cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation and school services following traumatic brain injury in young children.

Background Preschool children have the highest incidence of emergency department visits for traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the majority discharged home without a single point of entry into follow-up services. This paper describes families' experience with service access following TBI. Objectives To describe parent reported service utilization following preschool TBI and examine predictors of service access. Methods Participants (N = 80) were drawn from the first visit of a longitudinal study examining elementary school outcomes following TBI. Parents were interviewed about their service history. Descriptive statistics analyzed sample demographics. Logistic regression examined associations between injury related factors and service utilization. Results TBI participants had mild injuries (83%) and were either discharged to home or spent less than a week in the hospital. No TBI participants received inpatient rehabilitation and only a portion of the sample (26%) received outpatient treatment. Length of hospital stay was a significant predictor of service access (Wald = 4.33, df = 1, p = 0.040). All children were enrolled in preschool without accommodations. Conclusion Currently no systematic continuum of care exists for children with TBI injured prior to elementary school, despite availability of healthcare, education and state based resources. Healthcare professionals in contact with young children can help with follow-up by educating parents about TBI effects on learning.
The Effects of High-Dose Parathyroid Hormone Treatment on Fusion Outcomes in a Rabbit Model of Posterolateral Lumbar Spinal Fusion Alone and in Combination with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Treatment.

Background Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1–34) treatment reduces fracture risk in osteoporotic patients. Previously, we demonstrated in a rabbit model that low-dose PTH treatment resulted in increased fusion mass volume. As effects of PTH on bone are dose-dependent, we aimed to evaluate whether increasing dosage of PTH increases both volume and biomechanical stiffness of the resulting fusion masses and/or exhibits synergistic effects with low-dose bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Methods Posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion surgery was performed on 60 New Zealand White rabbits divided into 6 experimental groups: iliac crest autograft alone, autograft plus 20 μg/kg/day PTH, autograft plus 40 μg/kg/day PTH, BMP-2 alone, BMP-2 plus 20 μg/kg/day PTH, and BMP-2 plus 40 μg/kg PTH. Fusion was assessed at postoperative week 6 via manual palpation, volumetric computed tomography analysis, and 4-point bending biomechanical testing. Results All groups treated with BMP-2 fused. Increasing doses of PTH resulted in increased fusion mass volume compared with autograft alone. Autograft plus 40 μg/kg/day PTH yielded fusion mass volumes comparable to BMP-2. When the autograft groups were considered alone, increased mechanical stiffness was observed only in the 20 μg/kg/day group. No significant stiffness differences were observed between BMP-2 groups. Conclusions Treatment with the highest dose of PTH resulted in fusion mass volumes similar to those obtained with BMP-2. When the autograft groups were considered alone, significant increases in mechanical stiffness were observed at a dosage of 20 μg/kg/day, suggesting there may be an optimal dose of PTH in the rabbit model. Effects of BMP-2 on fusion were dominant.
Outcomes of Sphincter Pharyngoplasty in the Cleft Population

Introduction:Sphincter pharyngoplasty (SP) is becoming increasingly popular for correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after cleft palate repair because of high success rate, low incidence of postoperative obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and ease of revision in case of failure. This study i
Competing Through Quality: Perspectives and Research Directions

Quality has become the mantra for enterprise viability and success. What is quality? How has our view and practice of quality changed? We describe the change in quality perspective and thinking that has taken place in our society and from this suggest some methodological and managerial (applied) research directions.
SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

This chapter discusses the three qualities of software, namely, efficiency, reliability, and portability. The qualities of software that are easy to understand and measure are speed and accuracy. Reliability and ease of use are equally important but more difficult to measure. Less obvious, but still important, are qualities such as portability—ease of moving the software to another computer system—and maintenance—ease of making minor fixes or enhancements. Software performance evaluation is primarily an experimental science and performance studies must use proper scientific methods. These methods are fundamental in any experimental science, but software performance evaluation is still very young, and few standard approaches have been adopted. Program efficiency refers to the use of computer resources by the program. The principal resources are time, memory, and input–output. Time is usually measured in seconds of use of a central processor or arithmetic unit.
Imitation of the Other

In the previous chapter we assume that, prior to making any decision the subject, in one or another way, receives information about the other’s readiness to choose the positive pole. Imagine now that X is isolated from Y and cannot receive information about the value of y, so that his cognitive system cannot compute the value of x. What do real people do in such a situation? They put themselves into the other’s shoes and try to imitate the other’s behavior. Such imitation differs fundamentallyfrom reflexion. Reflexion is mental representation of the self and of the other with multiple mutual representations. Imitation is not a mental representation; the subject employs the entire self in his attempt to model the other; he activates not only his cognitive sphere, but his motor sphere as well. He resembles an actor, playing the role of another person (see Fink, 1980). Imitation is an act of metamorphosis. This ‘double existence’ is well-known to people in show business as well as to psychologists who study military thinking and styles of chess play.
Tomosynthesis-Guided Core Biopsy of the Breast: Why and How to Use it

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has become an important tool in breast imaging. It decreases the call-back rate while increasing the cancer detection rate on screening mammography and is useful for diagnostic examination of noncalcified lesions and for the evaluation of patients presenting with clinical symptoms. Management challenges and dilemmas that are encountered with abnormalities detected on DBT and lacking a sonographic correlate can now be addressed with tomosynthesis-guided core biopsy.
Reasons Don't Matter.

The triadic parent–patient–clinician interaction in pediatrics creates unique ethical challenges when parents and clinicians disagree about treatments or interventions. Rather than an autonomous ro...
Sources of resources: A business school citation analysis study

A citation analysis study was conducted on faculty publications from Business School at Institution. Citations were analyzed by format of materials, library availability, journal concentration by d...
Engineering a Brighter Future: The Evolving Role of the Pharmacist in the Era of the HeartMate 3:

Continuous-flow left-ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) are an option for patients with end-stage heart failure requiring durable mechanical circulatory support. Two of the older-generation CF-LVADs have been associated with multiple device-related complications, including bleeding and thrombosis. The newest generation CF-LVAD, the HeartMate 3, was engineered specifically to prevent device-related thrombosis. As more data enhance our understanding of the burden of bleeding and thrombotic adverse events, patients with durable mechanical circulatory support may require less-aggressive antithrombotic therapy.
KITOPARTS: A Virtual Playground To Explore Form, Space, & Order

Architecture students use both analog and digital tools throughout their design process. Ideally, the affordances of each tool complement each other. Our goal with Kitoparts is to move beyond two-dimensional screen based computer modeling environments to create a system that feels analog but harnesses all the affordances of digital modeling environments. With the usage of VR and haptic controllers, we hope to provide a rich and flexible methodology for investigating forms and space. In educational settings, Kitoparts aims to solve three major problems with traditional beginning design exercises. First, it solves the scaling problem, allowing design students to see their designs visualized at full scale and in real-time. Second, it overcomes the combinatorial nature of physical building blocks by allowing 3D shapes to overlap and embed into each other in ways they could not within the physical world. Finally, we include the designer’s “hands” in the creative process. Virtual hands prove to be much more intuitive to use than the traditional mouse and keyboards commonly utilized in most CAD and modeling software. With Kitoparts, the computer model is no longer just a tool for representation; it becomes the user interface for design. Kitoparts allows both seasoned designers and novices to simply play, build, and explore.
Spatial and temporal analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Zhejiang Province, China, 2011 - 2015.

INTRODUCTION Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease first discovered in northeast and central China in 2009, and SFTS cases increased year by year in China. This study aimed to identify the spatial and temporal clusters of SFTS in Zhejiang Province, China. METHODOLOGY We analyzed the surveillance data of SFTS in Zhejiang Province during 2011 - 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics and overall trend of SFTS. Circular statistic method was utilized to identify the seasonality. Space-time scan analysis was performed to explore the high risk spatio-temporal clusters of SFTS cases at county level. RESULTS A total of 194 confirmed SFTS cases were reported in Zhejiang Province during 2011 - 2015. We found a significant increase in overall time trend since 2011. The seasonality was statistically significant (P < 0.001), with a mean date (95% CI) of 21st June (12th ~ 30th in June). Totally 21 (23%) counties reported the occurrence of SFTS, which gradually spread throughout Zhejiang. Three spatio-temporal clusters were detected, with one principle cluster (Daishan County, RR 234.48, June 2013 - November 2015) and two secondary clusters (6 counties, RR 30.73, April - October in 2015; Anji County, RR 373.26, May 2014). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that SFTS has increased and spatially expanded over the past years, with a remarkable seasonality. Three spatio-temporal clusters were identified. These findings are important for the improvement of SFTS surveillance and control strategies.
The Problem of Death in Critical Care Medicine

Treatment plans in critical care medicine have pushed the envelope of debilitating disease by reversing organ dysfunction before it proceeds to organ failure. For a select population of patients with a strong potential for reanimation, such care plans have been remarkably successful. However, because the patient is given the benefit of any doubt regarding the possibility of resuscitation, critical care sometimes fails to reanimate an acceptable quality of life, creating dependence on life-supporting technology [1]. Critical care life-support systems are quite capable of, and even effective in, supporting isolated organ systems, even in the presence of brain death.
Emergence of Luttinger liquid behavior of a superclimbing dislocation

A generic edge dislocation with superfluid core in solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ represents a non-Luttinger liquid according to the elementary scaling dimensional analysis because its compressibility is giant, that is, it diverges as square of the dislocation length. Monte Carlo simulations, however, reveal that such a dislocation develops finite compressibility as temperature is lowered. Furthermore, for certain parameters the dislocation can undergo a transition into insulating state regardless of the filling factor. External macroscopically small bias by chemical potential can restore the giant compressibility. Experimental verifications of these features are proposed in connection with the ongoing efforts to understand the superflow-through-solid as well as the syringe effects in solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$.
Joint Effects of Boilerplate and Text Markup on the Judgments of Novice and Experienced Users of Financial Information

ABSTRACT We experimentally examine the effects of boilerplate disclosure and text markup on the judgments of novice and experienced users of financial information. We manipulate the presence of boi...
How to Pick a Good Surgeon

I am sure many of us have either heard or been asked the question, “How do you pick a good surgeon”. Of all the academic questions we deal with on a daily basis as surgeons/physicians, this question perplexes us beyond our educational background.
Fine-mapping and characterization of qSCN18, a novel QTL controlling soybean cyst nematode resistance in PI 567516C

The qSCN18 QTL from PI 56756C was confirmed and fine-mapped to improve soybean resistance to the SCN population HG Type 2.5.7 using near-isogenic lines carrying recombination crossovers within the QTL region. The QTL underlying resistance was fine-mapped to a 166-Kbp region on chromosome 18, and the candidate genes were selected based on genomic analyses. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines, Ichinohe) is the most devastating pathogen of soybean. Understanding the genetic basis of SCN resistance is crucial for managing this parasite in the field. Two major loci, rhg1 and Rhg4, were previously characterized as valuable resources for SCN resistance. However, their continuous use has caused shifts in the virulence of SCN populations, which can overcome the resistance conferred by these two major loci. Reduced effectiveness became a major concern in the soybean industry due to continuous use of rhg1 for decades. Thus, it is imperative to identify sources of SCN resistance for durable SCN management. A novel QTL qSCN18 was identified in PI567516C. To fine-map qSCN18 and identify resistance genes, a large backcross population was developed. Nineteen near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying recombination crossovers within the QTL region were identified. The first phase of fine-mapping narrowed the QTL region to 549-Kbp, whereas the second phase confined the region to 166-Kbp containing 23 genes. Two flanking markers, MK-1 and MK-6, were developed and validated to detect the presence of the qSCN18 resistance allele. Haplotype analysis clustered the fine-mapped qSCN18 region from PI 567516C with the cqSCN-007 locus previously mapped in the wild soybean accession PI 468916. The NILs were developed to further characterize the causal gene(s) harbored in this QTL. This study also confirmed the previously identified qSCN18. The results will facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) introducing the qSCN18 locus from PI 567516C into high-yielding soybean cultivars with durable resistance to SCN.
Isomerization of saturated hydrocarbons

1. A systematic experimental investigation was carried out on the isomerization of C6-C8 paraffins under a pressure of hydrogen, and the experimental data obtained are compared with thermodynamic calculations. 2. A mechanism is proposed for the isomerization of saturated hydrocarbons in presence of multifunctional catalysts, and in this mechanism the first stage of the reaction is the formation of olefins. 3. Some new data were obtained on the relation between structure and reactivity in hydrocarbons.
Assessment of self-reported financial conflicts of interest in vascular surgery studies.

ABSTRACT Introduction With increased collaboration between surgeons and industry, there has been a push towards improving transparency of conflicts of interest (COI). This study aims to determine the accuracy of reporting of COIs among studies in major vascular surgery journals. Methods A literature search identified all comparative studies published from January 2018 – December 2018 from three major United States vascular surgery journals (Journal of Vascular Surgery, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Annals of Vascular Surgery). Industry payments were collected using the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments database. COI discrepancies were identified by comparing author declaration statements with payments found for the year of publication and year prior. Results A total of 239 studies (1642 authors) were identified. Two hundred twenty-one studies (92%) and 669 authors (63%) received undisclosed payments when utilizing a cut-off payment amount of $250. In 2018, 10,778 payments (totaling $22,174,578) were made by 145 companies. Food and beverage payments were the most commonly reported transaction (42%), but accounted for only 3% of total reported monetary values. Authors who accurately disclosed payments received significantly higher median general payments compared to authors who did not accurately disclose payments ($56,581 [IQR: $2441 - $100,551] vs $2,361 [IQR: $525 - $9,699], p Conclusions There is a significant discordance between self-reported COI in vascular surgery studies compared to payments received in the CMS Open Payments database. This study highlights the need for increased efforts to both improve definitions of what constitutes a relevant COI and encourage a standardized reporting process for vascular surgery studies.
Self, identity, and negative youth adaptation: Introduction to the special issue

Research on adolescent identity and negative adaptations has progressed considerably in the past few years. A significant body of work casts additional light on the role identity plays in developme...
The Classical Solution to the Atmospheric Ekman Spiral

The Navier-Stokes equations presented in a previous chapter assumed no horizontal mean shear. However, coastal modelers should use a specialized, sophisticated form of these equations that take into account horizontal shear. Moreover, improved representations of friction are also included here, in the more complete Navier-Stokes equations. These improvements are indeed important in the coastal zone, where great differences in the vertical shearing stress occur across space. These revised equations are sometimes referred to as the Reynolds stress forms of the equations of motion, because they include explicit representation of the shearing stress. In addition, an imaginary component is introduced into the Navier-Stokes equations under hydrostatic conditions, for representing flow in the Ekman spiral. This allows for the simultaneous solution of both the downwind and crosswind components of wind velocity (u and v, respectively) and as a function of the other variables in the problem. This is necessary because u and v have an intrinsic relationship with each other due to the angle of the wind. The complete derivation of this classical Ekman spiral is then shown in step-by-step fashion. The chapter concludes with some real-world application of this solution, in the form of a hodograph and in showing how wind direction changes with height can affect coastal weather.
Unfit Through Unfairness: The Termination of Parental Rights Due to a Parent's Mental Challenges

The precursors to and process of termination of parental rights (TPR) proceedings in parents with mental disabilities require examination because previous scholars have not approached this matter with the correct framework. The effects of mental illness on parenting must be explored because mental illness does not lead to de facto child abuse. An application of Family Systems Theory — which is highly utilized in clinical arenas and social work — requires the use of a legal standard of “holistic family wellbeing” in TPR proceedings, rather than the vague, outdated standard of “the child’s best interests.” An in-depth discussion of the origins, nature, and current human rights applications of Family Systems Theory reveals a natural fit with family law cases in general and with TPR in particular. Applying the “holistic family wellbeing” standard would make a more clinically and ethically sound determination about maintaining or severing family bonds, especially with the mentally challenged population. These concepts move the field towards cutting-edge family law practice.The termination of parental rights in parents with mental challenges is a growing and crucial issue. In 2010, an estimated 45.9 million adults in the U.S. had experienced a mental illness in the past year. This represents 20% of the adult population. More than five million children in the U.S. have a parent with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. Courts and child welfare systems too often assume that a parent is not amenable to treatment and is a danger to his or her child when strong symptoms of mental turmoil surface. Some studies report that as many as 70 to 80% of mentally ill parents have lost custody. Public systems are overwhelmed by this matter in an era of shrinking resources for such systems. However, often parents with mental health needs are willing to accept treatment, are able to participate in programming, and are worthy of regaining custody.
Soil Geochemistry in the Critical Zone: Influence on Atmosphere, Surface- and Groundwater Composition

Abstract In this chapter we introduce soil biogeochemical processes that have broad influence on Critical Zone function. Soil comprises all unconsolidated material above competent bedrock that is open to – and structured by – fluxes of energy and matter. These fluxes drive biotic and abiotic reactions that result from the open system disequilibria. While (bio)geochemical reactions occur at the molecular scale, they have implications for ecosystem function and human sustainability. Many of the characteristic changes of the Anthropocene – including climatic and land use changes – have direct influence on soil biogeochemistry with cascading effects on the capacity of the Critical Zone to sustain human life. Here we highlight several of these “scalable” soil biogeochemical reactions, give examples on how they are impacted by external forcings, and show how they “reach” beyond the extent of soils to impact atmosphere, surface- and groundwater composition.
Vibrational CARS thermometry and one-dimensional simulations in laminar H2/air counter-flow diffusion flames

Abstract Broadband N2 vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (VCARS) thermometry was performed along the nozzle centerline of counter-flow diffusion flames. Fuel mixtures consisted of varying percentages of H2 in N2 and the oxidizer was air. We investigated the influence of varying the percentage of H2 in the fuel stream on the temperature profiles along the nozzle centerline. Measurements were performed, with varying global strain rates, both near and far from flame extinction. One-dimensional simulations, performed using Combustion Simulation Lab (COSILAB) software, show that the temperature profiles are relatively insensitive to the nozzle exit centerline velocity; implying that the 1-D simulations provide an excellent approximation of the real temperature profiles along the nozzle centerline. Various chemical mechanisms were employed within the COSILAB framework for comparison against VCARS temperature measurements. Simulations were also performed to evaluate the influence of thermal diffusion and nitrogen chemistry on nozzle centerline temperature profiles.
Satellite solar energy systems

Summary form only given. The first space solar array was carried aloft on Vanguard I on March 17, 1958. The array on Vanguard I consisted of six photovoltaic panels mounted on the outer surface of the satellite and produced one watt of power for over six years. Space solar arrays and power systems have grown in size and complexity since 1958, and telecommunications satellites with power systems exceeding 10 kilowatts have been launched into geosynchronous (GEO) orbit. A new class of communication satellites is about to be launched aimed at providing a worldwide portable telephone interconnection service. In many cases the power system on each individual satellite will approach 10 kilowatts, and the large numbers of spacecraft required to complete one of these constellations place a very heavy emphasis on achieving low cost at every stage, from development to assembly to launch. Cost savings can be obtained by employing as much commonality as possible on each satellite, but an entirely new generation of low cost, high performance solar arrays will be required to enable such systems to meet their cost targets. The same is true for the energy storage system. This paper provides a brief overview of a typical satellite power system along with the current status of space solar cell and array development in the US. A brief description of current and near term battery technology is also included. The discussion concludes with a description of new initiatives by NASA to develop high efficiency, thin film, low cost solar arrays and batteries for future satellite applications.
Microtubule C-Terminal Tails Can Change Characteristics of Motor Force Production.

Control of intracellular transport is poorly understood, and functional ramifications of tubulin isoform differences between cell types are mostly unexplored. Motors’ force production and detachment kinetics are critical for their group function, but how microtubule (MT) details affect these properties – if at all – is unknown. We investigated these questions using both a vesicular transport human kinesin, kinesin-1, and also a mitotic kinesin likely optimized for group function, kinesin-5, moving along either bovine brain or MCF7(breast cancer) MTs. We found that kinesin-1 functioned similarly on the two sets of MTs – in particular, its mean force production was approximately the same, though due to its previously reported decreased processivity, the mean duration of kinesin-1 force production was slightly decreased on MCF7 MTs. In contrast, kinesin-5’s function changed dramatically on MCF7 MTs: its average detachment force was reduced and its force–velocity curve was different. In spite of the reduced detachment force, the force–velocity alteration surprisingly improved high-load group function for kinesin-5 on the cancer-cell MTs, potentially contributing to functions such as spindle-mediated chromosome separation. Significant differences were previously reported for C-terminal tubulin tails in MCF7 versus bovine brain tubulin. Consistent with this difference being functionally important, elimination of the tails made transport along the two sets of MTs similar.
Solving Problems in Technical Communication

Solving Problems in Technical Communication follows up Johndan Johnson-Eilola and Stuart Selber's influential 2004 collection of previously published work, Central Works in Technical Communication....
The arduous journey to find a portrait of Beauchêne fils: a famous anatomist and surgeon.

Earlier publications by our group have reported the major contributions of Beauchene fils, Edme Francois Chauvot de Beauchene (1778-1830), a prosector, and surgeon in Paris. These included a variety of firsts: the finding of an intraneural ganglion cyst, the description of the exploded skull (Beauchene) technique, and the case of air pulmonary embolism. This article describes the exhaustive efforts necessary to locate a portrait of him. Information obtained along the circuitous journey through 13 generations over five centuries will clarify the important medical accomplishments by individuals of a noble family. The discovered portraits will allow scholars to honor accurately the individuals, particularly Beauchene fils, in the future.
Validation of an Inexpensive B-Mode Ultrasound Device for Detection of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Objective To validate a portable, inexpensive, real-time, B-mode ultrasound device compared with duplex ultrasound in the detection of proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized patients clinically suspected of having deep vein thrombosis. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care community teaching hospital. Patients Medical-surgical hospitalized patients undergoing duplex ultrasonography for clinically suspected lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Interventions Hospitalized patients who underwent duplex ultrasound examinations were enrolled in the study. Blinded from the duplex ultrasound results, the investigators utilized the study ultrasound device to perform compression ultrasonography of the common femoral, superficial femoral, and popliteal veins within 48 h of the duplex examinations. The results of the study ultrasound device were recorded as normal (compressible) or abnormal (noncompressible). Results Of the 198 lower limbs evaluated, duplex ultrasonography documented 34 proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombi. The study ultrasound device detected 32 of the 34 proximal thrombi detected by duplex ultrasonography. One false-positive result of an examination occurred with the study ultrasound device. Compared with duplex ultrasonography, the study ultrasound device had a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 99%, positive predictive value of 97%, and negative predictive value of 98%. Conclusions The results of this investigation document that the study ultrasound device has an acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for clinical use in detection of proximal lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Further evaluation and validation of this ultrasound device are warranted.
Influences of fire history and topography on the pattern of a severe wind blowdown in a Colorado subalpine forest

Summary 1 In 1997, a major windstorm blew down over 10 000 hectares of subalpine forest in Routt National Forest in north-western Colorado. We tested whether fire history and topographic variation, across the landscape, determined subsequent susceptibility to damage from this windstorm. 2 We combined dendrochronological techniques with a geographical information system (GIS) to examine the relationship between the effects of the blowdown and the spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation. We reconstructed the spatial fire history in a c. 4400 ha area by first identifying distinct patches in the landscape on aerial photographs, and then in the field by determining the disturbance history of each patch by dating fire scars, ages of post-fire cohorts and releases of remnant trees. 3 Both topographic position and fire history contribute to susceptibility to wind damage. Stands at higher elevations, on easterly slopes and closer to ridges were most affected. Younger stands (i.e. more recently affected by stand-initiating fires) were less affected particularly in areas affected by low–moderate severity blowdown (< 80% damage). The ecological effects of the very severe 1997 windstorm were mediated by the legacies of fires which occurred several centuries ago. Interactions between natural disturbances, such as fire and blowdown, lead to synergistic effects on forest dynamics, even when disturbance is infrequent.
P58-A and P58-B: novel proteins that mediate skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo.

During sea urchin embryogenesis, the skeleton is produced by primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). PMCs undergo a sequence of morphogenetic behaviors that includes ingression, directed migration, and cell–cell fusion. Ultimately, PMCs deposit the calcite-containing biomineral that forms the endoskeleton of the late embryo and early larva. The endoskeleton has a stereotypical structure and is the major determinant of the distinctive, angular shape of the larva. Although many candidate biomineralization proteins have been identified, functional data concerning these proteins are scant. Here, we identify and characterize two new biomineralization genes, p58-a and p58-b. We show that these two genes are highly conserved in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus, two sea urchin species whose ancestors diverged approximately 100 mya. The p58-a and p58-b genes lie in tandem on the chromosome, suggesting that one of the two genes arose via a gene duplication event. The two genes encode closely related, type I transmembrane proteins. We have established by whole mount in situ hybridization that p58-a and p58-b are expressed specifically in the PMCs in both species. Knockdown of either gene by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides leads to profound defects in skeletogenesis, although skeletal elements are not completely eliminated. The P58-A and P58-B proteins do not appear to play a role in the specification, directed migration or differentiation of the PMCs, but most likely are directly involved in biomineralization during sea urchin embryonic development.
Mexican-American Adolescents’ Gender-Typed Characteristics: The Role of Sibling and Friend Characteristics

This study examined the role of sibling and friend characteristics in Mexican-American youth’s gender-typed characteristics (i.e., attitudes, interests, and leisure activities) in early versus middle adolescence using a sibling design. Mexican-American 7th graders (M = 12.51 years; SD = .58) and their older siblings (M = 15.48 years; SD = 1.57) from 246 families participated in home interviews and a series of seven nightly phone calls. Results revealed that younger/early adolescent siblings reported more traditional gender role attitudes than their older/middle adolescent siblings and older brothers were more traditional in their attitudes than older sisters. When comparing siblings’ gender-typed interests and leisure activities, boys reported more masculine orientations than girls and girls reported more feminine orientations than boys. Older brothers’ gender-typed characteristics were associated with the amount of time spent with and gender characteristics of their friendship group, but for younger brothers, sibling characteristics were associated with their gender-typed characteristics. In contrast, both sibling and friendship characteristics were significantly associated with older and younger sisters’ gender-typed characteristics. The discussion addressed the different correlates of older and younger sisters’ and brothers’ gender-typed characteristics.
Pharmacokinetic studies of theophylline in dogs

The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were investigated in dogs following intravenous, single oral, and multiple oral doses of aminophylline. Mean half-life (t1/2) of theophylline following single intravenous administration was 5.7 h and the apparent specific volume of distribution (V'd area) was 0.82 litre/kg. The bioavailability of theophylline was high (91%) following oral administration of aminophylline tablets and the absorption half-life (t1/2ab) was 0.4 h. Theophylline plasma concentrations observed following repeated oral administration of aminophylline tablets were somewhat greater than predicted. This suggests that theophylline plasma concentrations should be monitored and the dosage regimen individually adjusted in critically ill animals.
Degradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-polycaprolactone hydrogels for tissue engineering scaffolds.

Biodegradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(pHEMA) hydrogels for engineered tissue constructs were developed by the use of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a degradable cross-linker, and a macroinitiator. Hydrogels are appropriate materials for tissue engineering scaffolds because of their tissue-like mechanical compliance and mass transfer properties. However, many hydrogels that have seen wide application in medicine are not biodegradable or cannot be easily cleared from the body. pHEMA was selected for the scaffold material because of its reasonable mechanical strength, elasticity, and long history of successful use in medicine as well as because it can be easily fabricated into numerous configurations. pHEMA was studied at various molecular weights between 2 and 50 kDa. The molecular weight range suitable for renal clearance was an important factor in the experimental design. The fabricated hydrogels contain oligomeric blocks of polycaprolactone (PCL), a hydrolytically and enzymaticall...
Interactive Cable TV and Social Services

History and design of the National Science Foundation-supported program at Spartanburg, S. C., Rockford, Ill., and Reading, Pa.
Pushing Boundaries in the History of Computing

Crossing topical, analytical, and theoretical boundaries can lead us to more nuanced and satisfying histories of computing, while also providing fresh insights about computing in the contemporary context.
Combined network and mathematical modeling suggests novel inflammation positive feedback circuit and role for IL-1α in experimental trauma/hemorrhage and hepatocyte hypoxia

13 Combined network and mathematical modeling suggests novel inflammation positive feedback circuit and role for IL-1 in experimental trauma/hemorrhage and hepatocyte hypoxia Nabil Azhar, Rami Namas, Bahiyyah Jefferson, Derek Barclay, Ruben Zamora, Yoram Vodovotz University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Objectives: Trauma/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) is the most common cause of death for young people in the United States, costing more than $400 billion annually. Most deaths from T/HS occur due to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is thought to be due, in part, to dysregulated inflammation. We have used computational modeling to define key networks and mechanisms of post-T/HS acute inflammation. We used a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) algorithm (adapted from Grzegorczyk and Husmeier, Bioinformatics 2010;27:693). Given time-series data, DBNs provide a way of inferring causal relationships based on probabilistic measures. This approximation helps to suggest the overall network structure, including central nodes that exhibit feedback. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to T/HS for 0 to 4 hours. Separately, C57Bl/6 hepatocytes were subjected to an in vitro surrogate of T/HS, namely, hypoxia (culture at 1% O2 for 1 to 72 hours). Cytokines/chemokines were assayed in the plasma (in vivo T/HS) as well as supernatants and lysates (in vitro hypoxia) by Luminex (MiraiBio, Alameda, CA), and the data were subjected to DBN analysis. Results: Dynamic Bayesian Network analysis suggested a core network that involves the cytokines IL-10 and IL-1α, as well as the chemokines IP-10 and MIG. Assigning biologically plausible functions to directed edges of the network resulted in a so-called incoherent type I feed forward loop that predicted pulsatile, “gatekeeper” behavior for the cytokine IL-1α—a behavior that was indeed observed in preliminary studies in mice subjected to T/ HS. An initial ordinary differential equation (ODE) model was constructed to analyze this behavior in further detail. Simulated trajectories of cytokines and chemokines in the ODE model corresponded closely with the data. Conclusions: Data-driven (DBN) and mechanistic (ODE) analyses suggest a novel inflammatory circuit with a central role for IL-1α in T/HS and hepatocyte hypoxia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.10.029
The adsorption dynamics of small alkanes on (111) surfaces of platinum group metals

Abstract The adsorption dynamics of methane, ethane, propane, and n -butane on Ni(1 1 1) as well as methane and n -butane on Pd(1 1 1) have been investigated using super-sonic molecular beam techniques, and stochastic trajectory simulations. For each alkane the initial adsorption probability was measured as a function of incident energy and incident angle, and compared with corresponding values for other alkanes on Pd(1 1 1) and Pt(1 1 1). In general, at a fixed incident energy and angle, the trapping probability is highest on Pd(1 1 1), followed by Pt(1 1 1) and Ni(1 1 1), a result which deviates from the prediction of simple mass matching arguments [Surf. Sci. 187 (1987) 67]. The lower binding energy of the alkanes and the higher lattice force constant for Ni(1 1 1) compared with Pt(1 1 1) and Pd(1 1 1) give rise to the lower trapping probability. Three-dimensional stochastic trajectory simulations for alkane trapping on the three metals clearly indicate that incoming molecules lose considerable energy to Pd lattice vibrations, resulting in a high trapping probability. On the other hand, the stiffer Ni lattice prevents the excitation of surface phonons, consistent with experimental results. A simple scaling principle based only on surface masses and Debye temperatures was applied to scale the trapping probabilities of methane, ethane, and propane on Pd(1 1 1) and Ni(1 1 1) from that on Pt(1 1 1), and quantitative agreement was obtained within about 30%.
Nitrogen deposition potentially contributes to oak regeneration failure in the Midwestern temperate forests of the USA

We conducted a 7-year field study at two oak-dominated forest sites which differ in their atmospheric N deposition to test the hypothesis that red oak regeneration failure in the upper Midwestern US forests, at least in part, results from increased N load. The sites are located in Swallow Cliffs (SC) in Cook County, Illinois, and Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (IDNL) in Porter County, Indiana. Annual wet NO3 − deposition for the 22 years immediately prior to the experiments was significantly higher in IDNL than in the SC site. Results from common garden experiments showed that oak seedling biomass was 60 % lower at IDNL compared with SC, but there was little site effect on growth of maple seedlings. Experimental N addition also resulted in a 45 % decrease in the total biomass of the oak seedlings at SC, but had no significant effect on the biomass at IDNL. Maple seedlings responded little to experimental fertilization. The growth rate of mature oak trees was also lower at IDNL but to a much smaller extent than that of seedlings. Maple trees did not significantly differ between sites. We conclude that: (1) chronic N load adversely affects seedling performance of red oak, but not sugar maple, in these temperate forests; and (2) the seedling establishment phase rather than the adult tree is the likely target stage for this adverse effect of N loading. The exact mechanisms for the differential effects of N on these co-occurring species are not clear, but different plasticity in fractional biomass and N allocation to the leaves might be involved.
Sixteen-Year Predictors of Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses for Patients with Mental Health Disorders

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). including co-occurring disorders, are among the highest-risk populations for medical and psychiatric rehospitalizations, and are often underdiagnosed at initial hospitalization. This study examined predictors for these individuals at baseline hospitalization and subsequent rehospitalizations. Three groups were compared from a sample of individuals admitted to inpatient psychiatry (1982 to 1987) with at least one rehospitalization within a 16-year period. Multivariate logistical regressions were used to determine associations with predictor variables. The data showed that individuals' diagnosed with a SUD after baseline hospitalization were more likely to have more medical hospitalizations and to be diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to those who were diagnosed with a SUD, including co-occurring disorders, at baseline. The results of this study indicate the importance of substance use screening to enhance service resources and treatment outcomes for medically and psychiatrically complex populations.
Successful Aging at Work: An Applied Study of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Through Impression Management

Although many abilities basic to human performance appear to decrease with age, research has shown that job performance does not generally show comparable declines. Baltes and Baltes (1990) have proposed a model of successful aging involving Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC), that may help explain how individuals maintain important competencies despite age-related losses. In the present study, involving a total of 224 working adults ranging in age from 40 to 69 years, occupational measures of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation through impression management (Compensation-IM) were developed. The three measures were factorially distinct and reliable (Cronbach's alpha > .80). Moderated regression analyses indicated that: (1) the relationship between Selection and self-reported ability/performance maintenance increased with age (p < or = .05); and (2) the relationship between both Optimization and Compensation-IM and goal attainment (i.e., importance-weighted ability/performance maintenance) increased with age (p < or = .05). Results suggest that the SOC model of successful aging may be useful in explaining how older workers can maintain important job competencies. Correlational evidence also suggests, however, that characteristics of the job, workplace, and individual may mediate the initiation and effectiveness of SOC behaviors.
Cost-effectiveness of the Boston keratoprosthesis.

Purpose To conduct a cost-utility analysis and determine the cost-effectiveness of the Boston Keratoprosthesis (Boston Kpro). Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods setting: The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary corneal service. patients: Inclusion required a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients with autoimmune diseases and chemical burns were excluded. Eighty-two patients were included with various indications for surgery. intervention: The keratoprosthesis is a collar button–shaped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) device consisting of 2 curved plates sandwiched around a corneal donor (allo)graft. The device is assembled intraoperatively and sutured to a patient's eye after removing the diseased cornea. main outcome measures: Average cost-effectiveness of the keratoprosthesis was determined by cost-utility analysis, using expected-value calculations and time-tradeoff utilities. The comparative effectiveness, or gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), was also sought. Cost-effectiveness was compared to recently published data on penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Results A total discounted incremental QALY gain for the Boston Kpro of 0.763 correlated with a conferred QALY gain of 20.3% for the average patient. The average cost-effectiveness of the keratoprosthesis was $16 140 per QALY. Conclusions Comparable to corneal transplantation, with a cost-effectiveness between $12 000 and $16 000 per QALY, the keratoprosthesis can be considered highly cost-effective.
Comparison of nail bed repair versus nail trephination for subungual hematomas in children

Fifty-three fingers in 52 children were divided into 2 groups, operative and nonoperative, after fingernail crush injury. Criteria for inclusion into the study were an intact nail and nail margin with subungual hematoma and no previous nail abnormality. The length of the follow-up period averaged longer than 2 years for each group. Twenty-six fingers in 26 children were treated by nail removal, exploration, and repair of nail bed lacerations (operative group). Twenty-seven fingers in 26 children were treated by evacuation of hematoma by nail trephination without nail removal in 11 fingers and by observation in the other 16 fingers (nonoperative group). In the operative group, transient abnormalities (nail depression or hypertrophy), which resolved by 4 months, occurred in 3 patients. In the group treated by simple decompression, there were no complications except for 1 transient nail depression at 3 months. The average cost to the operative group was $1,263 compared with $283 to the trephination group. Although formal nail bed reconstruction has been advocated for hematomas larger than 25%, we found no notable difference in outcome between the 2 groups regardless of hematoma size, presence of fracture, injury mechanism, or age. Charges, however, were 4 times greater for the operative group. Based on the results of this study, we do not feel that nail removal and nail bed exploration is indicated or justified for children with subungual hematoma and an intact nail and nail margin.