cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Health Storytelling in Spanish-Language Television from a Communication Infrastructure Theory Perspective

Latinos are at high risk for many health problems, yet they are often missed by traditional health communication campaigns that tend to deploy messages through general audience channels. New immigrant Latinos living in Los Angeles indicate a strong connection to Spanish-language television for health and medical information, but the quantity and quality of health information provided through such programming has not been systematically evaluated. Grounded in communication infrastructure theory, a content analysis of Spanish-language television news and talk shows was conducted to examine the nature of health coverage. As a primary health source for the Los Angeles Latino community, Spanish-language television could serve an important role in helping Latinos overcome health disparities by connecting them to a health storytelling network. However, findings show that the programs analyzed do not adequately connect viewers to other health storytellers or personalize information in such a way that may prompt i...
Lead Diversification 2: Application to P38, gMTP and lead compounds

Lead Diversification is a new technology platform developed at Pfizer for the functionalization of drug molecules using C–H activation. We describe its application to some drug programs such as P38 and gMTP and the development of some new plate based screens including a fluorination screen.
Kinship at the intersection of lineage and linguistics: a study of Hmong relatedness in Western contexts

For social scientists, kinship has traditionally meant genealogical relations as defined by procreation, separating those who are genealogically related to each other from those who aren't. Today, anthropologists are interested in understanding specific local and indigenous conceptions of human relatedness – how the biological and social converge to make different constructions and experiences of kinship. This paper extends that examination to the contemporary Hmong who came as refugees to Texas and Gammertingen, Germany, examining the ways connections and disconnections of relatedness have come to be understood not only in terms of blood and clan, but also in terms of dialect. This paper theoretically situates the Hmong idea of kinship in these two localities as a reintegration of the more descent-centered Freedmanian model and one of the more modern models that include dialect variation in lineage.
Assessing the Regioselectivity of OleD-Catalyzed Glycosylation with a Diverse Set of Acceptors

To explore the acceptor regioselectivity of OleD-catalyzed glucosylation, the products of OleD-catalyzed reactions with six structurally diverse acceptors flavones— (daidzein), isoflavones (flavopiridol), stilbenes (resveratrol), indole alkaloids (10-hydroxycamptothecin), and steroids (2-methoxyestradiol)—were determined. This study highlights the first synthesis of flavopiridol and 2-methoxyestradiol glucosides and confirms the ability of OleD to glucosylate both aromatic and aliphatic nucleophiles. In all cases, molecular dynamics simulations were consistent with the determined product distribution and suggest the potential to develop a virtual screening model to identify additional OleD substrates.
Limited factor substitutability, economic dualism, and non-saving constraints on growth

Abstract Limited substitutability has previously been defined as responsiveness of factor proportions within a certain factor-price range only, or as fixed coefficients in some sectors combined with variable proportions in others. This article explores a third definition: substitutability between some factors, combined with complementarity between those and other factors. The notion of economic dualism is thereby expanded to encompass a possible surplus not only of labor, but of any resource. The conclusion is that a non-saving constraint does not require fixed coefficients across the board, the economic dualism may therefore emerge even when commodity and factor markets are competitive.
Noninvasive assessment of treatment of cardiac allograft rejection with indium-111-labeled lymphocytes.

We have shown previously that cardiac allograft rejection can be detected noninvasively with gamma scintigraphy after administration of indium-111 (111In)-labeled lymphocytes. To determine whether this technique could be used to monitor salvage immunosuppressive therapy in reversing rejection, 5 dogs were studied after thoracic heterotopic cardiac transplantation. Initial postoperative immunosuppression was maintained with cyclosporine (10-20 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days after transplantation and then discontinued. Scintigraphy after administration of labeled lymphocytes was performed during initial immunosuppression and every 3 days after its termination. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained on each day scintigraphy was performed. Once scintigraphic criteria for rejection were met (111In-lymphocyte uptake greater than mean +/- 2SD of normal myocardium), animals were treated with high dose methylprednisolone and cyclosporine. Myocardial 111In-lymphocyte activity compared with that in blood was 0.7 +/- 0.8 during initial immunosuppression, increased to 5.7 +/- 3.5 after termination of therapy (P less than 0.01), and diminished with salvage immunosuppressive therapy to 0.5 +/- 0.8 (P = NS compared with native hearts or allografts during initial immunosuppression). Scintigraphy accurately predicted all but one episode of biopsy-documented rejection and accurately detected reversal of rejection during salvage. Thus, scintigraphy with 111In-labeled lymphocytes should facilitate noninvasive monitoring of antirejectionmore » therapy in patients.« less
Oxygen lability of cysteine in hemoglobin.

Abstract This study extends and confirms the work of others showing that hemoglobin is very labile to oxidation. The significant loss of solubility of the oxidized dry hemoglobin indicates denaturation of the protein. To ascertain which part of the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the oxidation, hemin and the oxygen-labile amino acids in the presence of ferric chloride have been exposed to oxygen in the dry state. Among them, cysteine and histidine have been shown to be oxygen-labile. The oxidation product of cysteine is cystine. There was a significant loss of sulfhydryl groups in hemoglobin after oxidation. Also, the largest portion of the oxygen uptake can be inhibited by blocking the sulfhydryl groups. This inhibition is an approximate function of the number of sulfhydryl groups blocked. The sulfhydryl group of hemoglobin is the most labile group to oxygen in the dry state and in solution. In the dry state, the rate of the oxidation is increased with increasing temperature and with increasing pH of the hemoglobin solutions before the freeze-drying.
Effects of Body Size, Diet, and Mating on the Fecundity and Longevity of the Goldspotted Oak Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

ABSTRACT The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive wood-borer that was recently introduced into southern California from southern Arizona, and has caused the rapid mortality of thousands of native oaks. Biological control of A. auroguttatus is a management strategy of high interest, but is in its early stages, which is due, in part, to a lack of information on the basic biology and life history of this beetle. To address this shortcoming, studies were conducted in quarantine on the realized lifetime fecundity of A. auroguttatus, which was determined by comparing oviposition and larval emergence rates of females subjected to different dietary and mating treatments. Longevity and body size were also recorded for male and female adults under these treatments. Mean A. auroguttatus lifetime oviposition and larval emergence were similar in females that were continuously paired with either one or two males. Virgin females laid significantly fewer eggs and...
Copulatory behavior of wild-trapped and laboratory-reared cactus mice (Peromyscus eremicus) from two natural populations.

Copulatory behavior was observed in 4–6 tests of each of 24 male-female pairs of cactus mice, Peromyscus eremicus. Mice .were from two different natural populations and both wild-trapped and laboratory-reared. They showed long latencies to initiate copulation. Multiple intromissions with intra-vaginal thrusting always preceded ejaculation. Only one ejaculation occurred in most tests. Locking was observed on 3.5% or all copulations. Copulatory pattern showed little variation as a function of population and rearing condition. A total of 62.8% of all copulations occurred in incomplete series after the last ejaculation and sperm transfer. It is proposed that these “post ejaculatory copulations” may either be necessary for induction of neuroendocrine reflexes in the female or increase male reproductive success by reducing the likelihood that the female will mate with a different male.
Human motion tracking and estimation of critical points of GGVF of human body for behavior recognition

Human motion tracking and analysis have received increasing attention for motion capture and human behavior recognition, which aim to extract useful information such as position, pose, and velocity of a moving human body from image sequences (video). This paper proposed a new human motion tracking method which searches critical points of generalized gradient vector flow (GGVF) around the skeleton of a human body. We focus on the motion analysis of critical points since it reveals the essential movement of the observed object. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can extract crucial information of the dynamic body motions.
Morbidity in children and adolescents after surgical correction of interrupted aortic arch.

Previous studies of outcome after operative correction of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) have focused on mortality and rates of reintervention. We sought to investigate the clinical status of children and adolescents after surgery for IAA. A cross-sectional study of subjects with IAA between the ages of 8 and 18 years was performed with the subjects undergoing simultaneous genetic testing, electrocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and assessment of health status and health-related quality of life as well as concurrent retrospective cohort study reviewing their postoperative use of medical care, including operative and transcatheter reinterventions, noncardiac surgeries, and hospitalizations. Twenty-one subjects with IAA with median age of 9 years were studied. Reintervention rates were 38 % for left-ventricular outflow tract, 33 % for AA, and 24 % for both. Rates of reintervention were highest in the first year of life and decreased in subsequent years. Left-ventricular ejection fraction was preserved (72 ± 6 %). Maximal oxygen consumption, maximal work, and forced vital capacity were both significantly decreased from age and sex norms (p < 0.0001). Health status and quality of life were both severely decreased. Subjects with IAA demonstrate a significant burden of operative and transcatheter intervention and large magnitude deficits in exercise performance, health status, and health-related quality of life.
The enthalpy of solution of gaseous hydrogen iodide in water, and the relative apparent molar enthalpies of hydriodic acid

Abstract The standard enthalpy change for solution of gaseous hydrogen iodide in water was found by direct solution calorimetry to be ΔH soln o (298.15K) = −(19905 ± 20) cal th mol −1 . This result confirms the difference between the values for ΔH f o (HI, g) and ΔH f o (HI, aq) selected by the CODATA task group. In addition, values for L φ , the relative apparent molar enthalpy, were obtained over the molality range 0 to 18 mol kg −1 from measurements of enthalpies of dilution.
THE PARTIAL INDEPENDENCE OF SKIN POTENTIAL AND SKIN RESISTANCE FROM SWEATING.

Results of three experiments were as follows: 1. After a 3-ma DC current of 10-min duration through the palmar skin, skin potential (SP) basal level is reduced in negativity and the positive wave of the SP response eliminated with no change in sweating (Sw) or skin resistance (SR). This demonstrates that SP basal level and the occurrence of the positive wave are not dependent on Sw or SR. 2. Placing a potential between the SP electrodes to vary SP basal potential will produce variations in response wave form, amplitude and latency. An induced potential comparable to that used in SR recording will produce SP responses of large amplitude. This suggests that the SP and SR represent different aspects of the same physiological processes. The effects of a DC current through the skin and exsanguination can be overcome by varying the SP basal potential. These results further demonstrate that SP responses are a function of SP basal level. 3. After atropinization, SP and SR return to their initial levels faster than Sw. It is concluded that SP and SR are partially produced by a process separate from Sw. Methodology, Human, Palmar sweating. Skin resistance. Skin potential, Atropine, Cholinergic, Exsanguination, Electrophoresis. (R. C. Wilcott)
Joining up: Did military service in the early all volunteer era affect subsequent civilian income?☆

Abstract Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth, we examine the long-term implications of military service for men’s income. We show strong variations in the effect of military service according to race and education. We do so while considering the effect of military service on the income trajectories of men and including a series of controls for selectivity. We find that while serving in the military, young men from disadvantaged backgrounds earn more than their civilian counterparts. Upon discharge, however, the income premium associated with military service tends to dissipate, and for White veterans with at least a high school degree, an income deficit results.
Bioanalytical method for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of the GCP-II inhibitor 2-phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA).

Abstract 2-Phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) is a potent and selective inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase-II, an enzyme which catabolizes the abundant neuropeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate. 2-PMPA demonstrates robust efficacy in numerous animal models of neurological disease, however its pharmacokinetics has not yet been fully described. 2-PMPA is a highly polar compound with multiple negative charges causing significant challenges for analysis in biological matrices. Here we report a derivatization method for the acidic groups that involved protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by reaction with N-tert-butyldimethysilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). The silylated analyte with transitions (683→551.4) and the internal standard (669→537.2) were monitored by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray positive ionization mode. The method was subsequently used to evaluate 2-PMPA pharmacokinetics in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg 2-PMPA resulted in maximum concentration in plasma of 275 μg/mL at 0.25 h. The half-life, area under the curve, apparent clearance, and volume of distribution were 0.64 h, 210 μg × h/mL, 7.93 mL/min/kg, and 0.44 L/kg, respectively. The tissue/plasma ratios in brain, sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglion were 0.018, 0.120 and 0.142, respectively. In summary, a sensitive analytical method for 2-PMPA is reported that can be employed for similarly charged molecules.
Adding radiotherapy to endocrine therapy improved survival in locally advanced prostate cancer

Source Citation Widmark A, Klepp O, Solberg A, et al. Endocrine treatment, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/SFUO-3): an open randomised phase III trial. Lan...
The State of the Economy: Neo-logicism and Inflation

ion, Hume’s Principle, satisfy this requirement. ([2000], p. 120) He adds in a footnote that: . . . it might seem that strong inflation is bound to give rise to a version of Cantor’s paradox. It might also be thought that if an abstraction is strongly inflationary, then there could be no hope of showing that it is satisfiable, i.e. has a model.
A novel tRNA variable number tandem repeat at human chromosome 1q23.3 is implicated as a boundary element based on conservation of a CTCF motif in mouse

The human genome contains numerous large tandem repeats, many of which remain poorly characterized. Here we report a novel transfer RNA (tRNA) tandem repeat on human chromosome 1q23.3 that shows extensive copy number variation with 9–43 repeat units per allele and displays evidence of meiotic and mitotic instability. Each repeat unit consists of a 7.3 kb GC-rich sequence that binds the insulator protein CTCF and bears the chromatin hallmarks of a bivalent domain in human embryonic stem cells. A tRNA containing tandem repeat composed of at least three 7.6-kb GC-rich repeat units reside within a syntenic region of mouse chromosome 1. However, DNA sequence analysis reveals that, with the exception of the tRNA genes that account for less than 6% of a repeat unit, the remaining 7.2 kb is not conserved with the notable exception of a 24 base pair sequence corresponding to the CTCF binding site, suggesting an important role for this protein at the locus.
Tumour biomarker expression relative to age and molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer

Tumour biomarker expression relative to age and molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer
The world out there: spectacle and exposure in Perhaps Love

Despite achieving significant success at the box office, academic considerations of Peter Ho-sun Chan's 2005 musical, Perhaps Love, have mostly focused on it as an example of pan-Asian film production and marketing. This article, in contrast, offers a close reading that explores Perhaps Love's engagement with musical film genre conventions, principally the tension created between spectacle and integration, and places this in the context of other recent examples of the musical genre, especially Moulin Rouge! The metacinematic features of the film-within-a-film structure that Perhaps Love adopts, likewise, highlight performance and self-promotion/exposure that are also prominent characteristics of the musical genre. Finally, this article considers gender relations in the musical, noting Perhaps Love's modification of generic conventions in its refusal to consummate the romantic relationship as well as the differing fates of the male and female protagonists.
Deformable Mirror As A Phase Aberration Corrector For Fusion Beam Trains

At Rocketdyne, we have written an interactive 2-D diffraction beam train computer code which is used to predict the corrective capabilities of deformable mirror adaptive optics on lower order aberrations introduced by imperfections in optical components and by slight system misalignment. Operationally, this code utilizes the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm for beam propagation, specifies optical component aberrations in terms of Zernike polynomial series as synthesized from their interferograms or in terms of a multivariate distribution random phase generator, and corrects the accumulated aberration with a continuous deformable mirror whose actuators are modeled by bicubic splines. System performance is described in terms of the Strehl ratio, irradiance, and the encircled energy distribution on the fusion target. This code is being used to conduct a conceptual design and trade-off study on the merits of using deformable mirror adaptive optics for the Helios fusion laser system at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, at infrared and at ultraviolet wavelengths.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Inclusion of peripancreatic lymph node cells prevents recurrent autoimmune destruction of islet transplants: Evidence of donor chimerism

Background. Recurrent autoimmune β-cell destruction may contribute to the poor results of clinical islet transplantation. Pancreas transplants from diabetes-resistant BB rats (BB-DR) are uniformly successful in autoimmune diabetic BB rats (BB-Ac), but isolated islets are destroyed, despite immunosuppression. In this study we tested the hypothesis that whole pancreas transplants abrogate autoimmunity by passive transfer to the host of an autoregulatory T-cell subset. Methods. BB-Ac rats served as recipients of BB-DR or Wistar Furth (WF) pancreas or islet transplants. Two cohorts of islet transplants included 50 or 100 x 10 6 peripancreatic lymph node cells (LNCs). Recipients were monitored for recurrent diabetes and subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes after 200 days by using monoclonal antibodies to class I, CD4, CD8, RT6.2, and RT6.1. Results. BB-DR pancreas transplants replete the RT6.1 + T-cell subset in BB-Ac rats, whereas BB-DR islet transplants, which are susceptible to recurrent autoimmunity, do not. Addition of 100 x 10 6 LNC results in repletion of RT6.1 to the same degree as the whole pancreas and leads to complete protection of the islets. WF pancreas transplants result in the appearance of RT6.2 + T cells in BB-Ac recipients, an RT allele that BB rats lack. Conclusions. BB-Ac rat recipients of whole pancreatic or islets plus LNCs transplants become chimeric for a donor T-cell population that prevents recurrent autoimmune diabetes. Deliberate inclusion of donor lymphoid cells with clinical islet transplants may be beneficial. (SURGERY 1995 ;118 :392-8.)
Addition of a Phosphorescent Dopant in Electroluminescent Devices from Ionic Transition Metal Complexes

Ionic transition metal complexes have emerged as promising candidates for applications in solid-state electroluminescent devices. This is due to the fact that a single, solution-processable layer sandwiched between two air-stable electrodes can yield high-efficiency devices. In this paper we demonstrate tuning of the emission of these devices in the red part of the spectrum by dispersing an ionic osmium complex into an ionic ruthenium complex matrix. This is shown to lead to devices that are more efficient than those from pristine films of the matrix or the dopant alone. These devices also show improved stability compared to devices based on the matrix and feature an emission spectrum that can be tuned by the concentration of the dopant.
Damping of isobaric analogue states

Abstract The spreading width of analogue states due to the Coulomb interactions in a nucleus is calculated. The coupling to single-particle, two-particle-one-hole and three-particle-two-hole configurations is considered. The effect of nuclear interactions is taken account in the large energy separation between the analogue and the configuration states (symmetry energy displacement) and in the natural distribution of the latter representing their fragmentation. The spreading widths are found to be small, less than 3 keV in 89 Y and 91 Nb.
Torsional Analysis of a Steel Cord‐Rubber Tire Belt Structure

Abstract A three‐dimensional (3D) beam finite element model was developed to investigate the torsional stiffness of a twisted steel‐reinforced cord‐rubber belt structure. The present 3D beam element takes into account the coupled extension, bending, and twisting deformations characteristic of the complex behavior of cord‐rubber composite structures. The extension‐twisting coupling due to the twisted nature of the cords was also considered in the finite element model. The results of torsional stiffness obtained from the finite element analysis for twisted cords and the two‐ply steel cord‐rubber belt structure are compared to the experimental data and other alternate solutions available in the literature. The effects of cord orientation, anisotropy, and rubber core surrounding the twisted cords on the torsional stiffness properties are presented and discussed.
Kinks in the Kondo problem

We find the exact quasiparticle spectrum, elastic S matrix, and free energy for the continuum Kondo problem of k species of electrons coupled to an impurity of spin S. Here, the impurity becomes an immobile quasiparticle sitting on the boundary. The particles are ``kinks,'' which can be thought of as field configurations interpolating between adjacent wells of a potential with k+1 degenerate minima. For the overscreened case kg2S, the impurity in the continuum is a kink as well, which explains the noninteger number of boundary states.
Driving School Improvement with Assessments: Some Implications From Chapter 1

The context and measures of accountability may need to be altered if wehope to bring about significant school change via assessments. AlthoughChapter 1 serves primarily elementary students and typically utilizes norm-referenced tests, this writer arguesthat its operation as an accountabilitysystem has more general implications.
Sedimentation processes in a short residence‐time intermontane lake, Kamloops Lake, British Columbia

Kamloops Lake in central British Columbia is a deep, intermontane lake fed by the strong and seasonally variable flows of the Thompson River. Considerations of lake-river interaction, supported by physical and geological evidence, suggest that sediment transport and deposition within the lake is controlled by three interdependent but distinct processes: delta progradation at the lake-river confluence which results in delta topset and foresee bedding; sediment density surges originating along the delta face which result in turbidite sequences lakeward from the base of the delta; and dispersal by the interflowing river plume which, due to Coriolis effects, results in a higher sedimentation rate and greater fraction of coarser material along the right-hand side (Northern Hemisphere) of the lake in the direction of flow.
Direct absorption spectroscopy of jet‐cooled polyenes. II. The 1 1B+u←1 1A−g transitions of butadienes and hexatrienes

In the present paper, we report the direct absorption spectra of the 1 1B+u←1 1A−g transitions of gas phase butadiene, deuterated and methylated butadienes, and the cis and trans isomers of hexatriene cooled to low rotational and vibrational temperatures in supersonic molecular jets. These jet absorption spectra allow the more accurate determinations of Franck–Condon factors, upper state vibrational intervals and vibronic band homogeneous widths. We discuss the experimental constraints that the measurements reported here and in the previous paper of this series impose on theoretical models of the equilibrium structures and relaxation dynamics of the 1 1B+u excited states of the small linear polyenes.
The Zeeman effect in astrophysical water masers and the observation of strong magnetic fields in regions of star formation

The present study solves the transfer equations for the polarized radiation of astrophysical 22-GHz water masers in the presence of a magnetic field which causes a Zeeman splitting that is much smaller than the spectral line breadth. The emphasis is placed on the relationship between the recently detected circular polarization in this maser radiation and the strength of the magnetic field. When the observed spectral line breadth is smaller than about 0.8 km/s (FWHM), it is calculated that the uncertainty is less than a factor of about 2. The accuracy is improved significantly when the angle between the line of sight and the direction of the magnetic field does not exceed about 45 deg. Uncertainty in the strength of the magnetic field due to lack of knowledge about which hyperfine transition is the source of the 22-GHz masers is removed. The 22-GHz maser feature is found to be the result of a merger of the three strongest hyperfine components.
A National Center for Digital Government program on networked governance: project highlights, dg.o 2006 NSF grant # 0131923

In this paper, we describe the ongoing research and activities of the National Center for Digital Government, now based at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, and the Program on Networked Governance, the successor program to the NCDG, based at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
Comparison of gas-solid chromatography and MM2 force field molecular binding energies for greenhouse gases on a carbonaceous surface.

Abstract Gas–solid chromatography was used to determine B2s (gas–solid virial coefficient) values for eight molecular adsorbates interacting with a carbon powder (Carbopack B, Supelco). B2s values were determined by multiple size variant injections within the temperature range of 313–553 K. The molecular adsorbates included: carbon dioxide (CO2); tetrafluoromethane (CF4); hexafluoroethane (C2F6); 1,1-difluoroethane (C2H4F2); 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (C2H3ClF2); dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2); trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F); and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (C2H3Cl3). Two of these molecules are of special interest because they are “super greenhouse gases”. The global warming potential, GWP, for CF4 is 6500 and for C2F6 is 9200 relative to the reference value of 1 for CO2. The GWP index considers both radiative blocking and molecular lifetime. For these and other industrial greenhouse gases, adsorptive trapping on a carbonaceous solid, which depends on molecule–surface binding energy, could avoid atmospheric release. The temperature variations of the gas–solid virial coefficients in conjunction with van’t Hoff plots were used to find the experimental adsorption energy or binding energy values (E*) for each adsorbate. A molecular mechanics based, rough-surface model was used to calculate the molecule–surface binding energy (Ecal*) using augmented MM2 parameters. The surface model consisted of parallel graphene layers with two separated nanostructures each containing 17 benzene rings arranged in linear strips. The separation of the parallel nanostructures had been optimized in a prior study to appropriately represent molecule–surface interactions for Carbopack B. Linear regressions of E* versus Ecal* for the current data set of eight molecules and the same surface model gave E* = 0.926Ecal* and r2=0.956. A combined set of the current and prior Carbopack B adsorbates studied (linear alkanes, branched alkanes, cyclic alkanes, ethers, and halogenated hydrocarbons) gave a data set with 33 molecules and a regression of E* = 0.991Ecal* and r2=0.968. These results indicated a good correlation between the experimental and the MM2 computed molecule–surface binding energies.
Research in the community: recruiting and retaining practices.

Medical investigators increasingly attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of treatments given in routine practice settings as well as in research settings. We identified and describe several key issues in practice-based research: identifying the appropriate population; drawing the sample; recruitment of physicians and patients; maintenance of the physician-researcher relationship; and data management. Three on-going practice-based projects are described from the perspective of these key issues. Two are practice-based randomized trials, one is a large cohort study. Common characteristics are identified which contributed to the success of the three projects: direct recruitment of clinicians by clinicians; close liaison with local medical organizations; on-going personal contact with the practices; and recognition of the value of the practicing physician's time.
Embedding Written and Oral Communication Within the Hospitality Curriculum

To meet industry's needs and achieve business-school accreditation, hospitality programs may want to embed written and oral communication within the hospitality curriculum. The initiative should be based on principles of language pedagogy and professional communication. To create a plan for embedding communication in hospitality courses, faculty need to (1) reinforce and build on the written and oral communication instruction students receive in other college courses, (2) choose professional communication principles to emphasize in the hospitality curriculum, (3) develop contextualized assignments featuring hospitality genres, (4) encourage careful communication planning and revising processes, and (5) set standards, provide feedback, and reward good communication performance. This article offers suggestions for such a curriculum initiative, including ideas for faculty workshops.
Pollination potential of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) in some Solanaceous plants

Pollination by two species of flower thrips in six Solanaceous plants (four perennials and two seasonal) were studied. The results highlight the role of thrips in both self and cross pollination of these flowers. The findings also suggest that in view of the stigmatic surface in all the flowers being at a higher level than the anthers, there is more entomophily. Data relating to the population dynamics of thrips as well as the pollen load of thrips are also included.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disease affecting more than 20 million individuals in the United States. Progression of CKD is associated with a number of serious complications, including increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, anemia, and metabolic bone disease. CKD patients should be assessed for the presence of these complications and receive optimal treatment to reduce their morbidity and mortality. A multidisciplinary approach is required to accomplish this goal.
An Atmospheric Radiative-Convective Model: Solar Forcings

In this Letter, we provide a brief description of a new one-dimensional planetary atmospheric radiative-convective (PARC) model and its responses to solar forcings. To undertake this calculation, we ignore changing lower atmospheric effects and consider only variations in solar energy inputs. The model incorporates the following energies/transport processes: solar visible, IR, and UV radiations; and energy transports by conduction, eddy viscosity, and convection. We note the following changes over previous one-dimensional atmospheric models. (1) Rather than only a global energy balance, a detailed (local) energy balance is employed; thus, radiative and convective energy transports are both calculated explicitly, the latter with mixing-length theory (MLT). (2) The IR opacity of the atmospheric gases is calculated in a self-consistent fashion with the other energy inputs. The model was run with large solar variations sufficient to examine clearly possible solar forcing: variations of 10% in the "solar constant" and 9% in the solar UV. The model exhibits a 6.4 K and a 3 K increase in the lower atmospheric temperatures, respectively, to these forcings. The solar constant influence is similar to other climate models. The model responds significantly, however, to solar UV variations in a new and interesting fashion deserving of further study. The effect may be understood as a result of an elevation of the τ ~ 1 level in the atmosphere associated with the deposition of the UV energy. We suggest some observational tests: as solar activity increases, one would expect (1) the total optical depth of the model atmosphere in the IR to increase and (2) the altitude of the IR radiating region to increase. The model has numerous simplifications that warrant caution, if one were to assume blindly the results applied directly to the real Earth.
Anisotropic kinetics in overlayer growth: A scanning-tunneling-microscopy study of Ge/GaAs(110).

Scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ge growth on GaAs(110) at 420 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C shows that rough surfaces with isotropic islands and smooth surfaces with elongated islands can be obtained simply by varying the deposition rate. Quantitative measurements of the surface height--height correlation function G(x) along [001] and G(y) along [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] show that the ratio G(x)/G(y) at large x,y is 1.02\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07 for surfaces with isotropic islands and 1.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17 for surfaces with anisotropic islands. A comparison with recent predictions of anisotropic growth yields encouraging consistency.
THE METABOLIC SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN DISSIMILATION OF CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES IN BAKERS' YEAST.

Evidence is presented showing that the dissimilation of carbohydrate reserves in two strains of bakers' yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , is a purely respiratory process. Endogenous respiration is KCN-labile. Our own experiments together with various accounts and data given in the literature show that the same "oxygen-transporting mechanism" functions in both endogenous and exogenous metabolism. However, the lack of sensitivity of the endogenous system of reactions to low concentrations of monoiodoacetic acid, the absence of anaerobic CO2 production, and the absence of alcohol production, demonstrate that fermentation is not involved in the dissimilation of the carbohydrate reserves. Throughout the experiments the endogenous respiration behaved functionally as a unitary system of reactions. The O2 consumption and CO2 production were parallel at all times; i.e ., the R. Q. was consistently 1. Monoiodoacetic acid and KCN in concentrations from 10–5 to 10–1 molar affected both O2 uptake and CO2 production to the same extent. The only agents known to alter the value of the R. Q. were those which disrupted the normal protoplasmic structure, viz . grinding the cells with sand, plasmolyzing them with toluol and hypertonic salt solutions, or pressing them in a hydraulic press. These agents brought about a vigorous anaerobic CO2 production accompanied by an accumulation of alcohol in the medium. The unitary character of endogenous respiration is exhibited only when the normal structure of the cell is kept intact; apparently it depends upon the maintenance of a chambered (or compartmental) architecture of the cell.
A metric for bounded response scales

It is suggested that bounded response scales may induce nonlinearities in psychophysical functions. This point is illustrated with an example of MDS, in which the intuitively plausible rationale of the city-block metric, which is based on ordinary addition of line segments, may conflict with the boundedness of the dissimilarity scale provided by the experimenter. On replacing ordinary addition with the addition rule for hyperbolic tangents, a metric intermediate between the city-block and the sup metrics is obtained that preserves the upper bound. In the one-dimensional case, it predicts overestimation for halving, underestimation for doubling, and an upward shift of the midpoint for middling.
Mechanism of adenylate kinase. Structural and functional demonstration of arginine-138 as a key catalytic residue that cannot be replaced by lysine

Replacement of the arginine-138 of adenylate kinase (AK) by lysine or methionine resulted in a decrease in kcat by a factor of 10(4), increases in Km by a factor of 10-20, and relatively little changes in dissociation constants. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies were then undertaken to obtain structural information for quantitative interpretation of the kinetic data. Since the lysine mutant (R138K) represents a conservative mutation with surprisingly large effects on kinetics, structural studies were focused on the wild type (WT) and R138K. The results and conclusions are summarized as follows: (i) The aromatic spin systems of WT and R138K were assigned from total correlated spectroscopy (TOCSY). Comparison of the chemical shifts of aromatic protons, one-dimensional spectra, TOCSY, and nuclear Overhauser enhanced spectroscopy (NOESY) indicated that the conformation of R138K was almost unperturbed relative to that of WT. Thus Arg-138 is not important for the tertiary structure. (ii) Proton NMR titrations with AMP and MgATP suggested that substrate binding affinities and substrate-induced conformational changes are nearly identical between WT and R138K. Thus arginine-138 should not be involved in stabilizing the first substrate in the binary complex. (iii) Notable differences were observed between the proton NMR spectra of the WT and R138K complexes with the reaction mixture, which agrees with the perturbation in the Km values of R138K. The differences were analyzed in detail by using a "static reaction mixture'--p1, p5-bis(5'-adenosyl)pentaphosphate (MgAP5A). The aromatic spin systems of WT + MgAP5A and R138K + MgAP5A were partially assigned from various two-dimensional spectra.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Excitons in indium halide thin films

Optical absorption spectra for thin films of InBr, InCl, and Inl are studied as a function of temperature from 90 to 300 K and as a function of hydrostatic pressures up to 0.35 GPa. Temperature shifts of the exciton peaks in InBr, InCl, and InI are −1.87, −0.5, and −1.1 in units of 10−4 eV/K, respectively. Pressure shifts of these peaks are reported as −2.5, −0.9, and −3.0 in units of 10−10 eV/Pa, respectively. A discussion of the implications of these results on the band structure of these materials is presented. Die optischen Absorptionsspektren dunner InBr-, InCl- und InJ-Schichten werden in Abhangigkeit von der temperatur von 90 bis 300 K und des hydrostatischen Druckes bis zu 0,35 GPa untersucht. Die Temperaturverschiebungen der Exzitonenmaxima in InBr, Incl und InJ betragen −1,87, −0,5 bzw. −1,1 in Einheiten von 10−4 eV/K, die Druckverschiebungen −2,5 −0,9 bzw. −3,0 in Einheiten von 10−10 eV/Pa. Die Auswirkungen dieser Ergebnisse auf die Bandstruktur dieser Materialien werden diskutiert.
Design, Analysis, Manufacture, and Test of APC-2/AS4 Thermoplastic Composite Pressure Vessels for Deep Water Marine Applications

A general design and analysis methodology is presented for the development of thick-wall thermoplastic composite pressure vessels for deep-water marine applications. A parametric study was performed to determine the optimum tapered radius, initial radial clearance, and plug length of the plug-supported end-caps employed here as end-closures since it was found that these optimum parameters could improve the performance of the composite pressure vessels by minimizing bending and shear stresses near the ends. Stress and buckling nonlinear finite element analyses (FEA) were performed taking hygrothermal effects into account. An equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion to model coefficient of moisture expansion for FEA software, where moisture absorption is not an input, is introduced to fully model hygrothermal effects. Based on the FEA results and taking the pressure vessel weight, ease of fabrication, mechanical and environmental performance, and cost into account APC-2/AS4 thermoplastic composite was fo...
Projecting the United States ESRD population: Issues regarding treatment of patients with ESRD

Projecting the United States ESRD population: Issues regarding treatment of patients with ESRD. In 2001, there were 406,081 patients who received treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increasing by 4.2% since 2000. The number of patients with ESRD has grown consistently over the past decade, with the greatest rate of growth occurring among patients older than 75 years of age, and patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Current projections indicate that the population of patients with ESRD may reach more than 2 million by 2030. The overall mortality rate has fallen by 10% since 1988, with the greatest decline among patients incident to dialysis, and an increase among patients receiving dialysis for greater than five years. While the rate of hospitalization for ESRD patients has remained relatively constant, recent improvements in mortality are temporally associated with a greater proportion of patients achieving adequate benchmarks of care in dialytic processes, such as anemia correction and dose of dialysis. The ESRD program consumes 6.4% of the Medicare budget. On a per-patient per month basis, Medicare costs have risen between 1991 and 2001. While payments fell slightly during 1998 and 1999 because of changes in Medicare policies, more recent years have seen an upswing in total expenditures, presumably related to use of injectables not included in the composite rate. Continued growth in the number of new patients reaching ESRD, as well as improved mortality rates of ESRD patients, are both contributing to the current rise and projected epidemic of ESRD over the next 25 years. The current public health strategy of identification of patients with early kidney disease to slow their progression to ESRD, in addition to aggressive treatment strategies to minimize the morbidity and mortality of patients with ESRD, is essential toward affecting the growth and health of this population.
Angiogenesis in endometrial hyperplasia and stage I endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis in endometrial hyperplasia and stage I endometrial carcinoma, and to investigate the relationship between angiogenesis and tumor grade and depth of invasion. Methods: Three groups of patients were analyzed: control patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions ( n = 19), patients with endometrial hyperplasia ( n = 24), and patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma ( n = 34). All hysterectomy specimens were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen as a sensitive and specific marker for vascular endothelium. Areas close to the deepest myometrial invasion or those with the highest grade of endometrial hyperplasia and the highest angiogenic intensity were selected. Three fields (× 400) were selected for each slide, and the mean microvessel count was calculated. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U test ir Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Dunn post hoc procedure. P Results: A significant difference was found between the microvessel count of controls versus the group with complex endometrial hyperplasia (median 21, range 16–80, versus median 38, range 20–130; P P P P = .5). In cases of stage I endometrial carcinoma, a higher number of microvessels was noted in specimens with myometrial invasion than in those without myometrial invasion (median 44, range 19–119, versus median 83, range 19–189; P P Conclusion: Complex endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma are angiogenic. Furthermore, in stage I endometrial carcinoma, greater depth of invasion and higher tumor grade are directly correlated with angiogenic intensity.
Parainfluenza Virus Immunization: II. The Influence of Age and Maternal Antibody upon Successful Immunization with an Alum-Adsorbed Parainfluenza Type 3 Vaccine

Parainfluenza Virus Immunization: II. The Influence of Age and Maternal Antibody upon Successful Immunization with an Alum-Adsorbed Parainfluenza Type 3 Vaccine
Random number generators in secure disk drives

Cryptographic random number generators seeded by physical entropy sources are employed in many embedded security systems, including self-encrypting disk drives, being manufactured by the millions every year. Random numbers are used for generating encryption keys and for facilitating secure communication, and they are also provided to users for their applications. We discuss common randomness requirements, techniques for estimating the entropy of physical sources, investigate specific nonrandom physical properties, estimate the autocorrelation, then mix reduce the data until all common randomness tests pass. This method is applied to a randomness source in disk drives: the always changing coefficients of an adaptive filter for the read channel equalization. These coefficients, affected by many kinds of physical noise, are used in the reseeding process of a cryptographic pseudorandom number generator in a family of self encrypting disk drives currently in the market.
Contributions to the mathematical theory of the stability of metabolizing systems with variable surface tension

The paper investigates the stability of a metabolizing system subject to surface tension forces only. In line with some earlier work of N. Rashevsky, the surface tension is considered as a function of the concentration of the metabolite. Different theoretically interesting cases are discussed. The study indicates that surface tension forces alone are not likely to produce phenomena similar to those of cell division.