cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 241: Vimentin offers a potential target for the prevention of ovarian tumor progression and recurrence

Background: Aggressive rates of progression and frequent recurrence are the main causes of high rates of death due to ovarian cancer (OVCA). Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, expressed by ovarian mesenchymal cells may be involved in OVCA metastasis and recurrence. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, ASH, a natural product) has shown to improve tumor-associated stress against several malignancies. Objectives: The goals of this study were to examine whether (1) OVCA progression is associated with vimentin expression; and whether (2) OVCA progression and vimentin expression can be prevented by dietary supplementation of Ashwagandha (ASH) in laying hen model of spontaneous OVCA. Methods: Exploratory study: Clinical specimen from normal ovaries (n=10), benign tumors (n=5) and malignant ovarian epithelial cancers at early (n=7) and late stages (n=16) were collected from patients and examined for vimentin expression. Prospective study: 4-year old laying hens with normal ovaries or ovaries with early stage OVCA were supplemented with 2% dietary ASH root powder or basal diet (24 hens in each group containing 18 healthy, 6 with early stage OVCA). Hens were provided with feed and water ad libitum for 120 days and euthanized thereafter. Tumor stages were recorded; serum, normal or cancer ovaries were collected. Expression of vimentin both in clinical and preclinical treated or untreated specimens was examined. Statistical differences in the intensity of vimentin expression among different pathological and ASH supplemented groups were determined using ANOVA and t-tests. Results: Vimentin was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of normal ovarian, benign and malignant cells. Compared with normal and benign tumors, the intensity of vimentin expression was significantly (P Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that vimentin expression increased during tumor metastasis. ASH treatment reduced OVCA metastasis by inhibiting vimentin expression. Therefore, vimentin may represent a potential target for ASH to prevent OVCA progression and metastasis. Support: Support: R21CA187309-02. Citation Format: Aparna Yellapa, Janice M. Bahr, Sameer Sharma, Pincas Bitterman, Sanjib Basu, Animesh Barua. Vimentin offers a potential target for the prevention of ovarian tumor progression and recurrence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-241
The role of anxiety sensitivity in reactivity to trauma cues in treatment-seeking adults with substance use disorders.

Background Exposure to traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Although the presence of trauma exposure and/or PTSD among those with SUDs is associated with a range of negative outcomes, much remains to be understood about the factors contributing to these outcomes. Anxiety sensitivity (the tendency to respond fearfully to the signs and symptoms of anxiety) has been linked to greater PTSD symptoms and the use of substances to cope with PTSD symptoms, and is a promising factor for understanding the negative outcomes associated with co-occurring PTSD and SUDs.
Estrogen Acting on Hypothalamic Neurons May Have Trophic Effect on Those Neurons and the Cells on Which They Synapse

Work on the effects of steroid hormones in classical peripheral target organs - estrogen in the uterus, progesterone in the chick oviduct, glucocorticoids in the liver and on mouse mammary tumor virus - has offered the neurobiologist analogies and hypotheses to test when investigating synthetic events related to the more complicated subject of hormone effects on nerve cells. In particular, many sex hormone actions in the reproductive tract involve growth: estrogens, androgens and progestins can have trophic consequences for the cells on which they act.
Genetically Incorporating Two Distinct Post-translational Modifications into One Protein Simultaneously.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in regulating a variety of biological processes. To facilitate PTM studies, the genetic code expansion strategy has been utilized to cotranslationally incorporate individual PTMs such as acetylation and phosphorylation into proteins at specific sites. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTMs actually work together to regulate protein functions and structures. Thus, simultaneous incorporation of multiple distinct PTMs into one protein is highly desirable. In this study, we utilized the genetic incorporation systems of phosphoserine and acetyllysine to install both phosphorylation and acetylation into target proteins simultaneously in Escherichia coli. And we used this system to study the effect of coexisting acetylation and phosphorylation on malate dehydrogenase, demonstrating a practical application of this system in biochemical studies. Furthermore, we tested the mutual orthogonality of three widely used genetic incorporation system...
Electron Emission from CVD-Diamond Cold Cathodes

Electron beams are fundamental to many electronic applications, ranging from cathode ray tube (CRT) displays to microwave or power amplifiers. While hot cathodes are suitable for many applications, the development of cold cathodes could lead to improved performance in many existing applications and, more importantly, to new technologies including vacuum micro-electronics, flat-panel display technologies, and new types of microwave amplifiers. A new approach being considered for these applications is to employ semiconducting materials in which electrons in the conduction band can be emitted directly into vacuum without overcoming an energy barrier. This property of the semiconductor has been termed as negative electron affinity (NEA).
Socialization in Childhood and Adolescence

This chapter examines the development and operation of socialization in the lives of children and adolescents, with a focus on the mechanisms and consequences of socialization. Consideration is given to theoretical perspectives on (a) how children and adolescents learn social roles, (b) the role of agency in social development, (c) the social contexts in which socialization occurs, (d) socialization over the life course, and (e) how socio-historical change influences the socialization process. Methods of research inquiry relevant to studies of young people are reviewed, including experimental design, survey methods, observational and ethnographic research, interviewing, and mixed methods research. Importantly, the social contexts of socialization are examined including families; peer and social networks; schools and work; communities and neighborhoods; and social and cultural forces. Particular attention is paid to the influence of socialization on later experiences, including identity, behavioral, and educational outcomes. Emerging and suggested directions for future research are discussed.
Wireless transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: an open-label feasibility study.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs in approximately 68% of patients who receive neurotoxic chemotherapy and lasts at least 6 months post-chemotherapy in approximately 30% of individuals. CIPN is associated with decreased quality of life and functional impairments. Evidence suggests that CIPN symptoms are caused, in part, by enhanced excitability and impaired inhibition in the central nervous system. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) decreases pain by counteracting both of these mechanisms and is efficacious in other conditions associated with neuropathic pain. This single-arm study (n = 29) assessed the feasibility of investigating TENS for CIPN after chemotherapy completion using a wireless, home-based TENS device. Eighty-one percent of eligible patients who were approached enrolled, and 85% of participants who received the TENS device completed the primary (6-week) study term. Qualitative interview data suggest that use of the device on the continuous setting that automatically alternates between 1-h stimulation and rest periods for 5 h/day would be acceptable to most participants. Significant (i.e., p < 0.05) improvements were observed with the EORTC-CIPN20 (percent change from baseline: 13%), SF-MPQ-2 (52%), numeric rating scale of pain (38%), tingling (30%), numbness (20%), and cramping (53%), and UENS large fiber sensation subscore (48%). Preliminary data that support the reliability and construct validity of the UENS for CIPN in cancer survivors are also provided. Together these data suggest that it is feasible to evaluate TENS for CIPN using a wireless, home-based device and that further evaluation of TENS for CIPN in a randomized clinical trial is warranted.
Retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy of ipilimumab in elderly patients with advanced melanoma.

9540Background: Elderly patients (pts) with advanced melanoma have been under-represented in clinical trials evaluating ipilimumab (IPI) safety and efficacy. Two European Expanded Access Programs h...
Long Term Outcomes of High Dose Therapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma-Associated Systemic Amyloidosis

Background Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is associated with production of monoclonal paraproteins. Rarely, these paraproteins misfold, aggregate and form amyloid fibrils which deposit in organs and disrupt their structure and function. Several reports have described this association; however, transplant outcomes in patients with LPL and co-existing systemic amyloidosis are not well described. Methods We identified fifty patients with co-existing LPL and systemic amyloidosis diagnosed between 1997 and 2018 who were treated at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Of these, eight patients underwent high dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) and are subjects of the current study. Results Among the eight patients, the median age was 60 years (range 55-70 years) with 37.5% females. Lymph nodes were the most commonly involved organ (N=6), followed by the heart (N=5), Kidneys (N=4), lungs (N=4) and peripheral nervous system (N=4). Median number of organs involved per patient was 4 (range 1-6). The monoclonal protein was IgM (N=5), IgG (N=2) and free lambda light chain (N=1); lambda light chain was involved in seven of eight patients. Median M spike was 0.43 gm/dL (range 0.2-1.3 gm/dL) and dFLC was 7.93 mg/dL (range 1.89-22.87 mg/dL). All patients had less than 10% plasma cell involvement of bone marrow. Induction regimens varied. Five patients received HDT/AHCT as part of initial therapy and three patients were transplanted at relapse (range 3-6 lines of prior therapy). CD34+ cells were mobilized using GCSF with Plerixafor (N=5), Rituximab, cyclophosphamide and GCSF (N=2) and cyclophosphamide alone (N=1). Median CD34+ cell yield was 8.74 × 106 cells/kg (range 4.5-12.2 × 106 cells/kg). High dose therapy was BCNU, etoposide, Ara-C and melphalan (BEAM) (N=2) and melphalan alone (N=6). Among patients conditioned with melphalan, 3 each received 140 mg/m2 and 200 mg/m2 based on risk adapted dosing. Median number of CD34+ cells infused was 5.325 × 106 cells/kg (range 3.2-5.9 × 106 cells/kg). Hematologic response following HDT/AHCT was very good partial response (VGPR) or better in five of the six patients with long term follow up. At median follow up of 64.5 months (range 3-116 months), all patients were alive at last contact. Only one patient relapsed more than 4 years post-transplant and has responded to salvage Daratumumab. Conclusion Amyloidosis can complicate lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Lymph node and lung involvement are common and may serve as distinguishing features. With over 5 years of follow up, all patients are alive with only a single patient who progressed. While numbers are small and patients were selected, these data indicate excellent long-term outcomes in patients with LPL-associated amyloidosis treated with risk adapted melphalan and suggest BEAM conditioning may not be essential.
Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) types of the Fernando de Zayas collection, Havana, Cuba

Habitus photographs of the cerambycid types (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Fernando de Zayas Collection, Havana, Cuba, are presented. Color photographs are available on the Internet. Lectotypes are herein designated for two taxa, Plectromerus pinicola Zayas and Phidola superba Zayas (= Eupogonius superbus (Zayas)).
Optimization of Merging Pedestrian Flows Based on Adaptive Dynamic Programming

Pedestrian flows in densely-populated areas may cause crowd accidents, and effective pedestrian flow regulation is highly desirable for flow optimization. In this paper, we investigate the problem of regulating two merging pedestrian flows by introducing a mobile robot moving within the flow. The pedestrian flows are regulated through dynamic human-robot interaction during their collective motion. We propose a method based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) to learn the optimal motion control of the robot in real time and the pedestrian outflow through the bottleneck area is maximized. Extensive simulations are performed using social force models of pedestrian motion. Simulation results show that the pedestrian outflow is significantly improved with our proposed ADP control.
Syndicate recruitment, perceptions, and problem solving in Namibian rhinoceros protection

Abstract In the last decade, poaching of high-profile wildlife species has increased across Africa, particularly threatening the viability of rhinoceros populations. Protection efforts and anti-poaching measures have increased across the continent, but a lack of research on the motivations driving the recruitment of local people by poaching syndicates may limit successful law enforcement. We explore the societal drivers and personal motivations behind individuals' involvement in poaching syndicates in Namibia and how this process is perceived at different levels of decision-making. There was a general consensus across all informant populations that wildlife crime syndicates are divided into five tiers of engagement. Poachers, the lowest tier, are typically recruited by a second tier of local business people via a cycle of dependency and debt. Further, although anti-poaching efforts are generally aimed at apprehending individuals at the lowest tier, the dependency mechanism used by local recruiters supplies syndicates with a consistent source of recruits. We also identified a misalignment of perceptions between local people and socially distant conservation practitioners regarding the personal motivations and societal drivers of commercial poaching. We urge conservation practitioners to invest in developing a more contextual understanding of local perceptions and perspectives prior to establishing rhinoceros protection measures. Such contextual information is critical to ensuring that limited conservation resources are used effectively to achieve the greatest positive impact for both people and rhinoceros.
Couple Conflict and Music Utilisation

It is believed that conflict exists on a spectrum, which holds interest for many relationship researchers. However, it is not well understood how music is utilised within couples when they engage in conflict, considering music has been known to assist in reducing physiological, emotional, and social regulation. The proposed study explored how music was utilised in times of conflict for couples through a grounded theory approach. The main themes that emerged were: variability of choice, knowledge of partner's habits, communication, similarity of style, relational distance, repair attempt, music utilisation as relational engagement, emotional regulation, and hopeful togetherness. These themes are presented in a theoretical model of how couples utilise music to regulate social, emotional, and biological domains of their relationship.
Exparel for Postoperative Pain Management: a Comprehensive Review

Multimodal pain management is the most effective way to treat postsurgical pain. However, the use of opioids for acute pain management has unfortunately been a significant contributor to the current opioid epidemic. The use of opioids should be limited and only considered a “rescue” pain medication after other modalities of pain management have been utilized. It may be difficult to curtail the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain; however, in the postsurgical setting, there is compelling evidence that an opioid-centric analgesic approach is not necessary for good patient outcomes and healthcare cost benefits. Opioid-related adverse effects are the leading cause of preventable harm in the hospital setting. After the realization in recent years of the many harmful effects of opioids, alternative regimens including the use of multimodal analgesia have become a standard practice in acute pain management. Exparel, a long-lasting liposomal bupivacaine local anesthetic agent, has many significant benefits in the management of postoperative pain. Overall, the literature suggests that Exparel may be a significant component for postoperative multimodal pain control owing to its efficacy and long duration of action.
Seroprevalence of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at a Community Hospital Emergency Department and Outpatient Laboratory in Northern Orange County, California.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 20 million people worldwide, and the spread is most prevalent in the USA, where California had accounted over 240,000 cases in the initial 5 months of the pandemic. To estimate the number of infected persons in our community, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This cross-sectional study evaluated the presence of immunoglobulin G, antibody for SARS-CoV-2 during the time period of July 15, 2020, to July 27, 2020. Testing was done on serum samples from patients who had visited affiliated outpatient clinics or our emergency department. Additionally, we collected age, gender, ethnicity, race, and location of testing. Eight hundred sixty-five tests were included in the study. The outpatient clinics cohort accounted for 56% of results and emergency department (ED) contributed 44%. The positive percentage of SARS-CoV-2 test was 9.4% (95% CI: 0.08–0.12). The positivity rates of the outpatient (5.6%) and ED (14.2%) setting differed. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was greatest in those that identified as Hispanic/Latino, 18.1% versus 13.4% in other groups. Specifically compared to the non-Hispanic/Latino population, the prevalence was significantly higher, with a relative risk of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.8–4.1), p < 0.0001. The low antibody positivity rate in the community indicates the need for a vaccine. The Hispanic/Latino patient population should be considered for increased education on preventing transmission and acquisition of COVID-19 as well as being considered as a priority for vaccination once a vaccine is available.
Reconnecting Language and Materiality in Christian Reading: A Comparative Analysis of Two Groups of Protestant Women

What do Christians do when they read? How can Christian reading be understood anthropologically? Anthropologists of Christianity have offered many ethnographic descriptions of the interplay among people, words, and material objects across Christian groups, but descriptions of Christian reading have often posited an androgynous reader. In response to this we begin from the observation that while reading cannot be done without words, it also cannot be done without a body. We propose that an analytic approach of placing language and materiality (including bodies) together will help clarify that reading texts is an embodied practice, while not undermining the importance of working with words. We draw inspiration from the recent interest in bringing linguistic anthropology and materiality studies together into the same analytic frame of “language materiality.” We explore a language-materiality approach to reading by comparing how the biblical story of Mary and Martha was read by Protestant women in two historical situations: 1920s Norway and the 1950s United States. We argue that in these cases the readers’ gendered, raced, and classed bodies were central to the activity of reading texts, including their bodies’ material engagements with the world, such as carrying out women's work. We suggest that paying attention to embodied reading—that is, readers’ social entanglements with both language and materiality—yields a fuller analysis of what reading is in particular historical situations, and ultimately questions the notion of a singular Protestant semiotic ideology that works consistently toward purification.
Using behavioral outreach to counteract administrative burden and encourage take-up of simplified disability payment rules

Take-up of employment programs among people with disabilities can be limited by the administrative burdens of decision-making, which must factor in the complexities of how work affects disability cash assistance payments. This study presents evidence on using outreach motivated by behavioral research to encourage enrollment in a pilot initiative with the Social Security Administration that simplified Social Security Disability Insurance payment rules. Because enrolling would leave some beneficiaries worse off, informed enrollment decisions required understanding both the complexities of current rules and potential effects of the new demonstration rules. We sought to counteract bottlenecks stemming from decision-making burdens through increased outreach with tailored messaging. A randomized controlled trial was used to test two features of a reminder postcard. First, we compared fold-over postcards containing information about the demonstration to open postcards with more generic information, finding that fold-over postcards increased enrollment by around 25 percent (or 0.12 percentage points). Second, we compared an urgent message framing with no stated enrollment end-date to a deadline framing with an explicit enrollment cutoff date. Although the final enrollment rate was similar across timeline framing options, the urgent framing appears to have resulted in faster enrollment.
Early climate change indicators in the Arctic: A geographical perspective

Abstract Climate change is continuing to impact the social-ecological systems of polar regions. Climate models project substantial warming above the global average and high rates of environmental change in polar regions, but local impacts remain uncertain. These rapid alterations will affect biophysical, economic, and sociocultural conditions. This research aims to uncover early climate change indicators through climate model projections and individuals' perceptions by focusing on a sample of 39 municipalities north of the Arctic Circle in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and northwestern Russia. The study employs an exploratory sequential approach by combining representations of climate model projections in a geographic information system (GIS) with qualitative analysis from semi-structured interviews with local officials involved in planning decisions for each municipality. And, second, the study combined perceptions of early climate change indicators and their subsequent challenges and opportunities with regional climate projections. Results indicate an overall geographic ‘match’ between climate model projections and perceptions, but differences between north-to-south, coast-to-interior, and national perspectives are notable. Some of these differences point to the roles of nationally, regionally, and locally embedded geographies, producing a multitude of lived experiences. The implications of this study are relevant to global communities experiencing varying climate change risk perception from coastal-versus-interior regions.
Local Banking Market Frictions and Youth Crime: Evidence from Bank Failures

This paper examines the impact of local banking market frictions measured by bank failures on youth crime. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find white and black youth violent crimes increase by 0.11 and 0.66 per 1000 people, respectively, following a bank failure. Further, we find white property crime, petty delinquency and drug crime increase by 0.29, 0.75 and 0.35 per 1000 people. Black youth see a rise in drug crimes by 0.88 per 1000 people. Results by gender reveal male drug crimes rise by 2.4 and female property crimes by 0.66 per 1000 people, respectively. The economic effects are most persistent for petty delinquency crimes committed by white youths. Furthermore, we find evidence that bank failures worsen local labor markets conditions by increasing white youth unemployment and reduce employment in the limited-services restaurant industry; channels that likely alter the opportunity cost of youth crime.
Decision feedback equalization using an Euclidean direction based adaptive algorithm

Adaptive filtering algorithms are presented that are based on the Euclidean direction search (EDS) method of optimization. The EDS based algorithms have a fast convergence rate and O(N) computational complexity. These algorithms are investigated for decision feedback equalization in a mobile communication channel with additive noise and multipath. The EDS algorithms are shown to perform very well in attenuating noise and intersymbol interference. Performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and convergence rate are comparable to those of the RLS algorithm, but at a lower computational cost.
Assessing the Status of Environmental Education in Illinois Elementary Schools

One-thousand Illinois elementary teachers received a survey intended to assess the amount and manner in which they included environmental education in the classroom during the 2005 academic year. Over 91% of respondents (n = 234) said that they taught about the environment at least once during the school year, yet most students were only exposed to 22 to 100 minutes during that year. Of the teachers that included environmental education, 49% said they did so because of personal interest in the environment; 47% of the teachers that excluded it said the reason was because of a lack of class time.
The effect of body mass index on global brain volume in middle-aged adults: a cross sectional study

Background Obesity causes or exacerbates a host of medical conditions, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and endocrine diseases. Recently obesity in elderly women was associated with greater risk of dementia, white matter ischemic changes, and greater brain atrophy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether body type affects global brain volume, a marker of atrophy, in middle-aged men and women.
Cytotoxic folliculitis in GvHD. Evidence of follicular stem cell injury and recovery.

Recent observations indicate that stem cells of the murine hair follicle exist exclusively as a subpopulation of relatively undiffer-entiated outer root sheath cells located in the bulge region at the mid-portion of the follicle. Because it has been hypothesized that stem cells of interfollicular epidermis may represent targets of cytotoxic responses in acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD), we studied murine AGVHD and observed sequential skin biopsies for the presence and evolutionary pattern of follicular injury. Highly purified subsets of donor T cells were used to produce AGVHD to multiple minor histocompatibility (H) antigens in two strain combinations of mice matched for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In the C3H.SW->B6 strain combination, only CD8+ effector cells produced histologic evidence in skin of AGVHD, which peaked three weeks post-transplant. In the B10.D2->DBA/2 strain combination, CD4+ effector cells, and to a lesser extent, GD8+ cells, mediated disease, which peaked during the fourth week posttransplant. Analysis of skin from both strain/effector cell combinations revealed follicular infiltrates preferentially involving follicular stem cell (FSC) regions (bulge) of anagen follicles between the second and third weeks post-transplant. These infiltrates often preceded infiltration of adjacent interfollicular epidermis and were associated with follicular involution to telogen (resting) phase. By the fourth week post-transplant, > 50% of follicles were in telogen phase and residual inflammation was minimal. This provided a unique opportunity to observe follicular recovery from telogen. This involved formation of buds of premordial hair matrix derived from FSC populations of the bulge regions, and subsequent descent of these buds, initially tethered by elongate columns of putative stem cell progeny, along the course of fibrous tracts corresponding to follicular sheaths. These findings suggest that stem cells of hair follicles, as well as epidermis, represent potential targets of cytotoxicity in AGVHD. Moreover, they provide in vivo demonstration that the newly-described FSC population of the follicular bulge give rise to germinative matrix epithelium upon pathological stimulation.
Assessing Diagnostic Tests I: You Can't Be Too Sensitive

Clinicians and patients are always interested in less invasive, cheaper, and faster diagnostic tests. When introducing such a test, physicians must ensure that it is reliable in its diagnoses and does not commit errors. In this article, I discuss several ways that new tests are compared against gold standard diagnostics.
Modulation of depth-dependent properties in tissue-engineered cartilage with a semi-permeable membrane and perfusion: a continuum model of matrix metabolism and transport.

The functional properties of cartilaginous tissues are determined predominantly by the content, distribution, and organization of proteoglycan and collagen in the extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix accumulates in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs by metabolism and transport of matrix molecules, processes that are modulated by physical and chemical factors. Constructs incubated under free-swelling conditions with freely permeable or highly permeable membranes exhibit symmetric surface regions of soft tissue. The variation in tissue properties with depth from the surfaces suggests the hypothesis that the transport processes mediated by the boundary conditions govern the distribution of proteoglycan in such constructs. A continuum model (DiMicco and Sah in Transport Porus Med 50:57–73, 2003) was extended to test the effects of membrane permeability and perfusion on proteoglycan accumulation in tissue- engineered cartilage. The concentrations of soluble, bound, and degraded proteoglycan were analyzed as functions of time, space, and non-dimensional parameters for several experimental configurations. The results of the model suggest that the boundary condition at the membrane surface and the rate of perfusion, described by non-dimensional parameters, are important determinants of the pattern of proteoglycan accumulation. With perfusion, the proteoglycan profile is skewed, and decreases or increases in magnitude depending on the level of flow-based stimulation. Utilization of a semi-permeable membrane with or without unidirectional flow may lead to tissues with depth-increasing proteoglycan content, resembling native articular cartilage.
Some computational problems arising in adaptive optics imaging systems

Abstract Recently there has been growing interest and progress in using numerical linear algebra techniques in adaptive optics imaging control computations. Real-time adaptive optics is a means for enhancing the resolution of ground based, optical telescopes beyond the limits previously imposed by the turbulent atmosphere. An adaptive optics system automatically corrects for light distortions caused by the medium of transmission. The system measures the characteristics of the phase of the arriving wavefront and corrects for the degradations by means of one or more deformable mirrors controlled by special purpose computers. No attempt is made in this paper to give a comprehensive survey of recent numerical linear applications in optical imaging. Rather, two fairly representative applications are discussed in some detail. The following research topics in the area of adaptive optics control systems, each involving the formulation and numerical solution of difficult problems in numerical linear algebra, are described: (1) Jacobi-like eigenvalue computations for multiple bandwidth deformable mirror control methods, and (2) covariance matrix computations for performance modeling of adaptive optics systems using fast Hankel transforms.
Decreased protein synthesis by microsomes isolated from senescent rat liver.

Abstract Protein synthesis as indicated by the incorporation of 14C-leucine or a mixture of 14C-labelled amino acids into cold TCA-insoluble material by liver microsomal fractions of mature adult (12 months) and old (20–31 months) female rats was investigated. A decreased amino acid incorporation into protein occurred in the cell-free system from senescent rat liver. Also, cross-mixing experiments indicate that the cytosol(105,000g supernatant) from senescent animals is inhibitory to protein synthesis with microsomes from 12 month old rats. The combination of cytosol from 12 month old animals and microsomes from senescent animals functioned most often like the senescent system.
A QUANTITATIVE VERSION OF BILU'S EQUIDISTRIBUTION THEOREM

We use Fourier-analytic methods to give a new proof of Bilu's theorem on the complex equidistribution of small points on the one-dimensional algebraic torus. Our approach yields a quantitative bound on the error term in terms of the height and the degree.
Through-plane diffusion of moisture in paper detected by magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the through-plane moisture distribution in paper samples. This information provides insight into the mechanism of moisture transport through the plane of paper sheets. The moisture distribution was measured as a function of time for a thick two-ply paper using two different experimental arrangements: (1) ≥95% relative humidity (RH) on one side and 0% RH on the other side and (2) ≥95% RH on both sides of the paper sample. The data clearly support a model in which moisture is transported in two stages: as vapor through the void spaces of the paper and subsequent sorption by the fibers on a longer time scale.
Duplex-Tetraplex Equilibrium between a Hairpin and Two Interacting Hairpins of d(A-G)10 at Neutral pH

d(A-G)10 forms two helical structures at neutrality, at low ionic strength a single-hairpin duplex, and at higher ionic strength a double-hairpin tetraplex. An ionic strength-dependent equilibrium between these forms is indicated by native PAGE, which also reveals additional single-stranded species below 0.3 M Na+, probably corresponding to partially denatured states. The equilibrium also depends upon oligomer concentration: at very low concentrations, d(A-G)10 migrates faster than the random coil d(C-T)10, probably because it is a more compact single hairpin; at high concentrations, it co-migrates with the linear duplex d(A-G)10 x d(C-T)10, probably because it is a two-hairpin tetraplex. Molecular weights measured by equilibrium sedimentation in 0.1 M Na+, pH 7, reveal a mixture of monomer and dimer species at 1 degree C, but only a monomer at 40 degrees C; in 0.6 M Na+, pH 7, only a dimer species is observed at 4 degrees C. That the single- and double-stranded species are hairpin helices, is indicated by preferential S1 nuclease cleavage at the center of the oligomer(s), i.e., the loop of the hairpin(s). The UV melting transition below 0.3 M Na+ or K+, exhibits a dTm/dlog[Na+/K+] of 33 or 36 degrees C, respectively, consistent with conversion of a two-hairpin tetraplex to a single-hairpin duplex with extrahelical residues. When [Na+/K+] > or = 0.3 M, dTm/dlog [Na+/K+] is 19 or 17 degrees C, respectively, consistent with conversion of a two-hairpin tetraplex directly to single strands. A two-hairpin structure stabilized by G-tetrads is indicated by differential scanning calorimetry in 0.15 M Na+/5 mM Mg2+, with deltaH of formation per mole of the two-hairpin tetraplex of -116.9 kcal or -29.2 kcal/mol of G-tetrad.
Photoproducts of chlorpromazine which cause red blood cell lysis.

A mechanism for chlorpromazine (CPZ) phototoxicity has been proposed that attributes the response to formation of stable, toxic photoproducts which cause cell membrane disruption. We have characterized these toxic photoproducts as dimers and higher multimers of CPZ. Chlorpromazine solutions (3 or 10 mA/) were irradiated with a medium pressure Hg lamp filtered to exclude λ 800) had λmaxabs= 263 nm, λmaxfl= 490 nm and Band B (mol wt = 350-800) had λmaxabs= 255 nm, λmaxfl= 450 nm. Based on the mol wt of CPZ, Band A contained trimers and higher mol wt compounds and Band B was composed of dimeric structures. BandC(λmaxabs= 255,310 nm; λmaxfl= 445 nm) was composed of CPZ (mol wt = 315) and the low mol wt photoproducts. Red blood cell lysis was used as an assay for the ability of photoproducts to cause membrane disruption. Bands A and B, but not Band C, caused cell lysis. These data indicate that the CPZ photoproducts which cause cell membrane disruption are dimers (Band B) and higher multimers (Band A).
Survival of Yersinia enterocolitica During Fermentation and Storage of Yogurt

The fate of Yersinia enterocolitica was investigated during the manufacture and storage of yogurt produced using commercial starter cultures YC470 (rapid acid-producer), YC180 (slow acid-producer), both containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and a “home-use” culture that contained these bacteria as well as Lactobacillus acidophilus. Preparations were fermented at 44°C and stored at 4°C. During the first few hours of fermentation, Y. enterocolitica populations increased in all preparations. Y. enterocolitica populations were reduced to undetectable levels after 72 and 96h in YC470 and YC180 yogurt, respectively, but survived up to 144h in “home-use” yogurt. The home-use starter produced lactic acid in greater amounts and more rapidly (p<0.05) than YC470 or YC180 starters, but enabled longer survival. Y. enterocolitica survival was least (p<0.05) in yogurt produced using the YC470 starter culture.
Association of Airborne Virus Infectivity and Survivability with its Carrier Particle Size

Although laboratory generated virus aerosols have been widely studied in terms of infectivity and survivability, how they are related to particle size, especially in the submicron size range, is little understood. Four viruses (MS2 bacteriophage, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine influenza virus, and avian influenza virus) were aerosolized, size classified (100–450 nm) using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), and collected onto gelatin filters. Uranine dye was also nebulized with the virus, serving as a particle tracer. Virus infectivity assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were then used to quantify the amount of infectious virus and total virus present in the samples, respectively. The virus distribution was found to be better represented by the particle volume distribution rather than the particle number distribution. The capacity for a particle to carry virus increased with the particle size and the relationship could be described by a power law. Virus s...
Using goal programming to determine interest group disutility for public policy choices

Abstract Within this paper a framework is developed for incorporating into the process of social choice both interest group preferences for social goals and the efficient allocation of limited resources. The social welfare function is adopted as the foundation for the framework and the goal programming algorithm is used to approximate the utility of the interest groups for their optimal policy choice. A function is defined which measures the disutility experienced by a social unit when a policy other than its optimal choice is selected. A surrogate measure of this disutility involving imposed preference weight changes for social goals is determined and its implications for use in developing the social welfare function are examined.
National operative case log growth charts in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery training.

ObjectiveTo report national standard case log growth curves for operative procedures in otolaryngology and to describe a method by which program directors can chart surgical case numbers over resident training to longitudinally assess sufficiency of cases and parity between residents.Study DesignData visualization and analysis.SettingAmerican Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) national case log data for otolaryngology residency.SubjectsNational data set; no individual subjects.MethodsNational statistical case log reports for otolaryngology were obtained from the ACGME for each postgraduate year (PGY) level in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Estimated means and standard deviations were calculated. The mean and increments of standard deviation were graphed against time to create case log growth charts, similar to pediatric growth charts.ResultsCase log growth charts were made for each ACGME Otolaryngology Residency Review Committee key indicator procedure. Progress of an individual resident or of a cohort...
Clinical dilemmas in women's health: using current evidence to answer questions about hormonal contraception in the middle years.

This article discusses common clinical dilemmas faced when caring for women in the middle years who desire hormonal contraception. It includes case reports and discussions that focus on the risk/benefit ratio of providing hormonal contraception to women with hypertension obesity migraine headaches women who smoke and women with a family history of breast cancer or venous thromboembolism.
Trapped capacity: scheduling under a power cap to maximize machine-room throughput

Power-aware parallel job scheduling has been recognized as a demanding issue in the high-performance computing (HPC) community. The goal is to efficiently allocate and utilize power and energy in machine rooms. In practice the power for machine rooms is well over-provisioned, specified by high energy LINPACK runs or nameplate power estimates. This results in a considerable amount of trapped power capacity. Instead of being wasted, this trapped power capacity should be reclaimed to accommodate more compute nodes in the machine room and thereby increase system throughput. But to do this we need the ability to enforce a system-wide power cap. In this paper, we present TracSim, a full-system simulator that enables users to evaluate the performance of different policies for scheduling parallel tasks under a power cap. TracSim simulates the executing environment of an HPC cluster at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). We use real measurements from the LANL cluster to set the configuration parameters of TracSim. TracSim enables users to specify the system topology, hardware configuration, power cap, and task workload, and to develop resource configuration and task scheduling policies aiming to maximize machine-room throughput while keeping power consumption under a power cap by exploiting CPU throttling techniques. We leverage TracSim to implement and evaluate three resource scheduling policies. Simulation results show the performance of those policies and quantify the amount of trapped capacity that can effectively be reclaimed.
A Case Study of Intergenerational Relations Through Dance with Profoundly Deaf Individuals

Summary In this study, the medium of dance was used to explore intergenerational relationships between profoundly deaf young children and profoundly deaf older adults. The specific purposes of the researcher were to explore interaction between a group of profoundly deaf older adults and profoundly deaf young children in an intergenerational dance program setting; to examine the extent to which individuals of one age group act as grandparents or grandchildren for those of another age group; to examine the dance elements of warmups, partnering, touch, and line versus circle; and to investigate whether dance can act as a catalyst for social interaction between these two age groups.
Ultrastructural changes induced by juvenile hormone analogue in oöcyte membranes of apterous4Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract Egg chambers from apterous 4 (ap 4 ) , a female sterile mutant of Drosophila melanogaster , show none of the microvilli or pinocytotic vesicles which are a prominent feature of the membrane of the wild-type vitellogenic oocyte. The studies reported here show that a juvenile hormone analogue (ZR515) stimulates formation of microvilli and pinocytotic vesicles in oocytes of ap 4 flies. Within 12 hr after topical application of ZR515 to homozygous ap 4 females the oocyte membranes exhibit extensive microvilli and pinocytotic activity. The follicle-cell surface adjoining the oocyte also shows some changes. In vitro studies in which ap 4 ovaries were incubated in Schneider's Drosophila tissue-culture medium in the presence of ZR515 with or without female haemolymph, or in the absence of ZR515, showed that the analogue acts alone directly on the ovary to cause formation of microvilli and pinocytotic vesicles on the oocyte membrane.
Interstitial resonance modes as a source of the boson peak in glasses and liquids

Abstract Although it is recognized that the boson peak is a universal and fundamental feature of glass and liquid dynamics arising from low-frequency vibrational modes which are absent in crystals, the source of these modes is still under investigation. The effects are detected as a “bump” in low temperature specific heat measurements, an excess vibrational density of states in inelastic neutron scattering and the “boson” peak in Raman scattering. It is shown that the magnitude, location, and softening of the Boson peak as it persists into the supercooled liquid state are well accounted for by the interstitialcy model of condensed matter states as the resonance modes of self-interstitials.
A Review of Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems— Fundamental Studies:

The progress on the research and application of water mist systems in fire suppression has been substantial over the last decade. To bring this work into focus, a review has been undertaken to identify future developments and potential efficacy improvements for water mist fire suppression systems. This paper, as a first step, provides a review of the fundamental research in water mist fire suppression systems. This includes a review of extinguishing mechanisms and the factors that influence the performance of water mist, such as spray characteristics, enclosure effects, dynamic mixing, the use of additives and methods of generating water mist. Recent studies on the use of computer modeling for the development of water mist fire suppression systems are also reviewed and discussed.The review shows that the extinguishing mechanisms and the role of spray characteristics in fire suppression have become well understood and identified. Water mist does not behave like a "true" gaseous agent in fire suppression. T...
Integrating harvesting into digital library content

The Open Archives Initiative has gained success by aiming between complex federation schemes and low functionality web crawling. Much information still remains hidden inside documents catalogued by OAI metadata. We discuss how subdocument information can be exposed by data providers and exploited by service providers. We discuss services for citation reversal and name and term linking with harvested data in the Perseus Project's document management system and a proxy service for automatically adding these links to OAI documents outside Perseus.