cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Mania Presenting with Hypersexual Behavior and Gender Dysphoria that Resolved with Valproic Acid

Hypersexuality and gender dysphoria have both been described in the literature as symptoms of mania. Hypersexuality is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 as part of the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder. Gender dysphoria is less often described and its relation to mania remains unclear. This case report describes a young homosexual man presenting in a manic episode with co-morbid amphetamine abuse whose mania was marked by hypersexuality and the new onset desire to be a woman. Both of these symptoms resolved with the addition of valproic acid to antipsychotics. This case report presents the existing literature on hypersexuality and gender dysphoria in mania and describes a treatment option that has not been previously reported.
Pruritus in Polycythemia Vera Is More Prevalent in Non-Smokers and Is Independently Associated with a Lower Risk of Arterial Thrombosis.

Abstract Background: Pruritus in polycythemia vera (PV) has been associated with a high JAK2V617F allele burden (Tefferi et al. Cancer . 2006; 106:631, Vannucchi et al, Leukemia 2007, in press). However, there is limited information regarding clinical correlates of pruritus per se in PV. Accordingly, we conducted a large (n=418) retrospective study in PV to accurately assess the prevalence and severity of pruritus as well as its relationship with presenting clinical features, bone marrow JAK2V617F allele burden, and prognosis. Methods: The study cohort consisted of a consecutive group of patients with PV who fulfilled the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria and in whom information regarding the presence or absence of pruritus at diagnosis was fully documented. Pruritus was graded as being mild, moderate, or severe based on careful review of patient history. Results: i. Prevalence and severity of pruritus: A total of 418 patients fulfilled the above stipulated criteria for study inclusion (median age of 60 years; 56% males; median follow-up of 73 months). Of these, 131 (31%) experienced pruritus at time of initial diagnosis: mild in 97 patients (74%), moderate in 22 (17%), and severe in 12 (9%). Most patients with mild pruritus (n=92) received no specific therapy for pruritus whereas all 12 patients with severe pruritus required treatment; all 7 patients who received treatment with paroxetine responded. ii. Pruritus and JAK2V617F allele burden: Quantitative measurement of JAK2V617F was performed in 64 patients using genomic DNA from archived bone marrow obtained at the time of PV diagnosis. Mutational frequency was 97%; median mutant allele burden was 25.4% (range 0.2 - 93.3%). Among the 62 V617F-positive patients, 24 (39%) had pruritus; the proportion of patients in the upper and lower quartile allele burden ranges were 50% and 0% in the presence of pruritus and 18% and 34% in its absence (p=0.002). iii. Clinical correlates of pruritus: Pruritus was more prevalent in non-smokers (35% vs. 19%; p=0.004) and non-diabetics (33% vs. 16%; p=0.04) and was associated with a lower rate of arterial thrombosis at diagnosis (8% vs. 17%; p=0.01) as well as during follow-up (16% vs. 30%; p=0.003). These significant associations remained intact during multivariable analysis. Pruritus did not have an impact on the rate of leukemic or fibrotic transformation. Conclusions: Pruritus in PV is independently associated with a lower risk of arterial thrombosis despite high JAK2V617F allele burden and is also more prevalent in non-smokers. These observations suggest that pruritus might be a surrogate for an underlying platelet pathology with functional relevance.
Reduced-Drift Virtual Gyro from an Array of Low-Cost Gyros

A Kalman filter approach for combining the outputs of an array of high-drift gyros to obtain a virtual lower-drift gyro has been known in the literature for more than a decade. The success of this approach depends on the correlations of the random drift components of the individual gyros. However, no method of estimating these correlations has appeared in the literature. This paper presents an algorithm for obtaining the statistical model for an array of gyros, including the cross-correlations of the individual random drift components. In order to obtain this model, a new statistic, called the “Allan covariance” between two gyros, is introduced. The gyro array model can be used to obtain the Kalman filter-based (KFB) virtual gyro. Instead, we consider a virtual gyro obtained by taking a linear combination of individual gyro outputs. The gyro array model is used to calculate the optimal coefficients, as well as to derive a formula for the drift of the resulting virtual gyro. The drift formula for the optimal linear combination (OLC) virtual gyro is identical to that previously derived for the KFB virtual gyro. Thus, a Kalman filter is not necessary to obtain a minimum drift virtual gyro. The theoretical results of this paper are demonstrated using simulated as well as experimental data. In experimental results with a 28-gyro array, the OLC virtual gyro has a drift spectral density 40 times smaller than that obtained by taking the average of the gyro signals.
Targeting ligand–receptor interactions for development of cancer therapeutics

The biological importance and druggable properties of receptors and their cognate ligands have designated them as especially useful clinical targets. This significance continues to expand as new molecular insights underlying disease pathophysiology are uncovered. While both ligands and receptors have been exploited as drug targets, their differing biochemical properties require nuanced considerations for drug development, including where in the body they are located and how they are regulated on a cellular and molecular level. In this review we will discuss ligands and receptors as therapeutics targets, including their biodistribution and biological function. We provide examples of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used to modulate the activity of these targets, and discuss approaches for using engineered versions of ligands and receptors themselves for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Political Advertising in the 2016 Presidential Election

Scott Dunn and John C. Tedesco review the strategies that dominated the candidate’s televised advertising messages and discuss some of the opportunities seized or missed by the campaigns. Unlike the past several presidential elections, televised advertising spending did not exceed the prior election spending. In addition, the narratives of the campaigns were not driven by the rhetoric of the ads. Both candidates relied heavily upon negative advertising. The ads reinforced perceptions that neither candidate was fit for office. The authors suggest perhaps if either candidate had run a few more positive ads to give voters an affirmative reason to vote for them rather than trying to convince voters they were the lesser evil, they could have pulled away and won the election convincingly.
The morphological changes of the pancreas in hypovolemic shock and the effect of pretreatment with steroids

Previous reports from this laboratory have described the effect of hypovolemic shock of varying duration on the exocrine function of the pancreas, and the ability of steroids to reverse the inhibition of secretion observed. This report is a study of pancreatic morphology in prolonged hypovolemia, as well as the effect of steroid pretreatment on the pathology observed. Twelve mongrel dogs were divided into two groups, one with and one without steroid pretreatment. The animals were bled until at least 30–35% of their blood had been withdrawn, or until mean blood pressure (BP) dropped to around 60 mmHg. When BP dropped to 80–90% mmHg, six animals received intravenous (i.v.) prednisolone in 50 cc of 0.9% NaCl, at the rate of 10 cc/min, for a dosage of 30 mg/kg. Of the twelve dogs, six were exposed to 120 min of hypovolemia, and six to 180 min. At the end of the observed hypovolemic period, the blood withdrawn was quickly retransfused. After an hour of recovery, the animals were killed and their pancreases removed. The pancreases were weighted, fixed and examined by light microscopy. Three pancreases were obtained as control from animals not subjected to shock or steroids. The steroid-treated animals displayed an insignificant (5%) increase in pancreatic weight following prolonged hypovolemia. Untreated canine pancreases, on the other hand, showed a significant weight gain (37%,P<0.001) after 3 h of hypovolemia. Microscopically, the untreated group revealed marked interstitial edema, hemorrhage and inflammation, as well as focal acinar cell necrosis and fat necrosis, while in the steroid group only very mild edema and inflammatory changes were seen. This study indicates a beneficial effect of steroids on the morphological changes seen in shock-induced pancreatitis in canines and a possible use in the therapy of acute pancreatitis in man. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A00DX032 00003
Exercise Performance Impairments and Benefits of Exercise Training in Diabetes

There is a well-established relationship between physical activity, metabolism, diabetes, and cardiovascular (CV) risk. Numerous prospective epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse correlation between physical activity and mortality, both CV and all-cause mortality. This association is plausible when considered in the context of the clinical benefits of physical activity to improve blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and other CV risk factors. Despite the salutary effects of exercise on glycemic control and CV risk, recent literature indicates that people with diabetes do not exercise as much as nondiabetic individuals. This avoidance of exercise is likely due to both behavioral and functional factors. A functional reason for avoidance of exercise may relate to the linkage between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impairments in both maximal and submaximal exercise performance. Behavioral factors leading to avoidance of exercise may include fear of injury as well as other diabetes-related concerns. In this chapter, we will focus on the physiological limitations in exercise performance in T2DM as the behavioral factors are outside the scope of this chapter. We will review the clinical benefits of exercise for the treatment and prevention of T2DM and the scope of impaired exercise performance in people with T2DM. In addition, we will review the general mechanisms likely to be involved in impaired exercise performance, including metabolic, CV, and skeletal muscle-related factors. Finally, we will describe the benefits of exercise training and/or increasing habitual physical activity to improve the exercise impairments related to T2DM, as well as describing the clinical benefits of regular physical activity.
Integration of biomimicry and nanotechnology for significantly improved detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have received a great deal of scientific and clinical attention as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of many types of cancer. Given their potential significance in clinics, a variety of detection methods, utilizing the recent advances in nanotechnology and microfluidics, have been introduced in an effort of achieving clinically significant detection of CTCs. However, effective detection and isolation of CTCs still remain a tremendous challenge due to their extreme rarity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Among many approaches that are currently under development, this review paper focuses on a unique, promising approach that takes advantages of naturally occurring processes achievable through application of nanotechnology to realize significant improvement in sensitivity and specificity of CTC capture. We provide an overview of successful outcome of this biomimetic CTC capture system in detection of tumor cells from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical pilot studies. We also emphasize the clinical impact of CTCs as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and predictive prognosis, which provides a cost-effective, minimally invasive method that potentially replaces or supplements existing methods such as imaging technologies and solid tissue biopsy. In addition, their potential prognostic values as treatment guidelines and that ultimately help to realize personalized therapy are discussed.
Overlapping and concurrent surgery: A professional and ethical analysis

Overlapping and concurrent surgeries form a continuum of simultaneous surgical practice in which a single surgeon has 2 or more patients in operating rooms at the same time. Undeniably, in an acute life-or-limb-threatening presentation, it may be essential for a surgeon to care for 2 individual patients simultaneously. These situations are different from scheduled elective surgery. Concurrent surgery is defined as the attending surgeon not being present for "critical and key" portions of a procedure. Billing for concurrent surgical procedures is a violation of the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services guidelines. The American College of Surgeons Statement of Principles (April 2016), adopted by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, judges the practice of concurrent surgery to be "inappropriate." Overlapping surgery, although permissible under regulatory guidelines in the United States, presents substantial professional, bioethical, and legal concerns, and threatens our obligation as orthopaedic surgeons to respect the primacy of patient welfare and an individual's autonomy.
Perceived and Observed Food Environments, Eating Behaviors, and BMI.

Introduction This study examines relationships between perceived and observed nutrition environments, diet, and BMI, in order to examine the criterion validity of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey–Perceived (NEMS–P). Methods In a cross-sectional study, perceived nutrition environments were assessed (NEMS-P) among 221 adults from four neighborhoods in the Philadelphia area in 2010 and 2011. A total of 158 food store environments were observed using the NEMS–Stores. Data analyses were conducted in 2016. Bivariate Spearman rank correlations were used to examine relationships between perceived and observed availability, quality, and price of fruits and vegetables in respondents’ neighborhoods. Linear regression models were used to examine relationships between perceived neighborhood and home food environments and daily fruit and vegetable consumption and BMI. Results A significant, positive relationship was found between perceived and observed availability of fruits and vegetables in the neighborhood (r = 0.36, p Conclusions Responses to a self-reported survey to assess perceived food environments related to fruits and vegetables were significantly associated with observed nutrition environments, fruit and vegetable consumption, and BMI. The perceived prices of fruits and vegetables were modestly associated with BMI and warrant further testing in prospective studies. When observations of food environments are not feasible, residents’ survey responses are an acceptable indicator, with reasonable criterion validity.
Sampling Simulation Model Profile Data for Analysis

The capture of data about the events executed by a discrete event simulation can easily lead to very large trace data files. While disk space is relatively inexpensive and mostly capable of storing these large trace files, the manipulation and analysis of these large trace files can prove difficult. Furthermore, some types of analysis must be performed in-core and they cannot be performed with the trace data exceeds the size of the physical RAM where the analysis is performed. Because of these limits, it is often necessary to strictly limit the simulation run time to satisfy the analysis time memory limits. Experience with the DESMetrics tool suite (a collection of tools to analyze event trace files), demonstrates that our in-memory analysis tools are limited to trace files on the order of 10GB (on a machine with 24GB of RAM). Furthermore, even when it is possible to analyze large trace files, the run time costs of performing this analysis can take several days to complete. While high performance analysis of traces data is not strictly necessary, the results should be available within some reasonably bounded time frame. This paper explores techniques to overcome the limits of analyzing very large event trace files. While explorations for out-out-core analysis have been examined as part of this work, the run time costs for out-of-core processing can increase processing time 10-fold. As a result, the work reported here will focus on an approach to capture and analyze small samples from the event trace file. The work reported in this paper will examine how closely the analysis from sampling matches the analysis from a full trace file. Two techniques for comparison are presented. First a visual comparison of analysis results between the full trace and a trace sample are presented. Second, numerical quantification of the different analysis results (between the full trace and trace sample) will be reported using the Wasserstein, Directed Hausdorff, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance metrics. Finally, the ability to process trace samples from a very large trace file of 80GB is demonstrated.
Advancements in MOF characterization for enhanced MALDI sensing

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful technique that improved the mass spectrometry (MS) characterization of biological molecules. However this technique requires the mixing of matrix compound with the analyte of interest. The matrix compound used in MALDI process is not universal and usually depends heavily on the nature of analyte of interest being analyzed. As such there are many matrices that are used and without knowing the nature of your analyte it will be hard to predict which matrix is optimal for the most effective MALDI-MS analysis. Moreover, a high energy laser exposure is needed to initiate the ionization process through a charge transfer process between the matrix and analyte molecules. Recent advancement in the metalorganic framework (MOF) field introduced desirable surfaces that can be modified for various applications. Such MOFs can be synthesized with porous solid, and could have regular or predicted geometry. This project is introducing a novel idea of utilizing a modified MALDI substrate with MOF that can provide charge transfer between immobilized functionalized groups and analyte molecules that mimic the solvation process when a solution matrix is used. Begin the abstract two lines below author names and addresses.
Mechanisms of renal damage in chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy).

The relation between vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis was first pointed out in a study of patients with neurogenic bladder (HUtch 1952). Almost 10 years later, studies done by HOdson and EDwards (1960) indicated the importance of intrarenal reflux in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis. Further studies by HOdson et al. (1975), using the pig as an experimental animal, showed that sterile reflux could produce renal scars in the areas of intrarenal reflux. His model, however, required bladder neck obstruction and a high voiding pressure in order to produce the high-grade reflux. While Hodson felt that sterile reflux damages the kidney, RANSLEY and RISDON’S study (1978) in the same model did not confirm Hodson’s work, and they showed that scarring from sterile reflux would occur only if the bladder neck obstruction was severe enough to cause high-pressure reflux. This has been confirmed in another pig model of obstructive reflux (JOrgeson 1986). We also confirmed these latter studies in the monkey, showing that after bladder neck obstruction, increased voiding and resting bladder pressure as well as peristaltic failure of the ureter led to transmission of these high pressures to the kidney with renal damage and interstitial nephritis (MEndoza and ROberts 1983). Neurogenic sphincteric dysfunction such as that which occurs in myelodysplasia may also cause high-pressure voiding, which will cause renal damage whether reflux is present or not, as shown in studies of myelodysplastic patients (MCGUIRE et al. 1981). The studies of Allen (1977), HInman (1973), KOff and MUrtagh (1984), and VAn Gool (1979) all showed that the dysfunctional voiding which can occur in neurologically normal children, may cause not only reflux, but also renal damage from voiding pressures as high as 150 cm of water.
Medical Decision-Making Research in Surgery

As surgeons, we make complex decisions every day about whether or not to operate on a patient, and which operation to perform. Some of these decisions are challenging because they involve significant tradeoffs between the risks and benefits of the surgery, such as the risk of complications versus curing a cancer. Other decisions are challenging because they involve deeply personal issues for the patient, such as continence or breast appearance. The ability of surgeons and patients to make these decisions has important implications for health outcomes, including quality of life and health care resource utilization. The science of evaluating, facilitating, and intervening on medical decisions is a relatively young field, which has evolved from other disciplines, including psychology, economics, health behavior, and engineering.
Reorientation of membrane polypeptides during erythrocyte maturation

Messenger RNA extracted from the erythroleukemic cell line K562 was translated in vitro and the translation products reacted with an antiserum raised against human erythrocyte ghosts. Polypeptides immunoprecipitated by the antiserum were characterized by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The antiserum immunoprecipitated polypeptides with nominal molecular weights of 37,000 (p37), 20,000 (p20), 19,000 (p19), 18,000 (p18), 14,000 (p14), 13,000 (p13), and 11,000 (p11) daltons. Since the antiserum was raised against antigenic determinants present on both the inner and outer surface of the red cell membrane, differential absorption of antiserum with intact red cells, or ghosts, was used to localize the translation products to the inner or outer membrane surface. Absorption was also used to determine if any of the immunoprecipitated translation products represented membrane markers for the erythroid lineage. Absorption of the antiserum with red cell ghosts removed all antibodies reacting with in vitro translation products. Absorption with intact cells from various lineages removed anti-p20 antibodies and did not absorb anti- p19 or anti-p18 antibodies. Absorption with intact cells from all lineages except mature erythrocytes absorbed anti-p37, anti-p14, and anti-p13 antibodies, suggesting that these antigens are expressed on the outer membrane surface. Mature erythrocytes were incapable of absorbing these antibody populations, suggesting a lineage-specific reorientation of these antigens in the membrane during erythropoiesis.
Modeling and robust control of two-link planar nonlinear robotic systems

The paper first develops a new detail modeling of twolink planar nonlinear robotic systems for model-based manipulator control systems. The new model is practical by considering not only the robot arm joint mass, but also the robot arms distributed mass. By a special case of the new model, it also corrects an error of the common model with the joint mass only in the literature. Furthermore, in view of numerous uncertainties, the paper presents a robust control with pole clustering for the robotic systems with this new detail modeling. The designed robust control law provides an H∞ disturbance rejection by a prescribed attenuation index δ. Moreover, the designed robust control law guarantees designed closed-loop system poles robustly located in a vertical strip on the left-half complex plane in face of the parameter errors and state-dependent perturbations. Thus, the designed robust control system has robust stability and robust pole clustering. Two examples demonstrate the results. The new results may be used in practice.
On the Concept of Child Advocacy: A Review of Theory and Methodology.

As the child advocacy movement of the early 1970s gathered momentum, school psychology wholeheartedly embraced the concept of school psychologist as child advocate. Although professional organizati...
Extreme Value Statistics Compatible with Random Field Theory

Classical extreme value distributions represent maxima or minima of a large number of independent, identically distributed random variables. Their application to modeling extremes of homogeneous random media is usually motivated by the idealization of a solid body as an assemblage of elements with statistically independent “element properties”. In this paper we take a direct approach to deriving extreme value distributions, based on the theory of homogeneous random fields. It accounts explicitly for statistical dependence and provides information about the size and occurrence frequency of isolated regions of excursion above prescribed high (or below low) levels. After summarizing the derivation of excursion statistics for n-dimensional homogeneous random fields, some specific results are reviewed for Gaussian fields [1]. The approach further leads to new interpretations of the Weibull and Gumbel Type I extreme value distributions and their parameters.
Beach nourishment is not a sustainable strategy to mitigate climate change

Abstract Some studies published over the past several decades have concluded nourishment of oceanic beaches is a viable strategy to mitigate climate change. However, these were generally too limited in scope to accurately evaluate beach nourishment because each omit one or more of the following: (1) a realistic assessment of potential borrow area sand volume, (2) native beach compatibility, (3) construction costs, (4) all vulnerable geomorphic elements of the coastal zone, and (5) environmental impacts. When all of these parameters are considered, the results are markedly different. To demonstrate our point, we evaluated the recommendations of Houston (2017) using all five parameters. Contrary to Houston, we provide multiple lines of evidence that beach fill projects are not a sustainable strategy to protect or defend oceanic beaches of the Florida panhandle (USA), nor likely most of the world's developed coastlines at risk to the effects of climate change. The nourishment of oceanic beaches as historically constructed will surely continue over the next several decades. But, it must be done as an interim strategy during the formulation and implementation of a robust, long-term adaptive management strategy that incorporates managed withdrawal from the coastline.
Predictors and benefits of microhabitat selection for offspring deposition in golden rocket frogs.

The first file, "Deposition Site Data.csv", contains data associated with abiotic and biotic factors quantified for oviposition sites and tadpole rearing sites used (i) to generate a priori logistic regression models for model comparison using Akaike's Information Criterion presented in the main text and (ii) for univariate analyses presented in Supporting Information of the referenced publication. The second file, "Clutch Success Data.csv", contains data associated with abiotic and biotic factors quantified for phytotelmata sites with successful clutches and phytotelmata sites with unsuccessful clutches used (i) to generate a priori logistic regression models for model comparison using Akaike's Information Criterion presented in the main text and (ii) for univariate analyses presented in Supporting Information of the referenced publication.
Injection of SVF combined with HBO2 improves viability of unfavorably designed flaps.

Purpose Soft-tissue reconstruction is complicated by ischemia and reperfusion injury. Animal trials have documented the independent healing benefits of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBOP) and stem cell delivery in cutaneous flaps. We explored the role of HBOP and stem cell delivery in flap preconditioning and survival. Methods We designed a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) delivery on flap survival. Of the first 24 guinea pigs, six received neither HBOP nor injections, and six underwent HBOP without injections. Of the remaining 12 animals, six received SVF or saline injections in the absence of HBOP. The final six animals received autologous SVF injections or saline injections followed by four HBOP treatments. To enhance clinical relevance, a group of 6 animals underwent HBOP prior to SVF or saline injections. Thereafter, an unfavorably designed cutaneous flap was elevated and assessed via study-blinded observer, as well as by quantification of TUNEL-positive cells. Results Distal necrosis of the tissue flap was more extensive in the no-intervention group (45% of flap). Flaps treated with HBOP only and those treated with SVF injections demonstrated only 38.2% and 27.1% distal necrosis. The most significant difference occurred in the combination HBOP and SVF group, where distal necrosis was only 21.1% of the flap (p ≤ 0.05). SVF delivery immediately prior to flap elevation further minimized distal necrosis of the flap to 15.6%. These findings were mirrored by the TUNEL assay. Conclusions Combining HBOP and SVF improves flap viability.
A novel P3-type Na2/3Mg1/3Mn2/3O2 as high capacity sodium-ion cathode using reversible oxygen redox

There is great interest in the discovery of Li/Na-ion cathode materials with capacity exceeding the limitation of conventional intercalation-based oxide cathodes. One plausible but challenging path is to reversibly use the charge compensation of both lattice oxygen redox and transition metal (TM) redox. Here, we report that lattice oxygen redox alone contributes over 190 mA h g−1 charge capacity (cut-off at 4.65 V vs. Na+/Na) for the newly synthesized P3-type Na2/3Mg1/3Mn(IV)2/3O2. Similar amounts of discharge capacity are reversibly achieved. The discharge capacity exceeds 220 mA h g−1 when Mn3+/Mn4+ redox is partially used in addition to the oxygen redox reaction. This represents one of the highest energy density sodium-ion cathodes with superior low-cost. Our results reveal that cations with strong ionic bonding nature with oxygen (such as Mg2+) are very effective in inducing the reversible oxygen redox reaction. We also identified the origin of voltage hysteresis to be a P3-to-O3 phase transition in concomitance with Mg2+ migration, suggesting further structure design that reduces the structure transition induced cation migration is critical for increasing the energy efficiency of the oxygen redox reactions.
Remembering moral and immoral actions in constructing the self.

Having positive moral traits is central to one’s sense of self, and people generally are motivated to maintain a positive view of the self in the present. But it remains unclear how people foster a positive, morally good view of the self in the present. We suggest that recollecting and reflecting on moral and immoral actions from the personal past jointly help to construct a morally good view of the current self in complementary ways. More specifically, across four studies we investigated the extent to which people believe they have changed over time after recollecting their own moral or immoral behaviors from the personal past. Our results indicate that recollecting past immoral actions is associated with stronger impressions of dissimilarity and change in the sense of self over time than recollecting past moral actions. These effects held for diverse domains of morality (i.e., honesty/dishonesty, helping/harming, fairness/unfairness, and loyalty/disloyalty), and they remained even after accounting for objective, calendar time. Further supporting a motivational explanation, these effects held when people recollected their own past actions but not when they recollected the actions of other people.
Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is Associated with Vitamin A (VA) Status and Increased Circulating Hemoglobin (Hb) During Pregnancy in Nepalese Women

Erythropoiesis is compromised by vitamin A (VA) deficiency, and VA acts on the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis. Whether VA works through IGF-1 to enhance erythropoiesis in pregnancy has not been explored...
Interest Inventory Interpretation: Implications for Research and Practice

Strategies for studying effective methods of test interpretation are discussed. Problems currently encountered in interpreting interest inventories are outlined with some suggestions for solutions....
Ever-ready for action: Spatial effects on motor system excitability

Abstract Modulation of excitability in the motor system can be observed before overt movements but also in response to covert invitations to act. We asked whether such changes can be induced in the absence of even covert motor instructions, namely, as a function of the location of the hand with reference to the body. Participants received single-pulse TMS over the motor cortex while they placed their contralateral hand (right hand in Experiment 1, left hand in Experiment 2) to the right or left of their body midline, and looked either at or away from their hand. In both experiments, greater excitability was observed when gaze was directed to the right. This finding is interpreted as a consequence of left brain lateralization of motor attention. Contrary to our expectations, we furthermore consistently observed greater excitability when gaze was directed away from the hand. To account for this finding, we introduce the concept of “surveillance attention” which, we speculate, modulates cortical gain, and thereby cortical excitability. Its function is to increase readiness to act in non-foveated regions of space. Such a process confers an advantage in environments, like those in which humans evolved, in which threatening stimuli may appear unexpectedly, and at any time.
Survey of biological network alignment: cross-species analysis of conserved systems

Comparative analysis of PPI networks between species is a significant step for predicting evolutionary conserved components or sub-structures in a system level. Network alignment is a computational technique to map similar components between networks. Aligning genome-wide PPI networks maps functionally similar nodes and edges and identifies conserved interactions or conserved modules. Existing network alignment algorithms can be categorized into two groups: global and local network alignment. Global network alignment algorithms search for the best alignment of entire networks, whereas local network alignment algorithms produce the aligned pairs of small sub-networks with the highest scores. In this survey, we summarize prominent network alignment algorithms in both categories. We also present the methods to evaluate network alignment algorithms. When we compare the evaluation results of selected network alignment algorithms, PrimAlign outperformed the other global network alignment algorithms. Among local network alignment algorithms, LeP-rimAlign was superior to the competitors. We conclude with a future direction to expand the applicability of network alignment techniques.
Compatibility Score for Rational Electrophile Selection in Pd/NBE Cooperative Catalysis.

Summary A mechanistically guided approach is developed to predict electrophile compatibility in the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis for the ipso and ortho difunctionalization of aryl halides. A key challenge in these reactions is to identify orthogonal electrophile and aryl halide starting materials that react selectively with different transition-metal complexes in separate oxidative addition events in the catalytic cycle. We performed detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies to identify the catalytically active Pd(II) intermediate and the substrate-dependent mechanisms in reactions with various types of carbon and nitrogen electrophiles. We introduced the concept of electrophile compatibility score (ECS) to rationally select electrophiles based on the orthogonal reactivity of electrophile and aryl halide toward the Pd(0) and Pd(II) complexes. This approach was applied to predict the electrophile compatibility in the Pd/NBE cooperative catalysis with a variety of electrophilic coupling partners used in alkylation, arylation, amination, and acylation reactions.
Scalable Cloud-Based Tool to Empirically Detect Vulnerable Code Patterns in Large-Scale System

Open-source development is a well-accepted model by software development communities from both academia and industry. Many companies and corporations adopt and use open source systems daily as a core component in their business activities. One of the most important factors that will determine the success of this model is security. The security of software systems is a combination of source code quality, stability, and vulnerabilities. Software vulnerabilities can be introduced by many factors, some of which are the way that programmers write their programs, their background on security standards, and safe programming practices. This paper describes a cloud-based software tool developed by the authors that can help our computing communities in both academia and research to evaluate their software systems on the source code level to help them identify and detect some of the well-known source code vulnerability patterns that can cause security issues if maliciously exploited. The paper also presents an empirical study on the prevalence of vulnerable C/C++ coding patterns inside three large-scale open-source systems comprising more than 42 million lines of source code. The historical data for the studied systems is presented over five years to uncover some historical trends to highlight the changes in the system analyzed over time concerning the presence of some of the source code vulnerabilities patterns. The majority of results show the continued usage of known unsafe functions.
Global Studies Certificates As An Instrument for Building Capacity for Community College Internationalization

Community college campus internationalization is only represented in a small portion of the institutions in the U.S. Global Studies Certificates (GSC) are in an even smaller proportion of community colleges, but offers a credentialed program for curricular and co-curricular activities to be used to work with campus internationalization. This pilot study looks at 23 community colleges with established GSC programs. Building capacity for campus internationalization cannot be just a tiny effort, it must be a comprehensive effort involving administration, faculty, staff and students. Utilizing Raby’s (2012) International Education model and Schultz’s (1960) Human Capital Theory in education, GSC’s will be examined to determine the effectiveness to establish pathways for integration of campus internationalization into the mission, outcomes, and culture of the campuses examined.
Rapid Intraoperative Diagnosis of Meningiomas using Stimulated Raman Histology.

Background Frozen section is a time- and labor-intensive method for intraoperative pathologic diagnosis. As a result, there exists a need to expedite and streamline the acquisition and interpretation of diagnostic histologic data to inform surgical decision making. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) is an emerging technology that may serve to expedite the acquisition and interpretation of histologic data in the operating room. Methods A blinded, prospective cohort study of 82 patients undergoing resection for tumors of the central nervous system was performed. Twenty-six patients with diagnoses of meningioma on SRH, frozen, or permanent section were included in this subanalysis. Diagnostic time and accuracy of stimulated SRH histology images were compared with the gold standard (frozen section). Agreement of SRH and frozen section diagnosis with permanent section (true) diagnosis was also compared. Results Mean time-to-diagnosis was significantly shorter for SRH-mediated diagnosis compared with frozen section (9.2 vs. 35.8, P Conclusions SRH is a promising adjuvant technology that may expedite intraoperative neuropathologic consult without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy.
The BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Elicits Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in People Living with HIV.

Previous studies have shown that certain vaccines induce suboptimal responses in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have not been fully characterized in these patients. Here we show that the BNT162b2 vaccine induces robust immune responses comparable to responses in healthy donors.
Green morays (Gymnothorax funebris) have sedentary ways in mangrove bays, but also ontogenetic forays to reef enclaves

Surprisingly, little is known about basic life history of the largest moray eel species in the Caribbean region, the green moray eel (Gymnothorax funebris). Sixteen eels were captured from the mangrove fringe in multiple bays on St. Croix, USVI, implanted with coded acoustic transmitters, and their movements were tracked for up to 11 months using an array of 37 stationary acoustic receivers. They exhibited high site fidelity in the bays during their residence, using the same general parts of individual bays and did not switch bays except for one individual. There was no relationship between eel size (mean TL = 83 cm, range = 54–126 cm) and home range size (mean area of 95% KUD = 5.8 ha ± 0.7 SE). Most individuals were more frequently detected at night than during the day suggesting greater nocturnal activity. Several of the larger eels (mean TL = 93 cm ± 5.9 SE) showed clear and permanent emigration tracks out of the mangrove estuary to coral reef habitats offshore. For some individuals, these habitat shifts were preceded by exploratory movements away from the eel’s typical home range the night before emigration. All final emigration events took place nocturnally, happened during a single night, and occurred during months from December to May. Mean emigration speed was 3.4 km/h. This study is the first documentation of an ontogenetic habitat shift in moray eels, as well as the first determination of home range size for this species and their site fidelity in mangrove habitats.
The Effects of Short- and Long-term Exposures to Air Pollution on microRNA in Participants of the Normative Aging Study (NAS)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Previous research have suggested the link between air pollution and epigenetic changes such as microRNA expression. In this study, we examined whether short- and long-term expos...
The Hybrid’s Handmaiden: Media Coverage of the Special Court for Sierra Leone

As the first international war crimes court since Nuremberg to be located in the country where the crimes occurred, the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) has had a unique opportunity to directly impact its primary audience – Sierra Leoneans. This article examines the interactions between the SCSL and the local, West African media (rather than the international media) – in particular, Sierra Leonean journalists. Based on interviews with Special Court officials, third-party observers, and West African journalists, this paper analyzes the approach the SCSL has adopted with regard to media relations and its subsequent effect on both local coverage of the Court and the development of journalism in Sierra Leone. This topic remains unexplored with regard to the Special Court. This article argues that the SCSL has succeed in its relations with local media where past international criminal courts have failed, largely through the early creation of proactive outreach and public affairs sections. The Court has provided unprecedented access to the local media, facilitating media coverage through both traditional and innovative means. However, there remain areas of improvement for future courts: the SCSL has failed to invest in local media as part of its legacy, overlooking outreach to journalists and leaving the task of training and support to the patchy work of NGOs. In the long run, this undermines the legacy of the SCSL, which remains a predominantly foreign institution in a country facing major issues of corruption and government accountability. Part I explicates various reasons for the necessity of media coverage of criminal trials; Part II reviews media coverage of preceding war crimes courts; Part III considers the effects of the long war on the media in Sierra Leone, and the current state of journalism in that country; Part IV inspects the SCSL’s media strategy and interactions with the local media; Part V examines coverage of the SCSL in the local media; and Part VI discusses the shortcomings of the SCSL’s approach to the media.
Conservation Development and Smart Growth: A Development Technique for Open Space Protection

Excerpt] In communities across the United States the pressures of population and economic growth, and the market interactions between the two, are spurring unprecedented residential, industrial and commercial development. Such development is rapidly accelerating around urban centers as declining transportation costs, increasing residential and commercial demands, and both direct and indirect governmental incentives make relatively inexpensive agricultural land surrounding such centers attractive for private development. This development has led to the transformation of small town America and its accompanying countryside into a sprawling concrete land of highways, residential subdivisions, strip malls and suburban industrial parks. Farmland surrounding urban centers has been paved over and planted with homes and malls while the historic main streets, neighborhoods, and larger central business districts of America's major cities have seen a decline in population and overall economic health.
Developmental Toxicity of Metals: Implications for Public Health

The second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) conducted between 1976 and 1980 has provided the most comprehensive epidemiological assessment of lead absorption in the general population ever made in the United States. The data indicate that an estimated 4.0 percent, or approximately 675,000 children, aged six months to five years, have blood lead concentrations greater than the upper limit of the currently accepted “normal” range, namely ≥ 30 μg Pb/dl whole blood. The influence of family income and residence is striking. Increased lead absorption (PbB ≥ 30 μg, PbB = μg Pb/dl whole blood) is the highest among low income urban black children (18.6 percent) and the lowest among rural white children (1.2 percent). The NHANES II data suggest that average PbB for the entire population decreased from 15.8 μg to 10 ng Pb/dl whole blood between 1976 and 1980. This decrease may reflect decreases in both the lead content of food and in the use of lead additives in gasoline. If this trend is confirmed, it is likely that only old deteriorated lead-painted housing will remain as the primary environmental source of lead for young children in the United States. The prevalence of increased lead absorption in United States children, as estimated from NHANES II data, appears higher than that based upon reports from other industrialized countries.