cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PWE-196 Factors predicting mortality in acute severe gallstone pancreatitis

Introduction The British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines state that “Urgent therapeutic ERCP should be performed in patients with acute pancreatitis of suspected or proven gall stone aetiology who satisfy the criteria for predicted or actual severe pancreatitis”. The Cochrane review in 2012 suggested that ERCP does not affect morbidity and mortality and some patients with gallstones in the CBD will pass spontaneously. Aim The aim of this study was to assess predictive factors of mortality and the need for ERCP in severe gallstone pancreatitis. Method Data for patients who presented with acute severe biliary pancreatitis between January 2012 and April 2014 was collected. Data collected included predicted severity (Modified Glasgow score), liver function tests, white cell count, USS, ERCP and MRCP reports. Overall 90 day mortality was also recorded. Results 123 patients had predicted severe pancreatitis. On US 21 patients had a dilated CBD and 16 had CBD stone. 51% of patients (n = 63) had MRCP of which 22 patients had CBD stones. 60 patients had ERCP. In 17% (n = 21) no stone was found. 2 patients (3%) developed post ERCP pancreatitis.11% (n = 14)of the patients admitted with predicted severe acute pancreatitis died. On univariate analysis albumin (p = 0.003), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p= Conclusion Low serum albumin and ALT predicts mortality in severe GSP but ERCP does not and may precipitate further attacks of pancreatitis. Patients who have severe gallstone pancreatitis without deteriorating LFTs or cholangitis should have an MRCP to confirm stones in the CBD prior to ERCP. Disclosure of interest None Declared.
The Physician Executive: Role in the Adaptation of American Medicine

In the arena of managed care and large delivery systems, professional associations find it increasingly difficult to influence the environments in which their members practice. Physician executives appear likely to play key roles in the response of medicine to change. This article discusses how an analysis of the work of physicians involved in management fails to yield a clear analytic distinction between physicians engaged in management and the behavior of others who have managerial responsibility.
Studying the Membrane-Bound Conformation of Alpha-Synuclein using a Model Transmembrane Peptide System in a Lipid Bilayer

Alpha-synuclein is intrinsically disordered in solution but adopts a partially alpha-helical structure when membrane bound; we are currently investigating this structure using a cyanylated cysteine vibrational probe at various sites on the αS membrane binding domain. In order to quantitatively understand the depth dependence of the SCN probe in a lipid bilayer, four variants of a poly-L transmembrane helical peptide were designed and synthesized with cysteine residues at different depths in a membrane bilayer. A nonaqueous cyanylation and purification protocol was developed to introduce the probe group on these very hydrophobic model peptides. Vibrational spectroscopy was carried out on the four variants in a model lipid system using both solution/vesicle and oriented, immobilized samples. These data will help to elucidate the membrane interactions of both αS and other membrane-bound proteins.
Effect of hypophysectomy on concentration of intrinsic factor in rat gastric mucosa.

SummaryHypophysectomy caused a 41% decrease in the concentration of IF in the fundic mucosa of the rat even when the food intake of control rats was limited to that of the hypophysectomized rats. Since the chief cell undergoes more profound involution and functional depression than any other cell type in the fundic gland, these observations point to the chief cell as being the source of IF production in the rat. Also, the normal elaboration of IF appears to be under hormonal control.We thank Dr. Claire J. Shellabarger, Director, Radioisotope Research Laboratory, Univ. of Michigan, for consultation regarding technical aspects of the work, and the staff of the Statistical Research Laboratory for advice on statistical treatment of the data.
The future of electric aircraft

The automotive industry has already begun creating electric vehicles. Now it is time for the aerospace industry to produce a viable contender in the midst of the fossil fuel dominated industry. With this in mind, the goal is to identify the constraints and forecast which technologies need to be developed to allow electric powered aircraft to have a range capable of intra-continental travel. To complete this mission the project was divided into two distinct e orts: airframe development and the electric powertrain. Although designing an optimal airframe is important, the plane will not y without the energy storage and generation capabilities. The main focus was the research of the electric powertrain. The application of metal-air batteries was evaluated and was concluded to be a dead-end. Other energy storage solutions were explored such as structural batteries and the employment of hydrogen fuel cells. Innovative generation techniques were explored and their feasibility were analyzed to determine which technologies will buy their way into future electric aircrafts. With these technologies electric aircrafts have a ghting chance against the fossil fuel contenders. When the optimized aircraft and the electric powertrain were merged the nal product was produced. This project is driven by future technologies and environmental awareness. The goal was to simplify the whole aircraft to its essentials that play a vital role in the performance and viability of the aircraft. This aircraft is bound to cement the standards of the current aviation industry. It addresses the fuel prices and the environmental concern while taking into consideration FAA regulations. The vehicle was designed to demonstrate technology but also applies to a diverse market.
Nal (Tl) シンチレーションスペクトロメータによる1センチメートル線量当量率の評価

A method for evaluating 1 cm dose equivalent rates from a pulse height distribution obtained by a 76.2mmφ spherical NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer was described. Weak leakage radiation from nuclear facilities were also measured and dose equivalent conversion factor and effective energy of leakage radiation were evaluated from 1cm dose equivalent rate and exposure rate.
From WWII to the World Wide Web A Research Note on Social Changes, Online “Places,” and a New Online Activity Ratio for Routine Activity Theory

From online banking to social networking sites, the advent of the Internet has revolutionized the manner in which society carries out their online routine activities. Although the Internet continue...
Sexual rhetorics: Methods, identities, publics

Introduction: What's Sexual about Rhetoric, What's Rhetorical about Sex? Jonathan Alexander and Jacqueline Rhodes Section I: Sexed Methods 1. Promiscuous Approaches to Reorienting Rhetorical Research Heather Lee Branstetter 2. "Intersecting Realities": Queer Assemblage as Rhetorical Methodology Jason Palmeri and Jonathan Rylander 3. Consciousness, Experience, Sexual Expression, and Judgment Jacqueline M. Martinez 4. Hard Core Rhetoric: Gender, Genre, and the Image in Neuroscience Jordynn Jack 5. Historicizing Sexual Rhetorics: Theorizing the Power to Read, the Power to Interpret, and the Power to Produce Meta G. Carstarphen 6. Milk Memory's Queer Rhetorical Futurity Charles E. Morris III Section II: Troubling Identity 7. The Trope of the Closet David L. Wallace 8. Sex and the Crip Latina Ellen M. Gil-Gomez 9. Affect, Female Masculinity, and the Embodied Space Between: Two-Spirit Traces in Thirza Cuthand's Experimental Film Lisa Tatonetti 10. The Unbearable Weight of Pedagogical Neutrality: Religion and LGBTQ Issues in the English Studies Classroom G Patterson 11. The Story of Fox Girl: Writing Queer about/in Imaginary Spaces Martha Marinara 12. "As Proud of Our Gayness, as We Are of Our Blackness": Race-ing Sexual Rhetorics in the National Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gays Eric Darnell Pritchard Section III: (Counter)Publics 13. "Gay Boys Kill Themselves": The Queer Figuration of the Suicidal Gay Teen Erin J. Rand 14. Consorting with the Enemy?: Women's Liberation Rhetoric about Sexuality Clark A. Pomerleau 15. Sex Trafficking Rhetorics/Queer Refusal Ian Barnard 16. Sexual Counterpublics, Disciplinary Rhetorics, and Truvada J. Blake Scott 17. Presidential Masculinity: George W. Bush's Rhetorical Conquest Luke Winslow 18. Liberal Humanist "Rights" Discourse and Sexual Citizenship Harriet Malinowitz
The knowledge,attitude and practice study on safe sexual behavior among drug users in Beijing

Objective:To investigate status on the knowledge, attitude and practice of safe sexual behavior among drug users in Beijing, and provide scientific evidences for the prevention and control of STD/AIDS in these people. Methods:The knowledge, attitude and practice of safe sexual behavior were surveyed through questionnaires among 277 drug users in the withdrawal house of Beijing. Results:The awareness rate for that proper using condom can prevent AIDS was the highest(93.9%). There was significant difference for using condom with regular and casual sex partners, the rate for using condom with settled sex partners was the lowest. Conclusion:There were high factors such as many sex partners and unsafe sexual behavior in drug users. To carry out safe sexual behavior education and condom utilization in drug users will play significant role in STD/AIDS control.
Research and design with structure of distributed coordination integrated system

In distributed cooperative experiment,the architecture of cooperative system is the base of any key technique of system.A three-level-architecture including data level,intermediate level,and user level is presented,and has described the implementation method of the Intermediate level emphatically.Through an application,implement the basic function of synthetic system in distributed cooperative experiment,and validate the reasonable and preciseness of this architecture.
Abstract 189: Mail Order Pharmacy Use is Associated with Greater Adherence to Secondary Preventive Drugs Among Stroke Patients

Background: Mail order pharmacies are increasingly being used to deliver medications for chronic disease management. Their use is linked to similar or even greater medication adherence than local pharmacy use. Medication adherence is associated with improved outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular events, health care costs, and mortality. We are unaware of any studies that have evaluated the association of mail order pharmacy use with drug adherence among stroke patients. Objective: To investigate whether stroke patients who use mail-order pharmacies were more likely to have good medication adherence than those who used local pharmacies. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of patients discharged with ischemic stroke from 24 hospitals who received a new anticoagulant and/or lipid-lowering medication between 31/DEC/2006 and 26/JUN/2015. We defined good adherence as medication availability at least 80% of the time (i.e, a continuous measure of medication gaps value of less than or = 20%) and co...
Potassium-induced chloride secretion across the frog retinal pigment epithelium.

In the intact eye, a transition from light to dark increases K concentration ([K]o) from approximately 2 to 5 mM in the extracellular (subretinal) space between the photoreceptors and the retinal p...
Fatty Acid Distribution in Lipids of Chicken Muscles and Internal Organs

今回大和肉鶏を品質面から評価すべく筋肉,皮及び内臓脂質中の脂肪酸組成を調べた。まず,GC/MSを用いて脂肪酸の同定を行ったところ15種類が確認された。次に量的に多い7種類について含有率を調べたところ,胸及び腿肉ではC18:1がもっとも多く,ささみ,筋胃,首肉でもよく似た傾向を示した。内臓ではC18:1の含有率が低く,それに対し肝臓ではC16:0が,また心臓ではC20:4が高い値を示した。
Synthesis and Characterization of Mononuclear, Pseudotetrahedral Cobalt(III) Compounds

The preparation and characterization of two mononuclear cobalt(III) tropocoronand complexes, [Co(TC-5,5)](BF4) and [Co(TC-6,6)](BPh4), are reported. The cobalt(III) centers exist in rare pseudotetrahedral conformations, with twist angles of 65° and 74° for the [Co(TC-5,5]+ and [Co(TC-6,6)]+ species, respectively. Structural and electrochemical characteristics are compared with those of newly synthesized [Ga(TC-5,5)](GaCl4) and [Ga(TC-6,6)](GaCl4) analogues. The spin state of the pseudotetrahedral [Co(TC-6,6)](BPh4) compound was determined to be S = 2, a change in spin state from the value of S = 1 that occurs in the square-planar and distorted square-planar complexes, [Co(TC-3,3)](X) (X = BPh4, BAr′4) and [Co(TC-4,4)](BPh4), respectively.
Summary of special issue on gadolinium bioeffects and toxicity with a look to the future

This summary attempts to provide forward-looking concepts regarding gadolinium related toxicity, as discussed in further detail in this issue.
Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and intervention approaches

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and continues to increase in prevalence in almost all countries in which it has been studied, including developed and developing countries around the globe. The causes of obesity are complex and multi-factorial. Childhood obesity becomes a life-long problem in most cases and is associated with long term chronic disease risk for a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as psychosocial as issues and obesity seems to affect almost every organ system in the body. In recent years there has been tremendous progress in the understanding of this problem and in strategies for prevention and treatment in the pediatric years. Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches presents current reviews on the complex problem of obesity from the multi-level causes throughout early life before adulthood and the implications for this for long-term disease risk. It reviews numerous types of strategies that have been used to address this issue from conventional clinical management to global policy strategies attempting to modify the global landscape of food, nutrition, and physical activity. Each chapter is written by a global authority in his or her respective field with a focus on reviewing the current status and recent developments. The book features information on contributing factors to obesity, including developmental origins, social/family, birth cohort studies, influence of ethnicity, and global perspectives. It takes a life-course approach to the subject matter and includes exhaustive treatment of contributing factors to childhood obesity, such as assessment, environmental factors, nutrition and dietary factors, host factors, interventions and treatment, consequences, and further action for future prevention. This broad range of topics relevant to the rapidly changing field of childhood obesity is suitable for students, health care professionals, physicians, and researchers.
Mapping impact of urbanization in the continental U.S. from 2001–2020

We combine Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products to create observation-based and scenario-based maps characterizing distant-past, recent-past, present, and near-future land cover and land use change in the continental United States at a ∼5km scale. These maps show the nature and impact of urbanization across the continental U.S. from 2001 to 2020 with focus on the relationship between population and urban growth and how it varies across the U.S. The influence of culture on urbanization characteristics are revealed in the results at city-scale, helping to provide insight into both past and projected urbanization trends.
The role of the otolaryngologist in the evaluation and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis

Objective To describe the clinical presentation and role of the otolaryngologist in the evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Records from pediatric patients with a diagnosis of EoE from 2003 to 2015 were reviewed. Study variables were analyzed to compare patients presenting to different specialties. Results Two hundred and fifty-one patients with EoE were evaluated. The median age at diagnosis was 9.0 years (range 0.8–19.0); 73% were male. Sixty-seven percent of patients initially presented to gastroenterology and 18% to otolaryngology. Time from initial presentation to diagnosis did not differ between the patients presenting to the two specialties (median 2.3 vs. 2.0 months, P = 0.510). Overall, 26% presented with airway symptoms (stridor, chronic cough, croup, or dysphonia). Patients diagnosed by the otolaryngology service were younger (3.4 vs. 10.4 years, P < 0.0001), had a higher incidence of airway symptoms (68% vs. 15%, P < 0.001), and demonstrated fewer gastrointestinal symptoms (86% vs. 100%, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with EoE frequently present to otolaryngology undiagnosed in the first 5 years of life, making esophagoscopy with biopsy an important adjunct to airway endoscopy in children with refractory aerodigestive symptoms. Otolaryngologists are uniquely poised to facilitate early diagnosis and initiation of therapy for these children, potentially reducing long-term sequelae. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2016
The Challenge of Measuring Strain in FDSOI Device Structures – HRXRD as a Potential Method of Resolution

The strain state of Si1-xGex/SiO2 dummy structures on FDSOI wafers is non-destructively characterized by HRXRD reciprocal space mapping. A transition from biaxial to uniaxial strain is detected on narrow condensed Si1-xGex lines with shallow trench isolation (STI), revealing an increasing in-plane elastic strain relaxation perpendicular to the trenches with decreasing line width, but no strain relaxation parallel to the trenches. The degree of crystallinity of Si1-xGex lines degrades with increasing annealing temperature and time. An additional elastic strain reduction appears in the direction parallel to the STI trenches after deposition of source-drain Si1-yGey islands between dummy gates. The separation of the Si1-xGex peaks from Si1-yGey remains unresolved if x and y are close to each other.
Medium effects on pion production in heavy ion collisions

Within the framework of the relativistic Vlasov--Uehling--Uhlenbeck transport model based on the relativistic nonlinear $\mathrm{NL}\ensuremath{\rho}$ interaction, we study pion in-medium effects on the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio in $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions at the energy of $E/A=400\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$. These effects include the isospin-dependent pion $s$-wave and $p$-wave potentials, which are taken from calculations based on the chiral perturbation theory and the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-hole model, respectively. We find that the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio in this collision is suppressed by the pion $s$-wave potential but enhanced by the $p$-wave potential, with a net effect of a significantly suppressed ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio. Including also the in-medium threshold effects on $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ resonance production and decay and using a nuclear symmetry energy with a slope parameter $L=59\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$ by reducing the coupling of isovector-vector $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson to nucleon, our result is in good agreement with measured ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ ratio from the FOPI Collaboration. We further investigate the pion in-medium effects on the ratio of charged pions as a function of their kinetic energies.
Mine-Related Anthropogenic Soils

Mine-related anthropogenic soils are primarily associated with modern landscapes created by the surface mining of coal. They are classified as Spolic Technosols having been formed in HTM containing technogenic artifacts in the form of mine spoil. Mine spoils are comprised of sedimentary rock fragments that have been fractured and rapidly exposed by blasting and excavation. Spoils are composed predominantly of coarse fragments, and are characterized by unusually large voids not seen in natural soils. Some mine spoils contain significant amounts (30–60%) of fine earth fraction soil-sized depending on blasting intensity.
Lenalidomide and rituximab for untreated indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

8548 Background: Despite advances in therapy and a better understanding of the natural history of indolent non-Hodgkins lymphomas (NHL), the optimal treatment for newly diagnosed patients (pts) has not been determined. While several combination chemotherapy regimens have response rates approaching 90%, toxicity is common with genotoxic drugs and secondary malignancies is a concern. Lenalidomide has been shown to have single agent activity in indolent NHL, and is approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome. Rituximab is effective as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy for indolent NHL. The aim of this phase II, single arm study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide and rituximab in pts with untreated, stage III, or IV indolent NHL. Methods: Pts with indolent NHL who were previously untreated, with measurable disease (>1.5 cm), were eligible for enrollment. Pts received 20mg of lenalidomide orally once daily on days 1–21 and rituximab 375mg/m2...
Social and Numerical Anchoring Effects on the Level of Aspiration

Previous studies on level of aspiration (LOA) have confounded numerical and social anchoring effects, or have inadequately controlled for the presence of numerical anchorages. This study attempted to assess these singly and in interaction. Anchoring effects were varied across levels of social prestige and numerical success scores, and combined with and without attributed chance scores. Results indicated a significant triple interaction of the variables, along with significant main effects and double interactions. Comparisons of the results of this study with previous ones clarified the effects of chance, numerical, and social anchorages on the LOA.
The Cobamide Coenzymes

Publisher Summary Studies on the metabolism of glutamic acid by cell-free extracts of Clostridium ( Cl. ) tetanomorphum led to the isolation of the first cobamide coenzyme, the adeninylcobamide coenzyme, a derivative of pseudovitamin B 12 . The related coenzyme form of vitamin B 12 , containing 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) was isolated from bacterial sources as well as animal liver, making it apparent that this class of compounds is widespread in nature. Quantitative determinations of the coenzyme content of various organisms such as Cl. tetanomorphum , Propionibacterium shermanii, Escherichia coli and the livers of several animal species show that a large percentage of the endogenous cobamide compounds is present in the coenzyme form. The increased knowledge of the chemistry and reactions of the B 12 coenzymes makes it clear why the cobamide coenzymes were not detected. The commercial vitamin form cyanocobalamin does not occur normally in nature, but is an artifact of the isolation procedures that have been employed for the purification of the cobamide compounds from natural sources. This chapter discusses the aspects of vitamin B 12 chemistry pertaining to the cobamide coenzymes.
Adding Security, but Subtracting Safety? Exploring Schools’ use of Multiple Visible Security Measures

In response to continued concerns over crime and violence, schools are increasingly employing visible security measures such as cameras, metal detectors, and security personnel. These security measures are not mutually exclusive, but few studies have considered the relationship between the use of multiple forms of security and youth’s exposure to drugs, fighting, property crime, and firearms at school. To address this issue, we analyzed nationally representative school administrator-reported data from the School Survey on Crime & Safety, using a quasi-experimental design with propensity scores to adjust for potential confounding factors. The results indicated that utilization of multiple security measures reduced the likelihood of exposure to property crime in high schools, but most other security utilization patterns were associated with poorer school safety outcomes. Our findings provide guidance to policymakers in considering whether to use – or expand – visible school security measures in schools.
Victims’ Retrospective Explanations of Sibling Sexual Violence

ABSTRACTWhile sibling sexual abuse may be the most common form of sexual violence within the family, relatively few studies have been conducted on this topic. The current study addresses this gap in the literature through analyses of thematic categories in narratives gathered from an online survey of sibling sexual violence. Survivors were asked to report why they believed their siblings had become sexually abusive toward them. Participants believed that their abusers had learned to be abusive due to their own victimization or exposure to pornography, were abusive to establish dominance over them, or had some undisclosed mental illness. While the study does not claim to test these explanations or include abusers’ own narratives, it offers insight as to how sibling sexual violence survivors make sense of their experiences and assign blame to abusers and their families. It also offers insights into future inquiries about sibling sexual abuse.
Weight and Eating Concerns in Women's Reproductive Health.

Women’s weight status affects their reproductive functioning, and, likewise, women’s lifetime weight trajectories are influenced by reproductive events. We examine the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pregnancy, the postpartum period, and gynecological cancers with weight, body image, and other psychiatric issues. Women with overweight or obesity are at higher risk for PCOS, and the mood and anxiety symptoms often comorbid with PCOS are linked to weight as well as the core symptoms of the disorder. Excessive gestational weight gain can influence one’s body image and mood, and it predicts lasting effects on postpartum weight retention. Finally, overweight and obesity are related to several gynecological cancers. These diseases also impact mood, anxiety, and poor body image. Weight management interventions may be of some benefit in improving the disease states and pregnancy outcomes discussed here, but feasibility, logistics, and costs are issues that remain in delivering such interventions.
4 – METHODS OF TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the application of tunneling spectroscopy to probe surface phenomena. Examples are drawn from a few of the earlier applications of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that demonstrated the potential for spectroscopy. Tunneling spectroscopy is not a new technique and has been used a great deal in examining the properties of fixed tunneling junctions. With the advent of the scanning tunneling microscope, two new variables come into plays that were not accessible in fixed tunnel junctions. The first, and most important, is the scanning ability of the STM that adds a great potential for atom resolved probing of spectroscopic signals on a material. This ability has allowed investigators to probe the electronic properties, ranging from individual adatorns, on a surface to spatial properties of vortex states of superconductors. The second feature in STM spectroscopy is the variability of the tip-sample separation. This variability allows the probing of the potential barrier between two electrodes and also allows the STM to function as an electron interferometer by changing the electron wave function path length between the sample and the tip. Finally, the chapter concludes that tunneling spectroscopy suffers from the unknown contribution of the probe tip. This can lead to nonreproducibility in data, resulting from tip instabilities, with voltage change, tip composition, and/or structural dependencies.
Digital 12-Lead Holter vs Standard Resting Supine Electrocardiogram for the Assessment of Drug-Induced QTc Prolongation

Ever since it was introduced in routine clinical cardiology practice (1), the continuous ambulatory electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) has been routinely used for diagnostic assessment of patients with different types of heart disease like cardiac arrhythmias, transient ischemic episodes and silent myocardial ischemia. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia, as well as the assessment of heart rate variability on Holter ECG acquired continuously over 24 h or longer have been useful for predicting clinical disease outcomes (2, 3, 4, 5). Likewise, Holter ECG is often used in clinical drug research for the monitoring of general cardiac safety of novel drugs under development, particularly during the early phase I trials. In contrast, Holter ECG has only rarely been used in drug development for the formal assessment of drug-induced effects on cardiac repolarization, and the experience of central ECG laboratories in measuring ECG intervals on Holter is limited. Pharmaceutical sponsors and patients alike would benefit if reliable QT/QTc assessment were possible by Holter ECG, whereby the continuous ambulatory digital 12-lead ECG would be used to substitute for standard resting supine 12-lead ECGs in the assessment of drug-induced QT/QTc prolongation.
NanoMine schema: An extensible data representation for polymer nanocomposites

Polymer nanocomposites consist of a polymer matrix and fillers with at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm) [L. Schadler et al., Jom 59(3), 53–60 (2007)]. A key challenge in constructing an effective data resource for polymer nanocomposites is building a consistent, coherent, and clear data representation of all relevant parameters and their interrelationships. The data resource must address (1) data representation for representing, saving, and accessing the data (e.g., a data schema used in a data resource such as a database management system), (2) data contribution and uploading (e.g., an MS Excel template file that users can use to input data), (3) concept and knowledge modeling in a computationally accessible form (e.g., generation of a knowledge graph and ontology), and (4) ultimately data analytics and mining for new materials discovery. This paper addresses the first three issues, paving the way for rich, nuanced data analysis. We present the NanoMine polymer nanocomposite schema as an XML-based data schema designed for nanocomposite materials data representation and distribution and discuss its relationship to a higher level polymer data core consistent with other centralized materials data efforts. We also demonstrate aspects of data entry in an accessible manner consistent with the XML schema and discuss our mapping and augmentation approach to provide a more comprehensive representation in the form of an ontology and an ontology-enabled knowledge graph framework for nanopolymer systems. The schema and ontology and their easy accessibility and compatibility with parallel material standards provide a platform for data storage and search, customized visualization, and machine learning tools for material discovery and design.
Cross‐country evidence of corruption spillovers to formal and informal entrepreneurship

Using cross‐country data this paper examines the spillovers of corruption to formal and informal entrepreneurship in neighboring countries. Whereas research has shown that entrepreneurs move underground to escape corruption, we argue that entrepreneurs may also seek refuge in neighboring countries. Indeed, the empirical results show that in response to a ceteris paribus increase in corruption in neighboring countries formal entrepreneurship increases in the home country with no effect on informal entrepreneurship. This is consistent with entrepreneurs circumventing corrupt public officials by immigrating to countries with presumably less corruption. These results withstand a battery of robustness checks. (JEL D73, L26)
A Criterion for Predicting Thermal Stratification Due to High-Pressure Injection in a Circulating Reactor Loop

A physically based criterion for predicting thermal stratification due to high-pressure injection in the presence of loop flow is presented. The predictions are consistent with the CREARE 1/5 scale, CREARE 1/2 scale, and HDR test results.
Facebooking for Good: Online Contact to Address Offline Conflict:

The present study examined the benefits of meeting new people on Facebook for social capital. Results of a two-wave national web survey (N = 387) indicate that using the site to meet and interact w...
Impact of self‐reflection and awareness‐raising on novice French learners’ pronunciation

Developing intelligible pronunciation is an important goal for language learners. Although it can be fostered through explicit instruction in communicative‐based courses, instructors need practical solutions to address their learners’ pronunciation individually. This one‐semester quasi‐experimental mixed methods study of 60 Generation Z novice French learners examined whether and how self‐reflection could be an effective learning strategy and an efficient complement in supporting the development of intelligible production of two phonological aspects (/y/‐/u/ and mandatory liaisons). Results of pre/post production tests for a treatment group (explicit instruction with self‐reflections) and a comparison group (explicit instruction only) were compared and responses to guided, open‐ended self‐reflections framed by the Awareness Continuum theory served to document students’ learning process. Self‐reflection resulted in significant production gains, particularly for learners who applied their attention and (multi‐)linguistic background to raise their phonological awareness.
Are we represented as who we are? An assessment of library faculty online profiles within the City University of New York

Abstract Academic librarians have been wrestling with faculty status and rank for many decades and their dual identities as professionals and faculty made their identity representations in the online profile environment designed by colleges and universities even more complicated. Misrepresentation or insufficient representation of academic librarians' identities could lead to jeopardy of their public images within colleges and universities, or even trigger suspicion that academic librarians bring an impediment to academic standards by achieving less or none. Therefore, this study surveyed library faculty's online profiles within the libraries of the City University of New York and tried to assess whether library faculty are represented as who they are. The results revealed three categories of profiles: Business-Card Profiles, Quasi-Faculty Profiles, and Full-Level Faculty Profiles, which brought out the discussion about business identification, the creative Me, and the collective We, as well as their relations to institutional culture.
Emergency department evaluation of chest pain among adult congenital heart disease patients

Background Data regarding emergency department (ED) assessment of acute chest pain (CP) and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) among adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients, relative to the non-congenital population, is lacking. Objectives To describe MI risk in ACHD patients presenting to the ED with chest pain and to compare clinical characteristics, diagnostic testing patterns, and outcomes to controls. Methods We retrospectively identified a cohort of ACHD patients presenting with acute CP and matched them with non-ACHD controls at a large tertiary-level ED during the period 1998–2018. Results The congenital and control cohorts comprised 297 patients respectively. While MI was less common among ACHD patients (5.2%) than controls (19.7%), P = .01, arrhythmia (14% vs 6%, P Conclusion MI is an uncommon cause of CP among ACHD patients presenting to the ED and occurs less frequently than seen in the general population. Established MI predictors, CP character and HEART Score, can reliably identify MI in ACHD patients.
Large-Scale Correlation of Mass and Galaxies with the Lyα Forest Transmitted Flux

We present predictions of the correlation between the Lyα forest absorption in quasar spectra and the mass within ~5 h-1 Mpc (comoving) of the line of sight, using fully hydrodynamic and hydro-PM numerical simulations of the cold dark matter model supported by present observations. The observed correlation based on galaxies and the Lyα forest can be directly compared to our theoretical results, assuming that galaxies are linearly biased on large scales. Specifically, we predict the average value of the mass fluctuation, δm, conditioned to a fixed value of the Lyα forest transmitted flux, δF, after they have been smoothed over a 10 h-1 Mpc cube and line-of-sight interval, respectively. We find that the relation between δF/σF and δm/σm (where σm and σF are the rms dispersions) has a predicted slope of ~0.6 at δF = 0 that is largely insensitive to the cosmological model and other Lyα forest parameters. Comparison of our predictions to observations should provide a fundamental test of our ideas on the nature of the Lyα forest and the distribution of galaxies and can yield a measurement of the bias factor of any type of galaxy that is observed in the vicinity of Lyα forest lines of sight.
The Making and Remaking of the Chinese International Students: Perceptions as L2 Learners/Users

This chapter discusses two important learning contexts that make and remake the Chinese international graduate students: first, as foreign language learners back in China, then as second language users and learners at Blue Fountain University in the United States. After reviewing the sociocultural context in which the students prepared to study abroad, namely, China’s English language teaching and learning, national curriculum reforms, evolution of ELT pedagogy, as well as NEST and NNEST dichotomy. We present the learning environments in the United States that nurture and shape them to be successful graduate students, critical thinkers, conscious L2 learners/users, and competent intercultural individuals. Along the journey to receiving an academic degree in the United States, the various cultures of their respective departments reflect different departments’ efforts and phases toward internationalization. The pre-departure sociocultural context that produces the Chinese international students as EFL learners, not only provides a rich context for the reader to understand what makes the Chinese international students who they are, but also reflects on China’s history of English language teaching and the reality of college English education.
Catabot: Autonomous Surface Vehicle with an Optimized Design for Environmental Monitoring

This paper presents an optimized design of research-oriented ASVs and a systematic design evaluation methodology for reliable in-water sensing. The objective is to minimize the interference on sensor readings by any ASV maneuver. The design space includes motors and sensors locations. In addition, this paper analyzes modularity - i.e., the effects of new sensor's installation. All prototype designs are thoroughly tested using hydrostatic analyses, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and real-world field testings. Quantitative metrics, including trim, pitch, velocity magnitude of flow, and turbulence, are used to compare different configurations. Our experiments show that a motor configuration at the back part of the straights hulls is the most optimal design, resulting in high-quality data collection.
The Monnet Method and the Obsolescence of the EU

The inception of “European integration” will forever be associated with the personage of Jean Monnet, but the obsolescence of the European Union (EU) has long been evident and no new design for it has been forthcoming since the foundation of the European Coal and Steel Community of 1952 and the European Economic Community of 1958. I will therefore examine how his lasting legacy subsequently developed into a rigid, centralizing mindset that now obstructs discussion not only of alternatives to the present EU (and European Monetary Union (EMU)) but of ways to reform it. By focusing on the 1956 British proposal for a nonpolitical Free Trade Area, I wish to retrieve the underlying original principles of the EU, from which a response to the challenges of the present and future can be drawn.
Diagnostic Performance of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Criteria and HScore in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Hemophagocytic Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES To assess whether critically ill hematologic patients without diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis may have features mimicking hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis according to both diagnostic scores. DESIGN A retrospective case-control study. SETTING Hemophagocytic syndrome diagnosis was standardized and based on a consensual diagnosis by at least two experts of a university hospital which is a reference center for hemophagocytic syndrome. PATIENTS Cases (hemophagocytic syndrome+) consisted in a group of consecutive patients (n = 150) admitted in our ICU between 2007 and 2018. Control group (hemophagocytic syndrome-) consisted in patients included in a prospective multicenter cohort of hematologic patients in whom three independent experts ruled out the diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome (n = 1011). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Overall, 1,161 patients were included. Hospital mortality was 45.8% in hemophagocytic syndrome- patients (n = 66) and 38.8% in control patients (n = 392; p = 0.126). Median HScore was 235 (205-262) in hemophagocytic syndrome+ and 42 (18-62) in hemophagocytic syndrome- patients (p < 0.001); number of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis criteria was 4 (4-5) vs 1 (0-1), respectively (p < 0.001). Diagnostic performances of both scores were excellent with area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99-0.99) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99-0.99) for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and HScore, respectively. After propensity score matching (n = 144 × 2), the median HScore was 234 (205-262) in hemophagocytic syndrome+ patients versus 49 (18-71) in hemophagocytic syndrome- patients (p < 0.001). Median number of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis criteria was 4 (4-5) in hemophagocytic syndrome+ and 1 (0-1) in hemophagocytic syndrome- patients (p < 0.001). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was then of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis criteria and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99-1) for HScore. CONCLUSIONS In ICU patients, several conditions share some similarities with hemophagocytic syndrome, explaining the poor predictive value of isolated biological markers such as ferritin level. Despite these potential confounding factors, our study suggests HScore and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis criteria to be highly discriminant identifying hemophagocytic syndrome in critically ill patients.
Dendroclimatic Analysis of Central Appalachian Red Spruce in West Virginia

We conducted dendroclimatic analyses and constructed future growth projections for red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) throughout the central Appalachians in the state of West Virginia. This study invo...
Pilot outcomes from a multidisciplinary telehealth versus in-person intensive outpatient program for eating disorders during versus before the Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses with high rates of mortality, morbidity, and personal and societal costs. Onset of the Covid-19 pandemic led to increased ED diagnoses in the general public, as well as worsening of ED symptoms in those with an existing ED diagnosis. Heightened prevalence and severity of EDs during the pandemic is complicated by the fact that traditional modes of ED care (specialty intensive treatment provided by a multidisciplinary team) have been difficult to access during the pandemic. Methods The current between-groups study (N = 93 ED) tested a multidisciplinary intensive outpatient program (IOP) delivered via in-person (pre-pandemic; n = 60) and virtually via telehealth (during the pandemic; n = 33). Results We found no differences in outcomes via delivery mode, such that regardless of in-person versus telehealth programming, ED symptoms, depression, and perfectionism significantly decreased and body mass index significantly increased. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a multi-disciplinary telehealth ED IOP program is feasible and has comparable outcomes to in-person IOP treatment. These findings have implications for treatment beyond the pandemic, suggesting that adoption of telehealth IOPs is warranted. Such delivery modes of intensive treatments for EDs could be expanded to reach underserved populations, especially in rural areas where treatment is often difficult to access.
Fe-Doped Copolymer-Templated Nitrogen-Rich Carbon as a PGM-Free Fuel Cell Catalyst

Platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts present a promising opportunity to make hydrogen fuel cells more affordable; however, issues with stability and electrochemical activity continue to h...
Persistent Structure and Frustrated Magnetism in High Entropy Rare-Earth Zirconates

The configurational complexity and distinct local atomic environments of high entropy oxides remain largely unexplored, leaving structure-property relationships and the hypothesis that the family offers rich tunability for applications ambiguous. This work investigates the influence of cation size and materials synthesis in determining the resulting structure and magnetic properties of a family of high entropy rare-earth zirconates (HEREZs, nominal composition RE2 Zr2 O7 with RE = rare-earth element combinations including Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, La, or Sc). The structural characterization of the series is examined through synchrotron X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis, and electron microscopy, demonstrating average defect-fluorite structures with considerable local disorder, in all samples. The surface morphology and particle sizes are found to vary significantly with preparation method, with irregular micron-sized particles formed by high temperature sintering routes, spherical nanoparticles resulting from chemical co-precipitation methods, and porous nanoparticle agglomerates resulting from polymer steric entrapment synthesis. In agreement with the disordered cation distribution found across all samples, magnetic measurements indicate that all synthesized HEREZs show frustrated magnetic behavior, as seen in a number of single-component RE2 Zr2 O7 pyrochlore oxides. These findings advance the understanding of the local structure of high entropy oxides and demonstrate strategies for designing nanostructured morphologies in the class.
Exploring physician assistant data sources.

OBJECTIVES To assess four physician assistant (PA) proprietary datasets and inform researchers about data quality for addressing healthcare policy and workforce questions. METHODS The quality of datasets was assessed by experienced researchers. Descriptive analysis included overview, collection methodology, variables, and availability. Assessment included each dataset's strengths and limitations. RESULTS Datasets from the American Academy of Physician Assistants, National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, Physician Assistant Education Association, and Optum Provider360 Database include overlap in variables reflecting organizational mission and/or design. Attributes include variables for validation; limitations were lack of public use files, requirements for specific data requests or data purchase. The datasets do not have unique identifiers and cannot easily be linked. CONCLUSIONS The PA datasets contain variables of interest but are limited in scope. Better data collection and shared platforms could further the understanding of PA workforce characteristics and contributions to American healthcare. Researchers await more comprehensive, longitudinal, linked, and publicly available datasets.
The Real Distinction Between Mind and Body

….it [is] wholly irrational to regard as doubtful matters that are perceived clearly and distinctly by the understanding in its purity, on account of mere prejudices of the senses and hypotheses in which there is an element of the unknown. Descartes, Geometrical Exposition of the Meditations