cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-097: High resolution analysis of clonal dynamics using lineage tracing and single cell transcriptomics

The immense evolutionary capacity of cancer poses major challenges to current therapeutic efforts, and results from the vast clonal heterogeneity and ability of individual cancer cells to adapt to diverse selective pressures. More complete mechanistic understanding of the basis of therapeutic resistance has been limited by difficulties in coupling genetic identity of cells to their respective transcriptomic and functional outputs. To this end, we developed a novel high-complexity expressed barcode system, ClonMapper, that integrates DNA barcoding with single-cell RNA-sequencing and clonal isolation to characterize thousands of clones within a mixed cancer cellpopulation. In applying this system to breast cancer and B cell cancer cell lines in the setting of resistance to doxorubicin and fludarabine-based chemotherapy, we discover pretreatment sub-populations with distinct expression profiles that not only confer distinct treatment survivorship trajectories, but also provide the basis for long-term clonal equilibrium between co-existing clones in the absence of treatment. These data reveal the diverse clonal characteristics and therapeutic responses of a heterogeneous cancer cell population and highlight the unprecedented resolution that can be achieved using ClonMapper. Citation Format: Eric A. Brenner, Daylin Morgan, Aziz Al9Khafaji, Catherine Gutierrez, Catherine J. Wu, Amy Brock. High resolution analysis of clonal dynamics using lineage tracing and single cell transcriptomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-097.
An agent-based approach to modeling insider threat

Insider threat research and modeling has focused on the individual and the prediction of an insider threat incident. The majority of these models are statistical with inputs from psychological and social (work environment) assessments. These statistical analyses tend toward trend-projections using various regression models. The modeling presented in this paper implements the agent-based paradigm that is designed to explore the primary elements of an insider threat. Specifically, the insider (represented as an agent) interacts with other employees and the organization (also represented as agents) in an environment that provides the opportunity and necessary access to become an insider threat. The specific research question we seek to answer is "How and when does an insider that is pre-disposed to being a threat make the decision to become an active insider threat?" The model met the research objective: capture insider threat behavior given the set of assumptions governing agent behavior.
Aedes aegypti dyspepsia encodes a novel member of the SLC16 family of transporters and is critical for reproductive fitness.

As a key vector for the major arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya, control of Aedes aegypti represents a major challenge in public health. Bloodmeal acquisition is necessary for the reproduction of vector mosquitoes and pathogen transmission. Blood contains potentially toxic amounts of iron while it provides nutrients for mosquito offspring; disruption of iron homeostasis in the mosquito may therefore lead to novel control strategies. We previously described a potential iron exporter in Ae. aegypti after a targeted functional screen of ZIP (zinc-regulated transporter/Iron-regulated transporter-like) and ZnT (zinc transporter) family genes. In this study, we performed an RNAseq-based screen in an Ae. aegypti cell line cultured under iron-deficient and iron-excess conditions. A subset of differentially expressed genes were analyzed via a cytosolic iron-sensitive dual-luciferase reporter assay with several gene candidates potentially involved in iron transport. In vivo gene silencing resulted in significant reduction of fecundity (egg number) and fertility (hatch rate) for one gene, termed dyspepsia. Silencing of dyspepsia reduced the induction of ferritin expression in the midgut and also resulted in delayed/impaired excretion and digestion. Further characterization of this gene, including a more direct confirmation of its substrate (iron or otherwise), could inform vector control strategies as well as to contribute to the field of metal biology.
Historical Trends in Expressive Timing Strategies: Chopin's Etude, Op. 25 no. 1

Studies of early 20 th -century performance practice tend to focus on features that are alien to late 20 th - and early 21 st -century ears. Empirical analysis of timing in recordings of Chopin's Etude, Op. 25 no. 1—a piece for which performance style has remained relatively static—suggests how some foundational rules of phrasing and expressive nuance have changed over the history of recorded music. Melody note onsets were marked manually in 127 commercial recordings dating from 1909 to 2016. Overall, the data do not show an increase or decrease over time in the amount of tempo fluctuation. Independently of a tendency to use slower tempi, pianists changed the way they employ rubato. Several factors contribute to a trend whereby the fourth beat is lengthened at the expense of the second and third beats: an increase in phrase-final lengthening, an increase in the use of tempo arching for shorter groups of measures, and a tendency to delay the arrival of an accented dissonance or change of harmony instead of lengthening the melody inter-onset interval that contains it. The data illustrate nearly imperceptible shifts in interpretation and suggest that some practices thought to be the bedrock of expressive performance may be historically conditioned.
Range-Dependent Inversion for Seabed Parameters Using Vector Acoustic Measurements of Underwater Ship Noise

The Intensity Vector Autonomous Recorder (IVAR) measures acoustic particle velocity and pressure simultaneously. IVAR was deployed on the seabed during the 2017 Seabed Characterization Experiment (SBCEX) with the primary objective to study sound propagation within underwater waveguides for which the seabed consists of fine-grained, muddy sediments. In this study, a Bayesian framework is applied to underwater noise recorded by IVAR from a cargo ship traversing the central region of the SBCEX2017 area for the purpose of inversion to characterize sediment properties. The vector acoustic data are in the form of a bounded, nondimensional form known as circularity, a quantity that is independent of the ship noise-source spectrum and that can be interpreted as the normalized curl of active intensity. The inversion model space for the seabed consists of a low-compressional speed layer and underlying basement half-space, with each having compressional and shear components. The interpretative model for producing a replica of the data is based on the plane wave reflection coefficient for a layered, elastic seabed in conjunction with the depth-dependent Green’s function that is integrated in the complex wave number plane to obtain pressure and particle velocity fields. The small change in water depth between the location of the ship source and IVAR is addressed using adiabatic mode theory. The inversion results exhibit slow variation over the 20-min observation period, representing approximately 5 km of travel by the ship source.
Maternal prenatal selenium levels and child risk of neurodevelopmental disorders: A prospective birth cohort study

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element involved in various biological processes, including neurodevelopment. Available literature indicates that both Se deficiency and excess may be detrimental to health. It is also known that Se can cross the placenta from maternal to fetal circulation. To date, the role of maternal Se status in child long-term neurodevelopment is largely unexplored. This study investigated the temporal and dose-response associations between maternal Se status and child risk of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It consisted of 1550 mother-infant dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort. Maternal red blood cell (RBC) Se levels were measured in samples collected within 72 h of delivery (biomarker of third trimester Se status). Pediatric neurodevelopmental diagnoses were obtained from electronic medical records. Data analyses showed that maternal RBC Se levels were positively associated with child risk of developing ASD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.49 for ASD (95% CI: 1.09, 2.02) per IQR increase in Se. There was also a positive association between maternal Se and ADHD (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56, per IQR increase in Se). These associations remained robust even after adjusting for pertinent covariables; and there was no significant interaction between Se and these covariables. Our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to high maternal Se levels may adversely affect child neurodevelopment. Our findings warrant further investigation; if confirmed, optimizing maternal prenatal Se levels may be necessary to maximize its health benefits while preventing undue risk.
Food Nutrition Ranking

Please download the sample Excel files from https://github.com/hhohho/master-Excel-through-projects for this chapter’s exercises. This chapter’s project is about food nutrition ranking. This Excel project derives from a request from a dear colleague, Dr. Katie Martin (thanks to both Dr. Katie Martin and Dr. Joseph Manthey).
Contemporary thoughts on aspects of applied microbiology.

Publisher Summary Applied microbiology is not an exact science. It lacks the firm base that theorems and principles give to mathematics and physical sciences. Applied microbiology embraces and encroaches on many different disciplines and specialties—physiology, engineering, biochemistry, adsorption, tissue culture, and extractions of various kinds. The chapter deals with the biological, nonbiological, and mathematical aspects of applied microbiology. In the past, as the study of a single cell or microbe was impracticable, pure cultures of organisms grown in batch culture were, of necessity, used instead. The dominance of batch culture in microbiology is challenged now by new techniques that encourage novel, and somewhat heretical, developments for microbiological studies. Nonbiological factors are mainly chemical and physical in nature and are of primary importance to the engineer who, by designing and operating his equipment, arranges, provides, and controls the environment for the cells. The chapter further considers the relationship of mathematics to microbial growth and its applications.
Pore damage in cementitious binders caused by deicer salt frost exposure

Abstract Pore structure measurements on scaled-off materials from concrete specimens subjected to deicer salt frost exposure and on the control mortar samples were undertaken in order to better understand the causes for deicer salt scaling. Nitrogen sorption isotherms were obtained and the results clearly demonstrate that pore damage is severe with an increase in apparent capillary porosity of over 50%. This is strong evidence of excessive pore pressure due to ice-growth within the surface region, which is promoted by the additional liquid present in the salt solution on concrete surface. The 3-D pore stresses in the surface zone result in residual compressive stresses within the two confined directions (length and width) and a net tensile stress in the unconfined direction. This stress state causes “popout” of the cement paste. Ice nucleation and associated growth is controlled by paste pore structure that governs the rate of liquid transport by suction. Effective means of mitigating deicer salt scaling are: reduction in paste porosity by lowering water-binder (w/b) ratio or by means of pozzolanic reactions; utilization of hydrophobic surface treatment using silanes. A refined sorptivity model is presented to evaluate the scaling resistance of concrete.
Flow cytometric monitoring of drug resistance in human tumor cells.

Recent studies have identified a family of glycoproteins which moulate cellular transport of antibiotics, alkaloids and drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. By facilitating efflux of drugs from the intracellular domain, these proteins reduce cytotoxicity and thus confer drug resistance. With the availability of antibodies raised against these phenotypic markers of drug resistance, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry has been used to study their distribution and expression in normal and tumor cells. As some of the drugs used in cancer chemotherapy and other dyes which are substrates for this efflux pump are fluorescent, laser flow cytometry can be used for rapid quantitation of cellular retention, efflux and heterogeneity in drug transport of a tumor cell population. This method can also be used to screen drugs which may block efflux of a chemotherpeutic drug and thus increase chemosensitivity of a drug resistant tumor. In the present report flow cytometric methods for the study of drug transport and its modulation in tumor cells are discussed.
METABOLISM OF d-RIBOSE-1-C14 AND C14-LABELED d-GLUCONATE IN AN ENZYME SYSTEM OF THE GENUS PROPIONIBACTERIUM

Stjernholm, Rune L. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio) and Frank Flanders. Metabolism of d-ribose-1-C14 and C14-labeled d-gluconate in an enzyme system of the genus Propionibacterium. J. Bacteriol. 84:563–568. 1962.—Ribose-1-C14 and potassium gluconate labeled in different positions were incubated with cell-free extracts of Propionibacterium shermanii. The resulting propionate, acetate, and succinate were isolated and the C14 distribution determined by degradation. It is proposed that the extensive randomization observed is caused by the conversion of the labeled substrates to fructose-6-phosphate via the transketolase-transaldolase sequence followed by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and that the triosephosphates produced by these metabolic routes are metabolized via pyruvate to succinate and propionate.
Use of medical informatics to implement and develop clinical practice guidelines.

Abstract Clinical practice guidelines have enormous potential to improve the quality of and accountability in health care. Making the most of this potential should become easier as guideline developers integrate guidelines within information systems and electronic medical records. A major barrier to such integration is the lack of computing infrastructure in many clinical settings. To successfully implement guidelines in information systems, developers must create more specific recommendations than those that have been required for traditional guidelines. Using reusable software components to create guidelines can make the development of protocols faster and less expensive. In addition, using decision models to produce guidelines enables developers to structure guideline problems systematically, to prioritize information acquisition, to develop site-specific guidelines, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the explicit incorporation of patient preferences into guideline recommendations. Ongoing research provides a foundation for the use of guideline development tools that can help developers tailor guidelines appropriately to their practice settings. This article explores how medical informatics can help clinicians find, use, and create practice guidelines.
The “Tandem Photoelectrolysis Plant” Concept: A Strategy for Fuel Production via Biomass Conversion Wastes

One often-overlooked difficulty associated with the solar photoelectrolysis of water is the potential explosion hazard posed by the simultaneous evolution of hydrogen and oxygen. This problem can be addressed, in principle, by the addition of suitably-chosen redox electrolytes to the photoelectrolysis cell. We have found, as have A. J. Bard and his coworkers, that the evolution of oxygen can be suppressed completely in certain aqueous photoelectrolysis cells, with no adverse effect on either the photocurrent or the rate of cathodic hydrogen evolution, by simple carboxylate ions such as acetate or butyrate. In basic solutions, water-soluble products derived from the carboxylate ions are formed at the photoanode, but in acidic solutions, hydrocarbons such as ethane or hexane are formed (along with CO2) via a “photo-Kolbe” reaction. Such cells can therefore produce a valuable fuel mixture, consisting of hydrogen (from the cathode) and hydrocarbons (from the photoanode). Because both acetic acid and butyric acid are abundantly available in the aqueous effluent from the enzymatic digestion of biomass material, these observations lead to the concept of a “tandem photoelectrolysis plant”, in which a photoelectrolysis device would derive its input water supply from a biomass conversion device. While the problems of electrode stability and light absorption still remain to be solved, the approach described here completely eliminates the necessity of separating the anodic and cathodic gases produced in photoelectrolysis. This, in turn, can pave the way for the design of simple and less expensive photoelectrolysis plants than would otherwise be possible.
Reinvestigation of the Decays of Eu 146 and Pm 146 and the Existence of Two Close-Lying States at ≈1381 keV in Sm 146

The decays of ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{146}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{146}$ have been reinvestigated with the primary purpose of establishing the character of the second excited state previously reported at 1384 keV in ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{146}$. Gamma-gamma directional correlation data obtained from studies of both the beta decay of ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{146}$ and the electron capture and positron decay of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{146}$, along with the $K$-shell internal-conversion-coefficient data, establish the existence of two close-lying states in ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{146}$ at 1380.7 and 1382.0 keV with spins and parties 3- and 4+, respectively. The gamma-ray spectra were studied with a lithium-drifted germanium detector. In the beta decay of ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{146}$ the feeding of the 3- state is at least 9.7 times that to the 4+ state, while in the decay of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{146}$ the total feeding to the 3- state is \ensuremath{\approx}1.2 times that to the 4+ state. In addition, gamma-ray energies and intensities are presented for the transitions observed in the decay of ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{144}$ to ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$ and ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{146}$ to ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{146}$ and ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{146}$, and for some of the more intense transitions observed in the decay of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{146}$. Energy systematics of 3- and 4+ states for even-even nuclei in the transition region $A=142 \mathrm{to} 152$ are presented.
Interplay between Landau and Stark quantizations in GaAs/Ga0.65Al0.35As superlattices.

Observation des echelles de Landau attachees a chaque transition de Stark dans les super-reseaux GaAs/Ga 0,65 Al 0,35 As en presence de champs magnetique et electrique parallele a l'axe de croissance, z. Pour certains rapports des champs magnetique et electrique, les anticroisements surviennent entre les echelles de Landau associees a des niveaux de Stark differents. Le couplage entre les echelles de Landau est attribue a l'interaction excitonique et au melange des bandes de valence. Lors de l'augmentation du champ magnetique perpendiculaire au champ electrique (B⊥Z), les transitions excitoniques de Stark s'elargissent et leurs intensites diminuent. Ce comportement peut etre explique en termes d'une competition entre les localisations induites par le champ magnetique et celles induites par le champ electrique
Schrödinger Equation Monte Carlo-3D for simulation of nanoscale MOSFETs

A computational efficient quantum transport simulator, Schrodinger equation Monte Carlo in three dimensions (SEMC-3D), for simulating carrier quantum transport subject to scattering in 3D nanoscale MOSFETs is presented. SEMC-3D self-consistently solves (1) for the 2D-confined eigenstates across the channel as a function of position along the channel, (2) the quasi-1D quantum transport equations for injected carriers propagating through the simulation region within the each subband subject to a rigorous treatment of various intra- and inter-subband and valley scattering processes, and (3) the 3D Poisson equation. The technique, an extension of prior 1D and 2D versions of SEMC but subject to some significantly different computational considerations, is briefly described. SEMC-3D simulations of a Si omega-gate nano-scale nMOSFET are provided to illustrate the modeling capabilities and computational efficiency of SEMC-3D.
1554 AMPICILLIN-INDUCED AMINOACIDURIA

In the process of performing metabolic screening tests using thin layer chromatography, we noted that 41 of 1,450 urine specimens(3%) contained both amino acids and ampicillin. When serum amino acid levels were measured, they were normal. In order to further delineate the nature of the aminoaciduria, urinary amino acid excretion was measured using high performance liquid chromatography in 10 patients receiving ampicillin. Urinary serine and glycine were elevated in all patients, aspartate and glutamate in eight, valine in seven, alanine and lysine in six and tyrosine in five. A minority had elevations in histidine, methionine and leucine. In an additional group of four patients, amino acids and beta2 microgobulins were measured in urine samples obtained before, during and after ampicillin administration. The increase in amino acid excretion could be demonstrated within 1-3 days after starting ampicillin, and was generally still present 2-3 days following completion of ampicillin therapy. Two of the four also had elevated urinary beta2 microglobulin levels. These findings suggest that ampicillin can damage the proximal tubule and impair the reabsorption of amino acids. In view of the frequent use of ampicillin, and the growing practice of screening for inborn errors of metabolism, the clinician should be aware that ampicillin can produce a generalized aminoaciduria.
Diffuse Lewy body disease: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of senile plaques.

The nature of senile plaques (SP) in 27 cases of diffuse Lewy body disease (LBD) was investigated using immunocytochemistry and antibodies to beta amyloid protein synthetic peptides (BetaSP), ubiquitin (UBQ), paired helical filaments (PHF; Ab39) and a 68-kDa protein in Alzheimer brains (Alz50). Lewy bodies were present in widespread areas of the neocortex of all cases and were more easily detected with ubiquitin immunocytochemistry than with conventional stains. All cases had neocortical SP, but only six cases had neocortical neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). SP were very numerous in most cases and were usually “pale”, “diffuse” or “very primitive” plaques with thioflavin S fluorescent microscopy. SP in diffuse LBD were immunostained with BetaSP. Several cases had extensive amyloid angiopathy that was also immunoreactive with BetaSP. SP in diffuse LBD were characterized by amyloid deposits with few or no neuritic elements that could be detected with thioflavin S, Bielschowsky's stain or double staining with BetaSP and Bodian's silver stain. They differed from plaques in Alzheimer's disease by lack of PHF-type neurites that could be stained with Ab39. In diffuse LBD, SP contained PHF-type neurites only in areas coexistent with NFT. Some SP had round, granular neurites that were immunoreactive with UBQ, but weakly argyrophilic with Bodian's stain and nonfluorescent with thioflavin S. Diffuse LBD lacked significant neuritic change in the neuropil that could be detected with UBQ, Ab39 and Alz50. The latter finding is a characteristic feature that distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from diffuse LBD.
Prediction of nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in sentinel node-positive breast carcinoma

The incidence of nonsentinel (NSN) lymph node metastases in patients with a tumor-positive sentinel (SN) lymph node varies greatly from 20% to 70% in the published literature. Current practice is that most patients with a positive SN (micro- and macrometastases) undergo a complete axillary dissection. However, it has been shown by other investigators that a large number of patients with a positive SN do not necessarily need a complete axillary dissection. In this analysis, we reviewed the pathology slides from 58 patients who had undergone SN and axillary node dissection. The tumor size, histologic parameters, receptor (estrogen and progesterone), and HER-2neu oncoprotein expression were noted. Student t test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Of 58 patients, 19 (32.7%) had NSN metastases. Primary tumor size (P < .002), size of SN metastatic tumor (P < .03), and the presence of extracapsular tumor extension (P < .0001) were associated significantly with NSN metastases. We have shown in this study that it would be possible to predict the NSN status based on primary tumor size, size of SN metastatic tumor, and presence of SN extracapsular tumor extension.
Prostate-specific antigen kinetics after external beam irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate

Abstract Purpose : A mathematical model that describes the kinetics of prostate-specific antigen measured in patients who received therapeutic doses of radiation therapy is presented. The clinical implications of the model are also investigated. Methods and Materials : Data from 122 patients treated at Stanford University between December 1985 and December 1990 were used. The general form of the model contains five parameters, two associated with a decreasing exponential, two with a rising exponential and one additional constant. A nonlinear steepest-descent procedure that minimized chi-squared was used to determine the parameters producing the best fit to a patient's data. The correlation of the model parameters with clinical findings was investigated using standard statistical techniques including multivariate life-table and logistic regression. Results : The data for all patients could be fit with either a decreasing exponential with or without the additional constant (nonrelapsing pattern with two or three parameters) or with a decreasing plus rising exponential (relapsing pattern with three or four parameters). In no instance were all five parameters of the general model required to describe a patient's data. Three of 61 patients with nonrelapsing patterns experienced clinical relapse, whereas 36 of 61 patients with relapsing patterns did. The logarithm of the initial prostate-specific antigen level and the corresponding model parameter correlated with T-stage and Gleason score. Among the patients with relapsing patterns, the nadir in antigen level occurred within 2 years of the start of treatment and the time to nadir, as calculated from the model parameters, was associated with the probability of clinical relapse. In no instance was the rate of initial decline ever exceeded by the rate of subsequent rise. Conclusion : The model is capable of describing the kinetics of prostate-specific antigen levels found in patients after receiving radiation therapy. The parameters derived from the model are strong correlates with clinical findings and patient outcome.
Does Saccadic Undershoot Minimize Saccadic Flight-time? A Monte-Carlo Study

Visually guided saccades to single targets undershoot by about 10% of the target distance, and require additional secondary saccades to foveate the target. We examine theoretically the hypothesis that undershooting is an economical strategy for maximizing the time for clear vision by minimizing saccadic flight-time. Using a simple stochastic model, Monte-Carlo simulations show that when the standard deviation of saccadic error is about 10% of the target distance the optimal gain of primary saccades is about 0.93-0.97 depending on the main sequence for saccade duration. When the standard deviation of saccadic error is large, as occurs in the human infant, the optimal gain decreases to about 0.6, which agrees with empirical observations. We conclude that saccadic undershoot is consistent with an adaptive controller that attempts to minimize total saccadic flight-time during sequences, rather than retinal error. The ethology and physiology of such a controller is discussed in the context of visual scanning and visual development.
Dual layer hollow fiber sorbents for trace H2S removal from gas streams

Hollow fiber sorbents are pseudo monolithic materials with potential use in various adsorption based applications. Dual layer hollow fiber sorbents have the potential to allow thermal regeneration without direct contact of the regeneration fluid with the sorbent particles. This paper considers the application of dual layer hollow fiber sorbents for a case involving trace amounts of H2S removal from a simulated gas stream and offers a comparison with single layer hollow fiber sorbents. The effect of spin dope composition and core layer zeolite loading on the gas flux, H2S transient sorption capacity and pore structure are also studied. This work can be used as a guide to develop and optimize dual layer hollow fiber sorbent properties beyond the specific example considered here.
The chemistry of vicinal tricarbonyls synthesis of 3,4,7-trisubstituted carbacephams

Abstract Carbapenams substituted at the 3,4, and 7 positions have been prepared, starting with an intramolecular addition of a β-lactam to the central carbonyl of a tricarbonyl residue. The stereochemistry of the fused ring system was elucidated by X-ray analysis.
Response of three shrub willow varieties (Salix spp.) to storm water treatments with different concentrations of salts

The effect of recycling storm water with high chloride concentrations on shrub willow growth was examined in a ten-week greenhouse study. Three willow varieties Salix miyabeana (SX64), Salix purpurea (9882-34), and Salix sachalinensisxSalix miyabeana (9870-40) were grown in organically-amended Solvay waste, and irrigated with five storm water concentrations containing 163, 325, 813, 1625, and 8125mgCl(-)L(-1) and a tap water control. Stomatal conductance values responded most rapidly to stress (after 4.5weeks), but height and leaf length measurements, which revealed signs of stress after 6 and 7weeks, might be more practical stress indicators for large-scale plantations. Even though variety 9870-40 was most sensitive with increasing concentrations of Solvay storm water, this variety had the greatest ET values during the ten-week trial. Storm water with concentrations up to 1625mgCl(-)L(-1) had no short-term effects on biomass accumulation and evapotranspiration.
Seizures and epilepsy in adolescents and adults.

Sofia Dobrin, MD ll individuals with epilepsy experience seizures, whereas all those with seizure do not have epilepsy. An epileptic seizure is a transient ccurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or ynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is a disorder of the rain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic eizures and by the neurobiologic, cognitive, and psychosocial conseuences of this condition. The definition of epilepsy requires the ccurrence of at least 1 epileptic seizure. In practice, however, epilepsy s most commonly diagnosed after 2 or more unprovoked seizures. Seizures can be acute, symptomatic, or unprovoked. Acute symptomatic eizures occur at the time of a systemic insult, such as during alcohol ithdrawal or in the setting of severe hypoglycemia, or in close temporal ssociation with a brain insult, such as in acute head trauma. The ondition leading to the seizure is believed to disrupt normal brain euronal physiology in a transient manner. Unprovoked seizures occur in he absence of such precipitating factors. Recurrent provoked seizures do ot constitute epilepsy and therefore do not require treatment with ntiepileptic medication. Epilepsy has many causes, including structural (eg, tumors, strokes, and ascular abnormalities), metabolic, infectious, and genetic. Often, no lear cause can be determined. Several epilepsy syndromes have been ecognized with clustering of symptoms and signs in epilepsies, which aid n accurate diagnosis and management of seizure disorders.
TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN RHEUMATIC DISEASE.

Five tryptophan metabolites were measured in the urine after an oral tryptophan load in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus and a variety of other diseases. An excessive excretion of kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine was a common but nonspecific occurrence in rheumatic disease. The excretion did not correlate well with various clinical parameters. Inhibition of pyridoxal-dependent hepatic enzymes may be the cause of the abnormality but the mechanism is unknown. Cinque metabolitos de tryptophano esseva mesurate in le urina post cargas oral de tryptophano administrate a patientes con arthritis rheumatoidee, scleroderma, lupus generalisate, e un varietate de altere morbos. Un excretion excessive de kynurenina e 3-hydroxykynurenina esseva un occurrentia commun sed non specific in casos de morbo rheumatic. Le excretion revelava nulle nette correlation con ulle del parametros clinic studiate. Inhibition de enzymas hepatic que depende de pyridoxal es possibilemente le causa del anormalitate mentionate, sed le mechanismo non es clar.
Ultraviolet laser contamination of quartz optics

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the cause of degradation of two quartz polarizers used in conjunction with a cw UV laser. UV transmission spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements of the damaged optic and laser-induced photolysis of one of the adhesives used to hold the polarizer in position indicate that the degradation is most probably a result of UV photolysis of adhesive residue. It would therefore be prudent to avoid use of all organic adhesives in UV laser optics. An alternative method of holding a quartz beam splitter without adhesives is described and is currently being used.
The ovulatory surge of gonadotropin and sexual receptivity in the female golden hamster

Abstract The present experiments were undertaken to study the nature of the relationship between ovulatory gonadotropin (GTH) release and subsequent sexual behavior in the hamster. GTH antiserum (GTH A/S) injected just prior to the release of the GTH surge prevented both ovulation and lordotic behavior. Both behavior and ovulation could be restored by injecting LH. FSH was effective in restoring ovulation but appeared to have less effect on behavior as compared to LH. Progesterone restored behavior but not ovulation. Large doses of estradiol had no effect on either parameter. The results suggest that ovulatory GTH release (especially LH) is a central event leading to the onset of a sexual receptivity. GTH probably acts by stimulating ovarian progesterone. This steroid acts to induce receptivity and also appears to induce a subsequent period during which the female is behaviorally refractory to sex steroids.
A Look at Computer Control in the Process Industres

The digital computer control of industrial processes is traced from its crude beginnings to its present state. Factors involved in its widespread acceptance are presented and analyzed, and several important trends are recognized.
Meditations on a Bullet: Violently Injured Young Men Discuss Masculinity, Disability and Blame

Violently-acquired spinal cord injury (VASCI) has recently emerged as a significant disability category. Identity formation following such a serious injury is important for psychosocial recovery. However, research examining individuals with VASCI is largely limited to epidemiological work prior to the injury and rehabilitation outcomes following the injury. This article details the results from a qualitative study to understand how young men with violently-acquired spinal cord injuries integrate the injury into their sense of self, as well as how the disability interacts with other aspects (e.g., racial/ethnic, gender, etc.) of their identity. Eleven men in this study were all former or current gang members, paralyzed because of their activities. Throughout the interviews four major themes emerged: environmental effects, making sense of the injury, living life on a split-screen, and challenges to masculinity. For the men in this study, the negative associations between disability and dependency affected their ability to integrate their injury positively into their identity.
Metabolism of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids in gourami (Trichogaster cosby) fry and mature females.

Abstract 1. 1. Female gouramis incorporated pulse-fed [U- 14 C]oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids more readily into roe than body lipids. Labeling was highest in eggs spawned 20–30 days after feeding. 2. 2. In the fry, linoleic and linolenic were catabolized more slowly than oleic acid, indicating conservation of the polyunsaturated acids in the early stage of life. 3. 3. In the mature female, metabolism of linolenic was distinct from that of the other acids by more extensive conversions and greater use of 14 C for de novo synthesis of fatty acids.
Respecting Relationships and Dia de Guadalupe: Q'eqchi' Mayan Identities in Livingston, Guatemala

When identities are understood as relationships between individuals, histories. and systems of power, tile dichotomies traditionally used to understand Latin American identities (i.e. indio vs. ladino) do not hold up under scrutiny. This article explores identity formation among Q'eqchi' Mayan migrants in Livingston, Guate-mala by examining the festival of the Virgen de Guadalupe and by analyzing a sociocultural model of meaning created and reproduced through everyday practice and processes of identification. By revealing how Q'eqchi' identities, and the cultural framework which shapes them, emerge from historic and contemporary relations, the author demonstrates not only the constructed nature of identities and cultural models, but also their means of reproduction as multifaceted reflections of interpersonal and translocal systems of power.
Lung cancer cell invasion and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are attenuated by secretory phospholipase A2 inhibition

Objective Invasive lung tumors are associated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ) enzymes produce inflammatory mediators that stimulate ICAM-1 expression, and upregulation of PLA 2 activity can enhance metastasis. We hypothesize a link between sPLA 2 activity, ICAM-1 expression, and tumor cell invasion. We propose that inhibition of sPLA 2 modulates ICAM-1 expression in cancer cells and attenuates their invasiveness. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were treated with an ICAM-1 blocking antibody and assayed for invasion. Lung cancer cells (A549 and H358) were then treated with an sPLA 2 inhibitor and evaluated by immunoblotting for ICAM-1 expression. Next cells (A549) treated with sPLA 2 inhibitor were assayed for invasion. Finally, sPLA 2 messenger RNA and protein expression were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by the Student t test or analysis of variance, as appropriate. Results Antibody blockade of ICAM-1 decreased lung cancer cell invasion. sPLA 2 inhibition significantly reduced ICAM-1 expression and invasion. sPLA 2 inhibition also significantly decreased sPLA 2 mRNA expression and immunofluorescent staining of sPLA 2 . Conclusions sPLA 2 plays a significant role in mediating the inflammatory signals that induce ICAM-1 expression in lung cancer cells. Inhibition of the enzyme can significantly decrease ICAM-1 expression and subsequent cancer cell invasion. This lays the groundwork for further investigation into the cellular mechanisms of sPLA 2 and its role in lung cancer.
Asymptotic behavior of optimal solutions in stochastic programming

Asymptotic behavior of optimal solutions xIn of a sequence of stochastic programming problems is studied. Variational and generalized equations approaches are discussed. An expansion of xIn in terms of a parametrized mathematical programming problem, depending on a single random vector, is given. When optimal solutions of the parametrized program are directionally differentiable, this expansion leads to a close form expression for the asymptotic distribution of xIn. Applicability of the involved regularity conditions to nondifferentiable cases, and in particular to stochastic programming with recourse, is discussed.
Winter Wheat Crop Reflectance and Nitrogen Sufficiency Index Values are Influenced by Nitrogen and Water Stress

In-season N applications to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may increase profi ts and improve N fertilizer accuracy. Th e objectives of this experiment were to determine the impact of N and water stress on crop refl ectance and N suffi ciency index (SI) values. Th e experiment contained fi ve N rates, two water treatments, and four blocks. Crop refl ectance was measured at the stem extension and fl ag leaf growth stages, suffi ciency index (SI)-NDVIw f was ratio between the underfertilized normalized diff erence vegetation index value {NDVI = [near infrared (NIR)-red]/[NIR+red]} and the NDVI value from well fertilized and well watered treatments, while SI-NDVI mz was ratio between underfertilized NDVI values and NDVI values from well fertilized plots within a water stress treatment. Yield losses due to water and N stress were determined using 13 C isotopic discrimination. Th is research shows that: (i) at the stem extension and fl ag leaf growth stages, water stress and N stress increased, green, red, and red-edge refl ectance and reduced NDVI values (ii) following the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) produced grain with greater than 120 g kg –1 protein and <10 min stability; (iii) at stem elongation and fl ag leaf, N fertilizer induced yield gains had a stronger relationship with SI-NDVI mz (stem extension, r = 0.49*; fl ag leaf, r = 0.51**) than SI-NDVI wf (stem extension, r = 0.29; fl ag leaf, r = 0.33); and (iv) SI-NDVI mz had greater fertilizer recommendation accuracy than SI-NDVI wf . Th ese fi ndings suggest that in wheat production, SI should be referenced to well fertilized areas within a management zone.
Federal tax burdens and grant benefits to states: The impact of imperfect representation

This paper has shown that the observed distribution pattern of federal grants and taxes among states is dependent on more than a simple redistributional motive. As previous studies have shown, the distribution of taxes and some grants does seem to be related to per capita income. However, our analysis reveals the difficulty of imputing altruistic motives to politicians without taking into account the institutional or behavioral environment within which the politician functions. The model we have developed indicates that politicians are largely interested in income distribution only to the extent that it furthers their self-interest.
Taxation and the Cost of Capital in Hungary and Poland: A Comparison with Selected European Countries

The effective rates of taxation faced by a representative investor located in a major capital exporting country for investments in machinery and buildings in nine capital importing European countries are compared. Poland and Hungary are found to have relatively high effective tax rates on equity-financed investment. The analysis suggests that both countries would benefit from streamlining allowances for capital cost recovery and possibly lowering statutory corporate tax rates--as permitted by the revenue constraint--rather than providing tax preferences for foreign investors.
Classical Yang-Mills fields in a Robertson-Walker universe

Abstract A class of exact solutions of the coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills system is constructed for a Robertson-Walker geometry. In flat space the gauge fields which we consider interpolate continuously between the two-meron and the one-instanton fields. In curved space, our solutions are periodic with period and amplitude determined by the interpolating parameter.
To Tell you the Truth: Children Reflect on Hospital Care

Children enter hospitals as novices and leave them as social critics. Their "take" on the environment and their reaction to care received are outcome measures too often neglected in our fast-paced health care arena. This article publishes the evaluations of these young patients to an audience of health professionals ... practitioners who might be moved by such poignant expressions of thanks and motivated by such thoughtful prescriptions for reform. Much of the data were gathered during the development of the Web site, "Band-Aides and Blackboards: When Chronic Illness ... Or Some Other Medical Problem ... Goes to School."
Deletion mutants of adenovirus 2: isolation and initial characterization of virus carrying mutations near the right end of the viral genome.

Abstract A series of eight deletion mutants of human adenovirus 2 have been isolated by a procedure which employs temperature-sensitive adenovirus mutants as helper viruses. Seven of these deletions are located in the right end of the viral genome and cover portions of early regions 3 and/or 4. The mutant with the largest deletion (807) has been separated from its helper by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Measurements of the synthesis of viral DNA and late viral protein in 807-infected cells show that the mutant synthesizes DNA normally, and. that it produces reduced amounts of some, but not all, late proteins. These observations suggest that while the region 82.5–95 on the adenoviral genome contains no gene essential for DNA replication, it does include a gene or site whose function affects the synthesis of late proteins encoded by widely separated regions of the viral genome.
On the mass spectrometric structure determination of the cyclic tetrapeptide tentoxin

Abstract Contrary to a recent report, the electron impact mass spectrum of the title compound does show an abundant molecular ion, as well as appropriate fragment ions which make it about as suitable for sequence determination as is the fast atom bombardment spectrum.
History of Cenozoic North American drainage basin evolution, sediment yield, and accumulation in the Gulf of Mexico basin

The Cenozoic fill of the Gulf of Mexico basin contains a continuous record of sediment supply from the North American continental interior for the past 65 million years. Regional mapping of unit thickness and paleogeography for 18 depositional episodes defines patterns of shifting entry points of continental fluvial systems and quantifies the total volume of sediment supplied during each episode. Eight fluvio-deltaic axes are present: the Rio Bravo, Rio Grande, Guadalupe, Colorado, Houston-Brazos, Red, Mississippi, and Tennessee axes. Sediment volume was calculated from digitized hand-contoured unit thickness maps using a geographic information system (GIS) algorithm to sum volumes within polygons bounding interpreted North American river contribution. General age-dependent compaction factors were used to convert calculated volume to total grain volume. Values for rate of supply range from >150 km to <10 km3/Ma. Paleogeographic maps for eleven Cenozoic time intervals display the evolving matrix of elevated source areas, intracontinental sediment repositories, known and inferred drainage elements, and depositional fluvial/deltaic depocenters along the northern Gulf of Mexico basin margin. Patterns of sediment supply in time and space record the complex interplay of intracontinental tectonism, climate change, and drainage basin evolution. Five tectono-climatic eras are differentiated: Paleocene late Laramide era; early to middle Eocene terminal Laramide era; middle Cenozoic (Late Eocene–Early Miocene) dry, volcanogenic era; middle Neogene (Middle–Late Miocene) arid, extensional era; and late Neogene (Plio–Pleistocene) monsoonal, epeirogenic uplift era. Through most of the Cenozoic, three to four independent continental-scale drainage basins have supplied sediment to the Gulf of Mexico.