cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of electromechanical impedance based bond-line integrity monitoring

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) is an important technique for bond-line integrity monitoring of adhesively bonded joints in automotive and aerospace structures. In the current work, numerical analysis of temperature sensitivity of the EMI technique is performed. The objective is to detect stiffness reduction of the adhesive in the presence of temperature and external mechanical load. Increase in the operating temperature can degrade the bonded piezoelectric material causing misinterpretation of the EMI data. EMI Signal features are numerically investigated to decouple the effect of load and temperature on the piezoelectric material in the mechanically loaded bonded joint. The computational results indicate higher dependence of EM resonance spectrum towards piezoelectric material matrix as compared to the tensile load applied on the bonded sample as the stiffness of adhesive is numerically varied.
Gefitinib for patients with incurable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A single-arm phase II clinical trial

Background Preclinical data demonstrate a key role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the carcinogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs). There are, however, limited data on the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in incurable, recurrent, and/or metastatic CSCC. Objective To determine the response rate to gefitinib in patients with CSCC not amenable to curative therapy including surgery or radiation. Methods This was a single-arm phase II study. A total of 40 patients were treated with gefitinib, 250 mg orally daily, until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. The prespecified target response rate of interest was 20%. Results The overall response rate was 16% (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.32; 6 partial responses in 37 evaluable patients). An additional 13 patients (35%) had stable disease at 8 weeks. The median durations of response and progression-free survival were 31.4 months (95% confidence interval, 3.91-not applicable) and 3.8 months (95% confidence interval, 2.2-5.7), respectively. The side effect profile was consistent with the previous experience with gefitinib in other tumor types. Limitations This was a single-institution, single-arm study. The prespecified target response rate was not met. Conclusion Gefitinib demonstrated modest activity in incurable CSCC, with a favorable adverse event profile.
The architecture and early findings of a working SMS-based system for individuals with mild to moderate depression

Depression is one of the leading mental health disorders in the world. With an exponential rate of growth, the disease will soon surpass the ability of health care professionals to monitor and treat individuals. The use of mobile technologies offers new insights into disease progression, real-time emotional reaction data collection, and care in vivo. This chapter describes the architecture of a software system that continuously monitors an individual's emotional state through SMS and responds to the individual with supportive text messages. Along with early findings from the working system, the development of the emotional state queries and responses is described.
Dominican Parenting and Early Childhood Functioning: A Comparison Study of Immigrant Families in the USA and Families in Their Country of Origin

Little is known about immigrant parenting and its effects on children’s development. We examined data from 672 Dominican families from New York City and the Dominican Republic to examine (1) whether authoritarian parenting is normative in Dominican culture and (2) whether authoritarian parenting is adaptive by examining its relation to child functioning across levels of risk defined by poverty status and country of residence. Overall, mothers reported higher levels of authoritative, versus authoritarian, parenting. There were, however, differences in levels of authoritarian parenting by country and poverty status. Authoritarian parenting was associated with child behavior problems regardless of context.
Redefining medicine from an anticipatory perspective.

Abstract The meaning of the concept of anticipation escapes the majority of those concerned with change, in particular those who study health. To characterize only genetic disorders, such as conditions with progressively earlier symptoms and higher intensity of disease from generation to generation, in terms of anticipatory expression is rather limited and limiting. Practitioners of medical care could benefit from understanding anticipation as definitory of the living. This view explains why diminished anticipatory expression, in all forms of the living, results in conditions calling for medical attention. So far, medicine has opted for a deterministic-reductionist perspective that reduces the living to a machine. Medical care, stuck in the grey zone between success and failure, should overcome its reactive obsession. From an almost exclusively mechanistic activity, it should evolve into a holistic proactive practice of well-being that reflects awareness of anticipation.
The Fragile X-Associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by intention tremor and gait ataxia, in addition to other conditions including hypothyroidism, autonomic dysfunction, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline. FXTAS affects some males (approximately 40%) and in less degree female premutation carriers (8–16%) older than 50 years with an age-dependent symptomatology and penetrance. The CGG repeat number appears to influence the severity and the age of onset of the disorder. The neuropathological hallmark of FXTAS is the presence of eosinophillic, ubiquitin-positive intranuclear inclusions in both neurons and astroglia throughout brain. FXTAS is due to RNA toxicity caused by elevated levels of CGG-expanded mRNA containing 55–200 CGG repeats, which is found in the intranuclear inclusions that sequester various proteins including ubiquitin, αB-crystallin, lamin A/C, hnRNP A2, myelin basic protein, and Sam68. The expression of the expanded CGG repeat FMR1 mRNA also induces a cellular stress response and leads to a disruption of the nuclear lamin A/C architecture. These alterations are observable even in early development, suggesting that the expanded-repeat mRNA triggers pathogenic mechanisms that can provide a molecular basis for the neurodevelopmental abnormalities observed in some children who are carriers of an FMR1 premutation allele. Finally, the presence of cellular dysregulation in older adults who do not present clinical features of FXTAS may suggest that additional genetic or environmental protective factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of FXTAS.
Mining Chat Conversations: The Next Frontier.

Analyzing chat traffic has important applications for both the military and the civilian world. This poster will report on an effort to automatically separate chat messages into topic threads.
Use of Services Prior to and Following Intensive Family Preservation Services

A goal of short-term intensive family preservation services (IFPS) is to facilitate access to other services. However, service use following IFPS has rarely been studied. I describe the types of aftercare services that IFPS therapists recommended and use of these services in the two months following IFPS termination. Since families were using services that were not on the recommended aftercare plans, use of these services is also described. Primary caregivers of families who received family preservation through either child welfare or mental health were interviewed at two months after family preservation for the purpose of ascertaining service use. Different types of services were recommended and used based on whether families received IFPS through child welfare or mental health. However, there were also differences in the presenting problems and demographics between families in child welfare and mental health. Future research should include an independent assessment of need in order to determine the relationship between need and the types of services recommended and used. Even though families used services prior to IFPS, the findings indicated that IFPS facilitated use of new services. More research is needed on the process of how therapists decide what services to recommend and what they do to help families access services. It is also important to examine whether use of less restrictive services helps prevent out-of-home placements and the relationship between informal support and use of formal services.
Anisotropic angular magnetoresistance and Fermi surface topology of the candidate novel topological metal Pd 3 Pb

Pd${}_{3}$Pb has recently been predicted to host topological features consisting of a combination of triple nodal points, Dirac points, and open Fermi arcs. Authors' magnetotransport measurements show that Pd${}_{3}$Pb shares many features with other topological semimetals, including a highly anisotropic Fermi surface, large transverse magnetoresistance, and pronounced Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations. The quantum oscillations indicate that its electronic structure imparts a non-trivial Berry phase to Pd${}_{3}$Pb, potentially associated with the complex topological features predicted theoretically.
CoreValve Double Jeopardy: Embolized Valve Capture with Subsequent Valve

During transcatheter aortic valve replacement with a self-expanding prosthesis, prosthesis embolization represents a rare but severe complication. Etiologies of prosthesis embolization include impr...
Health promotion after breast cancer treatment.

e21586Background: With significant advances in breast cancer (BC) treatment and improvements in long-term survival, high-quality, coordinated survivorship care is important. Methods: In this retros...
Prefrontal projections to the thalamic nucleus reuniens mediate fear extinction

The thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) receives dense projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), interconnects the mPFC and hippocampus, and may serve a pivotal role in regulating emotional learning and memory. Here we show that the RE and its mPFC afferents are critical for the extinction of Pavlovian fear memories in rats. Pharmacological inactivation of the RE during extinction learning or retrieval increases freezing to an extinguished conditioned stimulus (CS); renewal of fear outside the extinction context was unaffected. Suppression of fear in the extinction context is associated with an increase in c-fos expression and spike firing in RE neurons to the extinguished CS. The role for the RE in suppressing extinguished fear requires the mPFC, insofar as pharmacogenetically silencing mPFC to RE projections impairs the expression of extinction memory. These results reveal that mPFC-RE circuits inhibit the expression of fear, a function that is essential for adaptive emotional regulation.
Dorsal selective rhizotomy through a limited exposure of the cauda equina at L-1: Technical note

The technique of the dorsal selective rhizotomy as originally developed by Professor Fasano and by the author is described. The rhizotomy is performed through a one-level laminectomy at L-1. Exposure of the conus medullaris and the cauda equina at this level is adequate to thoroughly assess the reflex electrical response to stimulation of the lumbosacral roots and to section the selected roots/rootlets. This approach, based on over 100 surgical procedures, obviates the need for an extensive laminectomy in a growing child without compromising the clinical results.
Safety and efficacy of rituximab-based first line treatment of chronic GVHD

Initial therapy of chronic GVHD (cGvHD) has not changed for over three decades, despite limited efficacy and long-term toxicity. We have previously shown in a small pilot study the feasibility of rituximab-based first-line therapy of cGVHD. To better assess safety and efficacy, we now evaluate 69 patients that received rituximab as part of their initial treatment. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 47 (11-81) months. Resolution of cGVHD occurred in 49 patients with median time to IST discontinuation of 349 (138-920) days. The cumulative incidence (CI) of cGHVD resolution was 41%, 69 and 77% at 1-, 2- and 3-years, respectively. No systemic corticosteroids were used in 27 patients, and 67% received ≤ 10 mg/kg cumulative exposure. Overall survival (OS) at 1-, 2- and 3-years following cGVHD diagnosis was 87, 79 and 77% respectively; corresponding rates of non-relapse mortality (NRM) were 10%, 16 and 19%. The probability of being alive and free of cGVHD at 1-, 2-, and 3-years was 36, 55, and 57% respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of rituximab-based first-line cGVHD treatment. This approach demonstrates significant activity and avoids long courses of corticosteroids in most patients.
Visceral Artery Aneurysms: Decision Making and Treatment Options in the New Era of Minimally Invasive and Endovascular Surgery.

The abdominal viscera blood supply is derived from anterior branches of the abdominal aorta. Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) include aneurysms of the following arteries and their branches: the celiac artery, the hepatic artery, the splenic artery, the superior mesenteric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery, the pancreaticoduodenal artery, and the gastroduodenal artery. Overall VAAs comprise
Films of the year, 2008

Abstract Prefaced by remarks about methodology, the article presents the author9s selection of the best films released in the U.S., 2008 (including one archival reissue). The top three are all city films: Jia Zhang-ke9s 24 City , Guy Maddin9s My Winnipeg , and Terence Davies9s Of Time and the City .
METICS: A Holistic Cyber Physical System Model for IEEE 14-bus Power System Security

The electric power research and education communities and industry have been successfully sharing and using common IEEE Bus power system models for many years. This has enabled researchers, engineers, and educators to better communicate their findings and comparatively validate power analysis solutions using a common model set. However, today’s power systems are Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), that embed digital Operational Technology subsystems and networks (OT) and are also connected to Information Technology (IT) systems and networks. A set of freely accessible models, similar to the IEEE Bus model set, which includes the OT and IT subsystems, does not currently exist. We present METICS: Models for ExTensIble Cyber-physical system Security. Project METICS is our endeavor to create a set of free and holistic Cyber Physical System (CPS) models. In this paper, we introduce a model for an electric power CPS, based on the IEEE 14-bus system, that also includes the cyber, control, and corporate IT subsystems. Common holistic system models such as the one presented in this paper can enable: CPS modeling and analysis tool testing and validation, comparative, cross-disciplinary and cross-project solution evaluations, and CPS instruction. We are using this model for evaluating cyber-security solutions for Smart Grid CPS using adversarial and machine learning approaches. People who would like to use or improve upon these models are encouraged to visit the project page at github.com/METICS-CPS.
The role of social norms in conservation outreach

Self-reported behaviors often serve as dependent variables in surveys associated with outreach campaigns. Social desirability bias (i.e., reporting what is perceived as socially acceptable) and cei...
Selective Incorporation of Hetes into Epidermal Phospholipids

The skin has an active lipid metabolism and is capable of producing a variety of eicosanoids (Ruzicka and Printz, 1984). Recently, there has been particular attention directed toward the existence of epidermal lipoxygenase products and their possible role in cutaneous inflammation (Voorhees, 1983; Camp and Cunningham, 1988). This interest began with the discovery that the lesions of certain chronic inflammatory skin disorders (e.g. psoriasis and atopic dermatitis) are associated with an imbalance of lipoxygenase products, specifically elevated levels of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a 5-lipoxygenase product of leukocytes (Grabbe et al., 1984; Brain et al., 1984; Ruzicka et al., 1986). Interestingly, the major lipoxygenase product of keratinocytes (the predominant epidermal cell-type) is the 15-lipoxygenase product 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) (Burrall et al., 1985; Nugteren and Kivits, 1987), an inhibitor of 5--lipoxygenase activity in vitro (Vanderhoek et al., 1982). The potential of epidermally-derived 15-HETE to attenuate 5-lipoxygenase activity has led to speculation that there may be a local deficit of 15-HETE in lesional tissues which may in turn result in a decreased ability to limit the generation of 5-lipoxygenase products by infiltrating leukocytes. In support of this hypothesis, intralesional injections of 15-HETE have been used to clear psoriatic lesions (Fogh et al., 1988). Furthermore, certain dietary oils that result in elevated in vivo levels of epidermal 15-lipoxygenasejproducts (Miller et al., 1990; Miller et al., 1991) have been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of psoriasis and other chronic inflammatory skin disorders (Ziboh et al., 1986; Maurice et al., 1987; Wright and Burton, 1982).
Retaining older hospital nurses: Experienced hospital nurses' perceptions of new roles.

Aim The purpose of this study was to explore older, experienced hospital clinical nurses' perceptions of new roles in hospital clinical practice as they age. Background With older hospital nurses continuing to retire, and other older nurses leaving hospitals for other practice settings, both tacit knowledge and institutional wisdom are lost. Retention of experienced nurses is needed for safe, quality patient care and to ensure there are sufficient mentors for newly licensed nurses entering the workforce. Methods Using a descriptive qualitative design, a total of twenty experienced hospital clinical nurses aged 50 or older from four hospitals participated in five focus groups. Results Noting barriers to continuing hospital practice as they age, participants described important roles in teaching patients and families, acting as patient advocates, and mentoring the next generation of nurses. Conclusion Retaining experienced nurses in the workforce requires innovative approaches, including the redesigning of roles and increased attention to work hours and the physical demands of nursing practice. Implications for nursing management The perspectives provided by older nurses may assist managers in creating innovative ways to re-envision roles for older nurses, develop flexible scheduling, and provide additional ergonomic and technology support.
Surgical treatment of falcotentorial meningiomas: a retrospective review of a single-institution experience

Objective Meningiomas at the falcotentorial junction represent a rare subgroup of complex meningiomas. Debate remains regarding the appropriate treatment strategy for and optimal surgical approach to these tumors, and surgical outcomes have not been well described in the literature. The authors reviewed their single-institution experience in the management, approach selection, and outcomes for patients with falcotentorial meningiomas. Methods From the medical records, the authors identified all patients with falcotentorial meningiomas treated with resection at the Barrow Neurological Institute between January 2007 and October 2017. Perioperative clinical, surgical, and radiographic data were retrospectively collected. For patients who underwent the supracerebellar infratentorial approach, the tentorial angle was defined as the angle between the line joining the nasion with the tuberculum sellae and the tentorium in the midsagittal plane. Results Falcotentorial meningiomas occurred in 0.97% (14/1441) of the patients with meningiomas. Most of the patients (13/14) were female, and the mean patient age was 59.8 ± 11.3 years. Of 17 total surgeries (20 procedures), 11 were single-stage primary surgeries, 3 were two-stage primary surgeries (6 procedures), 2 were reoperations for recurrence, and 1 was a reoperation after surgery had been aborted because of brain edema. Hydrocephalus was present in 5 of 17 cases, 4 of which required additional treatment. Various approaches were used, including the supracerebellar infratentorial (4/17), occipital transtentorial/transfalcine (4/17), anterior interhemispheric transsplenial (3/17), parietal transventricular (1/17), torcular (2/17), and staged supracerebellar infratentorial and occipital transtentorial/transfalcine (3/17) approaches. Of the 17 surgeries, 9 resulted in Simpson grade IV resection, and 3, 1, and 4 surgeries resulted in Simpson grades III, II, and I resection, respectively. The tentorial angle in cases with Simpson grade I resection was significantly smaller than in those with an unfavorable resection grade (43.3° ± 4.67° vs 54.0° ± 3.67°, p = 0.04). Complications occurred in 10 of 22 approaches (17 surgeries) and included visual field defects (6 cases, 2 permanent and 4 transient), hemiparesis (2 cases), hemidysesthesia (1 case), and cerebellar hematoma (1 case). Conclusions Falcotentorial meningiomas are challenging lesions. A steep tentorial angle is an unfavorable preoperative radiographic factor for achieving maximal resection with the supracerebellar infratentorial approach. Collectively, the study findings show that versatility is required to treat patients with falcotentorial meningiomas and that treatment goals and surgical approach must be individualized to obtain optimal surgical results.
Synthesis of Hardware Sandboxes for Trojan Mitigation in Systems on Chip

In this work, we propose a high-level synthesis approach for hardware sandboxes in system-on-chip. Using interface formalism to capture interactions between non-trusted IPs and trusted parts of a system on chip, along with the properties specification language to specify non-authorized actions of non-trusted IPs, sandboxes are generated and made ready for inclusion as IP in a system-on-chip design. The concepts of composition, compatibility, and refinement are used to capture illegal actions and optimize resources across the boundary of single IPs. We have designed a tool that automatically generates the sandbox and facilitates their integration into system-on-chip. Our approach was validated with benchmarks from trust-hub.com and FPGA implementations. All our results showed 100% Trojan detection and mitigation, with only a minimal increase in resource overhead and no performance decrease.
The limited roles of cognitive capabilities and future time perspective in contributing to positivity effects.

Abstract When compared to younger adults, older adults tend to favor positive over negative information in attention and memory. This is known as the positivity effect. Although this is a robust phenomenon, there is still debate about how it relates to individual differences in cognitive capabilities and future time perspective (FTP). To address this, we investigated how measures of fluid cognitive capabilities and FTP related to positivity effects within the domains of episodic memory, visual attention, and autobiographical memory. Cognitive capabilities were assessed using the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognition battery, and included assessments of executive function, working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed. FTP was assessed via the Carstensen and Lang (1996) scale. Within our final sample (N = 196), we replicated positivity effects in all three task domains, which were all driven by age differences in how people responded to negative (but not positive) information. However, there was limited evidence that the magnitude of these age-related reductions in negativity varied as a function of individual differences in older adults' cognitive capabilities or FTP. Furthermore, when FTP did emerge as a predictor, the pattern was not in line with expectations based upon socioemotional selectivity theory. Thus, the positivity effect may be less reliant on cognitive capabilities and self-reported FTP than is often assumed. Given that there was also very little consistency in the extent to which participants displayed positivity effects across the task domains, these results also raise the possibility that there may be multiple mechanisms underlying positivity effects.
Predictors of left atrial appendage thrombus despite NOAC use in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and flutter.

Abstract Objective A small but significant proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) develop left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) despite non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) prescription. This study examines clinical and echocardiographic risk factors associated with LAAT by transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) despite NOAC use in patients with non-valvular AF, to inform the decision whether a TEE should be performed prior to cardioversion. Methods We compared clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with LAAT despite NOAC prescription for >3 weeks (n = 38) with a consecutive sample of patients on NOAC without LAAT (n = 101). Results The prevalence of LAAT despite NOAC prescription was 2.6%. Left atrial dilation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.310, 95% CI 1.144–9.580, p = 0.02) and greater CHA2DS2-VASC score (per-point increase, aOR 1.293, 1.027–1.628, p = 0.03) increased the odds for LAAT. Higher LVEF (per 5%, aOR 0.834, 0.704–0.987, p = 0.03) and presence of severe mitral regurgitation (aOR 0.147, 0.048–0.446, p = 0.002) were protective against LAAT. LAA emptying velocities were also independently associated with presence of LAAT (aOR per 10 cm/s, 0.46, 0.27–0.77). Conclusion Left atrial dilation, greater CHA2DS2-VASC score, absence of severe mitral regurgitation and lower left ventricular ejection fraction are associated with LAAT despite NOAC therapy. In addition to suspected NOAC noncompliance, presence of such high-risk features may warrant pre-cardioversion TEE. Similarly, in patients with LVEF > 50% and CHA2DS2-VASC
Good Design: A Proposal for the Proper Protection of Market Entry Design

Empirical research tells us that “[d]esign led companies have produced dramatically better share price performance for their investors.” However, in the U.S., in contrast to all European and the majority of other countries around the world, the legal system provides no specific protection for market-entry design. There is starting to be an appreciation of the importance of design to the economy and how the rise in counterfeit activity hurts designers. This paper argues that this rise in counterfeiting and piracy mean that it is important for Congress to finally create a limited protection for industrial design under U.S. law. It reviews current principles of design protection and international harmonization efforts to outline how it is possible to develop a sui generis design protection based upon existing legal principles of U.S. and international law. It explains the rationale for protection and proposes that the legislation should provide an unregistered limited protection against copying for all market-entry industrial design following the principles of protection found in international law and especially in key aspects of the European unregistered design right. The paper argues that this new law would benefit society, consumers and designers.
Seeing and not Seeing the Face of God: Overcoming the Law of Contradiction in Biblical Theology

This paper attempts to illuminate and interpret the contradictory portrait of God as both seen and unseen in the Torah. Thus Moses is commanded not to look on the face of God yet also praised for having spoken to God “face to face". We seek ways to reconcile the contradictory portraits of God through the use of the term “doubled-mindedness” in the theology of Jerome Gellman, in the logic of “thirdness” in C.S. Peirce’s semiotics, and in the use of both particle and wave models in Einstein’s physics of light. The paper concludes by disusing the practical consequences of theological double-mindedness for the religious life and the philosophical meaning of redemption as the time when the contradiction of the unseen and seen God is resolved.
The Extended Eighth-Shell method for periodic boundary conditions with rotational symmetry

The Eighth-Shell method for parallelization of molecular dynamics simulations has previously been shown to be the most optimal for efficiency at large process counts. However, in its current formulation only the P1 space group is supported for periodic boundary conditions (PBC) and thus reflection and/or rotational crystal symmetries are not supported. In this work, we outline the development and implementation of the Extended Eighth-Shell (EES) method that allows rotational symmetry by using an extended import region compared to the ES method. It simulates only the asymmetric unit and communicates coordinates and forces with images that correspond to P21 PBC. The P21 PBC has application in lipid bilayer simulations as it can be used to allow lipids to switch leaftlets, thus rapidly balancing the chemical potential difference between the two layers. Our results show that the EES method scales efficiently over large number of processes and can be used for simulations with P21 symmetry in an orthorhombic crystal.
Does M1 or Total Loanable Funds More Accurately Define the Extent to Which Crowd Out Can Be Modified

This chapter tests additional M1 models. It examines whether the deficit, modified by growth in M1, is a more accurate measures of how much crowd out effects can be modified than deficits modified by changes in total LF. Total LF was found to be a better measure of how much crowd out can be offset than M1.
Diagnosis-to-surgery interval and survival for different histologies of stage I–IIA lung cancer

Background Guidelines on timeliness of lung cancer surgery are inconsistent. Lung cancer histologic subtypes have different prognosis and treatment. It is important to understand the consequences of delayed surgery for each lung cancer histologic subtype. This study aimed to examine the association between diagnosis-to-surgery time interval and survival for early stage lung cancer and selected histologic subtypes. Methods Patients diagnosed with stage I-IIA lung cancer between 2004 and 2015 receiving definitive surgery and being followed up until Dec. 31, 2018, were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Histologic subtypes included adenocarcinoma, squamous or epidermoid carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, carcinoid carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Diagnosis-to-surgery interval was treated as multi-categorical variables ( Results With a median follow-up time of 51 months, a total of 40,612 patients were analyzed, including 40.1% adenocarcinoma and 24.5% squamous or epidermoid carcinoma. The proportion of patients receiving surgery Conclusions Our findings support the guidelines of undertaking surgery within 1 month from diagnosis in patients with stage I-IIA lung cancer. The observed dose-dependent effects emphasize the clinical importance of early surgery. Future studies with larger sample size of less frequent histologic subtypes are warranted to provide more evidence for histology-specific lung cancer treatment guidelines.
Older Adults' Mental Health Through Leisure Activities During COVID-19: A Scoping Review

Older adults are at high risk for mental health distress due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. This scoping review aimed to map emerging evidence on the types of leisure and recreation activities (LRA) adults, 60 years and older, are engaged in for their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified 10 studies on LRA for mental health by older adults with COVID-19 mitigation from a search of the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, JBI Evidence Synthesis, and Epistemonicos. A narrative synthesis of the data revealed age cohorts of young-old (60-69 years) and middle-old (70-79 years) engaging mainly in online LRA for mental health compared to the older-old adults (80 years and older). The middle-old (70-79 years) and older-old adults (80-89 years) engaged in more physical LRA for mental health compared to the younger-old adults. Across age cohorts, the older adults engaged in social connectedness LRA for mental health wellbeing. COVID-19-safe LRA mental health support interventions for older adults should be tailored to their age cohort predispositions for optimal benefit.
Sex Differences in the Effects of Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure on Exploratory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Rats.

Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure in rodents has been shown to alter adult behavior in several domains including learning and memory, social interaction, affective behavior, and ethanol self-administration. AIE has also been shown to produce non-specific behavioral changes that compromise behavioral efficiency. Many studies of these types rely on measuring behavior in mazes and other enclosures that can be influenced by animals' activity levels and exploratory behavior, and relatively few such studies have assessed sex as a biological variable. To address the effects of AIE, and its interaction with sex on these types of behavioral assays, male and female adolescent rats (Sprague Dawley) were exposed to 10 doses of AIE (5g/kg, i.g.), or control vehicle, over 16 days (PND 30-46), and then tested for for exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors on the novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) in an open field, the elevated plus (EPM) and the Figure- 8 mazes. AIE reduced activity/exploratory behaviors in males on the anxiety producing NIH and EPM tasks, but reduced activity in both males and females in the Figure- 8 maze, a task deisgned to create a safe environment and reduce anxiety. Independent of AIE, females engaged in more rearing behavior than males during the NIH task but less in the EPM in which they were also less active than males. AIE also increased EPM open arm time in females but not in males. These findings demonstrate previously unrecognized sex differences in the effects of AIE on activity, exploratory behavior, and anxiety-like behavior; additionally, they underscore the need to design future behavioral studies of AIE using sex as a variable and with rigorous attention to how AIE alters these behaviors.
Propagation of Stress Waves in Metals

The application of an external force to a body is, by definition a dynamic process. However, when the rate of change of the applied forces is low, one can consider the process of deformation as a sequence of steps in which the body can be considered in static equilibrium. Figure 2.1 shows how the distance between the atoms changes upon the application of an external force F. For each of the stages of deformation shown in Figs. 2.1(b) and 2.1(c), the body can be considered under static equilibrium and one can apply the methods of mechanics of materials to determine the internally-resisting stresses (by the method of sections). Hence, a section made at AA or BB will yield identical stresses.
Only a Poor Workman Blames His Tools: On Uses and Abuses of Benefit-Cost Analysis in Regulatory Decision Making About the Environment

Argues that benefit cost analysis is too imprecise to fine tune environmental regulations, but is useful for establishing priorities and convincing skeptics (particularly Republicans).
Nerve Fiber Growth and Its Regulation by Extrinsic Factors

A remarkable feature of embryogenesis is the elaborate extension of axons by neurons to target cells in the nervous system and in other organs. This growth of nerve fibers often traces characteristic pathways to produce specific patterns of innervation. Such precise organization requires a high degree of regulation, and manipulations of embryonal and regenerating tissues have shown that axons are usually directed by cues within the environments through which they grow.1–4 This essay discusses how axons grow and examines two factors, cell-substratum adhesion and chemotactic responses, as principal environmental regulators of axonal growth. Discussion is restricted to tissue culture studies, because growing nerve fibers are more easily observed, manipulated, and subjected to high-resolution morphological and cytochemical studies in vitro than in vivo. In addition, potential extrinsic modulators of nerve fiber growth can be tested and thoroughly evaluated in vitro.
Structured Prediction Models via the Matrix-Tree Theorem

This paper provides an algorithmic framework for learning statistical models involving directed spanning trees, or equivalently non-projective dependency structures. We show how partition functions and marginals for directed spanning trees can be computed by an adaptation of Kirchhoff’s Matrix-Tree Theorem. To demonstrate an application of the method, we perform experiments which use the algorithm in training both log-linear and max-margin dependency parsers. The new training methods give improvements in accuracy over perceptron-trained models.
A Review of “The Library PR Handbook: High-Impact Communications”

Mark Gould, director of the Public Information office of the American Library Association, has assembled a useful public relations (PR) handbook for libraries. The guide offers advice from noted co...
Changing Health Outcomes of Vulnerable Populations through Nursing's Influence on Neighborhood Built Environment: A Framework for Nursing Research

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present a framework for nurses to study the impact of built environment on health, particularly in vulnerable populations. Organizing Construct: The framework is adapted from Social Determinants of Health and Environmental Health Promotion, a framework describing how physical and social environments interact to influence individual and population health and health disparities via macro, community-level, and interpersonal factors. Methods: The original framework was modified for public health nursing using nursing research evaluating built environment and health, and supplemented with Nightingale's theory of nursing and health. Findings: The built environment affects health through regional-, neighborhood-, and individual-level factors. Nursing can affect the health of patients by evaluating the neighborhood built environment where patients reside, and by advocating for changes to the built environment. Conclusions: Through development of built environment research, nurses can provide valuable insight into the pathways linking built environment to health of vulnerable populations, providing evidence for public health nurses to advocate for these changes on a neighborhood, state, and federal level. Clinical Relevance: This framework can be used by public health clinicians to understand the pathways by which the built environment may be affecting the health of their patients, and by researchers to investigate the pathways, and to design and test community interventions.
Generalized Serre-Tate Ordinary Theory

Abelian varieties are projective and connected group varieties. They are of fundamental importance to the study of all projective smooth varieties over fields. In the late 1960s, Serre and Tate developed a deformation theory of abelian varieties over fields of positive characteristic, and introduced several ways to identify the generic ones, which are called ordinary abelian varieties. This monograph provides a comprehensive generalisation of the Serre and Tate theory of ordinary abelian varieties and their deformation spaces. This generalisation deals with abelian varieties equipped with additional structures. The additional structures can be not only a classical action of a semi-simple algebra and a polarisation, but can also be, more generally, the data given by some "crystalline Hodge cycles" (i.e., a crystalline version of a Hodge cycle in the sense of motives). Compared to Serre-Tate ordinary theory, new phenomena appear in the generalised setting. The generalised theory is presented both in abstract contexts of F-crystals endowed with reductive groups and minuscule Hodge co-characters, and in geometric contexts provided by good moduli spaces of abelian varieties endowed with additional strictures, which are called integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type. This monograph studies the generalised notions of ordinariness from multiple points of view, such as Newton polygons, canonical lifts, formal Lie groups, complex multiplications, etc. Researchers and graduate students working in related areas, such as arithmetic algebraic geometry and number theory, will find this monograph truly valuable due to its comprehensive nature and general setting, which provide key new tools for tackling numerous other problems pertaining to all integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type.
Sensors for Monitoring Water Quality

Scientific principles of operation and general design considerations are given for sensors to monitor dissolved oxygen, turbidity. pH, conductivity, temperature, BOD, and specific ions. The importance of proper sampling procedures to the acquisition of valid data is emphasized. Solutions to problems encountered with continuous and semicontinuous monitors in the field and laboratory are detailed.
Will the real MEM please stand up

The MEM is compared to the classical Fourier method of spectral analysis. The MEM is found to make more assumptions about the source of the data and so has less entropy in this sense than the Fourier method. Four kinds of MEM are identified, one of which is capable of superior resolution under certain conditions.
Defining Left Ventricular Segmental and Global Function by Echocardiographic Intraventricular Contrast Flow Patterns

Contrast echocardiography improves left ventricular (LV) endocardial border delineation by enhancement of the blood-tissue interface. In particular, the contrast appearing within the LV chamber exhibits characteristic flow patterns over the cardiac cycle, which may be related to the surrounding myocardial wall motion. To determine the relation between the LV intracavitary contrast flow pattern and surrounding wall motion, we reviewed the contrast-enhanced images of 348 consecutive patients studied at rest. We defined 2 different patterns of intracavitary contrast flow as visualized from apical views: a swift, vertical, and homogeneous flow towards the apex (pattern A), and a distinctly protracted, swirling, and heterogeneous flow (pattern B). Images recorded on videotapes were reviewed and the type of pattern (A or B) was determined within the initial 30 to 45 seconds of contrast appearance in the left ventricle. Contrast flow patterns interpreted by independent reviewer were then compared with the interpretation of the LV segmental and global function in each patient. Results demonstrate that 224 of 245 (91%) patients exhibiting pattern A had normal LV segmental function. Furthermore, all but 1 patient (102 of 103) with pattern B had > or =1 wall motion abnormality (p <0.0001). Contrast flow pattern B was observed irrespective of the location of LV wall motion abnormality. Global LV function was normal in 93% of patients exhibiting pattern A, whereas varying degrees of LV dysfunction were noted in 83% of patients with pattern B (p <0.0001). The presence of mitral regurgitation (p = 0.46), aortic insufficiency (p = 0.066), or mitral inflow Doppler abnormality (p = 0.102) was not significantly associated with either pattern. Thus, during contrast echocardiography, the LV intracavitary contrast flow pattern complements the assessment of global and segmental LV function.
p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase Regulates Activity of the Renin-Angiotensin System: a Pathogenic Mechanism for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Increasing evidence suggests that local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in cardiac diseases. Elevated p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) activity has been observed in diabetic animal, as well as in human failing hearts. We hypothesize that RSK mediates cardiac dysfunction by up regulating local RAS signaling. In the present study, we show that the prorenin mRNA level was significantly increased (~5.6-fold) in transgenic mouse hearts with cardiac specific expression of RSK (RSK-Tg). The RSK-Tg mice were more vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury than non-transgenic littermate controls (NLC). To further understand the direct contribution of cardiac renin to I/R injury, we used a Langendorff system to evaluate the effect of renin inhibition by aliskiren in RSK-Tg mouse hearts. In the vehicle-perfused group, I/R significantly decreased left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) in RSK-Tg hearts compared to NLC (7% versus 60% of the baseline). However, aliskiren perfusion significantly increased LVDP in RSK-Tg (7% to 61%, p<0.01) but not in NLC hearts (60% to 62%, n.s.). The protective effect of aliskiren in RSK-Tg hearts was further demonstrated with positive (contraction) dp/dt (6.5% to 63%, p<0.01) and rate pressure product (RPP) (5% to 51%, p<0.01). Moreover, aliskiren significantly decreased I/R induced infarction in RSK-Tg (60% to 32%, p<0.01), compared to NLC hearts (37% to 32%, n.s.). These results suggest that RSK plays a crucial role in regulating local cardiac renin, which contributes to I/R induced cardiac injury and dysfunction. Thus, renin inhibition may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy under conditions of increased RAS.
Synthesis, characterization and hydrogen adsorption in mixed crystals of MOF-5 and MOF-177

Mixed MOF crystals with morphology similar to that of pure MOF-5 and pure MOF-177 were synthesized using two organic solvents: dimethylformamide (DMF) and diethylformamide (DEF). The mixed crystals were characterized with XRD, SEM and TGA for their physical properties and also evaluated for their hydrogen adsorption properties. The XRD and SEM results suggest that the mixed crystals are different from pure MOF-5 and pure MOF-177. The DMF-derived mixed MOF crystals have a slightly higher specific surface area, smaller pore diameter and greater pore volume than those of the DEF-derived crystals, and seem to be a better adsorbent than the DEF-derived crystals, which was confirmed by the higher hydrogen and nitrogen adsorption capacities on the DMF-derived crystals. The hydrogen adsorption capacities on the mixed MOF crystals are lower than those of pure MOF-5 and MOF-177. It was also observed that the hydrogen diffusion time constant increases with hydrogen pressure, and the heat of hydrogen adsorption decreases with adsorbed hydrogen amount on both mixed crystals.
Regular and chaotic cycling in models of ecological genetics.

Abstract A model of density-dependent selection is investigated for the cyclical behavior associated with the analogous nonlinear models of population growth. If the population size regulating mechanism reacts too sharply to perturbations in population size, regular and chaotic limit cycles may result. It is established analytically that the population may converge to fixation or an invariant polymorphic gene frequency while the population size undergoes regular or chaotic oscillations. The possibility of joint limit cycles in both the population size and gene frequency is demonstrated and investigated numerically. Such cycles may occur even though one or both fixation equilibria are locally stable. In the context of equilibrium cycles it is found that overdominance in carrying capacity is not necessary for the maintenance of genetic variation in the population. Furthermore, the genetic system appears able to exert a stabilizing influence on the overall system.
Ecology: Dishing the dirt on carbon cycling

The roles that microorganisms play in carbon storage are not fully understood. Now modelling results show that the activity of a single group of soil fungi may significantly enhance ecosystem carbon-storage capacity.