cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-social Parental Behaviour, Problematic Parenting and Aggressive Offspring Behaviour During Adulthood A 25-Year Longitudinal Investigation

Data from a 25-year community-based prospective longitudinal study were used to investigate the role of problematic parenting in the association between a history of anti-social parental behaviour and subsequent offspring aggression during adulthood. Parents with a history of anti-social behaviour were significantly more likely than other parents were to engage in two or more types of problematic child-rearing behaviour. Problematic parenting was associated with offspring aggression during adulthood after a history of anti-social parental behaviour was controlled statistically. Anti-social parental behaviour was associated with aggressive offspring behaviour during adulthood before, but not after, problematic parenting was controlled. These findings support the hypothesis that problematic parenting tends to mediate the association between anti-social parental behaviour and subsequent offspring aggression.
A green-yellow emitting oxyfluoride solid solution phosphor Sr2Ba(AlO4F)1−x(SiO5)x:Ce3+ for thermally stable, high color rendition solid state white lighting

A near-UV excited, oxyfluoride phosphor solid solution Sr1.975Ce0.025Ba(AlO4F)1−x(SiO5)x has been developed for solid state white lighting applications. An examination of the host lattice, and the local structure around the Ce3+ activator ions through a combination of density functional theory, synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and total scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance, points to how chemical substitutions play a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of the phosphor. The maximum emission wavelength can be tuned from green (λem = 523 nm) to yellow (λem = 552 nm) by tuning the composition, x. Photoluminescent quantum yield is determined to be 70 ± 5% for some of the examples in the series. Excellent thermal properties were found for the x = 0.5 sample, with the photoluminescence intensity at 160 °C only decreased to 82% of its room temperature value. Phosphor-converted LED devices fabricated using an InGaN LED (λmax = 400 nm) exhibit high color rendering white light with Ra = 70 and a correlated color temperature near 7000 K. The value of Ra could be raised to 90 by the addition of a red component, and the correlated color temperature lowered to near 4000 K.
The Challenge of Teaching Brown

"Did Brown really desegregate schools?" This is the question that inevitably is asked when we begin our study of Brown v. Board in my graduate level class, "The History of Education in the United States." Certainly, it is a valid question, but one that is problematic when one tries to reconcile the goals of the landmark case with the large number of segregated schools that exist today. When students compare how many segregated schools exist today with those of 1954, the simple answer, according to them, appears to be that Brown did not desegregate schools. It is the complexity of addressing this issue that makes teaching Brown a challenge. Pedagogically I should welcome the opportunity to teach such an issue that has no easy conclusion. As a result, it has the power to engage and challenge students in complex ways. Yet, there is a part of me that dreads teaching Brown because I fear that I cannot do justice to the enormity of that decision for the United States in 1954, nor to the significance that it has taken on in the ensuing decades. However, even with these challenges, how could I not teach Brown? From the outset I want to make clear that this is a reflective as opposed to directive piece. I certainly do not believe that I have a lock on the best way to teach Brown. Instead, I would like this essay to reflect my own uncertainty about what is pedagogically most effective. Students want to understand the significance of Brown because it is such a part of our popular historical culture, yet it is difficult to document the way in which Brown has changed schooling. It is especially important for students to understand the context of the time and thus the significance of the Supreme Court's decision in 1954. To correct the notion that "one day the Brown family decided to sue," we begin our study of Brown in the decades before 1954. During the first half of the twentieth century, one of the goals of the legal arm of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was to eliminate Jim Crow laws and overturn the doctrine of "separate but equal," established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). It became
Development of a New Boundary Layer Control Technique for Automotive Wind Tunnel Testing

*† Many different boundary layer control techniques are used in ground vehicle aerodynamic testing including suction, blowing, ground-boards, and rolling roads. In this paper an alternative boundary layer control method is discussed. Low momentum flow in the boundary layer can be energized using circulation from a rotating cylinder protruding through the floor. A comparison study shows that this application, if effective, may be a more cost-efficient solution than current road vehicle boundary layer control techniques. Furthermore, a boundary layer flow survey was conducted in the Wichita State University 7’x10’ wind tunnel as a baseline in order to conduct future proof-of-concept testing. The survey showed a displacement thickness growth from 1” at the test section entrance to 3” at the start of the diffuser. Testing in a pilot tunnel has also been completed with the results showing that a boundary layer profile with an initial momentum displacement thickness of 0.098 in. could be reduced by 40-45% with rotational velocities of approximately 5000rpm. The goal of this paper is to document a two week pilot study for this alternative boundary layer control technique to determine possible application to the 7’x10’ wind tunnel.
The production of lysyl oxidase by human fibroblasts in culture

Abstract Lysyl oxidase, the enzyme that converts lysyl residues of collagen to aldehydes in the initial step of cross-link formation, is produced by human fibroblasts in culture. Almost all of the enzymatic activity was found in the medium, a finding that is consistent with an extracellular site for aldehyde formation. Activity was maximal near the end of the rapid proliferative phase of growth. Levels of lysyl oxidase activity in cultures of fibroblasts derived from patients with the Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, two hereditary diseases of connective tissue that may possibly involve a defect in collagen cross-linking, were similar to those found with normal fibroblasts.
Functional significance of inhibitory interactions between inhibitory interneurons in visual cortex

Abstract A patch of layer 1 inhibitory interneurons from turtle visual cortex was modeled in order to explore the functional roles of inhibitory interactions between inhibitory interneurons. A simulated light flash produced action potentials in the neurons with latencies of 37–52 ms. Blocking GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition resulted in doublets of action potentials in many cells and increased the range of spike latencies to 37–69 ms. Inhibitory interactions between inhibitory cells may serve to produce a strong and temporally focused inhibition of pyramidal cells and to regulate the occurrence of spike doublets that are thought to be important in generating synchronous oscillations in cortex.
Adolescent risk for HIV infection: comparison of four high risk samples.

ABSTRACT Adolescents (N= 482) at elevated risk for sexually-transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, were assessed on theoretically-derived measures of knowledge and attitudes toward precautionary behavior, frequencies of high risk sexual and substance use behaviors, and other psychosocial factors implicated in adolescents' risky behavior such as impulsivity, risk-taking propensity, and social support. The adolescent samples included drug-dependent adolescents (n = 77), incarcerated youth (n = 194), homeless and runaway youth (n= 55), and urban African-American adolescents (n= 156). Drug-dependent and incarcerated youth evidenced exceedingly high HIV-risk and less favorable psychosocial profiles, with drug-dependent females reporting the highest levels of overall risk. Youth in homeless shelters were lower in HIV-risk and had more favorable psychosocial profiles than drug-dependent and incarcerated youth and were slightly higher on these measures than African-American youth sampled from the community. Ge...
A Fault-Tolerant Multisensor Navigation System Design

The problem of soft-failure tolerant estimation in navigationsystems composed of multiple inertial measurement clusters and oneor more reference sensors is addressed. A new approach ispresented that achieves containment of failed sensor data, andisolates the historic good data provided by the unfailed sensors.Multiple (local) estimates are computed where the estimates areconditioned on different subsets of the sensors. A statistical overlaptest is used to determine the validity of the local estimates, and afailed sensor can be identified from analysis of the invalid localestimates. After the time of detection the most accurate estimatebased on all but the failed sensor is identified. The results areapplied to a dual-inertial/Doppler radar navigation system andsimulation results are presented.
Fertilizer Use in Regulated River Basins: Is it What We Think?

Like many impacted coastal water systems, the Tar-Pamlico River Basin and Jordan Lake watershed in North Carolina have had environmental rules implemented to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to their waters. Agriculture's contribution to nutrient loading in both basins was based on models, and no agricultural data were collected before rules were designed. A one-time statistically valid area-frame sampling was applied to agricultural fields in each of the basins to collect agricultural information, including fertilizer rates. This sampling was much more detailed than current USDA surveys. In both basins, nitrogen fertilizer rates were frequently lower than the recommended rates, and therefore, calculated nitrogen losses were lower than expected; phosphorus application rates were irrespective of soil test information. Generally, the survey found that producers in both basins are often under-applying fertilizer, especially nitrogen, and minimizing environmental impact of nutrient and soil losses from agricultural fields through appropriate cropping systems and conservation practices.
Arguing with success: pulley surgery versus conventional surgery for convergence excess esotropia.

I nthe strabismus literature, introduction of an innovative new surgical procedure typically takes the form of a retrospective case series in which good results are taken as validation of the procedure. The paper byMitchell and Kowal in this issue of the Journal of AAPOS, showing excellent results from bilateral medial rectus muscle recessions and pulley posterior fixation for convergence excess esotropia, follows this model. But does this success prove the utility of adding pulley posterior fixation to medial rectus muscle recessions? Experience has shown that medial rectus muscle recessions alone, in conventional amounts targeting the distance deviation with full cycloplegic correction, produce a high rate of undercorrection. Various methods of augmenting the conventional amount of surgery have been advocated to reduce the number of undercorrections and eliminate the dependence on bifocals for adequate near alignment. These have included operating for the near deviation, the mean of the distance deviation with and without correction, the mean of the near deviation with and without correction, a prism-adapted angle, or a systematic adjustment of the surgical dosage table. The concern about this approach is that, if enough surgery is performed to correct the near alignment, an exotropia with distance fixation may result. Although a few exotropias are reported, this is not a major problem in either the short term or after many years of follow-up.Moreover, the target angle thatMitchell and Kowal used was the mean of the distance and near deviations with correction—they were therefore also performing augmented medial rectus muscle recessions. The principal reason for adding pulley posterior fixation sutures in this group of patients is to reduce the distance– near incomitance (convergence excess). Scleral posterior fixation sutures have been advocated for this purpose and pulley posterior fixation sutures are thought to be functionally similar. But although scleral posterior fixation sutures reduce the distance–near incomitance when used by themselves, they do not necessarily provide additional effect when combined with medial rectus muscle recessions. This may seem paradoxical if the
Chromosome movement: Dynein-out at the kinetochore

Cell biologists have long speculated that a minus end-directed motor localized at kinetochores contributes to the poleward movement of chromosomes during mitosis. Two recent studies provide direct evidence that cytoplasmic dynein can perform this function.
Does radiotherapy around the time of pregnancy for Hodgkin's disease modify the risk of breast cancer?

Abstract Purpose To determine whether the risk of secondary breast cancer after radiotherapy (RT) for Hodgkin's disease is greater among women who underwent RT around time of pregnancy. Methods and materials The records of 382 women treated with RT for Hodgkin's disease were reviewed and divided into those who received RT around the time of pregnancy and those who were not pregnant. Comparisons of the overall incidence, actuarial rates, and latency to breast cancer between the two groups were made. Multivariate Cox regression modeling was performed to determine possible contributing factors. Results Of the 382 women, 14 developed breast cancer (3.7%). The increase in the overall incidence (16.0% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.0001) and the actuarial rate of breast cancer among the women in the pregnant group ( p = 0.011) was statistically significant. The women treated around the time of pregnancy had a 10- and 15-year actuarial rate of breast cancer of 6.7% and 32.6%, respectively. The 10-year and 15-year actuarial rate for the nonpregnant women was 0.4% and 1.7%, respectively. The median latency from RT to the diagnosis of breast cancer was 13.1 and 18.9 years for women in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, pregnancy around the time of RT was the only variable associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The risk was dependent on the length of time from pregnancy to RT, with women receiving RT during pregnancy and within 1 month of pregnancy having an increased risk of breast cancer compared with nonpregnant women and women irradiated later than 1 month after pregnancy (hazard ratio, 22.49; 95% confidence interval, 5.56–90.88; p Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the risk of breast cancer after RT is greater with irradiation around the time of pregnancy. This suggests that pregnancy is a time of increased sensitivity of breast tissue to the carcinogenic effects of radiation. Because of the small sample size and limited follow-up, additional studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
Assessing knowledge conveyed in gesture : Do teachers have the upper hand ?

Children's gestures can reveal important information about their problem-solving strategies. This study investigated whether the information children express only in gesture is accessible to adults not trained in gesture coding. Twenty teachers and 20 undergraduates viewed videotaped vignettes of 12 children explaining their solutions to equations. Six children expressed the same strategy in speech and gesture, and 6 expressed different strategies. After each vignette, adults described the child's reasoning. For children who expressed different strategies in speech and gesture, both teachers and undergraduates frequently described strategies that children had not expressed in speech. These additional strategies could often be traced to the children's gestures. Sensitivity to gesture was comparable for teachers and undergraduates. Thus, even without training, adults glean information, not only from children's words but also from their hands.
Respiratory health services reported by U.S. mining facilities in the National Occupational Health Survey of Mining (1984–1989)

This report describes the involvement of mine management personnel at U.S. mines in providing environmental and medical services related to respiratory health. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire that was administered to mine management personnel at 491 mines and mills during May 1984 to August 1989. The data indicate that 62% of U.S. miners worked at facilities that provided at least a portion of workers with chest X-rays, and 41% worked at facilities that provided at least a portion of workers with pulmonary function tests. Eighty-five percent of miners worked at facilities in which the company required a medical examination of all new employees; the majority were required by company policy to have a medical examination before returning to work after an illness. However, only 2% of miners were required by company policy to have an exit medical examination when their employment ended. This report underscores the need for respiratory health to remain a primary concern of all persons who provide occupational health services to miners.
A methodology for deriving model input parameters from a set of environmental data

Abstract Selection of appropriate values for model input parameters requires knowledge of the distribution of these parameters. The TERPED computer code is a versatile methodology for determining with what confidence a parameter set may be considered to have a normal or lognormal frequency distribution and for determining appropriate representative values. Several measures of central tendency are computed. Other options include computation of the chi-square statistic, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) non-parametric statistic, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Our implementation of the KS test uses algorithms that yield results valid for both large and small sample size. Cumulative probability plots are produced either in high resolution (pen and ink for film) or in printer-plot form.
Fractionation of immunoreactive cholecystokinin by adsorption to QUSO or talc.

Abstract The technique of adsorption of peptides containing basic amino acids to surfaces of silica or talc has been extended to distinguish between the basic precursor peptides, cholecystokinin (CCK33) and its variant (CCK39), and their COOH-terminal 12 and 8 amino acid fragments (CCK12 and CCK8) in plasma and tissue extracts. CCK39 and CCK33 are quantitatively adsorbed from 2 ml of solution by 5 mg QUSO G32 or 25 mg talc. The adsorbed basic peptides can be completely eluted from QUSO but not from talc by 0.1N HC1. CCK12 and CCK8 are not detectably adsorbed by either QUSO or talc. The method is simple, inexpensive and is suitable for rapid handling of multiple samples.
On the bright side of the screen: Material-world interactions surrounding the socialization of outsiders to digital spaces

Abstract Internet technologies are generally characterized as deriving from Western mindsets—the assumptions, values, and beliefs that determine how individuals perceive, interpret, and communicate experience. For composition instructors, the Internet's Western accent raises concerns about how students who do not identify with IT's dominant discourse can find a voice that is their own and that also empowers them as participants in online spaces. Numerous studies have explored how outsiders adopt, transform, and resist Internet discourses; at the same time, few studies have used participant observation to explore offline interactions that support the socialization of newcomers and/or outsiders in the use of digital technologies. This essay extends existing research through reporting findings from a reflective, ethnographic study of material-world interactions surrounding the socialization of outsiders to digital spaces.
Membrane pore formation by human complement: functional importance of the transmembrane β-hairpin (TMH) segments of C8α and C9.

Human C8 and C9 have a key role in forming the pore-like “membrane attack complex” (MAC) of complement on bacterial cells. A possible mechanism for membrane insertion of these proteins was suggested when studies revealed a structural similarity between the MACPF domains of the C8α and C8β subunits and the pore-forming bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs). This similarity includes a pair of α-helical bundles that in the CDCs refold during pore formation to produce two transmembrane β-hairpins (TMH1 and TMH2). C9 is the major pore-forming component of the MAC and is also likely to contain two TMH segments because of its homology to C8α and C8β. To determine their potential for membrane insertion, the TMH sequences in C8α and those predicted to be in C9 were substituted for the TMH sequences in perfringolysin O (PFO), a well-characterized CDC. Only chimeric proteins containing TMH2 from C8α (PFO/αT2) or C9 (PFO/C9T2) could be expressed in soluble, active form. The PFO/αT2 and PFO/C9T2 chimeras retained significant hemolytic activity, formed pore-like structures on membranes, and could combine with PFO to form hemolytically active mixed complexes that were functionally similar to PFO alone. These results provide experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that TMH segments in C8α and those predicted to be in C9 have a direct role in MAC membrane penetration and pore formation.
High-speed AFM probe with micromachined membrane tip

This paper presents a micromachined silicon membrane type AFM tip designed to move nearly 1µm by electrostatic force. Since the tip can be vibrated in small amplitude with AC voltage input and can be displaced up to 1μm by DC voltage input, an additional piezo actuator is not required for scanning of submicron features. The micromachined membrane tips are designed to have 100 kHz ~ 1 MHz resonant frequency. Displacement of the membrane tip is measured by an optical interferometer using a micromachined diffraction grating on a quartz wafer which is positioned behind the membrane tip.
Biased Star Tracker Measurements of Forty-Nine Stars from Flight Data

DOI: 10.2514/1.49412 Approximately 1% of the 10,000 stars observed by the ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite star trackers are believed to have position measurement biases caused by near-neighbor stars. The biases are in the tracker measurements, not the star catalogs. Empirical biases were derived for 49 stars. A survey was performed to detect and characterize biased stars by treating each observed star as a target, predicting the tracker measurements of the target, andthen comparing the observations andpredictions. The distribution of prediction accuracies for unbiased stars had a mean of 1.46 arcseconds and a standard deviation of 0.61 arcseconds. Ninety percent of the sky was covered and five million passes of 10,472 stars were processed. Stars were classified using a Mahalanobis distance parameter,whichscaledpositionresidualsbypredictionuncertainties.StarswithlargeMahalanobisdistanceswere then studied individually.
Stress-induced diffusion and defect chemistry of La0.2Sr0.8Fe0.8Cr0.2O3−δ: Part 1—creep in controlled-oxygen atmosphere

Abstract In this study, the compressive creep behavior of La0.2Sr0.8Fe0.8Cr0.2O3−δ (LSFCO) in oxygen-controlled atmosphere is investigated in order to understand the underlying stress-induced cation diffusion and defect chemistry in this compound. The creep behavior is investigated in the stress, temperature and grain size ranges of 10–80 MPa, 1100–1175 °C and 3.2–28.5 μm, respectively. The oxygen atmosphere is controlled in the oxygen partial pressure range of PO2=0.21–10−14 atm. The material exhibits two markedly different behaviors at high and low PO2. At high PO2, the behavior is characterized by the oxygen partial pressure exponent of m=0.04, followed by a drastic increase in strain rates at low PO2, characterized by m=−0.5. In the m=−0.5 regime, the effect of oxygen partial pressure on the grain size exponent, as well as the transition to power-law creep is investigated. It is concluded that the mechanism responsible for the rapid increase in strain rates increases the contribution of bulk diffusion from predominant (p=2.3) to nearly pure bulk diffusion (m=2.07). The same mechanism also increases the stress range for predominant diffusion creep relative to power-law creep.
Electrical conductivity measurements of aqueous sodium chloride solutions to 600°C and 300 MPa

Electrical conductance measurements of dilute (<0.1 mol-kg−1) aqueous NaCl solutions were made primarily to quantify the degree of ion association which increases with increasing temperature and decreasing solvent density. These measurements were carried out at temperatures from 100 to 600°C and pressures up to 300 MPa with a modified version of the apparatus used previously in the high temperature study in this laboratory. Particular emphasis was placed on conditions close to the critical temperaturelpressure region of water, i.e., at 5° intervals from 370 to 400°C. The results verify previous findings that the limiting equivalent conductance Ao of NaCl increases linearly with decreasing density from 0.75 to 0.3 g-cm−1 and also with increasing temperature from 100 to 350°C. Above 350°C. Ao is virtually temperature independent. The logarithm of the molal association constant as calculated exclusively from the data≥400°C is represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and the logarithm of the density of water (g-cm−3) as follows: $$log K_m = 0.997 - 650.07/T - (10.420 - 2600.5/T)log\rho _w $$
Mice lacking Melanin Concentrating Hormone 1 receptor are resistant to seizures

The Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) system is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system and regulates a variety of physiological functions. It has been reported that acute central administration of MCH inhibits pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. In the present study MCH 1 receptor knockout mice (MCH 1 R-KO) were used to investigate the role of MCH signaling in modulating seizure susceptibility. Seizure behaviors were compared between MCH 1 R-KO and wild type (MCH 1 R-WT) mice following administration of the convulsant compounds PTZ or pilocarpine. PTZ injection induced clonic seizures in MCH 1 R-WT mice but failed to induce them in MCH 1 R-KO mice. More than twice as many injections of intermittently administered low dose PTZ were required to induce clonic seizures in MCH 1 R-KO mice than in MCH 1 R-WT mice. Following pilocarpine injection, MCH 1 R-WT mice experienced clonic seizures and most had tonic seizures and entered status epilepticus, while all MCH 1 R-KO mice were completely resistant to these effects. MCH 1 R-KO mice were also observed to be strongly protected from the development of PTZ kindling. Genetic deletion of MCH 1 R conferred resistance to all seizure models tested in this study. The data indicate that the MCH system is involved in the regulation of PTZ and pilocarpine seizure threshold.
Circannual rhythms—I. Free-running rhythms in growth and development of the marine cnidarian, Campanularia flexuosa

Abstract 1. 1. Free-running circannual rhythms are delineated in the marine cnidarian, Campanularia flexuosa , cultured continuously in a constant 10°C environment and have periods defined by cyclic changes in growth and development that ranged from 379 to 411 days. 2. 2. Phases of luxuriant growth were interrupted by summer seasons of sparse growth and brief mid-winter seasons of sharply curtailed growth. 3. 3. Characteristics of sparse growth were: (a) decline in the rate of initiation of hydranth buds, (b) rise in the percentage of aborted hydranths and (c) loss of cellular components from either the apices of or entire uprights. 4. 4. After 3 years, new colonies were obtained from nature and cultured together with the older colonies in the same vessels; for the 6 months that the colonies were observed, they were clearly out of phase with each other during the mid-winter and the beginning of the summer seasons. This observation eliminates the possibility that the rhythms were the result of unknown or possible changes in the culture conditions.
Kinetic and quantitative measurements of catecholamine transport in chromaffin ghosts using a glassy carbon electrode.

Abstract A method for the on-line kinetic measurement of net catecholamine uptake and release in ghosts derived from bovine chromaffin granules is described. Changes in free catecholamine concentration in 1 to 2 ml of media containing chromaffin ghosts were continuously measured through the amperometric detection of their oxidation products through a glassy carbon electrode set at 0.5-V potential vs a reference electrode. Parallel measurements of catecholamine uptake and release in the ghosts under various metabolic conditions show a good quantitative agreement between the values obtained with the electrode and those obtained through high-performance liquid chromatography after separation of the ghosts from the medium. Initial velocities of ATP-dependent uptake of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and isoproternol by the ghosts are shown. This method permits, for the first time, quantitation of unidirectional movement of catecholamines in the presence of minute quantities of biological samples. The advantages, limitations, and suitability of this method to measure catecholamine transport in other systems are discussed.
Eigenvalue and eigenvector determination for nonclassically damped dynamic systems

Abstract A perturbation method for the eigenanalysis of nonclassically damped dynamic systems is derived and discussed. The method appears to be suitable for the rapid determination to any accuracy of one or all of a system's complex eigenvalue-eigenvector pairs. Although the present study assumes that the system damping matrix is symmetric, this is not required. Thus, the method is suitable for the eigenanalysis of gyroscopic and other interesting systems. The derivation of the method involves a partial diagonalization of the homogeneous equations of motion by the eigenvectors of the undamped system. A perturbation quantity based on the off-diagonal terms of the partially diagonalized damping matrix is defined. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the damped system are described in terms of power series in the perturbation quantity. Equations are developed for the general coefficient in each power series. The potential value of the method is illustrated by the eigenanalysis of a set of example systems. For the majority of the systems analyzed, the method produced results in less time than the standard Foss approach.
Sediment erosion thresholds and characteristics of resuspended aggregates on the western European continental margin

Abstract Sediment erosion thresholds and characteristics of resuspended aggregates were experimentally determined on cores from the western European continental margin with a ship-borne erosion chamber augmented by image analysis. Bottom sediments (212–4940 m water depth) had a thin surface layer that was resuspended as aggregates (median diameter 125–2403 μm) under critical shear velocities ( u ∗c ) of 0.4–1.2 cm s −1 . For the underlying sediments, eroded as primary particles, u ∗c increased with water depth from 0.7 cm s −1 (sandy shelf sediments) to 2.1 cm s −1 (lower slope sediments). A two-layer concept of the sediment interface is discussed which distinguishes between an underlying sediment layer, bound by both physico-chemical and biological adhesion, and a more easily resuspendable surface aggregate layer. The surface layer consists mainly of aggregates in the 140–450 μm size range and is resuspended at mean thresholds u ∗c of 0.8–0.9 cm s −1 . These aggregates can subsequently be transported in tide-related resuspension–deposition loops over long distances.
THE SEX OF ONE'S FRIENDS '

Summary.-The number of dose friends was associated with higher perceiving (versus judging) scores and the proportion of close friends who were male was associated with high intuiting (versus sensing) scores in a sample of 67 Female college students.
Tubulin conformation in zinc-induced sheets and macrotubes

The protein tubulin is the main constituent of microtubules. Previous studies have shown that zinc ions induce the formation of crystalline sheets and macrotubes of tubulin. Both crystal types are suitable for structural studies by electron crystallography. However, crystallographic structural analysis of tubulin has been hampered by limited crystal size and quality and the inability to control crystal polymorphism. We can obtain well-ordered crystals which are grown upon prolonged incubations (up to 24 hr). The presence of NaCl delays the degradation of the crystals, and addition of the protease inhibitor pepstatin improves crystal quality. The crystal form (sheet or macrotube) can be controlled with incubation conditions. The size of the crystals can reach up to 2 microns in width for the sheets and up to 0.5 microns in diameter for the macrotubes. Both crystal types can reach several micrometers in length. Comparison of the projection maps of the two crystal structures shows that adjacent protofilaments in the macrotubes are shifted by about 6 A relative to their positions in the sheets. Observable changes of monomer shape appear to allow close interprotofilament contacts to be maintained in both crystal forms. Images of glucose-embedded specimens obtained under these conditions give structural information beyond 4 A resolution. Merging of high- and low-resolution data allows for unambiguous assignment of monomer boundaries to high-resolution features.
An overview of farnesyltransferase inhibitors and their role in lung cancer therapy

Protein farnesylation is required for the localization and function of several proteins pivotal to signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal organization, among which are the ras proteins. Mutations in one family member K-ras occur in 50% of non-small cell lung cancer and have been associated with poor prognosis. Because the ability of ras to induce malignant transformation depends on its plasma membrane localization, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) were designed to curtail ras-mediated aberrant signals, which stimulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, current evidence suggests that the antitumor activity of FTIs may be ras-independent. This article reviews preclinical and clinical data pertinent to the use of FTIs in lung cancer.
Epilogue: A cautionary note about on‐line assessment

The effectiveness of on-line assessment is challenged by several significant factors: unrealistic appraisal of the potential of on-line education, enforcement of a code of conduct, and computer and telecommunication skills bias and other limitations of on-line media.
Extraoperative neurostimulation mapping: results from an international survey of epilepsy surgery programs.

Purpose Extraoperative electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) to identify functional cortex is performed prior to neurosurgical resection at epilepsy surgery programs worldwide. However, the procedure remains unstandardized, with no established clinical guidelines. We sought to determine the current range in ESM practice parameters across established epilepsy surgery centers.
Postoperative outpatient chest tube management: initial experience with a new portable system.

Purpose Prolonged air or fluid chest tube drainage may delay chest tube removal in thoracic surgery patients otherwise ready for discharge. We reviewed 20 months of experience at our institution with postoperative, outpatient chest tube management using a new portable chest tube device. Description From May 2003 to December 2004, 457 major thoracic procedures were performed at our institution. Besides excessive chest tube output or air leak, 50 patients met the criteria for discharge. There were 36 patients who were discharged with a new portable chest tube system (Express Mini 500; Atrium Medical Corp, Hudson, NH). Patients received written instructions and demonstrated competence on system use. Patients returned for chest tube removal after satisfactory resolution of air leak or fluid drainage. Evaluation Postoperative outpatient chest tube management accounted for 404 days. There were no major complications. Four patients experienced minor complications. Thirty-two patients (89%) experienced uneventful and successful outpatient chest tube management. Conclusions These data suggest that successful postoperative outpatient chest tube management can be accomplished in select patients. This program resulted in substantial hospital cost reduction and enhanced patient satisfaction by allowing earlier discharge.
Telluride-mediated stereospecific conversion of racemic E-allylic alcohols to homochiral Z-allylic alcohols; transposition of primary and secondary allylic alcohols via glycidol derivatives

Abstract Racemic trans -secondary allylic alcohols can be converted to homochiral cis -secondary allylic alcohols by means of a telluride-mediated transposition reaction applied to the homochiral glycidol obtained from a Sharpless kinetic resolution. (+)-Linalool is obtained in >95% enantiomeric excess from geraniol, an example of a transposition of a primary allylic alcohol to a homochiral tertiary alcohol.
Introduction of new technology into critical care practice: a history of HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin.

OBJECTIVES HA-1A, a monoclonal antibody against endotoxin, was thought to be effective in treating patients with Gram-negative sepsis. Because of this possibility, many clinicians felt obligated to use the drug and assumed that its product license application would be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nevertheless, the efficacy of HA-1A was not conclusively demonstrated by a first clinical trial. The FDA rejected the product license application and requested a second clinical trial, which was suspended after excess mortality was noted in patients treated with HA-1A. This review of the history of the drug was prepared to provide clinicians and sepsis investigators with information about HA-1A and, by extension, the process by which new technology is introduced into critical care practice. DATA SOURCES Data used to prepare this review were obtained from the author's personal files as well as the computerized MEDLINE database. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected for their relevance to the history of HA-1A and their relevance to the introduction of potentially useful medical technology. DATA EXTRACTION The author extracted all applicable data. DATA SYNTHESIS Although the first clinical trial of HA-1A suggested that the drug was effective in treating patients with Gram-negative bacteremia with or without shock, further analysis by the FDA indicated a benefit only for bacteremic patients with shock. Furthermore, the original study design was not followed, leading in part to the FDA's refusal of the product license application. Concern also was raised over the issue of identifying which patients should receive HA-1A and the cost of the drug, which would have put it past the reach of some American hospitals and thereby, would have conflicted with the ethical principle of social justice. Finally, the second trial suggested that HA-1A might be harmful. CONCLUSIONS Due to the FDA's action, the issues raised about HA-1A, and the results of the two clinical trials, clinicians should not use the drug. The history of HA-1A provides insights about how new technology is and will be introduced into critical care practice.
Numerical Seakeeping Simulation of Model Test Condition for Two-Ship Interaction in Waves

In order to validate the numerical prediction of two-ship interactions in waves, the model test calibration has to be conducted. However, motion constraints are usually applied when model tests are carried out for the measurement of wave excitation forces and moments in certain selected motion modes for both ships. Therefore, in current paper, a numerical seakeeping simulation of the model test conditions has been studied. Restraints in surge, sway and yaw, as well as the free motion modes in heave, roll and pitch have been all applied to both the ships, experimentally and numerically. The restraint forces and the unrestrained motions have been compared with the model test results and numerical simulation results. Fairly good agreements have been found.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Developing Strategic Readers in Elementary School.

The goal of this paper is to examine the effect of strategic reading instruction in conditions not previously studied. The reading behavior of two third-grade classes of Navajo learners was tested over the course of a year. One class received instruction designed to foster the use of reading strategies; the second class did not. The results from the data collected suggest that strategy instruction positively affected the behavior of the students in the first class. This finding is of interest in that this form of instruction has not previously been utilized with the participants, Navajo learners, or in the small-scale context investigated here.
“Behind the Hieroglyphic Streets”: Pynchon's Oedipa Maas and the Dialectics of Reading

(1991). “Behind the Hieroglyphic Streets”: Pynchon's Oedipa Maas and the Dialectics of Reading. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 63-77.
Isobolographic analysis of interactions: an update on applications and utility

Isobolographic analysis provides a fundamental basis for assessing whether biological responses induced by mixtures of agents are greater, equal or smaller than would have been expected on the basis of the individual activities of the component agents and the concept of dose additivity. Limited in its direct application to binary mixtures, isobolographic analysis provides a conceptual framework and an unambiguous terminology, as well as an algebraic paradigm for the analysis of the interaction of ternary and higher order mixtures. A library of examples generously illustrated graphically is provided to facilitate the understanding of the methodology and serve as a guide for investigators who are unfamiliar with the approach. Also discussed are the theoretical derivation of the isobologram, the representation of various dosage combinations, the derivation of the principle of dose additivity, supra-additivity, infra-additivity, antagonism, the methods for probit analysis of mixture potency, effect addition and the consequences of peak effect coincidence in time or lack thereof, and the role of isobolographic analysis in the various aspects of dose-response surface methodology.
Convergence of weighted sums of random sets

Stochastic convergence of weighted sums of the form is obtained for random sets {Xk} whose values are compact subsets of a Banach space and where {ank} is a Toeplitz sequence of real numbers. In particular , conditions imposed by some previous authors in comparable strong laws of large numbers that the compact subsets also be convex or that the random sets be identically distributed are removed
On the relation between creep cavitation and grain boundary orientation

Abstract 1. 1. The influence of grain boundary inclination on the creep cavity nucleation rate and the cavity growth rate has been studied using SEM and a stereo microscopy technique in a CuSb alloy. 2. 2. Both the cavity growth rate and the cavity nucleation rate were found to be higher on transvers boundaries. 3. 3. A possible explanation for the higher nucleation rate on boundaries by stochastic grain boundary sliding has been proposed.
A Comparison of Flat, Parallel Plate, and Cavity Virial Models for Henry's Law Argon-Solid Adsorption

Abstract Seven sets of second gas-solid virial coefficients for argon adsorbed onto seven different surfaces (two graphitic carbons, three microporous carbons, and two zeolites) were analyzed with three different virial models. Flat, parallel plate, and cavity virial models were used to describe the interactions between the adsorbate molecule and each type of adsorbent surface, over a range of temperatures, in the Henry's law region. In calculating theoretical B 2s values, parameters which gave the most consistent structural results for a given solid over a range of temperature were selected. Surface areas and effective pore volumes were then calculated from the chosen parameters. The objective of this research was to test the surface specificity of the three virial adsorption models and to compare the energetic and structural parameters obtained from these models.
Effect of a KK resonance on the interpretation of the Φ-meson

If t he d) a n d o) mesons h a v e t he same q u a n t u m n u m b e r s , t he re is a p rob l em of dec id ing wh ich one shou ld be r ega rded as t he isoscalar m e m b e r of t h e vec to r meson octet . The p red ic t ion by t he mass fo rmula of (~ELL-MANN (Z) a n d NE'EMAN ('2) is no t conclus ive because the p red ic t ed mass of t he isoscalar m e m b e r falls approxi m a t e l y ha l f -way be t w een those of o) and (l) if p a n d K* are t he o the r m e m b e r s of t h e octet . :Last yea r BARBOUR and N~sI~I~/m~ (a) car r ied ou t a b o o t s t r a p ca lcu la t ion in t he K]~ sys tem. Since t he oc te t m e m b e r s are supposed to p roduce themse lves in th i s scheme, t he e x c h a n g e d par t ic les were ~ and d). The re were two e q u a t i o n s ; one for d e t e r m i n i n g t h e pos i t ion of t he r e sonance in t h e ma in c h a n n e l a n d t he o t h e r r e l a t i ng t h e w i d t h of t h e r e sonance w i t h t he coupl ing cons t an t s . Solving t h e m s i m u l t a n e o u s l y for t h e coupl ing cons t an t s , t h e y o b t a i n e d y~ .~+/4z=2 .16 a n d yK~/4.n = 0.92. The i r ra t io , R, is 2.35 while a s imi lar ca lcu la t ion w i t h (o rep lac ing (p gave 9 ~Kffd 4 ~ 6 . 3 1 ' -and y~Kp/4n=5 .30 w i t h t h e i r ra t io equa l to 1.19. The u n i t a r y s y m m e t r y scheme p red ic t s th i s ra t io to be 3 and t h u s i t was conc luded t h a t ¢9 is t he l ikely c a n d i d a t e to t he isoscalar m e m b e r s h i p in t he octet . Recent ly , however , KI_~-G (4) ana lysed t h e process K ÷ p > _ ~ + K . In order to exp la in t he b a c k w a r d peak in t he angu l a r d i s t r i bu t i on of t he p roduc t ion process, i t was necessary to i n t r o d u c e a r e sonance in t he K K sys tem. I t s mass was e s t i m a t e d to be a b o u t 1000 MeV a n d i ts q u a n t u m n u m b e r s J 0 + and I = 1 . In th is Le t t e r , we shal l e x a m i n e t he effect of such a resonance, cal led 8, on t h e conclus ion of I. As in I, t h e p w a v e s c a t t e r i n g a m p l i t u d e is defined as
Intradural, extramedullary amyloidoma involving cervical and thoracic spine.

We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with insidious lower extremity paralysis and bowel and bladder disruption found to have an intradural, extramedullary amyloidoma from the levels of C4–T4. To our knowledge, this is the first known reported case of amyloidoma occurring in this location. Solitary amyloidoma of the spine is a rare entity typically manifesting as an extradural tumor with bony involvement.