cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximate material-balance solution to the moving meniscus model of detached solidification

Non-dimensionalization of the governing equations for the Moving Meniscus Model of detached solidification in zero gravity allowed consolidation of the operating conditions and physical properties into 5 dimensionless parameters: a dimensionless meniscus factor, a freezing rate Peclet number, the interfacial segregation coefficient k for dissolved gas, the ratio of gas solubility at the end of the melt to that at the meniscus, and the ratio of gas concentration in the gap to that in the adjacent melt. At steady state, the flux of gas dissolved in the melt moving toward the freezing interface must equal the sum of the flux of gas into the gap plus that being incorporated in the growing solid. Both numerical and material-balance results give two solutions, with an extremum value of each variable beyond which steady detachment is impossible. This behavior is now understood to originate from satisfaction of the material balance at two different gap widths, with these two solutions becoming identical at an extremum condition beyond which the material balance cannot be satisfied. Only one solution is obtained when no gas is incorporated in the solid. In the presence of gravity, the gas pressure in the gap must be much larger to compensate for the added hydrostatic pressure, causing the gap width to be narrow.
Terrorism, Terror, and 9/11: a Review Essay

Fatal Future? Transnational Terrorism and the New Global Disorder. Richard M. Pearlstein. Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror. Jason Burke. Why? The Deeper History Behind the September 11th Terrorist Attack on America. 2nd ed. Expanded and Updated. J. W. Smith. The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions about the Bush Administration and 9/11. David Ray Griffin “foreword by Richard Falk”.
Carbon dioxide hydration and dehydration kinetics in seawater1

Rate constants for the hydration and dehydration reactions of carbon dioxide with water and with hydroxyl ion were measured in seawater by a pH-stat method at salinities (X lO:l) from 3.4 to 37.06 at 25°C and from 5” to 35°C at a salinity of 33.77. Transition state theory was used to extrapolate the rate constants to infinite dilution, with the following results at 25°C: kcoz = 0.037 ? 0.002. s-l, /COII-&~ = (7.1 + 0.7) x lo-l1 mol.dm-‘. s-‘, k,, = (7.6 + 1.1) x lo4 dm”* mol-’ * s-’ , and kIIcoB- = (1.8 f 0.3) x 10m4* s-l. The corresponding values in scawatcl of 33.77 salinity and 25°C calculated from equations fit to the experimental data are 0.036, 13.5 x 10 I’, 3.5 x 10d, and 1.40 x 10-4.
Hamster sperm hyaluronidase. I. A bioassay procedure based on cumulus dispersion rate.

An in vitro bioassay for hyaluronidase activity has been developed based on cumulus dispersion rate. It was found that the logarithm of the time for complete cumulus dispersion and the logarithm of hyaluronidase activity are linearly related in three incubation media. These data have been used in constructing standard curves for the prediction of hyaluronidase activity from the observed time for complete cumulus dispersion. The technique is sensitive to low levels of hyaluronidase activity, is compatible with complex incubation media, and requires small volumes of test solution.
Calyculin‐A induces focal adhesion assembly and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125Fak, p130Cas, and paxillin in Swiss 3T3 cells

Treatment of intact Swiss 3T3 cells with calyculin-A, an inhibitor of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(Fak) in a sharply concentration- and time-dependent manner. Maximal stimulation was 4.2 +/- 2.1-fold (n = 14). The stimulatory effect of calyculin-A was observed at low nanomolar concentrations ( 10 nM) tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(Fak) was strikingly decreased. Calyculin-A induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(Fak) through a protein kinase C- and Ca(2+)-independent pathway. Exposure to either cytochalasin-D or latrunculin-A, which disrupt actin organization by different mechanisms, abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(Fak) in response to calyculin-A. Treatment with high concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (20 ng/ml) which also disrupt actin stress fibers, completely inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(Fak) in response to calyculin-A. This agent also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion-associated proteins p130(Cas) and paxillin. These tyrosine phosphorylation events were associated with a striking increase in the assembly of focal adhesions. The Rho kinase (ROK) inhibitor HA1077 that blocked focal adhesion formation by bombesin, had no effect on the focal adhesion assembly induced by calyculin-A. Thus, calyculin-A induces transient focal adhesion assembly and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(Fak), p130(Cas), and paxillin, acting downstream of ROK.
Thermo-Mechanical Pretreatment of Feedstocks

Pretreatment is the first step to open up the complex structure of feedstock and to facilitate the access of hydrolytic enzymes to carbohydrates. Researchers are paying utmost care to pretreatment since it has pervasive impact in downstream processing. Numerous pretreatments have been investigated in the past with various degrees of success and still several new investigations are under progress. Extrusion/thermo-mechanical process is a continuous viable pretreatment and easy to adapt at industry scale with flexibility in process modifications. Agricultural residues and dedicated energy crops such as corn stover, prairie cord grass, wheat straw, rice straw, rape straw, barley straw, wheat bran, soybean hull, switchgrass, miscanthus, big bluestem, and forest products such as poplar, pine, Douglas fir, and eucalyptus were subjected to extrusion pretreatment with or without chemicals. This chapter provides an overview of extrusion pretreatments including the mechanism influencing extruder and feedstock parameters, evaluation of pretreatment efficiency including production of potential fermentation inhibitors, torque requirements, and direction for future work.
Announcing a New Journal Section: Community Outreach.

The Oncologist announces a new section, “Community Outreach,” which will provide a dedicated forum for issues of access to care and cancer prevention across the economic continuum. Community Outreach will focus on publishing high-impact clinical, prevention, and applied research, and practical information and analyses on disparities in cancer care across the economic continuum.
Critical Narrating by Adolescents Growing Up in War: Case Study Across the Former Yugoslavia

These narratives, by adolescents living in the aftermath of the 1990 s wars that fractured the former Yugoslavia, express adolescents’ focus on issues in their now diverse societies. The generation of 12-21-year olds who were babies or young children during acute phases of war is growing up with its consequences. The material and symbolic remnants of war across each context become embedded in adolescents’ narratives of their everyday lives and, thus, their development toward adulthood. In his narrative, for example, Rudy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) focuses on tensions among adults in public life, tensions also noticed by his peers who explain that these tensions result from “problems from the past” and serve as “stress releases.” Characteristic of her ex-Yugoslavian country of Serbia, I.S., in contrast, focuses on divisions in her society, in this case between the “last century’s mentality” and the implied new one which allows for argumentation. Feniks, like most of his Croatian peers, uses this observation of conflict among adults to mention future possibility, while Krusko, a refugee of mass destruction in Bosnia, turns nostalgically to the past and her family’s ongoing difficulties. In this chapter, I present a case study with these and other adolescents positioned differently around a war to explain how they use narrating to mediate development of individuals in society.
Renal Function Studies in Individuals with the Tubular Proteinuria of Endemic Balkan Nephropathy

Tubular proteinuria has been demonstrated to occur in endemic Balkan nephropathy before routine tests for urinary proteins are positive. A unique electrophoretic distribution of urinary protein appears to be an early manifestation of tubular damage in individuals with this disease. Accompanying this proteinuria are defects in acidification, ammonia, uric acid, and ribonuclease excretion that precede concentrating defects and detectable alterations in creatinine clearances. Individuals with classic tubular proteinuria show evidence of additional tubular functional alterations including increased alpha amino nitrogen and glucose excretion.
Implications of History for the Current Policies and Industrial Structure: The Case of Indian Textile Sector

As an attempt to address the gap in the literature on linking the history of textile industry in India to the current policies and structure of the industry, this paper develops a synthesis of various studies that discuss about the historical and contemporary issues in Indian textile industry. Based on this review, we arrive at two major links between the past and the present that are relevant even in the 2010’s. Firstly, the continuity from the past of small scales of production in several subsectors of textile industry may have impeded its competitiveness and growth, though this has promoted the cause of common people who evolve as small-scale entreprenuners. This scenario has been rapidly changing, paving way to large-scale production. Secondly, the discontinuity from the past in terms of negligence of time-tested technologies that were less polluting by design, has led to increased pollution, which in turn, has resulted in closure of factories. Here, there is immense scope for Indian textile sector to learn from the past for survival and further growth in a sustainable way.
Studies on the release of serotonin and catecholamines in the pancreato-duodenal area.

SummaryThe concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin in the blood of the pancreato-duodenal vein was measured following injection of STH, ACTH, deserpidine or saline into the pancreato-duo-denal artery or the femoral vein of normal anesthetized dogs. Intravenous injections of STH, ACTH or deserpidine do not cause a statistically significant rise in blood catecholamines and serotonin. The hyperglycemia which sometimes follows intravenous injection of STH remains unexplained.
A practical and scalable synthesis of carbohydrate based oxepines

An efficient, seven-step synthesis of carbohydrate based oxepines is reported using per-O-acetyl septanoses as key intermediates. The scope of the synthesis was evaluated by varying both the pyranose starting materials and protecting groups incorporated into the oxepine products. The practicality of the method make it amenable to scale up as demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of the d-glucose derived oxepine.
PATTERNS OF ALLOZYME, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, AND MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION IN FOUR SPARROW GENERA

We sequenced 432 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cyto- chrome-b gene in all recognized biological species in the genera Zonotrichia, Passerella, and Melospiza, as well as Junco hyemalis and Pipilo chlorurus. Our goals were: to estimate the phylogenetic pattern within and among genera; to compare our estimate with previous estimates based on allozymes and mtDNA restriction sites; to map morphometric distances onto the phylogenetic hypothesis; and to determine the extent of geographic variation in two polytypic species, the Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) and Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia). There was no geographic pattern to cytochrome-b variation within the Song Sparrow, whereas four mtDNA lineages of Fox Sparrows were found; these results corroborate those obtained from mtDNA restriction-site data. Analysis of cytochrome b yielded 14 equally-parsimonious trees. Although mtDNA and allozyme trees were statistically congruent, they differed some- what, and the data were combined to estimate phylogeny; two equally-parsimonious trees resulted. The consensus tree indicated the following relationships: within Melospiza, the pattern is {Song Sparrow {Swamp Sparrow (M. georgiana), Lincoln's Sparrow (M. lincolnii)} }; Junco and Zonotrichia are sister genera; within Zonotrichia, the pattern is (Rufous-collared Sparrow (Z. capensis) {White-throated Sparrow (Z. albicollis) (Harris' Sparrow (Z. querula) (White- crowned Sparrow (Z. leucophrys), Golden-crowned Sparrow (Z. atricapilla)} }} }; the data could not reliably resolve relationships among the other genera. In general, restriction sites and cytochrome-b sequence data yielded congruent phylogenies. Morphometric distances mapped onto the phylogenetic hypothesis revealed instances in which molecular and phenotypic evolution proceeded at different rates, except within Melospiza, where the two data sets yielded
New drugs for old hearts. Newer antiarrhythmic and diuretic agents.

The newer antiarrhythmic agents propranolol, diphenylhydantoin and lidocaine have significant potential for depressing cardiac function and must be used with caution, especially in elderly patients. The new diuretic agents ethacrynic acid and furosemide are extremely potent and offer great advantages in refractory edema, but their indiscriminate use in the aged patient may lead to overdiuresis and to deterioration in cerebral, cardiac and renal function.
Who's on First? Investigating the referential hierarchy in simple native ASL narratives.

Discussions of reference tracking in spoken languages often invoke some version of a referential hierarchy. In this paper, we asked whether this hierarchy applies equally well to reference tracking in a visual language, American Sign Language, or whether modality differences influence its structure. Expanding the results of previous studies, this study looked at ASL referential devices beyond nouns, pronouns, and zero anaphora. We elicited four simple narratives from eight native ASL signers, and examined how the signers tracked reference throughout their stories. We found that ASL signers follow general principles of the referential hierarchy proposed for spoken languages by using nouns for referent introductions, and zero anaphora for referent maintenance. However, we also found significant differences such as the absence of pronouns in the narratives, despite their existence in ASL, and differential use of verbal and constructed action zero anaphora. Moreover, we found that native signers’ use of classifiers varied with discourse status in a way that deviated from our expectations derived from the referential hierarchy for spoken languages. On this basis, we propose a tentative hierarchy of referential expressions for ASL that incorporates modality specific referential devices.
Adjuvant Therapy for Ulcer Care

Adjuvant therapies, specifically electrotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen, ultrasound, and hydrotherapy, are considered increasingly for use with conventional local wound care to support healing of pressure ulcers. This article describes the characteristics of these modalities, their physiologic effects on the healing process, and the research to evaluate their efficacy.
The fine structure of the basement membrane of the uterine cervical epithelia; observations with the electron microscope.

Abstract The basement membrane of the human cervical epithelium has been the subject of as much controversy as any other histological component of that organ. Using light microscopy investigators have found it to be definitely present 1 and definitely absent. 2 It has been stated to be penetrated or not penetrated in almost every reported study of early cancer of the uterus. Schiller and associates 2 made a detailed study of the method of attachment of the cervical epithelium to the underlying stroma, concluding that there was no basement membrane and that basal cells were secured by fibrils penetrating the connective tissue. It would be pointless here to summarize opinions of and evidence submitted by the many investigators of the basement membrane; suffice it to say that there is divergence of views and that more evidence gathered by more inquiring means is required to determine the nature of this junction. An investigation has been instituted utilizing the electron microscope, to study the nature of the cervical epithelium-stroma junction in normal and disease states. This particular report deals with findings in normal tissue and is a necessary prelude to the study of tissue altered by disease.
Driving towards sustainability

I wish here to present an overview of the challenges that we in General Motors and the automotive industry see,and then describe what we believe may become our solutions. As Chief Environmental Officer of General Motors, I focus on water issues, and the entire scope of global sustainable development. Therefore, I9d like to share our perspective on environmental and sustainability issues. First,we recognize the impact of global growth, both the benefits and the concerns it raises. But, we also believe our vision, our values and our constructive work in this area should demonstrate that we hold ourselves accountable for our performance – accountable to our shareholders, employees and the communities where we are located worldwide.
Rabbit cholera: effects of cycloheximide on net water and ion fluxes and transmural electric potentials.

Effects of cycloheximide on net H2O and electrolyte fluxes and transmural electric potentials were studied in vivo in paired loops of rabbit jejunum randomly incubated with either cholera toxin or control peptone broth. Untreated animals showed a profound secretion of H2O, Na, and HCO3, and slight secretion of Cl in response to cholera when compared with paired control loops. Pretreatment with cycloheximide abolished secretion of H2O and Cl in response to cholera, and greatly reduced Na and HCO3 secretion. Over-all reduction in net ion flux was about 75%; inhibition of anion secretion was about equal for Cl and HCO3. Potassium absorption was significantly decreased in both control and cholera segments in pretreated animals when compared with untreated controls. Transmural electric potentials did not reflect either the direction or magnitude of net H2O or ion fluxes. It is concluded that: (1) pretreatment with cycloheximide effectively blocks the response to cholera toxin; (2) potassium absorption is decreased in pretreated animals, otherwise the drug has no significant effects on net water or ion fluxes in control segments; (3) the drug has effects on transmural potentials unrelated to the severity of the cholera response; and (4) drug effects on net anion fluxes are about equal for Cl and HCO3.
Subsidizing European industry: Is Greece the exception?

Contrary to previous estimations of Greece as part of the ‘Southern problem’, I argue that Greece, in general does not disburse systematically more state aid than the EU-14 average. Using data from the European Commission during the period 1992–2004 and taking into account the effects of economic globalization, European obligations and domestic institutions, I find that in the cases of total and horizontal aid, Greece is not the exception. However, Greece's comparatively lower level of economic development and the presence of Prime Minister Simitis had a strong negative impact on the less voluminous but still important sectoral and regional aid. The argument has implications for Greek politics and European integration.
Explaining White Opposition to Black Political Leadership: The Role of Fear of Racial Favoritism

Despite the election of America's first Black president, most non-Hispanic Whites continue to oppose Black political leadership. The conventional explanation for White opposition is sheer racial prejudice, yet the available empirical evidence for this theory is inconsistent. I test an alternative theory that Whites perceive Black political leaders as a threat to their group's interests. Using a new survey measure and nationally representative panel data covering the 2008, 2010, and 2012 U.S. elections, I find that a majority of Whites perceive Black elected officials as likely to favor Blacks over Whites. Moreover, fear of racial favoritism predicts support for Barack Obama in both cross-sectional models and fixed-effects models of within-person change, controlling for negative racial stereotypes. I replicate these findings using a separate cross-sectional survey fielded after the 2014 election that controls for racial resentment. Collectively, these results suggest that perceptions of conflicting group interests—and not just prejudice—drive White opposition to Black political leadership.
Toward a Political Urban Planning: Learning from Growth Machine and Advocacy Planning to “Plannitize” Urban Politics:

This article examines Advocacy Planning through the lens of political–economic urban governance theories—primarily Growth Machine. The first part of the article engages Advocacy Planning and Growth...
Transcervical Carotid Artery Stenting Using a Prosthetic Arterial Conduit: Case Series of a Novel Surgical Technique

We present a series of 4 patients with carotid restenosis following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) who underwent transcervical carotid artery stenting (CAS) using a novel prosthetic conduit technique. The patients were high risk for repeat CEA (short and obese necks) and had contraindications to transfemoral CAS (bovine arch, prior dissection). CAS was thus performed via a transcervical approach with a polytetrafluoroethylene conduit anastomosed to the proximal common carotid artery. The addition of a conduit allowed stent placement via a secure, stable platform. All patients recovered from their procedure without incident and are free from restenosis at follow-up.
The structure of the Pfp1 protease from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens in two crystal forms

The Pfp1 protease, a cysteine protease of unknown specificity from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens, was crystallized in two distinctive crystal forms: from concentrated citrate in one case and PEG in the other. X-ray data were collected from both crystal forms at room temperature to about 1.9 A resolution using a laboratory source and detector, and the structures were solved by molecular replacement using the Pfp1 protease from Pyrococcus horikoshii as the search model. In the T. thioreducens protease structures, Cys18 residues on adjacent molecules in the asymmetric units form intermolecular disulfide bonds, thereby yielding hexamers composed of three cross-linked, quasi-dyad-related dimers with crystallographically exact threefold axes and exhibiting almost exact 32 symmetry. The corresponding residue in P. horikoshii Pfp1 is Tyr18. An individual active site containing Cys100 and His101 also includes a Glu74 residue contributed by a quasi-twofold-related, non-cross-linked subunit. Two catalytic triads are therefore closely juxtaposed about the quasi-twofold axis at the interface of these subunits, and are relatively sequestered within the hexamer cavity. The cysteine in the active site is observed to be oxidized in both of the crystal forms that were studied.
Nietzsche the Communist? A Genealogy of Interpretation

This essay will examine the powerful influence of Nietzsche’s philosophy on the “weak thought” of Vattimo and Zabala, and the degree to which this influence is developed and even challenged by a hermeneutic communism. If Nietzsche is the middle term in the sub-title’s itinerary “From Heidegger to Marx,” what gets lost along the way, and at what cost?
The Critical Network Flow Problem: Migratability and Survivability

In this paper, we propose a new network abstraction, termed critical network flow , which models the bandwidth requirement of modern Internet applications and services. A critical network flow defines a conventional flow in a network with explicit requirement on its aggregate bandwidth, or the flow value as commonly termed. Unlike common bandwidth-guaranteed connections whose bandwidth is only guaranteed during normal operations, a critical network flow demands strictly enforced bandwidth guarantee during various transient network states, such as network reconfiguration or network failures. Such a demand is called the bandwidth criticality of a critical network flow, which is characterized both by its flow value and capability to satisfy bandwidth guarantee in the transient states.We study algorithmic solutions to the accommodation of critical network flows with different bandwidth criticalities, including the basic case with no transient network state considered, the case with network reconfiguration, and the case with survivability against link failures. We present a polynomial-time optimal algorithm for each case. For the survivable case, we further present a faster heuristic algorithm. We have conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our model and validate our algorithms.
Oral history and emplacement in ‘nowhere at all:’ the role of personal and family narratives in rural black community-building

AbstractThis paper begins by reviewing the nowhere at all of transatlantic slavery, or the indiscrete, unmappable whereabouts of an 'African-American' collectivity formed during Middle Passage. The construct is adapted from Hortense Spillers’ 1987 essay, ‘Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe: An American Grammar Book.’ After postulating transatlantic nowhere at all as an archetypal instance, consideration is given to how oral history may chronicle the formation of critical, ongoing black collectivity historically obscured by nowhere at all-ness. The empirical component of this paper focuses on a rural, black Orange County, North Carolina neighborhood established around what was once an unmapped wagon road. Literature from the black geographies subfield, which urges humanistic and historical inquiry, directs the analysis of two oral history interviews with long-term residents. Social and cultural geographies’ longstanding appraisal of personal, historical narratives provides further motivation. Analysis of the interv...
Smart Working. Dialogues between Portugal and Italy

The digitisation process is changing the way we work. Besides this, we’re looking at a slow but profound change in the conception of work, particularly regarding the interests of employees.Considering the implementation of Smart Working in Italy thorough Lavoro Agile regulation, we’re going to analyse the Portuguese legal framework, in order to understand if a new regulation is needed or if we can implement Smart Working in Portugal using the interpretative way.
The 3'-end region of the human PDGFR-β core promoter nuclease hypersensitive element forms a mixture of two unique end-insertion G-quadruplexes.

Abstract Background While the most stable G-quadruplex formed in the human PDGFR-β promoter nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) is the 5′-mid G-quadruplex, the 3′-end sequence that contains a 3′-GGA run forms a less stable G-quadruplex. Recently, the 3′-end G-quadruplex was found to be a transcriptional repressor and can be selectively targeted by a small molecule for PDGFR-β downregulation. Method We use 1D and 2D high-field NMR, in combination with Dimethylsulfate Footprinting, Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay. Results We determine that the PDGFR-β extended 3′-end NHE sequence forms two novel end-insertion intramolecular G-quadruplexes that co-exist in equilibrium under physiological salt conditions. One G-quadruplex has a 3′-non-adjacent flanking guanine inserted into the 3′-external tetrad (3′-insertion-G4), and another has a 5′-non-adjacent flanking guanine inserted into the 5′-external tetrad (5′-insertion-G4). The two guanines in the GGA-run move up or down within the G-quadruplex to accommodate the inserted guanine. Each end-insertion G-quadruplex has a low thermal stability as compared to the 5′-mid G-quadruplex, but the selective stabilization of GSA1129 shifts the equilibrium toward the 3′-end G-quadruplex in the PDGFR-β NHE. Conclusion An equilibrium mixture of two unique end-insertion intramolecular G-quadruplexes forms in the PDGFR-β NHE 3′-end sequence that contains a GGA-run and non-adjacent guanines in both the 3′- and 5′- flanking segments; the novel end-insertion structures of the 3′-end G-quadruplex are selectively stabilized by GSA1129. General significance We show for the first time that an equilibrium mixture of two unusual end-insertion G-quadruplexes forms in a native promoter sequence and appears to be the molecular recognition for PDGFR-β downregulation.
Guiding Search in Continuous State-action Spaces by Learning an Action Sampler from Off-target Search Experience

In robotics, it is essential to be able to plan efficiently in high-dimensional continuous state-action spaces for long horizons. For such complex planning problems, unguided uniform sampling of actions until a path to a goal is found is hopelessly inefficient, and gradient-based approaches often fall short when the optimization manifold of a given problem is not smooth. In this paper, we present an approach that guides search in continuous spaces for generic planners by learning an action sampler from past search experience. We use a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to represent an action sampler, and address an important issue: search experience consists of a relatively large number of actions that are not on a solution path and a relatively small number of actions that actually are on a solution path. We introduce a new technique, based on an importance-ratio estimation method, for using samples from a non-target distribution to make GAN learning more data-efficient. We provide theoretical guarantees and empirical evaluation in three challenging continuous robot planning problems to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
‘The fire rises’: identity, the alt-right and intersectionality

This article examines the ideology of the ‘alt-right,’ specifically in its relation to the importance of identity. Placing the alt-right within the context of the rising importance of identity with...
Exploring Work-Life Balance of Junior Athletic Training Faculty Members During Role Inductance

Context: Work-life balance has become a growing concern in athletic training, but little is known about the experiences of faculty and finding it. Challenges in finding work-life balance have been ...
Students, systems, and interactions: synthesizing the first four years of learning@scale and charting the future

We survey all four years of papers published so far at the Learning at Scale conference in order to reflect on the major research areas that have been investigated and to chart possible directions for future study. We classified all 69 full papers so far into three categories: Systems for Learning at Scale, Interactions with Sociotechnical Systems, and Understanding Online Students. Systems papers presented technologies that varied by how much they amplify human effort (e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many). Interaction papers studied both individual and group interactions with learning technologies. Finally, student-centric study papers focused on modeling knowledge and on promoting global access and equity. We conclude by charting future research directions related to topics such as going beyond the MOOC hype cycle, axes of scale for systems, more immersive course experiences, learning on mobile devices, diversity in student personas, students as co-creators, and fostering better social connections amongst students.
Algorithmic Considerations in Large Mainframe Computers

Computational quantum chemistry has traditionally been at the forefront of scientific applications exploiting the rapid growth of computational capabilities. This state of affairs has resulted from the complexity of the problems that computational quantum chemists desire to solve. As a result of the basic formalism of quantum mechanics as expressed in matrix form, this field of science is acutely dependent on the capability of performing high-speed floating point arithmetic as well as being able to manipulate large quantities of data.
Using Early ASL Word Order to Shed Light on Word Order Variability in Sign Language

This study examines the early multi-sign utterances of four deaf children between the ages of 20 and 30 months acquiring American Sign Language (ASL) as their first language from deaf, signing parents. Results show that during this early stage, children are very inconsistent in their adherence to canonical VO word order, producing a high proportion of utterances with noncanonical OV order. Although such a pattern could indicate failure to set the Head Parameter, this chapter argues the contrary: that these children have not only set the Head Parameter, they have already begun to employ word order variation licensed by specific types of ASL verbal morphology. In addition to this early development of morpho-syntactically motivated OV, one of the children in this study also produces what appears to be early topicalisation structures, exhibiting a developing awareness that noncanonical OV word order has pragmatic as well a syntactic sources in ASL.
Optical Sensors with Metal Ions

Optical sensors are materials that potentially have a wide range of uses and applications in both medical and environmental situations among others. Optical sensors can be designed to make use of changes in the wavelengths or extinction coefficients of the sensing material. Alternately for emissive materials, it is possible to use changes in the emission wavelengths or intensities to monitor the presence or absence of chemical species. These chemical species can be cations, anions, or organic molecules. For a sensor to be useful it is necessary for the device to be selective for the specific chemical species of interest, and that the change in the property of the sensing material be responsive in a consistent manner to changes in concentration of the chemical species being detected or analyzed.1–8 This chapter is focused on optical sensors incorporating metals, and one feature of such sensors is their use to detect metal ions in solutions. For the metal binding site in such a sensor it is usual to employ chelate or macrocyclic ligands because they can be tailored to selectively complex a variety of different metal ions. For the detection of uncharged molecules a host will usually be selected such that its cavity matches the shape and size of the chosen guest. More recently metal-containing optical sensors are being developed that can function as anion selective receptors, and again the receptor must be specifically designed to meet the requirements of the individual anions.9
Low-Cost and Desktop-Fabricated Biosensor for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Circulating D-Dimer Biomarker

Disposable point-of-care biomedical applications demand low-cost biosensing systems that can provide rapid detection with accessible fabrication requirements and user-friendly operation. Here, we present an easy-to-operate and cleanroom-free desktop-fabricated biosensor that is capable of reliable detection for human D-dimer biomarkers on-site. Interdigitated electrodes are used as the biosensor, and they are fabricated using commercial compact discs and home-made gadgets. The compact disc-based electrode arrays are patterned by wet-etching and followed by electroplating of polypyrrole (PPy). The nano-porous structures of PPy enhance the immobilization of protein probe on the electrode surface. The sensor performance is further enhanced by the ac electrokinetics (ACEK) capacitive sensing method. ACEK capacitive sensing induces ACEK effects that direct analytes toward the electrode surfaces, significantly promoting probe-target binding. Our sensor can quantitatively detect D-dimer biomarkers in 1 min with a limit of detection of 1 pg/mL. In contrast, Nyquist or Bode plots can only qualitatively distinguish positive and negative samples. Furthermore, the total cost of each test, together with the lithography material and compact disk, is only around U.S. $1, and it is acceptable to be disposable. The sensitive device yields wide-ranging and significant advantages for biomedical and lab-on-a-chip applications for undeveloped areas.
Risk Management for Optimal Wind Power Bidding in an Electricity Market: A Comparative Study

Currently, it is common to trade wind energy in competitive electricity markets. However, wind power traders face additional risks beside the common market risks due to wind uncertainty. Hence, risk management is crucial for trading wind power in the pool. In this paper, the risk management of a stochastic optimization-based model without and with different risk measures, including variance, value at risk (VaR), and conditional value at risk (CVaR), as well as the stochastic dominance-based risk management method for trading wind energy in the pool are presented and compared. Case studies are conducted for an 80 MW wind power producer to show and compare the performance of the stochastic optimization-based bidding models without risk management and with different risk management approaches. In this paper, the comparison is based on various parameters of the distributions of the optimal objective function value obtained from different considered cases, rather than just one or two distributions’ parameter(s) which is the common in the literature.
Crafting a Culture That Values Exceptional Teaching Practice: A Dean's Perspective.

This essay explores the similarities and differences between faculty and administrators related to the definition and applied practice of teaching and learning. It is concluded that there is much a...
Immunotherapy Approaches Beyond PD-1 Inhibition: the Future of Cellular Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

In a span of a few years, the surprising early successes of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors across a vast range of tumor types have transformed our understanding of cancer immunogenicity and provided proof of principle that T cells, if manipulated, can mediate meaningful tumor regression. In head and neck cancer, only a minority of patients respond to PD-1 therapy, but these small outcomes have fueled the enthusiasm for the next generation of immunotherapy—adoptive cell therapy—which employs recent advances in genetic engineering and cell culturing methods to generate T cells with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy for infusion back into the patient. Head and neck cancer is comprised of biologically distinct cancers, HPV-positive and HPV-negative, and the clinical responses to PD-1 inhibitors in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck patients have showcased better than any other cancer type that there are distinct pathways to immunogenicity that may lend themselves to different therapeutic approaches. Thus, head and neck cancer is uniquely poised to benefit from the personalized approach of adoptive cell therapy as well as provide a valuable platform to explore contrasting T cell modalities. In this article, we will review the growing portfolio of trials of adoptive cell therapies in head and neck cancer and discuss the future directions of this emerging new field.
The Great Writ in the Peach State: Georgia Habeas Corpus, 1865-1965

There is a plenitude of scholarly writing on the Great Writ of Habeas Corpus, which is universally recognized as "one of the decisively differentiating factors between our democracy and totalitarian governments."' The overwhelming majority of these scholarly publications are concerned with the writ of habeas corpus as administered in the federal court system. There are far fewer scholarly publications on the writ of habeas corpus as administered in the courts of the State of Georgia, and most of these works are concerned with Georgia habeas corpus as a state postconviction remedy, past and present. Only one scholarly piece, a law review article, provides a comprehensive view of the writ of habeas corpus in Georgia. It covers the time span from 1733 (when the Georgia colony was founded) until 1865 (when the Civil War concluded).This Article provides a thorough account of the writ of habeas corpus in Georgia during the century after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1965. When this period began, Georgia was in ruins and on the verge of Reconstruction; when the period ended, the state was prosperous and in the midst of a Second Reconstruction. Part I of this Article examines the habeas protections in the Georgia state constitutions of 1865, 1868, 1877, and 1945. Part II explores the various Georgia habeas corpus statutes enacted or in force at one time or another from 1865 to 1965. Part III reviews Georgia habeas corpus practice and procedure during this same time period, and Part IV surveys the Georgia habeas corpus case law during this period.
Acoustic processes in materials

The coupling of acoustic energy with materials structures and processes is at the core of such current and emerging application areas as ultrasound-enabled materials characterization, structuring, and processing. High concentration of acoustic energy, such as upon the collapse of a cavitation bubble, has been shown to provide conditions for the synthesis of unusual material phases and structures, while intriguing reports on acoustic activation of surface diffusion, desorption, and catalysis hold high promise for applications where heating must be avoided or rapid switching of surface conditions is required. Some of the recent scientific and technical advances in the general area of acoustically enabled materials synthesis, processing, and characterization are reviewed in this issue of MRS Bulletin. Additional discussion of experimental data and computational results providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms and channels of the acoustic energy coupling to atomic-scale surface features and adsorbates is also provided in this article.
An Efficient and Accurate Algorithm for the Perspecitve-n-Point Problem

In this paper, we address the problem of pose estimation from N 2D/3D point correspondences, known as the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem. Although many solutions have been proposed, it is hard to optimize both computational complexity and accuracy at the same time. In this paper, we propose an accurate and simultaneously efficient solution to the PnP problem. Previous PnP algorithms generally involve two sets of unknowns including the depth of each pixel and the pose of the camera. Our formulation does not involve the depth of each pixel. By introducing some intermediate variables, this formulation leads to a fourth degree polynomial cost function with 3 unknowns that only involves the rotation. In contrast to previous works, we do not address this minimization problem by solving the first-order optimality conditions using the off-the-shelf Grobner basis method, as the Grobner basis method may encounter numeric problems. Instead, we present a method based on linear system null space analysis to provide a robust initial estimation for a Newton iteration. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm is comparable to the start-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy, and the speed of our algorithm is among the fastest algorithms.
Phase-space dynamics of Alfvén mode chirping

In tokamak discharges, toroidal Alfven eigenmodes often experience complex semi-periodic frequency modulation known as chirping. These events modify the local high energy particle distribution and are expected to occur in many future fusion devices, which include energetic beams or fusion products. This paper presents a study of simulations of mode chirping made in order to better understand its phase-space properties in a realistic tokamak configuration. We find a mechanism that permits rapid repeated chirping with strong amplitude variation in each chirp. Each chirp is associated with an amplitude crash to low magnitude and local manipulation of the density gradients through a shift of mode phase through π. The chirping produces high density clumps, which propagate down the fast ion density gradient and low density holes that propagate up the density gradient away from the resonance. This flow of particles across the resonance provides an energy source and local gradients for repeated chirping.
Input-Output Systems

One fruitful way to approach the study of general control systems, or indeed systems in general, is to regard these systems as producing specific responses, or outputs, when confronted with various permissible environmental situations, or inputs. Until rather recently, this approach has dominated the engineering and scientific literature on control theory. In the present chapter, some of the important concepts from this literature are briefly discussed, and in the next chapter it is shown how these concepts can be applied directly to the study of certain biological control mechanisms.
Distal tibia allograft glenoid reconstruction for shoulder instability: outcomes after lesser tuberosity osteotomy.

Background Distal tibia allograft reconstruction of the glenoid in shoulder instability has garnered significant attention over the last decade. Prior studies demonstrate significant improvement in all reported patient outcomes albeit the approach is through a subscapularis split. There have not been prior studies evaluating outcomes after lesser tuberosity osteotomy which provides excellent exposure to the anterior glenoid.We hypothesize there is significant improvement in functional outcomes and no deleterious effects after lesser tuberosity osteotomy for distal tibia allograft reconstruction of the glenoid for shoulder instability. Methods A retrospective review was performed from 2016 of 2019 of patients undergoing distal tibia allograft reconstruction of the glenoid through a lesser tuberosity osteotomy. Patients were indicated if they had recurrent anterior shoulder instability with >20% glenoid bone loss and evidence of an off-track lesion. Clinical, imaging, and operative data were evaluated. Objective follow-up data evaluated at minimum 2 years included radiographs, range of motion, DASH, SANE, VAS, SST, ASES, and Constant scores. Results A total of 12 patients were available with average follow-up 28 months, average age 26 years old, and average glenoid bone loss of 33%. The patients demonstrated significant improvement in their clinical outcomes at final follow-up: DASH 42.9-8.9 (P = .004), SANE 32.2-85 (P = .00005), VAS 4.6-1.1 (P = .003), SST 7-11.4 (P = .01), ASES 50.2-90.5 (P = .001), and Constant 37.6-86.2 (P = .01). Range of motion at final follow-up was forward flexion to 161.4° (135-170°), external rotation 49.5° (40-65°), and internal rotation to T12-L1 (T7-L2) vertebral body. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of a lesser tuberosity osteotomy in exposure of the glenoid for reconstruction with a distal tibia allograft. The functional integrity of the subscapularis is maintained and the patient-reported outcomes are comparable with current literature.
Prediction of strength and modulus of discontinuous carbon fiber composites considering stochastic microstructure

Abstract Modeling the mechanical behavior of discontinuous fiber composites has long been a challenge for the composites community and is of increasing interest due to recent interest for automotive lightweighting. Micromechanical models typically predict the stiffness accurately, but reliable strength models have been largely elusive due to the highly stochastic microstructure. This paper presents a stiffness and strength laminate analogy model for discontinuous fiber composites using stochastic fiber orientation, length, fiber volume fraction, and void volume fraction. For the first time, the master ply invariant approach has been applied to discontinuous fiber composites and shows good agreement in modeling the stiffness. A strain energy density-based laminate failure condition successfully predicts the tensile strength of these composites. This paper demonstrates accurate, first-order strength and stiffness predictions for discontinuous fiber composites using constituent properties readily obtained from material datasheets.