cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparing neuropsychologists for the future: The need for additional training guidelines

Abstract New guidelines for training in neuropsychology are needed for several reasons: increased diagnostic accuracy of neuroradiologic techniques: an increasing need for functional neuropsychological evaluations; emergence of other psychological specialities; and managed care/economic factors. Current INS-Division 40 guidelines emphasize neurological and diagnostic areas with minimal suggestions for training in rehabilitation and functional issues. The recent publication of training guidelines for Rehabilitation Psychology (APA Division 22) illustrates weaknesses in Division 40 training. It is proposed that neuropsychological training guidelines (formal guidelines and informal training experiences) incorporate another content area for training and demonstration of competency, defined as Functional Outcomes. Specific training is suggested in: (a) issues in disability; (b) ecological validity of tests; (c) vocational evaluation/training; (d) academic programs for students with disabilities; (e) independent living resources; (f) specific cognitive-behavioral interventions; (g) resources for individuals with disabilities; and (h) government assistance programs for individuals with disabilities.
Disopyramide for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pragmatic Reappraisal of an Old Drug

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disorder characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of other cardiac or systemic etiologies. Approximately two-thirds of patients with HCM develop left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with or without provocation, whereas nearly half develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Medical management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is based on the presence of symptoms and LVOT obstruction and frequently includes β-blockers or verapamil. Disopyramide is a class Ia antiarrhythmic that historically was used for the treatment of arrhythmias; however, its contemporary use is often reserved for patients with HCM who are persistently symptomatic despite β-blockers or verapamil and have evidence of LVOT obstruction. The pharmacologic rationale for use of disopyramide is largely based on its strong negative inotropic property. Three clinical studies have showed significant improvements in heart failure symptoms and a reduction in the need for invasive therapy in patients treated with disopyramide. Appropriate dosing and monitoring of disopyramide are important to mitigate the potential for anticholinergic adverse events and proarrhythmias. Disopyramide is a safe and effective medication that reduces heart failure symptoms and LVOT gradient and delays the need for invasive therapy in patients with obstructive HCM.
OPTIMAL MODEL SELECTION IN HETEROSCEDASTIC REGRESSION USING STRONGLY LOCALISED BASES

We investigate optimality of model selection procedures in regard to the least-squares loss in a heteroscedatic with random design regression context. For the selection of some linear models endowed with a localized basis, as for some Haar expansions, we show the optimality of a data-driven penalty calibration procedure, the so-called slope heuristics. By doing so, we exhibit a minimal penalty being half of the optimal one. The optimal penalty shape being unknown in general, we also propose a hold-out penalization procedure and show that the latter is asymptotically optimal.
The evolution of drug discovery in systemic lupus erythematosus

Drug discovery in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has lagged behind other rheumatic diseases, in large part because of difficulty in measuring change or improvement in a disorder that involves multiple organ systems to varying degrees at different times. The metrics currently used as primary endpoints are composite indices that rely mainly on disease assessment measures derived before the era of clinical trials of targeted therapies. Only one agent has been approved for the treatment of SLE since 1957. This monograph reviews the evolution of drug development for SLE, problems and pitfalls that have been encountered, and outlines the domains used to evaluate SLE in the clinic. Finally, several initiatives underway to improve clinical trial design are outlined.
A comparative study of fluid management education before hospital discharge.

Abstract Objectives We examined if an education intervention [EduI] based on the Common Sense Model theoretical framework and 3-step action plan to control fluid-related symptoms and weight gain, decreased 6-month health care consumption. Background Heart failure (HF) morbidity is often related to fluid overload. Methods A 2-group comparative design with convenience sampling was used to assess rehospitalization (Hosp), emergency department (ED) and unplanned office visits. Analyses included regression models. Results Of 122 usual care [UC] and 122 EduI patients, mean (standard deviation) age was 65.8 (12.6) years. In multivariate analyses, first HF Hosp, total ED visits and ED visits for HF decompensation were lower in EduI compared to UC; p = 0.039, p = 0.025, and p = 0.001 respectively. There were no reductions in 6-month total Hosp or HF-related unplanned office visits. Conclusions An EduI with a 3-step action plan to control fluid-related symptoms and weight gain reduced first Hosp, total ED and HF-ED visits.
A low-power integrated circuit for interfacing a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) based resonant gas sensor

In this work we present a complete end-to-end interface for a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) intended for low-power gas sensing applications. A prototype chip was designed in a 0.18-μm BiCMOS process. Different blocks (a BJT-based Colpitts oscillator, an inverter-based oscillator, a sine-to-square wave converter, a digital frequency counter, and a parallel-to-serial converter) required for the complete system are discussed, designed, and tested for their standalone performance. Consequently, a complete system interfaced with a 3.6-MHz CMUT and providing a digital frequency output is presented. With duty cycling for one measurement per minute the system consumed 10 μW power.
Illicit Flows in the Hong Kong-China-Taiwan Triangle

The exhaustive focus on conventional military confrontation in the China-Taiwan relationship has obscured a number of other security issues. Despite the lack of extensive formal communication and legal travel, there is in fact a gnat deal of illicit movement particularly smuggling, across the Taiwan Strait, and more generally within the Hong Kong-China-Taiwan triangle. How does the internal geography of the triangle affect the non-traditional security problems associated with illicit movement of people and goods that Hong Kong, China, and Taiwan face? Do the conditions in the triangle have any effect on the non-traditional security problems of other countries? In this article I use expert and practitioner interviews conducted in Taiwan and Hong Kong, as well as the occasional police document from Hong Kong, the Philippines, and China, to argue that the geographic characteristics of the triangle encourage illicit flows of people and goods, and exacerbate the security problems of the entities within the triangle, particularly Taiwan. Perhaps more significantly, the ”export flows” of transnational organized crime from the triangle, in the form of smuggling and triads, cause security headaches for other countries, near and far without a shot being fired. In the first two sections, where I lay out the argument, the empirical evidence chiefly consists of pirated goods and the illicit movement of criminals and migrants, in part to show that the geographic factors at work affect all types of illicit flows in similar ways. In the third section, I take drug trafficking as a case study in which we can see how all of the geographic factors combine to impinge on the security of countries both within the triangle and without.
THE DYNAMICS OF FINITE HAPLOID POPULATIONS WITH OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS. II. THE DIFFUSION APPROXIMATION

ABSTRACT The dynamics of a gene in a haploid population can be explained approximately by considering the average reproductive value of the gene. The dynamics of the average reproductive value are similar to those of a gene in a population with nonoverlapping generations with the following modifications: The effective population size, N e , replaces N; the average mutation rates,μ * and v * replace μ and v ; the average overall selection r * +(T-l)s ** replaces s; and time is measured in terms of generations, T . The implications of the average selection coefficient to adaptive life histones are discussed.
Iron Age Transformations at Mmadipudi Hill, Botswana: Identifying Spatial Organization Through Electromagnetic Induction Survey

Mmadipudi Hill (CE 550–1200) is an Iron Age site in east-central Botswana approximately 3 km west of Bosutswe, a major Iron Age trade center at the eastern edge of the Kalahari Desert. A 5,000-m2 electromagnetic induction (EMI) survey conducted in 2011 revealed a cattle post arranged in the Central Cattle Pattern, including a central animal kraal with at least three clusters of houses flanking the eastern edge. A test trench confirmed the presence of a Taukome daga structure, possibly a house, 100–150 cm in depth. The EMI survey is one of, if not the first, archaeogeophysical surveys conducted in Botswana. It has proven invaluable as a means to understand the settlement organization and to pinpoint excavations to gain a more detailed understanding of the material culture. The perspective it offered on thorn brush fencing would not have been possible through excavation alone. Although small in scope, the test excavation yielded Taukome and Toutswe artifacts related to the larger sets of issues the Bosutswe region faced as Indian Ocean trade transformed the local political economy. The nature of the relationships between Bosutswe and its surrounding communities likely evolved due to the rise of a prestige goods economy, growing inequality, and environmental degradation around CE 1200. The occupation at Mmadipudi Hill would have immediately preceded these changes. By determining the spatial organization of Mmadipudi Hill, this article begins a crucial first step towards exploring what the local settlement pattern looked like prior to CE 1200 and understanding what the relationships among sites may have been.
A new perspective on semantics of data provenance

Data Provenance refers to the "origin", "lineage", and "source" of data. In this work, we examine provenance from a semantics perspective and present the W7 model, an ontological model of data provenance. In the W7 model, provenance is conceptualized as a combination of seven interconnected elements including "what", "when", "where", "how", "who", "which" and "why". Each of these components may be used to track events that affect data during its lifetime. The W7 model is general and extensible enough to capture provenance semantics for data in different domains. Using the example of the Wikipedia, we illustrate how the W7 model can capture domain or application specific provenance.
Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Blistering of Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Films in Hydrofluoric Acid

Thin (0.1 μm) LPCVD polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films are shown to exhibit permeability and suffer structural degradation when exposed to concentrated hydrofluoric acid. Analysis by TEM and SEM reveals two attack mechanisms. (1) Poly-Si films deposited onto phosphosilicate glass (PSG) at 605°C exhibit tensile residual stress and degrade immediately upon exposure to HF, a phenomenon which we attribute to stress-corrosion cracking. Phosphorus from the PSG layer enters the poly-Si during the deposition, resulting in a microstructural gradient which contributes to the cracking mechanism. (2) As-deposited tensile poly-Si films on phosphorus-free LPCVD SiO2 (LTO) and annealed films on LTO and PSG blister at different rates in HF due to penetration at foreign particle inclusion sites and other film defects. Unannealed compressive films deposited at 650°C onto PSG do not show any evidence of attack.
Real-world security games: toward addressing human decision-making uncertainty

Game theory is a useful tool for reasoning about interactions between agents and in turn aiding in the decisions of those agents. In fact, Stackelberg games are natural models for many important applications such as oligopolistic markets and security domains. Indeed, Stackelberg games are at the heart of three deployed systems, ARMOR; IRIS; and GUARDS, for aiding security officials in making critical resource allocation decisions. In Stackelberg games, one player, the leader, commits to a strategy and follower makes her decision with knowledge of the leader's commitment. Existing algorithms for Stackelberg games efficiently find optimal solutions (leader strategy), however, they critically assume that the follower plays optimally. Unfortunately, in many applications, agents face human followers (adversaries) who -- because of their bounded rationality and possibly limited information of the leader strategy -- may deviate from their expected optimal response. Not considering these likely deviations when dealing with human adversaries may cause an unacceptable degradation in the leader's reward, particularly in security applications where these algorithms have seen deployment. To that end, I explore robust algorithms for agent interactions with human adversaries in security applications. I have developed a number of robust algorithms for a class of games known as "Security Games" and am working toward enhancing these approaches for a richer models of these games that I developed known as "Security Circumvention Games".
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Skin Cancer in Man

Examination of the sun’s role in the production of human skin cancer does not lend itself to direct experimentation. However, extensie astute observations have strongly suggested the etiologic significance of light energy in the induction of these tumors. Skin cancers in Caucasians in general are most prevalent in geographic areas of the greatest insolation and among people who receive the most exposure, i.e., men who work outdoors. They are rare in Negroes and other deeply pigmented individuals who have the greatest protection against UV light injury. Further, the lightest complexioned individuals, such as those of Scottish and Irish descent, appear to be most susceptible to skin cancer formation when they live in geographic areas of high UV exposure. When skin cancers do occur in the darkly pigmented races, they are not distributed primarily in the sun-exposed areas as they are in light-skinned people. The tumors in these pigmented individuals are more commonly stimulated by other forms of trauma, such as chronic leg ulcers, irritation due to the lack of wearing shoes, the use of a kangri (an earthenware pot that is filled with burning charcoal and strapped to the abdomen for warmth), the wearing of a Dhoti (loin cloth), and so on. In contrast, the distribution of skin cancer in the Bantu albino and in patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum follows sun exposure patterns.
A Free Radical Primer

Abstract Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species are the result of the oxidation-reduction reactions that are constantly taking place around us, such as combustion, photosynthesis, rusting, and cellular metabolism. In this chapter, the mechanisms of free radical production and their importance in natural chemical processes is discussed. Parallels are made between different systems as a means of underlining the similarities and fundamental relationships these reactions have in nature. Following the redox potential principles, the concept is extended to the cellular metabolic pathways, where different reactions in the cellular matrix result in the generation and consumption of free radicals or reactive intermediates, which define the redox sate of a cell. With this background, a deeper understanding on the relationship between free radicals, oxidative stress and biomaterials can be obtained.
Accuracy of Menus in Foodservice Establishments

Safety, nutritional quality and honest representation are primary expectations of consumers with respect to their food supply. While food safety and nutrition have received much attention by public health agencies, the honest representation of food has not been among the priorities of food sanitation programs of local governments. This report summarizes findings of a survey of food representation in public eating establishments in the District of Columbia. It also outlines a three-phase program of education, consultation and enforcement to insure that the integrity of the food supply is as much a part of our food protection program as are safety and nutritional quality.
Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Presenting as Bitemporal Defects on Humphrey Visual Field

A 25-year-old woman presented with blurry vision, headache, nausea, and syncope. Humphrey visual field testing revealed bitemporal defects, but magnetic resonance imaging was negative for chiasmal pathology. Macular optical coherence tomography showed focal parafoveal disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction and infrared imaging showed hyporeflective macular lesions in both eyes. Our case demonstrates a diagnosis of acute macular neuroretinopathy that presented with bitemporal visual field defects. To our knowledge, bitemporal visual field loss, mimicking chiasmal pathology, has not been reported previously in association with acute macular neuroretinopathy.
Mechanically modulated electronic properties of water-filled fullerenes

We report on electronic properties of water-filled fullerenes [H2O(n)@C60, H2O(n)@C180, and H2O(n)@C240] under mechanical deformation using density functional theory. Under a point load, energy gap change of empty and water-filled fullerenes is investigated. For C60 and H2O(n) @C60, the energy gap decreases as the tensile strain increases. For H2O(n)@C60, under compression, the energy gap decreases monotonously while for C60, it first decreases and then increases. Similar behavior is observed for other empty (C180 and C240) and water-filled [H2O(n) @C180 and H2O(n)@C240] fullerenes. The energy gap decrease of water-filled fullerenes is due to the increased interaction between water and carbon wall under deformation.
Evaluating Technology-Based Self-Monitoring as a Tier 2 Intervention Across Middle School Settings:

Multitiered frameworks like Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) have been recommended for preventing and remediating behavior problems. In this study, technology-based self-monitori...
Sample-Audit Tax Assessment for Businesses: What's Fair?

How should a revenue agency assess a business taxpayer's income on the basis of a sample audit of transactions? The agency would like to maximize revenue while minimizing the risk that the taxpayer will be assessed more than he really owes. The taxpayer reasons that overassessment is worse than underassessment, as far as he is concerned, and therefore the taxpayer might reasonably argue that the lower bound of a one-sided confidence interval should be used by the assessor. The revenue agency might understandably take a different point of view. The revenue agency might argue that overassessment is really no worse than underassessment, from its point of view, so the midpoint of such a confidence interval should be used. In fact, it is this latter position that is currently in use most commonly by state agencies, but such practice is being challenged. The courts will have to make a decision.
Hospital pharmacists' perceived beliefs and responsibilities in indication-based off-label prescribing

Background Off-label prescribing is prevalent in healthcare. There is a lack of understanding of pharmacists’ attitudes toward the practice of off-label prescribing, especially those that are prescribed for other indications than approved ones (termed as indication-based off-label prescribing). Objective Explore hospital pharmacists’ attitudes toward and perceived responsibility in off-label and indication-based off-label prescribing in hospital pharmacy practice. Setting Pharmacists practicing in hospitals in the United States were investigated. Method Pharmacists were contacted via email through State affiliates of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacist. The survey described an indication-based off-label medication order for a hospitalized patient and the prescribing physician. Data were collected via Qualtrics. Main outcome measure Questions focused on awareness, beliefs, and responsibility—including, risk assessment and monitoring outcomes—related to off-label and indication-based offlabel prescribing. Results Of 107 pharmacist respondents, about 79% and 98% reported being familiar with offlabel and indication-based off-label prescribing, respectively. While 77.6% pharmacists believed that patients should be informed, only 37.4% agreed that they had responsibility of informing physicians; presence of policy was associated (p < 0.02) with pharmacist agreeing to inform physicians. Over 70% agreed that patients should be closely monitored for outcomes and 43.1% believed physicians had predominant responsibility of monitoring outcomes. Conclusion Pharmacists’ perceived responsibility and beliefs regarding off-label prescribing are insightful that can be utilized for improving patient care.
When I hear the word culture

This afterword summarizes the principal contributions of the articles in this collection, noting both common themes and points of difference. All six articles highlight serious problems and uninten...
Inter-Temporal Persistence and Mispricing of Accruals and Growth in Long-Term Net Operating Assets: Growth or Accounting Distortions?

This paper investigates two competing arguments for the lower persistence of accruals in an inter-temporal setting and their implications for accrual anomaly. The accounting distortions argument predicts a lower persistence of both accruals and growth in long-term net operating assets during periods of expansion than during recession. If investors fixate on earnings, then it predicts more mispricing of both accruals and growth in long-term net operating assets during expansionary periods relative to recessionary periods. In contrast, the growth argument predicts a lower persistence of accruals, but a higher persistence of growth in long-term net operating assets during expansions than during recessions. If investors are unable to access the effect of growth on future profitability, it predicts more (less) accrual (growth in long-term net operating assets) mispricing. Using a U.S. sample from 1972 to 2003, I find evidence consistent with the growth argument that during periods of expansion, the persistence of accruals is lower, but the persistence of growth in long-term net operating assets is higher. Additionally I find that the accrual mispricing is more pronounced, but the mispricing of growth in long-term net operating assets is less pronounced during periods of expansion.
Aggressive Spindle Cell Neoplasm

A 79-year-old Caucasian male with a history of malignant spindle-cell neoplasm of the scalp not otherwise specified presented with a rapidly enlarging crateriform nodule. Based on the histologic features and location deep within the subcutaneous fat and fascial layers, the correct diagnosis is: (a) Spindle squamous cell carcinoma (b) Spindle-cell melanoma (c) Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma (d) Leiomyosarcoma
Potential Acuity on a Shoestring

The pre-operative determination of retinal function, “potential acuity”, is assuming an increasingly important role in ophthalmic care under the joint pressures of maximizing visual function while minimizing health care costs. Quantitative potential acuity is obviously the most desirable approach but it can also be the most expensive. This communication introduces an inexpensive qualitative technique for measuring subjective potential acuity, and describes its use. Required are: optometrist’s penlight, some tin foil, a pin, a paper hole punch, and good communication with the patient.
Gene therapy for hemophilia B: AAV-mediated transfer of the gene for coagulation factor IX to human muscle.

Hemophilia B is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor IX. In its severe form, the disease results in spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following surgery or trauma, and is clinically indistinguishable from hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency). The major morbidity of the disease is the chronic arthropathy of hemophilia that develops following spontaneous hemorrhage into the joint spaces. Blood in the joint space serves as an irritant causing proliferation of the vascular synovial membranes. Hypertrophied synovium is more susceptible to injury resulting in a vicious cycle of rebleeding that furthers the destruction of the joint. The major bleeding-related mortality of hemophilia is intracranial hemorrhage that occurs in between 3 and 14% of patients (1, 2, 3). The mortality rate from intracranial hemorrhage ranges from 20–50%, and survivors are often left with severe neurological sequelae such as seizures, paresis or mental retardation (1). Current treatment of hemophilia is based on the episodic intravenous infusion of highly purified plasma-derived or recombinant clotting factor concentrates in response to bleeding episodes (on-demand therapy).
CONTROLLABLE REACTIVITY EPOXY RESIN HARDENERS

Epoxy resin hardeners having a wide reactivity range were prepared from organometallic compounds plus a phenolic compound or a phenolic resin. It is possible to formulate epoxy resins with these hardeners having a working life stability of months at room temperature to resins which gel instantly by varying the phenolic compound or its content. The organometallic compounds used were organic titanates, metal acetylacetonates and bis(trialkyltin) oxides. While many epoxy resins are only reactive toward certain classes of hardeners, every epoxy resin tested was cured by these controllable reactivity hardeners. The cured resins were hard solids with excellent electrical properties at 25 to at least 170°C. High heat distortion temperatures were also obtained with many of these compositions.
Structural Aspects of the Cyanobacterial KaiABC Circadian Clock

The KaiABC circadian clock in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro from three proteins in the presence of ATP. This oscillator displays the pertinent features of circadian rhythms including a self-sustained 24-h period and temperature compensation. At every phase of the cycle there is a mixture of types of Kai complexes and the proportions of the various types are oscillating. The KaiC protein is an auto-kinase and auto-phosphatase whose phosphorylation levels oscillate over the daily period whereby KaiA and KaiB interact with KaiC to increase and decrease its phosphorylation, respectively. This chapter provides an overview of the three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization of Kai proteins and the understanding of the KaiA–KaiC interaction gained by NMR and 3D electron microscopy (EM). Despite impressive advances in the structural realm, many open questions remain regarding the control of KaiC phosphorylation by KaiA and KaiB and conformational changes accompanying the transition between the hypo- and hyper-phosphorylated states of KaiC.
Survey of Rate Coefficients in the C-H-Cl-O System

The reactions of halogens and their compounds, in particular of chlorine and chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), are of growing interest to the combustion community because of the increasing role that incineration plays in the treatment of hazardous chemical wastes, which frequently contain these compounds. Although a reasonably large body of knowledge appears to exist on the rates and mechanisms of reactions of chlorine-containing species, most of our present understanding is derived from experiments done at or near ambient temperatures. Studies at high temperatures are limited; more are urgently needed for the development of quantitative detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms describing the oxidation and pyrolysis of CHCs at combustion conditions. To cope with the scarcity of high-temperature data, techniques have been developed to extrapolate rate information obtained at lower temperatures to combustion conditions, and these permit the available thermochemical and kinetic data to be used to develop mechanisms suitable for odeling the combustion of CHCs. For such modeling studies, however, it is required that the rate parameters of a large number of reactions be estimated. Although estimation in itself is not undesirable, as there will always be more reactions in such complex systems than resources available to study them individually in isolated experiments, experimental rate measurements on reactions of chlorinated species at combustion temperatures serve as vital references to assess the validity of predictions and to calibrate theoretical methods. Only with reliable experimental rate data together with robust theoretical methods will we be in a position to develop mechanisms with broad ranges of applicability and to address issues related to the formation and destruction of pollutants in the combustion of CHCs.
Characterizing projective geometry of binocular visual space by Möbius transformation

Abstract Binocular vision involves the projection of objects in the 3-D visual space onto the two retinae and the comparison of spatial layout of objects in these retinal half-images. Here we characterize the unitary representation of the binocular space as a complex half-plane from the perspective of the cyclopean eye. We then investigate its automorphism group, namely the Mobius transformation group, and the associated invariants when the two eye positions are treated as fixed points of the automorphism. A three-point simple ratio from an object point to both eyes is constructed; as a complex number, its angle measures the difference in azimuth of the projected rays from the object point to each eye (i.e., horizontal disparity) while its modulus measures the ratio of the distances of the object point to the two eyes (i.e., relative vertical magnification or vertical size ratio). The four-point cross-ratio of two such simple ratios, as the only four-point invariant under Mobius transforms, reflects the fact that the relative disparity between any two object points remains unchanged when the eyes change fixation. Since the complex half-plane is biholomorphically equivalent to an open unit disk, both Poincare model and Klein–Beltrami model give rise to a hyperbolic geometry, consistent with the empirically supported Luneburg’s (1947; 1950) model of binocular geometry (for the depth plane). Finally, the hyperbolic tangent function f ( z ) = tanh ( z ) , with inverse f − 1 ( z ) = 1 2 log 1 + z 1 − z , is shown to act as the psychophysical function relating the physical representation of the binocular space to its cyclopean representation.
Dotlens smartphone microscopy and nano-colorimetry

Recent advances in inkjet-printed optics have created a new class of lens fabrication technique. Dubbed DotLens, a single of which weighs less than 50 mg and occupies a volume less than 50 μL. DotLens can be attached onto any smartphone camera akin to a contact lens, and turn the smartphones into a microscope. In this paper, we show recent results from images collected from a variety of biological samples. Lately, we have demonstrated that by data analytics the smartphone microscope is capable of detect nanoscale objects and their minute color changes, called nanocolorimetry. We have applied it to the detection and quantification of lean ion in drinking water with performance surpassing the EPA standard.
Evaluation of Thermal Detector Technology Capabilities for the Compact Thermal Imager: Results from the Qwip Infrared Camaera from Snowex’17

As part of an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE), we analyzed thermal infrared (IR) data from the Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) IR imaging camera system for snow-free, vegetation-covered scenes acquired during the February 2017 SnowEx experiment. We evaluate retrievals from specific bands to extrapolate science return from the QWIP to the CTI (Compact Thermal Imager) and its bands. We will then provide an assessment of the capabilities associated with a CTI-like sensor on a free flyer.
Commentary on “Humanistic Management of Social Innovation in Service (SIS): An Interdisciplinary Framework”

The interdisciplinary framework for bringing humanistic management and service research together contained in “Humanistic Management of Social Innovation in Service (SIS): An Interdisciplinary Framework” is analyzed in this commentary. The humanistic management framework for social innovation in service that the authors propose is quite invigorating. The authors identify many new future service research opportunities.
Sensory Aspects of Retailing: Theoretical and Practical Implications

Abstract Sensory elements are an important aspect of both offline and online retail stores and can non-consciously influence consumer judgments and purchase behavior. In offline settings, ambient factors like scent, lighting, and music have been shown to influence customers’ shopping experiences and their buying behaviors. For online retail outlets, sensory factors related to color, display patterns, and layouts can have significant effects on consumer behavior. Sensory elements have strong managerial relevance since they can non-consciously influence behaviors and because they are relatively easy to change; for example, it requires minimal effort to change the lighting or the music at a physical retail store or the display pattern for an online store. The eight papers in this special issue address theoretical and practical issues related to how different sensory elements can strongly influence retail practices. These papers focus on underexplored topic areas and also on emerging technologies, which stimulate thoughts for further research in these areas.
Robust Recovery of PMU Signals With Outlier Characterization and Stochastic Subspace Selection

This paper proposes an improvement on the standalone robust principal component analysis (R-PCA)-based approach for recovering clean signals from corrupted synchrophasor measurements. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, a kernel principal component analysis (K-PCA)-based metric is proposed for detecting and differentiating event-induced outliers from spurious outliers in data, which is then used as an indicator to suspend R-PCA in the event window to minimize the overall error in signal recovery. Second, a formal approach based on the recursive Bayesian framework is proposed for selecting the most appropriate subspace from a library of subspaces to be used by R-PCA. The paper combines the ideas of robust signal recovery, corruption-resilient event outlier detection, and stochastic subspace selection into a composite approach for correcting anomalies in synchrophasor data. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated on simulated data from IEEE 16–machine, 5–area test system.
Phosphonium boranes for the selective transport of fluoride anions across artificial phospholipid membranes

With the view of developing selective transmembrane anion transporters, a series of phosphonium boranes of general formula [p-RPh2 P(C6 H4 )BMes2 ]+ have been synthesized and evaluated. The results demonstrate that variation of the R group appended to the phosphorus atom informs the lipophilicity of these compounds, their Lewis acidity, as well as their transport activity. Anion transport experiments in POPC-based large unilamellar vesicles show that these main-group cations are highly selective for the fluoride anion, which is transported more than 20 times faster than the chloride anion. Finally, this work shows that the anion transport properties of these compounds are extremely sensitive to the steric crowding about the boron atom, pointing to the crucial involvement of the Group 13 element as the anion binding site.
Computationally Efficient AC Resistance Model for Stator Winding With Rectangular Conductors

The resistance of the electric machine’s windings is an important parameter when analyzing the machine’s performance, as conduction losses in the winding are often the largest loss component. However, this resistance changes with frequency due to the skin and proximity effects, making it challenging to accurately estimate these losses. In this article, a computationally efficient, general method of calculating the ac resistance of an electric machine winding with rectangular conductors is presented. The method uses a 1-D magnetoquasi-static model of the stator slot region to develop boundary transfer relations between individual turns. These relations are then used to create an impedance matrix from which the ac resistance can be calculated. This technique is more flexible than previous solutions since it can accommodate different winding configurations such as fractional-pitch windings. It is shown that a fractional-pitch winding has a lower ac resistance than a full-pitch winding. Finite-element analysis simulations and experimental results are used to validate the proposed method.
Cold War Cosmopolitanism

South Korea in the 1950s was home to a burgeoning film culture, one of the many “Golden Age cinemas” that flourished in Asia during the postwar years. Cold War Cosmopolitanism offers a transnational cultural history of South Korean film style in this period, focusing on the works of Han Hyung-mo, director of the era’s most glamorous and popular women’s pictures, including the blockbuster Madame Freedom (1956). Christina Klein provides a unique approach to the study of film style, illuminating how Han’s films took shape within a “free world” network of aesthetic and material ties created by the legacies of Japanese colonialism, the construction of US military bases, the waging of the cultural Cold War, the forging of regional political alliances, and the import of popular cultures from around the world. Klein combines nuanced readings of Han’s films with careful attention to key issues of modernity—such as feminism, cosmopolitanism, and consumerism—in the first monograph devoted to this major Korean director. “Christina Klein shines a brilliant klieg light on the still largely unknown South Korean classic films of the 1950s by placing them in a global context of Cold War culture and politics. This is an original and engaging study with broad scholarly and popular appeal.” CARTER J. ECKERT, author of Park Chung Hee and Modern Korea “Cold War Cosmopolitanism makes a unique contribution to multiple fields. Using Han Hyung-mo’s career and female characters as a springboard, Klein charts the historical and theoretical trajectories of the formation of Cold War cosmopolitanism in 1950s Korea under US hegemony.” HYE SEUNG CHUNG, author of Movie Migrations: Transnational Genre Flows and South Korean Cinema “This book belongs on the bookshelf of everyone interested in the Cold War culture of Asia.” POSHEK FU, author of Between Shanghai and Hong Kong: The Politics of Chinese Cinemas CHRISTINA KLEIN is Associate Professor of English and Director of American Studies at Boston College.
Effect of Palmitic Acid on Exosome-Mediated Secretion and Invasive Motility in Prostate Cancer Cells.

High fat consumption can enhance metastasis and decrease survival in prostate cancer, but the picture remains incomplete on the epidemiological and cell-biological level, impeding progress toward individualized recommendations in the clinic. Recent work has highlighted the role of exosomes secreted by prostate cancer cells in the progression of the disease, particularly in metastatic invasion, and also the utility of targeting these extracellular vesicles for diagnostics, as carriers of disease progression markers. Here, we investigated the question of a potential impact of the chief nutritional saturated fatty acid on the exosome secretion. Palmitic acid decreased the secretion of exosomes in human prostate cancer cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same time, the content of some prospective metastatic markers in the secreted exosomal fraction was also reduced, as was the ability of the cells to invade across extracellular matrix barriers. While by themselves our in vitro results imply that on the cell level, palmitic acid may be beneficial vis-a-vis the course of the disease, they also suggest that, by virtue of the decreased biomarker secretion, palmitic acid has the potential to cause unjustified deprioritization of treatment in obese and lipidemic men.
“It’s My Job to Make Her Orgasm”: Women’s Orgasm Provision as Responsibility and Special Skill

Men reported a sense of themselves as uniquely gifted and skilled in their ability to induce orgasm, and as such believed they owed a responsibility. However, men’s own pleasure remained absent in these narratives. Men reported that receiving praise served as their motivation for focusing on their partner’s orgasm. For many men, sexual performance worked as an act of compensatory masculinity, making up for other areas of their lives where they believed themselves to fall short. Many of the men in this inquiry espoused a belief in a highly sexual identity, and couched their masculinity in terms of it. Outside partnerships functioned as an outlet to perform that identity and reaffirm themselves as “men.”
High-Density Linkage Maps Based on Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) Confirm a Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Reveal Variation in Recombination Rate for the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

Studies of linkage and linkage mapping have advanced genetic and biological knowledge for over 100 years. In addition to their growing role, today, in mapping phenotypes to genotypes, dense linkage maps can help to validate genome assemblies. Previously, we showed that 40% of scaffolds in the first genome assembly for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were chimeric, containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to different linkage groups. Here, we merge 14 linkage maps constructed of SNPs generated from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) methods with five, previously constructed linkage maps, to create a compendium of nearly 69 thousand SNPs mapped with high confidence. We use this compendium to assess a recently available, chromosome-level assembly of the C. gigas genome, mapping SNPs in 275 of 301 contigs and comparing the ordering of these contigs, by linkage, to their assembly by Hi-C sequencing methods. We find that, while 26% of contigs contain chimeric blocks of SNPs, i.e., adjacent SNPs mapping to different linkage groups than the majority of SNPs in their contig, these apparent misassemblies amount to only 0.08% of the genome sequence. Furthermore, nearly 90% of 275 contigs mapped by linkage and sequencing are assembled identically; inconsistencies between the two assemblies for the remaining 10% of contigs appear to result from insufficient linkage information. Thus, our compilation of linkage maps strongly supports this chromosome-level assembly of the oyster genome. Finally, we use this assembly to estimate, for the first time in a Lophotrochozoan, genome-wide recombination rates and causes of variation in this fundamental process.
I Diritti Dei Malati Di Aids E Delle Persone Sieropositive Negli Stati Uniti: Una Valutazione Critica (The Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS Patients in the United States: A Critical Assessment)

Italian Abstract: Da una prima analisi delle leggi esistenti negli Stati Uniti, poste a tutela dei malati di AIDS e dei sieropositivi, sembrerebbe che tali diritti siano protetti in maniera adeguata ed appropriata. Sfortunatamente, questa analisi non da un panorama completo dei bisogni giuridici non ancora riconosciuti dei malati di AIDS e dei sieropositivi. L’articolo inizia con una rassegna dei molti provvedimenti costituzionali ed ordinari (legislativi) che tentano di arginare le discriminazioni contro le persone affette dal virus. La seconda parte esamina alcune aree non ancora coperte dalle nostre leggi, soprattutto nell’ambito economico e per quanto riguarda l’accesso alle cure mediche. La terza parte presenta in maniera critica un numero di conflitti legali emersi a causa dell’epidemia, comprendenti sia casi risolti, sia altri ancora aperti. L’articolo vuole dimostrare che, nonostante l’esistenza di un numero consistente di leggi che proteggono i diritti civili dei malati di AIDS e dei sieropositivi, rimangono significativi vuoti normativi, in particolare nei confronti delle persone meno abbienti, con minori possibilita di accesso alle risorse economiche e sanitarie. English Abstract: This book chapter, The Legal Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Critical Assessment, translated into Italian, reviews the rights and experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States, with a particular focus on gaps in civil rights protections particularly affecting low-income people with lesser access to economic and health care resources. Part I of the chapter provides an overview of the federal Constitutional and statutory protections of the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS, including the right to informational privacy and the right to be free from discrimination based on one’s health status. Part II explains the lack of access to health care experienced by many low-income people living in the U.S. and the ways in which this particularly hits hard communities of color in general and in the epidemic. Part III reviews the laws and court decisions establishing particular rights of people living with HIV/AIDS (e.g., consent to testing; confidentiality; anti-discrimination laws; some access to health insurance), as well as unresolved legal issues (e.g., mandated or routine HIV testing of certain populations; access to care; qualifications for government-funded health care). The chapter concludes that although the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS are protected in many ways, the changing nature of treatment of HIV and the changing demographics of those living with HIV, will pose challenges in ensuring that the law is used as a structural support, and not a hindrance, to confront the epidemic.
Isolation of Mycoplasma from Cows' Milk:

Mycoplasma species that cause mastitis in dairy cattle are often extremely contagious. In epidemics of mastitis caused by M. bovis, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for controlling the spread of this organism from cow to cow. An epidemic may be extremely costly to the producer if appropriate sampling and culture protocols are not promptly implemented. Unfortunately, few procedures for isolation of microorganisms are standardized across veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Mycoplasma culture techniques can vary greatly between laboratories. This study compared Mycoplasma culture results at four different laboratories in order to assess whether sensitivity and specificity were variable between laboratories.