cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In search of an honest butterfly: sexually selected wing coloration and reproductive traits from wild populations of the cabbage white butterfly

Sexual selection is an important and well-studied topic and is central to many theories on mate selection and individual behavior. Relatively little is known about the impacts that human-induced rapid environmental change are having on secondary sexually selected characteristics. In particular, we lack a clear understanding of the effects of the introduction of once-limiting nutrients to wild populations. Honest signals function as an indicator of mate quality when there are differences in nutrient acquisition and allocation to secondary traits. We used the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae (L.), to investigate differences in color and testes size as an index of reproductive potential. We collected individuals from four sites in California and Nevada to capture variation among areas with high and low cropland and potential nitrogen availability. Differences in mean testes size among sites raise the possibility that individuals from sites surrounded by high agricultural areas have smaller testes than individuals from less agriculturally-developed areas. Coloration variables and testes size were positively associated, consistent with the hypothesis that nitrogen-based coloration in the cabbage white is an honest mating signal. However, variation among sites in that relationship suggests complexities that need further exploration, including the possibility that the signal is not of equal value in all populations. Thus these results advance our understanding of complex relationships among human-induced environmental change and sexual selection in the wild.
The Hurricane Lung: A Case of Hydrocarbon Pneumonitis With Abscess Formation Following Fuel Siphoning.

Fuel siphoning is a widespread practice worldwide, but infrequently observed in the United States. Some reports suggest greater incidence of fuel siphoning during the hurricane season. Fuel siphoning is associated with a high risk of hydrocarbon toxicity, often leading to the development of hydrocarbon pneumonitis. This form of exogenous lipoid pneumonia can present acutely with chest pain and dyspnea. While most cases of hydrocarbon pneumonitis resolve spontaneously with supportive care, rarely patients develop life-threatening complications. We present the case of a 56-year-old man who developed hydrocarbon pneumonitis complicated by abscess formation after attempting to siphon fuel from a gasoline tank in preparation for a hurricane.
Receive-beamforming-enhanced Linear Sampling Method imaging

We present a study on the effects of introducing a receive beamforming operation into the Linear Sampling Method (LSM) for electromagnetic imaging of targets. The rationale of applying the beamforming operation is to reduce the dimensionality of the LSM system of equations and thus enable operation using a sparse or limited aspect set of sensors. We present the mathematical formulation of the beamforming-enhanced LSM with two different regularization schemes and provide an imaging demonstration with simulated data.
Variations in the Level of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha (TGFα) mRNA During the Human Menstrual Cycle

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) is a peptide growth factor which is highly homologous to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and shares the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) to affect its action. These growth factors may play a role in the normal physiology of the human reproductive system.
Right bundle branch block following open heart surgery. Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study.

Abstract Preoperative and postoperative electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms were analyzed in patients in whom late conduction delay of the right bundle branch block type developed following open heart surgery for the repair of ventricular septal defects. In the presence of right bundle branch block, the electrocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy is often difficult. Vectorcardiograms are helpful in detecting the right ventricular hypertrophy in these instances. Following successful cardiac repair of the septal or valvular lesions producing right ventricular hypertrophy, there was often a gradual decrease of the height of R or R′ in the right precordial leads in the electrocardiogram, and a gradual shift of the QRSsE loop to the left with eventual reversal of the direction of inscription from clockwise to counterclockwise. A slowly inscribed late portion of the QRSsE loop to the right and anteriorly is the most important criterion for conduction delay of the right bundle branch block type. The possible mechanisms for the appearance of late conduction delay of the right bundle branch block type following cardiac surgery are discussed.
Efficient deterministic parallel algorithms for integer sorting

The main result of this paper is several fastest deterministic algorithms including: •an optimal algorithm which sorts n distinct integers in O(log n) time using O(n/log n) processors on EREW PRAM for the case where the integers are in a range linear in n; •an optimal algorithm which sorts n integers in O(log n/log log n) time using O(n log log n/log n) processors on CRCW PRAM for the case where the integers are in a range linear in n and a constant upper bounded number of integers have a constant lower bounded multiplicity.
Nursing Home Administration

Named a 2013 Doody's Essential Purchase! The sixth edition of "Nursing Home Administration" contains essential information to prepare an individual for licensure and employment as a nursing home administrator. This book addresses all regulatory pieces of information to provide readers with an overview of the entire process of managing a nursing facility. This edition has been updated to reflect the most accurate and up-to-date information to reflect new legislation and regulations passed since previous edition in 2008. This textbook serves as a roadmap for studying and understanding all the various requirements-management, human resources, finance and business, industry laws and regulations, and patient care. It demonstrates how all components fit together to form the coordinated activity set required of a successful nursing home administrator. Key Features: Formatted according to licensing examination and guidelines of the National Association of Boards of Examiners of Nursing Home Administrators New federal guidelines to surveyors New resident assessment instrument Updated figures and tables New life safety code inspection processes New ICDM-10 (International Classification of Diseases-Modified) Sub-set of federal forms included in appendices Web references to enable the reader to successfully navigate the nursing home administration field
Splendor of Humble Symbionts

Lichens of North America. Irwin M. Brodo, Sylvia Duran Sharnoff, and Stephen Sharnoff. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2001. 819 pp. $69.95, £50. ISBN 0-300-08249-5. Specialists and amateur naturalists alike will find this superbly illustrated guidebook a goldmine of information on the identification and ecology of the often overlooked lichens.
Past Experience and Methods of Territorial Dispute Resolution

Does past win/loss record impact states’ subsequent choices of peaceful dispute resolution methods? We present a theory that portrays peaceful resolution of disputes as an effect of strategic forum shopping. During the process of decision making, each state strategically chooses between several forums; its final choice of a method is strongly based on the state’s past experience with this particular method. Empirical analysis of all attempts at peaceful resolution of territorial disputes from 1945-2003 shows that states use their record of victories and failures as an indicator of the probability of winning in a subsequent dispute. In general however, the link between past experience and choice of a resolution method follows different patterns for challenger and target states. For example, past win/loss record matters most for the challenger states that want to repeatedly resort to binding methods of peaceful resolution – arbitration and adjudication. Target states, on the other hand, place greatest trust in their experience with nonbinding third party methods.
Electromagnetic compatibility: bench testing for power assemblies

There are many electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements that must be met for information technology equipment (ITE). These requirements must be met by any power assemblies that are part of the final product. EMC bench testing of these power assemblies can be performed prior to integration into final products so that problems can be identified and engineering changes made early in the design cycle. The test configurations and procedures needed to perform the EMC bench testing have many elements that take into consideration where the assemblies will be used, the number of assemblies, and the EMC requirements to be met.
Language bias and self-rated health status among the Latino population: evidence of the influence of translation in a wording experiment.

This research uses a translation experiment to assess the Spanish translation of the “fair” response in the self-rated health measure among a representative study of the Latino population in the USA. Using a unique Latino-specific survey (n = 1200), researchers built in a split sample approach in the self-rated health status measure where half of the Spanish-speaking respondents (n = 600) were randomly given “regular” and the other half were given “Mas o Menos” in translating the English “fair” response. We first estimate a logistic regression model to estimate differences across language categories on the probability of reporting poor and fair health and then estimate a multinomial logistic regression to test whether respondents who took the survey in Spanish and given “regular” are more likely to rate their health as fair compared to English speakers and Spanish-speaking respondents who are given the “Mas o Menos” version. From our logistic regression model, we find that Spanish-speaking respondents given the “regular” response are more likely to report poor health relative to English-speaking respondents and Spanish-speaking respondents who were randomly given “Mas o Menos.” The results from our multinomial logistic models suggest that Spanish respondents provided with “Mas o Menos” are more likely to rate their health as good relative to the base category of fair and relative to both English and Spanish speakers given “regular.” This research informs the study of racial and ethnic disparities by providing a detailed explanation for mixed findings in the Latino health disparities literature. Researchers interested in self-rated health should translate the general self-rated health option “fair” to “Mas o Menos” as our wording experiment suggests that the current wording “regular” overinflates the reporting of poor health.
Near-Inertial Internal Waves Observed on the Outer Shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight in the Wake of Hurricane Belle

Abstract On 10 August 1976 Hurricane Belle passed rapidly over the highly stratified shelf of the New York Bight. Records from Aanderaa current-meter moorings show that the response to the hurricane depended strongly on bathymetry. At deeper stations (∼70 m depth), intense, first-mode, internal near-inertial oscillations were generated at frequencies ∼1% less than the local inertial frequency. At shallower stations (∼50 m depth), only weak, heavily damped second-mode oscillations were observed in the current records, with no corresponding inertial signals in temperature. In the Hudson Shelf Valley, inertial motion occurred only near the surface. This was probably due to topographic effects. The divergence and curl of the wind stress contributed equally to the forcing. The response at the deeper stations is consistent with Geisler's (1970) theory for the open ocean in which a hurricane leaves a wake of internal-inertial oscillations if it travels faster than the internal phase speed and if its horizontal s...
PROTANDRY, INCOMPATIBILITY, AND SECONDARY POLLEN PRESENTATION IN CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALS (RUBIACEAE)

This study describes floral morphology and phenology, self-incompatibility, and pollen tube growth rates in self- and cross-pollinations of C. occidentalis
The future of history as film: apropos the publication of A Companion to Historical Film

In the past three decades, due to the work of some distinguished historians, the discussion of film is being slowly integrated into Western historiography. However, while relatively few academic historians would deny today film's ability to instigate awareness to and enrich the understanding of historical experiences, many fewer are willing – and able – to incorporate film analysis in their own research and teaching. This impasse is particularly apparent in the case of “historical films,” in which past events and experiences are reconstructed, invented and framed in varying degrees of sophistication. The convincing arguments that established film as a “legitimate” narrator of historical reality often fell short of explicating how film should be integrated into academic history discourse. This article reads Rosenstone and Parvulescu's recent collection of essays A Companion to Historical Film as a demonstration of different approaches taken by contemporary historians in an attempt to meet this challenge. W...
Determinants of Binding Affinity and Specificity for the Interaction of TEM-1 and SME-1 β-Lactamase with β-Lactamase Inhibitory Protein

The hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics by class A β-lactamases is a common cause of bacterial resistance to these agents. The β-lactamase inhibitory protein (BLIP) is able to bind and inhibit several class A β-lactamases, including TEM-1 β-lactamase and SME-1 β-lactamase. Although the TEM-1 and SME-1 enzymes share 33% amino acid sequence identity and a similar fold, they differ substantially in surface electrostatic properties and the conformation of a loop-helix region that BLIP binds. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the residues on BLIP that contribute to its binding affinity for each of these enzymes. The results indicate that the sequence requirements for binding are similar for both enzymes with most of the binding free energy provided by two patches of aromatic residues on the surface of BLIP. Polar residues such as several serines in the interface do not make significant contributions to affinity for either enzyme. In addition, the specificity of binding is significantly altered by mutation of two charged residues, Glu73 and Lys74, that are buried in the structure of the TEM-1·BLIP complex as well as by residues located on two loops that insert into the active site pocket. Based on the results, a E73A/Y50A double mutant was constructed that exhibited a 220,000-fold change in binding specificity for the TEM-1 versus SME-1 enzymes.
Study of DNA internal dynamics by quasi-elastic light scattering.

We have studied the large-scale internal fluctuations in DNA coils by using quasi-elastic light-scattering spectroscopy. We have measured the angular dependence of the first cumulant of the scattered-light autocorrelation function. Within the q (3) domain of this dependence, we observed the transition from the asymptotic behavior predicted for good solvents to the asymptotic behavior predicted for ? conditions. This allowed us to determine the screening length of volume interactions in DNA chains. Analysis of the autocorrelation functions by a regularization procedure allowed us to reconstruct the mode composition of the scattered light and to determine the relaxation time of the fluctuations in the coil size.
A Competency‐based Model of Child Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Peer, Parent, Teacher, and Self‐evaluations

In a two-wave longitudinal study of third and sixth graders (N = 617), we obtained self-reports of depression and peer, teacher, parent, and self-reports of competence in five domains: academic, social, attractiveness, conduct, and athletic. Competency evaluations by others predicted change in self-perceived competence over time for girls, but not for boys. Depression predicted change in self-perceived competence over time for boys but not for girls. Among girls, the relative importance of parent, teacher, and peer appraisals shifted from third to sixth grade. For both boys and girls, self-perceptions of competence predicted change in depression scores over time. Furthermore, self-perceived competencies mediated the relation between competency appraisals by others and children's self-reported depression. Results are interpreted in light of a competency-based model of child depression.
Probability of structural failure under earthquake acceleration

A METHOD IS PRESENTED TO FIND UPPER AND LOWER BOUNDS OF THE PROBABILITY THAT A SIMPLE STRUCTURE WILL FAIL UNDER A RANDOM LOADING OF EARTHQUAKE TYPE. THE STRUCTURE CONSIDERED IS A ONE STORY BUILDING TREATED AS A SYSTEM OF MASS, SPRING AND DASHPOT WITH SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM. THE FAILURE IS ASSUMED TO OCCUR WHEN THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE MASS EXCEEDS A CRITICAL VALUE. THE PRESENT METHOD LEADS TO EVALUATION OF LENGTHY INTEGRALS WHICH, HOWEVER, CAN BE PERFORMED NUMERICALLY WITH AN ELECTRONIC DIGITAL COMPUTER AND PRODUCES THE UPPER AND LOWER BOUND CLOSE ENOUGH AT LEAST FOR THE ORDER ESTIMATION OF THE PROBABILITY. /AUTHOR/
Introducing undergraduates to research: a case study from the field of human-computer interaction

Abstract This paper reports on an experimental program aimed at introducing undergraduates to research in computer science. For two summers groups of college sophomores and juniors participated in an intensive research program on human-computer interaction. Working in small groups under the direction of a project director, they devised and carried out experimental studies in areas such as cognition of programming, interface design, and the training of end users of computers. Later a research component was designed for a regularly scheduled course on human-computer interaction, based on what was learned from the summer research program and modified to fit the format of a normal course. In this paper we describe the undergraduate summer research and its adaptation to a regular course format. We also discuss the lessons learned from this work.
Atmospheric mercury concentrations and speciation measured from 2004 to 2007 in Reno, Nevada, USA

Abstract Atmospheric elemental, reactive and particulate mercury (Hg) concentrations were measured north of downtown Reno, Nevada, USA from November 2004 to November 2007. Three-year mean and median concentrations for gaseous elemental Hg (Hg 0 ) were 1.6 and 1.5 ng m −3 (respectively), similar to global mean Hg 0 concentrations. The three-year mean reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) concentration (26 pg m −3 ) was higher than values reported for rural sites across the western United States. Well defined seasonal and daily patterns in Hg 0 and RGM concentrations were observed, with the highest Hg 0 concentrations measured in winter and early morning, and RGM concentrations being greatest in the summer and mid-afternoon. Elevated Hg 0 concentrations in winter were associated with periods of cold, stagnant air; while a regularly observed early morning increase in concentration was due to local source and surface emissions. The observed afternoon increase and high summer values of RGM can be explained by in situ oxidation of gaseous Hg 0 or mixing of RGM derived from the free troposphere to the surface. Because both of these processes are correlated with the same environmental conditions it is difficult to assess their overall contribution to the observed trends.
The Complexity of Elastic Fiber Biogenesis: The Paradigm of Cutis Laxa

Cutis laxa (CL) is a skin disorder characterized by prematurely redundant, pendulous, inelastic, and wrinkled skin (Berk et al., 2012), and is associated with variable involvement of other organs. Both acquired and inherited forms of CL exist and the latter show extensive locus heterogeneity and congenital onset. The main histopathologic and ultrastructural anomalies in the skin of patients with CL are paucity, fragmentation, or disorganization of the dermal elastic fibers (Figure 1a). Studies of inherited forms of CL have uncovered a growing network of genes (Table 1). On the basis of congenital nature of most inherited forms of CL, these genes are necessary for elastic fiber biogenesis and are distinct from genes involved in the homeostatic maintenance such as those inhibiting ectopic calcification of the elastic fibers (Li and Uitto, 2012).
Effect of a Protein Electric Field on the CO Stretch Frequency. Finite Difference Poisson−Boltzmann Calculations on Carbonmonoxycytochromes c

We report electrostatic potential and electric field calculations at the CO ligand of the heme in both horse heart and yeast cytochrome c, obtained from a finite difference solution to the Poisson−Boltzmann equation. This method takes into account the protein shape and charge distribution, as well as the solvent and generalized ionic strength effects. The calculations support recent experimental and theoretical evidence suggesting that polar interactions can significantly affect the vibrational frequency of the ligand. Our work shows that the ionizable amino acid residues and polar contributions of the protein matrix can induce a Stark effect on the CO stretch frequency of the carbonmonoxycytochromes. The observed CO stretches, at 1965.9 and 1960.1 cm-1 for horse and yeast cytochromes c, respectively, show that the experimental shift is of the order of 6 cm-1. This is in good agreement with a calculated value of 8 cm-1 (±1 cm-1) for a vibrational Stark shift due to the different charge distributions in bo...
Sonographic imaging of the posterior fossa utilizing the foramen magnum

In this essay, we describe our experience with a sonographic technique utilizing the foramen magnum to more clearly define anatomy in the neonatal posterior fossa. This approach can be used as an additional problem-solving tool in neonates with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and a variety of posterior fossa abnormalities. The foramen magnum view is easily mastered and produces diagnostic images with little additional scanning time.
GABA receptor binding in bovine retina: effects of Triton X-100 and perchloric acid.

Abstract In two synaptosomal fractions from bovine retina, Triton X-100 and sodium perchlorate specifically enhanced the high affinity binding of 3H-GABA to sites with pharmacological specificity similar to the GABA receptor. Maximal effects were noted at 0.05% Triton X-100 and 100 mM sodium perchlorate. In the fraction enriched in photoreceptor cell synaptosomes from the outer plexiform layer, Triton and perchlorate had similar effects in that two binding sites were observed: a higher affinity site (∼20 nMKD) and a lower affinity site (∼200 nMKD). However, in the fraction enriched in conventional sized synaptosomes primarily from the inner plexiform layer, the 20 nM site was virtually absent after Triton treatment, but was readily detectable in the presence of perchlorate. These results may suggest that 3H-GABA binding in vitro is inhibited by an endogenous substance which is removed by Triton or perchlorate treatment. The difference in the sensitivity of the two fractions to Triton and perchlorate suggests that in retina this substance (whether it is a membrane peptide or GABA itself) is not uniformly distributed and/or uniformly sensitive to Triton and perchlorate.
Introductory Econometrics: Using Monte Carlo Simulation With Microsoft Excel

(2006). Introductory Econometrics: Using Monte Carlo Simulation With Microsoft Excel. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 101, No. 476, pp. 1730-1731.
Statistical tests for image tracking

Abstract Given the image of an object moving across a screen against an arbitrary background, it is desired to place a window about the object and track the object as its position on the screen changes. This paper will describe the results of using three different statistical tests for performing this tracking function. They include one nonparametric test based on the rank statistic plus two parametric tests, one based on the likelihood function and one based on the sample average of the test points. It will be shown that the best overall compromise between speed and accuracy appears to be the sample average test.
Paper 7: Hydraulic Powered Steering for Heavy Vehicles

The paper deals briefly with the factors affecting the matching of powered steering to the vehicle performance, the basic requirements of the hydraulic pumps, valves, and actuators, and the current design trends.
Stumbling upon history: collective memory and the urban landscape

Notable historical events are most commonly commemorated by state-sanctioned monumental structures designed as collective memorials. In contrast, this essay attends to Gunter Demnig’s Stumbling Stones, a countermemorial to the Holocaust, set in the vernacular landscape of cities throughout Europe. As participants in a trip sponsored by the German government, bringing American Jews to the capital city of Berlin, we reflect upon our experiences as we question the narrative differences between monumental memorials and countermemorials. This ethnographic study moves the reader through the crowded boulevards of Germany’s capital city, past historical sites and into museums where we share space and commune with the voices of the past that have come to define individual and collective memory in Berlin.
Aldose reductase and AGE-RAGE pathways: key players in myocardial ischemic injury.

: Cardiovascular disease represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. The impact of cardiac disease includes increased sensitivity of diabetic myocardium to ischemic episodes and diabetic cardiomyopathy, manifested as a subnormal functional response of the diabetic heart independent of coronary artery disease. In this context, we were to our knowledge the first to demonstrate that diabetes increases glucose flux via the first and key enzyme, aldose reductase, of the polyol pathway, resulting in impaired glycolysis under normoxic and ischemic conditions in diabetic myocardium. Our laboratory has been investigating the role of the polyol pathway in mediating myocardial ischemic injury in diabetics. Furthermore, the influence of the aldose reductase pathway in facilitating generation of key potent glycating compounds has led us to investigate the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in myocardial ischemic injury in diabetics. The potent impact of increased flux via the aldose reductase pathway and the increased AGE interactions with its receptor (RAGE) resulting in cardiac dysfunction will be discussed in this chapter.
Pulsed Amperometric Detection of Microdialysates from the Glucose Oxidase Reaction

Microdialysis is used for in vitro characterization of the glucose oxidase reaction. A microdialysis block, which is designed to accept a wide range of commercially available flat membranes, is mated with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) followed by pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to directly and continuously monitor the concentration of glucose over time. Glucose is sampled at 5-min intervals, and the initial velocity is determined from the first 10% of the reaction profile. The Michaelis constant, Km, was determined to be 10 mM. This technique is generally applicable to the study of exo- and endoglycosidases and other enzyme reactions with carbohydrate-based substrates.
Effective Teaching with Technology

A course entitled Effective Teaching with Technology (ETT) has been taught to PhD candidates and postdoctoral students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) during the Spring semester of 2004, 2005, and 2006, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The course is supported by the NSF-sponsored Center for Integration of Research, Teaching, and Learning (CIRTL). The course employs the three CIRTL pillars of Teaching-as-Research, Learning-through-Diversity, and Learning Communities as its basis. The ETT course introduces students to the idea that they critically evaluate technology options with the overarching goal of improved student learning. In this paper we describe: (1) development of this unique course, (2) operational experiences, and (3) student outcomes and effectiveness of the Teaching-as-Research approach to motivate future faculty (i.e. graduate students) to view teaching and the classroom with the same critical eye and scientific method that they use in their own research.
Individualism and the Formation of Values

The assumption by educators, theologians, jurists, or others that right behavior can be achieved by the implantation of values in the individual fails to take account of the dynamics of value formation and change and of their relation to the social environment.Failure to include the social reality as the source of values may be attributed largely to the deeply imbedded focus upon the individual in Western civilization. This focus is found in those explanations which attribute individual behavior to instinct, to drive, to some innate force such as the libido, or to a spiritual connection with some antecedent supernatural power.Recourse to these sources as explanatory of individual development in any of its aspects is unsatisfactory. Instead, we need to examine the supraindividual cultural mechanisms embodied in the individual's categories of understanding and canons of discrimination. From cultural norms the individual learns how to evaluate and to develop values about himself and the world. Values are acq...
Effect of simulated glaze ice on a rectangular wing

Experimental measurements of the effect of simulated glaze ice on a three-dimensional wing are presented. A semispan wing of effective aspect ratio five was mounted from a splitter plate in the OSU subsonic wind tunnel. The model has a straight, untwisted rectangular platform, and uses a NACA 0012 airfoil section. Surface pressures were measured at 5 semispan locations and a total-pressure wake-survey probe was used on the model centerline. The section lift and drag data from the model centerline compared well to earlier two-dimensional data. These data show a large drag and maximum lift penalty due to the simulated glaze ice. Three-dimensional span-load data compare well to computational results.
Conflicting management objectives on the Colorado Plateau: Understanding the effects of bison and cattle grazing on plant community composition

The American Bison (Bison bison Linnaeus) in the Henry Mountains are one of the last free-roaming, genetically pure herds of bison remaining in North America. Anecdotal evidence indicates that this herd is utilising a cattle winter range during the summer and fall, creating a conflict between the state agency that manages the bison, and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and local ranchers. In theory, the addition of bison grazing pressure could reduce forage availability in the short term and lead to undesired changes in the plant community in the long term. Our objective was to determine whether bison have altered the plant species composition of the cattle winter range. We characterised plant species composition, percent cover, and grazing intensity on three adjacent, geomorphologically similar mesas. Grazing regimes were different on the three mesas, one with bison and cattle present, one with cattle only present, and the third with neither cattle nor bison present. Vegetation surveys were accompanied by a 28-year remote sensing time series to test for temporal shifts in an index of primary productivity. We found a higher grazing intensity on two dominant forage species on the bison plus cattle grazed mesa in fall, before the cattle were turned out to winter pasture. Despite this difference in grazing intensity, we found few differences in species composition, percent cover, or NDVI across the three grazing regimes. Our results suggest that high intensity summer bison grazing, while likely creating short-term reductions in forage availability, has not caused differences in plant community composition or productive potential. Shifts in community composition can take years to unfold and just as long to correct; therefore, continued monitoring of the combined effects of cattle and bison is needed.
Dissecting Intersubunit Contacts in Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels

Abstract In cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels, binding of cGMP or cAMP drives a conformational change that leads to opening of an ion-conducting pore. One region implicated in the coupling of ligand binding to opening of the pore is the C linker region. Here, we used crosslinking of endogenous cysteines to study interregion proximity. We demonstrate that an individual amino acid—C481—in the C linker region of each of two neighboring subunits can form a disulfide bond. Further, using tandem dimers, we show that a disulfide bond between C35 in the N-terminal region and C481 in the C linker region can form either within a subunit or between subunits. From our data on proximity between individual amino acids and previous studies, a picture emerges of the C linker as a potential dimerization interface.
Knowledge manipulation activities: results of a Delphi study

Knowledge-based organizations are hosts for multitudes of knowledge management (KM) episodes. Each episode is triggered by a knowledge need and culminates with the satisfaction of that need (or its abandonment). Within an episode, one or more of the organization' processors (human and/or computer-based) manipulate knowledge resources in various ways in an effort to meet the need. This paper identifies and characterizes a generic set of elemental knowledge manipulation activities that can be arranged in a variety of patterns within KM episodes. It also indicates possible knowledge flows that can occur among the activities. This descriptive framework was developed using conceptual synthesis and a Delphi methodology involving an international panel of researchers and practitioners in the KM field. The framework can serve as a common language for discourse about knowledge manipulation. For researchers, it suggests issues that deserve investigation and concepts that must be considered in explorations of KM episodes. For practitioners, the framework provides a perspective on activities that need to be considered in the design, measurement, control, coordination, and support of an organization' KM episodes.
The Hemlock Society Membership: Comparisons between 1983 and 1995 Surveys and the General Population:

While most Right to Die studies have examined the ethical and moral implications of assisted suicide, few have investigated the active membership of Right to Die organizations. Two studies, one in 1983 and one in 1995, have surveyed The Hemlock Society USA membership in an effort to identify those who are actively involved in the Right to Die social movement. This study compares the social demographic descriptors of members of the Hemlock Society at these two different points in time: from the 1983 survey to the California portion of the 1995 survey and between all three Hemlock samples and the General Social Survey. The most significant findings of this study demonstrate that the population of the Hemlock Society is increasing in religiosity and continues to be defined as a well-educated and healthy membership. The Hemlock Society membership over-represents the female population, those over 55 years of age, divorcees and widows/widowers, atheists, and those who are well-educated compared to the general p...
The Saint, the Warlord, and the Emperor: Discourses of Braj Bhakti and Bundelā Loyalty

This paper investigates the way in which bhakti was used by upwardly mobile Rajputs in their struggle to come to terms with their role as local powerbrokers for the centralizing imperial regime. I will present the case study of the Bundelās in the mid-sixteenth century. I will study their complex relationships with the newly established Mughals and their expressions of devotion, particularly in connection with the newly (re)established pilgrimage center of Braj. The paper documents a shift from an older form of religion to bhakti under Madhukar Shāh (r. 1552-92). This change may well have functioned as a bid for local legitimacy, an assertion of regional independence vis a vis the Mughal empire, and was directed against its imperial rhetoric. However, this study also shows that although Madhukar promotes bhakti for his own purpose, the bhakti saint-advisor of the king explicitly resists such socio-political functionality of the religious insights he has to offer. Cette contribution se situe au milieu du XVIeme siecle, une periode qui vit le regime imperial des Moghol recemment instaure se centralisant. Elle explore la bhakti comme vecteur de l'ascension sociale des Rajput qui n'accepterent de sitot de jouer le role de conseillers locals du pouvoir imperial. L'examen des Bundelās vise a devoiler leurs relations complexes avec les Moghol et leur discours devotionnel, particulierement celui relatif au centre de pelerinage de Braj recemment (r)etabli. La contribution temoigne d une part que sous le regne de Madhukar Shāh (1552-'92) une forme plus ancienne de religion se transforma en bhakti, ce qui souleve des interrogations sur la construction de la legitimite des ces seigneurs locals qui revendiquerent l'independance regionale vis-a-vis l empire Moghol. D'autre part elle demontre que bienque Madhukar favorisât la bhakti pour ses fins propres, le saint-adviseur resista nettement de reduire bhakti a un role socio-economique.
The reliability and validity of measurements designed to quantify posterior shoulder tightness

AbstractBackground: Posterior shoulder tightness (PST) has been implicated in the etiology of numerous shoulder disorders; thus, reliable and valid methods for quantifying PST are necessary.Objectives: To systematically review the literature pertaining to the reliability and validity of PST measurements.Methods: Three investigators independently performed an electronic search using the MEDLINE-PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of English studies published in peer-reviewed journals that identified the reliability and/or validity of a PST measurement method as the primary focus.Results: A total of 2860 articles were initially identified with 11 retained for final review. Two measurement procedures were reported that included supine and side lying horizontal adduction with scapular stabilization. PST was quantified with goniometry, inclinometry, and linear techniques. Intra-rater reliability ranged from intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.;40 to 0.;96, whereas i...
Absorption of Malachite Green by Channel Catfish

(1983). Absorption of Malachite Green by Channel Catfish. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 228-229.
Note on the boolean properties of context free languages

A language is considered to be any set of sentences (strings) made up from a finite vocabulary (alphabet). A grammar is a device which enumerates a language, e.g., a Turing machine with any set of input signals, a finite automaton, or a Post system. One often considers the family of languages which have grammars meeting certain specifications or restrictions, e.g., the finite state languages (the languages generatable by finite automata) . A major question of interest is whether such a family is a closed system with respect to the Boolean operations: set-theoretic union, intersection, and difference. The family of recursively enumerable languages is well known to be closed under union and intersection, but not under difference. I t is also well known that the family of finite state languages is closed under all three operations. In this note we answer this question for another family of languages, called "type 2" or "context free" by Chomsky (1959). For the sake of having a convenient reference we shall present in modified form Chomsky's definitions. I t will be seen that a context free grammar is essentially a special case of a semi-Thue system, cf. Davis (1958). We consider a context free (CF) grammar to be a finite set G of "rewriting rules" a --~ ~, where a is a single symbol and ~ is a finite string of symbols from a finite alphabet (vocabulary) V. V contains precisely the symbols appearing in these rules plus the "boundary" symbol ~, which does not appear in these rules. Rules of the form a --~ a (which
The final D-frontier: should DFT be outsourced?

The paper discusses on whether DFT can be outsourced, and its implications to both employers and employees and how to execute it successfully
Interfacial morphology development during PS/PMMA reactive coupling

Amine-terminal polystyrene (PS-NH2) was reacted with an anhydride-terminal poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-anh-pyr) at the interface between quiescent PS and PMMA layers, annealed for various times up t o2ha t 175 °C. Theconcentration of the PS-NH2 in the PS layer was varied from 10% to 100%. By virtue of pyrene labeling, the PMMA-anh-pyr conversion to copolymer in the early stages of the reaction could be measured with a fluorescence detector coupled to a size exclusion chromatograph. Interfacial morphology development was monitored with both atomic force microscopy (AFM), after washing off the top PS layer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in cross section. It was found that the coupling reaction at the initial stage is rapid. Detectable block copolymer interfacial coverage (") and interfacial roughness were obtained even after only 5 min annealing. Further annealing the samples increased " significantly when the PS-NH2 concentration exceeded 25%. In this case " exceeded the value expected for a saturated monolayer of copolymer "*, suggesting emulsification at the interface. The surface roughness determined by AFM supports this conclusion, as the RMS roughness is low when " "*. After the emulsification transition, however, the AFM roughness no longer increases because the emulsified material is washed away with the PS layer. With TEM, the emulsified region could be observed at the interface directly. Furthermore, the interfacial roughness values from AFM and TEM agree well.
An analytical and numerical study of the two-dimensional Bratu equation

Bratu's problem, which is the nonlinear eigenvalue equationΔu+λ exp(u)=0 withu=0 on the walls of the unit square andλ as the eigenvalue, is used to develop several themes on applications of Chebyshev pseudospectral methods. The first is the importance ofsymmetry: because of invariance under the C4 rotation group and parity in bothx andy, one can slash the size of the basis set by a factor of eight and reduce the CPU time by three orders of magnitude. Second, the pseudospectral method is ananalytical as well as a numerical tool: the simple approximationλ≈3.2A exp(−0.64A), whereA is the maximum value ofu(x, y), is derived via collocation with but a single interpolation point, but is quantitatively accurate for small and moderateA. Third, the Newton-Kantorovich/Chebyshev pseudospectral algorithm is so efficient that it is possible to compute good numerical solutions—five decimal places—on amicrocomputer inbasic. Fourth, asymptotic estimates of the Chebyshev coefficients can be very misleading: the coefficients for moderately or strongly nonlinear solutions to Bratu's equations fall off exponentially rather than algebraically withv untilv is so large that one has already obtained several decimal places of accuracy. The corner singularities, which dominate the behavior of the Chebyshev coefficients in thelimit v→∞, are so weak as to be irrelevant, and replacing Bratu's problem by a more complicated and realistic equation would merely exaggerate the unimportance of the corner branch points even more.
Imaging biomarkers of inflammation in situ with functionalized quantum dots in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mouse colitis

Objective and design: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the development of inflammation. These markers are generally measured using tedious ELISA procedures. In this study, a novel technique utilizing antibody conjugated quantum dot nanoparticles was developed to detect Myeloperoxidase, Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in vivo in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of experimental colitis.
The effect of hypoxia on the pentose phosphate pathway in brain.

—Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in 18–55 areas of brain from humans post mortem. Individuals meeting sudden and unexpected death (22), patients dying in hospital with non–neurological illness (6), Parkinson's disease (12), Huntington's chorea (8), terminal coma (6) or head injury (2) were included in the series. The absolute values obtained compared favourably with some previous human studies where high values for these enzymes were obtained, as well as with monkey and baboon data. The regional distributions of the enzymes were also comparable to those previously reported in human and animal studies. A number of important points with regard to human tissue seemed to emerge from the study. The mode of death was not a factor in enzyme levels in non–neurological and non-coma cases. Post mortem delay did not seem to be a major factor either even though a substantial decline in GAD, TH and DDC could be demonstrated in rats left several hours between sacrifice and removal of the brain for assay. Age had a highly significant effect in certain areas of brain. The decline typically followed a curvilinear pattern (activity = A/age + B with the sharpest drops being in the younger age groups). DDC seemed to be the enzyme most severely affected by age but all the enzymes showed declines in certain brain areas, while in other areas there was no significant decline. All the enzymes were very depressed by coma from illness except AChE. TH and DDC in the brain stem were, however, not affected in the head injury cases. The Parkinsonian cases showed a sharply decreased TH activity in the substantia nigra, caudate and putamen. There were decreases in GAD in the globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra with marginal decreases in the neostriatum. CAT levels in the extrapyramidal nuclei were normal. In Huntington's chorea there was a substantial decrease in GAD in all the extrapyramidal structures. There was a patchy loss of CAT in the neostriatum and locus coeruleus.
WASHINGTON E A ORDEM HEMISFÉRICA: EXPLICAÇÕES PARA A CONTINUIDADE EM MEIO À MUDANÇA

O artigo analisa os principais fatores que moldam as politicas dos Estados Unidos para assuntos hemisfericos no seculo XXI, situando-os historicamente no contexto das relacoes entre esse pais e a America Latina. Enfatiza-se o papel dos Estados Unidos na lideranca regional, nos lacos com determinados paises e sub-regioes, e aborda-se a resposta de Washington a proliferacao de instituicoes regionais e a concorrencia que podem fazer a Organizacao dos Estados Americanos (OEA). O estudo baseia-se em abordagens sobre a politica externa dos processos decisorios, a fim de enquadrar e prever o futuro do entrosamento dos Estados Unidos com a America Latina.