cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiologic actions and antifibrillatory efficacy of subacute left stellectomy in a conscious, post-infarction canine model of ischemic ventricular fibrillation☆

The autonomic nervous system appears to modulate ventricular arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial ischemia. This study investigated the electrophysiologic effects and antifibrillatory actions of subacute left stellectomy in a conscious, post-infarction canine model of sudden cardiac death. Twenty-two dogs with a previous anterior wall myocardial infarction and inducible ventricular arrhythmias were randomized to undergo either left stellectomy (n = 12) or remain as sham-denervated controls (n = 10). Five to 7 days post left stellectomy, there were no significant changes in heart rate, electrocardiographic intervals or ventricular refractoriness compared to sham-denervated controls. Acute posterolateral ischemia was produced in left stellectomy and sham-denervated dogs by anodal current-induced thrombosis via a previously positioned electrode in the left circumflex coronary artery. Ventricular fibrillation developed within 1 hour of the onset of ischemia (early ventricular fibrillation) in 3/12 (25%) left stellectomy dogs versus 8/10 (80%) sham-denervated controls (P less than 0.05). However, 24-hour mortality rate was 5/12 (42%) after left stellectomy versus 8/10 (80%) after sham denervation (P = 0.072). Small differences in regional myocardial norepinephrine content, which is a marker for neuronal integrity, occurred in the mid-posterolateral and mid-anteroseptal regions of the left ventricle after left stellectomy. Overall norepinephrine concentration after left stellectomy was 409.70 +/- 9.90 ng/g vs 428.07 +/- 10.84 ng/g in sham controls (P = NS). In summary, subacute left stellectomy significantly reduces the incidence of ventricular fibrillation occurring within 1 hour of the onset of acute posterolateral ischemia at a distance to a previous myocardial infarction in conscious dogs, and tends to reduce the ischemic post-infarction mortality at 24 hours after the onset of ischemia. This protective effect of left stellectomy is not due to any alteration in cardiac electrophysiologic parameters measured prior to the development of acute posterolateral ischemia, nor is it related to regional denervation as determined by myocardial tissue concentration of residual norepinephrine.
WebDAV and DeltaV: collaborative authoring, versioning, and configuration management for the Web

WebDAV and DeltaV are application-layer network protocols that provide capabilities for remote collaborative authoring, metadata management, version control, and configuration management. Both protocols extend the core protocol of the Web, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP 1.1). WebDAV adds operations for overwrite prevention, properties, and namespace management, while DeltaV builds upon WebDAV to offer versioning (checkout and checkin), autoversioning, workspaces, activities, and configuration management.
Gold Electrodes Wired for Coupling with the Deeply Buried Active Site of Arthrobacter globiformis Amine Oxidase

Diethylaniline-terminated oligo(phenyl-ethynyl)-thiol (DEA-OPE-SH) wires on Au-bead electrodes facilitate electron tunneling to and from the deeply buried topaquinone (TPQ) cofactor in Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (AGAO). Reversible cyclic voltammograms were observed when AGAO was adsorbed onto this DEA-OPE-SAu surface: the 2e-/2H+ reduction potential is −140 mV versus SCE.
Zinc, copper, and lead geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - ridges, islands, and arcs

Variations in the abundances of Zn, Cu, and Pb are found to be useful in identifying tectonic regimes and separating oceanisland basalts into enriched- and depleted-source categories. The average Zn, Cu, and Pb contents of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB) are 84, 70, and 0.35 ppm, respectively. Differences in average Zn contents for various ridges reflect more the varying degrees of differentiation than variations of Zn content in the source rocks. At a Mg# of 70, or Mg#70, which is taken to represent primitive MORB, many MORB sequences converge at a Zn content of 58 ± 6 ppm, which is close to the value for primitive mantle (50 ppm) and ordinary chondrites (∼55 ppm). Values of 0.1 to 0.15 ppm Pb in MORB at Mg#70, best defined at the superfast-spreading Southern East Pacific Rise, are similar to estimates of Pb in the primitive mantle (0.12 to 0.18 ppm). They also are near the lower end of the range for ordinary chondrites. The very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge has a sequence with hig...
Obtaining an Outreach Express Award

The third installment of the ReachOut Through Outreach Column gives a brief history of outreach and an introduction to Outreach Express Awards. It features two projects that recently received the award through their respective Regional Medical Libraries. The article also makes reference to additional outreach groups that are a part of the Medical Library Association, specifically the Outreach Special Interest Group, the Librarians Without Borders® program, and the National Network of Libraries of Medicine Emergency Preparedness and Response Toolkit.
Making do: state constraints and local responses in California’s education finance system

California’s unique education finance system combines general state support for school districts, numerous state categorical aid programs, a restricted local property tax, and two unusual small local revenue sources: a parcel tax and contributions from educational foundations. This paper explores the incentives this system creates for local voters and school officials and estimates the impact of these incentives on education costs, school district efficiency, and the demand for student performance. The paper finds that voters in California respond to the price incentives in this system even though they work through the hard-to-pass parcel tax instead of the property tax; that educational outcomes are strongly influenced by student characteristics and other factors that influence educational costs; that school district efficiency is undermined by the state’s current emphasis on categorical instead of unrestricted aid; and that, overall, the education finance system is not well designed to meet the state’s educational objectives.
Nest defense and central place foraging: A model and experiment

A graphical model presented here indicates that a nest-defending forager should stay closer to its nest, forage for shorter times per patch, and deliver smaller loads than predicated for delivery rate maximization. The effect is more pronounced farther from the nest, so that if nest defense is especially important, the predator should leave far patches sooner than near ones, and deliver smaller loads from farther away. Moreover, if the attack rate at the nest is increased, the defending forager should move closer and deliver smaller prey.
Asymptotic behavior of unbounded solutions of linear Volterra integral equations

Abstract The asymptotic behavior as t → ∞ of solutions of ∝0tu(t − s) dA(s) = f(t) is studied when f(t) satisfies a “o” estimate as t ” ∞ , and A belongs to a weighted space and its Laplace-Stieltjes transform has finitely many zeros in its closed half-plane of convergence. Results for systems of integral equations as well as for integrodifferential systems are also given.
Residually Nilpotent Groups with All Subgroups Subnormal

Abstract The main result established here is that if G is a locally finite group that has all subgroups subnormal and is residually nilpotent then G is nilpotent.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa transhydrogenase: Affinity of substrates for the regulatory site and possible hysteretic behavior

Abstract The polymeric enzyme transhydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NADPH:NAD + oxidoreductase; EC 1.6.1.1) has been shown to possess distinct catalytic and regulatory sites, despite the close structural relationship between substrates and effectors. The present report substantiates the previous conclusions from kinetic and affinity chromatography studies, which have suggested that the substrates NADPH and oxidized thionicotinamide ademine dinucleotide phosphate could bind to both catalytic and regulatory sites. In addition, the allosteric R form of the enzyme appears now to be stabilized against high dilution inactivation. The oxidized substrate thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide forms a dead end complex on binding to the catalytic site in the T form. The process is slow, and can be termed hysteretic, as defined by Frieden (J. Biol. Chem. (1970), 245 , 5788–5799).
Commentary on "Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: two decades of progress." Alzheimer's disease: years of progress, and an army of researchers recruited; AD remains an elusive adversary.

p h c d m t t s t s c a Dr. Khachaturian has reviewed, with justifiable pride in any of the accomplishments, the dramatic growth of inerest in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and our understanding f it, during the last 2 decades. He has accurately characerized the extent to which the financial and organizational upport of the National Institutes of Health, and particularly he National Institute on Aging (NIA), have encouraged and haped the phenomenal growth in research and public wareness of AD. The basic and clinical research that has een done during the 20-plus years since the NIA-sponsored onference on Diagnosis and Research in AD, and the esulting publication of “Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease” 1], have provided scientists and clinicians with insights, nformation, and resources that eventually should lead to ffective means of treating or preventing this disorder. As events unfold, of course no 2 observers will see recisely the same story. In the classic movie “Rashomon,” or example, Kurosawa retold a dramatic event from 3 ifferent points of view; when asked what the retelling eant, he replied that it was, “a reflection of life, and life oes not always have clear meanings.” It should be just so ith any commentary, and with perspective views of the last ecades of AD evolution. Why, one must wonder, did Alzheimer’s disease become uch a focus of interest after the mid 1970s, when for the revious 70 years it had languished as an obscure diagnostic ntity, known only to a few neurologists? Several factors onspired at that time to place AD on the front burner. einstitutionalization, beginning in the 1960s, closed down he state-run mental hospitals where many thousands of lderly demented patients had been warehoused, and reurned them to visibility, cost, and demands in homes or xpensive nursing facilities [2]. Then, although others had onsidered the identity of presenile and senile dementia arlier, Katzman’s landmark editorial in 1976 redefined the arlyand late-onset dementias with senile plaques and
Radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain.

Stereotactic radiosurgery induces a repair reaction to radiation injury in the microvasculature of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain that leads to their obliteration. 1 A single large dose of radiation triggers an endothelial hyperplasia of the abnormal vascular wall of these congenital lesions. This reaction is followed by progressive thickening of the vascular wall with final thrombosis of the lumen. 2 Steiner et al 3 reported the first case of an AVM obliterated by radiosurgery. After their case report, several investigators confirmed the effectiveness of radiosurgery. 48 However, this noninvasive technique has been severely criticized. 9 The most valid criticism of radiosurgery is the long period necessary for the AVM to be completely obliterated, usually 1 to 3 years. During this period, the patient remains at risk of having an intracranial hemorrhage. Several factors have made the radiosurgical treatment of AVMs controversial, namely, the resistance of neurosurgeons to accept this revolutionary type of surgery, the variety of techniques available for radiosurgery, the lag time between radiosurgery and final AVM obliteration, the lack of thorough report of complications by the pioneers of the technique, and poor description of treatment methods in reports of radiosurgery results. 1~ Recent publications, however, have followed standards of report that allow comparison among techniques and an evaluation of radiosurgery in relation to surgery. 7
Characterization of precipitate s in a Fe-10Cr-6Mo-0.5 Nb ferritic steel☆

In the course of studying radiation damage in ferritic steels, there was a need for information on the nature of precipitate phases in one of the steels, an alloy of composition Fe-10Cr-6Mo-0.54Nb-0.33V-0.45Mn-0.3Si-0.05C (wt%). Since suitable data were not available in the literature an analysis was performed. The experiments were done with 3-mm diam disks punched from 0.5-mm thick rolled strips. The disks were annealed in evacuated quartz capsules for 1h at 1150/sup 0/C, followed by cooling to room temperature in an unheated part of the furnace, then reheated to 730/sup 0/ for 1h and cooled again in the cold zone. The microstructure consisted of equiaxed ferrite grains containing several apparently different precipitates. A morphological distinction between the various precipitates was made by optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The precipitates were analyzed in the TEM foils and in extracted form on carbon films by electron diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and in extracted form on single-crystal silicon substrates using conventional x-ray diffraction. 9 references 3 figures.
Connected graphs of genus g with complementary orbits

This paper concerns graphs with exactly two orbits under the action of their automorphism group; let their sizes be p and q respectively where p=
Influence of hydrogen-induced ordering on the tensile and fatigue characteristics of the alloy system Pd1 − xMnx (x = 0.1–0.25)

Abstract Tensile, microhardness and fatigue tests were carried out on palladium-manganese alloys with manganese contents in the range 10–25 at.%. Each alloy was examined in three structural forms: a disordered form, an Al 3 Zr-ordered form and a hydrogen-induced L1 2 -ordered form. While the disordered and Al 3 Zr-ordered forms of a particular alloy have quite similar mechanical properties, the L1 2 -ordered form of the alloy differs markedly from the others. It has been found that the L1 2 -ordered form of an alloy has enhanced strength and hardness, together with reduced ductility and fatigue life, compared with either the disordered or Al 3 Zr-ordered forms. These differences are attributed to the formation of a hydride phase in each alloy during the preparation of the L1 2 -ordered structure.
Optimal pharmacologic treatment of the critically ill patient with obstructive airways disease

There are few experimental data evaluating the effect of inhaled bronchodilator treatment in the critically ill patient in the intensive care unit. Extrapolating from the data that are available in chronic and acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) studies, it appears that both agents may be beneficial. Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists are first-line agents in asthma. However, anticholinergics may be valuable as additive agents or as single agents if the patient is intolerant of β-adrenergic side effects. This may be especially important in the critically ill patient with multiple organ failure in whom excessive tachycardia may reduce oxygen delivery. Anticholinergics and β 2 -adrenergic agonists both appear to be beneficial in smoking-related chronic bronchitis. Finally, because of the severity of illness in the critical care setting, both drugs should be titrated to maximal effect when possible, monitoring closely for adverse effects of the larger than normal doses that are used.
Nonlinear sound waves upon collapse of a vortex dipole

Acoustic emission by a vortex dipole decreases the dipole energy and changes the vortex velocity distribution. A relative shift of the dipole component occurs. Earlier, such a process of acoustic instability of the vortex was considered as applied to the case of weak acoustic emission described by the wave equation. Features of acoustic instability upon emission of a strongly nonlinear sound by a vortex are considered in this work.
“It's Bad Around Here Now”: Tobacco, Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among American Indians Living on a Rural Reservation

Using data about members of a midwestern American Indian reservation in eight focus groups that were conducted like “talking circles,” the authors describe the participants’ (N = 49) views of the current use and abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. Results indicate that the use of tobacco is pervasive; that the use of alcohol and other drugs, especially marijuana and oxycodone, are problems on this reservation because they are detrimental to health and well-being; and appropriate, available, and accessible treatment is scarce, nonexistent, or underfunded. Culturally sensitive substance abuse treatment and increased funding for treatment are major health issues for this population.
A model for psychosocial phasing in cancer

The way in which patients cope with cancer throughout the course of treatment and illness can be demonstrated by correlating levels and types of vulnerability with different psychosocial phases. The concept of psychosocial phasing is a hypothesis, the aim of which is to integrate typical problems, concerns, and distress with clinical staging, treatment, and disease progression. Expectations differ at each phase. Accordingly, different problems may arise which clinicians can anticipate and relieve through appropriate interventions.
Population density of the biocontrol agent Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1 on four pea cultivars

Abstract We determined if the biocontrol bacterial strain, Burkholderia cepacia AMMDR1, introduced as a seed treatment, persisted on pea roots, and how its presence affected populations of both indigenous B. cepacia and total culturable aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere. The experiment was conducted with four pea cultivars to determine if bacterial populations differed among cultivars. Total culturable aerobic bacteria, indigenous B. cepacia and introduced B. cepacia AMMDR1 were sampled from root segments of each cultivar grown from either treated or non-treated seed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 wk after planting. The population density of the introduced strain did not differ significantly among cultivars, nor was there a significant cultivar effect on total bacteria at three of four sampling dates. Cultivars supported different numbers of indigenous B. cepacia only at 2 wk after planting. Introduction of the biocontrol agent, which comprised 1–10% of the total bacteria on each date, did not increase the total number of culturable aerobic bacteria on root segments in comparison to no treatment. The number of indigenous B. cepacia on roots grown from non-treated seeds was similar to that of the introduced strain by the end of the 6-wk growing season. These results suggest that roots may have a carrying capacity for bacteria in general, and also for a specific functional group or species such as B. cepacia .
Diode-array side-pumped Er,Yb:phosphate glass eyesafe laser

Pumped with two 970nm, InGaAs strained-layer diode arrays, a side-pumped Er,Yb:phospha te glass laser has been const ructed. The long pulse slope eff iciency was 14%, and threshold occurred wit h 60mJ input. The maximum output pulse energy was 20.5mJ, wit h output wavelengt hs at 1545 ± 12nm. When Q-switched, the laser prod uced 0.3mJ, 46ns FWHM pulses at an output wa velengt h of 1533 ± 1nm and wit h a repetition rate of 7Hz.
Accelerating decoupled look-ahead via weak dependence removal: A metaheuristic approach

Despite the proliferation of multi-core and multi-threaded architectures, exploiting implicit parallelism for a single semantic thread is still a crucial component in achieving high performance. Look-ahead is a tried-and-true strategy in uncovering implicit parallelism, but a conventional, monolithic out-of-order core quickly becomes resource-inefficient when looking beyond a small distance. A more decoupled approach with an independent, dedicated look-ahead thread on a separate thread context can be a more flexible and effective implementation, especially in a multi-core environment. While capable of generating significant performance gains, the look-ahead agent often becomes the new speed limit. Fortunately, the look-ahead thread has no hard correctness constraints and presents new opportunities for optimizations. One such opportunity is to exploit “weak” dependences. Intuitively, not all dependences are equal. Some links in a dependence chain are weak enough that removing them in the look-ahead thread does not materially affect the quality of look-ahead but improves the speed. While there are some common patterns of weak dependences, they can not be generalized as heuristics in generating better code for the look-ahead thread. A primary reason is that removing a false weak dependence can be exceedingly costly. Nevertheless, a trial-and-error approach can reliably identify opportunities for improving the look-ahead thread and quantify the benefits. A framework based on genetic algorithm can help search for the right set of changes to the look-ahead thread. In the set of applications where the speed of look-ahead has become the new limit, this method is found to improve the overall system performance by up to 1.48x with a geometric mean of 1.14x over the baseline decoupled look-ahead system, while reducing energy consumption by 11%.
Influence of Age on Step Activity Patterns in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Children

Abstract Stevens SL, Holbrook EA, Fuller DK, Morgan DW. Influence of age on step activity patterns in children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children. Objective To document the influence of age on step activity patterns in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) children. Design Cross-sectional. Setting All step activity data were collected in free-living environments. Participants Children with CP (n=27; age, 4–18y; 22 boys, 5 girls; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II) and 27 age- and sex-matched TD children were recruited through public advertisements and contacts with local clinicians. CP and TD participants were stratified into younger ( Intervention Daily step activity was monitored using a step activity monitor that was individually programmed to account for the gait characteristics of each participant. Step activity data were collected in 1-minute epochs during waking hours on 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Stored data were analyzed to yield average values of daily step activity, percentage of inactive time (0 steps) over the entire day, and percentage of total daily active time spent in low step activity (1–15 steps/min), medium step activity (16–40 steps/min), and high step activity (>40 steps/min). Main Outcome Measures Daily step activity, percentage of inactive time, and percentage of active time spent in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity step activity. Results A significant ( P P Conclusions Compared with younger children with CP and age- and sex-matched TD youth, older youth with CP generally displayed step activity patterns typified by lower levels of physical activity and a greater degree of inactivity. These findings highlight the need to provide multiple opportunities for adolescents with CP to engage in a variety of physical activities that are appropriate to their needs, abilities, and preferences and that can aid in maintaining functional mobility, health, and quality of life.
A quality improvement evaluation case study: impact on public health outcomes and agency culture.

Background Quality improvement (QI) is increasingly recognized as an important strategy to improve healthcare services and health outcomes, including reducing health disparities. However, there is a paucity of evidence documenting the value of QI to public health agencies and services. Purpose The purpose of this project was to support and assess the impact on the outcomes and organizational culture of a QI project to increase immunization rates among children aged 2 years (4:3:1:3:3:1 series) within a large public health agency with a major pediatric health mission. Methods The intervention consisted of the use of a model-for-improvement approach to QI for the delivery of immunization services in public health clinics, utilizing plan-do-study-act cycles and multiple QI techniques. A mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) model of evaluation was used to collect and analyze data from June 2009 to July 2011 to support both summative and developmental evaluation. The Florida Immunization Registry (Florida SHOTS [State Health Online Tracking System]) was used to monitor and analyze changes in immunization rates from January 2009 to July 2012. An interrupted time-series application of covariance was used to assess significance of the change in immunization rates, and paired comparison using parametric and nonparametric statistics were used to assess significance of pre- and post-QI culture items. Results Up-to-date immunization rates increased from 75% to more than 90% for individual primary care clinics and the overall county health department. In addition, QI stakeholder scores on ten key items related to organizational culture increased from pre- to post-QI intervention. Statistical analysis confirmed significance of the changes. Conclusions The application of QI combined with a summative and developmental evaluation supported refinement of the QI approach and documented the potential for QI to improve population health outcomes and improve public health agency culture.
An Application Node System Image Manager Subsystem within a Distributed Function Laboratory Computer System

A computer system to control and acquire data from five neutron scattering, four neutron diffraction, and one x-ray diffraction experiments located at the Brookhaven National Laboratory High Flux Beam Reactor has operated in a routine manner for over three years. The computer system is configured as a network of computer processors with the processor interconnections assuming a star-like structure. At the points of the star are the ten experiment control-data acquisition computers, referred to as application nodes. At the center of the star is a shared service node which supplies a set of shared services utilized by all of the application nodes. A program development node occupies one additional point of the star. The design and implementation of a network subsystem to support development and execution of operating systems for the application nodes is described.
Entrepreneurial Ambitions in the Public Sector

In this article, I study charter schools as social innovations within the population of established public educational institutions. I begin by briefly outlining the history of public schools in the United States. Organizational theories are applied to explain the perpetuation of the structure of public schools since World War II. Next, I delineate the characteristics of educational reform movements in the United States by focusing on the charter school movement. Then, I use an evolutionary approach to study the environmental characteristics that drive the perceived need for innovation and the promotion of experimentation. Using data compiled from the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, the Census Bureau, and North Carolina State Data Center, I examine the characteristics of the local environment that promotes the submission of charter school applications in North Carolina over a three-year period, 1996-1998. It is shown that school districts in need of school choice do have a higher mean charter school submission rate. Also, some community characteristics and available resources are important for the initial stage of charter school formation.
Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the developing chick embryo.

Abstract 1. 1. Before day 9 of incubation, chick embryos contain no measurable alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. 2. 2. Following day 9 of incubation, chick embryo liver ADH activity increases as a linear function of liver mass. 3. 3. A single dose of ethanol given at the start of incubation is cleared only slowly prior to day 9 of incubation but is completely cleared by day 13. 4. 4. Chick embryo liver ADH has two detectable isozymes throughout development. The percentage contribution of each isozyme to total ADH activity does not change significantly during development. 5. 5. The Km apparent of chick liver ADH is significantly increased shortly after hatching relative to the Km apparent of embryonic ADH. 6. 6. Ethanol exposure during incubation has no effect on the development of ADH activity or isozyme distribution.
Microchannels with rectangular and arched core shapes fabricated using sacrificial etching

A study of relevant fabrication parameters is presented for a process that uses chemical etching of sacrificial cores to produce long, hollow microchannels. Two different sacrificial materials are investigated, SU8 and reflowed photoresist. These two materials produce channel cross sections with rectangular and arch-shaped cores, respectively. Fabrication times based on etch removal rates of sacrificial materials are reported for SU8 core microchannels and for a hybrid core consisting of reflowed photoresist and aluminum layers. The hybrid design takes advantage of the fast etch times possible for aluminum, but also produces smooth, arched sidewalls. Structural integrity is also investigated for different microchannels, specifically the wall thickness required to produce an intact channel of a given width. Empirical design rules indicate that SU8-based core channels require a wall thickness-to-width ratio of greater than 1:10, and reflowed photoresist based structures require a ratio greater than 1:50.
Visual masking and the contrast-flash effect.

Abstract We have compared the effect of disk-shaped masking flashes, 2° or 8° dia, to the effect of an annular contrast-flash, 2–8° dia, on the threshold for a 2° test flash. At all stimulus onset asynchronies and stimulus intensities studied, the threshold curves for the annulus are similar to those for the masking disks. We have evaluated the possibility that the annulus acts like a masking disk due to light scattered from the annulus to its center, and find that when stimulus onsets are synchronous, scattered light can account for the annulus data. When the test onset precedes the annulus onset by 100 msec, scattered light cannot account for the results.
On keeping logic in its place

There need be no real dispute on this panel about what is meant , in the broades t terms, by formal semant ics (FS) when opposed to c o m m o n s e n s e semant ics (CSS): after registering his complaints and worries, the opposit ion David Israel opts for in his paper is broadly the one adopted here, and the model theore t ic semanticis ts he mentions will do just fine for me, and I suspect for Karen Sparck-Jones in her characterisation of a " logicis t" approach to natural language processing. As will appear below, though, I want to list a range of s t rengths of FS c o m m i t m e n t , no t all of which are modeltheoret ic . So, whatever we find to argue about on this panel, it n e e d n ' t be those two terms.
Statistical properties of many-particle spectra VI. Fluctuation bounds on N-NT-noninvariance

Abstract The preceding paper (V) shows that fluctuation analysis applied to experimental data in a chaotic region of the nuclear spectrum, determines values or bounds for a parameter Λ, proportional to the mean-squared near-diagonal matrix element of a symmetry-breaking interaction. The immediate interest is with time-reversal invariance (TRI) for which bounds, not values, are found. We show here how this information can be reduced to a bound on α, the relative magnitude of the time-reversal noninvariant (TRNI) part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. This is done in terms of the level and transition-strength densities, both given as explicit functions of the Hamiltonian parameters. It is shown that, just as univariate Gaussian densities are essential ingredients of the state density, so also bivariate Gaussians enter naturally into a theory for the transition strengths. Calculations made for a subset, namely 167,169Er, 233Th, and 239U, of the nuclei considered in (V), give α≲2×10−3, a value which by some arguments is at the boundary of fundamental interest. It is found that ΛD α 2 is roughly constant over the periodic table and varies only slowly with energy. This implies that, for α-bounds better by perhaps a factor 4 (or α-values), we need more small strengths in nuclei with small spacings such as 236U (which presently yields no Λ-bound). The methods introduced here, which admit a number of simplifying approximations, are applicable to TRI studies via detailed-balance experiments proceeding through a compound nucleus, to other symmetries, and to a wide class of other problems.
Thio sugars by isomerization of carbohydrate thionocarbonates.

Abstract Certain thionocarbonate derivatives of sugars isomerize to the corresponding monothiolcarbonates in the presence of potassium iodide. Structural requirements for isomerization are that the thionocarbonate must include a primary carbon atom of the sugar in a ring and that there be no unprotected hydroxyl groups in the derivative. The 3-O-acetyl (1) and the 3-O-p-tolylsulfonyl (2) derivatives of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α- D -glucofuranose 5,6-thionocarbonate gave the corresponding monothiolcarbonates (3) and (4) in excellent yields. In contrast, the parent compound unprotected at C-3 gave no monothiolcarbonate. Methyl 2,3-di-O-methyl-α- D -glucopyranoside 4,6-thionocarbonate (5) afforded the 4,6-monothiolcarbonate (7). With each isomerized product, thiolation occurred at the C-6 position. When treated under similar conditions, two carbohydrate cyclic thionocarbonates involving only secondary carbon atoms, and two acyclic thionocarbonates of fully protected sugars, underwent negligible isomerization.
Staining sex chromatin; Biebrich scarlet and fast green FCF as a mixture versus their use in sequence.

Human skin was fixed in Davidson's solution (95% alcohol, 35; formalin, 20; glacial acetic acid, 10; and distilled water, 35—parts by volume) and sections prepared through paraffin embedding in the usual manner. Stock stains were: I(BS)—Biebrich scarlet, 1 gm in 100 ml of 50% alcohol to which 0.3 gm of phosphotungstic acid and 5 ml of glacial acetic acid were added—and II(FG)—fast green, 0.5 gm in 85 ml of 50% alcohol to which 0.3 gm of phosphotungstic acid, 0.3 gm of phosphomolybdic acid, and 15 ml of glacial acetic acid were added. Experimental staining solutions were prepared in the following proportions of stock BS to stock FG—1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Sections were brought to 50% alcohol and stained for 15, 20, 25 and 30 min in each of the five BS-FG mixtures, rinsed in 50% alcohol, then dehydrated in 70%, 95%, and absolute alcohol, 2 min each; cleared in xylene, and covered in balsam. The 2:1 (optimum proportion) combination of BS with FG, acting for 20 min, yielded 97% sex chromatin-positive nucl...
Classroom learning of meaningful prose by college students as a function of sensory mode of stimulus presentation.

A classroom experiment was performed to determine whether auditory or visual presentation of meaningful material is more efficient in producing learning. Prose material was presented to four groups of college students, either visually, by giving each S a mimeographed copy of the material to read, or in the auditory modality by a lecturer actually present in the classroom, through a television monitor, or through a radio. A fifth (control) group read material irrelevant to the subsequent retention test. A multiple-choice retention test indicated that with presentation time the same for all Ss, direct reading of the material (visual) produced retention levels that were higher than those for the three auditory methods of presentation. This result was explained in terms of the greater practice opportunities available to the direct reading group and the visual nature of the retention test. The absence of systematic differences among the three auditory groups suggested that when the only necessary channel of co...
The value of user feedback

Information retrieval systems and their users engage in a dialogue. While the main flow of information is from the system to the user, feedback from the user to the system provides many opportunities for short-term and long-term learning. In this talk, I will explore two interrelated questions that are central to the effective use of feedback. First, how can user feedback be collected so that it does not lay a burden on the user? I will argue that the mechanisms for collecting feedback have to be integrated into the design of the retrieval process, so that the user's short-term goals are well-aligned with the system's goal of collecting feedback. Second, if this integration succeeds, how valuable is the information that user feedback provides? For the tasks of retrieval evaluation and query disambiguation, the talk will quantify by how much user feedback can save human annotator effort and improve retrieval quality respectively.
Nonparametric regression with rescaled time series errors

We consider a heteroscedastic nonparametric regression model with an autoregressive error process of finite known order p. The heteroscedasticity is incorporated using a scaling function defined at uniformly spaced design points on an interval [0,1]. We provide an innovative nonparametric estimator of the variance function and establish its consistency and asymptotic normality. We also propose a semiparametric estimator for the vector of autoregressive error process coefficients that is consistent and asymptotically normal for a sample size T. Explicit asymptotic variance covariance matrix is obtained as well. Finally, the finite sample performance of the proposed method is tested in simulations.
Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression in Males

The effects of provocation of emotions and human physical aggression were examined using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Fifty-four males participated in the com- petitive task with a fictitious opponent. Participants were assigned to two conditions, low-constant provocation and increasing provocation. Aggression was defined as the intensity of electric shocks participants selected for the opponent to receive. Negative emotions (threat, harm) and positive emotions (benefit, challenge) were assessed at four times during the experimental task. The results revealed that both aggr essive responding and harm emotions differed as a function of opponent's level of provoca- tion. There was little compelling evidence that emotions served as an important inter- vening variable in the relationship between provocation and aggression. Aggr. Behav.
Differentiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the alginate‐producing form: inactivation of mucB causes conversion to mucoidy

Summary Mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a critical virulence factor associated with chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis. A cluster of three tightly linked genes. algU, mucA and mucB located at 67.5 min, controls development of mucoid phenotype. This locus is allelic with a group of mutations (muc) associated with conversion into constitutively mucoid forms. One of the genes previously characterized in this region, algU, is absolutely required for the transcriptional activation of algD, a critical event in the establishment of mucoidy. AlgU is homologous to the alternative sigma factor σ;H (Spo0H) controlling sporulation and competence in Bacillus. Two genes downstream of algU, mucA and mucB were further characterized in this study. Previous complementation studies have demonstrated that mucA is required for suppression of mucoidy in the muc-2 strain PAO568. In this work, complementation analysis indicated that, in addition. mucB was required for suppression of mucoidy in the muc-25 strain PAO581, and for enhanced complementation of the muc-2 mutation in PAO568. The complete nucleotide sequence of mucA and mucH was determined. Insertional inactivation of mucB on the chromosome of the standard genetic strain PAO resulted in mucoid phenotype, and in a strong transcriptional activation of algD. Thus, a loss of mucB function is sufficient to cause conversion of P. aeruginosa into the mucoid phenotype. Since the algU-mucA-mucB region is a general site where muc mutations have been mapped, it is likely that mucB participates in the emergence of mucoid forms. Both mucA and mucB play a regulatory role in concert with the sigma-like factor AlgU; all three genes, along with signal transduction and histone-like elements, control differentiation of P. aeruginosa into the mucoid phenotype.
Signal Transduction and Signal Modulation by Cell Adhesion Receptors: The Role of Integrins, Cadherins, Immunoglobulin-Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Selectins

Cell adhesion is critical for the genesis and maintenance of both three-dimensional structure and normal function in tissues. The biochemical entities mediating cell adhesion are multiprotein complexes comprising three broad classes of macromolecules: the adhesion receptors, the extracellular matrix
‘To Raise the Savage to a Higher Level’: The Westernization of Nagas and their Culture

Westernization is a pervasive modern phenomenon. Its impact is more pervasive and pernicious than many people are aware and/or willing to admit. The spread of the dominant Western culture has caused a gradual demise of many peripheral cultures. The incursion of Western agents into Naga soil, beginning with British military conquest and American missionary intrusion, has resulted in a significant influence and westernization of Nagas and their culture and worldview. Consequently, it is almost a cliche to assert that since colonial contact the long-evolved Naga traditional values are being replaced by Western values. Today, the literal colonization of Nagas by the imperial West has ended, but the process of westernization is continuing, thanks to the ongoing influence being exerted by modern media, technology and other trends of globalization. My objective in this paper is not to highlight the ‘form’ or ‘material’ aspect of the culture, such as clothing (although mimicry in this area is almost faultless among a large section of Nagas), rather, my goal is to discuss the current state of mindset and fundamental cultural structures of the Nagas that have resulted from the adjustments in the lives and minds of the people because of the imposition of westernization. In fact, it is more than merely a process of adjustment consequent upon conquest, it is an extensive overhauling of cultural institutions, values and practices. I will underscore the westernization of some basic social structures and the mindset of the people.
Why do granular materials stiffen with shear rate? Test of novel stress-based statistics.

(Dated: October 27, 2008)Recent experiments exhibit a rate-dependence for granular shear such that the stress grows linearly in thelogarithm of the shear rate, ˙g. Assuming a generalized activated process mechanism, we show that these obser-vations are consistent with a recent proposal for a stress-based statistical ensemble. By contrast, predictions forrate-dependence using conventional energy-based statistical mechanics to describe activated processes, predictsa rate dependence that of (ln(˙g))
Multi-level annotation of natural scenes using dominant image components and semantic concepts

Automatic image annotation is a promising solution to enable semantic image retrieval via keywords. In this paper, we propose a multi-level approach to annotate the semantics of natural scenes by using both the dominant image components (salient objects) and the relevant semantic concepts. To achieve automatic image annotation at the content level, we use salient objects as the dominant image components for image content representation and feature extraction. To support automatic image annotation at the concept level, a novel image classification technique is developed to map the images into the most relevant semantic image concepts. In addition, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are used to learn the detection functions for the pre-defined salient objects and finite mixture models are used for semantic concept interpretation and modeling. An adaptive EM algorithm has been proposed to determine the optimal model structure and model parameters simultaneously. We have also demonstrated that our algorithms are very effective to enable multi-level annotation of natural scenes in a large-scale image dataset.
Web-Based Content Management System for Equipment Information

Web-Based Content Management System for Equipment Information Ryan Taylor Utah Nanofab, College of Engineering, University of Utah Category: Information management, Computers and administration Our lab has developed a database driven content management system for lab members to obtain up to date information on the status and availability of tools from any web browser. The system displays whether a tool is up, down or in a caution state. It provides a calendar of upcoming reservations-either in- browser or as an ical file. Tools can be pinpointed on a map. Tool specific downloads can be stored in a versionable file repository with tiered access to control visibility to each of 3 groups: lab staff, lab members and the general public. Administration views and controls are available to lab staff when logged in. The system can be configured to use OpenCoral as the data backend. By installing the JasperServer reporting engine, a number of reports covering lab usage, equipment metrics and repair history can also be hosted and linked to the same set of information. This presentation will demonstrate how our web system is accessed by first going through the typical experience of a lab member, from authentication to looking up tool information, including the availability of reservation slots and any problems that have been reported on the tool. Then the user interface that is used by administrators for updating information and uploading files will be shown. The second portion of the demonstration will show the software components that make up the system and give an overview of how to install the application onto an existing web server. The software is based on a typical LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) stack with LDAP authentication on the backend. Database storage can also use PostgreSQL. The JasperReports reporting engine is used for displaying reports. I will discuss the various caveats that need to be considered when setting up and connecting these systems, as well as plans for future improvements. Contact Information: Ryan Taylor ryant@nanofab.utah.edu
AN ASYNCHRONOUS DBN FOR AUDIO-VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION

We investigate an asynchronous two-stream dynamic Bayesian network-based model for audio-visual speech recognition. The model allows the audio and visual streams to de-synchronize within the boundaries of each word. The probability of de-synchronization by a given number of states is learned during training. This type of asynchrony has been previously used for pronunciation modeling and for visual speech recognition (lipreading); however, this is its first application to audiovisual speech recognition. We evaluate the model on an audiovisual corpus of English digits (CUAVE) with different levels of added acoustic noise, and compare it to several baselines. The asynchronous model outperforms audio-only and synchronous audio-visual baselines. We also compare models with different degrees of allowed asynchrony and find that the lowest error rate on this task is achieved when the audio and visual streams are allowed to de-synchronize by up to two states.