cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain rate sensitivity of thermally activated dislocation motion across fields of obstacles of different kind

Abstract The thermally activated motion of dislocations across fields of randomly distributed obstacles of two types is studied. The two types have either the same strength and different dependence of the activation energy on the applied force, or different strength but same activation behavior. The objective is to determine how the two sub-populations of obstacles contribute to defining the strain rate sensitivity and the flow stress. Above a threshold stress, dislocation motion undergoes a transition from smooth (“unzipping”) to jerky, i.e. obstacles are bypassed in a correlated manner at high stresses. In the jerky regime, the strain rate sensitivity parameter depends exclusively on the ratio of the applied stress to the mechanical threshold stress of the respective array, the dynamics exhibiting near-critical behavior. This regime appears to be essential for the deformation of real crystals. When obstacles are bypassed in the unzipping mode, the strain rate sensitivity is controlled by the strong obstacles. These results have implications for the finite temperature superposition of contributions of the two types of obstacles to the overall flow stress.
An Ensemble-Based Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Scheme. Part III: Antarctic Applications with Advanced Research WRF Using Real Data

AbstractA four-dimensional ensemble-based variational data assimilation (4DEnVar) algorithm proposed in Part I of the 4DEnVar series (denoted En4DVar in Part I, but here we refer to it as 4DEnVar according to WMO conference recommendation to differentiate it from En4DVar algorithm using adjoint model) uses a flow-dependent background error covariance calculated from ensemble forecasts and performs 4DVar optimization based on an incremental approach and a preconditioning algorithm. In Part II, the authors evaluated 4DEnVar with observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF, hereafter WRF). The current study extends the 4DEnVar to assimilate real observations for a cyclone in the Antarctic and the Southern Ocean in October 2007. The authors performed an intercomparison of four different WRF variational approaches for the case, including three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar), first guess at the appropriate time (F...
In Defense of the Land Ethic and Respect for Nature

(1990). In Defense of the Land Ethic and Respect for Nature. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 84-96.
Beyond the problem of meaning: Robert Wuthnow's historical sociology of culture

The revival of historical sociology in the last twenty years has focused on class, state, revolution and political mobilization, family and demography. New attention to cultural factors a central part of earlier historical sociology is overdue. Robert Wuthnow's Communities of Discourse is a major effort to meet this need.2 It reflects also the current rapid growth of the sociology of culture. Especially in America, however, sociology of culture suffers from a strange disciplinary deformation. For some reason, many sociologists think they must repress the interpretation of meaning in order to be rigorous. Sociologists of culture, therefore, often try to study cultural phenomena without attention to the substance or content of culture. Wuthnow is no exception.
Private employment-based health insurance in ten states.

Abstract: This DataWatch reports key findings from the 1993 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Employer Health Insurance Survey, through which more than 20,000 employers in ten states were interviewed. Our report contrasts the behavior of four size classes of small businesses (fewer than fifty workers) with that of all other businesses. We examine offer rates by business size; characteristics of employers and workers in businesses offering and not offering insurance; premiums, benefits, and medical underwriting; the extent of choice among plans; and self-insurance. We discuss the implications of our findings for health policy.
Building Collegial Information Networks: A Theory of Advice Network Generation

The theory of network generation I present predicts actor selection and retention in forming an advice network. The research question explored is whom do people contact when needing advice? The theory posits that the advice seeker, when possessing rich information on potential alters, decides whom to contact by trading off expected knowledge value versus the cost of obtaining it. In the contact information poor case, alter selection antecedents are the potential contact's accessibility and perceived willingness to share advice.
V-SAT: a visual specification and analysis tool for system-on-chip exploration

We describe V-SAT, a tool for performing design space exploration of System-On-Chip (SOC) architectures. The key components of V-SAT include EXPRESSION, a language for specification of the architecture, SIMPRESS, a simulator generator for analysis/evaluation of the architecture, and the V-SAT GUl front-end for easy specification and detailed analysis. We give a brief overview of the components (EXPRESSION, SIMPRESS and GUI) and, using an example DLX architecture, demonstrate V-SAT's usefulness in exploration for an embedded SOC codesign flow by specifying and evaluating several modifications to the pipeline structure of the processor. We believe that V-SAT provides a powerful environment, both for early design space exploration, as well as for the detailed design of SOC architectures.
Semiconductor Nanorod Liquid Crystals

Rodlike molecules form liquid crystalline phases with orientational order and positional disorder. The great majority of materials in which liquid crystalline phases have been observed are comprised of organic molecules or polymers, even though there has been continuing and growing interest in inorganic liquid crystals. Recent advances in the control of the sizes and shapes of inorganic nanocrystals allow for the formation of a broad class of new inorganic liquid crystals. Here we show the formation of liquid crystalline phases of CdSe semiconductor nanorods. These new liquid crystalline phases may have great importance for both application and fundamental study.
The reaction between carbon and the products of hydrogen, oxygen and water microwave discharges

Abstract The reactions of carbon with the products of hydrogen, oxygen and water microwave discharges have been studied at room temperature and low pressures. The reaction between atomic hydrogen and carbon occurred at an insignificant rate if the carbon was located outside the discharge. Small amounts of hydrocarbons, both gaseous and solid, were observed if carbon was placed directly in the hydrogen discharge. An extensive reaction occurred between atomic oxygen and carbon, when the carbon was either in or outside of the discharge. Carbon monoxide was the major reaction product. The products of a water discharge reacted with carbon giving principally a hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixture.
A 40 nm CMOS Derivative-Free IF Active-RC BPF With Programmable Bandwidth and Center Frequency Achieving Over 30 dBm IIP3

An 8th-order Cheybshev-II ladder active-RC BPF was fabricated in a 40 nm CMOS low-leakage digital process. A new technique to design for zero capacitance spread (ZCS) is reported to enable the application of integrator frequency compensation (IFC). Combined with wideband op-amps employing a current-reusing, split-path feed-forward compensation (FFC) technique, significant power savings is achieved in a standard 40 nm CMOS process. The BPF measures a center frequency (CF) of 85–225 MHz and four programmable bandwidth-to-center frequency (BW/CF) ratios of 5%–40%. Both the CF and BW/CF ratio are digitally programmable. It also measures a maximum in-band IIP3 of 31 dBm at 0 dB gain and a maximum in-band frequency-response deviation of 0.2 dB while consuming 33 mA from a 1.5 V supply.
Molecular characterization of a rabbit long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase that is highly expressed in the vascular endothelium

The formation of coenzyme A thioesters from long-chain fatty acids represents a metabolic branch point. We have isolated, cloned and sequenced a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase (LCFACoAS) that is localized to the endothelium of rabbit heart and aorta. Immunofluoresence and in situ hybridization studies show intense staining of the intimal layer of the aorta and coronary vessels. The microvessels, including the capillaries, of the coronary circulation also show intense immunofluoresence. The enzyme shares only about 30% to 70% homology with the primary amino acid sequence of the other known LCFACoAS. There is a region of 44 amino acids at the carboxy terminus, which is unique to the vascular enzyme. This domain contains the most hydrophobic region of the molecule, indicating that it may function as a membrane anchoring site. These results suggest that this LCFACoAS represents a novel isoform, whose functional significance remains to be determined.
The development of strategic management: Journal quality and article impact

Quality ratings of strategic management journals by experts correlate closely with objective quality measures of current article impact and cumulative journal influence. In part, journal quality seems determined by editors' research stature. Over 12 years, scholarly influence of strategic management periodicals has grown nearly three-fold, as two new journals directed to conceptual development of management as a whole have risen to prominence. Expansion of strategic management research and growth of its influence may be in response to challenges posed by the continuing crisis of managerial and business performance.
Proton radiography and fluoroscopy of lung tumors: A Monte Carlo study using patient-specific 4DCT phantoms

Purpose: Monte Carlo methods are used to simulate and optimize a time-resolved proton range telescope (TRRT) in localization of intrafractional and interfractional motions of lung tumor and in quantification of proton range variations. Methods: The Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code with a particle tracking feature was employed to evaluate the TRRT performance, especially in visualizing and quantifying proton range variations during respiration. Protons of 230 MeV were tracked one by one as they pass through position detectors, patient 4DCT phantom, and finally scintillator detectors that measured residual ranges. The energy response of the scintillator telescope was investigated. Mass density and elemental composition of tissues were defined for 4DCT data. Results: Proton water equivalent length (WEL) was deduced by a reconstruction algorithm that incorporates linear proton track and lateral spatial discrimination to improve the image quality. 4DCT data for three patients were used to visualize and measure tumor motion and WEL variations. The tumor trajectories extracted from the WEL map were found to be within {approx}1 mm agreement with direct 4DCT measurement. Quantitative WEL variation studies showed that the proton radiograph is a good representation of WEL changes from entrance to distal of the target. Conclusions: MCNPX simulation results showedmore » that TRRT can accurately track the motion of the tumor and detect the WEL variations. Image quality was optimized by choosing proton energy, testing parameters of image reconstruction algorithm, and comparing to ground truth 4DCT. The future study will demonstrate the feasibility of using the time resolved proton radiography as an imaging tool for proton treatments of lung tumors.« less
A MIMO-inspired rapidly switchable photonic interconnect architecture

It is well-known that interconnect issues pose a significant bottleneck with regard to improving the performance of high-speed integrated systems such as a cluster of computer processing units. Power, speed (bandwidth), and size all affect the computational performance and capabilities of future systems. High-speed optical processing has been looked to as a means for eliminating this interconnect bottleneck. Presented here are the results of a study for a novel optical (integrated photonic) processor which would allow for a high-speed, secure means for arbitrarily addressing a multiprocessor system. This paper will present analysis, simulation, and optimization results for the architecture as well as considerations for a proof-of-concept level system design. The architecture takes advantage of spatial and wavelength diversity and in this regard may be regarded as a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) architecture. A given node to be addressed, rather than having a wired metal contact as an output, has as a radiating laser source that has been modulated with the data to be conveyed to another point in the system. Each processor node radiates a different optical wavelength. Each individual wavelength is chosen, for example, to correspond to the wavelengths associated with a WDM ITU grid. All wavelengths are incident on a coherent fiber bundle which acts as an array receiver. Unlike conventional phased arrays, the receive elements are spaced many wavelengths apart giving rise to a large number of grating lobes. It will be shown that by using appropriate photonic/optical signal processing methods any node of the processor cluster can be randomly and rapidly addressed using high-speed phase shifters (electrooptic or others) as control elements. The diversity techniques employed achieve high gain and a narrow beamwidth in the direction of the desired node and high attenuation with regard to the signals from all other nodes. As is often the case of MIMO-bases systems, overall performance exceeds that of diffraction limited array processing. In addition to the interconnect application discussed, the methods described in this paper can also be applied to other applications where rapid electrical (non-mechanical) optical beamsteering is required such as raster scanned laser radar systems and tracking, guidance, and navigation systems.
Florida labor and political “radicalism,” 1919–1920

(1968). Florida labor and political “radicalism,” 1919–1920. Labor History: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 73-90.
Rotational relaxation of molecular H2 at moderate temperatures

A coupled rotation-vibration-dissociation model is used to compute the rotational relaxation times for molecular hydrogen as a function of final temperatures (500-5000 K) in a hypothetical scenario of sudden compression. The theoretical model is based on a master equation solver. The bound-bound and bound-free transition rates have been computed using a quasi-classical trajectory method. A review of the available experimental data on the rotational relaxation of hydrogen is presented, with a critical overview of the method of measurements and data reduction, including the sources of errors. The experimental data are compared with the computed results.
A W-band CMOS Receiver Chipset for Millimeter-Wave Radiometer Systems

This paper presents a W-band receiver chipset for passive millimeter-wave imaging in a 65 nm standard CMOS technology. The system comprises a direct-conversion receiver front-end with injection-locked tripler and a companion analog back-end for Dicke radiometer. The receiver design addresses the high 1/f noise issue in the advanced CMOS technology. An LO generation scheme using a frequency tripler is proposed to lower the PLL frequency, making it suitable for use in multi-pixel systems. In addition, the noise performance of the receiver is further improved by optimum biasing of transistors of the detector in moderate inversion region to achieve the highest responsivity and lowest NEP. The front-end chipset exhibits a measured peak gain of 35 dB, -3 dB BW of 12 GHz, NF of 8.9 dB, while consuming 94 mW. The baseband chipset has a measured peak responsivity (Rv) of 6 KV/W and a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 8.54 pW/Hz1/2. The two chipsets integrated on-board achieve a total responsivity of 16 MV/W and a calculated Dicke NETD of 1K with a 30 ms integration time.
Less than unanimous agreement on the reason for unanimous agreement: Comment

The purpose of this comment has not been to question the main point of Holcombe's paper. Unanimous legislative agreement, if it occurs, could be inefficient for the reasons put forth by Holcombe. The motivation for this comment is that Holcombe's explanation for the existence of legislative unanimity is not a compelling one since it begs an important question. That question is: If the cooperation exists to maintain a unanimous coalition, why does not the cooperation exist to maintain a less-than-unanimous coalition? Unless Holcombe can answer this question satisfactorily, his explanation for legislative unanimity is fundamentally flawed.
Social sharing through interpersonal media

Social sharing is the act of communicating with others about significant emotional experiences.This is the first study to examine the use and effects of interpersonal media in social sharing.College students used the media for about 70% of their social sharing.They selected media whose affordances could meet their psychological needs.Social sharing through the media substantially impacted sharers' affect. Social sharing is the act of discussing significant emotional events with others. Using a daily diary methodology, this study investigated (1) patterns of media use for social sharing; and (2) effects of mediated social sharing on sharers' emotions. Results show that easily accessible and non-intrusive media (i.e., texting, Twitter) were more likely to be used for sharing positive than negative events, and intrusive and rich media (i.e., phone calling) were more likely to be used for sharing negative than positive events. Highly intense positive events were more likely to be shared via Twitter than low-intensity positive events, and highly intense negative events were more likely to be shared face-to-face than low-intensity negative events. Regardless of the medium used, people experienced increased positive affect after sharing positive events, and increased negative affect after sharing negative events. The results extend the social sharing framework, and advance the media use and effects literature.
Secular Spirituality/Mundane Media: One Newspaper's In-depth Coverage of Buddhism

Abstract This paper addresses Mark Silk's theory of “unsecular media” through a case study of a visit the Dalai Lama made to the United States. Silk contends the themes (what he calls “topoi”) media use to cover religion are derived from Western faiths. Thus, according to Silk, when Western religious principles are used to write about Western religious practices, those practices are generally evaluated positively. In the analysis that follows, I examine the extent to which Silk's topoi were used to report about Buddhism, an obviously “Eastern” religion. The basic findings suggest that Silk's topoi were readily applied in the stories analyzed here, but more important that the tone of coverage this produces was quite positive. These findings raise a very important question: Are the topoi that Silk has delineated the direct product of Western religion, or are they more accurately the reflection of general moral principles that are accepted by journalists and a large part of their audience?
An efficient algorithm for pointer-to-array access conversion for compiling and optimizing DSP applications

The complexity of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications has been steadily increasing due to advances in hardware design for embedded processors. To meet critical power consumption and timing constraints, many DSP applications are hand-coded in assembly. Because the cost of hand-coding is becoming prohibitive for developing an embedded system, there is a trend toward the use of high-level programming languages, particularly C, and the use of optimizing compilers for software development. Consequently, more than ever there is a need for compilers to optimize DSP application to make effective use of the available hardware resources. Existing DSP codes are often riddled with pointer-based data accesses, because DSP programmers have the mistaken belief that a compiler will always generate better target code. The use of extensive pointer arithmetic makes analysis and optimization difficult for compilers for modern DSPs with regular architectures and large homogeneous registers sets. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for converting pointer-based code to code with explicit array accesses. The conversion enables a compiler to perform data flow analysis and loop optimizations on DSP codes.
Squamous cell papilloma at the tracheoesophageal puncture stoma.

• Over 140 tracheoesophageal punctures were performed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders over the last seven years. In all cases the Blom-Singer duckbill prosthesis was utilized for alaryngeal voice restoration. Of these patients, two examples were noted where squamous cell papilloma was found at the tracheoesophageal stoma site. The preoperative evaluation and surgical laser technique for surgical excision of the papilloma with postoperative care are described. The case reports of each of the patients that have been diagnosed as having squamous cell papilloma of the tracheoesophageal puncture site are reviewed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1988;114:564-566)
A COMBINED ANALYTIC AND NUMERICAL METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE SOLID-LAYER GROWTH FROM MELT CRYSTALLIZATION

The kinetics of crystallization limit the rate in which crystal growth can occur without in-corporation of undesired impurity. If the rate of heat transfer exceeds the mass transfer rate of the inpurity, the impurity can solidify, contaminating the product. One would like to specify a rate of crystallization and determine the temperature profile of the crystallizer wall that would achieve this result. This is an inverse problem that has not been solved in the previous crystallizer models. A combined analytic and numerical method for solving the inverse problem is given in this article. The method is illustrated by an example.
Low-profile 700–970 MHz and 1600–2200 MHz dual-band tunable antenna for carrier aggregation systems

A low-profile, independently-tunable dual-band antenna is presented. A single-feed dual-band planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is designed. The two resonance frequencies are decoupled from each other using a series of shorting pins to the ground. Independent frequency tunability is achieved at 700-970 MHz and 1600-2200 MHz using two varactor diodes. Measured and simulated S-parameters and radiation patterns and efficiency are presented.
MAKING ENDS MEET: CITIES, FISCAL STRESS, AND EQUILIBRIUM

Books reviewed in this article Terry Nichols Clark and Lorna Crowley Ferguson, City Money: Political Processes, Fiscal Strain, and Retrenchment Richard Rose and Edward Page (Eds.), Fiscal Stress in Cities Irene S. Rubin, Running in the Red: The Political Dynamics of Urban Fiscal Stress
A novel heat-resistant blend produced by compositional quenching: a thermoplastic polyimide impact-modified with a fluoroelastomer

Abstract A novel high-temperature blend consisting of a microdispersion of the fluoroelastomer Viton A in an Ultem poly(ether imide) matrix has been produced through the process of compositional quenching. Submicrometre spherical particles of the elastomer were formed within the poly(ether imide) matrix through the process. It has been found that the addition of Viton to Ultem significantly improves impact strength with little sacrifice in tensile properties and thermal stability. This improvement in impact strength becomes even more dramatic at elevated temperatures. These impact strength improvements are attributed to the rubber particle's ability to activate shear yielding deformation in a larger volume of the matrix material near the tip of a propagating crack. This deformation absorbs energy during fracture and results in higher impact strengths. Blends of Ultem and Viton produced by extrusion and precipitation processes were found to have problems that were not observed in any of the compositionally quenched materials.
Increased carcinoembryonic antigen expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a highly glycosylated cell surface protein that is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and has been used as a tumor marker for disease progression in colorectal cancer patients. Recently, CEA has been used as a target for vaccine therapy against advanced CEA-expressing colonic adenocarcinomas. Previous reports have found elevated serum CEA levels in patients with cervical cancer, although this did not correlate with disease progression. In this study, cervical biopsy specimens from patients with normal histology, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 1 to 3, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma were evaluated for CEA expression by immunohistochemistry by using the monoclonal antibody COL-1. Staining intensity was graded on a scale of 0 to 3 and was correlated with histologic diagnoses. CEA staining intensity was significantly increased in high-grade squamous lesions (CIN III and SCC) compared with normal cervical mucosa and CIN grades I or II ( P r = 0.71). CEA expression increased most significantly between CIN grades 2 to 3. Only 1 of 7 primary cervical adenocarcinomas expressed CEA. Only 1 of 10 patients with high CEA expression in their tumors by immunohistochemistry had elevated serum CEA. We thus have shown that lesional CEA expression increases in CIN 3 and SCC without elevations in serum CFA. CEA expression may be a useful diagnostic tool and a useful marker for identifying those at risk for progressive cervical neoplasia.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and hypovolemic shock

Judith E. Tintinalli , MD: The case for discussion is that of a young man who developed apparen t cardiac arrest dur ing a hang ing a t tempt . One hour af ter successful c a r d i o p u l m o n a r y r e s u s c i t a t i o n (CPR)I he d e v e l o p e d hypovolemic shock. The d i scussan t is Brooks F. Bock, MD, ass i s t an t professor of emergency medicine at W a y n e State Univers i ty , Detroi t , Michigan.
Family-Based Crisis Intervention in the Emergency Department: A New Model of Care

Adolescent suicide is on the rise and treatment resources are scarce. Adolescents with suicidal behavior often are evaluated in the Emergency Department (ED), where the default treatment recommendation traditionally has been admission to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Emergency Medicine increasingly provides intervention in the ED with the goal of stabilization and discharge, avoiding unnecessary inpatient stays that are expensive and utilize limited resources. Family-Based Crisis Intervention (FBCI) is a manualized psychiatric intervention that is used to optimize care for suicidal adolescents and their families in the ED. This paper presents the framework of FBCI and includes a case to demonstrate the essential parts of the treatment.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in a 30-Year-Old Caucasian Female

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare, self-limited, histiocytic, necrotizing lymphadenitis first described in Japan in 1972. Necrosis of lymph node tissue is caused by apoptosis and may be virally induced. It commonly presents with cervical lymphadenitis and fever. Despite its low incidence, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease should be considered in patients with persistent lymphadenopathy. Originally thought to occur only in young Asian women, it is now recognized in other geographic regions. We report a 30-year-old white woman with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. We discuss the clinical features, differential diagnosis, radiography, pathology, and outcome.
Existential-Phenomenological Psychotherapy in the Trenches: A Collaborative Approach to Serving the Underserved

This article describes the origin and the work of a volunteer run nonprofit agency designed to provide low cost psychotherapy. The agency was developed by psychotherapists connected with the Seattle University graduate program guided by the vision of psychotherapy as a healing relationship and in response to a growing crisis in the mental health system. We address the benefits and the challenges of this collaborative effort, and especially the difficulty involved in successfully running an agency while staying true to a particular vision of therapy, collaboration, and community.
Intravenous sodium valproate versus prochlorperazine for the emergency department treatment of acute migraine headaches: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial

Study objectives: We compare the efficacy of intravenous sodium valproate versus prochlorperazine for the emergency department treatment of acute migraine headache. Methods: We performed a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial performed at a tertiary care military ED. Forty patients, aged 18 to 65 years, presenting with typical migraine symptoms were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either 10 mg of prochlorperazine or 500 mg of valproate intravenously over 2 minutes. Pain, nausea, and sedation were assessed by using a standard visual analog scale (VAS). Changes in VAS scores were compared between groups from baseline to end point by using a rank sum test, over time by using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, and by requirement for rescue at 60 minutes by using the Fisher exact test. Results: Comparison of the change in median VAS scores over 60 minutes revealed that sodium valproate was significantly less effective than prochlorperazine in reducing pain or nausea (P<.001). Median improvements in VAS pain scores (binomial confidence intervals) were as follows: 64.5 mm (48.1 to 75.6 mm) for prochlorperazine versus 9 mm (–3 to 39.6 mm) for sodium valproate. Median improvements in VAS nausea scores were as follows: 35.5 mm (13.2 to 47.9 mm) for prochlorperazine versus 2 mm (–1.3 to 11 mm) for sodium valproate. There was no significant difference (P=.603) detected in the median changes in VAS scores for sedation: –4 mm (–29.9 to 8.6 mm) for prochlorperazine versus 0 mm (–6.6 to 6 mm) for sodium valproate. Comparison of the mean VAS time curves for pain and nausea also demonstrated a significant difference (both P<.001) but not for sedation (P=.232). In post hoc analysis, valproate failed to elicit significant improvement in pain or nausea scores over time, whereas prochlorperazine improved pain by 30 minutes (P<.001) and nausea by 15 minutes (P=.002). At the conclusion of the study, 15 (79%) of 19 patients receiving valproate required rescue treatment compared with 5 (25%) of 20 patients receiving prochlorperazine (P<.001). Conclusion: Prochlorperazine was statistically and clinically superior to sodium valproate for the treatment of the pain and nausea associated with acute migraine
Expectations for Others' Outcomes: Do People Display Compassionate Bracing?

Although people generally are optimistic about the future, they will lower their predictions to brace for bad news when confronting a challenge to their predictions. Three studies examined whether this shift in predictions for self-relevant outcomes extends to predictions for others' outcomes. That is, the authors explored whether people display "compassionate bracing." Results reveal that participants did not brace for friends even when their friend faced imminent feedback (Study 1) and even when the outcome was highly important to the friend (Study 2). Participants braced for friends only when the friend's performance had self-relevant implications (Study 3). The authors discuss the implications of these findings for communication and relationship health.
Bioactivation of clozapine by murine cardiac tissue in vivo and in vitro.

Clozapine, an atypical neuroleptic, undergoes bioactivation to a chemically reactive nitrenium ion. This has been implicated in the pathogenesis of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Clozapine also causes myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, the mechanisms of which are unknown. To investigate this, we have evaluated whether clozapine undergoes bioactivation by murine cardiac tissue, in comparison to hepatic tissue. Mice were administered clozapine (5 and 50 mg/kg i.p.), and the extent of covalent binding was assessed by Western blotting. There was an increase in irreversible binding of clozapine to several proteins, ranging in mass from 30 to 250 kDa in both hepatic and cardiac tissue. Bioactivation by hepatic and cardiac microsomes was assessed by LC/MS using glutathione to trap the intermediate. Metabolism of radiolabeled clozapine to a glutathionyl conjugate by liver and cardiac microsomes was 30.5 +/- 3.3 and 3.6 +/- 0.3% of the initial incubation concentration, respectively. Ketoconazole (20 muM), a P450 inhibitor, significantly reduced binding in both hepatic and cardiac microsomes to 6.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.5 +/- 0.06%, respectively. These data indicate that clozapine undergoes bioactivation in the heart to a chemically reactive nitrenium metabolite that may be important in the pathogenesis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy observed in man.
Tris(carbene)borate ligands featuring imidazole-2-ylidene, benzimidazol-2-ylidene, and 1,3,4-triazol-2-ylidene donors. Evaluation of donor properties in four-coordinate {NiNO}10 complexes.

The synthesis and characterization of new tris(carbene)borate ligand precursors containing substituted benzimidazol-2-ylidene and 1,3,4-triazol-2-ylidene donor groups, as well as a new tris(imidazol-2-ylidene)borate ligand precursor are reported. The relative donor strengths of the tris(carbene)borate ligands have been evaluated by the position of ν(NO) in four-coordinate {NiNO}10 complexes, and follow the order: imidazol-2-ylidene > benzimidazol-2-ylidene > 1,3,4-triazol-2-ylidene. There is a large variation in ν(NO), suggesting these ligands to have a wide range of donor strengths while maintaining a consistent ligand topology. All ligands are stronger donors than Tp* and Cp*.
Factors influencing susceptibility of fibrin and fibrinogen to proteolysis by fibrinolysin.

Abstract Regardless of incubation temperature, a delay of 5 min. in the formation of clots from fibrinogen solutions, containing the fibrinolysins of man, dog, or cow, always results in a prolongation of the time required for lysis of the clots. The comparative rates of release of tyrosine in the early stages of proteolysis appear to furnish added evidence that fibrin is more rapidly proteolyzed by fibrinolysin than is fibrinogen. The data presented in this report tend to substantiate the postulate that the formation of a clot in the presence of fibrinolysin results in the adsorption of all or part of the fibrinolysin and protection of it against the action of antifibrinolysin. The adsorbed fibrinolysin brings about the degradation of the clot regardless of the presence of antifibrinolysin. Profibrinolysin is not adsorbed during clot formation.
Third-Person Perception and Sexual Risk Taking Among Minority `At-Risk' Youth

Fifteen years ago, Davison (1983) introduced the third-person effect hypothesis that individuals believe they are less influenced than others by media messages. Although third-person effect is a perceptual bias, Davison believed that individuals act on such misperceptions. Few studies have tested the behavioral aspect of the third-person effect. In addition, previous studies reporting differences in third-person effect due to message type (i.e. Public Service Announcements [PSAs] vs. advertisements) lacked controls to isolate the effects of message type from content and context. In this study, I sought to (a) document third-person effect among minority "at-risk" youth within the context of safer sex messages, (b) determine the differences in third-person effects (if any) between PSAs and advertisements with similar content, and (c) determine the link (if any) between third-person effect and risky sexual behaviors among youth. Findings indicate that third-person effect is an appropriate framework for under...
Acute prostaglandin reduction with indomethacin and chronic prostaglandin reduction with an essential fatty acid deficient diet both decrease plasma flow to the renal papilla in the rat.

Abstract Renal distribition of prostaglandin synthetase is mainly medullary, whereas the major degrading enzyme, prostaglandin dehydrogenase is primarily cortical. This suggests that prostaglandins (PG) released from the renal medulla could affect the medullary blood vessels. In two different experiments we studied the role of PG in the regulation of renal papillary plasma flow in the rat. First study: PG synthesis were stimulated in 34 adult Sprague-Dawley rats by bleeding from the femoral artery 1% of the body weight over a period of 10 minutes. Following this, indomethacin (a PG inhibitor, 10 mg/kg i.v.) was given slowly and then renal papillary plasma flow was measured 25 minutes after the end of infusion. In 17 indomethacin rats the renal papillary plasma flow averaged 18.8 ml/100 g/ minute, whereas it averaged 23.0 in 17 non-indomethacin rats given diluent, and 18% reduction (p
A 1.2-V 100KS/S energy efficient supply boosted SAR ADC

This paper presents a new energy efficient supply boosted (SB) successive approximation register (SAR) type analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed in a high-Vth CMOS process. Supply boosting technique (SBT) improves input common mode range and minimum operation voltage of mixed-signal circuits even when threshold voltages are in the order of the supply voltage. A 10-bit SB- SAR ADC was designed and fabricated in a standard 0.5 μm, 5V, 2P3M, CMOS process in which threshold voltages of NMOS and PMOS devices are +0.8V and -0.9V, respectively. Fabricated SB-SAR ADC achieves effective number of bits (ENOB) of 8.24, power consumption of 6μW from a 1.2Volt supply. Measured figure of merit (FoM) was 163fJ and 196fJ per conversion-step for sampling rates of 80KS/s and 100KS/s, respectively.
Observations on the definition of yield stress

The difficulties of establishing an unambiguously physical definition for the yield stress property are discussed. Although too complex for routine application, a specific and completely physical definition of yield stress is developed and illustrated here, showing that the definition need not be of an arbitrary specification.
Counting leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretions from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Abstract Objectives The evaluation of WBCs in EPS is recommended for classifying patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) but no agreement has been reached on the optimal method. We sought to determine the relationship between the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) leukocyte (WBC) count per high-power field (evaluated by a more quantitative wet mount method and the traditional gram-stained smear method used in clinical microbiology laboratories) and the EPS WBC concentration to determine whether quantitative methods are necessary for accurate patient classification. Methods EPS collected from 94 patients with CP/CPPS were evaluated by gram-stained smear, a standardized wet mount, and a hemocytometer method. Results The gram-stained smear detected EPS WBCs in 21 (22%) of 94 subjects compared with 78 (83%) by the standardized wet mount and 57 (60%) by the hemocytometer method. The gram-stained EPS WBC count correlated poorly with the WBC concentration by hemocytometer ( R 2 = 0.051, P = 0.03). Although the standardized EPS WBC count correlated better with the concentration by hemocytometer, the correlation coefficient remained low ( R 2 = 0.244, P Conclusions The standardized wet mount proved superior to the gram-stained smear, but both methods lacked precision. Quantitative determination of the EPS WBC concentration by a counting chamber method proved to be the superior evaluation for research studies of CP/CPPS.
VISCOELASTIC PANEL FLUTTER - STABILITY, PROBABILITIES of FAILURE and SURVIVAL TIMES*

A pilot study is undertaken for a parametric sensitivity analysis of nonlinear viscoelastic panel flutter. It shown that failure of the panel may consist of viscoelastic flutter developing in time or of failures due to degradation in time of delamination strength which can be ascertained on a paired probability of failure and survival time basis.
Ionization and charge-transfer: basic data for track structure calculations

It is widely accepted that an understanding of the detailed structure of charged particle tracks is essential for interpreting the mechanistic consequences of energy deposition by high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. The spatial relationship of events along the path of a charged particle, including excitation, ionization, and charge-transfer, govern subsequent chemical, biochemical, and biological reactions that can lead to adverse biologic effects. The determination of spatial patterns of ionization and excitation relies on a broad range of cross-section data relating the interactions of charged particles to the molecular constituents of the absorbing medium. It is important that these data be absolute in magnitude, comprehensive in scope, and reliable if accurate assessment of track structure parameters is to be achieved. Great strides have been made in the development of this database, understanding the underlying theory, and developing analytic models, particularly for interactions involving electrons and protons with atoms and molecules. The database is less comprehensive for interactions involving heavier charged particles, especially those that carry bound electrons, and for interactions in condensed phase media. Although there has been considerable progress in understanding the physical mechanisms for interactions involving fast heavy ions and atomic targets during the past few years, we still lack sufficient understanding to confidently predict cross-sections for these ions with biologically relevant material. In addition, little is known of the interaction cross-sections for heavy charged particles as they near the end of their track, i.e., for low velocity ions where collision theory is less well developed and where the particle's net charge fluctuates owing to electron capture and loss processes. This presentation focuses on the current status of ionization and charge-transfer data. Compilations, reviews, Internet sources, theoretical models, and recent data applicable to track structure calculations are discussed.
Latin and cross Latin squares

Latin squares were first introduced and studied by the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler in the 1700s. Through the years, Latin squares have been used in areas such as statistics, graph theory, coding theory, the generation of random numbers as well as in the design and analysis of experiments. Recently, with the international popularity of Sudoku puzzles, Latin squares are in the spotlight as every solution to a Sudoku puzzle is a Latin square. This article describes Latin, diagonal Latin and cross Latin squares, as well as a method of constructing such squares
Random Signal Method of Nonlinear Amplitude Distortion Measurement

The degree and orders of nonlinearity of a system can be determined by the use of a random test signal. A Gaussian-distributed random signal with a uniform power spectral density except for a narrow spectral notch is used as an input test signal. The power within the notch at the system output is a measure of the degree of system nonlinearity. Relative variations of the output power within the notch with input loading identify the orders of nonlinearity.
BLACK MALE CANCER AND AMERICAN URBAN HEALTH POLICY

: Black American males already have higher rates of cancer than other American populations, and these rates are steadily increasing. This article shows that the longstanding black male cancer problem is most meaningfully explained by a combination of factors that include racial discrimination, economic class, and culture —not by any one of the three. The author argues that an overwhelming majority of the limited resources for prevention of cancer among minorities and the poor ought to be directed toward alleviating the black cancer problem rather than toward other poor minority populations.
From theory to practice: Use of stage of change to develop an STD/HIV behavioral intervention: Phase 2: Stage-based behavioral counseling strategies for sexual risk reduction

In the first 15 years of the HIV epidemic, client education alone has not resulted in sustained sexual and substance use behavior change needed for primary prevention. More recently, interventions grounded in social and behavioral science have demonstrated efficacy in the primary prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Many barriers exist, however, in the implementation of research-proven behavioral interventions in real-world settings. This paper describes an adaptation of the Stage of Change/Transtheoretical Model (SOC/TTM) to develop a stage-based method of counseling that is currently being used to promote sexual and substance use behavior change for reducing the risk of acquiring STDs and HIV. This behavioral counseling intervention, named Rochester STD/HIV Behavioral Counseling (RoSHBeC), was developed for front-line providers who deliver STD/HIV prevention interventions to at-risk individuals in both clinical and community-based settings. A systematic method for assessing SOC, previously described in Coury-Doniger, Levenkron, Knox, Cowell, & Urban (1999) , provides the basis for the selection of practical counseling strategies adapted from the processes of change described in the TTM. The present paper traces our efforts to develop these counseling strategies specific to sexual behaviors and illustrates their use in 12 common clinical cases (STD/HIV-prevention counseling sessions). The RoSHBeC behavioral counseling intervention can also be used to influence other health-related behaviors at individual and group levels. The steps of RoSHBeC provide a structured psychological intervention that is grounded in social and behavioral science (SOC/TTM) and is practical enough to be delivered by a wide variety of providers with limited formal training in counseling and behavioral treatment methods.
Migration Study Using Horizontal Core from Beneath Solid Radioactive Waste-Disposal Pit at Los Alamos, New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Solid radioactive wastes are disposed of by burial in pits excavated in rhyolite tuff at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Contaminants known to be in the waste include fission products, uranium, and transuranic elements. Horizontal holes were cored during air as a cuttings carrier beneath a pit which was in use from 1963 to 1966. During drilling operations the air and cuttings from the holes were monitored for radioactive contamination as was the ambient air. No contamination was detected. Samples of the core were analyzed for gross alpha, gross beta, total uranium, 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239,240Pu, and 241Am. None of the man-made elements were present in the samples at levels above the minimum detection limits. Gro s alpha, gross beta, and uranium activity was detected in the samples. Statistical comparisons were made to identify any significant variations from natural background concentrations. The comparisons demonstrated that none of the radioactivity detected in the samples can be attributed to migration from the disposal pit. End_of_Article - Last_Page 568------------