cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foreign Entry Mode and Performance: The Moderating Effects of Environment*

As the trend toward economic globalization increases, the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has become an important topic. Research on the performance outcomes of foreign market entry strategies has been primarily considered from the perspective of the multinational corporations. In this paper hierarchical regression analyses were conducted on archival data of 123 publicly held manufacturing SMEs based in the United States to test a contingency model that hypothesizes more of the performance variance is explained when the foreign market entry mode is aligned strategically with domestic and foreign environmental factors. The results indicate that firms will have a higher rate of international revenue growth using no-equity-based (exporting) foreign market entry modes in growing domestic environments. International revenue growth is higher for equity-based modes when foreign market risks are high. The findings should provide managers of SMEs with contextual evidence for making successful foreign market entry decisions.
An algorithm for the manufacturing equipment selection problem

Abstract This paper provides a unified framework in which product and process demands can be related to manufacturing system requirements. A nonlinear cost minimization model is developed that can be used by facility planners to guide the analyses underlying the equipment selection problem. The approach extends current work by accounting for machine flexibility. The objective is to determine how many of each machine type to purchase, as well as what fraction of the time each piece of equipment will be configured for a particular type of operation. The resultant problem is solved with a depth-first branch and bound routine that employs a greedy set covering heuristic to find good feasible solutions. This permits early fathoming and greatly contributes to the efficiency of the algorithm. A small example is presented to highlight the computations. This is followed by a discussion of me results for a series of test problems designed to evaluate overall algorithmic performance. We show mat 16 process, 25 machi...
Replication of mycoplasmavirus MVL51: I. Replicative intermediates.

The intracellular replication of the single stranded DNA of the non-lytic bullet-shaped Group L1 mycoplasmavirus, MVL51, has been shown to involve three virus specific DNAs: RFI, RFII and SS. The relative sedimentation rates and ethidium bromide CsCl gradient analysis show that RFI is covalently closed circular double stranded DNA and RFII is a nicked form of RFI. SS is circular single stranded progeny viral DNA. RFI and RFII serve as precursors for the synthesis of progeny SS.
Is COPD associated with suicide behavior

Abstract Background The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adults in the United States. Methods Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Study-Replication (NCS-R), a household probability sample of adults ages 18 and older in the United States. Results COPD is associated with significantly increased odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, compared with those without COPD. The association between COPD and suicide attempt remained statistically significant after adjusting for demographics, depression, panic disorder, substance use and nicotine dependence. The association between COPD and suicidal ideation was no longer significant after adjusting for nicotine dependence. Conclusions Our findings provide initial evidence that there is a relationship between COPD and suicidal behavior among adults in the community. Future studies that can examine the relationship between COPD and completed suicide, as well as replication of these results, would improve our understanding of whether and to what degree COPD confers an increased vulnerability for suicide behavior.
Systems glycobiology for glycoengineering

Glycosylation serves essential functions on many proteins produced in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, making it mandatory to thoroughly consider its biogenesis during the production process. Glycoengineering efforts involve the rational design of glycosylation through adjustments in culturing conditions or genetic modifications. Computational models have been developed to aid this process, aiming to offer cheaper and faster alternatives to costly screening strategies. Recently, these models have been successfully utilized to predict glycosylation of products of industrial relevance. Furthermore, systems-level analyses of glycan diversity are elucidating deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying glycosylation. As computational models of glycosylation continue to be expanded, refined, and leveraged for detailed analysis of glycomics data, they will become invaluable resources for cell line development and glycoengineering.
Response to Kouider et al.: which view is better supported by the evidence?

Kouider et al. [1] argue that the information in the brain that explains partial report superiority is unconscious. I say that it is conscious [2]. Kouider et al. also argue that my view is unfalsifiable, whereas theirs is more parsimonious, makes predictions and can be falsified empirically. Actually, the same experimental evidence is relevant to both positions.
The moist static energy budget in NCAR CAM5 hindcasts during DYNAMO

The Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign took place in the Indian Ocean during boreal fall and winter of 2011–2012 to collect observations of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) initiation. Hindcast experiments are conducted with an atmospheric general circulation model with varying values of a dilute CAPE entrainment rate parameter for the first two MJO events of DYNAMO from 1 October 2011 to 15 December 2011. Higher entrainment rates better reproduce MJO precipitation and zonal wind, with RMM skill up to 20 days. Simulations with lower entrainment rapidly diverge from observations with no coherent MJO convective signal after 5 days, and no MJO predictive skill beyond 12 days. Analysis of the tropical Indian Ocean column moist static energy (MSE) budget reveals that the simulations with superior MJO performance exhibit a mean positive MSE tendency by vertical advection; inconsistent with reanalysis that indicates a weak negative tendency. All simulations have weaker mean MSE source tendency and significantly weaker cloud-radiative feedbacks. The vertical gross moist stability (VGMS) is used to interpret these MSE budget results in a normalized framework relevant to moisture mode theory. VGMS in the high entrainment runs is far too low compared to ERAi, indicating that it cannot be used in isolation as a measure of model success in producing a realistic MJO hindcast, contrary to previous studies. However, effective VGMS that includes radiative feedbacks is similar among the high entrainment runs and ERAi. We conclude that the MJO is erroneously improved by increasing the entrainment parameter because moistening by vertical MSE advection compensates for the overly weak cloud-radiative feedbacks.
Reconfigurable L-band radar

The reconfigurable L-band radar is an ongoing development at NASA/GSFC that exploits the capability inherently in phased array radar systems with a state-of-the-art data acquisition and real-time processor in order to enable multi-mode measurement techniques in a single radar architecture. The development leverages on the L-band imaging scatterometer, a radar system designed for the development and testing of new radar techniques; and the custom-built DBSAR processor, a highly reconfigurable, high speed data acquisition and processing system. The radar modes currently implemented include scatterometer, synthetic aperture radar, and altimetry; and plans to add new modes such as radiometry and bi-static GNSS signals are being formulated. This development is aimed at enhancing the radar remote sensing capabilities for airborne and spaceborne applications in support of Earth Science and planetary exploration This paper describes the design of the radar and processor systems, explains the operational modes, and discusses preliminary measurements and future plans.
Growth disturbance in congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease offers an excellent opportunity to investigate the basic mechanisms of growth. In this study of the growth retardation of 890 patients with congenital malformations of the heart, the height and weight were compared with the 16 percentile values for normal children. The most severe retardation in growth occurred in patients in whom both major blood vessels arose from the right ventricle, in patients with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia, and in patients with complete transposition of the great vessels. In the acyanotic group of the most severe stunting of growth was seen in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Enhanced Toxicity for Mice of Pactamycin with Bacterial Endotoxin

Combinations of pactamycin and Salmonella typhosa 0901 endotoxin, administered simultaneously, killed more BALB/c mice than comparable doses of either agent alone The slopes of the dose-response curves for combinations of endotoxin and pactamycin were parallel to both that for endotoxin alone and the antitumor drug alone; therefore, no new mechanism of toxicity has been evoked by the combination. The synergistic toxicity of endotoxin and pactamycin was due to an in vivo interaction rather than a direct reaction between the two agents. Phenobarbital pretreatment protected the mice from toxicity of the antitumor agent alone but not from the lethal action of the combination. Pretreatment with endotoxin increased the resistance of the mice to both endotoxin alone and the combination. Third agents unable to protect mice from the synergistic toxicity of endotoxin and pactamycin were alpha[p-(fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)-phenyl]-2-piperidine-ethanol, neomycin, phenylbutazone, polymyxin B, and tybamate. Prednisolone pretreatment alleviated the toxicity of the combination. For the restricted series of killed bacteria and bacterial products tested for capability to enhance the toxicity of pactamycin, only gram-negative bacterial cells were potent. These results indicated that pactamycin rendered the mice more susceptible to endotoxin and that endotoxin was the causal lethal agent.
The Fifth Column: The Diamond Pins, or $800,000,000 and Still Counting

The Operations Research/Management Science (OR/MS) program at the Colorado School of Mines has been in existence for more than 30 years. The program is unique in that most of its students must complete a client project that results in reduced costs, increased profits, or management acceptance and implementation of an immeasurable but highimpact policy change. In addition, if the project saves the client at least $1 million within one calendar year of its implementation, the student is awarded a diamond stickpin. The client must provide a document certifying the savings. This paper is a compendium of the projects that have qualified students for a diamond pin. At the Colorado School of Mines, we have
Optimal placement of sensors for contaminant detection based on detailed 3D CFD simulations

Purpose – Develop a method for the optimal placement of sensors in order to detect the largest number of contaminant release scenarios with the minimum amount of sensors.Design/methodology/approach – The method considers the general sensor placement problem. Assuming a given number of sensors, every release scenario leads to a sensor input. The data recorded from all the possible release scenarios at all possible sensor locations allow the identification of the best or optimal sensor locations. Clearly, if only one sensor is to be placed, it should be at the location that recorded the highest number of releases. This argument can be used recursively by removing from further consideration all releases already recorded by sensors previously placed.Findings – The method developed works well. Examples showing the effect of different wind conditions and release locations demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure.Practical implications – The method can be used to design sensor systems for cities, subway st...
Status Maintenance or Status Competition? Wife's Relative Wages as a Determinant of Labor Supply and Marital Instability

This paper tests two contending theories about the effect of the interaction between husband's and wife's earnings capabilities on the wife's laborforce participation and on the probability of marital dissolution. The first of these is Parsons' status competition model which suggests that, other things equal, the higher a woman's wage potential relative to her husband's the more peripheral should be her labor force attachment. Violation of this constraint by her employment in a status competitive position is presumed to lead to increased risk of marital disruption. By contrast, Oppenheimer's status maintenance model proposes that the family's efforts to enhance its position in the socioeconomic hierarchy is an inducement to the wife's employment the more congruent her potential laborforce achievement is with her husband's. Our results generally support the Oppenheimer model, although some support for Parsons' model was found. We conclude by emphasizing the need for study of the interactive linkages between husbands' and wives' careers. Models explaining male and female labor market experiences are increasingly developing largely in isolation from each other, with little in the way of systematic analyses exploring the interplay of husbands' and wives' work-related decisions and achievements. This paper is a departure from this trend. In particular, it draws on a persistent thread of speculation over the last several decades regarding the implications of a wife's employment for disruptive competition between marital partners.' Two major streams of thought are represented in the literature, each reaching strikingly different conclusions about the likely effect such status competition will have on a woman's proclivity to enter the labor force. This paper tries to examine
Cancer-related symptom clusters, eosinophils, and survival in hepatobiliary cancer: an exploratory study.

Context The study of symptom clusters is gaining increased attention in the field of oncology in an attempt to improve the quality of life of patients diagnosed with cancer.
Red-Light-Induced Decomposition of an Organic Peroxy Radical: A New Source of the HO2 Radical

The gas-phase decomposition of the α-hydroxy methylperoxy radical has been theoretically examined, and the results provide insight into a new source of the hydroperoxy radical (HO2 ) in the troposphere. Bimolecular peroxy decomposition is promoted by the red-light or near-IR radiation excitation. The calculations suggest for the first time, an important chemical role for the H2 O⋅HO2 radical complex that exist in significant abundance in the troposphere. In particular, the reaction of organic peroxy radicals with the HO2 radical and the H2 O⋅HO2 radical complex represent an autocatalytic source of atmospheric HO2 . This reaction is a new example of red-light-initiated atmospheric chemistry that may help in understanding the discrepancy between the observed and measured levels of the HOx at sunrise.
Silicon Microring Resonator-Based Broadband Comb Switch for Wavelength-Parallel Message Routing

We demonstrate error-free propagation of wavelength-parallel 160-Gb/s optical data in a broadband silicon microring resonator-based comb switch, and observe no power penalty increase associated with inter-channel crosstalk when scaling from one to 16 wavelength channels.
Cerium Activated Scintillation in Yttrium Halides: First Principles Theory and Prediction

Recently, scintillation has been observed in Ce-doped YI3, YBr3, and YCl3 crystals. In particular, YI3 has been reported to be among the scintillators with the highest luminosity. In this work, we present a systematic study of scintillation in any of the four YHa3:Ce materials where Ha = F, Cl, Br, I, using ab initio calculations. Last year, our group demonstrated successful application of a method of gauging scintillation properties of Ce-doped crystals based on first-principle calculations using density functional theory. This method has been developed as an integral component of a High Throughput Scintillator Discovery facility based at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. By analyzing the energies and spatial localization of the highest occupied band in the ground state and in the lowest excited state, we are able to make qualitative predictions about the possibility of scintillation in Ce-doped compounds. In this paper we present the details of our theoretical approach in application to yttrium halides and compare them with the available experiments. Our results yield a prediction of Ce-based scintillation for all four materials: YF3, YCl3, YBr3 and YI3 and are in correspondence with the available experimental data. We believe that our method is the first use of first-principles calculations to predict some of the factors necessary for the activation of Ce3+ ions in crystals.
Letters to the Editor Volume Effects in Drilling of Finished Optical Plates

A parallel plate of optical glass was drilled while monitoring the surface deformations and the transmission quality. Strains along the drilled channel surface were found to give rise to elastic displacements in a radial direction. These strains could be relieved without refiguring the plate.
Age, context and television use

This investigation compares television use in contexts of communication, social, and psychological confinement and non‐confinement. Findings indicate that environmental context is more influential than chronological age in determining viewing motivations, program preferences, and viewing behaviors.
Pulse modulator developments in support of klystron testing at SLAC

Several families of high power klystrons in S- and X-Band are being developed in the Klystron Laboratory at SLAC. To support these developments, a number of new pulse modulators are being designed from scratch, or upgraded from existing laboratory test modulators. This paper outlines the modulator parameters available in the SLAC Klystron Laboratory, and discusses two new modulators that are under construction. >
National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE): Alzheimer Disease Trial Methodology

The authors describe the development of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) protocol for Alzheimer disease (AD), a trial developed in collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), assessing the effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for psychosis and agitation occurring in AD outpatients. They provide an overview of the methodology utilized in the trial as well as the clinical-outcomes and effectiveness measures that were implemented.
Rhytidectomy and Transtemporal Subperiosteal Midface Lifting

Techniques in midface lifting allow rejuvenation of an anatomic subunit that is not addressed in traditional lower face lifting procedures. Endoscopic and open forehead rejuvenation techniques address the brows and upper eyelid region, whereas standard face-lifting techniques address the lower third of the face and neck. Most facelift procedures do not adequately address the region from the lateral canthus to the lateral oral commissure [1]. Attempts at elevating the midface using bidirectional techniques and multiplanar dissection offered only modest improvement, with increased operative risks to the motor innervation of the lower eyelid and midface region [2, 3]. Extensive dissection of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system with release of the zygomatico–osseocutaneous retaining ligaments allowed greater manipulation of the malar fat pad and was advocated to realize upward movement of the medial cheek and improvement in the melolabial fold [15, 16]. Midface rejuvenation using the transeyelid composite approach advocated by Hamra, and the subperiosteal approach described by Baker have become more popular in recent years [2, 4]. Aggressive stretching, dissecting, and fixation of the orbicularis oculi and orbital septum may produce untoward and occasionally unpredictable results. In the demanding aesthetic population, the risks of lower eyelid retraction, frank ectropion, or neuropraxia must be minimized [5, 6].
Importance of routine comparisons between Luminex instruments within a single laboratory

Aim The development of solid phase single antigen bead (SAB) assays for HLA testing has allowed for better identification and monitoring of HLA antibodies. However, standardization of testing and interpretation has not occurred and several variables can contribute to variation within and between laboratories. Instrument standardization, when multiple machines are used in the same laboratory, is of critical importance especially when following patients longitudinally pre- or post-transplant. The purpose of this report is to highlight the value of routine instrument comparisons. Methods To compare fluorescence MFI values between Luminex instruments, 6 informative samples were tested using Class I SABs (One Lambda, Inc). Testing was performed in one tray and immediately prior to running; samples were split to two trays. This allowed the same test sample to be run simultaneously on 2 different machines. Data were collected and differences in MFI values for the same bead were compared between instruments. Results Initial comparison of individual bead MFI values between Lum-1 and Lum-2 showed significant variance of up to 20% (acceptable value 10%)(Fig. 1A). Subsequently, service was performed on both instruments to align, standardize and calibrate. Lum-1 was found to have a failing laser even though it passed daily QC. Testing was then repeated. Post instrument service now showed a marked decrease in the variance between the 2 instruments ( 6%).(Fig. 1B) Conclusion Our data clearly show the value of performing sample comparisons between Luminex instruments within the same laboratory. Luminex controls do not assure instrument comparability. Instruments not meeting predetermined standards should be serviced and acceptable values reestablished. Data should be collected on a semi-annual basis to reconfirm that the results between instruments are comparable. This practice ensures that MFI values are similar between instruments and allows labs to confidently evaluate and compare MFI values from multiple instruments. Download : Download full-size image
Concerns about “Teaching” at Professional Conferences

Faculty, as “students” at professional meetings, expect high quality “teaching.” We obtained their complaints about the teaching they received at conferences and found concerns across the teaching spectrum. These concerns can serve as guidelines for presenters to improve the quality of their presentations and pedagogy.
Quality and sensory characteristics of selected post-rigor, early deboned broiler breast meat tenderized using hydrodynamic shock waves

Our first objective was to determine the effects of explosive amount and distance of the explosive to the meat surface in the Hydrodyne process on broiler breast tenderness. Early deboned (EB) breasts were removed immediately after initial chill (45 min postmortem), stored for 24 h (4 C), and subjected to one of four Hydrodyne treatments (200 g at 20 cm, 350 g at 23 cm, 275 g at 20 cm, or 350 g at 20 cm). Breasts were water-cooked (78 C internal). Hydrodyne treatment (HYD) of 350 g at 20 cm produced the greatest reduction (28.3%) in Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS, 1.9-cm wide strips). This combination was the only treatment to improve tenderness (peak force 4.3 kg) to a level equivalent (P > 0.05) to aged controls (CA; peak force 3.1 kg). The second objective was to determine the quality and sensory characteristics of Hydrodyne-treated (350 g explosive at 20 cm) broiler breasts as compared with CA and EB. The WBS values (1.0-cm wide and thick strips) for CA (1.56 kg) were different from both HYD (3.7 kg) and EB breasts (4.7 kg). The CA resulted in more tender, flavorful, and juicer breasts than EB and HYD. The EB was higher in initial moisture release than HYD. The EB breasts with tenderness problems can be tenderized by the Hydrodyne process based on WBS results. However, higher levels of explosive may be required to optimize the tenderness improvement of EB breasts that vary significantly in initial tenderness.
Selective-plane illumination microscopy for high-content volumetric biological imaging

Light-sheet microscopy, also named selective-plane illumination microscopy, enables optical sectioning with minimal light delivered to the sample. Therefore, it allows one to gather volumetric datasets of developing embryos and other light-sensitive samples over extended times. We have configured a light-sheet microscope that, unlike most previous designs, can image samples in formats compatible with high-content imaging. Our microscope can be used with multi-well plates or with microfluidic devices. In designing our optical system to accommodate these types of sample holders we encounter large optical aberrations. We counter these aberrations with both static optical components in the imaging path and with adaptive optics. Potential applications of this microscope include studying the development of a large number of embryos in parallel and over long times with subcellular resolution and doing high-throughput screens on organisms or cells where volumetric data is necessary.
Experiments on the linear and non-linear evolution of the double helical instability in

A unique magnetic deformation system was used to drive the second helical mode of jet instability. Extensive measurements were made o f both linear and nonlinear effects. Near field measurements were found to be qualitatively consistent with existing models of linearized jet stability. A partial physical description was obtained of the subsequent non-linear evolution of the disturbance vorticitv. These are the first detailed measuremknts of the double helical mode, largely because of the limitations of past excitation systems. The data may aid in the development of numerical models of three dimensional flows. The mode itself is possibly relevant to the production o f jet noise.
Isosorbide, a New Oral Osmotic Diuretic:

SummaryIsosorbide has been shown to be an effective diuretic when given orally to rats. The urinary output is related to dosage with an 8- or 9-fold increase for the period of 4 hours following a dose of 10 g/kg of body weight. Based on carbon-14 studies, more than 95% of the administered dose is readily excreted largely unchanged in the urine. Because of its effectiveness and very low order of acute and sub-acute toxicity, isosorbide is considered as an orally effective osmotic diuretic.
Planning for Safe Schools: Impacts of School Siting and Surrounding Environments on Traffic Safety

This study explores the impacts of school siting and surrounding built environments on rates of motorist and pedestrian crashes around public schools in the Austin Independent School District, Texas, by using log-linear regressions. The results show that a higher sidewalk coverage and a higher percentage of local roads reduce pedestrian crashes around schools, while higher percentages of highways and commercial uses and higher transit stop densities increase motorist and pedestrian crashes. It is desirable to locate schools in areas with higher percentages of local roads and lower percentages of highways and commercial uses.
Lattice-Dynamical Study of the 110°K Phase Transition in SrTi O 3

The lattice-dynamical characteristic of the 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K transition in SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been elucidated by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. The transition is caused by a ${\mathrm{T}}_{25}$ soft-phonon mode at the [111] zone boundary, confirming the model recently proposed by Fleury, Scott, and Worlock. The square of the frequency of this soft mode is proportional to $T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{0}$ above the transition temperature ${T}_{0}$. At the transition, this zone boundary becomes a superlattice point, enlarging the unit cell. The results of elastic intensity measurements at the superlattice points at 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are consistent with the structure given by Unoki and Sakudo in its space group $\frac{I4}{mcm({{D}_{4h}}^{18})}$ as well as in the oxygen parameter. This structure is shown to be a logical consequence of the condensed soft mode.
Improvement in Mouse iPSC Induction by Rab32 Reveals the Importance of Lipid Metabolism during Reprogramming

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have variable expression levels of a series of genes that affect their pluripotent potential, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling reprogramming remain unclear. By testing the efficiency of iPSC generation using Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 (termed OSK) plus one additional gene, we found that Rab32 improved reprogramming efficiency. We established a system for detecting the number and the size of lipid droplets and autophagosomes per cell for tracking their morphological changes during reprogramming. Our results showed that Rab32 increased lipid storage during the early and middle stages, and also increased autophagy during the middle stage of reprogramming. These findings were further confirmed by the up-regulation of lipid biosynthesis and autophagosome formation related genes, of which their expression could improve iPSC induction. The inhibition of lipid biosynthesis and autophagosome formation significantly reduced reprogramming efficiency, and the inhibition of lipid synthesis phenotype could be rescued by the overexpression of Rab32. In addition, the expression of pluripotency genes such as Klf2, Nr5a2 and Tbx3, was up-regulated by Rab32. These results demonstrated that Rab32 could improve the induction of iPSCs through the enhancement of lipid biosynthesis, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism during reprogramming.
It Could Have Been Worse (1940s–1960s)

In 1942, France’s legal silence with regard to homosexuality came abruptly to an end. As head of the collaborationist Vichy government, Philippe Petain signed a law establishing separate ages of sexual majority for homosexuals and heterosexuals — for homosexuals the age was raised to twenty-one, while for heterosexuals the age remained thirteen.
The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Wound Healing in Breast Reconstruction.

BackgroundAlthough diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for surgical complications in general, there is little published evidence to establish such an effect among patients undergoing breast reconstruction (BR). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of DM on complications in pa
Evidence-based pathology in its second decade: toward probabilistic cognitive computing.

Summary Evidence-based pathology advocates using a combination of best available data (“evidence”) from the literature and personal experience for the diagnosis, estimation of prognosis, and assessment of other variables that impact individual patient care. Evidence-based pathology relies on systematic reviews of the literature, evaluation of the quality of evidence as categorized by evidence levels and statistical tools such as meta-analyses, estimates of probabilities and odds, and others. However, it is well known that previously “statistically significant” information usually does not accurately forecast the future for individual patients. There is great interest in “cognitive computing” in which “data mining” is combined with “predictive analytics” designed to forecast future events and estimate the strength of those predictions. This study demonstrates the use of IBM Watson Analytics software to evaluate and predict the prognosis of 101 patients with typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumors in which Ki-67 indices have been determined. The results obtained with this system are compared with those previously reported using “routine” statistical software and the help of a professional statistician. IBM Watson Analytics interactively provides statistical results that are comparable to those obtained with routine statistical tools but much more rapidly, with considerably less effort and with interactive graphics that are intuitively easy to apply. It also enables analysis of natural language variables and yields detailed survival predictions for patient subgroups selected by the user. Potential applications of this tool and basic concepts of cognitive computing are discussed.
Pathophysiology of varicose veins

Abstract Background Varicose veins, a common problem with effects on quality of life, account for a significant cost burden on the health care system. Despite their prevalence, the pathophysiologic mechanism of varicose veins remains incompletely understood. The fundamental issue is whether venous hypertension and valvular incompetence precede and influence the development of vein wall changes or whether the reverse is true. Methods We have reviewed the English-language literature to provide the most current understanding of the hemodynamic and cellular and molecular processes that underlie the development of varicose veins. Results Data at this time remain inconclusive, with compelling arguments to be made for both sides. It is clear that valvular incompetence and hemodynamic factors play a significant role, despite heterogeneity in study findings and lack of clear data for a specific pattern of valvular incompetence as an inciting factor. Numerous factors influence the development of varices on the cellular level, including hypoxia, dysregulated apoptosis, and alterations in the extracellular matrix. Conclusions Based on currently available evidence, varicose veins are a complex disease with multifactorial pathogenesis; it is as yet not possible to state conclusively what inciting factor is responsible for the development of varicose veins, and their development may result from imbalance of any number of several factors.
Phospho-specific antibodies targeting the amino terminus of the human dopamine transporter

The dopamine transporter (DAT), which mediates the inactivation of released dopamine through its reuptake, is the primary molecular target for the actions of psychostimulants. An increasing number of studies support an essential role for phosphorylation of serines (Ser) in the distal amino (N) terminus of DAT in regulating its function. Still, the molecular details of the regulation of phosphorylation and its impact on function are not fully understood. To address this, we have developed and characterized two distinct phospho-antibodies that recognize human DAT when it is phosphorylated at Ser7 or Ser12. Our data show that treatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), amphetamine (AMPH) or okadaic acid (OA) leads to an increase in the phosphorylation of DAT at both residues and that these responses are dependent on the activity of protein kinase C. We also show that AMPH-induced and OA-induced phosphorylation of DAT are dependent on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase α. Our data further suggest that the lipid raft localization of DAT is necessary for efficient N-terminal phosphorylation and for the associated behavioral effects of AMPH, demonstrating the potential of these novel antibodies as powerful tools to study DAT regulation and function in vivo.
Delamination Arrest by Fasteners in Aircraft Structure Under Static and Fatigue Loading

Laminated composite structures convey tremendous benefits of specific strength and fatigue properties in plane, but are highly susceptible to interlaminar failures such as delaminations and disbonds. The initiation of this failure mode further complicates the design as delaminations initiate along termination points of bonded interfaces, such as a skin-stringer, or are often driven by discrete damage events. As a result, the service life cannot be predicted in the same manner as for metallic aircraft where fatigue analysis is used to substantiate the damage tolerance of the aircraft. In order to provide a substantiation for the FAA damage tolerance requirement of composite bonded structures (FAR23.573), fasteners are subsequently installed. The delamination arrest by fasteners was studied in depth to create a detailed understanding of the process such that it could be accurately predicted under varying load conditions. The fastener itself provides crack arrest capability initially through mode I suppression, and subsequently through fastener joint shear stiffness and frictional load transfer. However, there is also important interplay between these three fastener parameters, the laminate fracture toughness, fatigue properties and the expected loading conditions which ultimately determines the fastener’s effectiveness in delamination arrestment. Tests were conducted utilizing multiple fasteners to understand the capability of fasteners to arrest delaminations generated by in plane loading both under static and fatigue loading, i.e. mode II propagation. The test results show that the fastener is capable of crack arrest and retardation, but is highly sensitive to inclusion of clearance in the system. Testing, in conjunction with analysis, also demonstrated that the load transfer through friction, which is generated by fastener installation torque, is a critical parameter in the arrestment of fatigue delaminations and plays a dominant role under a number of fatigue loading conditions. In conjunction with the testing and finite element analysis in Abaqus FEA, a high efficiency FEA based tool was developed in MATLAB which allowed for the more direct manipulation of the input parameters in order to best understand the influence of each. Comparisons between the predictive tool and experimental results showed agreement which indicated the ability of a highly simplified, one dimensional, model to capture the relatively complex fatigue delamination process, provided care was taken in establishing the input parameters.
User-Centered Evaluation of Visual Analytics

Visual analytics has come a long way since its inception in 2005. The amount of data in the world today has increased significantly and experts in many domains are struggling to make sense of their data. Visual analytics is helping them conduct their analyses. While software developers have worked for many years to develop software that helps users do their tasks, this task is becoming more and more onerous, as understanding the needs and data used by expert users requires more than some simple usability testing during the development process. The need for a user centered evaluation process was envisioned in Illuminating the Path, the seminal work on visual analytics by James Thomas and Kristin Cook in 2005. We have learned over the intervening years that not only will user-centered evaluation help software developers to turn out products that have more utility, the evaluation efforts can also help point out the direction for future research efforts. This book describes the efforts that go into analysis, including critical thinking, sensemaking, and various analytics techniques learned from the intelligence community. Support for these components is needed in order to provide the most utility for the expert users. There are a good number of techniques for evaluating software that has been developed within the human-computer interaction (HCI) community. While some of these techniques can be used as is, others require modifications. These too are described in the book. An essential point to stress is that the users of the domains for which visual analytics tools are being designed need to be involved in the process. The work they do and the obstacles in their current processes need to be understood in order to determine both the types of evaluations needed and the metrics to use in these evaluations. At this point in time, very few published efforts describe more than informal evaluations. The purpose of this book is to help readers understand the need for more user-centered evaluations to drive both better-designed products and to define areas for future research. Hopefully readers will view this work as an exciting and creative effort and will join the community involved in these efforts.
Protection of color and chemical degradation of anthocyanin from purple corn (Zea mays L.) by zinc ions and alginate through chemical interaction in a beverage model

Anthocyanin-rich purple corn pericarp water extract (PCW) has the potential to be used as a natural pigment in beverages. However, it has a limited shelf-life in aqueous solutions. The aim was to evaluate the effect of zinc ion (Zn2+) and alginate on color and chemical stability of anthocyanins from colored corn (PCW) in a beverage model for 12weeks. PCW was incorporated to Kool-Aid® Invisible™ along with ZnCl2 and/or alginate. Individual ANC were quantified through HPLC, and color stability was evaluated through the CIE-L*a*b* color system. Complexation between PCW and Zn/alginate was evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy. The combination of Zn and alginate was the most effective treatment improving the half-life of total ANC concentration (10.4weeks), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (7.5weeks) and chroma (18.4weeks), compared to only PCW (6.6, 4.5 and 12.7weeks, respectively). Zn and alginate had bimolecular quenching constants (Zn kq: 3.4×1011 M-1S-1 and AA kq: 1.0×1012 M-1S-1) suggesting that fluorescence quenching was binding rather than collisional. Results suggested that Zn/alginate interacted with ANC from purple corn slowing its chemical degradation.
Listening to the ‘Multi-Voiced’ Feminist Film: Aspects of Voice-over, Female Stardom, and Audio-Visual Pleasure in Stephanie Beroes’ The Dream Screen (1986)

Experimental film literature often neglects the important role played by sound design as a key aspect within feminist film practice. Indeed, the utilization of audio techniques, such as voice-over, polyphony, and sonic collage, can powerfully challenge the scopophilic fetishism placed upon images of women. In order to expand the scholarly conversation, I focus on an exemplary found-footage film, The Dream Screen , 1986, by Stephanie Beroes. The 45-minute, 16mm film presents appropriated and re-edited footage of LuLu (Louise Brooks) from G. W. Pabst’s silent film Pandora’s Box . As we see Lulu in familiar scenarios from the original film, the audience also bears witness to a rich tapestry of quotations on the soundtrack, all spoken by different women. These quotations span 1970s feminist theory, Greek mythology, RB Article accepted: January 10, 2018; Published online: April 15, 2018; Original scholarly paper How to cite this article: Ogrodnik, Ben. "Listening to the ‘Multi-Voiced’ Feminist Film: Aspects of Voice-over, Female Stardom, and Audio-Visual Pleasure in Stephanie Beroes’ The Dream Screen (1986)." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 15 (2018): 67–82. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i15.231
Agonist regulation of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in embryonic chick heart.

J. B. Galper, L. C. Dziekan and T. W. Smith. The correlation between number of muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites as measured by binding of the muscarinic agonist (3H)methyl-scopolamine ((3H)MS) and the ability of muscarinic agonists to mediate a physiologic response was determined in intact heart cells cultured from chick embryos 10 days in ovo. The increase in K+ permeability and the decrease in beating rate mediated by the muscarinic agonist car-bamylcholine were the responses studied. In cells labelled to equilibrium with 42K+, exposure to 10–3 M carbamycholine caused a 33% increase in the rate of 42K+ efflux from the cell with a half-maximal effect at a carbamylcholine concentration of 8×10–5 M. Steady state Intracellular K+ content remained at control levels. A 15% decrease in beating rate occurred in cells exposed to 10–3 M carbamylcholine. Since muscarinic receptors on the surface of the Intact cell are presumed to mediate the physiologic response to the agonist, an assay for binding of (3H)MS to Intact cells was developed. (3H)MS bound specifically to intact heart cells (l85fmol/mg protein) with a Kd of 0.48 nM.
Glycoprotein Expression and Function in Embryo-Uterine Interactions

The interactions that occur among embryonic and uterine cells during the implantation process are dramatic examples of highly-regulated cell adhesion events. Evidence has accumulated over the past few years implicating the involvement of glycoproteins of both embryonic and uterine cell surfaces in these interactions. Notably, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), integrins, lactosaminoglycans and their receptors as well as a variety of other components of the extracellular matrix have the capacity to support aspects of cell adhesion in this system. From the standpoint of the embryo, glycoprotein expression appears to be regulated by the developmental clock of the embryo, such that HSPG- and integrindependent cell adhesion systems are expressed early relative to certain other cell adhesion systems. In the uterus, there appear to be a number of factors that influence patterns of glycoprotein expression. These include steroid hormones, maturational factors and potential embryonic influences. Uterine epithelial cells are even more complex with regard to regulation of glycoprotein expression. In addition to the considerations described above, the apical and basolateral cell surface domains of uterine epithelial cells exhibit a marked difference in their respective patterns of glycoprotein expression. Furthermore, different glycoproteins are metabolized at different rates and by different pathways within these cells. Collectively, it appears that glycoprotein expression by the embryo and the uterus is quite dynamic. This property is likely to have important consequences with regard to the cell-cell interactions that occur during implantation.
Equilibria in Condensed Phases

BY EQUATION (5.102) THE CHEMICAL potential μiis the contribution per mole of the ith constituent to the Gibbs energy in a homogeneous region. For equilibrium to exist between this region and a different homogeneous region, the chemical potentials must be equal following condition (6.102). In an ideal gas phase, μiis related to the pressure of the ith constituent by formula (7.40) $$ {\mu _i} = \mu _i^0 + RT\ln {P_i} $$ (8.1)
Multi-subspace representation and discovery

This paper presents the multi-subspace discovery problem and provides a theoretical solution which is guaranteed to recover the number of subspaces, the dimensions of each subspace, and the members of data points of each subspace simultaneously. We further propose a data representation model to handle noisy real world data. We develop a novel optimization approach to learn the presented model which is guaranteed to converge to global optimizers. As applications of our models, we first apply our solutions as preprocessing in a series of machine learning problems, including clustering, classification, and semisupervised learning. We found that our method automatically obtains robust data presentation which preserves the affine subspace structures of high dimensional data and generate more accurate results in the learning tasks. We also establish a robust standalone classifier which directly utilizes our sparse and low rank representation model. Experimental results indicate our methods improve the quality of data by preprocessing and the standalone classifier outperforms some state-of-the-art learning approaches.
Digital Meritocracy: Intermediary Organizations and the Construction of Policy Knowledge:

This ethnographic case investigates the relationship between the daily organizing work of one education technology “intermediary organization” (IO) in Silicon Valley, California and federal educati...
Cellular Localization and Dosage Regulation of Neural Stimulation Enabled by 1.05 GHz Ultrasonics

A novel neural stimulation system is demonstrated that is capable of delivering tunable ultrasonic stimulus at the cellular level and additionally providing feedback information towards dosage regulation. GHz aluminum nitride ultrasound transducers provide continuous wave stimulation to in vitro, retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at 1.05 GHz. Results show stimulation of optically recorded calcium ion transients in SH-SY5Y cells, with during stimulation increases in FIFo of 1.5 ± 0.328, differing from pre-stimulation with p $a$ = 0.01.