cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of granular computing model based on Fuzzy based linear programming problem

Granular computing is not only a computing model for computer centered problem solving, but also a thinking model for human centered problem solving. In this paper we have discussed the architecture of granular computing models, strategies, and applications. Especially, comparison on the perspectives of granular computing in various aspects as AI, data mining and phases of software engineering are presented, including requirement specification, system analysis and design, algorithm design, structured programming, software testing. Here we have discovered the mining patterns in the sequence of events has been an area of active research in AI. However, the focus in this body of work is on discovering the rule underlying the generation of a given sequence in order to be able to predict a plausible sequence continuation(the rule to predict what number will come next, given a sequence of numbers). Here we have used the Fuzzy based linear programming problem of Granular computing model for the purpose of mathematical simulation and we have compared it with the different existing algorithms for better performance analysis.
Steady-state performance assessment of different compensation topologies in two-way IWPT system for EV ancillary services

Electric vehicles (EV) can act as an energy consuming system or an energy resource in the concept known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V). The bidirectional wireless charging system is an effective choice for this application, since it provides automatic, reliable and safe operation. This paper presents evaluation analysis for the steady-state performance of bidirectional inductive wireless power transfer (BIWPT) system. The analysis is presented here for three different compensation configurations; LC-series, LC-parallel and LCL-topology. Moreover, the steady-state equivalent circuit-based mathematical models for all topologies are developed. These models were used to determine the system performance during V2G and G2V operations. The proposed models were verified both in simulation and experiment. The proposed models provide accurate estimation for the system performance under different operating and control conditions.
Abstract 1779: Bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal malignancy of the biliary epithelium that can arise in any part of the biliary tree. Surgery is the only curative treatment for CCA, but only ∼30% of patients present with resectable disease. The remaining 70% of patients present with advanced or metastatic disease and, if eligible, undergo systemic chemotherapy with the first-line combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin. This combination was shown in a phase II clinical trial to significantly increase median survival from 8.1 to 11.7 months, compared to gemcitabine alone. In order to improve on current treatment, pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutics is essential to improving outcome. Unfortunately, the paucity of data describing characteristics common to CCA make development of targeted therapy difficult. However, as is true for other types of solid tumors, c-Myc expression likely contributes to CCA phenotype: c-Myc expression has been observed in 95% of CCA tumors, and experimental down-regulation of c-Myc decreases the invasive potential of CCA cells in vitro. Recently it has become possible to inhibit expression of c-Myc using BET inhibitors. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of the bromodomain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 using in vivo models of CCA. The five patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of CCA that we developed are the first such models to be reported. These models retain the heterogeneity, architecture and specific genetic characteristics of the primary tumors from which they were derived. We used three of these models to examine whether the BET inhibitor JQ1 inhibited CCA tumor growth and generated expression profiles of vehicle- and drug-treated tumors. We administered 50 mg/kg of JQ1 i.p. daily for 20 days and monitored tumor growth. This treatment regimen was well tolerated by tumor-bearing mice, without apparent toxicity. Our data demonstrate that JQ1 suppressed tumor growth in two of the three models, compared to vehicle control treated mice. The data also showed that JQ1-treated tumors had lower levels of c-Myc RNA (↓5-fold) and protein and of RNA encoding multiple transcriptional targets downstream of this oncogenic transcription factor. We conclude that BET inhibitors such as JQ1 warrant further investigation as potentially effective drugs for the treatment of CCA. Citation Format: Patrick L. Garcia, Aubrey L. Miller, Kelly Kreitzburg, Tracy L. Gamblin, Leona N. Council, John D. Christein, Pablo Arnoletti, Marty Heslin, Sushanth Reddy, Joseph H. Richardson, Eddy S. Yang, Jun Qi, James E. Bradner, Karina J. Yoon. Bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1779
T4 Translational Moonshot: Making Cardiovascular Discoveries Work for Everyone.

> That’s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind > > —Neil Armstrong; July 20, 1969 How could walking on the moon help mankind? The purpose of the 1960s NASA moonshot was to put a man on the moon. To what end? What might a stroll on the moon actually mean for America and humanity? If the Moonshot was about leaving a few footprints on the moon, it would have only fulfilled half the mission. But it was about more. The 1960s arguably saw one of the most dramatic accelerations in the pace of scientific discovery in the past 100 years. The outcome was so much more than footprints on the moon. The scientific discoveries necessary to put that human on the moon were translated out into the nation in hundreds of ways. Yes, the primary aim was space exploration, a human lunar landing and safe return to earth. However, the translation of those discoveries improved nearly every American life in ways we could not imagine in 1960. We are on the cusp of another giant leap for humanity as we face the unparalleled discoveries in cardiovascular disease prevention, treatment, and management. The pace of discovery has accelerated, providing another opportunity for broad translation that can impact every American. From new drugs and newer devices to genetic risk and precision treatments to social determinants of health and local prevention strategies, the pipeline of discoveries has reached gravitational escape velocity. The scientific momentum energizing discovery science in heart disease and health could carry us to the moon, perhaps even Mars. But it would not carry us above the clouds without translation into the clinic, community, and culture. And that translation now requires engaging the practices (T3 translation) and the community (T4 translation) to make the discoveries meaningful and feasible in …
Using Participation Assessments to Create Active Learners in the Dance Studio

This article addresses how participation assessments can be used to lead to active learning. It begins by justifying why quality of participation is a valuable and necessary assessment criteria. It...
Neuroendocrine response to GABA-B receptor agonism in alcohol-dependent individuals: Results from a combined outpatient and human laboratory experiment.

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, plays an important role in biobehavioral processes that regulate alcohol seeking, food intake, and stress response. The metabotropic GABA-B receptor has been investigated as a potential therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder, by using orthosteric agonists (e.g., baclofen) and positive allosteric modulators. Whether and how pharmacological manipulation of the GABA-B receptor, in combination with alcohol intake, may affect feeding- and stress-related neuroendocrine pathways remains unknown. In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, thirty-four alcohol-dependent individuals received baclofen (30 mg/day) or placebo in a naturalistic outpatient setting for one week, and then performed a controlled laboratory experiment which included alcohol cue-reactivity, fixed-dose priming, and self-administration procedures. Blood samples were collected, and the following neuroendocrine markers were measured: ghrelin, leptin, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). During the outpatient phase, baclofen significantly increased blood concentrations of acyl-ghrelin (p = 0.01), leptin (p = 0.01), amylin (p = 0.004), and GLP-1 (p = 0.02). Significant drug × time-point interaction effects for amylin (p = 0.001) and insulin (p = 0.03), and trend-level interaction effects for GLP-1 (p = 0.06) and ACTH (p = 0.10) were found during the laboratory experiment. Baclofen, compared to placebo, had no effect on alcohol drinking in this study (p's ≥ 0.05). Together with previous studies, these findings shed light on the role of the GABAergic system and GABA-B receptors in the shared neurobiology of alcohol-, feeding-, and stress-related behaviors.
Budesonide irrigation with olfactory training improves outcomes compared with olfactory training alone in patients with olfactory loss.

Background Olfactory training (OT) helps many patients with olfactory loss, but unfortunately it is ineffective for a significant number of patients. Budesonide irrigations are widely used to help patients with paranasal sinus inflammation, but have never been tested as a treatment for olfactory loss. We sought to examine the effect of adding budesonide irrigation to olfactory training on patients with olfactory loss without any visible sign of sinonasal inflammation. Methods In this randomized, controlled trial, 138 patients with olfactory loss and without any visible sign of sinonasal inflammation were randomized to either OT with saline irrigations or OT with budesonide irrigations. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered at the beginning of the study and at 6 months. Results A total of 133 patients completed the study. Forty-seven patients (35.3%) had a clinically significant change in UPSIT score. Among those in the budesonide irrigation + olfactory therapy group, 43.9% improved, compared with 26.9% in the saline irrigation + olfactory therapy group (p = 0.039); this corresponds to an odds ratio of 3.93 (95% confidence interval, 1.20-12.88) in a fully adjusted model (p = 0.024). Younger age and shorter duration of olfactory loss were also significant predictors of improvement. Conclusion Adding budesonide irrigation to olfactory training significantly improved olfactory ability compared with olfactory training plus saline irrigation.
Investigation of Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging Utility in Examining Human Airway Diameter Behavior in Asthma Through Comparison with High-Resolution Computed Tomography

Rationale and Objectives Application of a previously developed model-based algorithm on hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MR dynamic projection images of phantoms was extended to investigate the utility of HP 3He MRI in quantifying airway caliber change associated with asthma.
ON PROPERTIES OF BINOMIAL Q CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES

The sensitivity of four tests on Shewhart Q charts and of specifically designed exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and cumulative sum (CUSUM) Q charts to detect one-step permanent shifts of a binomial probability parameter p has been studied. ..
Use of team-based learning pedagogy for predoctoral teaching and learning.

Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the development and implementation of a Team-based Learning (TBL) educational model in a predoctoral education course to assess its effectiveness in promoting student learning as measured by knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction. Methods An interprofessional education course used the TBL structure for the second-year dental students, in which students had an opportunity to first work on the questions individually and then in groups. Each instruction session began with a readiness assurance test (RAT), which students were asked to complete in two formats: each student answered on their own, then each team worked on the same questions to arrive at a consensus decision followed by a team-based application exercise. Results A significant difference existed in which team scores were higher than individual scores and on average, the teams scored higher than when students worked alone. Student feedback showed a strong preference of TBL over the traditional lecture format. Students found that the sessions helped them to understand the clinical cases from the perspective of other health care fields in this pedagogical approach. Conclusion The TBL methods facilitated an interactive learning environment to promote student-centred learning in a predoctoral education course and the teams performed better in correct evaluation compared with the individual students.
Depression and antidepressant medications: both are linked to increased fracture risk.

Our series of meta-analyses showed that depression and antidepressant use are linked independently to an increased risk of fracture. However, in our meta-analysis research we never dismiss the possible of additional contributions of antidepressants to fractures, nor underestimate the role antidepressants play in the risk of fractures. Existing data indicates that the underlying mechanisms of the impact of depression and antidepressant on fracture risk are likely to be different. We agreed with Dr. Donzelli and his colleagues that promotion of physical activity and exercise, as well as effective psychotherapeutic intervention, is important to prevent and treat mild depression. However, determining if pharmacological therapies are needed, and which medication(s) should be prescribed for individual patients, should be done in clinic, on a case-by-case basis. Different adverse effects, varied impact on risk of fracture by antidepressant medication, severity of depression, and effectiveness of non-medication treatments should all be considered in clinical situations, in order to determine if pharmacological therapies are needed and how to treat individual patients.
Impact Evaluation of Nurse Advocacy Center for Underserved on Population Health

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe a project undertaken to measure the impact of an academic/practice partnership, the Nurse Advocacy Center for Underserved (NACU), on the population health of the region with a goal to design an impact evaluation to measure outcomes of an academic/practice partnership.Sample/Method: The sample included clients, staff, students, faculty, and volunteers from NACU sites. Data was collected through patient survey, focus groups, check-sheet, and satisfaction survey. Analysis was informed by a logic model and the Triple Aim.Findings: Results of focus groups identified themes of advocacy, environment, substance abuse, access, and preventative services. Check-sheet results revealed useful areas for measuring impact on regional health were perception of health and Hepatitis C status. Satisfaction survey results demonstrated that the experience in providing services through NACU was rated as good (10%), very good (50%), and excellent (40%) for non-students and good (15%), very good (23%), excellent (42%) for students. Findings support that NACU impact measures align with the foci areas identified by regional Health Department and greater community. Conclusions: A comprehensive impact evaluation is effective in measuring impact of the academic/practice partnership NACU on the health of the community and region. Dissemination of results will foster similar initiatives that address population health by creating academic/practice partnerships that focus on health care disparities among the underserved. Academic/practice partnerships can adapt this logic model evaluation strategy for use in determining impact on similar populations, particularly in areas where access is limited such as rural communities. Population health capacity will be expanded through the dissemination of evidence related to developing and maintaining community and public health partnerships, building public health competence through such partnerships, and improving the health of target populations in urban, suburban, and rural communities. Keywords: health impact assessment, vulnerable populations, population health, program evaluation, health care quality, access, evaluation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v18i2.518
Comparison of T2-Weighted Imaging, DWI, and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Calculation of Prostate Cancer Index Lesion Volume: Correlation With Whole-Mount Pathology

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of different MRI sequences for the estimation of index lesion volume in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) co...
Signaling characteristics and functional regulation of delta opioid-kappa opioid receptor (DOP-KOP) heteromers in peripheral sensory neurons.

Abstract Receptor heteromers often display distinct pharmacological and functional properties compared to the individual receptor constituents. In this study, we compared the properties of the DOP-KOP heteromer agonist, 6ʹ-guanidinonaltrindole (6′-GNTI), with agonists for DOP ([D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin [DPDPE]) and KOP (U50488) in peripheral sensory neurons in culture and in vivo. In primary cultures, all three agonists inhibited PGE2-stimulated cAMP accumulation as well as activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) with similar efficacy. ERK activation by U50488 was Gi-protein mediated but that by DPDPE or 6′-GNTI was Gi-protein independent (i.e., pertussis toxin insensitive). Brief pretreatment with DPDPE or U50488 resulted in loss of cAMP signaling, however, no desensitization occurred with 6′-GNTI pretreatment. In vivo, following intraplantar injection, all three agonists reduced thermal nociception. The dose-response curves for DPDPE and 6′-GNTI were monotonic whereas the curve for U50488 was an inverted U-shape. Inhibition of ERK blocked the downward phase and shifted the curve for U50488 to the right. Following intraplantar injection of carrageenan, antinociceptive responses to either DPDPE or U50488 were transient but could be prolonged with inhibitors of 12/15-lipoxgenases (LOX). By contrast, responsiveness to 6′-GNTI remained for a prolonged time in the absence of LOX inhibitors. Further, pretreatment with the 12/15-LOX metabolites, 12- and 15- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, abolished responses to U50488 and DPDPE but had no effect on 6′-GNTI-mediated responses either in cultures or in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that DOP-KOP heteromers exhibit unique signaling and functional regulation in peripheral sensory neurons and may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘New Vistas in Opioid Pharmacology’.
Assessment of psychological testing in the Philippines: Focus on industries and national education.

Two areas of psychological testing are surveyed, namely industrial testing and national-education testing, for testing-related issues. This paper calls attention to the relative absence of efforts in test construction and test validation, despite the great actiyity in psychological testing. The need to upgrade the competence level and to define the responsibilities of psychologists involved in psychological testing is heavily underscored
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN OUTCOMES FOLLOWING MITRAL VALVE SURGERY FOR DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

There are few large studies examining gender differences in outcomes following mitral valve surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the impact of gender on outcomes for patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for degenerative disease at our institution from 1993-2016. To determine the impact of
Prolonged overall survival following metastasectomy in stage IV melanoma

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Current literature supports mixed conclusions regarding the outcomes of metastasectomy in Stage IV melanoma. The objective of this national study was to determine the associations of non-primary site surgery with overall survival (OS) in Stage IV melanoma. METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all Stage IV melanoma cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Cases missing treatment/staging data or undergoing palliative treatment were excluded (remaining n = 14 034). Patients were separated into 'metastasectomy' (n = 4214, 30.0%) and 'non-metastasectomy' (n = 9820, 70.0%) cohorts. Survival outcomes were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regressions. RESULTS On univariate analysis, patients with Stage IV melanoma undergoing metastasectomy (median survival: 15.67 month) had greater overall survival compared with those not receiving non-primary surgery (median survival: 7.13 month; 5-year OS 13.2% vs. 5.6%, P < 0.001). M1a patients that underwent non-primary metastasectomy (median survival: 46.36 month) showed greater survival than those that did not (median survival: 15.31 month; P < 0.001). Metastasectomy was undertaken more frequently for cutaneous (M1a) metastasis compared with non-M1a metastasis (34.6% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). Of those receiving metastasectomy, 20.3% also received primary site resection, 33.6% radiation, 26.5% chemotherapy and 31.5% immunotherapy. Controlling for covariates on Cox proportional hazard analysis, all metastasectomy patients demonstrated longer survival [Hazard Ratio = 0.519, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.495-0.545)] as well as when analysing solely M1a metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.546, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.456-0.653)], lung (M1b) metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.389, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.328-0.462)] and visceral (M1c) metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.474, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.434-0.517)]. CONCLUSION Metastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is independently associated with improved OS in metastatic cases involving the skin, lung and visceral organs.
Typical Atrial Flutter: Antiarrhythmic Drugs or Ablation as First-Line Therapy?

Since Lewis postulated in 1920 that atrial flutter is due to reentrant circuit, a large body of evidence has advanced our understanding of the electrophysiologic substrate of typical atrial flutter and has enhanced our ability to treat this arrhythmia. Rosenblueth and Garcia-Ramos [1] and Frame et al. [2, 3] first described in an animal model the critical role of the anatomical boundaries in maintaining the flutter circuit. By creating a lesion between the orifices of the venae cavae and extending the lesion to the appendage, a model of atrial flutter was developed. Interestingly, the tricuspid annulus served as the anterior barrier and the crush lesion or incision served as the posterior barrier of the macroreentrant flutter circuit. These models introduced the concept that atrial flutter is a macroreentrant circuit maintained by anatomical barriers including: (1) the tricuspid annulus; (2) the cavity of the right atrium; and (3) the induced surgical barrier that prevents short-circuiting of the macroreentrant circuit within the right atrial free wall. Boineau et al. demonstrated in a canine model that the crista terminalis could replace the crush incision as the posterior barrier of the flutter circuit [4].
In vitro inhibition of shell flora by a commercial probiotic marketed for use in captive hermit crabs (Coenobita spp.)

ABSTRACT Captive hermit crabs (Coenobita spp.) are wild-caught and sold wholesale by commercial distributors. Probiotic products that are marketed for use in captive hermit crabs are commercially available. These products do not disclose the cultures present nor how they may affect hermit crab health. The objectives of this study were to identify culturable organisms present in one such probiotic product and to investigate their interaction in vitro with microbial isolates from the shells and exoskeletons of clinically healthy captive hermit crabs. Samples from two lots of a commercial probiotic product and swabs from seven captive hermit crabs were cultured under aerobic conditions at ambient temperature on standard media. From the resulting colonies, morphologically distinct bacterial cultures were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-tof) mass spectrometry or commercial biochemical analysis. Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis were identified from the probiotics via MALDI-tof mass spectrometry. Each shell flora isolate was plated uniformly on blood agar along with B. pumilus and B. licheniformis, respectively. B. pumilus inhibited the growth of other Bacillus species and all Gram-negative species described. This investigation demonstrates that organisms isolated from a commercial probiotic have in vitro inhibitory effects on select shell flora isolated from captive hermit crabs. Commercial probiotics may be useful for the husbandry of captive hermit crabs, but further studies are required to demonstrate clinical efficacy against disease.
Structured Analysis of Empathic Opportunities and Physician Responses during Lung Cancer Patient-Physician Consultations.

Despite the importance of empathic communication in cancer patient outcomes, the majority of opportunities to respond empathically to a patient’s concern within clinical consultations are “missed” ...
A general equilibrium model for transportation systems with e-hailing services and flow congestion

Abstract Passengers are increasingly using e-hailing as a means to request transportation services. Adoption of these types of services has the potential to impact the travel behavior of individuals as well as increase congestion and vehicle miles driven since extra deadhead miles must be added to the trip (e.g., the extra miles from the driver location to the pick-up location of the customer). The objective of this paper is to develop a basic mathematical model to help transportation planners understand the relationship between the wide-scale use of e-hailing transportation services and deadhead miles and resulting impact on congestion. Specifically, this paper develops a general economic equilibrium model at the macroscopic level to describe the equilibrium state of a transportation system composed of solo drivers and the e-hailing service providers (e-HSPs). The equilibrium model consists of three interacting sub-models: e-HSP choice, customer choice, and network congestion; the model is completed with a “market clearance” condition describing the waiting costs in the customer’s optimization problem in terms of the e-HSPs’ decisions, thereby connecting the supply and demand sides of the equilibrium. We show the existence of an equilibrium of a certain kind under some mild assumptions. In numerical experiments, we illustrate the sensitivity on the usage of these modes to various parameters representing cost, value of time, safety, and comfort level, as well as the resulting relationship between usage of these services and vehicle miles.
Optimizing conditions for Nitellopsis obtusa (starry stonewort) growth and bulbil germination in a controlled environment

Abstract Much attention has focused on understanding the growth of Nitellopsis obtusa [(Desvaux) J. Groves] (starry stonewort) through chemical drivers with limited information on light availability. This is important as, in addition to water chemistry, light availability largely controls the distribution, abundance and growth of macroalgae. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate optimal cultivation conditions for bulbil germination and N. obtusa growth ex-situ by investigating synthetic media types, light types and light intensities. In general, nutrient concentration, light type and light intensity all directly influenced growth and morphology of N. obtusa, however this relationship was complex and multifaceted. Nitellopsis obtusa grew best in low-light, high-macronutrient conditions but, in general, was capable of growing under all conditions evaluated, though demonstrated considerable morphological differences. The information presented in this study can help guide field studies and determine the role of light in N. obtusa growth and physiology. This study will provide a foundation for optimized culturing conditions for N. obtusa. Controlled environment evaluations will be essential to enhance our understanding of the biology of this now endangered (Eurasia) yet newly invasive (North America) macroalga. Information provided by this work may also provide insight into the development of effective management strategies for N. obtusa in North America.
365 Dots in 2019: Quantifying Attention of News Sources.

We investigate the overlap of topics of online news articles from a variety of sources. To do this, we provide a platform for studying the news by measuring this overlap and scoring news stories according to the degree of attention in near-real time. This can enable multiple studies, including identifying topics that receive the most attention from news organizations and identifying slow news days versus major news days. Our application, StoryGraph, periodically (10-minute intervals) extracts the first five news articles from the RSS feeds of 17 US news media organizations across the partisanship spectrum (left, center, and right). From these articles, StoryGraph extracts named entities (PEOPLE, LOCATIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, etc.) and then represents each news article with its set of extracted named entities. Finally, StoryGraph generates a news similarity graph where the nodes represent news articles, and an edge between a pair of nodes represents a high degree of similarity between the nodes (similar news stories). Each news story within the news similarity graph is assigned an attention score which quantifies the amount of attention the topics in the news story receive collectively from the news media organizations. The StoryGraph service has been running since August 2017, and using this method, we determined that the top news story of 2018 was the "Kavanaugh hearings" with attention score of 25.85 on September 27, 2018. Similarly, the top news story for 2019 so far (2019-12-12) is "AG William Barr's release of his principal conclusions of the Mueller Report," with an attention score of 22.93 on March 24, 2019.
The tubular striatum and nucleus accumbens distinctly represent reward-taking and reward-seeking

The ventral striatum, considered the reward circuitry “hub,” is composed of two regions: the NAc, which is well established for its role in reward processing, and the TuS, which has been largely ex...
القدرة الوطنية فى مجال العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار من أجل التحول الاجتماعى والاقتصادى - المنظور القومى والعالمى

قد يکون العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار عامل تمکين رئيسي للتغيير الاجتماعي والاقتصادي الوطني. للعمل على هذا النحو، يجب وضع مجموعة من سياسات وإدارة وأنظمة العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار للمضي قدما نحو تحسين السعة الوطنية الإجمالية في مجالات العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار. تتمثل الأهداف الشاملة للتحول الاجتماعي والاقتصادي الوطني في تحقيق أمة متناغمة ومزدهرة وتقدمية ومستدامة، ويمکن تحقيقها من خلال نقل الابتکارات الأساسية الأربعة للاحتياجات الأساسية، ونوعية الحياة / الاستدامة البيئية، والتنمية الاقتصادية / التنافسية الصناعية والحکم الرشيد. تحديد القضايا التنموية وتأمين وإرساء الحلول التکنولوجية الصحيحة تخضع للاحتياجات التي يتم تحديدها من خلال القدرات الوطنية في مجالات العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار. الهدف العام لـلتنمية المستدامة هو التحول الاجتماعي والاقتصادي العالمي في تحقيق أمم متناغمة ومزدهرة وتقدمية ومستدامة، والتي تتطلب أيضا تطبيق التکنولوجيات الأربعة الضرورية، حيث تعد أرضية مشترکة تلبي الأهداف العالمية للأولويات الوطنية؛ ويمکن تحقيق الهدف 17 - الشراکة من أجل الأهداف، والتعاون العالمي والتعاون في الواقع. ويعد الاهتمام بأهداف أمة متناغمة ومزدهرة وتقدمية ومستدامة الخاصة بـالتحول الاجتماعي والاقتصادي الوطني طريقة يمکن للبلدان النامية من خلالها المساهمة بشکل مفيد في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة. يمکن أن تکون القدرة الوطنية الإجمالية في مجالات العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار شرطا مسبقا للتحول على الصعيد الوطني والمساهمة في مجموعة أهداف التنمية المستدامة العالمية. يجب أن يکون التأهب للأوبئة والقدرة على الاستجابة أحد مکونات القدرة الوطنية في مجالات العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار. ولتحقيق ذلک، يقترح إنشاء مجلس نشاط وطني للعلم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار باعتباره ضروريا للتحول الاجتماعي والاقتصادي الوطني في مجالات العلوم والتکنولوجيا والابتکار.
Science Cafés: Exploring Adults’ Motivation to Learn Science in a Community Space

Science Cafes create open, public forums to promote the exchange of ideas between science experts and the public. This study explored Science Cafe attendees’ interest in science content, and motivational factors in attending events as well as documenting what attendees did with the information presented at an event through the means of a survey (n = 124) and interviews (n = 17). The Synthesized Elements for Informal Learning Experiences at Science Cafes represents a merged perspective of informal learning environments, based on self-determination theory and the contextual model of learning. The synthesized elements (endogenous and ecological) may provide an explanation of the public’s motivation in attending Science Cafe events. Based on survey and interview data, the majority of participants reported endogenous elements (knowledge and learning; fulfills personal needs) as motivational factors to attend Science Cafe events. Additionally, attendees stated ecological elements, such as social interactions, with other attendees and science experts were significant motivational influences to attend events. Survey and interview respondents cited they share and discuss the information gained from a Science Cafe event with others in their social network (e.g., family members, friends, and colleagues). This information may inform best practices in connecting the community to science experts in order to share scientific endeavors and documenting the profound effect science has on the public.
Optimal Search with Learning

The sequential search problem, without the assumption that the searcher knows the underlying distribution, is investigated. Both search with recall and without recall are examined. Sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal stopping rules with the reservation property are provided. Comparative static results with respect to stochastic dominance (appropriately defined) are obtained.
Central Venous Catheters for Hemodialysis—the Myth and the Evidence

Hemodialysis-central venous catheter (HD-CVC) insertion is a most often performed procedure, with approximately 80% of patients with end-stage kidney disease in the United States initiating kidney replacement therapy through a HD-CVC. Certain adverse events arising from HD-CVC placement, including catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs), thrombosis, and central vein stenosis, can complicate the clinical course of patients and lead to considerable financial impact on the health care system. Medical professionals with different training backgrounds are responsible for performing this procedure, and therefore, comprehensive operator guidelines are crucial to improve the success rate of HD-CVC insertion and prevent complications. In this review article, we not only discuss the basic principles behind the use of HD-CVCs but also address frequently asked questions and myths regarding catheter asepsis, length selection, tip positioning, and flow rate assessment.
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)

In contrast to a seasoned offering, an initial public offering (IPO) is the offering of shares of a company, which are not publicly traded. Keywords: initial public offerings
The Secondary School Cheerleader and Ritualized Sexual Exploitation

The cheerleader is a common sight at American scholastic sports events. Her apparent purpose is to generate enthusiasm among the spectators to spur her school's team on to victory. However, while many handbooks and manuals exist on the mechanics of cheerleading, how the cheerleader is presented to peers and adults and whether she performs any latent function beyond her manifest one has rarely been examined. Cheerleading would not exist if educators did not approve of its supposed mission; thus it may be assumed that educators feel some benefit exists, be it to themselves, the girls, the school, or the community at large. This article addresses the cheerleader's role and effect in the secondary school, and whether enthusiasm for the school and its athletics is the sole purpose of cheerleading. When organized cheerleading began at the University of Minnesota in the 1890s, its practice was restricted to males. It was not until some forty years later that the question of allowing female cheerleaders was seriously discussed (Gach 1938). Today, cheerleading has evolved into primarily a practice for girls and women. This discussion is therefore not concerned with males, or with the few cheerleaders in elementary schools. Because little formal analysis has been performed, information must be gleaned largely from popular sources and interviews. Cheerleading is widely regarded as a glamorous, exciting activity through which a girl may become a highly acclaimed school socialite. The cheerleader wears her uniform in the classroom, flaunting her success in a way that no other girl may-the leading female in the school play does not wear her costume off
Capacity of Fading Channels

Goldsmith and Varaiya derived the capacity of a single-user flat-fading channel with channel measurement information at the transmitter and receiver for various adaptive transmission policies. In this chapter, we first apply the general theory that they developed and present closed-form expressions for the capacity of Rayleigh fading channels under different adaptive transmission schemes with and without diversity combining. In particular, we consider three adaptation policies: optimum simultaneous power and rate adaptation, constant power with optimum rate adaptation, and channel inversion with fixed rate. We then investigate the impact of maximal-ratio diversity (MRC) on the Shannon capacity in conjunction with each of these adaptive transmission schemes.
Abstract W P18: General Anesthesia is Associated With Reduced Likelihood of Good Functional Outcome After Endovascular Intervention for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Retrospective studies have suggested that the use of general anesthesia (GA) is associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular intervention for acute ischemic strokes. We aimed to assess this association in DEFUSE 2, a prospective cohort study of patients treated with endovascular therapy. Methods: In the DEFUSE 2 study, MRI was performed before, within 12 hours after, and 5 days after endovascular intervention. Good functional outcome was defined as mRS 0-2 at 90 days. All patients who underwent catheter angiography were included in the present analysis. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients managed with general anesthesia (GA) vs. conscious sedation (CS). Variables that were associated with good functional outcome in univariate analyses (α Results: GA was utilized in 39/110 patients (35%) and CS in the remainder. Compared to the group managed with CS, those undergoing GA were older (70±13 vs. 63±17 years old), had higher SBP (156±29 vs. 144±21 mmHg), higher blood glucose levels (149±64 vs. 126±35 mg/dL), and higher NIHSS (median [IQR]: 18 [14-21] vs. 14 [9-19]). The GA group was more likely to have had a previous stroke or TIA (36% vs. 17%) and prior treatment with antiplatelet agents (46% vs. 26%). Rates of reperfusion were similar (49% vs. 65%, p=0.15) between patients managed with GA and CS. Patients managed with GA had a substantially lower rate of good functional outcome (21% vs. 55%, p=0.001). Age, DWI lesion volume, reperfusion status and GA were retained in the multivariable model as independent predictors of good functional outcome. The adjusted odds ratio for good functional outcome with GA was 0.21 (95% CI 0.07 - 0.66). Conclusion: In general, GA should be avoided in patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke as it is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this association should be investigated.
Multi-dimensional kernel generation for loop nest software pipelining

Single-dimension Software Pipelining (SSP) has been proposed as an effective software pipelining technique for multi-dimensional loops [16]. This paper introduces for the first time the scheduling methods that actually produce the kernel code. Because of the multi-dimensional nature of the problem, the scheduling problem is more complex and challenging than with traditional modulo scheduling. The scheduler must handle multiple subkernels and initiation rates under specific scheduling constraints, while producing a solution that minimizes the execution time of the final schedule. In this paper three approaches are proposed: the level-by-level method, which schedules operations in loop level order, starting from the innermost, and does not let other operations interfere with the already scheduled levels, the flat method, which schedules operations from different loop levels with the same priority, and the hybrid method, which uses the level-by-level mechanism for the innermost level and the flat solution for the other levels. The methods subsume Huff's modulo scheduling [8] for single loops as a special case. We also break a scheduling constraint introduced in earlier publications and allow for a more compact kernel. The proposed approaches were implemented in the Open64/ORC compiler, and evaluated on loop nests from the Livermore, SPEC200 and NAS benchmarks.
Fatigue mediates the effects of exercise on quality of life.

Purpose: Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer treatment that impacts quality of life. Exercise is one approach suggested to improve fatigue. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of exercise to fatigue and quality of life. Methods: Thirty-one subjects with breast cancer were enrolled prior to beginning chemotherapy and 27 completed the study. All baseline measures were obtained before the first chemotherapy treatment. Subjects were instructed on a home-based, 8-week exercise program. Results: Women who adopted the exercise program (60%) showed significant increases in functional ability and less weight gain. Exploratory, stepwise multiple regression analyses suggested that the maximum effect of exercise on quality of life outcomes may be mediated by fatigue. Conclusions: The low-to-moderate intensity, home-based exercise program was feasible for some women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. The results suggest that exercise may affect quality of life and that this effect may be mediated by the effects of exercise on fatigue. Better retention of functional ability and better weight control are additional possible benefits of exposing breast cancer patients to increased exercise. A randomized, controlled clinical trial is needed to establish confidence in these observed relationships.
Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Under-Five Mortality: Evidence from Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1970-1991

In this paper, the author examines the effects of social and economic development on inequalities in under-five mortality for the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, over a twenty-one year period during which much of the infant and child mortality transition unfolded. The author investigated whether the improvements in infant and child survival were accompanied by declining inequalities. The author focused on inequality in under-five mortality by household wealth and by mother's education and used microdata from Brazilian censuses conducted in 1970, 1980, and 1991. The author found that inequality according to household wealth underwent a clear decline over the study period. Inequality according to mother's education first declined then increased, with a net rise over the study period. When the author controlled for background demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, inequalities in under-five mortality according to household wealth remained roughly constant. On the other hand, inequality according to mother's education increased substantially.
Dissociation and Latent Abilities

Abstract From 1913 to 1937 a St. Louis homemaker, Pearl Cur-ran, seemed to channel conversations and literary works from a seventeenth-century Englishwoman named Patience Worth. The communications were at first produced through the use of a Ouija board and then later through automatic speech. “Patience” displayed knowledge, sophistication, and creative capacities apparently radically different from those of Mrs. Curran. In addition to volumes of engaging and often acerbic conversation, Patience produced several novels, plays, thousands of poems, witty epigrams and pithy aphorisms, many of them of exceptional merit. Patience also displayed unprecedented improvisational, mnemonic, and creative capacities. She could improvise poems on any subject proposed to her, sometimes performing astonishing literary stunts, and her works were produced without need of revision or correction. Moreover some of her works were written in a novel archaic Anglo-Saxon dialect, and even her more modern works contained a peculiar...
OPEN CLUSTERS AS A RECORD OF THE PAST

The Galactic open cluster population has long been used as a probe of the structure of the Galactic disk and a timeline for studying its evolution. With ages that range up to 12 billion years and positions that span a large range of Galactocentric distances, the open clusters provide a broad sample with which to investigate issues such as the history of star formation in the Galaxy, the chemical evolution of the disk, and the competing influences of cluster formation and disruption that mold the properties of the current cluster population.
Subchronic hepatotoxicity evaluation of bromobenzene in Fischer 344 rats

Male Fischer 344 (F344) rats were exposed to bromobenzene (BB) for 5 days and 2, 4 and 13 weeks. BB was administered by gavage (corn oil vehicle) at doses of 0, 25, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg−1 per day. Endpoints evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, liver weights, serum chemistry, blood BB, gross pathology and liver histopathology. There were no BB exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity. Mean body weight decreased by 5–10% compared with control in the 400 mg kg−1 per day group. Liver weight increases were dose- and exposure time-related and statistically significant at ≥25 mg kg−1 per day. Incidence and severity of centrilobular cytoplasmic alteration and hepatocyte hypertrophy were related to dose and exposure time. At early time points (5 days and 2 weeks), centrilobular inflammation, including granulomatous areas, and necrotic and anisokaryocytic hepatocytes were observed in rats of the two highest BB dose groups. Blood BB concentrations increased linearly with dose and at 13 weeks ranged from 8 to 136 µg ml−1 (25–400 mg kg−1 per day). In conclusion, rats administered BB doses up to 400 mg kg−1 per day for up to 13 weeks had mild liver effects. A NOAEL of 200 mg kg−1 per day was selected based on the statistically significant incidence of hepatocyte hypertrophy at doses ≥ 400 mg kg−1 per day. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.