cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus hepatitis and pancreatitis in the immunocompetent

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the Herpesviridae family. It is a lytic virus that causes a cytopathic effect in vitro and in vivo. CMV affects nearly all humans, with a 60%-100% seroprevalence worldwide, and in the immunocompetent it typically manifests as a mild and self-limiting mononucleosis syndrome. In immunocompromised patients, CMV has the ability to cause significant inflammation in many different organ systems. Case Report We report an unusual case of hepatitis and pancreatitis secondary to CMV in an immunocompetent patient. A 29-year-old male was admitted with elevated lipase, elevated aminotransferases, and epigastric pain after an acute viral prodrome. An initial CMV DNA polymerase chain reaction workup was positive, indicating acute or reactivated infection. Liver histology was consistent with CMV infection. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, and intraoperative cholangiogram were not indicative of other etiologies. CMV viremia was successfully cleared with ganciclovir, and the patient experienced clinical and biochemical improvements. Conclusion Pancreatitis and hepatitis secondary to CMV are rare but should be considered in the workup of immunocompetent patients, especially in the presence of a recent viral-like illness.
An analog-to-digital converter with Golomb-Rice output codes

An analog-to-digital converter with data compression capabilities is described. By sharing circuits between an integrating converter and a Golomb-Rice encoder it is possible to jointly perform the tasks of quantization and coding. The Golomb-Rice codes are generated during the conversion cycle by employing a shift register and a digital multiplexer. The final codeword is read out serially from the shift register. The converter can also work in a noncompressing mode. This design provides a compact circuit suitable for on-sensor compression. Simulations at the system and transistor level corroborate the validity of the design.
Inflammasome/IL-1β Responses to Streptococcal Pathogens

Inflammation mediated by the inflammasome and the cytokine IL-1β are some of the earliest and most important alarms to infection. These pathways are responsive to the virulence factors that pathogens use to subvert immune processes, and thus are typically activated only by microbes with potential to cause severe disease. Among the most serious human infections are those caused by the pathogenic streptococci, in part because these species numerous strategies for immune evasion. Since the virulence factor armament of each pathogen is unique, the role of IL-1β and the pathways leading to its activation varies for each infection. This review summarizes the role of IL-1β during infections caused by streptococcal pathogens, with emphasis on emergent mechanisms and concepts countering paradigms determined for other organisms.
The 4 June 1999 Derecho event: A particularly difficult challenge for numerical weather prediction

Warm season convective system rainfall forecasts remain a particularly difficult forecast challenge. For these events, it is possible that ensemble forecasts would provide helpful information unavailable in a single deterministic forecast. In this study, an intense derecho event accompanied by a well-organized band of heavy rainfall is used to show that for some situations, the predictability of rainfall even within a 12–24-h period is so low that a wide range of simulations using different models, different physical parameterizations, and different initial conditions all fail to provide even a small signal that the event will occur. The failure of a wide range of models and parameterizations to depict the event might suggest inadequate representation of the initial conditions. However, a range of different initial conditions also failed to lead to a well-simulated event, suggesting that some events are unlikely to be predictable with the current observational network, and ensemble guidance for such cases may provide limited additional information useful to a forecaster.
Emergence of High-Level Daptomycin Resistance in Corynebacterium striatum in Two Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device Infections.

Introduction: We describe the clinical and microbiologic courses of two patients with ventricular assist device infections secondary to Corynebacterium striatum treated with daptomycin. In both cases, the pathogen was initially susceptible to daptomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 256 mg/L) during therapy. Methods: The clonal nature of the isolates was determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Daptomycin binding was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using daptomycin–boron-dipyrromethene (bodipy). Induction and stability of daptomycin resistance were assessed by culturing strains in the presence of low concentrations of daptomycin or passage of resistant strains on daptomycin-free medium and repeat MIC testing, respectively. Results: PFGE revealed that resistant clinical isolates were genetically indistinguishable from their parent strains, but the two pairs were unrelated to each other. The resistant strains had 7.5–15 times lower binding o...
BIOLOGIC AGENTS AND IMMUNOTHERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: Progress and Perspective

Advances in our understanding of rheumatoid synovitis have been coupled with increasingly refined methods from biotechnology to produce promising therapeutic agents. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), recombinant cytokines, cytokine receptor fusion proteins and other biologics have been elevated from the status of novel reagents applied in phase I toxicity trials to, in some cases, substantially evaluated and validated tools awaiting federal regulatory approval. Biologic agents will soon be released for the treatment of patients with RA. We review some of the most promising preclinical work that supports a position of optimism regarding the future of RA. We also speculate on the potential role for biologics in future management of patients with RA.
Weeble: enabling low-power nodes to coexist with high-power nodes in white space networks

One of the key distinctive requirements of white-space networks is the power asymmetry. Static nodes are allowed to transmit with 15dB-20dB higher power than mobile nodes. This poses significant coexistence problems, as high-power nodes can easily starve low-power nodes. In this paper, we propose Weeble, a novel distributed and state-less MAC protocol that solves the coexistence problem. One of the key building blocks is an adaptive preamble support, an add-on to the PHY layer that allows high-power nodes to detect a low-power transmission even when the difference in transmit power is as high as 20dB. The other key building block is a MAC protocol that exploits the adaptive preambles functionality. It implements a virtual carrier-sensing and automatically adapts the preamble size to optimize network performance. We extensively evaluate our system in a test-bed and in simulations. We show that we can prevent starvation of low-power nodes in almost all existing scenarios and improve the data rates of low-power links several-fold over existing MACs, and as a trade-off we decrease the throughput of the rest of the system by 20%-40%.
Ionosphere, D and E regions

The most notable contributions to our understanding of the D and E regions of the ionosphere made during the period from 1967 to 1971 have come through the following developments: the determination of the ionic composition of the ionosphere through the use of mass spectrometers flown on sounding rockets; the measurement of electron density profiles under a wide range of conditions, at various latitudes, hours, and seasons, during eclipses and winter anomalies with probes in combination with radio receivers for propagation measurements flown on sounding rockets; the measurement of the concentration of several important minor species in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, such as NO, O2(a1 Δg), and Na; the explosive outburst of laboratory measurements of rate constants for reactions between electrons, ions, and molecules of atmospheric interest. These developments have been accompanied by some significant successes and some significant failures in theoretical studies attempting to reconcile the measurements.
Temporal Encoding for Auditory Computation: Physiology of Primary Afferent Neurons in Sound-Producing Fish

Many fish rely on sounds for communication, yet the peripheral structures containing the hair cells are simple, without the morphological specializations that facilitate frequency analysis in the mammalian cochlea. Despite this, neurons in the midbrain of sound-producing fish (Pollimyrus) have complex receptive fields, extracting features from courtship sounds. Here we present an analysis of the initial encoding of sounds by the primary afferents and demonstrate that the representation of sound undergoes a substantial transformation as it ascends to the midbrain. Afferents were isolated as they coursed from the sacculus through the medulla. Tones (100 Hz-1.2 kHz) elicited synchronized spikes [vector strength (VS) >0.9] on each stimulus cycle [coefficient of variation (CV) <1.1], with little spike rate adaptation. Most afferents (67%) were spontaneously active and began synchronizing 10 dB below rate threshold. Rate thresholds for the most sensitive afferents (65 dB) were close to behavioral thresholds. The distribution of characteristic frequencies and best sensitivities was matched to the spectrum of sounds of this species and to its audiogram. Three clusters of afferents were identified, one including afferents that generated spike bursts and had v-shaped response areas (bursters), and two others that included entrained afferents with broad response areas (entrained types I and II). All afferents encoded the timing of clicks within click trains with time-locked spikes, and none showed selectivity for interclick intervals. Understanding the computations that yield complex receptive fields is an essential goal for auditory neuroscience, and these data on primary encoding advance this goal, allowing a comparison of inputs with feature-extracting midbrain neurons.
Facial attractiveness and vocal likeability as determinants of nonverbal sending skills1

Recent studies have examined the self-fulfilling effects of the physical attractiveness stereotype on a person's development of social skills. The potential of vocal qualities to have similar effects has not been investigated. The present study examined the relation of attractiveness (as judged from the face) and likeability of the person (as judged from the voice) to a specific social skill—the ability to send nonverbal cues of emotion. It was found that facial attractiveness and vocal likeability increased sending accuracy of facial and vocal cues respectively, particularly for pleasant affects. The greater accuracy of facially attractive senders tended to be especially emphasized for posed (as compared to spontaneous) expressions, indicating that their superiority reflected a controllable skill. The need for further research in the tradition of “what is (vocally) likeable is good” was noted.
The Design of a Career Oriented Human Resource System

Careers research recently has gained considerable prominence. Findings have far-reaching implications for the design of Human Resource (HR) practices in organizations. Developed in this paper is an integrated HR system that is career-sensitive. A set of system properties, or parameters, is offered that can be used in diagnosing and designing any system. Implications are given for the use of this framework as a guide for design and diagnosis of career-oriented HR systems. Future research areas are also suggested.
ADHD and epilepsy in childhood

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood epilepsy; prevalence figures have ranged from 8 to 77%, depending on the sample studied and the criteria used for diagnosis. In the general population the prevalence of ADHD is approximately 5%, with the majority of affected children having ADHD combined type. As part of a larger study of behavioral problems in children with epilepsy, we assessed 175 children (90 males, 85 females; age range 9 to 14 years, mean age was 11 years 10 months, SD 1 year 8 months) for evidence of ADHD. The children had at least a 6-month history of epilepsy. The primary caregiver completed both the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI) or Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4 (ASI). On the CBCL, the mean attention problem T score was 64.6 (SD 10.5) for adolescents and 67.9 (SD 11.6) for children. On the CSI or ASI, 20 of 175 children met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD combined type; 42 of 175 had ADHD predominantly inattentive type; and 4 of 175 met criteria for ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. There were significant correlations between the CBCL attention score and inattention (r=0.68) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (r=0.59). Sex, seizure type, and focus of seizure discharge were not predictors of symptoms of ADHD. Children with epilepsy are at risk for symptoms of ADHD. They differ from other samples of children with ADHD by the higher proportion of children with ADHD predominantly inattentive type and by an equal male: female ratio.
Imagining Terror in an Era of Globalization: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Construction of Terrorism after 9/11

Many analyses of U.S. foreign policy after September 11 have rested upon readings of the U.S. as a traditional imperialist power. In so doing, the constructions of Al Qaeda as a decentralized corporation and a virtual network are often ignored. Corporate and network constructions place less stress on conventional threats to the nation-state and instead portray terrorism in distinctively post-Fordist terms. This in turn helps explain the short-lived and partial patriotic responses to the terrorist attacks, as well as the contradictory place of race in portrayals of the threat facing the U.S. Together these discourses point to new ways of thinking about U.S. nationalism and terrorism in the twenty-first century.
Low Hemoglobin A1c in Nondiabetic Adults: An elevated risk state?

OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of low hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (<5.0%) and to investigate the association of low HbA1c with cause-specific mortality and risk of liver disease hospitalization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study of 13,288 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Logistic regression was used to identify cross-sectional correlates of low HbA1c and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association of low HbA1c with cause-specific mortality. RESULTS Compared with participants with HbA1c in the normal range (5.0 to <5.7%), participants with low HbA1c were younger, less likely to smoke, had lower BMI, lower white cell count and fibrinogen levels, and lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and history of coronary heart disease. However, this group was more likely to have anemia and had a higher mean corpuscular volume. In adjusted Cox models with HbA1c of 5.0 to <5.7% as the reference group, HbA1c <5.0% was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.55) and of cancer death (1.47, 95% CI: 1.16–1.84). We also noted nonsignificant trends toward increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes (1.27; 95% CI, 0.93–1.75) and respiratory causes (1.42, 95% CI: 0.78–2.56). There was a J-shaped association between HbA1c and risk of liver disease hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS No single cause of death appeared to drive the association between low HbA1c and total mortality. These results add to evidence that low HbA1c values may be a generalized marker of mortality risk in the general population.
Oxygen-Independent Antimicrobial Systems in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

It has long been recognized that neutrophil polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) exercise antimicrobial action only at very short range, and that they must attach to and ingest their targets in order to kill them with maximum efficiency. Metchnikoff (1905) first recognized this. Kanthack and Hardy (1894) extended Metchnikoff’s ideas to show the importance of degranulation of cytoplasmic granules. They showed that bacilli stopped growing only when they came in contact with and degranulated guinea pig granulocytes. Bacilli in the same fluid untouched by granulocytes continued to grow logarithmically. Remarkably, Kanthack’s work was forgotten. But Hirsch (1962) and Zucker-Franklin (Zucker-Franklin and Hirsch, 1964) rediscovered and extended these concepts, emphasizing the importance of the phagolysosomes formed about microbes as they are endocytized by heterophil (or neutrophil) polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Their studies focused attention on the importance of substances carried by cytoplasmic granules and deposited in phagolysosomes of PMN. It is now generally agreed that there are two principal granule classes, the specific granules and the azurophil granules (Bainton and Farquhar, 1968; Ullyot et al, 1973). The granules are now known to comprise several antibacterial substances including cationic antibacterial protein (CAP), lysozyme (LYZ), lactoferrin (LF), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The distribution of several of these substances in the granules is shown in Table 1.
The Role of Use in Defining Archival Practice and Principles: A Research Agenda for the Availability and Use of Records

This article contends that use, rather than the form of material, is the basis on which archival practice and theory ought to be constructed. For this reason, the study of the uses and users of archives must be the goal of a research agenda for the profession, and the social sciences and information theory may provide the models archivists need to conduct such research. The aim of archival research should be to study systematically the relationship between the use of information and the ways in which it is or can be provided; it is from this relationship that the value of records and the information they contain will be determined and archival practices defined. Highest priority must be given to a national study of use in order to establish a baseline of information against which to measure and compare access and retrieval, reference service, acquisitions, management, appraisal guidelines, and documentation strategies.
From Life-Threatening Illness to a More Sensitive Therapist

Abstract This article describes the author's connection between a life-threatening illness and the personal and professional transformation she underwent. In particular, it discusses the impact on sense of self, the value of collaboration, the use of self-disclosure, and the importance of systemic sensitivity in the therapeutic process.
Ion Beam Enhanced Adhesion of Thin Films

Ion beam enhanced adhesion has been studied for the case of thin Cu films deposited on substrates of alumina, fused quartz and glass-ceramic. Beams of He+ (200 keV) and Ne+ (280 keV) were used, in order to test the respective roles of nuclear and electronic interactions in this process. Peel tests were used to produce the first quantitative studies of adhesion strength as a continuous function of ion dose. Bond strengths improved after irradiation at modest doses, sometimes by a factor of 20. Subsequent heating in a helium furnace produced as much as an order of magnitude further adhesion improvement in irradiated samples. Similar tests for Cu on Teflon produced excellent bonding for ion doses of ∼ 1014/cm2. The results indicate bond breaking and reconstruction at a sharp interface, with no significant metal-substrate intermixing. The new bond is stable under heat cycling.
The feasibility of Parthenocissus tricuspidata introduction in the side slope vegetation restoration of Yinchuan Express Loop Highway

In this paper,the environmental characteristics of Yinchuan Express Loop Highway(YELH),the biological characteristics of Parthenocissus tricuspidata,plant selection and the importance of liana in the restoration of side slope vegetation of YELH were briefly reviewed.The feasibility of the application of P.tricuspidata in this project was analyzed.
Attributions about Entrepreneurship: A Framework and Process for Analyzing Reasons for Starting a Business:

Principles from theories of social attribution are used to devise a coding scheme for responses to an open-ended question (Why do you want to start this business?) asked of nascent entrepreneurs In...
SIZE LIMITS IN ESCAPE LOCOMOTION OF CARRIDEAN SHRIMP

Escape locomotion of the common dock shrimp, Pandalus danae Stimpson, is the result of a rapid flexion of the abdomen that lasts approximately 30 ms. The hydrodynamic forces that result from this motion lead to body accelerations in excess of 100ms−2 and body rotations of about 75°. We examined the mechanics and kinematics of this mode of locomotion with both experimental and theoretical approaches. Using a system of differential equations that rely on conservation of both linear and angular momenta, we develop predictions for body movements, thrust forces and muscle stresses associated with escape locomotion. The predicted movements of the body agree to within 10 % with data from high-speed cine-photography for body translations and rotations. The thrust from rapid tail flexion is dominated by accelerational forces and by the force required to squeeze fluid out of the gap created by the cephalothorax and the abdomen at the end of tail flexion. This squeeze force overwhelms any propulsive drag forces that arise from the tail-flip. Using the theoretical analysis, we identify two additional features about unsteady, rotational aquatic locomotion. First, as either the relative length of the propulsive appendage increases or the absolute body size increases, rotational motions become disproportionately greater than translational motions, and escape performance decays. Second, if muscle stresses developed during escape cannot exceed the maximum isometric stress, there is a unique body length (6 cm) that maximizes the distance travelled during the escape event.
Oxidation resistant Mo-Mo 2 B-silica and Mo-Mo 2 B-silicate composites for high temperature applications

Development of Mo composites based on the Mo-Si-B system has been demonstrated as a possible new route to achieving a high temperature Mobased material. In this new system, the silicide phases are replaced directly with silica or other silicate materials. These composites avoid the high ductile to brittle transition temperature observed for Mo-Si-B alloys by removing the Si that exists in solid solution in Mo at equilibrium with its silicides. A variety of compositions is tested for room temperature ductility and oxidation resistance. A system based upon Mo, Mo2B, and SrO·Al2O3·(SiO2)2 is shown to possess both ductility at 80 vol.% Mo and oxidation resistance at 60 vol.%. These composites can be produced using a powder processing approach and fired to greater than 95% theoretical density with a desirable microstructure of isolated boride and silicate phases within a ductile Mo matrix.
Density Problems and Freiman’s Inverse Problems

In this chapter we present applications of nonstandard analysis to density problems and Freiman’s inverse problems in combinatorial number theory. The reader is assumed to be familiar with some basic knowledge and principles in nonstandard analysis such as nonstandard extensions of the standard universe, transfer principle, standard part map, distinctions among standard, internal, and external sets and arguments, hyperfinite sets, hyperfinite integers, overspill/underspill principle, countable saturation, etc.
Segmenting Non-Ideal Irises Using Geodesic Active Contours

The richness and the apparent stability of the iris texture makes it a robust biometric trait for personal authentication. The performance of an automated iris recognition system is affected by the accuracy of the segmentation process used to isolate the iris structure from the other components in its vicinity, viz., the sclera, pupil, eyelids and eyelashes. Most segmentation models in the literature assume that the pupillary, the li c ad limbic and the eyelid boundaries are circular or elliptical in shape. Hence, they focus on determining model parameters that best fit these hypotheses. In this paper, we describe a novel iris segmentation scheme that employs Geodesic Active Contours to extract the iris from the surrounding structures. The proposed scheme elicits the iris texture in an iterative fashion depending upon both the local and global conditions in the image. The performance of an iris recognition system based on multiple Gabor filters is observed to improve upon based on multiple Gabor filters is obesrved to improve upon application of the proposed segmentation algorithm. Experimental results on the WVU and CASIA v1.0 iris databases indicate the efficacy of the proposed technique.
Modulating motility of intracellular vesicles in cortical neurons with nanomagnetic forces on-chip

Vesicle transport is a major underlying mechanism of cell communication. Inhibiting vesicle transport in brain cells results in blockage of neuronal signals, even in intact neuronal networks. Modulating intracellular vesicle transport can have a huge impact on the development of new neurotherapeutic concepts, but only if we can specifically interfere with intracellular transport patterns. Here, we propose to modulate motion of intracellular lipid vesicles in rat cortical neurons based on exogenously bioconjugated and cell internalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) within microengineered magnetic gradients on-chip. Upon application of 6-126 pN on intracellular vesicles in neuronal cells, we explored how the magnetic force stimulus impacts the motion pattern of vesicles at various intracellular locations without modulating the entire cell morphology. Altering vesicle dynamics was quantified using, mean square displacement, a caging diameter and the total traveled distance. We observed a de-acceleration of intercellular vesicle motility, while applying nanomagnetic forces to cultured neurons with SPIONs, which can be explained by a decrease in motility due to opposing magnetic force direction. Ultimately, using nanomagnetic forces inside neurons may permit us to stop the mis-sorting of intracellular organelles, proteins and cell signals, which have been associated with cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, nanomagnetic force applications will allow us to wirelessly guide axons and dendrites by exogenously using permanent magnetic field gradients.
Total energy costs of 3 all-out Tabata routines: calisthenic, plyometric and resistance exercises

We examined the total energy costs – aerobic and anaerobic, exercise and recovery – of 3 all-out Tabata routines: calisthenics (burpee and lunge), plyometric (jump step and incline push-up) and resistance exercises (squat and dumbbell press). Eleven men and four women (22.1 ± 1.9 years, 175.5 ± 5.9 cm, 71.6 ± 9.7 kg) volunteered. Subjects performed as many repetitions as possible within each 20 second exercise routine followed by 10 second recovery periods, with each routine being completed four times (e.g., burpee-recovery then lunge-recovery; repeated 4X) for a total of four minutes. The lowest overall cost was found with the resistance exercises 174.3 ± 32.2 kJ (41.7 ± 7.7 kcal) (p < 0.005) as compared to the calisthenic 287.8 ± 64.3 kJ (68.8 ± 15.4 kcal) and plyometric 241.4 ± 49.3 kJ (57.7 ± 11.8 kcal) routines; the calisthenic and plyometric routines did not differ statistically. A rating of perceived exertion (RPE) indicated the highest scores for the calisthenic (16.0 ± 1.3) and resistance (15.2 ± 1.7) routines with statistical significance only found between calisthenic and plyometric (13.8 ± 1.5) routines (p = 0.01). We conclude that the energy costs of Tabata-type exercise are highly individualized among routines - no single energy cost estimate effectively describes a given Tabata-type exercise routine. Moreover, we are unaware of any 4 minute Tabata routine to date meeting or exceeding 100 kcal (~400 kJ).
Atonement and the Cry of Dereliction from the Cross

Any interpretation of the doctrine of the atonement has to take account of relevant biblical texts. Among these texts, one that has been the most difficult to interpret is that describing the cry of dereliction from the cross. According to the Gospels of Mathew and Mark, on the cross Jesus cries, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” In this paper, I give a philosophical analysis of the options for understanding the cry of dereliction, interpreted within the constraints of orthodox Christian theology; and I show the suggestiveness of this analysis for interpretations of the doctrine of the atonement.
Next-Generation Single-Use Ureteroscopes: An In Vitro Comparison.

Abstract Introduction: Single-use ureteroscopes have been gaining popularity in recent years. We compare the optics, deflection, and irrigation flow of two novel single-use flexible ureteroscopes—the YC-FR-A and the NeoFlex—with contemporary reusable and single-use flexible ureteroscopes. Methods: Five flexible ureteroscopes, YC-FR-A (YouCare Tech, China), NeoFlex (Neoscope, Inc., USA), LithoVue (Boston Scientific, USA), Flex-Xc (Karl Storz, Germany), and Cobra (Richard Wolf, Germany), were assessed in vitro for image resolution, distortion, field of view, depth of field, color representation, and grayscale imaging. Ureteroscope deflection and irrigation were also compared. Results: The YC-FR-A showed a resolution of 5.04 lines/mm and 4.3% image distortion. NeoFlex showed a resolution of 17.9 lines/mm and 14.0% image distortion. No substantial difference was demonstrated regarding the other optic characteristics between the two. Across all tested ureteroscopes, single-use or reusable, the digital scopes p...
The Urban Amphibious

Is coastal history a subdivision of maritime history, or does it represent a clear break with past scholarship? This chapter argues that the emergence of coastal history is part of a deep, far-reaching transformation that has crystallized over the last twenty-five years. It considers some of the new terms and concepts and adds to these a three-part taxonomy of the “coastal-urban forms:” the urban foreshore, the urban offshore, and the urban estuary. It avoids nostalgia by considering these in the contemporary context, and concludes by suggesting that current conflicts—for example, those over sea level rise and “coastal squeeze”—may offer a stimulating vantage point for reappraising the urban amphibious in many different historical periods.
Coconuco: Datos y documentos para la historia de una gran haciendo caucana 1823, 1842 y 1876

Coconuco: datos y documentos para la historia de una gran hacienda cancana 11832, 1842 y 1876). Cartas del General Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera/ Archivo Central del Cauca. Archivo Mosquera. Ano 1823, 1842, 1876. Seleccion y anotaciones Jose Leon Helguera// En: Anuario No. 5 (1970); p. 189-203. Documentos en los que el General Mosquera hace recomendaciones para la administracion de la hacienda de Coconuco.
Drug use patterns and predictors among homeless youth: Results of an ecological momentary assessment.

Background. Alcohol and drug use is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is highly prevalent among homeless youth. Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) have been used to examin...
Recurrent Cellulitis in a Patient with Papillomatosis Cutis Lymphostatica.

Author(s): Pak, Stella; Markovic, John-Phillip; Yatsynovich, Yan; Tope, Ethan; Valencia, Damian
Journeys to Teaching Qualitative Research Methods Online.

Teaching in online spaces requires new roles and competencies. Presented as autoethnographic narratives, three faculty members describe their journeys into online graduate instruction in qualitative research methods. Areas of growth included effective course design and planning and strategies for building community. Challenges included keeping up with the technology and finding adequate resources. These narratives provide potential issues for consideration by faculty new to online instruction.
Triplicity in Spencer-Brown, Lacan, and Poe

When speculative realists argue that objects should be considered apart from subjects, they frequently call on the support of George Spencer-Brown’s ‘calculus of indications’; however, they domesticate binary oppositions (e.g., day/night, good/bad, etc.) at the expense of the radical antagonism of Spencer-Brown’s identification of indication with distinction, a ‘pre-Boolean’ alliance that echoes Lacan’s own topologies of the ‘extimate’ (inside-out). Antagonism is not so easily dispelled. Speculative realists should accept the ‘thirdness’ that Spencer-Brown and, later, Lacan employ strategically to address central questions about self-reference. I use evidence from Poe’s ‘The Purloined Letter’ to show how much Lacan’s, Freud’s, and Spencer-Brown’s ‘triplicities’ have to offer to the project of the nonhuman.
Discrete Choice Models: Logit and Probit Analysis

In the discussion of all preceding chapters we had dealt with the case where the dependent variables were continuous and, in principle, could assume any value in [0, ∞) or even (−∞, ∞)—upon centering. In fact, all economic variables are bounded, but the unbounded nature of the set defining the range of the dependent variables above does no violence to the nature of the problem under investigation. Thus, if we are examining the aggregate consumption function it does no violence to the intrinsic nature of the problem to putwhere c and y stand for (the logarithm of) consumption and income, respectively, and u is the unobservable error term. Thus, assuming, for example, that u is proportional to a unit normal variable does not create any conceptual problems, even though it does imply that, with some small probability, consumption can exceed any prespecified magnitude, however large.
Definition and measurement of quality of life in oncology nursing research: review and theoretical implications.

PURPOSE To describe oncology nurses' diverse conceptual and operational approaches to the study of quality of life (QOL) by reviewing oncology nursing research of QOL, using principles of theory-building to examine and explain findings, and discussing implications for QOL measurement in research and practice. DATA SOURCES Journal articles published since 1980. DATA SYNTHESIS The use of diverse definitions and measures of QOL reflects the difficulty of operationalizing this abstract and highly individualized concept. A predominant trend in nursing research is the development of multidimensional scales that are disease-specific and include respondent-generated items. CONCLUSIONS Findings reflect a struggle to balance the need for practical, clinically relevant measures of QOL with the equally important need for theoretical integrity and comprehensiveness. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses need to examine carefully their purposes for documenting QOL and the congruence of the evaluation method with patients' perceptions of QOL. This information can guide the choice of methods and enhance the validity of data used to evaluate QOL.
Enabling Dense Spatial Reuse in mmWave Networks

Millimeter Wave (mmWave) networks can deliver multi-Gbps wireless links that use extremely narrow directional beams. This provides us with a new way to exploit spatial reuse in order to scale network throughput. In this work, we present MilliNet, the first millimeter wave network that can exploit dense spatial reuse to allow many links to operate in parallel in a confined space and scale the wireless throughput with the number of clients. Results from a 60 GHz testbed show that MilliNet can deliver a total wireless network data rate of more than 38 Gbps for 10 clients which is 5.8× higher than current 802.11 mmWave standards.
Kernel-based testing with skewed and heavy-tailed data: Evidence from a nonparametric test for heteroskedasticity

Abstract We examine the performance of a nonparametric kernel-based specification test in the presence of skewed and heavy-tailed regressors. We start by modifying the Zheng (2009) test for heteroskedasticity by removing the random denominator in the test statistic, a common source of distortion for such tests. Asymptotic equivalence of our test statistic is shown and Monte Carlo simulations are provided to assess the finite sample performance. With normally distributed errors, we find slight improvements using our modified test when the regressors are asymmetric or symmetric without heavy-tails. Trimming and using a smaller bandwidth also improves size for these distributions. When the errors are heavy-tailed, the results are more favorable to our test.
Associations between food insecurity and prediabetes in a representative sample of U.S. Adults (NHANES 2005-2014).

Abstract Aims The primary aim of this research was to investigate the association between food insecurity and prediabetes and to identify specific subgroups for early clinical intervention. Methods Cross-sectional data from 25,814 participants were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for years 2005–2014. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between food security status and laboratory-confirmed prediabetes. All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and body mass index. Results When compared to participants with full and marginal food security, participants with low/very food security were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.17–1.55) times more likely to have prediabetes. Younger individuals with low/very low food security had a greater likelihood of prediabetes, 1.50 (95% CI: 1.19–1.81), when compared with their food secure counterparts. Conclusions Food insecurity at any level, whether low or very low, is positively associated with prediabetes in the U.S. general adult population. Food insecure young adults, particularly those aged 20–34 years, should be targeted for early clinical intervention.
Neural Network Classifiers Using a Hardware-Based Approximate Activation Function with a Hybrid Stochastic Multiplier

Neural networks are becoming prevalent in many areas, such as pattern recognition and medical diagnosis. Stochastic computing is one potential solution for neural networks implemented in low-power back-end devices such as solar-powered devices and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this article, we investigate a new architecture of stochastic neural networks with a hardware-oriented approximate activation function. The newly proposed approximate activation function can be hidden in the proposed architecture and thus reduce the whole hardware cost. Additionally, to further reduce the hardware cost of the stochastic implementation, a new hybrid stochastic multiplier is proposed. It contains OR gates and a binary parallel counter, which aims to reduce the number of inputs of the binary parallel counter. The experimental results indicate the newly proposed approximate architecture without hybrid stochastic multipliers achieves more than 25%, 60%, and 3x reduction compared to previous stochastic neural networks, and more than 30x, 30x, and 52% reduction compared to conventional binary neural networks, in terms of area, power, and energy, respectively, while maintaining the similar error rates compared to the conventional neural networks. Furthermore, the stochastic implementation with hybrid stochastic multipliers further reduces area about 18% to 80%, power from 15% to 113.1%, and energy about 15% to 131%, respectively.
Developmental Patterns of the Greater Trochanter in Skeletally Immature Patients.

Background Trochanteric entry femoral nailing in immature patients is controversial. Although it has become increasingly accepted in pediatric patients aged 8 years and older, complications related to physeal violation have been reported. To date, the appropriate minimum age for safe antegrade nailing in skeletally immature patients remains to be unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the degree of trochanteric bony and cartilage growth with increasing age to provide normative growth values. Methods A total of 408 serial digitized radiographs of the left hip in 45 healthy children (n=26 female individuals, n=19 male individuals) between the ages of 6 and 14 were retrospectively reviewed by 2 independent authors. Radiographs were examined to measure the changing height of the bony greater trochanter with increasing age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 55 (n=29 male individuals, n=26 female individuals) contemporary children between the ages of 6 and 14 were evaluated to measure bony greater trochanteric and the overlying cartilage cap height. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient values for both radiographic and MRI measurements were excellent. Longitudinal radiographs demonstrated that the bony growth was largely complete by age 11 in male and female individuals. MRI measurements demonstrated that bony trochanteric and overlying cartilage cap height was maximal by age 7 in female individuals and age 8 in male individuals, while no significant difference in bony and cartilage height was appreciated with increasing age in male, female individuals or male+female individuals. Conclusions Combined bony and cartilaginous trochanteric growth is largely complete by age 7 in female individuals and age 8 in male individuals, with increases in the height of the trochanter beyond this age likely coming from ossification of the cartilaginous portions. As such, antegrade intramedullary nailing for closed femoral shaft fractures is reasonable in male and female individuals aged 8 years and older. Level of evidence Level II-retrospective study.
Developments and Next Steps in Theorizing the Secondary Prisonization of Families

Over the last three decades, the USA has experienced a colossal growth in its carceral population, zooming from incarceration rates so moderate in the early 1970s that it was conceivable to anticipate the ‘end of the prison’ (Blumstein et al. in The Dynamics of a Homeostatic Punishment Process 67:317–344, 1977) to rates so high at present that the USA is the world leader in locking its residents behind bars (Institute for Criminal Policy Research in World Prison Brief, 2017).
Short-Chain Lecithin/Triglyceride Mixed Particles: Physical Studies of the Surface Accessibility of Triglyceride and Correlation with Lipase Kinetics

Short-chain lecithins are a useful matrix for creating model lipoproteins. These synthetic lecithins solubilize relatively large quantities of triglyceride (up to 0.5 mol fraction for tributyrin and trihexanoin) and cholesterol to form mixed particles which are excellent substrates for a variety of lipolytic enzymes. We have used quasielastic light-scattering to measure size and polydispersity of short-chain lecithin/triglyceride micellar particles and 13c and 31p NMR to assess motions of individual lipids. From the experimental results we have generated a geometrical model for discrete particles with differences in core/surface partitioning of triglycerides that allows us to understand quantitatively pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of the triglyceride.
An accurate, high resolution 30-250 GHz free-space vector transmission measurement system using monolithic GaAs ics

We report broadband monolithic transmitters and receivers ICs for mm-wave electromagnetic network measurements. The ICs use non-linear transmission lines (NLTL) and sampling circuits as picosecond pulse generators and detectors. Combining NLTLs and sampling circuits with monolithic broadband antennas, the pulse can be radiated and received for free-space measurements. In this paper, we demonstrate a variety of measurements include high-Q Bragg filters showing high frequency resolution (10 dB/GHz slope at 118 GHz), and phase-frequency measurements of quartz samples to determine the dielectric constant.
County-level factors affecting Latino HIV disparities in the United States.

Objective To determine which county-level social, economic, demographic, epidemiologic and access to care factors are associated with Latino/non-Latino White disparities in prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection. Methods and findings We used 2016 county-level prevalence rates of diagnosed HIV infection rates for Latinos and non-Latino Whites obtained from the National HIV Surveillance System and factors obtained from multiple publicly available datasets. We used mixed effects Poisson modeling of observed HIV prevalence at the county-level to identify county-level factors that explained homogeneous effects across race/ethnicity and differential effects for Latinos and NL-Whites. Overall, the median Latinos disparity in HIV prevalence is 2.4; 94% of the counties have higher rates for Latinos than non-Latinos, and one-quarter of the counties' disparities exceeded 10. Of the 41 county-level factors examined, 24 showed significant effect modification when examined individually. In multi-variable modeling, 11 county-level factors were found that significantly affected disparities. Factors that increased disparity with higher, compared to lower values included proportion of HIV diagnoses due to injection drug use, percent Latino living in poverty, percent not English proficient, and percent Puerto Rican. Latino disparities increased with decreasing percent severe housing, drug overdose mortality rate, percent rural, female prevalence rate, social association rate, percent change in Latino population, and Latino to NL-White proportion of the population. These factors while significant had minimal effects on diminishing disparity, but did substantially reduce the variance in disparity rates. Conclusions Large differences in HIV prevalence rates persist across almost all counties even after controlling for county-level factors. Counties that are more rural, have fewer Latinos, or have lower NL-White prevalence rates tend to have higher disparities. There is also higher disparity when community risk is low.
Real Organizational Transformation: Task Force Delta and the U.S. Army

In the wake of the Vietnam War and with the end of conscription, the United States Army faced an organizational crisis: having been accused by the American body politic of losing a war, rife with drug use and racial tension, and experiencing reductions in end strength and budgets without a concomitant reduction in mission, the Army had little precedent on how to convert from a conscript force to a professional force. Ten years later, this same organization conducted one of the most decisive combat campaigns in modern history during Operation DESERT STORM. This paper explores one of the major policy initiatives that led to this successful transformation: Task Force DELTA, an unusual and perhaps unique working group of officers and civilians from the military, government, academia and the corporate sectors united in one goal – creating an effective, vital Army. The paper is a case study in successful organizational and social transformation and serves as an important historical datum for scholars interested in the organizational aspects of national security.