cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Now You See Me: Identifying Duplicate Network Personas

This work provides a decision-making framework at the intersection of social network analysis and law enforcement intelligence with the goal of identifying persons of interest in a social network. Criminal social networks are complex due to the limited and imperfect information available. Moreover, the participating entities tend to misrepresent themselves in order to stay hidden and covert. In this work, we propose a new integer programming formulation to assist in the identification of entities who are prone to misrepresent themselves in a social network. Our insight is that such personas will form large subgraphs of restricted diameter that are connected to other entities who do not communicate directly or within a short number of intermediates. We formally define the problem and derive its computational complexity. Additionally, we provide an integer programming formulation to solve it exactly with the use of a commercial solver. We then show how our framework behaves on the Krebs 9/11 network. Our approach is able to identify what are believed to be two distinct clusters of criminals participating in two separate subplots: the multiple flight hijacking on September 11; as well as a plot against the U.S. embassy in Paris in the year 2001.
Facilitator Behaviors Leading to Engagement and Disengagement in Aphasia Conversation Groups.

Purpose Researchers have identified features of successful aphasia conversation groups and clinician behaviors leading to engagement and group cohesion. There has been less focus in the literature ...
Medicalization's Communicative Infrastructure: Seventy Years of "Brain Chemistry" in the New York Times.

Medicalization theory aims to delineate how and why non-medical issues become demarcated within the realm of medical jurisdiction. The theory postulates that medicalization is marked by diagnostic ...
From Mugshots to Masterpieces: Identities Revealed Through Immigration Portraits of the Chinese Exclusion Era

The ratification of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 ignited an era of fraught social tension in the United States. With strides in photographic technology occurring alongside ever-increasing restrictions on immigration laws, Chinese immigrants found themselves subjugated under new policies of enforced portraiture. At the time, they were the only immigrant group in the United States required to maintain identifying documents with headshots for verification. In this paper, I present an analysis of the power dynamics behind such photographs using an autoethnographic approach. I argue that Chinese immigrants purposely modified their portraits to reflect American measures of respectability; by doing so, they successfully challenged the authenticity of their enforced documentation.
HUBzero© Goes OneSciencePlace: The Next Community-Driven Steps for Providing Software-as-a-Service

HUBzero© is a well-used science gateway framework actively developed for over a decade. The needs of its community are one of the primary driving forces guiding the team behind HUBzero©. For example, requirements in the community led to the integration of JupyterHub, RStudio and the provision of Docker containers for the tool submission environment. Besides its community driven requirements, the team behind HUBzero© continuously analyzes the existing science gateway landscape, the usage of instances of HUBzero© as well as trends in the usage of computational platforms in general to keep HUBzero© robust, scalable, and sustainable. HUBzero© has begun development of a science gateway platform called Open Science Place (OSP). OSP is a SaaS-based (Softwareas-a-Service) solution to give researchers a way to execute, share, and archive their research in a publically accessible venue. The poster goes into detail for the different aspects of sustainability addressed in OSP such as a community-hosting concept, flexible financing models, interoperability and scalability of tools.
Positionality and participatory ethics in the Global South: critical reflections on and lessons learned from fieldwork failure

This essay is a critical reflection on positionality, participatory ethics and fieldwork failure in the Global South. It argues that the collision of our academic theories with socio-political real...
Kratom, a novel herbal opioid in a patient with benzodiazepine use disorder

Abstract A case of a patient with a history of depression, who was concomitantly using Kratom has been described. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a psychoactive plant indigenous to certain regions of southeast Asia where it has been traditionally used for its stimulatory and analgesic effects. The active compounds in Kratom are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Kratom’s use for self-management of chronic pain and as supportive therapy for managing opioid withdrawal is increasing. This case highlights the observation that Kratom use is also prevalent amongst patients with other mental health and/or substance abuse conditions. The discussion explores the current understanding on pharmacology and toxicology of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, and analytical methods used for kratom analysis in a toxicology laboratory.
Share our stories: An exploration of the healthcare experiences of child sex trafficking survivors

Abstract Background The trafficking of children and adolescents is widespread, and pediatric providers are on the front line. Current research demonstrates that trafficked children do access health care. However, few studies describe these interactions from their perspectives. In order to elucidate the healthcare experiences of sex trafficked children, we designed a qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews to explore their health care interactions. Participants and setting Homeless youth currently aged 18–21 who were sex trafficked before age 18. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seventeen youth who met the study criteria. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using constant comparative methods. Themes were inductively extracted by consensus with the study team, and thematic saturation was determined when no new themes emerged. Results Themes included: victims endured serious injuries and illnesses without being brought to medical attention, traffickers limited victims’ access to care, logistical barriers limited access, traffickers directed victims to lie to providers, and medical providers rarely separated victims to interview them separately resulting in missed opportunities. Conclusions These themes illustrate the experiences of sex trafficked youth experiencing homelessness and provide pediatric practitioners the opportunity to become more informed and equipped to recognize them. They also highlight serious health consequences of not being identified and egregious examples of providers exhibiting denial or inappropriate responses to their disclosure.
The case for using mapped exonic non-duplicate reads when reporting RNA-sequencing depth: examples from pediatric cancer datasets.

Author(s): Beale, Holly C; Roger, Jacquelyn M; Cattle, Matthew A; McKay, Liam T; Thompson, Drew KA; Learned, Katrina; Lyle, A Geoffrey; Kephart, Ellen T; Currie, Rob; Lam, Du Linh; Sanders, Lauren; Pfeil, Jacob; Vivian, John; Bjork, Isabel; Salama, Sofie R; Haussler, David; Vaske, Olena M | Abstract: BackgroundThe reproducibility of gene expression measured by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is dependent on the sequencing depth. While unmapped or non-exonic reads do not contribute to gene expression quantification, duplicate reads contribute to the quantification but are not informative for reproducibility. We show that mapped, exonic, non-duplicate (MEND) reads are a useful measure of reproducibility of RNA-Seq datasets used for gene expression analysis.FindingsIn bulk RNA-Seq datasets from 2,179 tumors in 48 cohorts, the fraction of reads that contribute to the reproducibility of gene expression analysis varies greatly. Unmapped reads constitute 1-77% of all reads (median [IQR], 3% [3-6%]); duplicate reads constitute 3-100% of mapped reads (median [IQR], 27% [13-43%]); and non-exonic reads constitute 4-97% of mapped, non-duplicate reads (median [IQR], 25% [16-37%]). MEND reads constitute 0-79% of total reads (median [IQR], 50% [30-61%]).ConclusionsBecause not all reads in an RNA-Seq dataset are informative for reproducibility of gene expression measurements and the fraction of reads that are informative varies, we propose reporting a dataset's sequencing depth in MEND reads, which definitively inform the reproducibility of gene expression, rather than total, mapped, or exonic reads. We provide a Docker image containing (i) the existing required tools (RSeQC, sambamba, and samblaster) and (ii) a custom script to calculate MEND reads from RNA-Seq data files. We recommend that all RNA-Seq gene expression experiments, sensitivity studies, and depth recommendations use MEND units for sequencing depth.
For or Against?: Criminal Justice and Criminology Faculty Attitudes toward Trigger Warnings

Since 2014, a debate has raged over trigger warnings in college courses. Proponents see trigger warnings (oral or written advance notification of course content with the potential to trigger advers...
Tamarinus mystax (Mustached tamarin)

Four specimens of this species have been studied with similar results. These animals usually have fraternal twins and are blood chimeras. Species designation is in conformity with Hill. The preparations shown were prepared from bone marrow following in vivo administration of colchicine. Quantitative measurements and comparisons have been presented by Wohnus and Benirschke. Considerable variation in the morphology of the Y chromosome has been observed; it is always the smallest element. As with other marrow preparations, pairing of elements is extremely subjective and only very tentative.
The choreography of neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease

Currently, the concept of ‘neuroinflammation’ includes inflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases, in which there is little or no infiltration of blood-derived immune cells into the brain. The roles of brain-resident and peripheral immune cells in these inflammatory settings are poorly understood, and it is unclear whether neuroinflammation results from immune reaction to neuronal dysfunction/degeneration, and/or represents cell-autonomous phenotypes of dysfunctional immune cells. Here, we review recent studies examining these questions in the context of Huntington's disease (HD), where mutant Huntingtin (HTT) is expressed in both neurons and glia. Insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in HD may provide a better understanding of inflammation in more complex neurodegenerative disorders, and of the contribution of the neuroinflammatory component to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
STOCKPILING TO CONTAIN OPEC

I maximize present valued world GDP over the stockpile of petroleum used to contain price shocks administered by OPEC. Long run price elasticity of demand and non-OPEC supply exceed those in the short run, so OPEC profits from sudden, as opposed to gradual, increases in price. These shocks damage the world economy. I simulate interaction among consumers, non-OPEC producers, a profit-maximizing, monolithic OPEC, and an International Energy Agency that punishes OPEC by releasing oil from stockpiles onto the market during upward shocks to price. A stockpile of 6 billion barrels would add much more to world GDP than the cost of holding it and the lost profits to OPEC under a range of assumptions, though private actors do not have incentive to maintain and use stocks to maximize GDP. Authority over stockpiles should be shielded from the influence of the energy industry, whose profits may not be maximized at oil prices that maximize GDP. Prices equal to marginal costs would be low into the 2030’s, then rise rapidly with costs. World consumption of petroleum reaches a peak of 67 bbl/yr in 2045, and declines quickly thereafter.
Misleading Signals from Operating Cash Flow in the Presence of Non-Controlling Interests

A non-controlling interest, also known as a minority interest, exists when a subsidiary is not wholly owned by the parent company. While a careful designation of income and equity attributable to non-controlling interests is made on the income statement and balance sheet respectively, under GAAP a similar attribution is not made on the statement of cash flows. As such, investors, analysts and other users of financial statements may be unaware that operating cash flow includes amounts attributable to both controlling and non-controlling interests, potentially leading to over-estimates of cash available for dividends to controlling interests.In this study, for a sample of firms with significant non-controlling interests, we examine the amount and placement of distributions to non-controlling interests on the statement of cash flows. We find that while distribution amounts are significant, averaging 79.2% of income attributable to non-controlling interests, there is no reporting consistency for the distributions being made. In some instances, distributions are not even disclosed on the statement of cash flows. Recommendations for change to the reporting of distributions to non-controlling interests on the statement of cash flows are made to make their placement more consistent with the manner in which non- controlling interest in income is presently reported on the income statement.
From Bail to Jail: The Effect of Jail Capacity on Bail Decisions

One of the more important decisions made by judges in the criminal justice system is the bail decision. Factors that judges take into consideration when making a bail decision, such as seriousness of the offense, flight risk, and public safety, are typically seen by researchers as the primary determinants of such a decision. However, one aspect that researchers have not studied extensively—rated jail capacity – could play an important role in a judge’s decision. Overcrowding in jails leads to numerous problems, both for the offender and the system itself, so judges may be more willing to release offenders into the community during the pretrial period if the local jails are overcrowded. The current study examines the effect of rated jail capacity on decisions regarding bail amounts, release on recognizance (ROR), financial release, and conditional release in eight Florida counties. Results indicate that rated jail capacity plays a role in judges’ bail decisions, suggesting that judges are concerned about housing more pretrial offenders in crowded jails.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON RESPIRATION : XXVII. THE MECHANISM OF OXIDATION IN RELATION TO CHLOROFORM ANESTHESIA.

A mathematical analysis of the effects of chloroform on the production of carbon dioxide by living Ulva, killed Ulva, and unsaturated organic acids indicates that the same process is taking place in all three cases. On the basis of this interpretation it is reasonable to conclude that the action of chloroform on the oxidative mechanism of the cell is chemical in nature and that it acts either by catalysis or by the formation of a loose compound with some portion of the system.
Factors associated with long-term patient-reported outcomes after three-column osteotomies.

Abstract Background context Studies have demonstrated sustained improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after three-column osteotomies (three-COs), but no study has evaluated what factors impact long-term outcomes. Purpose The aim was to investigate factors associated with PROs in patients who underwent three-CO at minimum 5 years postoperatively. Study design/sample This was a retrospective review of prospective database. Patient sample All patients who had a three-CO at a single institution and completed clinical evaluations after at least 5 years postoperative were included. Outcome measures Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) scores, and radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and a minimum 5 years postoperatively. Methods Analysis of 120 patients who underwent three-CO (96-pedicle subtraction osteotomy/24-vertebral column resection) was performed. The mean age was 48 years (range 8–79), and clinical follow-up was 7 years (range 5–14). Separate multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with ODI, SRS average, and SRS satisfaction while controlling for time since surgery and baseline outcome scores. Results Average PROs were significantly improved from baseline at a minimum 5-year follow-up (ODI: 48–28, p Conclusions With a minimum 5-year follow-up, PROs in patients undergoing three-CO were associated with improvements in radiographic alignment but negatively affected by prior surgery and complications necessitating revision surgery.
Vector Behavior and the Transmission of Anther-smut Infection in Silene alba

Abstract Anther-smut disease caused by Ustilago violacea is transmitted by insects that visit diseased flowers and then deposit spores on healthy Silene alba plants. The transmission rate of this disease therefore depends on spore deposition by the vector species and preferences for infected vs. healthy hosts. We observed natural populations of S. alba to document the most abundant insect visitors, which include syrphid flies, andrenid bees, bumblebees and a variety of nocturnal moths. Using bumblebees and moths in flower preference studies, we showed that bumblebees preferentially visited healthy flowers, but the strength of this preference declined if the bees had prior exposure to diseased flowers. Nocturnal moths showed less discrimination with respect to disease status when plants were arranged in a field population of S. alba, and preferentially visited plants with more flowers. A laboratory analysis of spore deposition by bumblebees showed that whereas most spores were deposited on the first severa...
Making a Short Story Long: Regulation of P-TEFb and HIV-1 Transcriptional Elongation in CD4+ T Lymphocytes and Macrophages

Productive transcription of the integrated HIV-1 provirus is restricted by cellular factors that inhibit RNA polymerase II elongation. The viral Tat protein overcomes this by recruiting a general elongation factor, P-TEFb, to the TAR RNA element that forms at the 5’ end of nascent viral transcripts. P-TEFb exists in multiple complexes in cells, and its core consists of a kinase, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, either Cyclin T1 or Cyclin T2. Tat binds directly to Cyclin T1 and thereby targets the Cyclin T1/P-TEFb complex that phosphorylates the CTD of RNA polymerase II and the negative factors that inhibit elongation, resulting in efficient transcriptional elongation. P-TEFb is tightly regulated in cells infected by HIV-1—CD4+ T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. A number of mechanisms have been identified that inhibit P-TEFb in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes and monocytes, including miRNAs that repress Cyclin T1 protein expression and dephosphorylation of residue Thr186 in the Cdk9 T-loop. These repressive mechanisms are overcome upon T cell activation and macrophage differentiation when the permissivity for HIV-1 replication is greatly increased. This review will summarize what is currently known about mechanisms that regulate P-TEFb and how this regulation impacts HIV-1 replication and latency.
Multiple estrogen action of O,P′-DDP: Initiation and maintenance of pregnancy in the rat

Abstract The estrogenic action of O,P′-DDT has been known for many years. The majority of studies have used immature or ovariectomized adult rats to demonstrate estrogenic responses that require interaction with an intranuclear receptor and genic expression. However, evidence is accumulating that not all estrogenic effects are mediated by such a receptor; initiation of implantation being one such effect. The present study examined the ability of O,P′-DDP to initiate embryo implantation in the progesterone-primed uterus of a hypophysectomized adult rat. Not only did O,P′-DDT initiate implantation, it also maintained pregnancy for at least 3 days. However, when administered at the time of mating or early after fertilization, the same dosage caused los of pre-implantation embryos. The results are consistent with the interpretation that O,P′-DDT has multiple estrogenic actions that may involve more than 1 kind of receptor.
Relative-age relationships of debris flow deposits in the Southern Blue Ridge, North Carolina

Abstract Periods of increased landscape instability in the Southern Blue Ridge were assessed with relative ages of three sequences of debris flow deposits. The sequences consist of a series of lobate deposits that are expressed as step-like landforms on the floors of host valleys. Data were collected at three sites from soil pits on the toe and apex of debris flow deposits. Relative ages were obtained by qualitatively and statistically examining data on clast weathering, soil color, clay content, and iron species. Consistent results among the indicators of relative age demonstrate that they have utility in warm to temperate, humid environments. At each site, the topographically highest debris flow deposits are slightly older than those at lower elevations. One deposit at each of the three sites has a relative age that is very similar to that of one deposit at the other sites. This similarity in age indicates that an external factor, such as extreme precipitation, accounts for the formation of debris flows at approximately the same time in the geological past. One of the sites, however, also has deposits that are clearly younger than the deposits at the other sites, which indicates that intrinsic factors also affect the formation of debris flows in the region.
Beat-Sync-Mash-Coder: A web application for real-time creation of beat-synchronous music mashups

We present the Beat-Sync-Mash-Coder,1 a new tool for semi-automated real-time creation of beat-synchronous music mashups. We combine phase vocoder and beat tracker technology to automate the task of synchronizing clips. Freeing the user from this task allows us to replace the traditional audio editing paradigm of the Digital Audio Workstation with an intuitive clip selection interface. The application is completely web-based and operates in the ubiquitous cross-platform Flash framework. The efficiency of our implementation is reflected in performance tests, which demonstrate that the system can sustain real-time phase vocoding of 5-9 simultaneous audio signals on consumer-level hardware. This allows the user to easily create dynamic, intricate and musically coherent acoustic soundscapes. Based on an initial user study with 24 high school students, we also find that the Beat-Sync-Mash-Coder is engaging and can get students excited about music and technology.
Pragmatism and the Practice of History: From Turner and Du Bois to Today

Pragmatism has affected American historical writing since the early twentieth century. Such contemporaries and students of Peirce, James, and Dewey as Frederick Jackson Turner, W. E. B. Du Bois, James Harvey Robinson, Charles Beard, Mary Beard, and Carl Becker drew on pragmatism when they fashioned what was called the ''new history.'' They wanted to topple inherited assumptions about the past and replace positivist historical methods with the pragmatists' model of a community of inquiry. Such widely read mid-twentieth- century historians as Merle Curti, Henry Steele Commager, and Richard Hofstadter embraced the perspectivalism, fallibilism, and instrumentalism of the pragmatists, thereby helping to sustain the tradition during its nadir in American philosophy departments. Many historians have been drawn to the study of pragmatism during its recent renaissance; others have advanced pragmatist-inspired philosophies of history. Through such prominent contem- porary historians as Thomas Haskell, David Hollinger, and Joyce Appleby, the ideas of Pierce, James, and Dewey continue to influence the historical profession.
Pulmonary Embolism by Amniotic Fluid

SUMMARY An illustrative case report has been presented, accompanied by a brief review of the subject of amniotic fluid embolism which is an entity usually characterized by respiratory distress, shock and a bleeding tendency. This patient demonstrated an uneventful antenatal course, a non-contributory medical history, prematurely ruptured membranes, a dead fetus with meconium present in the amniotic fluid, a hard labor, respiratory difficulty and shock in the delivery room, but no bleeding tendency was noted. There was a rapid progression of respiratory distress over the next two hours, and the clinical status rapidly worsened. There was no preceding or subsequent evidence of heart disease, either valvular, congenital, or pericardial. There was no evidence of toxemia, and little evidence in favor of pulmonary embolism due to thrombus, placenta, decidua or air. Idiopathic and Fiedler's myocarditis were unlikely, and the course was not typical of what one would expect with aspiration pneumonitis. It is our feeling that this patient sustained an amniotic fluid embolism, and that she had either no fibrinogenopenia, or one of such mild degree, that further progression was suppressed by the steroids, antihistamines and plasma. Because of the anaphylactoid nature of this condition, it would appear that antihistamines and steroids are life-saving, and we strongly urge their usage in conjunction with the other therapy described in this paper.
Comparison of Automation Equipment in High Throughput Screening

This report compares several types of liquid handling equipment presently used in HTS. The devices include 96-well automated pipettors such as the Carl Creative PlateTrac™ (Harbor City, CA), Matrix...
Dicarboxylato-bridged diruthenium units in two different oxidation states: The first step towards the synthesis of Creutz-Taube analogs with dinuclear Ru2n+ species

Abstract Two compounds having two Ru2(DAniF)3 units (DAniF=N,N′-di-p-anisylformamidinate) linked by terephthalate anions have been made. Reaction of (NBu4)2O2CC6H4CO2 with the mixed-valence, mixed-ligand species Ru2(DAniF)3(O2CCH3)Cl (1) gives a compound with the formula [Ru2(DAniF)3Cl]2(O2CC6H4CO2) (2) in which the two diruthenium units are formally Ru25+, while in the second compound the diruthenium units have been reduced with zinc powder so that the formula is [Ru2(DAniF)3Cl0.12]2(O2CC6H4CO2) (3). The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 have been studied and the crystal structures of 2 and 3 are reported. All three compounds are electrochemically active.
Ultrasonographic anatomy and biometric analysis of the thoracic and abdominal organs in healthy foals from birth to age 6 months

Summary Knowledge of normal renal parameters, as documented in mature horses, is essential for the accurate evaluation of abnormal kidneys. Although the ultrasonographic appearance and location of the abdominal organs in foals and the renal dimensions in neonates have been reported, there is currently no information available for the assessment of normal organ growth in foals. The objectives of the study were to describe the ultrasonographic characteristics, location and variations of the thoracic and abdominal organs with relation to age, height and weight; and provide a growth table for comparison with diseased foals. The thoracic and abdominal cavities of 10 healthy foals were evaluated at ages 1, 7, 14 and 21 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. The equipment used was an Ausonics Opus Plus ultrasound. For every evaluation, weight and height were obtained, the foals were sedated and the area of study was clipped and cleaned. The ultrasonographic location, appearance and measurements of the different organs were recorded for each examination. The study revealed that foals age >1 month resemble the mature ultrasonographic pattern. Continual growth of the organs was observed from Day 1 to age 6 months, being faster in the first month. Organ growth was closely correlated with age, but not with sex, height or weight in healthy foals up to age 6 months. Our study has provided measurements of longitudinal organ growth in healthy foals, presented in a simple form for easy comparison with diseased individuals.
Structure and adhesion of MoSi2/Ni interfaces: Evaluation of MoSi2 as an alternative bond coat alloy

Abstract We use density functional theory to evaluate the stability of molybdenum disilicide coatings on a nickel substrate, as a possible bond coat alloy for high temperature coating applications. We consider the MoSi 2 (0 0 1)/Ni(1 1 1), MoSi 2 (1 0 0)/Ni(1 1 1), and MoSi 2 (1 1 0)/Ni(1 1 1) interfaces and predict quite strong (3.5–3.8 J/m 2 ) adhesion of this metal–silicide ceramic to nickel. The origin of this strong adhesion is elucidated by examining the geometric and electronic structure of the interfaces. We predict that Mo and Si atoms at the interface primarily occupy Ni 3-fold hollow sites, the typical adsorption site on Ni(1 1 1). Projected local densities of states and electron density difference plots reveal a mixture of localized, covalent Si–Ni bonds and more delocalized metallic Mo–Ni bonding, as the origin of the strong interfacial bonding. As emphasized in our earlier work, creation of strong covalent bonds at interfaces results in very strong adhesion. Such strong adhesion makes MoSi 2 a potential candidate for use in thermal barrier applications, in conjunction with a yttria-stabilized zirconia topcoat.
Patriarchy in America Is Different: Grossberg's Governing the Hearth

conception of the state's interposing itself in the family by means of direct address to the individual keeps him from exploring the possibility that inter-group conflicts (on ethnic, racial, gender, class grounds) may have been at the very heart of change in family law policy. His own find6. Christine Stansell, City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860 (New York: Knopf, 1986), 214-216; cf. Linda Gordon, Single Mothers and Child Neglect, 1880-1920, 37 American Quarterly 173-192 (Summer 1985). This content downloaded from 157.55.39.254 on Mon, 05 Sep 2016 04:48:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 816 AMERICAN BAR FOUNDATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 1987:809 ings, such as that anti-miscegenation laws refuted the republican promotion of matrimony, or that persistence of involuntary indenturing of children (especially black children) could only tortuously be justified "in the best interests of the child," might have suggested an interpretation of family law's development in terms of the contest for cultural control being waged in an increasingly heterogeneous and stratified American society. Where this bold and venturesome book fails to persuade, it nonetheless will spark strong and, one hopes, constructive responses from legal and social historians alike. Grossberg's work will be of interest to other scholars exploring how far back, in what humble beginnings, and how deeply committed to the ideology of gender difference and gender hierarchy the welfare state began its rise. With his significant research Grossberg has established that judges were policy-makers who bowed not entirely (although they did bow) to either of their two acknowledged masters, the common law and social mores. He has made an emphatic case for embedding legal history in its social matrix. Governing the Hearth renders insight and engenders spirit into both the history of domestic relations law and family history, beckoning others to follow in erasing the boundaries between the two. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.254 on Mon, 05 Sep 2016 04:48:47 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
t-Channel transformation matrices for helicity and invariant amplitudes for γ + N → 0− + B

Abstract The algebraic transformation matrices, valid for all s and t, connecting the s-channel helicity amplitudes to a corresponding set of gauge-invariant covariant amplitudes, are calculated for the photoproduction processes γ + N → 0 − + B(J P = 1 2 + , 1 2 − , 3 2 + , built3 2 − ).
Sociology: After the Linguistic and Multicultural Turns

This paper offers an analysis of the continuing crisis in sociology that is different from those that have appeared in the literature. In contrast to the ideological and technical readings, it suggests that the origins of the crisis are to be found in the hermeneutic challenge that has resulted from the linguistic and multicultural turns. Both of these developments have given rise to new discourses within the academy that are competing with subfields such as the sociology of the arts and race/ethnic relations. The nature and impact of this new competition is examined in greater detail through the case of the sociology of race. The analysis reveals that these competitive challenges are hermeneutic in nature and not primarily technical or ideological. The paper concludes with some suggestions for crisis resolution.
“Wearing a mask” vs. connecting identity with learning

Abstract Contemporary insights regarding identity emphasize its situated, negotiated nature (i.e., identity is shaped by – and shapes in response – the contexts in which it is formed; Holland, Lachicotte, Skinner, & Cain, 1998; Lave & Wenger, 1991 ) Recent work also suggests that this identity/context intersection holds powerful implications regarding engagement in learning ( Brophy, 2008 ). This pair of qualitative studies drew from contemporary models connecting learning with identity (Study 1: cultural modeling , Lee, 2007 and third-space/hybrid-identities , Gutierrez, 2008 ; Study 2: Kids’ business inquiry projects, Fairbanks, 2000 ) to explore the nature and impact of such connections among disaffected ninth-grade English students at a high-needs school. Results demonstrate evidence of: (1) a significant connection between identity and learning; (2) students’ negotiation of engaged patterns of participation; (3) the relevance of student voice to this process; and (4) the impact of connections between identity and learning on students’ participation in, and affective response to, learning.
Simulation of Tropical Convective Systems. Part II: Simulations of Moving Cloud Lines

Abstract The new cumulns parameterization of Part I of this paper is used in a setes of simulations of tropical mesoscale convective lines. The structures and life cycles of the simulated systems are quite similar to those observed in many studies of tropical convection, supporting the use of the parametedzation in mesoscale model. The modeled cloud lines formed extensive upper-level nimbostratus clouds, primarily from air detrained below cloud top by the parameterized convection. These clouds produced copious rainfall and tended to shift the net diabafic heating predicted by the model to higher levels. When a cloud model lacking lateral detrainment was used, the simulated cloud lines grew rapidly, had short lifetimes, did not develop nimbostratus ions and concentrated the diabatic heating in the upper levels. Radiative processes, though crudely simulated, were shownto have potentially large effects on the intensity of the conyective system Decreasing the intercept, No, in the drop size distribution in th...
Managing Volunteer Performance: Face Support and Situational Features as Predictors of Volunteers' Evaluations of Regulative Messages.

Volunteer hospital workers evaluated the effectiveness of regulative messages constructed by hospital staff in response to four different scenarios. Positive face support was not related to effecti...
Competitive growth of Nocardia and Acinetobacter under anaerobic/aerobic batch operation

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted using pure cultures of Nocardia amarae and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus under aerobic and anaerobic/aerobic cyclic conditions to determine the control of Nocardia in mixed cultures by biological selection. The objective was to investigate the ability of anaerobic/aerobic sequencing conditions such as in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process to control Nocardia through competitive selection of Acinetobacter. Aerobic batch experiments showed that Nocardia due to its lower maximum specific growth rate (μmax=2.3/d), and observed yield (Yobs=0.23 g VSS produced/g COD removed) than those of Acinetobacter (μmax=6.2/d, and Yobs=0.35 g VSS produced/g COD removed) will not be able to compete in the dual culture utilizing the same carbon source. Under anaerobic/aerobic conditions in sequencing batch reactors (SBR), Nocardia was washed out in about 17 days, whereas, Acinetobacter grew successfully to a steady state concentration approximately equal to its initial concentration. When equal mass of Nocardia and Acinetobacter were grown as a dual culture in SBR, Nocardia concentration decreased from about 200 mg VSS/L to near detectable levels after 56 h under aerobic conditions and was completely washed out under alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions in about 24 h. Acinetobacter grew successfully in the dual culture in both completely aerobic and alternating anaerobic/aerobic SBR to 125–140% of the initial concentration. Polyphosphate accumulation was not seen either in single cultures or in dual cultures of Nocardia and Acinetobacter under anaerobic/aerobic cyclic conditions in a sequencing batch reactor. These results suggest that Nocardia cannot compete well with Acinetobacter under anaerobic/aerobic conditions such as in EBPR, and hence will be washed out of such systems.
Gender effects on drug use, abuse, and dependence: A special analysis of results from the national survey on drug use and health

Abstract Background: Gender is increasingly being studied for risk and protective factors underlying substance abuse and addiction. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in rates of substance abuse and dependence among drug users. Methods: A national population sample was examined, focusing on 2 age groups (youths, aged 12–17 years, and young adults, aged 18–25 years) and several commonly abused substances (alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical prescription medication use). Combined annual data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), aggregated from 2002–2005, were used for gender comparisons of rates of substance use, as well as abuse and dependence, among users. Results: Overall rates of substance use were significantly higher for males than for females (P Conclusions: In this national population sample of youths and young adults, these findings suggest that gender, age, and substance of abuse may all play a role in the observed patterns of drug use, abuse, and dependence. Understanding the reasons for these differences and continuing to evaluate these patterns over time could help in the development of targeted and more effective prevention and treatment interventions.
Status of infrared detectors

Infrared detectors are growing in size, complexity, and becoming more specialized as applications demand more efficient and cost-effective designs. This paper reviews activities in the forefront of this important technology and illustrates the design of several advanced multispectral and hyperspectral focal plane assemblies.
Double-beta decay of 48Ca revisited

Abstract The 48Ca → 48Ti two neutrino double-beta decay rate is calculated exactly in the full fp shell with the hamiltonian describing well the spectroscopy of the A = 48 system. The resulting half-life is very near the experimental lower limit. In order to find out whether the shell model can at all accommodate longer 2ν half-lives we modify the hamiltonian in several ways, keeping, however, the acceptable agreement with the main spectroscopic indicators intact. We conclude that, within such an approach, the longest possible half-life is about 1020 yr, only a factor of three longer than the present limit. We stress that any possible modifications of the hamiltonian must be restricted by the comparison with available data on energy levels and transitions rates.
Identification of a rat liver microsomal esterase as a target protein for bromobenzene metabolites.

The hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene and many other simple organic molecules has been associated with their biotransformation to chemically reactive metabolites and the subsequent covalent binding of those metabolites to cellular macromolecules. To identify proteins targeted by bromobenzene metabolites, we incubated [14C]bromobenzene in vitro with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-induced rats under conditions which typically led to covalent binding of 2-4 nmol equiv of bromobenzene/mg of protein. Microsomal proteins were solubilized with detergent, separated by chromatography and electrophoresis, and analyzed for 14C by phosphorimaging of stained blots. Much of the radioactivity was associated with several bands of proteins of ca. 50-60 kDa, plus another prominent band around 70 kDa, but labeling density appeared to vary considerably overall. A major radiolabeled protein was purified by preparative electrophoresis and submitted to automated Edman microsequencing. Its N-terminal sequence was found to correspond to that of a known rat liver microsomal carboxylesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1) previously identified as a target for reactive metabolites of halothane. The extent to which covalent modification of this protein by reactive metabolites contributes to the production of hepatotoxic effects remains to be determined.
The validation and analysis of component-based metadata integration

Component decision and validation using political and analytical models are applicable in creating the foundation of component-based enterprise architecture. This research deals with both political and analytical models to take the results from the group decision for further development. We demonstrate how to use analysis and modeling techniques to produce the common component and service aggregation which is the foundation of enterprise integration. Decision input from human factors plays a crucial role in component-based design. We have extended the focus of the methods and techniques to component decision in supporting enterprise integration and ontology interoperability, to follow the nature of business performance. As we believe human interactivity in this early analysis and pre-design stage plays a key role in the integration's success, we have assessed the feasibility and received the consensus of the pre-design stage of industry.
Identifying Improved Standardized Tests for Measuring Cement Particle Size and Surface Area

The Blaine fineness (Blaine) of a cement powder is a single parameter that is meant to characterize the specific surface area of a cement; Blaine is assumed to be linked to physical and mechanical properties of the hydrated cement such as strength, setting time, and rheology. However, a single parameter cannot characterize the particle-size distribution of a cement powder, on which the hydration kinetics and solid properties depend. As the cement industry continues to develop more sophisticated blended cements, it will be even more clearly seen that a single parameter fails to capture the true complexity of a cement. In addition to measuring the Blaine, cement producers use the laser diffraction measurement of the entire particle-size distribution for quality control of their cements. Despite the wide use of this measurement by the cement industry, laser diffraction is not a standardized test. This project's goal was to examine various tests, such as laser diffraction and Blaine, that measure the particle...
Plasma gangliosides in multiple sclerosis

Abstract The total concentration and the relative distribution of gangliosides isolated from plasma of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and controls were determined. The fatty acid and hexose constituents of GM3 were also determined. GM3 was found to be the major plasma ganglioside in both the MS and control groups. The total plasma ganglioside concentration, expressed as N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), was significantly lower in the MS group than in the control group. No difference was observed in the various ganglioside fractions between the two groups. Analyses by gas-liquid chromatography of the relative per cent composition of the fatty acids of the GM3-gangliosides revealed no significant differences between the two groups. Analyses of the hexose moieties of the GM3-gangliosides of the MS group revealed the presence of only glucose and galactose in a 1:1 ratio.
Thermal innocuous and noxious thresholds and pain ratings at thresholds in distal and proximal limbs of normal subjects

Psychophysical studies have shown that quantitative sensory testing (QST) of sensory thresholds provides valuable information about the functional status of the somatosensory nervous system. However, normative data for QST thresholds at distal and proximal sites of upper and lower limbs or pain at thresholds have not well studied. This QST study, utilizing the innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli was conducted with 50 healthy volunteers, ranging in age from 19 to 59 years. Thresholds in this study for innocuous and noxious stimuli at distal and proximal sites were similar to studies published over past 40years, though this dataset is most comprehensive for the tested sites. The mean pain rating at thresholds for noxious heat and cold pain stimuli was 4.10, as rated on a 0-10 numeric scale. This unexpectedly high pain ratings lead to an additional study which suggests that perception of pain even at the threshold is a complex process, which will require further research. Thresholds measured at first and second session, an average of two weeks apart, did not show significant differences. Correlations between first and second testing sessions were statistically significant and all retest thresholds remained within the normal range. Interpretation of the results from QST studies requires combining the information from thresholds of innocuous and noxious stimuli as well as related pain ratings, especially for evaluation of patients with neuropathic pain. In spite of complexity and variability of QST it is a promising method for the comprehensive assessment of thermonociceptive nervous system function. Methodology such as QST that allows for assessment of both negative and positive sensory phenomena is important in the evaluation of neuropathic pain. Establishment of normative sensory innocuous and pain thresholds in healthy individuals is a critical first step, to be followed by application to the neuropathic pain population.
Effects of ion-pairing on calculations of ionic activities of major ions in freshwater

Ion-pairing has little effect on ionic activity calculations for weakly mineralized natural water (ionic strength < 2 mM). However, for more strongly mineralized freshwaters, corrections for ion-pairing are necessary if highly accurate ionic activities are required.
Analysis of the turnout effects of vote by mail elections, 1980–2007

Proponents of vote by mail elections often argue that this type of election facilitates participation such that elevated levels of turnout occur. The research tests this assumption by analyzing 44 ...
Effect of the surface area of activated charcoal on theophylline clearance.

The effect of the surface area of activated charcoal on theophylline clearance was studied. Eight fasting, healthy men received intravenous infusions of either aminophylline (6 mg/kg, N = 3) or theophylline (5 mg/kg, N = 5) over 1 hour followed by either 5 Gm standard activated charcoal every 2 hours, 20 Gm every 2 hours, or 5 Gm PX-21 activated charcoal (with 3.6 times the surface area) every 2 hours. Theophylline t 1/2 and AUC with each regimen were respectively 6.3 +/- 0.5 (S.E.) hours and 88.9 +/- 8.4 mg/liter X hr with 5 Gm standard activated charcoal, 5.3 +/- 0.3 hours and 75.4 +/- 4.9 mg/liter X hr with 5 Gm PX-21, and 4.9 +/- 0.2 hours and 67.7 +/- 3.6 mg/liter X hr with 20 Gm standard activated charcoal. There was a relationship between the activated charcoal surface area and the reduction in theophylline t 1/2 and AUC. We conclude that the clearance of theophylline is related to the surface area of activated charcoal administered and that PX-21 may be a more potent activated charcoal product for enhancing theophylline removal.