cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of the worlds of tourism: Foucault and the eye-of-power

During the last decade, particularly following the publication of Urry’s (1990, TheTourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Society. London: Sage) text, the perspectival concept of the institutional/professional “gaze” has come into currency in tourism studies. while few reviews of Urry’s important work on the place and significance of tourism in postmodern society pay much attention to the French litero–philosophical construction le regard (which gave rise to the English term “the gaze”), Leiper has produced a useful foundational review of Urry’s debt to Foucauldian thought. This current article endeavours to take over where Leiper left off, and provides a more searching critique of the power of surveillance (le regard) in tourism, as it yields a dialectical inspection of Foucauldian thought concerning the eye-of-power as it acts through the institutions/organisations/agencies of tourism and travel (and of tourism and travel research). Such a power of surveillance – such a power of judgement and governance – is shown to be an authoritative mix of normalising discourse and universalising praxis which routinely privileges certain understandings of heritage/society/the world in and through tourism – as the eye-of-power can do in any institutional, professional, or aggregative setting. Through this Foucauldian vision, the individual who works in tourism (and he/she who travels!) is seen to be homo docilis – i.e., someone who not only participates in the regulation of the world and in the mastery of its social, cultural, natural and geographical environments, but who regulates and thereby constrains himself/herself through the ocularcentric out-looks which he/she upholds. The article seeks to reinvestigate the involvement of decision-making individuals in both investigative agendas in tourism research and in development practices in tourism management by hopefully making them much more other-regarded (and also self-aware) in terms of the governing suppositions and presuppositions they work to.
Top-down mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness

The question of how structurally and pharmacologically diverse general anesthetics disrupt consciousness has persisted since the 19th century. There has traditionally been a significant focus on “bottom-up” mechanisms of anesthetic action, in terms of sensory processing, arousal systems and structural scales. However, recent evidence suggests that the neural mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness may involve a “top-down” process, which parallels current perspectives on the neurobiology of conscious experience itself. This article considers various arguments for top-down mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, with a focus on sensory processing and sleep-wake networks. Furthermore, recent theoretical work is discussed to highlight the possibility that top-down explanations may be causally sufficient, even assuming critical bottom-up events.
Grade heterogeneity in small renal masses: potential implications for renal mass biopsy.

Purpose: Understanding the degree of phenotypic heterogeneity in a small renal mass may have implications for interpreting renal mass biopsy data. In this study we quantify nuclear grade heterogeneity in small renal masses.Materials and Methods: Our institutional renal mass database was queried for patients with T1a (less than 4 cm) renal masses stratified by the criteria of imaging diameter less than 2 cm or 2 cm or greater, clear cell or papillary histology, low grade (Fuhrman 1-2) or high grade (Fuhrman 3-4) with tissue available for review. Four consecutive specimens were chosen from each of the 8 strata for a total of 32. All specimens were reanalyzed and the highest Fuhrman grade present in each 10× powered field was recorded. A case was classified as heterogeneous if multiple grades were present and as discordant if the highest Fuhrman grade was present in less than 50% of the specimen.Results: A median of 5 slides (IQR 3.5–7.5) and 59, 10× powered fields (IQR 34–109) were examined per patient. Ove...
Automatic dynamic flocking in mobile actuator sensor networks by central Voronoi tessellations

In this paper, we discuss the application of Voronoi diagram and central Voronoi tessellations in the distributed control of mobile robots for area coverage, dynamic target tracking and feedback control of the environment. Based on TKJ Cortes, et al., (April 2004), we extend the application of central Voronoi tessellations (CVT) to a dynamic changing environment, provided that the environment changes relatively slow. Then we describe how automatic flocking behavior of mobile robots can be achieved by using CVT in area coverage control and multiple target tracking. We also discuss the hierarchical structure of CVT-based mobile actuator/sensor network where formation control can be applied for the subgroup of robots within a Voronoi cell. Simulation results show the correctness of our proposed method.
Benefits of I/O Acceleration Technology (I/OAT) in Clusters

Packet processing in the TCP/IP stack at multi-gigabit data rates occupies a significant portion of the system overhead. Though there are several techniques to reduce the packet processing overhead on the sender-side, the receiver-side continues to remain as a bottleneck. I/O acceleration technology (I/OAT), developed by Intel, is a set of features particularly designed to reduce the receiver-side packet processing overhead. This paper studies the benefits of the I/OAT technology by extensive evaluations through micro-benchmarks as well as evaluations on two different application domains: (1) a multi-tier data-center environment and (2) a parallel virtual file system (PVFS). Our micro-benchmark evaluations show that I/OAT results in 38% lower overall CPU utilization in comparison with traditional communication. Due to this reduced CPU utilization, I/OAT delivers better performance and increased network bandwidth. Our experimental results with data-centers and file systems reveal that I/OAT can improve the total number of transactions processed by 14% and throughput by 12%, respectively. In addition, I/OAT can sustain a large number of concurrent threads (up to a factor of four as compared to non-I/OAT) in data-center environments, thus increasing the scalability of the servers
Individual Differences in Episodic Memory: The Role of Self-initiated Encoding Strategies

Individuals' abilities to form and retrieve episodic memories vary widely. Consistent with this, there are substantial individual differences in brain activity during encoding and retrieval that are associated with individual differences in memory performance. Growing evidence suggests that individual differences in self-initiated encoding strategy use play an important role in individual differences in episodic memory and brain activity during intentional encoding. This review examines the role of individual differences in self-initiated encoding strategy use in individual differences in episodic memory, and outlines the major findings of brain lesion and functional neuroimaging studies that characterize the neural correlates of individual differences in self-initiated encoding strategy use. The relevance of individual differences in self-initiated encoding strategy use to understanding episodic memory impairments and alterations in brain activity in clinical populations such as individuals with schizophrenia is also discussed.
Speech act profiling: a probabilistic method for analyzing persistent conversations and their participants

The increase in persistent conversations in the form of chat and instant messaging (IM) has presented new opportunities for researchers. This paper describes a method for evaluating and visualizing persistent conversations by creating a speech act profile for conversation participants using speech act theory and concepts from fuzzy logic. This method can be used either to score a participant based on possible intentions or to create a visual map of those intentions. Transcripts from the Switchboard corpus, which have been marked up with speech act labels according to a SWBD-DAMSL tag set of 42 tags, are used to train language models and a modified hidden Markov model (HMM) to obtain probabilities for each speech act type for a given sentence. Rather than choosing the speech act with the maximum probability and assigning it to the sentence, the probabilities are aggregated for each conversation participant creating a set of speech act profiles, which can be visualized as a radar graphs. Several example profiles are shown along with possible interpretations. The profiles can be used as an overall picture of a conversation, and may be useful in various analyses of persistent conversations including information retrieval, deception detection, and online technical support monitoring.
Enucleation and Evisceration: 20 Years of Experience

Objective: To determine the indications, relative frequencies, surgical times, and complications for enucleation and evisceration performed at a single academic center.Methods: Medical records of all patients who underwent an enucleation or evisceration between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2009 at a single academic center were reviewed. Patient demographics and surgical indications, times, and complications were recorded.Results: A total of 85 eyes in 85 patients underwent enucleation (n = 31; 36%) or evisceration (n = 54; 64%) during the study period. Almost all patients were of African descent (96%). The most common underlying cause leading to eye removal was trauma. On average, eviscerations (47.3 ± 10.3 minutes) took significantly less time to perform than enucleations (89.6 ± 10.1 minutes; p < 0.01). Complications included implant exposure, infection, lower lid laxity, fornix insufficiency, and need for subsequent surgery; the occurrence of these complications was found to be similar between ...
Consumer comprehension of surgeon performance data for coronary bypass procedures.

Background Public and private organizations have called for increased transparency in reporting of outcomes data for hospitals and surgeons, including risk-adjusted coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) mortality data. Limited information is available about how the public actually interprets these data. Methods Four different graphical and tabular displays of CABG outcomes for surgeons, three of which were modeled on current state public reports, were shown to 337 adults. Each display contained data for 3 to 5 hypothetical surgeons. For each format, respondents were asked to choose which surgeon they would be most and least likely to choose based on the data. Additionally, they were asked questions about public reporting. Results Accurate identification of best surgeon performance varied by display format, with a high of 66% on one display and a low of 16% on another. Only 6.4% identified the surgeon with the lowest risk mortality across all four displays. Respondents with at least some college education were significantly more likely to identify the surgeon with the lowest risk-adjusted mortality, compared with respondents having no college education (21% to 72% vs. 9% to 59%; p Conclusions Comprehension by the public of risk-adjusted CABG outcomes is limited and varies by display format. Poorly constructed displays may have led to misinterpretation, with potential unintended adverse consequences such as risk aversion. Further work is needed to design displays that maximize accurate interpretation by the public and more clearly define the risk and benefit of public reporting of surgeon performance.
The Impact Of The Internet On Quality Measurement

ABSTRACT: Consumers are eager for information about health. However, their use of such data has been limited to date. When consumers do consider data in making health care choices, they rely more on word-of-mouth reputation than on traditional quality measures, although this information has not necessarily been readily accessible. The Internet changes the exercise of quality measurement in several ways. First, quality information—including reputation—will be more readily available. Second, consumers will increasingly use it. Third, the Internet provides a low-cost, standard platform that will make it vastly easier for providers to collect quality information and pass it on to others. However, major barriers still stand in the way of public access to quality information on the Internet as well as of having that access actually improve patients' care.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency in a 45-Year-Old Male

1. Significant clinical findings in this patient include tachycardia (HR>100), hypotension, 5/6 diastolic murmur, a history of prior and current dental disease, including tooth extractions on the day of admission, transesophageal echocardiogram with severe aortic and mitral valve regurgitation, pulmonary edema, and a normal EKG. Significant laboratory findings include multiple negative blood cultures (outside hospital), normocytic anemia, and a normal white cell count.
Motor responses to FES electrodes in a growing limb

A canine model was used to investigate the chronic performance of surgically implanted electrodes in a growing limb. Seven skeletally immature dogs were implanted with epimysial and intramuscular electrodes. Recruitment characteristics for each electrode, including the activation threshold, spillover muscle threshold, peak force, and force at spillover were recorded with tendon force transducers placed on the tendon of the target muscle and the first spillover muscle. Recruitment properties for the electrodes were measured at the time of implant and after growth was complete. Appropriate electrode positions were also remapped after maturity was reached. Data for 23 electrodes are reported. Average longitudinal growth of the ulna was 5.6 cm (39% increase). The measurements of threshold for target and spillover muscle activation show that appropriate muscle recruitment order was retained in 22 of 23 (96%) of the electrodes. The target muscle thresholds remained stable between implant and explant with variation on the order of that reported for these electrodes placed in mature animals. Overall, a multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures indicates electrodes performed equally well at explant as they did at implant as measured by threshold and usable range of target muscle before spillover. New electrodes placed in the adult animal did not perform better than the chronically placed electrodes. The recruitment properties of 22 or 23 electrodes did not vary significantly with growth. This is encouraging evidence that a stable motor response can be retained with implantable intramuscular and epimysial electrodes in the presence of growth.
Hookworm Infection Detected by Capsule Endoscopy in a Young Man With Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia patients with normal upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy must undergo small-bowel video capsule endoscopy. We present a young patient with iron deficiency anemia in whom capsule endoscopy revealed an unexpected finding. A 22-year-old man of Pakistani origin, European resident for 1 year, was admitted because of severe iron deficiency anemia. His physical examination apart from mild pallor and koilonychia was normal. Digital rectal examination did not reveal melena or blood in the stool. Hematology testing showed findings of severe iron deficiency anemia: hemoglobin, 6.3 g/dL (normal, 12.0‐15.0 g/dL), with microcytosis and hypochromia in the peripheral blood smear (mean corpuscular volume, 51.2 fL [normal, 76.0‐96.0 fL]; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 23.9 pg [normal, 30.0‐36.0 pg]); white cell count, 5.56 10 9 /L (segmented neutrophils, 39.7%; lymphocytes, 37.4%; monocytes, 16.7%; eosinophils, 5.8%). Liver and renal function tests and
Rhodium–Carbon Bond Energies in Tp′Rh(CNneopentyl)(CH2X)H: Quantifying Stabilization Effects in M–C Bonds

A series of substituted methyl derivatives of the type Tp′Rh(CNneopentyl)(CH2X)H (CH2X = CH2C(═O)CH3, CH2C≡CCH3, CH2O-t-Bu, CH2CF3, CH2F, CHF2) was synthesized either by photolysis of Tp′Rh(CNneopentyl)(PhNCNneopentyl) in neat CH3X or by exchange with the labile hydrocarbon in Tp′Rh(CNneopentyl)(n-pentyl)H or Tp′Rh(CNneopentyl)(CH3)H. Only a single product was observed in each case. Clean reductive elimination was observed for all compounds in C6D6. Structures of these complexes and their corresponding chlorinated derivatives have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Relative Rh–C bond energies are calculated using previously established kinetic techniques, and two separate linear correlations are observed versus known C–H bond strengths, one for the parent hydrocarbons, and one for the substituted hydrocarbons. Both correlations have slopes of 1.4, and are separated vertically by 7.5 kcal mol–1 (−CH2X above −CxHy). In addition, it is now clear that prefer...
Oxidation Of Thiols By Copper(II)

Abstract Thiols were oxidized by Cu(II) in a reaction that had two phases. There was an immediate reaction between thiol and Cu(II) with loss of thiol, measured by its reaction with 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and formation of Cu(I), measured by its reaction with bathocuproinedisulfonic acid. With equal molar concentrations of thiols and Cu(II), only the first phase was observed and thiols were oxidized in less than 15 sec. When the concentration of Cu(II) was limiting (200 μM thiol and 10 to 160 μM Cu(II)), the second phase of the reaction was observed; this phase was much slower for glutathione (GSH) than it was for cysteine and accounts for previous reports that GSH is oxidized by Cu(II) at a slower rate than cysteine. It is proposed that Cu(II) reacts with thiols to form Cu(II)-thiol complexes, Cu(II) is reduced to Cu(I), and the thiols are oxidized to the corresponding radicals. Two of the radicals react to form a disulfide and Cu(I) reacts with a second thiol to form a Cu(I)-thiol complex ...
Predicting Internet network distance with coordinates-based approaches

We propose using coordinates-based mechanisms in a peer-to-peer architecture to predict Internet network distance (i.e. round-trip propagation and transmission delay). We study two mechanisms. The first is a previously proposed scheme, called the triangulated heuristic, which is based on relative coordinates that are simply the distances from a host to some special network nodes. We propose the second mechanism, called global network positioning (GNP), which is based on absolute coordinates computed from modeling the Internet as a geometric space. Since end hosts maintain their own coordinates, these approaches allow end hosts to compute their inter-host distances as soon as they discover each other. Moreover, coordinates are very efficient in summarizing inter-host distances, making these approaches very scalable. By performing experiments using measured Internet distance data, we show that both coordinates-based schemes are more accurate than the existing state of the art system IDMaps, and the GNP approach achieves the highest accuracy and robustness among them.
HALO: Heterogeneity-Aware Load Balancing

Load Balancers (LBs) play a critical role in managing the performance and resource utilization of distributed systems. However, developing efficient LBs for large, distributed clusters is challenging for several reasons: (i) large clusters require numerous scheduling decisions per second, (ii) such clusters typically consist of heterogeneous servers that widely differ in their computing power, and (iii) such clusters often experience significant changes in load. In this paper we propose HALO, a class of scalable, heterogeneity-aware LBs for cluster systems. HALO LBs are based on simple randomized algorithms that are analytically optimized for heterogeneity. We develop HALO for randomized, Round-Robin, and Power-of-D LBs. We illustrate the benefits of HALO and demonstrate its superiority over other comparable LBs using analytical, simulation, and (Apache-based) implementation results. Our results show that HALO LBs provide significantly lower response times without incurring additional overhead across a wide range of scenarios.
Entrepreneurs and Democratization: Iran and the Philippines

The relationship between social structure and the emergence of democracy has long intrigued social scientists. In an early statement of the modernization perspective on this topic, Lipset (1960) postulated that a strong association exists between the degree of socioeconomic development and democracy. As economic development rose, so did wealth, income, and education, but income inequality declined, resulting in a population of moderate upper and lower classes and an expanding middle class, all of which favored the development of democratic political institutions. Subsequent quantitative studies found that a strong correlation can indeed be demonstrated between socioeconomic development and democratic institutions (Bollen 1983; Bollen and Jackman 1985). Despite significant contributions, these studies have not paid sufficient attention to either social agency or the mechanism of democratization during transitional periods. This essay will examine both of these factors by focusing on the role played by entrepreneurs in ousting dictatorial regimes.
Characterization of directly transformed weedy Brassica rapa and introgressed B. rapa with Bt cry1Ac and gfp genes

Crop to weed transgene flow, which could result in more competitive weed populations, is an agricultural biosafety concern. Crop Brassica napus to weedy Brassica rapa hybridization has been extensively characterized to better understand the transgene flow and its consequences. In this study, weedy accessions of B. rapa were transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ac- and green fluorescence protein (gfp)-coding transgenes using Agrobacterium to assess ecological performance of the wild biotype relative to introgressed hybrids in which the transgenic parent was the crop. Regenerated transgenic B. rapa events were characterized by progeny analysis, Bt protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Southern blot analysis, and GFP expression assay. GFP expression level and Bt protein concentration were significantly different between independent transgenic B. rapa events. Similar reproductive productivity was observed in comparison between transgenic B. rapa events and B. rapa × B. napus introgressed hybrids in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse, Bt transgenic plants experienced significantly less herbivory damage from the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). No differences were found in the field experiment under ambient, low, herbivore pressure. Directly transformed transgenic B. rapa plants should be a helpful experimental control to better understand crop genetic load in introgressed transgenic weeds.
An Empirical Analysis Of The Value Line Earnings Predictability Index

The earnings of some companies are easier to analyze and predict than others. Because earnings predictability affects stock prices, investors and researchers have relied on a variety of indexes, such as the Value Line Earnings Predictability Index (VLPI), to gauge ex ante differences in predictability. This study empirically analyzes the performance of VLPI versus several other indexes. Rank correlations with subsequent earnings forecast errors are used to measure index performance. Interestingly, the results indicate that VLPI performs as well as a corresponding index based on past forecasting accuracy.
Parental Interest in a Bereavement Support Visit When a Child Dies from Cancer

Parents who have experienced the death of a child from cancer have unique bereavement needs. This study evaluated the possibility of instituting a home-based bereavement visit from the oncology team following a child's death. Parents completed a brief anonymous questionnaire measuring preferences regarding visit logistics and content. The majority (84%) of the 31 participants agreed that a home-based bereavement program is desirable. Qualitative analysis of parental comments revealed common themes including processing grief, practical suggestions for visit, recognition of individual differences, perceived risks and benefits of visit, connections with medical staff, and unmet needs for support. In conclusion, a home visit program may satisfy needs for additional support while alleviating barriers to other types of bereavement care.
Epigenetics and Ovarian Cancer

Epigenetics is a broad term that refers to all stably heritable alterations in gene expression that occur without changes in DNA base sequence. Epigenetic phenomena include deoxycytosine methylation, histone protein modifications, nucleosome position effects on DNA, and gene regulation by noncoding RNA molecules (Fig. 6.1); the overall epigenetic state corresponding with a specific cell phenotype is referred to as an ‘‘epigenome.’’ The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, has provided a wealth of data regarding the relationship of DNA sequence to human health, and one interesting outcome of that project was the observation that humans possess far fewer genes than previously predicted. That vast underestimation of human genes suggested amuch greater role for phenotype-specific gene regulation by other mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications. Consequently, a Human Epigenome Project, an international public/private consortium, has now been initiated to provide a set of normal, reference epigenomes to permit study of the role of epigenetics in biological processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and various disease states, including cancer. To date, the best-studied epigenetic process is methylation of deoxycytosine, usually located within the dinucleotide CpG, and catalyzed by enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNA methylation is strongly correlated with gene silencing, and in normal cells, heterochromatin and the inactive female X chromosome are extensively methylated. This modification also occurs within repeat elements, where it is believed to silence potentially harmful transposable elements. Aside from heterochromatin and repeats, distinct regions, usually within 50 untranslated regions and the first exons of genes, are normally protected from this modification. It is now well established, however, that these localized ‘‘CpG islands’’ become increasingly hypermethylated during tumor advancement
Trends in Land Cover Mapping and Monitoring

It is an interesting time for mapping and monitoring of land cover using remote sensing. There are exciting new kinds of maps derived from remote sensing at a variety of spatial scales. For example, there are a number of new kinds of maps of land cover becoming available globally. Following in the footsteps of the global land cover products derived from the 1992 1km AVHRR time series (the IGBP Discover Map (Loveland et al., 2000) and the University of Maryland Land Cover Map (Hansen et al., 2000)), two new products have been developed. One is the GLC2000 Land Cover Map (Bartalev et al., 2003) made using data from the SPOT4-VEGETATION sensor. Another is the MODIS land cover map, made using a time series of data from the MODIS sensor (Friedl et al., 2002). All of these maps are categorical in nature and include classes roughly at the level of biomes. There are differences between the legends of these maps, but their basic nature is similar. A somewhat different set of products are based on the idea of continuous fields, with a good example being percent forest cover (Hansen et al., 2002). These maps are also global and provide a different perspective on land cover.
Fill Tube Assembly Development for Omega and NIF Shell Applications

A new technique has been developed for attaching glass and polyimide tubes to National Ignition Facility and OMEGA-scale capsules. Resorcinol-formaldehyde foam and CD fill tube assemblies are designed for OMEGA laser capabilities by the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Because of the porous structure of the foam, test procedures have been implemented to guarantee the target assemblies are leaktight under room and cryogenic temperatures. Based on the type and conditions of the target, ultraviolet glue or two-part epoxy glue is applied to particular sections on the assembly. Development has been conducted to overcome issues dealing with the adhesives, test procedures, and fill tube designs described in this paper.
Incidence of Paedogenesis in the Greenbug

Paedogenesis (reproduction in the sexually immature stage) was found in 1.8% of alate greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum ( Rondani ), but the frequency was not increased by selection of progeny resulting from paedogenesis. Insects reproducing by paedogenesis produced an avg 1.7 nymphs in 1.3 days before developing wings. This is the 1st known report of paedogenesis in the family Aphididae.
A new TSH assay. Just another technique or a useful test

PreviewSerum thyrotropin (TSH) levels are a sensitive marker of thyroid gland function. Recent advances in monoclonal antibody generation have led to a more accurate test to measure TSH levels—immunoradiometric assay. In this article, Dr Bansal reviews the background information essential to use this test effectively (eg, how the level of TSH is regulated physiologically, how assays measure hormone levels), the best uses for the test, and limitations of TSH testing.
Born of Resentment: Yuan 怨 in Early Confucian Thought

This essay explores the positive aspects of resentment in early Confucian thought. Specifically, it argues that from an early Confucian perspective, resentment (yuan 怨) is a frustration or anger that occurs when those close to us withhold their care or when they otherwise injure us. Stated succinctly, resentment is a result of frustrated desire for affection. It is a sign that we require the care of significant others, and that we are vulnerable to their concern or neglect. When understood appropriately, resentment signals genuine recognition of meaningful relationships; it is a sign that we are affected by those that ought to matter to us. Importantly, resentment has a creative dimension in that it can lead to the production of literature aimed to channel frustrated desire toward realizing the Confucian dao 道. These texts work to connect the author’s resentment with the reader’s possibility of remaking the world in a way desired by the author.
Crossing the “Exaggerated Boundaries” of Black Sea Culture: Turkish Themes in the Work of Odessa Natives Ilf and Petrov

One of the most significant developments in literary studies over the last twenty years has been the postcolonial discourse that emerged with Edward Said's groundbreaking Orientalism , which has been enormously beneficial in heightening awareness of a set of Western assumptions that had gone virtually unquestioned for centuries. One of Said's role models, whom he mentions in both Orientalism and Culture and Imperialism and discusses at greatest length in his essay “Secular Criticism,” is Erich Auerbach, the Jewish-German scholar who wrote the literary history Mimesis during his exile in Istanbul. Auerbach's own explanation of his situation in exile occurs at the very end of Mimesis : “I may also mention that the book was written during the war and at Istanbul, where the libraries are not equipped for European studies …. On the other hand, it is quite possible that the book owes its existence to just this lack of a rich and specialized library” (Auerbach 1953, p. 557).
Germline BAP1 alterations in familial uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most commonly diagnosed primary intraocular tumor in adults. Familial UM (FUM), defined as two or more family members diagnosed with UM, is rare and estimated at less than 1% of all UM. Currently, BAP1 is the only gene known to contribute significant risk for UM. In this study we aimed to estimate the frequency of BAP1 mutation in FUM and to characterize the family and personal histories of other cancers in these families. We identified 32 families with FUM, including seven families previously reported by our group. BAP1 mutation testing was carried out by direct sequencing of the coding exons and the adjacent untranslated regions of the gene. Germline deletion and duplication analysis of BAP1 was assessed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Germline BAP1 mutations were found in 6/32 (19%) families. No deletions or duplications were identified in any of the 24 samples tested by MLPA. Combined with published studies, the frequency of BAP1 mutations was 14/64 (22%) in FUM. FUM families without BAP1 mutations have distinct family histories with high rates of prostate cancer in first- and second-degree relatives. It is likely that additional genes conferring risk for FUM exist. It is important to understand key shared features of FUM to focus future research on identifying these additional tumor predisposition syndromes. Though BAP1 should be tested first in these families, FUM families without BAP1 mutation should be explored for additional predisposition genes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Case of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastatic Melanoma (P4.239)

Objective: We describe an atypical presentation of intramedullary melanoma metastases with a rapidly progressive course, initially misdiagnosed as transverse myelitis. Background: Intramedullary metastasis from a cutaneous melanoma is an exceptionally rare cause of myelopathy, and due to its infiltrative nature is impossible to differentiate from transverse myelitis on spinal imaging alone. In all case reports reviewed intracranial metastasis was already present, which as well as an important diagnostic clue may be pathologically crucial in dissemination to the cord via cerebrospinal fluid. Design/Methods: A 69-year-old man was evaluated for acute left leg numbness and weakness; 24 hours later this involved bilateral lower extremities with urinary incontinence and inability to ambulate. Medical history was significant for a 1.9mm melanoma of the left arm resected 5 years prior with clear margins and no axillary lymph node involvement. Examination was consistent with acute myelopathy with a sensory level at T4. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was remarkable only for elevated protein with negative microbiologic, oligoclonal and viral studies. Serum was negative for autoimmune, metabolic or paraneoplastic causes of transverse myelitis. MRI of the neuroaxis with gadolinium showed abnormal signal within the spinal cord at the T5-T6 level extending inferiorly and enhancing at T9, with multiple hemorrhagic lesions in the brain. PET CT showed multiple hyper-metabolic pulmonary nodules. Results: The patient was initially treated with 5 days of high-dose methlyprednisolone. Endobronchial biopsy then revealed metastatic melanoma. He received palliative radiotherapy to T8-9, but had no improvement in neurologic function. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of even remote cancer history; despite recurrence rates for intermediate risk melanoma falling to Disclosure: Dr. wrigley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Plancher has nothing to disclose. Dr. Curry has nothing to disclose.
Health Care Law [1999]

The author introduces health care law in the state of Texas describing developments pertaining to public health, health care providers, patient issues, medical records and devices, and liability rules. Several Texas cases are examined: Baptist Memorial Hospital System v. Sampson; Van Horn v. Chambers; Attaya v. Shoukfeh; Levy v. Texas State Board of Medical Examiners; Clark v. Texas Home Health, Inc.; Austin v. Healthtrust, Inc-The Hospital Co.; Brown v. Shwarts; Dallas County Mental Health & Mental Retardation v. Bossley; Stolle v. Baylor College of Medicine; United States ex rel Riley v. St. Luke’s Episopal Hospital; and United States ex rel v. Thompson v. Columbi/HCA Healthcare Corp.Although the focus of this Survey is developments in Texas law, a few federal developments important to health care providers and health law practitioners are also briefly discussed.
Ordering versus grabbing: the influence of temporal proximity on unregulated online buying behavior

A study is proposed to test the effects of temporal proximity between the encounter of a stimulus and the receipt of the product on impulsive online buying behavior. In traditional retail settings, temporal proximity between exposure to a stimulus and receipt of the product is an important factor influencing impulsive buying behavior. In most online shopping situations however, there is a time lag between the purchasing process and the receipt of the product; studies have nevertheless shown the widespread existence of impulsive buying behavior in online settings. A model is proposed that demonstrates how future consequences can influence online buying behavior and how the temporal proximity between the exposure to a stimulus and the possibility to conduct a purchase “on the spot” can override the consideration of future consequences and trigger impulsive online buying behavior. In order to test the model, a laboratory experiment has been designed. The expected findings will further the understanding of factors influencing impulsive online buying behavior, and will thus provide prescriptive insights for the design of business-to-consumer e-commerce systems.
Higher serum cholesterol is associated with intensified age-related neural network decoupling and cognitive decline in early- to mid-life.

Mounting evidence indicates that serum cholesterol and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease intensify normative trajectories of age-related cognitive decline. However, the neural mechanisms by which this occurs remain largely unknown. To understand the impact of cholesterol on brain networks, we applied graph theory to resting-state fMRI in a large sample of early- to mid-life Veterans (N = 206, Meanage = 32). A network emerged (centered on the banks of the superior temporal sulcus) that evidenced age-related decoupling (i.e., decreased network connectivity with age), but only in participants with clinically-elevated total cholesterol (≥180 mg/dL). Crucially, decoupling in this network corresponded to greater day-to-day disability and mediated age-related declines in psychomotor speed. Finally, examination of network organization revealed a pattern of age-related dedifferentiation for the banks of the superior temporal sulcus, again present only with higher cholesterol. More specifically, age was related to decreasing within-module communication (indexed by Within-Module Degree Z-Score) and increasing between-module communication (indexed by Participation Coefficient), but only in participants with clinically-elevated cholesterol. Follow-up analyses indicated that all findings were driven by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, rather than high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or triglycerides, which is interesting as LDL levels have been linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease, whereas HDL levels appear inversely related to such disease. These findings provide novel insight into the deleterious effects of cholesterol on brain health and suggest that cholesterol accelerates the impact of age on neural trajectories by disrupting connectivity in circuits implicated in integrative processes and behavioral control. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3249-3261, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lost opportunity: Fear of flying, airline profits, and the economy

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between fears of flying and U.S. airline load factors to determine if there is a potential impact on corporate profits and the economy. Travelers with a reluctance towards flying represent a potential lost opportunity for airline companies, a source of operating profits, and positive economic impacts. This research examines the psychological reservations towards flying, how avoidance behaviors impact demand and the projected implications. The paper suggests revising conceptual financial considerations to assess whether stakeholders in the commercial U.S. air travel industry should attempt to recoup lost passengers who avoid flying out of fear.
Notes on the Fauna of the Chipola Formation- XIV on the Occurrence of Bursa (Mollusca: Gastropoda), with Comments on the Genus

The gastropod genus Bursa Roding, 1798 (type species: Murex bufonius Gmelin) has a long history in the New World, with two forms being known from the Eocene Talara Formation and Oligocene Chira Formation of Peru (Olsson, 1930, pp. 62, 63). By Miocene time the group had spread into the Caribbean and from then on flourished, with numerous species known from both the fossil and Recent faunas. Hitherto there have been no fossil representatives of Bursa reported from the southern United States, but in this paper two species are recorded for the first time.
Complications of Minimally Access Pectus Excavatum Repair

Minimally access pectus excavatum repair (Nuss procedure) has been performed in over 1600 patients with severe pectus excavatum at the Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters in Norfolk, Virginia. Clinical analysis of this large patient series has allowed for identification and quantitation of intraoperative, early- and late-postoperative complications unique to this surgical procedure. Based upon this information, treatment recommendations and preventive strategies for these complications have been generated. Many of these have now been incorporated as modifications to the original surgical technique and have improved overall safety and efficacy.
Circadian misalignment affects sleep and medication use before and during spaceflight.

Sleep deficiency and the use of sleep-promoting medication are prevalent during spaceflight. Operations frequently dictate work during the biological night and sleep during the biological day, which contribute to circadian misalignment. We investigated whether circadian misalignment was associated with adverse sleep outcomes before (preflight) and during spaceflight missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Actigraphy and photometry data for 21 astronauts were collected over 3,248 days of long-duration spaceflight on the ISS and 11 days prior to launch (n=231 days). Sleep logs, collected one out of every 3 weeks in flight and daily on Earth, were used to determine medication use and subjective ratings of sleep quality. Actigraphy and photometry data were processed using Circadian Performance Simulation Software to calculate the estimated endogenous circadian temperature minimum. Sleep episodes were classified as aligned or misaligned relative to the estimated endogenous circadian temperature minimum. Mixed-effects regression models accounting for repeated measures were computed by data collection interval (preflight, flight) and circadian alignment status. The estimated endogenous circadian temperature minimum occurred outside sleep episodes on 13% of sleep episodes during preflight and on 19% of sleep episodes during spaceflight. The mean sleep duration in low-Earth orbit on the ISS was 6.4±1.2 h during aligned and 5.4±1.4 h (P<0.01) during misaligned sleep episodes. During aligned sleep episodes, astronauts rated their sleep quality as significantly better than during misaligned sleep episodes (66.8±17.7 vs. 60.2±21.0, P<0.01). Sleep-promoting medication use was significantly higher during misaligned (24%) compared with aligned (11%) sleep episodes (P<0.01). Use of any medication was significantly higher on days when sleep episodes were misaligned (63%) compared with when sleep episodes were aligned (49%; P<0.01). Circadian misalignment is associated with sleep deficiency and increased medication use during spaceflight. These findings suggest that there is an immediate need to deploy and assess effective countermeasures to minimize circadian misalignment and consequent adverse sleep outcomes both before and during spaceflight.
Strategic consequences of self-service technology evaluations

AbstractThis article develops a conceptual model of self-service technology (SST) evaluations on customer-centric (loyalty, trust, and word of mouth) and firm-centric (profitability and enterprise ...
Short-term recovery of balance control: association with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in pediatric oncology.

Purpose To describe the incidence and short-term recovery of balance control in children and adolescents receiving neurotoxic treatment for noncentral nervous system cancers and to investigate the association of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and balance control. Methods Sixty-five children and adolescents diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma, or other solid tumors were tested 3 to 6 months into treatment and 3 and 6 months following treatment using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Balance Subscale and Pediatric Modified Total Neuropathy Scale scores of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Results Seventy-eight percent of the participants scored 1 standard deviation or more below population means on the balance subscale while on treatment, and this improved to 53% by 6 months posttreatment, with the leukemia group performing worse at both time points. On-treatment balance scores were moderately associated with motor CIPN, while at 6 months posttreatment they were more closely associated with sensory CIPN. Conclusions Mild to moderate balance impairments improve but can persist, even when CIPN has improved, 6 months after treatment for childhood cancer.
Update on Section 1043: Deferral of Gain on Sale of Assets to Satisfy Conflict-of-Interest Rules

An earlier article in the Journal of Taxation of Investments discussed the application of Section 1043, which generally permits eligible government officials to elect to defer gain on sales of appreciated assets made to comply with conflict-of-interest rules. This article updates that discussion, describing recent developments of interest.
The processing of inflected and derived words in writing.

We report on an English-speaking, aphasic individual (RB) with a spelling deficit more severely affecting orthographically irregular words for which phonologically plausible errors (PPEs) were prod...
Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Radiotherapy (MRIgRT): A 4.5-Year Clinical Experience

Abstract Aims Magnetic resonance image-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) has been clinically implemented since 2014. This technology offers improved soft-tissue visualisation, daily imaging, and intra-fraction real-time imaging without added radiation exposure, and the opportunity for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) to adjust for anatomical changes. Here we share the longest single-institution experience with MRIgRT, focusing on trends and changes in use over the past 4.5 years. Materials and methods We analysed clinical information, including patient demographics, treatment dates, disease sites, dose/fractionation, and clinical trial enrolment for all patients treated at our institution using MRIgRT on a commercially available, integrated 0.35 T MRI, tri-cobalt-60 device from 2014 to 2018. For each patient, factors including disease site, clinical rationale for MRIgRT use, use of ART, and proportion of fractions adapted were summated and compared between individual years of use (2014–2018) to identify shifts in institutional practice patterns. Results Six hundred and forty-two patients were treated with 666 unique treatment courses using MRIgRT at our institution between 2014 and 2018. Breast cancer was the most common disease, with use of cine MRI gating being a particularly important indication, followed by abdominal sites, where the need for cine gating and use of ART drove MRIgRT use. One hundred and ninety patients were treated using ART in 1550 fractions, 67.6% (1050) of which were adapted. ART was primarily used in cancers of the abdomen. Over time, breast and gastrointestinal cancers became increasingly dominant for MRIgRT use, hypofractionated treatment courses became more popular, and gastrointestinal cancers became the principal focus of ART. Discussion MRIgRT is widely applicable within the field of radiation oncology and new clinical uses continue to emerge. At our institution to date, applications such as ART for gastrointestinal cancers and accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for breast cancer have become dominant indications, although this is likely to continue to evolve.