cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of age on use of thrombolytic therapy and mortality in acute myocardial infarction

The findings in 3,256 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction were tabulated to assess the history, treatments and outcome in the elderly; 1,848 patients (56%) were greater than 65 years of age, including 28% who were aged greater than or equal to 75 years. The incidence of prior angina, hypertension and heart failure (only 3% of patients less than 55 years of age had a history of heart failure compared with 24% greater than or equal to 75 years old) was found to increase with age. Twenty-nine percent of patients less than 75 years of age were treated with a systemic thrombolytic drug compared with only 5% of patients older than 75 years. Mortality rates increased strikingly with advanced age (less than 2% in patients less than or equal to 55, 4.6% in those 55 to 64, 12.3% in those 65 to 74 and 17.8% in those greater than or equal to 75 years). Both the incidence of complicating illness and a nondiagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) increased with age. In a multivariate analysis of outcome in older patients (greater than or equal to 65 years), adverse events were related to both prior history of heart failure (odds ratio 3.9) and increasing age (odds ratio 1.4 per each decade of age). Outcome was not improved by treatment with thrombolytic drugs, but these agents were prescribed to only 12% of patients greater than 65 years of age, thereby reducing the power for detecting such an effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
VERY LONG-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH BARE-METAL STENTS FOR UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Long-term clinical outcomes and risk factors over 10 years after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with bare-metal stents (BMS) for unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) have not been fully clarified. From March 1991 to August 2001, 151 patients who underwent PCI with BMS
A proton magnetic resonance study of the system: Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Sodium Sulfosuccinate—water-n-Octane

Abstract Proton magnetic resonance (pmr) has proved to be a useful technique for following the behavior of water in the complex equilibria produced when water is added to solutions of di-(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate, (Aerosol OT), in n -octane. This system passes through several clear and turbid phase transitions as water content is increased. On the basis of the appearance and location of water proton peaks in the various phases as compared to bulk water, it was possible to differentiate between solubilized and separated water and to draw some conclusions as to the participation of water in these phase transitions.
A model for microbubble fission in surfactant solutions

Abstract A new phenomenon was recently reported by Hills in which microbubbles of 148–203 μm diameter, colliding in plasma or in other solutions containing high concentrations of surfactants, disintegrate into many smaller bubbles. The progeny have diameters in the range from 35 to 44 μm and outnumber the progenitors by at least twenty to one. A priori, such a process would seem to violate elementary thermodynamic principles, an increase in surface area being associated ordinarily with an increase in the total free energy of the system. To resolve this paradox, we have carried out an analysis of the well-known competing phenomenon of bubble coalescence and have developed a detailed model for microbubble fission. We find, for example, that there is a threshold diameter for coalescence in a liquid and that this diameter is somewhat larger than the range of progenitor diameters for which fission is observed. Furthermore, microbubble fission can occur via an exothermic reaction if the surfactant molecules recruited by the expanding liquid-gas interface are enlisted from micelles, rather than from solution. The qualitative predictions of the model are in all respects consistent with Hills' observations, and the quantitative agreement is surprisingly good.
Ectopic pairing of chromosome regions containing chemically similar DNA.

Using genetically controlled stocks ofDrosophila melanogaster we have compared the frequency of ectopic pairing in a line showing intense quinacrine fluorescence at two sites (81F and 83E) on chromosome 3 with one showing such fluorescence at only one of these sites (81F). The frequency of ectopic pairing is an order of magnitude greater in cells from the line showing intense fluorescence in both regions than in the line showing it in only one. These data indicate that ectopic pairing is dependent upon properties of discrete chromosome regions as small as individual bands. Since A: T-rich chromatin is known to fluoresce intensely after quinacrine staining, these data further suggest that ectopic pairing is dependent on similarities of the DNA of the discrete chromosome regions involved.
Reverse Engineering Self-Modifying Code: Unpacker Extraction

An important application of binary-level reverse engineering is in reconstructing the internal logic of computer malware. Most malware code is distributed in encrypted (or "packed") form, at runtime, an unpacker routine transforms this to the original executable form of the code, which is then executed. Most of the existing work on analysis of such programs focuses on detecting unpacking and extracting the unpacked code. However, this does not shed any light on the functionality of different portions of the code so obtained, and in particular does not distinguish between code that performs unpacking and code that does not, identifying such functionality can be helpful for reverse engineering the code. This paper describes a technique for identifying and extracting the unpacker code in a self-modifying program. Our algorithm uses offline analysis of a dynamic instruction trace both to identify the point(s) where unpacking occurs and to identify and extract the corresponding unpacker code.
Distributed video streaming using unbalanced multiple description coding and forward error correction

This paper presents a distributed video streaming framework using unbalanced multiple description coding (MDC) and forward error correction. In the proposed video streaming framework, two senders simultaneously stream complementary descriptions to the receiver over different paths. To minimize the overall distortion and exploit the benefits of multi-path transport when the characteristics of each path are different, an unbalanced MDC method for wavelet-based coders combined with a TCP-friendly rate allocation algorithm is proposed. The proposed rate allocation algorithm adjusts the transmission rates and the channel coding rates for all senders in a coordinated fashion to minimize the overall distortion. Simulation results show that the proposed unbalanced MDC combined with our rate allocation algorithm achieves about 1-3 dB higher PSNR compared to conventional balanced MDC when the available bandwidth along each path is different in time-varying network conditions.
Source Credibility and the Language of Expert Testimony1

In an examination of the language used by expert witnesses during actual courtroom testimony, it was expected that experts who exhibited content themes related to their credentials or experience (expertise) and to objectivity (trustworthiness) would be perceived as being more credible. Forty-three segments of expert testimony were taken from actual court transcripts and content analyzed. Two-factor analytically derived factors predicted expert witness membership into low- and high-credibility groups, defined a priori by credibility judgments of undergraduate raters (n = 348). These factors were (a) the use of passive voice and (b) the witnesses' background and qualifications. Further analyses revealed that perceptions of expert witness credibility were also a function of the usage of words that connote power (an expert's official status, degree of prominence and/or recognition) or negative (suffering or damage). Results are discussed in terms of dimensions of source credibility and their parallels to past research in persuasion.
A general approach for closed-loop registration in AR

The typical registration process in augmented reality (AR) consists of three independent consecutive stages: static calibration, dynamic tracking, and graphics overlay. The result is that the real-virtual registration is “open loop”-inaccurate calibration or tracking leads to misregistration that is seen by the users but not the system. To cope with this, we propose a general approach to “close the loop” in the displayed appearance by using the visual feedback of registration for pose tracking to achieve accurate registration. Specifically, a model-based method is introduced to simultaneously track and augment real objects in a closed-loop fashion, where the model is comprised of the combination of the real object to be tracked and the virtual object to be rendered. This method is applicable to paradigms including video-based AR, projector-based AR, and diminished reality. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
Professional and Personal Coherence: The Life and Work of Melba Newell Phillips

Melba Newell Phillips (1907–2004) was a participant in a heroic age of physics, when the wraps were still being taken off the quantum and the nucleus. Her research collaborators included some of the greatest physicists of the age, yet she was first of all a teacher dedicated to her students. Having been privileged to be among Melba’s friends, we describe her life and career through personal anecdotes and reminiscences garnered from informal conversations with her over the years and quotations from her articles, talks, letters, and interviews. These glimpses, taken from her own words and those of her correspondents, offer an intimate view of the spirit of community that existed among the physicists of Melba’s generation and provide a window into the personalities of the physicists who strongly influenced the intellectual, technological, and geopolitical landscape of the twentieth century. We see a physics community that transcends national and cultural differences, challenges the misuse of authority, and lives out evidence-based reasoning. Through Melba’s recollections and correspondence, names in textbooks become genuine human beings with families, humanist interests, social values, and personal cares. For Melba and her friends, physics was more than a career – it was an adventure larger than life done with passion and craftsmanship. Yet they cared deeply about culture, art, books, politics, justice, history, music, and one another. We review Melba’s research and pedagogical legacies, from the Oppenheimer-Phillips process to textbooks, and the broad sweep of her leadership, from her role as a statesman of science and educator to a historian of physics. The dedication she poured into the understanding of Nature, the responsible stewardship of science, and the welfare of her students, are enduring monuments to her devotion and integrity.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Related Angioedema: Onset, Presentation, and Management

Objective:This study aimed to determine the duration of use, presentation, and management of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-related angioedema patients at an urban academic medical center.Methods:Retrospective chart review.Results:Eighty-eight patients who presented with ACE inhibitor-related angioedema between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, were identified. They presented anywhere from 1 day to 20 years after starting an ACE inhibitor. About half the patients (50.7%) presented after taking an ACE inhibitor for at least 1 year. Fifty-five patients were female (62.5%). Twenty-eight patients (31.8%) had an airway intervention with 27 intubated and 1 requiring cricothyroidotomy. Six patients were intubated after more than 1 flexible laryngoscopy. The percentage of patients with involvement of the face, lips, tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate/uvula, and larynx were 12.5%, 60.2%, 39.7%, 6.8%, 17.0%, and 29.5%, respectively. Sixty-eight percent of patients with laryngeal edema were int...
Verification of a 2-D to 3-D global/local finite element method for symmetric laminates

A two-dimensional to three-dimensional global/local finite element analysis technique, as applied to both cross-ply and general symmetric composite laminates, is presented. In particular, the local areas of interest for the laminate are the straight free edge in proximity to a hole and curved free edge of a hole. Verification of this technique was accomplished by comparison to results from complete three-dimensional finite element analyses. Examination of the interlaminar stress fields and the amount of time for their determination indicated that the global/local method developed yielded accurate results and was more efficient.
How Organizational Stakeholders Shape Performance Measurement in Nonprofits Exploring a Multidimensional Measure

Research on performance measurement by nonprofit organizations increasingly focuses on the use of outcome measurement (OM) to assess organizational effectiveness. This article applies a strategic c...
This is not Civil Rights: Discovering Rights Talk in 1939 America. By George I. Lovell. Chicago and London, UK: University of Chicago Press, 2012. 280 pp. $27.50 paper.

This is not Civil Rights: Discovering Rights Talk in 1939 America.By George I. Lovell. Chicago and London, UK: University of Chicago Press, 2012. 280 pp. $27.50 paper.Among the many rewards of reading George Lovell's This is Not Civil Rights is to see how much this skilled political scientist does with a study that appears, on the surface, distinctly modest. The book revolves around a collection of letters, written by Americans from all walks of life-men and women, old and young, black and white, economically comfortable and destitute, incarcerated and free-and sent to various federal government officials from 1939 to 1941. Each of the 879 letter writers in Lovell's sample asked their government for something, ranging from recovering cash stolen by corrupt policemen to replacing a lost job to overturning a wrongful conviction. The requests eventually reached lawyers in the Justice Department's newly created Civil Rights Section. These lawyers almost invariably responded that they lacked the power to help. And this is pretty much where Lovell's story ends: a plea and a rejection.Out of this, Lovell constructs a fascinating study of how a generation of ordinary Americans formulated claims on their gov- ernment, and the disappointing responses they received. Despite the lack of formal legal training on the part of most of these claimants, despite the fact that their requests frequently failed to identify legally cognizable claims, despite their inability to persuade the government lawyers to help, Lovell makes a persuasive case that these self-narrated glimpses into the hopes and frustrations of past lives merit close attention. They illuminate "how deeply talk of law and rights is woven into everyday political activity and engagement" (pp. 180--81). Especially of interest to Lovell is the "gap between citizens' expansive ideas of rights and the narrower understanding of responding government officials" (p. 3).Lovell identifies several provocative findings. One is that while existing law of the period generally did not accept the kinds of arguments found in the letters, their "creative" and "extravagant" claims often spoke to the future. Development in constitutional doctrine and the expansion of national authority in the coming years would move the legal capacity of the federal government appreciably closer to what these claimants envisioned. Another involves the government response. The federal lawyers, while expressing sympathy for the letter writers' situations, typically explained that legal constraints prevented them from helping. Yet in litigation, speeches, and writings, these same lawyers were demanding the loosening of these same constraints. The lawyers "not only hid the information that citizens needed to evaluate the department's decision, they also hid the broader political conflicts that were constraining federal responses to civil rights violations" (p. …
Vasopressin withdrawal associated with massive polyuria

Vasopressin has demonstrated success in the treatment of vasodilatory shock. 1 It is also frequently used to manage decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) during or after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We report a case of massive polyuria and increasing serum tonicity after withdrawal of a vasopressin infusion in a patient after cardiac surgery.
The Marshall Plan and the Division of Europe

Five distinguished scholars offer separate commentaries on the article by Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe. All of the commentators reject the broad interpretation and many of the specific arg...
Derivation of martian surface slope characteristics from directional thermal infrared radiometry

Abstract Directional thermal infrared measurements of the martian surface is one of a variety of methods that may be used to characterize surface roughness and slopes at scales smaller than can be obtained by orbital imagery. Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) emission phase function (EPF) observations show distinct apparent temperature variations with azimuth and emission angle that are consistent with the presence of warm, sunlit and cool, shaded slopes at typically ∼0.1 m scales. A surface model of a Gaussian distribution of azimuth independent slopes (described by θ -bar) is combined with a thermal model to predict surface temperature from each viewing angle and azimuth of the TES EPF observation. The models can be used to predict surface slopes using the difference in measured apparent temperature from 2 separate 60–70° emission angle observations taken ∼180° in azimuth relative to each other. Most martian surfaces are consistent with low to moderate slope distributions. The slope distributions display distinct correlations with latitude, longitude, and albedo. Exceptionally smooth surfaces are located at lower latitudes in both the southern highlands as well as in high albedo dusty terrains. High slopes are associated with southern high-latitude patterned ground and north polar sand dunes. There is little apparent correlation between high resolution imagery and the derived θ -bar, with exceptions such as duneforms. This method can be used to characterize potential landing sites by assuming fractal scaling behavior to meter scales. More precisely targeted thermal infrared observations from other spacecraft instruments are capable of significantly reducing uncertainty as well as reducing measurement spot size from 10s of kilometers to sub-kilometer scales.
Surgical Pearl: curetting with a punch.

From the Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine and the Houston Veterans Administration Hospital. Reprint requests: Ida Orengo, MD, Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, FB800, Houston,TX 77030. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:854-5. 16/74/107250 doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.107250 E veryone has, at one time or another, needed a curet when none was available. Some have tried to manage by scraping with a scalpel but found the flatness of blade suboptimal for proper curetting. We present a logical and economical alternative to the standard curet. First, what is a curet? Stedman’s Medical Dictionary describes it as an “instrument in the form of a loop, ring or scoop with sharpened edges attached to a rod-shaped handle, used for curettage.”1 Many dermatology offices use reusable curets. These durable instruments have a curved cutting end attached to a long handle. They can be washed and autoclaved after each use, thus are inexpensive in the long run. A disadvantage of these instruments is that they become dull with time and need to be sharpened periodically, adding extra cost to their use. For these reasons, many offices have switched to disposable curets. These instruments are either all plastic or have a metal loop connected to a plastic handle. Because they are disposable, there is no cost of autoclaving. In addition, the instruments are always sharp. Their disadvantage is cost, which can range from $1 to $3 each. We use both types of curets in our practice (Houston Veterans Administration Hospital). However, because of the large volume of patients with cancer and our limited budget, we have had to improvise when curets are not available. At first, we tried disposable 15-blade scalpels. These instruments were sharp, but the flat blade was difficult to maneuver. In addition, the procedure tended to splatter tissue and blood. Subsequently, we tried curetting with a disposable punch. These instruments have a sharp circular cutting edge similar to the disposable curet (Fig 1). They can be held like a pencil or a pen (Figs 2 and 3), which can mimic the cutting angle of a standard curet. With alternating flexion and extension of the wrist one can use the punch as a curette (Fig 4). On gross examination, we found that the disposable punch performed as well as a disposable curet. Therefore a disposable punch has potential uses, such as debulking tumor before excision; curetting and desiccation; and treatment of benign conditions such as warts, molluscum, or syringomas after light PEARLS
Some considerations for adoption of Nikolaeva's formula system into seed dormancy classification

The five versions of the M.G. Nikolaeva seed dormancy terminology and formulae system are correlated to each other and to the dormancy terminology proposed by Baskin and Baskin [Seed Science Research14, 1–16 (2004)]. The proposal is made that the dormancy formula scheme of Nikolaeva [Botanicheskii Zhurnal86, 1–14 (2001)] be adopted as part of an international seed dormancy classification system, and her logic for derivation of the new formulae for physiological and morphophysiological dormancy is discussed via examples. We conclude that there are several advantages of adopting formulae into a seed dormancy classification system. However, Nikolaeva's scheme, especially the part for morphophysiological dormancy, probably needs a small amount of further refinement.
Electromagnetic and spin polarizabilities in lattice QCD

We discuss the extraction of the electromagnetic and spin polarizabilities of nucleons from lattice QCD. We show that the external field method can be used to measure all the electromagnetic and spin polarizabilities including those of charged particles. We then turn to the extrapolations required to connect such calculations to experiment in the context of finite volume chiral perturbation theory. We derive results relevant for lattice simulations of QCD, partially-quenched QCD and quenched QCD. Our results for the polarizabilities show a strong dependence on the lattice volume and quark masses, typically differing from the infinite volume limit by {approx}10% for current lattice volumes and quark masses.
Acute monoarthritis from infectious mononucleosis.

Acute mononucleosis rarely is associated with inflammatory arthritis. Although some patients with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection complain of arthralgia, only 4 patients with associated inflammatory synovitis have been reported (1,2). We report a patient with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection who had associated monoarticular inflammatory knee arthritis. Genomic analysis of Epstein-Barr virus from synovial fluid illustrated a reactive arthritis, rather than replication of Epstein-Barr virus.
The gastroenterology fellowship Match: How it failed and why it could succeed once again

The market for gastroenterology (GI) fellows adopted a centralized Match in 1986, and abandoned it in the late 1990s. We discuss why the Match initially was adopted, how and why it broke down, what differences this has made in the market for fellows, and what would be needed to restart the Match successfully. We assess the effects of the Match by comparing the GI fellows market now with when the Match was operating, and with the fellowship markets for internal medicine subspecialties that continue to use a Match. The breakdown ofa well-functioning Match is rare, but may be caused by unusual shifts in market conditions, such as those experienced by gastroenterology in the late 1990s. The problems the gastroenterology Match originally was designed to solve re-emerged with the demise ofthe Match. The market has become more local and less national, than when there was a Match in place, and program recruitment off ellows occurs earlier and is more dispersed in time than internal medicine subspecialties that continue to use a Match. There is no evidence that the demise of the Match has had any effect on wages. The evidence strongly suggests that the Match could be reintroduced successfully, which would increase the mobility ofpotential GI f ellows, allow potential fellows to compete for the widest range of programs, and allow programs to compete for the widest range off ellows.
Unplanned birth: psychology at the University of Arizona.

Arizona did not change from territorial status to statehood until 1912. Before then it was raw frontier of the sort depicted in western cowboy cinema, and the early growth of its first university and of psychology within the university reveals the brashness those films often depict. The regents name one of their number a professor of agriculture so they can claim they are entitled to a grant, a mining engineer teaches the three seniors psychology, a poet draws the assignment for several years, a psychologist shows Mexican-Americans with Indian blood to be inferior to those without, and more. But somehow research and graduate education eventually emerge.
Towards an analytic model of epidemic spreading in heterogeneous systems

Mathematical models have been utilized to help understand the epidemic spreading of malicious codes (e.g., computer virus and worms). However, existing such models are either adapted from the ones developed to capture the epidemic spreading of biologically infectious diseases in homogeneous systems, or suitable only for a very specific class of heterogeneous systems. In this paper we present an attempt at building an analytic model of epidemic spreading of malicious codes in arbitrary heterogeneous systems.
Conformational energy calculations on the CNS‐active peptide Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐NH2

Partitioned potential energy calculations, inclusive of hydrogen bond potential function, were performed on the molecular conformations of the endocrine- and extraendocrine-active tripeptide H-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2. A complete search for energetically stable structures revealed the presence of type Iβ and IIβ turn conformations, with the latter being the preferred conformation. Results of cndo/2 molecular orbital calculations were found to be in consonance with the partitioned potential energy calculations. These data are in agreement with earlier nuclear magnetic resonance and crystallographic studies.
EXAMINATION OF VARIABLES IN THE RADIATION-INDUCED SOLID-STATE POLYMERIZATION OF TRIOXANE

Additional studies have been conducted on the radiation-induced, solid-state polymerization of trioxane. The out-of-source polymerization rate has been investigated as a function of radiation dose and of temperature and time of polymerization. The empirical relationship of log time ∝ Y (where Y is the polymerization percentage) was found to be satisfactory over wide ranges of conversion, of dose, and of polymerization time. At a given dose, the yield was directly proportional to the RSV1.33 (where RSV is the reduced specific viscosity). Either increasing the dose or decreasing the particle size gave lower RSV values at the same conversions.
Diffraction image formation in optical systems with polarization aberrations. II: Amplitude response matrices for rotationally symmetric systems

In the previous paper in this series (McGuire and Chipman, 1990), a formulation was established for the calculation and analysis of diffraction image quality in polarizing optical systems illuminated with partially polarized, partially coherent light. In the present paper, the effect of second- and fourth-order polarization aberrations on the image plane diffraction patterns are examined. The amplitude response matrix is calculated for optical systems with small numerical apertures. Numerical results are presented for optical systems with circular apertures for three of the aberration types.
Comparison of poling techniques for inducing piezoelectric behavior in PVF 2

This paper compares various techniques for poling PVF2 Him for piezoelectric and pyroelectric applications. Criteria for the choice of a technique include high piezo and pyro activities of the resulting film, low failure rate due to electrical breakdown during poling, and long-term stability of activities. The techniques discussed include field poling at room and elevated temperatures, and corona discharge under various conditions. The effects of various film pretreatments and film electrode configurations on the poling process will also be presented.
Chapter 9 – Psychrometrics

Psychrometrics is a study of the thermodynamic properties of air-water vapor mixtures. Properties such as specific volume, specific heat, enthalpy are used in determining the characteristics of air used in operations such as drying and rehydration. Other properties of air such as dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, humidity ratio describe the status of water in the air. Knowledge of these properties is required in examining processes such as adiabatic saturation of air. Various properties of air are assembled on a psychrometric chart. These charts are useful in evaluating properties as well as air-conditioning processes involving heating, cooling, humidification, and dehumidification.
4.10 Single Molecule Fluorescence Techniques for Myosin

Fluorescence has been used to probe the function of myosins for many years. With the advent of sensitive cameras and enhanced optical techniques that allow the visualization of single fluorophores, the use of fluorescence techniques has proven to be very powerful. The position of some myosins while moving processively along actin filaments, either in vitro or in vivo , can be tracked. The step-sizes of these myosins can be measured using super-resolution fluorescence techniques. The binding and dissociation of fluorescent nucleotide analogs can be followed over time. Fluorescence polarization techniques can be used to measure the angular change of a myosin lever arm. Altogether, these techniques have helped further the understanding of the mechanochemical basis for myosin action at the single molecule level.
The Inidan Child Welfare Act of 1978: Protecting Essential Tribal Interests

The young Indian girl spoke quietly: ‘I can remember [the welfare worker] coming and taking some of my cousins and friends. I didn't know why and I didn't question it. It was just done and it had always been done . . ..’ This casenote will attempt to analyze the Indian Child Welfare Act in three ways: first, by reviewing the history of the jurisdictional conflict between state courts and the federal trust relationship with Indian tribes; second, by reviewing procedures and safeguards the ICWA provides with regard to Indian tribal jurisdiction over child custody proceedings; and third, by reviewing the status of the ICWA ten years after its enactment. Based on these analyses, this note then proposes changes to the language of the Act to eliminate loopholes which inhibit the achievement of the ICWA's purposes and policies. Generally, these proposals consist of amending the Act's language regarding ‘good cause’ and providing more specific definitions for ‘Indian child,’ ‘family’ and ‘domicile.’
The Constitutionality of the New Claims Court

On October I, 1982, the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982 became effective. Among other innovations, the Act creates a new Article I trial court, the United States Claims Court, which assumes most of the trial jurisdiction of the current Court of Claims. A recent Supreme Court decision, however, has raised questions concerning the constitutionality of the Claims Court.In Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co., 102 S.Ct. 2858 (1982), the Supreme Court struck down the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 because it unconstitutionally vested Article III judicial power in a court composed of Article I judges. This has led to some concern that the Federal Courts Improvement Act may suffer from a similar constitutional infirmity.
Image-log calibration of fracture-azimuth and fracture-density attributes from OVT prestack depth-migrated data

Abstract Potentials and limitations for acquisition and processing are examined, given the industry's interest in quantifying orthorhombic anisotropy contained in 3D P-P field data. A field-data case presents one aspect of azimuthal prestack amplitudes and demonstrates these limitations and potentials. Careful amplitude analysis of azimuth-limited near-offset prestack migrated volumes reveals significant azimuthal variations that are consistent with calibration measurements.
Cultivating Perception: Bridging Schematic Patterns and Audience in Franz Joseph Haydn's Violoncello Concertos

iii Acknowledgments vi List of Tables and Figures ix Introduction 1 PART I: Franz Joseph Haydn and His Audience Chapter 1. Haydn and His Dichotomy of Style 5 Chapter 2. Enlightenment Aesthetics and Taste 8 Chapter 3. Haydn’s Awareness of His Audience 11 Chapter 4. Haydn’s Audience and the Concerto Genre 15 PART II: Haydn’s Two Concertos for Violoncello Chapter 5. Expectation and Repetition in the Classic‐Period Concerto 18 Chapter 6. Explanation of Analytical Terminology 22 Chapter 7. Movement Unity—Repetition of Thematic Schemas 26 Chapter 8. Formal Choices in Third Movements: Repetition Implications of the Rondo Form 31 Chapter 9. Thematic Expectations 35 Chapter 10. Phrase and Cadence Expectations 41 Chapter 11. Galant Schemata 46 PART III: Musical Perception Chapter 12. Musical Perception, Compositional Intent, and the Modern Dilemma 54 Chapter 13. Schemas and Expectations: The Psychology of Experience 58 Chapter 14. Symbiotic Relationships between Artistic Participants 63 Conclusion 66
Hybrid High- and Low-Thrust Optimal Path Planning for Satellite Formation Flying

In this paper, an optimal path planning strategy for satellite formation flying subject to the central gravity field is proposed using both high- and low-thrust based on a hybrid system approach. The hybrid optimal path planning problem is defined to find reconfiguration or rendezvous trajectories using both propulsion systems which minimize the fuel usage necessary for the maneuvers. This problem is formulated as a hybrid optimal control problem where optimal switching times between two propulsion systems and optimal control history for each system should be determined. The problem is then converted into a multi-phase optimization problem and solved by using a nonlinear optimization software named GPOPS. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed approach is more effective in terms of fuel usage than conventional high-thrust two-impulse maneuvers.
Effects of MINS rotation-modulating on transfer alignment

The INS rotation-modulating technology can reduce the effect of constant drift of inertial instrument and improve the long-time navigation accuracy,but it also introduces the velocity error which is caused by rotation and fluctuates with rotation period and double rotation period.The effects of rotation-modulating on transfer alignment are analyzed based on the error characteristic of rotation-modulating INS,and the analysis results are tested by computer simulation.The simulation result shows that rotation-modulating has less effect on transfer alignment when rotation-modulating period is much longer than Schuler period,and can improve transfer alignment precision when rotation-modulating period is more shorter than Schuler period while transfer alignment time is longer.For example,when the rotation-modulating period is,the level alignment accuracy can be improved from 1.2′to 0.2′,while alignment time is prolonged from 3min to 4min;the azimuth alignment accuracy also can be improved from 2.2′to 0.4′,while alignment time is prolonged from 10 min to 16 min..
Existing problems in construction and use of clean operation department in hospital and its countermeasures

With the increased application of air cleaning technology in hospital operation room environment and the creation of national relevant specification,hospitals and the society pay great attention to clean operation room,and the construction of clean operation department has been popularized energetically. However,with the rapid development of the hospital construction and the gradually popularization of the clean operation room,there are some problems in construction and use of clean operation department in hospital due to the reasons such as technology,management and specification. The insufficient design ability,lack of professional ethics,uneven technical level of construction teams,as well as the existing problems of supervision and use management of the hospital cause some imperfections in construction and use of clean operation department. In order to make full use of clean operation department in hospitals,the relevant departments should strengthen technical guidance,and the construction company should actively participate in the design,focus on supervision,pay attention to hospital personnel training,and strengthen management,system maintenance and regular monitoring. It is necessary to improve the construction and use of clean operation department,to make the clean operation department reflect the symbol of modernized hospital.
Stromal Incorporation of VEGFR-1+, CD68+ and α-SMA+ Hemangiogenic Cells Correlates with Histologic Subtype in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Tumor stromal environment has been increasingly recognized to contribute to tumorigenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1+ (VEGFR-1+) hematopoietic cells and alpha-smooth muscle actin+ (α-SMA+) stromal cells both contribute to tumor neo-angiogenesis. However, their roles in promoting neo-angiogenesis specifically in human lymphomas remain unknown. METHODS: We examined the spatial localization of vascular and stromal cells expressing CD34 (vasculature), α-SMA (stromal cells), VEGFR-1 (hematopoietic cells and neo-vessels) and CD68 (myelomonocytic hematopoietic cells) by immunohistochemistry in 42 cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) specimens, which include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n=28), Burkitt lymphoma (BL, n=2), follicular lymphoma (FL, n=7), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL, n=5). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in CD68+ hematopoietic cells and a profound increase in the tissue hemangiogenic index, as defined by the degree of infiltration of both VEGFR-1+ neo-vessels and CD68+ cells, in aggressive lymphomas including DLBCL as compared to the indolent subtypes. Specifically, CD68 cell counts (mean±S.E. in 200X high power field (HPF)) for aggressive vs. indolent vs. benign hyperplasia were: 235.48±16.91 (n=30) vs. 35.98±4.48 (n=12) vs. 79.06±12.41 (n=5), p<0.0001 by ANOVA test; hemangiogenic index for DLBCL vs. CLL vs. FL: 18.14±1.27% (n=5) vs. 3.39±0.97% (n=4) vs. 6.08±1.26% (n=5), p< 0.0001. Transformed DLBCL (from indolent subtypes) had a similar increase in CD68+ cells compared to de novo DLBCL (193.97±58.10 (n=5) vs. 241.77±18.15 (n=23), p=0.81). In DLBCL, CD68+ cells were localized to the peri-endothelial region of the VEGFR-1+ neo-vessels and stromal compartment. Remarkably, although the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was barely detectable in the aggressive subtypes, there was a profound diffuse increase of α-SMA throughout the stromal compartment of CLL/SLL. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between the CD34+ microvessel density (MVD) and the lymphoma subtypes (aggressive vs. indolent vs. benign hyperplasia: 39.29±3.42 vs. 41.88±5.38 vs. 47.92±5.84, p=0.61). CONCLUSIONS: These data introduce the novel concept that the extent of vessel density has no correlation with the histologic grade of lymphomas. However, the stromal hemangiogenic index, as quantified by the incorporation of CD68+, VEGFR-1+, and α-SMA+ cells, correlates with NHL subtypes. Increased incorporation of pro-angiogenic CD68+ cells and diminished localization of α-SMA+ cells to the peri-vascular zone may contribute to enhanced neo-angiogenesis and tumor growth in DLBCL; while decrease in the CD68+ cells and increase in the α-SMA+ cells may promote neo-vessel stability in CLL/SLL. Thus stromal hemangiogenic components in lymphoma could potentially be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Exotic Romance: The Doubled Hero in The Scarlet Pimpernel and The Sheik

I was born too late in the twentieth century to have my romance-reading fires lit by The Scarlet Pimpernel (1905) or The Sheik (1919). My generation learned the structures of romance from Gone with the Wind (1939). Margaret Mitchell’s two heroes were actually two different men, not a doubled one; they did, however, appeal to the curious virgin and the managing mother in Scarlett, and in me. When I saw Leslie Howard play Ashley Wilkes in the film version, I knew why Ashley attracted me as much as Rhett, and wished they were both one hero; when later I saw Leslie Howard star in The Scarlet Pimpernel on late-night television I saw my doubled/unified hero in the flesh and went hunting the original novel. Little did I know at the time that this romanticized version of Englishness was written by a Hungarian emigre, that the 1934 film version I saw on television was produced by the Hungarian emigre Alexander Korda, and that its Regency dandy star was the grandson of a Hungarian.
Transport Laws and Multi-valued Vector Fields

In this Chapter, a classification of discontinuity in discontinuous dynamical systems will be discussed first. To discuss the singularity to the boundary, the grazing and inflexional singular sets on the boundary will be presented, and the real and imaginary singular sets will be also discussed. With permanent flow barriers, the forbidden boundary and the boundary channel will be presented. The forbidden boundary will not allow any flows passing through the boundary, and the boundary channel will not allow any boundary flows getting into the corresponding domains. Further, the domain and boundary classification will be addressed. Sink and source domains will be discussed. Similarly, the sink and source boundary will be also presented. To make flows continue in discontinuous dynamical systems, transport laws are needed for C 0-discontinuity, flow barriers, isolated domains and boundary channels. Multi-valued vector fields in a single domain will be introduced. With the simplest transport law (i.e., the switching rule), bouncing flows on the boundary will be presented, and extendable flows will be discussed as well. A controlled piecewise linear system will be presented as an application, and vector fields on both sides of the boundary will be switched at the boundary. Bouncing flows will be illustrated in such a controlled piecewise linear system.
Ecological epigenetics in marine metazoans

In this horizon scan article, I review the emerging area of ecological epigenetics in marine animals with studies of DNA methylation as the primary focus. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation have the capacity to create rapid changes in phenotypic plasticity. Epigenetic modifications of DNA are mechanisms that modify gene expression, and may do so in marine animals in an environmentally-induced manner. Thus, changes in the transcriptome that are driven by DNA methylation in response to environmental change may be one process by which marine animals can respond to anthropogenic, environmental change. From a technical standpoint, assays to quantify levels of DNA methylation, and next-generation sequencing approaches are opening up new avenues of exploration, such as simultaneously profiling the transcriptome and the methylome. A horizon scan for this topic suggests that the use of epigenomics and other methods to quantify DNA methylation will likely reveal important mechanisms of response to rapid environmental change in marine metazoans.
IL-10 Gene Polymorphisms and Self-Medication With Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

BACKGROUND Genetic influences on self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs merit investigation. For example, patients frequently use OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat inflammation, but the inflammatory response is also affected by endogenous cytokines whose production varies across polymorphisms of their encoding genes. In the case of interleukin 10 (IL-10), literature suggests that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the cytokine's gene (-1082 A > G [rs1800896]) influences production with higher levels associated with G variant alleles. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of researching the role of genetics in self-medication by using existing national survey data to evaluate a possible association between OTC NSAID use and genotype at the -1082 SNP of the IL-10 gene. METHODS Statistical analyses were performed using data from 6,309 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). RESULTS OTC NSAID use (aspirin or ibuprofen) in the previous month was significantly more common among persons with AG or GG genotypes at the -1082 SNP. Odds of use consistently increased relative to the number of G alleles. This trend remained statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.14 per additional G allele, p = .02, 95% confidence interval [1.02, 1.27]) after adjustment for confounding. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of population-based genetic data suggests an association between a common self-medication behavior and a specific genetic polymorphism. These findings broadly demonstrate that NHANES data provide opportunities to investigate such associations and specifically imply that potential interrelationships among OTC NSAID use, IL-10 genotype, and IL-10 cytokine levels deserve further study.
Cosolvency and Cosolvent Polarity

The solubilities of three poorly soluble drugs, phenytoin, benzocaine, and diazepam, in cosolvent– water mixtures have been previously shown to be approximated by the log-linear solubility equation; log (Sm/Sw) = σf, where Sm and Sw represent the solubilities of the drug in the solvent mixture and water, respectively, f is the volume fraction of cosolvent, and σ is the slope of a plot of log (Sm/Sw) vs f. In this study, the slopes, σ, of the solubility plots were related to indexes of cosolvent polarity including the dielectric constant, solubility parameter, surface tension, interfacial tension, and octanol–water partition coefficient. Those polarity indexes that reflect the cohesive properties of the solvents such as the solubility parameter and interfacial tension resulted in the highest correlations with the slope, σ. The hydrogen bonding ability of the neat cosolvent, expressed as the density of proton donating groups (HBD) or acceptor groups (HBA), was also found to be highly correlated with σ. Additional relationships derived from theories involving solubility parameters and interfacial tension provide improved correlations between the cosolvent polarity and σ. These results and analysis provide the basis for the estimation from physicochemical parameters of the appropriate type and amount of cosolvent needed to solubilize nonpolar drugs.