cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence probe for cervical examination during various reproductive states

These studies represent further investigations that have been done utilizing the fluorescence from pyridinoline, one of the major crosslinks of type I and III collagen, to evaluate cervical connective tissue changes during various female reproductive periods. Based on our previous studies, a prototype instrument has been constructed. The instrument was specifically designed for the purpose of vaginal examination of cervical connective tissue by measuring light induced fluorescence directly from the surface of the external os of the cervix. The studies were carried out on nonpregnant rats, rats during gestation at different periods, rats at different times during postpartum, and rats during preterm birth after being treated with antiprogesterone drugs. A study has also been done on humans during pregnancy and postpartum. The results parallel previous investigations that have used various invasive methods to analyze cervical extensibility, cervical collagen content and collagenase. In consideration of the important role of the collagen fibers and their turnover in the process of cervical function during pregnancy (softening or ripening at term), this method could be a useful tool for evaluating treatment strategies of the cervix. Moreover, the instrument could serve as a device for the non-invasive estimation of cervical status in the clinic and the diagnosis of the changes in the cervix during the preparation for labor.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anatomical Dolls: Their Use in Assessment of Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused

This article examines anatomical dolls in interviews of children who may have been sexually abused from three perspectives. The article summarizes research findings on anatomical dolls, discusses advantages and disadvantages of using them, and describes endorsed doll uses. Although additional, ecologically-valid research is needed on anatomical dolls, the selective use of anatomical dolls, as communication aids, when interviewing children who may be reluctant or unable to describe sexual abuse is warranted.
On optimal link removals for controllability degradation in dynamical networks

We consider the problem of controllability degradation in dynamical networks subjected to malicious attacks. Attacks on the networks are assumed to be in the form of the removal of interconnection links. We formulate an optimization problem that seeks sets of links whose removal causes maximal degradation in the rank of the controllability gramian. We apply the alternating direction method of multipliers and sequential convex programming to find local solutions to this combinatorial optimization problem. We provide illustrative examples to demonstrate the utility of our results.
An evaluation methodology for rapidly deployable information and communications technologies in HA/DR

One of the most significant technological challenges after major humanitarian disasters is the rapid deployment of information and communications technologies (ICT) for initial responders. Reliance on ICT—particularly wireless communications—is essential to a coordinated response. This is especially true in international disasters due to the large number and diversity of responding organizations. Therefore, choosing the most effective ICT systems for disaster response is a critical factor for ensuring success of the response effort. This paper proposes a method to select and rapidly deploy ICT resources for disaster responders by evaluating ICT challenges that are unique to the post-disaster environment and identifying essential characteristics of rapidly deployable ICT systems. Further, the authors will develop a quantifiable methodology based on essential characteristics to evaluate and compare commercially-available ICT systems in order to identify technologies best suited for the disaster environment. Revelations will contribute to potential policy recommendations and follow-on research that will facilitate determination of the best ICT options, resulting in more effective cooperative utilization of these technologies to improve post-disaster responsiveness.
Some observations on NP real numbers and P-selective sets

Abstract We show that each standard left cut of a real number is a p -selective set. Classification results about NP real numbers and recursively enumerable real numbers follow from similar results about p -selective and semirecursive sets. In particular, it is proved that no left cut can be NP -hard unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses to ϵ 2 P . This result is surprising because it shows that the McLaughlin-Martin construction of a ⩽ tt -complete r.e. semirecursive set fails at the polynomial time complexity level.
Differential and Direct Differential Elastic Scattering Cross Sections for Electrons and Potassium Atoms

In a modulated crossed-beam experiment we have elastically scattered unpolarized electrons of 3.3 eV energy from spin-polarized K atoms. A measurement of the polarization of the scattered electron yields $\frac{{|f(\ensuremath{\theta})|}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})}$. Our measured values of $\frac{{|f|}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})}$ show a significant angular shift relative to the theoretical curve in forward-angle scattering ($\ensuremath{\theta}={20}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ensuremath{-}40$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}). This shift is not apparent in measurements of the differential scattering cross section $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ over the same angular range, which, however, do show a significant angular shift in the range $\ensuremath{\theta}={50}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ensuremath{-}120$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.
Stability of technology stock prices: evidence of rational expectations or irrational sentiment?

We examine the stability of market prices for 35 technology and 35 industrial stocks for the period December 31, 1993 to October 31, 2002. A phase portrait plot of the detrended log prices and de‐meaned returns of the two sectors shows a chaotic pattern in the stock prices indicating the presence of nonlinearity. However, when we compute the Lyapunov exponents, negative values are obtained. This shows that the price fluctuations for the 70 stocks result primarily from diffusion processes rather than from nonlinear dynamics. We evaluate forecast errors from a naive model, a neural network, and ARMA models and find that the forecast errors are correlated with average changes in closed‐end fund discounts and other sentiment indexes. These results support an investor sentiment explanation for the closed‐end fund puzzle and behavioral theories of investor overreaction.
Issues in augmenting image databases to improve processing content-based similarity searches

Many current multimedia database management systems perform content-based retrieval of images by extracting a set of features from each data object inserted into the underlying database. This allows users to search the database for images that are similar to an input query image where the similarity is determined by comparing the previously extracted features. Thus, the ability of the system to compare images depends upon the features it can extract from them. This also means that the system may fail to correctly match one of its stored images to the query image if their corresponding features do not sufficiently match. One approach to minimize the occurrences of these situations is to add modified versions of the stored image to the database and attempt to match the query image to any one of them. This paper discusses the advantages and applicability of this approach.
A probable homologue of the clavicle in the holostean fish Amia calva

The two pairs of appendages associated with the throat region in Amia are described. The posterior serrated appcndage of Amia calva is considered a homologue of the clavicle. This theory is based on topographical similarity (a bony element situated in front of the ventral part of the cleithrum and overlapping the anterior margin of the adjoining part of the cleithrum), structural similarity (cellular bone with ridges bearing denticles arranged in distinct patterns), ontogenetic similarity (early ontogenctic ossification with other dements of the dermal shoulder girdle prior to the appearance of scales), and phylogenetic cvidcnce (presence of similar elements in the caturid Furo). Although the anterior serrated appendage of A. calva exhibits structural and topographical similarities to both scales and clavicles, the ontogenetic evidence favours an homology with scales. The ossicles located dorsolateral and lateral to the anteroventral part of the cleithrum in Lepisosteus oculatus share structural and topographical similarities to both scales and clavicles. However, ontogenetic evidence indicates that these ossicles are scales rather than fragmented clavicles.
Abnormal Enamel Development in a Cystic Fibrosis Transgenic Mouse Model

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary condition that affects cAMP-regulated chloride channels in epithelial tissues due to a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Recently, a transgenic CF mouse model was developed at UNC that exhibits no CFTR expression. Interestingly, the CF mouse demonstrates abnormal incisor enamel. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to characterize the enamel in this CF mouse model. Incisors from CF and normal mice were evaluated by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The enamel proteins were examined by amino acid analysis, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot. Gross examination showed that 100% of CF mice had soft, chalky white incisor enamel, while the enamel of normal mice was hard and yellow-brown. LM indicated that the ameloblasts in the CF mice underwent premature degeneration shortly after completion of the secretory phase. The CF mouse enamel appeared to be of relat...
Unusual Folded Structures for a Tethered Squaraine-Cholesterol Derivative in Langmuir−Blodgett Films†

A squaraine−cholesterol diad, 1, which has been found to be a good gelator, has been studied in films at the air−water interface and in supported Langmuir−Blodgett films. Both experimental observations and simulations are consistent with a low-energy folded structure in which there are attractive noncovalent interactions between the squaraine chromophore and the steroid. Although different structures seem likely for 1 in both the crystal and organogels, the present studies suggest that the folded structure exists in both uncompressed and compressed films at the air−water interface and in supported LB films. In both environments the squaraine chromophore shows evidence of squaraine−squaraine aggregation; both “J” and “H” aggregates are indicated depending upon the conditions imposed upon the film.
The GLI gene is a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins

Many studies have established that a select subset of normal cellular genes are altered in cancer by point mutations, translo-cations or gene amplification1. However, the vast majority of genetic changes that occur in neoplastic cells have not yet been identified. In an attempt to identify some of these other genetic changes, we have recently isolated a gene, GLI, by virtue of its amplification in a human glioblastoma2. Subsequently, GLI was found to be amplified in other human glioblastomas (ref. 3 and unpublished data). To understand better the role of GLI in human neoplasia, we have now cloned the GLI complementary DNA (cDNA) and determined its nucleotide sequence. Analysis of the predicted translation product reveals that it contains five repeats of a DNA binding consensus sequence (zinc finger) originally described in Xenopus Transcription Factor III A (TFIIIA) 4. Furthermore, these zinc fingers contain sequence elements that suggest the GLI gene product is a member of the recently described Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins5,6. Additional experiments demonstrate that GLI is an evolutionary conserved gene that is expressed in embryonal carcinoma cells but not in most adult tissues. The link between the developmentally important Kruppel family of genes and GLI is interesting considering the similarities between developing embryonic and neoplastic tissue.
Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma among HHV‐8 seropositive homosexual men with AIDS

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a frequent complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in homosexual men. Risk factors for developing this malignancy are uncertain, other than immunosuppression and coinfection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). We therefore examined factors associated with KS in a cross-sectional analysis of 99 cases among 503 HHV-8 seropositive homosexual men with AIDS. Data were collected by computer-assisted personal interviews and medical chart reviews. HHV-8 seroreactivity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against HHV-8 K8.1 glycoprotein. KS was significantly less common in blacks compared to whites [risk ratio (RR) = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2 =0.8] and more common in subjects who had completed college (RR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.7) or had annual income greater than $30,000 (RR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.2). KS was less common in cigarette smokers (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.5–0.9) and users of crack cocaine (RR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1–0.8). KS was less common in bisexual men compared to men who were exclusively homosexual (estimated RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.9) and inversely associated with number of female partners. KS was also less common in men who had received pay for sex (RR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–1.0). These cross-sectional associations could be biased by potential differences in relative timing of HHV-8 and HIV infection, a postulated determinant of KS risk. Alternatively, our findings may reflect factors protective against KS in individuals infected with HHV-8. Future research should focus on identifying practical measures for countering KS that do not increase the risk of other diseases. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pelvic lymphadenectomy in stage a prostatic cancer

Pelvic lymphadenectomy as a staging procedure in clinically apparent prostatic adenocarcinoma has long been recognized and its value appreciated. Twenty-three recent cases from the University of Colorado of clinically unapparent carcinoma of the prostate were studied with this modality, 5 Stage A1 and 18 Stage A2 tumors. Four of the 18 Stage A2 tumors but none of the A1 lesions after negative staging procedures revealed metastatic disease to the pelvic lymph nodes. Our experience indicated this modality should be employed in selected cases of incidental adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Health Professional Students on One Health After Completion of an Interprofessional Education Course

Interprofessional education has the potential to teach One Health topics in a novel interactive format, bringing together future health professionals in a format that allows them a first-hand understanding of the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) of health professional students on One Health concepts following completion of an interprofessional education (IPE) course. The rationale behind the research is that while there are multiple studies that promote the importance of interdisciplinary care within the human medical field, there are no studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of using IPE to promote cross-disciplinary collaboration outside the realm of human health. Western University of Health Sciences (WUHS) is in a unique position to conduct just such research, as the WUHS IPE program is comprised of 1,200 students from across the health-care spectrum. Health professional student’s KAB of One Health were assessed utilizing a five-point Likert-scale survey, and the responses from the osteopathic medical and veterinary colleges were statistically analyzed via t test for comparison of means. This study provided valuable insights and identified gaps into the curricula and showed that following an IPE course, most students possessed a significant knowledge and appreciation of One Health. In addition, there were significant differences between veterinary and medical students in their ability to define One Health and in their appreciation of One Health concepts.
Effect of atropine on the bronchial response of asthmatic subjects to the inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water

Abstract To determine whether atropine provides protection against the bronchoconstriction that develops in asthmatic subjects after inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water, we exposed six asthmatic patients to this stimulus with and without pretreatment with atropine (0.04 mg/kg). The mean FEV 1 decreased from 3.32 to 2.39 L (−28%) without and from 3.49 to 3.18 L (−9%) with atropine. This protective effect was statistically significant (p
Abstract 2992: Analysis of divergent hypoxic gene expression data in prostate cancer cell lines suggests novel tumor progression biomarkers

Decreased oxygen tension which can be caused by isolation of solid tumor cells from vascularization is hypothesized to lead cause migration, adaptation, or death. These cellular endpoints require transcriptional regulation of genes that are involved in numerous metabolic and physiological processes. We hypothesize those differences in transcriptional regulation account for variation of cellular response to a hypoxic environment (i.e. metastasis). To test this hypothesis, we characterized the difference in hypoxic gene expression of two isogenic cell lines (LnCap and C4-2) which differ in metastatic potential. In three independent experiments, cell lines (LnCAP and C-42) were incubated in a hypoxic or normoxic environment and pathway analysis was performed on the list of genes whose expression was significantly different. Analysis of the divergent hypoxic gene expression data (i.e. 641 genes) supported significant changes in starch and sucrose pathways (i.e. UDP glucoronosyltransferases), and cardiac arteriolopathy (i.e. DPP4). Differences in gene expression (i.e. 300 genes) between LNCaP and C4-2 were noted under normoxic conditions and included genes related to cell cycle (i.e. CDKN1B, JUNB, and CYR61) and cell differentiation (i.e. ID2, ID3, and HBP1). C4-2 cells are much more metastatic than LNCaP cells from which they were derived. Differences in response to hypoxia may reflect a strategy used by the C4-2 cell line to escape or survive in a hypoxic environment. Transcript profiles may have prognostic or diagnostic value for distinguishing the propensity for prostate cells to metastasize, and those genes that assist in hypoxic survival of C4-2 may be therapeutic targets for PCa. Continued investigation will identify the contributions of these genes to the metastatic process and clarify the downstream transcriptional networks involved in this facet of tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2992. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2992
Labile anion binding by roots of two plum clones

The anion-exchange capacities (AEC) of roots of intact plants of two plum clones [Marianna 2624 (Prunus cerasifera × P. munsoniana) and Myrobalan 3-J (P. cerasifera)] were assessed with an anionic dye, eosin Y. The positively charged eosin-specific adsorption sites were metabolically dependent and also affected by nutrient status. Myrobalan 3-J roots adsorbed twice as much exchangeable NO3 as did Marianna 2624. Since we previously showed that net nitrate uptake by Myrobalan 3-J persisted at half the ambient nitrate concentration as that characteristic of Marianna 2624, the data provide circumstantial support for a functional role of labile anion binding in active uptake at dilute concentrations of ambient nitrate.
Body Size and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Preschool Population

Data on weight, height, blood pressure, and blood lipids were obtained for 1215 children entering New York Head Start preschools from 1995–1997. In this population, 17% were overweight and 15% were obese; the risk was greatest in Hispanic children. Overall, 13% had high blood pressure. African-American children were at increased risk of elevated blood pressure but had a more favorable lipid profile (high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and low triglycerides level) than white or Hispanic children. Body size was a significant predictor of elevated blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased triglycerides. The association between obesity and blood pressure was evident in white and Hispanic children only. Neither ethnicity nor obesity was associated with total cholesterol level. Obese preschoolers had approximately three times the risk of having high systolic blood pressure and twice the risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level compared with nonobese children, indicating that at-risk populations can be identified and primary prevention begun at a young age.
AGENTS OF CHANGE: MODELING BIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION IN UPPER PLEISTOCENE WESTERN EURASIA

The complex interactions between social learning and biological change are key to understanding the human species and its origins. Yet paleoanthropological models often focus only on the evolution of the human genome and physical characters, while behavior is treated as an epiphenomenon of biological evolution. We present the results of a series of experiments that use computational models, parametrized with new archaeological data, to simulate the complex dynamics of human biocultural evolution in the changing environment of OIS (Oxygen Isotope Stage) 3 of western Eurasia (~58000–27000 ka). These experiments allow us to compare alternative trajectories of human evolution, resulting from differing combinations of socioecological behaviors and biological conditions, against the paleoanthropological record.
The recovery of photosynthesis in tomato subsequent to chilling exposure.

The overall success of a plant in coping with low temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis is dependent not only on the maximum extent of inhibition suffered for a given time of low temperature exposure but also on the persistence of the inhibition after normal growth temperatures are restored. Thus the capacity of recovery and the speed with which a plant can recover from the effects of chilling exposure are important parameters in determining how devastating the chilling event will be on season-long growth and yields. We have studied the recovery of CO2-saturated photosynthesis from the injury caused by exposing intact tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Floramerica) or detached tomato leaves to a temperature of 1°C in the dark for varying periods of time. We found that net photosynthesis was fully recovered within 12 h after returning the plants to 25°C in the dark, even after chilling exposures as long as 45 h. This was true for intact plants as well as for detached leaves that were supplied with water. When chilling took place in the light (4°C, 1000 μE · m-2 · s-1, PAR) inhibition of photosynthesis was more severe and appeared more quickly and the recovery was slower and incomplete. A 12 h chilling exposure in the light resulted in injury to net photosynthesis that was not fully recovered even after 50 h. Chilling damage to photosynthesis developing in the light was distinguished from chilling in the dark by the decreased photosynthetic quantum yield. Not only did high intensity illumination enhance chilling damage of photosynthesis but bright light subsequent to the chilling exposure also delayed the recovery of photosynthesis. At none of the three ambient CO2 concentrations investigated (300, 1500 and 5000 μ1.1-1) did the recovery of photosynthesis depend on stomatal conductance.
Understanding Sport Behavior: A Cognitive-Affective Processing Systems Approach

Recent developments in social-cognitive personality theory have promising applications to sport psychology. Of special significance is Mischel and Shoda's (1995) description of the Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS), a dynamic network of cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavior-generation units that interacts with situational factors to produce both coherence and cross-situational variability in behavior. Consistency in situation-behavior relations are demonstrated in individualized “behavioral signatures” of athletic coaches. The CAPS model has promise as a theoretical template within which domain-specific theoretical frameworks in sport psychology can be incorporated and expanded. To illustrate the potential utility of the CAPS model for construct elaboration, assessment of individual differences, and interventions in sport psychology, I apply it to an analysis of mental toughness and to performance anxiety, achievement goal theory, idiographic assessment, and psychological skills trai...
Surveying flash flood response in mountain streams

During the winter season of 2005, Southern California was besieged by a series of heavy precipitation events that caused widespread flash flooding, mud slides, debris flows, and significant damage. The first event began in December (28 December 2004 to 4 January 2005), triggered mudflows and flooding in the San Bernardino Mountains, and produced a record daily rainfall total for the city of Los Angeles. The second period of heavy rainfall occurred in January (7–12 January 2005) and was widespread, extending from west of Santa Barbara to the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino County and to the south including San Diego County. The peak rainfall total during the January 2005 event exceeded 700 millimeters (30 inches) over the six-day period. Impacts included the disastrous La Conchita landslide in Ventura County, which killed 10 people and destroyed or damaged over 35 homes.
Transcriptional Repression in the Notch Pathway: THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CSL-MINT (Msx2-INTERACTING NUCLEAR TARGET PROTEIN) COMPLEXES*

The Notch pathway is a conserved cell-to-cell signaling mechanism that mediates cell fate decisions in metazoans. Canonical signaling results in changes in gene expression, which is regulated by the nuclear effector of the pathway CSL (CBF1/RBP-J, Su(H), Lag-1). CSL is a DNA binding protein that functions as either a repressor or an activator of transcription, depending upon whether it is complexed by transcriptional corepressor or coactivator proteins, respectively. In stark contrast to CSL-coactivator complexes, e.g. the transcriptionally active CSL-Notch-Mastermind ternary complex, the structure and function of CSL-corepressor complexes are poorly understood. The corepressor MINT (Msx2-interacting nuclear target protein) has been shown in vivo to antagonize Notch signaling and shown in vitro to biochemically interact with CSL; however, the molecular details of this interaction are only partially defined. Here, we provide a quantitative thermodynamic binding analysis of CSL-MINT complexes. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we demonstrate that MINT forms a high affinity complex with CSL, and we also delineate the domains of MINT and CSL that are necessary and sufficient for complex formation. Moreover, we show in cultured cells that this region of MINT can inhibit Notch signaling in transcriptional reporter assays. Taken together, our results provide functional insights into how CSL is converted from a repressor to an activator of transcription.
Phototransport effects in polyacetylene, (CH)x

Abstract We have made the first comprehensive measurements of the photovoltaic and photoconductivity effects in polyacetylene in that we have extended the spectral range originally covered by Matsui and Nakamura [17] to include the visible region as well. The photovoltaic experiments were done on Schottky barrier junctions formed between AsF5 lightly-doped p-type trans-(CH)x and a low work function metal, the first junctions of this type to be produced in semiconducting polyacetylene. The observation of a photovoltaic response threshold at 1.48 eV provides the first definitive measurement of the single-particle band gap in trans-(CH)x. In addition, we have found the existence of a peak at 1.35 eV in the photoconductivity spectrum of undoped trans-(CH)x which may be due either to extrinsic sources or to thermal dissociation of a weakly bound Wannier exciton.
The Maker of Martyrs: Narrative Form and Political Resistance in Ryleev's “Voinarovskii”

This essay examines the synergy of narrative form and political function in Ryleev's last and best completed narrative poem, “Voinarovskii” (1824). The poem is designed to foment rebellion, to persuade readers to fight tyranny even in the face of failure and certain death. To recruit self-sacrificing fighters for the cause of freedom, Ryleev creates a sophisticated narrative apparatus, a chain of conversion narratives where one martyr recruits another in perpetuity. While representing his characters’ conversions, Ryleev also strives to engulf his readers in this “chain reaction.”“Voinarovskii” unfolds in a series of nested narrative frames, where each frame contains a story of a character's conversion to freedom's cause; each story helps convert another character in the next frame. The poem's beginning and ending are designed to blur the boundary between characters’ and readers’ lives. They invite readers to emulate the poem's characters and add a story of their own transformation to the “chain reaction” of conversions, which can continue indefinitely, thanks to framed narrative's inherent expandability. Potentially endless replication of conversion narratives creates a sense that the community of rebels transcends time and death; fallen heroes are vicariously reborn in the next generation. This narrative effect gives readers a powerful psychological incentive to join the community of selfless fighters, promising them a symbolic victory over death. Ryleev's aspiration to transform readers into martyrs for freedom may seem hopelessly naive; however, reader responses, particularly testimonies of revolutionary radicals such as Vera Zasulich and Nikolai Ogarev, suggest that the poet succeeded beyond probable expectation. By exploiting inherent properties of framed narrative (its potential to blur the boundary between life and art and its capacity to expand indefinitely), Ryleev created an effective instrument of political propaganda, a tool for keeping the spirit of resistance alive despite defeat until, for better or for worse, revolution could finally succeed.
Indoor tobacco smoke pollution a major risk factor for both breast and lung cancer

Among 51 countries, those having high mortality rates for male lung cancer generally have high rates for female breast cancer (highest in England, Scotland, and the Netherlands). Conversely, those having low rates for one disease have low rates for both (P less than 0.001). Mortality rates available for 23 of the countries for 1954, 1964, and 1974 show a constant relationship of the female breast cancer rate, y = 13.3 + 0.17x (where x is the male lung cancer rate). Where data on 1950 tobacco consumption are available (20 countries), an even closer relationship with female breast cancer mortality in 1974 is observed. Because women in many of these countries account for only a small fraction of the tobacco consumption, the conclusion is that the risk of the female disease is closely related to the extent of male smoking. Thus, breast cancer is apparently initiated by the involuntary inhalation of indoor tobacco smoke for more than two decades on the average before diagnosis. The same relationship between female breast and male lung cancer is found in incidence rates for 80 populations of five continents, including northern and western populations of the US. Trends in age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates rose almost 50% in many of these populations from 1950 to 1975. This increase corresponds to a tripling of cigarette consumption in the US from 1927 to 1952. There is a strong need to analyze passive smoking more than two decades before diagnosis as a confounding variable in all studies of other risk factors for breast cancer such as alcohol, dietary fat, and endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Comparison of incidence rates for lung cancer and lifetime cigarette consumption in various cultures of Hawaii indicates that even for male smokers, additional exposure to high levels of indoor tobacco smoke greatly increases their risk of lung cancer. This brings the safety of designated smoking areas into serious question.
On the torsional vibrations of cylinders and cones

In Ref. 11] the author has shown that solutions to many two dimensional static elasticity problems may be obtained in closed form by (a) letting one of the stresses be identically zero, (b) integrating the governing equations of elasticity and then (c) applying the boundary conditions. The author found that this procedure may also be applied to obtain closed form solutions to torsional problems of vibrating cylinders and cones as follows:
Reduced-intensity allogeneic transplant in patients older than 55 years: unrelated umbilical cord blood is safe and effective for patients without a matched related donor.

Abstract The lower morbidity and mortality of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens have allowed allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in older patients. Unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been investigated as an alternative stem cell source to suitably HLA matched related (MRD) and adult volunteer unrelated donors. We hypothesized that RIC HCT using UCB would be safe and efficacious in older patients, and compared the treatment-related mortality (TRM) and overall survival (OS) of RIC HCT in patients older than 55 years using either MRD (n = 47) or, in patients with no 5 of 6 or 6 of 6 HLA compatible related donors, UCB (n = 43). RIC regimen consisted of total-body irradiation (TBI; 200 cGy) and either cyclophosphamide and fludarabine (n = 69), or busulfan and fludarabine (n = 16) or busulfan and cladribine (n = 5). The median age of MRD and UCB cohorts was 58 (range, 55-70) and 59 (range, 55-69) years, respectively. acute myelogenous leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) (50%) was the most common diagnosis. All MRD grafts were 6 of 6 HLA matched to the recipient. Among patients undergoing UCB HCT, 88% received 2 UCB units to optimize cell dose and 93% received 1-2 HLA mismatched grafts. The median follow-up for survivors was 27 (range: 12-61) months. The 3-year probabilities of progression-free survival (PFS; 30% versus 34%, P = .98) and OS (43% versus 34%, P = .57) were similar for recipients of MRD and UCB. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host (aGVHD) disease (42% versus 49%, P = .20) and TRM at 180-days (23% versus 28%, P = .36) were comparable. However, UCB recipients had a lower incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) at 1 year (40% versus 17%, P = .02). On multivariate analysis, graft type had no impact on TRM or survival, and the HCT comorbidity index score was the only factor independently predictive for these endpoints. Our study supports the use of HLA mismatched UCB as an alternative graft source for older patients who need a transplant but do not have an MRD. The use of RIC and UCB extends the availability of transplant therapy to older patients previously excluded on the basis of age and lack of a suitable MRD. A careful review of existing comorbidities is necessary when considering older patients for HCT.
Safety and efficacy of amiodarone: the low-dose perspective

Amiodarone has been reported to be a remarkably safe and effective drug in the European and South American experience but American investigators have published conflicting data. Since this disparity may be explained by a different dosing schedule, we prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of a low dose regimen in a group of 68 patients with cardiac arrhythmia resistant to conventional therapy, of whom 57 had manifested either ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. All were loaded either intravenously (17) or orally, and maintained on an oral dose of 200 to 600 mg/day (mean daily dose 317 ± 114 mg) and followed for 4 to 58 months (22 ± 11). Results indicated that amiodarone was a safe and effective antiarrhythmic drug when used in lower doses.
The logic of habit in International Relations

IR theory is dominated by the logics of consequentialism and appropriateness. But Max Weber offered four logics of choice, not just two. Beyond the instrumental rationality of Zweckrationalitat and the normative rationality of Wertrationalitat are affect and habit. Drawing on Weber, James, Dewey, and Bourdieu, and habit’s microfoundations in neurocognitive psychology, I explore the logic of habit and its consequences for several fundamental puzzles in IR theory. The logic of habit necessarily precludes rationality, agency, and uncertainty, and so offers a different interpretation of cooperation, security dilemmas, enduring rivalries, and security communities in international politics. The logic of habit also fills a gap in mainstream constructivism’s theorization of intersubjective structures, returning the taken-for-granted lifeworld to the center of attention.
The long-term torsion effect of the adjustable Harada-Ito procedure.

Abstract Purpose: The Harada-Ito procedure is a widely used technique in the treatment of excyclotorsion. While previous studies have demonstrated its initial success, long-term data have not been readily available. The purpose of this study is to describe the long-term torsion effect of the adjustable Harada-Ito procedure. Methods: All Harada-Ito procedures performed by 1 surgeon from 1982 to 1998 with at least 1 year of follow-up were reviewed. Torsion was evaluated using the double Maddox rods preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, 2 months, 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, then annually thereafter. The effectiveness of the procedure was evaluated by comparing preoperative values to those at follow-up exams. The stability of the procedure was also evaluated by comparing torsion at 1 day and 2 months postoperatively to the torsion at subsequent exams. All comparisons were performed using the Student's t test. Results: Eighty Harada-Ito procedures were performed by 1 surgeon during this period. Nineteen patients had at least 1 year of follow-up (range, 1–7 years; mean, 2.0 years). Mean excyclotorsion values were 10.7° preoperatively, 1.0° at 1 day, 1.0° at 2 months, 3.4° at 6 months, 4.8° at 1 year, and 5.3° at 18 months. There was a significant improvement of excyclotorsion compared to preoperative torsion up to 12 months after surgery ( P ≤.05). However, there was regression of the torsion effect from 2 months to 12 months after surgery ( P =.02). After 12 months, there did not appear to be any further regression at 18 and 24 months postop ( P =.79 and.84, respectively), although the number of patients with follow-up beyond 1 year was small (n = 3). Conclusions: The Harada-Ito procedure is an effective procedure to treat excyclotorsion. However, regression toward excyclotorsion occurs between 2 months to 12 months postoperatively. These results suggest that an initial overcorrection may aid in long-term success of this procedure. (J AAPOS 2002;6:141-4)
Sources of variability and uncertainty in LCA of single wall carbon nanotubes for Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles

Production alternatives for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) such as chemical vapor deposition, laser, arc and flame, vary widely in material and energy yields, catalyst requirements and product characteristics. The overall environmental profile must be assessed relative to performance in a specific end-use application, such as lithium ion batteries for electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles. Although in general SWCNT have several properties that make them attractive for transportation applications, production is a material- and energy-intensive process. High-yield synthesis pathways may be environmentally inefficient if extensive purification is required. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an approach to quantifying the environmental trade-offs engendered by technology substitution. However, it is essential to recognize that the results of LCA for one type of SWCNT may not be applicable to SWCNT of different purity, length, diameter, chirality or conductivity. This paper discusses sources of variability and uncertainty in production of SWCNT and makes several recommendations with regard to LCA of nanomaterials.
Feed Particle Size as a Factor in Water Consumption and Elimination

Abstract A SEARCH of the literature reveals no specific information on the relationships of feed particle size to water consumption and water elimination as measured by moisture content of the droppings. However, it has been widely observed in the field that the feeding of all-mash diets results in wet, sloppy litter in poultry houses and that the feeding of some grain in the diet materially improves this condition. Hoffmann and Tomhave (1944) and Callenbach (1944) reported that grain and mash feeding of growing chicks resulted in a dryer litter condition than all-mash feeding and Morris (1947) observed that dry litter was associated with the feeding of some grain to laying hens as compared to an all-mash or pelleted diet. In comparisons of pelleted and all-mash diets, Hoffmann and Poitevent (1947) found that the feeding of a pelleted mash to broilers reduced the moisture content of the litter, but Morris (1947) reported . . .
Rayleigh wave particle motion and crustal structure

A feasibility study was made concerning the use of the ellipticity of the Rayleigh wave particle motion for determining earth structures. Variational parameters were computed empirically for both the ellipticity and phase velocity of Rayleigh waves in the period range T = 10-50 seconds. It was found that, in general, the ellipticity and phase velocity are about equally sensitive to structural perturbations, but that near-surface low-velocity sedimentary layers influence the ellipticity much more strongly than they do the phase velocity. Anelasticity has a minor effect on the ellipticity, whereas the presence of interfering waves can have a significant influence. A test of the independence between ellipticity and phase velocity indicated that in our period range ellipticity does contribute independent information, and thus provides an additional constraint toward uniqueness. Using data from LASA, both ellipticity and Rayleigh- and Love-wave phase velocities were measured and the results interpreted in terms of a crustal structure. The ellipticity data proved useful when combined with the phase velocity and some structures that fit the phase velocity data could be rejected on the basis of ellipticity.
Tool-assisted unit test selection based on operational violations

Unit testing, a common step in software development, presents a challenge. When produced manually, unit test suites are often insufficient to identify defects. The main alternative is to use one of a variety of automatic unit test generation tools: these are able to produce and execute a large number of test inputs that extensively exercise the unit under test. However, without a priori specifications, developers need to manually verify the outputs of these test executions, which is generally impractical. To reduce this cost, unit test selection techniques may be used to help select a subset of automatically generated test inputs. Then developers can verify their outputs, equip them with test oracles, and put them into the existing test suite. In this paper, we present the operational violation approach for unit test selection, a black-box approach without requiring a priori specifications. The approach dynamically generates operational abstractions from executions of the existing unit test suite. Any automatically generated tests violating the operational abstractions are identified as candidates for selection. In addition, these operational abstractions can guide test generation tools to produce better tests. To experiment with this approach, we integrated the use of Daikon (a dynamic invariant detection tool) and Jtest (a commercial Java unit testing tool). An experiment is conducted to assess this approach.
Synteny‐mapping horse microsatellite markers using a heterohybridoma panel

A panel of horse-mouse heterohybridoma cells was tested for genetic markers using biochemical and polymerase chain reaction-(PCR-) based tests. Biochemical markers included phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD). Markers detected using PCR-based tests included microsatellite markers HTG2-15, HMS 1-3, 5-8, VHL20, ECA2 and genes for equine major histocompatibility gene ELA-DRA, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and transferrin. The results were analysed for correlation and concordance. Based on the results, five synteny groups were identified, specifically between ELA-DRA, TNFA, HMS5 and HTG5; between HTG3 and HTG13; between HTG4, HTG8 and HMS3; between HTG6 and HMS1; and between HTG7, HTG9 and HMS6. Evidence was also found for synteny between HTG12, HMS7 and ECA2, however, confirmation requires further testing. Cytogenetic evaluation of the cell lines making up the panel indicated that large metacentric chromosomes were preferentially lost or tended to break at the centromere. Consequently, the results from this analysis can be used to identify synteny, but not to exclude synteny.
Variation in crystallization conditions allows the isolation of trimeric as well as dimeric and monomeric forms of [(alkyl isocyanide)4RhI]+.

Trimeric green [(i-PrNC)12RhI3]Cl3·4.5H2O, monomeric [(C6H11NC)4RhI](BPh4) and [(i-PrNC)4RhI](BPh4) (both yellow), and red, dimeric [(C6H11NC)8RhI2]Cl2·0.5C6H6·2H2O have been crystallized.
(SP‐4‐4)‐[(S)‐[O‐(1‐Benzyl‐2‐pyrrolidinecarboxamido)‐α‐phenylbenzylidene]glycinato(2−)‐N,N′,N′,O1]‐nickel

[96293-17-3] C27H25N3NiO3 (MW 498.20) InChI = 1S/C27H27N3O3.Ni/c31-25(32)18-28-26(21-12-5-2-6-13-21)22-14-7-8-15-23(22)29-27(33)24-16-9-17-30(24)19-20-10-3-1-4-11-20;/h1-8,10-15,24H,9,16-19H2,(H2,28,29,31,32,33);/q;+2/p-2/t24-;/m0./s1 InChIKey = AXOAXZULMRICBL-JIDHJSLPSA-L (used in asymmetric alkylations,1 1,2-additions,2 and 1,4-additions3 to prepare α-amino acids) Alternate Name: nickel(II) nitrate–(S)-o-(benzylprolylamino)benzophenone–glycine Physical Data: diamagnetic, mp 208–212 °C. Solubility: sol CHCl3; insol MeOH. Form Supplied in: not commercially available; prepared as a red solid.1 Preparative Method: prepared by condensation of (S)-o-[(N-benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone (BBP) with glycine in the presence of nickel(II) nitrate in methanol.1 Purification: purified by sequential chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, or by ‘dry flash chromatography’.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: care should be taken in applying samples to purified Sephadex. The addition of basic media can present an explosion hazard.
The Pricing of IPO Services and Issues: Theory and Estimation

By modeling the market for IPOs as a repeated game with imperfect monitoring, we establish that collusion among underwriters explains the concentration of spreads at 7%, along with other characters of the data on spreads. Furthermore, the structure of optimal spreads in the model explains the existence and quantitative characteristics of underpricing in the market for IPO shares. We estimate the model by deriving moment conditions from both underpricing and spreads. Our estimates indicate that IPOs destroy value on average over the sample period 1985-2007. This result, however, is driven primarily by the dot-com era. Excluding this period, IPOs appear to increase value.
EFFECT OF MEASURES OF OBESITY ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AMONG REPRESENTATIVE U.S. ADULTS

Red cell distribution width (RDW), a novel biomarker, and anthropometric measures have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular (CVD) events. We sought to explore the effect of anthropometric measures on predictive value of RDW for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause