cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing power in neutron-deuteron elastic scattering at Elabn=3 MeV.

A measurement of the analyzing power ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$(\ensuremath{\theta}) in neutron-deuteron (n-d) elastic scattering below the deuteron breakup threshold is described, including a detailed discussion of the experimental apparatus and the treatment of systematic errors. The data provide a precise test of Faddeev calculations of the three-nucleon system and of the nucleon-nucleon interaction models used as inputs to these calculations. ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ was measured at six angles from 44.5 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. to 145.7 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. to a precision of (7--13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}4}$. Polarized neutrons, produced by the $^{3}\mathrm{H}$(p\ensuremath{\rightarrow},n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${)}^{3}$He reaction, were incident upon the target, a deuterated organic scintillator. Scattered neutrons were detected in fast coincidence with the recoil deuterons in the target. A computer simulation of the experiment was used to compensate for a number of systematic errors. Particularly important were corrections for neutron multiple scattering, accidental coincidences, and finite geometry effects. The ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ data have a 2.2% scale factor uncertainty associated with uncertainty in the polarization of the incident neutron beam. The incident neutron polarization was measured in a separate experiment using n${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$He scattering from a liquid helium scintillator. The neutron polarization measurement also yielded an improved value for the polarization transfer coefficient [${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{y}}^{\mathit{y}}$(${0}^{\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}}$)=0.650\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019] in the $^{3}\mathrm{H}$(p\ensuremath{\rightarrow},n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${)}^{3}$He reaction at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{lab}}^{\mathit{p}}$=3.80 MeV. A comparison of the ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ data to Faddeev calculations shows that the discrepancy in ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ observed previously at higher energies continues below the breakup threshold. A comparsion of the ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ data to a recent phase shift analysis of proton-deuteron (p-d) scattering indicates that observed differences between n-d and p-d analyzing powers are only partially explained by Coulomb effects.
Depositional Systems and Oil-Gas Reservoirs in Queen City Formation (Eocene), Texas: ABSTRACT

Regional surface and subsurface studies indicate that thick deltaic (Queen City Formation) and thin shelf (Reklaw and Weches Formations) sequences compose the stratigraphic interval between the top of the Wilcox Group and the base of the Sparta Formation. In East Texas, the Queen City Formation accumulated as part of a high-constructive, lobate delta system; and in South Texas, as part of a high-destructive, wave-dominated delta system. In South Texas, principal facies are meander-belt sand, lagoonal mud, stacked coastal barriers, and prodelta-shelf mud facies; in East Texas, delta plain, delta front, and prodelta facies are dominant; and in Central Texas, the principal facies are strandplain sands originated by southwestward longshore drift of sediments from the high-con tructive delta system. Facies distribution, composition, and size of the deltas in East Texas are similar to lobes of the Holocene high-constructive Mississippi delta system and to ancient deltas in the lower part of the Wilcox and in the Jackson Groups of the Gulf Coast basin. Fluvial-deltaic sediments of South Texas are comparable to Pleistocene high-destructive wave-dominated facies on the Surinam coast, to the Holocene Rhone delta system, and to ancient deltas in the upper part of the Wilcox Group. Queen City deltas prograded gulfward over shelf muds and glauconites of the Reklaw Formation; they are overlain by comparable shelf facies of the Weches Formation. In East Texas, deltaic facies wedge out eastward; terrigenous clastics of the high-destructive deltas extend southward into Mexico. Hydrocarbons are produced from thin strike-oriented sands downdip from the belt of maximum sand thickness of the high-destructive deltas in South Texas; only a minor amount of oil and gas has been obtained from delta front and distributary channel sands of the high-constructive deltas in East Texas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1898------------
Plateaued and Non-Plateaued Managers: Factors in Job Performance

The opportunity to have vertical mobility, to grow in a career sense, and to be promoted to higher levels of responsibility, is endemic to the American culture. Yet, most managers reach a career plateau before they reach the top. What happens when this occurs? What is the effect on job performance? Using both self and organizational responses, 384 middle level managers were partitioned into various likelihood of promotion and degree of mutuality groups. A comparison off the pattern of factors associated with groups of high and low likelihood of promotion suggests these groups are independent. A similar comparison of groups with varying degrees bf mutuality indicates these groups are independent also. A comparison employing the source of assessment (individual or organization) did not produce significant differences. Thus, both likelihood of promotion and mutuality appear useful in further clarifying the nature of managerial work motivation. Implications of these results are discussed from both individual ...
The effect of growth parameters on CrN thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract In this paper, we report on the controlling of the effect of growth parameters such as substrate temperature and the ratio of Cr and N atoms on phase formation, surface morphology and crystallization of CrN(001) thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on the MgO(001) substrate. The reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy are used to characterize the thin films grown under various conditions. High-quality CrN(001) thin films are achieved at a substrate temperature 430 °C with a low Cr deposition rate.
Centering of context-dependent components of prediction-error distributions of images

Traditionally the distribution of the prediction error has been treated as the single-parameter Laplacian distribution, and based on this assumption one can design a set of Huffman codes selected through an estimate of the parameter. More recently, the prediction error distribution has been compared to the Gaussian distribution about mean zero when the value is relatively high. However when using nearly quantized prediction errors in the context model, the relatively high variance case is seen to merge conditional distributions surrounding both positive edges and negative edges. Edge information is available respectively from large negative or positive prediction errors in the neighboring pixel positions. In these cases, the mean of the distribution is usually not zero. By separating these two cases, making appropriate assumptions on the mean of the context-dependent error distribution, and other techniques, additional cost-effective compression can be achieved.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Distribution Coefficients and Dissociation Constants of a Series of Barbituric acid Serivatives

An equation was derived to illustrate the relationship between distribution coefficients and dissociation constants of weak acids. The method used in determining the distribution coefficients of a series of barbituric acid derivatives is described. These data obtained from the distribution studies are used to calculate the thermodynamic dissociation constants of a series of barbituric acid derivatives. The relationship and methods employed are shown to be valid and the results reproducible.
Judging Sufficiency: How Professional Intelligence Analysts Assess Analytical Rigor:

This study examines how professional intelligence analysts judge the rigor behind an analysis. The study investigates the challenges that inhibit the understanding of rigor in intelligence analysis and explores cues used by analysts to identify analytic rigor—or lack of rigor. Nine professional intelligence analysts participated in a modified elicitation by critiquing method study, embedded in a scenario walkthrough. Findings from the study indicate that, while professional intelligence analysts can make perceptive assessments about the quality of an analysis process based on product quality, these perceptions are apt to change with insight into the analytic process.
A unique tumor antigen produced by a single amino acid substitution.

Abstract Mice immunized against a cancer recognize antigens unique to that cancer, but the molecular structures of such antigens are unknown. We Isolated CD4 + T cell clones recognizing an antigen uniquely expressed on the UV-induced tumor 6132A; some clones inhibited the growth of tumors bearing the specific antigen. A T cell hybridoma was used to purify this antigen from nuclear extracts by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE using T cell immunoblot assays. A partial amino acid sequence was nearly identical to a sequence in ribosomal protein L9. The cDNA sequence of L9 from 6132A PRO cells differed from the normal sequence at one nucleotide; this mutation encoded histidine instead of leucine at position 47. A synthetic peptide containing this mutation was over 1000-fold more stimulatory of T cells than was the wild-type peptide. These results indicate that this unique tumor antigen is derived from a single amino acid substitution in a cellular protein.
The Role Demographics Have on Customer Involvement in Obtaining a Hotel Discount and Implications for Hotel Revenue Management Strategy

This study attempted to focus attention back on identifying consumers based on certain demographics. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of gender, age, education, and income in influencing consumer's level of involvement in obtaining a hotel discount. The results showed that females and consumers with less education tend to demonstrate higher involvement in obtaining a discount. There was not a significant difference between age groups, and younger consumers were found not statistically associated with higher levels of involvement. Interestingly, consumers with different incomes tended to respond comparably to discounts, unless consumers were very affluent. The findings are helpful for hotel management in designing discounts.
Fluctuations in the flat and collapsed phases of polymerized membranes

Fluctuations in polymerized membranes are explored via extensive molecular dynamics simulations of simplified «tethered surface» models. The entropic rigidity associated with repulsive second-nearest-neighbor interactions leads to a flattening of «phantom surfaces». An attractive interaction in the presence of distant self-avoidance leads to a collapsed membrane with fractal dimension three at sufficiently low temperatures. When the attractive interaction is turned off, the surface returns to the flat phase found in earlier simulations. A study of density profiles and hexatic internal order allows a simple physical interpretation of results for the structure function of oriented membranes
Early recurrence of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation

Key Concepts: 1 Early recurrence of hepatitis C is universal. 2 Typical histopathologic features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and acute allograft rejection (AAR) exist. 3 Early recurrent HCV may be differentiated from AAR. 4 Liver biopsy plays a role in diagnosing HCV and AAR. 5 Risk factors for recurrent HCV should be known. 6 The natural history of recurrent HCV should be known. 7 The future role of ancillary studies beyond liver biopsy is assessed. Liver Transpl 12:S32–S37, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
MORTALITY FROM LEUKÆMIA AND CANCER IN SHIPYARD NUCLEAR WORKERS

Abstract A review of death certificates in New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts for 1959-77 yielded a total of 1722 deaths among former workers at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard where nuclear submarines are repaired and refuelled. Next of kin were contacted for 592. All deaths under age 80 were classified as being in former nuclear or non-nuclear workers depending on information supplied by next of kin. With U.S. age-specific proportional cancer mortality for White males as a standard, the observed/ expected ratio of leukaemia deaths was 5·62 (6 observed, 1·1 expected) among the 146 former nuclear workers. For all cancer deaths, this ratio was 1·78. Among non-nuclear workers there was no statistically significant increase in proportional mortality from either leukaemia or from all cancers. The excess proportional leukaemia and cancer mortality among nuclear workers exceeds predictions based on previous data of radiation effects in man.
TAO Project: An Intuitive Application UI Test Toolset

This paper describes a GUI testing toolset. This toolset was designed to augment the primary testing activities found in a normal GUI testing cycle. It includes an automatic test case and test automation generator, static binary analysis, a GUI change tracking tool and a comprehensive reporting mechanism. An empirical study on a complex system demonstrates that the toolset could greatly reduce the effort spent on developing test automation and tracking GUI changes during a software products development cycle.
Maturation of Collagen Ketoimine Cross-links by an Alternative Mechanism to Pyridinoline Formation in Cartilage

The tensile strength of fibrillar collagens depends on stable intermolecular cross-links formed through the lysyl oxidase mechanism. Such cross-links based on hydroxylysine aldehydes are particularly important in cartilage, bone, and other skeletal tissues. In adult cartilages, the mature cross-linking structures are trivalent pyridinolines, which form spontaneously from the initial divalent ketoimines. We examined whether this was the complete story or whether other ketoimine maturation products also form, as the latter are known to disappear almost completely from mature tissues. Denatured, insoluble, bovine articular cartilage collagen was digested with trypsin, and cross-linked peptides were isolated by copper chelation chromatography, which selects for their histidine-containing sequence motifs. The results showed that in addition to the naturally fluorescent pyridinoline peptides, a second set of cross-linked peptides was recoverable at a high yield from mature articular cartilage. Sequencing and mass spectral analysis identified their origin from the same molecular sites as the initial ketoimine cross-links, but the latter peptides did not fluoresce and were nonreducible with NaBH4. On the basis of their mass spectra, they were identical to their precursor ketoimine cross-linked peptides, but the cross-linking residue had an M+188 adduct. Considering the properties of an analogous adduct of identical added mass on a glycated lysine-containing peptide from type II collagen, we predicted that similar dihydroxyimidazolidine structures would form from their ketoimine groups by spontaneous oxidation and free arginine addition. We proposed the trivial name arginoline for the ketoimine cross-link derivative. Mature bovine articular cartilage contains about equimolar amounts of arginoline and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline based on peptide yields.
"Sitting Pretty: Attractiveness, Social Capital, and Success"

That attractive people enjoy relatively better outcomes in life compared to other people is well and widely documented. Explanations of how and why this occurs are fewer and tend to focus on the correlated human capital characteristics of attractive people— their greater confidence and social skill, for example. We draw on social capital theory from the sociology literature to propose that, instead of being attributable to solely to purely by individual differences, the success that flows to attractive actors comes through actors’ social capital—both perceived and real. Findings from three experiments establish that people’s schemas for attractiveness include beliefs about attractive people’s social capital. These perceptions encourage people to initiate ties with attractive individuals. People also prefer to appoint attractive candidates to positions with greater social capital opportunities, creating a powerful self-fulfilling prophecy, and ensuring quick professional success. We show that the effects o...
Telomerase Activity in Bovine Embryos During Early Development

The telomere is the end structure of the DNA molecule. Telomerase is the ribonuclear enzyme that helps the cell's telomere to elongate; otherwise, the telomere will shorten with each cell division through conventional DNA replication. In most mammalian species, telomerase activity is present in germ cells but not in somatic cells. Recent research shows that telomerase activity is also present in early embryos, but to our knowledge, the dynamics of this enzyme during early embryo development have not been studied. In the present work, we conducted telomerase activity assays on bovine embryos fertilized in vitro and harvested at different stages from zygote to blastocyst. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay (Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol) was used to detect the telomerase activity in these embryos. We demonstrated that the telomerase activity is present in the early embryos, but that its level varies with the different developmental stages. The activity was relatively low in mature oocytes. It increased after in vitro fertilization and then decreased gradually until the embryo reached the eight-cell stage. After the eight-cell stage, the telomerase activity increased again and reached its highest level in the blastocyst stage. This study provides insight regarding how telomerase activity and, possibly, the length of the telomere are reprogrammed during early embryo development.
Quantitative Nuclear Proteomics Identifies mTOR Regulation of DNA Damage Response

Cellular nutritional and energy status regulates a wide range of nuclear processes important for cell growth, survival, and metabolic homeostasis. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in the cellular responses to nutrients. However, the nuclear processes governed by mTOR have not been clearly defined. Using isobaric peptide tagging coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry, we performed quantitative proteomics analysis to identify nuclear processes in human cells under control of mTOR. Within 3 h of inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin in HeLa cells, we observed down-regulation of nuclear abundance of many proteins involved in translation and RNA modification. Unexpectedly, mTOR inhibition also down-regulated several proteins functioning in chromosomal integrity and up-regulated those involved in DNA damage responses (DDRs) such as 53BP1. Consistent with these proteomic changes and DDR activation, mTOR inhibition enhanced interaction between 53BP1 and p53 and increased phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase substrates. ATM substrate phosphorylation was also induced by inhibiting protein synthesis and suppressed by inhibiting proteasomal activity, suggesting that mTOR inhibition reduces steady-state (abundance) levels of proteins that function in cellular pathways of DDR activation. Finally, rapamycin-induced changes led to increased survival after radiation exposure in HeLa cells. These findings reveal a novel functional link between mTOR and DDR pathways in the nucleus potentially operating as a survival mechanism against unfavorable growth conditions.
Design and performance of an annular magnetoplasmadynamic thruster

In this paper both theoretical and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the effects of electrode geometry on the operation of the magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) arcjet and describe the * 'onset" phenomenon not as a single phenomenon but as two distinct phenomena—one in which thruster efficiency is drastically reduced due to an anode depletion mechanism and the other when thruster lifetime is decreased due to enhanced erosion. Theory and data both show that the electrode current concentrations can be locally changed by varying the channel's interelectrode separation. The experiment (conducted on a large radius annular geometry) shows a clear separation between an anode depletion description of onset (caused by the radial component of the thrust vector), indicated by the growth of a large anode voltage drop, and onset indicated by the appearance of unsteady large amplitude voltage oscillations which are attributed to convective motion of large concentrated anode arcs.
Delay Uncertainty Reduction by Gate Splitting

Traditional timing-variation reduction techniques are only able to decrease gate delay variation by incurring a delay overhead. In this brief, we propose a novel and effective splitting-based variation reduction technique for gates. We developed a new tool called Timing Uncertainty Reduction by Gate Splitting (TURGS), which reduces the timing variations of a circuit and presents little delay overhead at the primary output. Our experimental results show that TURGS achieves up to 20% improvement in timing variation for gates.
The Relationship of Clinical Factors and Environmental Opportunities to Social Functioning in Young Adults With Schizophrenia

This study used data from the long-term experimental evaluation of the Program of Assertive Community Treatment (PACT) to examine the clinical and situational contributors to social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Subjects were 87 young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Data from two time points, 6 months apart, were used to test models predicting five social outcomes (network size, network reciprocity, sociosexual contact, satisfaction with social relationships, and loneliness) from positive symptoms, work involvement, living situation, and residential mobility. Results indicated that (1) work involvement was associated with larger network sizes over a 6-month period; (2) experiencing an increase in positive symptoms over a 6-month period was associated with the loss of reciprocal network ties, a lessening of satisfaction with social relationships, and an increase in loneliness; and (3) neither living situation nor moving frequently was associated with later social outcomes. These findings suggest strong support for the role of short-term changes in positive symptoms and modest support for the role of work involvement in social outcome.
EFFECT OF LOADING AND FRACTURE MOTIONS ON DIAPHYSEAL TIBIAL FRACTURES

A computerized motion sensor was used to record the three-dimensional components of interfragmentary motion during healing in three patients with closed, low-energy fractures of the tibial diaphysis treated with functional braces. At the first measurement session 2 weeks after fracture, the patients applied approximately 15 kg to the injured limb. Although this produced 1-4 mm of translation of the fragments, this was recovered when the load was removed. The maximum rotational and angulatory displacements often occurred as the patients rose from the chair with no weight applied to the limb and frequently were reduced as the 15 kg of load was applied. Under load, the maximum axial rotation was 3 degrees and the maximum angular displacement was 1 degree. As with the translations, the initial rotational and angulatory positions of the fragments were recovered when the load was removed and the patient returned to the seated position. At 8 weeks, the patient applied full body weight, producing a maximum interfragmentary translation of 0.5 mm and maximum axial rotation or angulation of 0.5 degrees. Abundant peripheral callus formed in all three fractures, and they healed by 15 weeks through typical gradual consolidation and mineralization of the callus, accompanied by a corresponding reduction in interfragmentary motions.
Analysis of fine‐scale daily movement patterns of juvenile Pristis pectinata within a nursery habitat

Habitat use studies can be used to investigate ecological and behavioural patterns of animals and serve as useful tools for conservation planners. However, specific habitats essential to survival can be difficult to determine for highly mobile marine animals, especially when these species are rare or endangered. Active acoustic tracking telemetry was used to determine daily activity spaces and rates of movement of juvenile smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) in critical habitat areas of south-west Florida, USA. Activity space size and rates of movement were positively related with the size of the area where the animal was tracked. Overall, activity spaces were small and ranged from 0.07–0.17 km2 using 95% minimum convex polygons, 0.01–0.16 km2 based on 50% kernel density estimates (KDE), and 0.08–0.68 km2 based on 95% KDE. Rates of movement ranged from 2.4 to 6.1 m min–1. There were no detectable differences in activity space or rates of movement between ebb and flood tide or high or low tide. Activity space decreased and rates of movement increased at night, possibly related to nocturnal foraging behaviour or predator avoidance. Comparisons of tracked animal locations and random locations suggested there was selection for those habitats in close proximity to mangrove shoreline. Though daily activity spaces were small, juvenile smalltooth sawfish did exhibit a daily expansion in activity space over the monitoring period. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental Plasticity, Straight from the Worm’s Mouth

Developmental plasticity in response to environmental conditions (polyphenism) plays an important role in evolutionary theory. Analyzing the nematode taxon Pristionchus, Ragsdale et al. demonstrate that a single gene underlies the nematode's ability to develop distinct mouth forms in response to environmental changes.
A network worm vaccine architecture

The ability of worms to spread at rates that effectively preclude human-directed reaction has elevated them to a first-class security threat to distributed systems. We present the first reaction mechanism that seeks to automatically patch vulnerable software. Our system employs a collection of sensors that detect and capture potential worm infection vectors. We automatically test the effects of these vectors on appropriately-instrumented sandboxed instances of the targeted application, trying to identify the exploited software weakness. Our heuristics allow us to automatically generate patches that can protect against certain classes of attack, and test the resistance of the patched application against the infection vector. We describe our system architecture, discuss the various components, and propose directions for future research.
P2Y12 Antagonism. Promises and Challenges

The P2Y12 antagonist clopidogrel has a well-established role as an antithrombotic agent in the settings of percutaneous coronary intervention and acute coronary syndromes. However, several challenges remain, including the relatively slow onset of action of clopidogrel and the phenomenon of clopidogrel response variability or "resistance". Novel P2Y12 antagonists, including prasugrel, AZD6140, and cangrelor, have a faster onset of action, as well as more potent, and less variable, inhibition of platelet function ex vivo. Whether this promise will be translated into clinical benefit for patients will be determined by the results of ongoing phase 3 clinical trials.
Using HyperCard to rapidly prototype human-computer interfaces to CASE systems

HyperCard is an object-oriented, graphic programming language developed by Apple Computer Inc. for its Macintosh computers. A description is given of the use of HyperCard in the development of prototype human-computer interfaces for CASE systems. Direct manipulation creating static graphic components and artificial delays, are discussed. >
Adaptive wormhole routing in hypercube multicomputers

We propose a uniform adaptive routing strategy for wormhole-routed hypercube networks that accommodates both unicast and multicast communication. Based on a node labeling method, the resultant routing algorithms are shown to be deadlock-free without requiring virtual channels. The order in which the destinations are visited is important to efficiency. We present an ordering algorithm, quadratic in the number of destinations, which is optimal in that it minimizes the traffic generated under the proposed paradigm. A greedy algorithm is also proposed for ordering the destinations, which requires less time and space to execute but creates more traffic than the optimal algorithm. Simulation results that evaluate the performance of the proposed routing algorithms are presented. >
Cost of Residential Solid Waste Collection

Governmental decision-making in metropolitan areas is becoming increasingly concerned with finding comprehensive solutions to area-wide problems. Development of an adequate urban solid waste management system for residential solid waste collection is such a problem. Although solid waste services offered by various civil subdivisions in a metropolitan area may be widely divergent, the factors influencing this service are similar. For example, within a given metropolitan area one town may offer twice-a-week, rear-of-the house collection service, while another town may offer once-a-week curb service. To analyze these two different systems on a metropolitan-wide basis, it is necessary to develop appropriate analytical tools. One possibility for analyzing these factors is to apply regression analysis to economic and operational data related to solid waste collection in a given metropolitan area. This technique is applied to such an area, and the relevant factors influencing solid waste collection are determined.
Identification of unknown compounds from polyester cans coatings that may potentially migrate into food or food simulants

Cross-linked polyester resins are being introduced into the market as alternatives to epoxy resins as coatings for metal food cans. Identification of potential migrants, from these coatings into food, is a significant analytical challenge due to the diversity of substances employed in the manufacture of the coatings. However, such identification is required to assess migration from the can coating into the food and quantify dietary exposure. Polyester can coatings were extracted with acetonitrile at 40°C for 24h and the extracts were analyzed by a variety of analytical techniques, including GC-MS, HPLC-DAD/MS, HPLC-DAD/CAD and UHPL C-HRMS. Twenty nine non-volatile oligomers were tentatively identified using retention times, UV spectra, and accurate mass measurements. Identified oligomers suggest the coating in use for food cans is a polyester coating and is mainly based on the monomers isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and nadic acid. To give confidence in the identification, one of the tentatively identified oligomer was synthetized and analyzed by (13)C and (1)H NMR and UHPL C-HRMS. The NMR and HRMS results, confirmed the presence of this compound in the can extracts. Finally, to determine if rapid, direct detection of the oligomers was practical, the coatings were analyzed by DART-HRMS. Twenty three out of the 29 oligomers were identified in the coating by direct measurement with DART-HRMS in few minutes.
In Situ Characterization of Ain Films Grown on Silicon by MOCVD

Films of AIN were grown on Si under vacuum pressure at 900°C and examined ex situ with infrared reflectance spectroscopy and microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Collection of IR emission spectra for in situ characterization was successful and used to identify growth parameters during film growth.
GEOLOGICAL STATISTICS OF RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY DESCRIPTION

The heterogeneity of reservoir is one of the most important factors to control the accumulation, production and distribution of oil and gas. Therefore, it is important for the heterogeneity of reservoir to be studied. Heterogeneity of reservoir is treated as regional variation, and it is not only in structural nature, but also in stochastic nature. Based on the work of Jiao Xiguo et.al, the theory of geological statistics, linear programming and through variation function, the experimental variation function curve is matched by k-th spherical model. The aggregate index that appears the variation magnitude and variation speed and the variation nature is proposed to describe quantitatively the variation nature and complexity of heterogeneity. With practical examples, the advantage and practical application of this method can be seen.
Auto- and allo-epitopes in DQ alloreactive antibodies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Significant interest is now focused on deciphering human leukocyte antigen (HLA) epitopes and the utilization of this new knowledge to improve donor-recipient matching in transplantation. A recently introduced concept is the appearance of antibodies against what may be considered as self-epitopes, including the introduction of the 'nonself-self paradigm'. RECENT FINDINGS Common practice in analyzing HLA-DQ antibodies have been to separate between antibodies against the α chain and antibodies against the β chain of the molecule. This is despite the fact that the two chains have to intertwine together to be expressed stably on the cell surface. We have previously provided evidence that this practice is false. We further provide evidence to refute the use of 'self-epitopes' as an immunologically feasible terminology by delineating the historic events leading to today's misconceptions. SUMMARY The evidence we present supports the need for a change in current practices. HLA-DQ antigens and antibodies should be viewed as combined DQα/β complexes. This will have impact to assigning cPRA value, assigning acceptable and unacceptable antigens, and pave the way to a better understanding of true HLA epitopes as we strive to improve donor--recipient compatibility and minimize generation of de-novo HLA antibodies.
Conclusion: You Need Human Factors Engineering Expertise to See Design Hazards That Are Hiding in “Plain Sight!”

Article-at-a-Glance Background The Human Factors Engineering (HFE) series was launched to share the ideas and methods to aid deeper analyses of adverse events and provide tools to ensure more effective and lasting therapies. Articles in the series showed how human limitations and capabilities were important design issues in a variety of areas, ranging from labels and warnings to work place design and complex decision support systems. Remaining Questions After reading all the articles, one might ask a number of questions, such as who made all our "puzzle rooms?" How did it happen that so many device components "masquerade" as each other yet perform very distinct functions? What are the procurement systems that gave us medication containers, tubing, and connectors that are hard to see and easy to misconnect? Behind all those questions remains a key query: what stands in the way of developing or hiring the expertise to see and fix these catastrophic design hazards "hiding in plain sight?" Summary and Conclusion HFE has already found its way into health care organizations and industry. As with most large changes in professions and industries, many small steps will need to be taken toward applying HFE methods and principles to the large problems of patient safety. But there already ample incentives and tools to start transforming your health care delivery or manufacturing organization.
George W. Bush and the Sponsorship of the Anti-trafficking Norm: A Rare Success Story

The words “George W. Bush” and “foreign policy success” are rarely either uttered in the same sentence, or written in the same paragraph. In the aftermath of his presidency, a shrinking ideological circle of Republicans did focus on the claim that certain aspects of his foreign policy — such as the promotion of democracy in the Middle East — would prove effective and successful in the long term.2 None, however, was brazen enough to claim that any aspect of Bush’s foreign policy was successful during the limited duration of his administration. As discussed in the opening chapters, by no metric could the wars in Iraq or Afghanistan be adjudged to be successful in policy terms, and at the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008 newspaper headlines were dominated by stories of how a reckless US economic policy had wreaked havoc abroad.
New Primer Effects

From the end of twentieth century to the beginning of twenty-first century, several new primer effects were found, i.e., enhanced adult neurogenesis by the exposure to pheromone of opposite sex, enhanced expansion of mammary gland in females by exposure to male pheromone, enhanced sperm density by exposure to female-soiled bedding, suppressed sperm activity of subordinate males, and transgenerational influences of exposure to pheromones. It is not only the reproductive system. It enhances the whole reproductive success.
The Underestimation of Global Microbial Diversity

In a recent commentary, Amann and Rossello-Mora summarized how the census of Bacteria and Archaea has changed over time (1). For decades, the number of recognized microbial taxa was underestimated owing to limitations associated with culture-based methods and the rules of nomenclature. The authors describe a “quantum leap” in the estimates of global microbial diversity following advances in high-throughput sequencing technology. Despite this, Amann and Rossello-Mora project that a complete census of microbial diversity will be reached within a few years, culminating in the lower millions of …
Effects of metal structures on magneto-inductive coupled coils

This paper analysizes the effects of metal structures in near-field Magneto-Inductive (MI) communication systems, where the transmitter and/or receiver coils may be close to large metal structures that has high magnetic permeability and conductivity. EMCoStudio simulations show that the presence of metal structure help to increase the coupling magnitude if placed nearby the transmit and receive coils, but reduces significant if placed between the transmit and receive coils.
Abstract 515: Increased Adventitial Inflammation Occurs in Regions of Low Endothelial Shear Stress in a Swine Model of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Introduction: Plaque inflammation is a critical step in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Such inflammation is thought to originate from the luminal surface of plaque and infiltrate the intima-media in advanced lesions. Low endothelial shear stress (ESS) is known to induce intima-media inflammation and plaque growth. In this study we investigated in-vivo the hypothesis that low ESS induces also adventitial inflammation. Methods: We studied 11 swine at 23 (baseline) and 30 (followup) weeks after the induction of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Using angiography and intravascular ultrasound data, we performed 3D coronary reconstruction of coronary arteries and calculated the ESS with computational fluid dynamics. In 56 segments, we assessed the adventitial inflammatory (CD45) and antigen-presenting (MHC-II) cell content at followup with immunohistochemistry. Segments were classified as low (≤ 1 Pa) or higher (>1 Pa) ESS. Results: MHC-II content in the adventitia (1.3±0.3%) was higher than in the media (0.3±0.1%, p<0.001) but lower than in the intima (9.3±2.3%, p<0.001). Low-ESS regions had increased adventitial MHC-II content compared to high-ESS regions (1.6±0.4 vs. 0.9±0.3%, p<0.05). Adventitial MHC-II content was not influenced by plaque size (large plaques 1.7±0.5 vs. intermediate plaques 0.8±0.3%, p=0.24), internal elastic lamina fragmentation (IEL) grade (minimal/absent 0.6±0.3 vs. moderate/large 1.4±0.3, p=0.9), or remodeling pattern (inadequate 1.7±0.6 vs. compensatory 1.2±0.4 vs. expansive 0.6±0.2%, p=0.6). Adventitial CD45 content was not significantly different between low- and high-ESS segments, and also not different in large vs. intermediate plaques, in segments with various IEL fragmentation grades or remodeling patterns. Conclusion: Although total inflammation is not dependent on ESS, low ESS induces higher adventitial activated inflammatory cell content, as assessed by MHC-II immunostaining. This, in conjunction with the higher MHC-II content in the adventitia than in the media and the presence of an intact IEL suggests an additional source of inflammation in low-ESS plaque regions, originating from the vessel outer wall. The induction of neovascularization possibly accounts for this phenomenon.
Error in parameter estimation in a multi-tier weak radio signal detection process with n simultaneous signals having continuous phase

This paper quantifies error in the estimation of signal parameter values in a multi-tier weak radio signal detection process with N simultaneous signals having continuous phase. Estimates of the zero crossings are obtained from sampled data values of the instantaneous frequency of the combined signal. The instantaneous frequency is sampled with different sample periods, and values of the error in the signal parameter estimates are obtained for each case. As an example, for instantaneous frequency data with N = 2, a strong signal of 850MHz, and sample period of 1/(200π) microseconds, the frequency of a weak signal can be estimated (i) to within a few Hz for f 2 = 855 MHz; (ii) to within a few tenths Hz for f 2 = 852 MHz; and (iii) to within a few hundredths Hz for f 2 = 851 MHz. This approach provides a method to quantify the capability of this method for identification of zero crossings and extraction of signal parameters. This work has applications for electronic warfare receivers for detection and characterization of weak signals with unknown parameters. Next steps are to incorporate noise into the models.
Secondary Procedures for Failed Tendon Transfers

Fortunately, in many cases tendon transfers work as planned. However, there can be instances where the initial tendon transfer fails for various reasons. In these cases, the surgeon may be faced with a limited number of options as far as other potential tendon transfers, given the lack of donor tendons already utilized in the previous procedures. Some creative thinking and understanding of the various anatomical considerations will reveal some possibilities. These include harvesting other muscle tendon donor units, soft tissue tensioning procedures as well as joint fusion. These techniques can be considered individually or in combination to help increase the patient’s functional abilities of the extremity. These are challenging cases that frequently force the patient and surgeon to engage in some compromises in order to maximize the potential function and this should be explained to the patient in advance. However, in many cases the patients are able to reengage the extremity in a functional fashion. This chapter looks at those options and these challenging reoperative situations.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus The History of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and the Evolution of Molecular Biology

During the second half of the 19th century, bacteria were recognized as the causative agents of many infectious diseases of plants and animals, including humans. The assumption came to be that bacteria or other microorganisms would be found to be responsible for all transmissible diseases. The main technique used to separate such infectious agents from extracts or exudates was that of filtration. It thus came as a great surprise or shock to Ivanowski, working on the tobacco mosaic disease in the 1890s in the Crimea (see 1903), that his filtrates of infected plant extracts retained their infectivity. The same observations were made by Beijerinck (1898) in Holland. But only Beijerinck believed the results of his own experiments, and concluded that he had discovered a new type of infectious agent, “Contagium vivum fluidum.” This term was abandoned when it became apparent that the contagium was neither alive nor fluid. But the concept of the existence of filtrable infectivity, soon called filtrable virus, became quickly accepted, since similar results were obtained by Loeffler and Frosch (1898) working in Germany on the foot-and-mouth disease of cattle, and later by others working on other diseases. This new type of infectious agent, soon termed simply virus, was characterized as being too small to be retained by bacterial filtration methods, too small to be seen using the microscope, and not cultivatable in vitro by any of the methods used by bacteriologists to “grow” microorganisms. Although small, compared to microorganisms, they were nevertheless soon found to be large, compared to even the largest known chemical molecules. This recognition was put on a quantitative basis by the use of filters of varying porosity (Elford, 1932). It was particularly the development of the ultracentrifuge and of the electron microscope that confirmed this fact, and gave us definitive information about the size and shape of viruses.
ILCregs: The new kid in class

ILCregs are a population of innate lymphoid cells that control innate intestinal inflammation through IL-10.
Intracardiac fistula: an unusual complication of catheter-related blood stream infection:

In end stage renal disease patients on dialysis, the use of catheter as a vascular access is associated with a significant risk of sepsis compared to an arterio-venous fistula. Our case emphasizes the importance of having high index of suspicion for unusual complications in patients presenting with possible catheter-related blood stream infection and early use of complementary tools such as trans-oesophageal echocardiography whenever applicable.
Acanthamoeba granulomatous amoebic encephalitis after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Acanthamoeba encephalitis is a rare, often fatal condition, particularly after HSCT, with 9 reported cases to date in the world literature. Our case was originally diagnosed with ALL at age 3 years, and after several relapses underwent HSCT at age 9 years. At 17 years of age, he was diagnosed with secondary AML for which he underwent a second allogeneic HSCT. He presented with acute-onset worsening neurological deficits on day +226 after the second transplant and a post-mortem diagnosis of Acanthamoeba encephalitis was established, with the aid of the CDC.
PREVALENCE, MECHANISMS AND RISK FACTORS OF LEAD MACRODISLODGEMENT AFTER IMPLANTATION OF CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Lead macrodislodgement is an undesirable complication after implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). The mechanisms of macrodislodgement, including Twiddler, Reel and Ratchet types, have been previously described in case reports and case series. The prevalence of each type has
Improved Spatially Dithered Beam Shapers Using Direct Binary Search

Direct binary search is used to optimize spatially dithered distributions of transparent and opaque pixels for beam shaping, improving the performance of spatial gain precompensation for laser systems, and wavefront metrology by optical differentiation.