cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns in Use of Estuarine Habitat by Juvenile English Sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) in Four Eastern North Pacific Estuaries

English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) is one of a few commercially important marine fishes on the Pacific coast of North America that use estuarine areas as nurseries for juvenile stages. Trawl surveys of four United States Pacific Northwest estuaries were conducted to determine spatial patterns of juvenile English sole residence in estuaries during 1998–2000. Additional data from 1983–1988 were also analyzed. Two size classes of juvenile English sole were identified during surveys, with densities of small (Total length [TL] <50 mm) sole ranging from 0 to 11,300 fish ha−1 across all sites, and densities of large (TL 50–150 mm) sole ranging from 0 to 33,000 fish ha−1 across all sites. Principal components analysis of static habitat data collected at each trawl survey site was used to define habitat types within each estuary, and discriminant function analysis was used to test the resulting classification scheme. Both small and large cohort English sole used lower side channel locations at significantly higher densities than other estuarine areas. Small English sole also showed significant relationships with both bottom temperature and depth. These patterns in habitat use were consistent across all estuaries and indicate that English sole used shallow depth areas surrounded by extensive tidal flats, where temperatures were optimal for growth. The analysis also suggested a carrying capacity may exist for large English sole in nursery estuaries.
Mechanisms of O2 Sputtering from Water Ice by keV Ions

We have conducted experiments on the sputtering of water ice by 100 keV Ar(+) between 20 and 150 K. Our findings indicate that the temperature dependence of the total sputtering yield is heavily influenced by the thermal and irradiation history of the ice, showing a complex dependence on irradiation fluence that is correlated to the ejection of O2 molecules. The results suggest that O2 produced by the ions inside the ice diffuses to the surface where it is trapped and then ejected via sputtering or thermal desorption. A high concentration of O2 can trap in a subsurface layer during bombardment at 130 K, which we relate to the formation of hydrogen and its escape from that region. A simple model allows us to determine the depth profile of the absolute concentration of O2 trapped in the ice.
Involvement of multiple molecular events in methamphetamine‐induced neurodegeneration: evidence from cDNA array analysis

Methamphetamine (METH) is a neurotoxic drug of abuse that can cause terminal degeneration. Our laboratory recently showed that METH can also cause widespread apoptosis in the rodent brain. Current concepts of the molecular neurotoxicity of this illicit substance have earlier suggested the participation of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory processes and immediate early genes. Recent cDNA studies in our laboratory have hinted to the possibility that METH-induced neurodegeneration might also include the participation of cell death might also include the participation of cell death genes such as BAX and BCL-2. Activation of multiple caspases appears to also occur during METH-induced neurodegeneration. Furthermore, DNA repair pathways seem to also be involved in attempts to protect against METH-induced DNA damage. These results will be discussed in terms of the possible involvement of multiple transduction mechanisms in the appearance of METH neurotoxicity.
Historical Empathy as Perspective Recognition and Care in One Secondary Social Studies Classroom

This qualitative case study examined the place that historical empathy, as both a subjective and an objective endeavor, occupied in one teacher's instruction and her students' response. Data—collected over five months—include 29 hours of classroom observations in an Advanced Placement European History course, instructional artifacts, and interviews with the instructor and four of her 10th grade students. Findings indicate that the participating teacher promotes historical empathy as both perspective recognition and care through lecture, secondary source work, primary source work, and discussion. Each of the participating students demonstrated perspective recognition and care in the particular ways that their teacher sought to encourage; however, all of the students also exhibited failures of empathy at times. This study illustrates how various instructional practices might be used to promote historical empathy. It also sheds light on the complex interplay between the subjective and objective components of...
Leaf temperature and transpirational control in cotton

Abstract A thermal kinetic window is a temperature range that permits normal enzyme function in plants. We investigated transpiration behavior of cotton relative to its estimated thermal kinetic window (23.5–32°C) through the relationship between leaf and air temperatures, and plant water use. Transpirational cooling, monitored either by loss of soil moisture from weighed pots or by direct measurements of transpiration with a porometer, did not occur when cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Paymaster 404) leaf temperatures were below 24°C. When day or night air temperatures were higher than the upper limit of the thermal kinetic window, the plant temperature was maintained by transpirational cooling at or below 32°C. Data indicate that transpirational cooling occurs when leaf temperature exceeds the lower temperature of the thermal kinetic window. This reflects an in vivo stomatal thermal response that is related to the thermal optimum for enzyme function within the leaf. This transpirational cooling maintains leaves well within the temperature range for optimal enzyme function during non-water stressed conditions.
A lifecycle-based Method for the acquisition of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technology to support organizational processes

Organizations are seeking commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) information technology (IT) solutions to enable the innovation of business processes. The ability to acquire IT should impact how an organization designs its processes. Likewise, the design of processes should influence which IT solutions are selected. Selecting IT solutions that support the business processes of an organization is critical for aligning IT with organizational goals. A formal decision process is needed to enable organizations to make an effective decision about which COTS IT solutions it acquires and shapes its organization around. The Stakeholder Life Cycle Method for COTS Solutions (SLIC) was developed to support the lifecycle-based acquisition of COTS information technology (IT) solutions. A critical step in the lifecycle is the selection of COTS technology that will be used to enable the redesign of organizational processes. The SLIC method uses the IT requirements defined by a process model of the organization to create the criteria for the evaluation of potential IT solutions. The SLIC method was validated with a case study for a group of three newspaper publishing organizations located in southeastern Massachusetts. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 4: 287–304, 2001
TLR1/2, TLR7, and TLR9 Signals Directly Activate Human Peripheral Blood Naive and Memory B Cell Subsets to Produce Cytokines, Chemokines, and Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Recently, it has been reported that using multiple signals, murine and human B cells secrete several cytokines with pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. We present the first comprehensive analysis of 24 cytokines, chemokines, and hematopoietic growth factors production by purified human peripheral blood B cells (CD19+), and naive (CD19+CD27-) and memory (CD19+CD27+) B cells in response to direct and exclusive signaling provided by toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands Pam3CSK (TLR1/TLR2), Imiquimod (TLR7), and GpG-ODN2006 (TLR9). All three TLR ligands stimulated B cells (CD19+) to produce cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-13, and IL-10, and chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, IP-10, and IL-8. However, GM-CSF and G-CSF production was predominantly induced by TLR2 agonist. Most cytokines/chemokines/hematopoietic growth factors were predominantly or exclusively produced by memory B cells, and in general, TLR2 signal was more powerful than signal provided viaTLR7 and TLR9. No significant secretion of eotaxin, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-15, IL-17, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and TNF-β (lymphotoxin) was observed. These data demonstrate that human B cells can be directly activated viaTLR1/TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9 to induce secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and hematopoietic growth factors and suggest a role of B cells in immune response against microbial pathogenesis and immune homeostasis.
Results from the first World-Wide Web user survey

Abstract The explosion of World-Wide Web (WWW) across the Internet is staggering, both in terms of number of users and the amount of activity. However, to date, no reliable characterization exists of WWW users. In this paper, we report results from a survey that was posted on the Web for a month, in January of 1994. There were several goals motivating our survey. First, we wished to demonstrate a proof of concept for WWW technologies as a useful survey medium. Second, we wanted to beta-test the design and content of surveys dealing with the Web. Third, as mentioned, we hoped to begin to describe the range of Web users. In one month, we had over 4,700 respondents to our survey. Their responses helped us to begin to characterize WWW users, their reasons for using the WWW, and their opinions of WWW tools and technologies.
Model two-electron chemical bonds and the concept of electronegativity

Complete variationally correct calculations have been performed for model two-electron diatomic “molecules” using the Cottrell and Sutton Hamiltonian and Weinbaum, Wang and MO wave functions. Both homonuclear and heteronuclear systems have been studied. In homonuclear bonds between high Z atoms the MO function gives lower energies than the Wang function. The presence of ionic terms in the wave function is not necessary to show Pauling-type “ionic resonance energy stabilization” of heteronuclear molecules. The presence of ionic terms is important, however, to get the best energies, and is essential to achieve even approximately correct values of the dipole moments. The model systems predict that Pauling's correlation of dipole moments and electronegativity differences should show a dependence on χA+χB. This appears to be indicated by the experimental data.
Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium based on the absorption properties of the blue vanadyl ion

Abstract The spectrophotometer has been applied to the colorimetric determination of vanadium on the semi-micro scale by employing the absorption properties of the blue vanadyl ion. Vanadate solutions are acidified and reduced with sulfur dioxide to the vanadyl state. The blue color is table in sulfuric acid up to 10 N and in hydrochloric acid less than 1 N . The color is not stable in nitric or phosphoric acid. Small amounts of ferrous, chromic and uranyl ions do r.ot interfere. The method is rapid and the accuracy is good in the concentration range 0.5 to 3.0 mg of vanadium per ml.
Seroevidence for H5N1 Influenza Infections in Humans: Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of avian H5N1 influenza A infections in humans has not been definitively determined. Cases of H5N1 infection in humans confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) are fewer than 600 in number, with an overall case fatality rate of >50%. We hypothesize that the stringent criteria for confirmation of a human case of H5N1 by WHO do not account for a majority of infections but rather the select few hospitalized cases that are more likely to be severe and result in poor clinical outcome. Meta-analysis shows that 1 to 2% of more than 12,500 study participants from 20 studies had seroevidence for prior H5N1 infection.
Risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days: A new quality measure for children with sickle cell disease

Background The National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions (NACHRI) established hospital readmission within 30 days as a benchmark for quality care in children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Among children with SCD, limited data exists to identify risk factors for readmission and whether they are modifiable. Procedure We performed a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors for readmission. All admissions for children with SCD in a 1-year period were reviewed; cases were defined as children with SCD readmitted within 30 days after their first admission during the study period and controls, children with SCD who were not readmitted. Results We identified 30 cases and 70 controls. No difference in demographic data was found between groups. The most common admission and readmission diagnosis was pain, 78 and 70%, respectively. The greatest risk factor for readmission was no outpatient hematology follow-up within 30 days of discharge (OR 7.7, 95% CI 2.4–24.4). A diagnosis of asthma was also a risk factor for readmission (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–7.3). Patients who required supplemental oxygen to maintain saturations in the normal range and were on room air for ≤24 hr at discharge were also more likely to be readmitted (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–9.7). Multivariate analysis identified lack of outpatient follow-up and disease severity, defined as ≥3 admissions in the previous 12 months as predictors for readmission (R2 = 0.41). Conclusions Potentially modifiable risk factors exist to decrease the rate of readmission of children with SCD admitted to the hospital for pain. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:481–485. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Legume and tillage effects on prairie soil nitrogen and penetration resistance

Abstract Legumes provide benefit in crop rotations, but data are limited on soil inorganic nitrogen (N) and soil strength responses to spring‐ or fall‐seeded legumes as green manures for grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production on the prairie soils of the eastern Great Plains of the United States. With increased emphasis on conservation tillage, information is also needed on combining conservation tillage with the use of legume cover crops. This experiment was established to examine the effects of i) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) as previous crops to grain sorghum compared with continuous grain sorghum, ii) reduced or no‐tillage, and iii) fertilizer N rate on changes in soil inorganic N and soil strength. At two adjacent sites (Parsons silt loam; fine, mixed thermic Mollic Albaqualf) differing in initial pH and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertility, soil nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) was as much as fourfold higher following kill‐down of red clover o...
ImprocRAD software components for mammogram display and analysis

ImprocRAD is a software package for processing medical images generated by a radiology department. We first give a brief overview of the package and its components. In the context of the overview, we describe the components that we use for tasks related to mammogram display. These tasks are: Rapid display of mammogram image sets (240 Mbytes simultaneously memory resident) Re-sampling mammograms (speed vs. quality including full 2D cubic MMSE) Comparison of processing results (combining image matching with subtraction and difference metrics) Real-time processing including MTF compensation, region of interest showing full resolution Automated film-scanner calibration (an automated user interface for generating lookup tables) Timing and optimization tools (a stopwatch tool, trouble shooting window) In addition we will briefly describe the workstation we are using for mammogram display.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Bayesian model framework for calibrating ultrasonic in-line inspection data and estimating actual external corrosion depth in buried pipeline utilizing a clustering technique

Abstract In the petroleum industry, oil and gas pipeline operators routinely employ non-destructive in-line inspection (ILI) tools to perform integrity assessment, in which corrosion defects are detected, located and sized. However, the inspection technology is not perfect, and its accuracy is influenced by intrinsic measurement error of the ILI device as well as measurement noise. The quality of the inspection result should be assessed, and the inspection device should be calibrated before further assessment is performed. In the present work, a calibration model for an ultrasonic ILI device is proposed based on physical principles, and both systematic error and random error are able to be estimated. In addition to the errors from inspection devices, the soil environment introduces various uncertainties into the corrosion propagation. This paper presents a methodology to infer the actual corrosion defect depth based on detection theory and to account for the effect of soil property variation by combining cluster analysis with a Bayesian inferential framework. A numerical study on calibration uncertainty shows the influence of the number of field verifications. The proposed model framework is applied to a 110-km pipeline system to illustrate its application.
Lamb Shift in Hydrogen-Like Ions

Recent progress in the measurement of the Lamb shift S = E(2S1/2) − E(2P1/2) in hydrogenic atoms and ions has been made in two directions. An experimental value with a substantial increase in precision over previous values has been obtained for atomic hydrogen,1 and experimental values have been obtained for many higher-Z hydrogenic ions.2, 3 Quantum electrodynamics makes unambiguous predictions for the Lamb shift in these systems, so that a comparison between the theoretical and experimental values provides an important test of the theory. To aid in such a comparison, we compile here theoretical values for the various contributions to the Lamb shift for Z in the range 1–30. Compilations for small Z are given elsewhere,4–7 but we include here some additional corrections which are significant at higher Z.
A RE-EVALUATION OF COPIED AND RECALLED BENDER-GESTALT REPRODUCTIONS.

Abstract This study was designed to compare the copying and recall performances of the Bender-Gestalt of 80 psychiatric patients, falling into five diagnostic groups. To obtain a quantitative measure of the copying performance the Pascal and Suttell scoring system was utilized; however, lack of scoring items for design A and no really satisfactory recall scoring system led to a revised system which resulted in a significantly more discriminating system than Olin and Reznikoff's. Also the study yielded various quantitative and qualitative differences between the five diagnostic groups, the most significant being between the organic and the functional (schizophrenic, depressive, neurotic, and character disorder) sub-groups. Thus performance on the Bender, especially the quantitatively scored recall performance, can be used as a valid diagnostic instrument to differentiate organic from non-organic patients. Yet in each sub-group the various aspects of the Bender performance (copying score, recall score, and ...
Formation, dynamics, and impact of plasmaspheric plumes

Workshop on Plasmaspheric Drainage Plumes, Taos, New Mexico, 9–13 October 2006 Plasmaspheric plumes result from erosion of the plasmasphere. The Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) Workshop on Plasmaspheric Drainage Plumes was convened in Taos, N. M., on 9–13 October 2006 to examine outstanding questions about the formation and dynamics of plumes, and the impact of plumes on the near-Earth space environment (geospace). A second workshop on plasmaspheric drainage plumes is planned for late 2007.
A Slitless, Intensified Readout, Gated Spectrometer: Wavelength And Efficiency Calibration, Time Response Characterization

A spectrometer has been developed specifically for the x-ray laser effort at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The instrument takes advantage of the small divergence and size of the lasing source by positioning all three components - the source, a custom-ruled grating, and a microchannel plate (MCP) detector - on the Rowland circle. The sum of incident and diffracted angles is kept constant. Illuminating a pinhole at the source location with a z-pinch produces wavelength calibration at several energy ranges in the 65- to 200-eV interval. The same source used in conjunction with the MCP camera and Kodak 101 film yields the absolute detector efficiency. Ion bombardment of a beryllium target at the source location produces the x-rays necessary to determine the absolute efficiency of the grating-detector combination at 107 eV. Grating efficiency is then deduced from the MCP efficiency at that energy. Three 25-Ω stripline structures on the MCP allow sub-nanosecond gating of the spectrometer, which improves the signal-to-background ratio. The rise time response of the entire MCP detector-cable assembly is about 200 ps. We also measured the transmission of the filters that are used in suppressing ultraviolet backgrounds.
A novel dual-band bandpass filter using asymmetric stub-loaded stepped-impedance resonators

This paper presents a novel microstrip dual-band bandpass filter using asymmetric coupled stub-loaded stepped-impedance resonators (SLSIRs) at frequencies of 1 and 2.6 GHz. Each resonator is first designed and simulated to operate at the given frequencies. Then, they are coupled together while applying suitable coupling configurations at the input and output to improve the filter's performance. The filter's input reflection coefficients (S 11 ) are −11.2 and −12.9 dB and insertion loss (S 21 ) are −0.44 and −1.2 dB at the two design frequencies respectively. Numerical simulations are performed in the full-wave EM and circuit simulator ADS, which have verified the design concept.
Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1945–46

The variety of usage and even the confusion in the nomenclature and terminology of some fields of hydrology have been often remarked. The Committee on Runoff conceived the idea that it would be profitable to consider some of the terms which are especially pertinent to the field of runoff. That consideration was the principal Committee project of the past year and is featured in this report. The Chairman sent a letter to the members of the Committee that was planned to draw out a symposium of opinions on the subject. A good starting point seemed to be the classification of water on the Earth. Meinzer's well-known classification was given: atmospheric water, surface water, and subsurface or subterranean water. Comments were solicited.
Tuberculous brain abscess in a patient with HIV infection: case report and review.

S ince 1986, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States has been associated with a resurgence of tuberculosis, causing substantial mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). ‘z2 In particular, the increased incidence of extrapulmonary manifestations has complicated the diagnosis and early treatment of tuberculosis.3 Much of the resurgence has occurred among HIV-infected drug users in large cities, the diagnosis of tuberculosis often constituting their initial AIDS-defining condition.4a5 HIV infection in intravenous drug users increases the risk of active tuberculosis.‘j This most commonly results from the reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection, but the risk of disease from recent person-to-person transmission is also increased.7-‘0 Tuberculosis, in turn, accelerates the course of HIV disease progression.” Both HIV-infected individuals and injection-drug users are also at increased risk of disease caused by multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.‘2 Drug resistance increases the likelihood of treatment failure and relapse, and further spread of tuberculosis, thereby complicating both the treatment of infected individuals and the public health measures needed to control tuberculosis.‘3m17 The clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection varies considerably depending on the degree of immunosuppression, with atypical features occurring more frequently at low CD4 T lymphocyte counts.” Where immune function is preserved, classical chest radiograph findings of reactivation tuberculosis such as cavitation and upper-lobe infiltrates may occur. With HIV-induced immunosuppression, tuberculosis often involves diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusions, or hilar lymphadenopathy. Most strikingly, in patients with advanced HIV disease, there is a high frequency of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: extrathoracic lymphadenopathy, miliary disease, and central nervous
High HIV Incidence and Sexual Behavior Change among Pregnant Women in Lilongwe, Malawi: Implications for the Risk of HIV Acquisition

Background: HIV incidence is higher among pregnant women than their non-pregnant counterparts in some sub-Saharan African settings. Our aims were (1) to estimate HIV incidence during pregnancy and (2) to compare sexual activity between pregnant postpartum and non-pregnant women. Methods: We examined a retrospective cohort of 1087 women to identify seroconverters using antenatal and labor ward HIV test results. We also conducted a cross-sectional survey including a quantitative questionnaire (n = 200) and in-depth interviews (n = 20) among women in early pregnancy late pregnancy postpartum and non-pregnancy. Outcomes included measures of sexual activity reported spouses risky behavior and beliefs about abstinence. Results: 11 of 1087 women seroconverted during pregnancy yielding a 1% seroconversion risk and an incidence rate of 4.0/100 person years (95% CI 2.2-7.2). The reported sexual activity of the early pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups was similar but significantly higher than the late pregnancy and postpartum groups (p = 0.001). During pregnancy sex acts decreased as gestation increased (p = 0.001). There was no reported difference in the spouses risky behavior. Most women believed that sex should cease between the 6th and 8th month of pregnancy and should not resume until 6 months postpartum. Some talked about conflict between their cultural obligation to abstain and fear of HIV infection if their spouses find other partners. Conclusions: HIV incidence is high among pregnant women in Malawi and sexual activity decreases during pregnancy and postpartum. Pregnant women need to be informed of their increased risk for HIV and the importance of using condoms throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Effects of nanoscale voids on the sensitivity of model energetic materials

Because of its importance in designing safer, more reliable explosives the shock to detonation transition in condensed phase energetic materials has long been a subject of experimental and theoretical study. This transition is thought to involve local hot-spots which represent regions in the material which couple efficiently to the shock wave leading to a locally higher temperature and ultimately initiation. However, how at the atomic scale energy is transferred from the shock front into these local “hot spots” remains a key question to be answered in studies of the predetonation process. In this paper we report results of molecular dynamics simulations that suggest that even nanometer scale defects can play an important role in the shock to detonation transition.
Artists And The Environment: A Report From The 81st College Art Association Conference In Seattle

Examination of the change in environmental consciousness concerning earthworks between the 1960s and the present day
Helically propagating modes in InGaAs nanoneedle lasers grown on poly-silicon and silicon substrates

InGaAs nanoneedle lasers were grown on both polycrystalline-Si and (100)-Si substrates by low temperature (400 °C) MOCVD. Measured near field mode patterns agree well with FDTD simulations, confirming helically propagating modes as lasing modes.
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Local Magnitudes in Alaska and Aleutians and Comparison with Body-Wave and Moment Magnitudes

Abstract We evaluated temporal and spatial variability of local magnitudes ( M L ) in the earthquake catalog of Alaska Earthquake Information Center. Regionally recorded hypocenters in mainland Alaska are available in the catalog beginning in the early 1970s. No comprehensive Aleutian-wide M L statistics exist prior to the mid-1990s. We identify four time intervals with similar magnitude residual trends between M L versus body-wave magnitude m b : 1971–1976, 1977–1989, 1990–1999.5, and 1999.5–2008. The three latter intervals are also identified in M L versus moment magnitude M w residual trends. These time intervals correspond to the periods with different data processing procedures. We find that the latest time interval has the best correspondence between M L and M w values in mainland Alaska, especially for shallow (depth M L versus m b and M L versus M w are present in the catalog. For the pre-1990 data, the largest discrepancies are observed for the Gulf of Alaska earthquakes. For the latest time period 1999.5–2008, the largest residuals between M L and m b or M w are observed for the earthquakes located within the oceanic segment of the Aleutian arc and within 100 km of the trench. We calculated a set of magnitude corrections for mainland Alaska and the Aleutians that need to be applied to homogenize magnitude values in the catalog in time and space.
Blood values of juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) obtained using a portable clinical analyzer.

Background — Sick, injured, or orphaned juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustisrostris) treated at rehabilitation centers frequently present with abnormalities in blood sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, and glucose concentrations, and HCT. These abnormalities could be detected rapidly using a portable blood analyzer, but the results with this analysis method do not necessarily equate with those obtained using other techniques. Objective — The objective of this study was to better assess the clinical relevance of blood values obtained from a portable analyzer and to compare the results with values obtained using more common methods of analysis. Methods — Heparinized whole blood samples were collected from 20 rehabilitated juvenile northern elephant seals. A portable clinical analyzer (i-STAT, i-STAT Corp, East Windsor, NJ, USA) was used to establish baseline values. Serum biochemical values were obtained using an automated chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU5200, Olympus America, Melville, NY, USA). HCT was determined using EDTA whole blood and a cell counter. Results — Using the portable analyzer, mean (minimum-maximum) values were obtained for sodium, 143 (132–146) mmol/L; potassium, 4.4 (3.9–5.8) mmol/L; chloride, 106 (101–109) mmol/L; BUN, 1.8 (1.1–2.4) mmol/L; glucose, 7.55 (5.99–8.49) mmol/L; and HCT, 0.55 (0.52–0.61) L/L. Average differences between methods were small for potassium (-0.45 mmol/L), BUN (0.1 mmol/L), and HCT (0.037 L/L) but were large for sodium (-6.8 mmol/L), chloride (-6.4 mmol/L), and glucose (-0.56 mmol/L). Conclusions — These results suggest that the i-STAT portable analyzer could be useful for clinically assessing juvenile elephant seals. However, when making medical decisions, the clinician should be aware of differences associated with various analyzers and sample types.
Changes in gray matter density in fibromyalgia: correlation with dopamine metabolism.

Abstract Fibromyalgia (FM) has been associated with alterations in brain morphometry and abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission. Evidence from preclinical models has demonstrated that dopamine plays a role in promoting neuronal integrity. We therefore sought to confirm previous findings of reduced gray matter density in subjects with FM and to determine whether variations in dopamine metabolism might affect gray matter density. Voxel-based morphometry was used to evaluate anatomical magnetic resonance imaging data from 30 female FM subjects in comparison with 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. In addition, data from a subset of subjects from both groups who had previously participated in our positron emission tomography study using radiolabeled DOPA (n = 14; 6 FM subjects and 8 control subjects) was used to determine whether correlation might exist between gray matter density and dopamine metabolism. We found a significant reduction in gray matter density within the bilateral parahippocampal gyri, right posterior cingulate cortex, and left anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, a positive correlation was demonstrated between an index of dopamine metabolism from the ventral tegmental area wherein cell bodies of corticolimbic projection neurons originate and gray matter density, specifically in the bilateral parahippocampal gyri and left pregenual cortex. The current results confirm our previous findings that FM is associated with altered brain morphometry. Alterations in dopamine metabolism might contribute to the associated changes in gray matter density. Perspective Fibromyalgia is associated with reductions in gray matter density within brain regions ostensibly involved in phenomena related to the disorder, including enhanced pain perception, cognitive dysfunction, and abnormal stress reactivity. Given mounting evidence of abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with the disorder, the strong correlation between dopamine metabolism and gray matter density provides insight as to the pathophysiology that might contribute to these changes.
Dispersal and Establishment of New Populations of the Biological Control Agent Floracarus perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) on Old World Climbing Fern, Lygodium microphyllum (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae)

Summary The mite Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki & Boczek (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), a biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae), Old World climbing fern, was released in south Florida from 2008 to 2010 but did not readily establish in the field. The original release sites were re surveyed in 2013 and the mite has established within Jonathan Dickinson State Park and has dispersed to L. microphyllum patches outside the park at a rate of 3.5 ± 0.6 km/yr. The mite has also dispersed to the Cape Sable region of Everglades National Park.
Mikro-Drahtelektroden in der Polarographie und bei amperometrischen Titrationen

Es wird eine Ubersicht uber die analytische Anwendung von stationaren und rotierenden Draht-Elektroden gegeben. Die rotierende Platin-Elektrode ist fur die Analyse von Spuren von Thallium(I) und Kupfer(II) in sulfithaltigen ammoniakalischen Losungen anwendbar.
A Comparison of Tobacco-Related Risk Factors Between Adolescents With and Without Cancer

Introduction To compare preadolescents with and without cancer on current smoking status, future intentions to smoke, and tobacco-related risk factors, as well as to explore the relationship between cancer status and tobacco-related variables with intentions.
Reconfigurable embedded MAC core design for low-power coarse-grain FPGA

A reconfigurable multiplier design for low-power field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is presented. Power consumption reduction is achieved through varying the depth of pipeline of the multiplier. The multiplier incorporates a capability of configuring itself dynamically, thus, is suitable for FPGA type of design.
Approximate Structural Matching over Ordered XML Documents

There is an increasing need for an XML query engine that not only searches for exact matches to a query but also returns "query-like" structures. We have designed and developed XFinder, an efficient top K tree pattern query evaluation system, which reduces the problem of approximate tree structural matching to a simpler problem of subsequence matching. However, since not all subsequences correspond to valid tree structures, it is expensive to enumerate common subsequences between XML data and query and then filter the invalid ones. XFinder addresses this challenge by detecting and pruning structurally irrelevant subsequence matches as early as possible. Experiments show the efficiency of XFinder on various data and query sets.
Moist Static Energy Budget of the MJO during DYNAMO

Theauthors analyzethe column-integratedmoist static energybudgetover theregionof the tropical Indian Ocean covered by the sounding array during the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011 (CINDY2011)/Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field experiment in late 2011. The analysis is performed using data from the sounding array complemented by additional observational datasets for surface turbulent fluxes and atmospheric radiative heating. The entire analysis is repeated using the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). The roles of surface turbulent fluxes, radiative heating, and advection are quantified for the two MJO events that occurred in October and November using the sounding data; a third event in December is also studied in the ERA-Interim data. These results are consistent with the view that the MJO’s moist static energy anomalies grow and are sustained to a significant extent by the radiative feedbacks associated with MJO water vapor and cloud anomalies and that propagation of the MJO is associated with advection of moist static energy. Both horizontal and vertical advection appear to play significant roles in the events studied here. Horizontal advection strongly moistens the atmosphere during the buildup to the active phase of the October event when the lowlevel winds switch from westerly to easterly. Horizontal advection strongly dries the atmosphere in the wake of the active phases of the November and December events as the westerlies associated with off-equatorial cyclonic gyres bring subtropical dry air into the convective region from the west and north. Vertical advection provides relative moistening ahead of the active phase and drying behind it, associated with an increase of the normalized gross moist stability.
An adaptive time-domain integral equation method for transient analysis of wire scatterer

An adaptive, implicit, multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) algorithm is applied to solve the integro-differential equation arising from the canonical straight thin wire scattering problem. The Haar wavelet system is adopted for the expansion of the induced current along the wire responding to a Gaussian pulsed plane wave electrical field. The results from our marching-on-in-time (MOT) method are compared with those from time-domain moment method where pulse basis functions are utilized. The wavelet system provides an adaptive solution to the transient problem, reducing computational cost, both in time and storage, with a controllable level of accuracy.
Development of an on-line scintillation flow-cell detection system with pulse shape discrimination for quantification of actinides

A flow-cell detection system was developed utilizing pulse shape discrimination as a means of reducing the beta (gamma-ray) background when quantifying alpha emitters. Flow-cells consisting of 63-90 /spl mu/m particles of CaF/sub 2/:Eu, scintillating glass (GS-20), and BaF/sub 2/ were each packed into translucent Teflon tubing. CaF/sub 2/:Eu and GS-20 exhibited only marginal pulse shape resolution, achieving figures of merit, (FOM) of 0.46 and 0.27, respectively. BaF/sub 2/ exhibited reasonable pulse shape resolution, FOM=0.75. Unfortunately, the presence of intrinsic alpha emitters in CaF/sub 2/:Eu and BaF/sub 2/ resulted in an elevated background count rate in the alpha window. Coupled with a detection efficiency of /spl sim/50% for /sup 233/U (E/sub /spl alpha//=4.8 MeV) alpha particles, minimum detectable activities at the optimal pulse shape time discriminator setting were 0.6 Bq for CaFa/sub 2/:Eu and BaF/sub 2/ and 1.1 Bq for GS-20. >
Preface: A Millennial View of Ecology and Systematics, and ARES at Age 30

The convention of a temporal millennium reflects, among other matters, the historical decision of the West to use a decimal arithmetic. Arbitrary and artificial as observance of a millennial ending may be, it nevertheless provides an occasion for celebrations, as well as invitations for examining the past. I am pleased to respond to an invitation to discuss some of our better efforts in past time, although social and political incompetence in the second Christian millennium also invites comment. Selected fragments of the history of biology, especially of ecology and systematics, are my focus; ultimately I aim at a paternal assessment of this Annual Review.
Urban Voters, Racial Attitudes, and Neighborhood Context: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2005 Los Angeles Mayoral Election

How does neighborhood context affect the relationship between individual racial identity, racial attitudes, and vote choice in an urban mayoral election? Although there have been many studies about racial context, racial attitudes and political behavior, for a variety of reasons, including methodological complexities and lack of quality contextual exit poll data, few studies have focused on vote choice in an urban election. Using exit poll data from the 2005 Los Angeles election, multilevel logistic random slope models are developed to explore the relationship between vote choice, racial attitudes, and neighborhood context. Results indicate significant variation across neighborhoods in the effects of race and racial attitudes, as well as significant contextual and cross-level effects on vote choice.
Metabolic radiolabeling of glycoconjugates.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on metabolic labeling of glycoconjugates in cells. Preparative labeling is performed following the choice of a specific radiolabeled precursor and the optimization of labeling conditions. The labeled glycoconjugate of interest is then isolated, and identification and separation of individual glycosylation sites may be necessary. Structural analyses can then be carried out on the labeled oligosaccharides. Selection of a labeled monosaccharide precursor is based mainly on the efficiency of uptake and the type of glycoconjugate to be labeled. The labeling can either be carried out for a long time or for a short time. When studying glycoconjugates in established tissue culture cell lines, it is often desirable to label the molecules to allow structural characterization. Whenever feasible, such molecules should be labeled as close as possible to “equilibrium,” under conditions of normal growth of the cells. True equilibrium labeling is defined as reaching a constant level of radioactivity per mass unit of a given monosaccharide in all the glycoconjugates in the cell. In some situations, it is desirable to label the glycoconjugate of interest briefly, for a pulse-chase study, usually meant to establish precursor–product relationships.
Using degrees of rate control to improve selective n-butane oxidation over model MOF-encapsulated catalysts: sterically-constrained Ag3Pd(111)

Metal nanoparticles encapsulated within metal organic frameworks (MOFs) offer steric restrictions near the catalytic metal that can improve selectivity, much like in enzymes. A microkinetic model is developed for the regio-selective oxidation of n-butane to 1-butanol with O2 over a model for MOF-encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles. The model consists of a Ag3Pd(111) surface decorated with a 2-atom-thick ring of (immobile) helium atoms which creates an artificial pore of similar size to that in common MOFs, which sterically constrains the adsorbed reaction intermediates. The kinetic parameters are based on energies calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The microkinetic model was analysed at 423 K to determine the dominant pathways and which species (adsorbed intermediates and transition states in the reaction mechanism) have energies that most sensitively affect the reaction rates to the different products, using degree-of-rate-control (DRC) analysis. This analysis revealed that activation of the C–H bond is assisted by adsorbed oxygen atoms, O*. Unfortunately, O* also abstracts H from adsorbed 1-butanol and butoxy as well, leading to butanal as the only significant product. This suggested to (1) add water to produce more OH*, thus inhibiting these undesired steps which produce OH*, and (2) eliminate most of the O2 pressure to reduce the O* coverage, thus also inhibiting these steps. Combined with increasing butane pressure, this dramatically improved the 1-butanol selectivity (from 0 to 95%) and the rate (to 2 molecules per site per s). Moreover, 40% less O2 was consumed per oxygen atom in the products. Under these conditions, a terminal H in butane is directly eliminated to the Pd site, and the resulting adsorbed butyl combines with OH* to give the desired 1-butanol. These results demonstrate that DRC analysis provides a powerful approach for optimizing catalytic process conditions, and that highly selectivity oxidation can sometimes be achieved by using a mixture of O2 and H2O as the oxidant. This was further demonstrated by DRC analysis of a second microkinetic model based on a related but hypothetical catalyst, where the activation energies for two of the steps were modified.
Polarized: When Catastrophic Climate Change and Antisocial Capital Collide in Three Arctic Villages

A flowering of recent research has sought to demonstrate that an abundance of social capital in at-risk communities is the key to individual and collective resilience, adaptation, and even survival in a crisis. Surprisingly little work, however, has investigated the conditions under which social capital might also contribute to social and institutional paralysis in times of sustained uncertainty and upheaval, and particularly in response to the increasingly salient global climate crisis. This research draws upon fieldwork in three of climate change's most endangered canaries in the coal mine - Russia, Alaska, and Canada - to elaborate those conditions. I employ interviews, participant observation, and original survey and experimental data to build upon third face of power theories and show that good social capital can go very, very bad in communities that have have historically been engineered into acquiescence at the hands of a disempowering state. If the conventional wisdom holds that social capital is an asset to communities in crisis because it builds trust, encourages reciprocity, facilitates collective action, and encourages creative problem-solving and institutional innovation, I want to suggest that, under certain conditions of permanent, routinized crisis, social capital actually becomes a critical barrier to change by imposing coercive norms, incentivizing community sanctioning, polarizing debate, and rewarding and reifying the status quo.
Deciphering the Cellular Targets of Bioactive Compounds Using a Chloroalkane Capture Tag

Phenotypic screening of compound libraries is a significant trend in drug discovery, yet success can be hindered by difficulties in identifying the underlying cellular targets. Current approaches rely on tethering bioactive compounds to a capture tag or surface to allow selective enrichment of interacting proteins for subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. Such methods are often constrained by ineffective capture of low affinity and low abundance targets. In addition, these methods are often not compatible with living cells and therefore cannot be used to verify the pharmacological activity of the tethered compounds. We have developed a novel chloroalkane capture tag that minimally affects compound potency in cultured cells, allowing binding interactions with the targets to occur under conditions relevant to the desired cellular phenotype. Subsequent isolation of the interacting targets is achieved through rapid lysis and capture onto immobilized HaloTag protein. Exchanging the chloroalkane tag f...