cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examination of Nutrition Literacy and Quality of Self-monitoring in Behavioral Weight Loss

Background Few have examined nutrition literacy (i.e., capacity to process and make informed nutritional decisions) in behavioral weight loss. Nutrition literacy (NL) may impact necessary skills for weight loss, contributing to outcome disparities. Purpose The study sets out to identify correlates of NL; evaluate whether NL predicted weight loss, food record completion and quality, and session attendance; and investigate whether the relations of race and education to weight loss were mediated by NL and self-monitoring. Methods This is a secondary analysis of 6-month behavioral weight loss program in which overweight/obese adults (N = 320) completed a baseline measure of NL (i.e., Newest Vital Sign). Participants self-monitored caloric intake via food records. Results NL was lower for black participants (p 0.05). Black participants had lower NL, which was associated with poorer food record quality, which adversely affected weight loss. There was no indirect effect of education on weight loss through NL and food record quality. Conclusions Overall, results suggest that lower NL is problematic for weight loss. For black participants, NL may indirectly impact weight loss through quality of self-monitoring. This might be one explanation for poorer behavioral weight loss outcomes among black participants. Additional research should investigate whether addressing these skills through enhanced treatment improves outcomes. Clinical trial information NCT02363010.
Correction to: PML: Regulation and multifaceted function beyond tumor suppression.

In the publication of this article [1], there is an error in Table 3. The position of the black arrow and the terms CBP, Cdk1/2 and STAT3 of Table 3 were placed incorrectly in the online version while these were placed correctly in the PDF.
Neuronal activity regulates neurotransmitter switching in the adult brain following light-induced stress

Neurotransmitter switching in the adult mammalian brain occurs following photoperiod-induced stress, but the mechanism of regulation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elevated activity of dopaminergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PaVN) in the adult rat is required for the loss of dopamine expression after long-day photoperiod exposure. The transmitter switch occurs exclusively in PaVN dopaminergic neurons that coexpress vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), is accompanied by a loss of dopamine type 2 receptors (D2Rs) on corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons, and can lead to increased release of CRF. Suppressing activity of all PaVN glutamatergic neurons decreases the number of inhibitory PaVN dopaminergic neurons, indicating homeostatic regulation of transmitter expression in the PaVN.
Comparing Visual, Textual, and Multimodal Features for Detecting Sign Language in Video Sharing Sites

Easy recording and sharing of video content has led to the creation and distribution of increasing quantities of sign language (SL) content. Current capabilities make locating SL videos on a desired topic dependent on the existence and correctness of metadata indicating both the language and topic of the video. Automated techniques to detect sign language content can aid this problem. This paper compares metadata-based classifiers and multimodal classifiers, using both early and late fusion techniques, with video content-based classifiers in the literature. Comparisons of applying TF-IDF, LDA, and NMF in the generation of metadata features indicates that NMF performs best, either when used independently or when combined with video features. Multimodal classifiers perform better than unimodal SL video classifiers. Experiments show multimodal features obtained results of up to 86% precision, 81% recall, and 84% F1 score. This represents an improvement on F1 score of roughly 9% in comparison with the video-based approach presented in the literature and an improvement of 6% over text-based features extracted using NMF.
Mass Spectrometry in Protein Sequence and Structural Investigations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of mass spectrometry in protein sequence and structural investigations. The growing realization of the importance of mass spectrometry in protein science is based upon quite recent recognition of the relative ease with which classically difficult or often intractable questions in protein biology may now be readily and successfully addressed. The progression of events that underpin the present state of mass spectrometry was triggered by discoveries of revolutionary new ionization techniques that are able to handle polar, labile macromolecules mass spectrometrically and the subsequent development of new instruments utilizing these techniques. Mass spectrometry has a variety of advantages not previously experienced by the biological research community, such as the ability to produce high quality, detailed molecular information at high absolute sensitivity. Mass spectrometry can routinely visualize the entire composition of the sample, and easily handle heterogeneous substances and mixtures of substances. Its main disadvantage at present is the unusual care required to assure suitable sample preparation, particularly in connection with problems where mass spectrometry has not been previously employed.
Demonstration of a 9 kV reverse breakdown and 59 mΩ-cm2 specific on-resistance AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode

Abstract Al0.26Ga0.74N/GaN on SiC lateral Schottky diodes were fabricated with variable anode-to-cathode spacing and were analyzed for blocking and on-state device performance. On-chip normally-on High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) structures were also fabricated for a comparison of blocking characteristics. The Schottky diode displayed an ideality factor of 1.59 with a Ni/AlGaN zero bias barrier height of 1.18 eV and a flat band barrier height of 1.59 eV. For anode-to-cathode spacings between 10 and 100 μm, an increase in median breakdown voltages from 529 V to 8519 V and median specific on-resistance (Ron-sp) from 1.5 to 60.7 mΩ cm2 was observed with an increase in spacing. The highest performing diode had a lateral figure of merit of 1.37 GW/cm2 corresponding to a breakdown voltage upwards of 9 kV and a Ron-sp of 59 mΩ cm2. This corresponds to the highest Schottky diode breakdown voltage reported thus far with an Al0.26Ga0.74N/GaN lateral structure.
Impact of Rapid Molecular Detection of Respiratory Viruses on Clinical Outcomes and Patient Management.

ABSTRACT To determine if rapid molecular testing for respiratory viruses in patients with respiratory illnesses can provide advantages to patients and hospitals, rigorous investigations on the impacts of using these assays are required. Well-conducted studies are needed to inform decisions about implementation of new rapid assays to replace standard molecular testing or to initiate testing in laboratories that are currently not doing molecular tests for respiratory viruses due to the complex nature of standard panels. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, N. Wabe et al. (J Clin Microbiol 57:e01727-18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01727-18) report the results of their evaluation of the impact of using a rapid molecular test for influenza A/influenza B and RSV on outcomes for adults hospitalized with respiratory illness. The median time from admission to test result of the rapid test was 7.5 h compared to 40.3 h for the standard PCR assay. Compared to the use of the standard molecular assay, use of a rapid test significantly shortened time in the hospital and reduced the number of other microbiology tests performed. The authors concluded that rapid PCR testing of adults hospitalized with respiratory illnesses could provide benefits to both the patients and the hospital. Patients were able to leave the hospital earlier and a greater proportion of them had received their test results before discharge, which would allow appropriate treatment to be provided more quickly.
Exam-level dose monitoring in CT: Quality metric consideration for multiple series acquisitions

PURPOSE Multi-series CT examination is common in the clinic, but no metric is agreed upon to report the overall dose from such an examination. This work proposes a relevant metric for tracking patient dose from multi-series examinations and illustrates the evaluation method through explanatory examples. MATERIALS AND METHODS In each acquisition series, a previously reported method was used to evaluate the cross-sectional average dose along the z-axis of a water phantom, with inputs of CTDIvol , scan length, tube current, and patient water-equivalent diameter. With a multi-series examination, the dose at each z-location was accumulated over all acquisition series. This method was applied to four clinical CT examinations. In three abdominal/pelvic examinations (patient weight, 107, 79, 79 kg), tube current modulation was applied in five acquisition series with scan lengths of 30-41.8 cm, while tube current was fixed in other series with short scan lengths (1.0, 7.9 cm). In another CT-guided liver ablation procedure (patient weight, 114 kg), 22 series were acquired with constant mA and scan lengths of 1-30 cm. The maximum value of the overall dose profile of each examination was compared to five dose quantities, including CTDIvol,sum and SSDEsum by the ACR CT Dose Index Registry, scan length-weighted CTDIvol and SSDE by a CT dose monitoring platform, and "max z location CTDIvol " by a CT manufacturer. RESULTS A simple graphic display of dose as a function of the z-axis location was presented for each acquisition series and for the whole examination. Differences up to 43.4% and 42.8%, or down to -93.5%, -93.5%, and -49.0%, were observed between the maximum value of the overall dose profile and five dose quantities (in the above order), respectively. CONCLUSION The overall dose profile gives a complete description of z-axis dose distribution for the studied CT examinations under a wide range of patient variables and acquisition conditions, including multiple acquisition series. Simple visualization of the doses across and beyond the scan ranges may provide a new tool for CT dose optimization.
Factors Related to Technology Integration in Instruction by Marketing Education Teachers

This study addressed how technology was being integrated in the teaching/ learning process in secondary marketing education programs for four distinct and independent phases: Exploration, Experimentation, Adoption, and Advanced Integration. The study was based on the Kotrlik/Redmann Technology Integration Model©. The phases in which marketing teachers are most active are exploration of the potential of using technology in the teaching/learning process, and adopting technology for regular use in instruction; they are functioning at a fairly strong level in both phases. They are not very active in the experimentation phase, but they are operating at a moderate level in the advanced integration phase. Teachers perceive that minor barriers exist that prevent them from integrating technology into the teaching/learning process and they perceive they are good teachers. Marketing teachers are not experiencing anxiety when attempting to integrate technology into the teaching/learning process. Teachers' technology anxiety, and their perceptions of their own teaching
Tolerance of southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberry cultivars to saflufenacil

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine tolerance of blueberry to saflufenacil. Greenhouse studies included five saflufenacil rates (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 g ai ha-1) and three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (‘Legacy’, ‘New Hanover’, and ‘O'Neal’) and one rabbiteye blueberry cultivar (‘Columbus’). Saflufenacil treatments were soil applied into each pot when blueberry plants were approximately 30-cm tall. Visible injury (purpling/reddening of foliage and leaf abscission) ranged from 3% to 12%, 3% to 42%, 0% to 43%, and 0% to 29% with saflufenacil from 50 to 400 g ha-1 in Columbus, Legacy, New Hanover, and O'Neal, respectively, at 28 d after treatment. Regardless of injury, plant growth (change in height), soil plant analysis development, and whole-plant dry biomass of all cultivars did not differ among saflufenacil rates. Field studies were conducted in Burgaw, NC, to determine the tolerance of nonbearing ( 3-yr-old and mature enough to produce fruit) southern highbush blueberry (‘Duke’) to saflufenacil application at pre-budbreak or during the vegetative growth stage. Treatments included three rates of saflufenacil (50, 100, and 200 g ha-1), glyphosate (870 g ae ha-1), glufosinate (1096 g ai ha-1), glyphosate (870 g ha-1) + saflufenacil (50 g ha-1), glufosinate (1096 g ha-1) + saflufenacil (50 g ha-1), and hexazinone (1,120 g ai ha-1), applied POST-directed to the soil surface beneath blueberry plants in a 76-cm band on both sides of the blueberry planting row. The maximum injury from treatments containing saflufenacil was ≤11% in both nonbearing and bearing blueberry. No negative effects on plant growth or fruit yield were observed from any treatments. Results from both greenhouse and field studies suggest that saflufenacil applied at 50 (1X commercial use rate) and 100 g ha-1 is safe to use in blueberry.Nomenclature: Glufosinate; glyphosate; hexazinone; saflufenacil; highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L.; rabbiteye blueberry, Vaccinium ashei Reade
Hybrid venous recanalization and cardiac implantable electronic device lead revision procedures: A single-center retrospective analysis of 38 patients.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of hybrid recanalization procedures in a series of patients with obstructed central veins requiring cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) revision. Methods Between 2008 and 2016, 38 consecutive patients (24 M; age 60.5 ± 16.2 years; range 25–87 years) with central venous obstruction underwent 42 recanalization interventions performed in conjunction with CIED revision or extraction. Fifty percent of patients (19/38) presented with veno-occlusive symptoms, and 13% (5/38) of patients had CIED leads with an ipsilateral upper extremity dialysis conduit. Results Ninety-one percent (38/42) of all procedures resulted in successful recanalization and CIED revision. Twenty-four percent (9/38) of all patients required secondary procedures due to recurrent stenosis, and 78% (7/9) of those requiring secondary procedures had indwelling dialysis conduits and/or clinical symptoms related to venous occlusion before the initial procedure. There were complications in 2 patients related to recanalization, and in 3 related to CIED revision. Conclusions Recanalization of central venous stenosis/occlusion in patients with CIED can be technically challenging but is successful in most patients. Symptomatic patients and those with dialysis conduits often require more aggressive revascularization interventions and may be at increased risk of complication or need for secondary interventions.
Particle and energy cost of entanglement of Hawking radiation with the final vacuum state

A semiclassical analysis shows that in the process of black hole formation and evaporation, an initial pure state will evolve to a mixed state, i.e., information will be lost. One way of avoiding this conclusion without invoking drastic modifications of the local laws of physics in a low curvature regime would be for the information to be restored at the very end of the evaporation process. It is normally envisioned that this would require a final burst of particles entangled with the early time Hawking radiation. This would imply the emission of an extremely large number of particles from an object of Planck size and mass and would appear to be blatantly ruled out by energy considerations. However, Hotta, Schutzhold, and Unruh have analyzed a ($1+1$)-dimensional moving mirror analog of the Hawking process and have found that, in this model, information is restored via entanglement of the early time Hawking radiation with vacuum fluctuations in the spacetime region to the future of the event where the mirror returns to inertial motion. We analyze their model here and give a precise formulation of this entanglement by introducing the notion of ``Milne particles.'' We then analyze the inertial particle and energy cost of such an entanglement of Hawking radiation with vacuum fluctuations. We show that, in fact, the entanglement of early time Hawking radiation with vacuum fluctuations requires the emission of at least as many late time inertial particles as Hawking particles. Although the energy cost can be made small in the ($1+1$)-dimensional mirror system, this should not be the case for the ($3+1$)-dimensional evaporating black hole system. Thus, vacuum entanglement has the same difficulties as the more usual burst scenarios for attempting to avoid information loss.
Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Altered Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Liver of the Symptomatic Niemann–Pick, Type C1 Mouse Model

Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal, autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. As a result of the genetic defect, there is accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and sphingolipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal system causing both visceral and neurological defects. These manifest clinically as hepatosplenomegaly, liver dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. While significant progress has been made to better understand NPC1, the downstream effects of cholesterol storage and the major mechanisms that drive these pathologies remains less understood. In this study, it is sought to investigate free fatty acid levels in Npc1-/- mice with focus on the polyunsaturated ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. Since fatty acids are the main constituents of numerous lipids species, a discovery based lipidomic study of liver tissue in Npc1-/- mice is also performed. To this end, alterations in fatty acid synthesis, including the ω-3 and 6 fatty acids, are reported. Further, alterations in enzymes that regulate the synthesis of ω-3 and 6 fatty acids are reported. Analysis of the liver lipidome reveals alterations in both storage and membrane lipids including ceramides, fatty acids, phosphatidylcholamines, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerols in Npc1-/- mice at a late stage of disease.
A Compact High Torque Density Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet In-Wheel Motor With Toroidal Windings

Wheel hub drive system has received more interests in an industrial area due to its attractive features. A low speed direct drive electric motor is needed to directly connect to the wheel. In order to meet challenging design requirements, a compact high torque density dual rotor permanent magnet machine with toroidal winding is proposed in this paper. Topology, principle of operation, reduction of torque pulsation are illustrated and analyzed. Finally, electromagnetic performance of proposed in-wheel motor is predicted and evaluated by finite element analysis.
The returns of life: ‘Making’ kinship in life and death:

This article revisits Marshall Sahlins’s theory of kinship as a ‘mutuality of being’, in which two possible kinship orders are proposed: those that are ‘inherited’ at birth, and others that are ‘ma...
Changes in trafficking of GluR1-containing AMPA receptor and GluR2-containing AMPA receptor from cytoplasm to cell membrane in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain

Objective To investigate the changes in trafficking of GluRl-containing AMPA (GluR1-AMPA) receptor and GluR2-AMPA receptor from cytoplasm to cell membrane in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain.Methods Thirty-two adult male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks weighing 280-300 g were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group (group C,n =8) and incisional pain group (group Ⅰ,n =24).An 1 cm long incision was made in the plautar surface of right hindpaw according to Brennan et al.in group Ⅰ.Cumulative pain score (CPS) and paw-withdrawal threshold to yon Frey stimuli (PWT) were measured at 3 h and day 1 and 3 afar incision ( T1,2,3 ).The animals were sacrificed after pain behavior assessment.Their lumbar segments of the spinal cord (L3-6) were removed.The expression of GluR1 and GluR2 in cell membrane and cytoplasm in spinal cord dorsal horn was determined by Western blot analysis.The co-expression of Stargazing with GluR1 and GluR2 in the spinal cord dorsal horn was examined by co-immuno-precipitation.Results The CPS was increased and PWT decreased; the GluR1 expression in cytoplasm was decreased while the expression of GluR1 in cell membrane and the co-expression of Stargazing with GluR1 were up-regulated in group Ⅰ as compared with group C.There was no significant change in the expression of GluR2 in cytoplasm and cell membrane and the co-expression of Stargazing with GluR2 in group Ⅰ as compared with group C.Conclusion GluR1-AMPA receptor transfers from cytoplasm to cell membrane but GluR2-AMPA receptor does not in rats with incisional pain. Key words: Pain; Receptors,AMPA; Spinal cord; Protein transport
Digital Speech Analysis in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndromes

ABSTRACT Background Progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndromes (PSPS-CBS) as well as nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (naPPA) are often due to misfolded 4-repeat Tau, but the diversity of the associated speech disorders beyond Apraxia of Speech (AoS) is poorly understood. Objective Investigate the full range of acoustic and lexical properties of speech to test the hypothesis that PSPS-CBS show a subset of speech impairments found in naPPA. Methods Acoustic and lexical measures, extracted from natural, digitized semi-structured speech samples using novel, automated methods, were compared in PSPS-CBS (n=87), naPPA (n=25) and healthy controls (HC, n=41). We also explored speech in a group of PSPS-CBS patients with concomitant naPPA (PSPS-CBS+naPPA, n=8). We related these measures to grammatical performance and speech fluency, core features of naPPA, and to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (pTau) in patients with available biofluid. Results Both naPPA and PSPS-CBS speech had shorter speech segments, longer pauses, higher pause rate, reduced fundamental frequency (f0) range, and slower speech rate compared to HC. naPPA speech was distinct from PSPS-CBS with shorter speech segments, more frequent pauses, slower speech rate, and reduced verb production. In both groups, acoustic duration measures generally correlated with speech fluency and grammatical performance. PSPS-CBS+naPPA resembled naPPA in most speech measures and had the narrowest f0 range. CSF pTau levels correlated with f0 range and verb production in PSPS-CBS and naPPA. Conclusion The speech pattern of PSPS-CBS overlaps that of naPPA apart from AoS, and may be related to CSF pTau.
Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer characteristics of single-phase free-surface fan jet impingement with automatic transmission fluid

Abstract Due to the ever-increasing power density of the advanced electric machines (motors/generators) in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, thermal management of electric machines has become increasingly critical to permit high power output, enhanced reliability, and miniaturization. The cooling of electric machines is mostly accomplished by depositing fluids or oils directly onto the machine's coil windings to remove the excessive heat. As an efficient approach of direct cooling, jet impingement has been attracting significant attention from researchers and industry due to the high heat transfer rates and large cooling capacity. In this work, we present a study of fan jet impingement of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) on a target surface with a constant heat flux. Experiments were carried out with ATF temperatures varying from 50 °C to 90 °C and flow rates varying from 1 × 10−5 to 2.5 × 10−5 m3/s to encompass potential operating conditions within the automotive transaxle environment. A numerical model of the test section was developed and validated with experimental results and used to investigate the influence of flow parameters and nozzle geometry on the heat transfer characteristics of the impinging fan jet. Major controlling parameters studied in this work include flow rate, fluid temperature, nozzle-to-target distance, and incidence angles. Average heat transfer coefficients are calculated as the major metric to compare the impact from various controlling parameters. Correlation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of fan jet impingement is explored within the scope of this work. In addition, heat transfer coefficient results of fan jet impingement are compared with the circular jet, which is commonly applied to cool electric machines. At all flow velocities, circular jets yield heat transfer coefficients 20%–25% higher than those obtained from the fan jet impingement.
Abram Bergson, EconomistApril 21, 1914 – April 23, 2003

Over the last two-thirds of the twentieth century, Abram Bergson was a leading American and world mathematical economist. He was a creative theorist, both literary and statistical. Also Bergson was a careful empiricist who, from a bully pulpit at Harvard, earned a reputation as the dean of Soviet studies and teacher of that subject's major scholars over two generations. At a young age in 1933 Abram came to the Harvard Graduate School in economics, after undergraduate training at Johns Hopkins. Adolph Hitler was responsible for new foreign blood arriving in Cambridge to trigger an overdue prewar Harvard renaissance in economics. When Bergson died at age 89, he was the last survivor of Harvard's age of Frank Taussig, as well as being a young star in the new age of Joseph Schumpeter, youthful Wassily Leontief, eclectic Gottfried Haberler and, after 1937, Alvin Hansen, the 'American Keynesian'. As Leontiefs second protege, I am proud to have been preceded by Abram Bergson, his first protege. I would be honoured to be known as Bergson's first protege, for much of my own work in welfare economics owes virtually everything to his classic 1938 Quarterly Journal of Economics article that for the first time clarified this subject as treated by Lionel Robbins, Abba Lerner, John Hicks, Nicholas Kaldor, Tibor Scitovsky and, of course, earlier byJeremy Bentham, J.S. Mill, F.Y. Edgeworth, and A.C. Pigou. Two of Bergson's most cited papers actually appeared under the authorship of Abram Burk. Burk was indeed the name he had been born with. How A. Burk
Theoretical evidence of spontaneous spin polarization in GaAs/AlGaAs split-gate heterostructures

Spintronics is a new branch of electronics which utilizes the spin degree of freedom of an electron rather than the charge, as used in conventional devices. This paradigm by itself provides a huge potential in, for example, high density memories, non volatile reprogrammable logic, quantum computing and various other applications. Extensive research has been going on in the spintronic field to overcome variety of challenges posed in the form of efficient injection, transport and detection of spin polarized carriers from one material to another, etc. To validate the spin splitting in device heterostructures, various conductance measurements have been performed on quantum point contacts (QPC) formed by a lateral confinement of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a modulation doped GaAs/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1 - x/As heterostructure. It has been found that these structures exhibit additional plateaus (below the first plateau) at 0.7 and 0.25 (2e/sup 2//h). It this work, the spin-polarized density functional theory of Kohn and Sham is used to calculate the spin dependent features of the quantum point contacts and confirm the recent experimental findings within our group.
Comparative Effectiveness of Standard and Contingency-based Cleaning in Acute and Long-Term Care Facilities amidst Staff Shortages and a COVID-19 Surge

BackgroundCleanliness of hospital surfaces helps prevent healthcare-associated infections, but larger evaluations of the effectiveness of various cleaning strategies during SARS-CoV-2 surges and worker shortages are scarce. MethodsIn an acute care hospital (ACH) and a long-term care facility (LTCF), 417 surfaces were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and adenosine triphosphate before and after various cleaning strategies, including ultraviolet light (UV-C), electrostatic spraying, and room fogging. ResultsACH surface contamination differed among outbreak and non-outbreak wards (p = 0.001). RNA was detected on 66% of surfaces before cleaning and on 23% of those surfaces immediately after terminal cleaning, for a 65% post-cleaning reduction (p = 0.001). UV-C resulted in an 87% reduction (p = 0.023), while spraying with electrostatic bleach resulted in a 47% reduction (p = 0.010). LTCF contamination rates differed between the dementia, rehabilitation, and the residential units (p = 0.005). 67% of surfaces had RNA after room fogging without terminal-style wiping. Fogging with wiping led to an 11% reduction in the proportion of positive surfaces. DiscussionBaseline contamination varied by type of unit and outbreak conditions, but not facility type. Removal of viral RNA varied according to strategy. Unlike previous reports, time spent cleaning was associated with cleaning thoroughness.
Tubing determination in an hematology oncology clinic

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter for hazardous drug (HD) handling in healthcare settings requires HD be primed intravenously with a non-HD solution prior to dispensing. This review de...
Effect of Different Castration Methods on the Subsequent Performance of Bull Calves

Fifty mixed-breed, preconditioned bulls (791 +/- 77 lb; 359.5 +/- 35.0 kg) were utilized to examine the effects of different castration methods on animal performance.
The Effects of Education on Cognition in Older Age: Evidence from Genotyped Siblings1

A growing literature has sought to tie educational attainment with later-life cognition and Alzheimers disease outcomes. This paper leverages sibling comparisons in educational attainment as well as genetic predictors (polygenic scores) for cognition, educational attainment, and Alzheimers disease to estimate effects of educational attainment on cognition in older age in the United Kingdom. We find that the effects of education on cognition are confounded by family background factors ([~]40%) and by genetics (<10%). After adjustments, we continue to find large effects of education. College graduates have cognition scores that are approximately 0.75 SD higher than those who report no credentials. We also find evidence that educational effects on cognition are smaller for those with high polygenic scores for Alzheimers disease.
If a Colleague Asks: “Will my Innovation Have Unintended Consequences?”

We love to talk about the unintended consequences of others’ technological innovations. We document the air pollution and traffic congestion accompanying automobile dependence, the surrender of personal privacy in order to gain online convenience, and the political violence abetted by social media algorithms optimized to generate advertising revenue.
Die Behandlung von peripheren Gefäßverletzungen — Prognoseeinschätzung

Die Literaturrecherche fur die Bearbeitung der vorgegebenen Thematik fuhrte nach Durchsicht von 120 Arbeiten zu der Erkenntnis, das eine Vergleichbarkeit der Studien aufgrund sehr inhomogener Studiendesigns nicht moglich ist. Die Fragestellungen sind sehr unterschiedlich, ebenso das abgehandelte Verletzungsmuster sowie die Kulturbereiche aus denen die jeweiligen Arbeiten stammen. Der Kulturbereich pragt die Verletzungsart, seien es Stich- oder Schusverletzungen bzw. arbeitsbedingte Verletzungen oder solche, die durch Verkehrsunfalle hervorgerufen wurden. Schlieslich gehen die Auswirkungen der Kriegs-, Zivil- und iatrogenen Verletzungen in die Literatur ein.
The regulation of murine B cell differentiation: I. Nonspecific suppression caused by Mycoplasma arginini

During the screening of suppressor T cell (Ts) hybridomas for antigen-nonspecific suppressive activity, we isolated a strain of Mycoplasma arginini which inhibits B cell antibody production in vitro. The addition of mycoplasma-containing Ts hybridoma culture supernatant to splenic B cells responding to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and T cell-replacing factor or to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) suppressed the production of anti-SRBC and anti-TNP plaque-forming cells in a dose-dependent and antigen-nonspecific manner. Inhibition occurred due to the noncytotoxic mycoplasmal infection of B cells in culture and required the physical presence of microorganisms. Cell cycle analysis of acridine orange-stained B cells indicated that mycoplasmal infection did not block cell cycle entry and progression of antigen-activated cells. In addition to a suppressive activity, this strain of mycoplasma was selectively mitogenic for B cells. Furthermore, the mycoplasma failed to stimulate or inhibit T cell proliferation. The suppressive and mitogenic activities were selectively absorbed by mitogen-activated B cells but not T cells. These results indicate that this strain of M. arginini mimics the suppressive activity of an antigen-nonspecific Ts factor selective for B cell antibody production.
The dorsal venous complex (DVC): dorsal venous or dorsal vasculature complex? Santorini's plexus revisited

The dorsal venous complex (DVC), originally described by Giovanni Domenico Santorini [1] in his seminal 1724 publication, Observationes Anatomicae, has been an important consideration as the technique of prostate extirpative surgery evolved over the last century. Pioneering anatomical dissections by Walsh and Reiner [2, 3] further refined the radical prostatectomy (RP) techniques of Young [4] and Millin [5] in an attempt to minimize the functional morbidities associated with the procedure. Ligation of the DVC before division is commonly performed to minimize blood loss during the apical dissection of open RPs. With the advent of laparoscopic and robotic technology, the increased intra-abdominal pressure afforded by CO2 insufflation has allowed surgeons to divide the DVC safely without initial ligation. Approaching the DVC in this fashion permits the surgeon to precisely select the site of division and thereby increase the likelihood of achieving a negative anterior apical margin in addition to urethral length maximization and sphincteric preservation. This anatomical view provides a unique opportunity to further characterize the DVC. Specifically, previously undescribed small arteries have been identified within the complex. This is probably known to many robotic and laparoscopic prostate surgeons who have used the above technique. These arteries are often located near the midline. They are commonly encountered during division of the DVC and are probably either a terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery or a small branch of the prostatic capsular artery. Based on these observations, we suggest that the DVC be renamed the dorsal vascular complex. This would more accurately reflect the true character of the involved anatomical structures and neither the acronym nor the eponym would need changing. Further anatomical study is required to identify the origin of the ‘dorsal vascular complex’ arterial vessel and to determine its contribution, if any, to functional outcomes after RP.
P and S wave upper mantle seismic velocity structure beneath the northern Apennines: New evidence for the end of subduction

Orogeny in the geologically young northern Apennines is explained by the eastward retreat of a convergence zone in which Adriatic lithosphere subducts to the west. It is unclear, however, whether all of the lithosphere or only the lower portion has subducted since 15 Ma, when the convergence zone lay near Corsica. We combine teleseismic P and S wave arrival time data from the RETREAT seismic network (2003–2006) and surrounding permanent stations to estimate tomographic images of the upper mantle structure beneath the northern Apennines. We image a vertically oriented slab that that extends to only ∼300 km depth. Our slab termination is shallower than previous studies but is confirmed by resolution tests. Furthermore, our images resolve the southern edge of the northern Apennines slab at ∼43°N, with no deep continuity with any slab segment to the south, as earlier proposed. Our results suggest that only a 300–400 km strip of lithosphere has subducted since 15 Ma beneath the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, a length roughly equivalent to the distance from the present-day west coast of Corsica to the crest of the northern Apennines. Although not a definitive indicator, the largely aseismic vertical slab configuration and its limited extent, coupled with other volcanic and geophysical indicators, suggests the delamination scenario of Bird (1979), in which only the lower portion of the continental lithosphere subducts.
Growth of Creative Occupations in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: A Shift-Share Analysis

ABSTRACT This article uses a shift-share model to investigate the growth of creative occupations in U.S. metropolitan areas during the 1990s. Empirical findings indicate that the performance of the creative economy varied widely across the U.S., and that the highest competitive growth rates of the creative workforce occurred in the Rocky Mountain, Southeast, and Southwest regions. Further analysis focused on whether high competitive workforce growth between 1990 and 2000 translated into high competitive employment growth from 1999 to 2003. The results show that many of the areas with the highest competitive growth rates of creative economy employment from 1999 to 2003 were some of the weakest regions in terms of creative workforce growth during the 1990s. This raises questions about the extent to which jobs follow people in the creative economy, and suggests that an initial strong presence in the creative economy is not a prerequisite for future growth.
Decoding magnetic anisotropy temperature dependence: 3D-5D(4D), 3D-metalloid and FeCo/MgO cases

Magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is one of the fundamental properties important for most of magnetic materials applications. More specifically, the room temperature (RT) value of MAE as well as its temperature dependence is of critical importance for the development of permanent magnets (PMs), heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and other spintronic applications. In this presentation we focus on the understanding temperature dependence of MAE not only in the context of mentioned applications but also as a way to reveal fundamental aspects of MAE mechanisms. We consider different classes of materials and types of anisotropies such as the anisotropic exchange type of MAE characteristic for L1 0 FePt [1] and interface MAE (iMAE) that recently attracted much attention in FeCo/MgO, as well as higher order anisotropies and unusual temperature dependencies found in 3d metal — metalloid systems such as MnAl, MnBi and Fe 16 N 2 .
The effect of cultural assimilation on the importance of family-related and nature-related recreation among hispanic Americans.

This paper examines the influence of Hispanic-American ethnicity on the family-related and nature-related benefits of outdoor recreation activity. Gordon's ethnic assimilation theory is used as a c...
Presence and tyrosine phosphorylation of c-met receptor in human sperm.

The c-met receptor is a p190 MET tyrosine kinase protooncoprotein that through its binding to its ligand, designated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), induces mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic activities in a variety of cell types. The present study was conducted to examine whether or not the c-met receptor is expressed and tyrosine phosphorylated in the human sperm cell. The Western blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody (MAb 2 ) directed against the extracellular domain of the c-met receptor, showed a specific band of 195 kDa corresponding to the intact c-met receptor in the detergent-solubilized human sperm preparation (HSP). This protein band was not recognized by the control myeloma lg (immunoglobin). In the immunoprecipitation procedure, a similar specific band of 195 kDa and a 145-kDa band corresponding to the β-subunit of c-met receptor were seen. In the indirect immunofluorescence technique, the c-met receptor was localized predominantly in the acrosomal region of the sperm cell. The c-met receptor was tyrosine phosphorylated/autophosphorylated during capacitation and in the cell-free in vitro kinase assay. Incubation of human sperm with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or MAb 2 to c-met receptor enhanced the degree of tyrosine phosphorylation/autophosphorylation of the c-met receptor up to 5.1-fold. These findings indicate that the c-met receptor is present in the acrosomal region of human sperm cell and is tyrosine phosphorylated, which is enhanced by HGF and the receptor antibody. The c-met system may have an important role in sperm function.
Electronic mail connections

Cet article de synthese presente les connexions entre les services de courrier electronique et compare les systemes utilises dans differents pays
Tips and Troubleshooting for Use of the GlideScope Video Laryngoscope for Emergency Endotracheal Intubation

Video laryngoscopy (VL) is still a relatively novel advancement in airway management that offers many potential benefits over direct laryngoscopy. These advantages include decreased time to intubation in difficulty airways, unique opportunities in teaching as the video screen allows for real time teaching points, increased first pass success, particularly with novice operators, and decreased cervical spine motion during intubation. Despite the advantages, the intubation procedure itself has some subtle but significant differences from direct laryngoscopy that change the expected motion as well as troubleshooting techniques, which might discourage the use of the GlideScope by practitioners less familiar with the product. With the hope of generating confidence in the video laryngoscopy procedure, we have compiled some basic tips that we have found helpful when intubating with the GlideScope. These tips include inserting the blade to the left of midline to improve space allowed for the endotracheal tube itself, backing the scope up a small amount to improve the view, holding the tube close to the connector to improve maneuverability, and withdrawing the tube with your thumb to improve advancement through the cords. We hope that, with these tips, in conjunction with ample practice, clinicians can gain comfort and experience with all the tools at our disposal in an effort to provide the best possible care for our patients.
Process and Design: Applying Technical Writing Theory in the Writing Classroom.

Just what is "the writing process"? Teachers of writing love to use this term, but do we or can we really know what it means? Is it a term we can actually define? I am not sure it is because the process varies from person to person. The best we can do is observe that, for most people, the writing process has at least three stages: prewriting, drafting, and revision. Those who try to define or describe the process usually focus, like blind men around an elephant, on one stage-whatever stage they regard as most important. Thus, for some, the writing process is one of invention (prewriting); for others, it is simply a matter of putting words on paper (drafting); and for still others, it is a process of continual redrafting or revision. Even those who try to consider all three stages usually emphasize one over the others. So we are left without a complete and useful definition of the writing process. I propose a definition, or rather a way of looking at the writing process, that is most useful. We must come to see the writing process as technical writers long have seen it, as a process of design. This way, we can take into account not only the various phases of the process but also the needs of writers, their audiences, and their subjects. We can translate writing theory into practice. "Process," as we apply the word to writing, is an abstract noun, referring to something that has been accomplished. "Design" is a verb, signifying action-someone doing something.
Phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of Cdc42 GEF Gef1 by 14-3-3 protein Rad24 spatially regulates Cdc42 GTPase activity and oscillatory dynamics during cell morphogenesis

Active Cdc42 GTPase, a key regulator of cell polarity, displays oscillatory dynamics that are anticorrelated at the two cell tips in fission yeast. Anticorrelation suggests competition for active Cdc42 or for its effectors. Here we show how 14-3-3 protein Rad24 associates with Cdc42 guanine exchange factor (GEF) Gef1, limiting Gef1 availability to promote Cdc42 activation. Phosphorylation of Gef1 by conserved NDR kinase Orb6 promotes Gef1 binding to Rad24. Loss of Rad24–Gef1 interaction increases Gef1 protein localization and Cdc42 activation at the cell tips and reduces the anticorrelation of active Cdc42 oscillations. Increased Cdc42 activation promotes precocious bipolar growth activation, bypassing the normal requirement for an intact microtubule cytoskeleton and for microtubule-dependent polarity landmark Tea4-PP1. Further, increased Cdc42 activation by Gef1 widens cell diameter and alters tip curvature, countering the effects of Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein Rga4. The respective levels of Gef1 and Rga4 proteins at the membrane define dynamically the growing area at each cell tip. Our findings show how the 14-3-3 protein Rad24 modulates the availability of Cdc42 GEF Gef1, a homologue of mammalian Cdc42 GEF DNMBP/TUBA, to spatially control Cdc42 GTPase activity and promote cell polarization and cell shape emergence.
Model stability and instability in age structured populations.

Abstract Primary sources of instability and oscillation in the dynamics of a single species are various mechanisms which cause delayed responses of fecundity to environmental changes. Fundamental mechanisms include gestation periods, age-specific reproductive rates and age-specific (or weighted) effects of population density on fecundity. The effects on the stability and instability of equilibria caused by these three specific mechanisms are studied by means of a general model equation.
Synthesis, optical properties and photovoltaic applications of hybrid rod–coil diblock copolymers with coordinatively attached CdSe nanocrystals

The performance of hybrid solar cells based on conjugated polymers and nanostructured inorganic semiconductors is often limited by the poor interfacial interaction and the lack of controlled phase separation. Improvements are being made by building intimate contact between the two components through coordinative linkages. In this contribution, three rod–coil diblock copolymers (DCPs) of the modified poly(3-hexylthiophene)-polystyrene (P3HT-PS) type with different phosphorus-containing functional groups for binding to inorganic nanoparticles are reported. Their corresponding P3HT-PS-CdSe hybrid DCPs (HDCPs) were prepared by ligand-exchange with chemically prepared CdSe nanocrystals. The three DCPs have different size disparity between the rod and coil blocks, where the dominant block dictates their solid state aggregation behavior. As a result, the three DCPs show very different fluorescence properties in the solid state. After binding with CdSe nanocrystals, nanocrystal association appears to dominate the solid state aggregation in all three HDCPs, making them exhibit comparable solid state optical properties. Solar cell devices of HDCPs showed high open circuit voltages of 1.13–1.40 V and improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over devices fabricated from the corresponding DCPs without CdSe attachment. It is believed that the improvement of the PCE is brought about by intimate contact between the P3HT and the CdSe components, which enhances the initial charge separation from P3HT to the CdSe nanocrystals. The device performance is however hampered by the low nanoparticle loading and the short P3HT block length, which are being addressed.