cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear lamina and organization of nuclear architecture

Abstract The nuclear lamina is a polymeric protein meshwork that lines the nucleoplasmic surface of the nuclear envelope. Recent work demonstrates that the lamina is composed of intermediate-type filaments, one of the major classes of structural filaments in cells. The lamina may be an important determinant of higher order chromatin architecture during interphase, and is implicated in regulation of nuclear envelope structure during the cell cycle.
Does salt marsh fertilization enhance shellfish production? An application of flow analysis

The method of flow analysis, which is similar to economic input-output analysis, is presented as a means of making flow models of ecological systems more useful to environmental managers. This paper considers as an illustration the extent to which nitrogen fertilizer added toSpartina salt marsh sediments can enhance shellfish growth. Nitrogen flow models of both the Barataria Bay salt marsh complex of coastal Louisiana and the Sippewissett Marsh of western Cape Cod are analyzed. The analysis shows the transfer of added nitrogen to shellfish growth viaSpartina growth, decomposition, and detrital feeding to be considerably less efficient than its transfer toSpartina growth itself. These results are similar for both marsh systems, despite their great physical differences and despite the inclusion of considerably more microbial processing of nitrogen in the Barataria Bay model than in the Sippewissett models. The results suggest that the most efficient mechanism by which added nitrogen could enhance shellfish growth in salt marshes may have to bypass the route through theSpartina life cycle.
Accounting for severity in surgical morbidity rates

Abstract Introduction: Because mortality is relatively rare for many procedures, there is growing interest in using morbidity rates to assess surgical quality. However, current measures, including those used in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), do not account for complication severity. Methods: Based on NSQIP definitions, postoperative complications were assessed prospectively in 11,169 consecutive patients undergoing general surgery procedures over a 5 year period. Complications were assigned 5 grades of severity: I (non life-threatening, non-invasive therapy), II (potentially life-threatening, non-invasive therapy), III (requiring invasive therapy), IV (permanent disability), and V (death). We then examined relationships between complication severity and resource use. Results: Overall, 1,582 patients (14.2%) experienced one or more complications. Classifying patients by their most severe complication, incidence rates varied by severity grade: Grade I (4.4%), Grade II (1.8%), Grade III (5.0%), Grade IV (0.4%), and Grade V (2.5%). The risk of a major complication (Grade II or higher) was strongly related to patient age, admission acuity, and procedure complexity. Compared to those without complications, patients with major complications were more likely to have a prolonged length of stay (OR range 16.4 to 22, according to procedure). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of tracking complication rates by severity. Morbidity measures which distinguish between major and minor complications would be more clinically meaningful and allow for fairer comparisons of surgical performance across hospitals.
Umbral oscillations in a detailed model umbra

Our theory of umbral oscillations as resonant modes of magneto-atmospheric waves (Scheuer and Thomas, 1981) is extended and confirmed by calculating the resonant modes in a much more detailed model of the umbral atmosphere. The depths of forcing required to produce observed oscillation periods (roughly 140 to 185 s) are in good agreement with the depths of overstable convection found in other studies (Moore, 1973; Mullan and Yun, 1973).
Temporal Relationship of EEG Abnormalities in Migraine to Headache and Medication

SYNOPSIS EEGs of 55 subjects with classic or common migraine were correlated with headache subtype, age of onset, duration of illness, family history, and time span either from last headache or medication. Eleven patients (20%) had abnormal EEGs: five were diffusely slow, one demonstrated bitemporal slowing, one generalized spikes, and two each showed either a photoconvulsive response or excessive buildup to hyperventilation. EEG abnormalities did not correlate chronologically with medication or headache. Six of 30 patients with headache andor medication within 48 hours of the EEG had abnormal records, a number not statistically different from the five of 25 who had abnormal EEGs in the absence of headache or medication in the previous 48 hours. EEG abnormalities in migraine, while varied and nonspecific, do persist during asymptomatic intervals. This suggests more permanent alterations of cerebral physiology than can be accounted for by transient vascular changes during migraine attacks themselves.
Ring opening during the cationic polymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane: Cyclic ketene acetal initiation with sulfuric acid supported on carbon

The stable cyclic ketene acetal, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane, 7, has been polymerized cationically in pentane, CH 2 Cl 2 and THF at 25°C to form a polymer which is composed of both ring-opened (40-50% ) and ring-retained (50-60%) structures-Initiation was catalyzed by using H 2 SO 4 -supported on activated carbon black. This unique outcome differs significantly from the cationic polymerization of several other five- and six-membered ring cyclic ketene acetals which gave 100% 1,2-vinylpolymerization under these conditions. As the polymerization temperature increased in cationic polymerization of 7 the ring-opened content increased and the molecular weight of the polymers decreased in such solvents as cyclohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, dimethoxyethane, and bis-(2-methoxyethyl) ether. The mechanism of this polymerization is discussed. This research also illustrated the ability to initiate the cationic polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals by acidified carbon black while avoiding subsequent polymer decomposition.
Electrically Induced Resistance Training in Individuals With Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Objective To examine the effects of 16 weeks of electrically induced resistance training on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, and changes in muscle size, composition, and metabolism in paralyzed muscle. Design Pre-post intervention. Setting University-based trial. Participants Participants (N=14; 11 men and 3 women) with chronic (>2y post spinal cord injury), motor complete spinal cord injury. Intervention Home-based electrically induced resistance exercise training twice weekly for 16 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Plasma glucose and insulin throughout a standard clinical oral glucose tolerance test, thigh muscle and fat mass via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle size and composition via magnetic resonance imaging, and muscle oxidative metabolism using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Muscle mass increased in all participants (mean ± SD, 39%±27%; range, 5%–84%). The mean change ± SD in intramuscular fat was 3%±22%. Phosphocreatine mean recovery time constants ± SD were 102±24 and 77±18 seconds before and after electrical stimulation-induced resistance training, respectively ( P Conclusions Sixteen weeks of electrical stimulation-induced resistance training increased muscle mass, but did not reduce intramuscular fat. Similarly, factors associated with insulin resistance or glucose tolerance did not improve with training. We did find a 25% improvement in mitochondrial function, as measured by phosphocreatine recovery rates. Larger improvements in mitochondrial function may translate into improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
Catheter-based Arterial Sympathectomy: Hypertension and Beyond

Transluminal ablation of renal artery sympathetic nerves has been shown to provide a significant and durable reduction in blood pressure with very low complication rates. Additional publications have documented improvement in insulin sensitivity, obstructive sleep apnea indices, and frequency and severity of congestive heart failure in subgroups undergoing the procedure. This technology may provide effective management of other diseases in which there is autonomic imbalance. Available data are reviewed with the intent to provoke interest within the interventional radiology community in this novel technology, which may allow minimally invasive treatment of many important chronic medical conditions.
Poly(L‐alanine): Investigation of alpha‐helix and betal‐sheet forms by low‐temperature specific heat measurements (1.5–20°K)

For an ideal one-dimensional solid, the low-temperature specific heat, C, is proportional to temperature T1, for an ideal two-dimensional solid C is proportional to T2. We have observed such one- and two-dimensional behavior in alpha- and beta-poly(L-alanine) in the temperature range 1.5–20°K (also intermixed with a three-dimensional behavior). A specific heat anomaly has also been observed. These measurements are important in evaluating the effective elastic constants, including hydrogen bonding, of the biopolymers. They also provide essential information for vibrational theories of poly(L-alanine), which up until now have been based on high-energy data.
Does Divorce or Remarriage Have the Greater Negative Impact on the Academic Achievement of Children

Abstract Over the past twenty-five years considerably more research has been done on the effects of divorce on academic achievement than on the effects of remarriage following divorce on academic achievement. Much of this fact results from the assumption of many social scientists that remarriage must, on average, benefit children of divorce. Recent studies examining the effects of remarriage on various dimensions of childhood ability and psychology seriously question this assumption (Kurdek et al., 1994; Hetherington, 1992; Bay-dar, 1988; Amato and Ochitree, 1987; Hetherington, Hagan, and Anderson, 1989). In fact, some researchers have even argued that the effects of remarriage following divorce may rival or even exceed the effects of divorce (Baydar, 1988; Amato and Ochitree, 1987; Hey-man, 1992). Using the NELS data set from the 1988-1992 period, the results of this study indicate that how one views the relative effects of divorce and remarriage may depend largely on whether one controls for socioeconom...
An execution strategy and optimized runtime support for parallelizing irregular reductions on modern GPUs

GPUs have rapidly emerged as a very significant player in high performance computing. However, despite the popularity of CUDA, there are significant challenges in porting different classes of HPC applications on modern GPUs. This paper focuses on the challenges of implementing irregular applications arising from unstructured grids on modern NVIDIA GPUs. Considering the importance of irregular reductions in scientific and engineering codes, substantial effort was made in developing compiler and runtime support for parallelization or optimization of these codes in the previous two decades, with different efforts targeting distributed memory machines, distributed shared memory machines, shared memory machines, or cache performance improvement on uniprocessor machines. However, there have not been any systematic studies on parallelizing these applications on modern GPUs. There are at least two significant challenges associated with porting this class of applications on modern GPUs. The first is related to correct and efficient parallelization while using a large number of threads. The second challenge is effective use of shared memory. Since data accesses cannot be determined statically, runtime partitioning methods are needed for effectively using the shared memory. This paper describes an execution methodology that can address the above two challenges. We have also developed optimized runtime modules to support our execution methodology. Our approach and runtime methods have been extensively evaluated using two indirection array based applications.
Heterogeneous 3D integration of multi-spectral photonic sensor with highly oriented micro/nano-pillars of semiconductors

We developed a novel method for three-dimensional heterogeneous integration of devices based on any semiconductor material on a pliant surface with arbitrary surface profile. Arrays of optical detectors in the form of vertically oriented micro/nano-pillars with diverse bandgaps and physical properties are fabricated via synthetic bottom-up or transformative top-down approaches on a single crystal surface and then transferred to a different target surface using a polymer assisted shear-fracturing process. The original wafers are used repeatedly for generating more devices and are never consumed. Ohmic contacts with low contact resistance are formed for individual electrical addressing of each layer of sensors using metals and/or conducting polymer such as PAni and PEDOT:PSS. The method offers an opportunity for device fabrication with low fill factor contributing to lower dark current, reduced parasitic capacitance and higher efficiency of light absorption.
Recognition of nucleoside monophosphate substrates by Haemophilus influenzae class C acid phosphatase.

The e (P4) phosphatase from Haemophilus influenzae functions in a vestigial NAD{sup +} utilization pathway by dephosphorylating nicotinamide mononucleotide to nicotinamide riboside. P4 is also the prototype of class C acid phosphatases (CCAPs), which are nonspecific 5{prime},3{prime}-nucleotidases localized to the bacterial outer membrane. To understand substrate recognition by P4 and other class C phosphatases, we have determined the crystal structures of a substrate-trapping mutant P4 enzyme complexed with nicotinamide mononucleotide, 5{prime}-AMP, 3{prime}-AMP, and 2{prime}-AMP. The structures reveal an anchor-shaped substrate-binding cavity comprising a conserved hydrophobic box that clamps the nucleotide base, a buried phosphoryl binding site, and three solvent-filled pockets that contact the ribose and the hydrogen-bonding edge of the base. The span between the hydrophobic box and the phosphoryl site is optimal for recognizing nucleoside monophosphates, explaining the general preference for this class of substrate. The base makes no hydrogen bonds with the enzyme, consistent with an observed lack of base specificity. Two solvent-filled pockets flanking the ribose are key to the dual recognition of 5{prime}-nucleotides and 3{prime}-nucleotides. These pockets minimize the enzyme's direct interactions with the ribose and provide sufficient space to accommodate 5{prime} substrates in an anti conformation and 3{prime} substrates in a syn conformation. Finally, themore » structures suggest that class B acid phosphatases and CCAPs share a common strategy for nucleotide recognition.« less
Effect of low dose prostacyclin infusion on blood flow in acutely ischemic canine myocardium

Abstract The effect of low dose prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) infusion (0.025 to 0.035 g/kg per min) on regional blood flow distribution in acutely ischemic left ventricular myocardium was studied in nine open-chest anesthetized dogs. Blood flow was measured using left atrial injection of “15” micron radioactive microspheres 30 minutes following ligation of one to four branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery and again 7 to 9 minutes later during continuous PGI 2 infusion when mean aortic pressure was reduced by 11 mmHg (P 2 were unchanged during PGI 2 administration. PGI 2 had no effect on transmural flow in either ischemic (0.32 ± 0.05 (SE) ml/min per g) or non-ischemic (0.82 ± 0.06 ml/min per g) myocardium. The regional distribution of blood flow in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium was also unchanged during PGI 2 administration. Specifically, ischemic tissue subendocardial flow (0.21 ± 0.05 ml/min per g) was not increased (0.20 ± 0.06 ml/min per g). We conclude that low dose PGI 2 infusion reduces systemic pressure but has no effect on either the transumral or regional distribution of blood flow in acutely ischemic canine myocardium.
Resurrecting polygraph validation of self‐reported crime data: A note on research method and ethics using the deer poacher∗

After giving informed consent and under the promise of remuneration, fifteen persons apprehended for the poaching crime of “hunting at night” were interviewed and then polygraphed to verify the truthfulness of their responses. Information was gathered on the amount of night hunting activity, illegal game taken, and the factors surrounding the genesis of the behavior (including age of onset). Responses indicated a strong support for learning theory as an explanation for this form of poaching ‐ almost all had been socialized at an early age with definitions favorable toward this offense by friends and family members. All but two of the night hunters could be described as chronic night hunting recidivists. Besides offering a descriptive account of the behavior, the research benefits and ethical aspects of polygraphing subjects to obtain criminological data are discussed.
Technology, policy, ethics, and public health: a select bibliography

The enclosed bibliography, which includes nearly 400 entries, is organized into two main parts. Part One, consisting of Sections 1 and 2, identifies sources that examine technology and policy issues associated with public health. Among the topics considered in the works cited in Part One are risk assessment, genetic and genomic research, and privacy and confidentiality. Part Two, made up of Sections 3 and 4, includes sources that examine ethical issues in public health. Whereas Section 3 lists sources that consider ethical issues in occupational health and safety as well as in environmental health and ecological sustainability, ethical issues related to professional codes of conduct are considered in sources listed in Section 4. Also listed in Section 4 are selected sources on ethical theory and its application. Although the bibliography is fairly comprehensive, it is by no means intended as an exhaustive work.
To BDI, or not to BDI: design choices in an agent-based traffic flow management simulation

Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) is a powerful agent paradigm that allows for the development of so-called intelligent agents - agents that can reason and act based on their beliefs and intentions. However, this power often comes at the cost of increased computational overhead. We describe our experience using a BDI agent framework for developing a simulation of collaborative air traffic flow management and the efficiency problems we encountered. By using BDI more judiciously in our simulation, we were able to address these issues and greatly reduce the execution time of our simulation. From our successes and failures, we derive several guidelines that may enable other researchers to avoid similar efficiency issues in BDI-based simulations.
Hamiltonian formulation of the linearized perturbation equations for the Vlasov-Einstein system of relativistic stellar dynamics

Abstract Relativistic star clusters are often modeled as static, spherically symmetic solutions to the Vlasov-Einstein system. It is shown here that, for spherical disturbances, the equations for linearized perturbations about such a static equilibrium can be cast into a Hamiltonian form using relativistic analogues of Morrison's bracket for the Vlasov-Poisson system and the energy functional of Lynden-Bell and Sanitt for a linearized perturbation.
Test-Expectancy Influence on Student Learning and Evaluations of Guest Speakers

The practice of using guest speakers in marketing courses is a common method of enriching the learning experience. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of test expectancy with rega...
Identification of Hedgehog signaling inhibitors with relevant human exposure by small molecule screening

Abstract In animal models, chemical disruption of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway during embryonic development causes severe birth defects including holoprosencephaly and cleft lip and palate. The exact etiological basis of correlate human birth defects remains uncertain but is likely multifactorial, involving the interaction of genetic and environmental or chemical influences. The Hh transduction mechanism relies upon endogenous small molecule regulation, conferring remarkable pathway sensitivity to inhibition by a structurally diverse set of exogenous small molecules. Here, we employed small molecule screening to identify human exposure-relevant Hh signaling inhibitors. From a library of 4240 compounds, including pharmaceuticals, natural products, and pesticides, three putative Hh pathway inhibitors were identified: tolnaftate, an antifungal agent; ipriflavone, a dietary supplement; and 17-β-estradiol, a human hormone and pharmaceutical agent. Each compound inhibited Hh signaling in both mouse and human cells. Dose–response assays determined the three compounds to be 8- to 30-fold less potent than the index Hh pathway inhibitor cyclopamine. Despite current limitations in chemical library availability, which narrowed the scope of this study to only a small fraction of all human exposure-relevant small molecules, three structurally diverse environmental Hh signaling inhibitors were identified, highlighting an inherent pathway vulnerability to teratogenic influences.
A two-phase diffuse-interface model for Hele–Shaw flows with large property contrasts

Abstract A novel two-phase diffuse-interface model is used to simulate flows inside a Hele–Shaw cell. The model assumes that the two phases coexist inside the diffuse interface, with different velocities and properties. A separate equation is used to calculate the slip velocity between the two phases inside the diffuse interface. It is shown that for one-dimensional flows parallel to the diffuse interface, the results are independent of the diffuse-interface width, regardless of the magnitude of the density and viscosity contrasts between the phases. This two-phase approach is coupled with a phase-field equation for calculating the interface motion. The model is applied to a buoyancy-driven two-phase flow involving a Rayleigh–Taylor instability and validated through a comparison with available sharp-interface results. The flows and interface topology changes are investigated for large density and viscosity contrasts between the phases. The convergence of the results with respect to the interface width is examined in detail. It is shown that the two-phase model converges better than a standard diffuse-interface model that assumes the presence of a single velocity inside the diffuse interface. Remaining interface width dependencies can be attributed to the capillary stress term in the momentum equation.
Kirschvink receives 2011 William Gilbert Award: Response

Joseph Kirschvink received the William Gilbert Award at the 2011 AGU Fall Meeting, held 5–9 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes outstanding and unselfish work in magnetism of Earth materials and of the Earth and planets.
An SOI voltage-controlled bipolar-MOS device

This paper describes a new operation mode of the SOI MOSFET. Connecting the floating substrate to the gate in a short-channel SOI MOSFET allows lateral bipolar current to be added to the MOS channel current and thereby enhances the current drive capability of the device. Part of the bipolar current emitted by the source terminal merges into the channel before reaching the drain, which renders the base width substantially shorter than the gate length. This novel operating mode of a short-channel SOI transistor is particularly attractive for high-speed operation, since the device is capable of both reduced voltage swing operation and high current drive, n-p-n and p-n-p devices, as well as complementary inverters have been successfully fabricated.
Structural color and its interaction with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders

Structural color is produced when nanostructures called schemochromes alter light reflected from a surface through different optic principles, in contrast with other types of colors that are produced when pigments selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light. Research on biogenic photonic nanostructures has focused primarily on bird feathers, butterfly wings and beetle elytra, ignoring other diverse groups such as spiders. We argue that spiders are a good model system to study the functions and evolution of colors in nature for the following reasons. First, these colors clearly function in spiders such as the tarantulas outside of sexual selection, which is likely the dominant driver of the evolution of structural colors in birds and butterflies. Second, within more than 44,000 currently known spider species, colors are used in every possible way based on the same sets of relatively simple materials. Using spiders, we can study how colors evolve to serve different functions under a variety of combinations of driving forces, and how those colors are produced within a relatively simple system. Here, we first review the different color-producing materials and mechanisms (i.e., light absorbing, reflecting and emitting) in birds, butterflies and beetles, the interactions between these different elements, and the functions of colors in different organisms. We then summarize the current state of knowledge of spider colors and compare it with that of birds and insects. We then raise questions including: 1. Could spiders use fluorescence as a mechanism to protect themselves from UV radiation, if they do not have the biosynthetic pathways to produce melanins? 2. What functions could color serve for nearly blind tarantulas? 3. Why are only multilayer nanostructures (thus far) found in spiders, while birds and butterflies use many diverse nanostructures? And, does this limit the diversity of structural colors found in spiders? Answering any of these questions in the future will bring spiders to the forefront of the study of structural colors in nature.
PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy: promise, progress, and puzzles.

A recent article in the New England Journal of Medicine by O'Shaughnessy et al. provides evidence that a treatment strategy aimed at inducing DNA damage with chemotherapy while simultaneously disabling repair using a PARP inhibitor might offer hope for patients with a treatment-refractory form of breast cancer.
Perceptions of the Police: The Influence of Individual and Contextual Factors in a Racially Diverse Urban Sample

People of color commonly hold more negative attitudes toward the police than do Whites. Research in this area, however, generally examines the views of African Americans, Whites, and, more recently, Hispanics. The present study contributes to this literature by exploring perceptions of the police across a sample of African American, Hispanic, Asian, and White respondents. Multivariate analysis is used to test several hypotheses linking perceptions of law enforcement to neighborhood disorder, victimization, contact with the police, and gender. The influence of cultural history on attitudes toward authority and the implications for crime control policies are discussed.
Racial disparities in survival among patients with germ cell tumors of the ovary--United States.

Abstract Objective(s) To compare the survival of African American (AA) and white (W) patients with malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary (OGCT). Methods Patients with a diagnosis of OGCT were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) from 1988 to 2004, and were divided into African American (AA) and white (W) subgroups. Only surgically treated patients were included. Histology was grouped into dysgerminoma (D), malignant teratoma (MT), and mixed germ cell tumors with pure non-dysgerminoma cell tumors (MGCT/PNDCT). Statistical analysis using Chi-square, Fisher's Exact Test, Kaplan–Meier survival methods, and Cox regression proportional hazards were performed. Results In 1110 patients with OGCT, 970 (87.4%) were W and 140 (12.6%) were AA. MGCT/PNDCT histology was equally represented in AA and W. However, W were twice as likely to present with D (W 34% vs. AA 16%, p less likely to present with MT (W 41% vs. AA 59%, p p >0.05). Complete surgical staging effort was utilized more frequently in W (49%) as compared to AA (38%; p =0.001). Overall 5-year survival was 92% for W and 86% for AA ( p =0.02). In multivariate analysis race was not an independent predictor of survival when histology, stage and surgical staging were controlled. Conclusion(s) In our study, a higher prevalence of complete surgical staging and a favorable distribution of low risk histologic types may explain the improved survival observed in white patients with OGCT. However, race was not an independent predictor of survival.
Black Conservative/White Conservative: Prospects for Electoral Convergence

The recent rise of a prosperous Black middle class on the one hand and the continued salience of religious conservatism among many Black citizens on the other means that significant percentages of African Americans share both interests and values with White conservatives who vote Republican. In this study, using a decade's worth of survey data from Nashville, Tennessee, African Americans are found to have given only about ten percent of their votes to Republican candidates for president and governor. Those African Americans who did vote Republican were moved to do so by political values: they believed that individuals, not the government, should be responsible for solving social problems. Neither upper-middle-class standing nor religious conservatism, both prominent features of Southern Republicanism, moved Blacks to vote Republican.
From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: Recommendations for screening for hepatitis B infection prior to initiating anti–tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitors or other immunosuppressive agents in patients with psoriasis

Background No consensus exists regarding the optimal laboratory screening for hepatitis B infection that should be performed before initiating therapy with tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitors or other immunosuppressive agents. Objective We sought to give guidelines on which tests to order for hepatitis B screening. Methods We review the pathophysiology and serology of hepatitis B infection and provide recommendations for screening for hepatitis B infection in patients with psoriasis before beginning anti–tumor necrosis factor-alfa therapy or other immunosuppressive agents. Results We propose the standardized use of triple serology testing: hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, and hepatitis B core antibody in combination with liver function tests as screening. Limitations Conclusions based on review of available literature is a limitation. Conclusions All patients with psoriasis who are candidates for tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitor should undergo screening for hepatitis B virus infection using the triple serology: hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, and hepatitis B core antibody. It is advisable that patients, who are candidates for ustekinumab, cyclosporine, or methotrexate undergo the same screening.
Hybrid content addressable memory MSD arithmetic

The modified signed-digit (MSD) number system, because of its inherent weak interdigit dependance, has been suggested as a useful means for a fast and parallel digital arithmetic. To maintain a fast processing speed, a single-stage holographic optical content-addressable memory (CAM) based MSD algorithm was suggested. In this paper, a novel non-holographic opto-electronic CAM based fast MSD addition processing architecture is proposed. The proposed concept has been verified with our first-order proof-of-principle experiments. A figure of merit comparison of this and other existing approaches is also presented. Based on this key opto-electronic CAM element, implementation of more sophisticated I'VISD arithmetic, such as optical MSD subtraction and multiplication operations, are proposed.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dual pressure transducer catheter for evaluating vesicourethral function: experiences in patients with neurogenic bladder.

Abstract Preliminary experiences with a dual pressure transducer catheter (7F) for the functional vesicourethral evaluation are described. Synchronous cystosphincterometric recording, urethral pressure profile with simultaneous intravesical pressure, and pressure gradient across urethral sphincter were obtained. Comparison of the studies with those conducted with catheter infusion technique revealed that minimal artefacts were encountered with the former although the pressure events displayed by the two methods were grossly similar.
A Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody That Recognizes a Conserved, Novel Epitope on the Globular Head of the Influenza H1N1 Virus Hemagglutinin

The conserved influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) stem domain elicits cross-reactive antibodies, but epitopes in the globular head typically elicit strain-specific responses because of the hypervariability of this region. We isolated human monoclonal antibody 5J8, which neutralized a broad spectrum of 20th century H1N1 viruses and the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Fine mapping of the interaction unexpectedly revealed a novel epitope between the receptor-binding pocket and the Ca₂ antigenic site on HA. This antibody exposes a new mechanism underlying broad immunity against H1N1 influenza viruses and identifies a conserved epitope that might be incorporated into engineered H1 virus vaccines.
Flame structure in a swirl stabilized combustor inferred by radiant emission measurements

Results of measurements of time-averaged chemiluminescent emissions from CH, OH, and CO2 and of Na tracer emissions along lateral lines-of-sight through a cylindrical premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor are reported. Assuming axial symmetry and small optical depth, raw data are inverted to obtain local emission levels from these species as a function of radius. The chemiluminescent emissions are interpreted as signatures of chemical reaction and used in determining the regions of reactions and heat release in the combustor. The data are compared with composition and velocity data obtained in the combustor for identical operating conditions. The results demonstrate that reaction occurs in a relatively narrow, turbulent flame-like combustion zone which begins upstream of the time-averaged location of the swirl-induced recirculation zone and propagates around and laterally away from the recirculation zone into the unburned gas.
Simulating midday all-slope surface temperatures along a climatic-latitudinal transect during cloudless summer conditions

Two physically-models of solar radiation transmission and of a steady-state slope energy budget have been coupled. Using climatic observational inputs, averaged in 10-deg latitude bands, a systematic examination was made of changing surface temperatures and differences between surface and air temperatures as functions of varying slope angles (0 to 90 deg) and orientations (south-, west-, and north-facing). Along a latitudinal transect of the east coast of the Americas (northern hemisphere), two contrasting landscapes were examined: barren and grassy. No simple relationship was discovered among the factors regarding shortwave and longwave radiative absorption, components of the energy budget, and surface temperature trends, yet the response of temperatures on a latitudinal basis was systematic and orderly. Characteristically, a great diversity existed among surface temperatures of different slopes and orientations at any particular latitude. Such diversity was accentuated in the higher latitudes. The findings were assumed general enough to encompass most of the possible contrasts encountered in a real-world north-south transect.
Association of Avenanthramide Concentration in Oat (Avena sativa L.) Grain with Crown Rust Incidence and Genetic Resistance

ABSTRACT Avenanthramides (avn) are antioxidant compounds found in oat tissues, including the grain, that are of interest from a nutritional standpoint. In this study, we have measured avenanthramide concentration in the grain of 18 oat genotypes grown in six environments. These genotypes varied widely in crown rust (Puccinia coronata) resistance. Crown rust infected two of the six environments studied. The grain avenanthramide concentrations in the crown rust environments were significantly higher than those in the uninfected environments. Avenanthramide concentrations in the crown rust infected environments was also significantly correlated with their genetic crown rust resistance, as evaluated in the field. These results suggest that avenanthramide accumulation in the grain is associated with crown rust infection and that, in most of the cultivars evaluated, the extent of their accumulation also correlated with their genetic disease resistance; avenanthramide accumulation in the grain was, with noted ex...
DSMCast: a scalable approach for DiffServ multicasting

One of the dominant questions facing the Internet today is, how can the network meet the needs of the users and their applications Quality of Service (QoS) while trying to keep such implementations scalable to the billions of users present on the Internet? Two of the emerging technologies for answering this question are Differentiated Services (DiffServ) and multicasting. Although both are complementary technologies, the integration of the two technologies is a non-trivial task due to architectural conflicts between multicasting and DiffServ. In this paper, we first investigate viable approaches for DiffServ multicasting and then propose an efficient approach, called DSMCast, for multicasting across an individual DiffServ domain that is scalable in terms of group size, network size, and number of groups. In addition, we propose a protocol for member join/leave and detail our protocol for both Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) and traditional IP multicasting. Finally, we present simulation studies of the DSMCast architecture comparing it with alternate approaches and offer conclusions regarding our work.
Studying the effect on system preference by varying coproduct allocation in creating life-cycle inventory.

How one models the input and output data for a life-cycle assessment (LCA) can greatly affect the results. Although much attention has been paid to allocation methodology by researchers in the field, specific guidance is still lacking. Earlier research focused on the effects of applying various allocation schemes to industrial processes when creating life-cycle inventories. To determine the impact of different allocation approaches upon product choice, this study evaluated the gas- and water-phase emissions during the production, distribution, and use of three hypothetical fuel systems (data that represent conventional gasoline and gasoline with 8.7 and 85% ethanol were used as the basis for modeling). This paper presents an explanation of the allocation issue and the results from testing various allocation schemes (weight, volume, market value, energy, and demand-based) when viewed across the entire system. Impact indicators for global warming, ozone depletion, and human health noncancer (water impact) w...
Sliding Wear of an Al Alloy SiC Whisker Composite

The tribological properties of a well-studied powder metallurgy metal-matrix composite, i.e., 20 volume percent SiC whiskers in 2124-T6 Al alloy matrix, were measured for the three principal orthogonal orientations under dry and lubricated sliding contacts. The sliding wear mechanisms were identified through analyses of wear tracks and subsurface microstructure by scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results for sliding wear of this 2124 Al-SiC whisker composite indicate a much higher wear when dry than when lubricated, and a strong wear anistropy, which is correlated with the ureal fraction of SiC whiskers on the wear plane. SEM and TEM analyses show direct evidence of adhesive wear through plastic deformation for dry sliding and abrasive wear through plowing and polishing for lubricated sliding. Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia May 1–4, 1989
A monolithic subscriber line interface

A MONOLITHIC subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) for use in PABX or CO applications, recently fabricated with 80V dielectric isolation technology, will be described. The SLIC provides battery feed with power denial control and loop current limiting, overvoltage protection (with some external devices), ringing control, line supervision with offhook, ring trip and ground key detection and 214 wire conversion. In addition, an uncommitted opamp is included for external connection of a balance network.
Temporal and ethnic decompositions of homeownership rates: Synthetic cohorts across five censuses

Abstract We perform probit-based Oaxaca–Fairlie decompositions of the change in ownership rates for four ethnic groups and three age groups over five censuses, and then construct second-order decompositions of the white/non-white differentials. There is substantial heterogeneity in how Hispanic, Asian and Black households of various age cohorts converge to and diverge from their white counterparts with respect to homeownership.
Explorer XII Observations of Magnetic Sudden Impulses in the Earth's Magnetosphere

THE successful operation of the flux-gate magnetometer on board. Explorer XII (launched on August 16, 1961) made possible the undertaking of a correlation investigation of geomagnetic field observations of ground-based magnetometers with the satellite observations at (geocentric) altitudes ranging from about three to thirteen Earth radii (RE). The Explorer XII magnetometer recorded the field approximately three times per second. Satellite data (points) discussed here have been obtained by averaging over 10 sec. Errors in the averages are estimated less than ± 7γ. Presented here are two examples of Explorer XII magnetic records around the times of world-wide sudden impulses on the ground.
Variables Related to Resistance to Desegregation in the South

Several theories of the causes of discrimination and resistance to interracial change are examined. The proportion of nonwhites in the state and the social class composition of nonwhites are found to be highly related to desegregation in southern states. The income of whites and indices of urbanization and industrialization show only a moderate relationship to desegregation, and education and occupational status of whites are slightly inversely related to
Remembrance of things PAS: regulation of development by bHLH–PAS proteins

Strange fits of passion I have knownellipsis (W Wordsworth, 'Strange fits of passion'.) bHLH-PAS proteins are regulators of developmental and physiological events that are well conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. Recent studies using mouse knockouts of bHLH-PAS genes have provided novel insight into the roles of hypoxia inducible factors in controlling oxygen-regulated development and homeostasis, and the role of Single-minded-1 in regulating development and transcription in the hypothalamus. The Drosophila spineless and vertebrate Aryl hydrocarbon receptor bHLH-PAS orthologs both function in chemosensory processes, but in fundamentally different ways. Spineless controls antennal, limb, and sensory cell development, whereas the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates the response to toxin metabolism. Structural analyses of the PAS domain provide insight into how this interaction domain can act as ligand-binding environmental sensor and signal transducer.
CONGENITAL ALVEOLAR CAPILLARY DYSPLASIA: A Developmental Vascular Anomaly Causing Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

The clinical course and histologic findings are presented of an infant with an unusual form of pulmonary dysplasia. Characteristic sonographic findings and progressive hypoxemia led to the diagnosis of persistence of the fetal circulation. The patient expired despite ventilatory and pharmacologic intervention. Postmortem findings of severe pulmonary capillary hypoplasia, despite normal anatomical and biochemical parenchymal maturation, were observed. It is suggested that factors controlling pulmonary capillary maturation may be significantly different from those involved in airway and pulmonary parenchymal development.
Portal blood insulin and metabolite changes with spontaneous feeding in steers.

Abstract Four Holstein steers surgically prepared with a device for sampling blood from the portal vein were used to study changes in metabolites and insulin of portal blood associated with spontaneous meal feeding. The animals were fed a complete mixed ration (3.4 kcal/g digestible energy) in individual, electronically controlled feeding units. Blood was sampled before, during, and after meals. During the meal, blood samples were at 2-min intervals. Blood was sampled at 50 individual meals. Average meal length was 15.0min and average consumption per meal was 631.7g. Portal insulin increased within 2min of meal initiation and remained elevated for the first 14min of meals. Free fatty acids also increased at 8, 10, 12, 16, and 18min after meal initiation. There were no consistent changes in packed cell volume, glucose, β -hydroxybutyrate, or volatile fatty acids during this time. On control days when no feed was consumed, there were no significant changes in concentrations of metabolites or insulin. The increase in insulin of portal blood, which occurs upon meal initiation, preceded changes in metabolites. Therefore, the rapid change in insulin may be the result of a reflex neural stimulation rather than the result of a metabolite stimulating release of insulin.
A scalable approach to attack graph generation

Attack graphs are important tools for analyzing security vulnerabilities in enterprise networks. Previous work on attack graphs has not provided an account of the scalability of the graph generating process, and there is often a lack of logical formalism in the representation of attack graphs, which results in the attack graph being difficult to use and understand by human beings. Pioneer work by Sheyner, et al. is the first attack-graph tool based on formal logical techniques, namely model-checking. However, when applied to moderate-sized networks, Sheyner's tool encountered a significant exponential explosion problem. This paper describes a new approach to represent and generate attack graphs. We propose logical attack graphs, which directly illustrate logical dependencies among attack goals and configuration information. A logical attack graph always has size polynomial to the network being analyzed. Our attack graph generation tool builds upon MulVAL, a network security analyzer based on logical programming. We demonstrate how to produce a derivation trace in the MulVAL logic-programming engine, and how to use the trace to generate a logical attack graph in quadratic time. We show experimental evidence that our logical attack graph generation algorithm is very efficient. We have generated logical attack graphs for fully connected networks of 1000 machines using a Pentium 4 CPU with 1GB of RAM.
Characteristics of Arctic winter sea ice from satellite multispectral microwave observations

A coplanarity test using three scanning multichannel microwave radiometer channels shows the potential as well as the limitation of the sensor in discriminating different ice types. However, the capability for accurate determination of sea ice concentration, especially in the central Arctic, is evident from scatter plots of the emissivities using the two polarizations at 37 GHz. The consolidated ice data in the central Arctic form a very compact and linear set of points in these plots, and they slope the same way throughout the winter of 1979 and in other years (1980-1984). An ice concentration algorithm based on the utilization of this slope (about 1.03) is developed that yields retrieved values with an accuracy of about 5 percent in the central Arctic and 10 percent in the seasonal sea ice region. The total areal ice extent and actual ice cover were also derived from ice concentration retrieved by using the algorithm, and the results from several years of midwinter data show a relatively stable ice cover in the northern hemisphere.