cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Slatted Floor and Litter Floor on the Genetic Variations in Chickens

Abstract It is a known fact that interaction between environmental factors and genetic variations influences the accuracy of artificial selection and impedes the distribution of improved genotypes into a diverse environment. Slatted and litter floor chicken laying houses are two contrasting environmental conditions for laying chickens. Since the former tends to be prevalent in use, a study of the interaction between floor differences and genetic variations would be of interest to both poultry breeders and egg producers. A two-pen house, with approximately 20×20 square feet of floor space in each pen, was used in the experiment. One pen had a slatted floor, while the other had a wood-shavings litter floor. The slatted floor pen accommodated 360 pullets and 18 cockerels, while the litter floor pen accommodated 127 pullets and 6 cockerels. The average floor space for each chicken was approximately one square foot in the slatted floor pen, and 3 square …
Effect of Familiarity on Word Duration in Children’s Speech: A Preliminary Investigation

Young children’s productions of novel words were used to investigate the influence of word familiarity on vowel and word duration. Ten children, 18 to 21 months old, produced tokens of phonologically individualized words (from one to four words) over 12 experimental sessions. Comparisons of means for the individualized words revealed that productions in the second half of the sessions were significantly shorter (both in their vowel and overall duration) than those in the first six sessions. When mean durations of productions were derived for each child, the effect held for word durations. Vowel durations differed in the same direction, but the difference was not statistically significant. Under these controlled conditions, familiarity seemed to influence the duration of early productions of novel words. These findings are discussed as evidence of word-specific motor maturation in early lexical acquisition.
Oscillatory neural networks for nonlinear system identification

We present connectionist classifiers that form distributed low-level knowledge representations for pattern recognition, given random feature vectors generated from dual statistically distinct sources. The classifier is a functional representation of an oscillatory network consisting of two-member clusters of model neurons whose efferent synapses may be either inhibitory or excitatory. We demonstrate the oscillatory network's performance in the context of source- dependent single speaker identification. In these tests, the backpropagation network representation learning curve began to flatten around an unacceptable error response. The oscillatory model, however, was able to discriminate accurately.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
l-Isoleucine: An inducer of the feeding response in decapod crustaceans

Es wird gezeigt, dassl-Isoleucin eine starke Fressreaktion bei 6 Arten dekapoder Krebse hervorruft. Die wirksame Konzentration dieser Substanz war unter 2,3×10−6M/l.
Correction for non-uniform k-space data weighting effects in first-pass cardiac perfusion imaging with TurboFLASH readout

Summary To correct for non-uniform k-space data weighing on image intensity in T1-weighted first-pass cardiac perfusion MR imaging with TurboFLASH readout by using numerical simulations. Background To obtain first-pass cardiac perfusion images, a saturation-recovery (SR) preparation can be used with TurboFLASH readout. However, non-uniform k-space weighting during the SR recovery may lead to distortion of the image point spread function; this may lead to systematic overestimation or underestimation of the imagederived arterial input function (AIF) and myocardium signals, with resulting bias in the perfusion calculations. In this work, we used numerical simulations to correct for non-uniform k-space data weighting effects on the AIF and myocardial wall signals. Methods
Quantifying resistivity using scanning impedance imaging

Abstract Noncontact scanning impedance imaging (SII) has the ability to produce impedance based images of a thin sample. This paper describes how SII can be used to produce quantitative measurements related to the specific electrical impedance (impedivity) of a sample. This is made possible through hardware improvements to previously reported systems and the use of numerical simulations to quantify the degree of current confinement occurring in the coaxial impedance probe. Experiments conducted in homogeneous saline solutions show that measured impedance increases linearly with probe height, confirming simulation results and the concept that current through the sample is being confined into a cylinder of constant area. Microfabricated structures of the photoresist SU-8 are used as a test case to demonstrate that SII probes can accurately determine the quantity ρh (resistivity × sample height). For the experiments described, the dielectric contribution to the measured impedance is negligible; in these cases the sample resistivity is reported instead of the impedivity. This results in a resistivity measurement for SU-8 of ρ = 3 × 10 6 Ω-cm. Two-dimensional resistivity scans of various samples are also shown.
Sexual behavior of assailants during reported rapes

The present study reports on the forced sexual, excretory, and sadistic acts that occur during rape. The main sample consisted of 115 adult, adolescent, and child rape victims that were admitted during a 1-year period to the emergency wards of a large municipal hospital. Forced vaginal intercourse was the most frequent act reported, but many other acts also occurred, ranging from fellatio and cunnilingus to urinating on the victim. It is argued that various social-psychological meanings are attached to forced sexual acts, most notably power, anger, and male camaraderie. Pair/group rape differs from single-assailant rape in the emphasis placed on watching and taking turns. Analyzing the social meanings attached to forced sex makes a contribution to our knowledge about the use of sex to express nonsexual issues.
Embedding edge-colorings into 2-edge-connected k -factorizations of K kn+1

In this paper we use the Hilton method of amalgamations to give a different proof of a theorem of Nash-Williams that finds necessary and sufficient conditions for the embedding of an edge-colored Kv into an edge-colored Kv in which the edges of each color induce a 2-edge-connected k-factor. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Relationship between Field-Aligned Currents and the Auroral Electrojets: A Review

The recent development of several new observational techniques as well as of advanced computer simulation codes has contributed significantly to our understanding of dynamics of the three-dimensional current system during magnetospheric substorms. This paper attempts to review the main results of the last decade of research in such diverse fields as electric fields and currents in the high-latitude ionosphere and field-aligned currents and their relationship to the large-scale distribution of auroras and auroral precipitation. It also contains discussions on some efforts in synthesizing the vast amount of the observations to construct an empirical model which connects the ionospheric currents with field-aligned currents. While our understanding has been greatly improved during the last decade, there is much that is as yet unsettled. For example, we have reached only a first approximation model of the three-dimensional current system which is not inconsistent with integrated, ground-based and space observations of electric and magnetic fields. We have just begun to unfold the cause of the field-aligned currents both in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Dynamical behaviour of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling relating to substorm variability can be an important topic during the coming years.
Bacterial characterization of calcium alginate gel immobilized activated sludges biodegrading 2‐chlorophenol or benzene

Abstract Activated sludges before and after acclimation in the laboratory with phenol and 2‐chlorophenol or a mixture of benzene, toluene, and o‐, m‐, and p‐xylene, were immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Before acclimation, after acclimation, and at the end of 2‐chlorophenol or benzene biodegradation studies, dilutions of blended gel beads were plated and all distinct colony types were isolated. A total of 54 isolates were obtained, 23 of which tentatively could be assigned to Bacillus [1], Pseudomonas [2], or Klebsiella [3]. Shaker flask studies with individual isolates and their mixture indicated that the primary degrader of 2‐chlorophenol among the isolates was a Bacillus, and that of benzene was a Pseudomonas.
Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor

Majorana fermions are predicted to localize at the edge of a topological superconductor, a state of matter that can form when a ferromagnetic system is placed in proximity to a conventional superconductor with strong spin-orbit interaction. With the goal of realizing a one-dimensional topological superconductor, we have fabricated ferromagnetic iron (Fe) atomic chains on the surface of superconducting lead (Pb). Using high-resolution spectroscopic imaging techniques, we show that the onset of superconductivity, which gaps the electronic density of states in the bulk of the Fe chains, is accompanied by the appearance of zero-energy end-states. This spatially resolved signature provides strong evidence, corroborated by other observations, for the formation of a topological phase and edge-bound Majorana fermions in our atomic chains.
A possible bridge between generalized string theory and Dirac theory

The Dirac 4×4 matrix algebra is generalized by octonions replacing the complex quaternions (Pauli matrices) in the algebra. The three antiautomorphic conjugations are then also generalized. This larger algebra, now nonassociative, leads to a 10-dimensional space-time and corresponding «spinor» wave functions. A QED in flat 10-space is proposed, coupling ψ,Aμ,Fμν, and their generalizations in 10-space.
Quadratic divergence-free finite elements on Powell---Sabin tetrahedral grids

Given a tetrahedral grid in 3D, a Powell---Sabin grid can be constructed by refining each original tetrahedron into 12 subtetrahedra. A new divergence-free finite element on 3D Powell---Sabin grids is constructed for Stokes equations, where the velocity is approximated by continuous piecewise quadratic polynomials while the pressure is approximated by discontinuous piecewise linear polynomials on the same grid. To be precise, the finite element space for the pressure is exactly the divergence of the corresponding space for the velocity. Therefore, the resulting finite element solution for the velocity is pointwise divergence-free, including the inter-element boundary. By establishing the inf-sup condition, the finite element is stable and of the optimal order. Numerical tests are provided.
Convergence of influential bloggers for topic discovery in the blogosphere

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically detect “hot” or important topics of discussion in the blogosphere. The proposed approach is based on analyzing the activity of influential bloggers to determine specific points in time when there is a convergence amongst the influential bloggers in terms of their topic of discussion. The tool BlogTrackers, is used to identify influential bloggers and the Normalized Google Distance is used to define the similarity amongst the topics of discussion of influential bloggers. The key advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to automatically detect events which are important in the blogger community.
A study on the effect of camera motion on human visual attention

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of camera motion in user generated video with respect to human visual attention. Having a more accurate human attention model is particularly useful in applications such as video summarization where the identification of visual importance is crucial to the quality of the results. Most models proposed thus far, have not considered camera motion as an independent factor in identifying visual saliency. In this study eye movement was recorded while subjects watched videos with different types of camera motion. The distribution of the fixation points indicated high correlation between the visual saliency and the type and direction of camera movement. The statistical tests confirmed that the results are statistically significant.
Structural change in U.S. food manufacturing, 1958–1997

Public information regarding economic concentration, both aggregate and market, has declined since 1982. The Census no longer publishes a concentration report for its Economic Census, which is done every five years for manufacturing industries. Using purchased data from Census Special Tabulations, this paper documents advanced aggregate and market concentration in U.S. food and tobacco processing markets. The data are much more useful for studying output markets and fail to provide much guidance regarding oligopsony issues, which are perceived to be widespread in food processing. In output markets, evidence suggests that a market’s use of media advertising contributed to advanced market concentration prior to 1977, but subsequently concentration has been rising in all industries. Producer good industries have posted the largest increases in concentration as they narrowed the difference in average concentration between themselves and the group of advertising-intensive industries. [EconLit codes: L110, L660] © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This paper examines trends in both aggregate and market concentration within the food and tobacco processing sector. Despite the simple task, the answers are difficult and expensive. Necessary data either do not exist or are too expensive for a researcher to obtain. The data needs differ depending on whether one assesses oligopsony or oligopoly, as input markets in food processing are often dramatically more narrowly defined in both product and geographic space than output markets. More public data exist regarding output markets, but even so there is less information available now than ten years ago. The Census no longer publishes a concentration report from its Economic Census and has discontinued providing any concentration data at the product class level. The product class data are usually preferred since they use a wherever-made method and a more narrow market definition (e.g., SIC 20321, canned baby foods, rather than the industry SIC 2032, canned specialities, which includes both canned baby foods and canned soup). The Census had published concentration reports for manufacturing at both the industry and product class levels since 1958. Prior to that, the Congress had the Census prepare special reports. In 1948, Senator Taft chaired the Joint Committee on the Economic Report and issued a report entitled “Current Gaps in Our Statistical Knowledge,” which asked for more current information on business concentration. In 1957, the Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly issued its report on “Concentration in American Industry,” which provided concentration data for 1954, as well as1935 and 1947. In the letter of transmittal of that report, Joseph O’Mahoney, then chair of the Joint Economic Committee, wrote:
Seamless data visualization for frost detection

Multimedia networking has been expanding its definition beyond communications of text, image, audio, and video as the Next Generation Internet evolves from social networks to cyber-physical networks. One application related to transportation infrastructure includes health monitoring of existing paved and un-surfaced roads. Embedding remote sensing and spatial information technology into roadways facilitates constant observation of road conditions and automatic detection of frost and thaw fronts during the spring thaw and recovery period. A system is being developed which provides critical quantitative data to eliminate or supplement components of current visual inspection procedures, and thus greatly assists transportation agencies in making spring load restriction (SLR) placement and removal decisions. This paper presents the data visualization module of a Decision Support System for Spring Load Restriction (DSS-SLR). After temperature data are collected by underground sensors and transferred by wireless/wired networks to a central database, a user can view the spatial and temporal temperature patterns via a Web browser. An embedded interpolation routine and a graphical user interface (GUI) enable the user to view a cross section showing frost and thaw depths over time. Our work pioneers this new frontier of multimedia networking, which will have significant applications with regard to health monitoring of existing paved roadway systems, as well as un-surfaced road evaluation and maintenance.
Annexin II is a thiazolidinedione-responsive gene involved in insulin-induced glucose transporter isoform 4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The target genes of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligands that lead to insulin sensitization are not fully understood. In this study, we have found that the thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, increases expression of annexin II at both the mRNA and protein levels, raising the possibility that annexin II plays a role in insulin-stimulated glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) translocation and glucose transport. To assess this, we microinjected annexin II antibody or annexin II small interfering RNA into 3T3-L1 adipocytes and found that insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation was inhibited by 54 and 60%, respectively. Furthermore, microinjection of annexin II antibody inhibited constitutively active Gαq (Q209L-Gαq)-induced but not osmotic shock-induced GLUT4 translocation. When cells were cotransfected with wild-type annexin II, along with an enhanced green fluorescent protein-cmyc-GLUT4 construct, and the percentage of cells expressing cmyc-GLUT4 at the cell surface was measured by immunofluor...
Nomogram for Aiding the Interpretation of Tornadic Vortex Signatures Measured by Doppler Radar

A technique is described whereby an investigator can obtain a more representative peak velocity for a tornadic vortex signature (TVS) than can be obtained by using the extreme measured Doppler velocities associated with the signature. This technique, which is based on theoretical curves derived by scanning a simulated radar through Rankine combined vortices, is applied to WSR-88D Doppler velocity data collected in the Garden City, Kansas, tornado of 16 May 1995. The technique produces peak TVS velocities that are more consistent in time and height than those computed directly from the extreme measured values.
Response of Torymus sinensis, a parasitoid of the gallforming Dryocosmus kuriphilus, to olfactory and visual cues

highlights T. sinensis is a parasite used for biological control of D. kuriphilus. Behavior of T. sinensis adult females was tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. Insects were not attracted to gall odor presented alone. T. sinensis responded negatively to a gall image presented alone. Wasps responded positively to olfactory and visual cues when presented together. graphical a bstract abstract Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) has been manipulated extensively in biological control pro- grams targeting the globally invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). The life cycle of T. sinensis is synchronized with gall wasp larval development to allow effec- tive gall wasp population suppression and a reduction in gall formation. In spite of its extensive use for biological control, relatively little is known about its host location and host acceptance behavior. We investigated T. sinensis host location behavior using a Y-tube olfactometer. Adult females were tested for their response to olfactory and visual cues associated with D. kuriphilus galls and chestnut foliage. Adult parasitoids were not attracted by the odor of fresh galls alone, and had a negative response to the visual cues of galls and chestnut foliage when odor cues were not provided. However, the combina- tion of olfactory and visual stimuli provided by a fresh gall coupled with chestnut foliage elicited a strongly positive response. This positive response persisted even when the fresh gall was replaced by an inert surrogate gall, provided the visual stimulus remained and the olfactory cues from fresh galls were available. Our results indicate that both visual and olfactory cues are required to enable T. sinensis to successfully find suitable hosts. These findings improve our understanding of the stimuli that influence T. sinensis host location behaviors leading to successful gall wasp parasitization, and may enhance our ability to manipulate T. sinensis for gall wasp management.
Mutations in the principal neutralization determinant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affect syncytium formation, virus infectivity, growth kinetics, and neutralization.

Abstract The principal neutralization determinant (PND) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 contains a conserved GPG sequence. The effects of a 29-amino-acid deletion of most of the PND, a 3-amino-acid deletion in the GPG sequence, and 16 single-amino-acid substitutions in the GPG sequence were determined in a transient expression assay. All mutant envelope glycoproteins were expressed at levels comparable to that of the wild-type envelope, and mutations in the GPG sequence did not affect processing to gp120 or, except for the 29-amino-acid deletion, binding to CD4. Of all of the mutants, only the GHG and GFG mutants induced formation of syncytia similar in size and number to those induced by the wild-type envelope. When the envelope expression level was increased 10-fold or more, several additional mutants (APG, GAG, GSG, GQG, GVG, and GPF) also induced syncytium formation. Transfection with infectious proviral molecular clones containing the GHG, GFG, APG, GAG, GSG, or GPF mutations induced production of viral particles; however, only the GPG, GHG, and GFG viruses produced active infections in CD4-bearing cells. Furthermore, whereas the wild-type virus was efficiently neutralized by PND polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, the GHG- and GFG-containing viruses were not. These results show that mutations in the GPG sequence found within the PND do not affect envelope expression and do not significantly affect CD4 binding or production of viral particles but that they do affect the ability of the envelope to induce syncytia and those of the viral particles to infect CD4 cells and be neutralized by PND antibodies.
THE RELATION OF THE SPLEEN TO BLOOD DESTRUCTION AND REGENERATION AND TO HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE : XII. THE IMPORTANCE IN THE PRODUCTION OF HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE OF THE PATH OF HEMOGLOBIN TO THE LIVER.

These experiments indicate, therefore, that when hemoglobin is set free in the portal circulation a larger amount is held by the liver and converted rapidly into bile pigment than is the case when it is set free in the general circulation, and that, under the former condition, over-loading of the liver with bile pigment more readily occurs and jaundice is more apt to develop. This mechanical influence must, therefore, be a factor in the lessened tendency after splenctomy to the jaundice which follows blood destruction due to hemolytic agents, for whether the spleen be an active factor in destroying the erythrocytes or whether it plays merely a passive part as a place for the deposition of the disintegrating cells, there can be no question that in this organ, when it is present, a large number of cells undergo their final disintegration after the action of hemolytic poisons, and that the hemoglobin there liberated passes by the portal system directly to the liver. When the spleen is removed, this disintegration occurs in other organs, notably in the lymph nodes and bone marrow, and the hemoglobin from these organs passes not into the portal but into the general circulation, from which it reaches the liver more gradually and in a more dilute form.
Internet-Based Health Information Seeking Among Low-Income, Minority Seniors Living in Urban Residential Centers

This article discusses the results of an exploratory study designed to measure low-income, minority elderly adults Internet-based health information—seeking activities. The study is a part of a program designed to teach residents, living in high-rise urban communities, how to use the Internet to locate health information. By teaching minority seniors how to locate Internet-based health information, it is hoped that they will seek more information regarding their health conditions, treatments, and medications. The results of the study draw five inferences regarding participant's health information—seeking behavior: The retrieved information helps the elderly understand their health problems; retrieved information will not lead the elderly to engage in self-care, nor will it engage them enough to change health care providers; retrieved information can change elderly eating and exercise patterns, and retrieved information can affect the treatments the elderly receive for their illnesses.
Cyclic phosphenium and arsenium cations with 6π electrons and related systems

Cyclic phosphenium (1a) and arsenium (1b) cations are formed either by treatment of germylene 2b with ECl3 (E = P, As) or via the metathetical reaction of LiN(But)CCN(But)Li with ECl3 and the structures of 1a and 1b are compared with those of pertinent saturated analogues.
Citizen Energy: Towards Populist Interactive Micro-Energy Production

Citizen Energy is a novel, participatory citizen engagement with energy that is designed to extend our relationship with energy beyond existing producer-consumer models towards ones that are more participatory, intimate, personal, social, and emotional. In this paper we directly introduce and operationalize novel strategies for collecting, keeping, sharing, and activating personal, interactive micro-energy. This paper presents a series of alternative perspectives and design approaches for materializing Citizen Energy by introducing novel energy concepts, such as: energy mementos, energy attachment, energy engagement, energy attunement, local energy, seasonal energy, and energy meta-data. This paper is focused on the potential of advancing the knowledge around novel energy production, sharing, and economics by positioning citizens in the role of active participants in these operations. While the scale of energy may initially be small, the potential for new, creative thinking and citizen led grassroots energy efforts to emerge and develop into impactful everyday energy solutions is very real.
Desingularization of periodic vortex sheet roll-up

An analytical approach is used in an attempt to model the evolution of a vortex sheet past the critical time by means of a desingularization method. Evolution of the sheet, which is embedded in a two-dimensional flow, is described by approximating the total circulation between a fixed material point and an imaginary point on the curve of the flow. A linear dispersion relation is defined which shows that the short wavelength modes of the sheet are not unstable and therefore do adversely effect the computations as artifacts of round-off errors. The desingularization approach is demonstrated to converge beyond the critical time for the vortex sheet. Application of the technique for the study of the vortex sheet shed from an elliptically loaded wing is indicated.
An Ecological Approach to Understanding and Facilitating Social Support

Social support is best viewed as a complex process unfolding in an ecological context. This process involves transactions between people and their social networks, including the active development and maintenance of support network resources, the management of support incidents to elicit appropriate supportive behavior from the network and the synthesis of information to yield support appraisals. The process is shaped by features of both the person and the social ecology. This ecological model of support allows a more complete understanding of support processes, including their relationship to stress and well-being. The model also serves as a framework for intervention, highlighting targets and strategies for programs designed to facilitate social support. Options briefly discussed include improving utilization of resources, developing and maintaining resources, managing support incidents and enhancing support appraisals.
INFLUENCE OF CATTLE MANAGEMENT ON HABITAT SELECTION BY IMPALA ON CENTRAL KENYAN RANGELAND

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, the widespread practice of corralling livestock overnight in thorn-scrub “bomas” creates nutrient-enriched patches within rangelands that can subsequently support unique plant communities for decades to centuries after boma abandonment. These nutrient-rich patches (glades) may be preferentially used by native ungulates that coexist with livestock. To evaluate the potential link between cattle management via bomas and habitat for impala (Aepyceros melampus), I examined seasonal patterns of habitat selection by impala and landscape variation in grass nutrient content on a commercial cattle ranch in central Laikipia, Kenya. Studies using automated, infrared camera monitors showed that impala selected nutrient-rich glades 2.6 times more frequently than surrounding Acacia bushland habitat during dry seasons, and 9.6 times more frequently during wet seasons. Significantly greater impala presence in glade versus bushland habitat during dry seasons suggests that impala presence may...
Toward General-Purpose Learning for Information Extraction

Two trends are evident in the recent evolution of the field of information extraction: a preference for simple, often corpus-driven techniques over linguistically sophisticated ones; and a broadening of the central problem definition to include many non-traditional text domains. This development calls for information extraction systems which are as retargetable and general as possible. Here, we describe SRV, a learning architecture for information extraction which is designed for maximum generality and flexibility. SRV can exploit domain-specific information, including linguistic syntax and lexical information, in the form of features provided to the system explicitly as input for training. This process is illustrated using a domain created from Reuters corporate acquisitions articles. Features are derived from two general-purpose NLP systems, Sleator and Temperly's link grammar parser and Wordnet. Experiments compare the learner's performance with and without such linguistic information. Surprisingly, in many cases, the system performs as well without this information as with it.
Analog circuits based on the synchronization of field-line coupled spin-torque oscillators

We use micromagnetic and circuit-level simulations to study field-line coupled spin-torque oscillators (STOs). In this circuit, all STOs are magnetically coupled to a current-carrying wire. This turns them into three-terminal devices, giving way to novel circuit designs. As an application example, we show how the STOs can be synchronized via feedback through the field line and how such circuit can be used in analog image processing applications.
Serum Antibodies to HPV16 Early Proteins Warrant Investigation as Potential Biomarkers for Risk Stratification and Recurrence of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for increasing incidence of oropharyngeal cancer. At present, there are no biomarkers in the surveillance algorithm for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC). HPV16 E6 antibody precedes oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis. If HPV16 E6 indeed precedes primary diagnosis, it is similarly expected to precede disease recurrence and may have a potential role as a biomarker for surveillance of HPV-OPC. To determine whether HPV antibody titers have a potential role as early markers of disease recurrence or prognosis, a retrospective pilot study was designed to determine whether HPV16 early antibody titers E6, E7, E1, and E2 decrease after treatment of HPV16-positive OPC. Trends in pretreatment, early (≤6 months after treatment), and late posttreatment (>6 months after treatment) HPV16 antibody titers were examined. There were 43, 34, and 52 subjects with serum samples available for pretreatment, early, and late posttreatment intervals. Mean pretreatment antibody levels were higher than posttreatment antibody levels. Average antibody levels decreased significantly over time for E6 (Ptrend = 0.001) and E7 (Ptrend < 0.001). Six disease recurrences were observed during the follow-up period (median, 4.4 years). In univariate analysis, a log-unit increase in pretreatment E6 titer was significantly associated with increased risk of disease recurrence (HR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.1-25.7; P = 0.03). Therefore, levels of antibodies to HPV16 early oncoproteins decline after therapy. Higher E6 titers at diagnosis are associated with significant increases in the risk of recurrence. These data support the prospective evaluation of HPV16 antibodies as markers of surveillance and for risk stratification at diagnosis.
Interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) as predictors of high frequency and conventional seizure onset zones

We investigated the relationship between the interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) and the seizure onset zones (SOZs) defined by the ictal HFOs or conventional frequency activity (CFA), and evaluated the usefulness of the interictal HFOs as spatial markers of the SOZs. We analysed seizures showing discrete HFOs at onset on intracranial EEGs acquired at ≥1000-Hz sampling rate in a training cohort of 10 patients with temporal and extratemporal epilepsy. We classified each ictal channel as: HFO+ (HFOs at onset with subsequent evolution), HFO- (HFOs at onset without evolution), CFA (1.6-70-Hz activity at onset with evolution), or non-ictal. We defined the SOZs as: hSOZ (HFO+ channels only), hfo+&-SOZ (HFO+ and HFO- channels), and cSOZ (CFA channels). Using automated methods, we detected the interictal HFOs and extracted five features: density, connectivity, peak frequency, log power, and amplitude. We created logistic regression models using these features, and tested their performance in a separate replication cohort of three patients. The models containing the five interictal HFO features reliably differentiated the channels located inside the SOZ from those outside in the training cohort (p 0.5) but not the cSOZ. Our study shows that the interictal HFOs are useful in defining the spatial extent of the SOZ, and predicting whether or not a given channel in a novel patient would be involved in the seizure. The findings support the existence of an abnormal network of tightly-linked ictal and interictal HFOs in patients with intractable epilepsy.
The Floor Tax and Analogous Issues Under LIFO

Seago explains that a tax increase or decrease applied to inventory items on hand as of a specific date is a subsequent event that should be reflected in the cost of those items. The change in the tax is applied to goods physically on hand, but in terms of the LIFO flow of cost the specific items taxed may have been deducted as cost of goods sold for the previous year. However, he notes, under longstanding tax accounting principles, the income from those prior years cannot be adjusted to take into account the change in cost. This raises the issue of how to account for the subsequent event in such a manner as to most clearly reflect the income for current and future years. The Internal Revenue Service recently provided a solution in Revenue Ruling 2001-8, 2001-9 IRB 726. That solution was criticized in Tax Notes. (See Barnes and Strong, "Service Issues Questionable LIFO Ruling on Floor Stocks," Tax Notes, Mar. 26, 2001, p. 1885.) Professor Seago finds the revenue ruling consistent with approaches by the courts in adjusting income for events that occur in one year can be related to a prior year's activities.
Relevance of Prognostic Features in Myeloid Metaplasia to Selection of Patients for Bone Marrow Transplantation

To the Editor: In the interesting report by Dupriez et al,[1][1] the investigators conclude that their staging system could be used to identify patients who might receive newer therapies, such as bone marrow transplantation. Before putting their data to that use, it would be important to know how
Greater risk of physical damage caused by debris fall to understory plants and tree seedlings in old-growth forests than in young forests

Falling canopy debris causes injury and mortality of tree seedlings and understory plants in a wide variety of forests. Canopy structure and dynamics differ between young and old-growth forests: old forests are taller and have more aboveground biomass and greater annual mortality of bole biomass. I predicted that risk of damage caused by debris fall in the understory is greater in old-growth forests than in young forests. I tested this prediction by tracking for 1 year the fates of artificial seedlings placed in young (stand age 31 to 61 years) and old-growth (stand age circa 500 years) Pseudotsuga–Tsuga forests. The risk of physical damage caused by debris fall in old-growth forests was significantly greater than in young forests (P = 0.001). Seedling models were damaged by falling debris at a rate of 4.4%·year−1 and 0.8%·year−1 in old-growth and young forests, respectively. More seedling models were damaged by fallen coarse woody debris in old-growth forests than in young forests, although this trend wa...
Glucocorticoids increase the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor concentration in rat osteogenic sarcoma cells.

We have used cultured osteoblastlike rat osteogenic sarcoma cells (ROS 17/2) which have receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 and for glucocorticoids, and have examined the modulation of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor by the potent glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide. We report that triamcinolone acetonide caused an increase of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor concentration in these cells but it did not affect the affinity of the receptor to 1,25(OH)2D3; this phenomenon occurred in a dosedependent fashion for triamcinolone (10−9 to 10−7 M) with a maximum increase of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor concentration of ⋍twofold. During the culture period, the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor concentration was altered both in untreated as well as in triamcinolone-treated cells, being highest at the early logarithmic phase and diminished progressively as cells approached confluence. However, throughout the culture period, the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor concentration was higher in the triamcinolone-treated cells.
The European Frit Fly and Its Forms in North America

The wide distribution and common occurrence of small black flies of the Dipterous genus Oscinella (= Oscinis auctt., family Chloropidae), together with their damage to important cereal crops and grasses, have aroused considerable interest in the various species concerned. The adults are frequently bred from wheat, oats and a number of other grasses, or appear in experimental cages over such plants. In Europe, a large amount of research has been done and many papers published on all phases of the bionomics of the economically important frit fly, Oscinella frit (Linnaeus), and its varieties. In North America, however, this species and its relatives do not seem to have attained the same importance as pests of grains as in the Palaearctic region.
Interpretation of Character Phylogenies in Calanoid Copepods by Implementing Dollo's Law

ABSTRACT The configurations of spines found on the posterior face of the first basipodal segment of the fourth pair of swimming legs in female calanoids of the family Aetideidae may be interpreted, by implementing Dollo's Law, as structures compensating for the loss of the specialized fifth legs. The same law allows the explanation of the phylogenetic sequence of states observed in this particular character from an evolutionary perspective, namely, by relating the origin of each specific condition found to the (limited) possibilities comprised in the previous configuration. The value of Dollo's Law for either explaining observed character state sequences or, alternatively, for corroborating phylogenetic hypotheses, is discussed.
“Do Some Wondering”: Children and their Self‐Understanding Selves in Early Elementary Classrooms

Self-knowledge has been a central theme in many diagnoses of late modernity, and it has cued scholars to investigate everyday situations in which people express reflexive selves. Using participant observation and interview data, we examined two American elementary classrooms where children learn to express a type of “self-understanding self” called the enterprising child. We suggest that this form of self emerges through classroom talk characterized by the popular pedagogical concept of metacognition, which encourages the learner to be aware of her thinking and learning and, crucially, to express an awareness of herself as a thinker and learner. We emphasize an interactionist view toward the situational self, and argue that how teachers manage classroom discourse socializes children into venerating the dispositional tendencies that correspond with new capitalist workplaces. We conclude by discussing the implications this may have for modern personhood, symbolic inequality in classrooms, and the political economy of linguistic forms.
Zeolite adsorbent-MOF layered nanovalves for CH4 storage

Herein we demonstrate the use of metal organic framework layers coated on zeolite 5A adsorbent as effective nano-valves for CH4 storage at low storage pressure. The resultant nanovalved materials are capable of sealing high pressure CH4 inside the adsorbents and storing it at low pressure. Four different metal organic frameworks (MOF) were grown on 5A zeolite beads, and functioned as nanovalves. These MOFs included HKUST-1, Al-MOF, Ga-MOF, and Co-MOF. Ethanol, a cheap, renewable, and safe chemical, was employed as the nanovalve sealing molecule. It was found that the 2-crystallization step MOFs displayed the best performance regardless of the MOF coordinating metal. The methane storage capacity followed the order: Al-MOF > Ga-MOF > Co-MOF > Cu-MOF. The best performing material, 2-crystallization step Al-MOF, was able to store 33.6 (L (STP) CH4/L nanovalve adsorbent) excess CH4, corresponding to 46 % of the CH4 saturation capacity of the zeolite 5A bead adsorbent at <1 bar.
Movements and Gatekeepers: Congressional Response to Women's Movement Issues, 1900-1982

The relationship between social movements and Congress is a complex one which is not well understood. In this longitudinal study of congressional treatment of women's issues, we observe high levels of congressional action during periods when there is a mobilized women's movement compared with limited activity in non-movement periods. By contrasting bill introductions and the passage of laws, we attempt to specify Congress's role in responding to the presence of a social movement. We find little evidence that Congress systematically distorts the priorities of movements, but many indications that it controls the pace and timing of changes in policy.
Cavity-enhanced narrowband radiation of an electrically driven graphene light emitter

We present an electrically driven thermal emitter with spectrally enhanced narrowband radiation based on graphene and silicon photonic crystal cavities. Coupled to the cavity resonances, the emission of graphene show pronounced enhancement at the wavelengths around 1590 nm with a Q factor of 700.
Early Blockade of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Spinal-Cord-Injured Dogs Results in a Long-Term Increase in Bladder Compliance.

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by reduced bladder compliance, which contributes to adverse conditions including urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux. Reduced compliance is, in part, attributed to extensive remodeling of the bladder wall, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), known for their ability to remodel the ECM, improves bladder compliance in dogs with SCI. We first evaluated dogs with naturally occurring SCIs resulting from intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). After characterizing the natural history of urological recovery by cystometry in healthy dogs (n = 10) and dogs with SCIs (n = 20), we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in dogs with IVDH-associated SCIs to assess the efficacy of the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001, given within 48 h post-injury. The primary outcomes were bladder compliance, as measured by cystometry, and an ...
Deduced elasticity of sp3-bonded amorphous diamond

Amorphous diamond was recently synthesized using high temperature and pressure techniques [Z. Zeng, L. Yang, Q. Zeng, H. Lou, H. Sheng, J. Wen, D. J. Miller, Y. Meng, W. Yang, W. L. Mao, and H. K. Mao, Nat. Commun. 8, 322 (2017)]. Here, selected physical properties of this new phase of carbon are deduced using an extension of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRHx) methodology whereby single crystal values are averaged over all orientations to yield values for the amorphous analog. Specifically, the elastic constants were deduced to be c11 = 1156.5 GPa, c12 = 87.6 GPa, and c44 = 534.5 GPa, whereas the Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio were also estimated to be 1144.2 GPa, 443.9 GPa, and 0.0704, respectively. These numbers are compared with experimental and theoretical literature values for other allotropic forms, specifically, Lonsdaleite, and two forms each of graphite and amorphous carbon. It is unknown at this time how the high temperature and pressure synthesis approach employed influences the st...
Modified Huffman Code for Bandwidth Optimization Through Lossless Compression

In the interest of minimizing bandwidth usage, a modified Huffman code structure is proposed, with an accompanying algorithm, to achieve excellent lossless compression ratios while maintaining a quick compression and decompression process. This is important as the usage of internet bandwidth increases greatly with each passing year, and other existing compression models are either too slow, or not efficient enough. We then implement this data structure and algorithm using English text compression as the data and discuss its application to other data types. We conclude that if this algorithm were to be adopted by browsers and web servers, bandwidth usage could be reduced significantly, resulting in cut costs and a faster internet.
Evaluation of an analytical method for the determination of polybrominated (PBDD/PBDF) in human adipose

An analytical method designed for the determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in human adipose tissue was extended to determine the brominated analogs. The method was evaluated by determining recoveries of 2,3,7,8-substituted, mass-labeled, and unlabeled tetra- through hexabrominated dioxins and furans.
Basic MR Physics: Considerations for Behavioral Medicine and Neuropsychology

This chapter discusses the origin of the magnetic resonance signal and its evolution over time in the context of producing contrast in images. Typical methods of spatial encoding are covered along with considerations relating to contrast and noise. Basic image acquisition pulse sequences are presented along with a discussion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner hardware and safety issues.
Steering Control for Automated Lane Keeping

Kinematic and dynamic models for lateral vehicle dynamics were discussed in the previous chapter. This chapter discusses lateral control systems used to control a vehicle to stay in the center of its lane.
Gender, Ontology, and the Power of the Patriarchy: A Postmodern Feminist Analysis of Octavia Butler’s Wild Seed and Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale

Behind every man, there is a great woman—or so we have historically been told. But the view from the cheap seats—where the unpaid labor expected of “womankind” fundamentally shapes the ideas we hol...