cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Formulary Review: How Do We Integrate Pharmacogenomic Information?

OBJECTIVE: To summarize a standard formulary decision process and provide recommendations for the integration of pharmacogenomic (PGx) information within the formulary decision-making process. DATA SOURCES: With use of MEDLINE (1920-March 2010), the terms "formularies, hospital" and "pharmacogenetics" were searched in the MeSH database, yielding no results. The MeSH terms were then searched separately in addition to searching for "rational drug therapy" and "essential medicines list" through the main PubMed database. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles deemed relevant to both terms were assessed, interpreted, and incorporated as key pieces to the review of formularies and the integration of PGx information as a part of the formulary review process. The articles referenced were deemed appropriate and categorized into 5 areas: formulary management systems and pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committees, international formularies, formulary decision-making, PGx evidence, and recommendations regarding integrating PGx into formulary decision-making. DATA SYNTHESIS: The field of PGx is rapidly evolving as the evidence supporting genetically guided individualized therapy continues to grow. To bring this evidence from the bench to the bedside, institutions will need to evaluate PGx data to integrate individualized therapy into practice. Few standardized methods exist to analyze and apply clinical PGx data and incorporate the information into drug evaluation at the formulary level. Several online sites provide resources to aid in formulary review and can be used when incorporating clinically relevant PGx information into a formulary decision. In addition, there are key questions that organizations can ask as they evaluate the PGx information in each step of the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS: P&T committees should formulate a plan to integrate a search for pharmacogenomic data with each drug evaluation and integrate the results into the formulary decision process to enhance the appraisal of drug efficacy, safety, and cost.
TaylorBoost: First and second-order boosting algorithms with explicit margin control

A new family of boosting algorithms, denoted Taylor-Boost, is proposed. It supports any combination of loss function and first or second order optimization, and includes classical algorithms such as AdaBoost, Gradient-Boost, or LogitBoost as special cases. Its restriction to the set of canonical losses makes it possible to have boosting algorithms with explicit margin control. A new large family of losses with this property, based on the set of cumulative distributions of zero mean random variables, is then proposed. A novel loss function in this family, the Laplace loss, is finally derived. The combination of this loss and second order TaylorBoost produces a boosting algorithm with explicit margin control.
Natural Photoreceptors as a Source of Fluorescent Proteins, Biosensors, and Optogenetic Tools

Genetically encoded optical tools have revolutionized modern biology by allowing detection and control of biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal precision and sensitivity. Natural photoreceptors provide researchers with a vast source of molecular templates for engineering of fluorescent proteins, biosensors, and optogenetic tools. Here, we give a brief overview of natural photoreceptors and their mechanisms of action. We then discuss fluorescent proteins and biosensors developed from lightoxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domains and phytochromes, as well as their properties and applications. These fluorescent tools possess unique characteristics not achievable with green fluorescent protein–like probes, including near-infrared fluorescence, independence of oxygen, small size, and photosensitizer activity. We next provide an overview of available optogenetic tools of various origins, such as LOV and BLUF (blue-light-utilizing flavin adenine dinucleotide) domains, cryptochromes, and phytochromes, enabling control of versatile cellular processes. We analyze the principles of their function and practical requirements for use. We focus mainly on optical tools with demonstrated use beyond bacteria, with a specific emphasis on their applications in mammalian cells.
Performance of Elastomers in Isolation Bearings: A Literature Review

Abstract Laminated elastomeric bearings have been used for about 30 years in the United States to isolate bridge substructures from the lateral forces induced by shrinkage and creep of their superstructures. More recently, elastomeric bearings have been increasingly employed in buildings and bridges as a means of decoupling the structure from seismic ground motions. Since most buildings and bridges have service lives of at least 30 to 60 years, questions about the long‐term behavior of base‐isolation bearings arise. This paper presents a review of literature relating to the long term performance of the elastomers used in seismic isolation bearings. Bearing performance requirements are discussed and material characteristics and fabrication procedures are outlined. Field experience and laboratory findings are reviewed. Finally, long‐term environmental effects are discussed, including ozone degradation, corrosion, temperature effects, and the influence of bombardment of elastomers by high energy radiation.
Ubiquitin-Like Proteins

The eukaryotic ubiquitin family encompasses nearly 20 proteins that are involved in the posttranslational modification of various macromolecules. The ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) that are part of this family adopt the β-grasp fold that is characteristic of its founding member ubiquitin (Ub). Although structurally related, UBLs regulate a strikingly diverse set of cellular processes, including nuclear transport, proteolysis, translation, autophagy, and antiviral pathways. New UBL substrates continue to be identified and further expand the functional diversity of UBL pathways in cellular homeostasis and physiology. Here, we review recent findings on such novel substrates, mechanisms, and functions of UBLs.
Probabilistic Lane Estimation using Basis Curves

Lane estimation for autonomous driving can be formulated as a curve estimation problem, where local sensor data provides partial and noisy observations of spatial curves. The number of curves to estimate may be initially unknown and many of the observations may be outliers or false detections (due e.g. to to tree shadows or lens flare). The challenges lie in detecting lanes when and where they exist, and updating lane estimates as new observations are made. This paper describes an efficient probabilistic lane estimation algorithm based on a novel curve representation. The key advance is a principled mechanism to describe many similar curves as variations of a single basis curve. Locally observed road paint and curb features are then fused to detect and estimate all nearby travel lanes. The system handles roads with complex geometries and makes no assumptions about the position and orientation of the vehicle with respect to the roadway. We evaluate our algorithm with a ground truth dataset containing manually-labeled, fine-grained lane geometries for vehicle travel in two large and diverse datasets that include more than 300,000 images and 44 km of roadway. The results illustrate the capabilities of our algorithm for robust lane estimation in the face of challenging conditions and unknown roadways.
Delayed Orchiectomy After Chemotherapy for Metastatic Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

AbstractPurpose: We reviewed current experience at our university with delayed orchiectomy after chemotherapy in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 160 patients with metastatic germ cell cancer who were given systemic chemotherapy, and subsequently underwent orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.Results: Analysis of 160 testicular specimens revealed necrosis or scar in 70 (43.7 percent), pure teratoma in 50 (31.2 percent) and persistent germ cell cancer in 40 (25 percent). Corresponding incidences of histopathological findings in the post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens were significantly different, correlating with less than half of the cases (chi-square, p = 0.002).Conclusions: Our study confirms the need for delayed orchiectomy after systemic chemotherapy even when there seems to be a partial or complete clinical response at other sites.
Increased Presence of T Lymphocytes in Central Nervous System of EPM Affected Horses

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by Sarcocystis neurona infection in the central nervous system (CNS), affects up to 1% of all horses during their lifetimes. Neither the protective immune response nor the immunopathology associated with the disease is well understood. To begin to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease, immunohistochemical staining for B and T lymphocytes was performed on spinal cord sections obtained from 17 horses, all of which were all positive for S. neurona based on immunohistochemical staining. Fifteen of the 17 horses included in the study were killed due to neurologic dysfunction; 2 of the 17 horses were killed because of fractures. All 17 horses had histologic changes consistent with S. neurona infection. A significantly greater number of T cells were seen in sections from S. neurona-infected versus control horses. Because this was a small descriptive study, we were not able to determine the mechanisms of enhanced T-cell recruitment in the sections from the S. neu...
Effect of element errors on half-power beamwidth of the Capon adaptive beamformer

The Capon beamformer can perform accurate bearing estimation by taking advantage of the fact that for high input signal-to-noise ratios, the "adaptive beamwidth" is much narrower than the classical Rayleigh limit. This paper studies the effect of random antenna element errors on this adaptive beamwidth. The imperfections considered are amplitude and phase errors which are constant during the period of adaptation. With a single input point-source signal, it is shown that the Capon beamformer half-power beamwidth is degraded by array aberrations, but it is still several times better than that of conventional nonadaptive delay-and-sum beamformers, provided the input signal-to-noise ratio is 0 dB or higher. A simple scalar formula is derived to predict the Capon half-power beamwidth in the presence of element errors for uniformly spaced line arrays, and computer simulation data are presented to verify its accuracy to within 4 percent.
Analysis of system dynamics after saddle-node bifurcations for general nonlinear systems with unmodelled dynamics

The problem of losing the stability of equilibrium points of general nonlinear autonomous dynamical systems due to a single parameter associated with the saddle-node bifurcations is considered. The cases when some of the state variables are assumed to be fixed at the bifurcation or under the effect of small changes are analyzed. It is shown analytically that under some conditions saddle-node bifurcations are persistent with regular or singular perturbations of the vector field. It is also shown that the dynamics after the bifurcation can be identified and easily described. >
Electrophoretic Deposition of Substrate-Normal-Oriented Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Structures

A self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) structures oriented normal to the substrate was achieved by electrophoretic deposition. SWNT ropes were anodically deposited from an n,n-dimethylformamide dispersion onto an aluminum substrate precoated with tin oxide/hydroxide. The resulting SWNT structures are 200-500 nm diameter, 5-10 μm long, with a few protruding individual SWNT ropes. Heat-treatment increased the conductivity of the precoat, making this deposition system suitable for field emission applications.
The What Works Clearinghouse Single-Case Design Pilot Standards Who Will Guard the Guards?

In this article, we respond to Wolery’s critique of the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) pilot Standards, which were developed by the current authors. We do so to provide additional information and clarify some points previously summarized in this journal. We also respond to several concerns raised by Maggin, Briesch, and Chafouleas after they applied the Standards to a single-case design synthesis published in this journal. The overall purpose of this response is to clarify what the Standards are designed to accomplish and to offer our views about future revisions.
Affinity of lead for noble metals on different supports

Direct association of lead compounds with Pt, Pd and Rh sputtered onto ZrO2, TiO2 and Al2O3 wafer supports was observed. The samples were exposed to combustion products of iso-octane containing 1.5 g Pb gal−1 as Motor Mix, 0.8 mg P gal−1 and 0.03 wt% S at 700°C in an overall lean exhaust; however, the samples experienced alternating rich and lean exhaust pulses. A semi-quantitative electron microprobe study showed that the association of lead compounds to the surface of Pt, Pd and Rh was at least 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher compared to the amount found on the supports. On Pt lead was present predominantly as PbSO4, on Rh as PbO or Pb metal, and as solid solution in Pd. These large differences in the form of Pb compounds could explain the known fact that Pd and Rh are more sensitive to Pb poisoning than Pt. The higher activity of Pt in catalyzing the oxidation of SO2 to SO3 results in the formation of stable but inert PbSO4 on Pt. On the other hand, Rh and Pd are poor catalysts for SO2 oxidation and therefore Pb remains as PbO or Pb on Rh and forms PdPb solid solutions with Pd. In both cases (Pd and Rh) the active sites for catalytic reactions are poisoned. Halide-containing lead species were more specific than volatile PbO in poisoning noble metals as indicated by various independent experimental observations.
A VH Region Synthetic Peptide Induces Antibodies Which Bind Native Immunoglobulins and Augment an Immune Response to Antigen

The BALB/c myeloma protein ABPC48 (A48) binds the polysaccharide bacterial levan; its Vh is encoded by a gene derived from the VhX24 family. This antibody has been shown to crossreact idiotypically with the phosphorylcholine-binding BALB/c myeloma protein MOPC167 whose Vh shares homology with A48 from residues 32–44. We have synthesized a peptide corresponding to residues 32–44 of the Vh encoded by a germline gene of the VhX24 family. Anti-peptide antisera from rabbits were purified by affinity chromatography with peptide or intact antibody. Several myeloma proteins and monoclonal antibodies with varying degrees of homology to the peptide have been analyzed for reactivity with purified rabbit antibodies in solid-phase RIA. We observed that the specificities within rabbit antisera are heterogeneous, and that purification with antibody versus peptide yields preparations containing different specificities, albeit demonstrably peptide-related. We also show that injection of mice at birth with small amounts of purified rabbit antibodies can affect the magnitude of the response to bacterial levan and the expression of A48 idiotopes in that response.
Corruption, Anticorruption, and the Transformation of Political Culture in Contemporary China

Since its inception three years ago, Xi Jinping's anticorruption campaign has targeted some of China's biggest political and military figures and implicated tens of thousands of cadres. This article argues that the current campaign can be distinguished from the many others over the past thirty years not on account of its extensiveness, but rather in its systematic coupling with two other key moves: administrative reform and disciplinary regulation. Together, these three initiatives aim not only to clean up the malfeasance, graft, and bribery pervasive in Chinese political life today, but also to change the political culture. We demonstrate that the current leadership is forcing a shift in political norms and behaviors, and changing the shared assumptions and practices that inform the political dealings of the society, from the approval of permits to the promotion of judges.
Lead-Free Solder for Assembly of Thick-Film Hybrid Modules for Use in High-Temperature Applications

High lead solders have long been used for the assembly of underhood automotive thick-film hybrid modules. With the move to lead-free solders in the electronics industry, there is an increasing interest in alternatives to high lead solders in these applications. A AgBiX solder paste has been evaluated for SiC die and resistor attach for 200 °C applications in vehicles. Die attached to thick-film Ag metallized substrates showed no degradation in shear strength after 2000-h aging at 20 °C, while die attached to PdAg thick-film metallization exhibited a decrease in shear strength of $\sim 30$ %. After 2000-h aging at 200 °C, chip resistors showed a decrease in shear force at fracture of $\sim 44$ % and 60% for assembly on thick-film Ag and thick-film PdAg, respectively.
Correlation between Word Association Strength and Associative Overlap

Two measures of natural, or pre-experimental, language habits which have received considerable attention in the recent verbal learning literature may be described as word association strength (Russell & Jenkins, 1954) and associative overlap (Deese, 1962). The two indices have seldom been compared. The intent of the present srudy was to determine the gross relationship between them by correlaring values obtained with the two techniques across a large number of word pairs. 128 word pairs were drawn from a large body of normative associative overlap data in preparation by the authors. The assessment technique employed in the collection of this normative data is fully described by Garskof and Houston (1963). Briefly, associarive overlap increases ar; the number and strength of common word associates increases. The 128 word pairs chosen for the present study represented a wide range of overlap values. 38 Michigan undergraduates associated to the words which comprised the 128 pairs in a standard word association task. The sum of the numbers of times the members of a given pair evoked each other in the association task was taken as the word-association value for that pair. These 128 sums, or the association values, were correlated with the 128 overlap values obtained from the normative overlap data. The Pearson productmoment correlation was .59 (p < .01), indicating a significant positive relationship between word association strength and associative overlap. Care should be taken in interpreting this result. The correlation does nor suggest that the two indices reflect the same underlying process. In fact, there is some evidence for the conclusion that the two techniques measure relationships which can operate independently (Garskof, Houston, & Ehrlich, in press; Houston & Garskof, 1963). The positive correlation merely implies that the words which evoke each other also tend to elicit common associates. This result argues for the gross co-variation of associative strength and associative overlap but not for their identity.
Unusual toxicities with TNF inhibition: heart failure and drug-induced lupus

Serious and unexpected adverse events, such as heart failure and drug-induced lupus, have been reported in patients receiving TNF inhibitor therapy. These events generally are easily recognizable, although they cannot be predicted nor avoided, other than by drug avoidance altogether Many patients have great benefit from anti-TNF therapies. Their intelligent use requires a firm understanding of these rare toxicities, so as to minimize the morbidity associated with their uncommon occurrence.
Coincidental and Contrived Dates in Gravity's Rainbow

Gravity's Rainbow gives some prominence to the year of Pynchon's birth, 1937. Pokler reminisces about the building of "Pennemunde in 1937" (Viking, 404), and a 11137 Ford" is mentioned three times (644-45). We may recall that V. was published in 1963, The Crying of Lot 49 in 1900, and Gravity's Rainbow in-1973; the separation between first and second novels is three years, between second and third novels seven years. Pynchon is equally adept with his birth year's obverse, the number 73. It marks the publication year as well as the number of "chapters" (or fi1m clips) in Gravity's Rainbow. Pynchon's birthday, May 8, also comes in for coincidental play. For example, V-E Day, marking the surrender of Germany, was May 8, 1945, Pynchon's eighth birthday. In addition, Pynchon's birthday is the birthday "of that President Truman" (382), whom Slothrop hopes to catch a glimpse of at Potsdam.
Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere: Search for life

The possibility of current (extant) or past (extinct) life on Mars has been of interest for centuries. Percival Lowell's early ideas of intelligent life forms who engineered an elaborate canal system have been disproved, but the question of whether microbial life exists or has existed on Mars remains an area of intense debate. The question of martian life is one of the driving forces behind the continuing exploration of the planet. Martian conditions relevant to biology Surface conditions on present-day Mars are extremely inhospitable to terrestrial life forms (Clark, 1998). The thin CO 2 atmosphere is inefficient at retaining daytime solar heating, resulting in a temperature range of 130–250 K with an average temperature of 240 K. No evidence of biologic replication has been observed in terrestrial organisms at temperatures et al ., 2006). The low temperatures and low atmospheric pressure at the surface prevent liquid water from existing for extended periods of time. Terrestrial life forms require water for survival, so the lack of liquid water on Mars is a major deterrent to life on the surface. The thin martian atmosphere and the lack of a present-day magnetic field allow harmful radiation to penetrate to the surface (except perhaps in regions where rocks retain strong remnant magnetization [Alves and Baptista, 2004]). Odyssey's MARIE instrument (Badhwar, 2004) measured the radiation environment above the martian atmosphere until October 2003 when particles from a large solar flare caused it to cease functioning.
Receptors and Second Messengers in the Basal Ganglia

Second messenger pathways link an extracellular signal (ie, first messenger) that activates a receptor to an intracellular response such as a change in membrane potential or gene expression. Despite the diverse range of neurotransmitter receptors, many components of receptor-activated second messenger pathways overlap and take part in complex, seemingly indiscriminate signaling networks. However, interactions are in fact highly specific, with specificity conferred by (1) the location of receptors within a particular brain area, cell type, and subcellular space; (2) the synergistic interaction among receptors; and (3) the interaction with anchoring and scaffolding proteins. Kinases and phosphatases anchored in close vicinity to receptors modulate the activity of neighboring substrate proteins. Duration of stimuli and second messenger activity, together with the subcellular location of second messengers, allows for additional outcome specificity. Thus, although many signaling pathways share common effectors, a relatively small number of substrates can create a diverse range of responses. Here we will examine the conventional second messenger pathways of the basal ganglia (BG) represented by 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphoinositide metabolism, calcium, and receptor tyrosine kinases, and the main receptors of the BG associated with them. We will provide examples of interactions between these pathways and discuss novel insights into intracellular signaling mechanisms.
Bioinformatics and Precision Medicine

Abstract Medicine is in the midst of becoming a full-fledged information science. From the first practices of humorism to contemporary uses of genomic sequencing to tailor anticancer therapy, clinical practice and research have been shaped by tectonic shifts in the demand for storing, retrieving, and analyzing data. The manipulation of large-scale data is a defining feature of precision medicine, a movement to individualize diagnosis and therapy catalyzed in early 2015 by President Obama, with similar efforts taking place worldwide. In this chapter, we review the intellectual foundations of precision medicine from nosology to human genetics, the central role that bioinformatics has played, and how progress might be accelerated in the era of citizen science, where the general public is increasingly interacting with heterogeneous streams of personal and public data.
Assays Used in the Study of Sperm Nuclear Proteins

Male factor infertility is a complex, multifactorial disease with over 2/3 of the cases being classified idiopathic. The idiopathic category of infertile males includes men who have compromised testicular function resulting in mature sperm with decreased functional parameters. One well established correlate to decreased sperm function is altered protamination in the mature, ejaculated sperm. The process of protamination involves an elegant interplay of several proteins: histones (both canonical and testis-­specific), transition proteins, and protamines. Each of these proteins work in concert to ensure that chromatin is packaged efficiently and stably to facilitate normal sperm motility and fertilization, and ultimately, to be able to contribute the paternal genome to the embryo. A developing area of interest in the field of sperm chromatin compaction is elucidating how protamination and retained histones affect the epigenetic status of the mature sperm. Nucleoprotein assays can be broken down into two main categories: assays that involve protein isolation and quantification techniques, and assays that involve in situ staining of nuclear proteins, which are ­discussed in this chapter.
Local contextual trajectory estimation with demonstration for assisting mobile robot teleoperation

We focus on assisting mobile robot teleoperation in a task-appropriate way, where we model the user intention as an action primitive to perform a contextual task, e.g. doorway crossing and object inspection, and provide motion assistance according to the task recognition. This paper contributes to formulating motion assistance in a data-driven manner. With the motion clusters obtained in our previous report [1], we apply a fast online Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMR) approach to the most probable motion cluster classified during operation, to estimate the local trajectory the human user intends to follow in the short term for the corresponding task execution with the recognized contextual information. To regulate the estimation accuracy, we compute the Mahalanobis distance of each estimated trajectory way point. By thresholding the distance, we can achieve the trajectory estimation within a pre-defined tolerance bound regarding the regression outliers. The experimental results from both the qualitative and quantitative tests using the real data confirmed the effectiveness and real-time performance of the proposed approach.
Missed Opportunities in Preventing Hospital Readmissions: Redesigning Post-Discharge Checkup Policies

Hospital readmissions affect hundreds of thousands of patients every year, negatively impacting patients and placing a tremendous burden on the national healthcare system. Post‐discharge checkup policies can reduce readmissions through early detection of health conditions, however, the methods behind designing effective checkup policies are poorly understood. Under current practice, up to 67% of readmitted patients return to the hospital before their first scheduled office visit. This work aims to develop effective checkup plans to monitor patients following hospital discharge, using a variety of checkup methods, including phone calls and office visits. We develop and analyze a new delay‐time analysis model to identify the optimal type and timing of checkups to implement post‐discharge monitoring plans. By analyzing the structure of optimal policies, we develop checkup schedules that can detect up to 43.7% more readmission‐causing conditions experienced by readmission‐bound patients. Further, we uncover simple rules of thumb that can help doctors design and improve monitoring plans even in the absence of advanced computer software or complex computations.
Current knowledge and future research directions to link soil health and water conservation in the Ogallala Aquifer region

Abstract The Ogallala Aquifer is one of the largest freshwater aquifers in the world. It acts as a valuable resource in agriculture, animal production, and public water supplies across eight Great Plains states. However, with high irrigation demand, low recharge rates across most of the region, and extreme climate variability, the Ogallala Aquifer has become an exhaustible resource. Some areas of the Ogallala Aquifer region (OAR) are challenged with the transition of irrigated crop systems to dryland production and how to select sustainable management practices to conserve water and soil health. The main goal of this review is to identify the role of soil health in adapting to extreme climate variability with reduced irrigated water. We will describe the OAR, define roles of microorganisms and soil organic matter (SOM) in soil health, outline potential soil health indicators and common methodology, and discuss the importance of soil health assessments and management challenges facing the OAR. Information on this arid to semiarid region will aid in future soil health assessments in regions facing similar challenges.
Symptoms elicited in persons with vestibular dysfunction while performing gaze movements in optic flow environments

INTRODUCTION People with vestibular disorders often experience space and motion discomfort when exposed to moving or highly textured visual scenes. The purpose of this study was to measure the type and severity of symptoms in people with vestibular dysfunction during coordinated head and eye movements in optic flow environments. METHODS Seven subjects with vestibular disorders and 25 controls viewed four different full-field optic flow environments on six different visits. The optic flow environments consisted of textures with various contrasts and spatial frequencies. Subjects performed 8 gaze movement tasks, including eye saccades, gaze saccades, and gaze stabilization tasks. Subjects reported symptoms using Subjective Units of Discomfort (SUD) and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Self-reported dizziness handicap and space and motion discomfort were also measured. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Subjects with vestibular disorders had significantly greater discomfort, oculomotor and disorientation symptoms, with some amount of symptoms in 55-60% of the trials, compared with control subjects, who had symptoms in less than 20% of the trials. The magnitude of the symptoms increased during each visit, but did not depend on the optic flow condition. Subjects who reported greater dizziness handicap and space and motion discomfort had greater severity of symptoms during the experiment (Spearman rho > 0.78). Compared with controls, subjects with vestibular disorders had about 10 deg less head excursion during the gaze saccade tasks. Overall, performance of gaze pursuit and gaze stabilization tasks in moving visual environments elicited greater symptoms in subjects with vestibular disorders compared with healthy subjects.
The Effects of Composition and Temperature on the Dislocation Structure of Cyclically Deformed Ti-Al Alloys

ABSTRACT The role of alloy composition and test temperature on the cyclic deformation behavior of hcp Ti-Al alloys has been studied in Ti-4 and 8wt%Al alloys. At room temperature it is seen that the Ti-4A1 alloy forms cells, whereas the Ti-8A1 alloy forms localized shear bands. At 300°C this tendency persists, whereas at 550°C both alloys tend to form tangles. Helices and multi-poles are especially prevalent in the Ti-8A1. The origins of these variations in structure are qualitatively accounted for by the presence of Short Range Order in the Ti-8A1 alloy.
Nonlinear Problems: Fluid Dynamics

Nonlinear initial-value problems are mostly unexplored. The linear problems in the preceding chapters are generally all special cases of nonlinear ones or become nonlinear when interactions are taken into account. Acoustics becomes fluid dynamics when the amplitudes are finite; Maxwell’s equations and the Dirac equation yield a nonlinear system when the coupling between them is included (see Gross 1966). The new phenomena that appear in nonlinear problems are many and varied. In this chapter, a few of these new phenomena are described, in connection with fluid dynamics. The main conclusion is that some sort of piecewise analytic formulation is needed; the details of such a formulation are likely to remain unclear until much more theoretical work has been done.
Global History: Traditions, Innovations, Debates

The present volume provides a thoughtful, stimulating and soundly researched guide to global history: its inception, guiding precepts and approaches as well as its response to contemporary cultural...
IMMUNE RESPONSES TO INFLUENZA VIRUS IN GUINEA PIGS, MICE AND HAMSTERS

ABSTRACT Human influenza virus PR/8/34, was inoculated into the lungs of guinea pigs, mice and hamsters. Whereas .026 hemagglutinating units (HAU) of the virus was lethal to mice, 256 HAU were tolerated by guinea pigs and hamsters. Guinea pigs remained clinically free of disease. Hamsters became ill but survived. Morphologic studies of the lungs of hamsters and mice with influenza infection demonstrated similarities to histologic changes seen in lungs from humans with influenza pneumonia. The kinetics of both cell mediated (thymus derived lymphocyte, B-cell) responses were studied in a variety of lymphoid tissue. T cell responses (3H-TdR incorporation) were widely disseminated throughout the animals' lymphoid tissue as early as one week. Antibody forming cell responses (Jerne plaque) appeared restricted to the draining lymph nodes (hilar). In the hamster, the quality of the T-cell response varied with the strain of hamster used in the experiment. The serum antibody (hemagglutination inhibition) and antibody forming cell response in the guinea pig and hamster appeared to be dependent on the viability of the virus inoculum. Inactivated virus was incapable of stimulating an antibody forming cell response, was markedly less capable than live virus for stimulating serum antibody, but was adequate for stimulating T cells to proliferate. These studies demonstrate that the hamster and the guinea pig are useful for the study of immune responses to antigens inoculated into the lungs as well as providing a model for the study of influenza pneumonia.
A network social interaction model with heterogeneous links

Abstract This article studies a network social interaction model with heterogeneous links. We show that the endogenous and exogenous social interaction effects as well as the strength of network links are identified under some mild conditions. We adopt the nonlinear least squares method to estimate the unknown parameters using data of a single network. We also investigate the finite sample performance of the estimation method through Monte Carlo simulations and apply the model to analyze an online social network.
The Impact of Integrated Psychiatric Care on Hospital Medicine Length of Stay: A Pre-Post Intervention Design With a Simultaneous Usual Care Comparison

Background Psychiatric comorbidity is highly prevalent in general medicine inpatient settings and is associated with increased duration and cost of hospitalization. Objective To evaluate the impact of integrated, proactive psychiatric care on hospital medicine length of stay (LOS), expanding upon methods from earlier studies. Methods A full-time psychiatrist was dedicated to a single hospital medicine unit to focus on early case finding and intensified treatment, interdisciplinary communication, and discharge planning. To a pre-post intervention design, we added a simultaneous usual care comparison. We also added adjustments for age, sex, insurance type, and whether the patient was discharged home or to a facility. We included a sensitivity analysis to remove outliers for whom LOS was ≤30 days. Results Statistically significant differences in LOS occurred on the pilot unit in the pre-post analysis (−1.66 d, P = 0.04) and on the pilot versus control units in the intervention year (−1.91 d, P = 0.003). The differential pre-post change in LOS on the pilot versus control units revealed a positive trend but was not statistically significant (−1.59 d, P = 0.14). This more rigorous test approached statistical significance when patients with LOS >30 days were excluded (−1.15 d, P = 0.07). Conclusion This analysis strengthens existing evidence that dedicated, proactive psychiatric services integrated into hospital medicine units lower LOS more than does usual psychiatric consultation upon request, particularly in patients with an LOS ≤30 days.
The Correlation of Topographically-Derived Relative Wetness with Terrestrial Mollusk Presence and Abundance

Many species of terrestrial mollusks are small and difficult to find, with poorly known ranges and habitat preferences. Because desiccation is a primary cause of mortality for many terrestrial mollusks, incorporating wetness as a habitat variable may improve survey results for different species. We compared presence and abundance data from terrestrial mollusk surveys in Tillamook Resource Area to two measures of relative wetness: topographic wetness index (TWI) and geomorphic features (landslides, debris-flow channels, etc.). Hurdle Model regression revealed a positive correlation between increased TWI and likelihood of presence or abundance for four species, and a negative correlation for six species. Overall species diversity and total mollusk count were negatively correlated with increased TWI, but the effect size was small (p = 0.02, R2= -0.03). Our Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of Variance of TWI between species was significant (p < 0.001), indicating terrestrial mollusks occupy significantly different wetness regimes – but this relationship was driven entirely by the wetness specialization of Hemphillia glandulosa. Our chi-square analysis of topographic features found significant preferences of different species for different topographic types, which correlated loosely but not precisely to the preferences indicated by TWI. These results show that altering current terrestrial mollusk survey protocol to include geomorphic features, which are simpler and less time-intensive than calculating TWI, would increase detection likelihood of certain species, including Hemphillia glandulosa, a species protected under the Survey and Manage guidelines of the Northwest Forest Plan.
Transferrin Type and Milk Yield in Dairy Cattle

Production data for 932 lactations from approximately 460 cows from eight herds in Northern N.S.W., Australia for the years 1963 and 1964 were examined in relation to serum transferrin type. The mean milk yield of A/D2 cows was 151 ±72 lb (P < 0.05) more than that of the A/A cows, and they lactated 7.4±3.7 days (P < 0.05) longer. The mean yield of D2/D2 cows was 521 ±152 lb (P < 0,001) more than the A/A cows.
A batty concept goes viral.

A field test suggests that orally ingestible, spreadable vaccines to combat rabies will transmit widely among vampire bats in the wild, offering a more humane — and effective — alternative to the bat culling practiced throughout Latin America today.
Graph biased feature selection of genes is better than random for many genes

Recent work suggests that gene expression dependencies can be predicted almost as well by using random networks as by using experimentally derived interaction networks. We hypothesize that this effect is highly variable across genes, as useful and robust experimental evidence exists for some genes but not others. To explore this variation, we take the k-core decomposition of the STRING network, and compare it to a degree-matched random model. We show that when low-degree nodes are removed, expression dependencies in the remaining genes can be predicted better by the resulting network than by the random model.
The Role of Neuregulin and Stem Cells as Therapy Post-Myocardial Infarction.

Coronary artery disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Due to the limited self-renewal capacity of cardiac tissue, MIs ca...
E-026 Around the blind corner of the mouth: a glide-scope directed access to oropharyngeal venolymphatic malformations

Introduction/Purpose Low flow vascular malformations can present anywhere in the body with high prevalence in the head and neck region. Locations in the oropharynx at the base of the tongue or peritonsillar space can complicate percutaneous sclerosant application for minimally invasive treatment of symptomatic lesions. Both anterior transfacial and posterior transcondylar approaches can be limited by a small working window of access to the lesion with potential high risk complication to adjacent surrounding sensitive organs and major vasculatures. Thus, limited visibility for direct percutaneous access into low flow vascular malformation in the oropharynx may exclude a large population of patients to an alternative option to treatment other than surgery. Thus, the purpose of our study is to describe a novel approach using the Glide-Scope, a commonly use device during difficult airway intubation, for access into otherwise difficult and often out of reach low flow vascular malformation in the oropharyngeal space. Materials/Methods Single center retrospective review of 4 cases of oropharyngeal venolympathic malformation, 3 of which utilized a combined Glide-Scope directed and fluoroscopic guided sclerotherapy technique while the remaining were performed via the transfacial or transcondylar approach. Results Please see table 1. Conclusion Symptomatic low flow oropharyngeal vascular malformations can can be technically challenge during initial access for percutaneous sclerotherapy. Our single center retrospective experience reviewed 4 cases, 3 of which were via a novel approach in gaining direct access into oropharyngeal venolymphatic malformations utilizing a video assisted Glide-Scope. We demonstrate high technical success, reduced fluoroscopic and procedural time, and excellent patient response. Disclosures T. Le: None. T. Akinpelu: None. D. Hallam: None. S. Vaidya: None. B. Ghodke: None.
Enhancing suicide prevention outreach via mobile-enabled website design.

Online outreach campaigns are a potential public health method for reaching service members at risk for suicide. The Real Warriors Campaign website underwent a full redesign in 2019 to enhance its ability to provide crisis resources and increase engagement by adopting a mobile-first strategy and implementing a responsive framework, meaning the site renders properly on all devices, including desktop, tablets, and mobile. Usability testing with end-user service members led to several innovations on the website, including a one-click banner that directly linked users on their mobile phones to crisis resources, the redesign of menus and content to better display on mobile devices, and promoting use of website resources through gateway topics. Comparing the 6 months before and after the mobile redesign showed significant increases in new mobile users, pages viewed on mobile devices, and new users coming to the site through social media. There was also a significant increase in specific help-seeking actions by users, including use of referral links and live chat, as well as 200 individuals accessing crisis phone lines through new one-click dialing banners. Suicide prevention campaigns should continue to optimize their online presence to reach groups at risk. This study of the website redesign from the Real Warriors Campaign illustrates several best practices in digital outreach as applied to suicide prevention, including leveraging usability testing, synching outreach material with social media, and ensuring mobile compatibility.
Telomere erosion in human pluripotent stem cells leads to ATR-mediated mitotic catastrophe

It is well established that short telomeres activate an ATM-driven DNA damage response that leads to senescence in terminally differentiated cells. However, technical limitations have hampered our understanding of how telomere shortening is signaled in human stem cells. Here, we show that telomere attrition induces ssDNA accumulation (G-strand) at telomeres in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), but not in their differentiated progeny. This led to a unique role for ATR in the response of hPSCs to telomere shortening that culminated in an extended S/G2 cell cycle phase and a longer period of mitosis, which was associated with aneuploidy and mitotic catastrophe. Loss of p53 increased resistance to death, at the expense of increased mitotic abnormalities in hPSCs. Taken together, our data reveal an unexpected dominant role of ATR in hPSCs, combined with unique cell cycle abnormalities and, ultimately, consequences distinct from those observed in their isogenic differentiated counterparts.
Making the Ancestors Proud: : Healing the Pain and Hiding the Shame in the Academy

This article incorporates experimental writing which combines interior monologue written in Trinidadian Creole and Standard English. As importantly, the article explores personal experiences and responses to issues of assessment, promotion and tenure in an American university within the larger context of the relevant literature.
The dignity of older individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: A scoping review:

BackgroundSupporting human dignity is the essence of delivery of care. Dignity is one’s sense of self-value that is influenced by the perceived value attributed to the individual from others. Indiv...
Impact of machine learning-directed on-treatment evaluations on cost of acute care visits: Economic analysis of SHIELD-RT.

1509Background: SHIELD-RT was a randomized controlled quality improvement study (NCT03775265) that implemented electronic health record-based machine learning (ML) to direct supplemental visits for...
Ketamine induces EEG oscillations that may aid anesthetic state but not dissociation monitoring.

Abstract Objective Ketamine is an anesthetic drug associated with dissociation. Decreased electroencephalogram alpha (8–13 Hz) and low-beta (13–20 Hz) oscillation power have been associated with ketamine-induced dissociation. We aimed to characterize surface electroencephalogram signatures that may serve as biomarkers for dissociation. Methods We analyzed data from a single-site, open-label, high-density surface electroencephalogram study of ketamine anesthesia (2 mg/kg, n = 15). We assessed dissociation longitudinally using the Clinician Administered Dissociation States Scale (CADSS) and administered midazolam to attenuate dissociation and enable causal inference. We analyzed electroencephalogram power and global coherence with multitaper spectral methods. Mixed effects models were used to assess whether power and global coherence signatures of ketamine could be developed into dissociation-specific biomarkers. Results Compared to baseline, ketamine unresponsiveness was associated with increased frontal power between 0.5 to 9.3 Hz, 12.2 to 16.6 Hz, and 24.4 to 50 Hz. As subjects transitioned into a responsive but dissociated state (mean CADSS ± SD, 22.1 ± 17), there was a decrease in power between 0.5 to 10.3 Hz and 11.7 to 50 Hz. Midazolam reduced dissociation scores (14.3 ± 11.6), decreased power between 4.4 to 11.7 Hz and increased power between 14.2 to 50 Hz. Our mixed-effects model demonstrated a quadratic relationship between time and CADSS scores. When models (frontal power, occipital power, global coherence) were reanalyzed with midazolam and electroencephalogram features as covariates, only midazolam was retained. Conclusions Ketamine is associated with structured electroencephalogram power and global coherence signatures that may enable principled anesthetic state but not dissociation monitoring. Significance A neurophysiological biomarker for dissociation may lead to a better understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.