cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients in Nan Hospital, Thailand

Objective: To determine risk factors associated with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients. Method: This retrospective study was performed on 198 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the diabetes clinic at Nan Hospital in Northern Thailand. Basic information (i.e., gender, age, weight, body mass index) of patients and factors associated with microalbuminuria [i.e., fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, urine microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, foot problem, eye problem] were investigated. Comparisons of mean were performed using the Student’s t-tests, and comparisons of proportions using the chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression and odds ratio analyses were performed to determine the relationship between microalbuminuria and risk factors while adjusting for covariates. Results: Of the 198 diabetes patients, the majority were females (54.6%). The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 36.4% and of hypertension was 32.8%. The mean serum creatinine of the microalbuminuric group was significantly higher than the normoalbuminuric group (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension in the microalbuminuric group was higher than that in the normoalbuminuric group (38.9% and 29.4%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.171). The strong risk factors for the development of microalbuminuria were gender (higher for females; OR = 2.25, p=0.025), elevated HbA1C (OR = 1.44, p=0.015) and serum creatinine (OR = 7.41, p<0.001). Conclusion: High level of HbA1C was a risk factor for the development of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients. Early detection for diabetic nephropathy and aggressive management of this factor may be essential in preventing or delaying the progression to end-stage renal disease.
A Sandtray a Day Keeps the Doctor at Play: Using Sandtray for Personal and Professional Development

AbstractThis article details a year-long project in which the author created a series of 365 sandtrays and journaled about them as a professional and personal growth project. The author shares professional and personal lessons learned from this experience and describes how reflective practices can be used as a method to improve clinical work.
A preschooler in a disaster.

A search of the literature of children in disasters showed no case of individual therapy with such a child. The absence may be related to a specific countertransference. In the case of the preschooler presented here, the child's particular situation and developmental stage were significant aspects of his reaction and therapy. Language: en
A Comparative Study of Interest Groups and the Political Process.

The first research planning session of the Committee on Comparative Politics of the Social Science Research Council was held on April 5â€“10, 1957 at the Center for Advanced Study of the Behavior Sciences at Stanford, California. The participants included some of the recipients of SSRC grants for field studies of political groups, as well as a number of other scholars planning field research on these problems. The purpose of the Committee in sponsoring planning sessions among its grantees and other interested scholars is to enhance the cumulative value of research efforts now under way or planned for the near future. As a result of the SSRC program, as well as of a number of other organized and individual efforts, we can anticipate in a few years an extensive monographic literature dealing with political groups and processes in a great many foreign countries and a variety of different culture areas. Systematic information on this scale may not only fill in â€œareas of ignorance,â€ but offers an opportunity for significant advances in the general theory of politics.
Contralateral Vocal Fold Reactive Lesions: Nomenclature, Treatment Choice, and Outcome

ObjectiveContralateral reactive lesions (RLs) represent a distinct entity among benign bilateral vocal fold (VF) lesions. Lack of uniform nomenclature and a myriad of surgical options have hampered attempts to develop treatment guidelines. The objective of this study is to better define RLs and their prognosis, through the development of a standard nomenclature, with an aim to guide treatment and delineate the role of phonosurgery.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsAnalysis was performed on patients with Current Procedural Terminology code 31545. Operative reports with a primary lesion and contralateral RL were included. Outcomes included the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI-10) and GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) scale, lesion persistence/recurrence, mucosal wave, and edge character based on blinded videostroboscopy review.ResultsA nomenclature was developed based on intraoperative RLs (n = 30), defined by lesion consistency (...
Using the Orchestration Group Process of the Gerwe-Orchestration Method in Group Therapy for Addiction and Recovery

Abstract The Gerwe-Orchestration Method (G-OM) group therapy approach blends cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic approaches to target dysfunctional addictive behaviors that originated during pivotal developmental experiences and continued to evolve through repetition and linkage with the addiction. The Orchestration Group Process (OGP) is the cornerstone of G-OM and provides a method to better understand the relationship of current behaviors and previous pivotal life experiences. The OGP approach has been successfully integrated into the addiction group therapy in a variety of settings with or without the full use of the other components of the G-OM method, including intensive outpatient, military, and criminal justice settings. This article describes and illustrates the OGP method and its historical roots.
Single-Molecule Tracking Studies of Millimeter-Scale Cylindrical Domain Alignment in Polystyrene–Poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymer Films Induced by Solvent Vapor Penetration

Single-molecule tracking (SMT) was used to probe the alignment of cylindrical microdomains in polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS-b-PEO) films induced by directional solvent penetration. PS-b-PEO films were supported between two glass plates. Aligned PEO domains were obtained upon horizontal penetration of 1,4-dioxane vapor through the films, while no observable alignment occurred when benzene or toluene was used. Domain alignment was assessed by SMT, using a dye that partitions into PEO. More than 70% of the dye molecules exhibited one-dimensional (1D) diffusion along the dioxane penetration direction. Quantitative assessment of 1D trajectory alignment yielded an order parameter of ca. 0.9. A high degree of domain order was observed across millimeter distances throughout the 4 μm thick films. PEO domain size (ca. 11 nm radius) was determined from the probe positioning error. These results demonstrate the utility of SMT methods for characterization of nanoscale domains in cylinder-formi...
Survey and Analysis of Vaccine Coverage of the National Immunization Programs in Tengchong County

Objective To determine vaccination coverage in the Notional Immunization Program( NIP) of Tengchong County; to identify problems associated with vaccination coverage; and to promote sustainable immunization program planning. Method Using a probabillity proportional to size sampling method,we selected 30 villages,and in each village we interviewed parents of 14 randomly selected children aged 1 to2 years. A total of 420 children were surveyed for NIP vaccination status. Result Parents of all surveyed children had immunization records. Clinic records matched parent's records for 68. 57% of the children.Coverage for BCG,live attenuated oral polio vaccine,diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine( DTP),the first dose of measles-containing vaccine( MCV1),and Hepatitis B vaccine,which,together,are considered the 5-vaccine series,was 98. 57%,with a qualified( on-time) vaccination rate of 82. 38%. Coverage levels with the fourth dose of DTP( DTP4) and the second dose of MCV( MCV2) were 91. 09% and92. 25%,respectively,with qualified vaccination rates of 86. 82% and 89. 92%,respectively. Coverage levels of newly introduced NIP vaccines-group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine( MPV-A),the first dose of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine( JEV-L1),live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine were 92. 38%,97. 38 and 92. 98%,respectively,with qualified vaccination rates of 84. 52%,83. 10%,and 80. 95%. Coverage of the second dose of JEV-L( JEV-L2) was 92. 25%,with a qualified vaccination rate of 79. 53%. The 3 most common reasons for under-vaccination were( 1) missing 1 or more doses in a series.( 2) doses administered too early,and( 3) doses given too late. The most commonly missed vaccinations were JEVL,MPV-A,MCV,and DTP. Conclusion Coverage for routine NIP vaccines was greater than 99%,and coverage for new NIP vaccines was over 90%. However,qualified vaccination rates were relatively low. It is important to maintain and improve vaccination services to improve the timeliness of vaccination.
Heat and Fluid Flow Modeling to Examine 3D-Printability of Alloys

For successful commercial applications of additive manufacturing, metallic parts need to be defect free, structurally sound and reliable. However, additively manufactured metallic parts are susceptible to distortion, lack of fusion defects and compositional changes. Methods to measure susceptibilities of various alloys to these defects are needed but not currently available. Here we show that the necessary theories can be developed based on a well-tested numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model and decades of research in the field of welding. The proposed theories are validated with experimental results reported in the literature.
Scaphoid fractures: concepts of management.

Fracture of the scaphoid is a common and serious carpal injury associated with immediate and potential problems such as fracture non-union, malunion, painful wrist instability, and osteoarthritis. Rational treatment should incorporate understanding of blood supply and fracture healing, appropriate radiographs for evaluation of all fractures, selection of treatment based on stability and healing potential, and prompt correction of even minimal fracture displacement.
Effect of metabolic rate on ventilatory roll-off during hypoxia

This study was done to determine 1) whether goats demonstrate the roll-off phenomenon, i.e., a secondary decrease in minute ventilation (VE), after an initial hyperventilation during various levels of hypoxia and, if so, 2) whether roll-off could be due to changes in metabolic rate. We hypothesized that roll-off occurs in the goat during hypoxia but is not due to hypometabolism. To answer question 1, eight unanesthetized adult goats were exposed to 15–20 min of hypoxia at 0.15, 0.12, and 0.09 inspired O2 fraction (FIO2), resulting in 60, 40, and 30 Torr arterial PO2, respectively. Goats were fitted with a face mask connected to a spirometer to measure VE, and arterial blood gas samples were obtained via carotid arterial catheters. Roll-off was seen with 0.15 and 0.12 FIO2, whereas VE steadily increased with 0.09 FIO2. During hypoxia, arterial PCO2 fell 2, 3, and 7 Torr at 0.15, 0.12, and 0.09 FIO2, respectively. In the second series of experiments, nine different goats were exposed to 30 min of 0.12 FIO2....
MR IMAGING OF THE SHOULDER: Imaging Techniques, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and Normal Variants

MR imaging techniques have been refined for evaluation of the shoulder. Available techniques and optimization of imaging parameters are reviewed. Anatomic variations, diagnostic pitfalls, and discrimination of pathologic entities from normal findings are discussed.
Measuring Impairment with the Barkley Functional Impairment Scales

This chapter describes the theoretical basis and rationale for the development of two rating scales of impairment, known as the Barkley Functional Impairment Rating Scales (BFIS), one of which is for adults and the other (BFIS-CA) is for children and adolescents. It further describes the steps used in the development and validation of these scales, including information on the normative sample and the reliability, internal consistency, and various forms of validity of the scales. Evidence to date shows that the scales can provide highly useful information concerning the functional ineffectiveness of individuals in the 15 domains of major life activities assessed by each scale. The scales can be usefully employed not only in initial evaluations of individuals but also in the assessment of change in their impairment status over time as a consequence of development, injury, or interventions.
Flow cytometric data analysis of circulating progenitor cell stability

A recent publication by Mekonnen et al. demonstrated that among women with non-obstructive coronary artery disease, higher levels of circulating progenitor cells in the blood (CPC), were associated with impaired coronary flow reserve [1]. We performed a quality control assessment of the stability of circulating blood progenitor cells in blood samples stored at 4 °C, to determine the time period during which blood samples can be analyzed and yield consistent data for progenitor cell content. Healthy volunteers (n=6) were recruited and underwent phlebotomy, and blood was stored in EDTA tubes at 4 °C. Flow cytometry was performed to quantitate progenitor cell subsets at 0-4 h, 24 h, and 48 h post phlebotomy. All processed samples were fixed with 1% Paraformaldehyde and 1,000,000 total data events were collected. We found no significant differences in PC data for both CD34+ (P=0.68 for one-way ANOVA) and CD34+/CD133+ (P=0.74 for one-way ANOVA).
Risk sensitivity, phylogenetic reconstruction, and four chimpanzees

Sensitivity to variance, or risk, has been considered elementary to economic decision-making, featured prominently in discussions of primate species-typical behaviors and phylogeny and heralded as a challenge to deterministic foraging theory. Most risk sensitivity studies involve dichotomous choices and small spatial scales, providing only limited bases for predicting how variance information might be used across contexts. We examined foraging risk sensitivity in four chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) which were presented containers associated with particular mean food rewards/variances. Preferences were measured via indoor dichotomous choice tests. Subsequent tasks, designed to assess how well these preferences held up across situations, involved a differing food type, rank-ordering arrays of containers, and/or recovering them in a large outdoor testing area. In addition, some variations involved memory for containers previously observed being hidden. Risk preferences varied by subject, experimental context, reward type, and mean reward quantity. In rank-ordering experiments, under the reward contingencies utilized, mean food quantity was a better predictor of selection order than variance. These results bring into question arguments that species-typical primate risk traits—in the sense of enduring, generalized dispositional features of organisms—have been firmly identified and suggest that many popular experimental strategies are alone inadequate for reconstructing risk-related traits in primate/human evolution. Models from classical foraging theory, which do not address variance, have likely been successful because they include crucial variables with robust predictive value. Determining the importance of variance to naturalistic decision-making, on the other hand, will require further testing in a wide range of experimental and observational contexts. Studies of risk-sensitive foraging traditionally include two options (of differing variances) that involve the same food type, are close to one another, and are visible to the decision maker. We examined risk sensitivity in four chimpanzees and included experiments that involved four choice options, differing food rewards, increased distance between options, and/or choosing between items visually hidden at the time of decision-making. We found that chimpanzees exhibited sensitivity to variance and could utilize mean quantity and variance associations—even in some cases when the items were not visible. However, differences within or between individual apes in the strength or direction of risk preferences occurred when experimental context (e.g., reward type, visible/hidden) was varied. These results suggest that identifications of primate species-specific risk preferences are premature and that studies of risk should be conducted in a wider range of contexts.
The Role of Hope in Cognitive-Behavior Therapies

A cognitive, two-component model of hope proposed by Snyder and colleagues is reviewed. Hope is defined as the perceived capability to (1) derive pathways to desired goals and (2) motivate oneself via agentic thinking to initiate and sustain movement along those pathways. The roles of these pathways and agency components of hope theory are described along with similarities and differences relative to other motivational and emotional theories, including optimism, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and problem solving. The goal focus, agentic thought, and pathways thought of hope theory are used as a framework for understanding the adaptive processes in the various phases of cognitive-behavior therapies, including relapse prevention. It is concluded that hope theory offers a valuable overarching framework for understanding common factors in behavior therapies.
Mechanisms of TRPV1 Ion Channel Gating

TRPV1 ion channels are multimodal integrators of diverse stimuli, including small molecule agonists and inhibitors, phospholipids, lysolipids and fatty acids, and increased temperature. They are also subject to cellular regulation via second messengers such as Ca2+ and by phosphorylation. We have studied the molecular mechanism underlying TRPV1 regulation to better understand its function in the complex environment of a cell membrane.
Allies with Benefits: US Effect on European Demand for Military Expenditures

This paper examines the security relationship between the US and Europe, focusing on potential spillin effects of US military expenditures on European demand for military expenditures during the ea...
Predicting the potentials, solubilities and stabilities of metal-acetylacetonates for non-aqueous redox flow batteries using density functional theory calculations

New active materials are needed to improve the performance and reduce the cost of non-aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) for grid-scale energy storage applications. Efforts to develop better performing materials, which have largely been empirical, would benefit from a better understanding of relationships between structural, electronic and RFB-relevant functional properties. This paper focuses on metal-acetylacetonates, a class of metal coordination complexes that has shown promise for use in RFBs, and describes correlations between their experimentally measured standard potentials, solubilities, and stabilities (cycle lifes), and selected chemical, structural and electronic properties determined from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The training set consisted of 16 complexes including 5 different metals and 11 different substituents on the acetylacetonate ligand. Standard potentials for those compounds were calculated and are in good agreement with experimentally measured results. A predictive equation based on the solvation energies and dipole moments, two easily computed properties, reasonably modeled the experimentally determined solubilities. Importantly, we were able to identify a descriptor for the stability of acetylacetonates. The experimentally determined stability, quantified as the cycle life to a given degree of degradation, correlated with the percentage of the highest occupied (HOMO) or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) on the metal of the complex. This percentage is influenced by the degree of ligand innocence (irreducibility), and complexes with the most innocent ligands yielded the most stable redox reactions. To this end, VO(acetylacetonate)2 and Fe(acetylacetonate)3, with nearly 80% of the HOMO and LUMO on the metal, possessed the most stable oxidation and reduction half-reactions, respectively. The structure–function relationships and correlations presented in this paper could be used to predict new, highly soluble and stable complexes for RFB applications.
VARM: Using Virtual Reality to Program Robotic Manipulators

This paper describes a novel teleoperation interface system to program industrial robotic arms. The system demonstrates the potential to create a programmable interface that enables users with no prior knowledge of robotics to safely program mechanical manipulators with the use of Virtual Reality and the Leap Motion Controller. The system takes full advantage of the Leap Motion to navigate the virtual workspace of the robot that was created through the kinematic properties of the real robot. The implementation of the application was deemed possible by interfacing the Unity Engine with the Barrett WAM robotic arm. Preliminary experimental results show the ability of the system to engage and train appropriately the user in robot programming.
Crossing the Threshold From Porn Use to Porn Problem: Frequency and Modality of Porn Use as Predictors of Sexually Coercive Behaviors:

According to recent statistics, as many as one in five female college students are victims of sexual assault during their college career. To combat what has been called the "Campus Rape Crisis," researchers have attempted to understand what variables are associated with sexually coercive behaviors in college males. Although investigators have found support for the relationship between pornography consumption and sexually coercive behavior, researchers typically operationalize pornography use in terms of frequency of use. Furthermore, frequency of use has been assessed vaguely and inconsistently. The current study offered a more concrete assessment of frequency of use and an additional variable not yet included for pornography use: number of modalities. Beyond examining the relationship between pornography use and sexual coercion likelihood, the current study was the first to use pornography variables in a threshold analysis to test whether there is a cut point that is predictive of sexual coercion likelihood. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 463 college males. Results indicated that both pornography use variables were significantly related to a higher likelihood of sexually coercive behaviors. When both frequency of use and number of modalities were included in the model, modalities were significant and frequency was not. In addition, significant thresholds for both pornography variables that predicted sexual coercion likelihood were identified. These results imply that factors other than frequency of use, such as number of modalities, may be more important for the prediction of sexual coercive behaviors. Furthermore, threshold analyses revealed the most significant increase in risk occurred between one modality and two, indicating that it is not pornography use in general that is related to sexual coercion likelihood, but rather, specific aspects of pornography use.
Clinical epidemiology of suicide

The epidemiologic identification of risk factors for suicide attempts and suicide deaths is important to clinical decision making and preventive public health efforts. The risk factors for suicide attempts include female sex, a recent stressful life event, methods of low lethality, impulsivity, and previous attempts. Risk factors for suicide deaths include a family history of suicide, male sex, and a psychiatric disorder. Suicide deaths in the "youth" birth cohort increased nearly 150% between 1960 and 1980. The term "youth" refers to those in the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood--roughly, between the ages of 18 and 30 years. An increase in substance abuse and in depressive disorders in this group paralleled the increase in suicide incidence. A novel, but frightening, tendency also noted in this group was social contagion--evidenced by clusters of suicides "mimicking" the suicide method and creating mini-epidemics. Language: en
Modeling of Diffusivity for 2D Vacancy Nanopits and Comparison with 2D Adatom Nanoislands on Metal(100) Surfaces Including Analysis for Ag(100)

Diffusion coefficients, DN, for 2D vacancy nanopits are compared with those for 2D homoepitaxial adatom nanoislands on metal(100) surfaces, focusing on the variation of DN with size, N. Here, N is measured in missing atoms for pits and adatoms for islands. Analysis of DN is based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a tailored stochastic lattice-gas model, where pit and island diffusion are mediated by periphery diffusion, i.e., by edge atom hopping. Precise determination of DN versus N for typical parameters reveals a cyclical variation with an overall decrease in magnitude for increasing moderate O(102) ≤ N ≤ O(103). Monotonic decay, DN ∼ N-β, is found for N ≥ O(102) with effective exponents, β = βeff, for both pits and islands, both well below the macroscopic value of βmacro = 3/2. DN values for vacancy pits are significantly lower (higher) than for adatom islands for moderate N in the case of low (high) kink rounding barrier. However, DN values for pits and islands slowly merge, and βeff → 3/2 for su...
Introduction: The Project of the Philosophical Archeology of the History and Systems of Psychology

This introductory chapter discusses the basic principles needed to understand the point of view this book takes regarding the history and systems of Western Psychology. On the one hand, the principles constitute essential distinctions operable in regard to the study of history and historiography. On the other hand, among the distinctions discussed regarding the “systems” of Western psychology, this chapter explains what is meant by “incommensurability.” The principle of incommensurability is essential for thinking through the systems of Western psychology. Finally, this chapter explains how the terms “principles” and “distinctions” are used in this book.
Lifestyle Modification for the Treatment of Obesity

Despite the success of bariatric surgery in producing massive weight loss, as well as improvement in morbidity and mortality, less than 1 % of those who meet the National Institutes of Health’s criteria for bariatric surgery present for surgery each year. The remaining individuals likely could experience improvements in their health with even modest weight loss. Many of these individuals likely make efforts to lose weight, either as a result of self-motivation or physician recommendation. The most commonly practiced treatment is lifestyle modification, undertaken in a self-directed fashion, through a self-help book or program, or commercial weight-loss program. The obesity treatment literature has consistently found that individuals who engage in lifestyle modification interventions can lose approximately 7–10 % of their initial body weight and experience clinically significant improvements in weight-related health problems.
The Roelofs and induced Roelofs effects

The visual image provides important cues for an observer's sense of location and orientation within the world. Occasionally, though, these cues can be misleading, resulting in illusions. In the Roelofs and induced Roelofs effects, for example, a large illuminated frame, offset from the observer's midline in otherwise complete darkness, tends to bias the observer's judgment of straight ahead, causing the position of the frame, and anything contained within it, to be misperceived. Studies of these illusions have provided much insight into the processes that establish an observer's egocentric reference frame, and the manner in which object locations are encoded relative to this frame for perception and action.
Engineering Reactive Oxygen Species-Resistant Galectin-1 Dimers with Enhanced Lectin Activity

Galectin-1 is an immunomodulatory carbohydrate-binding protein with demonstrated efficacy in various preclinical models. However, its potential for clinical use is challenged by two features of the protein. First, galectin-1 (Gal-1) can be inactivated in oxidative environments, such as sites of inflammation, via covalent cross-linking of surface-exposed cysteine residues. Second, the active conformation of galectin-1 is a noncovalent homodimer with a micromolar dissociation constant. Together, these features necessitate frequent administration of high doses of galectin-1 for therapeutic efficacy. To address this challenge, we report an engineered dimeric variant of Gal-1 that is resistant to oxidative inactivation. Specifically, to prevent oxidative inactivation we mutated 3 of 4 surface cysteine residues to serine residues on Gal-1 ("Tri Gal-1"), and then cross-linked two Tri Gal-1 molecules with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to create a stable homodimer ("Tri-PEG-Tri"). Our data demonstrate that cysteine-to-serine galectin-1 mutants retain the carbohydrate-binding properties and pro-apoptotic activity of wild-type Gal-1. Mutants lacking all surface cysteine residues are completely resistant to covalent cross-linking in oxidative environments. At sufficient polymer:protein ratios, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate reacts with the surface cysteine on two Tri Gal-1 molecules to form Tri-PEG-Tri. The effective dose of Tri-PEG-Tri is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of non-PEGylated Gal-1. Together, these data demonstrate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-resistant Tri-PEG-Tri dimers with enhanced lectin activity that may be broadly useful for improving the therapeutic efficacy of Gal-1 in immune modulation, transplant tolerance, and treatment of chronic inflammation.
SOLVING ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS: 1930–1980

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the solution of elliptic problems. Multivariate Hermite and spline functions constitute very good finite elements on rectangular meshes. Univariate splines have long been used by naval architects and they are just point-loaded thin beams. It is found that although piecewise smooth approximations by finite elements provide the most versatile variational methods for solving elliptic problems, classical global approximations and related integral equation methods are effective for some problems. It is observed that before 1960, the theory of multivariate interpolation and approximation was largely confined to extensions of the Weierstrass approximation theorem and a handful of formulas for numerical cubature.
Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome

Non-thyroidal illness is the term used to describe the changes in thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with acute illness not caused by an intrinsic abnormality of thyroid function. In children, non-thyroidal illness is most commonly seen in acutely ill patients admitted to pediatric or neonatal intensive care units (ICUs). The characteristic decrease in thyroid hormone levels also can be seen with starvation, trauma, or surgical procedures. Non-thyroidal illness probably occurs with any severe illness, and the pattern of changes in thyroid hormones correlates with the severity of illness. Typically, the first changes are a decrease in serum triiodothyronine (T3) and a rise in reverse T3 (rT3) levels. This disorder has been referred to as the low-T3 syndrome or the euthyroid sick syndrome. However, as there is disagreement about whether patients truly are “euthyroid,” non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is the term preferred at present.
Elements of Nonlinear System Identification of Broad Applicability

Linear modal analysis in the time and frequency domains is well established. Yet, as mechanical systems become increasingly more complex, incorporating electromechanical components or biological and biomimetic elements, the likelihood exists that their dynamics will be strongly nonlinear and nonstationary. Examples of sources of strong nonlinearity, some of which are realized even for small amplitudes of vibration) include local buckling, plastic deformations, clearance and backlash, hysteresis, friction-induced oscillations, and vibro-impact motions. Such effects cannot be accurately addressed by linear modal analysis, since standard techniques, such as the classical FT, and well-established concepts such as normal mode, natural frequency, and modal space cannot be applied to the identification of nonlinear and nonstationary dynamic regimes.
Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest

The contemporary allure of hypothermia is regularly sparked by the apparent “reanimations” of profoundly cold patients in prolonged cardiac arrest (CA). Recently, a physician who was resuscitated from 13.7°C presented her own case report at an international conference (1). There are also promising ongoing investigations of mild therapeutic hypothermia for traumatic intracranial hypertension and stroke (2, 3, 4). Nevertheless, hypothermia remains more of a geographically and seasonally pervasive physiological threat than a therapy (5, 6, 7, 8).
Treatment of Acromegaly with SMS 201–995 (Sandostatin ® ): Clinical, Biochemical and Morphologic Study

Current therapy of acromegaly is unsatisfactory, and in a significant proportion of acromegalic patients the disease remains clinically active after all approved therapeutic modalities (surgery, irradiation and bromocriptine) have been exhausted.
Feasibility of a3He magnetometer for neutron electric dipole moment experiments

The principal sources of error in neutron electric dipole moment experiments are variations of the magnetic field in the resonance region, especially when the variations are associated with reversals of the electric field. The feasibility of using3He as a magnetometer for such experiments is discussed. It is shown that with a low pressure of3He in the storage bottle used for the neutron resonance, the nuclear magnetic resonance of3He can be measured at the same time and in the same region of space as the neutron resonance, thus providing a reliable correction for magnetic field fluctuations. The various requirements for such a procedure to be feasible are analyzed and it is shown that all of them can be satisfied.
Visualizing Stochastic Actor-based Model Microsteps:

This visualization provides a dynamic representation of the microsteps involved in modeling network and behavior change with a stochastic actor-based model. This video illustrates how (1) observed ...
Platinum-catalyzed diboration using a commercially available catalyst: diboration of aldimines to alpha-aminoboronate esters

Commercially available Pt(cod)Cl2 catalyzes the diboration of alkenes, alkynes, and aldimines using bis(catecholato)diboron (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene). Catalyzed aldimine diboration provides the first direct route to α-aminoboronate esters. The diboration product from N-benzylidene-2,6-dimethylaniline is structurally characterized.
Corrugated Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors and Transistors

Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) use total internal reflection to couple normal incident light into the detectors. In this work, we show that the corrugated light-coupling scheme is independent of both the detection wavelength and the pixel size. Compared with 45° edge coupling, a C-QWIP increases the background photocurrent to dark current ratio r i by a factor between 2.4 and 4.4, thereby increasing the background-limited temperature by 3 to 5 K. The detectivity D* is increased by a factor of 2.4. We applied the C-QWIP to two-color detection and obtained precision thermometric measurements. We have also fabricated and characterized a 256.256 C-QWGP array and obtained a NEΔT of 17 mK at 63 K for 11.2 μm cutoff, if the readout noise is excluded. Furthermore, we have shown that r i can be further increased by fabrication of the C-QWIP into the corrugated hot-electron transistor structure. The enhanced performance of the corrugated structure, combined with its simple processing steps, greatly improves the QWIP technology.
Power Management for the Internet of Things

loT devices tend to require multiple power rails, regulated over variable supplies over large dynamic power ranges, all from Li-ion batteries, possibly with energy harvesting capabilities, in small form factors with high efficiency.
Intranasal nanoemulsion vaccine confers long-lasting immunomodulation and sustained unresponsiveness in a murine model of milk allergy.

Background Immunotherapy for food allergy requires prolonged treatment protocols and, in most cases, does not lead to durable modulation of the allergic immune response. We have demonstrated an intranasal (IN) nanoemulsion adjuvant that redirects allergen-specific Th2 responses toward Th1 and Th17 immunity, and protects from allergen challenge after only 2-4 monthly administrations. Here, we investigate the ability of this technology to provide long-term modulation of allergy in a murine model of cow's milk allergy. Methods Six weeks after sensitization to bovine casein, mice received four, monthly IN immunizations with nanoemulsion formulated with casein. Protection from casein challenge was assessed at 4 and 16 weeks after the final vaccine administration. Results The NE vaccine significantly blunted the physiological responses to allergen challenge, and this effect persisted for at least 16 weeks. The protection from challenge was associated with the suppression of casein-specific Th2 immunity and induced Th1 and Th17 cytokines as well as induction of IL-10. Of interest, while immunized animals showed significantly decreased Th2 cytokine responses, cow's milk-specific IgE remained elevated in the serum at levels associated with reactivity in control sensitized animals. Protection was associated with suppressed mast cell activation and markedly reduced mast cell infiltration into the small intestine. Conclusion The sustained unresponsiveness of at least 16 weeks after vaccination suggests that the nanoemulsion vaccine alters the allergic phenotype in a persistent manner different from traditional desensitization, and this leads to long-term suppressive effects on allergic disease without eliminating serum IgE.
Diversity as a Necessity for Sustainability in Cultural Systems: Collective Problem-Solving in Cultural Algorithms

Cultural Algorithms have led to the development of many ways to distribute information within social networks. These mechanisms act by helping the system make decisions about how information is distributed through a population network, and thus are called distribution or decision mechanisms. Many distribution mechanisms have been developed using techniques from auction theory, game theory and various forms of voting construct. In this paper a new extension of a system called Subcultures is described. Previous forms of the Subcultures system involved allowing Knowledge Sources within the Belief Space to choose what network was used for their distribution in the Population Space based on the complexity of the problem at hand. Here the Subcultures system is extended to allow the selection of distribution mechanisms along with the network. The new Subcultured distribution mechanism is compared with the results of each individual distribution mechanism without a subculture, when applied to a series of dynamic complex optimization problems of varying complexities. The results suggest that relatively simple mechanism such as Weighted Majority Vote and First Price Auction are sufficient for environments that exhibit low entropic levels of change such as in linear environments. For non-linearly changing environments, English Auctions and Sub-Cultures are most of effective. For the most chaotic environments, the sub-cultured approach was the most effective of the two. What these results suggest that while voting approaches work well in predictably changing environments, cultural diversity is a necessity for sustainability in an environment that is changing nonlinearly. This information can be used by a human technician in the adjustment of the Cultural Algorithms during its operation over an extended period of time as the complexity of the environment changes.
Wavelength-division-multiplexing-based electronic-photonic network for high-speed computing (Conference Presentation)

This Conference Presentation, "Wavelength-division-multiplexing-based electronic-photonic network for high-speed computing" was recorded at Photonics West 2020 held in San Francisco, California, United States.
Amyloidosis Masquerading as Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis

Amyloidosis can affect multiple organs, and involvement of the heart is the most common cause of death. Signs and symptoms vary depending upon the organ system affected by amyloid. Liver involvement is often seen, but symptoms are usually mild and nonspecific in isolated hepatic amyloidosis. None of the laboratory markers and imaging is characteristic of this condition; therefore, diagnosis is often delayed. Tissue biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis. Herein, we report a case where the patient's symptoms had been attributed to alcohol-related cirrhosis; however, further workup ultimately led to a diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis with multi-organ involvement.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury and its relationship with early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant patients.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is believed to contribute to graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT). However, studies on IRI and the impact of early allograft dysfunction (EAD) in IRI grafts are limited. Histological IRI was graded in 506 grafts from patients who had undergone LT and classified based on IRI severity (no, minimal, mild, moderate, and severe). Of the 506 grafts, 87.4% had IRI (no: 12.6%, minimal: 38.1%, mild: 35.4%, moderate: 13.0%, and severe: 0.8%). IRI severity correlated with the incidence of EAD and graft survival at 6 months. Longer cold/warm ischemia time, recipient/donor hypertension, and having a male donor were identified as independent risk factors for moderate to severe IRI. Among 70 grafts with moderate to severe IRI, 42.9% of grafts developed EAD, and grafts with EAD had significantly inferior survival compared to grafts without EAD. Longer cold ischemia time and large droplet macrovesicular steatosis (≥20%) were identified as independent risk factors for EAD. Our study demonstrated that increased IRI severity was correlated with inferior short-term graft outcomes. Careful consideration of IRI risk factors during donor-recipient matching may assist in optimizing graft utilization and LT outcomes. Furthermore, identification of risk factors of IRI-associated EAD may guide patient management and possible timely graft replacement.
Lateral Variant of Davidoff and Schechter Dural Arteriovenous Fistula.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas represent a distinct direct pathological connection between dural arterial feeders of the meninges to cortical veins or sinuses. Vascular supply of the meninges is provided by a series of named arteries—anterior, middle, and posterior meningeal arteries, with the tentorium provided by the artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari (anterior-medial) and the artery of Davidoff and Schechter (posterior-medial). This case is the first report in the literature of a lateral distal posterior cerebral artery supplying the meninges and contributing dural feeders to a Cognard type III/Borden type III dural arteriovenous fistula.
Live Imaging Reveals the Cellular Events Downstream of SARM1 Activation

SARM1 is an inducible NAD+ hydrolase that triggers axon loss and neuronal cell death in the injured and diseased nervous system. While SARM1 activation and enzyme function are well defined, the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activity but prior to axonal demise are much less well understood. Defects in calcium, mitochondria, ATP, and membrane homeostasis occur in injured axons, but the relationships among these events have been difficult to disentangle because prior studies analyzed large collections of axons in which cellular events occur asynchronously. Here, we used live imaging of mouse sensory neurons with single axon resolution to investigate the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activity. Our studies support a model in which SARM1 NADase activity leads to an ordered sequence of events from loss of cellular ATP, to defects in mitochondrial movement and depolarization, followed by calcium influx, externalization of phosphatidylserine, and loss of membrane permeability prior to catastrophic axonal self-destruction.
A statistical analysis of satirical Amazon.com product reviews

A corpus of 750 product reviews extracted from Amazon.com was analyzed for specific lexical, grammatical, and semantic features to identify differences between satirical and non-satirical Amazon.com product reviews through a statistical analysis. The corpus contained 375 reviews identified as satirical and 375 as non-satirical (750 total). Fourteen different linguistic indices were used to measure features related to lexical sophistication, grammatical functions, and the semantic properties of words. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found a significant difference between review types. The MANOVA was followed by a discriminant function analysis (DFA), which used seven variables to correctly classify 71.7 per cent of the reviews as satirical or non-satirical. Those seven variables suggest that, linguistically, satirical texts are more specific, less lexically sophisticated, and contain more words associated with negative emotions and certainty than non-satirical texts. These results demonstrate that satire shares some, but not all, of the previously identified semantic features of sarcasm (Campbell & Katz 2012), supporting Simpson’s (2003) claim that satire should be considered separately from other forms of irony. Ultimately, this study puts forth an argument that a statistical analysis of lexical, semantic, and grammatical properties of satirical texts can shed some descriptive light on this relatively understudied linguistic phenomenon, while also providing suggestions for future analysis.
Further studies on chloroplast adenosine triphosphatase activation by acid-base transition.

Abstract Data are presented on some further characteristics of the chloroplast ATP hydrolysis induced by a combination of sulfhydryl compounds and a transition from acid to base. These studies include questions of substrate specificity and stoichiometry of the hydrolysis, Mg++ and dithiothreitol concentration requirements, the effect of uncouplers, and the need for a distinct pH difference between the two stages. The evidence is consistent with a close similarity between the acid-base-induced ATPase and the light-requiring counterpart, and in turn suggests that a proton gradient formed in the light may be the basis for the light-induced ATPase activation. It was found that the acid to base transition induced a 32Pi-ATP exchange reaction as well as ATP hydrolysis. This exchange is not activated by sulfhydryl compounds, and its rate is only a small fraction of that of ATP hydrolysis. The significance of this finding for a postulated sequence for ATP hydrolysis is discussed.