cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marijuana use and pregnancy: prevalence, associated characteristics, and birth outcomes

This study examines the prevalence, behaviors, and birth outcomes associated with marijuana use in pregnancy. This was a retrospective cohort from a university-based prenatal care clinic from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010. The primary exposure was marijuana use, defined by self-report or urine toxicology. Demographic and outcome data were determined by chart review and analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Three hundred and ninety-six patients initiated prenatal care during this time frame; 116 (29.3 %) of whom screened positive for marijuana at initial visit. Patients who used marijuana were less likely to have graduated high school (p = 0.016) or be employed (p = 0.015); they were more likely to use tobacco (p < 0.001) or alcohol (p = 0.032) and report a history of abuse (p = 0.010) or depressed mood (p = 0.023). When analyzed via logistic regression, only tobacco use remained associated with marijuana use (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.9–5.9). Birth outcomes were available for 170 (43.0 %) patients. Only 3 (1.9 %) tested positive for marijuana at the time of delivery. Marijuana use was not related to incidence of low birth weight (13.8 % vs 14.0 %, p = 1.00), preterm delivery (17.7 % vs 12.0 %, p = 0.325), or NICU admissions (25.5 % vs 15.8 %, p = 0.139). Prenatal care utilization was equal between marijuana users and non-users. Although marijuana is common among obstetric patients at prenatal care initiation, most cease use by delivery. Marijuana is strongly correlated with cigarette use. We found no differences in birth outcomes or utilization of prenatal care by marijuana exposure.
Impact of TennCare Reform on Care of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases

ABSTRACT Background As a consequence of cost-cutting changes, termed “TennCare reform,” to Tennessee’s state-funded health care plan, a number of beneficiaries have either had their benefits substantially reduced or have been disenrolled entirely. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of these reforms on the health of patients with chronic rheumatic diseases. Methods We determined differences with adherence to scheduled appointments in an urban academic rheumatology clinic in the 3 months before and in the 3 months after TennCare reform. A telephone survey was conducted to determine plans for future rheumatic care among those patients scheduled to be seen in this clinic in the 3 months after TennCare reform. Results Overall, 402 of the 601 patients scheduled for a rheumatology clinic appointment before TennCare reform (67%) adhered to their scheduled rheumatology appointment, compared with 362 of 595 patients (61%) scheduled for an appointment after TennCare reform, a difference that was statistically significant ( P = 0.034). After TennCare reform, patients who did not adhere with clinic follow-up were more likely to have been disenrolled from TennCare ( P Conclusions TennCare reform has significantly limited care for patients with rheumatic diseases. The long-term consequences of this merit future study.
Aqueous Self-Assembly of Unsymmetric Peptide Bolaamphiphiles into Nanofibers with Hydrophilic Cores and Surfaces

Unsymmetric peptide bolaamphiphiles that incorporate (l-glutamyl)3glycine at one terminus and either tetraethylene glycol or aspartic acid at the other were found to form hydrogels at low wt %, presumably by self-assembling into nanofibers presenting (l-glutamyl)3glycine at their surfaces and burying the second headgroup at their cores. Transmission electron microscopy measurements on 1 wt % gels negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid and positively stained with uranyl acetate show one-dimensional objects with diameters of 5 nm and lengths in excess of 1 μm. Circular dichroism and solid-state FTIR spectra indicate the adoption of β-sheet structure within the nanofibers.
Nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturation following tracheostomy for obstructive sleep apnea

Eleven obese men with coexistent obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent tracheostomy. Nocturnal polysomnography prior to tracheostomy revealed oxyhemoglobin desaturation associated with obstructive apnea. Following surgery, repeated polysomnography was performed to assess the effect of tracheostomy on nocturnal oxygen saturation. Non-apneic desaturation characteristic of that previously described in patients with "type B" chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was noted in six subjects. Oxyhemoglobin saturation in these six fell more than 8 percent below baseline waking and non-rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep levels. These episodes usually lasted five minutes or longer, occurred almost uniformly during REM sleep, and were acutely ameliorated by low-flow (4 liters per minute) supplemental oxygen. The subjects with REM-associated desaturation did not differ from the subjects without desaturation by preoperative anthropomorphic, blood gas, or pulmonary function criteria. However, subjects with REM-associated desaturation tended to have lower right and left ventricular ejection fractions by pooled gated wall studies. It is concluded that patients with obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be re-evaluated after tracheostomy, since they may be at risk for continued oxyhemoglobin desaturation and progressive right ventricular deterioration despite adequate treatment of their apneic condition.
Phase equilibria pertinent to the growth of cubic boron nitride

The practical synthesis of cubic boron nitride (cubic BN) requires the simultaneous application of hig temperatures and pressures. Since the discovery of cubic BN more detailed understanding of the chemistry of the process has been acquired from equilibria or “approach-to-equilibria” studies in the Li-B-N system. This paper describes some of these results and considers their application to the growth of borazon. The principal compound that coexists with cubic BN at high pressures and temperatures is a high pressure modification of Li3BN2 (called Li3BN2(W)). It has been shown that cubic BN does not form when this compound melts or decomposes. When BN is added to Li3BN2 in excess of the composition 53 mole% BN: 47 mole% Li3N, then cubic BN precipitates from solution. At 55 kb, the system Li3BN2-BN has a eutectie at 6% BN and 1610°c and the upper limit of the cubic BN plus liquid region is at 1750°C. The solubility curve is a very steep function of temperatures and consequently the system is not too favourable for crystal growth by slow cooling. These new results can be compared with previous results by plotting a series of P-T curves defining the stability region for cubic BN under different conditions. Good agreement is found between the solidus determined in the Li3BN2-BN study and the lower limit of the catalyst growth area. In effect, this lower limit is directly related to the initial formation of liquid in the Li3BN2-BN portion of the system. The lower temperature limit of growth of cubic BN reported from Li-BN compositions is below that of the present study and the catalyst growth area previously defined. This result would have some fundamental basis in fact if a lower temperature reaction involving cubic BN occurred in the ternary system Li-B-N.
Textile energy storage in perspective

Research on flexible and wearable electronics has been gaining momentum in recent years, ranging in use from medical to military and everyday consumer applications. Yet to date, textile electronics still lack integrated energy storage solutions. This paper provides an overview and perspective on the field of textile energy storage with a specific emphasis on devices made from textiles or made as a fabric themselves. While other types of flexible energy storage devices are discussed, the focus is on coated, fibre, woven as well as knitted supercapacitors and batteries.
Type, Source, and Patterns of Physical Victimization A Comparison of Male and Female Inmates

Remarkably little is known about the type, source, and patterns of physical victimization inside prison and less is known about whether differences in victimization exist between male and female inmates. This article explores the type, source, and patterns of physical victimization as reported by approximately 7,000 male and 560 female inmates. Respondents completed survey questions about seven types of physical victimization and two perpetrator sources (inmate and staff). These data show similarities and differences in patterns of victimization between male and female inmates and provide a rich description of victimization inside prison and its relationship to feeling safe there.
An Approach toward Computer Control of Redundancy in Textual Materials.

The presence of redundancy in written language has been established by a number of psychological researchers. Redundancy, when evident in terms of the presence of excess words, phrases and even sentences that are not essential to the kernel of meaning, can result in a possible textual processing inefficiency. On the basis of the occurrence of this inefficiency, one potential research area would be that of the selective controlling the presence of redundancy in text. The results of research in this area would have particularly useful effects on a visually handicapped individual since the inefficiency would have a more pronounced effect than on a normal individual. RDE (Redundancy Detection and Editing) System was developed as a prototype for a system that would possess the capability of controlling redundancy in textual material. The methodology involved in the design of the prototype encompassed results of studies from both computer science and education. The actual functioning of the prototype consists o...
A review of rail corrugation processes under different operating modes

After an extensive literature review was conducted as part of a study of rail corrugations on the Baltimore, Maryland, Metro track, basic differences in long-wavelength (heavy-haul railroad) and short-wavelength (transmit and higher-speed passenger railroad) corrugations were established. Consideration of these differences, along with analysis of the experimental data from both wayside and on-board transducers, allowed a focused theoretical analysis of the corrugation problem. The overall corrugation problem is discussed, based on the results of the literature review, and the results of the analysis are given. Some general conclusions and methods for controlling corrugations are presented. >
Temporal control on periodic schedules: Fine structure

The temporal pattern of the terminal response on periodic schedules depends on when responding begins. Pigeons pecking on fixed-interval and fixed-time schedules of food reinforcement responded, or accelerated, faster the later in an interval they began responding.
Early sexual maturity among Pumé foragers of Venezuela: Fitness implications of teen motherhood

Because humans have slow life histories, discussions of the optimal age at first birth have stressed the benefits of delayed reproduction. However, given the diversity of ecological, fertility, and mortality environments in which humans live, reproductive maturity is expected to be highly variable. This article uses reproductive histories to examine a pattern of early menarche and first birth among the Pume, a group of South American foragers. Age at menarche and first birth are constructed using both retrospective and cross-sectional data for females over the age of 10 (n = 83). The objectives are first to define these patterns and then discuss their reproductive consequences. On average, Pume girls reach menarche at age 12.9, and give birth to their first child at age 15.3-15.5 (retrospective and cross-sectional data, respectively). This populational average falls several years prior to what often is considered the human norm. Two questions are then considered. What are the infant mortality costs across a mother's reproductive career? How does surviving fertility vary with age at first birth? Results indicate that the youngest of first-time mothers ( or =17). Given parity-specific mortality rates, the optimal strategy to minimize infant mortality and maximize reproductive span is to initiate childbearing in the midteens. Women gain no additional advantage in surviving fertility by delaying childbearing until their late teens.
Algorithm to extract two-node bridges

Current bridge fault extraction techniques are limited by performance and capacity constraints. In this paper, we present a fast and accurate algorithm to extract and rank two-node bridges based on the computation of their weighted critical area. Experimental results showing the algorithm's performance are presented.
Effects of chemical modification of wheat starch on molecular mobility as studied by pulsed 1H NMR

Abstract The effects of hydroxypropylation (0.05, 0.12, and 0.18 molar substitution (MS)) and cross-linking (0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) on molecular mobility in low-moisture wheat starch were investigated by pulsed 1H NMR. Starch samples were equilibrated over an aw range of 0–0.93. Transverse relaxation (T2) times of the systems were obtained from single-pulse and CPMG experiments and were analysed by distributed exponential fitting. T 2s ∗ values associated with starch molecules increased with increasing MS of hydroxypropyl group, indicating increased mobility of starch chains. Proton relaxation was not significantly affected by cross-linking. The proton relaxation associated with water in control (alkali treated), hydroxypropylated and cross-linked starch showed two distinct populations for samples at aw between 0.43 and 0.93. In general, water mobility in both regions increased as aw or hydroxypropyl MS increased, while cross-linking at 0.03% and 0.1% produced little change in water mobility.
Gene expression profiling of gut mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques with divergent disease course.

Background Although the majority of drug-naive HIV-infected patients develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a small percentage remains asymptomatic without therapeutic intervention. Methods We have utilized the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque model to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of long-term protection against simian AIDS. Results Chronically SIV-infected macaques with disease progression had high viral loads and CD4+ T-cell depletion in mucosal tissue and peripheral blood. These animals displayed pathologic changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and mesenteric lymph node that coincided with increased expression of genes associated with interferon induction, inflammation and immune activation. In contrast, the animal with long-term asymptomatic infection suppressed viral replication and maintained CD4+ T cells in both GALT and peripheral blood while decreasing expression of genes involved in inflammation and immune activation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that reduced immune activation and effective repair and regeneration of mucosal tissues correlate with long-term survival in SIV-infected macaques.
Given financial constraints, it would be unethical to divert antiretroviral drugs from treatment to prevention

Striking advances in HIV prevention have set the stage for renewed debate on setting priorities in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Two new prevention strategies—preexposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention—use antiretroviral drugs for prevention of HIV/AIDS in addition to treating patients. The potential for success of these new prevention strategies sets up an ethical dilemma: where resources are limited and supplies of lifesaving antiretroviral medications are insufficient to treat those currently living with HIV, how should these resources be divided between treatment and prevention? This article explores several ethical principles used in formulating public health policy. Assuming that limited resources are available for spending on drugs, we conclude that it would be unethical to watch patients with treatable AIDS worsen and die, even with supportive care, so that medications for treatment can be diverted for prevention.
Using Evidence to Minimize the Cost of Trigger Finger Care

Purpose Critics of U.S. health care cite both underuse and overuse of resources. With more than one third of Americans paying for medical care out of pocket, optimizing the cost-benefit ratio of care is a high priority. Clinical trials have established the success of the different treatment options for patients who present with trigger finger. The economic impact of these differing strategies has not been established. The aim of this study was to perform a cost-minimization analysis to identify the least costly strategy for effective treatment of trigger finger using existing evidence in the literature. Methods Five strategies for the treatment of trigger finger were identified: (1) a steroid injection followed by surgical release for failure or recurrence, (2) a steroid injection followed by a second injection for failures or recurrence, followed by definitive surgery if needed, (3) 3 steroid injections before definitive surgery if needed, (4) surgical release, and (5) percutaneous release with definitive open surgery if needed. To reflect the costs, we used 2 sources of data: our institution's billing charges to private payers and our institution's reimbursements from Medicare. A literature review identified median success rates of the different treatment strategies. We conducted a series of analyses to evaluate the effect of varying individual costs and success rates. Results The second strategy is the least costly treatment of those considered in this study. The most costly treatment, surgical release, costs between 248% and 340% more than the second strategy. For surgical or percutaneous release to cost less than the second strategy, the surgical billing charge would need to be lower than $742 for private payers or less than $305 of Medicare reimbursement. Conclusions Trigger finger is a common problem with many acceptable treatment algorithms. Management of trigger finger with 2 steroid injections before surgery is the least costly treatment strategy. Type of study/level of evidence Decision Analysis II.
Fast myosin heavy chains expressed in secondary mammalian muscle fibers at the time of their inception

Mammalian skeletal muscle is generated by two waves of fiber formation, resulting in primary and secondary fibers. These fibers mature to give rise to several classes of adult muscle fibers with distinct contractile properties. Here we describe fast myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms that are expressed in nascent secondary, but not primary, fibers in the early development of rat and human muscle. These fast MyHCs are distinct from previously described embryonic and neonatal fast MyHCs. To identify these MyHCs, monoclonal antibodies were used whose specificity was determined in western blots of MyHCs on denaturing gels and reactivity with muscle tissue at various stages of development. To facilitate a comparison of our results with those of others obtained using different antibodies or species, we have identified cDNAs that encode the epitopes recognized by our antibodies wherever possible. The results suggest that epitopes characteristic of adult fast MyHCs are expressed very early in muscle fiber development and distinguish newly formed secondary fibers from primary fibers. This marker of secondary fibers, which is detectable at the time of their inception, should prove useful in future studies of the derivation of primary and secondary fibers in mammalian muscle development.
What's decidable about hybrid automata?

Hybrid automata model systems with both digital and analog components, such as embedded control programs. Many verification tasks for such programs can be expressed as reachability problems for hybrid automata. By improving on previous decidability and undecidability results, we identify the precise boundary between decidability and undecidability of the reachability problem for hybrid automata. On the positive side, we give an (optimal) PSPACE reachability algorithm for the case of initialized rectangular automata, where all analog variables follow trajectories within piecewise-linear envelopes and are reinitialized whenever the envelope changes. Our algorithm is based on the construction of a timed automaton that contains all reachability information about a given initialized rectangular automaton. The translation has practical significance for verification, because it guarantees the termination of symbolic procedures for the reachability analysis of initialized rectangular automata. The translation also preserves the $\omega$-languages of initialized rectangular automata with bounded nondeterminism. On the negative side, we show that several slight generalizations of initialized rectangular automata lead to an undecidable reachability problem. In particular, we prove that the reachability problem is undecidable for timed automata augmented with a single stopwatch.
French Christian narratives concerning Muhammad and the religion of Islam from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries

Abstract French travellers to Muslim lands in the late middle ages and into the early modem period came for a variety of reasons. They were missionaries and pilgrims, diplomats, merchants and adventurers. Many of them recorded their travels for the edification of their compatriots, often including descriptions of Muslim peoples, their practices and their basic beliefs. The following essay summarizes the reflections of some of these travellers about the life and the character of the Prophet Muhammad, the process of collection and the content of the Qur'an, and Muslim understanding of the nature of Jesus. While generally they share a quite negative assessment of the Prophet and his religion, some reporters evidence an appreciation both of his contributions to religious thought and of the nature and character of the Muslim people whom they met.
On prediction intervals from normal samples

supported in part by the Foundation Research Program of the Naval Postgraduate School with funds provided by the Chief of Naval Research
Heme Uptake and Metabolism in Bacteria

All but a few bacterial species have an absolute need for heme, and most are able to synthesize it via a pathway that is highly conserved among all life domains. Because heme is a rich source for iron, many pathogenic bacteria have also evolved processes for sequestering heme from their hosts. The heme biosynthesis pathways are well understood at the genetic and structural biology levels. In comparison, much less is known about the heme acquisition, trafficking, and degradation processes in bacteria. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have evolved similar strategies but different tactics for importing and degrading heme, likely as a consequence of their different cellular architectures. The differences are manifested in distinct structures for molecules that perform similar functions. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the structural biology of proteins and protein-protein interactions that enable Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to sequester heme from the extracellular milieu, import it to the cytosol, and degrade it to mine iron.
Identification of Pasteurella multocida Chaps-Soluble Outer Membrane Proteins

Abstract Fowl cholera continues to be of concern to the poultry industry, especially for turkey growers. This disease costs the turkey industry millions of dollars annually. In order to develop improved live attenuated vaccines or subunit vaccines, the outer-membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida were examined with the use of proteomics. Of the 11 proteins total present in an outer-membrane subfraction of P. multocida, four additional proteins were identified, completing the composition of the detergent-soluble cross-protective protein fraction. These additional four proteins include protective bacterial surface antigen, OMA87 (Accession no. 15603857); heme–hemopexin receptor, HemR (Accession no. 15602441); lactate permease, LctP (Accession no. 15603717); and heptosyl transferase F, RfaF (Accession no. 15603709). Both the Oma87 and the HemR proteins would be of interest for subunit and modified live vaccine studies, respectively, because of their purported roles as virulence factors for P. multocida.
Erlotinib preserves renal function and prevents salt retention in doxorubicin treated nephrotic rats

Nephrotic syndrome is associated with up-regulation of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). Erlotinib blocks the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in response to HB-EGF. This study investigates the effect of Erlotinib on the progression of proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and salt retention in doxorubicin treated nephrotic rats. Male rats were divided into 3 pair-fed groups (n = 13/group) as follows: Control rats (Ctrl); rats receiving intravenous doxorubicin (Dox); and rats receiving intravenous doxorubicin followed by daily oral Erlotinib (Dox + Erl). Upon establishment of high grade proteinuria, urine sodium and creatinine clearance were measured. Kidney tissue was dissected and analyzed for γ-epithelial sodium channel (γENaC), sodium-potassium -chloride co-transporter 2 (NKCC2), sodium chloride co-transporter (NCC), aquaporin 2 (AQP2), and EGFR abundances using western blot. Creatinine clearance was preserved in the Dox + Erl rats as compared to the Dox group (in ml/min: Ctrl: 5.2±.5, Dox: 1.9±0.3, Dox + Erl: 3.6±0.5). Despite a minimal effect on the degree of proteinuria, Erlotinib prevented salt retention (Urinary Na in mEq/d: Ctrl: 2.2±0.2, Dox: 1.8±0.3, Dox + Erl: 2.2±0.2). The cleaved/uncleaved γENaC ratio was increased by 41±16% in the Dox group but unchanged in the Dox + Erl group when compared to Ctrl. The phosphorylated EGFR/total EGFR ratio was reduced by 74±7% in the Dox group and by 77±4% in the Dox + Erl group. In conclusion, Erlotinib preserved renal function and prevented salt retention in nephrotic rats. The observed effects do not appear to be mediated by direct blockade of EGFR.
Chemotaxis in Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Boyden-type chemotactic chambers were used to demonstrate that Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was capable of migrating into chemotactic membranes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm that MG could penetrate the membranes. To further demonstrate the invasive ability of MG, MG was deposited on the shell membranes of 9-day-old chicken embryos, and after 6 days of incubation, the presence of MG DNA in the allantoic fluids was detected by polymerase chain reactions. These results indicate that MG can penetrate cellular membrane, possibly by going through the porous cellular surface.
Quantification of gap junction selectivity

Gap junctions, which are essential for functional coordination and homeostasis within tissues, permit the direct intercellular exchange of small molecules. The abundance and diversity of this excha...
Tropical Transition of an Unnamed, High-Latitude, Tropical Cyclone over the Eastern North Pacific

AbstractIn early November 2006, an unnamed tropical cyclone (TC) formed via the tropical transition (TT) process at 42°N over the eastern North Pacific. An extratropical cyclone (EC), developing downstream of a thinning upper-tropospheric trough over the eastern North Pacific, served as the precursor disturbance that would ultimately undergo TT. The TT of the unnamed TC was extremely unusual—occurring over ~16°C sea surface temperatures in a portion of the eastern North Pacific basin historically devoid of TC activity.This paper 1) identifies the upper- and lower-tropospheric features linked to the formation of the EC that transitions into the unnamed TC, 2) provides a synoptic overview of the features and processes associated with the unnamed TC’s TT, and 3) discusses the landfall of the weakening cyclone along the west coast of North America. As observed in previous studies of TT, the precursor EC progresses through the life cycle of a marine extratropical frontal cyclone, developing a bent-back warm fr...
Beyond Science Fiction: The American Dream

Science fiction gives us a language for talking about the future. But how do we empower those who are turned off by science fiction to imagine a different future? Futurist Brian David Johnson leaves Intel to discover the future of the American dream. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/AxEC2-lPQOA is an audio recording in which Science Fiction Prototyping editor Brian David Johnson discusses his latest venture: exploring the future of the American dream.
Game Theory, Information Economics, Rational Expectation, and Efficient Market Hypothesis: Overviews and Exposition of Interconnections

This paper provides overviews of interesting topics of game theory, information economics, rational expectations, and efficient market hypothesis. Then, the paper shows how these topics are interconnected, with the rational expectations topic playing the pivotal role. Finally, by way of proving a theorem in the context of the well known Kyle's rational expectations equilibrium model, the paper provides an exposition of the interconnectedness of the topics.
Race Matters in Lesbian Donor Insemination: Whiteness and Heteronormativity as Co-Constituted Narratives

ABSTRACTAs in other areas of social life where the privileging of whiteness is rendered invisible, the donor insemination choices of white lesbians making individual choices about the race of potential children are de-racialized and de-politicized. Using qualitative data, we focus on how white women who choose white donors rely on racial markers, while avoiding overt discussions of race, to explain their racial preferences in childrearing. The individuals we interviewed rarely questioned their decision to use white donors, or even verbally acknowledged their decision. For instance, while no participants explicitly stated, ‘I wanted a white child’, they did display preferences in terms of skin colour, hair colour, eye colour, and ethnicity. That is, individuals assumed whiteness and assumed this decision did not have to be explained. Our research deconstructs this narrative and challenges its invisibility.
SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE AND VOCATIONAL CHOICE

Summary.4 tests of social intelligence and a communication game (Password) were administered to graduate students preparing for occupations judged to require high, intermediate, or low levels of interpersonal skill. The hypotheses that social intelligence is positively related to judged level of interpersonal skill and to Password were partially confirmed. Although social intelligence has been of interest for nearly 60 years (Walker & Foley, 1973), most recent work in this area has focused on the development of social cognition in children. One reason for the current paucity of research with adults appears to be a dearth of appropriate tests. The usefulness of the Six Factor Tests of Social Intelligence (O'Sullivan, Guilford, & DeMille, 1965) has been little explored. The present study focused on the relationship between four of the most reliable of O'Sullivan, et al.'s measures and graduate students' fields of study. It was assumed that choice of an academic field at this level represents a serious commitment to pursue that line of endeavor occupationally and that considerable selection for relevant abilities has already occurred. It was hypothesized that students working toward occupations judged to require high, intermediate, or low degrees of interpersonal skills would vary from high to low on the tests of social intelligence. Skill in a word communication game (Password), designed to assess effectiveness in social interaction, was also investigated. The scores on Password (Feffer & Suchotliff, 1966) were hypothesized to correlate positively with social intelligence and to show similar group differences. The subjects were 60 graduate students (one-half each sex) enrolled in programs rated high (clinical and counseling psychology, teaching), intermediate (experiential psychology, banking, marketing), and low (accounting, biology, chemistry) in social intelligence. These levels were based on ratings of degree of person orientation for 32 occupations made by 11 Ph.D. psychologists. Four tests of social intelligence (Cartoon Predictions, Expression Grouping, Missing Cartoons, and Social Translations) and Password were individually administered to the 20 students in each group. Students in the three groups (as well as males and females) were comparable in terms of intelligence, years in graduate school, and socioeconomic status. The hypothesis that social intelligence varies by type of program was partially supported by a significant main effect for groups for Cartoon Predictions (F2,53 = 3.26, p < .05) and for the composite social intelligence score (sum of scores on four tests) (Fa,::: = 5.88, p < .01). For Cartoon Predic
Applications of Ion Microscopy and In Situ Electron Microscopy to the Study of Electronic Materials and Devices

We discuss the application of ion microscopy and in situ electron microscopy to the study of electronic and optical materials and devices. We demonstrate how the combination of in situ transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam microscopy provides new avenues for the study for such structures, enabling extension of these techniques to the study of dopant distributions, nanoscale stresses, three-dimensional structural and chemical reconstruction, and real-time evolution of defect microstructure. We also discuss in situ applications of thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical stresses during transmission electron microscopy imaging.
Team of former rivals: A multilateral theory of non-aggression pacts

Why do states form non-aggression pacts? Non-aggression pacts are different from typical alliances because the latter tend to be focused on relationships between members of the alliance and other s...
Enabling Synergy in IoT: Platform to Service and Beyond

To enable a prosperous Internet of Things, devices and services must be extensible and adapt to changes in the environment or user interaction patterns. These requirements manifest as a set of design principles for each of the layers in an IoT ecosystem, from hardware to cloud services. This paper gives concrete guidelines learned from building a full-stack Synergistic IoT platform.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Comparison of procedures used in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

We have compared the relative value of various techniques used in association with fiberoptic broncho scopy for the diagnosis of lung cancer. We analyzed the results in 114 patients who underwent diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and in whom a definite histologic diagnosis of lung cancer was made. A comparison of the diagnostic yield from cytologic examination of prebronchoscopy and postbronchoscopy sputum and of fiberoptic bronchial biopsy, brushing, and washing was made. Over-all, bronchial washings gave the highest diagnostic yield (75.4 percent) and forceps biopsy the next highest (65.8 percent). The combination of bronchial washings and forceps biopsy gave the highest diagnostic yield (95.8 percent). In six patients, postbronchoscopy sputum was the only source of positive diagnosis; in 20 patients only one procedure was positive. Our results suggest that although fiberoptic bronchoscopy washings and forceps biopsy have the highest diagnostic yield, brushings and postbronchoscopic sputum examination are also important diagnostic maneuvers and should be routinely performed.
Mental Health Disorders

This chapter provides an overview of mental health disorders. Definitional issues are addressed, as well as the DSM-5 and how it is used to diagnose mental health disorders. These disorders have been estimated to occur in approximately 21 % of youth in the general population between 9 and 17 years of age; however, among the juvenile delinquency population, there have been estimates as high as 75 % regarding those who meet the criteria for a mental health disorder. The relationship between juvenile delinquency and mental health disorders is also discussed.
Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Induces Exhaustion and Suppresses Metabolic Reprogramming in T Cell Activation

Background . Cancer cells in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies can suppress anti-tumor immunity by inducing a state of T cell exhaustion and hypo-responsiveness. Indeed, T cells in patients with leukemia, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) express exhaustion markers such as PD-1 or TIM-3 and can be poorly responsive. As a result, the T cells not only fail to engage the leukemic cells, but render the host susceptible to infections. The cause of the T cell defect is not known. We have previously shown that T cell metabolism is tightly regulated and sought here to test if chronic T cell stimulation through leukemic cells in human and murine leukemia modulates T cell metabolism to suppress T cell function. Methods . We established in vitro and in vivo T cell stimulation models using syngeneic pro-B-cell BCR/ABL+ mouse lymphocytic leukemia. We also analyzed freshly collected peripheral blood from 18 CLL patients and from blood or bone marrow aspirates of 3 patients with BCR/ABL+ ALL. Using flow cytometry and radiometric assays, we measured T cell proliferation, IL-2 and IFNγ production, expression of the activation and exhaustion markers CD25, CD71 and PD-1 and changes in T cell glucose metabolism. Lastly, the role of altered glucose uptake was tested using mice with T cell-specific transgenic expression of the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). Results . Our studies showed that murine and human lymphocytic leukemia induces chronic T cell stimulation and exhaustion as measured by increased expression of PD-1 and TIM-3. Following T cell receptor stimulation, T cells from leukemic mice and human patients had impaired up regulation of surface activation molecules. Production of IL-2 and IFNγ was reduced and proliferation of leukemia-associated T cells was impaired. Importantly, recruitment of key metabolic genes such as Glut1 was inhibited in both murine and human leukemia-associated T cells. The mechanism of T cell exhaustion was unclear, but additionally to the effects of persistent stimulation, T cells expressed inhibitory receptors and inhibitory ligands were found in the leukemic microenvironment. The nutrient profile of conditioned media from leukemia cells was markedly altered, and the conditioned media prevented mouse T cell activation and proliferation. Next we questioned whether altered glucose metabolism contributed to T cell functional defects in lymphoid leukemia. We used mice expressing transgenic Glut1 in T cells to determine the effects of chronic stimulation through leukemia cells on the phenotypes of T cells. These Glut1-transgenic T cells resisted exhaustion and partially maintained function despite the presence of leukemia. Conclusion . Results of our studies indicate that lymphocytic leukemia induces a chronic stimulation leading to T cell exhaustion and impaired T cell function in part through inhibition of glucose metabolism. Disclosures Rathmell: Novartis: Consultancy.
Abstract DL-1: Targeting breast cancer stem cells: Challenges and opportunities

Breast cancers contain cell populations that display hierarchical organization at the apex of which are cells that display stem cell properties. These cancer stem cells (CSCs) mediate metastasis and contribute to treatment resistance. CSC9s display cellular plasticity , a property that allows them to transition between mesenchymal and epithelial states, facilitating metastasis. Although different therapeutic strategies have been developed for the treatment of the various molecular subtypes of breast cancer, CSCs driving these cancers may share common regulatory pathways including those maintaining cellular plasticity. This suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting these CSC pathways may be complementary to subtype specific therapeutic agents targeting bulk cell populations. Furthermore, since CSCs constitute a minor fraction of total tumor cell populations classical clinical endpoints such as tumor regression are inadequate to assess the efficacy of CSC targeting therapeutics. Neoadjuvant trial designs allow for the direct assessment of treatment on biological targets and as well as the therapeutic effectiveness of CSC targeting agents. Molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells at single cell resolution provides an alternative method of accessing the effects of CSC targeting therapies. CSCs are regulated by the tumor micro environment and recent studies suggest that the immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in CSC regulation. Immunotherapeutic approaches may provide a means to target heterogeneous CSC9s as well as bulk tumor populations. Early phase clinical trials currently in progress have demonstrated the safety of CSC targeting agents. Future randomized trials will be required to determine whether addition of CSC targeting therapeutics to current agents targeting bulk cell populations improves the efficacy of these therapeutic agents. Citation Format: Wicha MS. Targeting breast cancer stem cells: Challenges and opportunities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr DL-1.
Competing forces in five-dimensional fermion condensation

We study fermion condensation in the Randall-Sundrum background as a setting for composite Higgs models. We formalize the computation of the Coleman-Weinberg potential and present a simple, general formula. Using this tool, we study the competition of fermion multiplets with different boundary conditions, to find conditions for creating a little hierarchy with the Higgs field expectation value much smaller than the intrinsic Randall-Sundrum mass scale.
Pro-oxidative effects of spray drying orange oil in a bench top dryer

The influence of potential heat exposure during spray drying on the oxidative stability of spray dried orange oil was studied. The design of some of the table top spray driers expose dried product ...
Positive Heavy-Ion Sources

Ion sources were developed soon after the discovery of ions in gas discharges in the late 1800s (Va 77). The initial uses were for mass spectrometry and for nuclear physics accelerators. In recent years, more versatile accelerator sources have been required to meet the need for a broad range of ion species, intensities, and duty factors and to fit the geometric requirements of various accelerator types. Positive heavy-ion sources are used in accelerators such as dc types, cyclotrons, and linear accelerators. The resulting beams are used for the many fields of research described in these volumes, including nuclear and atomic science, ion implantation, radiography and therapy, and fusion power. There is generally a premium placed on producing beams with the highest possible charge state in an accelerator source, because the higher charge state allows a lower-voltage dc accelerator or shorter linac to provide a given energy, since energy is charge times total voltage gain. For a cyclotron, energy is proportional to the square of the charge, giving an even higher incentive to get high charge states from the source. In this chapter, “heavy” ions will mean those heavier than helium. This chapter will emphasize the positive heavy-ion sources used for the above fields. For other types of sources other references are available. Ion implantation sources are described in a book by Dearnaley et al. (De 73), and in a series of conferences. Isotope separator sources are discussed in a series of conference proceedings, the most recent of which is (Am 76). Previous reviews of positive ion sources and their beams include those by Thonemann (Th 53), Vorob’ev and Pasyuk (Vo 70), Bennett (Be 71), Eninger (En 71), Septier (Se 72), Winter and Wolf (Wi 74), Green (Gr 74), Arianer (Ar 75), Clark (Cl 77), and Sidenius (Si 78).
Tetralogy of Fallot With Absent Pulmonary Valve and Nonconfluent Pulmonary Arteries: A Management Conundrum:

Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome is a rare form of congenital heart disease. Among the different variations with this rare anomaly is nonconfluent pulmonary artery branches with anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ductus arteriosus. The authors present one such case which was diagnosed prenatally to have tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve and identified postnatally to have nonconfluent pulmonary artery branches in addition. We discuss the conundrum of respiratory management in this patient pre- and postoperatively due to a unique ventilation perfusion mismatch problem, which varies between the two lungs.
Intraoperative Dexamethasone Decreases Infectious Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy and is Associated with Long-Term Survival in Pancreatic Cancer

Dexamethasone is administered intraoperatively to prevent anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting and to reduce postoperative opioid administration. However, the adverse effects of corticosteroids on anastomotic healing and wound infection as well as oncologic outcomes remain unclear. We analyzed the effect of intraoperative dexamethasone administration on surgical outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy and on long-term survival in pancreatic cancer patients. A total of 679 pancreaticoduodenectomies from a prospectively maintained database were analyzed. Surgical outcomes were compared between patients who received intraoperative dexamethasone and those who did not. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox-regression survival analysis were performed in patients with pancreatic cancer. A propensity analysis was done to reduce the inherent bias of retrospective design. Patients who received dexamethasone (117, 17.2%) were younger and more likely to be female than those who did not (p = 0.001). Overall and 30-day major morbidity were similar among all resected patients, although there were fewer infectious complications in the dexamethasone group (18.8% vs. 28.5%, p = 0.032). In pancreatic cancer patients, dexamethasone was associated with significantly improved median overall survival (46 vs. 22 months, p = 0.017). This effect occurred independently of stage, pathologic characteristics, or adjuvant therapy, with adjusted hazard ratios, derived from pre-propensity and post-propensity analysis, of 0.67 (0.47–0.97) and 0.57 (0.37–0.87), respectively. A single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone did not increase morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy and, in fact, was associated with a decrease in infectious complications. The treatment was independently associated with improved overall survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, an effect that cannot be explained and needs further validation in a prospective setting.
Media and Child Health: A Survey of Pediatric Residents’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Habits

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate pediatric residents’ knowledge and attitudes about media and child health and to characterize their personal electronic media use habits. The results of this study will guide future educational interventions. Methods: Residents in the pediatric and medicine-pediatrics combined residency programs at our institution were invited to complete a survey in November 2015. Residents were provided an incentive to participate by being entered into a drawing for a $25 Amazon gift card upon completion of the survey. The survey consisted of …