cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome in the Peripartum Period.

Background Propofol is a widely known, commonly used drug. Complications can occur with the use of this drug, including propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS). PRIS, in the obstetric population, has not been documented; however, we report a case of a patient who developed PRIS after an emergent cesarean delivery of a preterm infant. Case Study A 35-year-old multigravida woman presented complaining of leakage of fluid and decreased fetal movement. Her pregnancy was complicated by methadone maintenance therapy due to a history of opioid abuse. Complications after admission for prolonged monitoring and a prolonged fetal heart tone deceleration was noted with no recovery despite intrauterine resuscitation. An emergent cesarean delivery was performed using general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation after which she developed aspiration pneumonia. She was admitted to the intensive care unit and reintubation and sedation were required secondary to respiratory distress. Sedation was achieved using propofol infusion. She subsequently developed changes in her electrocardiogram, an increase of her serum creatinine, creatinine protein kinase, lipase, amylase, and triglycerides, making the diagnosis of PRIS. Conclusion PRIS should be included in the differential diagnosis of intubated or postoperative patients in the obstetric population.
Noveno Congreso Nacional del Partido Comunista de Chile (1933): nómina de los asistentes

The document herein transcribed is a non-exhaustive list of the participants in the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Chile, based on documentation from Santiago’s Public Prison. The list includes personal information of each of the detainees. The document lists leaders of the party’s national and regional bodies –all in all, more than seventy communist leaders.
Why are conservatives more punitive than liberals? A moral foundations approach

Morality is thought to underlie both ideological and punitive attitudes. In particular, moral foundations research suggests that group-oriented moral concerns promote a conservative orientation, while individual-oriented moral concerns promote a liberal orientation (Graham, Haidt, & Nosek, 2009). Drawing on classical sociological theory, we argue that endorsement of group-oriented moral concerns also elicits higher levels of punitiveness by promoting a view of crime as being perpetrated against society, while endorsement of individual-oriented moral concerns reduces punitiveness by directing attention toward the welfare of offenders as well as victims. Data from 2 independent samples (N = 1,464 and N = 1,025) showed that endorsement of group-oriented moral concerns was associated with more punitive and more conservative attitudes, while endorsement of individual-oriented moral concerns was associated with less punitive and less conservative attitudes. These results suggest that the association between conservatism and punitiveness is in part spurious because of their grounding in the moral foundations. Consequently, studies that do not take the moral foundations into account are at risk of overstating the relationship between conservatism and punitiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record
Understanding family support: policy, practice and theory

In their book Understanding Family Support: Policy, Practice and Theory, John Canavan, John Pinkerton and Pat Dolan make an important contribution to child welfare practice. The title underscores t...
Efficiency of using 4DVar, 3DVar and EnKF data assimilation methods in groundwater contaminant transport modelling

Groundwater contaminant has been a serious issue to environmental engineers for long time. To simulate groundwater contaminant flow condition, a three-dimensional subsurface contaminant transport m...
Mr. Success or Mr. Worthless

Ranulfo faced a tough dilemma. The bakery costs kept rising, yet if he pulled the plug now, he’d be giving up his whole dream of baking bread with his wife, creating with his hands, nourishing his community the way his parents did with the tortilla mill, accepting America’s embrace, the bank loans filled with trust and communion.
Abstract P293: Small Area Analysis of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Admissions to Non- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Hospitals in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2007

Introduction_ Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered the preferred reperfusion therapy in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite compelling evidence regarding the benefits of timely reperfusion using PCI, many STEMI patients present to or are transported to non-PCI-capable hospitals. This study identified the spatial distribution of STEMI patient residences for those admitted to non-PCI-capable hospitals in Miami-Dade County and evaluated the proximity of these patients to PCI-providing hospitals. Methods_ First admissions of Florida residents diagnosed with a STEMI (ICD-9-CM codes 410.0 - 410.6, 410.8) to a Miami-Dade County hospital in 2007 were identified using a comprehensive inpatient surveillance system database. Residential zipcodes were available for all patients. Geographic information systems were used to geocode 22 hospitals (13 non-PCI-capable and nine medium/high volume PCI hospitals) and map the percent of STEMI patients admitted to non-PCI-capable hospitals at the 5-digit zip code level. Results_ Miami-Dade is the 9th most populous county in the U.S., with 5 hospitals that performed >400 PCIs in 2007.Whereas the 13 non-PCI-capable hospitals were scattered throughout the county, the 9 PCI-capable hospitals were located primarily in the northeast quadrant. In 2007, 17.1% of 1,143 STEMI patients were admitted to non-PCI capable hospitals. Despite being located within 6 miles of a PCI-capable hospital, 6 zip codes within the northeast region had more than 50% of their STEMI patients admitted to a non-PCI-capable hospital. Zip codes located in the southwestern quadrant were between 9 and 20 miles from a PCI-capable hospital. The percent of STEMI patients residing in these zip codes who were admitted to non-PCI-capable hospitals varied from 50-60% (2), 25-50% (5), and 11% (1). Conclusions_ Despite residing in close proximity to a number of PCI-capable hospitals, many STEMI patients in Miami-Dade county were admitted to a non-PCI-capable hospital in 2007. Our results suggest that a high degree of hospital competition may not improve quality of care for STEMI patients.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Adamantinoma of the Tibia Complicated by Metastases and a Second Unrelated Primary Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review

Adamantinoma is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor of the bone which grows slowly and typically occurs in the diaphysis of long bones, particularly in the tibia. Adamantinomas have the potential for local recurrence and may metastasize to the lungs, lymph nodes, or bone. We report a case of a 14-year-old female with a tibial adamantinoma who underwent wide resection with limb salvage and has subsequently been followed up for 18 years. The patient went on to have both a local soft tissue recurrence 5 years after the resection and metastases to both an inguinal lymph node and the right lower lobe of the lung 8 years after that recurrence, all of which have been treated successfully with marginal resections. Unique to this case, the patient was also incidentally found to have chromophobe-type renal cell carcinoma when undergoing a partial nephrectomy to resect a presumed metastasis of her adamantinoma. Genetic testing has not revealed any known genetic predisposition to cancer.
14.16 – Geochemical Methods of Establishing Provenance and Authenticity of Mediterranean Marbles

The finest architectural and sculptural monuments of the Greek and Roman worlds are made of marble. Marble artifacts from Franchthi Cave in Greece point to its preference as an ornamental stone as far back as the Neolithic. Limestone was used locally in architecture and for sculpture and inscriptions in the Mediterranean, but was never traded to the great extent that marble was. A continuing problem for archeological marble is its provenance as well as the detection of fakes. Identification by eye has proven difficult, especially since the Greeks and the Romans selectively quarried only the purest white marbles for their important monuments. Since the major eastern Mediterranean quarries were worked at different times in antiquity, knowledge of the marble source can commonly give: (1) an approximate date of fabrication of an object, (2) information on trading patterns of the time, and (3) insight into changing esthetic tastes. Correct provenance assignment can also help (4) detect modern forgeries or ancient copies of original works. Stable isotopic analysis of oxygen and carbon, together with other modern instrumental techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance and cathodoluminescence, have proven generally successful in discriminating between marbles of different sources and thus aid in the solution of all these four types of problems.
An evaluation of different page allocation strategies on high-speed SSDs

Exploiting internal parallelism over hundreds NAND flash memory is becoming a key design issue in high-speed Solid State Disks (SSDs). In this work, we simulated a cycle-accurate SSD platform with twenty four page allocation strategies, geared toward exploiting both system-level parallelism and flash-level parallelism with a variety of design parameters. Our extensive experimental analysis reveals that 1) the previously-proposed channel-and-way striping based page allocation scheme is not the best from a performance perspective, 2) As opposed to the current perception that system and flash-level concurrency mechanisms are largely orthogonal, flash-level parallelism are interfered by the system-level concurrency mechanism employed, and 3) With most of the current parallel data access methods, internal resources are significantly underutilized. Finally, we present several optimization points to achieve maximum internal parallelism.
Chapter 12 Markets, governments, and the “new” political economy

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the micro-economic reasons for market failure and the micro-political analysis of government performance. Governments provide goods and services directly, redistribute income, and regulate economic relations. The chapter reviews recent recommendations for the institutional reform of the budgetary process. The new political economy is concerned with the most basic question of economic policy: It discusses the circumstances where markets or governments are preferred as the institution for allocating societal resources. The new political economy is the sophistication of analytic technique. The voting process can protect against dictatorship but generally at the cost of social efficiency. In Western societies, the decision has been made to protect democracy; the task then is to search for the most efficient collective choice process consistent with this norm. The results of this examination emerge in the new quantitative political economy and the empirical examination of government spending, taxation, and regulation.
The Growth of Dictyostelium discoideum upon Pathogenic Bacteria.

Species of the Dictyosteliaceae, a group of pseudoplasmodiumforming slime molds, are not uncommon in nature and can be readily isolated from soils, from decaying vegetation and from the dung of various animals. In contrast to the Myxogastrales which possess true plasmodia, the Dictyosteliaceae are characterized by myxamoebae which retain their identity throughout the whole life cycle of the organisms. During the vegetative stage these myxamoebae are free-living and feed by the ingestion and digestion of bacterial cells. With the exhaustion of the available food supply, the myxamoebae collect into aggregates termed pseudoplasmodia, and collectively build fruiting structures, or sorocarps. In these structures some myxamoebae become transformed into sterile, supportive cells to form a stalk, or sorophore, while others become differentiated into fertile spores forming a spore head, or sorus. The ubiquitous species Dictyostelium mucoroides Bref. has been more widely studied than other members of the group and from the work of Vuillemin (1902), Potts (1902), Pinoy (1903 and 1907), and Schuckmann (1924) a limited bacterial "host range" embracing twelve different species has been reported for it.
A vegetable fermentation facility hosts distinct microbiomes reflecting the production environment

Fermented vegetables are highly popular internationally in part due to their enhanced nutritional properties, cultural history, and desirable sensorial properties. In some instances, fermented foods provide a rich source of the beneficial microbial communities that could promote gastrointestinal health. The indigenous microbiota that colonize fermentation facilities may impact food quality, food safety, and spoilage risks and maintain the nutritive value of the product. Here, microbiomes within sauerkraut production facilities were profiled to characterize variance across surfaces and to determine the sources of these bacteria. Accordingly, we used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in combination with whole-genome shotgun analyses to explore biogeographical patterns of microbial diversity and assembly within the production facility. Our results indicate that raw cabbage and vegetable handling surfaces exhibit more similar microbiomes relative to the fermentation room, processing area, and dry storage surfaces. We identified biomarker bacterial phyla and families that are likely to originate from the raw cabbage and vegetable handling surfaces. Raw cabbage was identified as the main source of bacteria to seed the facility, with human handling contributing a minor source of inoculation. Leuconostoc and Lactobacillaceae dominated all surfaces where spontaneous fermentation occurs, as these taxa are associated with the process. Wall, floor, ceiling, and barrel surfaces host unique microbial signatures. This study demonstrates that diverse bacterial communities are widely distributed within the production facility and that these communities assemble nonrandomly, depending on the surface type.IMPORTANCE Fermented vegetables play a major role in global food systems and are widely consumed by various global cultures. In this study, we investigated an industrial facility that produces spontaneous fermented sauerkraut without the aid of starter cultures. This provides a unique system to explore and track the origins of an "in-house" microbiome in an industrial environment. Raw vegetables and the surfaces on which they are handled were identified as the likely source of bacterial communities rather than human contamination. As fermented vegetables increase in popularity on a global scale, understanding their production environment may help maintain quality and safety goals.
Neuropsychological predictors of patient-reported cognitive decline after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

ABSTRACTBackground: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for treatment of motor complications of dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but occasionally has been associated with multidomain cognitive decline. Patient- and caregiver-reported cognitive decline are clinically meaningful and increasingly recognized as important to consider when evaluating therapeutic interventions for PD.Objective: The objective was to assess presurgical neuropsychological and clinical factors associated with PD patient- and caregiver-reported cognitive decline in two or more domains after DBS.Method: A single telephone survey was used to assess patient- and caregiver-reported cognitive decline in five domains at both one and four months after DBS surgery. Decline in two or more domains was considered multidomain cognitive decline (MDCD). Baseline demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological factors were compared in those with or without MDCD. Preoperative neuropsychological measures were evaluated as risk fac...
Multiples Used to Estimate Automotive Dealerships Market Value

Practitioners use goodwill multiples for valuing automobile dealerships. In this paper, the valuation accuracy of five goodwill multiples and seven more traditional multiples that can be used for e...
Fractal channel manifolds for microjet liquid-cooled heat sinks

Abstract A parametric optimization of a novel hybrid configuration of liquid-cooled heat sinks is presented herein. Such a hybrid design encompasses a combination of channels and microjets for optimal performance of chip scale high-power density electronic packages. Fractal flow channel geometries were used to create variants consisting of 16, 32, and 64 channels and a corresponding number of microjets in the impingement cavity. In addition to the conventional coplanar setup, where channels and area enhancing features align with the main flow direction, an out-of-plane network of channels was created to allow for removal of the cooling fluid in the opposite direction of the impinging jets. The parametric analysis was performed via 3-D CFD simulations to investigate the tradeoff between hydraulic and thermal resistances in jet cooling systems. The thermal resistance of the heat sinks was estimated and the pressure losses were calculated for every design. Observations of the flow patterns were used to inform on the optimization process of the architecture of the flow channels. A metric able to merge thermal and hydraulic performance was defined, such that the thermo-fluid characteristics of a liquid cooled heat sink are represented using one parameter. The utilization of this parameter led to a unique performance assessment of the proposed hybrid liquid-cooled heat sinks and allowed to identify an optimum design, which yields the lowest thermal resistance with minimum pumping power input.
From Lab to Launch: Growing your OPI Business

This workshop addresses unique challenges faced when commercializing optics and photonics products. The Luminate optics accelerator will serve as an example of successes and failures. Attendee teams will develop business strategies for a fictional venture.
Private Payer Initiatives for Quality Improvement

With evidence for wide variation in the quality and cost of inpatient surgery in the United States, payers and policy makers have increasingly pursued strategies to improve the cost-effectiveness of surgical care. Payer-funded collaborative quality improvement (CQI) efforts represent an innovative and effective means of enhancing surgical care across a large population. Unlike more top-down approaches, such as pay-for- performance measures, CQI programs engage multiple stakeholders, foster knowledge sharing, and rely on cooperative efforts to drive quality. Most are centered around a robust clinical registry which provides data to allow for benchmarking of outcomes, identification of problem areas, and evaluation of quality improvement efforts. Payer- funded CQI efforts such as the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative have led to substantial reductions in unnecessary procedures, adverse events, and costs following surgery. The CQI model has proven to be an effective vehicle for advancing innovations in care and reducing unwanted variation across providers. Efforts to replicate this model on a national level will require the participation of both public and private payers and face many challenges. Ultimately, however, partnerships between payers, hospitals, and surgeons can be a win for all, especially for our patients.
Heap Memory Snapshot Assisted Program Analysis for Android Permission Specification

Given a permission-based framework, its permission specification, which is a mapping between API methods of the framework and the permissions they require, is important for software developers and analysts. In the case of Android Framework, which contains millions of lines of code, static analysis is promising for analyzing such a large codebase to derive its permission specification. One of the common building blocks for static analysis is the generation of a global call graph. However, as common for object-oriented languages, the target of a virtual function call depends on the runtime type of the receiving object, which is undecidable statically. Existing work applies traditional analysis approaches, such as class-hierarchy analysis and points-to analysis, to building an over-approximated call graph of the framework, causing much imprecision to downstream analysis. We propose the heap memory snapshot assisted program analysis that leverages the dynamic information stored in the heap of Android Framework execution to assist in generating a more precise call graph; then, further analysis is performed on the call graph to extract the permission specification. We have developed a prototype and evaluated it on different versions of Android Framework. The evaluation shows that our method significantly improves on prior work, producing more precise results.
Effect evaluation of Huaiqihuang granule on henoch-schonlein and prevention of renal damage in children

Objective To evaluate the effect of Huaiqihuang granules on henoch-schonlein purpura and prevention of renal damage in children. Methods Eighty-six children with henoch-schonlein purpura were selected as the research objects, and were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 43 cases in each group. The treatment group was given oral Huaiqihuang particles on the basis of routine treatment. The control group was given conventional treatment, and the treatment lasted for 3 months. The clinical curative effects and changes of T lymphocyte subgroup were compared, and the follow-up period of henoch-schonlein purpura disease recurrence rate and the incidence of renal damage was recorded. Results The clinical symptoms disappear time, hospitalization days and recurrence rate of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of renal damage in treatment group was obviously lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ in the treatment group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Huaiqihuang particles can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and immune function of children with henoch-schonlein purpura, reduce recurrence rate and the incidence of renal damage. Key words: Huaiqihuang granule; Henoch-schonlein purpura; Children
Antarctic Elevation Drives Hemispheric Asymmetry in Polar Lapse Rate Climatology and Feedback

The lapse-rate feedback is the dominant driver of stronger warming in the Arctic than the Antarctic in simulations with increased CO2. While Antarctic surface elevation has been implicated in promoting a weaker Antarctic lapse-rate feedback, the mechanisms in which elevation impacts the lapse-rate feedback are still unclear. Here we suggest that weaker Antarctic warming under CO2 forcing stems from shallower, less intense climatological inversions due to limited atmospheric heat transport above the ice sheet elevation and elevation-induced katabatic winds. In slab ocean model experiments with flattened Antarctic topography, stronger climatological inversions support a stronger lapse-rate feedback and annual-mean Antarctic warming comparable to the Arctic under CO2 doubling. Unlike the Arctic, seasonality in warming over flat Antarctica is mainly driven by a negative shortwave cloud feedback which exclusively dampens summer warming, with a smaller contribution from the winter-enhanced lapse-rate feedback.
Ethical Song Research for the General Music Teacher

This article offers a specific process for researching songs in an ethical manner. Typical barriers to diversification of repertoire are explored: 1) hypervaluation of Western European classical mu...
Audit Quality in Adverse Selection Markets

Auditing may be viewed as an arrangement for reducing inefficiencies arising from the fundamental market conflict between a seller who wants as high a price as possible and a buyer who wants to pay as low a price as possible. In more general terms, sellers prefer policies that boost the stock price in the short run whereas buyers would prefer the price to peak when they are ready to sell some time in the future. By framing audited financial reports within this context, the paper provides some insights regarding both audit institutions and audit regulation.
Global health is dead; long live global health! Critiques of the field and its future.

Suppose we accept the intriguing premise that ‘health is politics by other means’, as the sociologist Alondra Nelson has argued. What does this mean for global health? We might first extrapolate along familiar lines: global health outcomes are conditioned by the dynamics of international realpolitik —trade, foreign policy, and armed conflict—and as such, the task of global health professionals is to study and mitigate these impacts. But less comfortably, Nelson’s provocative axiom suggests that the field of global health itself is a site of political manoeuvring, interinstitutional struggles, ideological agendas and attempted elite capture. In this increasingly widely shared view, the mechanisms for delivering medical services and resources to the Global South are part of a global apparatus of political and economic domination and not a hedge against it. Global health professionals thus inhabit a contradiction. Though it is incumbent on the field to articulate aspirational agendas, the project of global health has also represented a venue for some of the world’s most powerful political and economic institutions to advance their interests. Hence, the discipline has found itself on uncertain footing in recent years, struggling with both its history and its future. At the present moment, perhaps no one is better positioned to call attention to these contradictions than critically minded practitioners active within the organisations that plan global health programmes and deliver their services. Four recently published volumes illustrate the importance of critiques articulated within and against global health. The authors—each of whom is trained as an anthropologist as well as a global health practitioner—base their assessments on case studies in the Global South: respectively, the scale-up of HIV/AIDS treatment in efforts to end the global epidemic, with a focus on the Caribbean nation of Grenada1; the privatisation of medical services in Tajikistan, a republic of the …
Unexploded ordnance detection using Bayesian physics-based data fusion

Detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO) represents a major challenge on closed, closing, and transferred military ranges as well as on active installations. On sites contaminated with UXO, extensive surface and sub-surface clutter is also present. Traditional methods used for UXO remediation have severe difficulty distinguishing buried UXO from these anthropic clutter items as well as from naturally occurring magnetic geologic noise, and thus incur prohibitively high false alarm rates. In this paper, sensor fusion techniques are employed using field data from magnetometer and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors in order to mitigate false alarms. Rigorous sensor response models are developed based on the sensor physics for both a traditional time-domain EMI sensor and a recently developed wideband frequency-domain sensor. Features of the target signatures are extracted by inverting the measured sensor data associated with an anomaly using the physical model. The statistical uncertainty in the feature space is explicitly treated using a Bayesian processor to discriminate targets from clutter. Discrimination performance on a seeded field trial conducted previously is reviewed. Performance on a recent field trial where data was collected in a more realistic survey mode is then presented, illustrating the robustness of the approach. Substantial reduction of the false alarm rate is achieved.
Leadership Preferences in International Conflict: Experimental Results from the People's Republic of China and Taiwan

In the conflict bargaining literature, three variables have a primary explanatory role: relative power, status quo conditions, and leadership preferences. While leadership preferences loom large in case study research, they are virtually absent from large-N statistical studies. We argue that a fully-specified theory of conflict bargaining must include the preferences of the leaders who actually make the decisions about whether and how to apply pressure for political change — including decisions to use force. Using a series of three experiments, we test for the effects of relative power, initial conditions, and leadership preferences on decisions to apply various levels of non-violent and violent pressure in international territorial disputes. The experimental designs presented in this study offer the opportunity to isolate the impact of leadership preferences on political strategy choices in international territorial disputes. The results demonstrate that leadership preferences are, in fact, significant predictors of political strategy choices, even when relative power and initial conditions variables are factored in.
Boosting Gaussian mixtures in an LVCSR system

In this paper, we apply boosting to the problem of frame-level phone classification, and use the resulting system to perform voicemail transcription. We develop parallel, hierarchical, and restricted versions of the classic AdaBoost algorithm, which enable the technique to be used in large-scale speech recognition tasks with hundreds of thousands of Gaussians and tens of millions of training frames. We report small but consistent improvements in both frame recognition accuracy and word error rate.
Data Partitioning Techniques for Partially Protected Caches to Reduce Soft Error Induced Failures

Exponentially increasing with technology scaling, soft errors have become a serious design concern in the deep sub-micron embedded systems. Partially Pro-tected Cache (PPC) is a promising microarchitectural feature to mitigate failures due to soft errors in embedded processors. A processor with PPC maintains two caches, one protected and the other unprotected, both at the same level of memory hierarchy. By finding out the data more prone to soft errors and mapping only that to the protected cache, the failure rate can be significantly improved at minimal power and performance penalty. While the effectiveness of PPCs has been demonstrated on multimedia applications – where the multimedia data is inherently resilient to soft errors – no such obvious data partitioning exists for applications in general. This paper proposes profile-based data partitioning schemes that are applicable to applications in general and effectively reduce failures due to soft errors at mini-mal power and performance overheads. Our experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm reduces the failure rate by 47× on benchmarks from MiBench while incurring only 0.5% performance and 15% power overheads.
Facial Shape Analysis and Sizing System

The understanding of shape and size of the human head and faces is vital for design of facial wear products, such as respirators, helmets, eyeglasses and for ergonomic studies. 3D scanning is used to create 3D databases of thousands of humans from different demographics backgrounds. 3D scans have been used for design and analysis of facial wear products, but have not been very effectively utilized for sizing system. The 3D scans of human bodies contain over hundreds of thousand grid points. To be used effectively for analysis and design, these human heads require a compact shape representation. We have developed compact shape representations of head and facial shapes. We propose a sizing system based on cluster analysis along with compact shape representations to come up with different sizes for different facial wear products, such as respirators, helmets, eyeglasses, etc.
Depth to basement and geoid expression of the Kane Fracture Zone: A comparison

Geoid data from Geosat and subsatellite basement depth profiles of the Kane Fracture Zone in the central North Atlantic were used to examine the correlation between the short-wavelength geoid (λ=25–100 km) and the uncompensated basement topography. The processing technique we apply allows the stacking of geoid profiles, although each repeat cycle has an unknown long-wavelength bias. We first formed the derivative of individual profiles, stacked up to 22 repeat cycles, and then integrated the average-slope profile to reconstruct the geoid height. The stacked, filtered geoid profiles have a noise level of about 7 mm in geoid height. The subsatellite basement topography was obtained from a recent compilation of structure contours on basement along the entire length of the Kane Fracture Zone. The ratio of geoid height to topography over the Kane Fracture Zone valley decreases from about 20–25 cm km-1 over young ocean crust to 5–0 cm km-1 over ocean crust older than 140 Ma. Both geoid and basement depth of profiles were projected perpendicular to the Kane Fracture Zone, resampled at equal intervals and then cross correlated. The cross correlation shows that the short-wavelength geoid height is well correlated with the basement topography. For 33 of the 37 examined pro-files, the horizontal mismatches are 10 km or less with an average mismatch of about 5 km. This correlation is quite good considering that the average width of the Kane Fracture Zone valley at median depth is 10–15 km. The remaining four profiles either cross the transverse ridge just east of the active Kane transform zone or overlie old crust of the M-anomaly sequence. The mismatch over the transverse ridge probably is related to a crustal density anomaly. The relatively poor correlation of geoid and basement depth in profiles of ocean crust older than 130–140 Ma reflects poor basement-depth control along subsatellite tracks.
In Dreams Begin Responsibility: Why and How to Measure the Quality of Graduate Training in Applied Behavior Analysis

Although no one knows just how effective graduate training may be in creating effective practitioners of applied behavior analysis, there are plenty of logical and historical reasons to think that not all practitioners are equally competent. I detail some of those reasons and explain why practitioner effectiveness may be a more pressing worry now than in the past. Because ineffective practitioners harm the profession, rigorous mechanisms are needed for evaluating graduate training programs in terms of the field effectiveness of their practitioners. Accountability of this nature, while difficult to arrange, would make applied behavior analysis nearly unique among professions, would complement existing quality control processes, and would help to protect the positive reputation and vigorous consumer demand that the profession currently enjoys.
Dissolution rates of prehnite, epidote, and albite

Abstract Dissolution rates of prehnite and epidote in aqueous solutions were measured in the temperature range 25 to 90°C, and as a function of pH. The dissolution rate of albite was measured at pH 1.4 at temperatures between 25 and 90°C. Batch experiments using low ionic strength pH buffers in constant temperature water baths or ovens provided data on cumulative element release as a function of time. Steady state Si, Ca, Na, and Al release data obtained from these experiments were used to obtain limiting dissolution rates, where the term limiting rate denotes dissolution of a bulk mineral under conditions where it is far from equilibrium with the fluid. At 90°C and at pH 1.4 to 6, prehnite and epidote dissolution rates decrease and are proportional to approximately —0.3 pH for prehnite and —0.2 pH for epidote. Above pH 6, prehnite dissolution becomes pH independent, but epidote dissolution increases with rates that are proportional to between +0.3 and +0.6 pH. Prehnite and epidote dissolution is linear and stoichiometric at low pH. At pH greater than 7, both minerals initially display preferential release of Si and Al relative to Ca; however, with increasing reaction dissolution becomes stoichiometric. This suggests that a Ca-enriched layer forms but reaches a steady state thickness which does not impede subsequent linear stoichiometric release. At pH 1.4, the limiting dissolution rate for albite is linear and stoichiometric. At pH 1.4, the activation energies are 18.12 ± 0.81 kcalmol−1 for prehnite, 19.76 ± 1.2 kcalmol−1 for epidote and 17.07 ± 1.6 kcalmol−1 for albite. At pH 6.5, the activation energy for prehnite dissolution is 20.73 ± 3.2 kcal mol−1.
Hordeum depressum Rydb.×Allotetraploid ( H. marinum Huds.× H. pusillum Nutt.)

Interspecific hybrids were obtained between H. depressum (4X) and the allotetraploids (H. pusillum No. 53×H. compressum), (H. marinum No. 56-39×H. pusillum×H. pusillum No. 53) and (H. marinum No. 56-39×H. compressum). These hybrids were all self-sterile. Interspecific hybrids between H. depressum and allotetraploid (H. pusillum No. 53×H. compressum) produced seed through backcrossing to the male parent.Cytological examinations indicated that at least some of the chromosomes of H. depressum pair with the chromosomes of H. pusillum.
Decay of geminate ions in hexanes

Abstract A direct measurement of the geminate decay process between the electron and the positive ion in n -hexane and cyclohexane is presented. For n -hexane, the decay is that which has been predicted for geminate ion decay processes in which the distribution function for the distance between positive and negative ions is exponential. For cyclohexane, the decay is well described by an exponential process with a decay time of 0.58 ns.
Measurements of a solar flare-generated shock wave at 13.1 R 0

The first measurements of the structure of wind speed, electron density, and electron density fluctuations are reported for a shock wave propagating through the acceleration region of the solar wind. Radio scattering observations, consisting of spectral broadening, mean phase and amplitude scintillations, were made on August 18, 1979, 13.1 solar radii east of the sun near the ecliptic plane, using the 2.3 and 8.4 GHz radio signals of Voyager 1. The results show a shock wave speed of about 3,500 km/sec; which, when compared with average transit time speed to 1 AU, shows that substantial deceleration took place with outward propagation from the sun. This result is consistent with a blast wave.
A simple spectrophotometric assay for amino acyl arylamidases (naphthylamidases, aminopeptidases).

Abstract A simple spectrophotometric assay of amino acyl arylamidases (naphthylamidases, aminopeptidases) has been developed based upon the difference spectrum of the substrate and the enzymic hydrolysis product, β-naphthylamine. A maximum difference in the molar extinction coefficients occurs at 340 mμ; Δϵ = 1780, pH > 5.0. The assay is very simple, and is rapid, sensitive, and suitable for recording. The method provides a means for the determination of enzymic activity as well as for a study of kinetic constants. The method is applicable to the study of different arylamidases using different amino acid amides of β-naphthylamine.
Optimization of fiber-optic/infrared measurement system and spectral modeling for enhanced temperature acquisition from an aluminized polymer membrane

A fiber-optic/infrared (F-O/IR), non-contact temperature measurement system was characterized, and the existing technique for data collection improved, resulting in greater repeatability and precision of data collected. The F-O/IR system is a dual-waveband measurement apparatus that was recently enhanced by the installation of a tuning fork chopper directly into the fiber optical head. This permits a shortened distance between fiber and detector pair, and therefore a stronger signal can be collected. A simple closed box with the inside painted flat black was constructed and used to prevent stray radiation and convection, thus minimizing undesired effects on the measurement process. Analyses of the new data sets demonstrate that system improvements provide a cleaner and more reliable data collection capability. The exponential relationship between detector output voltage and object temperature indicates that the instrument is operating within its nominal range. The overall goal of this project was to develop a reliable technique to measure the temperature of Kapton HN, an aluminized polymer material being studied for potential future NASA missions. A spectral model that emulates the instrument was also developed in this study. Our measurements and characterization of KaptonO HN will be incorporated into the spectral model in order to determine the sensitivity of the instrument to background radiation, spectral emittance of Kapton HN, and other parameters that may affect thermal measurements.
THE NATIONAL NETWORK OF DEPRESSION CENTERS: PROGRESS THROUGH PARTNERSHIP

John F. Greden, M.D., is the Executive Director of the University of Michigan Comprehensive Depression Center and Founder and Chair of the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC). His academic activities include 28 years of NIH-funded projects studying major depressions and bipolar disorders, emphasizing biomarker and clinical correlates of depression and bipolar disorders over a patient’s lifetime. These include hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA), neuroimmune, sleep laboratory, and psychomotor measures; causes and interventions for Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD); and prevention of depressive recurrences. He served 22 years as Chair of the University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, is the author or coauthor of 265 peer-reviewed publications or books, has given approximately 410 invited presentations, supervised 14 NIH ‘‘K’’ and Veterans Administration Career Development young investigator awardees, and continually seeks to promote translational themes to educate a new generation of clinical investigators. He served as Past President of the Society of Biological Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Research Society and as a Co-Editor of the Journal of Psychiatric Research for 7 years. In 2001, he founded and still directs the University of Michigan Comprehensive Depression Center, patterned after the nation’s Cancer Centers. In 2007, he led formation of the NNDC, which currently includes 22 of the nation’s leading academic medical centers and is the focus of this article.
Carbon–oxygen isotope signal of Mississippian slope carbonates, Appalachians, USA: A complex response to climate-driven fourth-order glacio-eustasy

Abstract Mississippian (Chesterian) ramp-slope muds in Virginia, deposited on the margin of a rapidly subsiding foreland basin, were not significantly reset isotopically by regional meteoric aquifer systems that affected units on the adjacent platform. Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of these muds tend to covary at the scale of the twelve 4th-order sequences that dominate the platform succession. The δ 13 C values of the slope muds range from + 0.5 to + 4‰ PDB and lie in the range of least-altered contemporaneous brachiopods from North America, indicating little resetting of carbon isotopes by diagenesis. There is an approximately 1 to 2‰ decrease in δ 13 C in the maximum flooding zone relative to the lowstand, followed by a positive shift upward in the highstand before becoming more negative toward 4th-order correlative conformities. Meteoric diagenesis might have reset some sediments just beneath a sequence boundary to lighter values; it cannot account for the observed shifts evident throughout the sequences. The 13 C-enriched values in δ 13 C profiles could be due to increased productivity during glacial stages. The increased productivity during glacial stages was probably due to increased ocean circulation, coupled with shallowing, which brought the ramp top into waters with more 13 C-enriched dissolved inorganic carbon, with the opposite effects occurring during deglaciation. The δ 18 O values of muds range from about − 2.2 to about − 4.6‰ PDB, falling within and beyond the lighter part of the range of contemporaneous North American brachiopods [Mii, H.S., Grossman, E.L., Yancey, T.E., 1999. Carboniferous isotope stratigraphies of North America; implications for Carboniferous paleoceanography and Mississippian glaciation. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 960–973]. These values likely have been reset by burial diagenesis, and perhaps by some meteoric diagenesis just beneath correlative conformities. The sequences show negative excursions of 1 to 2‰ in δ 18 O in the maximum flooding zone relative to the lowstand, and then become more positive upward in the highstand, then decrease toward the correlative conformities. Some of the preserved signal could reflect ice-volume changes, although this would account for only 0.5 to 1‰ change. The ice-volume effect during lowstands, plus cooling of ramp-top waters and small increases in salinity due to increased aridity in the Appalachian Basin, could account for the remaining 0.5 to 1.5‰ of oxygen isotope excursions, with the opposite effect occurring during high sea levels. The δ 18 O and δ 13 C of the Appalachian ramp-slope facies lack the strong 3rd-order trends of the mid-continental United States and Europe. The remnant 4th-order carbon and oxygen isotope signal is similar in structure to Cenozoic deep-sea isotope profiles that are due in large part to 4th-order glacio-eustasy. This would be compatible with onset of Late Paleozoic glaciation of Gondwana.
The Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 Induces Tumor Regression in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of PIK3CA Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer

Purpose To examine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). Experimental Design PIK3CA mutant and wild-type human CRC cell lines were treated in vitro with NVP-BEZ235, and the resulting effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling were assessed. Colonic tumors from a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model for sporadic wild-type PIK3CA CRC were treated in vivo with NVP-BEZ235. The resulting effects on macroscopic tumor growth/regression, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and signaling were examined. Results In vitro treatment of CRC cell lines with NVP-BEZ235 resulted in transient PI3K blockade, sustained decreases in mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling, and a corresponding decrease in cell viability (median IC50 = 9.0–14.3 nM). Similar effects were seen in paired isogenic CRC cell lines that differed only in the presence or absence of an activating PIK3CA mutant allele. In vivo treatment of colonic tumor-bearing mice with NVP-BEZ235 resulted in transient PI3K inhibition and sustained blockade of mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling. Longitudinal tumor surveillance by optical colonoscopy demonstrated a 97% increase in tumor size in control mice (p = 0.01) vs. a 43% decrease (p = 0.008) in treated mice. Ex vivo analysis of the NVP-BEZ235-treated tumors demonstrated a 56% decrease in proliferation (p = 0.003), no effects on apoptosis, and a 75% reduction in angiogenesis (p = 0.013). Conclusions These studies provide the preclinical rationale for studies examining the efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type CRC.
Predictions for nonleptonic Λb and Θb decays

Abstract We study nonleptonic Λ b → Λ c π , Σ c π and Σ c ∗ π decays in the limit m b , m c , E π ⪢ Λ QCD using the soft-collinear effective theory. Here Σ c = Σ c (2455) and Σ c ∗ =Σ c (2520) . At leading order the Λ b →Σ c (∗) π rates vanish, while the Λ b → Λ c π rate is related to Λ b →Λ c l ν , and is expected to be larger than Γ(B→D (∗) π) . The dominant contributions to the Λ b →Σ c (∗) π rates are suppressed by Λ QCD 2 / E π 2 . We predict Γ(Λ b →Σ c ∗ π)/Γ(Λ b →Σ c π)=2+ O [Λ QCD /m Q ,α s (m Q )] , and the same ratio for Λ b →Σ c (∗) ρ and for Λ b →Ξ c (′,∗) K . “Bow tie” diagrams are shown to be suppressed. We comment on possible discovery channels for weakly decaying pentaquarks, Θ b , c and their nearby heavy quark spin symmetry partners, Θ b,c ∗ .