cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catalytic assessment of the glycine-rich loop of the v-Fps oncoprotein using site-directed mutagenesis.

The three glycine residues in the glycine-rich loop of the oncoprotein, v-Fps, were mutated to determine the function of these highly conserved residues in catalysis. The kinase domains of six mutants (G928A,S, G930A,S, and G933A,S) and the wild-type enzyme were expressed and purified as fusion proteins of glutathione-S-transferase in Escherichia coli, and their catalytic properties were assessed using steady-state kinetic, inhibition, viscosity and autophosphorylation studies. Although both G928A and G930A had no detectable activity toward the substrate peptide (EAEIYEAIE), the other mutants had apparent, but varying activities. G930S lowered the rate of phosphoryl transfer by 130-fold while G928S and G933S had smaller (6−9-fold) reductions in this step. These effects on catalytic function parallel the reductions in turnover and autophosphorylation but, for G933S and G933A, net product release is still rate limiting at saturating substrate and ATP concentrations. On the basis of KI measurements, the effe...
Pathogenesis Of Measles Virus Infection: An Hypothesis For Altered Immune Responses

Measles virus causes a severe systemic illness. The rash occurs simultaneously with the onset of the effector phase of the antiviral immune response and substantial evidence of immune activation. This immune response is effective in clearing virus and in establishing long-term resistance to reinfection but is associated with immune suppression, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. This apparent paradox may be explained in part by preferential long-term activation of type 2 CD4+ T cells by measles virus infection. Preferential stimulation of type 1 CD4+ T cells by inactivated virus vaccines is hypothesized to play a role in subsequent development of atypical measles.
Eating disorder symptomatology and substance use disorders: prevalence and shared risk in a population based twin sample.

Objective: Research shows a significant association between eating disorders (ED) and substance use disorders (SUD). The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence, chronology, and possibility of shared familial risk between SUD and ED symptomatology. Method: Subjects included 1,206 monozygotic and 877 dizygotic adult female twins. ED symptomatology included anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis, symptoms associated with diagnostic criteria, and BN symptom count. SUD included alcohol, illicit drug, and caffeine abuse/dependence. Generalized estimated equation modeling was used to examine phenotypic associations, and Choleksy decompositions were used to delineate the contribution of genes and environment to comorbidity. Results: There were no significant differences between SUD prevalence in women with AN and BN. Women with BN reported BN preceded SUD development while the reverse was true for AN. Twin analyses showed possible familial overlap between BN symptomatology and all SUD examined. Discussion: Results suggest an important difference in the chronology of EDs and SUDs. Women with BN may be turning to substances to dampen bulimic urges. Women with AN may be engaging in substance use initially in an effort to lose weight. Results also suggest familial factors contribute to the comorbidity between BN and SUD. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010;)
Tonal prisms: iterated quantization in chromatic tonality and Ravel's ‘Ondine’

The mathematics of second-order maximal evenness has far-reaching potential for application in music analysis. One of its assets is its foundation in an inherently continuous conception of pitch, a feature it shares with voice-leading geometries. This paper reformulates second-order maximal evenness as iterated quantization in voice-leading spaces, discusses the implications of viewing diatonic triads as second-order maximally even sets for the understanding of nineteenth-century modulatory schemes, and applies a second-order maximally even derivation of acoustic collections in an in-depth analysis of Ravel's ‘Ondine’. In the interaction between these two very different applications, the paper generalizes the concepts and analytical methods associated with iterated quantization and also pursues a broader argument about the mutual dependence of mathematical music theory and music analysis.
The Gln-Arg 191 polymorphism of the human paraoxonase gene is not associated with the risk of coronary artery disease among Chinese in Taiwan

Abstract Paraoxonase (PON1) is a high density lipoprotein-associated enzyme capable of hydrolyzing lipid peroxides, and thus, might protect lipoproteins from oxidation. A common polymorphism due to an amino acid substitution (Gln–Arg) at codon 191 is considered to be a major determinant of variation in serum PON1 activity. Recent studies have suggested that the PON1-191 polymorphism is an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in patients with or without diabetes mellitus. The association of PON1-191 polymorphism genotypes and coronary artery disease (CAD) among Chinese subjects in Taiwan was examined. The genotype of 218 angiographically documented CAD patients and the same number of age- and sex-matched control subjects was determined. Genotypes AA, AB and BB were present in 25 (11%), 102 (47%) and 91 (42%) of control subjects, respectively, and in 30 (14%), 96 (44%) and 92 (42%) of CAD patients, respectively ( χ 2 =0.57, P =0.75 between groups). The frequency of the A allele was 0.36 for the control group and 0.35 for CAD patients ( P =0.94). No significant differences in the PON1-191 genotype frequencies could be found between groups when multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, or different subgroups of age, sex or risk factors were analyzed. Among control subjects, there was also no significant difference between genotypes of the PON1-191 polymorphism and various clinical and lipid variables. In conclusion, our data suggest that there is no association between the Gln–Arg 191 polymorphism of the human PON1 gene and CAD among Chinese subjects in Taiwan.
Testing a Theory of Sense of Community and Community Responsibility in Non-Profit Organizations

This paper attempts to advance our understanding of the experience of community in a non-profit setting by empirically testing a theory of sense of community responsibility (SOC-R) in relation to t...
Infarct sizing with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate scintigraphy in dogs and man; relationship between scintigraphic and praecordial mapping estimates of infarct size in patients

The present study was performed in order to evaluate the ability of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) myocardial scintigrams to size infarcts in experimental animals and man. In 10 dogs with proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and acute anterior myocardial infarcts, there was a significant correlation between scintigraphic infarct size and histological infarct weight (P less than 0.01). In 25 patients with acute anterior or anterolateral myocardial infarcts, there was a significant correlation between relatively large infarct size determined scintigraphically and the acute development of left ventricular failure. There was some overlap, however, in 99mTc-PYP scintigraphic infarct size between patients who did and did not develop left ventricular failure with infarction. Presumably this is explained by some patients having had earlier myocardial damage and thus developing left ventricular failure with relatively small new infarcts. There was also a statistically significant, but weak, correlation in patients between scintigraphic infarct size and precordial ST segment mapping including peak ST segment elevation (P less than 0.05) and the number of praecordial sites with ST segment elevation equal to or greater than 2 mm (P less than 0.01). The data suggest that 99mTc-PYP scintigrams and praecordial mapping measure some similar but some dissimilar aspects of infarct size in patients, and that 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy does size acute anterior and anterolateral infarcts in experimental animals and patients.
Age-Dependent Reductions in the Level of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in the Prefrontal Cortex in Major Depression

The density of glial cells is reduced in certain layers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder (MDD). Moreover, there are reductions in the packing density of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive astrocytes in the same cortical layers in younger subjects with MDD. The objective of the present study was to test if the level of GFAP is preferentially decreased in younger subjects with MDD, and whether GFAP levels are correlated with the age of onset of depression. Post-mortem brain tissue punches from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were collected from 15 subjects with MDD and 15 age-matched psychiatrically normal control subjects. Western blots were performed on gels containing duplicated samples from both subjects of each matched pair, and on gels containing samples at different ages from either the MDD or the control group. The GFAP level was calculated as the ratio of the optical density of GFAP bands to actin bands in subjects with MDD and nonpsychiatric controls. Levels of GFAP were significantly lower in subjects with MDD as compared to controls and this decrease was most prominent in subjects less than 60 years old at the time of death. In the MDD group, GFAP levels were positively correlated with age at the time of death and show a trend toward correlation with the age of onset of depression. These findings indicate that a decrease in levels of GFAP may contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD, particularly in subjects of relatively young age.
Structure-property relationships of fluorinated donor/acceptor tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzenes and bis(dehydrobenzoannuleno)benzenes.

Nine new bisdonor/bisacceptor-functionalized tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene (TPEB) and six new bis(dehydrobenzoannuleno)benzene (DBA) chromophores have been synthesized. The compounds consist of electron-donating dibutylaniline groups connected through a conjugated phenyl−acetylene scaffold to benzotrifluoride, bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, or pentafluorophenyl acceptor groups. In comparison to previously reported analogues utilizing nitrophenyl or benzonitrile acceptor groups, the weaker acceptor groups exhibit visibly fluorescent intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) behavior, moderately narrow optical band gaps, moderately high quantum yields, and strong fluorescence solvatochromism. In this series of molecules, the strongly inductive fluoro acceptor groups result in optical properties similar to the resonance acceptor analogues, making them promising candidates for optical materials device components. The data also support recent investigations that question the utility of using UV/vis spectroscopy alone...
Denoising and the active warden

Steganalysis is the art and science of detecting hidden information. Within steganalysis there are two fundamentally different methods of defeating steganography, known as the passive and active wardens. Within the context of steganography, the most commonly researched area is the passive warden. The passive warden analyzes all messages with the intent of detecting the presence of steganography. The active warden modifies messages with the intent of destroying steganography. The active warden is an equally challenging topic, given the need for the removal of steganography to remain secret. In this paper we present the problem of the active warden and explore the application of various denoising techniques in a study in defeating steganography through active methods.
Greatly reduced bioavailability and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Hyalella azteca in sediments from manufactured‐gas plant sites

The toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Hyalella azteca, was measured in 34 sediment samples collected from four manufactured-gas plant (MGP) sites ranging in total PAH16 (sum of 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant PAHs) concentrations from 4 to 5,700 mg/kg, total organic carbon content from 0.6 to 11%, and soot carbon from 0.2 to 5.1%. The survival and growth of H. azteca in 28-d bioassays were unrelated to total PAH concentration, with 100% survival in one sediment having 1,730 mg/kg total PAH16, whereas no survival was observed in sediment samples with concentrations as low as 54 mg/kg total PAH16. Twenty-five of the 34 sediment samples exceeded the probable effects concentration screening value of 22.8 mg/kg total PAH13 (sum of 13 PAHs) and equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks for PAH mixtures (on the basis of the measurement of 18 parent PAHs and 16 groups of alkylated PAHs, [PAH34]); yet, 19 (76%) of the 25 samples predicted to be toxic were not toxic to H. azteca. However, the toxicity of PAHs to H. azteca was accurately predicted when either the rapidly released concentrations as determined by mild supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) or the pore-water concentrations were used to establish the bioavailability of PAHs. These results demonstrate that the PAHs present in many sediments collected from MGP sites have low bioavailability and that both the measurement of the rapidly released PAH concentrations with mild SFE and the dissolved pore-water concentrations of PAHs are useful tools for estimating chronic toxicity to H. azteca.
CPEB3 and CPEB4 in neurons: analysis of RNA‐binding specificity and translational control of AMPA receptor GluR2 mRNA

CPEB is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that promotes polyadenylation-induced translation in oocytes and neurons. Vertebrates contain three additional genes that encode CPEB-like proteins, all of which are expressed in the brain. Here, we use SELEX, RNA structure probing, and RNA footprinting to show that CPEB and the CPEB-like proteins interact with different RNA sequences and thus constitute different classes of RNA-binding proteins. In transfected neurons, CPEB3 represses the translation of a reporter RNA in tethered function assays; in response to NMDA receptor activation, translation is stimulated. In contrast to CPEB, CPEB3-mediated translation is unlikely to involve cytoplasmic polyadenylation, as it requires neither the cis-acting AAUAAA nor the trans-acting cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, both of which are necessary for CPEB-induced polyadenylation. One target of CPEB3-mediated translation is GluR2 mRNA; not only does CPEB3 bind this RNA in vitro and in vivo, but an RNAi knockdown of CPEB3 in neurons results in elevated levels of GluR2 protein. These results indicate that CPEB3 is a sequence-specific translational regulatory protein.
Staphylococcus aureus IsdB Is a Hemoglobin Receptor Required for Heme Iron Utilization

The pathogenesis of human infections caused by the gram-positive microbe Staphylococcus aureus has been previously shown to be reliant on the acquisition of iron from host hemoproteins. The iron-regulated surface determinant system (Isd) encodes a heme transport apparatus containing three cell wall-anchored proteins (IsdA, IsdB, and IsdH) that are exposed on the staphylococcal surface and hence have the potential to interact with human hemoproteins. Here we report that S. aureus can utilize the host hemoproteins hemoglobin and myoglobin, but not hemopexin, as iron sources for bacterial growth. We demonstrate that staphylococci capture hemoglobin on the bacterial surface via IsdB and that inactivation of isdB, but not isdA or isdH, significantly decreases hemoglobin binding to the staphylococcal cell wall and impairs the ability of S. aureus to utilize hemoglobin as an iron source. Stable-isotope-tracking experiments revealed removal of heme iron from hemoglobin and transport of this compound into staphylococci. Importantly, mutants lacking isdB, but not isdH, display a reduction in virulence in a murine model of abscess formation. Thus, IsdB-mediated scavenging of iron from hemoglobin represents an important virulence strategy for S. aureus replication in host tissues and for the establishment of persistent staphylococcal infections.
Reliability of Girder Bridges

Bridge load and resistance parameters involve a considerable degree of uncertainty. Therefore, the reliability analysis can be used to quantify the risk. There has been a considerable research activity in the area of structural reliability in the last two decades. There are methods available for calculation of the probability of failure for components of buildings, bridges and other structures. They are summarized in several books (e.g. Thoft-Christensen and Baker 1982; Ang and Tang 1986; Madsen, Krenk and Lind 1986; Melchers 1987). For given statistical models of loads and resistance the available methodology provides accurate results. Structural safety was evaluated for bridge components (e.g. Nowak and Grouni 1990).
Leaf and root pectin methylesterase activity and 13C/12C stable isotopic ratio measurements of methanol emissions give insight into methanol production in Lycopersicon esculentum.

Summary • Plant production of methanol (MeOH) is a poorly understood aspect of metabolism, and understanding MeOH production in plants is crucial for modeling MeOH emissions. Here, we have examined the source of MeOH emissions from mature and immature leaves and whether pectin methylesterase (PME) activity is a good predictor of MeOH emission. We also investigated the significance of belowground MeOH production for mature leaf emissions. • We present measurements of MeOH emission, PME activity, and MeOH concentration in mature and immature tissues of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). We also present stable carbon isotopic signatures of MeOH emission and the pectin methoxyl pool. • Our results suggest that below-ground MeOH production was not the dominant contributor to daytime MeOH emissions from mature and immature leaves. Stable carbon isotopic signatures of mature and immature leaf MeOH were similar, suggesting that they were derived from the same pathway. Foliar PME activity was related to MeOH flux, but unexplained variance suggested PME activity could not predict emissions. • The data show that MeOH production and emission are complex and cannot be predicted using PME activity alone. We hypothesize that substrate limitation of MeOH synthesis and MeOH catabolism may be important regulators of MeOH emission.
Managing occupational exposures to HIV-1 in the healthcare workplace.

Managing occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the healthcare workplace remains both controversial and complex. Healthcare workers' perceptions of risk for occupational transmission of HIV-1, their knowledge of risk-reduction strategies, and their perceptions about appropriate postexposure management are all derived from an intricate interplay of scientific, political, social, and emotional sources. Following an occupational exposure to blood or blood-containing body fluids, a healthcare worker's immediate emotional response may be extreme gut-wrenching anxiety, with perceptions often biased by ignorance, uncertainty, and fear. The healthcare worker's postinjury emotional and psychological stress can be extraordinary; postinjury therapy, of necessity, must integrate medical, physical, psychological, and psychosocial aspects of care. Clinical decisions regarding HIV-1 injury management, therefore, are based not only on available scientific and medical information but also on measured actions designed to manage and presumably to diminish the profound anxiety almost invariably associated with an occupational exposure to HIV-1. In stark contrast to this common and extreme emotional reaction, the likelihood of disease transmission from such occupational exposures is relatively small.1 In this article, we will discuss a series of questions and issues typically encountered when a healthcare worker sustains an occupational exposure to HIV-1.
Syringoma of the moustache area

Syringomas are benign tumors of the eccrine ducts that appear as small skin-colored or yellow papules. They usually occur in the periorbital area, but have also been found on the scalp, forehead, cheeks, axillae, abdomen, extremities, genitalia, and buttocks. We describe a patient with an unusual presentation of syringomas on the moustache area.
Air pollution accountability and compliance tracking system (A-PACT system)

Aircraft produce emissions and pollution harmful to humans and the environment. Though aircraft are only responsible for a small percentage of transportation industry emissions, higher concentrations of air traffic at lower altitudes around major airports cause increased local pollution levels. Current monitoring systems in place provide no accountability for emissions.
Statistical methods in manufacturing

The application of design of experiments in manufacturing has been proposed and developed by Genichi Taguchi for quality improvement. An automated design of experiment package (ADOE) has been developed for this purpose. The scope and application of ADOE in manufacturing development and research, particularly for high technology industries are described. This package differs from other available packages in that it deals with both classical and Taguchi methods for quality improvements. Experimental data can be analyzed in several alternative ways, including graphical techniques. The extension of Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio has been made for experiments, with several responses having different performance objectives. The package allows the engineer to bypass analysis, if so desired, for obtaining decisions for process optimization. >
Prostaglandin and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition: Effects on Blood Pressure, Renin Activity and Renal Function in Hemorrhaged Conscious Rabbits

The interaction of the prostaglandin and renin-angiotensin systems on blood pressure and renal function was studied in conscious rabbits following mild (6 ml/kg) or moderate (15 ml/kg) hemorrhage. One hour following the injection of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin (Indo) plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly lower than the values in control animals. Two hours following hemorrhage, the increase in PRA was very similar in the Indo and control animals. Renal plasma flow (RPF) was not affected by Indo. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly lower in the Indo group following moderate hemorrhage. Interruption of the renin-angiotensin system with the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI), captopril, resulted in similar hypotensive responses in the Indo and non-Indo groups. The marked PRA increase induced by this agent also was not influenced by Indo. The CEI increased RPF and decreased renal vascular resistance (RVR) in the mild hemorrhage animals. However, in the moderate hem...
CORRELATES OF CONDOM USE AMONG CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS IN HUNAN PROVINCE

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to test an integrated model of condom use with a sample of 490 sexually active Chinese college students. A number of variables in the integrated model were predictors of condom use, explaining 33.4% of the variance in use. Partner communication was the strongest predictors (β = .317, SE = .038, p < .001). Self-efficacy (β = .252, SE = .076, p < .001), positive attitudes (β = .150, SE = .060, p < .001), and social norms (β = .207, SE = .080, p < .001) were also significant predictors of condom use. Additionally, peer communication marginally significantly predicted condom use (β = .089, SE = .039, p = .055). This study provides evidence of the utility of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as an effective underlying theoretical framework for HIV prevention and safe sex intervention programs in a non-Western culture. The study also provides evidence that communication with sexual partners about condom use should be one of the most important factors to ...
Partial melt in the lowermost mantle near the base of a plume

SUMMARY Precursors to the seismic core phase PKP have long been used to study small-scale heterogeneities at the base of the mantle. They are preferred to PKP coda waves (post-cursors) because the latter are more biased by shallow structure, and so are cruder probes of the deep Earth. In this work, however, we present an array-based analysis of PKP coda waves that provides a unique opportunity to image small-scale structure in the deep mantle. Seismograms of a Peru earthquake recorded by an array of broad-band seismometers in Tibet show strong coda waves following PKPCdiff . The coda waves are strongest for distances of 154 ◦ ‐157 ◦ at frequencies above 0.5 Hz. No such strong coda waves exist after PKPDF and PKPAB, and an empirical source time function of the earthquake is likewise simple. This implies that the coda waves are being created by anomalous structures deep within the Earth. Using slant stack analysis we find that the ray parameter of the PKPCdiff coda waves is similar to that of the main PKPCdiff phase, implying that the coda waves are not simple precursors to the minimax PKPAB phase. Combined modelling of the differential traveltimes, differential slownesses (PKPDF − PKPCdiff ), and envelopes of the coda suggests that the waves are created by strong heterogeneity at the source side of the lowermost mantle that scatters incident P energy into post-critical reflections from the inner core boundary (P.PKPCD). Although the precise geometry is unconstrained, if we use single scattering theory the data are consistent with a region of at least 15 per cent P-wave velocity reduction. The most likely cause for such a strong velocity anomaly is the presence of partial melt. The geographical location of the anomalous region, beneath the Amazon River in South America, roughly corresponds with the expected base of a newly discovered plume.
Surgical Site Infections

Surgical site infections (SSIs) lead to adverse patient outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and death. Wound contamination occurs with each incision, but proven strategies exist to decrease the risk of SSIs. In particular, improved adherence to evidence-based preventative measures related to appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the rate of SSI. Aggressive surgical debridement and effective antimicrobial therapy are needed to optimize the treatment of SSIs.
Comparative study of predictive computational models for nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity

With the increasing use of nanomaterials incorporated into consumer products, there is a need for developing approaches to establish “quantitative structure-activity relationships” (QSARs). These relationships could be used to predict various biological responses after exposure to nanomaterials for the purposes of risk analysis. This risk analysis is applicable to manufacturers of nanomaterials in an effort to determine potential hazards. Because metal oxide materials are some of the most widely applicable and studied nanoparticle types for incorporation into cosmetics, food packaging, and paints and coatings, we focused on comparing different approaches for establishing QSARs for this class of materials. Metal oxide nanoparticles are believed, by some, to cause alterations in cellular function due to their size and/or surface area. Others have said that these nanomaterials, because of the oxidized state of the metal, do not induce stress in biological tests systems. This controversy highlights the need to systematically develop structure-activity relationships (i.e., the relationship between physicochemical features to the cellular responses) and tools for predicting potential biological effects after a metal oxide nanomaterial exposure. Here, we attempt to identify a set of properties of two specific metal oxide nanomaterials—TiO2 and ZnO—that could be used to characterize and predict the induced cellular membrane damage of immortalized human lung epithelial cells. We adopt a mathematical modeling approach that uses the engineered nanomaterial size characterized as a dry nanopowder and the nanomaterial behavior in ultrapure water, phosphate buffer, and cell culture media to predict nanomaterial-induced cellular membrane damage (via lactate dehydrogenase release). Results of these studies provide insights on how engineered nanomaterial features influence cellular responses and thereby outline possible approaches for developing and applying predictive computational models for biological responses caused by exposure to nanomaterials.
Optimal Designs in Stability Studies

New optimality criteria for stability studies are proposed, and the related optimal designs are investigated. For each optimality criterion, optimal designs are identified within a class of competing designs. The property of the optimal designs for detecting slope differences is discussed.
A coupling strategy for nonlocal and local diffusion models with mixed volume constraints and boundary conditions

We develop and analyze an optimization-based method for the coupling of nonlocal and local diffusion problems with mixed volume constraints and boundary conditions. The approach formulates the coupling as a control problem where the states are the solutions of the nonlocal and local equations, the objective is to minimize their mismatch on the overlap of the nonlocal and local domains, and the controls are virtual volume constraints and boundary conditions. When some assumptions on the kernel functions hold, we prove that the resulting optimization problem is well-posed and discuss its implementation using Sandia's agile software components toolkit. The latter provides the groundwork for the development of engineering analysis tools, while numerical results for nonlocal diffusion in three-dimensions illustrate key properties of the optimization-based coupling method.
Superior Industries International

An analyst is about to make a presentation on the potential of Superior Industries International as an acquisition target. The issue for students is whether the synergies are enough to justify a 20% premium over the current price. A secondary objective of the case is to introduce the residual cash flow approach and to relate it to the weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) approach.
Perspectives on the Contributions of Michael Szwarc to Polymer Science

Professor Michael Szwarc has published over four hundred papers, numerous reviews and three books. He has received a number of major awards, including the ACS Award in Polymer Chemistry (1969), the International Award in Plastics Science and Engineering (1972), the Gold Medal of the Benjamin Franklin Society (1978), and, at this Biennial Symposium, the 1990 Division of Polymer Chemistry Award given by the ACS Polymer Division. More recently, Professor Szwarc has been awarded the prestigious Kyoto Prize for 1991.
Induction and Termination of Immunological Unresponsiveness

I would like to open the discussion by both commenting on the speaker’s data and presenting some data obtained in our laboratory concerning the early events involved in the induction of immunological unresponsiveness. The presentation by de Sousa and Humphrey suggests that an active process is involved in the induction of unresponsiveness to protein antigens in new born mice, resulting in early maturation of the lymphoid tissue. The data presented by Sjoberg and Friedman indicate that this active process may involve the stimulation of antigen reactive cells and/or antibody producing cells. Previous work of others has demonstrated that an induction period is required for the establishment of unresponsiveness. This induction period varies from several hours with in vitro exposure of competent cells to certain bacterial antigens (1, 2) to 24 hours and 5 days with in vivo exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (3) and pneumococcal polysaccharide (4), respectively. Using deaggregated human gamma globulin in mice, approximately 4 days of in vivo exposure was required before establishment of the unresponsive state was complete (5). However, most of the cells in the spleen were unresponsive 6 hours after exposure to the tolerogen (6).
Hemostasis in thrombocytopenic bleeding following infusion of stored, frozen platelets.

Platelets concentrated and stored in their own plasma at -15 C. up to 6 weeks were administered to severely ill, thrombocytopenic, bleeding children in whom hemostasis had not been attained by other measures. Eighteen of 29 infusions in 15 children appeared to result in transitory hemostasis. Transient elevation of the blood pressure and local vasoconstriction accompanied the administration of platelet material. No evidence of serious toxicity or thrombosis has been encountered.
Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders : An assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection

This paper hypothesizes that official labeling gives personal relevance to an individual's beliefs about how others respond to mental patients. According to this view, people develop conceptions of what others think of mental patients long before they become patients. These conceptions include the belief that others devalue and discriminate against mental patients. When people enter psychiatric treatment and are labeled, these beliefs become personally applicable and lead to self-devaluation and/or the fear of rejection by others. Such reactions may have negative effects on both psychological and socialfunctioning. This hypothesis was tested by comparing samples of community residents and psychiatric patients from the Washington Heights section of New York city. Five groups were formed (1) first-treatment contact patients, (2) repeat-treatment contact patients, (3) formerly treated community residents, (4) untreated community cases, and (5) community residents with no evidence of severe psychopathology. These groups were administered a scale that measured beliefs that mental patients would be devalued and discriminated against by most people. Scores on this scale were associated with demoralization, income loss, and unemployment in labeled groups but not in unlabeled groups. The results suggest that labeling may produce negative outcomes like those specified by the classic concept of secondary deviance.
Brief interventions for alcohol misuse

See also page [479][1] and [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.140849][2] As the burden of alcohol misuse — in terms of disease, trauma and social problems — grows in Canada, increased access to brief interventions is recommended. Such access forms part of a comprehensive two-tiered response
Recent results from the NASA EOS program emphasizing the Terra mission and the outlook for future missions through 2003

The NASA Earth Sciences Enterprise has made some remarkable strides in recent times in using developing, implementing and utilizing spaceborne observations to better understand how the Earth works as a coupled, interactive system of the land, ocean and atmosphere. Notable examples include the Upper Atmosphere Research (UARS) Satellite, the TOPEX mission, Landsat-7, SeaWiFS, the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM), Quickscatt, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and, quite recently, the "Terra'VEarth Observing System-1 mission . The Terra mission, for example, represents a major step forward in providing sensors that offer considerable advantages and progress over heritage instruments. As of September 2000 each of the instruments (ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS, and MOPITT) on the Terra mission is working well producing data for land, ocean and atmosphere studies as well as studies of the total Earth-Atmosphere system. Several missions will follow the Terra mission as the Earth Observing mission systems complete development and go into operation As the Earth Observing systems completes its first phase in about 2003 to 2004 a wealth of data enabling better understanding of the Earth and the management of its resources will have been provided.
Analysis of HBsAg Examination Results of 72105 Employees

[Objective]To understand the status of HBV infection among health population of employees in Fengxian District of Shanghai City.[Methods]ELISA was used for determination of HBsAg and HBeAg.[Results] Totally 72 105 employees received health examination during 2006-2008,3642(5.05%)were HBsAg positive.Among which 628(17.24%)were HBeAg positive.Most HBsAg positive employees were in 21～30 years and 31～40 years age group.HBsAg and HBeAg positive rate of male were higher than that of female.[Conclusion]The employees,who are HBsAg and HBeAg positive,should be transferred to other positions to avoid the massive infection.
Chloroxyanion Residue Quantification in Cantaloupes Treated with Chlorine Dioxide Gas.

Previous studies show that treatment of cantaloupes with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas at 5 mg/liter for 10 min results in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in initial microflora, an increase in shelf life without any alteration in color, and a 4.6- and 4.3-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. However, this treatment could result in the presence of chloroxyanion residues, such as chloride (Cl−), chlorite (ClO2−), chlorate (ClO3−), and perchlorate (ClO4−), which, apart from chloride, are a toxicity concern. Radiolabeled chlorine dioxide (36ClO2) gas was used to describe the identity and distribution of chloroxyanion residues in or on cantaloupe subsequent to fumigation with ClO2 gas at a mean concentration of 5.1 ± 0.7 mg/liter for 10 min. Each treated cantaloupe was separated into rind, flesh, and mixed (rind and flesh) sections, which were blended and centrifuged to give the corresponding sera fractions. Radioactivity detected, ratio of radioactivity to mass ...
Introduction to Imaging in Dermatology

Dermatology is one of the most important medical specialties. The prevalence of skin diseases exceeds that of obesity, hypertension, and cancer added together. Skin disease accounts for 12.4% of primary care visits in the United States, and it is estimated that one out of three people in the United States has a skin disease at any given time. Although the skin is perfectly accessible to traditional medical examination, this does not mean that there are no important problems that impede effective diagnosis of skin diseases and monitoring of therapies for dermatological disorders. This book sets out to summarize the use of modern techniques in medical imaging in dermatology.
Review of yoga therapy during cancer treatment

Purpose Reviews of yoga research that distinguish results of trials conducted during (versus after) cancer treatment are needed to guide future research and clinical practice. We therefore conducted a review of non-randomized studies and randomized controlled trials of yoga interventions for children and adults undergoing treatment for any cancer type.
Assessment of 2-D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide FETs at Sub-5-nm Gate Length Scale

2-D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) FETs are promising devices for scaling beyond end of silicon CMOS nanoelectronics. By solving the quantum transport equation self-consistently with the Poisson equation, we explore the performance potential of TMDC FETs with a gate length in the sub-5-nm scale. The results show that the designs of gate spacer and underlap doping play an important role in device characteristics and performance. Both high-frequency performance potential and digital electronics performance potential are investigated. We show that the intrinsic cutoff frequency increases as the gate length scales down to 1 nm, and it is well above THz at LG = 1 nm. The gate fringing capacitance, however, could significantly lower the cutoff frequency, which is especially important at a short gate length of 1 nm. Simulation of a TMDC FET inverter shows that a small intrinsic delay, large voltage gain, and sufficiently large static noise margin can be maintained at an aggressively scaled gate length below 5 nm. 2-D TMDC FETs with a gate length down to 1 nm should have good performance potential in both radio frequency and digital electronics applications.
Genetics of Childhood Behavior Disorders

Abnormal psychological traits in children often show a familial clustering and present many of the same problems to researchers as other complex disorders. Etiologies are either unknown or poorly understood, and the specific pathogenesis for each trait is largely unknown. In most instances, no clear single-locus inheritance is evidenced either by a specific biochemical defect or a Mendelian pattern in families. Attempts to understand these complex traits require advancement on several fronts: nosologic, biochemical, and genetic. Progress in any one area is affected by and in turn affects progress in the other areas in numerous and complex ways.
On Novices' Interaction with Compiler Error Messages: A Human Factors Approach

The difficulty in understanding compiler error messages can be a major impediment to novice student learning. To alleviate this issue, multiple researchers have run experiments enhancing compiler error messages in automated assessment tools for programming assignments. The conclusions reached by these published experiments appear to be conducting. We examine these experiments and propose five potential reasons for the inconsistent conclusions concerning enhanced compiler error messages: (1) students do not read them, (2) researchers are measuring the wrong thing, (3) the effects are hard to measure, (4) the messages are not properly designed, (5) the messages are properly designed, but students do not understand them in context due to increased cognitive load. We constructed mixed-methods experiments designed to address reasons 1 and 5 with a specific automated assessment tool, Athene, that previously reported inconclusive results. Testing student comprehension of the enhanced compiler error messages outside the context of an automated assessment tool demonstrated their effectiveness over standard compiler error messages. Quantitative results from a 60 minute one-on-one think-aloud study with 31 students did not show substantial increase in student learning outcomes over the control. However, qualitative results from the one-on-one think-aloud study indicated that most students are reading the enhanced compiler error messages and generally make effective changes after encountering them.
An integrated microbial electrolysis-anaerobic digestion process combined with pretreatment of wastewater solids to improve hydrogen production

A combined anaerobic digestion (AD) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) system, named here as ADMEC, was investigated to evaluate the energy recovery from pretreated wastewater solids. Alkaline and thermal hydrolysis pretreatment methods increased the solubility of organic compounds present in the raw solids by 25% and 20%, respectively. The soluble phase from pretreatment was separated and used for microbial electrolysis, whereas the insoluble fraction was fed into semi-continuous digesters. The digester effluent was later utilized as a second MEC substrate. The pretreatment had variable effects on AD and MEC performance. The methane content in AD biogas was higher in pretreated groups, 78.29 ± 2.89% and 73.2 ± 1.79%, for alkaline and thermal, than the control, 50.26 ± 0.53%, but the overall biogas production rates were lower than the control, 20 and 30 mL CH4 gCOD−1 d−1 for alkaline and thermal compared to 80 mL CH4 gCOD−1 d−1. The effluent streams from thermally pretreated digesters were the best substrate for microbial electrolysis, in terms of hydrogen production and efficiency. The MECs produced 1.7 ± 0.2 L-H2 per L per day, 0.3 ± 0.1 L-H2 per L per day, and 0.29 ± 0.1 L-H2 per L per day, for thermal, alkaline, and control reactors. The productivity was lower compared to acetate and propionate controls, which yielded 5.79 ± 0.03 L-H2 per L per day and 3.49 ± 0.10 L-H2 per L per day, respectively. The pretreatment solubilized fractions were not ideal substrates for microbial electrolysis. A chemical oxygen demand (COD) mass balance showed that pretreatment shifts the electron flux away from methane and biomass sinks towards hydrogen production.
Electronic Properties of 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene: Tetrahalo-1,4-benzoquinone Donor-Acceptor Cocrystals

We have investigated the electronic properties of four charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals involving 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) as donor and fluoranil (FA), chloranil (CA), bromanil (BA) and iodanil (IA) as acceptors. While DAN-FA, DAN-CA, and DAN-BA crystallized in a mixed-stack fashion, DAN-IA crystallized with segregated-stacks. For the mixed-stack co-crystals, electronic-structure calculations using density functional theory predict large electron-hole couplings with small effective masses, which strongly suggests that these DAN-XA co-crystals are suitable for charge transport applications. Among the four co-crystals, DAN-CA crystallized in a non-centrosymmetric space group; according to our computational analysis, it is predicted to be weakly ferroelectric with a second-order electrical susceptibility ((2)) similar to that of urea. The ionicities (ρ) of the co-crystals calculated using Mulliken population compare well with the experimental results. The couplings between donor and acceptor molecules in...
Profound Tissue Specificity in Proliferation Control Underlies Cancer Drivers and Aneuploidy Patterns.

Genomics has provided a detailed structural description of the cancer genome. Identifying oncogenic drivers that work primarily through dosage changes is a current challenge. Unrestrained proliferation is a critical hallmark of cancer. We constructed modular, barcoded libraries of human open reading frames (ORFs) and performed screens for proliferation regulators in multiple cell types. Approximately 10% of genes regulate proliferation, with most performing in an unexpectedly highly tissue-specific manner. Proliferation drivers in a given cell type showed specific enrichment in somatic copy number changes (SCNAs) from cognate tumors and helped predict aneuploidy patterns in those tumors, implying that tissue-type-specific genetic network architectures underlie SCNA and driver selection in different cancers. In vivo screening confirmed these results. We report a substantial contribution to the catalog of SCNA-associated cancer drivers, identifying 147 amplified and 107 deleted genes as potential drivers, and derive insights about the genetic network architecture of aneuploidy in tumors.
SCIMITAR SYNDROME DIAGNOSED IN ADVANCED PREGNANCY: WHAT TO DO

Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly that can make pregnancy a complicated situation to deal with. A 29 year old women, 30 weeks pregnant, comes to the emergency room with complaints of chest pain and difficulty breathing. She has no known past medical history. A loud 4/6 systolic murmur
Medication use in neonatal resuscitation.

This article reviews epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate, the two medications most often recommended in neonatal resuscitation, the controversies concerning their use, and the rationale for the recommendations in the context of neonatal resuscitation. In addition, it reviews atropine, a medication still commonly used in the resuscitation of adults and older children, in the context of its value in neonatal resuscitation.
Virtual Content Creation Using Dynamic Omnidirectional Texture Synthesis

We present a dynamic omnidirectional texture synthesis (DOTS) approach for generating real-time virtual reality content captured using a consumer-grade RGB-D camera. Compared to a single fixed-viewpoint color map, view-dependent texture mapping (VDTM) techniques can reproduce finer detail and replicate dynamic lighting effects that become especially noticeable with head tracking in virtual reality. However, VDTM is very sensitive to errors such as missing data or inaccurate camera pose estimation, both of which are commonplace for objects captured using consumer-grade RGB-D cameras. To overcome these limitations, our proposed optimization can synthesize a high resolution view-dependent texture map for any virtual camera location. Synthetic textures are generated by uniformly sampling a spherical virtual camera set surrounding the virtual object, thereby enabling efficient real-time rendering for all potential viewing directions.