships. Conclusion Independent of age, sex, and food security, exposure to violence is significantly associated with mental illness symptomology. These relationships are not the same between adolescent boys and girls, or between depressive and anxiety symptoms. We explain the differences using Susan Rosenfield’s concept of gender differences in externalization and internalization of problems. Implications are discussed.
Damage propagation in short fiber thermoplastic composites analyzed through coupled 3D experiments and simulations

Abstract Due to the complex nature of the heterogeneous microstructures of short fiber composites, computationally predicting their mechanical behavior, especially past the elastic regime and into the damage initiation and progression regimes, is very challenging. Matrix cracking has notably been difficult to predict because it can propagate in different manners, such as fiber mediated interfacial cracking and conoidal cracking, which have not been well understood. Therefore, this work couples in-situ X-ray micro tomography experiments with a finite element simulation of the exact microstructure to enable a sub-fiber 3D microstructural study by tracking damage propagation and computing the local stresses and strains in the microstructure. Here we show the role of shear stress in interfacial cracking (and how it differs from debonding), the role of hydrostatic stress in conoidal cracking, and the role of environmental damage in longitudinal fiber breakage. In doing so, this work gives insight into the stress states resulting in non-linear damage propagation in thermoplastic fiber composites.
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with Monocytosis.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms comprising of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) that share driver mutations (JAK2/CALR/MPL) resulting in constitutive activation of JAK/STAT and other signaling pathways. Patients with MPN have shortened survival and an inherent risk for leukemic evolution. Prognostically relevant clinical and genetic parameters have been incorporated into mutation-enhanced scoring systems (MIPSS70-plus version 2.0, MIPSS-ET/PV). In the current review, we describe clinical and pathological features along with prognostic significance of MPN with monocytosis. Monocytosis, defined by an absolute monocyte count (AMC) ≥ 1 × 10 9/L, is a typical manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) but is also associated with 21% and 17% of PV and PMF patients, respectively. Recent studies on the subject have reported that MPN patients with monocytosis are older and present with concomitant leukocytosis. In regard to PV, patients with monocytosis harbor unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities including +8, 7/7q, i(17q), 5/5q−,12p−, inv(3), or 11q23 rearrangement and SRSF2 mutations, whereas PMF patients with monocytosis had significant thrombocytopenia, higher circulating blasts, higher symptom burden, and ASXL1 mutations. Moreover, presence of monocytosis predicted inferior survival in both PV and PMF. Monocytosis in MPN is associated with a distinct clinical and genetic profile and may serve as a marker of aggressive disease biology.
The PLATO System: An Evaluative Description

PLATO is a fast, flexible, and responsive system designed expressly to present interactive instructional lessons attractively and economically. From initial research data collected on three predecessor systems over a period of 15 years, PLATO developers concluded that they would have to make extensive modifications in existing computer equipment before it would be suitable for delivering the kind of individualized instruction they wanted. They also found that they had to depart from the traditional architecture of computer systems and to develop a new author language. These tasks were necessary because available computer systems had been optimized for scientific and business applications with requirements that were very different from those of the instructional setting.
Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia is More Severe in Human FcγRIIa Transgenic Mice than in Wild-type Mice • 782

Human FcγRIIa is the platelet receptor for IgG. FcγRIIa is also expressed in man along with the FcγRI/γ and FcγRIIa/γ complexes on spleen macrophages. Mice lack an equivalent of FcγRIIa although it is likely to be a key receptor in immune-mediated thrombocytopenias. We established transgenic mouse lines that express human platelet FcγRIIa at levels equivalent to human platelets in order to determine if immune-mediated thrombocytopenia would be more severe in these transgenic mice which more fully recapitulate the human Fc receptor endowment. We showed that the human receptor is functional on mouse platelets using platelet aggregation stimulated by antibody in vitro. To determine whether this receptor was functional in vivo, we injected mice from this transgenic line with 70 μg of 4A5 antibody, a previously characterized rat anti-mouse platelet antibody found to cause moderate thrombocytopenia in wild type mice. We compared the transgenic mice to wild type mice. We followed the time course of platelet counts in mice injected with saline or isotype control (n=6 each) versus wild type mice (n=6) and FcγRIIa transgenic mice (n=9) receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of antibody on day 0. Intravenous injection gave comparable nadir platelet counts, with more rapid kinetics as expected. The average platelet count in wild type mice decreased to a nadir of 0.60 × 106 / μL on day 6 from a pre-treatment count of 1.13 × 106/ μL following injection of the antibody, in keeping with literature results on this antibody. In FcγRIIa transgenic mice there was a greater response to 4A5. The average count reached a nadir on day 6 after injection of 0.12 × 106 / μL (n = 9; statistically significantly different from wild-type, p < 0.05), while the pre-treatment and recovery counts of the transgenic mice were similar to the controls, with platelet counts of 0.96 × 106 / μL. In FcR γ-chain knockout mice which express no FcγRI or RIII, no 4A5-induced thrombocytopenia was seen (n = 6). Human FcγRIIa transgenic mice have more severe antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia in vivo, suggesting that the human FcγRIIa receptor is functional in vivo in these transgenic mice and contributes to the increased clearance of platelets. Our human FcγRIIa transgenic mice will be a valuable model of the pathophysiology and therapy of human immune-mediated thrombocytopenia disorders, including neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Characterization of cardiac conduction system abnormalities in mice with targeted disruption of Six5 gene.

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder, caused by expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the 3′ untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene (DMPK) on chromosome 19q13. Cardiac involvement in DM includes conduction abnormalities and functional deficits. Three hypotheses of molecular mechanisms for DM pathophysiology are; first, partial loss of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK); second, decreased transcription of a neighboring homeodomain-encoding gene, Six5 (or DMAHP), and third, transdominant effects of the RNA and regulation of splicing associated with expression of expanded CUG repeats. However, the precise pathogenetic mechanism remains unresolved. We previously reported that dosage of Dm15, the mouse homologue of DMPK, strongly associates with the cardiac conduction abnormalities. For further distinction of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac phenotype of DM, in the present study, we characterized the cardiac conduction findings of mice with targeted disruption of Six5 gene. Six5 heterozygous mice (adult and young) and their age matched wild type littermates were studied using in vivo electrophysiologic techniques, echocardiography, heart rate variability and exercise tolerance testing. No PR prolongation was detected, however, prolonged QRS duration and delayed infraHisian conduction were significant in adult Six5 heterozygous mice. By echocardiography, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension was enlarged in adult Six5 heterozygous mice, although neither fractioning shortening nor LV wall thickness showed significant differences. Six5 loss may partly contribute to conduction abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy, particularly infraHisian conduction delay, one of the initial phenotypes of adult-onset cardiac conduction abnormalities in DM patients.
Democracy, scientific management and urban reform

Analyses the Bureau of Municipal Research′s (BMR) role in the 1912 New York City School Inquiry to show the democratic orientation of key people trying to transfer scientific management to government. Because much modern public administration literature portrays scientific management as authoritarian, some people assume its proponents wanted to shut the populace out of public‐sector decision making by transfering power from elected officials to experts. The School Inquiry case shows how important reformers committed to scientific management sought to maximize the control that elected officials had over a key administrative function. The BMR stressed this democratic point of view until threats from its principal financial backer forced it to downplay its voice on educational issues and its innovative concept of efficient citizenship.
What Good is Consciousness

If consciousness is good for something, conscious things must differ in some causally relevant way from unconscious things. If they do not, then, as Davies and Humphreys conclude, too bad for consciousness: ‘psychological theory need not be concerned with this topic.’ Davies and Humphreys are applying a respectable metaphysical idea — the idea, namely, that if an object's having a property does not make a difference to what that object does, if the object's causal powers are in no way enhanced (or diminished) by its possession of this property, then nothing the object does can be explained by its having that property. A science dedicated to explaining the behavior of such objects would not have to concern itself with that property. That is why being an uncle is of no concern to the psychology (let alone the physics) of uncles. I am an uncle, yes, but my being so does not (causally speaking ) enable (or prevent) me to do anything I would not otherwise be able to do.
A rigorous experimental characterization of ferrite inductors for RF noise suppression

Miniature inductors consisting of a coil wound on a high-permeability soft ferrite core material, find useful application in the suppression of EMI at RF and microwave frequencies. These inductors can be installed as either surface-mount devices (SMD) or as discrete chokes on slugs or beads. An understanding of the high-frequency parasitic and packaging effects, such as stray capacitance, magnetic losses, resonant characteristics, etc., can be gained from an equivalent circuit description of the inductor. We present a rigorous experimental method to fully characterize the behavior of wideband SMD ferrite inductors designed for maximum noise suppression at RF. The equivalent circuit parameters of the inductor, as well as the effective permeability, are extracted in closed form from an accurate measurement of the RF impedance.
Tramadol: a new centrally acting analgesic

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of tramadol are reviewed. Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine that binds to mu opiate receptors and inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. It is rapidly and extensively absorbed after oral doses and is metabolized in the liver. Analgesia begins within one hour and starts to peak in two hours. In patients with moderate postoperative pain, i.v. or i.m. tramadol is roughly equal in efficacy to meperidine or morphine; for severe acute pain, tramadol is less effective than morphine. Oral tramadol can also be effective after certain types of surgery. Tramadol and meperidine are equally effective in postoperative patient-controlled analgesia. In epidural administration for pain after abdominal surgery, tramadol is more effective than bupivacaine but less effective than morphine. In patients with ureteral calculi, both dipyrone and butylscopolamine are more effective than tramadol. For labor pain, i.m. tramadol works as well as meperidine and is less likely to cause neonatal respiratory depression. Oral tramadol is as effective as codeine for acute dental pain. In several types of severe or refractory cancer pain, tramadol is effective, but less so than morphine; for other types of chronic pain, such as low-back pain, oral tramadol works as well as acetaminophen-codeine. Common adverse effects of tramadol include dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, and sedation. The abuse potential seems low. The recommended oral dosage is 50-100 mg every four to six hours. Tramadol is an effective, if expensive, alternative to other analgesics in some clinical situations.
An ergonomically efficient, descriptive text oriented microcomputer based echocardiogram measurement and database system

A microcomputer-based echocardiagram interpretation, measurement, storage, and report generation system which substantially reduces user movements and thereby improves ergonomic efficiency is described. When compared to a popular commercial system, total keystrokes are reduced by 55%, and movements between the digitizing device and keyboard are reduced by 85%. The system is particularly efficient when annotating descriptive text. >
Gamma-ray position-sensitive coaxial Ge(Li) detector

Abstract The position of a γ-ray interaction in a true coaxial Ge(Li) detector is given in polar coordinates. Slots cut through the peripheral n-layer contact parallel to the detector axis divide the detector into effectively independent wedge-shaped sectors. The angular position of interaction is obtained by noting the sector in which a γ-ray is detected. The radial distance is determined from the difference between the rise and fall times of the recovered current pulse obtained from the p-core. Radial fwhm resolution of 1 mm was obtained with a 122 keV γ-ray beam in a 50 mm diameter detector. Non-linearity is less than 0.5 mm. The radial response is independent of angle. The position-sensing characteristics of the detector and the operation of the radius-determining pulse-shape analyzer are discussed.
Seasonal hydrologic responses to climate change in the Pacific Northwest

Increased temperatures and changes in precipitation will result in fundamental changes in the seasonal distribution of streamflow in the Pacific Northwest and will have serious implications for water resources management. To better understand local impacts of regional climate change, we conducted model experiments to determine hydrologic sensitivities of annual, seasonal, and monthly runoff to imposed annual and seasonal changes in precipitation and temperature. We used the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land-surface hydrology model applied at 1/16° latitude-longitude spatial resolution over the Pacific Northwest (PNW), a scale sufficient to support analyses at the hydrologic unit code eight (HUC-8) basin level. These experiments resolve the spatial character of the sensitivity of future water supply to precipitation and temperature changes by identifying the seasons and locations where climate change will have the biggest impact on runoff. The PNW exhibited a diversity of responses, where transitional (intermediate elevation) watersheds experience the greatest seasonal shifts in runoff in response to cool season warming. We also developed a methodology that uses these hydrologic sensitivities as basin-specific transfer functions to estimate future changes in long-term mean monthly hydrographs directly from climate model output of precipitation and temperature. When principles of linearity and superposition apply, these transfer functions can provide feasible first-order estimates of the likely nature of future seasonal streamflow change without performing downscaling and detailed model simulations.
The pH-dependent role of superoxide in riboflavin-catalyzed photooxidation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine.

The riboflavin-catalyzed photooxidation of 2‘,3‘,5‘-tri-O-acetyl-8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine generates a radical intermediate that is competitively trapped by H2O, O2- •, or O2. The products of H2O trapping have been previously described as the spiroiminodihydantoin (pH ≥ 7) and iminoallantoin/guanidinohydantoin (pH < 7) nucleosides. Trapping by O2- • leads to the oxaluric acid (pH ≤ 7) and imidazolone (pH ≥ 8.6) pathways (R‘ ‘, R‘ ‘ = H or 2,3,5-tri-O-Ac-ribofuranosyl). The pH-dependent role of superoxide was probed using Mn−SOD and compared to guanosine and 8-methoxyguanosine photooxidation.
Accumulation of glutamate in sea anemones exposed to heavy metals and organic amines.

Stress has been reported to accelerate protein catabolism in man and animals and as a result one can expect to observe changes in certain amino acids pools of these organisms. In the present study, the Gulf Coast sea anemone, Bunodosoma cavernata, was used as the test animal and free amino acid levels of whole animals were measured following stressed conditions. Sea anemones were chosen as the test animals since they are sessile and, due to the nature of their morphology, they have few mechanisms by which they can escape environmental stress. The animals were exposed to sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride and the organic amines, aniline, diethanol amine (DEA), and ethylene diamine (EDA). Chloride salts of mercury and cadmium were chosen rather than other anions since chloride is the most abundant anion in seawater. These two particular metals were chosen as challenge compounds due to their high toxicity in aquatic systems. The three organic amines were chosen for their relatively high water solubility and low vapor pressure in an aqueous solution, thus insuring that the toxic compound is retained in the test solution. Since organic amines are used extensively in the Gulf Coast industrial complex, there ismore » a high probability of these compounds contaminating the marine environment. Results indicate that the reaction of B. cavernata to stress from organic amines is similar to the response to heavy metals, only more extensive.« less
Measurement of Trace Radionuclides in Soil by L X-Ray Spectrometry

L x-ray spectrometry is shown to be a promising cost efficient technique for assaying several radionuclides in soil simultaneously without prior chemical separation. Analysis is performed with a unique Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) spectrometer. The Si(Li) detector, with thin windows on both surfaces, is mounted on its edge to permit counting x rays from two samples simultaneously. With a thin soil sample on each of its sides this detector is sandwiched between two large NaI(Tl) scintillators. When the Si(Li) detector is operating in anticoincidence with the NaI(Tl) crystals the ? background in the x-ray spectrum is reduced by 50%. Thus, this spectrometer has four times the sensitivity of a conventional Si(Li) spectrometer. Initial measurements were made with a prototype spectrometer consisting of a 3 cm2 Si(Li) detector having a resolution of 350-400 eV and two 5?×4? naI(Tl) scintillators. A 30 cm2 Si(Li) detector array with two 12?×6? NaI(Tl) crystals is under development. Measurements of Pu in soil containing 241Am, from Rocky Flats, and Pu in soil containing 137Cs, from a waste-discharge site, are in good agreement with radiochemical measurements. Activity as low as 1 pCi/g of the natural U and Th in soil has been measured. With the array the minimum detectable Pu activity is expected to be 1 pCi/g which corresponds to a concentration of 10-7 - 10-5 ppm by weight.
Mass conservation in finite element groundwater models

Abstract Numerical mass balance relations are derived for common formulations of the hydraulic and species transport equations, by summing the Galerkin equations. Precise mass balance is demonstrated, provided the Galerkin equation is retained at all boundaries. The effects of quadrature, variable coefficients, transients and irregular geometry are addressed, and numerical experiments verify the algebra.
Botox treatment in adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a meta-analysis.

Over the years many studies have been conducted to document the treatment effects of Botulinum toxin type A in adductor spasmodic dysphonia. The results of these studies have led to the view that o...
Research on Elevator Group Control Uncertainty

Uncertainties elevator group control systems are analyzed first in this paper according to the fuzzy control theory and characteristics of the elevator group control system. Then, simulation model of elevator group control system is built using fuzzy inference system with Matlab. Operation of elevator group control system based on fuzzy control system is shown by simulation.
Mousterian hunting patterns in the Northwestern Caucasus and the ecology of the Neanderthals

The northwestern Caucasus contains a group of cave and open-air sites occupied by Neanderthals during the early and middle phases of the Last Glacial (OIS 4–3). These sites vary widely in terms of topographic setting, elevation, artifacts, and associated faunal remains. Both medium and large mammals (goat, sheep, and bison) were probably hunted at Mezmaiskaya Cave (1300 m above sea level), as indicated by the number and location of tool marks on the bones and prime-dominated age mortality profiles. Medium and large mammals (bison and other ungulates) may have been hunted at Il'skaya (100 m above sea level) and Barakaevskaya Cave (900 m above sea level), which also yield prime-dominated mortality profiles. There is no compelling evidence for hominid scavenging. The sites appear to exhibit variations in function and seasonality, and may reflect scheduled exploitation of seasonally abundant resources in different altitudinal zones on the northern slope of the Caucasus Mountains. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sharp flanging and flat hemming of aluminum exterior body panels

Limitations of conventional flanging and hemming technologies require increased radii of flanges and roped hems when aluminum alloys are used for production of closure panels. A new process of flanging has been developed based upon the idea of redistributing plastic strains through the larger area, delivering additional metal into the bending zone, and creating an additional axial compression. Comparison of the newly developed and conventional flanging process indicated that the new process expands the bending ability of aluminum alloy 6111-T4 by allowing an additional 10% of prestrain to the panel compared with previous forming operations. The advantages of the new flanging operation can be transferred to the hemming operation by allowing an additional 10% of prestrain through the whole sequence of forming and assembly operations. Employment of suggested flanging technology makes possible the flat hemming operation of panels stamped from aluminum alloy 6111-T4 if the thickness of the interior panel is 1 mm or more.
Cardiac rehabilitation secondary prevention programs.

Contemporary trends There has been considerable evolution in the 40-plus years since the first cardiac rehabilitation programs. Historically, cardiac patients were restricted to bed rest for up to 6 weeks. Eventually, it was noted that after myocardial infarction, in-hospital ambulation was not associated with an increase in adverse events, and was in fact beneficial. Formal outpatient programs were initiated in the 1960s, and consisted primarily of exercise therapy with continuous electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring and intensive physician supervision [1]. More contemporary programs include risk factor modification, provide only limited exercise telemetry, and are overseen primarily by nonphysicians, including registered nurses, clinical exercise physiologists, and physical therapists. Recent analysis of patient characteristics and trends demonstrates that more patients are participating in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs [2,3]. This increase is particularly significant for women and the elderly. The absolute number of patients entering rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has increased, with a particularly dramatic increase in the post-PCI subset [3]. There is a trend for increase in referral and participation of ‘‘high-risk’’ patients with significant comorbidities. The increase in cardiac rehabilitation participation is likely related to a heightened awareness by physicians and patients of the importance of secondary prevention. The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) recently released secondary prevention guidelines to help physicians and clinicians in their efforts towards this end [4]. Exercise and other therapies (eg, nutrition) typically offered by cardiac rehabilitation programs play
Optimizing the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Substituted Zeolites

We examine the effect of synthesis conditions on the degree of substitution and retention of crystallinity and microporosity during ammonia treatment of Y zeolite. Our objective is to find a reproducibly optimal synthesis protocol to make nitrogen substituted (nitrided) zeolites. We find that a temperature of approximately 750 °C at a mean ammonia flow rate of 600 cm3/min produces substitution without loss of crystallinity or microporosity. We have investigated the effects of several synthesis parameters using fifteen different synthesis protocols. The most important parameter in the synthesis is the ammonia flow rate; we recommend keeping the flow rate as high as possible. Calculations of the NMR and vibrational spectra of substituted zeolites are used to investigate the overall utility of these techniques for confirming the presence of nitrogen in the zeolite. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were not found to be diagnostic, but they can corroborate the presence of nitrogen in the framework. We recommend...
Pancreastatin stimulates secretion from neonatal rat atrial cells

Abstract S.-U. Gorr and S. S. Pence . Pancreastatin Stimulates Secretion from Neonatal Rat Atrial Cells. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (1995) 27, 767–771. Atrial myocardial cells store atrial natriuretic factor and secrete the peptide in response to extracellular stimulation, Ventricular myocardial cells also exhibit stimulated secretion of atrial natriuretic factor but with little or no intracellular storage. The stimulated secretion of other proteins from these cells is poorly characterized. In the present study the secretion of sulfated macromolecules from Na235SO4 labeled atrial and ventricular myocardial cells was quantitated. Both cell types secreted a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, as evidenced by glycanase digestion. Endothelin-1, a known stimulator of ANF secretion, stimulated secretion from atrial cells about 70% but had no effect on ventricular cell secretion. The differential stimulation of atrial and ventricular cell secretion was not due to the absence of a regulated secretory pathway in the latter cell type since phorbol ester stimulated secretion from both cell types. This result indicates that differences exist in the early steps of signal transduction between atrial and ventricular cells. Pancreastatin, a regulatory peptide derived from chromogranin A, stimulated atrial cell secretion 90%. This result suggests that chromogranin A, which has been identified in atrial secretory granules, may play an autoregulatory role in atrial secretion.
Compressibility of hydrated and anhydrous Na2O-2SiO2 liquid and also glass to 8 GPa using Brillouin scattering

[1] Brillouin scattering measurements have been carried out on an aqueous solution of Na2O-2SiO2 and anhydrous Na2O-2SiO2 glass and liquid under in situ pressures to 8 GPa in the temperature range from 300 to 850 K. This temperature range spans through the glass transition of both the hydrous and anhydrous forms of Na2O-2SiO2. The “modified” platelet scattering geometry has allowed us for the first time to determine VP independently from refractive index and hence the adiabatic compressibility and density of liquids as a function of pressure and temperature. The observed increase in density of the melt and glass phases formed at high-pressure-temperature conditions is likely associated with structural effects. There is a marked change in pressure derivative of adiabatic bulk modulus (K′S = dKS/dP) between the two phases. The large values of K′S of the liquid phase illustrate that the means of compaction of the liquid differ substantially from those of the glass and that the liquid is able to access a wider range of compaction mechanisms. The measured bulk modulus of the aqueous sodium silicate solution is highly temperature-dependent but is much more similar to values of silicate melts than to that of end-member water, particularly at high pressures. Thus water-rich silica-bearing solutions present at depth are likely to be difficult to seismically distinguish from anhydrous silicate melts solely on the basis of their sound velocities. The data on water-bearing compounds allow the pressure dependence of the partial molar volume of water to be assessed to upper mantle depths. These results are in excellent agreement with prior determinations and illustrate the utility of Brillouin experiments coupled with the externally heated diamond anvil cell in determining partial molar properties of liquids at high pressures.
The perilous effects of capability loss on outsourcing management and performance

Abstract The outsourcing of manufacturing activities and business processes has emerged as a prevalent business practice in many industries. Given this state, the lackluster performance of an alarmingly high proportion of outsourcing initiatives is somewhat surprising. In an effort to achieve aggressive cost savings objectives, many outsourcing engagements are associated with organizational resources being disposed of which can lead to a significant operational capability loss on the part of the outsourcing firm. Surprisingly little empirical research has dealt with the issues arising from this capability loss frequently associated with outsourcing. This study strives to address this void. Drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, this study investigates the direct impact that capability loss has on outsourcing performance, and also the impact it has on the outsourcing firm's ability to effectively manage its relationship with the outsourcing provider. Results from our hierarchical regression analysis on 198 outsourcing initiatives suggest an inadequate capability evaluation up front can lead to a more substantive capability loss. Subsequently, we find that a more extensive capability loss has a direct negative effect on outsourcing performance. Prior studies have established the significant positive effect that developing a committed and cooperative relationship with the provider has on outsourcing performance. Our results corroborate these previous findings, and also demonstrate that capability loss inhibits the outsourcing firm's efforts to develop a committed and cooperative relationship with the outsourcing provider.
Medical and Psychosocial Treatment Issues in Breast Cancer in Older Women

ABSTRACT The medical, psychological and social aspects of breast cancer in older women are discussed. Information is presented on relative risk, diagnostic procedures and treatment options available to breast cancer patients. The unique psychosocial issues confronted by older breast cancer patients are explored. Clinicians are encouraged to assess developmental stage, concurrent life stressors and the woman's personal interpretation of the meaning of the cancer diagnosis. Medical caregivers are urged to avoid age bias, including ageist attitudes held by the patient, in assessment and treatment planning.
Predivinsk Lespromkhoz: A Case Study on the Collaborative Restructuring of a Forest Product Based Community in Siberia

Abstract Ecologists, managers, federal forest officials, biologists, Russian and international environmentalists are developing and rethinking the practices and products of a timber operation in central Siberia. Predivinsk Lespromkhoz is a timber producing community located on the Einisei River, 150 kilometers north of Krasnoyarsk in central Siberia. The four thousand inhabitants are faced with expanding costs, a loss of financial support from the government, a collapsed market and disappearing natural resources. The restructuring of the Russian Government gave local foresters and limber operations more control of their resources but unfortunately, inflation and the dwindling economy restricted capital for implementation of new, sustainable forest practices and improved marketable products. Predivinsk is relatively accessible to foreigners interested in the taiga of central Siberia and scientists from the Krasnoyarsk Forest Institute welcome collaborative projects.
An experimental study of the kinetics of lherzolite reactive dissolution with applications to melt channel formation

The kinetics of lherzolite dissolution in an alkali basalt and a basaltic andesite was examined experimentally at 1,300°C and 1 GPa using the dissolution couple method. Dissolution of lherzolite in basaltic liquids produces either the melt-bearing dunite–harzburgite–lherzolite (DHL) sequence or the melt-bearing harzburgite–lherzolite sequence depending on whether the reacting melt is or close to olivine saturation (alkali basalt) or olivine + orthopyroxene saturation (basaltic andesite). The dunite in the DHL sequence is pyroxene-free and the harzburgites in both sequences are clinopyroxene-free. The melt fraction and olivine grain size in the dunite are larger than those in the harzburgite. The olivine grain size in the dunite and harzburgite in the DHL sequence also increases as a function experimental run time. Across the sharp dunite–harzburgite and harzburgite–lherzolite interfaces, systematic compositional variations are observed in the reacting melt, interstitial melt, olivine, and to a lesser extent, pyroxenes as functions of distance and time. The systematic variations in lithology, grain size, mineral chemistry, and melt compositions are broadly similar to those observed in the mantle sections of ophiolites. The processes of lherzolite dissolution in basaltic liquids involve dissolution, precipitation, reprecipitation, and diffusive transport in the interstitial melts and surrounding minerals. Preferential dissolution of olivine and clinopyroxene and precipitation of orthopyroxene in the basaltic andesite produces the melt-bearing harzburgite–lherzolite sequence. Preferential dissolution of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene and precipitation of olivine results in the melt-bearing DHL sequence. Preferential mineral dissolution can also affect the composition of the through-going melt in a dunite channel or harzburgite matrix. Systematic variations in melt fraction and mineral grain size in the peridotite sequences are likely to play an important role in the development of channelized or diffuse porous melt flow in the mantle.
Test-taking motivations and outcomes on a standardized measure of on-the-job integrity

This study examined the test-taking motivation and attitudinal set of employment applicants who completed the Reid Report measure of on-the-job integrity. Applicants who were subsequently found to have received low scores on the Reid Report, decreasing the likelihood that they would be recommended for hiring, were more likely than those who received higher scores, to have believed that they could outguess the test, to have minimized its importance in the hiring decision, and to have regarded dishonest preoccupations as legitimate. Both the Reid Report score and test-taking attitudes of Outguessing and Dishonesty Legitimization also predicted admissions of past defalcations during a pre-employment screening interview.
RESTRUCTURING OR AUTOMATICITY? READING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE

In this paper we discuss the notion of automaticity as used in information-processing accounts of learning and recent criticism of this concept. It is suggested that improvement in performance can sometimes be due to a restructuring of the components of a task so that they are integrated and reorganized in new ways, thereby allowing procedures involving the old components to be replaced by more efficient procedures involving new components. We describe a study of reading in a second language that suggests there are at least two modes of learning — that achieved by the gradual accretion of automaticity and that achieved by restructuring.
Increased serum thyroid hormone binding in narcotic addicts is due to liver disease.

The cause of increased thyroid hormone binding in narcotic addicts has been investigated. The average T3, T4, and T3 binding ratio were all significantly higher in addicts than in controls. Free T4 and free T3 indices were normal. Those patients who had abnormally high T3 binding ratios had significantly more severe abnormalities of liver function than the other methadone-treated addicts. Together with evidence that chronic active hepatitis in the non-addicted population is associated with increased serum thyroid hormone binding, these observations lead us to conclude that the increased serum thyroid hormone binding and total thyroid hormone concentration found in sera of narcotic addicts is due to associated liver disease.
Alteration of ankle kinematics and muscle activity during heel contact when walking with external loading

The risk of recurrent ankle sprains could be reduced if the ankle joint is positioned in a more closed pack position (eversion and dorsiflexion) with enhanced co-activation of Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Peroneus Longus (PL) around heel contact in walking. We examined whether such alteration can be induced by augmenting ankle position error in the inversion and plantarflexion directions. Fifteen young, healthy subjects participated in this study. They walked on a treadmill while a light weight was affixed to the dorsal–lateral side of the test foot to create afferent error signals in the inversion and plantarflexion directions. We recorded and analyzed subjects’ ankle kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity of TA and PL before (baseline), during (adaptation), and after (post adaptation) walking with the weight. Our analyses focused on 30 ms before and after heel contact where ankle sprains are most likely to occur. Subjects increased ankle eversion before and after heel contact during the adaptation period. This increase carried over to the post adaptation period following removal of the weight. The weight also induced an increase in the TA activity before heel contact during late adaptation, although this increase did not carry over to the post adaptation period. No significant changes were observed in ankle dorsiflexion, PL activity, and muscle co-activation. Our error-driven approach is feasible to reduce ankle inversion around heel contact in walking, and may have clinical implication on intervention of recurrent ankle sprains.
SU‐E‐I‐95: Verification of AAPM TG 116 X‐Ray Beam Quality by CdTe Spectroscopy

Purpose: X‐rays produced by an x‐ray tube comprise a polychromatic spectrum. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 116 (AAPM TG116) defined a method for producing a beam of standard quality for the purpose of calibrating digital x‐ray image receptors. The standard beam calibration condition is based on simulations of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) RQA5. Our project was to measure the spectrum produced under TG 116 conditions and compare to the RQA5 spectrum predicted by simulation. Methods: X‐ray spectra were acquired using a CdTe solid state detector with a spectrum analyzer for three different x‐ray beams conforming to TG116 conditions. Acquired spectra were corrected for Cd and Te escape events using XRF‐XP software and for CdTe energy dependent efficiency. Spectra were simulated using the Tung1 computer program. Inherent filtration and tube potential were varied to obtain the best simulation of the RQA5 half‐value layer (HVL). Results: HVLs calculated from the acquired spectra are lower than HVLs measured. Under same kVp and inherent filtration, Al spectra and Cu spectra are very similar. Comparison of direct measurements with simulations reveals the strong influence of kVp on the resulting spectra. Acquired spectra are more similar to each other than to any of the simulated RQA5 spectra. Conclusion: Direct measurements of x‐ray spectra confirm the similarity of beams produced under TG116 conditions with either Cu or Al filtration. However, contrary to TG 116, the selection of kVp makes a significant difference in the spectra. Further work is needed to acquire spectra at the highest kVp allowed by TG 116 to fully assess the effect of kVp and HVL tolerances on the x‐ray spectrum.
Assimilation effects beyond the labor market: time allocations of Mexican immigrants to the US

I use the American Time Use Survey from 2003 to 2012 to analyze, from a gender and marital status perspective, how the time Mexican immigrants devote to market work, household production, personal care, and leisure activities compare to the corresponding time allocations of US natives. Furthermore, I estimate the effect of duration of residence in the US on the immigrants overall patterns of time use. Time diary evidence indicates that, upon arrival to the US, Mexican immigrant men devote more time to market work and commuting than comparable non-Hispanic natives, regardless of their marital status. On the other hand, Mexican immigrant women devote the same amount of time to these activities as the non-Hispanic reference groups, irrespective of the marital status. In addition, the trend data show that immigrant men decrease their paid work with years since migration while immigrant women increase it. Estimates indicate that, for married immigrant men there is a tradeoff between market work and household work, whereas for single immigrant men the tradeoff is between market work and leisure. Finally, Mexican immigrant women relinquish mostly passive leisure and sleep time to meet demands of family and market work.