cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Development of a Portable Acoustic Array on a Large-Scale E-Textile Substrate

Electronic textiles offer possibilities for producing large-area sensors circuits on conformal substrates. To demonstrate this concept, a 5×4 element acoustic array was produced on a 3m × 1m fabric substrate. In the course of fabricating the acoustic array a variety of production issues were identified that impacted the performance of the prototype when experimental tests were carried out with this prototype acoustic array. Fabric-based acoustic array design and production, along with design issues related to scaling an acoustic array to handle larger numbers of microphones on large-area fabrics, are the focus of this paper.
Solid 'liquid-crystalline' films of synthetic polypeptides: a new state of matter.

Concentrated solutions of poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG), while still in a fluid condition, have previously been shown to be in a liquid crystalline state, characterized as helicoidal or 'cholesteric'. We have found that this same structure persists in certain solid films of PBLG. This conclusion was reached from studies of swelling, x-ray, NMR and optical properties. Orientation of the PBLG molecules could be achieved by casting films in a strong magnefic ifeid. A new helical conformation for PBLG was observed in oriented films of this type which were cast from chloroform. The liquid crystal state for low molecular weight compounds such as cholesterol esters has been known for more than seventy-five years This is a mesomorphic state of matter, intermediate between the crystal state and the liquid state. In the liquid crystalline state the molecules retain preferential orientations relative to one another over large distances--a property normally associated with the crystalline state; yet liquid crystals from low molecular weight substances are highly fluid in their thermodynamically stable condition. Recently liquid crystals have received much attention because of their optical properties which enable one to monitor minute changes in temperature and mechanical stress, for their ability to orient in electric and magnetic fields, and because of their implications on structures observed in biological systems. In the 1930's it was shown by Vorlander1° that some liquid crystals could be quick frozen to a metastable brittle glassy state. By working with a polymeric molecule, a synthetic polypeptide called poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate, we have been able to obtain stable solid films with a liquid crystalline local structure. These films can be obtained in conditions describable as rubbery, leathery, or glassy, as is common for polymer films. The unusual local structure of the molecules in the liquid crystalline phase gives rise to magnetic and optical properties not previously obtainable with polymeric systems. Fifteen years ago it was observed by Doty et al.1 that synthetic polypeptides, ---(---NH---CHR—-CO---)---, in solution can exist in a rigid rodlike ct-helical conformation, in contrast with the random coil shape assumed by most other synthetic polymers in solution. The observation has stimulated a large body of investigation of the dilute solution properties of this class of polymers. In more concentrated solutions (in the range of ten to fifty per cent polymer), Robinson2 found that poiy-y-benzyl-L-glutamate
Alterations in soluble/insoluble collagen ratios in the annual fish, Cynolebias bellottii, in relation to age and environmental temperature.

Abstract Annual fish of the species Cynolebias bellottii have a prolonged survival when kept throughout most of their lives at 15°C, as opposed to 20°C. The prolonged survival is accompanied by changes in the ratio of soluble to insoluble collagen of such a nature as to suggest an actual retardation of the ageing process. It is known that reduced temperature in poikilotherms constitutes a potent immunosuppressive regime. The results are therefore consistent with theoretical expectations of the immunologic theory of ageing.
Adenovirus vectors containing chimeric type 5 and type 35 fiber proteins exhibit altered and expanded tropism and increase the size limit of foreign genes

Adenovirus (Ad) fiber proteins are responsible for the initial attachment of the virion to the cell membrane. Most Ad vectors currently in use are based on the Ad type 5 (Ad5), which belong to subgroup C, and use the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptors (CAR) as the initial receptor. Ad35, which belongs to subgroup B, recognizes unknown receptor(s) other than CAR. In this study, the feasibility of the Ad vector containing Ad5/35 chimeric fiber protein was examined in a wide variety of cell types, such as CAR-positive or -negative human tumor cells, rodent cells, and blood cells (a total of 20 cell types), and in mice in vivo. Transduction data suggested that the Ad vectors containing the Ad5/35 chimeric fiber protein exhibited altered and expanded tropism when compared with the Ad5-based vector. The chimeric vector also allows the packaging of larger foreign DNAs than the conventional Ad5-based vector, which can package approximately 8.1-8.2 kb of foreign DNA. The chimeric vector containing approximately 8.8 kb of foreign DNA was generated without affecting the viral growth rate and titer. These results suggested that inclusion of the Ad35 fiber protein into the Ad5-based vector could lead to an improved efficiency in gene therapy and in gene transfer experiments, especially for the cells lacking in sufficient CAR expression.
An improved technique for agricultural implement draught analysis

Abstract Agricultural implement draft requirements show considerable spatial variability due to variations in soil properties and fracturing of soil. A large sample size is necessary to obtain a representative mean draft value for a given soil type and condition because of this variability. Moreover, empirical polynomial/multi-linear regression models for implement draft are often subjected to multi-collinearity problems. Proper design of experiments can assist in the complete elimination of these multicollinearity problems. An implement test procedure has been developed which addresses the problems of soil variability and multi-collinearity. Proper choice of values for independent variables in the experimental design phase can assist in transforming these variables to an orthogonal domain which completely overcomes multi-collinearity problems. The orthogonal regression technique using transformed variables and the conventional polynomial/multi-linear regression techniques using real variables were used to analyze draft data for a moldboard plow in a Capay clay soil to illustrate advantages of the orthogonal technique.
Typographical Features for Scene Text Recognition

Scene text images feature an abundance of font style variety but a dearth of data in any given query. Recognition methods must be robust to this variety or adapt to the query data's characteristics. To achieve this, we augment a semi-Markov model---integrating character segmentation and recognition---with a bigram model of character widths. Softly promoting segmentations that exhibit font metrics consistent with those learned from examples, we use the limited information available while avoiding error-prone direct estimates and hard constraints. Incorporating character width bigrams in this fashion improves recognition on low-resolution images of signs containing text in many fonts.
Resident selection criteria for advanced education in prosthodontic programs: program directors' perspective.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the criteria used by advanced education in prosthodontic program (AEPP) directors to select their residents, to rank them by perceived importance, and further assist prospective candidates with the application process for AEPP. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to all prosthodontic program directors (N = 46). The program directors were requested to respond in five sections: (1) general information, (2) information obtained from applications and letters of recommendation, (3) interview process, (4) decision process, and (5) retrospective view of the selection process. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Data were collected and compiled into mean, standard deviation, and range. Results were tabulated and ranked. Results: Thirty-eight responses (82.61%) were returned and analyzed. Most of the programs (75.77%) indicated that a combination of the program director, current residents, prosthodontic faculty, and staff members were involved in conducting the interview process. Factors considered very important when choosing applicants to the prosthodontic program were (1) interview process, (2) dental school class rank, (3) dental school grades (prosthodontics), (4) letters of recommendation, (5) dental school grades (clinical). Letters from the prosthodontic post-doc program director and prosthodontic faculty were considered the most important source of recommendation. Honesty, organization, and energy were ranked as the most positive characteristics of the applicants during the interview. Almost all respondents (97%) were satisfied with the current selection process. When asked about the current applicant pool, most program directors (91.67%) were satisfied. Conclusions: The most and least important factors in selecting applicants by the program directors were described and ranked. This study was intended to provide the profession with some insight on how advanced Prosthodontic programs select their applicants. It may also serve as a valuable instrument for prospective applicants to AEPPs in the future.
Poroelasticity of carbonates with fractured grains and fluid‐saturated pores

Summary Geomechanical analysis needed to treat anisotropic (specifically trigonal symmetry) grains of carbonates jumbled together to form an overall isotropic polycrystalline poroelastic material is summarized. Poroelastic effects enter the problem via fractured anisotropic solids saturated by fluids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmosphere model released

GRAM-90, the most recent version of the Global Reference Atmosphere Model, has been released for use. The model is sponsored by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., and was developed at Georgia Tech. GRAM-90, which has become something of a de facto standard within the aerospace community, is a blend of three empirical model atmospheres affording latitude, longitude, and monthly variability over a continuous altitude range of 0–700 km.
A method of moments analysis of a dual frequency rectangular waveguide-ridged waveguide cavity antenna

The authors study the interference that occurs between the high-frequency and low-frequency portions of a proposed dual-band antenna when the antennas transmit into free space or into an inhomogeneous plasma layer. They analyze two limiting cases, namely, (1) when the apertures of the antenna are backed by infinite waveguide sections, and (2) when the apertures are backed by cavities and the rectangular cavity contains a probe in it and the ridged waveguide section does not. Numerical examples are presented. >
Major depression in childhood: Why don't we know more?

The attempt to delineate childhood disturbances has been bogged down in disputes about the conceptual and clinical parameters of childhood depression. Recent efforts to establish behavioral criteria may help clinicians to focus on and identify instances of childhood depressive syndrome, but such symptom lists are limited in the extent to which they can assess the incidence or accuracy of the diagnosis. The need for diagnostic specificity is stressed, with particular emphasis on the importance of understanding childhood depression as an entity distinct from depression in adults.
Information technology diffusion: a comparative case study of intranet adoption

This paper conducts exploratory research to identify the factors that influence the adoption and diffusion of intranet technology. Continuous scanning, a good match to a recognized need, a capable champion, a culture ready for change, and political support that creates adequate resources are important factors that must be achieved before successful adoption and diffusion of intranet technology can be accomplished.
Performance Characteristics of a Sliding-Scale Hypertonic Saline Infusion Protocol for the Treatment of Acute Neurologic Hyponatremia

Background and Purpose Hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) infusions can be used to treat acute neurologic hyponatremia (ANH) in critically ill patients with neurological and neurosurgical disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Adjustments in the rate of hypertonic saline infusions to treat ANH are needed to achieve a goal sodium range and are usually made on an empiric basis. To date, no data are available to determine how reliably such adjustments achieve stable, normal serum sodium concentrations or how often iatrogenic hypernatremia occurs during the course of treatment with hypertonic saline. Methods We have instituted a standardized sliding-scale hypertonic saline protocol to minimize patient-to-patient variability of hypertonic saline administration and to attempt to achieve safe rates of sodium correction and stable maintenance of serum sodium concentration with minimal overshoot. Here, we present a retrospective analysis of the performance characteristics of our standardized hypertonic saline protocol over a 1-year period, in 49 patients. Results The mean rate of initial sodium correction was 0.44 ± 0.36 (mEq/l)/h. During the maintenance infusion phase, 84.3 ± 17.8% of the time was spent in goal range (Na 136–145 mEq/l), 14.9 ± 18.1% of the time was spent in mild undershoot (Na 130–135 mEq/l), and 0.7 ± 3.1% of the time was spent in overshoot (Na >145 mEq/l). No adverse events attributable to infusion of hypertonic saline were encountered. Conclusion Our hypertonic saline sliding-scale protocol for treatment of ANH can be used reliably and achieves normal sodium concentrations in a safe manner with minimal overshoot.
An evaluation of phrasal and clustered representations on a text categorization task

Syntactic phrase indexing and term clustering have been widely explored as text representation techniques for text retrieval. In this paper we study the properties of phrasal and clustered indexing languages on a text categorization task, enabling us to study their properties in isolation from query interpretation issues. We show that optimal effectiveness occurs when using only a small proportion of the indexing terms available, and that effectiveness peaks at a higher feature set size and lower effectiveness level for a syntactic phrase indexing than for word-based indexing. We also present results suggesting that traditional term clustering method are unlikely to provide significantly improved text representations. An improved probabilistic text categorization method is also presented.
FoxA2, Nkx2.2, and PDX-1 Regulate Islet β-Cell-Specific mafA Expression through Conserved Sequences Located between Base Pairs −8118 and −7750 Upstream from the Transcription Start Site

The MafA transcription factor is both critical to islet beta-cell function and has a unique pancreatic cell-type-specific expression pattern. To localize the potential transcriptional regulatory region(s) involved in directing expression to the beta cell, areas of identity within the 5' flanking region of the mouse, human, and rat mafA genes were found between nucleotides -9389 and -9194, -8426 and -8293, -8118 and -7750, -6622 and -6441, -6217 and -6031, and -250 and +56 relative to the transcription start site. The identity between species was greater than 75%, with the highest found between bp -8118 and -7750 ( approximately 94%, termed region 3). Region 3 was the only upstream mammalian conserved region found in chicken mafA (88% identity). In addition, region 3 uniquely displayed beta-cell-specific activity in cell-line-based reporter assays. Important regulators of beta-cell formation and function, PDX-1, FoxA2, and Nkx2.2, were shown to specifically bind to region 3 in vivo using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Mutational and functional analyses demonstrated that FoxA2 (bp -7943 to -7910), Nkx2.2 (bp -7771 to -7746), and PDX-1 (bp -8087 to -8063) mediated region 3 activation. Consistent with a role in transcription, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PDX-1 led to decreased mafA mRNA production in INS-1-derived beta-cell lines (832/13 and 832/3), while MafA expression was undetected in the pancreatic epithelium of Nkx2.2 null animals. These results suggest that beta-cell-type-specific mafA transcription is principally controlled by region 3-acting transcription factors that are essential in the formation of functional beta cells.
Matrix metalloproteinase abundance in human myocardial fibroblasts: effects of sustained pharmacologic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition.

Abstract Background – A cause-effect relationship has been established between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial remodeling through the use of pharmacologic MMP inhibitors. However, the direct effects of MMP inhibition on MMPs and endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in LV human myocardial fibroblasts (LVHMFs) remain unknown. This study measured MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-1 release in LVHMFs. Methods and results – LVHMF cultures were established from six individual patients (passages 2–5) and incubated with and without the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor PD166793 (100 μM) for 12–36 h. While PD166793 did not influence MMP-2 release, MMP-9 levels based on substrate zymography increased at 36 h by over 30% ( P P Conclusions – This study is the first to demonstrate that a selective induction and release of an MMP species occurs with sustained exposure to pharmacologic MMP inhibition in LVHMFs. These observations may have particular importance with respect to controlling this proteolytic system in the context of LV myocardial remodeling.
Evaluating the Effect of Emergency Residency Training on Productivity in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Resident productivity, defined as patients seen per unit time, is one measure that is used to assess the performance and educational progress of residents in the emergency department (ED). One published study suggested that emergency residency training (EM) does not improve productivity compared with that in other specialties, including internal medicine (IM). Objectives This study assesses how EM and IM trainees perform in the ED and illustrates how resident productivity changes through the academic year. Methods A retrospective review of attending physicians and residents working 8-h shifts in the higher acuity zone of a large-volume, tertiary, academic health care center was performed for July 2009, October 2009, January 2010, and April 2010. The total number of patients seen primarily and admitted during each shift was recorded. ED volume was approximated by the number of patients seen by the attending physician, and acuity was approximated by admission rate. A mixed model regression assessed the impact of year and type of residency training (e.g., EM1, EM2, IM1, and IM2), ED volume, and acuity on resident productivity (number of patients per shift). The study was granted waiver of informed consent by our institutional review board. Results We reviewed 936 shifts. After adjusting for acuity and ED volume, the EM1 group had a significant increase in patients per shift over the year, from 6.11 in July to 10.3 in April (p Conclusions The first EM training year leads to a significant change in productivity that separates EM from IM residents. This contradicts the previous assertion that non-EM residents have the same productivity as EM residents in the ED.
Conservative surgical management for noninvasive distal ureteral carcinoma

Distal ureterectomy with direct ureteroneocystostomy facilitated by the psoas bladder hitch procedure has been used in 6 patients for management of low-grade, noninvasive primary ureteral carcinoma. All patients are alive, two to ninety-six months postoperatively. Recurrent ipsilateral urothelial malignant disease has occurred in only 1 patient, twenty-six months postoperatively, necessitating a secondary nephroureterectomy. Renal function has been preserved in the remaining 5 patients. The continued practice of conservative surgery in these cases appears warranted.
A Glomerella Species Phylogenetically Related to Colletotrichum Acutatum on Norway Maple in Massachusetts

A fungus isolated from Norway maple (Acer platanoides) in the Boston, Massachusetts, area was determined to be a species of Glomerella, the teleomorph of Colletotrin chum acutatum. Pure cultures of the fungus were obtained from discharged ascospores from perithecia in leaf tissue. This fungus was determined to be homothallic based on the observation of perithecial development in cultures of single-spore isolates grown on minimal salts media and with sterile toothpicks. A morphological and molecular analysis was conducted to determine the taxonomic position of this fungus. Parsimony analyses of a combined nucleotide dataset of the ITS and LSU rDNA region, and of the D1-D2 LSU rDNA region, indicated that this species has phylogenetic affinities with Colletotrichum acutatum, C. acutatum f. sp. pineum, C. lupini, C. phormii and G. miyabeana. These results are significant because C. acutatum has not been reported on Acer platanoides. In addition the consistent presence of perithecia on leaf tissue and in culture is unusual for Colletotrichum, suggesting that the teleomorphic state is important in the life cycle of this fungus.
The Honeywell Experimental Distributed Processor &#8211; an Overview

The Honeywell Experimental Distributed Processor (HXDP) is a vehicle for research in the science and engineering of processor interconnection, executive control, and user software for a certain class of multiple-processor computers which we call "distributed computer" systems. Such systems are very unconventional in that they accomplish total system-wide executive control in the absence of any centralized procedure, data, or hardware. The primary benefits sought by this research are improvements over more conventional architectures (such as multiprocessors and computer networks) in extensibility, integrity, and performance. A fundamental thesis of the HXDP project is that the benefits and cost-effectiveness of distributed computer systems depend on the judicious use of hardware to control software costs.
Antecedents of Public Service Motivation

Public administration practitioners and educators have long contended that public employees are different from employees in other sectors of American society. Conventional wisdom and empirical evidence that public employees are different led Perry and Wise to define a construct, public service motivation (PSM), intended to capture the distinction. At a more abstract level, the grounding of PSM in three types of motives—rational, normative, and affective—suggests another source for insights about PSM. The profession is another institution that is likely to influence public service motivation. The beliefs that individuals acquire through then political affiliations also are antecedents of public service motivation. The political ideology variable also exhibited a mixed association with the PSM dimensions. Liberalism-conservatism was significantly associated with attraction to policy making and self-sacrifice. Investigation of organizational influences should seek to assess the effects of organizational experiences and policies on the public service motivation of members ever time.
The survival of embryos of the annual fish Nothobranchius guentheri exposed to temperature extremes and the subsequent effects on embryonic Diapause

Nothobranchius guentheri is an East African annual fish found in temporary bodies of water in areas of alternating rainy and dry seasons. During the dry season the embryos may be exposed to temperature extremes. Embryos have been reported to undergo diapause (developmental arrest), and are thus able to withstand the variable durations of the dry seasons. Since the embryos appear to endure long durations in diapause, and since in diapause they may be exposed to large variations in temperature, we have attempted to determine the thermal tolerance and responsiveness of embryos at diapause and at stages exclusive of diapause. Embryos were exposed to temperatures ranging from −8-40°C for variable durations of time, and survival, abnormalities and developmental rates determined. Both Diapause I and Diapause II embryos were much less sensitive to temperature extremes than were the other stages, and Diapause II was much less sensitive than Diapause I. Abnormalities only occurred under certain temperature exposures but showed the highest frequency at the early stages of development. Short exposure of Diapause I embryos to −8 and 3.4°C eliminated Diapause II, while short exposure to 40°C enhanced its duration. Although it has been proposed that the onset and duration of the diapauses are denendent on the oxygen concentration of the water, we propose that temper ature may also be another imposrant factor.
Improved Match-Line Test and Repair Methodology Including Power-Supply Noise Testing for Content-Addressable Memories

This paper describes a novel test and repair methodology for an embedded Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) design. Exhaustive match-line testing is used to ensure correct search operation after manufacturing, while search margin testing is used to provide robust functionality for the life of the product. With CAM being one of the most power-hungry circuits on chip, it is also important to test the effects of CAM-induced power-supply noise. Programmable BIST patterns induce worst-case power-supply noise in the system and then test CAM sensitivity to it. Fails in the CAM are detected by BIST and repaired using row redundancy with word-line and match-line steering. Hardware results stress the importance of this test and repair methodology.
The role of endothelial mechanosensitive genes in atherosclerosis and omics approaches

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S., and is a multifactorial disease that preferentially occurs in regions of the arterial tree exposed to disturbed blood flow. The detailed mechanisms by which d-flow induces atherosclerosis involve changes in the expression of genes, epigenetic patterns, and metabolites of multiple vascular cells, especially endothelial cells. This review presents an overview of endothelial mechanobiology and its relation to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with special reference to the anatomy of the artery and the underlying fluid mechanics, followed by a discussion of a variety of experimental models to study the role of fluid mechanics and atherosclerosis. Various in vitro and in vivo models to study the role of flow in endothelial biology and pathobiology are discussed in this review. Furthermore, strategies used for the global profiling of the genome, transcriptome, miR-nome, DNA methylome, and metabolome, as they are important to define the biological and pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis. These "omics" approaches, especially those which derive data based on a single animal model, provide unprecedented opportunities to not only better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis development in a holistic and integrative manner, but also to identify novel molecular and diagnostic targets.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation for adults with acute myeloid leukemia with minimal residual disease

Early trials of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) did not generally include measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) at the time of remission. However, the presence of MRD is now considered to be a powerful predictor of outcome for adults with AML in first complete remission. This raises the question of whether MRD positivity in first remission changes the indications for transplant or the transplant approach itself if patients do proceed to transplant with MRD present. This paper will begin to address these issues in adult AML.
States, Statutes, and Fraud: an Empirical Study of Emerging State False Claims Acts

Since Congress revitalized the federal False Claims Act (FCA) in 1986, the qui tam action--which allows recovery by a private party who alleges and proves fraud against the government--has become an increasingly important and successful regulatory tool. Not surprisingly, the success of the federal FCA has motivated a growing minority of state legislators to pass similar statutes. Academic study of these provisions, however, has been limited. This Article presents the first comprehensive survey of the structure and implications of state FCAs and qui tam provisions. The results are based on interviews with state officials charged with their enforcement. Interviewees were questioned regarding investigative resources allocated to false claims cases, the practical application of each individual state qui tam provision, the effectiveness of each provision, the impact of federal cases upon state cases, and coordination efforts between federal and state offices.
Eclampsia without convulsions or coma

Abstract 1. 1. An unusual case of eclampsia without convuisions or coma is reviewed with special reference to some of its most outstanding clinical, laboratory, and postmortem features. 2. 2. Attention is again called to the prime importance of establishing and maintaining blood dilution in eclampsia. 3. 3. A possibly much more adequate therapeutic agent (acacia) for producing a more lasting hydration of the blood is suggested.
The Outsiders: Jews and Corporate America

The article presents a review of the book “The Outsiders: Jews and Corporate America,” by Abraham K. Korman.
Sandstone petrofacies prediction to characterize permeability for Postle Field, Oklahoma

Summary A permeability model is being developed for Postle Field. The area of study is located in Texas County, Oklahoma. The biggest challenge at Postle Field is the heterogeneity within the reservoir, especially the presence of a high permeability zone interpreted as a basal lag and its repercussions in terms of field performance under a CO2 injection framework. Core data are available in the study area. In these data sandstone petrofacies within the reservoir can be identified and distinguished by the use of petrophysical attributes from the logs. We perform a multiclass classification using Support Vector Machines (SVM) to breakdown the Morrow A sandstone into sandstone petrofacies to be used as input to a permeability model.
A Revision of the Sphaerophthalmine Mutillidae of America North of Mexico

This revisionary paper is the result of study of over thirty thousand specimens of Photopsidinae Mutillidae, including all but a few of the types. In view of its length, it has been divided into a number of sections, each of which will deal with one group.
Recanalization of the falcine sinus after venous sinus thrombosis

Thrombosis of the straight and transverse sinuses associated with a large hemorrhagic venous infarct developed in an infant with large chronic subdural fluid collections after drainage of the subdurals. CT and MR studies obtained before and after the onset of venous sinus thrombosis showed interval widening of a segment of the posterior falx between the vein of Galen and the superior sagittal sinus. MR angiography confirmed a recanalized falcine sinus.
Engineering a Solution

The BP spill was not the first deepwater blowout in history. However, it produced the largest daily flow, had the greatest sense of immediacy, commanded the most resources in its solution, and was, by far, the most visible of any similar spill. As a consequence, it demanded the most of the engineers who would be responsible for stopping the flow.
Trends, characteristics, and incidence of anaphylaxis in 2001-2010: A population-based study

Background Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening systemic allergic reaction. Objective We aimed to determine the incidence rate and causes of anaphylaxis during a 10-year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Methods Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a comprehensive records linkage system, we performed a population-based incidence study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2001 through 2010. All cases with a diagnosis of anaphylactic shock and 20% of cases with related diagnoses were manually reviewed. The relationships of age group, sex, and year of anaphylaxis with incidence rates were assessed by fitting Poisson regression models. Results Six hundred thirty-one cases of anaphylaxis were identified. The median age was 31 years (interquartile range, 19-44 years). The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate was 42 (95% CI, 38.7-45.3) per 100,000 person-years. There was a significant increase in the overall incidence of anaphylaxis during the study period, with an average increase of 4.3% per year ( P Conclusion The overall incidence rate of anaphylaxis was 42 per 100,000 person-years from 2001-2010 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. The incidence of anaphylaxis increased over time, and several inciting triggers were uniquely associated with different age groups.
Prodromes of Failure After Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

While comparison of failure mechanisms and rates in revision TKA is confounded by variability in implant designs (old versus new prostheses), technical complexity (extent of bone and ligament loss), integrity of the extensor mechanism, presence of overt or occult sepsis, and outcomes measures, there is one certainty. That certainty is that a percentage of revision TKAs will fail. Identifying the prodromal signs and symptoms that suggest a problem is important to prompt early intervention which may optimize outcomes of additional surgery that may be necessary after revision TKA.
Obstetric and Neonatal Risks Among Obese Women Without Chronic Disease.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether prepregnancy obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among women without chronic disease.METHODS:Singleton deliveries (N=112,309) among mothers without chronic diseases in the Consortium on Safe Labor, a retrospective U.S. cohort, were analyzed using Po
Lifetime reproductive and anthropometric risk factors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Hormonally-linked adult reproductive and anthropometric risk factors have been well established in the etiology of postmenopausal breast cancer, though early life exposures have been evaluated only more recently. Here, we examine the evidence for associations between lifetime reproductive and anthropometric risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer. The review finds some evidence for the hypothesis that breast cancer risk is determined by the number of susceptible stem cells, modified by the hormonal environment. The in utero experience of an infant may be associated with postmenopausal breast cancer; preeclampsia may decrease and greater birthweight increase risk, but more evidence is needed. Earlier and more rapid childhood growth appears to increase postmenopausal breast cancer risk and childhood obesity to decrease risk, but very few studies have yet examined these associations. Increased final height and earlier age at menarche are consistently associated with increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. Later age at first birth, decreased parity, later menopausal age, use of hormone replacement therapy (especially progestin containing), and increased postmenopausal adiposity are well-established risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer. The effect of a woman's own pregnancy conditions and lactation are not established. Further investigation is needed to identify whether events occurring early in life modify later events or accumulate over the life course. Many aspects of this research can be conducted by examining the influence of early life events on intermediary events without the need for longitudinal data.
Hypervisor performance analysis for real-time workloads

Virtualization has become a key technology used in modern data centers. What began as a tool for server consolidation and energy efficiency has grown into an enabler for cloud computing. Cloud computing has become an accepted best practice for data centers. Virtualization is also becoming a key component of embedded and real-time systems in automotive systems, game consoles, and industrial settings. Many applications that run on embedded systems are bound to hard real-time requirements, meaning that deadlines must be met. While hypervisor performance for non-real-time workloads has been well-documented, comparison of performance across hypervisors for real-time workloads has not been systematically studied.
The practicality of distributed PV-battery systems to reduce household grid reliance

Abstract The advent of low-cost solar photovoltaics (PV) and battery electricity storage has the potential to bring about fundamental shifts in the structure of the power sector in the United States. We analyze how PV-battery systems of various sizes could reduce the dependence of residential customers on the central grid and their impact on CO 2 emissions. We further analyze how the costs of such systems change as customers attempt to decrease their dependence on the grid, considering the installed cost of PV-battery systems and the cost of electricity under a net-energy metered rate structure. We analyze these relationships for residential customers in five locations across the U.S. We find that fully disconnecting from the grid with a PV-battery system is impractical for most residential customers without also having dispatchable backup generation. Finally, we estimate how the economics of behind-the-meter PV-battery systems may change if the costs of PV systems continue to fall.
Capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry with microliter-scale loading capacity, 140 min separation window and high peak capacity for bottom-up proteomics

Better peptide separation is required for bottom-up proteomics for further improving the proteome coverage. The two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) systems only explore differences among peptides in their hydrophobicity (reversed-phase, RP) and charge (strong cation/anion exchange, SCX/SAX). Alternative separation techniques with different separation mechanisms are required to further improve the separation. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an attractive alternative because it has high efficiency for separation of biomolecules and it separates analytes based on their size-to-charge ratios, complementary with LC. However, the low loading capacity and narrow separation window of CZE limit its wide application for large-scale proteomics. In this manuscript, we present an automated CZE-mass spectrometry (MS) system for solving those issues. The CZE-MS system can approach at least half-a-microliter loading capacity with good robustness and reproducibility, can routinely use over 12% of the available sample in the sample vial for analysis, and can generate a 140 min separation window and high peak capacity (∼380) for complex proteome analysis. The results represent the highest peak capacity and the widest separation window of CZE for peptide separation with a microliter-scale loading capacity. It is the first time that CZE-MS approaches both the microliter-scale loading capacity and over 2-hour separation window for analysis of complex samples. The automated CZE-MS system dramatically reduces the gap between CZE-MS and RPLC-MS in terms of loading capacity, separation window and peak capacity. It truly opens the door for large-scale bottom-up proteomics using CZE-MS.
Regulating Toward (In)Security in the U.S. Electricity System

By design, the centralized electricity grids stand without protection and are highly vulnerable to both cyber and physical attacks. A solely centralized approach to electricity procurement is not, however, required. The centralized electricity grids do not generate meaningful positive networked effects (i.e., unlike communications products, additional users of electricity via a network do not make electricity itself more valuable), and decentralized approaches to electricity procurement have become economic over the past 24 months. Nonetheless, virtually the entire electricity industry including its regulatory entities remains dedicated to a solely centralized model of electricity delivery, for reasons that are primarily historic. That dedication diverges from the U.S. national security interest, which is simply for consumers (e.g., military, industry, and individuals) to have universal access to secure and economic electricity. The security risks presented by a solely centralized electricity delivery system are untenable and call for federal regulatory action in the form of promulgated security standards (“Independence Standards”) to steer electricity delivery toward a more secure model. The framework of Independence Standards, supported by federal block grant funding for locally-determined implementation, is a needed counter to current regulatory approaches. Independence Standards provide a security lodestar for the ongoing transition of the U.S. electricity system.
Crisis económica y defensa campesina en el México rural

En comparacion con las numerosas observaciones acerca del impacto de la austeridad y la hiperinflacion sobre los niveles de vida y las posibilidades de la clase trabajadora, se ha puesto relativamente poca atencion a la situacion de los campesinos y asalariados del campo mexicano. Este articulo se refiere al trabajo de campo realizado los veranos de 1987 y 1988 sobre el efecto de la crisis economica en los hogares campesinos y los esfuerzos para defenderse de ella en la comunidad agricola de Santiago Laollaga, al sur del Istmo de Tehuantepec
Roller Coaster Park Manager by Day Problem Solver by Night: Effect of Video Game Play on Problem Solving

Do video games improve problem solving? Eighty-one participants played a roller coaster tycoon or answered a series of personality questionnaires prior to attempting insight problems. Participants played Roller Coaster Tycoon Deluxe for 30 minutes game or completed a series of unrelated questionnaires and then solved as many spatial insight problems as they could. Participants in the game condition slightly outperformed those in the control condition for insight problems, and participants who scored lower on the Cognitive Reflection Test benefited from the video game. These results provide initial support that video games can provide warm-up and practice avenues for problem solvers to develop and improve higher-level cognitive strategies that can transfer to the real world.
Can genetic instability be studied at the single chromosome level in cancer cells?: Evidence from human melanoma cells

We evaluated whether genetic instability, which is the hallmark of cancer cells, can be investigated at the single chromosomal level. We established in culture and examined a human malignant melanoma cell line and its 11 distinct clones as well as peripheral blood cultures from the original patient by G-banding, C-banding, and silver-staining (AgNOR) techniques. There were six marker chromosomes common to most of the 11 clones and eight or nine additional marker chromosomes found in only one or in very few clones. Chromosome 1 had a pericentric inversion in the C-banded region in both the tumor and the lymphocyte metaphase spreads. This same homologue was also involved in the formation of one of the shared marker chromosomes; this marker, in turn, was rearranged to form two unique markers in one clone. Our findings suggest that genetic instability can be studied at the single chromosome level. Moreover, this study further supports our earlier contention that peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures can show chromosomal lesions that are stable markers in cancer cells.
A Cultural Immersion Field Experience: Examining Preservice Music Teachers' Beliefs About Cultural Differences in the Music Classroom

While the United States is becoming increasingly diverse with regard to race, ethnicity, primary language, religion, and culture, many educators feel unprepared to teach students from sociocultural...
Use of Pterional Craniotomy for Removal of Penetrating Object: Case Report and Surgical Video.

Background Penetrating injuries are dangerous because they can damage intracranial structures. Removal of the object carries this same risk of injury, so neurosurgeons often visualize the injury via craniotomy during removal. Case Description This report illustrates the case of a 41-year-old man who had a penetrating injury with a knife that started in the left nasal passage and extended to the parasellar region. Computed tomography angiography revealed an associated sphenoid fracture and showed the tip of the knife within the parasellar space with preservation of the internal carotid artery, ophthalmic artery, optic nerve, and pituitary gland. The patient was taken to the operating room for a right pterional craniotomy and the knife was removed in the operating room in a combined effort between neurosurgery and otorhinolaryngology. Conclusions The patient progressed well without complications postoperatively and was discharged 5 days later. We provide a report with video showing our surgical approach for removal of a penetrating object through the tuberculum sellae.
Blaming Beauty for the Beast: A Jungian Explanation for the Persistence of Patriarchal Patterns

Rape was a prominent theme in Greek mythology and has recently re-emerged in the media spotlight due to the #MeToo and #TimesUp movements as well as celebrity-involved cases of sexual assault and sexual harassment (i.e., Bill Cosby and Harvey Weinstein). The current paper examines three ancient Greek myths involving rapes committed by gods. A qualitative content analysis was done to compare these myths to modern day sexual assaults. Latent content results were analyzed and framed within the context of Jungian theory. Prior research has placed rape and other sexual assaults within a patriarchal framework, presuming strategic male hegemony. Archetype theory offers an alternative, and more benign, explanation for the prevalence of rape myths, the persistence of gender power differentials, and for the perpetuation of ancient stereotypes. Analysis of study findings within a Jungian framework suggests a possible solution for these persistent problems within society, one worthy of empirical investigation.
The study and modeling of atrazine fate in buffer strips soil

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