cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Family and Peer Protective Factors on Girls’ Violence Perpetration and Victimization

Abstract Purpose This study investigates whether family and peer connections and prosocial norms buffer adolescent girls' violence involvement and whether a youth development intervention augments the power of these protective factors in reducing girls' risk for violence. Methods Data were obtained from 253 13–17-year-olds enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of Prime Time , a youth development intervention offered through urban clinic settings to girls at high risk for pregnancy. Participants completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview survey at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months after enrollment. Protective factors included scales assessing family and peer connections and prosocial norms. Outcome variables were violence victimization and perpetration scales measured at 18 months. Results Family connections and prosocial norms independently protected girls against violence involvement. Peer prosocial norms also served as a protective buffer against violence perpetration and victimization; however, girls with strong peer connections had higher levels of violence perpetration. Participation in Prime Time augmented the protective effects of family and peer connections on girls' violence victimization but not perpetration. Prime Time participants who had high levels of family connections reported the lowest levels of violence victimization at 18 months. Prime Time participants with strong peer connections trended toward lower levels of violence victimization than other girls. Conclusions Results suggest that effects of the Prime Time intervention on violence victimization were optimized among high-risk adolescent girls with strong connections to family and peers. The intervention was most potent in preventing violence victimization among girls with strong prosocial connections to family and peers.
The Theory of Political Ambiguity.

The ambiguity of politicians' words and actions is sometimes attributed to rational seeking of support or votes. Such an explanation must clearly specify the preferences and decision processes among constituents and the calculations by politicians which make ambiguity seem attractive.The leading effort of this sort is Shepsle's lottery theory, in which politicians take probabilistic stands on issues in order to appeal to risk acceptant, expected-utility-maximizing voters. But the lottery theory suffers from several difficulties. Its predictions are not strong; it can at best account for only certain kinds of observed ambiguous behavior; its main condition for the prediction of ambiguity—risk acceptance among constituents—may not be met; and the expected utility model of risky decision making is not well supported by available evidence.An emphasis allocation theory is suggested as an alternative. According to it, ambiguity involves an effort to reduce the salience of conflictual matters (such as specific policy alternatives) in the evaluation of politicians, so that attention will be paid to consensual appeals (peace, prosperity, honesty in government).
Genetic algorithm optimized perfectly matched layers for finite difference frequency domain applications

The perfectly matched layer (PML) has previously been introduced by Berenger (1994) as a material absorbing boundary condition for electromagnetic waves and applied in two- and three-dimensional FDTD simulations. This PML boundary condition has been interpreted as a coordinate stretching scheme in a complex space. Chew and Jin [1995] analyzed the propagation of electromagnetic waves on a discrete PML lattice, and derived closed form expressions for the reflection coefficients from PML interfaces, Unlike for a continuous medium PML, the reflection from a discrete medium PML interface coefficient does not vanish for all frequencies and angles. In this paper, the parameters defining a multilayer discrete PML medium terminated by a conducting plane are optimized to minimize the absorber's reflection coefficient over a specified range of frequencies and incident angles. This optimization is performed using a genetic algorithm and results in profiles quite different from the commonly used linear and quadratic ones.
Alterations in H+-ATPase Gene Expression in Response to Salt

The accumulation of messages for the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and the 70 kD subunit of the tonoplast H+-ATPase was studied in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv “Large Cherry Red”) responding to salt and drought stress. There was an increased accumulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase message in roots and expanded leaves of tomato plants treated with 400 mM NaCl. Message for the 70 kD subunit of the tonoplast H+-ATPase only increased in the expanded leaves of salt treated plants; no increased accumulation was observed in either roots or unexpanded leaves. In response to drought there was no increase in message accumulation for the 70 kD subunit of the tonoplast H+-ATPase in any of the tissues examined. Only a minimal increase in plasma membrane H+-ATPase accumulation was observed in the roots of drought stressed plants, and no increases were observed in the leaves.
Development of a generalized learning transfer system inventory

This study expands on the concept of the learning transfer system and reports on the validation of an instrument to measure factors in the system affecting transfer of learning. The Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) was developed and administered to 1,616 training participants from a wide range of organizations. Exploratory common factor analysis revealed a clean interpretable factor structure of sixteen transfer system constructs. Second-order factor analysis suggested a three-factor higher order structure of climate, job utility, and rewards. The instrument development process, factor structure, and use of the LTSI as a diagnostic tool in organizations are discussed.&copy 2000 Jossey-Bass, A Publishing Unit of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Formal Theory of Scattering

As transformation theory is to the kinematics, so scattering theory is to the dynamics of much of advanced quantum theory, for both nonrelativistic and relativistic particles. In this chapter we describe the formal theory of scattering in the three time-development pictures of Heisenberg, Schrodinger, and Dirac. All three formulations culminate in the central operator of scattering theory—the S-matrix, from which transition probabilities, decay rates, and cross sections are computed. While this approach is at times quite formal, it is worth elaborating in detail in order that we may appreciate the underlying structure of Feynman diagrams to be developed in later chapters.
Time Scale Analysis and Synthesis of Deterministic and Stochastic Wind Energy Conversion Systems

The threat of climate change and diminishing fossil fuels demands nothing short of an energy revolution, a transformation which is already underway as renewable energy markets exhibit enormous and steady growth. This paper presents design of optimal control schemes for Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) based on a time scale technique. The dynamics governing the mechanical components of a variable speed wind turbine are decoupled to bring about model order reduction, facilitating computationally efficient control schemes. Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR) and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers for deterministic and stochastic WECS models are discussed at length. Comparisons were made between controllers for the reduced order and full order systems. The results manifest the effectiveness of the proposed method, which provides comparable control while reducing model order and increasing computational efficiency.
A Meta-Analysis Evaluation of Feeding Melengestrol Acetate to Feedlot Heifers Implanted with Estradiol, Trenbolone Acetate, or the Combination of Estradiol and Trenbolone Acetate

Abstract Mixed models were used to study feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) to feedlot heifers implanted with an estrogenic compound (EST), trenbolone acetate (TBA), or the combination of EST and TBA. One hundred one treatment means from 18 research trials were included in the analyses. Estrogenic implants increased DMI (p
LOMARK: A Bidding Strategy

Current competitive bidding strategies and their deficiencies are reviewed. A new bidding strategy method (LOMARK) is presented for use by small to medium-sized contractors working in the local market environment. The method estimates an optimal markup by predicting the chances of winning future bids by treating the local market structure as a single system. Some advantages of the LOMARK method are that it: (1) Assumes implicit dependency between bids; (2) expands the data base for beating a given set of major competitors; (3) varies the percentage markup based on the probable known competitors; (4) is easy to understand; (5) does not require operation by digital computer; and (6) assumes a business strategy. Since LOMARK is not a sequential bidding model, it can not be used in deciding which jobs to bid in the future.
Metabolism and Homeostasis

The processes occurring in microcosms are the same as those found in ecosystems, but they are simplified since the system is enclosed and isolated. We consider in Chapter 2 the metabolic basis of microecosystems. The main processes are photosynthetic production, consumption, and the recycling of nutrients. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are produced, consumed, and exchanged with the atmosphere. Organic biomass is produced, accumulated, or used up, depending on conditions. There is a self-regulating homeostasis in the coupling of production and consumption, which makes microcosms remarkably stable. In this chapter, using models and simulations, we examine the metabolism of various types of microcosms and the patterns of diurnal variation, succession, and temperature change. Special emphasis is placed on the internal responses to external sources.
A CCCS-Based Approach to Modeling of Thermal Coupling

A new approach to modeling of thermal coupling based on current-controlled current sources is developed. The approach is compatible with existing compact models, simple to implement, and does not require any additional circuit nodes. A Verilog-A implementation is presented, along with an SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor example.
Time Lag to Diagnosis of Stroke

Time to diagnosis was determined in 41 children, 0 to 18 years, with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke documented prospectively or by retrospective chart review of the last 2 years database, at State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY.
Laboratory Information Bulletin: Quantitation of Aflatoxin M1 in Bovine Milk by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

An extraction for aflatoxin M1 from bovine milk samples is described. The samples were extracted by adding 10 mL acetonitrile to 10 g of sample. The extract was salted out with sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate to separate the water and acetonitrile. The organic layer was dried down and reconstituted in water before being subjected to an immunoaffinity column for cleanup. Once the analyte was isolated, quantitation was obtained by LC with fluorescence detection. LC/fluorescence parameters were optimized with an Agilent Poroshell 120 C18 LC column resulting in a 4 min run time. To test the procedure's robustness, three different kinds of matrixes were fortified at three different levels each. Whole milk, reduced fat milk, and skim milk samples were fortified at approximately 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/kg. Recoveries from all samples ranged from 70 to 100%. Confirmation was accomplished by injecting the samples in an ion trap mass spectrometer. The method presented here entails an extraction step followed by an immunoaffinity column clean-up that leads to fast analysis time and consistent recoveries with an uncertainty measurement of 10.5% and method detection limit of less than 0.011 μg/kg.
Fingerprinting of galectins in normal, P. aeruginosa-infected, and chemically burned mouse corneas.

PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to assess whether the expression pattern of galectins is altered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected and chemically burned mouse corneas. METHODS Galectin (Gal) fingerprinting of normal, P. aeruginosa-infected, and silver nitrate-cauterized corneas was performed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In normal corneas, Gal-1 was distributed mainly in the stroma, Gal-3 was localized mainly in epithelium, and Gal-7, -8, and -9 were detected in both corneal epithelium and stroma. Expression levels of the five galectins were drastically altered under pathological conditions. In both infected and cauterized corneas, overall Gal-3 expression was downregulated, whereas overall Gal-8 and -9 were upregulated. Changes in the expression level of Gal-7, -8, and -9 were distinct in the epithelium of infected and cauterized corneas. Expression of these three galectins was upregulated in corneal epithelium of infected corneas but not in cauterized corneas. Consistent with the changes in protein expression: (1) Gal-7, -8, and -9 mRNA expression was upregulated in cauterized corneas, and (2) Gal-3 mRNA was downregulated and Gal-9 mRNA expression was upregulated in infected corneas. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate differential regulation of various members of the galectin family in the course of corneal infection and neovascularization. The emerging functionality of the sugar code of cell surface receptors via endogenous galectins reflect to the pertinent roles of the five tested galectins in the diseases of cornea.
In Vitro Inactivation of Conidia of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea rileyi by Human Gastric Juice

The half-life of conidia of Nomuraea rileyi treated in vitro with human gastric juice (pH 1.2) was ca. 23 min as measured by mortality of larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Ca. 20 and 90% of the infectivity was lost after 20 and 30 min, respectively. The half-life in infectivity of conidia exposed to HCI (pH 1.2) was ca. 30 min. No loss of infectivity was detected in conidia exposed to either neutralized human gastric juice or phosphate buffer. Conidia exposed to human gastric juice for more than 30 min would not grow when cultured on Sabouraud maltose agar plus yeast.
The pain of agreement: Calvin and the Consensus Tigurinus

In 1549, Calvin signed the ‘Agreement of the Ministers of the Church of Zurich and of John Calvin, Minister of the Church of Geneva, on the Subject of the Sacraments’ (=the Zurich Consensus). There can be no argument that to do so, Calvin had to subscribe to formulations he had never previously publicly accepted. So the question persists as to why Calvin did so? Some have pointed out the wandering path of Calvin's teaching on the Lord's Supper, and have suggested that the Zurich Agreement represented Calvin's thought, at least at that time. This article will argue differently, that Calvin's eucharistic doctrine did change over time, but that this agreement represented a special moment of political expediency, and fervor for evangelical union. Yet even though it was a genuine effort at ecumenical union with other evangelicals supported through doctrinal vagueness, it was also an ironic failure which should cause theologians and historians of the early-modern period to think more about the utility of religi...
Early Complications of Contemporary Anatomical Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

AbstractAnatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy is commonly performed to treat select patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Because this recently introduced surgical technique is technically demanding, and since early detection programs have altered the age and stage distribution of men undergoing radical prostatectomy, earlier reports describing complication and death rates from radical prostatectomy may not accurately reflect contemporary experience. A retrospective review of 1,342 radical retropubic prostatectomies performed during a 5-year period showed an early complication rate of 7.4%. The most common complications were thromboembolic (pulmonary embolism) and cardiac (myocardial infarction). Patient age, mode of diagnosis (transurethral resection of the prostate versus needle biopsy) and pathological stage of the tumor did not correlate with the rate of complications. Three patients died in this series (0.2%). This retrospective review shows that contemporary anatomical retropubic...
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer: Standard of Care or Unproven Therapy?

The failure of radical cystectomy to cure the majority of patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has prompted clinical trials evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy. No properly conducted prospective trials are available to support unequivocally the application of pre- or postsurgical chemotherapy. A large trial comparing chemotherapy with no chemotherapy and standard treatment (cystectomy) is nearing completion. The results will determine whether or not adjuvant chemotherapy becomes the standard of care.
What every urologist should know about female sexual dysfunction.

SSI Grand Master Lecture 1 ‘What every urologist should know about female sexual dysfunction’
Unmanned aerial vehicles for the assessment and monitoring of environmental contamination: An example from coal ash spills.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer new opportunities to monitor pollution and provide valuable information to support remediation. Their low-cost, ease of use, and rapid deployment capability make them ideal for environmental emergency response. Here we present a UAV-based study of the third largest coal ash spill in the United States. Coal ash from coal combustion is a toxic industrial waste material present worldwide. Typically stored in settling ponds in close proximity to waterways, coal ash poses significant risk to the environment and drinking water supplies from both chronic contamination of surface and ground water and catastrophic pond failure. We sought to provide an independent estimate of the volume of coal ash and contaminated water lost during the rupture of the primary coal ash pond at the Dan River Steam Station in Eden, NC, USA and to demonstrate the feasibility of using UAVs to rapidly respond to and measure the volume of spills from ponds or containers that are open to the air. Using structure-from-motion (SfM) imagery analysis techniques, we reconstructed the 3D structure of the pond bottom after the spill, used historical imagery to estimate the pre-spill waterline, and calculated the volume of material lost. We estimated a loss of 66,245 ± 5678 m3 of ash and contaminated water. The technique used here allows rapid response to environmental emergencies and quantification of their impacts at low cost, and these capabilities will make UAVs a central tool in environmental planning, monitoring, and disaster response.
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Older Adults

Older adults have a significantly greater risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, than younger adults. The cause of this greater risk is thought to be multifactorial, including age-related changes in hemostatic factors and greater comorbid conditions and hospitalizations, but is not completely understood. Moreover, VTE remains underrecognized in older adults and may present atypically. Thus, a low index of clinical suspicion is essential when evaluating older adults with possible VTE. Despite this underrecognition in older adults, the diagnostic approach remains similar for all age groups and includes estimation of pretest probability, measurement of the D-dimer, and imaging. Antithrombotic agents are the mainstay of VTE treatment and, when used appropriately, substantially reduce VTE recurrence and complications. The approval of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), including dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, provide clinicians with new therapeutic options. In some individuals, NOACs may offer advantages over warfarin, including fewer drug interactions, more-predictable anticoagulation, and lower risk of bleeding. Nevertheless, anticoagulation of VTE in older adults should always be performed cautiously, because age is a risk factor for bleeding complications. Identifying modifiable bleeding risk factors and balancing the risks of VTE recurrence with hemorrhage are important considerations when using anticoagulants in older adults.
Medicaid Expansion Affects Rural And Urban Hospitals Differently

Rural hospitals differ from urban hospitals in many ways. For example, rural hospitals are more reliant on public payers and have lower operating margins. In addition, enrollment in the health insurance Marketplaces of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has varied across rural and urban areas. This study employed a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the average effect of Medicaid expansion in 2014 on payer mix and profitability for urban and rural hospitals, controlling for secular trends. For both types of hospitals, we found that Medicaid expansion was associated with increases in Medicaid-covered discharges. However, the increases in Medicaid revenue were greater among rural hospitals than urban hospitals, and the decrease in the proportion of costs for uncompensated care were greater among urban hospitals than rural hospitals. This preliminary analysis of the early effects of Medicaid expansion suggests that its financial impacts may be different for hospitals in urban and rural locations.
Biologically-inspired systems: A new direction for large-scale wireless networks

The current approaches to wireless communication protocols and networking design cannot cope with the scalability and other challenges of future pervasive wireless applications. This fact holds true for protocols currently implemented in networking solutions as well as for protocols proposed in the literature. New solutions are needed to address the scalability, security, fault-tolerance and evolutionary requirements of future and envisioned pervasive wireless applications. Many biological systems in nature are observed to have successfully dealt with the host of challenges mentioned above. Biologically-inspired algorithms are new direction to networking designs that hold ample promises for pervasive applications. In this paper, we present some of these solutions and discuss their application to pervasive networking protocols design.
The Effect of Cryorolling on the Microstructure of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy

A precipitation hardenable Al-Cu-Mg alloy was cryorolled with liquid nitrogen followed solution treatment and then aged at 170 C for different time. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hardness and tensile strength were also tested. The dislocation loops in the cryorolled alloy are more than the room temperature rolled alloy. Meanwhile the hardness, yield strength and tensile strength are larger than the room temperature rolled alloy.
Introduction: Culture, Equity, and Social Justice for Science Teacher Educators

This chapter provides an overview and context for this edited book for science teacher educators. The editors provide a rationale for the book and highlight some of the key aspects of the chapters written by authors who are well versed in issues of culture, equity, and social justice as they relate to the preparation of secondary science teachers.
Ralf von Appen, André Doehring, Dietrich Helms, and Allan F. Moore, editors, Song Interpretation in 21st-Century Pop Music

Scholarship in the humanities is typically an individual endeavor, with co-authored works rare in musicology, music theory, and popular music studies. So much of the musical analysis produced in th...
Illuminating Fuel Cycle Decision Drivers Using a Decision Analysis Framework

AbstractNuclear fuel cycle studies have provided a wealth of information on the potential impacts of advanced recycling systems. Deciding on fuel cycle implementation pathways, however, requires synthesizing volumes of data and navigating trade-offs between fuel cycle options. This research presents a framework intended to aid fuel cycle decision makers by focusing on the cost reduction/waste mitigation trade-off as a lens for choosing a near-term strategy. The framework consists of a fuel cycle simulation coupled to a decision tree model that maps evolution scenarios. System scenarios are constructed by considering the technological options for fuel cycle evolution and key uncertainties expected to affect the desirability of those options. For this study, the once-through fuel cycle is compared to a self-sustaining fast reactor (FR) fuel cycle. Scenarios are compared using a value function that incorporates cost and waste metrics. The results indicate that uranium costs and the attainable level of reproc...
Implementing computational biology pipelines using VisFlow

Data integration continues to baffle researchers even though substantial progress has been made. Although the emergence of technologies such as XML, web services, semantic web and cloud computing have helped, a system in which biologists are comfortable articulating new applications and developing them without technical assistance from a computing expert is yet to be realised. The distance between a friendly graphical interface that does little, and a 'traditional' system though clunky yet powerful, is deemed too great more often than not. The question that remains unanswered is, if a user can state her query involving a set of complex, heterogeneous and distributed life sciences resources in an easy to use language and execute it without further help from a computer savvy programmer. In this paper, we present a declarative meta-language, called VisFlow, for requirement specification, and a translator for mapping requirements into executable queries in a variant of SQL augmented with integration artefacts.
Updates on the epidemiology and risk factors for penile cancer

Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm representing less than 1% of all malignancies in the USA and Europe but is a significant public health hazard in the developing world. Male neonatal circumcision has been associated with a dramatic decrease in penile cancer rates with countries such as Israel, where circumcision is widely performed, having the lowest incidence in the world at <0.1% of malignancies. Many risk factors have been identified for penile cancer including phimosis, lack of circumcision, obesity, lichen sclerosis, chronic inflammation, smoking, UVA phototherapy, socioeconomic status, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and immune compromised states. The relationship between these factors and invasive disease varies and continues to be investigated. Our objective was to present a contemporary overview of the epidemiology and risk factors for invasive penile cancer.
Starbucks Corporation (a)

The issue in this case is whether it is realistic for Starbucks to continue to be a high-growth company. Questions raised are whether all growth is good; whether bigger is always better; whether businesses must “grow or die”; and under what circumstances does too aggressive growth destroy value? In trying to remain a high-growth company, Starbucks has opened some stores in subprime locations, resulting in dilution of its customer value proposition and poor performance. One of the founders steps in as CEO to “fix” Starbucks, and students can follow the measures he took to get the company back on track. Excerpt UVA-S-0175 Rev. Jan. 24, 2011 Starbucks Corporation (A) Founded in 1971, Starbucks Corporation became a high-growth market leader. In a virtually untapped market of Italian-style espresso cafes, under the leadership and vision of Howard Schultz, the company grew uncontested without any national competition during its first several years. Through Starbucks, Schultz realized his twin dreams of escaping the poverty he had experienced as a child and building a highly successful company with a heart. In the beginning, Schultz set out to establish and replicate “the Starbucks Experience”: an imitation of the drama and romance typical of the Italian coffee-bar experience. His ultimate goal was for Starbucks retail locations to become the world's most popular “third place” for customers—a place other than work or home where they would congregate. A true advocate of high growth, Schultz used the success of the company to open more and more stores across the United States and abroad. Schultz's growth strategy was evident as early as 1988. While visiting the company's Vancouver store, he noticed a long line and, rather than being excited, was concerned. He started searching for a nearby location where he could open another store. His motivation was twofold. First, he wanted to shorten the long lines. Second, he decided that a second store nearby with a different traffic pattern would attract customers for whom the location of the first store was inconvenient. Thus, opening a new store would cause only minimal reduction in sales volume, preserve the experience for existing customers, and attract new customers. Starbucks's real-estate consultant, David Firestein, likened the Starbucks market-saturation strategy to the game of Monopoly: “Pick the best property and keep building as many houses as you can manage.” Despite what seemed like saturation in some areas, comparable store sales continued to grow. . . .
National Security Strategy Report—2015

In his final National Security Strategy Report released in 2015, President Obama emphasized regional and global alliances, and partnerships to respond to changing and expanding terror threats, including more diffuse networks of al-Qaida and ISIL. Violent terrorist extremists in areas of Africa including Boko Haram, ISIL, and al-Shabaab posed considerable concern to regional stability and national security interests of the USA. The president’s use of drone strikes and deployment of US Special Operations Forces in Somalia and Libya in the last year of his presidency were undertaken without any advance legislative approval, weakening Congress’s power to serve as a check on the executive with respect to counterterrorism policy.
The Impact of Exogenous Corporate Governance Changes on Innovation and Market Value

We investigate how exogenous corporate governance changes in terms of anti-takeover provisions affect the innovation and market value of the firm. Consistent with our conjecture, using triple difference-in-differences models, we find that the unexpected changes in the interpretation of the case law cause a decrease in innovation for Delaware firms with classified boards, entrenched managers, and in less competitive industries. We also show that after the case rulings for Delaware firms, lower (higher) innovation activities are associated with lower (higher) market values. Our results are robust to inclusion of conventional governance measures, alternative model specifications, and different measures of innovation.
Pathology of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms

This chapter describes the gross and histologic features of the wide spectrum of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, with emphasis on mucinous cystic neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, serous cystic neoplasms, and solid pseudopapillary tumor. The less common cystic neuroendocrine tumor and the rare entities serous cystadenocarcinoma, acinar cell cystadenoma, and acinar cell cystadenocarcinoma are also discussed briefly.
Toward Molecules with Nonstandard Symmetry

An algebraic approach to the complex problem of designing molecules with nonstandard (noncrystallographic) symmetry is proposed. Since the five-fold, seven-fold, and higher rotational symmetry are not allowed by classical crystallography, one may use some higher dimensional spaces to construct the cells for structures which are not realizable in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space. This approach makes use of the group theory, geometric, topological, or combinatorial, symmetry, cyclic boundary conditions, k-circulant graph, n-cube, partial cube, etc.. It is shown that planar projections of higher dimensional embeddings can be used to draw any partial cube, in particular, with the generalized diamond structures, the hexagonal tiling, and the diamond crystal, inclusive. Moreover, noncrystal molecules may be constructed using any graph whose automorphism group does not necessary obey the conditions imposed on the automorphism group of a k-circulant, and such a group may induce more than one orbit of atoms (orbitals).
Patterns of non-prescribed buprenorphine and other opioid use among individuals with opioid use disorder: A latent class analysis

Abstract Aim Non-prescribed buprenorphine (NPB) use increased in the US. This study aims to characterize heterogeneity in patterns of NPB and other opioid use among individuals with current opioid use disorder. Methods The study recruited 356 participants in Dayton (Montgomery County), Ohio, area in 2017–2018 using targeted and Respondent Driven Sampling. Participants met the following criteria: 1) 18 years or older, 2) current moderate/severe opioid use disorder (DSM-5), 3) past 6-month NPB use. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify subgroups based on past 6-month (days of NPB and heroin/fentanyl use; use of NPB to get high; use of non-prescribed and prescribed pharmaceutical opioids; participation in formal treatment) and lifetime (years since first NPB and other illicit opioid use) characteristics. Selected auxiliary variables were compared across classes using Asparouhov and Muthen's 3-step approach. Results 49.7% were female, and 88.8% were non-Hispanic whites. 89% used NPB to self-treat withdrawal. LCA resulted in three classes: "Heavy Heroin/Fentanyl Use" (61%), "More Formal Treatment Use" (29%) and "Intense NPB Use" (10%). After adjusting for multiple testing, the following past 6-month variables differed significantly between classes: injection as a primary route of heroin/fentanyl administration (p Conclusion Predominance of self-treatment goals and the association between more intense NPB use and lower risks of adverse consequences suggest potential harm minimization benefits of NPB use. More research is needed to understand consequences of NPB use over time.
7 – Compatible Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on compatible systems. The two equations f(x,y,z,p,q) = 0 and g(x,y,z,p,q) = 0 for z = z(x, y) are said to be compatible if every solution of the first equation is also a solution of the second equation, and conversely. The conditions for consistency of a system of simultaneous partial differential equations of the first order, if the number of equations is an exact multiple of the number of dependent variables involved, is given in Forsyth. Jacobi's method takes a given partial differential equation and creates a compatible equation, and then uses elimination between these two equations. If it is known that a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation of order n has solutions in common with a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation of order m (with m < n), then it is possible to determine a differential equation of lower degree that has, as its solutions, these common solutions.
Prevalence of Alternative Diagnoses and Implications for Management in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients

Background Following Bayes theorem, ventriculomegaly and ataxia confer only a 30% chance of idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH). When coupled with positive responses to best diagnostic testing (extended lumbar drainage), 70% of patients recommended for shunting will not actually have NPH. This is inadequate clinical care. Objective To determine the proportion of alternative and treatable diagnoses in patients referred to a multidisciplinary NPH clinic. Methods Patients without previously diagnosed NPH were queried from prospectively collected data. At least 1 neurosurgeon, cognitive neurologist, and neuropsychologist jointly formulated best treatment plans. Results Of 328 total patients, 45% had an alternative diagnosis; 11% of all patients improved with treatment of an alternative diagnosis. Of 87 patients with treatable conditions, the highest frequency of pathologies included sleep disorders, and cervical stenosis, followed by Parkinson disease. Anti-cholinergic burden was a contributor for multiple patients. Of 142 patients undergoing lumbar puncture, 71% had positive responses and referred to surgery. Compared to NPH patients, mimickers were statistically significantly older with lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and worse gait parameters. Overall, 26% of the original patients underwent shunting. Pre-post testing revealed a statistically significant improved MoCA score and gait parameters in those patients who underwent surgery with follow-up. Conclusion Because the Multidisciplinary NPH Clinic selected only 26% for surgery (corroborating 30% in Bayes theorem), an overwhelming majority of patients with suspected NPH will harbor alternative diagnoses. Identification of contributing/confounding conditions will support the meticulous work-up necessary to appropriately manage patients without NPH while optimizing clinical responses to shunting in correctly diagnosed patients.
Targeted peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation attenuates obesity-induced metabolic and inflammatory dysfunctions.

Obesity, a growing health concern, is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in obesity-driven metabolic complications. Peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation (pFUS) is an emerging non-invasive technology that modulates inflammation. Here, we reasoned that focused ultrasound stimulation of the liver may alleviate obesity-related inflammation and other comorbidities. After 8 weeks on a high-fat high-carbohydrate “Western” diet, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either sham stimulation or focused ultrasound stimulation at the porta hepatis. Daily liver-focused ultrasound stimulation for 8 weeks significantly decreased body weight, circulating lipids and mitigated dysregulation of adipokines. In addition, liver-focused ultrasound stimulation significantly reduced hepatic cytokine levels and leukocyte infiltration. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of hepatic focused ultrasound for alleviating obesity and obesity-associated complications in mice. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized potential of hepatic focused ultrasound as a possible novel noninvasive approach in the context of obesity.
P38 Understanding Food Insecurity in a College Student Population

Background The prevalence of food insecurity on college campuses has been found to be higher than reported in U.S. households. Despite the prevalence and negative health and academic consequences associated with food insecurity in college students, barriers exist in food access resource utilization, especially in the wake of COVID-19. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of food insecurity at Mississippi State University and explore college students’ perceptions of food access resources and resource utilization. Study Design, Setting, Participants This study employed a mixed methods design. Quantitative data was gathered from an online survey to assess the prevalence, demographics, and food insecurity status from undergraduate students at Mississippi State University. The 1157 survey respondents then provided the recruitment pool for qualitative data collection, which was obtained via focus groups and open-ended questionnaires to explore student perspectives of food insecurity and food access resources. Measurable Outcomes/Analysis SPSS 27 was used to determine food security status based on the USDA's Household Food Security Survey Module 6-item short form. NVivo 12 was used for coding and thematic analyses to examine college student perspectives of food insecurity and food access resources. Results The prevalence of food insecurity among college students was 34.1%. Key influencers emerged as the major theme associated with students’ views about food insecurity, and the resources available to address the issue. These influencers were personal beliefs, life skills, and the university. Student perceptions of what it means to need food access resources and the value of a resource were interconnected. Conclusion Food insecurity continues to occur at a higher prevalence in college student populations than in U.S. households. When addressing food insecurity in this group, key influencers of food insecurity status should be considered when exploring viable intervention strategies that produce acceptable resources that students will use.
Update on the Role of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Angiogenesis and Vascular Inflammation

The endothelial glycocalyx is a negatively charged, carbohydrate-rich structure that arises from the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and is comprised of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The glycocalyx, which sits at the interface between the endothelium and the blood, is involved in a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including as a mechanotransducer and as a regulator of inflammation. Most recently, components of the glycocalyx have been shown to play a key role in controlling angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx. We focus on its role and functions in vascular inflammation and angiogenesis and discuss the important unanswered questions in this field.
Cachexia is Prevalent in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Associated With Worse Prognosis

Background & Aims Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome associated with functional impairment and reduced survival that impacts up to 50% of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. However, data are limited on the prevalence and clinical significance of cachexia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with HCC at 2 United States health systems between 2008 and 2018. Patient weights were recorded 6 months prior to and at HCC diagnosis. Cachexia was defined as >5% weight loss (or >2% weight loss if body mass index Results Of 604 patients with HCC, 201 (33.3%) had precachexia and 143 (23.7%) had cachexia at diagnosis, including 19.0%, 23.5%, 34.7%, and 34.0% of patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0/A, B, C, and D, respectively. Patients with cachexia were less likely to receive HCC treatment (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.71) and had worse survival than those with precachexia or stable weight (11.3 vs 20.4 vs 23.5 months, respectively; P Conclusions Nearly 1 in 4 patients with HCC present with cachexia, including many with compensated cirrhosis or early stage tumors. The presence of cancer-associated weight loss appears to be an early and independent predictor of worse outcomes in patients with HCC.
Comprehensive evaluation of a high-temperature resistant re-crosslinkable preformed particle gel for water management

Abstract Gel treatment has been widely applied to control conformance for improving oil recovery and control water production in mature oil fields. However, most of the hydrogel systems are limited when being applied in the harsh environments of high temperatures. A systematic evaluation was conducted in this study to evaluate a modified PPG product, the high temperature resistant re-crosslinkable preformed particle gel (HT-RPPG) which can re-crosslink to form a bulky material and keep thermostable in the large-opening features after placement. This material was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional PPGs in the reservoirs with large- opening features such as open fractures, void conduits, wormholes, and so on. The HT-RPPG can swell up to 18 times of its original size at room temperature (23˚C), and the swelling ratio is independent of brine concentration and types. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the effect of particle size, temperatures, swelling ratios, brine types on re-crosslinking time, as well as the gel strength, blocking performance and thermostability after re-crosslinking. Smaller particle sizes result in the HT-RPPGs swell and re-crosslink much faster. Higher temperatures increase the swelling and re-crosslinking rate, while the larger swelling ratios (more feeding brine) can slow down the re-crosslinking time. HT-RPPG re-crosslinking process can be delayed when the particles contact with Ca2+. Additionally, the re-crosslinking of HT-RPPG is a temperature-responsive reaction which can only start after reaching the target temperature of 100 °C or above. The HT-RPPG has kept its volume and strength stable at 100 to 130 °C for over 10 months so far. A blocking performance test was conducted by using the tubing model to simulate ﻿void-space conduit (VSC), and breakthrough pressure reached to 427 psi/ft.
Effects of Aggregate Properties on Flexible Pavement Rutting in Alabama

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of aggregate properties on the rutting of asphalt concrete mixtures. This objective was accomplished by analyzing rutting data from the Alabama Highway Department's pavement condition database. Field sites were evaluated and sampled and laboratory tests performed on aggregate from field samples. Analyses of the Department's pavement condition database indicate that rutting in Alabama is increasing, and that this increase is attributable to either increased loading intensity or increased asphalt concrete rutting susceptibility. The analyses also indicate that rutting varies geographically and that this variation can be explained by quality of locally available aggregate. Those areas with crushed stone and angular natural sands are less susceptible to rutting. Analyses of data from field test sites indicate that permanent deformation causing rutting is generally confined to the top 7 to 10 cm (surface and binder courses). Aggregate properties studied include: gradation, coarse aggregate percent fractured faces, and fine aggregate particle shape and texture. The correlation coefficients for most of these properties were low, however, there appeared to be definite trends. The poor correlations show that rutting is a very complicated process that is affected by multiple factors, and demonstrates the importance of both aggregate properties and asphalt content during material selection and mix design. For the covering abstract see IRRD 858225.
The Immobilization of Joints

The joint is an organ of motion; its structural and functional integrity is predicated on motility. The deleterious effects of immobility are based on the structure and biomechanics of joints. The deep layers of the cartilage are nourished by the blood vessels of the subchondral bone, but the superficial layers are dependent on the synovial fluid for their nutrition. The synovial fluid is viscous and has a high surface tension, which makes it cling to the cartilage. Joint motion makes for a constant interchange of fluid between the surface layers of the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid. When the joint is immobile the flow of the synovial fluid ceases, and the diffusion of fluid in and out of the cartilage stops. Joint motion causes alternating cartilage compression and distention. Absence of these pressure fluctuations causes a stagnation of the intercellular fluid of the cartilage and decreases its nutrition. After some period of time degenerative changes become permanent.