cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRES: probabilistic replay with execution sketching on multiprocessors

Bug reproduction is critically important for diagnosing a production-run failure. Unfortunately, reproducing a concurrency bug on multi-processors (e.g., multi-core) is challenging. Previous techniques either incur large overhead or require new non-trivial hardware extensions.This paper proposes a novel technique called PRES (probabilistic replay via execution sketching) to help reproduce concurrency bugs on multi-processors. It relaxes the past (perhaps idealistic) objective of "reproducing the bug on the first replay attempt" to significantly lower production-run recording overhead. This is achieved by (1) recording only partial execution information (referred to as "sketches") during the production run, and (2) relying on an intelligent replayer during diagnosis time (when performance is less critical) to systematically explore the unrecorded non-deterministic space and reproduce the bug. With only partial information, our replayer may require more than one coordinated replay run to reproduce a bug. However, after a bug is reproduced once, PRES can reproduce it every time.We implemented PRES along with five different execution sketching mechanisms. We evaluated them with 11 representative applications, including 4 servers, 3 desktop/client applications, and 4 scientific/graphics applications, with 13 real-world concurrency bugs of different types, including atomicity violations, order violations and deadlocks. PRES (with synchronization or system call sketching) significantly lowered the production-run recording overhead of previous approaches (by up to 4416 times), while still reproducing most tested bugs in fewer than 10 replay attempts. Moreover, PRES scaled well with the number of processors; PRES's feedback generation from unsuccessful replays is critical in bug reproduction.
Nanosecond timescale optical inhomogeneous broadening of dye molecules in liquids at and near room temperature

Abstract Time-resolved fluorescence depolarization measurements of the S 0 S 1 electronic absorption band of rhodamine B in glycerol and propylene glycol have been made at different excitation wavelengths. It was found that electronic excitation transport between the rhodamine B chromophores is dispersive in glycerol at room temperature and in propylene glycol below 250 K. This demonstrates inhomogeneous broadening of the dye absorption spectrum which persists for the time scale of the fluorescence lifetime (nanoseconds) or longer. Measurements of time-resolved emission spectra at a number of different excitation wavelengths and temperatures support this conclusion and suggest that the chromophore—solvent microenvironments causing inhomogeneous broadening are the same as those responsible for the dynamics Stokes shift about an excited chromophore.
Two-dimensional carbon semiconductor: Density functional theory calculations

We show that patterned defects can be used to disrupt the sublattice symmetry of graphene so as to open up a band gap. This way of modifying graphene's electronic structure does not rely on external agencies, the addition of new elements or special boundaries. The method is used to predict a planar, low energy, graphene allotrope with a band gap of 1.2 eV. This defect engineering also allows semiconducting ribbons of carbon to be fabricated within graphene. Linear arrangements of defects lead to naturally embedded ribbons of the semiconducting material in graphene, offering the prospect of two-dimensional circuit logic composed entirely of carbon.
Changes in perceived weight discrimination among Americans, 1995-1996 through 2004-2006.

Objective: Little is known about the prevalence and patterns of weight discrimination in the United States. This study examined the trends in perceived weight/height discrimination among a nationally representative sample of adults aged 35–74 years, comparing experiences of discrimination based on race, age, and gender. Methods and Procedures: Data were from the two waves of the National Survey of Midlife Developmentin the United States (MIDUS), a survey of community-based English-speaking adults initially in 1995–1996 and a follow-up in 2004– 2006. Reported experiences of weight/height discrimination included a variety of settings in major lifetime events and interpersonal relationships. Results: The prevalence of weight/height discrimination increased from 7% in 1995–1996 to 12% in 2004–2006, affecting all population groups but the elderly. This growth is unlikely to be explained by changes in obesity rates. Discussion: Weight/height discrimination is highly prevalent in American society and increasing at disturbing rates. Its prevalence is relatively close to reported rates of race and age discrimination, but virtually no legal or social sanctions against weight discrimination exist.
In Search of Sustainable Land Use and Food Security in the Arid Hillside Regions of Central America: Putting the Horse Before the Cart

This article is based on a 2003 case study of the Special Program for Food Security in two dry, upland regions of Honduras and Nicaragua. In particular the research sought to identify factors influencing farmers’ interest in various “best practices” being promoted as alternatives to the use of fire in cropping and ranching systems. The economic feasibility and/or affordability of several of these practices are questionable in light of most farmers’ priorities, risk concerns, or limited resources. The technical feasibility of several of the practices is unclear, at least in the marginal agroecological environments in which most of the farmers in these regions operate. The study highlights the weaknesses of agricultural development initiatives designed without a sufficient understanding of existing agricultural strategies and their purposes. It also reveals the limitations of technological approaches to problems of food insecurity and land degradation, and the need for broader, more integrated rural development strategies. The findings support critiques regarding the biases of many development professionals that may prevent them from giving sufficient attention to local knowledge and perspectives.
Constructivism and non‐western science education research

In this paper it is argued that science education research and curriculum development efforts in non‐western countries can benefit by adopting a constructivist view of science and science learning. The past efforts at transferring curricula from the West, and local development projects that result in curricula only marginally different from western curricula, stem from an acultural view of science. These efforts also ground science learning in concepts of logical thinking rather than understanding. The resulting level of science learning, however, has not met expectations. Constructivism offers a very different view of science and science learning. It assumes that logical thinking is an inherently human quality regardless of culture, and instead focuses attention on the processes of interpretation that lead to understanding. Constructivism leads on to expect that students in different cultures will have somewhat different perspectives on science. Science education research should inform curriculum project...
The Impact Of Sales Changes On Agribusiness Payrolls

Agribusiness firms face substantial market risk associated with variations in farm production, output and input prices, exchange rates, and other factors. Some of the risk faced by agribusiness is passed through to the employees of the firm and to the communities where the firms are located, as employment levels are changed in response to these variations. An econometric analysis of the transmission of sales changes into payroll changes was performed for a sample of Georgia agribusiness firms. Transmission elasticities were found to be affected by firm type, size, age, and by the degree of use of part-time employees.
Huntingtin in health and disease

After linkage of the Huntington disease (HD) gene was found in 1983, it took ten years of work by an international group to identify the mutation in the gene interesting transcript 15 (IT15) that causes the disease (1, 2). HD is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease that becomes manifest in midlife and causes progressive motor, psychiatric, and cognitive dysfunction. It is invariably terminal. HD symptoms can begin as early as 2 years or as late as 90 years, although the average age of onset is in the late 30s and early 40s. If a child inherits the gene from his or her father, a phenomenon called anticipation frequently occurs, whereby the child’s age of onset is lower than the father’s (3). The IT15 gene is composed of 67 exons and encodes a protein of 3,144 amino acids, called huntingtin (2). Exon 1 contains a CAG trinucleotide repeat that encodes the amino acid glutamine, followed by another repeat that encodes proline. In unaffected individuals, there are 10‐34 CAG repeats. In those affected by HD, there are more than 40 repeats. In those with 35‐39 repeats, the disease is variably penetrant (3‐5). The age of onset of the disease varies inversely with the number of CAG repeats. Individuals with juvenile onset usually have over 55 repeats, and they usually inherit the gene from their father. Men occasionally have expanded repeats in their sperm (6). The expansion is thought to occur via slippage during the DNA replication process. Wild-type huntingtin Huntingtin contains a few domains that suggest particular functions, including WW domains and caspase cleavage sites (7, 8), but the function of the protein remains unknown. Huntingtin is expressed in the cytoplasm of most cells in the body. In the brain, expression is found predominantly in neurons (2, 9‐11). Within the cell, the protein is associated with
Secure wireless location services

Wireless Internet access is becoming increasingly pervasive, and likewise it is increasingly expected to use this Internet access while "on the go." In such a scenario where both the service and the users are no longer constrained by simple physical boundaries, there needs to be a secure means of determining the location of the users and using this information for purposes such as security or other location- based services which add value to the network. This paper proposes an architecture for such a secure location service and evaluates its feasibility and effectiveness and compares existing unsecure architectures.
Some Properties of Iterative Square-Rooting Methods Using High-Speed Multiplication

With the increasing availability of high-speed multiplication units in large computers it is attractive to develop an iterative procedure to compute division and square root, using multiplication as the primary operation. In this paper, we present three new methods of performing square rooting rapidly which utilize multiplication and no division. Each algorithm is considered for convergence rate, efficiency, and implementation. The most typical and efficient one of the already-known algorithms which utilizes multiplication, here called the N algorithm, is introduced for the purpose of comparison with the new algorithms. The effect and importance of the initial approximation is considered. (One of the algorithms, here called the G algorithm, is described in detail with the emphasis on its high efficiency.)
Functional Differentiation Signals Mediated by Distinct Regions of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) regulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophilic progenitor cells through interaction with its cytokine. Exposure of WEHI-3B D+ myelomonocytic leukemia and myeloid LGM-1 cells overexpressing the G-CSFR to G-CSF resulted in induction of differentiation as measured by (1) the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), (2) the expression of Mac-I antigen, and (3) the expression of FcgammaII/III receptor. Mutational analyses indicated that distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain were critical for efficient induction of each functional marker. The membrane proximal region containing homology sequences of boxes 1 and 2 was important for the activation of all three functional markers of mature neutrophils. Induction of the capacities to express Mac-I antigen or FcgammaII/III receptor also required additional sequences in the membrane proximal region between amino acids 70 and 100 and may be dependent on the phosphorylation of Tyr703. The findings suggest that distinct sequences within the amino-terminal region of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor are sufficient to induce these functional markers of differentiation, and receptor tyrosine phosphorylation may be necessary.
You have said things you should not have said

This article is focused on a series of texts written in and about Haiti and circulated throughout the literary and cyber spaces of the global ‘First World’. It takes as its point of departure Edwidge Danticat’s intervention into a ‘post-earthquake’ debate among women researchers and journalists regarding the representation of Haiti and, especially, women living in the tent cities. The article considers the geo-political borders that circumscribe the bodies and the voices of the most marginalized. Tracing the path from the actual to the fictional and back, this article moves from a real-world controversy around the particular, involuntarily public trauma of one Haitian rape survivor to a consideration of the ethics of storytelling in a hierarchically raced and gendered world.
Line parameters including temperature dependences of air- and self-broadened line shapes of 12C16O2: 2.06-μm region

Abstract This study reports the results from analyzing a number of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra in the 2.06-μm spectral region for pure CO2 and mixtures of CO2 in dry air. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares curve fitting technique has been used to retrieve the various spectral line parameters. The dataset includes 27 spectra: ten pure CO2, two 99% 13C-enriched CO2 and fifteen spectra of mixtures of 12C-enriched CO2 in dry air. The spectra were recorded at various gas sample temperatures between 170 and 297 K. The absorption path lengths range from 0.347 to 49 m. The sample pressures for the pure CO2 spectra varied from 1.1 to 594 Torr; for the two 13CO2 spectra the pressures were ∼10 and 146 Torr. For the air-broadened spectra, the pressures of the gas mixtures varied between 200 and 711 Torr with CO2 volume mixing ratios ranging from 0.014% to 0.203%. The multispectrum fitting technique was applied to fit simultaneously all these spectra to retrieve consistent set of line positions, intensities, and line shape parameters including their temperature dependences; for this, the Voigt line shape was modified to include line mixing (via the relaxation matrix formalism) and quadratic speed dependence. The new results are compared to select published values, including recent ab initio calculations. These results are required to retrieve the column averaged dry air mole fraction (XCO2) from space-based observations, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite mission that NASA launched in July 2014.
Surgical and Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair for Severe Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: A Review of Clinical Indications and Patient Assessment.

Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) is an increasingly common disorder affecting nearly 10% of the US population aged >75 years and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the setting of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure symptoms. Mitral valve repair or
"Relationships, Relational Identification, Personal Identification: Similar yet Distinct Constructs?"

Organizations are fundamentally social structures that are largely formed and experienced through interpersonal relationships, making research on relationships both central and critical to our unde...
The difference in stiffness of the active plantarflexors between young and elderly human females

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the difference in the intrinsic stiffness of the active plantarflexor muscles between young and elderly human females, and to determine changes in this stiffness associated with a 6-week strengthening exercise program. Intrinsic muscle stiffness was determined by measuring the resistance in the first 62 milliseconds offered by the muscle to multiple single stretch trials at 20% to 60% of maximal isometric contraction. Stiffnesses were related to pre-stretch torque (K/PST) by a linear fit. The K/PST relationship of the elderly subjects exhibited a steeper slope, indicating a greater increase in stiffness with an increase in pre-stretch torque. The effect of testing subjects at identical relative, but different absolute pre-stretch torque levels precluded definitive conclusions on possible stiffness differences between the age groups. After the strengthening exercise program, the plantarflexors showed an increase in maximum produced torque, and a decrease in stiffness as well as a decrease in the slope of the K/PST relationship.
Laser Treatment of Nongenital Verrucae: A Systematic Review

Importance Although cutaneous warts are common lesions, full remission is not always achieved with conventional therapies. Laser modalities including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG), pulsed dye (PDL), and Nd:YAG have been investigated as alternative treatments for warts. Objective To review the use and efficacy of lasers for treating nongenital cutaneous warts. Evidence Review Published randomized clinical trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case series, and case reports involving laser treatment of nongenital warts were retrieved by searching PubMed with no date limits. Quality ratings of studies were based on a modified version of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scheme for rating individual studies. A higher emphasis was placed on RCTs and prospective cohort studies with large sample sizes and detailed methodology. Findings There were 35 studies published between 1989 and 2015 that comprised an aggregate of 2149 patients. Simple and recalcitrant nongenital warts treated with lasers show variable response rates (CO 2 laser, 50%-100%; Er:YAG laser, 72%-100%; PDL, 47%-100%; and Nd:YAG laser, 46%-100%). Current RCTs suggest that PDL is equivalent to conventional therapies such as cryotherapy and cantharidin. Combination therapies with lasers and other agents including bleomycin, salicylic acid, and light-emitting diode have shown some success. Conclusions and Relevance Lasers can be an effective treatment option for both simple and recalcitrant warts. The lasers most studied for this purpose are CO 2 , PDL, and Nd:YAG, and of these, PDL has the fewest adverse effects. Currently, use of lasers for wart treatment is limited by lack of established treatment guidelines. Future studies are needed to compare laser modalities with each other and with nonlaser treatment options, and to establish optimal treatment protocols.
Synergistic effect in lean NOx reduction by CH4 over Co/Al2O3 and H-zeolite catalysts

Abstract In the reduction of NO by CH 4 in the presence of a large excess of oxygen, the conversion to N 2 over a physical mixture of Co/Al 2 O 3 and H-zeolite catalysts was found to be twice as high as that expected if these components acted independently. This synergistic effect was observed with both H-ZSM-5 and H-USY. By comparing the activities of these catalysts for NO oxidation and CH 4 reduction of NO 2 , it was concluded that the synergistic effect could be explained by the participation of Co ions and proton sites in the reaction. NO is oxidized to NO 2 over the Co ions, and NO 2 is reduced by CH 4 to N 2 over the proton sites.
cos (4 φ ) azimuthal anisotropy in small-x DIS dijet production beyond the leading power TMD limit

We determine the first correction to the quadrupole operator in high-energy QCD beyond the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) limit of Weizs\"acker-Williams and linearly polarized gluon distributions. These functions give rise to isotropic, respectively, $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{cos}2\ensuremath{\phi}$ angular distributions in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) dijet production. On the other hand, the correction produces a $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{cos}4\ensuremath{\phi}$ angular dependence which is suppressed by one additional power of the dijet transverse momentum scale (squared) ${P}^{2}$.
Calibrating the Next Generation: Mothers, Early Life Experiences, and Reproductive Development

In the spirit of illuminating the invisible, this chapter examines how early life experiences shape a biological sensitivity to context. The biological embedding of early life experiences is an exciting new area of research that lends itself to integrated systems thinking. Indeed, this body of research demands an integration of social inequality, ecological theory, and the cellular unfolding of development from conception to old age. The emphasis for this chapter is the role of early life experiences, particularly undernutrition and stress, in guiding the development of reproductive function. This chapter pulls together these data to examine the bridge to global public health by briefly reviewing some promising new research that documents how economic and dietary transitions across the globe shape early life biology.
Chapter 21 – Knowledge Potential and Utility

Chapter Summary In this chapter, we enhance and extend the quantitative theory of knowledge. It emphasizes the truism that academic knowledge is acquired over a time by process of learning from faculty and staff at the colleges and universities. A formal model of student environment from high schools to various levels of universities granting doctoral degrees training is assumed in this research. In this chapter, we also include the effects of learning in postsecondary schools and in post-doctoral institutions. The net effect is that most human beings continue to learn but to varying degrees depending on the characteristic of the student/employee, the faculty attitude to teaching/job environment, and the duration of such interactive process. The proposed model allows for desirable growth of individuals who reward the society in a beneficial way. This is the primary reason for the development of the model. However, the same model is also applicable for those who live to hurt and destroy social values. The Mafia schools and warring nations train their terrorists and offer them all the lethal tools of hurt and destruction. The systematic decay of human civilizations appears as scientific to the negative thinkers as the science would appear attractive to the civilized societies. The portrait of different forms of life is thus tracked as a mathematical approximation based on statistics and norms drawn from the society itself. The model is predictive and becomes a good leading indicator of where living and learning can take any individual over a given period. Different scenarios of student personalities who learn to earn, those who learn to learn, and those who love to learn are presented in conjunction with the faculty personality who teach to earn, who teach to educate, who love to teach, are examined to gauge the knowledge potential gained by the learners from postsecondary training centers to postdoctoral centers advanced research and social contributions.
How we diagnose and treat systemic mastocytosis in adults

Rapid advances in the understanding of the molecular biology, data from translational and clinical trials, and retrospective analyses has influenced the diagnosis and treatment of systemic mastocytosis (SM). Many options have existed for the symptomatic management of SM patients, but recent evolution in regards to the molecular underpinnings of this disease and our ability to distinguish clonal mastocytosis from mast cell activation syndrome has changed our treatment paradigm and opened new opportunities for understanding genetic risk, transformation to mast cell leukaemia, and treatment choices. Key to this change has been the discovery of the KIT mutation and the use of next generation sequencing to evaluate for co-existing molecular mutations that may define the disease course. Careful diagnosis, judicious symptom management and close surveillance of those who may have yet undiagnosed disease is paramount in providing optimal management. In this article, we review the diagnosis and provide a paradigm for the management of SM patients.
Synthesis and in vitro receptor binding studies of fluorotamoxifen analogues.

We describe the synthesis of new fluorotamoxifen analogues with the fluorine atom positioned on the end of the aliphatic chain of tamoxifen. The binding of fluorotamoxifens to cytosol estrogen receptors of rat uteri was determined with [3H]estradiol (5 nM). The fluorotamoxifens had similar or superior binding affinities compared with tamoxifen. The IC50 value was as follows: tamoxifen, 5 × 10−7M; fluorotamoxifen (VII), 5 × 10−7M; N,N-diethylfluorotamoxifen (IV)—cis, 1 × 10−6M, and trans, 2 × 10−7M; and (cis) fluoromethyl-N,N-diethyltamoxifen (VI) 1 × 10−7M. Therefore, the fluorinated tamoxifens have potential use in imaging estrogen receptors by PET.
50 Years of computer architecture: From the mainframe CPU to the domain-specific tpu and the open RISC-V instruction set

IBM had four incompatible computer lines. Each had its own unique instruction-set architecture (ISA); I/O system; system software (assemblers, compilers, libraries); and market niches (business, scientific, real time). IBM engineers bet that they could invent a single ISA that would work for customers of all four lines. Moreover, the same program would run correctly on any implementation of that ISA, though at different speed and cost. That vision required a new way to build computers that would be binary compatible from the cheapest 8-bit model to the fastest 64-bit version.
Krazy: George Herriman, a life in black and white

With Krazy: George Herriman, A Life in Black and White, author Michael Tisserand provides a long overdue biography of one of the giants in the field of comics. George Herriman is considered by some...
Medical Treatment Of Osteoporosis

A number of therapies are currently available for the treatment of osteoporosis, including agents that inhibit bone resorption (calcium, estrogen, etc.) or stimulate bone formation (sodium fluoride, etc.). Osteoporosis is a treatable disease.
Feature Mapping And Feature Recognition In Geometric Design Generation

Abstract The current article presents a framework that allows a designer to create a design with preset geometric forms or features called C-loops and allows the designer to modify the shapes of these forms as needed. An underlying grammar maps the geometry generated after every modified step to a higher-level set of features. Subsequent to the flexible design-by-features step, a feature recognition step identifies domain-specific features. These features may subsequently used to perform manufacturability analysis of a given design.
Computational Sequence Analysis of the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Family

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family regulates extracellular matrix turnover and tissue remodeling by forming tight-binding inhibitory complexes with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs and TIMPs have been implicated in many normal and pathological processes, such as morphogenesis, development, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. This minireview provides information that would aid in classification of the TIMP family and in understanding the similarities and differences among TIMP members according to the physical data, primary structure, and homology values. Calculations of molecular weight, isoelectric point values, and molar extinction coefficients are reported. This study also compares sequence similarities and differences among the TIMP members through calculations of homology within their individual loop regions and the mature region of the molecule. Lastly, this report examines structure–function relationships of TIMPs. Thorough knowledge of TIMP primary and tertiary structure would facilitate the uncovering of the molecular mechanisms underlying metalloproteinase, inhibitory activities and biological functions of TIMPs.
Photointerpretation analysis of plant communities in Lake Ontario wetlands following 65 years of lake-level regulation

Abstract Regulation of Lake Ontario water levels since the St. Lawrence Seaway began operation in the early 1960s reduced the range of lake-level fluctuations and resulted in alteration of wetland plant communities, especially invasion of sedge/grass meadow marsh by cattails. A new regulation plan was implemented in January 2017 that seeks to restore some of the natural range in lake levels to benefit the environment. An adaptive management process accompanied the new Plan 2014, requiring before-after data for evaluation. Aerial photographs from 2014/2015 were obtained from existing sources for 16 wetlands previously assessed from 2001 photographs, and photointerpretation was used to re-map the vegetation types from the earlier study. The updated data set provides further information on wetland response to lake-level regulation. Overall, area of Meadow Marsh decreased from 2001 to 2014/2015 in most wetlands. In some cases, losses were due to increased Cattail abundance and in others to Mixed Emergent abundance. Although area of Cattail did increase at half the sites, expansion landward into Meadow Marsh was likely limited to an upper elevation with drier soils that had not been flooded for at least 15 years. Waterward expansion of Cattail was slow because it occurs by formation of vegetatively-expanding floating mats. The updated data set can now serve as a baseline for future adaptive management evaluations, including response to extreme high lake levels in 2017 and future low lake levels that Plan 2014 should allow during periods of low water supply.
El discurso de Carmen Clemente Travieso a la luz de las nociones de ideología y los enfoques feministas actuales sobre la comunicación

Carmen Clemente Travieso (Caracas, 1900- 1983) was the first journalist woman in Venezuela, and is considered by many as the predecessor of the feminist movement in her country. This study focuses on fragments of six of her articles, written between 1936 and 1939. The main objective was to determine which approach to feminism better characterizes this journalist’s discourse. Four different approaches were compared: the “deficit approach”, the “dominance approach”, the “difference approach” and the “dynamic approach”. After careful analysis it is fair to conclude that Clemente Travieso’s discourse can be best explained within the framework of the dynamic approach. I support my appreciation on two facts: 1) she does not encourage women to imitate men but to liberate themselves from their own prejudices in order to become their equal, and 2) she considers men as victims of the “outdated” and “deformed” morals of Venezuela at that time. The second purpose of this work is to determine the ways in which van Dijk’s (2008) socio-cognitive criteria apply to the ideology reflected in Clemente Travieso’s texts.
Copper as an essential and exotic Hopewell metal

Abstract Copper was the most important metal used by Hopewell societies in the Scioto Valley of southern Ohio, USA ca. 1–400 CE. Here we interpret our mass spectrometry analysis on the largest known sample of classified Hopewell copper artifacts within the general theoretical frame of the new animism. We argue that the actors participating in the social networks that brought copper to Ohio Hopewell societies understood and creatively maintained multiple kinds of links to this material, and we especially highlight the association of large copper objects with the Isle Royale and Michipicoten sources in the Lake Superior basin. We further suggest that southern Appalachian copper and Great Lakes copper were part of different kinds of extra-regional social networks with implications for interpreting the range of potential Hopewell relations in the Midwestern USA.
Hybrid.Poly: A Consolidated Interactive Analytical Polystore System

Anecdotal evidence suggests the Variety of Big data is one of the most challenging problems in Computer Science research today [1]. First, Big data arrives from a myriad of data sources, hence its shape and flavor differ. Second, hundreds of different Big data management systems support different APIs, storage/indexing schemes, and expose data to the users through their data model lens, each specific to their own system. All of these offer a significant impediment for Big data users who just want an easy to use interface to all relevant data regardless of its shape, format, size, and a back-end system used to store it. Naturally, these differences also complicate development of any analytical algorithms on top of large-scale, heterogeneous datasets. Here we describe HYBRID.POLY- a consolidated in-memory polystore engine [2], designed to support heterogeneous large-scale data and interactively process complex analytical work-loads. We execute and evaluate several popular analytical work-loads including Data Fusion, Machine Learning, and Music search at scale
Directions for Directors

When a client proudly announces that he has been named director of a prominent local corporation or financial institution, a red warning light ought to go on. Heartily congratulate the client on this distinction, then ask, "Are you aware of the responsibilities and liabilities of a director?" If he is not, the following directions may be of assistance.
Influence of Setback Distance on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Runoff and Soil Following the Land Application of Swine Manure Slurry

The environmental spread of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from the land application of livestock wastes can be a potential public health threat. The objective of this study was...
Chapter 18 – Physicochemistry of Polyelectrolyte Coatings that Increase Stability, Mobility, and Contaminant Specificity of Reactive Nanoparticles Used for Groundwater Remediation

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that the novel reactive nanomaterials offer the potential for efficient targeted delivery of remedial agents to subsurface contaminants such as chlorinated solvents and heavy metals. The primary challenge to their application is to overcome rapid aggregation and deposition of these nanomaterials in water-saturated porous media, and to improve the efficiency by increasing the specificity of the nanoparticles for specific subsurface contaminants. The amphiphilic nature of some coatings provides the particles specificity for the dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)/water interface; whereas other coatings use ligands to specifically sequester heavy metals or hydrophobic nanoparticles to selectively adsorb very hydrophobic organic contaminants. This chapter describes the state-of-the art in polymeric surface modification for reactive nanoparticles used for in situ groundwater remediation, explains the fundamental physieochemical processes by which polyelectrolyte surface modification and functionalization inhibit aggregation and deposition, and increases mobility in the subsurface. It also describes the methods used for targeting specific subsurface contaminants.
Human cytomegalovirus utilizes extracellular vesicles to enhance virus spread

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) manipulates cellular processes associated with secretory pathways within an infected cell to facilitate efficient viral replication. However, little is known about how HCMV infection alters the surrounding cellular environment to promote virus spread to uninfected cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key signaling molecules that are commonly altered in numerous disease states. Previous reports have shown that viruses commonly alter EVs, which can significantly impact infection. This study finds that HCMV modulates EV biogenesis machinery through upregulation of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. This regulation appears to increase the activity of EV biogenesis, since HCMV-infected fibroblasts have increased vesicle release and altered vesicle size compared to EVs from uninfected cells. EVs generated through ESCRT-independent pathways are also beneficial to virus spread in fibroblasts, as treatment with the EV inhibitor GW4869 slowed the efficiency of HCMV spread. Importantly, the transfer of EVs purified from HCMV-infected cells enhanced virus spread. This suggests that HCMV modulates the EV pathway to transfer proviral signals to uninfected cells that prime the cellular environment for incoming infection and enhance the efficiency of virus spread.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that leads to serious health consequences in neonatal or immunocompromised patients. Clinical management of infection in these at-risk groups remains a serious concern even with approved antiviral therapies available. It is necessary to increase our understanding of the cellular changes that occur during infection and their importance to virus spread. This may help to identify new targets during infection that will lead to the development of novel treatment strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important method of intercellular communication in the human host. This study finds that HCMV manipulates this pathway to increase the efficiency of virus spread to uninfected cells. This finding defines a new layer of host manipulation induced by HCMV infection that leads to enhanced virus spread.
Controlling Flow Separation on a Thick Airfoil Using Backward Traveling Waves

Large-eddy simulations (LESs) of low-Reynolds-number flow (Re=50,000) over a NACA0018 airfoil are performed to investigate flow control at the stall angle of attack (15 deg) by low-amplitude surfac...
Don't Go it Alone: Firm Survival, Funding, & the Influence of Entrepreneurial Support Organizations

This paper finds a positive association between participation with entrepreneurial support organizations (ESO) and start-ups’ receipt of funding and survival. Findings suggest start-ups most benefi...
Sorghum Panicle Detection and Counting Using Unmanned Aerial System Images and Deep Learning.

Machine learning and computer vision technologies based on high-resolution imagery acquired using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide a potential for accurate and efficient high-throughput plant phenotyping. In this study, we developed a sorghum panicle detection and counting pipeline using UAS images based on an integration of image segmentation and a convolutional neural networks (CNN) model. A UAS with an RGB camera was used to acquire images (2.7 mm resolution) at 10-m height in a research field with 120 small plots. A set of 1,000 images were randomly selected, and a mask was developed for each by manually delineating sorghum panicles. These images and their corresponding masks were randomly divided into 10 training datasets, each with a different number of images and masks, ranging from 100 to 1,000 with an interval of 100. A U-Net CNN model was built using these training datasets. The sorghum panicles were detected and counted by a predicted mask through the algorithm. The algorithm was implemented using Python with the Tensorflow library for the deep learning procedure and the OpenCV library for the process of sorghum panicle counting. Results showed the accuracy had a general increasing trend with the number of training images. The algorithm performed the best with 1,000 training images, with an accuracy of 95.5% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.5. The results indicate that the integration of image segmentation and the U-Net CNN model is an accurate and robust method for sorghum panicle counting and offers an opportunity for enhanced sorghum breeding efficiency and accurate yield estimation.
The Limits of Philosophy

Philosophy’s mission is to answer “the big questions” regarding man’s place in the world’s scheme of things. The first requisite here is accordingly forming a world view—a picture of nature’s nature and man’s place on its stage.
Observing Carbon & Oxygen Carriers in Protoplanetary Disks at Mid-infrared Wavelengths.

Infrared observations probe the warm gas in the inner regions of planet-forming disks around young sun-like, T Tauri stars. In these systems, H$_2$O, OH, CO, CO$_2$, C$_2$H$_2$, and HCN have been widely observed. However, the potentially abundant carbon carrier CH$_4$ remains largely unconstrained. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be able to characterize mid-infrared fluxes of CH$_4$ along with several other carriers of carbon and oxygen. In anticipation of the JWST mission, we model the physical and chemical structure of a T Tauri disk to predict the abundances and mid-infrared fluxes of observable molecules. A range of compositional scenarios are explored involving the destruction of refractory carbon materials and alterations to the total elemental (volatile and refractory) C/O ratio. Photon-driven chemistry in the inner disk surface layers largely destroys the initial carbon and oxygen carriers. This causes models with the same physical structure and C/O ratio to have similar steady state surface compositions, regardless of the initial chemical abundances. Initial disk compositions are better preserved in the shielded inner disk midplane. The degree of similarity between the surface and midplane compositions in the inner disk will depend on the characteristics of vertical mixing at these radii. Our modeled fluxes of observable molecules respond sensitively to changes in the disk gas temperature, inner radius, and the total elemental C/O ratio. As a result, mid-infrared observations of disks will be useful probes of these fundamental disk parameters, including the C/O ratio, which can be compared to values determined for planetary atmospheres.
Perceptions of Support Among Transgender and Gender-Expansive Adolescents and Their Parents.

Abstract Purpose To capture and compare the perspectives of parents and their transgender and gender expansive (TGE) adolescents during pivotal moments of gender identity development and to report the level of adjustment during these parental experiences. Methods We utilized a mixed-methods approach and interviewed 36 parents and 23 TGE adolescents at our Gender Clinic. Parents retrospectively identified “pivotal moments” in their child’s gender identity development and rated their levels of support and adjustment. Adolescents independently rated their parent’s level of support during these moments to allow for comparative analyses. Results The supportive behavior most frequently identified by parents was connecting the adolescent to services, while adolescents considered their parents’ use of the affirmed name or pronouns to be most supportive. We found a positive correlation between the parents’ perceptions of support and those of TGE adolescents during pivotal moments (r = 0.4, p Conclusions Providers may use these findings to guide parents toward gender affirmative behaviors that may protect against negative mental health outcomes.
Resident Outcomes and Perspectives Over 2 Years of a New Scholarship Curriculum.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Scholarship is recognized as a challenge in many family medicine residency programs. Among evaluations of scholarship curricula, few describe resident experiences of such interventions. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we measured resident confidence, satisfaction, and participation before and after implementing a new scholarship curriculum. METHODS: The redesigned curriculum included a structured project timeline, resident research in progress meetings, faculty mentorship, scholarly skills workshops, and mentored journal clubs. We conducted a curriculum evaluation via surveys of residents prior to implementation and after years 1 and 2, measuring satisfaction with the scholarly environment and opportunities, and confidence and participation in specific scholarly activities using Likert scales from 1 (least confidence) to 5. RESULTS: Compared to baseline (n=28), after 2 years (n=27) of the curriculum, residents reported increased mean confidence in critical appraisal of scientific articles (2.6±1.1 to 3.3±0.7, P=.007), carrying out a scholarly project (2.5±0.8 to 3.4±1.0, P=.005), and writing an abstract (3.0±0.8 to 3.8±0.7, P=.002). As compared to the first year, more residents in the second year participated in quality improvement projects (7.1% vs 29.6%, P=.031) and wrote conference abstracts (10.7% vs 37.0%, P=.022). Over the same period, those very satisfied with the scholarly environment increased from 0 (0%) to 8 (29.6%, P=.017). The June 2020 survey identified increased interest in scholarship because of the antiracism movement (51.9%) and COVID-19 pandemic (40.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a redesigned scholarship curriculum was associated with increases in family medicine resident scholarship confidence and satisfaction.
Multidimensional spectroscopy of magneto-excitons at high magnetic fields.

We perform two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy on magneto-excitons in GaAs at magnetic fields and observe Zeeman splitting of the excitons. The Zeeman components are clearly resolved as separate peaks due to the two-dimensional nature of the spectra, leading to a more accurate measurement of the Zeeman splitting and the Lande g factors. Quantum coherent coupling between Zeeman components is observed using polarization dependent one-quantum two-dimensional spectroscopy. We use two-quantum two-dimensional spectroscopy to investigate higher four-particle correlations at high magnetic fields and reveal the role of the Zeeman splitting on the two-quantum transitions. The experimental two-dimensional spectra are simulated using the optical Bloch equations, where many-body effects are included phenomenologically.
Responsibility for Climate Change, By the Numbers

This paper examines the data on responsibility for climate change due to past emissions. It addresses two aspects of responsibility. First it shows that the data present a mixed picture. By some measures, developed or wealthy countries are responsible for most past emissions while on other means, responsibility is spread widely with poor countries responsible for a majority of emissions. The differences in the measurements are due two factors: whether the data uses a comprehensive measure of emissions and the extent to which the data is aggregated into regions. The more comprehensive the measure and the less aggregation, the more that poor countries are responsible for past emissions. Second, it examines how theories of responsibility apply to the data. The most well developed theories of responsibility that impose an obligation on injurer to make a payment to victims are the theories underlying tort law. The paper shows that standard fault-based tort theories cannot be used to support climate change obligations. Instead, the theory would have to rely on strict liability, give up on the normally required connection between injurer and victim, and accept undesirable distributive consequences. Moreover, it would not be a basis for ongoing obligations to reduce emissions because relative emissions of nations will change over time. Instead, were such a theory of obligation to be sustainable, it could only be used to support a one-time payment for harm.
Scales of Cybergeography

The transition to a digitally based information technology is having profound effects on the role and significance of spatial scale. Four variations are presented on this theme: the need for new metrics of scale that are appropriate for digital representations of geographic information; the implications of such metrics for the sharing of geographic information through the Internet; the emergence of new scales in the production of geographic information; and arguments for and against the disappearence of spatial structure, and thus scale, in the organization of human activities. The last variation is explored with specific attention to spatial structure in the storage of geographically referenced information.