cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural damage identification via a combination of blind feature extraction and sparse representation classification

Abstract This paper addresses two problems in structural damage identification: locating damage and assessing damage severity, which are incorporated into the classification framework based on the theory of sparse representation (SR) and compressed sensing (CS). The sparsity nature implied in the classification problem itself is exploited, establishing a sparse representation framework for damage identification. Specifically, the proposed method consists of two steps: feature extraction and classification. In the feature extraction step, the modal features of both the test structure and the reference structure model are first blindly extracted by the unsupervised complexity pursuit (CP) algorithm. Then in the classification step, expressing the test modal feature as a linear combination of the bases of the over-complete reference feature dictionary—constructed by concatenating all modal features of all candidate damage classes—builds a highly underdetermined linear system of equations with an underlying sparse representation, which can be correctly recovered by l 1 -minimization; the non-zero entry in the recovered sparse representation directly assigns the damage class which the test structure (feature) belongs to. The two-step CP–SR damage identification method alleviates the training process required by traditional pattern recognition based methods. In addition, the reference feature dictionary can be of small size by formulating the issues of locating damage and assessing damage extent as a two-stage procedure and by taking advantage of the robustness of the SR framework. Numerical simulations and experimental study are conducted to verify the developed CP–SR method. The problems of identifying multiple damage, using limited sensors and partial features, and the performance under heavy noise and random excitation are investigated, and promising results are obtained.
Belief in Personal Control Among Low-Income African American, Puerto Rican, and European American Single Mothers

This study examined belief in personal control among low-income single mothers (African American, Puerto Rican, and European American) in an economically distressed region in the Northeast, who wer...
Determination of selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes by a matched-potential method

Abstract A new method is proposed for the determination of selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes. A reference solution of the primary ion is used and potential changes are measured after adding either the primary ion or secondary ion. Increasing concentrations of the secondary ion are added to provide the same potential change as obtained for a fixed added concentration of the primary ion. The ratio of the primary-to-secondary ion concentrations for this potential change represents the selectivity coefficient. This method is illustrated by the use of a sodium glass electrode and a potassium valinomycin electrode. Results obtained are compared with those from conventional determinations of selectivity coefficients. The advantages of this method are discussed.
Do we really need standards in digital image management

Convention dictates that standards are a necessity rather than a luxury. Standards are supposed to improve the exchange of health and image data information resulting in improved quality and efficiency of patient care. True standardisation is some time away yet, as barriers exist with evolving equipment, storage formats and even the standards themselves. The explosive growth in the size and complexity of images such as those generated by multislice computed tomography have driven the need for digital image management, created problems of storage space and costs, and created a challenge for increasing or getting an adequate speed for transmitting, accessing and retrieving the image data. The search for a suitable and practical format for storing the data without loss of information and medico-legal implications has become a necessity and a matter of 'urgency'. Existing standards are either open or proprietary and must comply with local, regional or national laws. Currently there are the Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS); Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM); Health Level 7 (HL7) and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE). Issues in digital image management can be categorised as operational, procedural, technical and administrative. Standards must stay focussed on the ultimate goal - that is, improved patient care worldwide.
Simultaneous chromizing and aluminizing of iron-base alloys

Abstract Simultaneous deposition of chromium and aluminum into iron-base alloys has been achieved by a pack cementation process. The equilibrium partial pressures of gaseous species in halide-activated cementation packs have been calculated. The codeposition of chromium with aluminum is thermodynamically possible for bromide- or chloride-activated packs when the activity of aluminum is approximately two to three orders of magnitude lower than the chromium activity. Specific conditions were found which incorporate a small concentration of titanium into the CrAl coating of a ferritic steel (Fe15Cr) substrate. Likewise, chromizing or aluminizing packs and procedures were demonstrated which avoid the formation of an external carbide layer on a 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.15C steel, and the formation of a brittle, external β-NiAl layer on austenitic stainless steels.
A Highly Active and Alcohol-Tolerant Cathode Electrocatalyst Containing Ag Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene

Abstract A highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst was synthesized by supporting Ag nano-particles on graphene nano platelets (Ag/GNP) via ultrasound treatment. The Ag/GNP catalyzes the O2 molecule through a 4-electron reduction to water in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The half-wave potential for the ORR on Ag/GNP is similar to a Pt black coated electrode (i.e -0.27 V at Ag/GNP, and -0.18 V at 40% Pt/C vs.SCE). The kinetic rate for the ORR on Ag/GNP is 3.16 × 10−2 cm · s−1 at -0.4 V vs. SCE. The effect of alcohols and other impurities on the ORR catalytic activity for Ag/GNP was examined and found to be highly tolerant to methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol. The Ag/GNP catalyst is also tolerant to tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxides; i.e. functional groups related to the chemical structure of common alkaline electrolyte membranes.
What Does Gerontology Mean

Despite growth in the field of gerontological research over the past 50 years, no consensus has emerged on either the definition of gerontology or on its scope and boundaries. This confusion is rooted historically in developments involving the origins and adoption of the term. These include the divergent agendas and world views of particular disciplines and gerontological institutions, as well as conflicts over both ideology and turf among major gerontologists. Speculation is offered on the potential, as well as the costs, of developing consensus-in the future.
Reversal of Alzheimer's-like pathology and behavior in human APP transgenic mice by mutation of Asp664

The deficits characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are believed to result, at least in part, from the neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid peptides, a set of 39–43 amino acid fragments derived proteolytically from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP also is cleaved intracytoplasmically at Asp-664 to generate a second cytotoxic peptide, APP-C31, but whether this C-terminal processing of APP plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD is unknown. Therefore, we compared elements of the Alzheimer's phenotype in transgenic mice modeling AD with vs. without a functional Asp-664 caspase cleavage site. Surprisingly, whereas β-amyloid production and plaque formation were unaltered, synaptic loss, astrogliosis, dentate gyral atrophy, increased neuronal precursor proliferation, and behavioral abnormalities were completely prevented by a mutation at Asp-664. These results suggest that Asp-664 plays a critical role in the generation of Alzheimer-related pathophysiological and behavioral changes in human APP transgenic mice, possibly as a cleavage site or via protein–protein interactions.
Relative natriuretic activities of synthetic atriopeptins I, II and III.

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that mammalian atria contain a series of peptides which possess potent natriuretic activity. Using a sensitive and reproducible bioassay developed by this laboratory, the natriuretic and diuretic activities of three peptides, atriopeptins I, II, and III (21, 23 and 24 amino acids, respectively) were compared. Bioassays were conducted in pentobarbital-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300–350 grams. At doses ranging from 0.33 to 3.0 ug, no significant differences in natriuretic or diuretic activities were observed between the three peptides. The time courses of the natriuretic and diuretic responses to these peptides were also identical. The finding that atriopeptin I (21 amino acids) possesses natriuretic activity equal to that of atriopeptins II and III suggests that the C-terminus residues of atriopeptin III (Phe-Arg-Tyr) are not necessary for full expression of natriuretic activity. However, since several previous reports have indicated that atriopeptin I is considerably less potent as a natriuretic than we report here, perhaps a cautionary note should be sounded concerning the conditions required to produce or to retain full biologic activities of the synthetic atriopeptins.
ROLES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT: SUCCESS AND THE ATHOS I SPILL RESPONSE1

ABSTRACT On November 26, 2004, the tanker Athos I struck several submerged objects, resulting in the release of an estimated 264,000 gallons of Bachaquero Venezuelan crude oil into the Delaware River near West Deptford, New Jersey. The magnitude of the potential impacts from this release prompted the Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) to stand up an incident Command System (ICS) to manage response activities. As part of this Incident Command structure, the Planning Section implemented an Environmental Unit (EU). The EU Leader is responsible for assessing the environmental conditions or impacts related to an incident and develop strategies to minimize those impacts. The NOAA Scientific Support Coordinator (SSC) was requested by the Federal On-Scene Coordinator to fill the position of EU Leader. The response lasted almost one year. Throughout the event the EU was an essential component of the response management structure, capable of building up or scaling down as the workload demanded. Multiple federal, s...
What can be done to increase the use of diagnostic decision support systems

This essay explores the reasons why diagnostic decision support systems are underutilized despite growing concern about diagnostic errors. Factors related to the motivation to use the systems, clinician cognition, system design and implementation, as well as the absence of feedback in routine clinical care are discussed. Suggestions for design and implementation strategies for diagnostic decision support systems that can increase appropriate utilization are discussed.
Studies on delayed systemic effects of ultraviolet B radiation on the induction of contact hypersensitivity, 3. Dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs are deficient in interleukin-12 production and capacity to promote activation and differentiation of T helper type 1 cells

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UVR) of mouse skin promotes both local and systemic immune aberrations that are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignancies. Acute, low-dose UVR regimens inhibit the induction of contact hypersensitivity (CH) in genetically susceptible mice by TNF-alpha-dependent mechanisms. In addition, these regimens also promote the development of tolerance when hapten is applied to the UVR-exposed site at the completion of the radiation treatment protocol. A third immune abnormality is also observed in mice exposed to acute, low-dose UVR. This abnormality, which develops within 48-72 hr of the completion of the UVR regimen, has been described among antigen-presenting cells within secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes that do not drain the site of irradiation. Dendritic cells (DCs) from lymph nodes and spleens of mice exposed to UVR lack the capacity to induce CH if they are derivatized with hapten and injected intracutaneously into naive mice. The DC defect is related to the production of and systemic dissemination of interleukin-10 (IL-10) by keratinocytes within the epidermis of the UVR-exposed skin. We have now examined the nature of the functional aberration that exists among DCs within the secondary lymphoid organs of UVR-exposed mice by examining the capacity of DCs to express co-stimulatory molecules, and their ability to activate ovalbumin (OVA) -specific DO11.10 T-cell receptor transgenic T cells in vitro. Our results indicate that DCs from UVR-exposed mice produced insufficient amounts of IL-12. When pulsed with OVA, these cells were capable of inducing proliferation among DO11.10 T cells in vitro, but the responding cells produced neither IFN-gamma nor IL-10 and IL-4. A similar antigen-presenting cell defect was generated in mice treated with a subcutaneous injection of IL-10. We conclude that acute, low-dose UVR creates an IL-10-dependent functional deficit in DCs in secondary lymphoid organs, and that this defect robs UVR-exposed mice of the capacity to develop CH when hapten is painted epicutaneously.
Irruptive dynamics of introduced caribou on Adak Island, Alaska: an evaluation of Riney-Caughley model predictions

Large mammalian herbivores introduced to islands without predators are predicted to undergo irruptive population and spatial dynamics, but only a few well-documented case studies support this paradigm. We used the Riney-Caughley model as a framework to test predictions of irruptive population growth and spatial expansion of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) introduced to Adak Island in the Aleutian archipelago of Alaska in 1958 and 1959. We utilized a time series of spatially explicit counts conducted on this population intermittently over a 54-year period. Population size increased from 23 released animals to approximately 2900 animals in 2012. Population dynamics were characterized by two distinct periods of irruptive growth separated by a long time period of relative stability, and the catalyst for the initial irruption was more likely related to annual variation in hunting pressure than weather conditions. An unexpected pattern resembling logistic population growth occurred between the peak of the second irruption in 2005 and the next survey conducted seven years later in 2012. Model simulations indicated that an increase in reported harvest alone could not explain the deceleration in population growth, yet high levels of unreported harvest combined with increasing density-dependent feedbacks on fecundity and survival were the most plausible explanation for the observed population trend. No studies of introduced island Rangifer have measured a time series of spatial use to the extent described in this study. Spatial use patterns during the post-calving season strongly supported Riney-Caughley model predictions, whereby high-density core areas expanded outwardly as population size increased. During the calving season, caribou displayed marked site fidelity across the full range of population densities despite availability of other suitable habitats for calving. Finally, dispersal and reproduction on neighboring Kagalaska Island represented a new dispersal front for irruptive dynamics and a new challenge for resource managers. The future demography of caribou on both islands is far from certain, yet sustained and significant hunting pressure should be a vital management tool.
Disequilibrium Mapping: Composite Likelihood for Pairwise Disequilibrium

The pattern of linkage disequilibrium between a disease locus and a set of marker loci has been shown to be a useful tool for geneticists searching for disease genes. Several methods have been advanced to utilize the pairwise disequilibrium between the disease locus and each of a set of marker loci. However, none of the methods take into account the information from all pairs simultaneously while also modeling the variability in the disequilibrium values due to the evolutionary dynamics of the population. We propose a Composite Likelihood (CL) model that has these features when the physical distances between the marker loci are known or can be approximated. In this instance, and assuming that there is a single disease mutation, the CL model depends on only three parameters, the recombination fraction between the disease locus and an arbitrary marker locus, theta, the age of the mutation, and a variance parameter. When the CL is maximized over a grid of theta, it provides a graph that can direct the search for the disease locus. We also show how the CL model can be generalized to account for multiple disease mutations. Evolutionary simulations demonstrate the power of the analyses, as well as their potential weaknesses. Finally, we analyze the data from two mapped diseases, cystic fibrosis and diastrophic dysplasia, finding that the CL method performs well in both cases.
Assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emission savings from compact housing: a small-town case study

Data from the US Department of Energy show that single-family detached homes consume about 17% more energy per year than attached homes and roughly double that of units in large multi-family structures. While greater use of these compact housing types could reduce a community's energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most local climate action plans (CAPs) do not quantify those potential savings. This article describes how the climate action planning process in the Town of Blacksburg, Virginia has addressed residential sector GHG emissions and demonstrates a methodology applied in that community for estimating potential GHG reductions from compact housing. It finds that in an aggressive compact housing scenario GHG emissions from new housing could be decreased by as much as 36%, without factoring in additional energy conservation or efficiency measures. The article concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges related to implementing compact housing in future residential development.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits early B cell development in vivo

Recent in vitro studies suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits early B cell differentiation; however, there is no evidence in the intact animal for a role for CGRP in B cell development. Here, we show that in vivo treatment of mice with CGRP reduces the number of IL-7 responsive B cell progenitors in bone marrow. A single CGRP treatment reduces IL-7-responsive B cell progenitors by up to 40% for up to 72 h. The reduction is dose-dependent and can be blocked by a CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP(8-37). CGRP in serum following injection is highly elevated at 30 min but returns to basal levels by 4 h, suggesting that a single injection of CGRP has long-lasting effects on B cell development. This report provides the first direct in vivo evidence that CGRP, a neuropeptide with multiple effects on mature lymphocytes, also plays a regulatory role in early B cell development in the bone marrow.
Highlights of the Planetary Sciences Program

The April meeting of the American Geophysical Union included a program of contributed papers in planetary physics arranged by the Planning Committee on Planetary Science. The program comprised 68 papers arranged in eight sessions. Many of the papers were of exceptional interest, and the total number of contributions far exceeded the expectations of the Planning Committee. The opening session of the Planetary Sciences Program included several papers on the origin of the Van Allen belt, a problem which constitutes one of the most interesting and controversial questions in current research. Until recently it had been regarded as very probable that the energetic particles of the inner belt are produced by the beta decay of cosmic ray neutrons, whereas the greater part of the particles of the outer belt are instead injected directly from corpuscular streams emitted by the sun. The hypothesis of solar injection had been considered demonstrated by the comparison of Pioneer III and Pioneer IV data, which indicated a large increase in the intensity of the outer zone immediately following a major solar event in February 1959. However, the data returned more recently by the Explorer VI satellite indicate some puzzling features in the relation between solar events and the properties of the outer belt. For example, at the commencement of a magnetic storm the outer belt decreased, before subsequently increasing to several times its initial intensity. Furthermore, the belts have a more complex spatial structure than had been realized prior to the launching of this satellite. Stimulated in part by these results, and by new measurements of the neutron flux in the outer atmosphere, several groups on the West Coast, including Hess, Freden, and White of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Karplus of the University of California, and Dessler of the Lockheed Laboratory, have reexamined the contributions from solar injection and neutron beta decay as competing sources for the electron population of the outer belt. The tentative conclusion is that the detailed features of the outer belt are more readily explained by the beta decay source than by solar injection. Furthermore, it appears that the measured flux of neutrons in the atmosphere is sufficient to account for the observed intensity of outer zone particles. The neutron flux measurement was completed by Hess, using detectors carried piggy-back on Atlas flights. On the basis of these flux data, Hess carried out extensive calculations on the rate of leakage of neutrons from the atmosphere into the outer Van Allen region. From the leakage rate, he further computed the production rate of electrons by neutron beta decay, the efficiency of trapping in the magnetic field, and the energy spectrum of the trapped electrons. He reported to the Planetary Sciences session that the flux of electrons above 50 kev, calculated in this way, is within an order of magnitude of the observed fluxes, thereby confirming that beta decay is, indeed, an adequate source of particles for the outer belt.
Discussion Paper: Triangulation of Methodology to Solve the Practitioner - Academic Debate Concerning the Value of Research

In support of research in the debate concerning its relevance to hospitality academics and practitioners, the author presents a discussion of how the philosophy of science impacts approaches to research, including a brief summary of empiricism, and the importance of the triangulation of research orientations. Criticism of research is the hospitality literature often focuses on the lack of an apparent philosophy of science perspective and how this perspective impacts the way in which scholars conduct and interpret research. The Validity Network Schema (VNS) presents a triangulation model for evaluating research progress in a discipline by providing a mechanism for integrating academic and practitioner research studies. This article is available in Hospitality Review: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/hospitalityreview/vol25/iss1/8 Discussion Paper: Triangulation of Methodology to Solve the Practitioner Academic Debate Concerning the Value of Research
MRI rotating frame relaxation measurements for articular cartilage assessment

In the present work we introduced two MRI rotating frame relaxation methods, namely adiabatic T1ρ and Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field (RAFF), along with an inversion-prepared Magnetization Transfer (MT) protocol for assessment of articular cartilage. Given the inherent sensitivity of rotating frame relaxation methods to slow molecular motions that are relevant in cartilage, we hypothesized that adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF would have higher sensitivity to articular cartilage degradation as compared to laboratory frame T2 and MT. To test this hypothesis, a proteoglycan depletion model was used. Relaxation time measurements were performed at 0 and 48h in 10 bovine patellar specimens, 5 of which were treated with trypsin and 5 untreated controls were stored under identical conditions in isotonic saline for 48h. Relaxation times measured at 48h were longer than those measured at 0h in both groups. The changes in T2 and MT relaxation times after 48h were approximately 3 times larger in the trypsin treated specimens as compared to the untreated group, whereas increases of adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF were 4 to 5 fold larger. Overall, these findings demonstrate a higher sensitivity of adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF to the trypsin-induced changes in bovine patellar cartilage as compared to the commonly used T2 and MT. Since adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF are advantageous for human applications as compared to standard continuous-wave T1ρ methods, adiabatic T1ρ and RAFF are promising tools for assessing cartilage degradation in clinical settings.
Self-reported physical activity validated by pedometer: a pilot study.

Objective: The objective was to validate self-reported physical activity based on a daily activity record (DAR) with concurrent pedometer and 7-day physical activity-recall questionnaire data. Design: The design was a one-group descriptive correlational study. Sample: The sample consisted of 25 working women with a mean age of 39.8 years, 92% Caucasian, and 63% with a combined family income of $60,000 or greater. Measurements: Three instruments: (a) DAR, a self-reported record of moderate or higher intensity physical activities including household, exercise, leisure, and occupational. Metabolic equivalent unit (MET) scores were calculated from the self-report data, (b) 7-day physical activity recall, and (3) Yamax pedometers (SW-701) measured number of steps. Results: MET scores based on the DAR (n = 22) were strongly associated with both pedometer data (Spearman's rho = 0.607, p = 0.003) and 7-day physical activity-recall data (Spearman's rho = 0.542, p = 0.009). Conclusion: The results of this validation study indicated a statistically significant correlation of self-reported physical activity (DAR) with pedometer values and 7-day physical activity-recall data. The DAR may be useful for measuring physical activity in community health programs and in community-based research.
Word-of-Mouth Effects in Professional Services Buyer Behaviour

(1994). Word-of-Mouth Effects in Professional Services Buyer Behaviour. The Service Industries Journal: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 301-314.
Photon decay in a strong magnetic field in heavy-ion collisions

We calculate the photon pair production rate in a strong magnetic field created in off-central heavy-ion collisions. Photon decay leads to depletion of the photon yield by a few percent at RHIC and by as much as 20% at the LHC. It also generates a substantial azimuthal asymmetry (``elliptic flow'') of the final photon distribution. We estimate ${v}_{2}\ensuremath{\approx}2$% at RHIC and ${v}_{2}\ensuremath{\approx}14$% at LHC. Photon decay measurements is an important tool for studying the magnetic fields in early stages of heavy-ion collisions.
Diffraction from tapered resistive junctions

Resistive sheets are often used for radar-cross section reduction by providing a transition from a metal edge to free space. In this work, the authors present an exact TM (transverse magnetic) diffraction coefficient for a joint formed by two abutting tapered resistive sheets whose resistivity is zero at the junction but increases linearly away from it. The procedure used for the derivation of the diffraction coefficient is similar to that employed by S.-I. Yang et al. (1988). This leads to a result which is only applicable to linearly tapered sheets and TM incidence. Thus, for TE (transverse electric) incidence and junctions formed by quadratically tapered half planes, the authors resort to an approximate solution based on physical optics (PO) approximation. The derived rigorous analytical and PO diffraction coefficients are compared with numerical data generated from an appropriately chosen finite structure which simulates the junction in the infinite plane. On the basis of the generated numerical data, the authors validate the rigorous TM diffraction coefficient and determine the accuracy of the PO diffraction coefficients. >
Improved stability of contact resistance of low melting point alloy incorporated isotropically conductive adhesives

With the driving force of "green" revolution in the electronics industry, tremendous efforts have been made in pursuing lead-free alternatives. Although lately lead-free alloys have drawn a lot of attention, their technical weaknesses, such as high processing temperature, poor wetting and high surface tension, limit their applications on the thermally sensitive, flexible, nonsolderable substrates and the ultra-fine pitch size flip chip interconnection. Conventional isotropically conductive adhesives (ICAs) have been used widely in surface mount and die-attach technologies for electrical interconnection and heat dissipation. The low temperature processing of ICAs is one of the major advantages over lead-free solders, which brings a low system stress, simple manufacture process and the like. In order to enhance the contact resistance of ICAs, the low melting point alloy (LMA) incorporating technology has been developed by our group. In this paper, LMA fusing methods were studied, since nonfused LMA in ICAs after a curing process can adversely affect the physical property and contact resistance stability. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for the basic examination of depleting rate of LMAs in the typical ICAs. The cross-sectional morphology, LMA distribution and intermetallic compound were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, contact resistance for the ICA formulation incorporated with LMAs under elevated temperature and humidity was evaluated.
Tackling HIV In India: Evidence-Based Priority Setting And Programming

In the wake of a downward revision of the number of HIV-infected people, India is launching an ambitious US$2.5 billion, five-year HIV plan. Responding to new data on HIV prevalence and risk behavior, India has earmarked almost 70 percent of the budget for prevention; one-third focuses on prevention activities for those at highest risk of HIV, and the remainder addresses HIV testing expansion and services for pregnant women. About 20 percent of the total budget is for care and treatment. Although the size and scope of the proposed HIV response pose challenges, the world has much to learn from India’s data-informed approach to policy and priority setting.
A Process for Managing Risks in Distributed Teams

Today, many software projects are geographically distributed, so software managers must know how to manage distributed teams. For example, they need to know how to build teams across sites, how to break down and distribute tasks, how to share knowledge across time, space, and cultural differences, and how to coordinate work to produce coherent outcomes.
EFFECTS OF ACETYLATED MONOGLYCERIDE COATINGS ON PECAN KERNEL SHELF-LIFE

Pecan kernels, coated with hot dip applications of acetylated monoglycerides and acetylated monoglycerides containing legally acceptable quantities of antioxidants, were evaluated over 24 wk of accelerated storage for changes in color and peroxidation of the indigenous oils. Both types of coatings showed significant effects on the degree of color changes occurring as determined from Hunter AE values. However, it appears that these differences were due to a masking of the red-brown coloration that developed rather than a retardation of the color development. The coatings did not have a significant effect on the amounts of anthocyanidins and phlobaphenes formed when compared to untreated kernels. Peroxidation of the oils in the kernels was retarded by both types of coatings, but differences were not significant until after the oils were oxidized to levels that would have been detectable subjectively. Differences among varieties in susceptibility to color changes and peroxidation of the kernels appeared to be more influential to storage stability than the application of monoglyceride coatings.
Problems of the Norwegian Church in the Eleventh Century

In Viking times the Northmen recognized several important sea routes, one of which, “the North Way,” was of such significance that it gave its name to a kingdom. The ships that sailed this route followed the west coast of the great Scandinavian peninsula northward and northeastward for a distance of one thousand miles to the land's end in the Arctic. Out toward the sea the fairway is flanked by an almost continuous series of islands, large and small, numbering perhaps one hundred and fifty thousand. Many of these are inhabited. On the other side rises the Norwegian plateau, a massive wall of ancient rock, which in many places descends abruptly to the water's edge. The wall is not continuous, for all along the coast the sea, thrusting forth its mighty arms, has carved out a maze of deep inlets, some of which run far into the land. The longest of these, the Sogn Fjord, has a length of nearly one hundred and forty miles.
Entry region mass transfer in turbulent pipe flow

A general treatment is presented for mass transfer in turbulent pipe flow with special emphasis on the mass transfer entry region and the role of interfacial velocity on the rate of mass transfer. This study includes numerical solutions of the convective diffusion equation with an entering fully developed flow. Solutions for constant properties and a constant wall boundary condition are presented over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, Schmidt numbers, and aspect ratios. An expression was developed for predicting the entry region mass transfer coefficient in both gaseous and liquid systems at ordinary fluxes with negligible interfacial velocities and at small aspect ratios. The proposed equation for a binary system is Experimental concentration profiles have been reported on the vaporization of acetone into a turbulent air stream within a short cylindrical test section. Data are also reported on concentration measurements in an air-carbon dioxide gaseous mixture with a large interfacial velocity at the inner surface of a porous pipe test section. The numerical solutions of the diffusion convection equation have been compared with the experimental data in the mass transfer entry region, and a pronounced effect of the interfacial velocity on the mass transfer coefficient was found.
Kirchoff Law Markov Fields for Analog Circuit Design

Three contributions to developing an algorithm for assisting engineers in designing analog circuits are provided in this paper. First, a method for representing highly nonlinear and noncontinuous analog circuits using Kirchoff current law potential functions within the context of a Markov field is described. Second, a relatively efficient algorithm for optimizing the Markov field objective function is briefly described and the convergence proof is briefly sketched. And third, empirical results illustrating the strengths and limitations of the approach are provided within the context of a JFET transistor design problem. The proposed algorithm generated a set of circuit components for the JFET circuit model that accurately generated the desired characteristic curves.
Western Gray Whales Off Sakhalin Island, Russia: A Joint Russia-U.S. Scientific Investigation July-September 2003

∗National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, California 92037 USA †Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka, 683000 RUSSIA ‡National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, California 92037 USA ∗∗Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka, 683000 RUSSIA ††Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka, 683000 RUSSIA ‡‡National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, California 92037 USA §National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla, California 92037 USA This paper is posted at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska Lincoln.
Measuring Poverty at the State Level

This study implements the modern poverty measure for Minnesota using the American Community Survey (ACS) and simulates the potential effects of alternative safety net policies on poverty. The analysis uses the TRIM microsimulation model to correct for survey underreporting and to add information required for this poverty measure, including near-cash benefits, taxes and nondiscretionary expenses. The alternative simulations apply new program rules and behavioral assumptions to recalculate family resources and poverty. The results show the importance of the modern poverty measure for analyzing state policies and also highlight the numerous decisions and imputations required to implement the new measure.
Study of NiO-CoO and Co3O4-Ni3O4 Solid Solutions in Multiphase Ni-Co-O Systems

It is well-known that NiO−CoO solid solutions can easily be formed. However, the formation of Ni3O4−Co3O4 solid solutions has not been recognized. In this article, it is reported that, whereas the calcination of a Ni(NO3)2 and Co(NO3)2 mixture with a 1:1 molar ratio at a high temperature above 800 °C generated a NiO−CoO solid solution, only a Ni3O4−Co3O4 solid solution was observed after calcination at a low temperature of 500 °C. Furthermore, if the calcination was carried out in an intermediate temperature range from 600 to 700 °C, both NiO−CoO and Ni3O4−Co3O4 solid solutions could be formed. This occurred because Co3O4 can induce the formation of Ni3O4, whereas NiO can stabilize CoO. In addition, the lattice parameter of Ni3O4 was predicted using Vegard’s law to be 8.2054 A.
Development and Flight Testing of a UAV with Inflatable-Rigidizable Wings

The present paper provides a snapshot of current work on developing and flying UAVs with inflatable-rigidizable wings. The BIG BLUE (Baseline Inflatable Glider BalloonLaunched Unmanned Experiment) project at the University of Kentucky funded under a NASA Workforce Development Grant has a primary objective of promoting aerospace careers to undergraduate students. The goal of the project is to flight-test a high-altitude aircraft with inflatable-rigidizable wings to determine concept feasibility for a Mars explorer mission. The wings are stowed in the fuselage, inflate during ascent, and rigidize with exposure to UV light. The vehicle will descend as a glider using tail control. Ease of manufacturing is the primary design constraint in choosing the wing profile and planform. Results from combined XFoil and ANSYS analyses on multiple profiles are presented. Low altitude flight tests using the inflatable-rigidizable wings is discussed, as well as a high altitude wing deployment test.
Characterization of apical cell membrane Na+ and K+ conductances of cortical collecting duct using microelectrode techniques

The apical cell membrane ionic conductive properties of the isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting duct (tubule) were assessed at 37 degrees C using microelectrode techniques. In the initial evaluation of the methodology, it was observed that stable cell membrane voltage recordings could be obtained by impaling cells either from the luminal side across the apical cell membrane or from the bath side across the basolateral cell membrane, providing initial evidence supporting the application of these techniques to this tissue. With the latter method of impalement, it was observed that addition of amiloride (50 microM) to the luminal perfusate caused a hyperpolarization of the apical cell membrane voltage, a decrease in the transepithelial conductance, and an increase in the fractional resistance (estimated as the ratio of the resistance of the apical cell membrane to the sum of apical and basolateral cell membrane resistances). These results are consistent with an amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductance at the apical cell border. In a similar manner it was deduced from the effects of elevating K+ in the luminal perfusate from 5 to either 25 or 50 mM that there was a high K+ conductance at the apical border. This conductive pathway was blocked by the luminal addition of 5 mM Ba2+ or reduction of the luminal pH to 4.0. Furthermore, since addition of both amiloride and Ba2+ to the perfusate caused the fractional resistance to increase from 0.52 +/- 0.04 to 0.91 +/- 0.03, the Na+ and K+ conductances are the apparent dominant conductive pathways at that border. It is concluded that microelectrode techniques can be applied successfully to the cortical collecting duct and that the apical cell membrane possesses an amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductance and a Ba2+- and H+-sensitive K+ conductance.
Pitfalls of the Rosen Anti-Incontinence Prosthesis

AbstractThere were 17 male patients with urinary incontinence who underwent insertion of the Rosen anti-incontinence prosthesis. Of the 17 patients 9 (53 per cent) have a functioning prosthesis, 4 (23.5 per cent) have a non-functioning prosthesis and are awaiting replacement and 4 (23.5 per cent) have had the prosthesis removed. The longevity of the prosthesis is unknown, with our longest functioning prosthesis at 26 months.
Stress gastric bleeding. Prevention of experimental lesions by intravenous hyperalimentation.

Rats, weighing 125-150 gm., were restrained under a tight wire screen for one hour at 20degrees C and another hour at 4degrees C of ambient temperature. Animals receiving no infusions, or those receiving an intravenous solution of normal saline, developed 16 +/- 3 S.D. bleeding areas in their gastric mucosa. In contrast, in animals exposed to the same degree of stress who received intravenous hyperalimentation, the number of gastric stress bleeding areas counted was 4 +/- 2 S.D. These results demonstrate that the delivery of calories and protein in the form if intravenous hyperalimentation can significantly reduce the incidence of gastric stress bleeding in an experimental model (P less than .001).
Introduction to in vivo allergy testing.

Available in vivo skin tests for assessment of hyperreactivity are essentially similar in principle, in that they rely on the reactivity and sensitivity of dermal mast cells sensitized with specific immunoglobulin E to reflect allergic sensitivity. In this article the immunology of skin testing is examined and the various factors that may influence reactivity are noted. In addition, the respective benefits and drawbacks of such familiar epicutaneous skin tests as the scratch and prick tests and intradermal (or intracutaneous) methods, including skin end point titration, are explored. Efforts to standardize testing technology are also discussed. It is concluded that each method of in vivo skin testing is associated with both advantages and disadvantages and that the most important factors are sensitivity and reproducibility.
Age discrimination: Potential for adverse impact and differential prediction related to age

Abstract The proportion of workers in their 50s, 60s, and 70s is larger than ever before. Current workforce trends indicate global increases in retirement ages and that many individuals are working until later ages than in decades past, and older people are applying for jobs and at later ages. Research to date on age discrimination in selection has focused primarily on disparate treatment or intentional discrimination. However, based on accumulated knowledge about age-related changes in cognitive and physical abilities as well as changes in personality and work motivation across the life course, we suggest that more attention be paid to the possibility of age-based subgroup differences on selection procedures, manifested as adverse impact and differential prediction. We provide recommendations to guide future human resource management research and practice.
Motivational Interviewing: A Promising Practice for Refugee Resettlement

ABSTRACTMotivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based clinical approach that aims to develop a working alliance between practitioner and client in order to engage a reluctant or involuntary client. This Practice Corner presents a conceptual foundation for the potential utility of Motivational Interviewing in enhancing practice outcomes with resettled refugees. The spirit, principles, skills, and evidence base of Motivational Interviewing are reviewed, and rationales for applying this approach with refugees are presented. Finally, implications for future research are proposed.
A Flipped Classroom Approach to Teaching Concurrency and Parallelism

Concurrency and parallelism are difficult concepts for computer science students, even those who are experienced programmers. The traditional teaching approach of lecturing and giving assignments to be done outside of class can leave students frustrated and unable to complete assignments successfully. The flipped classroom approach promotes collaborative learning during class meetings, with the goal of leading to a clearer understanding of concurrency and parallelism concepts and increased ability to apply and synthesize the knowledge. Outcomes-based assessment has shown improvement over the traditional lecture approach.
Rotating colloids in rotating magnetic fields: Dipolar relaxation and hydrodynamic coupling.

Video microscopy (VM) experiments and Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations were used to measure and model superparamagnetic colloidal particles in rotating magnetic fields for interaction energies on the order of the thermal energy, $\mathit{kT}$. Results from experiments and simulations were compared for isolated particle rotation, particle rotation within doublets, doublet rotation, and separation within doublets vs field rotation frequency. Agreement between VM and BD results was obtained at all frequencies and amplitudes only by including exact two-body hydrodynamic interactions and relevant relaxation times of magnetic dipoles. Frequency-dependent particle forces and torques cause doublets to rotate at low frequencies via dipolar interactions and at high frequencies via hydrodynamic translation-rotation coupling. By matching measurements and simulations for a range of conditions, our findings unambiguously demonstrate the quantitative forms of dipolar and hydrodynamic interactions necessary to capture nonequilibrium, steady-state dynamics of Brownian colloids in magnetic fields.
SEASONAL VARIATION IN IN-PATIENT MORTALITY, COST OF HOSPITALIZATION AND LENGTH OF STAY IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Background: We sought to evaluate seasonal variation in hospitalization outcomes including in-patient mortality, cost of hospitalization and length of stay in heart failure patients in the United States. Methods: This study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Agency for
LSTM-Based Memory Profiling for Predicting Data Attacks in Distributed Big Data Systems

With the increase in sensitivity of data, big data clusters are a primary target for attackers. Most attack prevention and detection methods concentrate on network level analysis. In this paper, we propose a run-time profiling method to predict the memory usage of datanodes that can help in taking necessary actions in advance when there is a data attack in the big data cluster. Our proposed method relies on replication property of big data, models memory mappings as four-dimensional time series data and applies LSTM recurrent neural networks for prediction the memory usage. There are two steps in our proposed method: (1) Local Analysis where an LSTM (Long short-term memory) cell of a datanode predicts its memory usage, and (2) Consensus among replica datanodes regarding any abnormal behavior. We present the results of our proposed method by testing it on Hadoop MapReduce examples and show that our proposed method can successfully predict memory usage of a datanode with an error rate in the range 8-20 for inputs in the range 150-8000.