cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Chlamydia trachomatis Type III Secretion Chaperone Slc1 Engages Multiple Early Effectors, Including TepP, a Tyrosine-phosphorylated Protein Required for the Recruitment of CrkI-II to Nascent Inclusions and Innate Immune Signaling

Chlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent of trachoma and sexually transmitted infections, employs a type III secretion (T3S) system to deliver effector proteins into host epithelial cells to establish a replicative vacuole. Aside from the phosphoprotein TARP, a Chlamydia effector that promotes actin re-arrangements, very few factors mediating bacterial entry and early inclusion establishment have been characterized. Like many T3S effectors, TARP requires a chaperone (Slc1) for efficient translocation into host cells. In this study, we defined proteins that associate with Slc1 in invasive C. trachomatis elementary bodies (EB) by immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry. We identified Ct875, a new Slc1 client protein and T3S effector, which we renamed TepP (Translocated early phosphoprotein). We provide evidence that T3S effectors form large molecular weight complexes with Scl1 in vitro and that Slc1 enhances their T3S-dependent secretion in a heterologous Yersinia T3S system. We demonstrate that TepP is translocated early during bacterial entry into epithelial cells and is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues by host kinases. However, TepP phosphorylation occurs later than TARP, which together with the finding that Slc1 preferentially engages TARP in EBs leads us to postulate that these effectors are translocated into the host cell at different stages during C. trachomatis invasion. TepP co-immunoprecipitated with the scaffolding proteins CrkI-II during infection and Crk was recruited to EBs at entry sites where it remained associated with nascent inclusions. Importantly, C. trachomatis mutants lacking TepP failed to recruit CrkI-II to inclusions, providing genetic confirmation of a direct role for this effector in the recruitment of a host factor. Finally, endocervical epithelial cells infected with a tepP mutant showed altered expression of a subset of genes associated with innate immune responses. We propose a model wherein TepP acts downstream of TARP to recruit scaffolding proteins at entry sites to initiate and amplify signaling cascades important for the regulation of innate immune responses to Chlamydia.
A preliminary report on the performance of CLASS.LD2

Abstract This study summarizes a portion of the validation data used in the development of CLASS.LD2, an expert system for classifying learning disabled students. Two hundred sixty-four students files were evaluated using CLASS.LD. There was disagreement between the multidisciplinary teams and CLASS.LD2 in 78 cases. These 78 cases were then submitted to three experts in LD classification. These experts were asked to make eligibility decisions for each of the 78 cases. Their decisions were compared to those of the expert system and the placement teams. The data from these comparisons suggested that (a) CLASS. LD2 was in agreement with the experts more often than were the placement teams, (b) the expert system's decisions were significantly correlated with those of the experts, and (c) in those cases in which the experts were in unanimous disagreement with CLASS.LD2, it was shown that CLASS.LD2 conformed strictly to state rules and regulations in making its eligibility decisions.
The genetic correlation between characters maintained by selection, linkage and inbreeding.

Mutation is modelled in two quantitative characters under separate genetic control in a large population. A bivariate pattern of selection acts to correlate the characters and, without pleiotropy, their genetic correlation is due entirely to linkage disequilibrium. Data on spontaneous mutation, the effective number of genes, and the intensity of natural selection on quantitative characters are used to evaluate the models. It is concluded that, even when selection favors a high correlation between the characters, with random mating and no linkage between loci influencing different traits the genetic correlation between characters is likely to be small in magnitude. A genetic correlation of large magnitude can be maintained only if the loci influencing different characters are tightly linked, or there is a high level of inbreeding in the population created by frequent mating between closely related individuals.
Dual infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic shock syndrome possible synergistic effects of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C

We describe a 35-year-old woman with clinical, microbiologic, and serologic findings suggesting that the patient developed toxic shock syndrome as a result of dual infections caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Certain aspects of the pathogenesis of this toxin-related syndrome are reviewed.
Woodrats and Cholla: Dependence of a Small Mammal Population on the Density of Cacti

In the deserts of Southern California, stands of jumping cholla cactus (Opuntia bigelovii) are usually inhabited by desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida). The density of woodrats is obviously correlated with the density of cacti. On our study area, an alluvia fan in Joshua Tree National Monument, 80% of the variability in the density of woodrats could be attributed to variation in the density of cacti. The turnover of the woodrat population (mortality and replacement) apparently was greatest in areas of low density of cacti. The dependence of woodrat populations on the density of cholla may be attributed to the fact that the cacti provide most resources required by the woodrats; food, water, materials, for den construction, and a means of avoiding predation. Woodrats also are abundant in some habits where there is little or no cactus of any king, so that their dependence on cholla is not obligate.
Conversion of cholic acid to methyl 3α-carbethoxy-12α-acetoxy-6-oxo-5β-chol-7-en-24-oate

Abstract A new and efficient method for preparation of a 7-en-6-one derivative of cholic acid is described. Acetylation of the known methyl 3α-carbethoxy-12α-hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholan-24-oate ( 3 ) at 12 position and reduction of its 7-oxo group yield the 12α-acetoxy-7α-hydroxy derivative 5 . Dehydration of the 7α-hydroxy group in 5 followed by allylic oxidation provide methyl 3α-carbethoxy-12α-acetoxy-6-oxo-5β-chol-7-en-24-oate ( 7 ) in good yield.
Practice Patterns in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgical Therapy: The Dramatic Increase in Minimally Invasive Technologies

Purpose: We describe the trends in transurethral prostatectomy and minimally invasive surgical treatments for benign prostate hyperplasia from 1999 through 2005 among elderly male Medicare beneficiaries.Materials and Methods: Benign prostatic hyperplasia surgeries were identified using the annual 100% Medicare carrier files which contain physician claims for services reimbursed under Medicare Part B. The annual age group specific procedure rates as well as the age adjusted rates by race and percent of each procedure performed in different clinical settings were calculated.Results: The total number of benign prostatic hyperplasia procedures increased 44% from 88,868 in 1999 to 127,786 in 2005. The minimally invasive surgical treatment procedure counts increased 529% from 11,582 to 72,887 and the rates increased 439% from 136 to 678 per 100,000 males during that period. The transurethral prostate resection rate decreased approximately 5% per year. By 2005 minimally invasive surgical treatment procedures acc...
Fatigue damage assessment by nonlinear ultrasonic materials characterization

The ultimate strength of most structural materials is mainly limited by the presence of microscopic imperfections serving as nuclei of the fracture process. Since these nuclei are considerably shorter than the acoustic wavelength at the frequencies normally used in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE), linear acoustic characteristics are not sufficiently sensitive to this kind of microscopic degradation of the material's integrity. On the other hand, even very small imperfections can produce very significant excess nonlinearity which can be orders of magnitude higher than the intrinsic nonlinearity of the intact material. The excess nonlinearity is produced mainly by the strong local nonlinearity of microcracks whose opening is smaller than the particle displacement. Parametric modulation via crack-closure significantly increases the stress-dependence of fatigued materials. A special experimental technique was introduced to measure the second-order acousto-elastic coefficient in a great variety of materials including plastics, metals, composites and adhesives. Experimental results are presented to illustrate that the nonlinear acoustic parameters are earlier and more sensitive indicators of fatigue damage than their linear counterparts.
Neural networks and principal component analysis: learning from examples without local minima

Abstract We consider the problem of learning from examples in layered linear feed-forward neural networks using optimization methods, such as back propagation, with respect to the usual quadratic error function E of the connection weights. Our main result is a complete description of the landscape attached to E in terms of principal component analysis. We show that E has a unique minimum corresponding to the projection onto the subspace generated by the first principal vectors of a covariance matrix associated with the training patterns. All the additional critical points of E are saddle points (corresponding to projections onto subspaces generated by higher order vectors). The auto-associative case is examined in detail. Extensions and implications for the learning algorithms are discussed.
Metals of the bottom muds in Townsville Harbor, Australia

Abstract Samples of Townsville Harbor bottom mud were acid leached (0·3 m HCl) to measure bioavailability of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn. Three of seven samples showed enrichment factors relative to average soil of 25–30 for Cd, 5–71 for Cu, 21–81 for Pb, and 13–37 for Zn. The other four samples were only high in Cd, Pb, and Zn by an enrichment factor of 2–7. Considering that this harbor is in the middle of the environmentally sensitive Great Barrier Reef area, the disposal of the dredged harbor muds poses a special problem.
Antifibrinolytic agents in cardiac surgery: Current controversies

Antifibrinolytic agents play a prominent role in adult cardiac surgery. This article is a review of the modern published experience of antifibrinolytic agent use in adult cardiac surgery. The use of tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and aprotinin is examined during primary cardiac surgery, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, reoperative cardiac surgery, and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. In addition, the issues of vein graft patency and hypersensitivity reaction in the presence of antifibrinolytic agents are examined.
Binding and removal of aluminum ions in waters by an algal biomass

Abstract A preliminary study on the binding and removal of trace concentrations of aluminum ions in waters by two species of algae, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa and Chlorella Vulgaaris, were investigated. Binding by the former was minimal over all pH ranges, but binding by the latter was effective with a maximum binding of 68% occurring at pH 5. Binding was lowered drastically below pH 2, and this may be used to remove aluminum from the algae. Optimum binding occurred after 20 minutes exposure time of algae to aluminum solution and 450 mg algae mass to 100 mL solution. Binding was reproducible and more efficient in waters with low suspended solids. High salt concentrations interfere with binding, and the Chlorella Vulgaris could be reused 7 times with washings between each binding before a noticeable decrease in binding efficiency was found.
Mixed-Valence Behavior in an Iodine Complex of a Ferrocenylenesilylene Polymer

Structural and thermal characteristics of an amorphous iodine complex of a ferrocenylenesilylene polymer, [−(C5H4)Fe(C5H4)Si(CH3)(C6H5)·(I1.5)−]n, have been measured using 57Fe Mossbauer, IR and Ra...
Systematic variations in immune response-related gene transcript abundance suggest new questions about environmental influences on lacrimal gland immunoregulation.

Purpose: Retrospective analyses were undertaken to assess the hypothesis that environmental variables influenced immunophysiological status of lacrimal glands from untreated female rabbits that had been housed out-of-doors until they were acquired for use as controls for experimental studies.Materials and Methods: Rabbits were euthanized within 5 days of arrival at University Vivaria. Glands were divided for histology and RNA extraction. Transcript abundances were determined with real time RT-PCR. Sections were stained for CD18 and rabbit thymic lymphocyte antigen. Environmental variables assessed were mean daily high temperature, low humidity, high temperature/low humidity ratio, and days with above average temperature/humidity ratio (“adverse days”) during the prior 30 days.Results: Spearman’s analyses revealed numerous significant correlations. Numbers of T cells and abundances of mRNAs for CD8; CCL2, and CCL4; IL-1α and IL-1β; the TH1 cytokine, IL-2; and the TH2- and B cell cytokines, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1...
1598 CONCANAVALIN-A (Con-A) STIMULATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC) FROM MINIMAL LESION NEPHROTIC (MLN) PATIENTS IN REMISSION RESULTS IN AN INCREASED IN VITRO 35SO4 UPTAKE IN GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE (GBM)

We have previously shown a significant increase in 35SO4 uptake in rat GBM when glomeruli were cocultured with PBMC from MLN patients in relapse, but an uptake no different than normal controls if glomeruli were incubated with PBMC of patients in remission. We have studied the 35SO4 uptake by GBM after PBMC from 12 MLN patients in remission have been stimulated with ConA (10 μg/ml of culture media).
Effects of laryngeal denervation on ultrasound production and male sexual behavior in rodents

Adult male house mice (Mus musculus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi) were used to investigate the effects of partial denervation of the larynx on ultrasound production. In addition the masculine sexual behavior of vocalizing and muted males was assessed on tests with receptive females. For both species, unilateral transections of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) significantly reduced the proportion of males that emitted ultrasonic vocalizations. However, the inability to vocalize did not prevent the display of male sexual behavior. Bilateral transections of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) failed to abolish ultrasound production in males of both species. These nerve transections, however, reduced the amount of ultrasound recorded during postsurgical tests, and in the case of deer mice, cuts of the SLN increased the latency to the first vocalization. The present results confirm the importance of the ILN in the neural control of ultrasonic vocalizations and indicate that, at least in laboratory tests, the ability to emit ultrasounds is not a necessary condition for the display of mating behavior in male rodents.
Use of stereolithography to manufacture critical-sized 3D biodegradable scaffolds for bone ingrowth.

A novel approach to the manufacture of biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for tissue-engineering utilizing stereolithography (SLA) is presented. SLA is a three-dimensional (3D) printing method that uses an ultraviolet laser to photo-crosslink a liquid polymer substrate. The current generation of SLA devices provide a 3D printing resolution of 0.1 mm. The experiments utilized a biodegradable resin mixture of diethyl fumarate (DEF), poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), and a photoinitiator, bisacylphosphine oxide (BAPO). The PPF is crosslinked with the use of the SLA's UV laser (325-nm wavelength). An SLA device was retrofitted with a custom fixture build tank enclosing an elevator-driven build table. A 3D prototype model testing the manufacturing control this device provides was created in a computer-aided-design package. The resulting geometric data were used to drive the SLA process, and a DEF/PPF prototype part was successfully manufactured. These scaffolds have application in the tissue engineering of bony substrates.
How We Know—and Sometimes Misjudge—What Others Know: Imputing One's Own Knowledge to Others

To communicate effectively, people must have a reasonably accurate idea about what specific other people know. An obvious starting point for building a model of what another knows is what one oneself knows, or thinks one knows. This article reviews evidence that people impute their own knowledge to others and that, although this serves them well in general, they often do so uncritically, with the result of erroneously assuming that other people have the same knowledge. Overimputation of one's own knowledge can contribute to communication difficulties. Corrective approaches are considered. A conceptualization of where own-knowledge imputation fits in the process of developing models of other people's knowledge is proposed.
Effect of progesterone on sexual reproduction of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera)

Abstract Using hormones to regulate reproduction is a common theme among animals, but little is known about the hormones of most invertebrates. The use of oxidized sterols as hormones is widespread, as is binding to specific nuclear receptors. As part of a transcriptome sequencing project, we discovered a receptor similar to the vertebrate progesterone receptor in the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas. This motivated us to investigate the effects of progesterone on various aspects of rotifer reproduction, including the switch from asexual to sexual reproduction, male production and behavior, resting egg production and hatching, and comparative species sensitivity. Progesterone had no significant effect on asexual population growth rate (r) of B. manjavacas up to 10 mg/L, however, at 14 mg/L r turned strongly negative. At 5 mg progesterone/L, resting egg production was 3.9X greater than in the control and at 10 mg/L resting egg production was 4.4X higher. Resting egg production was completely inhibited at 14 mg progesterone/L. The higher resting egg production at 10 mg/L was accomplished by a 2.2X higher rate of sexual reproduction than the control. The number of males and resting eggs produced per mictic female were not significantly different at 10 mg progesterone/L. The progesterone antagonist mifepristone at 10 mg/L had no significant effect on resting egg production, sexual reproduction rate, and males or resting eggs produced per mictic female. Exposure of males to concentrations of progesterone up to 10 mg /L for one hour had no significant effect on their circling behavior, however, exposure to 4 mg/L increased male copulation by 2.1X over the control. When females were exposed to 4 mg/L progesterone during resting egg formation, a 1.8X greater percentage of their resting eggs hatched. The enhancement of resting egg production by progesterone exposure was greater in B. manjavacas (7.8X higher than control) than B. ibericus (3.9X higher). Progesterone exposure did not enhance resting egg production in B. plicatilis or B. calyciflorus .
Abstract IA22: Targeting histone modifying enzymes in leukemia

Leukemias harboring rearrangements of the MLL gene carry a poor prognosis. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that MLL-fusion proteins induce widespread epigenetic deregulation that may mediate much of their transforming activity. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L, which methylates histone 3 on lysine 79 (H3K79), has received particular attention. Several MLL-fusion proteins physically interact with DOT1L. Genome-wide H3K79 methylation profiles in MLL-rearranged leukemias are abnormal, and can serve to distinguish MLL-rearranged from other types of leukemias. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that MLL-fusion proteins subvert a normal gene regulatory mechanism through aberrant hyperconversion of H3K79 methylation to higher methylated states at critical oncogenic targets including the HoxA cluster genes and Meis1. Remarkably, genetic inactivation or small molecule inhibition of DOT1L and thus H3K79 methylation affects expression of MLL-target loci and is detrimental to the leukemogenic activity of MLL-rearranged cells, thus demonstrating that transformation in these leukemias is driven by a DOT1L dependent, aberrant epigenetic program. Clinical trials of small molecule DOT1L inhibitors are in phase 1 clinical trials. Recent studies on the roles for DOT1L and H3K79 methylation in MLL-rearranged leukemias will be discussed. Citation Format: Scott A. Armstrong. Targeting histone modifying enzymes in leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Characterization and properties of polyethylene blends II. Linear low‐density with conventional low‐density polyethylene

Fusion et cristallisation avec l'accent sur la composition par DSC et diffusion de la lumiere
Three-Dimensional Renal Parenchymal Volume as a Surrogate for Renal Function Estimation in Obstructed Kidneys Undergoing Surgical Repair

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the relationship between renal parenchymal volume (RPV) and renal function in obstructed kidneys using a novel three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendering technique. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven consecutive patients who underwent pyeloplasty, ureteroureterostomy, or ureteroneocystostomy at a single institution between 2007 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients with preoperative CT scan and split differential functional (SDF) assessment by diuretic renography were included. Those with solitary kidneys and bilateral obstruction were excluded. Baseline serum creatinine (Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as calculated by the modification of diet in renal disease equation were determined. Percent of total RPV for the obstructed kidney was determined using 3D reconstruction software by drawing regions of interest around the borders of the kidney on CT. The renal pelvis, hilar vessels, and hilar fat were excluded. Percent of total RPV was then correlated with SDF. ...
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RESTORES CORPOREAL SMOOTH MUSCLE FUNCTION IN VITRO

Purpose: The therapeutic use of vasculogenic growth factors has been successfully demonstrated in models of organ ischemia. We determined whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) would reverse corporeal smooth muscle dysfunction in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit model of erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods: A total of 36 New Zealand White rabbits were fed a normal (12) or 1% cholesterol (24) diet and treated after 6 weeks with 0.9 mg. VEGF or vehicle. At 6 weeks 24 rabbits received a single intracavernous dose and 12 received a single intravenous bolus of either drug. Ten days after injection corporeal smooth muscle function was analyzed after relaxation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using isometric tension studies. Corporeal sections were assessed for smooth muscle content with f-actin staining and VEGF expression by immunohistochemical study and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Endothelium dependent (acetylcholine) and nitric oxide mediated (sodium nitroprusside) s...
Atomistic simulations of Bauschinger effects of metals with high angle and low angle grain boundaries

In this paper, we examined Bauschinger effects in nickel single crystals and nickel containing arrays of high angle or low angle grain boundaries under shear deformation using molecular dynamics with embedded atom method (EAM) potentials. In order to take into account dislocation nucleation under different boundary conditions and their effects on the stress–strain relationship, two limiting constraints were used to both high angle and low angle grain boundaries: fixed end on all sides and free ends on all sides. Stress–strain curves were then compared under these two boundary conditions for three cases: single crystal, high angle grain boundary arrays, and low angle grain boundary arrays. In each of the three cases, loading was reversed at different strain levels after yield and Bauschinger effects were examined on all the scenarios. The simulation results were also compared with macroscopic mechanics ideas for both high angle and low angle grain boundaries. The Bauschinger effect was found to be the largest for the case of high angle boundaries and the lowest for the single crystal. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stochastic Operating Room Scheduling for High-Volume Specialties Under Block Booking

Scheduling elective procedures in an operating suite is a formidable task because of competing performance metrics and uncertain surgery durations. In this paper, we present an optimization framework for batch scheduling within a block booking system that maximizes the expected utilization of operating room resources subject to a set of probabilistic capacity constraints. The algorithm iteratively solves a series of mixed-integer programs that are based on a normal approximation of cumulative surgery durations. This approximation is suitable for high-volume medical specialities but might not be acceptable for the specialties that perform few procedures per block. We test our approach using the data from the ophthalmology department of the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System. The performance of the schedules obtained by our approach is significantly better than schedules produced by simple heuristic scheduling rules.
117.6 Kilobit Telemetry from Mercury-A Major Deep Space Telecommunication Advance

On March 29, 1974, Mariner 10 transmitted 562 clear, sharp pictures of Mercury in real time at 117.6 kilobits per second. The methods by which large area coverage at roughly 1 km resolution was achieved are described. In particular, it is shown how link performance was effectively improved by carefully assessing picture quality and coverage versus bit rate and bit error rate. A number of improvements as compared to the 1971 Mars Orbiter, Mariner 9, are outlined.
GM Food Labeling Policies of the U.S. and Its Trading Partners

Much of the international controversy of GM foods is due to labeling policies. Countries around the wOrld have chosen differentpoliciesto label GM foods. We examinethe labeling policies of several areas: the United States, the EuropeanUnion, Australia, Japan, Canada, andChina. We discuss each country's GMlabeling policy, along with a brief history of how each countryarrived at their current policy. We conclude by discussing how different policies are due to different ethical concerns of GM foods, along with the difference in perceived risks GM foods pose to health, the environment, and trade.
Residential and job mobility: Interregional variation and their interplay in US metropolitan areas

While studies on residential and job mobility are typically conducted on a micro scale, an examination of region-wide mobility dynamics can also be meaningful, as it can reflect the importance of s...
Comparative Study on the Dynamics of Rotating Paramagnetic Particles Simulated by Particle Dynamics, Stokesian Dynamics and Lattice Boltzmann Methods

Paramagnetic particles, when subjected to external unidirectional rotating magnetic fields, form chains which rotate along with the magnetic field. In this paper three simulation methods, namely particle dynamics (PD), Stokesian dynamics (SD) and Lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods, have been used to study the dynamics of these rotating chains. SD simulations with two different levels of approximations—additivity of forces (AF) and additivity of velocities (AV)—for hydrodynamic interactions have been carried out. The effect of hydrodynamic interactions between paramagnetic particles under the effect of a rotating magnetic field is analyzed by comparing the LB & SD simulations, which include hydrodynamic interactions, with PD simulations in which hydrodynamic interactions are neglected. It has been found that for macroscopically observable properties like average chain length as a function of Mason number (Ma), reasonable agreement is found between all the three methods. For microscopic properties like the force distribution on each particle along the chain, inclusion of hydrodynamic interaction becomes important to understand the underlying physics of chain formation. This has been validated by the fact that when the phase angle is calculated as a function of Ma using PD and SD simulations, PD simulations showed higher values compared to SD simulations at lower Ma. A comparison with experimental data showed SD method to be more accurate at low Ma. Further comparison between the two approximations of SD simulations revealed that the AF method reproduces hydrodynamic interactions more accurately.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Channel of Desire: Fetal Ultrasonography in Two Use-Contexts

This article describes couples' experiences with fetal ultrasonography as a type of technology transfer. Framing information obtained from multiple interviews conducted with 62 childbearing couples within Ihde's conceptualization of a cultural hermeneutics of technology, the author argues that fetal ultrasonography has different meanings in the use-contexts of obstetric practice and parenthood. Although fetal ultrasonography is typically located in obstetric literature within the technology of prenatal diagnosis that is aimed at monitoring fetal development and detecting fetal impairments, the childbearing couples interviewed tended to locate fetal ultrasonography within the realm of parental appraisal, acquaintance, and care. The implications of these different contexts are addressed.
Stress-induced optical dichroism of V- centers in MgO

Abstract The stress-induced optical dichroism and optical absorption spectra of the V−-centers in electron irradiated MgO are reported. The dichroism spectrum can be largely attributed to a paraelastic alignment of inherently-dichroic V−-centers. A curve-fit analysis of the lower-energy portions of the dichroism and absorption spectra yields the ratio of the transition dipole strengths, D ∥ D ⊥ = 1.55 ± 0.2 , and the energy splitting, E∥ − E⊥ = 0.22 ± 0.07 eV, for light polarized parallel (∥) and perpendicular (⊥) to the defect symmetry axis. The spectra also have considerable intensity in their high-energy tails, and it is speculated that a portion of this intensity is due to the V-center. The implications of the results with regard to the electronic structure of the center are discussed.
IL-2-dependent murine T-cell lines and clones expressing gamma/delta T-cell antigen receptors. I. Functional and biochemical characterization.

We have developed two stable IL-2-dependenl T-cell lines designated AKV-I and AKV-N from the enlarged spleens, respectively, of an AKV l and an NFS mouse, Immunofluorescence staining with the appropriate monoclonal antibodies revealed that cells of the AKV-I cell line were αβJTCR-CD3+CD4- CD5- CD8+CD25+. Where as cells of the AKV-N cell line were αβTCR-CD3+CD4- CD5+ CD8-CD25+. A number of T-cell clones were developed from the AKV-1 or AKV-N T-cell lines by limiting dilution and analysed by immunofluorescence. All clones tested were αβTCR-CD3+CD4-CD25+. Certain T-cell clones expressed the CD5 antigen, whereas others expressed the CD8 antigen. The AKV-I cell line responded by proliferation lo rIL2, rlL4, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), PMA plus lL-4 and PMA plus PHA or Con A, In contrast, the AKV-N cell line did not respond to rIL-4orrIL-4plus PMA and exhibited only a modest prolifrative response lo PMA alone. Both AKV-1 and AKV-N T-cell lines as well as a large number of T-cell clones examined were able to T-cells of the PU5-1R murine cell line in the presence of the anti-CD3 (clone 145-2C11) MoAb, demonstrating their ability lo mediate cytotoxicity in this system. Biochemical analysis of both AKV tines and a number of clones by immunoprecipitation with the anti-CD3 MoAb, followed by one-dimensional (either non-reducing or reducing) or two-dimensional (non-reducing/reducing) SDS-PAGE, revealed that the AKV lines and clones expressed a disulphide-linked dimer. Under non-reducing conditions, a band in the range of 75 85 kDa was observed and upon reduction it was resolved into two discrete polypeptide chains of43-44 kDa and 48 kDa in certain AKV-I cells or 38 kDa and 42 kDa in certain AKV-N cells. In other T-cell clones or lines a broad band of42 47 kDa was observed in AKV-I cells or 38-45 kDa in AKV-N cells. These results suggest the presence of different terms of disulphide-linked dimers on these cells. Northern blotting analysis using probes specific for the constant regions of the α, βγ- and lD-chains of the T-cell antigen receptor revealed that all the AKV cell lines or clones tested expressed full-length α, γ- and lD-chain mRNA. whereas β-chain mRNA was absent. These results suggest that the AKV T-cell lines and clones express the; γlDTCR, These cells will be useful in investigating the properties of the γlD TCR and studying its diversity.
Ac impedance measurement by line-to-line injected current

Naval ship as well as aerospace power systems are incorporating a greater degree of power electronic switching sources and loads. Although these components provide exceptional performance, they are prone to instability due to their high efficiency and constant power characteristics which lead to a negative impedance nature. When designing these systems, system integrators must consider the impedance versus frequency at an interface (which designates source and load). Stability criteria have been developed in terms of source and load impedance for both dc and ac systems and it is often helpful to have techniques for impedance measurement. For dc systems, the measurement techniques have been well established. This paper introduces a new method of impedance measurement for three-phase ac systems. By injecting a line-to-line (unbalanced without zero sequence) current between two lines of the ac system, all impedance information may be determined. Since the current injection is line-to-line, the measurement device may be used for ac or dc interfaces. Simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of this new technique.
Feasibility of a reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted (rFOV) sequence in assessment of myometrial invasion in patients with clinical FIGO stage I endometrial cancer.

Purpose To compare the clinical usefulness of reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging (rFOV) with other imaging techniques in determining the depth of myometrial invasion (DMI) in endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods In this prospective study we reviewed 3T magnetic resonance images of 51 patients with clinical Stage I endometrial cancer who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salphingoopherectomy within 3 days after imaging. rFOV with apparent diffusion coefficient reconstruction was obtained in three standard planes followed by sagittal T2-weighted (T2WI) images and 3D dynamic T1-weighted and contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE MRI). Two radiologists with expertise in imaging gynecologic cancers evaluated images independently. The DMI was recorded on imaging and correlated with surgical pathology results. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for DMI were calculated ( 50%). Results Compared with sagittal T2WI + DCE MRI, rFOV imaging yielded greater specificity (82.2% vs. 90.0%, positive predictive value (42.8% vs. 60.0%), and accuracy (84.0% vs. 92%) for DMI determined by reader 1 and greater the sensitivity (83.3% vs. 100%) for DMI determined by reader 2. The error of measurement of DMI as a continuous variable in millimeters did not differ significantly between the rFOV and pathology results (P < 0.21). However, there was a statistically significant difference for the DMI measured on the dynamic sequence. The DMI on DCE was greater than that seen on pathology at P = 0.02. Conclusion rFOV can be used to assess DMI in clinical Stage I endometrial cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.
Cue-induced cigarette craving and mixed emotions: A role for positive affect in the craving process

Craving is an important component of nicotine addiction, and extant research has demonstrated a clear link between cue-induced craving and negative affect, with mixed results in the positive affect domain. The current study was designed to test the idea that cue-reactive craving might be associated with a mixed emotional process, or the simultaneous experience of positive and negative affect. Participants were 86 non-deprived regular smokers and tobacco chippers who provided simultaneous ratings of positive and negative affect during cue exposure to pleasant, unpleasant, neutral and cigarette cues. Results indicated that self-reported craving was elevated in response to cigarette cues compared to other valenced cue types and craving was higher to pleasant cues than either neutral or unpleasant cues. Mixed emotional responses were higher to cigarette cues than other cue types. In addition, mixed emotional responses to cigarette cues predicted craving even after controlling for smoker type, difficulties regulating negative emotion, baseline craving level and mixed emotional responses to neutral cues. As the first study to investigate mixed emotions and cigarette craving, our results highlight the importance of examining the relationship between cue-reactive craving and emotional response using models of emotion that allow for measurement of nuanced emotional experience. In addition, our findings suggest that positive affect processes may indeed play a role in craving among non-deprived smokers.
Tissue steroid sulfatase levels, testosterone and blood pressure

The objective of this study was to examine the response of tissue steroid sulfatase (STS) levels in hypertensive rat strains, when blood pressure (BP) was lowered by different techniques at an early age. A 4x3 factoral design was used, in which males (n=6-8) from four rat strains (WKY, SHR, SHR/a, SHR/y) at 4 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: a hydralazine group, a castration group and a control group. BP was measured by the tail cuff technique and verified by tail catheter at the end of the experiment. BP was significantly reduced by both treatments in the hypertensive strains (SHR, SHR/a, SHR/y) compared to respective control groups. At 15-17 weeks of age, animals were euthanized and heart, kidney, adrenal glands and liver were assayed for STS levels. The major trend in tissue STS was that castration significantly lowered: adrenal, heart and liver STS in specific strains. In conclusion, castration and hydralazine significantly lowered the BP in the hypertensive rat strains, but only castration consistently lowered STS levels across strains implicating testosterone as a regulator of tissue STS.
The Babies, the Representations, and the Nativist–Empiricist Bathwater. Commentary on “Stepping Off the Pendulum: Why Only an Action-Based Approach can Transcend the Nativist–Empiricist Debate” by J. Allen & M. Bickhard

Various versions of the ‘nativist–empiricist debate’ have been with us at least since John Locke formulated some of the basic principles of empiricist philosophy in the 17th century (Locke, 1690). As Allen and Bickhard suggest in their target article (this issue), empiricist and nativist perspectives have dominated the scientific landscape in pendulum-like alternation across the centuries. Most recently, from the 1970s into the present, theories and data consistent with nativism have assumed positions of prominence in the Developmental Psychology literature (Baillargeon, 1987; Meltzoff & Moore, 1977; Spelke & Kinzler, 2007; Wynn, 1992). However, for more than 50 years, several theorists have been arguing forcefully that nativism in all its variations is inherently non-developmental (Beach, 1955; Blumberg, 2005; Gottlieb, 1981; Johnston, 1987; Moore, 2001). Although there are nativists who disagree with this assessment (Carey, 2009; Spelke & Newport, 1998), the rise of nativism has been accompanied by a growing number of critics. Among these critics have been those arguing that systems theories such as Dynamic Systems Theory (Thelen & Smith, 1994), Connectionism (Elman et al., 1996), and Developmental Systems Theory (Oyama, Griffiths, & Gray, 2001; Spencer et al., 2009) can help us dispense with the nativist–empiricist debate, and thereby facilitate the study of development. I, too, believe transcendence of the nativist–empiricist debate is a worthy goal (Moore, 2001, 2009), so Allen, Bickhard, and I agree on this point. But even though achieving transcendence is likely to entail utilizing an approach similar in some ways to Allen and Bickhard’s, certain aspects of their arguments could nonetheless hinder progress toward our goal. In their introduction, Allen and Bickhard define emergent-constructivism as “the assumption that representational knowledge can be emergent in the construction of action systems” (Allen & Bickhard, this issue, p. 97). Emergence and construction are concepts that now seem likely to be essential elements of any comprehensive theory of psychological development; certainly it has become clear
Transcatheter occlusion of tortuous feeding vessel with new vascular plug in an infant with pulmonary sequestration with Scimitar syndrome

We report the case of a 9-month-old girl with a Scimitar syndrome which was feeding via an anomalous vessel dividing into three tortuous branches and supplying blood to a localized region of the right lower lobe which was successfully occluded using an Amplatzer® Vascular Plug 4 (AGA Medical, Golden Valley, MN, USA). The percutaneous procedure performed via femoral artery, provided an immediate closure of the vessel, excluding the need for surgical repair. This new device is found to be safe and effective for occlusion of the collaterals, especially large ones in pediatric ages.
Evaluation of various cottonseed products on the growth and digestibility performance in Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

Abstract Two 10-week growth trials and digestibility trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of various cottonseed products in practical diets for the Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus. In trial 1, a basal diet containing 150 g/kg of fishmeal (FM150) was modified by the iso-nitrogenous replacement of fishmeal (FM) with cold pressed cottonseed flour (CSF) resulting in diets containing 100 g/kg (FM100), 50 g/kg (FM50) and 0 g/kg (FM0) of fishmeal. To determine if lysine was limiting in the FM0 diet, two additional diets were developed using a high lysine corn protein concentrate (FM0-LCPC) or a crystalline source of lysine (FM0-CL). In trial 2, the basal diet was formulated to contain 457.0 g/kg of soybean meal (SBM) and 150 g/kg of poultry by-product meal (PBM), the other three diets were made by replacing SBM on an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic basis with varying cottonseed flours (CSF) which included cottonseed flour (CSF), gossypol-extracted cottonseed flour (ECSF), and glandless cottonseed flour (GCSF). In trial 1, results showed that the use of up to 196 g/kg of CSF with a lysine supplement does not inhibit growth performance of the fish. In trial 2, no significant differences were observed in growth performance of the fish maintained on the various diets. Although gossypol was detected in the livers of fish offered diets with gossypol, no differences were observed in the cells of the liver samples or organization of the liver cells amongst any of the treatments. After each growth trial, apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter (ADMD), energy (AED), and protein (APD) were determined for primary ingredients. In the first digestibility trial, no significant differences were observed with regard to digestibility coefficients for FM, CSF, and corn protein concentrate (CPC). In the second digestibility trial, no significant differences were observed on ADMD and AED for the ingredients GCSF, CSF, and ECSF. However, the APD values for ECSF were found to be significantly lower than those values of GCSF and CSF. Results of this study provide support that cottonseed products are acceptable for use in practical diets for Florida pompano. Statement of relevance In this study, we assessed the efficacy of various cottonseed products in practical diets for the Florida pompano. These findings will be useful because the feed producers need the growth and digestibility data of the cottonseed products as an alternative ingredient to use in the diet formulation. The conclusions in this manuscript provide valuable information which researchers and feed producers need to use the cottonseed products in diets of this species.
Oropharyngeal stenosis: A rare complication following adenotonsillectomy.

Oropharyngeal stenosis (OPS) is a narrowing of the oropharynx as a result of adhesions from the base of tongue to the anterior tonsillar pillars and inferior tonsillar fossa [1]. OPS is a rare complication of oropharyngeal surgery and can cause dysphagia, sleep disordered breathing, velopharyngeal incompetence due to tethering of the soft palate, and dyspnea. Whereas OPS occurred historically following oropharyngeal infection, the advent of antibiotic treatment for common infectious agents in the early 20th century has made OPS an extremely rare condition [1,2]. OPS has been associated with multilevel, single-stage upper airway surgery involving lingual tonsillectomy and in conjunction with nasopharyngeal stenosis [2]. OPS is mentioned historically anecdotally after simple adenotonsillectomy but to our knowledge this is the first case report of a patient who developed OPS following routine adenotonsillectomywith no other risk factors. She underwent successful surgical repair which included scar division and palatal scar lengthening with local advancement flap. This
Ionic Regulation in the Queen Conch, Strombus Gigas (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

1. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride and sulphate in the haemolymph of Strombus have been measured. Greatest differences between concentrations in haemolymph and sea water were found for bicarbonate and sulphate. 2. Haemolymph has been compared with haemolymph dialysed against sea water, and the comparison suggests that sodium, calcium, magnesium and chloride are in passive equilibrium; potassium is actively absorbed, and sulphate is actively eliminated. 3. Nernst potentials have been calculated for the measured concentration ratios of ions in haemolymph and sea water, and have been compared with the potential difference measured between haemolymph and sea water in vivo . These observations show that sodium and magnesium are in passive equilibrium; chloride is taken up actively (significant at the 5% level of probability) and potassium may be taken up actively (significant at the 10% level); calcium and sulphate are actively eliminated (significant at the 5% level). The differences between these conclusions and those derived from dialysis experiments are discussed. 4. Analyses have been made of the composition of pericardial and kidney fluid, and the rate of loss of urine has been measured. It is concluded that pericardial fluid is produced by ultrafiltration from the haemolymph; the mean rate of production of urine is low, at 11.5% of the blood volume per day (3 ml./kg./hr.), but small differences of concentration between haemolymph and sea water indicate that calcium and potassium must be lost at a relatively faster rate than other ions. 5. Analyses have been made of the composition of stomach fluid. This contains almost no sulphate or bicarbonate, but the concentrations of other ions are similar to those of haemolymph, except for calcium, which is probably derived from calcareous sand grains. The basic mechanism of formation of stomach fluid has not been explained. The rate of loss of stomach fluid to the exterior is very slow (0.10-0.16 ml./ kg./hr.), but this fluid is rinsed out of the rectum by sea water drawn in from the outside. 6. An analysis of one sample of mucus from the mantle cavity suggests that mucus glands may be responsible for the low concentration of sulphate in the haemolymph. Contribution No. 794 from the Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami.