cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation about the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic product and patterns of enteric diarrhea in Tongzhou

Objective:To investigate the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(Vp) in aquatic product and the dangerous for foodboren diarrhea in Tongzhou Beijing.Methods:To surey the infectious status of Vp from aquatic product in supermarket,market and catering industry;To isolate and identify Vp from distrustful sample causing food poisoning and the diarrhea patient's stool specimens collected from hospital.To research some strains on virulence(Hemolysis test and Urease test),serum subtype and ribosomal DNA fingerprinting patterns,and further analyze the homology of strains.Results:(1) The positive rate of Vp isolated from aquatic product in supermarket and market was 35.0%,in catering industry was 8.6% and the total positive rate was 22.7%.(2) 4 Vp strains were isolated from distrustful sample(aquatic product and cold vegetable dish in sauce) in two catering industries.(3) It was found that 76 out of 303 cases were positive for enteric pathogenic bacteria,and were identified as 33 Vp strains(especially from June to October),16 Salmonella strains and 13 Shigella strains,and the positive rate were 43.42%,21.05% and 17.11%,respectively.(4) All of the Hemolysis test of 27 Vp strains was positive,among which Urease test of two strains was positive.Total of 27 Vp strains were divided into different serotypes and 22 ribogroups,which indicated that the possibility of homology pollution was negligible,but 6 Vp strains isolated from stool specimens causing by food poisoning.Conclusion:The infectious status of Vp in aquatic product was obvious and isolated strains had definite pathogenicity.The result of pathogen patterns of enteric diarrhea revealed that Vp was the primary pathogen for foodboren diarrhea,which suggested the necessary supervision.
From semantic to syntactic repertoires: the significance of three-term contingencies

ABSTRACTThree-term contingencies relate discriminative stimuli, responses, and reinforcers. Their fundamental importance is recognized widely by behavioral scientists. Sidman (1994) expresses the view that “the three-term contingency is the basic analytic unit of cognition,” a view based on experimental analyses of the contingencies that establish the prerequisites for complex relational performances that emerge without direct training. This now extensive area of research has examined primarily the development of semantic repertoires (e.g., the substitutability, more formally equivalence, of stimuli). The focus here is to relate research on sequence production and discrimination (i.e., syntactic repertoires) to Sidman’s view of the importance of three-term behavioral units generated by reinforcement contingencies. Consideration of syntactic repertoires will highlight and extend the range of phenomena to which that view may apply.
The Impact of Dietary Soy on Gut Microbiome

The metabolism of daidzein, a major compound of soy, produces equol in the presence of intestinal bacteria. Equol is more biologically active and its role in human health remains controversial. It has been shown to have links to tumor regression, tumor progression, cardiovascular health and neurologic function. Soymeal is a common product used in the mouse chow of research labs. Given its controversial role in host health, mouse facilities at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill switched to a non soy-based diet. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact that the removal of soy has on bacterial communities. We expect to see a decrease in phyla such as bifidobacteria that play a role in the metabolism of isoflavones like daidzein. Mice were fed a soy-based diet (Prolab Isopro RMH 3000) and a non soy-based diet (Harlan Laboratories). Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool and phyla were examined and quantified by qPCR. In soy fed mice, we saw a slight decrease in universal gut bacteria as...
Why Isn't There More High-fidelity Simulation Training in Diagnostic Radiology? Results of a Survey of Academic Radiologists.

Rationale and Objectives Despite its increasing use in training other medical specialties, high-fidelity simulation to prepare diagnostic radiology residents for call remains an underused educational resource. To attempt to characterize the barriers toward adoption of this technology, we conducted a survey of academic radiologists and radiology trainees. Materials and Methods An Institutional Review Board-approved survey was distributed to the Association of University Radiologists members via e-mail. Survey results were collected electronically, tabulated, and analyzed. Results A total of 68 survey responses representing 51 programs were received from program directors, department chairs, chief residents, and program administrators. The most common form of educational activity for resident call preparation was lectures. Faculty supervised “baby call” was also widely reported. Actual simulated call environments were quite rare with only three programs reporting this type of educational activity. Barriers to the use of simulation include lack of faculty time, lack of faculty expertise, and lack of perceived need. Conclusions High-fidelity simulation can be used to mimic the high-stress, high-stakes independent call environment that the typical radiology resident encounters during the second year of training, and can provide objective data for program directors to assess the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education milestones. We predict that this technology will begin to supplement traditional diagnostic radiology teaching methods and to improve patient care and safety in the next decade.
Scientific Method in Brief

The fundamental principles of the scientific method are essential for enhancing perspective, increasing productivity, and stimulating innovation. These principles include deductive and inductive logic, probability, parsimony and hypothesis testing, as well as science's presuppositions, limitations, ethics and bold claims of rationality and truth. The examples and case studies drawn upon in this book span the physical, biological and social sciences; include applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine; and also explore science's interrelationships with disciplines in the humanities such as philosophy and law. Informed by position papers on science from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, National Academy of Sciences and National Science Foundation, this book aligns with a distinctively mainstream vision of science. It is an ideal resource for anyone undertaking a systematic study of scientific method for the first time, from undergraduates to professionals in both the sciences and the humanities.
Ecosystems in a Heterogeneous World

This chapter outlines key features of a framework for addressing heterogeneity in and surrounding ecosystems. First the nature of heterogeneity is discussed, with some examples like boreal forest fire mosaics, pit and mound microtopography, plant neighborhoods, stream patchiness, marine benthos, boundary effects, and management and built patches. Then fundamentals of spatial heterogeneity are summarized, followed by a discussion of internal and external heterogeneity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ecosystems in time and space.
El fin de la naturaleza barata: o cómo aprendí a dejar de preocuparme por “el” medioambiente y amar la crisis del capitalismo | The End of Cheap Nature. Or How I learned to Stop Worrying about “The” Environment and Love the Crisis of Capitalism

?Afronta actualmente el capitalismo el “fin de la naturaleza barata”? Si asi es, ?que podria significar esto y cuales con las implicaciones para el futuro? Estamos, de hecho, siendo testigos del fin de la naturaleza barata en un sentido especifico historico. En vez de contemplar el fin de la naturaleza barata como la reafirmacion de “limites de crecimiento” externos, sostengo que, a dia de hoy, el capitalismo ha agotado la relacion historica que la produce. El fin de la naturaleza barata se comprende mejor como el agotamiento de las relaciones de valor que han restaurado periodicamente los “Four Cheaps”: trabajo, alimentos, energia y materias primas. Fundamentalmente, estas relaciones de valor son coproducidas por, y a traves de, humanos con el resto de la naturaleza. La cuestion decisiva, por lo tanto, enciende las relaciones que envuelven y despliegan las sucesivas configuraciones de la naturaleza humana y extra-humana, simbolicamente capacitadas y materialmente realizadas, a traves de la larga duracion del sistema-mundo moderno. Significativamente, la apropiacion de trabajo no remunerado —incluyendo los “regalos gratuitos” de la naturaleza— y la explotacion del trabajo asalariado, forman una unidad dialectica. Los limites del crecimiento enfrentados actualmente por el capital son suficientemente reales, y son “limites” coproducidos a traves del capitalismo como ecologia-mundo, uniendo la acumulacion de capital, la busqueda de poder y la coproduccion de naturaleza como un todo organico. El limite de la ecologia-mundo del capital es el capital en si mismo. Does capitalism today face the “end of cheap nature”? If so, what could this mean, and what are the implications for the future? We are indeed witnessing the end of cheap nature in a historically specific sense. Rather than view the end of cheap nature as the reassertion of external “limits to growth”, I argue that capitalism has today exhausted the historical relation that produced cheap nature. The end of cheap nature is best comprehended as the exhaustion of the value-relations that have periodically restored the “Four Cheaps”: labor-power, food, energy, and raw materials. Crucially, these value-relations are co-produced by and through humans with the rest of nature. The decisive issue therefore turns on the relations that enfold and unfold successive configurations of human and extra-human nature, symbolically enabled and materially enacted, over the longue duree of the modern world-system. Significantly, the appropriation of unpaid work —including “free gifts” of nature— and the exploitation wage-labor form a dialectical unity. The limits to growth faced by capital today are real enough, and are “limits” co-produced through capitalism as world-ecology, joining the accumulation of capital, the pursuit of power, and the co-production of nature as an organic whole. The world-ecological limit of capital is capital itself.
Learning to Count in Geometry.

THERE are many geometry problems that are based on the counting of geometric figures. Some of these can be solved by a common technique?examining simple cases, finding a pattern in the solutions of these cases, then generalizing the pattern. In particular, the problems to be examined in this article are the following: Problem I. What is the maximum num ber of regions determined by five circles of arbitrary radius lying in a plane? Problem 2. What is the maximum num ber if the circles must be congruent? Problem 3. What is the maximum num
LVOT-VTI is a Useful Indicator of Low Ventricular Function in Young Patients.

Left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT-VTI), a Doppler-derived measure of stroke distance, is used as a surrogate marker of cardiac function in adults. LVOT-VTI is easily obtained, independent of ventricular geometry and wall motion abnormalities. We investigated the relationship between LVOT-VTI and conventional measures of function in young patients by comparing controls to children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Sixty-two healthy and 52 DCM patients over 1 year were studied retrospectively. The average pulsed (PW) and continuous wave (CW) LVOT-VTIs from apical views were measured from three cycles. Body surface area (BSA) and Ejection fraction (EF) were obtained. We compared LVOT-VTIs between study and control groups and assessed BSA’s impact on LVOT-VTI. The entire cohort was classified into three levels of LV function which were compared. We determined LVOT-VTI cutoff values that indicated an EF <50%. The mean PW-LVOT-VTI in the DCM group was significantly lower than that of the normal group (0.15 vs. 0.18 m; p < 0.0012). The mean CW-LVOT-VTI was significantly lower in DCM (0.20 vs. 0.24 m; p < 0.0001). There was no impact of BSA on LVOT-VTI except when comparing BSA and CW-LVOT-VTI in the normal group. There was a positive relationship between LVOT-VTI and EF for PW (Rs = 0.29, p = 0.0022) and CW (Rs = 0.22, p = 0.0364) and a difference in mean LVOT-VTI between EF groups (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis demonstrated that PW-LVOT-VTI <0.17 m (AUC = 0.73; p < 0.0001) and CW-LVOT-VTI <0.22 m (AUC = 0.76; p < 0.0001) was associated with EF <50%. This study indicates that LVOT-VTI can be a useful alternative measure of LV performance in children over 1 year.
Oxidation State Specific Detection of Transuranic Ions in Solution

A detailed and predictive understanding of actinide ion transport by groundwater through geological strata has yet to be achieved. New experimental techniques are needed to detect both the oxidatio...
FFD: A Framework for Fake Flash Detection

Counterfeit electronics have become a big concern in the globalized semiconductor industry where chips might be recycled, remarked, cloned or overproduced. In this work, we advance the state-of-the-art counterfeit detection of flash memory, which is widely used in electronic systems. Fake memories may be used in critical systems, such as missiles, military aircrafts and helicopters, thus diminishing their reliability. In addition, there are countless stories of fake flash drives in the general consumer market. We propose a comprehensive framework called FFD to detect fake flash memories (i.e., recycled, remarked and cloned parts). FFD is validated with 200,000 commercial flash memory pages. Experimental results show that our framework performs well in: 1) nearly 100% detection accuracy of flash with as little as 5% usage, 2) estimating the flash memory usage with high resolution (≤ 5% of its maximal endurance). Another contribution of this work is a chip ID generation technique that can generate unique flash fingerprints with greater than 99.3% reliability.
Molecular approaches for biosurveillance of the cucurbit downy mildew pathogen, Pseudoperonospora cubensis

AbstractGlobalization has allowed for rapid movement of plant pathogens that threaten food security. Successful disease management largely depends on timely and accurate detection of plant pathogens causing epidemics. Thus, biosurveillance of epidemic plant pathogens such as Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, is becoming a priority to prevent disease outbreaks and deploy successful control efforts. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) facilitates rapid development of genomics resources needed to generate molecular diagnostics assays for P. cubensis. Having information regarding the presence or absence of the pathogen, amount of inoculum, crop risk, time to initiate fungicide applications, and effective fungicides to apply would significantly contribute to reducing losses to cucurbit downy mildew. In this article, we discuss approaches to identify unique loci for rapid molecular diagnostics using genomic data, to develop molecular diagnostic tools that discriminate economica...
Survey of complementary and alternative medicine in pediatric inpatient settings.

Abstract Objectives While use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common in children, we know little about its use for hospitalized children. This survey measured the rate of CAM use, specific modalities used, and policies related to CAM use for hospitalized children. Design Anonymous survey of hospitals in the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRĪS) network Setting Hospitals in the PRĪS network. Main outcome measures Rate of overall and specific CAM modality use, including whether these modalities are provided, permitted, or prohibited, and presence of a written policy on CAM use. Results Of 99 sites queried, 22 responded. Of these, 82% of sites reported some CAM presence, and 63% reported official provision of CAM therapies. Freestanding children’s hospitals provided more modalities than other types of hospitals. There was no difference in number of modalities by geographic location. The most commonly provided CAM modalities were massage and biofield therapies. The most commonly prohibited modalities were inpatient placebos outside of research settings, medical marijuana, and inpatient homeopathic preparations. Only one site reported having a written policy on CAM use. Conclusions Among responding institutions, the most reported some CAM presence with a wide variety of CAM modalities provided and permitted. Written institutional policies on CAM were rare.
Do High Frequency Traders Care about Earnings Announcements? An Analysis of Trading Activity before, during, and after Regular Trading Hours

We examine trading activity (1) before regular trading hours (RTHs), (2) during RTHs and (3) after RTHs on earnings announcement days and nonannouncement days for high frequency traders (HFTs) and non-HFTs. First, we show that, although high frequency trading firms initiate more trades on earnings announcement days than on nonannouncement days, the proportion of volume that these trades account for is either constant or marginally lower. High frequency trading firms initiate trades representing a higher proportion of volume during RTHs than during before market or after-market hours. Second, we provide evidence that trades initiated by non-HFTs generally contribute more to price discovery than trades initiated by HFTs. For before market open earnings announcements, trades initiated by non-HFTs contribute more to price discovery than HFTs, for both NYSE- and NASDAQ-listed stocks. However, we find that trades initiated by HFTs contribute heavily to price discovery for NYSE-listed stocks during the RTHs following an after-hours earnings announcement. Third, we show that firm size, trading volume, and a stock's listing exchange influence the price discovery of trades between non-HFTs.
Reconstructing the Evolution of the Brain in Primates Through the Use of Comparative Neurophysiological and Neuroanatomical Data

In his influential book, The Antecedents of Man, Le Gros Clark (1962) maintained that the order Primates cannot be defined by specific attributes that uniquely distinguish its members from the members of other orders but rather can only be characterized by evolutionary trends such as the progressive expansion of the brain. Recent neurophysiological and neuroanatomical data suggest that at least one unique defining feature for the order Primates does exist. In all mammals the retina projects to the optic tectum, but the manner in which the visual field is represented in the optic tectum of Primates differs from that found in all other mammals. In Primates the optic tectum on each side of the brain contains a systematic representation of the contralateral half of the visual field, whereas in other mammals the optic tectum of each side contains a systematic representation of the visual field that is viewed by the contralateral retina, which is the primitive vertebrate condition found in all non-mammalian vertebrates (see Fig. 1). The drawback in using such neurophysiological criteria in taxonomic definitions is that it is not possible to survey a very large number of species for a particular attribute, and the method cannot be applied to fossils.
RNA structure: A LASER-focused view into cells.

RNA structure is irrevocably linked to function. A new method, termed 'LASER', utilizes a light-activated chemical probe to query RNA tertiary structure and illuminate RNA–protein interactions in the living cell.
Attachment, relationship communication style and the use of jealousy induction techniques in romantic relationships

Abstract Insecurely attached individuals are more likely to try to induce jealousy in their partners than securely attached individuals. Research more consistently links anxious attachment styles with jealousy induction, compared to avoidant attachment. The current study extends this limited research by examining how four attachment styles are indirectly related to jealousy induction through relationship communication styles. College men and women (N = 263) completed an online survey on their dating experiences, and indicated their likelihood of using jealousy induction tactics and relationship communication styles with a hypothetical partner. Path analysis revealed that fearfully attached individuals are more likely to indicate an aggressive communication style and this is linked to greater jealousy induction; whereas, preoccupied individuals are more likely to use a nonassertive communication style and this is linked to greater jealousy induction. Secure and dismissing styles were unrelated to jealousy induction. Findings support the anxious attachment-jealousy induction link. Future research should examine whether motives behind jealousy induction diverge as function of attachment style.
Science for state legislatures

Next week on 14 April, the March for Science will once again demonstrate the widespread public support for science around the world. Nowhere is this message more needed than in Washington, D.C., where the federal government continues to ignore the value of independent science advice to inform decision-making. Given this lack of expertise at the national level, it is critical to bolster the role of science in policy-making at the state government level. Here, California can lead by example.
Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?

For overdoped cuprates, it is believed that the normal state behaves as an ordinary Fermi liquid while the superconducting state conforms to the BCS theory. We have put these beliefs to the test by a comprehensive experiment in which over two thousand cuprate films were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy and studied in great detail and precision. Here, we compare our key experimental results to various proposed explanations based on BCS theory extended to dirty d-wave superconductors, including the cases of strong (unitary) and weak (Born) scattering on impurities. The discrepancies seem insurmountable, and point to the need to develop the theory further, likely beyond the canonical BCS paradigm.
Frequent Quizzes and Student Improvement of Reading: A Pilot Study in a Community College Setting:

This pilot study explores the extent to which frequent quizzes given in a developmental Academic Critical Reading (ACR) course in a community college affects student success on a standardized CUNY ...
A combination of ligand SAR and receptor site-directed mutagenesis reveals requirements for antagonist activity at the melanocortin-3 receptor.

Introduction The melanocortin system is a G-Protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway that contains five melanocortin receptors. The MC3R and the MC4R are involved in energy homeostasis in humans and rodents. While MC4R KO mice are extremely obese and hyperphagic, MC3R KO mice possess normal body weight with increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass (1-3). Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the physiological role of the MC4R but little is known about the MC3R. Identification of ligands that are selective for the MC3R can aid as in vivo tools to explore the complex scope of physiological functions of this receptor. Previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the tetrapeptide Ac-HisDPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 identified the compound Ac-His-(pI)DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 that possessed “mixed pharmacology” and resulted in a potent antagonist at the MC3R and full nM agonist at the MC4R (4). A rational combination of ligand SAR and in vitro site-directed mutagenesis studies were used in attempts to identify sub structural requirements of the ligand and the receptor that are important for selective receptor activation or inhibition of the MC3R versus the MC4R.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma presenting as a solitary brain lesion: A case report and review of the world literature

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract will account for roughly 50,000 new cases of cancer in the US this year. Metastatic involvement to the brain is uncommon with this malignancy. When it does occur, it is usually in the setting of widespread metastatic disease. A rare case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder presenting as a solitary brain lesion is reported. In addition, we reviewed the world literature regarding transitional cell carcinoma metastatic to the central nervous system. Our review suggests that metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the central nervous system has become increasingly common as more effective chemotherapeutic regimens have been developed to control the primary disease. The recent literature also suggests that, much like other metastatic disease to the brain, outcome and survival in patients without widespread disease is improved by aggressive surgical and oncological management.
Firearm-related personal and clinical characteristics of US medical students.

BACKGROUND: Firearm injuries are the second leading cause of fatal injury in the US, and several medical specialty societies encourage patient counseling about firearm injury prevention. Because personal choices. influence physicians' willingness to counsel, it would be valuable to know how frequently guns are kept in the homes of physicians-in-training, as well as their perceptions and current rates of counseling about firearm injury prevention. METHODS: At a nationally representative sample of 16 medical schools, we surveyed the class of 2003 at freshman orientation, entrance to wards, and during senior year. RESULTS: A total of 2,316 students provided data (response rate = 80.3%). Among freshmen, 16% reported living in a home with a firearm, 13% did so at entry to wards, as did 14% of seniors (14% overall, women = 9%, men = 19%). Only 34% of seniors reported counseling their patients more often than "never/rarely" about firearm possession and storage. CONCLUSIONS: US medical students reported substantially lower rates of household gun ownership than the general population, but their participation in firearm-related counseling is also low.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with Aspergillus endocarditis: Fatal outcome following heparin therapy†

A syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was documented in a patient with postcardiotomy Aspergillus endocarditis. In vitro studies revealed no hemolytic or thromboplastic activity of the fungus, and so local effects of the bulky fungus tumor on the blood are postulated to have caused consumption coagulopathy. Shortly after heparin therapy was initiated, the patient developed signs of acute intracranial hemorrhage and subsequently died. Although anticoagulation has been shown to be of benefit in states of DIC, in some instances such therapy may be hazardous.
Accessibility with time and resource constraints: Computing hyper-prisms for sustainable transportation planning

Abstract Accessibility is the ease of obtaining desired destinations, activities, or services in an environment. A common accessibility measure in basic and applied transportation science is the space-time prism (STP) and the network-time prisms (NTPs): these are the envelopes of all possible paths between two locations and times in planar space and transportation networks, respectively. STPs and NTPs focus on time as the scarce resource limiting accessibility. However, other resource constraints can constrain space-time accessibility, such as limits or “budgets” for energy, emissions, or monetary expenses. This paper extends NTPs to include other resource constraints in addition to time. Network-based resource hyper-prisms (RHPs) incorporate other resource constraints into NTP, capturing the trade-offs between time and other resources in determining space-time accessibility. We conceptualize RHPs as a constrained optimization problem and develop a forward and backward resource-dependent time-dependent dynamic programming to determine the boundaries of a RHP given time and other resource budgets. We illustrate our approach using the Chicago sketch network (with 933 nodes and 2967 links) for the use case of an individual with an internal combustion engine vehicle and a carbon emission budget and using portions of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore networks (with 12,145 nodes and 30,697 links) for the use case of siting electric vehicle charging stations to maximize regional accessibility.
Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study.

Abstract Background Cellular senescence is a key mechanism that drives age-related diseases, but has yet to be targeted therapeutically in humans. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal cellular senescence-associated disease. Selectively ablating senescent cells using dasatinib plus quercetin (DQ) alleviates IPF-related dysfunction in bleomycin-administered mice. Methods A two-center, open-label study of intermittent DQ (D:100 mg/day, Q:1250 mg/day, three-days/week over three-weeks) was conducted in participants with IPF (n = 14) to evaluate feasibility of implementing a senolytic intervention. The primary endpoints were retention rates and completion rates for planned clinical assessments. Secondary endpoints were safety and change in functional and reported health measures. Associations with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were explored. Findings Fourteen patients with stable IPF were recruited. The retention rate was 100% with no DQ discontinuation; planned clinical assessments were complete in 13/14 participants. One serious adverse event was reported. Non-serious events were primarily mild-moderate, with respiratory symptoms (n = 16 total events), skin irritation/bruising (n = 14), and gastrointestinal discomfort (n = 12) being most frequent. Physical function evaluated as 6-min walk distance, 4-m gait speed, and chair-stands time was significantly and clinically-meaningfully improved (p Interpretation Our first-in-humans open-label pilot supports study feasibility and provides initial evidence that senolytics may alleviate physical dysfunction in IPF, warranting evaluation of DQ in larger randomized controlled trials for senescence-related diseases. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02874989 (posted 2016–2018).
A phase II study of ipilimumab and nivolumab with radiation in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

391Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal cancer. Immunotherapy (IO) has shown minimal activity. In preclinical models, radiation (XRT) increases likelihood of ...
Anionic Polymerization of Methylene Malonate for High-Performance Coatings.

Here, we demonstrate the anionic polymerization and the high reactivity of the novel monomer diethyl methylene malonate (DEMM). At room temperature and under atmospheric conditions, water and anion...
Toward a transnational model of social media privacy: How young Saudi transnationals do privacy on Facebook:

Previous models of cross-cultural differences fail to adequately account for transnational patterns of social media use, especially as it relates to notions of privacy. Based on our study of young ...
Review of the Causes of 1907 Panic and Aftermath

The Panic of 1907 is often known as the Panic that initiated the development of the Federal Reserve System (Bordo, 1985). The Panic of 1907 was “The beginning of the end of unregulated capital markets and banking system without the lender of the last resort in the United States.” (Fohlin, Gehrig and Haas, 2015, page 2). Numerous causes lead to the Panic of 1907 including: shadow banking, the San Francisco earthquake and fire, stock price manipulation, seasonal agriculture fluctuations, an outflow of gold, and higher interest rates. This paper reviews the primary literature on these causes, and how they led to the Panic of 1907 and the subsequent regulations culminating in the Federal Reserve Bank.
Policing Terrorism: Research Studies into Police Counterterrorism Investigations: by David Lowe, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2019, 202 pp., $45.33 (paperback), ISBN-13: 9780367869366

This book is part of the Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series, which is meant to bridge the gap between policing researchers and policing professionals. The author is well-positioned to co...
Using the Social Cognitive Theory Framework to Chart Gender Differences in the Developmental Trajectory of STEM Self-Efficacy in Science and Engineering Students.

According to Bandura’s social cognitive theory, a student’s self-efficacy influences his or her academic and career decisions, and his or her performance outcomes; as such, a student’s self-efficacy changes with time in response to the student’s experiences. Self-efficacy may also vary by academic domain. Differences in STEM self-efficacy have often been reported between men and women. The purpose of this study is to explore the evolution of domain-specific STEM self-efficacy in students in gateway physics and mathematics courses and how academic feedback influences the evolution of these differences with time. Further, this study explored whether gender differences in self-efficacy are consistent across STEM domains and how these differences change in response to academic feedback. Self-efficacy in multiple academic domains (current mathematics/science class, other STEM classes, and intended profession) was assessed at multiple time points with subscales adapted from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to understand how academic feedback provided by test scores influenced changes in self-efficacy. Students in all classes expressed different levels of self-efficacy toward different domains with the lowest self-efficacy toward their current class and the highest toward their intended profession. Only the current math/science class self-efficacy of men and women differed significantly, with women expressing lower self-efficacy. The differences in current class self-efficacy were evident very early in the class before substantive class feedback was received. The evolution of self-efficacy within the class and between classes was the same for men and women.
Pharmacokinetics and Opium-Eating: Metabolites, Stomach Aches and the Afterlife of De Quincey’s Addiction

Hannah Markley relies on current psychopharmacological understandings of how drugs ‘act’ and, in turn, are acted on by the body to produce drug effects, drawing attention to the entanglement of action and effect in modern scientific discussions of drugs. By focusing on the ways opiates are metabolised by the body, Markley argues that, despite his technically flawed accounts, De Quincey’s rhetoric of ‘opium-eating’ in Confessions (1821) forecasts current psychopharmacological explanations of how bodies and drugs interact. In this way, recent psychopharmacological descriptions of drugs and their metabolisation help to confirm De Quincey’s descriptions of the bilateral relationship between the opium user, or ‘eater’, and the drug itself.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Superantigens Induce Prophylactic Antiviral Activity Against Encephalomyocarditis Virus In Vivo and In Vitro.

The staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are classified as superantigens due to their potent stimulation of the immune system resulting in T cell activation and prodigious cytokine production and toxi...
Effects of snow and climate on soil temperature and frost development in forested peatlands in minnesota, USA

Abstract Black spruce (Picea mariana) peatlands play important ecologic and economic roles in the temperate-boreal region of North America, providing a valuable timber resource while also performing important ecosystem functions. Climate models project decreases in the amount of snowfall received throughout the temperate-boreal region by 2100, as average wintertime temperatures increase. We used a paired-plot experimental design to assess the effect of snow removal on soil temperature and frost development at six forested peatland sites in northern Minnesota, USA, during the three winters from 2017 to 2020. Treatments consisted of 1) removal of snow throughout the winter, or 2) ambient snow cover conditions. During the three years of the study, there was a significant effect of snow removal by mid-winter that continued into late winter and spring, where removal of snow increased soil frost depth compared to plots with ambient snow cover treatment. Soil temperatures in the removal plots were highly responsive to air temperature fluctuations to depths of 20 cm or more, whereas the ambient snow cover soils exhibited little fluctuation and maintained temperatures near or above 0° C for much of the winter season. We found that each cumulative freezing degree day resulted in an average of 0.36 cm of soil frost development in snow removal plots, as compared to 0.07 cm depth in the ambient treatment plots. Soils were significantly colder through much of the summer growing season in the removal treatment compared to the ambient treatment, with detectable soil frost in the soil profile as late as mid- to late-June. These results indicate that predicted changes in wintertime precipitation may result in increased development of soil frost in forested peatland systems, although some of this effect may be offset by predicted concurrent increases in air temperature. We did not measure indicators of biological activity, but the large and prolonged reduction in soil temperature with snow removal is likely to depress biological activity throughout the growing season and the many ecosystem functions it influences. Because of the role that soil temperature and frost play on the hydrologic and ecological processes of peatlands, as well as the crucial role of soil frost in peatland forest management, findings of this study provide important insight into the potential effects of altered winter conditions on these expansive and ecologically important ecosystems.
Klotho-independent actions of FGF23—targets, signal transduction, and cellular effects

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived, phosphate-regulating hormone that mediates its physiologic actions in target organs expressing FGF receptors (FGFRs) in conjunction with α-Klotho, a coreceptor for FGFRs significantly increasing the binding affinity of FGF23. In the kidney, FGF23-mediated activation of FGFR–α-Klotho complexes inhibits tubular phosphate reabsorption and reduces circulating 1,25 vitamin D3 levels. In the parathyroid gland, FGF23 inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone in an FGFR- and α-Klotho–dependent manner. Recently, it has been shown that FGF23 can also exhibit cellular effects in target tissues that express FGFRs but lack α-Klotho. These α-Klotho–independent signaling mechanisms only occur when highly elevated FGF23 concentrations are present. Significant increases in serum levels of FGF23 are a key characteristic of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hence, it is not surprising that CKD-related morbidities are strongly associated with massive elevations in circulating FGF23 levels. Indeed, FGF23 has been shown to directly contribute to pathophysiologic cellular alterations resulting in the following pathologies: left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis; induction of a proinflammatory cytokine response in the liver; inhibition of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation and renal fibrosis. In this chapter, we describe the signaling events that are caused by FGF23 in organs lacking α-Klotho and discuss their cellular actions and pathophysiologic consequences.
Policy and the Structure of Roll Call Voting in the U.S. House

Competition in the U.S. Congress has been increasingly characterized by competition along a single, left-right dimension. However, we challenge this characterization by showing the content of legislation has far more predictive power, particularly for members of the minority party, than the characteristics of members’ constituencies and their own characteristics, most notably their ideological position derived from scaling roll call votes. Using a machine learning approach, we identify a topics model for final passage votes in the 111th through the 113th House of Representatives and conduct out-of-sample tests to evaluate the predictive power of bill topics relative to other factors. We find that bill topics and congressional committees are important for predicting roll call votes but the other variables, including member ideology, lack predictive power. These findings raise serious doubts about the claim that congressional politics can be boiled down to competition along a single left-right continuum and shed new light on the debate about levels of polarization in Congress.
High dimensional frequency bin photonics entanglement

Entanglement and encoding in discrete frequency bins – essentially a quantum analogue of wavelength-division multiplexing – represents a relatively new degree of freedom for quantum information with photons. In this talk I discuss biphoton frequency combs, generated either by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) from on-chip microring resonators or by spectral filtering of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in second order nonlinear crystals. Potential advantages include generation of high dimensional units of quantum information (qudits), which can carry multiple qubits per photon, robust transmission over fiber, and frequency parallelism and routing. Since the initial experiments 2-3 years ago, frequency bin quantum photonics has been advancing rapidly [1, 2]. In this talk I will give special attention to high dimensional entanglement. One of the interesting possibilities is to perform mixing of multiple frequency bins in a single operation, going well beyond nearest neighbor “interactions.” In this vein I will comment on two recent experiments in our lab, each involving more than a dozen frequency bins. One experiment focuses on quantum walks of frequency entangled photon pairs, in which the input state can be coherently steered toward either correlated or anticorrelated quantum walk behavior [3]. In the second case, we show that high-dimensional frequency bin entanglement enables measurement of signal-idler delay at the few picosecond level, ~30× faster than the single photon detectors employed [4].
Implications of screening for coexisting transthyretin amyloidosis and aortic stenosis.

In recent years, transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) has transformed from a historically under-recognised disease to a crucial concern in cardiology driven by increased awareness, advent of non-invasive confirmatory algorithms using nuclear scintigraphy and development of effective pharmacological treatments. Approximately 25% of people over 85 years of age have ATTR deposition in the myocardium at autopsy, while severe aortic stenosis (AS) affects >3% of individuals over 75 years. On the background of an ageing population, with both wildtype ATTR-CA and AS highly prevalent in older adults, the coexistence of ATTR-CA with AS (AS-ATTR) is particularly pertinent to cardiologists. Prior studies have demonstrated that 8%–16% of patients with severe AS have coexistent ATTR (AS-ATTR)1–5 (table 1). Case ascertainment for ATTR-CA in a cohort with AS can be challenging as the two disease entities share common features, including older age, increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, diastolic dysfunction and elevated natriuretic peptides. Conceptually, a natural assumption may be that the two pathological processes are summative, specifically that the increased afterload from AS in combination with restrictive filling from infiltration with ATTR would result in more advanced disease and worse outcomes than either entity in isolation. View this table: Table 1 Variables from studies comparing AS-ATTR with lone AS that significantly differed between the two disease states In the current study, Patel and colleagues6 seek to better characterise the AS-ATTR cohort in comparison with AS alone, ATTR-CA alone, and older age controls without AS or ATTR-CA. A total of 583 patients were recruited from four prospective cohorts: (1) 81 controls from a sample of older adult patients of European origin; (2) 36 patients with AS-ATTR from two prospective observational studies in the UK and Vienna, Austria, in which patients 75 years or older with severe AS referred for a transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) underwent pre-TAVI nuclear …
Fusion of Text and Audio Semantic Representations Through CCA

Humans are natural multimedia processing machines. Multimedia is a domain of multi-modalities including audio, text and images. A central aspect of multimedia processing is the coherent integration of media from different modalities as a single identity. Multimodal information fusion architectures become a necessity when not all information channels are available at all times. In this paper, we introduce a multimodal fusion of audio signals and lyrics in a shared semantic space through canonical correlation analysis. We propose an audio retrieval system based on extended semantic analysis of audio signals. We will combine this model with a tf-idf representation of lyrics to achieve a multimodal retrieval system. We use canonical correlation analysis and supervised learning methods as a basis for relating audio and lyrics information. Our experimental evaluation of the proposed method indicated that the proposed model outperforms the prior approaches based on simple canonical correlation methods. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method allows for dealing with large music and lyrics collections enabling users to explore relevant lyrics information for music datasets.
The studies and development of synthetic methods for the synthesis of bioactive natural occurring products

ion by a carbonyl compound are ketyl radical (R2 C-OH) and the radical of the hydrogen donor molecule. Ketyl radicals may dimerize to give pinacols, they may undergo further hydrogen abstraction from the donor molecule yielding secondary alcohols, or they may combine with the donor radicals yielding adducts. The preferred final products depends upon the relative rates of these secondary processes and varies appreciably from system to system (Scheme II and Scheme III) Irradiation of acetone in cyclohexene yields mainly the addition product by radical combination whereas the major products from the anthrone ethyl ether system arisen by disproportionation of the ketyl and substrate radicals. In most systems dimerization of the ketyl radical is a minor process, but, benzophenone gives high yields of the pinacol and acetone from the irradiation of its propane-2-ol solution (Scheme IV) . As we know, solvent and substitution can influence the nature of the lowest excited state of unsaturated carbonyl compounds [ i.e., ^(n, tf*) or ^(tt, tt*)]. Hence, since the photoreduction arises from the ^(n, tt*) state, the efficiency of the process can be markedly affected by a change in solution
F-chart in European climates

The f-chart design method, and the design methods based on utilizability concepts (\(\bar \Phi\) and \(\bar \Phi\) f-charts) were developed for meteorological data of North America. These methods have been built into two design programs, FCHART 3 and FCHART 4, which have been widely used to predict the performance of standard types of systems.
Network-Embedded Programmable Storage and Its Applications

We consider the utility of two key properties of network-embedded storage: programmability and network-awareness. We describe two extensive applications, whose performance and functionalities are significantly enhanced through innovative combination of the two properties. One is an incremental file-transfer system tailor-made for low-bandwidth conditions. The other is a “customizable” distributed file system that can assume very different personalities in different topological and workload environments. The applications show how both properties are necessary to exploit the full potential of network-embedded storage. We also discuss the requirements of a general infrastructure to support easy and effective access to network-embedded storage, and describe a prototype implementation of such an infrastructure.