cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stefan Zweig’s Clinical Biography, 1930–1932

This chapter treats with the origins, research process, and argumentative development of Stefan Zweig’s Marie Antoinette: Bildnis eines mittleren Charakters (Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Average Woman) of 1932. It begins by situating Zweig’s biographical output of the late 1920s in relation to contemporaneous trends in psychological biography and French Revolutionary history. It then discusses the author’s dual scenario of a Dauphine’s unfulfilled sexual longings subsumed in extravagant amusements at court and a queen’s belated assumption of official obligations, culminating in self-actualization through suffering and then acceptance of fate during the most radical phase of the Revolution. The essay further considers the contradictions inherent in the author’s determination to avoid a direct statement against the rise of fascism in Germany and forward a message of “inward hope” constitutive of passive acceptance of fate. Finally, it addresses the book’s enormous appeal to the public despite a mixed reception by critics.
Design and Experimentation of Shape Memory Alloy Wire Bundle Actuators

Current literature describes the use of multiple muscle wires placed in parallel to increase the lifting capabilities of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuator. Toward this end, this research studied the design and development of SMA muscle wire bundle actuators, encompassing two areas: 1) the optimization of bundle design and 2) the development and comparison of varied bundle actuators. To date, bundle arrangement has been limited to wires of like-diameter. The first part of this paper describes the formulation of a constrained optimization problem that explored the use of several different diameter wires for an optimal SMA bundle actuator. The final section of this paper presents the experimental results of several configurations consisting of series of wires placed in parallel, joined or intertwined and crimped together, or bundled separately. As a case study, the design and development of SMA bundle actuators for the Rutgers robotic hand is presented.
Maximizing Contact of Supersoft Bottlebrush Networks with Rough Surfaces To Promote Particulate Removal.

Efficient removal of particulates from a rough surface with a soft material through a “press and peel” method (i.e., an adhesion and release approach) depends on good conformal contact at the inter...
Modeling of fuel-cladding stresses in porous UC/SIC fuel pins

Abstract Maximum stress development in nuclear fuel pins during their exploitation in the gas-cooled Gen-IV reactors is an important parameter for analysis of fuel-cladding compatibility, especially in the case of testing of new fuel or cladding materials. This article is devoted to the stress evaluation in the combination of uranium carbide fuel and silicon carbide cladding. Swelling fuel exerts the largest pressure on the cladding when initial gap between fuel and cladding has been already closed. Numerical modeling predicts rapid stress increase in this regime. To alleviate these stresses annular-shaped kernel-based bi-modal porous pellets have been designed in the General Atomics Co. with small pores in the spherical agglomerates (kernels) and comparatively large pores between kernels. A new numerical approach is developed to take into account specific features of the mechanical behavior of this new fuel. The modeling predicts stress decrease in direct proportion to porosity of the fuel, but the most significant stress reduction is expected with the upper bound increase of reactor power accompanied by the temperature increase in the pellet. Because of the temperature non-uniformity, stress relaxation in the pellet is sensitive not only to the mean value of porosity but also to its distribution along the pellet radius. Comparatively cold regions near the cladding must have higher porosity than high-temperature core regions for efficient stress relaxation.
Constraints and opportunities for innovation in the Moving to Work Demonstration Program

The Moving to Work (MTW) Demonstration Program provides participating housing agencies with additional programmatic and operational flexibility that is used to achieve Congress’s statutory goals. T...
The first malignant primary hepatic glomus tumor: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare neoplasms that originate from the modified smooth muscle cells of glomus bodies and occasionally arise from visceral primary sites. All previously reported primary hepatic GTs were benign. Here we report the first malignant primary hepatic GT. Presentation of case Our patient is a 60-year-old male who presented with weight loss, early satiety, night sweats, and abdominal distention. Imaging demonstrated a large mass abutting the stomach, duodenum, and head of the pancreas, exerting mass effect on the portal vein and inferior vena cava. Biopsy results were deemed nondiagnostic after extensive review at multiple academic institutions. We performed a caudate lobe resection, antrectomy, and Bilroth II gastrojejunostomy that required skeletonization of much of the periportal vascular anatomy and the repair of multiple venotomies due to the tumor’s adherence to the inferior vena cava. Histopathologic evaluation revealed morphologic and immunohistochemical findings consistent with a malignant GT, and next-generation sequencing using a targeted panel revealed an inactivating TP53 mutation. Discussion This case presented both a surgical and histopathologic challenge, requiring meticulous operative technique for resection in conjunction with a combination of characteristic morphologic features and immunohistochemical staining for diagnosis. Sequencing results using a targeted panel add to the limited GT genomic literature. Conclusion While rare, it is important to consider malignant GTs in the differential diagnosis for heterogeneous liver masses. Close follow-up will be essential to monitor our patient’s clinical course and expeditiously pursue any further interventions.
Empowerment through Accessibility: Community Needs Assessment Data for LGBTQ Communities

LGBTQ individuals disproportionally experience a variety of adverse health outcomes as compared to heterosexual individuals with similar backgrounds. New Orleans has the fourth-highest concentration of LGBTQ individuals in American metropolitan areas. This research defined, measured, and prioritized LGBTQ community needs based on reports from professionals currently involved in healthcare and social service provision. A total of 22 interviews were completed with service providers located in the Greater New Orleans area. The project outlines the greatest programming needs to reduce health and quality of life disparities currently observed in LGBTQ populations. Major service barriers and considerations for research with minority populations are also discussed. Affordable housing, mental health service accessibility, service provider cultural competence, and transportation management were found to play major roles in LGBTQ focused program efficacy. Researchers include suggestions for implementing participatory research methodology into future studies.
Method-level bug localization using hybrid multi-objective search

Abstract Context: One of the time-consuming maintenance tasks is the localization of bugs especially in large software systems. Developers have to follow a tedious process to reproduce the abnormal behavior then inspect a large number of files. While several studies have been proposed for bugs localization, the majority of them are recommending classes/files as outputs which may still require high inspection effort. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the natural language used in bug reports and the programming language which limits the efficiency of existing approaches since most of them are mainly based on lexical similarity. Objective: In this paper, we propose an automated approach to find and rank the potential methods in order to localize the source of a bug based on a bug report description. Method: Our approach finds a good balance between minimizing the number of recommended classes and maximizing the relevance of the proposed solution using a hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm combining local and global search. The relevance of the recommended code fragments is estimated based on the use of the history of changes and bug-fixing, and the lexical similarity between the bug report description and the API documentation. Our approach operates on two main steps. The first step is to find the best set of classes satisfying the two conflicting criteria of relevance and the number of classes to recommend using a global search based on NSGA-II. The second step is to locate the most appropriate methods to inspect, using a local multi-objective search based on Simulated Annealing (MOSA) from the list of classes recommended by the first step. Results: We evaluated our system on 6 open source Java projects, using the version of the project before fixing the bug of many bug reports. Our hybrid multi-objective approach is able to successfully locate the true buggy methods within the top 10 recommendations for over 78% of the bug reports leading to a significant reduction of developers’ effort comparing to class-level bug localization techniques. Conclusion: The experimental results show that the search-based approach significantly outperforms four state-of-the-art methods in recommending relevant files for bug reports.
Distributed Mirror Descent with Integral Feedback: Convergence Analysis from a Dynamical System Perspective

This work addresses distributed risk minimization, where a network of agents wants to minimize a global strongly convex objective function. The global function can be written as a sum of local convex functions, each of which is associated with an agent. We propose a continuous-time distributed mirror descent algorithm that uses purely local information to converge to the global optimum. An integral feedback is incorporated into the update, allowing the algorithm to converge with a constant step-size (when discretized). We establish the asymptotic convergence of the algorithm using Lyapunov stability analysis and also prove that the algorithm indeed achieves (local) exponential convergence. We provide a numerical experiment on a real data-set as a validation of the convergence speed of our algorithm.
Caste: the origins of our discontents: by I. Wilkerson, New York, Random House, 2020, 476 pp., $32.00 (hardcover)

After reading Pulitzer-prize winning author Isabel Wilkerson’s 2010 masterpiece The Warmth of Other Suns, I anxiously anticipated the publication of her next book Caste: The Origins of Our Disconte...
Superconducting fluctuation diamagnetism above T c in YBa 1 Cu 3 O 7 , La 1.8 Sr 0.2 CuO 4 , and Bi 2 − x Pb x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + δ

Magnetic susceptibility data are presented for the title compounds. All show negative curvature below \ensuremath{\sim}2${T}_{c}$. Data for grain-aligned ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ are in excellent agreement with a new calculation of the superconducting fluctuation diamagnetism. We infer s-wave pairing and Ginzburg-Landau coherence lengths ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$(0)=13.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 A\r{} and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{c}$(0)=1.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.19 A\r{}. Both of the order-parameter bands are found to be essential in the fit. Part of the above negative curvature is inferred to arise from the normal-state background.
Isolation and characterization of agglutinin receptor sites: III. Studies on the interaction with other lectins

Abstract 1. 1. A wheat germ agglutinin receptor fraction isolated from surface membranes of leukemia cells failed to interact with concanavalin A but did interact to a lesser degree with two other agglutinins. 2. 2. A preparation of concanavalin A that was not multivalent but presumably monovalent and which blocked the agglutination of susceptible cells by intact concavalin A had no effect on the agglutinability of the same cells by wheat germ agglutinin. 3. 3. Antiserum against the isolated wheat germ agglutinin receptor fraction from leukemia cells did not react with the normal lymphocytes nor did it react with red blood cells of syngeneic mice. 4. 4. The same antiserum against the wheat germ agglutinin receptor fraction inhibited the agglutination of L1210 (leukemia), Py 3T3 and Py BHK cells by wheat germ agglutinin but had no effect on the agglutination by concanavalin A of Py 3T3 or Py BHK cells. 5. 5. It was concluded that at least some lectin receptors are chemically and topographically on the membrane distinct from each other.
Kappa Antagonist JDTic in Phase 1 Clinical Trial.

The biological bases for depression are unknown, but it is clear that depressive episodes can be precipitated by stressful experience and individuals at risk for depression are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of stress. Similarly, stress exposure enhances the risk of drug addiction, and addicted individuals will often increase their consumption of addictive drugs or relapse when stressed (Brady and Sinha, 2005). These insights suggest that pharmacological treatments that enhance stress resilience might be useful complements to other modes of behavioral interventions, and a proresilience medication may benefit individuals at risk for depression or addiction.
The Manong's "Songs of Love": Gendered and Sexualized Dimensions of Carlos Bulosan's Literature and Labor Activism

This article takes the 2013 passage of California Assembly Bill 123, which mandatesinstruction on the Filipino contribution to the state’s farm workers movementin public education curriculum, as an occasion to analyze the gendered andsexualized dimensions of Carlos Bulosan’s literature and labor activism. The articleconsiders the texts and contexts of America is in the Heart and Bulosan’s shortstory “As Long as the Grass Shall Grow” to demonstrate how Bulosan’s materialist,dialectical analysis also involves an incisive critique of the intersections of class,race, gender, and sexuality. As Bulosan narrates the proletariat struggles of themanong generation, he reveals how the Filipino immigrant’s status as racializedlabor is also gendered and sexualized therefore necessitating that one’s laboractivism be defined by an anti-patriarchal and anti-heteronormative stance. In thisway, Bulosan presents us with a potentially expansive model of Filipino politicalconsciousness, a model that is not restricted to a masculine revolutionary practicecharacterized by a laboring brotherhood. Furthermore, it is a revolutionary practicethat by its very nature resists a toothless multicultural inclusion in state andnational history and highlights the racialized, gendered, and sexualized violenceof both US neocolonialism and domestic racism. Ultimately, this article insists thatBulosan calls for an intersectional liberatory praxis that is both anticolonial andanti-capitalist.
Interconversion of isoenzymes of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase. II. Physical characterization of the enzyme and its subunits.

Abstract Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase and its subunits were examined for their physical characteristics. The intact enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. The smallest apparent subunit was obtained by dissociating the enzyme with sodium dodecylsulfate and the molecular weight obtained was 7,500. Evidence for three partially dissociated forms was obtained; the subunits obtained by urea treatment was 25,000 to 30,000 daltons, the subunits obtained by treatment with maleic anhydride had an apparent molecular weight of 15,000 daltons, and the subunits obtained by the addition of urea and sodium dodecylsulfate together gave molecular weights of 30,000, 22,500, 15,000, as well as 7,500. Dissociation by sodium dodecylsulfate alone (no urea) produced subunits of 7,500 daltons. Therefore we propose that Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase is composed of eight subunits. These are the smallest subunits of an enzyme reported to date. The size of the subunit conflicts with genetic and analytical data presented previously. The intact enzyme can occur in five or more electrophoretic forms. Evidence is presented to show that these forms do not represent dimers or aggregates since they all have the same sedimentation rates.
Critical Race Theory

Critical race theory is a body of work that first emerged in American legal scholarship in the late 1980s and has since spread to other disciplines. It investigates a paradox: How does racism persist despite its nearly universal condemnation by state policy and by the norms of polite society? Rejecting the conventional liberal position that racism survives only as a relic from a less-enlightened time or as a characteristic of poorly educated or troubled individuals, critical race theorists take the position that racism is ordinary and normal in contemporary society, indeed perhaps integral to social practices and institutions.
Reality Television and Arab Politics: Contention in Public Life

What does it mean to be modern outside the West? Based on a wealth of primary data collected over five years, Reality Television and Arab Politics analyzes how reality television stirred an explosive mix of religion, politics, and sexuality, fuelling heated polemics over cultural authenticity, gender relations, and political participation in the Arab world. The controversies, Kraidy argues, are best understood as a social laboratory in which actors experiment with various forms of modernity, continuing a long-standing Arab preoccupation with specifying terms of engagement with Western modernity. Women and youth take center stage in this process. Against the backdrop of dramatic upheaval in the Middle East, this book challenges the notion of a monolithic 'Arab Street' and offers an original perspective on Arab media, shifting attention away from a narrow focus on al-Jazeera, toward a vibrant media sphere that compels broad popular engagement and contentious political performance.
Impact of heating and air conditioning system operation and leakage on ventilation and intercompartment transport: studies in unoccupied and occupied Tennessee Valley homes.

Forced-air heating and air conditioning (HAC) systems caused an average and maximum increase in air infiltration rates of 1.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively, during brief whole-house studies of tracer gas decay in 39 occupied houses. An average increase in air infiltration rate of 0.33 +/- 0.37 h-1 corresponded to an incremental air leak of 240 m3/h, based on approximate house volume. More detailed tracer gas decay studies were performed in basement, kitchen and bedroom locations of six homes with low air infiltration rates (i.e., less than 0.25 h-1). The HAC mixed the indoor air efficiently between measurement sites. HAC operation also caused 1.1- to 3.6-fold increases in air infiltration rates, corresponding to absolute increases of 0.02 to 0.1 h-1. In an unoccupied research house, three-fold increases in average air infiltration rate with HAC operation (i.e., from 0.13 to 0.36 h-1) were reduced to two-fold (i.e., from 0.10 to 0.18 h-1) by sealing the external HAC unit and crawlspace ductwork system. This sealing also resulted in a 30 percent reduction in crawlspace-to-indoor transport rates with the HAC turned on. Blower door tests indicated a less than 20 percent reduction in house leakage area.
Impact of increasing physical activity on cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors: Rationale and study design of Memory & Motion

Abstract Introduction Many breast cancer survivors experience problems with cognitive functioning that can persist years after treatment. Increasing physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in healthy and cognitively impaired adults, but has not yet been tested in cancer survivors. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effects of a 3-month physical activity intervention compared to a waitlist Control arm on neuropsychological outcomes and subjective cognitive concerns in breast cancer survivors. Methods Eighty sedentary breast cancer survivors, self-reporting difficulties with cognition, will be randomized into an Exercise arm or Control arm. The Exercise arm includes an activity tracker (i.e., a Fitbit), phone calls, plus tailored and non-tailored email content. The Control arm will receive emails on women's health topics on the same schedule as the Exercise arm. Assessments conducted at baseline and 3 months include: neuropsychological testing, cognitive concerns and other aspects of quality of life, and 7 days of a hip-worn accelerometer. Participants will also provide fasting blood draws to assess brain-derived neurotropic factor, Insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein. Primary and secondary outcomes are changes in neuropsychological testing and cognitive concerns. Biomarkers will be examined to further understand the underlying relationship between physical activity and cognition. Conclusion The Memory & Motion study is designed to test whether increasing physical activity can improve cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors. Results from this study could be used to guide development of interventions to improve cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors.
Regulation of Salmonella typhimurium virulence gene expression by cationic antimicrobial peptides

Summary Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) represent a conserved and highly effective component of innate immunity. During infection, the Gram-negative patho- gen Salmonella typhimurium induces different mech- anisms of CAMP resistance that promote pathogenesis in animals. This study shows that expo- sure of S. typhimurium to sublethal concentrations of CAMP activates the PhoP/PhoQ and RpoS virulence regulons, while repressing the transcription of genes required for flagella synthesis and the invasion- associated type III secretion system. We further dem- onstrate that growth of S. typhimurium in low doses of the a -helical peptide C18G induces resistance to CAMP of different structural classes. Inducible resis- tance depends on the presence of PhoP, indicating that the PhoP/PhoQ system can sense sublethal con- centrations of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Growth of S. typhimurium in the presence of CAMP also leads to RpoS-dependent protection against hydrogen per- oxide. Because bacterial resistance to oxidative stress and CAMP are induced during infection of ani- mals, CAMP may be an important signal recognized by bacteria on colonization of animal tissues.
Aging in nonlinear optical polymer waveguides

The role that polymers will play as optical waveguides in the photonic communications revolution is described, including examples of polymer photonic devices, physical and optical requirements, aging mechanisms, competing materials, electric-field poled polymer films, room-temperature processed polymer films, and analytical methods for studying physical aging. Several important recent aging studies on nonlinear optical polymers, both thermoplastic and thermoset, are reviewed.
Conditioned medium enhances neuritic outgrowth from rat spinal cord explants.

Abstract Medium conditioned by primary cultures of fetal or neonatal rat skeletal muscle, fibroblasts, or lung cells dramatically increases the neuritic outgrowth from spinal cord explants. After 7 days in vitro , the outgrowth of neurites from 15- to 16-day fetal rat spinal cord slices grown in conditioned medium (CM) covers a 3- to 4-fold greater area than that from slices grown in fresh, nonconditioned (control) medium. Moreover, the pattern of neuritic outgrowth is markedly different in CM-treated slices. In control slices, the neurites form a tangled, dense network of neurites which usually extend only a small distance from the slice edge, while in CM-treated slices, the neurites form a more open network, with the majority of neurites extending radially for long distances (up to several millimeters) from the slice edge. The effect of CM on neuritic outgrowth is not due to a detoxification or modification of the serum in the medium, because increased neuritic outgrowth was observed in slices grown in medium conditioned in the presence or absence of 10% fetal calf serum. The outgrowth-enhancing factor(s) in CM has a high molecular weight, since all outgrowth-enhancing activity is retained by membrane filters with a nominal molecular weight cutoff of 10 5 daltons. This factor(s) is stable at 58°C for 30 min, and does not appear to be βNGF or fibronectin.
A modified linear analysis of a wave-energy conversion buoy

Abstract The analysis of a pneumatic-type wave-energy conversion buoy is developed assuming independence of the buoy heaving motion and the motion of the water column within the center pipe. Results of the analysis are then compared with experimental data in a study of the relative air velocity within the turbine passage. The results compare very well. The effect of the variation of the center pipe length is found to be significant for periods about the surge chamber resonance but is negligible in the neighborhood of the heaving resonance period. Further, the theory is applied to a prototype buoy study of the U.S. Coast Guard, and a dimensionless design curve is developed from the results of the prototype analysis.
Transmission disequilibrium testing of dopamine-related candidate gene polymorphisms in ADHD: confirmation of association of ADHD with DRD4 and DRD5.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioral disorders. Genetic factors contribute to the underlying liability to develop ADHD. Reports implicate variants of genes important for the synthesis, uptake, transport and receptor binding of dopamine in the etiology of ADHD, including DRD4, DAT1, DRD2, and DRD5. In the present study, we genotyped a large multiplex sample of ADHD affected children and their parents for polymorphisms in genes previously reported to be associated with ADHD. Associations were tested by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). The sample is sufficient to detect genotype relative risks (GRRs) for putative risk alleles. The DRD4 gene 120-bp insertion/deletion promoter polymorphism displayed a significant bias in transmission of the insertion (2=7.58, P=0.006) as suggested by an analysis of a subset of these families. The seven repeat allele of the DRD4 48-bp repeat polymorphism (DRD4.7) was not significantly associated with ADHD in the large sample in contrast to our earlier findings in a smaller subset. We replicate an association of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism near the DRD5 gene with ADHD by showing biased nontransmission of the 146-bp allele (P=0.02) and a trend toward excess transmission of the 148-bp allele (P=0.053). No evidence for an association was found for polymorphisms in DRD2 or DAT1 in this sample. The DRD5 146-bp (DRD5.146) allele and the DRD4 240-bp (DRD4.240) allele of the promoter polymorphism emerge as the two DNA variants showing a significant association in this large sample of predominantly multiplex families with ADHD, with estimated GRRs of 1.7 and 1.37, respectively.
Everything important in business and industry is evaluated

The business environment and culture dictate expectations for economic impact of training that must be understood by evaluators.
A computational model of unresolved allergic inflammation in chronic asthma

We have previously developed an agent-based computational model to demonstrate the feasibility of a novel hypothesis we term the inflammatory twitch. This hypothesis potentially explains the dynamics of the normal response to allergic inflammation in the lung (Pothen JJ, Poynter ME, Bates JH. J Immunol 190: 3510-3516, 2013) on the basis that antigenic stimulation sets in motion both the onset of inflammation and its subsequent resolution. The result is a self-limited inflammatory event that is similar in a formal sense to a skeletal muscle twitch. We hypothesize here that the chronic airway inflammation characteristic of asthma may represent the failure of the inflammatory twitch to resolve back to baseline. Our model provides a platform with which to perform virtual experiments aimed at investigating possible mechanisms leading to accentuation and/or prolongation of the inflammatory twitch. We used our model to determine how the inflammatory twitch is modified by knocking out certain cell types, interfering with cell activity, and altering cell lifetimes. Increasing the duration of activation of proinflammatory cells (considered to be chiefly neutrophils and eosinophils) markedly accentuated and prolonged the inflammatory twitch. This aberrant twitch behavior was largely abrogated by knocking out T-helper cells (simulating the effect of corticosteroids). The aberrant inflammatory twitch was also normalized by reducing the lifetime of the proinflammatory cells, suggesting that increasing apoptosis of these cells may be a therapeutic target in asthma.
Redox properties of mixed methyl/vinylferrocenyl monolayers on Si(111) surfaces

We report the redox properties of Si(111) surfaces functionalized with a mixed monolayer of vinylferrocenyl and methyl moieties that have been characterized using spectroscopic, electrical, and electrochemical techniques. The silicon was functionalized using reaction conditions analogous to those of hydrosilylation, but instead of a H-terminated Si surface, a chlorine-terminated Si precursor surface was used to produce the linked vinyl-modified functional group. The functionalized surfaces were characterized by time-resolved photoconductivity decay, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, and photoelectrochemical measurements. The functionalized Si surface was well passivated, exhibited high surface coverage and few remaining reactive Si atop sites, had a very low surface recombination velocity, and displayed little initial surface oxidation. The surface was stable toward atmospheric and electrochemical oxidation. The surface coverage of vinylferrocene (or fluorostyrene) was controllably varied from 0 up to 30% of a monolayer. Interfacial charge transfer to the attached ferrocene group was relatively rapid, and a photovoltage of 0.4 V was generated upon illumination of functionalized n-type silicon surfaces in CH_(3)CN.
CT of tracheal agenesis

Background Tracheal agenesis is a rare and usually lethal anomaly. In the past, opaque contrast medium was injected via the esophagus to demonstrate the anatomy.
Future Requirements for Modeling and Simulation Technology

The implementation of massive network architectures like the Global Information Grid coupled with the introduction of Internet Protocol Version 6 will change the way in which modeling and simulations will be conducted. Also, emergent requirements for testing and training will dictate changes to current M&S practices and techniques. This paper presents a survey of the future M&S requirements and technologies that must be explored to ensure that M&S is able to support future applications.
Reperfusion differentially induces caspase-3 activation in ischemic core and penumbra after stroke in immature brain

Background and Purpose— Different strategies for neuroprotection of neonatal stroke may be required because the developing brain responds differently to hypoxia-ischemia than the mature brain. This study was designed to determine the role of caspase-dependent injury in the pathophysiology of pure focal cerebral ischemia in the immature brain. Methods— Postnatal day 7 rats were subjected to permanent or transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Diffusion-weighted MRI was used during occlusion to noninvasively map the evolving ischemic core. The time course of caspase-3 activation in ischemic brain tissue was determined with the use of an Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aminomethylcoumarin cleavage assay. The anatomy of caspase-3 activation in the ischemic core and penumbra was mapped immunohistochemically with an anti–activated caspase-3 antibody in coronal sections that matched the imaging planes on diffusion-weighted MRI. Results— A marked increase in caspase-3 activity occurred within 24 hours of reperfusion af...
Photo-sensitized oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. The identification of different pathways

The photo-sensitized oxidation of methyl linolenate and methyl oleate was studied using erythrosine and riboflavin as sensitizers. The complex mixtures of hydroperoxides obtained were analyzed for the proportion of conjugated products and, after reduction to the corresponding mixtures of hydroxystearates, for the distribution of positional isomers. By comparing the mixtures with that obtained from autoxidation, it was shown that the riboflavin reaction involved the “Type 1” mechanism of photosensitized oxidation which proceded via the formation of diene-radicals and yielded the same positional isomers of hydroperoxides as autoxidation. Thus, mixtures of the 8, 9, 10, and 11 positional isomers of allylic hydroperoxides were formed from oleate and the 9, 12, 13, and 16 isomers of conjugated diene-hydroperoxides from linolenate oxidation. The erythrosine reaction, on the other hand, proceded via the “Type 2”. mechanism which involved singlet oxygen as the oxygenating species. The mixtures of isomers resulting from oxidation involving singlet oxygen were different from those obtained by autoxidation. Oleate oxidation gave rise to a mixture of only the 9 and 10 positional isomers while the mixture obtained from oxidation of methyl linolenate contained non-conjugated hydroperoxide isomers (with the hydroperoxide group at positions 10 and 15) as well as the conjugated—9, 12, 13, and 16—isomers.
Human fetal borreliosis, toxemia of pregnancy, and fetal death.

Case 1: A 24 year old woman (G 1, P 0, Ab 0) delivered a 2500 gram stillborn male fetus at term. Her prenatal care record was negative for factors associated with high risk pregnancy. No infections were diagnosed during the prenatal period. Case 2: A 22 year old woman (G 1, PO, Ab 0) delivered a 514 gram stillborn macerated female fetus at nineteen weeks gestation. Her antepartum course was complicated by toxemia of pregnancy which had its onset during the seventeenth week of pregnancy and was manifest by hypertension, albuminuria, facial edema, and peripheral edema. No infections wer diagnosed during the prenatal period. Case 3: A 37 year old woman (G 3, P 0, Ab 2) delivered a 490 gram stillborn male fetus showing mild maceration at twenty three weeks gestation. She had a chronic collagen disease in clinical remission during the pregnancy. The collagen disease was marked by episodes of fever, thrombocytopenia, anemia, arthritis, and lymphadenopathy and had been controlled with low dose oral prednisone. The patient was not receiving prednisone during the antepartum period. Amniocentesis was performed at the twentieth week of gestation and revealed a normal fetal karyotype. Toxemia of pregnancy had its onset during the twenty second week of gestation and was manifest as hypertension, and proteinuria. No infections were diagnosed during the prenatal period. Case 4: A 32 year old woman (G 2, P 0, Ab 1) delivered an 85 gram female fetus showing mild maceration at 15 weeks gestation. Her antepartum clinical record revealed no factors for a high risk pregnancy. No infections were diagnosed during the antepartum period.
Esophageal Compression by the Aorta After Arterial Switch

Extrinsic compression of the esophagus in children most often occurs in the presence of a congenital vascular ring. We recently operated on a patient in whom esophageal compression had developed that was severe enough to require feeding via a gastrostomy tube several years after the arterial switch operation. Aortopexy and extensive mediastinal mobilization were performed twice with transient relief and gradual return of symptoms. Almost 3 years after the first aortopexy, lasting relief was achieved by transposing the esophagus into the right side of the chest.
Distribution and abundance of freshwater polychaetes, Manayunkia speciosa (Polychaeta), in the Great Lakes with a 70-year case history for western Lake Erie

Abstract Manayunkia speciosa has been a taxonomic curiosity for 150 years with little interest until 1977 when it was identified as an intermediate host of a fish parasite ( Ceratomyxa shasta ) responsible for fish mortalities (e.g., chinook salmon). Manayunkia was first reported in the Great Lakes in 1929. Since its discovery, the taxon has been reported in 50% (20 of 40 studies) of benthos studies published between 1960 and 2007. When found, Manayunkia comprised Manayunkia occurred in only 26% of 378 sampled events (1991–2009). The taxon was found at higher densities in one area of Lake Erie (mean = 3658/m 2 ) and Georgian Bay (1790/m 2 ) than in five other areas (mean = 60 to 553/m 2 ) of the lakes. A 70-year history of Manayunkia in western Lake Erie indicates it was not found in 1930, was most abundant in 1961 (mean = 8039, maximum = 67,748/m 2 ), and decreased in successive periods of 1982 (3529, 49,639/m 2 ), 1993 (1876, 25,332/m 2 ), and 2003 (79, 2583/m 2 ). It occurred at 48% of stations in 1961, 58% in 1982, 52% in 1993, and 6% of stations in 2003. In all years, Manayunkia was distributed primarily near the mouth of the Detroit River. Causes for declines in distribution and abundance are unknown, but may be related to pollution-abatement programs that began in the 1970s, and invasion of dreissenid mussels in the late-1980s which contributed to de-eutrophication of western Lake Erie. At present, importance of the long-term decline of Manayunkia in Lake Erie is unknown.
Liberating Hermeneutics: Toward a Holistic Pentecostal Mission of Peace and Justice

Classical Pentecostalism, holistic mission and Latin American Liberation Theology! This article sets out to show how these three interact and produce a hermeneutic of being Pentecostal in the society in which churches are planted.
Assessing cumulative thermal stress in fish during chronic intermittent exposure to high temperatures

Abstract As environmental laws become increasingly protective and with likely future changes in global climate, thermal effects on aquatic resources are likely to receive increasing attention. Lethal temperatures for a variety of species have been determined for situations where temperatures rise rapidly resulting in lethal effects. However, less is known about the effects of chronic exposure to high (but not immediately lethal) temperatures and even less about stress accumulation during periods of fluctuating temperatures. In this paper we present a modeling framework for assessing cumulative thermal stress in fish. The model assumes that stress accumulation occurs above a threshold temperature at a rate dependent on the degree to which the threshold is exceeded. The model also includes stress recovery (or alleviation) when temperatures drop below the threshold temperature as in systems with large daily variation. In addition to non-specific physiological stress, the model also simulates thermal effects on growth.
Getting a cohesive answer from a common start: Scalable multidisciplinary analysis through transformation of a systems model

One of the challenges of systems engineering is in working multidisciplinary problems in a cohesive manner. When planning analysis of these problems, system engineers must trade between time and cost for analysis quality and quantity. The quality often correlates with greater run time in multidisciplinary models and the quantity is associated with the number of alternatives that can be analyzed. The trade-off is due to the resource intensive process of creating a cohesive multidisciplinary systems model and analysis. Furthermore, reuse or extension of the models used in one stage of a product life cycle for another is a major challenge. Recent developments have enabled a much less resource-intensive and more rigorous approach than hand-written translation scripts between multi-disciplinary models and their analyses. The key is to work from a core systems model defined in a MOF-based language such as SysML and in leveraging the emerging tool ecosystem, such as Query/View/Transformation (QVT), from the OMG community. SysML was designed to model multidisciplinary systems. The QVT standard was designed to transform SysML models into other models, including those leveraged by engineering analyses. The Europa Hability Mission (EHM) team has begun to exploit these capabilities. In one case, a Matlab/Simulink model is generated on the fly from a system description for power analysis written in SysML. In a more general case, symbolic analysis (supported by Wolfram Mathematica) is coordinated by data objects transformed from the systems model, enabling extremely flexible and powerful design exploration and analytical investigations of expected system performance.
Simulation of hydraulic jump with grid adaptation

In a hydraulic jump, the supercritical flow suddenly changes to subcritical flow forming steep gradients of flow depth and velocity. In the numerical simulation of this flow, proper grid distribution can play a crucial role in the prediction and resolution of the solutions. In this paper, two different numerical schemes - Mac- Cormack (second-order accurate in space and time) and two-four (fourth-order accurate in space and secondorder accurate in time) -are used with grid adaptation to numerically simulate the hydraulic jump at different Froude numbers in a rectangular channel. Rai and Anderson's method is used to determine the grid speed; however, a different partial differential equation based on the conservative principle of grid arc lengths for clustering the grid points in one-dimensional flow is used along with the Boussinesq equations to simulate the flow. A number of tests were conducted at different Froude numbers tot confirm published data. The numerical results of the flow solutions are presen...
Phospholipase A 2 Activation by Poultry Particulate Matter is Mediated Through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Lung Epithelial Cells: Regulation of Interleukin-8 Release

The mechanisms of poultry particulate matter (PM)-induced agricultural respiratory disorders are not thoroughly understood. Hence, it is hypothesized in this article that poultry PM induces the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by lung epithelial cells that is regulated upstream by the concerted action of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). To test this hypothesis, the widely used cultured human lung epithelial cells (A549) were chosen as the model system. Poultry PM caused a significant activation of PLA2 in A549 cells, which was attenuated by AACOCF3 (cPLA2 inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK-1/2 upstream inhibitor). Poultry PM induced upstream ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and downstream cPLA2 serine phosphorylation, in a concerted fashion, in cells with enhanced association of ERK-1/2 and cPLA2. The poultry PM-induced cPLA2 serine phosphorylation and IL-8 release were attenuated by AACOCF3, PD98059, and by transfection with dominant-negative ERK-1/2 DNA in cells. The poultry PM-induced IL-8 release by the bone marrow-derived macrophages of cPLA2 knockout mice was significantly lower. For the first time, this study demonstrated that the poultry PM-induced IL-8 secretion by human lung epithelial cells was regulated by cPLA2 activation through ERK-mediated serine phosphorylation, suggesting a mechanism of airway inflammation among poultry farm workers.
Microwave properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/PrBa2Cu3O7−δ superlattices

Abstract We have used non-resonant microwave absorption to study c -axis YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ /PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ superlattices and compare the response to a film of similarly grown YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO). Near the respective transition temperatures, the response of the superlattice samples and the YBCO film have similar amplitudes and orientation dependences. This is consistent with the microwave loss being related to magnetic flux penetration at (110) slip planes. At lower temperatures, the response of the superlattices is much stronger than that of the YBCO film and, while both responses are hysteretic at low temperatures, the widths of the hysteresis have opposite orientation dependences, which we attribute to the role of the PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ layers.
Asymmetric synthesis of a C1C19 fragment of ulapualide A

Abstract The stereocontrolled synthesis of a C1–C19 fragment of ulapualide A has been accomplished. The C3 hydroxyl-bearing stereocenter was established by Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of a terminal epoxide, while the C9 methyl stereocenter was introduced through an asymmetric crotylation using chiral organosilane ( S )- 7 . Union of the C1C6 and the C7C19 fragments by a Kishi–Nozaki coupling, followed by oxidation and conjugate addition of hydride completed the preparation of the fragment.
Purification and characterization of defensins from cystic fibrosis sputum

Objective and Design: Cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum contains large numbers of neutrophils whose most abundant granule proteins are defensins. Within phagolysosomes, defensins kill microbes; however, extracellular defensins can be toxic to human cells. To begin to explore the possibility that defensins damage CF airways, this study examines the concentration and properties of defensins in CF sputum. ¶Materials: As a source of biological material in which to assay levels of defensins, purulent sputum was collected from persons with CF hospitalized with exacerbations of bronchitis. Purulent CF sputum was also a source of material for purification of defensins. ¶Methods: Defensin concentration in the cell-free component of CF sputum was measured by immunoassay. Defensins acid-extracted from sputum were purified by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography and reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Toxicity of CF defensins was tested by incubating the purified defensins with a line of CF tracheal cells cultured in serum-free medium. ¶Results: In 5 patients with CF, sputum defensin levels ranged from 300 to > 1600 g/ml, higher than levels previously reported in any human secretion or fluid and greatly exceeding concentrations toxic to mammalian cells in vitro. HPCL-purified CF sputum defensins were pure as judged by acid urea-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing, which revealed a mixture of defensins-1, -2 and -3 at ratios of ∼4 : 2 : 1. At > 10 g/ml the purified mixture was toxic for a line of CF tracheal cells cultured in serum-free medium, as judged by reductions in cell numbers and increased permeability to trypan blue. ¶Conclusions: This study suggests that defensins in CF sputum are intact and sufficiently abundant that they may damage airway epithelium.
Lime chlorosis on photosynthesis and transpiration of iron-inefficient soybeans

Abstract Iron deficiency in PI54619–5–1 soybeans (Glycine max L.) decreased growth 37% and decreased the rate of photosynthesis by 33%, but had no influence on the rate of transpiration. In another experiment Fe deficiency resulted in a mild 18% decrease in the photosynthetic rate and a slight decrease in the transpiration rate. There were no differences in leaf resistances.