cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Relieves Repression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene Expression

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia. The transforming ability of Tax, the viral oncoprotein, is believed to depend on interactions with cell cycle regulators and on transactivation of genes that control cellular proliferation, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cofactor associated with DNA replication and repair. Tax associates with cellular transcription factors to alter their affinity for cognate DNA elements, leading to increased or decreased transcription from that promoter. Although it has been demonstrated that Tax transactivates the PCNA promoter, the mechanism of transcriptional activation is unknown. Here we report a cellular complex that binds specifically to a novel site within the minimal Tax-responsive element of the TATAA-less PCNA promoter. Mutation at this binding site or Tax expression inhibited complex formation and increased promoter activity, suggesting that the complex is a transcriptional repressor. The activation of PCNA gene expression by Tax and consequential decrease in nucleotide excision repair mediated by PCNA overexpression could contribute to the reduced DNA repair capacity and genomic instability observed in HTLV-1-infected cells.
The uptake and interorgan distribution of mercury in a carnivorous crab.

Carnivorous portunid crabs (Thalamita Crenata) were fed 203-Hg labelled polychaetes (Neanthes Succinea) for 13 days. Interorgan distribution of the 203-Hg label in experimental crabs was compared to total Hg uptake and interorgan distributions observed in crabs from nature. Laboratory studies indicate Hg accumulation into viscera exceeded accumulation into body muscle by 7.5 times. Uptake by viscera exceeded uptake by Chela Muscle by 20.9 times. Uptake by body muscle was 2.7 times that of Chela Muscle. In contrast to laboratory studies total Hg concentrations in the body muscle of crabs from the estuary were always higher than concentrations in viscera. Increasing Hg levels in the food between November and February may contribute to increased tissue concentrations of the metal in the predator. However, the more rapid rate of increase in the crab body muscle than in viscera suggests solute Hg may be the more important source of metal over this period. There appears to be a lag in translocation of Hg from the environmental interface of the animal to the Chela Muscle. If a similar lag occurs in metal translocation to slowly exchanging tissues in other animals, short term laboratory experiments may underestimate the potential for contamination of such tissues.
Subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance

Whereas truncal (central) adiposity is strongly associated with the insulin resistant metabolic syndrome, it is uncertain whether this is accounted for principally by visceral adiposity (VAT). Several recent studies find as strong or stronger association between subcutaneous abdominal adiposity (SAT) and insulin resistance. To reexamine the issue of truncal adipose tissue depots, we performed cross-sectional abdominal computed tomography, and we undertook the novel approach of partitioning SAT into the plane superficial to the fascia within subcutaneous adipose tissue (superficial SAT) and that below this fascia (deep SAT), as well as measurement of VAT. Among 47 lean and obese glucose-tolerant men and women, insulin-stimulated glucose utilization, measured by euglycemic clamp, was strongly correlated with both VAT and deep SAT (r = -0.61 and -0.64, respectively; both P < 0.001), but not with superficial SAT (r = -0.29, not significant). Also, VAT and deep SAT followed a highly congruent pattern of associations with glucose and insulin area under the curve (75-g oral glucose tolerance test), mean arterial blood pressure, apoprotein-B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride. Superficial SAT had markedly weaker association with all these parameters and instead followed the pattern observed for thigh subcutaneous adiposity. We conclude that there are two functionally distinct compartments of adipose tissue within abdominal subcutaneous fat and that the deep SAT has a strong relation to insulin resistance.
The assessment of dependence in the study of stressful life events: validation using a twin design.

Background In the assessment of stressful life events (SLEs), researchers have often tried to evaluate whether individual events are dependent or independent of the respondent's behaviour. We sought to validate this evaluation using a twin methodology. We predicted that dependent SLEs would be more heritable than independent SLEs. Methods We explored, by twin modelling, the resemblance in two pairs of past-year personal and network SLEs rated individually, by trained interviewers, on a four-point dependence-independence scale. We examined results from two waves of interviews with 785 female-female twin pairs ascertained from a population based registry. Results Twin model-fitting found no evidence for genetic effects on personal or network independent SLEs. However, familial-environmental factors played an important role in the aetiology of network independent SLEs. For personal and network dependent SLEs, by contrast, three of four analyses suggested a significant aetiological role for genetic factors with estimated heritabilities ranging from 19 to 51%. Conclusions Our results support the validity of interviewer assessments of dependence versus independence of SLEs. As predicted, these assessments were relatively successful at distinguishing SLEs that were influenced by genetic factors from those that were not.
Drifting buoy for autonomous measurement of river environment

The real-time remote measurement of riverine conditions including depth, temperature, and current speed as a function of position will provide valuable information to support river modeling and monitoring of a river's change conditions. QinetiQ North America (QNA), formerly Planning Systems Incorporated, has designed and tested a Riverine Drifter to collect and provide river parameters without extensive personnel involvement as the drifter flows with the river current. This paper will discuss the capabilities and preliminary test results.
Nitration of Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) Tyrosine Residues Results in Decreased Mannose Binding Ability

Nitric oxide (.NO) is a signal transducing free radical which can modify oxidant stress by limiting superoxide (O2.-)-mediated injury. However, the product of .NO reaction with O2.-, peroxynitrite (ONOO-), is a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent. Exposure of a mixture containing phosphatidylcholine liposomes and surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A; 10% by weight) to increasing concentrations of .NO, generated by spermine NONOate, and constant O2.- levels, produced by the action of xanthine oxidase on lumazine, suppressed O2.(-)-induced lipid peroxidation in the presence of Fe3(+)- EDTA. On the other hand, an increase in the .NO/O2.- value resulted in nitration of SP-A tyrosine residues, located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and decreased the ability of SP-A to aggregate lipids and bind mannose, two functions that require an intact CRD. SP-A was also nitrated to a large extent following exposure to 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) or tetranitromethane at pH 8. In each case, increased nitrotyrosine content correlated in a monotonic fashion with inhibition of lipid aggregation and mannose binding, correlated with the extent of functional inhibition. Superoxide dismutase (2400 U/ml) and urate (100 microM; nonspecific scavenger of both ONOO- and hydroxyl radical), but not mannitol (50 mM; hydroxyl radical scavenger), prevented the SIN-1-induced injury to SP-A. In contrast, spermine NON-Oate or xanthine oxidase plus lumazine alone neither inhibited SP-A function nor nitrated the protein. These results indicate that at high concentrations, .NO inhibit O2.-induced lipid peroxidation. However, ONOO., formed by the reaction of .NO and O2.-, nitrates SP-A leading to decreased ability to aggregate lipids and bind mannose.
A stochastic wavefield solution of the acoustic wave equation based on the random Fourier-Stieltjes increments

In this paper we investigate the problem of compressional wave seismic propagation in random media. This problem is important because almost all geologic media is spatially heterogeneous by nature, consisting of a random agglomerate of many-sized rocks, soil and strata. In our formulation, a plane-harmonic seismic wave propagates in a medium having random material properties in the vertical direction. The random field representation is introduced through the intrinsic rock physical properties of the elastic medium. Each of these intrinsic properties is assumed to have a log-normal probability density function, and the random field representation is expressed in terms of these log-normal probability density functions. The constitutive law, the mass balance, and the moment balance equations are written in the Fourier-Stieltjes representation using random Lame coefficients and random mass density. The stochastic wave equation is developed by introducing a ´ perturbation approach based on an infinite series expansion of both random coefficients and the displacement solution in . terms of s-parameters standard deviations of the random material properties . The method yields an integral representation of the displacement wavefield based on the Green's function. This representation is expressed in terms of the random rock physical properties of the medium. The key feature of this paper is that we have expressed the solution as a function of statistical parameters of 1D random medium, including the second order moments. Contrary to most previous derivations, the solutions can also simulate the coda and can be easily extended to simulate waves propagating in 2D and 3D random media. To test the displacement wave solution, synthetic seismograms and dispersion due to scattering effects were calculated for stiffness and density fluctuations of the random medium. This paper is the underlying foundation for the development of the effective propagation vector of acoustic waves in randomly heterogeneous media. This development is presented in a companion paper. In this case, an analytical expression is obtained using a second order perturbation solution. The solution is obtained in terms of the standard deviations of the density and the Young's modulus, respectively, as well as the cross-correlation coefficient and an integral that includes the spectral density and a kernel. In addition, this paper introduces practical expressions for the calculation of the effective attenuation and phase velocity of waves in randomly heterogeneous media. In this companion paper the solution is applied to interpret phase velocity curves that were obtained from interwell acoustic data recorded at Buckhorn test site, Illinois. The objective in this case is to be able to simulate the effect of scattering and intrinsic attenuation associated with acoustic waves in randomly heterogeneous media. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Characteristics of patients referred for cardiac transplantation: implications for the donor organ shortage.

Abstract Background When the decision is made to proceed with cardiac transplantation, the risk/benefit ratio for continued medical therapy in that particular patient must be weighed against the risk/benefit ratio associated with cardiac transplantation. This can only be accomplished while the patient is on maximal medical therapy. Methods To better define the appropriateness of patients being referred for consideration of transplant, we examined the records of 100 consecutive adult patients referred to a cardiac transplant program. Results Two of five patients referred for transplantation had at least one contraindication for transplantation. Twenty percent of the patients were not treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and did not have any documented reason for undertreatment. Of those deemed too well for cardiac transplantation, 84% were alive and either class I or II (mean follow-up 21 months). Conclusions We found the majority to be undertreated or with an absolute contraindication to transplantation. Of those deemed too well for transplantation after appropriate treatment, 84% were alive and well. (Am Heart J 2000;140:857-60.)
The effect of increasing distraction on digital motion after external fixation of the wrist.

Purpose Although several factors have been related to the development of digital stiffness after external fixation of distal radius fractures, distraction can be considered one of the most important. This study determined a threshold for distraction during external fixation of distal radius fractures and documented the effect of distraction of the wrist on metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint motion. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms were mounted on a testing frame and the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon of each finger was pulled individually until a 90° flexion at the MCP joint was generated. A load cell was used to record the force applied on the tendons. Tendon displacement was calculated by using a linear potentiometer. Sequential distraction across the wrist was applied through a distraction outrigger on the external fixator and was measured both on the external fixator in millimeters and on fluoroscopic images. Finger motion was captured by using a 2-dimensional motion tracking system. The experiment was repeated at different levels of wrist distraction (increments of 2 mm to a maximum of 14 mm). Results There was a significant difference in the effect of distraction on the individual fingers. For the index finger the load required for the FDS to produce a 90° flexion at the MCP joint was increased linearly between 0 and 8 mm of wrist distraction. For the other fingers a threshold of distraction was found. A significant increase in the load was noticed after 5 mm of wrist distraction. Conclusions More than 5 mm of wrist distraction increases the load required for the FDS to generate MCP joint flexion for the middle, ring, and small fingers. For the index finger, however, as much as 2 mm of wrist distraction significantly increases the load required for flexion at the MCP joint.
Dual-wavelength mode-locked laser in silicon

We show that inline silicon waveguides inside a laser cavity facilitate laser modelocking due to TPA and TPA-induced FCA, and it can also provide Raman amplification and dual wavelength lasing in the same silicon waveguide.
Testing the enemy release hypothesis: a comparison of foliar insect herbivory of the exotic Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and the native sugar maple (A. saccharum L.)

Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is a Eurasian introduced tree species which has invaded the North American range of its native congener, sugar maple (A. saccharum). One hypothesis used to explain the success of an invasive species is the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), which states that invasive species are often particularly successful in their new range because they lack the enemies of their native range. In this study, we hypothesized that Norway maple would have less insect damage than sugar maple due to such enemy release. Autumn 2005 and summer 2006 leaves of Norway and sugar maple were collected from six sites in New Jersey and Pennsylvania to compare percent leaf area loss, gall damage, fungal damage, and specific leaf area (cm2/g). Although both species had low overall mean levels of leaf damage (0.4–2.5%), in both years/seasons Norway maple had significantly less leaf damage than sugar maple. Insects were also collected to compare insect assemblies present on each tree species. The numbers of insect taxa and individuals found on each species were nearly equivalent. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the enemy release hypothesis for Norway maple. In addition, sugar maples when surrounded by Norway maples tended to show reduced herbivory. This suggests that the spread of Norway maple in North America, by reducing amounts of insect herbivory, may have further ecosystem-wide impacts.
Tourist satisfaction in relation to attractions and implications for conservation in the protected areas of the Northern Circuit, Tanzania

This study assessed tourist satisfaction and its links with tourist attractions and infrastructure at the following six protected areas on the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania: Tarangire National Park, Lake Manyara National Park, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Serengeti National Park, Arusha National Park, and Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 185 tourists visiting the protected areas. Satisfaction ratings for the Northern Circuit were high, with 86% of tourists willing to be repeat visitors. Tourists were attracted primarily to wildlife viewing. Although most tourists were not influenced to visit the region by indigenous culture or physical features, 81% of tourists noted that non-wildlife attractions enhanced their tourist experience. A range of ways to develop more sustainable forms of tourism emerged from the work, including lengthening stays, guide/driver capacity building, and partnership working with tour operators to improve marketing, increase satisf...
Viscous stratified flow towards a sink

In this paper the viscous, slightly stratified flow towards a sink is investigated. The fluid is assumed incompressible, linearly stratified in density, and the flow steady. The theoretical portion of this paper includes both the two-dimensional and the axisymmetric cases, whereas the experimental portion includes only the two-dimensional case. The solutions obtained indicate that there exists a with-drawal layer symmetrically situated about the horizontal plane of the sink. The flow occurs in this layer while outside this layer there is essentially no motion. This withdrawal layer grows in thickness with the distance x (or r) from the sink at a rate proportional to ). The velocity distributions u(y) (or u(z)) are similar from one station x (or r) to another.
Combined effects of mass transfer and inaccessible porosity in gasification reactions

The effect of inaccessible porosity on the rate of gasification reactions is illustrated under conditions where intraparticle and extraparticle resistances to mass transfer are significant. The mathematical model developed here is based on a mass balance for the reactant fluid in the porous particle, coupled with an appropriate structural model developed for the kinetics-controlled case (Delikouras and Perlmutter, 1991). It is demonstrated numerically that the effects of inaccessible porosity generally diminish with increased diffusional resistances. In agreement with the prior kineticscontrolled case, it is shown that the effects of inaccessible porosity are more pronounced at lower values of the structural parameter ψ and at greater levels of the inaccessible fraction.
IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AND BEHAVIORAL MISREGULATION IN THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL ABUSE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Two hundred three alcohol-using college students completed a questionnaire on their levels of alcohol use, moderate to severe problems with alcohol use, and measures of life stress, impulsivity, compulsivity, irrational beliefs, and depression. While impulsivity significantly predicted both alcohol use and problems, stress, compulsivity, irrational beliefs, and depression were found to only be significant predictors of alcohol use problems. When irrational beliefs, impulsivity, and compulsivity were combined to form an “irrational coping” scale, this construct was found in multiple regression analyses to completely mediate the effect of stress on alcohol use problems, while depression was a partial mediator of this effect. Results were interpreted in terms of Rational Emotive Behavior Theory.
Assessment of aortic regurgitation by color flow and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography

Abstract In conclusion, the product of the velocity time integral and cross-sectional area of the aortic regurgitant jet is an easily applied and accurate Doppler echocardiographic method for assessing the severity of AR.
Rhomboid Enhancer Activity Defines a Subset of Drosophila Neural Precursors Required for Proper Feeding, Growth and Viability

Organismal growth regulation requires the interaction of multiple metabolic, hormonal and neuronal pathways. While the molecular basis for many of these are well characterized, less is known about the developmental origins of growth regulatory structures and the mechanisms governing control of feeding and satiety. For these reasons, new tools and approaches are needed to link the specification and maturation of discrete cell populations with their subsequent regulatory roles. In this study, we characterize a rhomboid enhancer element that selectively labels four Drosophila embryonic neural precursors. These precursors give rise to the hypopharyngeal sensory organ of the peripheral nervous system and a subset of neurons in the deutocerebral region of the embryonic central nervous system. Post embryogenesis, the rhomboid enhancer is active in a subset of cells within the larval pharyngeal epithelium. Enhancer-targeted toxin expression alters the morphology of the sense organ and results in impaired larval growth, developmental delay, defective anterior spiracle eversion and lethality. Limiting the duration of toxin expression reveals differences in the critical periods for these effects. Embryonic expression causes developmental defects and partially penetrant pre-pupal lethality. Survivors of embryonic expression, however, ultimately become viable adults. In contrast, post-embryonic toxin expression results in fully penetrant lethality. To better define the larval growth defect, we used a variety of assays to demonstrate that toxin-targeted larvae are capable of locating, ingesting and clearing food and they exhibit normal food search behaviors. Strikingly, however, following food exposure these larvae show a rapid decrease in consumption suggesting a satiety-like phenomenon that correlates with the period of impaired larval growth. Together, these data suggest a critical role for these enhancer-defined lineages in regulating feeding, growth and viability.
Successful treatment of first and second recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia after related allogeneic bone marrow transplant at unusual sites using single-dose vincristine followed by interferon-α2b and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

A 55-year-old Asian woman was diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome-negative early precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). She was treated with eight cycles of the Hyper-CVAD (4 cycles of ...
Beam properties of AlGaAs power lasers with high-quality etched mirrors

High-quality etched mirrors for AlGaAs/GaAs power lasers for applications in optical storage have been fabricated by chemically assisted ion-beam etching (CAIBE). In order to ensure flat mirror facets of the ridge-waveguide lasers, a flared-waveguide end section is used. This results in a very slight mirror roughness of approximately 20 nm across the beam cross section, and yields excellent beam properties allowing diffraction-limited focusing up to 50-mW output power. >
Differential requirement of IFN consensus sequence binding protein for the production of IL-12 and induction of Th1-type cells in response to IFN-gamma.

IFN-γ exerts multiple biological activities in the modulation of immune responses by the induction of transcription factors. One transcriptional factor of the IFN regulatory factor family found to be critical in regulating IL-12-dependent IFN-γ production in vivo following infectious challenge has been designated IFN consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP). In this study, the role of ICSBP in regulating type 1 responses to T cell-specific stimulation in vitro was assessed. Total splenocytes from ICSBP −/− mice stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 were markedly impaired in the production of IFN-γ compared with similarly stimulated cells from ICSBP +/+ mice. Consistent with the decrease in IFN-γ production, splenocytes from ICSBP −/− mice stimulated with anti-CD3 in the presence or absence of IFN-γ or a soluble CD40 ligand agonist failed to produce IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p70 protein; however, the deficient production of IFN-γ from ICSBP −/− mice could be restored by the addition of anti-CD28 Ab in an IL-12-independent manner. In contrast to the previous data, production of IFN-γ from naive CD4 + /LECAM-1 high cells of ICSBP −/− mice that had been primed in vitro with anti-CD3 was similar to or greater than that of ICSBP +/+ controls. In addition, the presence of IFN-γ in priming cultures enhanced both priming for IFN-γ and IL-12 responsiveness from ICSBP −/− CD4 + T cells. Overall, these results provide evidence that ICSBP is differentially required for the ability of IFN-γ to regulate type 1 cytokine responses from APCs and CD4 + T cells.
Trainee Preferences for Feedback and Evaluation in Clinical Supervision

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review both the empirical and conceptual literature concerning trainee preferences for feedback and evaluation in clinical supervision. This unique review is based upon several separate literatures including psychology, social work, counseling, speech pathology, business, and medical training. It will discuss the importance of feedback and evaluation, their effectiveness in producing change, related supervisee preferences, the characteristics of effective and ineffective feedback and evaluation, and a step-by-step plan for providing quality feedback. Finally, it will provide results from a pilot study conducted on these topics and suggest some areas for future research. It is hoped that this paper will be useful to supervision researchers, clinical supervisors and supervisees, and training directors alike.
Rainfall observations by the airborne dual-frequency precipitation radar during CAMEX-4

The 2/sup nd/ Generation Precipitation Radar is a new design for a dual-frequency (13.4 and 35.6 GHz) spaceborne precipitation radar. An airborne PR-2 simulator has been developed to demonstrate key technologies. This airborne system was flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the 4/sup th/ Convection and Moisture Experiment in 2001. Data were acquired in Tropical Storms Chantal and Gabrielle, Hurricane Humberto, and in several more localized convective systems. The authors discuss the design of the PR-2 airborne radar and show observations from CAMEX-4. Overall, the observations validated the design of PR-2 and provide an extensive data set for scientific analyses.
Early Mortality after Modern Total Hip Arthroplasty

Because of improvements in surgical technique, anesthesia, and rehabilitation, mortality after hip arthroplasty may be on the decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the 90-day mortality rate after uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed under regional anesthesia. We retrospectively reviewed 7478 consecutive patients undergoing cementless primary or revision THA between January 2000 and July 2006. Patient survivorship was established and causes of death were obtained by accessing the Social Security Death Index, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Death Index, and State Departments of Vital Statistics. There were two intraoperative deaths from cardiac arrest. The overall 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0.24% (18 of 7478) and 0.55% (41 of 7478), respectively. Thirty-day mortality after primary THA was low at 0.13% (eight of 6272). The most common cause of death was cardiovascular-related. Mortality after modern THA seems to have remained very low despite the availability of this procedure to patients of all ages and comorbidities. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Detrital zircon geochronology and the provenance of the Harmony and Valmy Formations, Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada

A long-standing debate over the provenance of lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada, is addressed through abraded single-grain U-Pb detrital zircon analysis of the Harmony and Vahny Formations. Twenty-seven zircon grains from mature quartz arenite of the Middle Ordovician Valmy Formation yielded concordant to a few percent discordant ages of ∼1050 Ma (n = 2),1830-1845 Ma (n = 4),1910-1960 Ma (n = 5),2270-2340 Ma (n = 2), 2650-2750 Ma (n = 8), and ∼2900 Ma (n =1), and moderately discordant ages of ∼2070 Ma (n =1) and ∼3240 Ma (n =1). These ages are consistent with ultimate derivation from the north (Slave craton and Medicine Hat province and central/northern Alberta) and suggest a link between the Valmy Formation and the coeval Eureka Quartzite on the adjacent shelf and miogeoclinal prism. Twenty-seven analyses of zircon from immature quartzo-feldspathic wacke of the Upper Cambrian Harmony Formation include concordant analyses in the range of 695-710 Ma (n = 9), 1015-1225 Ma (n = 12), ∼1330 Ma (n = 2), ∼1745 Ma (n = 1), ∼1915 Ma (n = 1), and 2570 Ma (n = 1). The ∼700 Ma and ∼1100 Ma ages (which represent >80 %of the grains) have no known western North American basement source of reasonable proximity and age, suggesting derivation from an unknown western or southern source, or perhaps from rocks that presently underlie the Roberts Mountains allochthon. A growing body of U-Pb isotopic evidence indicates that 1000-1270 Ma and 670-750 Ma zircon ages are relatively common in offshelf continental margin strata. The latter set of ages is also represented by orthogneiss that intrudes or is overlain by continental margin strata, necessitating the widespread exposure of felsic plutonic rocks of these ages along the Cordilleran margin during early Paleozoic time. Subsequently, such rocks may have been overlain by younger continental margin strata, structurally overlain by allochthonous units, or tectonically removed from the region by younger rifting events. The presence of widespread mid- and late Proterozoic felsic magmatic rocks along the Cordilleran margin is not easily accommodated by popular pre-570 Ma plate reconstructions that place Nevada and the central Cordillera opposite the Transantarctic Mountains or eastern Australia.
Thermal and Structural Analysis of a Suspended Physics Package for a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock

Power dissipation for chip scale atomic clocks (CSAC) is one of the major design considerations. 12 mW of the 30 mW power budget is for temperature control of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and the alkali-metal vapor cell, each must be maintained at 70±0.1°C even over large ambient temperature variations of 0°C to 50°C. The physics package of a CSAC device is composed of the cell, VCSEL and optical components. This package is heated to 70±0.1°C, but must be very well insulated to dissipate less than 12 mW. To create such a high level of insulation the physics package is enclosed in a gold coated vacuum package and is suspended on a specially designed Cirlex structure. The thermal performance of the suspended physics package has been evaluated by measuring the total thermal resistance from a mockup package with and without an enclosure. Without and enclosure the resistance was found to be 1.07°C/mW. With the enclosure the resistance increases to 1.71°C/mW. These two cases were modeled using FEA, which was found to match well. A FEA model of the real design of the enclosed, suspended physics package was then modeled an was found to have a thermal resistance of 6.28°C/mW, which meets the project requirements. The structural performance of the physics package was measured by shock testing the physics package mockup and recording the response with a high speed video camera. The shock testes were modeled using dynamic FEA and were found to match the measured displacements well. A FEA model of the real design of the physics package was created and it was found that the package will survive an 1800 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex yield stress, 49 MPa. In addition the package will survive a 10,000 g shock of any duration in any direction without exceeding the Cirlex tensile stress, 229 MPa.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Renal Ablation with the Gianturco Stainless Steel Coil for Control of Massive Proteinuria

AbstractWe describe a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, renal failure, hypoalbuminemia and massive proteinuria. Attempts to reduce the protein loss with corticosteroids, indomethacin and mercurial diuretics were unsuccessful. Renal artery occlusion via Gianturco stainless steel coils was accomplished with the sole major complication of an ileus, probably caused by narcotics given for analgesia. The coils provide a convenient means of terminating renal function without resort to nephrectomy.
The Role of Dispositions in Organizational Politics: A Study of Big-Five Personality Dimensions for Different Facets of Organizational Politics

This paper explores the effects of personality on organizational politics. I present a model that conceptualizes how different dimensions of the Big-Five factor model influence different categories of organizational politics? On the basis of the research and theory for organizational politics and personality I argue that extroverts will engage in 'General Political Behavior', and 'Pay and Promotion Policies' organizational politics, while neurotics and agreeables will involve in 'Go Along to Get Ahead' and people high in conscientiousness will go for 'Pay and promotion Policies' political behaviors. After defining and distinguishing among different kinds of organizational politics and personality dimensions, I develop propositions regarding the influence of personal differences on different types of organizational politics.
483 SHAPE MEMORY POLYMER NEUROVASCULAR STENTS.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and the major cause of long-term disability. Ischemic strokes represent the majority of cases. The only approved treatment available to restore blood flow in small intracranial vessels consists of drug therapy (rtPA). However, it is associated with a limited window of opportunity and risks of hemorrhage. Stents are now widely used in order to restore blood flow in larger arteries, but considering the current technology of stents, no such devices are available for intracranial arteries due to the tortuosity of the neurovasculature, the small diameter, and the delicacy of the vessels. We hypothesized that stents made of shape memory polymer (SMP) could be engineered to be placed in intracranial vessels. Due to its phase separation occurring during polymerization, the polymer we are proposing to use has a unique ability to be deformed and to recover a predetermined shape. The material can be molded into a primary shape, corresponding here to the final shape of the stent implanted in the artery; it can then be deformed into a secondary shape, here a small collapsed device to be inserted into the artery; finally, it can recover its primary shape upon heat activation. The polymeric material can also be coated for biocompatibility and drug release. In this study, we describe preliminary work towards the development of a shape memory polymer stent to be placed in the neurovasculature. We first describe the thermomechanical properties of SMP polyurethane. Second, we evaluate the forces exerted on the device during actuation and after implantation; these forces are then measured experimentally. Finally, we propose to test the prototype for deliverability and deployability in ex vivo arteries.
The rationale for surgery in preinfarction angina.

Of 123 patients with identical clinical criteria for preinfarction angina, 35 were treated medically and 88 surgically in a nonrandomized manner. There was no statistical difference between these two therapeutic groups in regard to age range, average age, sex distribution, number and distribution of prior myocardial infarction, and duration of chronic and acute anginal symptoms. With medical therapy, 32 sustained a myocardial infarction, and 14 (40 per cent) of these died within I month of hospital admission. Thirteen of 21 survivors or 37 per cent of the original group are asymptomatic on continuing medical therapy an average of 15 months after discharge. The surgical patients were studied by catheterization and angiography and underwent an early operation. Eight (9.4 per cent) demonstrated evidence of postoperative infarction, and 3 (3.4 per cent) died after the operation. Seventy-one (84 per cent) are completely asymptomatic and 6 are less symptomatic an average of 17 months after the operation. Actuarial analysis of the follow-up data reveals that the initial significant difference in survival between the two groups is maintained through the first 36 months. On the basis of this experience, we suggest that surgical intervention is the therapy of choice in patients with preinfarction angina.
Exploring the Relationship Between Phonological Awareness, Speech Impairment, and Literacy: A Response

(2001). Exploring the Relationship Between Phonological Awareness, Speech Impairment, and Literacy: A Response. Advances in Speech Language Pathology: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 163-166.
Compartment-Dependent Degradation of Mutant Huntingtin Accounts for Its Preferential Accumulation in Neuronal Processes.

In neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolded proteins, including Huntington9s disease (HD), the neuronal processes and terminals are particularly prone to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, leading to axonal and synaptic dysfunction. This compartment-dependent accumulation can result from either the altered transport of misfolded proteins or impaired protein degradation. Mutant huntingtin (mHtt), the HD protein, is known to affect intracellular transport and can be degraded by the proteasome and autophagy, but how mHtt accumulates in the neuronal processes, an early pathological event in the brains of HD patients, still remains unclear. Using an “optical pulse-chase” assay that can quantify protein degradation in specific subcellular regions, we found that neuronal mHtt is removed faster in the cell body than in neurites. Furthermore, mHtt is cleared more rapidly in astrocytes than in neurons. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a much bigger role than autophagy in degrading soluble mHtt via K48 ubiquitination in both the cytoplasm and processes of neurons and astrocytes. By injecting adenoviral vectors expressing mHtt into the mouse brain, we confirmed that mHtt is removed more slowly in neurites than in the cytoplasm of the cell body of neurons. Our findings provide evidence for the cell type- and compartment-dependent degradation of mHtt and explain why mHtt preferentially accumulates and aggregates in the neuropils of vulnerable neurons. In addition, our findings suggest that enhancing proteasomal activity could be an effective way to reduce the preferential accumulation of soluble mHtt in neuronal processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The clearance of misfolded proteins is key to preventing neurodegeneration in Huntington9s disease, but how mutant huntingtin (mHtt) accumulates differentially in different cell types and subcellular regions remains unclear. We found mHtt is cleared slowly in neuronal processes compared with the cytoplasm and is cleared more efficiently in astrocytes than in neurons. Moreover, this compartment-dependent degradation of soluble mHtt is mediated primarily by the ubiquitin-proteasome system rather than autophagy. Our findings imply that enhancing proteasome activity could be an efficient way to clear soluble misfolded proteins in the neuronal processes.
Brand Love: Development and Validation of a Practical Scale

Batra et al. (Journal of Marketing 76, 1–16, 2012) created a new conceptualization of brand love but did not develop a pragmatically useful measure for studies where questionnaire length is a constraint. The current research develops a more parsimonious brand love scale, with three nested versions of 26, 13, and 6 items, respectively. This research also validates the scales, and in so doing conducts several important validity tests not considered by Batra et al. The 26-item scale is able to predict consumer loyalty, word of mouth, and resistance to negative information, with an R 2 of .90, after correcting for measurement error.
Association of Kenaf leaf curl betasatellite with Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus in naturally infected Malvastrum coromandelianum

Weeds host viruses and, therefore, may act as virus reservoirs for cultivated plants. Malvastrum coromandelianum is a widespread non-cultivated species that exhibits yellow vein disease symptoms suggestive of a begomovirus infection. A monopartite begomovirus (isolate 40SB), associated with a betasatellite (33SA), was identified in Malvastrum coromandelianum. The isolate 40SB showed maximum of 95.2% identity with Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV). Whereas, 33SA was classified as a member of Kenaf leaf curl betasatellite (KLCuB) by sharing maximum 86.3% nucleotide identity with isolates of this DNA satellite. Although trans-replication and patho-symptomatology of the disease complex are yet to be verified biologically, this is the first report of a natural association of KLCuB with MeYVMV.
A Modified Delphi Study for Development of a Pediatric Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents

Objectives Emergency medicine (EM) trainees are expected to learn to provide acute care for patients of all ages. The American Council for Graduate Medical Education provides some guidance on topics related to caring for pediatric patients; however, education about pediatric topics varies across residency programs. The goal of this project was to develop a consensus curriculum for teaching pediatric emergency care. Methods We recruited 13 physicians from six academic health centers to participate in a three-round electronic modified Delphi project. Participants were selected on the basis of expertise with both EM resident education and pediatric emergency care. The first modified Delphi survey asked participants to generate the core knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to prepare EM residents to effectively treat children in an acute care setting. The qualitative data from the first round was reformulated into a second-round questionnaire. During the second round, participants used rating scales to prioritize the curriculum content proposed during the first round. In round 3, participants were asked to make a determination about each curriculum topic using a three-point scale labeled required, optional, or not needed. Results The first modified Delphi round yielded 400 knowledge topics, 206 clinical skills, and 44 specific types of experience residents need to prepare for acute pediatric patient care. These were narrowed to 153 topics, 84 skills, and 28 experiences through elimination of redundancy and two rounds of prioritization. The final lists contain topics classified by highly recommended, partially recommended, and not recommended. The partially recommended category is intended to help programs tailor their curriculum to the unique needs of their learners as well as account for variability between 3- and 4-year programs and the amount of time programs allocate to pediatric education. Conclusion The modified Delphi process yielded the broad outline of a consensus core pediatric emergency care curriculum.
Increasing resolution of reverse‐time migration using time‐shift gathers

Reverse-time migration (RTM) has become an industry standard imaging method for complex geological areas. We present an approach for increasing its imaging resolution by employing time-shift gathers. The method consists of two steps: 1) migrating seismic data with the extended imaging condition to get time-shift gathers; 2) accumulating the information from time-shift gathers after they are transformed to zero-lag time-shift by a post-stack depth migration on a finer grid. The final image is generated on a grid which is denser than that of the original image thus increasing its resolution. The proposed method is based on the observation that non-zero-lag time-shift images recorded by the regular computing grid contain the information of zero-lag time-shift image of a denser grid, and such information can be continued to zero-lag time-shift and refocused at the correct locations on the denser grid. The extra computational cost of the proposed method amounts to the computational cost of zero-offset migration, and is almost negligible compared to the cost of prestack shot-record RTM. Numerical tests on synthetic models demonstrate that the method can effectively improve RTM resolution. It can also be regarded as an approach to improve the effciency of RTM by performing wavefield extrapolation on a coarse grid and generating the final image on the desired fine grid. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
From Intrapreneurship to Entrepreneurship: Is Technical Expertise Sufficient?- a Case Study

Following a successful career in industry, Dr. Douglas V. Shick, a newly minted entrepreneur, established NRS Associates, LLC, to perform consulting services based on two highly technical computer-modeling programs. Doug was heavily involved in the development of one program, an innovative computer simulation software for modeling a particular manufacturing process, through intrapreneurial activity during his corporate experience. Doug established his business on September 1, 2001, and on September 10 announced his services by e-mail to everyone he knew. The unforeseen events of the next day, September 11, produced some unexpected aftereffects that Doug had to factor into his developing business.
Bubbles in Liquid Helium Containing Electrons in Excited States

When an electron enters liquid helium, it forces open a cavity within the liquid. We calculate the size and shape of these electron bubbles for different quantum states of the electron, and determine the negative pressure at which the different bubbles explode.
Lymphadenoid Tissues in the Upper Airway

The lymphadenoid tissues in the upper airway are relatively organized lymphoepithelial structures that play an important role in protecting the upper airway against foreign pathogens. The importance of the presence of lymphadenoid tissue in humans was recognized as long ago as 1884 by Waldeyer, who described its specific arrangement as a “ring” of lymphoid tissue, now termed as the Waldeyer’s ring. The palatine tonsils are major components of the lymphoid tissues contained in the Waldeyer’s ring and appear to function as the host’s first line of defense against exogenous microorganisms and other potential air pollutants and allergens. Since its initial description, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has emerged as a highly prevalent condition in the pediatric age range, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy has been recognized as the major pathophysiological contributor of OSA in children and also plays an important role in another frequent condition in children, namely, recurrent tonsillitis (RI). Therefore, in this chapter, we summarize the current cumulative evidence on the histological and pathological features of human lymphadenoid tissues, delineate their fundamental immunological functions, and provide insights into various interactions involved in the initiation of immune responses, such as to enable a better conceptual framework on the pathophysiology of pediatric OSA.
The nucleotide sequence of the luxE gene of Vibrio harveyi and a comparison of the amino acid sequences of the acyl-protein synthetases from V. harveyi and V. fischeri.

The luxE gene of bioluminescent bacteria encodes the acyl-protein synthetase component of the fatty acid reductase complex. The complex is responsible for converting tetradecanoic acid to the aldehyde which serves as a substrate in the luciferase-catalyzed reaction. The nucleotide sequence of the luxE gene of Vibrioharveyi was determined and the amino acid sequence of the acyl-protein synthetase deduced. The protein consists of 378 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 42,965 daltons. Alignment of the V.harveyi enzyme with the V.fischeri acyl-protein synthetase showed 62% identity.