cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Droplet Writing – A Novel Droplet-punching Capillary-splitting 3D Printing Method for Highly Viscous Materials

Abstract The drop-on-demand (DOD) based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods can fabricate an object with a high level of accuracy and shape complexity using multiple materials. However, a key limitation of the DOD approaches such as ink jetting is only the inks with low viscosity can be used. Such low-viscosity restriction severely limits the material options for the DOD-based 3D printing methods. To address the viscosity issue, we have developed a novel drop-on-demand 3D printing method called direct droplet writing (DDW) for highly viscous material. One main idea of the DDW process is to use direct droplet-punching to enable the printing of materials that may have a viscosity over 190,000 mPa·s; and another main idea of the DDW process is to use capillary-splitting to avoid common issues of various ink-jetting approaches, including splashing, droplet deflection, and satellite droplets. The DDW process can reliably fabricate 3D structures using a wide range of materials that are challenging for the jetting-based and extrusion-based methods. Analytical models to characterize the DDW process are presented. A set of test cases have been conducted using the in-house developed prototype system to characterize the relationship between droplet size and process parameters such as droplet punching speed and dispensing gap. Various materials, including high-loading photocurable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ink and polyurethane (PU) leather ink, were successfully used in the DDW process. In addition to a much broader range of 3D printable materials, the DDW process is robust, without ink clogging or leaking, and can achieve consistent printing results using digitally controlled droplets.
Effects of Streamside Buffers on Stream Temperatures Associated With Forest Management and Harvesting Using DHSVM-RBM; South Fork Caspar Creek, California

Forest harvesting has been shown to effect water quantity and water quality parameters, highlighting the need for comprehensive forest practice rules. Being able to understand and predict these impacts on stream temperature is especially critical where federally threatened or endangered fish species are located. The goal of this research was to predict responses in stream temperature to potential riparian and forest harvest treatments in a maritime, mountainous environment. The Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) and River Basin Model (RBM) were calibrated to measured streamflow and stream temperatures in the South Fork of the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds during critical summer periods when temperatures are highest and flows are low for hydrologic years 2010-2016. The modeling scenarios evaluated were (1) varying percentages of stream buffer canopy cover, (2) a harvest plan involving incrementally reduced stand densities in gauged sub-watersheds and (3) an experimental design converting dominant riparian vegetation along set reaches. The model predicted a noticeable rise in stream temperatures beginning when stream buffer canopy cover was reduced to 25 and 0% retention levels. Larger increases in Maximum Weekly Maximum Temperatures (MWMT), compared to Maximum Weekly Average Temperatures (MWAT), occurred across all scenarios. There was essentially no difference in MWAT or MWMT between altering buffers along only fish bearing (Class I) watercourses and altering buffers along all watercourses. For the scenario with stream buffers at 0% retention, MWMTs consistently rose above recommended thermal limits for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Predictions when clearcutting the entire watershed showed less of an effect than simulations with 0% buffer retention, suggesting groundwater inflows mitigate stream temperature rises in the South Fork. The harvest simulation showed a small but consistent increase in MWATs (avg. 0.11 C), and more varied increases in MWMTs (avg. 0.32 C). Sensitivity analyses suggest potentially unrealistic tracking of downstream temperatures, making the vegetation conversion simulations inconclusive. Additional sensitivity analyses suggest tree height and monthly extinction coefficient (a function of leaf area index) were most influential on temperatures in the South Fork, which was consistent with other modeling studies suggesting management focus on tall, dense buffers compared to wider buffer widths.
Suicide attempts among college students hospitalized for COVID-19.

Abstract Background Suicide is the second leading cause of death among U.S. college students. Past pandemics have been linked to increases in suicide risk, but little is known about how suicide risk relates to COVID-19 symptoms or hospitalizations. Methods We analyzed data from the Fall cohort of the 2020-2021 Healthy Minds Study, a cross-sectional, web-based survey of undergraduate and graduate students in the U.S. (N = 16,315). Logistic regression was used to test for associations between COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and symptoms severity, and suicide-related outcomes. Results Suicidal ideation was reported by n = 2190 (13.4%), plans by n = 885 (5.4%), and attempts by n = 209 (1.3%). The prevalence of each suicide-related outcome measure was greater among those reporting COVID-19 symptoms/diagnosis and among those with greater COVID-19 symptom severity, with a drastically greater prevalence of suicide attempts among those who were hospitalized for COVID-19, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 9.43 (3.87-22.95). Among respondents with suicidal ideation, 53.8% of those hospitalized for COVID-19 also made a suicide attempt, compared to 8.9% of non-infected respondents with past-year ideation. Limitations Limitations include the use of cross-sectional data and retrospective self-report measures, which may be subject to recall biases. The response rate was low but typical of online surveys conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions Hospitalization for COVID-19 may be an underestimated risk factor for suicide attempts. While mechanisms remain unclear, these data suggest that college students hospitalized for COVID should be screened for suicidal thoughts and behaviors subsequent to discharge, particularly if they have pre-existing suicidal ideation.
Stress Among Older Adults With an Incarcerated Family Member: Testing the Buffering Model of Social Support.

OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether levels of social support moderate the association between age and stress among a sample of individuals who have a family member incarcerated. METHODS Survey responses from individuals who are members of a nonprofit organization for individuals with a family member incarcerated in Texas were used (n = 376). Ordinary least squares regression analysis was conducted to assess the interaction between age and levels of social support on stress. RESULTS Findings demonstrated a negative interaction between social support and age (b = -0.040, p = .027), indicating that higher levels of social support buffer against stress for older adults. DISCUSSION The theoretical mechanisms linking social support to reductions in stress among older individuals experiencing highly stressful life events (i.e., familial incarceration), as well as the policy and practical implications for enhancing social support among older individuals with a family member incarcerated, are discussed.
A dual-role electrolyte additive for simultaneous polysulfide shuttle inhibition and redox mediation in sulfur batteries

In Li–S batteries, the insulating nature of sulfur and Li2S causes enormous challenges, such as high polarization and low active material utilization. The nucleation of the solid discharge product, Li2S, during the discharge cycle, and the activation of Li2S in the subsequent charge cycle, cause a potential challenge that needs to be overcome. Moreover, the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfide intermediate species results in active material loss and early capacity fade. In this study, we have used thiourea as an electrolyte additive and showed that it serves as both a redox mediator to overcome the Li2S activation energy barrier and a shuttle inhibitor to mitigate the notorious polysulfide shuttling via the investigation of thiourea redox activity, shuttle current measurements and study of Li2S activation. The steady-state shuttle current of the Li–S battery shows a 6-fold drop when 0.02 M thiourea is added to the standard electrolyte. Moreover, by adding thiourea, the charge plateau for the first cycle of the Li2S based cathodes shifts from 3.5 V (standard ether electrolyte) to 2.5 V (with 0.2 M thiourea). Using this additive, the capacity of the Li–S battery stabilizes at ∼839 mA h g−1 after 5 cycles and remains stable over 700 cycles with a low capacity decay rate of 0.025% per cycle, a tremendous improvement compared to the reference battery that retains only ∼350 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles. In the end, to demonstrate the practical and broad applicability of thiourea in overcoming sulfur-battery challenges and in eliminating the need for complex electrode design, we study two additional battery systems – lithium metal-free cells with a graphite anode and Li2S cathode, and Li–S cells with simple slurry-based cathodes fabricated via blending commercial carbon black/S and a binder. We believe that this study manifests the advantages of redox active electrolyte additives to overcome several bottlenecks in the Li–S battery field.
Organic photovoltaic devices with concurrent solar energy harvesting and charge storage capability

Due to large variation of the solar energy availability in a day, energy storage is required in many applications when solar cells are used. However, application of external energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, increases the cost of solar energy systems and requires additional charging circuitry. This combination is bulky and relatively expensive, which is not ideal for many applications. In this work, a novel idea is presented for making electrochemical devices with dual properties of solar energy harvesting and internal charge storage. The device is essentially a supercapacitor with a photoactive electrode. Energy harvesting occurs through light absorption at one of the electrodes made of a composite of a conducting polymer (i.e. PEDOT:PSS) and a Porphyrin dye. The energy storage takes place in the both photoactive and counter electrode (CE). We have studied the effect of the CE material on the device characteristics. Using Y-Carbon (a commercial available electrode), an open circuit voltage of 0.49 V was achieved in light across the cell with ~1 mF capacitance. The other two choices for CE were activated carbon and carbon nanotube based electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the Y Carbon electrode was a better match.
Sumner, William Graham

William G. Sumner was born October 30, 1840 in Paterson, New Jersey, and graduated from Yale College (now Yale University) in 1863. Keywords: ethnocentrism; sociology
Alternative Representations of Classical Functions

Having characterized and classified the various types of fading channels and modulation/detection combinations that can be communicated over these channels, the next logical consideration is evaluation of the average error probability performance of the receivers of such signals. Before moving on in the next part of the book to a description of these receivers and the details of their performance on the generalized fading channel, we divert our attention to developing a set of mathematical tools that will unify and greatly simplify these evaluations. The key to such a unified approach is the development of alternative representations of several mathematical functions, the most classical of which are the Gaussian Q -function and the Marcum Q -function, which characterize the error probability performance of digital signals communicated over the AWGN channel in a form that is analytically more desirable for the fading channel.
Preclinical antitumor activity of 4′-thio-β -d- arabinofuranosylcytosine (4′-thio-ara-C)

4′-Thio-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (4′-thio-ara-C), which has shown significant cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor lines, was evaluated for antitumor activity against a spectrum of human tumor systems in mice. Antitumor activity was evaluated in 15 subcutaneously implanted human tumor xenografts. 4′-Thio-ara-C was administered intraperitoneally using either q1d×9 (daily treatment for nine consecutive days) or q4h×3/q1d×9 (three treatments each day separated by 4-h intervals for nine consecutive days). 4′-Thio-ara-C exhibited an excellent spectrum of activity. Treatment with the compound was curative against HCT-116 colon, SW-620 colon, NCI-H23 NSCL, and CAKI-1 renal tumors and resulted in partial/complete regressions in the DLD-1 colon, NCI-H522 NSCL, DU-145 prostate, and PANC-1 pancreatic tumor models. Tumor stasis was noted for HT29 colon and NCI-H460 NSCL tumors. Tumor inhibition was observed for A549 NSCL, PC-3 prostate, LNCAP prostate, and MDA-MB-435 breast tumors. Of the 15 tumors examined, only CFPAC-1 pancreatic was unresponsive to the compound. In contrast, 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine was minimally active at best against CAKI-1 renal, HCT-116 colon, NCI-H460 NSCL, and SW-620 colon tumors. Schedule- and route-dependency studies were conducted using the NCI-H460 NSCL tumor. The activity of 4′-thio-ara-C was independent of schedule when comparing q2d×5 (every other day for five treatments), q1d×9, and q4h×3/q1d×9 treatment schedules. 4′-Thio-ara-C was equally effective by the intravenous and intraperitoneal routes of administration, with the oral route being less efficacious. On the basis of these results, 4′-thio-ara-C appears to have a profile distinct from other nucleoside antitumor agents and is being advanced to clinical trials.
Effect of 4He on the surface scattering of 3He.

We describe and compare the results of two investigations in which the boundary condition for $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ was altered by the addition of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, which is preferentially confined to the surfaces by virtue of its smaller zero-point motion. In the first experiment, carried out in normal $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, we observed an increase of specularity in the slip between $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and the polished silicon substrate at a coverage consistent with the onset of superfluidity in the surface $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ layer. The second experiment was performed on superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ confined within the pores of sintered silver. By coating the surfaces with $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, we observed a partial restoration of the superfluid fraction and transition temperature, which had been reduced below bulk by finite-size effects. This effect is due to a change from diffuse to specular boundary scattering. We found that the specularity induced by the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ was destroyed upon the application of a pressure sufficient to solidify the surface $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, confirming the role of surface superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ on specular scattering.
Towards an optimal bit-reversal permutation program

The speed of many computations is limited not by the number of arithmetic operations but by the time it takes to move and rearrange data in the increasingly complicated memory hierarchies of modern computers. Array transpose and the bit-reversal permutation-trivial operations on a RAM-present non-trivial problems, when designing highly-tuned scientific library functions, particular for the Fast Fourier Transform. We prove a precise bound for RoCol, a simple pebble-type game that is relevant to implementing these permutations. We use RoCol to give lower bounds on the amount of memory traffic in a computer with four-levels of memory (registers, cache, TLB, and memory), taking into account such "messy" features as block moves and set-associative caches. The insights from this analysis lead to a bit-reversal algorithm whose performance is close to the theoretical minimum. Experiments show that it performs significantly better than every program in a comprehensive study of 30 published algorithms.
Promoting School Students’ Physical Activity: A Social Ecological Perspective

Guided by a social ecological perspective, the aim of this study was to investigate the predictive strength of individual (barrier self-efficacy), social environmental (support from parents, friends, physical education teachers), and physical environmental variables (equipment accessibility, neighborhood safety) toward physical activity among school students. Participants were 285 students enrolled in a suburban public school. Hierarchical linear regression analysis highlighted the influence of self-efficacy, social support from parents, friends, physical education teachers, and accessible equipment on students’ physical activity. The findings indicated that physical educators and health promoters need to consider multiple factors as they design effective interventions to promote physical activity and prevent physical inactivity among school students. This study also supported the use of a social ecological perspective to investigate students’ physical activity.
Genomic characterization of a broiler reovirus field strain detected in Pennsylvania.

Abstract Avian reovirus (ARV) infections have been increasingly diagnosed in Pennsylvania (PA) from 2011 to the present time. A field ARV strain (Reo/PA/Broiler/05682/12) isolated from sick broilers suffered from severe arthritis/tenosynovitis of a PA broiler flock was conducted full genome sequence studies using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The complete genome of the PA broiler ARV field strain was 23,494 bp in length with an approximately 50% G+C content and 10 dsRNA segments encoding 12 viral proteins. The 10 genomic segments were ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1) in length, which were almost identical to those of published reference strains. The amino acid (aa) alignments of the putative proteins encoded by the ORF in each segment revealed a high similarity to the counterpart proteins encoded by other avian orthoreoviruses in the Orthoreovirus genus, particularly with the reference strain AVS-B (89.4–98.9%). The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of all 10 genome segments of the PA broiler ARV revealed that a moderate to significant nucleotide sequence divergence from sequences of cognate genome segments of reference ARV S1133 and 138 strains. These genomic data demonstrate that this PA broiler ARV field strain is a unique tenosynovitis ARV and is different from the traditional ARV vaccine strains.
Moderation of Resource Depletion in the Self-Control Strength Model: Differing Effects of Two Modes of Self-Control

The current study examined the effects of good and poor control and changes in blood glucose following self-control depletion on task persistence. Good self-control attenuated the effect of depletion on task persistence. Poor control exerted a main effect; however, there were no significant interactions between poor control and self-control depletion. In addition, the association between depletion and task persistence was partially mediated by decreases in blood glucose. Task persistence in the experimental, but not control, condition was correlated with several risk behaviors. These correlations provide support for the external validity of the laboratory experiment. The differential effects of good and poor control support a two-mode model of self-control. The interaction between the depletion manipulation and good self-control suggests that associations between good self-control and behavior may be due, in part, to good self-control reducing the effects of self-control demands on behavior.
Lack of correlation between membrane lipid composition and thermotolerance in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract Membrane composition and fluidity, and survival of Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts have been examined following various thermal exposures. It has been found that enhanced thermal resistance following brief exposure to 43°C is not accompanied by detectable membrane lipid alterations. This is in contrast to membrane alterations that occur following adaptation to elevated temperatures compatible with growth (39°C and 41°C).
Enzymatic degradation of diazinon by rat liver microsomes

A method was developed to study the in vitro metabolism of diazinon by rat liver preparations. Preliminary results showed that diazinon is rapidly degraded into diethyl phosphorothioic and diethyl phosphoric acids by a rat liver microsomal enzyme system requiring NADPH and oxygen. These findings and the inhibition by carbon monoxide strongly suggest the involvement of cytochrome P450, the carbon monoxide binding pigment. The enzyme system is found to be more active in Tris buffer than in phosphate buffer. Oxidative degradation appears to be the major route of metabolism of diazinon.
The geometry of multivariate object preprocessing

The geometric properties of three common object-preprocessing transformations (constant sum, or closure; constant length, or normalization; and maximum value, or ratioing) are investigated. An argument is made for using absolute values in the constant sum and maximum value transformations. In general, each transformation distorts the shape and dimensionality of patterns in the data: transformed data lie on (C-1)-dimensional surfaces in the original C-dimensional space. A data set that has been closed by one of these transformations can be reopened if a vector containing the constant sums, constant lengths or maximum values of the original objects was retained. Transformed data sets may be freely interconverted among these three transformations without the loss of information.
Toward a molecular biology of memory: the light's coming on!

Transgenic mice with a CREB-dependent reporter gene are used to show that contextual fear conditioning activates CRE-mediated transcription in CA1 of the hippocampus.
Determinants of perceived aggression.

Summary It was hypothesized that similar coercive actions performed by the same actor would result in differential attributions of aggression by observers depending on the instigatory or defensive character of the action. One hundred and forty male and female Ss viewed either live or videotaped scenarios depicting instigatory or responsive (offensive or defensive) use of coercive power (threat or force), or a control condition in which no altercation occurred. In both studies, offensive use of coercion was rated as significantly more aggressive than defensive use of coercion. The actors who used harm-doing coercion defensively were perceived as significantly (p < .05) less aggressive than all other actors with the exception of the actor who used no coercion (p < .10). The results were interpreted within a framework of a coercive power model of interpersonal influence and as consistent with attribution theory.
Relations between multinational firms and host governments: the experience of American-owned firms in China

Abstract A survey of managers of American firms in China indicates that they have been able to maintain good relationships with the Chinese government; this is particularly true for larger firms. Statistical results suggest that government interference in the operations of the subsidiary is generally minimal though it is greater in the case of joint ventures as compared to wholly owned firms. The performance of the subsidiary is influenced by the quality of the relationship with the host government. Implications for managers of foreign firms are discussed.
Intestinal absorption following challenge of immune chicks with Eimeria acervulina.

Summary The absorption of glucose or L‐methionine was measured in vitro in the intestine of broilers challenged with 1 x 106 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina. These broilers had various degrees of immunity resulting from previous inoculation with several dosages of oocysts given one to six times. Unimmunised broilers were also given the challenge inoculation of oocysts. The level of immunity had a marked effect on nutrient absorption post challenge (p.c.). Partially immune birds showed an enhanced absorption at 3 hours p.c. compared with absorption in unchallenged birds. With high levels of immunity, the enhanced absorption at 3 hours p.c. was not seen. A significant malabsorption was seen 6 hours p.c., but absorption returned to normal by 24 hours p.c. The absorption pattern during the first 24 hours in unimmunised control broilers was similar to that in partially immune birds. The degree of immunity was directly related to the protection against malabsorption at 6 days p.c. In solidly immune bir...
Extinction of partially premixed flames

Experimental and numerical studies on extinction of laminar partially premixed flames are carried out. The studies are performed in the counterflow configuration. A premixed fuel-rich mixture of methane (CH 4 ), oxygen (O 2 ), and nitrogen (N 2 ) is injected from one duct while a fuel-lean mixture of CH 4 , O 2 , and N 2 is injected from the other duct. The levels of partial premixing are given by the equivalence ratios φ r of the fuel-rich mixture and φ l of the fuel-lean mixture. Here φ = Y F / ( v Y O 2 ) , where Y F and Y O 2 are, respectively, the mass fractions of fuel and oxygen at the injection planes (exit of the ducts), and ν is the stoichiometric mass ratio of fuel to oxygen. Previous studies have established that the scalar dissipation rate at extinction depends on the stoichiometric mixture fraction, ξ st , and the adiabatic temperature, T st . To clarify the influence of partial premixing on extinction, studies are carried out at fixed values of ξ st and T st . For φ r −1 =0, experiments show that the value of the strain rate at extinction, a q , increases with increasing φ l . For φ l =0, experiments show that the value of the strain rate at extinction, a q , decreases with increasing φ r −1 . Numerical calculations are carried out using a detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism and an one-step chemical-kinetic mechanism. The values of a q calculated using the detailed mechanism are found to agree well with experiments. The values of a q calculated using the one-step mechanism do not agree with experiments. In fact, calculations with the one-step mechanism show the values of a q to decrease with increasing φ l , and increase with increasing φ r −1 . The differences in critical conditions of extinction obtained using the detailed mechanism and the one-step mechanism are attributed to differences in flame structure.
The Time Structure of the Block in Volleyball: A Comparison of Different Step Techniques

(1991). The Time Structure of the Block in Volleyball: A Comparison of Different Step Techniques. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 232-235.
Termination of early gestation with vaginal prostaglandin F2α tablets

The abortifacient activity of prostaglandin F2α was investigated by placing one or two 50 mg tablets of prostaglandin F2α in THAM salt into the vagina of nine women less than 4 weeks pregnant at intervals of 2 to 4 hours for a 24 hour period. Serum levels of HCG, estradiol (E2), progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay prior to starting therapy and at frequent intervals thereafter for 48 hours. All but two patients had significant side-effects, mainly diarrhea and vomiting, indicating that systemic absorption took place. Although bleeding was induced in 8 of 9 women, only 3 had complete abortions. A D&C was performed on all patients 48 hours after starting therapy. A significant fall in HCG levels was noted only in the patients who aborted. Only 3 of the 9 women had significant changes in steroid levels. A fall in progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone occurred in the 3 women who aborted and took place following the fall in HCG. Estradiol levels remained in the same range in all subjects. These findings indicate that prostaglandin F2α when administered in this vehicle and this dosage is relatively ineffective as an abortifacient. When effective, its action would appear to be due to contractions of uterine muscle and not secondarily to luteolysis.
Fear of recurrence impacts health-related quality of life and continued tobacco use in head and neck cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of fear of recurrence (FOR) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and tobacco use among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. METHODS A cross-sectional subset of patients (N = 138) from a large, prospective study of oncologic outcomes in HNC was assessed for FOR, in addition to the parent study's ongoing assessments of HRQOL and tobacco use. FOR was measured using the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory and HNC-specific HRQOL was assessed with the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI). Tobacco use was patient-reported as "Current," "Previous," or "Never." RESULTS After controlling for relevant clinical and demographic variables, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that higher FOR significantly predicted lower HRQOL across all HNCI domains (eating (p < .05), aesthetics (p < .01), speech (p < .01), and social disruption (p = .001)) and increased tobacco use (p < .01). A total of 60.1% of the sample expressed clinically significant levels of FOR. These patients reported lower HRQOL (eating: p < .05, aesthetics: p < .05, social disruption: p < .05) and were more likely to be using tobacco compared with patients with subclinical FOR (26.6% and 4.9%, respectively; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that FOR is prevalent among HNC survivors and is related to decreased HRQOL and increased tobacco use.
How much does industry matter ? An alternative empirical test

Empirical studies using Federal Trade Commission Line of Business data have reported that industry membership explains between 17 percent and 20 percent of financial performance variance among firms. This study attempts to replicate these findings using an alternative sample and a methodology based on executives' perceptions. The results support those reported in previous studies, with industry factors explaining about 20 percent of overall performance variance. Moreover, the analysis produces empirically derived industry factors, and examines their relative power in explaining industry performance variance.
Electronic states near a quantum fluctuating point vortex in a d-wave superconductor: Dirac fermion theory

We introduce a simple model of the low-energy electronic states in the vicinity of a vortex undergoing quantum zero-point motion in a $d$-wave superconductor. The vortex is treated as a point flux tube, carrying $\ensuremath{\pi}$ flux of an auxiliary U(1) gauge field, which executes simple harmonic motion in a pinning potential. The nodal Bogoliubov quasiparticles are represented by Dirac fermions with unit U(1) gauge charge. The energy dependence of the local density of electronic states (LDOS) at the vortex center has no zero bias peak; instead, small satellite features appear, driven by transitions between different vortex eigenmodes. These results are qualitatively consistent with scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of the subgap LDOS in cuprate superconductors. Furthermore, as argued in L. Balents et al., Phys. Rev. B 71, 144508 (2005), the zero-point vortex motion also leads naturally to the observed periodic modulations in the spatial dependence of the subgap LDOS.
Isolation and characterization of vasoformative endothelial cells from the rat aorta

We describe here a modified nonenzymatic method for the isolation of rat aortic endothelial cells with vasoformative properties. Aortic rings placed on plastic or gelatin-coated surfaces generated outgrowths primarily composed of endothelial cells. Prompt removal of aortic explants after endothelial migration minimized fibroblast contamination. However, fibroblasts, because of their high proliferative rate tended to overgrow the endothelial cells even when present in small numbers. This potential pitfall was avoided by weeding out fibroblasts with the rounded tip of a bent glass pipette. Primary endothelial colonies free of fibroblasts were segregated in cloning rings, trypsin-treated, and transferred to gelatin-coated dishes. Endothelial cells were cultured in MCDB 131 growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, endothelial cell growth supplement, and heparin. Using this technique, pure endothelial cell strains were obtained from single aortic rings. Confluent endothelial cells formed a contact-inhibited monolayer with typical cobblestone pattern. The endothelial cells were positive for Factor VIII-related antigen, took up DiI-Ac-LDL, and bound the Griffonia Simplicifolia-isolectin-B4. Endothelial cells cultured on collagen gel formed a polarized monolayer, produced basement membrane, displayed Weibel-Palade bodies and caveolae, and were connected by tight junctions. In addition, they reorganized into a network of microvascular cords and tubes when overlaid with a second layer of collagen and formed microvascular sprouts in response to fibroblast-conditioned medium. This isolation procedure yields stable strains of vasoformative endothelial cells, which can be used to study aortic endothelium-related angiogenesis and its mechanisms.
Radar walk detection in the apartments of elderly

Seniors want to live more independent lifestyles. This comes with some risks including dwindling health and major injuries due to falling. A factor that has been studied and seen to have a correlation to fall risk is change in gait speed. Our goal is to create a passive system that monitors the gait of elderly so that assessments can be given by caregivers if gait changes do occur. This paper will cover a method of using pulse-Doppler radar to detect when walks occur. In unscripted living environments, we are able to detect valid walks. The system does miss walks during the day, but when walks are detected, they are actually valid walks 91.8% of the time using a large data base of radar signals captured in living environments.
On the relation between entropy convergence rates and Baire category

Denoting by G the space of all invertible measure-preserving transformations on the unit interval, we show that the set of all transformations T satisfying the property that for all nontrivial finite measurable partitions α the entropy \({H(\alpha_T^n)}\) of the n-th refinements of α under T converges in the limit superior faster to ∞ than a given sublinear rate an is residual with respect to the weak topology on G. In slight modification of a well known result concerning positive-entropy transformations we also show that the set of all T for which \({H(\alpha_T^n)}\) converges in the limit inferior faster to ∞ than a given nontrivial rate (for all nontrivial α) is of first category in G.
The New Programmes: Decentralized Medical Education in the USA: The WAMI Programme

This article describes an experiment to provide decentralized medical education in Washington, Alaska, Montana and Idaho—four states sharing common problems of health care provision and education of health professionals, including physicians. Evaluation of eight years' experience with the programme shows that the goals are being met. The basic concept of the WAMI programme is applicable to other health disciplines and/or regions with similar geographic, financial, educational and health care challenges.
Demographics of undergraduates studying games in the United States: a comparison of computer science students and the general population

Our study gathered data to serve as a benchmark of demographics of undergraduate students in game degree programs. Due to the high number of programs that are cross-disciplinary with computer science programs or that are housed in computer science departments, the data is presented in comparison to data from computing students (where available) and the US population. Participants included students studying games at four nationally recognized postsecondary institutions. The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference between the ratio of men to women studying in computing programs or in game degree programs, with women being severely underrepresented in both. Women, blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and heterosexuals are underrepresented compared to the US population. Those with moderate and conservative political views and with religious affiliations are underrepresented in the game student population. Participants agree that workforce diversity is important and that their programs are ...
Effect of Satiate or Restricted Feeding on Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas Production in Earthen Ponds

.— This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of satiate or restricted feeding on the growth and production of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas. Golden shiners (1.2 g) stocked at 560 kg/ha in 12,0.04-ha earthen ponds for 79 d grew to average weights of 5.6, 4.6 and 3.8 g for fish fed to satiation, or 75% or 50% of that amount, respectively. Gross yield ranged from 811 to 1,277 kg/ha; net yield did not differ significantly among treatments.
Autoantibodies to topoisomerase I in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus without features of scleroderma

We report a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and anti-dsDNA antibodies whose serum contained autoantibodies specific for the phosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II (RNAP IIO), Su and ribosomal P antigen, as well as anti-topoisomerase I antibodies, a marker for scleroderma (SSc). Over 6 years, the patient exhibited clinical manifestations consistent with SLE without clinical evidence of scleroderma. The reactivity of her serum autoantibodies with the phosphoproteins ribosomal P, topoisomerase I, and RNAP IIO is consistent with recognition of autoepitopes comprised in part of phosphate groups. This may explain the unexpected coexistence of marker autoantibodies for SLE and scleroderma, possibly with implications for the mechanisms of autoantibody generation.
The Category “Religion” in Recent Publications: A Critical Survey

L'A. etudie la categorie de la religion dans les publications recentes. Pour ce faire, il a selectionne dix ouvrages en date du debut des annees 90 et il les analyse conformement a sa problematique initiale. Celle-ci peut se formuler dans les questions suivantes : que prendre en compte comme religion ? Qui peut le decider ? Comment utiliser ce terme dans un occident qui subit l'heritage christianocentrique ? Quel est le role des ecoles qui etudient les religions dans la determination d'une definition de la notion ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles l'A. repond par cette etude
RESIDUAL ANDROGEN BINDING IN TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION (TFM)

Most mutants with genetic androgen-resistance possess some level of androgen binding which exhibits properties of receptors. The present studies aim to determine whether the androgen binding activities in mutants are, or are related to, receptors. This binding portion is termed residual androgen receptors. We have examined several androgen-resistance mutants with testicular feminization (TFM). Putative androgen receptors from mice, rats, and humans with TFM have been compared, and at least three different types of residual receptors have been observed. They are discussed in relation to possible receptor defects and to differences in the nature of androgen-resistance associated with each of them.
Developing treatments for impaired cognition in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating of all common brain disorders, exacting a heavy toll on the afflicted and having a tremendous public health impact. Clinical outcome is more strongly predicted by cognitive deficits than psychotic symptoms, with no established treatment for these deficits. In this review, we discuss the status of treatment development for impaired cognition in schizophrenia. These treatments include a range of pharmacological targets within diverse neurotransmitter systems. New technologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, and psychological therapies, such as computer-based cognitive training, may also benefit cognition in schizophrenia. Each of these approaches shows promise and their integration may optimize benefits for patients in the future.
Microbial Changes in Fermented Peanut and Soybean Pastes Containing Kojis Prepared using Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus

Microbiological profiles of peanut and soybean misos containing 6 and 12% NaCl and kojis prepared with Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus were monitored over a 90-day period of fermentation. Although total plate counts in misos containing R. oligosporus koji fluctuated while counts in misos containing A. oryzae koji remained constant during the fermentation period, the final microbial populations in sixteen test formulae were similar to the initial counts. Mold populations in mists containing two types of kojis declined similarly during fermentation. There was little difference in populations of Saccharomyces rouxii in misos containing the two types of mold kojis during the first month of fermentation; however, higher numbers of S. rouxii were noted in mitis containing R. oligosporus koji compared to those containing A. oryzae koji during later stages of fermentation. The final pH values of misos were similar, even though misos containing A. oryzae koji had a larger magnitude of drop in pH than did misos containing R. oligosporus koji over the 90-day test period.
Sharp upper bounds for the norms of certain bounded operators on lp

We obtain sharp upper bounds for the norms of several bounded operators on lp The purpose of this note is to publicize a technique developed by Bennett [1] for finding a sharp upper bound for the norm of a bounded linear operator on lp for 1≤p≤∞,with nonnegative entries. In [1] Bennett used this technique on the Hilbert matrix. The Rhaly generalized Cesaro matrices [4] are lower triangular matrices with nonzero entries . These matrices are special cases of the lower traingular matrices with entries , where H is an Endl generalized Haus-dorff matrix defined by , a real or complex sequence, Δ the forward difference operator defined by . If H has nonnegative entries then nonnegative and nondecreasing.
A cytological study of the ovary of Rhodnius prolixus. I. The ontogeny of the follicular epithelium.

The relatively undifferentiated cells comprising the prefollicular epithelium of the fourth and fifth instar of the reduvid bug Rhodninus prolixus are flattened and contain the regularly occurring organelles, lipid droplets, and aggregates of glycogen-like particles. These cells transform into the adult prefollicular tissue. During vitellogenesis there is a gradual shortening of the cells of the follicular epithelium and an increase in the size of the intercellular space between them and between follicle cells and oocyte. The follicle cells are binucleate, contain numerous microtubules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, many free and aggregate ribosomes, and Golgi complexes. They are associated with each other by gap junctions. Only the follicle cells on the lateral aspects of the oocyte exhibit the development of large extracellular spaces while those at the apical end, that produces the cap, remain tall and closely apposed to each other during vitellogenesis. The normal morphology of the follicle cells over various areas of the oocyte suggests that shape and/or volume changes of these cell may be important in regulating the access of yolk proteins to the colemma. Subsequent to vitellogenesis the follicle cells become cuboidal and once again become closely apposed to each other. They contain much rough endoplasmic reticulum and produce the secondary coat.
Mobility profile based routing within intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks (ICMAN)

Routing in Intermittently Connected Networks (ICN) is a challenging problem due to the time varying nature of network connectivity. In this work, we focus on a special class of ICN formed by mobile ad hoc users called ICMAN. A recent study of wireless users' mobility traces revealed that users usually move between a small set of socially significant places called "hubs" to form so-called "sociological orbits" [6]. To exploit the knowledge about such mobility profiles, we propose a hub-level routing method, and two versions of user-level routing methods. We compare these approaches with Epidemic routing [21] to highlight the advantages of sociological orbit aware routing within ICMAN in terms of achieving a higher throughput and a lower overhead.
Hemolymph factor in armyworm larvae infected with a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus toxic to Apanteles militaris

Abstract The parasitoid, Apanteles militaris , was killed or failed to pupate when its armyworm host was infected with the hypertrophic strain of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus. Virion-free plasma from diseased larvae killed the parasitoids when injected into uninfected larvae. The toxic factor was partially precipitated from plasma that was 50% saturated with ammonium sulfate and was completely precipitated in 50% ethanol or methanol. Parasitoids in larvae infected with the typical strain of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus seemed unaffected.
Type 1 diabetes: Islet inflammation – the contribution of cytokines and beta cells

Loss of insulin secretory function and ultimately destruction of the beta cells themselves, are prerequisites for transition into the diabetic state. Considerable evidence indicates that the cytotoxic action of proinflammatory cytokines on pancreatic islets in vitro is mediated through intra-beta cell free radical generation. Yet, it is unclear in vivo how these cytokines act to promote beta cell destruction. We propose that in vivo combinations of proinflammatory mediators serve to predispose beta cells for lysis by autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes subsequent to the lesion that initiates the disease.
Organizational boundaries and upward job shifts

Abstract Recent research has examined the role of organizations in the stratification system and the functioning of stratification systems in organizations. In this analysis, we examine the implications of organizational boundaries for upward job changes within and across organizations. To perform our analysis, we utilize a nonstationary, modified Markov model that allows consideration of individual and job heterogeneity. The data are life histories of a sample of U.S. males between the ages of 30 and 39. Our results indicate that organizational boundaries create two kinds of resources: (1) general resources, and (2) organization-specific resources. General resources have a positive effect on upward movement within and across organizational boundaries. Organization-specific resources have a positive effect on upward movement within organizational boundaries, and a negative effect on upward movement across organizational boundaries—a situation of great benefit to organizations.
Preparation and characterization of native, fluorescently labelled brain tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)☆

Abstract Tubulin and Microtubule-Associated Proteins (MAPs) isolated from chick brain by cycles of assembly and disassembly in vitro have been stoichiometrically labelled with the fluorogenic compound fluorescamine. Under the conditions employed, tubulin can be labelled with up to 2 moles of fluorescamine/mole of dimer while the MAPs accept up to 8 moles/mole of protein, assuming an average molecular weight of 300 000 D. After the labelling procedure, both the tubulin and MAPs retain their native conformations as judged by several criteria: ( a ) the labelled proteins remain competent to participate in further rounds of the assembly-disassembly procedure in vitro, and the kinetics of this assembly are identical to those seen with an unlabelled control sample; ( b ) incubation of the fluorescent microtubule proteins with the antimitotic agent vinblastine sulfate results in the formation of birefringent vinblastine-tubulin paracrystals, indicating the binding site for this ligand is unaltered; ( c ) the mobilities of the fluorescent tubulin and MAPs on SDS-polyacrylamide gels are unaltered when compared to the mobilities of the respective unlabelled control proteins. The results are discussed in relation to the use of these fluorescent cytoskeletal proteins as easily detectable biochemical and histochemical probes.