cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Melanin spots of the oral mucosa and skin associated with polyps: Report of a case of peculiar pigmentation of the lips and mouth

Abstract As suggested by Peutz and Jeghers, there is a rare hereditary, familial syndrome consisting of characteristic melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa and skin which may be associated with polyps. The polyps occur most frequently in the small intestine, although they may be widespread. In the intestine they may produce obstruction and on occasion, they may undergo malignant change. Awareness of this distinctive external pigmentation may be of considerable value in diagnosing the internal disease. Its presence should suggest intensive study of the patient's gastrointestinal tract and a genealogic survey of his family. A case is reported with characteristic pigmentation associated with a nasal and a cervical polyp, hiatus hernia, diverticulosis, and clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal disturbance, but in whom no intestinal polyps have been observed thus far.
Optical Component Specifications

Three areas of optical component specifications are discussed in detail: (1) purely optical, (2) opto-mechanical, and (3) beauty or scattering specifications. Emphasis is placed on the level of tolerancing as it affects the function of the final optical system. Numerous graphs and tables are used to interpret the functional meaning of the specifications.
Another Elementary Proof of Euler's Formula for ζ(2n)

(1973). Another Elementary Proof of Euler's Formula for ζ(2n) The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 425-431.
Independent roles of centrosomes and DNA in organizing the Drosophila cytoskeleton

The early embryonic divisions of Drosophila melanogaster are characterized by rapid, synchronized changes of the nuclei and surrounding cytoskeleton. We report evidence that these changes are carried out by two separately organized systems. DNA was sufficient to cause assembly of nuclear lamina and the formation of nuclear membrane with pore structures. Free centrosomes were correlated with the formation of microtubule, microfilament and spectrin networks in the absence of nuclei. In addition, we found that the morphology of the cytoskeleton associated with the free centrosomes cycled in response to the embryonic cell cycle cues. These observations suggest that the centrosomes may be responsible for the organization of this extensive cytoskeleton. The early divisions may therefore result from the independent cycling of two systems, the nucleus and the surrounding cytoskeleton, that respond separately to the mitotic cues in the embryo and function together to give the synchronized early divisions. The Drosophila embryo has an "intermediate" mitotic system in which the nuclear membrane does not break down completely during mitosis. We speculate that the principles of cytoskeleton organization in this system may be different from those of the Xenopus "open" mitotic system.
Yankel's Tavern: Jews, Liquor, and Life in the Kingdom of Poland

Yankel's (Jankiel's) Tavern (one of them) is, of course, the one paradoxical real center of “all things Polish” in Adam Mickiewicz's fictional “national” epic Pan Tadeusz of 1834. It is the place w...
Analysis on Several Methods of Flatness Error Separation

Introduces some measuring methods of flatness error separation technique,including TSTP,least-square serial two-point method,frequency-domain linear three-point method and so on,and have carried out brief analysis for these methods.Compared with straightness error separating technique,flatness error separation technique still has many questions not have been solved.
Diffusional Mobility and Nanoscale Molecular Organization of the Muscular Dystrophy Related Nuclear Membrane Protein Emerin

Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the nuclear membrane protein emerin and is part of a diverse group of muscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness, cardiac failure, and early death. The reason why emerin mutations cause muscle disease remains unclear. To gain new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of EDMD at the nanoscale we used single molecule tracking and super-resolution optical microscopy in human cells. The diffusional mobility and the spatial distribution of emerin and a variety of clinically relevant emerin mutants were studied by single particle tracking PALM and dSTORM super-resolution imaging in rescued emerin-null cells. We identified different subpopulations of emerin associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, the outer or the inner nuclear membrane and show that emerin forms diffraction-limited clusters at the nuclear envelope. We further show that the dynamic interactions of emerin with the nuclear lamin network and its clustering state are differentially impacted by mutations causing EDMD. Emerin mutants with increased binding to lamin display slow diffusional mobility at the inner nuclear membrane and form nanoclusters 30% smaller than wild type emerin. Contrarily, an increased lateral mobility of emerin is observed for mutants having low binding affinity to lamin and for wild type emerin imaged during siRNA silencing of lamins. The reduced interactions between emerin and lamin additionally lead to significant changes in the spatial distribution and the overall number of emerin clusters at the nuclear membrane. Our data suggest that EDMD-inducing mutations of emerin critically affect its dynamic interactions with lamins, which results in the modification of its nanoscale spatial distribution and in a remodeling of the nuclear envelope architecture.
Beamforming with Acoustic Lenses and Filter Plates

A survey is presented of a variety of known acoustic beamforming methods and techniques using acoustic lenses and filter plates as receivers, the former leading to receiving beams with frequency dependent or variable beamwidths and the latter to beam formation with frequency independent or constant beamwidths. In addition, a potentially useful method of forming approximately frequency independent receiving beams using twisted wavefront acoustic lenses based on a concept going back to Morris and Tucker is outlined. As transmitters it is noted that acoustic lenses are generally of little use because of power radiation limitations imposed by cavitation, but as receivers they have much in their favor.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Bismuth Vanadates for Solar Energy Materials.

The fabrication of porous nanocomposites is key to the advancement of energy conversion and storage devices that interface with electrolytes. Bismuth vanadate, BiVO4 , is a promising oxide for solar water splitting where the controlled fabrication of BiVO4 layers within porous, conducting scaffolds has remained a challenge. Here, the atomic layer deposition of bismuth vanadates is reported from BiPh3 , vanadium(V) oxytriisopropoxide, and water. The resulting films have tunable stoichiometry and may be crystallized to form the photoactive scheelite structure of BiVO4 . A selective etching process was used with vanadium-rich depositions to enable the synthesis of phase-pure BiVO4 after spinodal decomposition. BiVO4 thin films were measured for photoelectrochemical performance under AM 1.5 illumination. The average photocurrents were 1.17 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode using a hole-scavenging sulfite electrolyte. The capability to deposit conformal bismuth vanadates will enable a new generation of nanocomposite architectures for solar water splitting.
The Effects of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 on the Distribution of Mononuclear Phagocytes in the Developing Osteopetrotic Mouse

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), the primary regulator of mononuclear phagocyte (M▹) production, exists as either a circulating or cell surface, membrane-spanning molecule. To establish transplacental transfer of maternal CSF-1, gestational day-17 mothers were injected intravenously with 125 I-mouse CSF-1 or human rCSF-1, and the 125 I-cpm or human CSF-1 concentrations were measured in fetal tissue, placenta, and fetal/maternal sera. Biologically active CSF-1 crossed the placenta and peaked in fetal tissue, placenta, and serum 10 minutes after injection. The role of CSF-1 in perinatal M▹ development was examined by studying the CSF-1–deficient osteopetrotic ( csfm op /csfm op ) mouse. Fetal/neonatal mice, derived from matings of either +/csfm op females with csfm op /csfm op males or the reciprocal pairings, were genotyped and tissue M▹ identified and quantified. In the presence of circulating maternal CSF-1 ( +/csfm op mother), M▹ development in csfm op /csfm op liver was essentially complete at birth relative to +/csfm op littermates, but significantly reduced in spleen, kidney, and lung. In the absence of circulating maternal CSF-1 ( csfm op /csfm op mother), M▹ numbers at birth were reduced in csfm op /csfm op liver relative to the offspring of +/csfm op mothers, but were similar in spleen, kidney, and lung. We conclude that CSF-1 is required for the perinatal development of most M▹ in these tissues. Compensation for total absence of local CSF-1 production by circulating, maternal CSF-1 is tissue-specific and most prominent in liver, the first fetal organ perfused by placental blood. However, because some M▹ developed in the complete absence of CSF-1, other factors must also be involved in the regulation of macrophage development.
Naltrexone: Factors Contributing to Retention in Treatment

The narcotic antagonist naltrexone has been evaluated in extensive clinical trials (Bradford, Hurley, Golondzowski, and Dorrier, 1976; Brahen, Capone, Heller, Landy, Linden, and Lewis, in press; Lansberg, Taintor, Plumb, Amico, and Wicks, 1976; Martin, Jasinski, and Mansky, 1973; O’Brien, Greenstein, Mintz, and Woody, 1976). However a variety of factors appear to have contributed to the relatively low acceptance of naltrexone as a treatment form and the short duration of naltrexone maintenance usually observed. Thus at least some of the factors contributing to naltrexone’s desirability from a therapeutic viewpoint result in it being a less preferred treatment agent from the viewpoint of many patients. Several reports (e.g., Callahan, Rawson, Glazer, McCleave, and Arias, 1976; Meyer, Randall, Barrington, Mirin, and Greenberg, 1976; Stitzer and Bigelow, 1975; Wikler, 1976) have described or suggested procedures which might facilitate treatment. It appears that in combination with other approaches naltrexone may serve as a useful adjunct in treatment of opiate users (Brahen et al., in press; Callahan et al., 1976) although no optimal combination has yet emerged (Callahan, Rawson, McCleave, Arias, Glazer, and Lieberman, in press).
Use of Consumers with Disabilities in Advertising: A Proposal for Research

According to a 2012 US Census Bureau report, in 2010 there were some 56.7 million members of the non-institutionalized US population that had a disability; this represented slightly more than 18 % of the population. The report further stated that people with disabilities in the United States accounted for more than $200 billion in discretionary spending and also spurred technological innovation and entrepreneurship (US Census Bureau). Moreover, in 2008, the federal government spent an estimated $357 billion on programs for working-age people with disabilities; this was about 12 % of total federal expenditures for the year (Brault 2012). However, a cursory examination of current advertising in the US would never lead to the conclusion that about one-in-five persons suffers from a disability, or that this group is a target for goods and services. Not surprisingly, there has not been much academic discourse on the image of disability in advertising.
Processing of the amyloid β-protein precursor

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the processing of the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP). In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), large numbers of senile plaques are found throughout the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus. These plaques are present in small numbers in the brains of some aged mammals and normal elderly individuals, and are present in large numbers only in AD. It is proposed that AD is a heterogeneous disorder in which multiple initiating mechanisms alter APP processing in a way that it results in amyloid deposition, which, in turn, produces the complex pathology that characterizes this disorder. It is found that the full-length APP is truncated at its carboxyl terminus to generate large secreted derivatives. Analysis of the APP sequence showed that the cytoplasmic domain contains a consensus sequence, Asn-Pro-Thr-Tyr, for endocytosis using clathrin-coated pits similar to that found in many cell surface receptors with single membrane spanning domains and short cytoplasmic tails. It is found that that there are significant differences in the composition of the Aβ deposited as amyloid in the AD brain and the Aβ released into CSF or the medium of cultured cells.
Characterization of DNA-binding proteins that recognize the replication origin of the rRNA genes of Tetrahymena thermophila

Proteins that bind to specific sequences in replication origins have been shown to be important components of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication systems. An origin of DNA replication is located within the 5' non-transcribed spacer region of the rRNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila. Previous work has shown that several cis-acting mutations responsible for rDNA replication defects lie in upstream repeats of a transcriptional promoter element, the Type I repeat. Using FE(II)EDTA cleavage footprinting and gel-mobility shift assays, I identified and characterized two distinct DNA-binding activities that interact with the Type I repeat. One of these activities, designated ds-TIBF, binds preferentially to duplex DNA whereas the other, ssA-TIBF, binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA. Competition studies revealed that although ds-TIBF binds with high affinity to Type I sequences, it has only moderate sequence specificity and binds with high affinity to other duplex oligonucleotides containing dA/T stretches of greater than 6 nucleotides. In contrast, ssA-TlBF does not bind to generally A-rich oligonucleotides, but specifically interacts with single-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to the Type I repeat. UV crosslinking of the partially purified protein to A-rich strand oligonucleotides followed by SDS gel electrophoresis demonstrated the binding activity of ssA-TIBF is associated with a polypeptide of
Prospective randomized biomarker study of metformin and lifestyle intervention for prevention in obese postmenopausal women at increased risk for endometrial cancer.

1551Background: Obesity significantly increases risk of endometrial cancer (EC) through systemic metabolic effects and local tissue action, driven by estrogen and dysregulated insulin signaling. EC is most commonly diagnosed in postmenopausal women. Metformin, an antidiabetes drug, and lifestyle intervention were evaluated for effects on endometrial proliferation and serum biomarkers, in parallel with weight loss. Methods: Obese postmenopausal women were randomized into 4 groups for a 16 week intervention using a 2 (metformin 1700 mg/day vs placebo) x 2 (lifestyle intervention vs no lifestyle intervention) factorial design based on the Diabetes Prevention Program. Pre- and post-intervention endometrial biopsies were assessed for proliferation (% Ki67+). Body weight and serum markers were measured pre- and post-intervention (estrone, FSH, DHEA-S, SHBG, IGF-1, adiponectin, omentin, insulin, glucose, A1C, ALT, triglycerides, and others). Results: Of 576 women approached for the study, 29 women were randomize...
Complexities for High-Temperature Two-Handed Tile Self-assembly

Tile self-assembly is a formal model of computation capturing DNA-based nanoscale systems. Here we consider the popular two-handed tile self-assembly model or 2HAM. Each 2HAM system includes a temperature parameter, which determines the threshold of bonding strength required for two assemblies to attach. Unlike most prior study, we consider general temperatures not limited to small, constant values. We obtain two results. First, we prove that the computational complexity of determining whether a given tile system uniquely assembles a given assembly is coNP-complete, confirming a conjecture of Cannon et al. (2013). Second, we prove that larger temperature values decrease the minimum number of tile types needed to assemble some shapes. In particular, for any temperature \(\tau \in \{3, \dots \}\), we give a class of shapes of size n such that the ratio of the minimum number of tiles needed to assemble these shapes at temperature \(\tau \) and any temperature less than \(\tau \) is \(\varOmega (n^{1/(2\tau +2)})\).
Retinoblastoma: Although treatment outcomes for retinoblastoma have improved, patients with a germline gene mutation carry a high risk for second cancers.

BackgroundRetinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of infants and children. With early diagnosis and treatment, survival is greater than 90%; however, patients with a germline retin...
Evaluating the role of evapotranspiration remote sensing data in improving hydrological modeling predictability

Abstract As the global demands for the use of freshwater resources continues to rise, it has become increasingly important to insure the sustainability of this resources. This is accomplished through the use of management strategies that often utilize monitoring and the use of hydrological models. However, monitoring at large scales is not feasible and therefore model applications are becoming challenging, especially when spatially distributed datasets, such as evapotranspiration, are needed to understand the model performances. Due to these limitations, most of the hydrological models are only calibrated for data obtained from site/point observations, such as streamflow. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to examine whether the incorporation of remotely sensed and spatially distributed datasets can improve the overall performance of the model. In this study, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) data was obtained from the two different sets of satellite based remote sensing data. One dataset estimates ETa based on the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model while the other one estimates ETa based on the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model. The hydrological model used in this study is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which was calibrated against spatially distributed ETa and single point streamflow records for the Honeyoey Creek-Pine Creek Watershed, located in Michigan, USA. Two different techniques, multi-variable and genetic algorithm, were used to calibrate the SWAT model. Using the aforementioned datasets, the performance of the hydrological model in estimating ETa was improved using both calibration techniques by achieving Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values >0.5 (0.73–0.85), percent bias (PBIAS) values within ±25% (±21.73%), and root mean squared error – observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) values
998 Reducing unnecessary iv starts in children with diabetes presenting to the emergency department

Background Unnecessary medical interventions prolong emergency department (ED) stays and increase costs. We found that 83% of children with diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting to the ED not in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) underwent unnecessary IV placement. Objectives We aimed to decrease IV placements to 20% within 18 months for children presenting to the ED with known DM not meeting DKA criteria. Methods This QI project was conducted in a tertiary care paediatric ED and included children with known DM. Plan-do-study-act cycles included point-of-care (POC) testing, order panel use, and DKA clinical care and nursing guidelines. Outcome measures, analysed on statistical process control charts, included number of IV starts and time to first bicarbonate result. The percent of patients receiving unnecessary IV starts was analysed using the Chi-square test. Process measures included rate of POC testing and order panel utilisation. Results Between January 2015 and July 2017, 294 DM patients were evaluated for DKA. 168 patients (57%) did not meet DKA criteria. In those patients without DKA, the overall number of unnecessary IV starts decreased from 83% pre-interventions to 41% post-interventions (p Conclusions Using QI methodology, we achieved a meaningful reduction in unnecessary IV starts and time to DKA determination in patients presenting with known DM found not to have DKA.
To Leisure—An Introduction. John Neulinger

(1982). To Leisure—An Introduction. John Neulinger. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 181-182.
Secure Mobile IPC Software Development with Vulnerability Detectors in Android Studio

The security threats to mobile application are growing explosively. Mobile app flaws and security defects could open doors for hackers to easily attack mobile apps. Secure software development must be addressed earlier in the development lifecycle rather than fixing the security holes after attacking. Early elimination of possible security vulnerability will secure our software, and mitigate the security risk threats by potential malicious attacking. However, many software developer professionals lack the necessary security knowledge and skills at the development stagef. In this paper we explore the Android common IPC vulnerability and present our developed IPC flaw detectors with open source FindSecurityBugs plugin in Android Studio IDE.
Intensive Care Mortality Prognostic Model for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension.

OBJECTIVES The disease burden and mortality of children with pulmonary hypertension are significantly higher than for the general PICU population. We aimed to develop a risk-adjustment tool predicting PICU mortality for pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients: the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality score. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected multicenter pediatric critical care data. SETTING One-hundred forty-three centers submitting data to Virtual Pediatric Systems database between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2015. PATIENTS Patients 21 years old or younger with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. INTERVENTIONS Twenty-one demographic, diagnostic, and physiologic variables obtained within 12 hours of PICU admission were assessed for inclusion. Multivariable logistic regression with stepwise selection was performed to develop the final model. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality score with Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 scores. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fourteen-thousand two-hundred sixty-eight admissions with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension were included. Primary outcome was PICU mortality. Fourteen variables were selected for the final model: age, bradycardia, systolic hypotension, tachypnea, pH, FIO2, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, mechanical ventilation, nonelective admission, previous PICU admission, PICU admission due to nonsurgical cardiovascular disease, and cardiac arrest immediately prior to admission. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality model (area under the curve = 0.77) performed significantly better than the receiver operating characteristic curves for Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 (area under the curve = 0.71; p < 0.001) and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (area under the curve = 0.69; p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality score is a parsimonious model that performs better than Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 for mortality in a multicenter cohort of pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients admitted to PICUs. Application of the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality model to pulmonary hypertension patients in the PICU might facilitate earlier identification of patients at high risk for mortality and improve the ability to prognosticate for patients and families.
Preparing Science Teachers for Diversity: Integrating the Contributions of Scientists from Underrepresented Groups in the Middle School Science Curriculum

Preservice teachers often create profiles of scientists based on stereotypes that have become embedded in their consciousness. Given the inextricable link between teachers’ belief and instructional practices, as science teacher educators, we believed it was important to tease out the stereotypes that preservice teachers have about scientists. In this chapter, we describe our efforts to provide pedagogical opportunities for preservice teachers to broaden their concept of multicultural science education and ways to engage the personal and cultural identities of their learners into their science lessons. Some of these strategies specifically involve the infusion of the contributions to science made by scientists from underrepresented groups in the sciences. Activities conducted in our science education course reveal that the image of the White male overwhelmingly persists as the classical representation of a scientist. Some of our preservice teachers argued that ethnic groups do not readily come to mind when they think about scientists. Scholars and researchers involved with the development of curriculum that embraces multicultural education cannot assume that the perceptions of scientists have transcended the White male stereotype. We contend that preservice teachers should be given opportunities to develop images of scientists beyond the monoculture of White male dominance in order to effectively implement science curriculum that acknowledges the contributions made to science by scientists from underrepresented groups. This however is a first step, as science teacher educators must enact practices that shift preservice teachers toward transformative practices and a recognition of their roles as effective agents for social change.
Calculations of Electrostatic Energies in Proteins Using Microscopic, Semimicroscopic and Macroscopic Models and Free-Energy Perturbation Approaches

Summary This chapter discusses computer models for evaluating electrostatic interactions in proteins, with emphasis on calculations of the free energies of electron-transfer states in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers. We describe the microscopic Protein Dipoles Langevin Dipoles (PDLD) method, semimicroscopic approaches including the Poisson-Boltzmann, PDLD/S and Generalized Born models, a macroscopic model with a homogeneous dielectric medium, and microscopic free-energy-perturbation methods based on molecular dynamics simulations. We also describe the use of molecular dynamics simulations to obtain free energy surfaces of the reactant and product states as functions of the reaction coordinate for electron transfer.
Diagnosis and Management of Endoleaks After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Abstract A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be a life-threatening condition. When AAAs are discovered, they are repaired via endovascular techniques. Endovascular repair of AAAs offers a decrease in operative mortality when compared with open repair of AAAs. However, this technique has given birth to postoperative endoleaks. An endoleak allows for continued pressurization of the AAA and therefore leads to continued growth and rupture risk. Radiology plays an integral part in the diagnosis and management of postoperative endoleaks after endovascular repair of AAA.
Advances in PET Imaging of Sarcoidosis

The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of recent advances in protocols for positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in patients with sarcoidosis. There has been more research focused on developing newer and improved PET imaging modalities to diagnose and follow-up cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F- FDG)-PET are widely used to diagnose CS, with or without concurrent rest nuclear myocardial perfusion study. There have been various patient preparation strategies for FDG PET/CT in CS. Interpretation criteria for cardiac FDG PET/CT in diagnosing CS also varies. There are emerging data utilizing new PET radiotracers (i.e., 68Ga-DOTATATE, 18F-Flurpiridaz) and PET/MRI imaging for CS diagnosis. Based on published imaging data, patient preparation with a 72-h high-fat, high-protein, and very-low-carbohydrate diet protocol generates the most promising results in suppression of physiological myocardial FDG uptake in cardiac PET/CT. The “focal-on-diffuse uptake” pattern on myocardial uptake is not convincing and should not be interpreted as active CS. Nuclear myocardial perfusion test might not be needed to diagnose CS if optimal suppression of myocardial background uptake of FDG is achieved. FDG PET/MRI with optimal patient preparation may increase diagnostic confidence. More data will be needed for new tracers to be used for CS diagnosis.
Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Otolaryngologic Manifestations: An Analysis of Hospital Admissions From 1997 to 2012

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients develop otolaryngologic disease. We aimed to characterize their otolaryngologic manifestations by type and demographic variation, and model temporal trends. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort review. METHODS A retrospective review utilizing the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was conducted. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for HIV and otolaryngologic diagnoses were used to query data from the triennially published KID files from 1997 to 2012. A subset analysis of infectious versus non-infectious admitting otolaryngologic diagnoses was conducted. RESULTS A total of 11,150 cases met the inclusion criteria. Of these cases, 21.8% were admitted for otolaryngologic manifestations, with 18.0% presenting with infectious symptomatology, 4.8% with noninfectious disease, and 1.0% with both. On average, patients presenting with infectious disease were younger (8.17 years vs. 9.65 years, P < .001). Patients in the South were significantly more likely to be admitted for infection (54.8% vs. 42.0%, P < .001), with non-infectious predominance in the Northeast and West. HIV-infected children in 1997 were more likely to present with infectious otolaryngologic disease (56.3% vs. 45.8%, P < .001); however, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of infectious head and neck presentations (46.5%, 19.9%, 11.5%, 6.7%, 3.7%, and 1.9% from 1997 to 2012), and a gradual shift toward noninfectious manifestation with notable differences in 2000 and 2012 (19.9% vs. 25.2%; P = .017; and 1.9% vs. 4.8%, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Otolaryngologic disease accounts for nearly one-fifth of hospitalizations in HIV-infected children; however, rates of hospitalization as well as otolaryngologic manifestations have progressively decreased over time. HIV-infected children nowadays are more likely to present with noninfectious rather than infectious disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E377-E382, 2019.
Assigning Property Rights in the Common Pool: Implications of the Prevalence of First-Possession Rules for ITQs in Fisheries

Rights-based institutions have been adopted for certain natural resources in order to more effectively mitigate the losses of the common pool. Past central government regulation has not proved satisfactory. A major issue has been the assignment of those rights. In this paper, I examine three different allocation rules: first-possession, lottery or uniform allocation, and auction and draw predictions as to when they might be adopted. I analyze the assignment, timing, and nature of the rights granted in five resources: oil and gas unit shares, water rights, radio spectrum rights, emission permits, and fishery ITQs. I find that rights-based arrangements generally are adopted late, but when they are implemented, first-possession rules dominate where there are incumbent users. Lotteries and auctions are rarely used. I discuss criticisms of first-possession rules and argue that first-possession is likely more efficient than previously recognized. Accordingly, restrictions on ITQs (rights set-asides for particul...
Psychiatry: A molecular shield from trauma.

Why do some people develop post-traumatic stress disorder, but others emerge from a horrific event relatively unscathed? A molecule involved in orchestrating the brain's response to stress may hold the key to this difference. See Article p.492 In many species, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is implicated in physiological responses to stress. A study of a sample of highly traumatized human females now shows that PACAP blood levels correlate with a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder and with the degree of fear conditioning responses. One particular single-nucleotide polymorphism in the oestrogen response element of the receptor gene is closely associated with the condition, as is increased methylation of the receptor gene. Experiments in mice subjected to fear conditioning revealed increased transcription of both PACAP and receptor genes in the amygdala. These findings may set the stage for a novel biomarker for stress disorders and for explaining known sex differences in the occurrence of such conditions.
Historic transvaginal meshes and procedures: what did my patient have done?

Purpose of review Transvaginal mesh kits were widely used to treat pelvic organ prolapse for over a 10-year period in the early 2000s. Due to safety concerns and FDA regulations, these mesh kits are no longer available for use. Thus, current Obstetricians and Gynecologists are likely to encounter these meshes, but may have no previous experience or exposure to the devices making it difficult to adequately monitor, counsel, and care for patients that underwent these types of procedures. This review highlights the most commonly used transvaginal mesh kit types, provides insight into signs and symptoms related to transvaginal mesh complications, and provides guidance for management of mesh complications. Recent findings Not all transvaginal mesh will give rise to a complication. If complications do occur, treatment options range from conservative observation to total mesh excision. Management must be customized to an individual patient's needs and goals. Summary Transvaginal mesh kits promised increased durability of surgical repair for pelvic organ prolapse. Safety concerns over time caused these kits to no longer be available for use. Practicing Obstetricians and Gynecologists should be aware of the history of transvaginal mesh and the signs and symptoms of mesh complications.
Closed-Loop, Axial Temperature Control of Etched Silicon Microcolumn for Tunable Thermal Gradient Gas Chromatography

Combining the resolution of conventional gas chromatography systems with the size factor of microGC systems is important for improving the affordability and portability of high performance gas analysis. Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of high resolution separation of gases in a benchtopscale short column system by controlling thermal gradients through the column. This work reports a microfabricated thermally controllable gas chromatographic column with a small footprint (approximately 6.25 cm2). The design of the 20 cm column utilizes 21 individually controllable thin film heaters and conduction cooling to produce a desired temperature profile. The reported device is capable of heating and cooling rates exceeding 8000 °C/min and can reach temperatures of 350 °C. The control methods allow for excellent disturbance rejection and precision to within +/− 1 °C. Each length of the column between heaters was demonstrated to be individually controllable and displayed quadratic temperature profiles. This paper focuses on the fabrication process and implementation of the thermal control strategy. [2019–0113]
Pensando la Religión. Homenaje a Manuel Fraijó

Resena de la obra de: SAN MARTIN, J., SANCHEZ, J. J. (edit). (2013) Pensando la Religion. Homenaje a Manuel Fraijo, Madrid, Ed. Trotta–Universidad Nacional de Educacion a distancia, 639 pp.
Partial Lateral Patella Facetectomy and Management of the Lateral Soft Tissues

Unicompartmental patellofemoral osteoarthritis is a relatively common entity. This is typically localized to the lateral patella facet during the early to mid-phase of the degenerative cascade and is associated with excessive lateral compression. Following failure of non-operative treatment, partial lateral patella facetectomy is a safe, effective, and relatively low-cost intervention with expedient recovery and low morbidity. This may be combined with soft tissue lengthening of contracted lateral retinacular structures. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the indications, contraindications, surgical technique, and outcomes of partial lateral patella facetectomy combined with lateral retinacular lengthening. Our goal is to provide an evidence-based strategy for the operative management of lateral patellar facet arthritis including excessive lateral compression.
Optimal charging scheduling and management for a fast-charging battery electric bus system

Abstract Battery electric buses (BEBs) are rapidly being embraced by public transit agencies because of their environmental and economic benefits. To address the problems of limited driving range and time-consuming charging for BEBs, manufacturers have developed rapid on-route charging technology that utilizes typical layovers at terminals to charge buses in operation using high power. With on-route fast-charging, BEBs are as capable as their diesel counterparts in terms of range and operating time. However, on-route fast-charging makes it more challenging to schedule and manage charging events for a BEB system. First, on-route fast-charging may lead to high electricity power demand charges. Second, it may increase electricity energy charges because of charging that occurs during on-peak hours. Without careful charging scheduling and management, on-route fast-charging may significantly increase fuel costs and reduce the economic attractiveness of BEBs. The present study proposes a network modeling framework to optimize the charging scheduling and management for a fast-charging BEB system, effectively minimizing total charging costs. The charging schedule determines when to charge a BEB, while the charging management strategically controls the actual charging power. Charging costs include both electricity demand charges and energy charges. The charging scheduling and management problem is first formulated as a nonlinear nonconvex program with time-continuous variables. A discretizing method and a linear reformulation technique are then adopted to reformulate the model as a linear program, which can be easily solved using off-the-shelf solvers, even for large-scale problems. Finally, the model is demonstrated with extensive numerical studies based on two real-world bus networks. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively determine the optimal charging scheduling and management for a fast-charging BEB system, which carries the potential for use in large-scale real-world bus networks.
Preteen Behaviors and Sexual Orientation of High School Students Who Report Depressive Symptoms, United States, 2015-2017:

Unhealthy preteen behaviors are associated with adolescent depression. However, little is known about preteen factors among sexual minority young people, a group at increased risk for teen depression and suicide. We completed weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses on data from the national 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of 30 389 high school students in the United States. Preteen sex, cigarette smoking, and alcohol and marijuana use were significantly more prevalent among lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) and questioning students who reported depressive symptoms than among their heterosexual peers (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] range, 1.33-2.34; all significant at P < .05). The only exception was that marijuana use among questioning students was not significantly different from use among heterosexual peers (APR = 1.34; P = .11). Assessment of preteen sex and substance use-especially among LGB and questioning young people, who are more prone to depressive symptoms and more likely to initiate risky preteen behaviors than their heterosexual counterparts-will facilitate a life course approach to sexual minority mental health that should begin by early adolescence.
CLOSE CORPORATION REMEDIES AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE CLOSELY HELD FIRM

This Article examines the law of closely held firms from an evolutionary perspective. The corporate tax and constraints on the availability of limited liability forced closely held firms to compro­ mise their planning objectives and choose standard forms that did not fully reflect their needs. These planning problems forced courts to construct duties and remedies that did not relate to the parties’ contracts. The famous close corporation case of Wilkes v. Springside Nursing Home, Inc.1 classically illustrates this problem. The advent and spread of the limited liability company significantly in­ creased the availability of suitable standard forms for closely held firms. As a result, courts now can focus on fully effectuating the parties’ contracts rather than creating remedies the parties may not have wanted. This analysis has implications for potential improve­ ments in contracting for closely held firms.
Anti-Democratic Immigration Law

This Article will bring together, in a novel way, three critical themes or concepts—settler colonialism, immigration plenary power, and rule of law. The United States constitutional democracy has naturalized racialized social and political stratification and subordination. Plenary power, a court-made doctrine founded upon sovereignty and nationalism, is one of the manifestations of the dark, anti-democratic undercurrents of oppression. The Chinese Exclusion Act, the contemporary ban on migration of persons from Muslim-majority countries, and the caging of asylum seekers are justified as necessary to maintain rule of law, sanctioned by the judiciary via plenary power. Plenary power’s legitimacy is taken for granted. In fact, it could be characterized as lawless because it has represented a politicized excuse by the judiciary to decline jurisdiction, or to provide lower levels of scrutiny to acts of Congress limiting the rights of particular classes of people, including immigrants. While immigration plenary power has been carefully studied by immigration scholars, none have considered it through the lens of settler colonialism in conjunction with a theory of rule of law to address the ways in which it undermines rights. This Article will directly take on the question of whether rule of law can facilitate challenging the racializing and subordinating function of immigration plenary power. Ultimately, the plenary power doctrine may help demonstrate that the problem with “rule of law” may not be that it means too many things to too many different people but that it means one thing, predetermined by the history of the settler colonial project.
Propulsion Assisting Roads for Driving Range Extension of Electric Vehicles

This paper introduces a new concept of propulsion assisting roads (PARs) for electric vehicles (EVs) which can be considered as an alternative to the dynamic wireless charging technology. While both concepts of PARs and dynamic wireless charging pursue the goal of extending the driving range of EVs and utilize the same principle of energized coils embedded under the surface of the road, the concept of PARs is based on direct conversion of electrical energy into kinematic energy for propelling the vehicle in the fashion of linear electrical motor operation. In this paper, the authors propose a simple and cost-effective implementation of such system based on linear induction motor (LIM) with moving passive secondary mounted underneath the vehicle and compare it with the dynamic wireless charging. A conceptual design of LIM is validated with 2D finite element analysis and simulation results are presented in the paper.
Liability in the Real Estate Closing Process: One Attorney, Two Roles, and Two Different Causes of Action

Claims relating to theft of real-estate escrow funds increased significantly after the financial meltdown and depression in late 2000s. Unwary lenders or borrowers are typically left in an uncertain position because they are rarely informed or may never learn of the escrow agent’s theft or misappropriation the of the real-estate proceeds. The lender or borrower may face lengthy and drawn out litigation where, typically, title insurers seek to restrict these claims based on Louisiana’s applicable statutes of limitations, known in the civil law as peremptive or prescriptive time periods. In Louisiana, legal malpractice is subject to a one-year prescriptive period or a three-year peremptive period. On the other hand, matters of contract or certain quasi contracts are subject to ten-year prescriptive periods. This comment asserts that legal malpractice is not the appropriate remedy for an attorney’s theft of real-estate escrow funds. The author asserts that in these situations, a ten-year liberative prescriptive period should be applied based on the attorney’s fiduciary duty that creates a quasi-contract based on the attorney’s control over escrow funds. The author supports this determination by distinguishing the differing roles title attorneys complete during the real-estate closing process and how those differences determine the applicable prescriptive and peremptive periods. The role differences are based on the defined practice of law related to the real-estate closing process under Louisiana Revised Statues Section 37:212 and its application to the Louisiana Title Insurance Act.
The impact of poor post-operative glucose control on neurosurgical surgical site infections (SSI).

Abstract Elevated HbA1c is associated with increased surgical site infections (SSI) in neurosurgical patients. How blood glucose control in the early post-operative period relates to SSI is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that poor early post-operative blood glucose control would be associated with SSI. Data from patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures at University of Missouri Hospital was retrospectively collected. Post-operative blood glucose for 72 h after surgery was assessed and categorized by levels of hyperglycemia; those with glucose ≥200 mg/dl were classified as poorly controlled. Patients with SSI were compared to patients without SSI using Chi-Square test with Fisher’s exact test when appropriate. Of 500 patients having surgery, 300 had at least one post-operative blood glucose measurement. Of those 300 patients, 19 (6.33%) developed SSI. Patients with SSI had significantly higher mean post-operative blood glucose levels (p = 0.0081) and a greater mean number of point-of-care glucose level measurements >150 mg/dL (p = 0.0434). Pre-operative HbA1c and SSI were not associated (p = 0.0867). SSI was associated with pre-operative glucocorticoid use (p = 0.03), longer operative procedure (p = 0.0072), and required use of post-operative insulin drip (p = 0.047). Incidence of other wound complications (cellulitis, deep infection, dehiscence) increased with increase in post-operative blood glucose levels to >225 mg/dL. Post-operative hyperglycemia is associated with SSI after neurosurgical procedures, emphasizing the importance addressing blood glucose control after surgery.