cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proper Proactive Training to Terrorist Presence and Operations in Friendly Urban Environments

As police organizations in democratic countries struggle to mount a proper reactive and proactive approach to the internal and external terrorist threats, the variety of responses in counter-terrorism (C-T) range from innovative to inadequate or simply misguided. This chapter examines various attempts of law enforcement agencies around the world to rapidly reorganize their infrastructure to provide, at minimum, a feeling of safety and security to the public, which does not always translate into effective tactics and strategies. Suggestions for change of directions and new training modules together with reorganization of certain field units will constitute the backbone of a proper proactive response in the friendly urban environments.
The Challenge of Dynamic Similarity Assessment

Throughout the development cycle of structural components or assemblies that require new and unproven manufacturing techniques, the issue of unit to unit variability inevitably arises. The challenge of defining dynamic similarity between units is a problem that is often overlooked or forgotten, but can be very important depending on the functional criteria of the final product. This work aims to provide some guidance on the approach to such a problem, utilizing different methodologies from the modal and vibration testing community. Expanding on previous efforts, a non-intrusive dynamic characterization test is defined to assess similarity on an assembly that is currently being developed. As the assembly is qualified through various test units, the same data sets are taken to build a database of “similarity” data. The work presented here will describe the challenges observed with defining similarity metrics on a multi-body structure with a limited quantity of test units. Also, two statistical characterizations of dynamic FRFs are presented from which one may choose criterion based on some judgment to establish whether units are in or out of family. The methods may be used when the “intended purpose” or “functional criteria” are unknown.
Dermatologic surgery emergencies: Complications caused by occlusion and blood pressure

While the overall incidence of emergencies in dermatologic surgery is low, emergent situations can occasionally pose a risk to patients undergoing such procedures. The clinical importance of several types of emergences related to vascular occlusion, hypertension, and hypotension are reviewed, and relevant epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, work-up, management, and prevention are discussed. Early detection of these emergencies can mitigate or forestall associated adverse outcomes, thereby allowing the outstanding record of safety of dermatologic surgery to continue.
Inferring spatial variations of microstructural properties from macroscopic mechanical response

Disease alters tissue microstructure, which in turn affects the macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue. In elasticity imaging, the macroscopic response is measured and is used to infer the spatial distribution of the elastic constitutive parameters. When an empirical constitutive model is used, these parameters cannot be linked to the microstructure. However, when the constitutive model is derived from a microstructural representation of the material, it allows for the possibility of inferring the local averages of the spatial distribution of the microstructural parameters. This idea forms the basis of this study. In particular, we first derive a constitutive model by homogenizing the mechanical response of a network of elastic, tortuous fibers. Thereafter, we use this model in an inverse problem to determine the spatial distribution of the microstructural parameters. We solve the inverse problem as a constrained minimization problem and develop efficient methods for solving it. We apply these methods to displacement fields obtained by deforming gelatin-agar co-gels and determine the spatial distribution of agar concentration and fiber tortuosity, thereby demonstrating that it is possible to image local averages of microstructural parameters from macroscopic measurements of deformation.
Saving the spandrels? Adaptive genomic variation in conservation and fisheries management†

As highlighted by many of the papers in this issue, research on the genomic basis of adaptive phenotypic variation in natural populations has made spectacular progress in the past few years, largely due to the advances in sequencing technology and analysis. Without question, the resulting genomic data will improve the understanding of regions of the genome under selection and extend knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. What is far less clear, but has been the focus of active discussion, is how such information can or should transfer into conservation practice to complement more typical conservation applications of genetic data. Before such applications can be realized, the evolutionary importance of specific targets of selection relative to the genome-wide diversity of the species as a whole must be evaluated. The key issues for the incorporation of adaptive genomic variation in conservation and management are discussed here, using published examples of adaptive genomic variation associated with specific phenotypes in salmonids and other taxa to highlight practical considerations for incorporating such information into conservation programmes. Scenarios are described in which adaptive genomic data could be used in conservation or restoration, constraints on its utility and the importance of validating inferences drawn from new genomic data before applying them in conservation practice. Finally, it is argued that an excessive focus on preserving the adaptive variation that can be measured, while ignoring the vast unknown majority that cannot, is a modern twist on the adaptationist programme that Gould and Lewontin critiqued almost 40 years ago.
Production of TGF-β Is Decreased in the Bone Marrow of Double Knockout (DKO) SMAD3-/- Fancd2-/- Mice

Abstract Homologous deletion recombinant negative DKO mice, missing action of both Fancd2 and SMAD3 proteins were derived to test the hypothesis that abrogation of TGF-β signaling would reverse Fanconi Anemia (FA) stem cell sensitivity to TGF-β. To determine whether DKO mouse tissues demonstrated detectable differences in production of the ligand for TGF-β receptor, tissues from adult six - eight week old DKO mice were compared to those from Fancd2-/- (C57BL/6J background), SMAD3-/- (129/Sv genetic background), or wild type F1 mice (129/Sv X B6) for levels of TGF-β. Tissues examined included bone marrow, intestine, spleen, liver, muscle, and brain. Tissues were homogenized, and analyzed for bone marrow protein by Luminex analysis using a TGF beta 1 multispecies kit for Luminex Platform (Life Technologies). The results demonstrated decreased but not significant production of TGF-β in the bone marrow of DKO mice (3068 ± 753 pg TGF-β/mg protein) compared to 5211 ± 1662 (p = 0.0761) for wild type F1 mice (129/Sv X B6), and 5192 ± 705 (0.1085) for Fancd2-/- mice. However, TGF-β production in DKO was significantly decreased compared to Smad3-/- (129/Sv) mice (9828 ± 1076, p = 0.0127). The lungs from DKO also had decreased TGF-β production compared to wild type F1 mice (436 ± 125 and 1159 ± 44 pg/mg, respectively, p= 0.0217). Decreased TGF-β production was also seen in the DKO liver compared to F1 wild type liver (13.2 ± 1.7 and 33.5 ± 3.6, respectively, p = 0.0072). Bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from long-term bone marrow cultures of each mouse strain were tested for production of TGF-β. SMAD3-/- bone marrow stromal cells also had an increased production of TGF-β (236 pg/mg) compared to wild type F1, Fancd2-/- and DKO cell lines (117, 136 and 144 pg/ml). Bone marrow CFU-GEMM from each mouse strain was tested for sensitivity to inhibition by increasing concentrations of TGF-β, and both fresh bone marrow from DKO and SMAD3-/- mice demonstrated no TGF-β mediated abrogation of colony formation. In contrast, fresh marrow from wild type and Fancd2-/- mice demonstrated TGF-β concentration dependent inhibition of CFU-GEMM colony formation in vitro. These data indicate that TGF-β production in DKO mice is decreased in bone marrow, lung and liver compared to that in F1 wild type, SMAD3-/- or Fancd2-/- mice, and suggest that the control of TGF-β production by abrogation of TGF-β signaling in the setting of deletion of Fancd2 may be modulated in an organ specific manner. Supported by research grant NIAID/NIH, U19A168021. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dermatologic Reactions to Targeted Therapy: A Focus on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors and Nursing Care

Cancer treatments usually have side effects of bone marrow depression, mucositis, hair loss, and gastrointestinal issues. Rarely do we think of skin side effects until patients have been treated successfully with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi). Those reactions include papulopustular rash, hair changes, radiation dermatitis enhancement, pruritus, mucositis, xerosis, fissures, and paronychia. This article discusses the common skin reactions seen when using EGFRi and presents an overview of skin as the largest and important organ of the body, including an overview of skin assessment, pathophysiology of the skin reactions, nursing care involved, and introduction to oncodermatology.
Quantifying the association of chipped stone crescents with wetlands and paleoshorelines of western North America

In America’s Far West, chipped stone crescents dating between approximately 12,000 to 8000 cal BP are often found associated with Western Stemmed Tradition points. Crescent function is debated, but...
The Baker's Dozen: Key Nations Can and Should Act Together to Prevent Further Dangerous Climate Change

Most international responses to climate change assume we need a ‘global’ solution. Game theory and political science both support limiting the negotiating parties to enable a more rapid and aggressive response. Given that 90 percent of emissions come from 12 percent of nations, we argue if a ‘Baker’s Dozen’ of nations bands together, they can make great strides in combating climate change. With aggressive measures, their action would be sufficient to greatly reduce the likelihood of additional dangerous climate change, defined as widespread and irreversible change. We give three reasons why these nations should act: ability to act; responsibility to act; self-interest in acting.
A Novel Porous Polymers Manufacturing Technique

There are many applications of porous materials, including the polymer, water, and metal fi ltration units of various industries; catalytic substrates; fuel cell components; surgical masks for doctors; “gortex” gloves for skiers; etc. In this paper, we discuss a novel method to make porous polymers. This method utilizes a mixture containing a biological agent (such as fungi) and a polymer. Characterization of the samples using the optical microscope and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) will also be discussed.
Antisense cyclin D1 inhibits growth of head and neck cancer xenografts in nude mice: Third Place—Resident Research Competition, AAO-2000

Abstract Problem: Cyclin D1 is a regulatory factor essential in the progression of the cell cycle from G1 through S phase. Amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 have been observed in many human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We have previously transfected a HNSCC control cell line (CCL23) with an antisense cyclin D1 plasmid and demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we examine whether antisense cyclin D1 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Methods/measures: The CCL23 and its antisense cyclin D1 transfected clone (CCL23 AS) were injected into the flanks of nude mice. Tumor growth was monitored weekly. After 5 weeks, tumors were removed and studied for tumor size, cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity, and retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation. Results: Compared with the control tumors, 11 of 19 antisense tumors were smaller, 7 tumors were of equal size, and 1 tumor was larger. Immunohistochemical analysis with an anti-cyclin D1 antibody demonstrated decreased cyclin D1 expression in CCL23 AS and the smaller antisense tumors. Cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity was reduced in CCL23 AS and the smaller antisense tumors, and this was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphorylated Rb in these samples. Conclusion: Antisense cyclin D1 inhibits growth of HNSCC tumors. Cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1-dependent kinase activity, and Rb phosphorylation are decreased in these tumors. Clinical significance: These findings lend support for the potential use of antisense cyclin D1 as gene therapy for HNSCC. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;124:656-62.)
Abstract 1230: Talazoparib, a second generation PARP inhibitor, is a novel therapy for PTEN mutants in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, other than skin cancer, in the United States. When the cancer enters into the metastatic castration resistant stage (mCRPC), few treatment options are currently available and the disease is considered incurable. The purpose of this study is to investigate a new, targeted therapy against prostate cancers, including mCRPC. Talazoparib is a novel PARP inhibitor with up to 100-fold higher potency and PARP affinity when compared to PARP inhibitors such as olaparib, veliparib, and rucaparib. Current literature suggests that PTEN mutants have high sensitivity to talazoparib. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly lost in prostate cancers. A murine prostate cancer cell line, Myc-CaP, which has been modified to overexpress the oncogene Myc, was edited by the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out the PTEN gene. Myc-CaP and Myc-CaP PTEN KO cells were treated with olaparib, an FDA approved, first generation PARP inhibitor, and talazoparib. Talazoparib decreased cell viability significantly more in PTEN KO cells versus PTEN wild-type (WT) cells. No such trend was observed when these cells were treated with olaparib. In addition, IC50 values in prostate cancer cell lines with heterozygous or homozygous deletion of PTEN were up to 20 times lower with the talazoparib treatment when compared to olaparib. Not only does this indicate that talazoparib is much more potent than olaparib, but also preferentially impairs cell growth in PTEN mutants. PTEN’s signal transduction prevents the phosphorylation of AKT, which is necessary for cell proliferation. When cells were treated with an AKT inhibitor, MK2206, alone or in combination with talazoparib, pAKT protein levels decreased, but the greatest effect was seen when MK2206 was used in combination with a low dose of talazoparib in the Myc-Cap cell line with wt PTEN. Western blot analysis showed that PTEN was upregulated following talazoparib treatment. These results indicate synergy of talazoparib and MK2206 in reducing the phosphorylation of AKT in a dose-dependent manner. Talazoparib is by far the most potent PARP inhibitor developed to date. With talazoparib potentially acting on prostate cancer with PTEN mutations, talazoparib treatment may expand current PARP inhibitor treatment in advanced prostate cancers and thereby elicit a response in as many as 80% of patients. Thus, talazoparib has vast therapeutic potential in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Zachary Z. Reinstein, Rajita Vatapalli, Jonathan Anker, Sahithi Pamarthy, Benedito Carneiro, Sarki Abdulkadir. Talazoparib, a second generation PARP inhibitor, is a novel therapy for PTEN mutants in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1230. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1230
Attitudes and perceptions about cigarette smoking among nonsmoking high school students.

Purpose To explore the association between cigarette smoking intention and attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control as identified by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in a cohort of nonsmoking teenagers. Methods A convenience sample of 76 nonsmoking students from a rural Northeastern Pennsylvania high school completed a self-administered questionnaire based on the TPB, which included cigarette smoking behavior, intention, and the direct measures of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Conclusions Regression analyses demonstrated that all three independent variables (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) contributed significantly to the respondents' intention to not smoke cigarettes, accounting for 64% of the variance. These findings may have implications for promoting nonsmoking behavior. Implications for practice This is the first study to examine the efficacy of the TPB in predicting the intention to not smoke in a cohort of all nonsmokers. The intention to not smoke was significantly correlated with the respondents' negative general attitudes toward cigarette smoking, belief that significant others would disapprove of their cigarette smoking, and positive tobacco refusal self-efficacy. Understanding the factors associated with nonsmoking behavior in teenagers is important information for nurse practitioners, as we develop strategies to encourage and reinforce cigarette smoking abstinence.
ASPECTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CONTRACT TERMS IN THE BIO/PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR

Purpose – The cost of new drug development is increasing every year. Pharmaceutical companies use R&D joint ventures, mergers, and outsource different stages of pharmaceutical R&D activities for a faster and cost minimizing method of innovation. Pharmaceutical companies outsource R&D activities to independent small biotech or pharmaceutical companies that specialize in different stages of pharmaceutical R&D. This chapter examines the determinants of the payment structure of research contracts between large bio/pharmaceutical companies and specialized research firms. Methods – Determinants of RD royalty contracts, fixed payment contracts, and the mixed contracts. Findings – Under uncertainty, the likelihood of a royalty contract rises for the early stages of the research and with the patent stock of the research firm. It is more likely to observe both royalty and fixed payment if the pharmaceutical client has past contracts with the same research firm. The results also suggest that if Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is more stringent in any disease area in reviewing the new drug application, then the likelihood of signing pure royalty contract decreases. Implications – Understanding the nature of R&D contracts and the effects of FDA's behavior on the pharmaceutical R&D contract is important because these contracts not only affect the cost of new drug invention but also the quality and the rate of invention. Value – Results are useful for both the pharmaceutical companies and the economic/business researchers.
Identifying high-risk asthma with utilization data: a revised HEDIS definition

Objective To develop a definition of high-risk asthma that more precisely identifies patients needing case management than the 2006 Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) definition. Study design Two-year claims-based study, with cross-sectional phone survey data, for a sample of 769 youths (age 11-17 years) with asthma. Methods The 2006 HEDIS measure defines high-risk asthma as meeting any of the following criteria: >1 emergency department (ED) visits, > or =1 hospitalizations for asthma, > or =4 asthma medication prescriptions, or > or =4 ambulatory visits for asthma with > or =2 prescriptions for asthma medication in 1 year. We created a revised definition (> or =1 ED visits or > or =1 hospitalizations for asthma or > or =1 oral steroid prescriptions for asthma) and identified patients with high-risk asthma in year 1 according to each definition. We compared the 2 groups on demographic and clinical characteristics, and healthcare utilization and costs in years 1 and 2. Results The revised definition identified 29% of the sample as having high-risk asthma, whereas the 2006 definition identified 67%. Compared with the 2006 definition, the revised definition identified patients with significantly greater asthma-related physical health problems and higher medical costs in year 1. In year 2, youths classified as high risk by the revised definition made more ED visits and were more likely to use oral steroids than those classified as high risk by the 2006 definition. Conclusion The revised high-risk asthma definition identifies half as many individuals and is better able to identify patients with poorly controlled asthma in the subsequent year.
Introduction and History

This chapter presents an overview of polyhedral boron cluster chemistry and recounts the serendipitous discovery and early characterization of carboranes and their relatives, which provided a foundation for the subsequent development of this area into a major field of research and application. The main structural classes of open- and closed-cage carboranes are introduced and diagrammed.
Error detection and visualization in digital elevation models

A digital elevation model (DEM) is a collection of elevation data that is stored point by point in a file. This data is important for many applications, such as developing topographical maps or for use in a geographical information system (GIS). When creating a DEM, errors frequently occur; and this project uses a few different methods to detect and create a visual representation of these errors.
Diagnostic Performance Evaluation of Spectrophotometers

ABSTRACT This paper describes a method for diagnosing the performance of a spectrophotometer by measuring the spectral reflectance (or transmittance) factors of a set of samples that have a variety of spectral shapes and features. Different types of errors are separated by mathematical analysis. Any error whose effect on a particular sample can be expressed as a mathematical function of that sample's spectral reflectance (or transmittance) factor can be included in the analysis. Examples show both the utility and the limitations of the method.
Eye Tracking for the Online Evaluation of Prosody in Speech Synthesis: Not So Fast!

This paper presents an eye-tracking experiment comparing the processing of different accent patterns in unit selection synthesis and human speech. The synthetic speech results failed to replicate the facilitative effect of contextually appropriate accent patterns found with human speech, while producing a more robust intonational garden-path effect with contextually inappropriate patterns, both of which could be due to processing delays seen with the synthetic speech. As the synthetic speech was of high quality, the results indicate that eye tracking holds promise as a highly sensitive and objective method for the online evaluation of prosody in speech synthesis. Index Terms: speech synthesis, evaluation, prosody, eye tracking, unit selection
A Statistical Model To Evaluate Analyte Homogeneity for a Material

An underlying assumption for collaborative studies is that the analyte variation among test samples of the material (i.e., matrix and analyte concentration combination) under study has a negligible influence on the estimates of precision for the method. This assumption is expected to be fulfilled when the material under study is prepared (i.e., thoroughly mixed) such that the analyte is distributed uniformly throughout the matrix. Statistical design and intra-class correlation analysis procedures are proposed to assess the similarity or agreement among analytical results among- and within-containers for single and multiple occasions of use (e.g., collaborative and proficiency studies).
Prognosis interfered with by clonal interference.

In this issue of Blood , Itzykson et al report on deep sequencing of 6 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes ( KIT , NRAS , KRAS , FLT3 , JAK2 , and CBL ) in samples from a cohort of 445 patients (adult and pediatric) with core-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with intensive chemotherapy. 1
Telemedicine in the ICU: clinical outcomes, economic aspects, and trainee education.

Purpose of reviewThe evidence base for telemedicine in the ICU (tele-ICU) is rapidly expanding. The last 2 years have seen important additions to our understanding of when, where, and how telemedicine in the ICU adds value.Recent findingsRecent publications and a recent meta-analysis confirm that te
Control of Separated Flow Using Actuated Compliant Membrane Wings

Membrane wings exhibit several aerodynamic advantages at low Reynolds numbers, passively adapting to flow conditions and delaying stall to significantly higher angles of attack relative to rigid wi...
Understanding Definitions of Health for Individuals With Intellectual Disability (ID) Using Photovoice

Date Presented 04/06/19 Individuals with ID experience limited autonomy in occupational engagement impacting their health promoting occupations. Photovoice was used to allow individuals with ID to capture their lived experience of health, occupational participation, and barriers to participation. Understanding the perspective of individuals with ID will contribute to the development of novel health promotion programing. Primary Author and Speaker: Brittany St. John Additional Authors and Speakers: Karla Ausderau, Holly Romaniak, Elisabeth Hladik
Load Monitoring and Modeling for Effective Realtime Volt/Var Control

Detailed load monitoring is critical for real-time Volt/Var Control (VVC) in distribution systems. Estimating the load behavior becomes even more critical in one of the common forms of VVC - Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR). In this paper, a load monitoring and modeling method is proposed to support real-time VVC. A recursive estimation method is used to identify the parameter of the proposed load model in real-time. The proposed load model and its estimation are tested on IEEE 13 node system with detailed load modeling of 629 houses. Simulation results show that the recursive estimation method tracks the measurements well and performs better than least square method with a 5 min real-time control step.
Dioxane-Linked Amide Derivatives as Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors against Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus

In recent years, novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) have been developed as future antibacterials for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. A series of dioxane-linked NBTIs with an amide moiety has been synthesized and evaluated. Compound 3 inhibits DNA gyrase, induces the formation of single strand breaks to bacterial DNA, and achieves potent antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Optimization of this series of analogues led to the discovery of a subseries of compounds (22-25) with more potent anti-MRSA activity, dual inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, and the ability to induce double strand breaks through inhibition of S. aureus DNA gyrase.
Management of audio-visual records at the National Archives of Namibia

The study sought to determine the role that the National Archives of Namibia plays in the management of audio visuals in an attempt to curtail the deterioration of audio-visual archives which are kept in various organisations, some of which are unknown to the National Archives of Namibia. A qualitative method was applied in the study. The case study used the interpretive paradigm which enabled the researcher to triangulate the data collection instruments. Interviews, questionnaires and observation checklists were used to collect data. Content analysis was carried out to analyse data from interviews, document review and the observations. While Excel software provided descriptive statistics on graphs. The results indicated that AV materials were created and stored by various organisations, including the National Archives of Namibia, which oversees the management of all records. The Archives Act (Act 12 of 1992), section 4(1), gives a mandate to the National Archives of Namibia for control over records and archives of all formats in government offices, offices of local authorities and statutory institutions. Nonetheless, there are instances where AV materials are not deposited or stored in appropriate conditions. It is also apparent that different cataloguing and classification systems are used by different organisations. It is clear that most of the organisations manage AV materials in the same way as paper formats records. There is also an inadequately skilled workforce who were given a responsibility to manage AV materials. The study was limited to the Khomas region. Since there are 14 regions in Namibia, the findings cannot be generalized to other regions. Future studies should cover other regions. The results point to the need for the National Archives of Namibia to adopt an integrated approach to the management of AV records. This will require the NAN to work in cooperation with public sector institutions and empower them to preserve AV materials while, at the same time, they continue to deposit copies with the National Archives of Namibia. Unlike previous studies on management of audio visual archives in Namibia, this study included other organisations. The results give a clear picture of the role the National Archives plays in the management of audio visual records and archives.
Attentional biases towards food and body stimuli among individuals with disordered eating versus food allergies.

Abstract Background and objectives Individuals with disordered eating display heightened attentional biases towards food- and body-related stimuli. However, it is unknown whether these attentional biases reflect maladaptive thinking/eating pathology. We investigated the differences between maladaptive and adaptive ways of thinking about food by assessing food- and body-related attentional biases among individuals with disordered eating, participants with peanut allergies (i.e., individuals who think frequently about food in an adaptive manner), and healthy controls. We also examined the extent to which negative mood and rumination exacerbated attentional biases among those in these groups. Method Three hundred and twenty-one individuals with disordered eating (n = 139), peanut allergies (n = 60), and healthy controls (n = 122) completed food- and body-based Stroop tasks prior to and following a cognitive rumination task designed to increase negative mood. Results Individuals with disordered eating and individuals with peanut allergies had significantly worse performance on the food and body Stroop tasks relative to healthy controls at baseline (ps Limitations The cognitive rumination task heightened negative mood for those in the disordered eating group but not for those in the peanut allergy or healthy control groups. Conclusions Findings suggest that frequent thoughts involving food are associated with attentional biases towards food and body stimuli. This appears to be the case regardless of whether these frequent thoughts are due to disordered eating or to fear of an allergic reaction.
CEREBRAL AND SOMATIC OXIMETRY AS AN EARLY PREDICTOR OF SHOCK IN AN INFANT WITH TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT VESSELS

Haemodynamic instability in the preoperative neonate with cyanotic congenital heart disease impacts morbidity and mortality. The use of cerebral and somatic oximetry may provide an early warning of impending shock, prior to acidosis. A 2.78 kg infant presented with transposition of the great vessels. Cerebral and somatic oximetry was initiated. The infant became febrile, with tachycardia and poor urine output (B). Tachypnoea and tachycardia (D) worsened, followed by apnoea and unresponsiveness (E). The patient was intubated and assisted ventilation begun. Arterial blood gas revealed pH 7.11, PaCO2 16, PaO2 70, base deficit −24. The infant developed cardiac arrest requiring resuscitation. The patient was emergently placed on extracorporeal life support (F), subsequently developing asystole. Life support was discontinued and the infant died. Autopsy did not elucidate a cause of death. A rapid response to declining cerebral and renal rSO2 values may have prevented this untimely death. Rapid decline preceded the development of acidosis, a commonly used marker of distress in the preoperative neonate with congenital heart disease. We suggest routine preoperative monitoring in the infant with cyanotic congenital heart disease, using two-site cerebral and renal oximetry.
Fabrication of 3D Models for Microtia Reconstruction Using Smartphone-Based Technology.

Objective:Microtia reconstruction is technically challenging due to the intricate contours of the ear. It is common practice to use a two-dimensional tracing of the patient’s normal ear as a templa...
Surface Chemistry Guides the Orientations of Adhering E. coli Cells Captured from Flow

Motivated by observations of cell orientation at biofilm-substrate interfaces and reports that cell orientation and adhesion play important roles in biofilm evolution and function, we investigated the influence of surface chemistry on the orientation of Escherichia coli cells captured from flow onto surfaces that were cationic, hydrophobic, or anionic. We characterized the initial orientations of nonmotile cells captured from gentle shear relative to the surface and flow directions. The broad distribution of captured cell orientations observed on cationic surfaces suggests that rapid electrostatic attractions of cells to oppositely charged surfaces preserve the instantaneous orientations of cells as they rotate in the near-surface shearing flow. By contrast, on hydrophobic and anionic surfaces, cells were oriented slightly more in the plane of the surface and in the flow direction compared with that on the cationic surface. This suggests slower development of adhesion at hydrophobic and anionic surfaces, allowing cells to tip toward the surface as they adhere. Once cells were captured, the flow was increased by 20-fold. Cells did not reorient substantially on the cationic surface, suggesting a strong cell-surface bonding. By contrast, on hydrophobic and anionic surfaces, increased shear forced cells to tip toward the surface and align in the flow direction, a process that was reversible upon reducing the shear. These findings suggest mechanisms by which surface chemistry may play a role in the evolving structure and function of microbial communities.
Contributions of nearby agricultural insecticide applications to indoor residential exposures

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pesticide exposure has been associated with adverse health effects; individuals may be exposed to pesticide drift from nearby agricultural fields. We evaluated relationships bet...
Wear and Tear of the Intestinal Visceral Musculature by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors

The gut visceral musculature plays essential roles in not only moving substances through the lumen but also maintaining the function and physiology of the gut. Although the development of the visceral musculature has been studied in multiple model organisms, how it degenerates is poorly understood. Here, we employ the Drosophila midgut as a model to demonstrate that the visceral musculature is disrupted by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as aging, feeding, chemical-induced tissue damage, and oncogenic transformation in the epithelium. Notably, we define four prominent visceral musculature disruption phenotypes, which we refer as ′sprout′, ′discontinuity′, ′furcation′, and ′crossover′ of the longitudinal muscle. Given that the occurrence of these phenotypes is increased during aging and under various stresses, we propose that these phenotypes can be used as quantitative readouts of deterioration of the visceral musculature. Intriguingly, administration of a tissue-damaging chemical dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced similar visceral musculature disruption phenotypes in zebrafish larvae, indicating that ingestion of a tissue-damaging chemical can disrupt the visceral musculature in a vertebrate as well. Our study provides insights into the deterioration of the gut visceral musculature and lays a groundwork for investigating the underlying mechanisms in Drosophila as well as other animals.
Geriatric oral health competency among dental providers.

Background Geriatrics as an educational topic has been a high priority in current health care. The innovative Age-Friendly health system with the 4Ms structure (what Matters most, Medication, Mentation, Mobility) needs to be integrated into oral health and dental services training. The purpose of this study is to respond to one question: are the graduating general dentists trained and prepared to treat medically vulnerable elderly in communities? Methods All pre-doctorate dental students from first year to fourth year were invited to voluntarily respond to an online survey provided on Qualtrics. The survey provided examples of two broken molar teeth that need extraction. First, students were asked how comfortable they felt extracting the two molars based on the x-rays. Then, the question was repeated to evaluate if they felt comfortable with extracting the teeth in a patient with one chronic condition and related medication(s). Finally, the students were again questioned whether they feel comfortable to provide the same service to medically vulnerable patients with multiple health conditions and polypharmacy. Results The majority of students who participated in this study said they were comfortable with extracting the teeth of patients without any chronic condition. However, many more chose to refer medically vulnerable patients with multiple chronic conditions and polypharmacy to a specialist. Conclusions Dental education in many U.S. dental schools may provide adequate education and create competent general dentists. Yet, the competency and confidence required for dentists to be able to treat older adults with multiple health conditions and using prescribed or over-the-counter medication is insufficient.
Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes

This book challenges the conventional wisdom that natural resource wealth promotes autocracy. Oil and other forms of mineral wealth can promote both authoritarianism and democracy, the book argues, but they do so through different mechanisms; an understanding of these different mechanisms can help elucidate when either the authoritarian or democratic effects of resource wealth will be relatively strong. Exploiting game-theoretic tools and statistical modeling as well as detailed country case studies and drawing on fieldwork in Latin America and Africa, this book builds and tests a theory that explains political variation across resource-rich states. It will be read by scholars studying the political effects of natural resource wealth in many regions, as well as by those interested in the emergence and persistence of democratic regimes.
The Cambridge Introduction to Postmodernism

The Cambridge Introduction to Postmodernism surveys the full spectrum of postmodern culture - high and low, avant-garde and popular, famous and obscure - across a range of fields, from architecture and visual art to fiction, poetry, and drama. It deftly maps postmodernism's successive historical phases, from its emergence in the 1960s to its waning in the first decades of the twenty-first century. Weaving together multiple strands of postmodernism - people and places from Andy Warhol, Jefferson Airplane and magical realism, to Jean-Francois Lyotard, Laurie Anderson and cyberpunk - this book creates a rich picture of a complex cultural phenomenon that continues to exert an influence over our present 'post-postmodern' situation. Comprehensive and accessible, this Introduction is indispensable for scholars, students, and general readers interested in late twentieth-century culture.
Rising Inequality in Mexico: Returns to Household Characteristics and the 'Chiapas Effect'

Using data from the Mexican National Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, we decompose the effects of returns to household characteristics and geographical variables to determine the relative importance of these factors in explaining the rising income inequality experienced in the 1984-94 period. Whereas household characteristics explain the largest share of the changes in inequality, the deteriorating conditions in the Southern region are found to account for a significant portion of rising income inequality in the country.
Whose business is it anyway

This article examines how gender may account for productivity gaps across enterprises. First, using data from six countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the article demonstrates that the extent and significance of any productivity gap by gender depends critically on the criteria used to classify an enterprise. Using a definition of ‘female participation in ownership,’ there are few differences in average performance measures. However, a 12% productivity gap emerges when a tighter definition, based on decision-making control, is used. Second, the article examines which entrepreneurial characteristics (education, management skills, experience and the motivation for being an entrepreneur) are most associated with higher productivity. The findings reveal that there are some gender gaps in the prevalence of these characteristics, but that these do not account for the overall gender productivity gap. Rather, while women benefit as much as men from education and management skills, there are non-linear impacts by gender in the benefits of having a family background in entrepreneurship; sons rather than daughters benefit from having a father that was an entrepreneur or from joining a family enterprise.
A novel microwave fatigue crack detection technique using an open-ended coaxial line

Surface crack detection on metallic structures (aircraft fuselage, turbine blades and nuclear power plant steam generator turbines) is of utmost importance. The use of an open-ended coaxial line for this purpose is very attractive because it offers advantages such as a wide frequency band of operation, small aperture (sensing) area, and excellent sensitivity. >
Acoustic localization of an autonomous underwater vehicle

A localization method was used to determine acoustic localization of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Localization referred to an estimate of the position of the AUV in relation to a coordinate system set up on the ice surface. A three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system was selected with origin corresponding to the deployment and recovery hole. Short range localization was conducted using a network of Teledyne Benthos acoustic modems where one of the modems was contained in the AUV. It was observed that around four modems were suspended through holes distributed over the ice surface. One of the modems was placed at the deployment and recovery hole and designated the gate modem in the arrangement for the method. All network communications were controlled through the gateway modem and the time for travel of an acoustic pulse between two modems was obtained using a broadcast or polling request.
Genetic Determinism as a Failing Paradigm in Biology and Medicine: Implications for Health and Wellness

(2003). Genetic Determinism as a Failing Paradigm in Biology and Medicine. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 169-191.
Thiosemicarbazone and Semicarbazone Chelating Resins and Their Potential Use in Environmental Applications

An effective means for removing harmful metals from the environment has been studied through the use of thiosemicarbazone (TSC) and semicarbazone (SC) chelating resins. The ability to chelate radioactive tracer metals out of aqueous solutions at environmental pH values was observed with these resins. Resin loading data was studied to determine the amount of exchange sites occupied by the ligands. The comparative ability of three different structural backbones on the ligand structures to adsorb radioactive tracer metals was determined by a batch technique at various pH values. Dry-weight distribution, Dw, values were calculated for the chelating resins.
The Analysis of ChIP-Seq Data

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra-high-throug put parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) is an effective technology for the investigation of genome-wide protein-DNA interactions. Examples of applications include the studies of RNA polymerases transcription, transcriptional regulation, and histone modifications. The technology provides accurate and high-resolution mapping of the protein-DNA binding loci that are important in the understanding of many processes in development and diseases. Since the introduction of ChIP-seq experiments in 2007, many statistical and computational methods have been developed to support the analysis of the massive datasets from these experiments. However, because of the complex, multistaged analysis workflow, it is still difficult for an experimental investigator to conduct the analysis of his or her own ChIP-seq data. In this chapter, we review the basic design of ChIP-seq experiments and provide an in-depth tutorial on how to prepare, to preprocess, and to analyze ChIP-seq datasets. The tutorial is based on a revised version of our software package CisGenome, which was designed to encompass most standard tasks in ChIP-seq data analysis. Relevant statistical and computational issues will be highlighted, discussed, and illustrated by means of real data examples.
The evidence for pre-programming in the control of disparity vergence

Recent evidence has shown that there are two neural control processes involved in disparity vergence motor control: a fast component and a slow component. The fast component provides the major drive for the initial portion of the transient response (the first 300 ms of the movement) and appears to be open-loop. In the present work, the authors investigate the relationship between the fast component and the stimulus features which selectively activate this component. It is shown that neither presentation time (as brief as 50 ms) nor target size affects the amplitude of the initial component; however, the stimulus amplitude does influence the initial component amplitude. These results indicate that the initial component of the dynamic vergence response is mediated by preprogrammed control. >
The origin of PPP theory

An historical account is given of the part played by the author in the development of PPP theory in the early 1950s.
Parent Involvement and Children’s Academic and Social Development in Elementary School

Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Childcare and Youth Development (N = 1,364) were used to investigate children's trajectories of academic and social development across 1st, 3rd, and 5th grades. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine within- and between-child associations among maternal and teacher reports of parent involvement and children's standardized achievement scores, social skills, and problem behaviors. Findings suggest that within-child improvements in parent involvement predict declines in problem behaviors and improvements in social skills but do not predict changes in achievement. Between-child analyses demonstrated that children with highly involved parents had enhanced social functioning and fewer behavior problems. Similar patterns of findings emerged for teacher and parent reports of parent involvement. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.