cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex assignment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens) based on plasma sex hormone and vitellogenin levels

Summary This study focused on identifying the sex of lake sturgeon by measuring the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the phosphoprotein vitellogenin (Vtg) in blood plasma by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and evaluating these techniques as tools in lake sturgeon population management. Surveys of the St Clair River (SCR) lake sturgeon population have characterized it as rebounding by having steady or increasing recruitment since 1997. However, researchers have not been able to effectively determine the sex for most of the sturgeon they capture because few fish caught during surveys are releasing gametes. A total of 115 fish were sampled from May through June in 2004 and 2005 from the SCR, Michigan, USA. Of these, only four females and eight males were verified (i.e. they were releasing gametes at time of capture), resulting in very few fish with which to validate blood hormone and Vtg biomarkers of sex. Fifty-six percent of the fish were assigned a sex designation based on biomarker criteria. Correspondence between actual gonadal sex and biomarker-directed classification was good for the small subset of fish for which gonadal sex was definitively determined. Moreover, application of the steroid values in a predictive sex assignment model developed for white sturgeon misclassified only the same two fish that were misclassified with the steroid and Vtg biomarkers. The experimental results suggest a sex ratio of 1 : 2.7 (F:M), however more conclusive methods are needed to confirm this ratio because so few fish were available for sex validation. Of the 43 males, 14 were within the legal slot limit, 11 were smaller than 1067 mm total length (TL), and 18 were larger than 1270 mm TL. All 15 females were larger than 1270 mm TL, and thus protected by the slot limit criteria. Considering that lake sturgeon are threatened in Michigan, an advantage to using blood plasma assays was that fish were not harmed, and sample collection was quick, simple, and inexpensive. However, because a sufficiently large number of fish could not be validated for gonadal sex due to handling restrictions given the fish’s protected status, assignment of sex is not based on a robust multi-variate model. An immediate alternative may be to use other non-invasive field methods (e.g. ultrasound, fiber-optic endoscope) to provide a more timely classification while establishing well-validated plasma hormone and Vtg-based predictive models for sex assignment of lake sturgeon.
Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp85 Associates with the BKRF2 Gene Product and Is Incompletely Processed as a Recombinant Protein

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) glycoprotein gp85 is the EBV gH homologue and is thought to be involved in penetration of virus through the B-cell membrane. However, although the glycoprotein is functionally important, it is found in very low abundance in infected cells and in the virion. To facilitate analysis of the structure and function of gp85, recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed to express the glycoprotein. Recombinant gp85 was recognized by polyclonal antibody made to a peptide derived from the gp85 sequence, but not by monoclonal antibodies that reacted with the native molecule. Unlike native gp85, the recombinant protein contained no sugars that were resistant to endoglycosidase H and it was not transported to the cell surface. The native protein was found to be associated with two additional glycoproteins with apparent M(r) of 25,000 and 42,000. Antibody made to a peptide derived from a sequence in the BKRF2 open reading frame immunoprecipitated glycoproteins with the mobilities of gp85 and its associated 25,000-Da molecule. These data suggest that the BKRF2 gene product, like that encoded by its positional homologues gL of herpes simplex virus and the UL115 gene product of human cytomegalovirus, associates with gp85 and may be required for glycoprotein processing.
In Papanicolaou smears, benign appearing endometrial cells bear no significance in predicting uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas

Reporting of benign appearing endometrial cells (BECs) in the Papanicolaou smears of women aging 40 years or older was mandated in the Bethesda System 2001 aiming at predicting the uterine pathology. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the BECs in patients in our Medical Center. A two-arm study was designed in ≥40-years-old women with BECs and without BECs in their Pap smears from January 2002 to December 2004. Of 21,965 patients, 882 had BECs in their Pap smears and the rest did not. Among the patients with BECs, 186 (study group) and among those without BECs, 2,064 (control group) had histopathologic follow-ups. There were 4 patients in the study and 47 in the control groups who had uterine adenocarcinoma. The Chi-square P-value for adenocarcinoma between the two groups was 0.91; indicating insignificant differences between the two groups. We conclude that presence of BECs in the Pap smears of ≥40-years-old women signal no significance as a harbinger of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Women and HIV/AIDS: Confronting the Crisis

Ann Erb-Leoncavallo, Gillian Holmes, Stephanie Urdang, Micol Zarb, Gloria Jacobs, Joann Vanek. Geneva/New York: UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNIFEM, 2004.“HIV/AIDS is no longer primarily striking men.”Thus opens...
Photoemission from condensed layers of H2 on Cu and Au

We have measured the photoemission of monolayers as well as thick films of H2 molecules condensed onto Cu and Au. The adsorbed monolayer exhibits a relaxation energy of 1.75 eV whereas we see a bandlike 1s state for thick layers having a bandwidth of 1.2 eV. We also observe energy loss features which are in agreement with previous electron energy loss and optical absorption studies.
Transformation of Covariance Matrices Between Inertial and Earth-Fixed Coordinates

T RANSFORMING covariance matrices between coordinate frames is straightforward when the transformation is exactly known. Often, however, uncertainty exists in the parameters that describe the transformation. Many realistic examples of such transformations exist. Consider, for example, the transformation between the local body-fixed coordinate frame of a moving object, such as an airplane or spacecraft, and the global coordinate frame in which the object’s motion is described. If the position and orientation of the object are not exactly known, then the coordinate transformation will not be exactly known. Another example is the transformation between Earth-centered inertial (ECI) coordinates and Earth-centered, Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinates. In this case, uncertainty in the orientation of Earth translates into uncertainty in the transformation. It is straightforward to demonstrate how neglecting the transformation uncertainty would lead to errors in the transformed covariances. Consider the covariance matrix of the ECEF position of an object on Earth’s surface. If the object’s position were exactly known, the covariance matrix would contain all zeros. A straightforward transformation into the ECI frame (neglecting transformation uncertainty) would yield a transformed covariance matrix containing all zeros. However, it is obvious that there should actually be some uncertainty in the ECI position of the object due to Earthorientation uncertainties. Described in this Note is a general method for transforming covariances between coordinate frames when the coordinate transformation depends on uncertain parameters. The general method is used to derive a formula for transforming position and velocity covariances between the ECI and ECEF frames. This formula is then applied to actual Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and the results are discussed.
Planetary science: picturing a recently active Mars.

Discoveries made with the High Resolution Stereo Camera on the Mars Express orbiter show that, as recently as a few million years ago, the surface of Mars was being shaped by flowing water, lava and ice.
Influences of electromagnetic articulography sensors on speech produced by healthy adults and individuals with aphasia and apraxia.

Purpose This study examined whether the intraoral transducers used in electromagnetic articulography (EMA) interfere with speech and whether there is an added risk of interference when EMA systems ...
Numerical modeling of a vortex stabilized arcjet thruster

A numerical method to solve the equations governing a vortex stabilized arcjet thruster is being developed. The model will allow the effects of swirling flow and geometry on arcjet thruster performance to be determined. The propellant flow equations, i.e., the axisymmetric, thin layer, Navier-Stokes equations, are solved using a Gauss-Siedel line-relaxation procedure. An implicit FTCS method is used to solve the electromagnetic field equations. A grid generation scheme was developed for an arbitrary arcjet geometry. The model will allow the radial and axial components of velocity and current distributions to be determined from a region upstream of the cathode, through the constrictor, to the exit plane of the nozzle.
Pollen Tube Localization Implies a Role in Pollen–Pistil Interactions for the Tomato Receptor-like Protein Kinases LePRK1 and LePRK2

We screened for pollen-specific kinase genes, which are potential signal transduction components of pollen-pistil interactions, and isolated two structurally related receptor-like kinases (RLKs) from tomato, LePRK1 and LePRK2. These kinases are similar to a pollen-expressed RLK from petunia, but they are expressed later during pollen development than is the petunia RLK. The abundance of LePRK2 increases when pollen germinates, but LePRK1 remains constant. Both LePRK1 and LePRK2 are localized to the plasma membrane/cell wall of growing pollen tubes. Both kinase domains have kinase activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. In phosphorylation assays with pollen membrane preparations, LePRK2, but not LePRK1, is phosphorylated, and the addition of tomato style, but not leaf, extracts to these membrane preparations results at least partially in specific dephosphorylation of LePRK2. Taken together, these results suggest that LePRK1 and LePRK2 play different roles in postpollination events and that at least LePRK2 may mediate some pistil response.
Geometry and cell density of rat craniofacial sutures during early postnatal development and upon in vivo cyclic loading.

Cranial sutures are unique to skull bones and consist of multiple connective tissue cell lineages such as mesenchymal cells, fibroblast-like cells, and osteogenic cells, in addition to osteoclasts. Mechanical modulation of intramembranous bone growth in the craniofacial suture is not well understood, especially during postnatal development. This study investigated whether in vivo mechanical forces regulate sutural growth responses in postnatal rats. Cyclic compressive forces with a peak-to-peak magnitude of 300 mN and 4 Hz were applied to the maxilla in each of 17-, 23-and 32-day-old rats for 20 min/day over 5 consecutive days. Computerized histomorphometric analysis revealed that cyclic loading significantly increased the average geometric widths of the premaxillomaxillary suture (PMS) to 86 ± 7 μm, 99 ± 12 μm, and 149 ± 30 μm, representing 32%, 50%, and 39% increases for P17, P23, and P32 in comparison with age-matched sham controls. For the nasofrontal suture (NFS), cyclic loading significantly increased the average sutural widths to 88 ± 15 μm, 92 ± 10 μm, and 100 ± 14 μm, representing 33%, 24%, and 32% increases for P17, P23, and P32 relative to age-matched controls. The average PMS cell density upon cyclic loading was 10182 ± 132 cells/mm 2 , 9752 ± 661 cells/mm 2 , and 9521 ± 628 cells/mm 2 , representing 62%, 35%, and 30% increases for P17, P23, and P32 in comparison with age-matched controls. For the NFS, cyclic loading increased the average cell density to 9884 ± 893 cells/mm 2 , 9818 ± 1091 cells/mm 2 , 9355 ± 661 cells/mm 2 , representing 44%, 46% and 40% increases at P17, P23, and P32 respectively. Osteoblast-occupied sutural bone surface was significantly greater in cyclically loaded sutures for P17, P23, and P32 than corresponding controls for both the PMS and NFS. On the other hand, cyclic loading elicited significantly higher sutural bone surface populated by osteoclast-like cells by P17 and P23 days, but not P32 days, for the PMS. For the NFS, sutural osteoclast surface was significantly higher upon cyclic loading for P23 and P32 days, but not P17. The present data demonstrate that cyclic forces are potent stimuli for modulating postnatal sutural development, potentially by stimulating both osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Cyclic loading may have clinical implications as novel mechanical stimuli for modulating craniofacial growth in patients suffering from craniofacial anomalies and dentofacial deformities.
What Mom and Dad Don’t Know CAN Hurt You: Adolescent Disclosure to and Secrecy From Parents About Type 1 Diabetes

Objective To examine how adolescent disclosure to and secrecy from parents were related to parental knowledge of diabetes management behaviors, and to adolescent adherence, metabolic control, and depressive symptoms. Methods A total of 183 adolescents with type 1 diabetes reported on disclosure to and secrecy from parents regarding diabetes management, adherence behaviors, depressive symptoms, and perceptions of parental knowledge. Mothers and fathers reported on their own knowledge. Results Adolescent disclosure was associated with all reporters’ perceptions of knowledge. Secrecy from both parents moderated the relationship between disclosure and adherence, and secrecy from fathers moderated the relationship between disclosure to fathers and glycosylated hemoglobin level. In all cases, disclosure was associated with better diabetes management only when secrecy was low. Finally, higher secrecy related to greater adolescent depressive symptoms. Conclusions Disclosure to parents appears to be an important component of how parents get their knowledge about adolescents’ diabetes management, but may be most beneficial for diabetes management when it occurs together with low secrecy.
Bone Marrow Signal Alteration in the Extremities

Received May 14, 2010; accepted after revision September 28, 2010. A lterations in bone marrow signal are encountered on a daily basis when interpreting MRI of the extremities. Distinguishing benign from malignant entities requires a thorough understanding of the pathologic processes that occur in the extremities. Disease entities can be broadly grouped into the categories of normal marrow or marrow reconversion, tumor, trauma, infection, inflammation, ischemia, radiation or chemo­ therapy, degenerative disease, and miscellaneous disorders (Table 1). Analysis of marrow abnormalities is based on a pattern approach that includes an evaluation of the distribution, location, signal characteristics, and morphology of the entity. Marrow signal distribution can be classified as diffuse, multifocal, or focal (Table 2), although there is considerable overlap among the entities. The location of the signal abnormality can further narrow the list of diagnostic possibilities. For example, osteochondral lesions, avascular necrosis, and degenerative changes have a predilection to involve subchondral bone. Neoplasms, such as giant cell tumors and chondroblastomas, occur in the epiphyseal region. Most processes affecting the bone marrow show low signal on T1­weighted imaging and increased signal on T2­weighted and STIR imaging. It is important to compare the T1 signal of the process with skeletal muscle because T1 hypointensity relative to skeletal muscle is often seen in pathologic conditions. Finally, there must be an evaluation of morphologic characteristics of the lesion, such as whether the margins are smooth or irregular and whether there is evidence of cortical penetration or soft­tissue extension. Characteristic morphologic appearances can be seen in such conditions as osteonecrosis, trauma, and Paget disease. Although the pattern approach is useful for analyzing bone marrow signal abnormalities, evaluation of available clinical history; biochemical markers; complementary imaging; and, when appropriate, bone biopsy is often necessary to establish the diagnosis. A thorough understanding of normal marrow conversion, as well as normal marrow variants and marrow reconversion, is also essential for accurate interpretation. Kung et al. Bone Marrow Signal Alteration
Cross-Border Marriages: Gender and Mobility in Transnational Asia

Cross-Border Marriages: Gender and Mobility in Transnational Asia. Nicole Constable, ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. 232 pp.
Self-Calibration for MEMS With Comb Drives: Measurement of Gap

We present a practical method for measuring planar gaps of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with comb drives by on- or off-chip electrical probing. We show that our method is practical, accurate, precise, and repeatable. The option of on-chip postpackaged electrical measurement enables MEMS to be autonomously self-calibratable. We use the measurement of gap to determine the geometrical difference between layout and fabrication, which can lead to measurements of other properties such as displacement, force, stiffness, and mass. Our method consists of applying enough voltage to close two unequal gaps and measuring the resulting changes in capacitances. Many MEMS designs with comb drives can be easily modified to implement our technology. Our results are an order better than convention and suggest means for further improvement.
One Network’s Effect: The Rise and Future of the ICN

In the first decade of its existence the International Competition Network (ICN) has advanced to frontrunner position among international organizations that address competition policy. As the ICN looks to its next decade, and governmental belt-tightening forces most competition agencies to rethink resource allocation, a key question is whether the ICN’s success is attributable to the Network’s relevance and competence, or timing and luck? The ICN has reached the top by furthering international cooperation and coordination, influencing domestic policies, and building capacity of its members. Many of its very achievements, however, also pose the greatest risks for a free fall.
The Signaling Role of Not Being Promoted: Theory and Evidence

This article studies the negative signals associated with non-promotion. I first show theoretically that, when workers’ productivity rises little with additional years on the same job level, the negative signal associated with non-promotion leads to wage decreases. On the other hand, when additional job-level tenure leads to a sizable increase in productivity, workers’ wages increase. I test my model’s predictions using the personnel records from a large US firm from 1970-1988. I find a clear hump-shaped wage-job-tenure profile for workers who stay in the same job level, which supports my model’s prediction.
SIMION MEHEDINI AND MODERN ROMANIAN GEOGRAPHY

The foundations of modern Romanian geography were laid by one man, Simion Mehedinţi, at the beginning of the twentieth century. His systematic view of a unified geography developed from the ideas formed during his education in France and Germany, particularly under the influence of Ratzel. His ideas, propagated by his followers, are still regarded as valid by the present generation of Romanian geographers.
Realizing the geospatial potential of mobile, IoT and big data

What happens when you have connected sensors in everyone's pockets, homes, vehicles, workspaces, street corners, shopping areas, and more? With the convergence of Mobile Computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the ability to gather and analyze this Big Data, the availability of massive amounts of information will continue to be gathered and you can expect the unexpected to happen.The themes of this panel are driving development in information technology, but what is the intersection with geospatial? Location determination and use of location for context are core capabilities of Mobile and IoT. Knowing your location along with nearby Points of Interest (PoIs) and Indoor maps provide a new level of spatial awareness and decision making. This information will be used and viewed in new ways including Augmented Reality (AR). Social computing with geospatial checkins provides a rich picture of the social environment. With embedded computing becoming even more ubiquitous, Sensor Webs will provide opportunistic sensing of the physical environment. Geospatial filtering is one of the most effective methods to extracting information from these big data streams. These streams will continue to grow, e.g., mobile 3D video at incredibly high resolution. Data Fusion to combine multiple data sources will create new capabilities many based on geospatial processing.How can we realize the full potential of these technological capabilities in regards to geospatial? We can envision a lot of upside with the technology, but at what cost to privacy and rights? How should policy, privacy and rights be included in the conversations and deployments of these technologies and the resultant data? What role will ambient and participatory crowdsourcing play? A goal of our technology development must be to reduce the apparent tradeoff between surveillance for public safety vs. interests and rights of people. Technology development will continue to be a social activity based on geospatial APIs and standards for mobile platforms from organizations like W3C, OGC, IETF, and OMA. Development of these technologies are a basis for the critical outcomes, e.g, in creating Smart Cities including Smart Energy. Crowdsourcing from mobile platforms and M2M-based sensors webs will provide a basis for humanity to better understand our world and make critical decisions about the livability of our future..
Accumulation of Defective Neuraminidase (NA) Genes by Influenza A Viruses in the Presence of NA Inhibitors as a Marker of Reduced Dependence on NA

With the use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (BCX-1812, oseltamivir, or zanamivir), drug-resistant variants of influenza A viruses were generated that lacked characteristic markers of resistance, such as substitutions in the NA active center or in the hemagglutinin. Drug resistance was associated with the accumulation of defective (Delta) RNA segments encoding NA. This phenomenon could be explained by reduced dependence of the virus on its NA activity. Analysis of the last isolates recovered from 11 volunteers, experimentally infected with influenza virus and treated with BCX-1812, revealed that they maintained full susceptibility to the drug in the NA inhibition assay (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.35-0.5 nM). The presence of DeltaRNA segments was detected in 1 of these isolates but was not found in the isolates recovered from placebo recipients (n = 8). Because of a lack of cell culture-based assays for susceptibility testing of human influenza viruses, detection of DeltaRNA segments should be considered an additional assay for monitoring of NA inhibitor resistance.
The Role and Value of Natural Capital in Regional Landscapes

Several developments in recent years related to the use, valuation, and management of natural resources provide the motivation for this paper. First, increased urbanization during the economic boom times of the 1990s has led to acceleration of the conversion of natural and undeveloped areas to unnatural and built-up areas in many regions of the nation. As a result people concerned about the loss of nature and various associated benefits in their communities are pushing for public action to protect remaining natural and undeveloped areas. The push for these protective actions sets the stage for conflicts with other people who support continued allocation of natural and undeveloped areas to various types of urban-related development. Insight into the resolution of such conflicts can be gained through a better understanding of how natural capital contributes to quality of life in different regions.
Protein Malnutrition and Complement Activity in Guinea Pigs, Germ-Free and Conventional Rats

Malnutrition produces a pronounced effect on the complement system of man and animals. There is little information, however, to indicate whether individual complement components are affected at different stages of age. In the following studies, we have demonstrated that in guinea pigs and in both conventional and germ-free rats, protein malnutrition adversely affects the complement system. The levels of complement components C2 and C3 are suppressed by protein malnutrition at an early stage while C4 and C8 are less affected by malnutrition. Experiments in germ-free animals demonstrated that decreased complement component levels can be directly associated with de creased synthesis and/or secretion of components. In conventional animals, further reductions in complement levels could occur as a result of infection associated with malnutrition. J. Nutr. 110: 2159-2165, 1980.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND VECTORCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY.

Abstract The electrocardiograms of 35 patients with idiopathic myocardial hypertrophy are reviewed. Left ventricular hypertrophy and strain, left atrial enlargement and a wide variety of conduction abnormalities were observed. Left axis deviation, left bundle branch block, right bundle branch block and patterns consistent with old myocardial infarction were seen. These may be a result of the myocardial fibrosis which commonly accompanies the myocardial hypertrophy in this entity.
Can Statins Pass the Aspirin Litmus Test in Cancer

Much like aspirin has found new roles during the years (from headache remedy to cardiovascular disease prevention), new potential benefits for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are coming to light. Statins limit the biosynthesis of the cholesterol precursor mevalonate. In addition to cholesterol biosynthesis, mevalonate is also a precursor of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl moieties, which are critical to post-translational modification of intracellular signaling pathway proteins such as Ras. Inhibition of farnesylation and geranylgeranylation of messenger molecules have been major targetsofcancerdrugdevelopment.Thefarnesyltransferaseinhibitor tipifarnib is in active development for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor lonafarnib is being developed for myelodysplastic syndrome. Statins have been observed as having protean properties such as antiangiogenesis and apoptosis induction. In vivo mouse models have reported potential chemopreventive effects of statins in colorectal carcinogenesis. 1
The turn function and vorticity method for numerical fluid dynamics

A numerical method is presented that solves in a consistent fashion, conservation equations for both vorticity and linear momentum in multidimensional fluid-dynamics calculations. The equations are given in both two- and three-dimensional Cartesian geometry, and it is shown how the method can be easily implemented in a two-dimensional Eulerian fluid-dynamics code. The results of example calculations, which were performed with and without the new method, show the large errors that can arise when the vorticity equation is not solved in compressible flow calculations.
High-Technology Batch Production Systems: Woodwards Missing Type

The article examines Woodward's typology for classifying technology that distinguished between batch, mass and continuous-process production systems. A discussion is presented about the impact of r...
Lattice thermal transport in large-area polycrystalline graphene

scattering from the grain boundary roughness. Thermal transport in the large-area sample is considered in the Corbino-membrane geometry, with heatflowing through a network of thermal resistors and away from a pointlike heat source. The thermal transport in polycrystalline graphene is shown to be highly anisotropic, depending on the individual properties of the grains (their size and boundary roughness), as well as on grain connectivity. Strongest heat conduction occurs along large-grain filaments, while the heat flow is blocked through regions containing predominantly small grains. We discuss how thermal transport in CVD graphene can be tailored by controlling grain disorder.
9.8 G Protein Coupled Receptors

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily consists of numerous closely related membrane proteins that respond to a variety of stimuli ranging from small particles to large molecules. The consequent initiation of several different biological processes makes these receptors the most targeted group of proteins for the development of therapeutic drugs. Advances in structural, biochemical, and biophysical analyses of GPCRs offer a unique opportunity to improve dynamic molecular models of these receptors. This chapter highlights results from the application of several computational approaches to GPCRs toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their diverse functions.
Supporting young new media producers across learning spaces: a longitudinal study of the digital youth network

In this symposium, we will report on a mixed method, three-year longitudinal study that documented a learning environment intentionally designed to provide urban youth with tools and learning opportunities that would allow them to create, collaborate and communicate with new media production technologies. The design of this in-school and after-school program was motivated by concern over growing divides with respect to access to learning environments that can support empowered and generative uses of technology. Through a unique program that offered both a wide array of special interest after school clubs (e.g. robotics, graphic design, digital broadcast and movie making, music recording and remixing, video game development) and mandatory media arts classes during the school day, learners were able to develop broad and deep experiences across the middle school years. The program of research involved an ethnographic study focused on the learning environment, nine case studies of young producers and their learning ecologies across home, school, and community, and quantitative tracking of the entire cohort over time. In this session, four papers will be shared that describe 1) the environment; 2) the theoretical framework guiding the research, research questions, and associated methods; 3) the development of learners as creative producers; and 4) the role of artist-mentors as media arts instructors. The contributions of the symposium include sharing a unique interdisciplinary collaboration and the results of a unique experiment designed to bridge divides while innovating a new ecological model of learning.
Audit Committee Oversight of Fraud Risk: The Role of Social Ties, Professional Ties, and Governance Characteristics

SYNOPSIS This study examines audit committee (AC) oversight of fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) risk and management integrity, and how such oversight varies with AC social ties, professional ties, and governance characteristics. Specifically, based on a survey of 134 U.S. public company AC members, we find that AC participants with social ties (i.e., personal ties) to the CEO are negatively associated with AC actions to assess FFR risk and management integrity. Further, the AC appears to cut back on more observable FFR and MI actions when the responding AC member has a social tie to the CEO, consistent with socially connected ACs being reluctant to engage in observable monitoring actions that could jeopardize a social tie to the CEO. However, AC participants with professional ties to other independent directors and those with professional experience as corporate controllers are positively related to such actions. We also find that AC size is positively related to FFR risk assessment, while female AC p...
Self-Organized Frameworks on Textiles (SOFT): Conductive Fabrics for Simultaneous Sensing, Capture, and Filtration of Gases.

Wearable electronics have the potential to advance personalized health care, alleviate disability, enhance communication, and improve homeland security. Development of multifunctional electronic textiles (e-textiles) with the capacity to interact with the local environment is a promising strategy for achieving electronic transduction of physical and chemical information. This paper describes a simple and rapid approach for fabricating multifunctional e-textiles by integrating conductive two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into fabrics through direct solution-phase self-assembly from simple molecular building blocks. These e-textiles display reliable conductivity, enhanced porosity, flexibility, and stability to washing. The functional utility of these integrated systems is demonstrated in the context of chemiresistive gas sensing, uptake, and filtration. The self-organized frameworks on textiles (SOFT)-devices detect and differentiate important gaseous analytes (NO, H2S, and H2O) at ppm l...
Digital Storytelling: Families’ Search for Meaning after Child Death

Bereaved families that collectively make meaning of their grief experiences often function better than those that do not, yet most social work bereavement interventions target individuals rather than family units. In this article, authors describe an innovative social work intervention that employs digital storytelling. This is a narrative technique that combines photography, music, and spoken word to help families bereaved by child death make meaning of their loss and envision a future without their deceased child.
Analysis of GAPDH by Mass Spectrometry

Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is a valuable and widely recognized technique applied in protein and peptide characterization. The last decade has witnessed tremendous technical advancement in the utilization of MS for protein characterization including posttranslational modifications. MS has become integral part of any proteomics investigation due to its versatility, accuracy and reproducibility. In this chapter we will outline current protocols that are used and relevant in the identification of peptides of GAPDH. Particularly, the protocol, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) which has been used and validated in our laboratory for GAPDH identification will be discussed in detail.
Three Problems in Function Theory

The three problems mentioned in the title are as follows: Lp-approximation by polynomials and rational functions; the uniqueness property of the analytic functions; and the integrability of the derivative in conformal mapping. The emphasis in this exposition is on potential theoretic ideas underlying many results presented.
Computation of Flows with Shocks and Bores

The computation of steady and unsteady flows with shocks and bores is discussed in this paper. Two different formulations are presented to model steady flows. In the first, which is valid only for super-critical flows, a steady form of the shallow water equations is numerically integrated. In the second formulation, the unsteady gradually varied flow equations are solved and time is used as an iteration parameter. A k-∈ model is used to include turbulent stresses for the simulation of a radial hydraulic jump. To demonstrate application to unsteady flows, two-dimensional flows produced by a dam failure are discussed.
Halogen bonding in self-assembling systems: A comparison of intra- and interchain binding energies

Abstract Calculations using the M06-2X and ωB97-XD density functionals with a triple-zeta quality polarized basis sets have been used to investigate the binding energies in a series of halogen bonded complexes of C2F4I2 with NC(CH2)nCN (n = 0–2). Results for complexes with monomer ratios from 1:1 to 3:3 indicate a near constant binding energies per halogen bond of ∼8 kJ/mol, ∼13 kJ/mol, and ∼14 kJ/mol for n = 0–2, respectively, indicating no observable cooperative effects in the linear halogen bonding. Results from calculations on the stacking energy of the linear chains for systems up to 3:3 indicated that these binding energies were comparable to those for the linear halogen bonds. The strong stacking interaction is hypothesized to be due to favorable electrostatic forces between the F atoms on C2F4I2 with either adjacent H atoms on NC(CH2)2CN, or the C C π-hole on NCCN. The stacking interactions showed a significant cooperative effect, as well as a synergistic effect with the linear halogen bonds as demonstrated by a shortening of the I⋯N distances in the component chains. Binding energies for all 1:1 complexes of C2F4I2 and C4F8I2 with NC(CH2)nCN (n = 0–4) show a strong linear correlation with the ΔESP between the positive σ-hole on the I atom and the negative region around the N atom lone pair.
Time-Gating of Pulsed Eddy Current Signals for Defect Characterization and Discrimination in Aircraft Lap-Joints

Pulsed eddy current (PEC) nondestructive testing differs from conventional eddy current techniques in that the probe coil is excited by a pulse, rather than continuous excitation at a single frequency. Reviews of early work on pulsed eddy currents are given by Waidelich1 and by Renkin.2 Pulsed excitation causes the propagation of a highly attenuated traveling wave, which is governed by the diffusion equation.3 The diffusive propagation of the eddy current pulse results in spatial broadening and a delay, or travel time, proportional to the square of the distance traveled. It was realized in early work on pulsed eddy current systems that this time dependence offered certain advantages over conventional eddy currents.4 In the current study we demonstrate the ability of a prototype pulsed eddy current instrument, described elsewhere,5,6 to take advantage of this time dependence to discriminate flaws from such interfering signals as probe liftoff, air gaps, and fasteners.
Intensity and Phase Modulators at 1.55 μm in GaAs/AlGaAs Layers Directly Grown on Silicon

We report for the first-time electro-optic phase and amplitude modulators in GaAs/AlGaAs epitaxial layers grown on misaligned silicon substrates containing germanium buffer layers. Epilayer has a npin doping profile and is equivalent to a pin diode. The 4-mm long electrode Mach–Zehnder modulators have 7.4- and 3.6-V Vπ under single-arm and push–pull drive conditions corresponding to 1.5 ± 0.1 V-cm modulation efficiency. Data on 7-mm long electrode Fabry–Perot phase modulators indicate 2.3-V Mach–Zehnder modulators are possible. These data also indicate less than 1-dB/cm on-chip propagation loss under 5-V reverse bias.
Abstract 2292: Comparison of Q Path and Aperio Image Analysis System for quantification of ER and PR by IHC in breast carcinoma TMAs

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, breast cancer is still one of the most common cancer in women, and top one or two in cancer mortality rates for all races of women. Novel drug treatments are needed to develop new treatments and clinical validation with IHC are common in research. Some common methods of validations are using Tissue MicroArrays (TMAs). In this study 5 TMAs containing approximately 100 cores each were stained with Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR). Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained from the Indiana University Heath Pathology Laboratory under IRB approved protocols. Immunostainings with ER and PR antibodies (DAKO) were preformed using the DAKO-flex platform system at the IU Health Pathology Laboratory. The slides were digitally imaged using the Aperio Digital Imaging System. The SVS digital images were quantified using two different image analysis systems. One imaging system was the Aperio TMALab software, the other was Q Path image analysis software. Both systems were compared not only on the basis of performance, but among other parameters such as user friendliness and the ability to use a SVS image file type. When comparing the systems, the algorithm of Q Path was altered to closely match the algorithm of the standard Aperio positive pixel algorithm. Two measurements of antibody quantification were compared, one being positive pixel percentage, the other being an H Score. A regression line was used to show correlation between systems. Standard deviations were used to compare data against a standard pathology hand count of 0, 1, 2, and 3. The results show a strong correlation (R-squared value at or greater than 0.85) between the two imaging systems for both the positive pixel algorithm and H Score. The tightness may be due to consistent and rigorously explored in the past 20 years with both of these nuclear antibodies. Further studies should help distinguish any other possible errors using novel biomarkers and also delineate any discrepancies between a nuclear expressions against both a cytoplasmic and/or cell membranous expressions. In conclusion, Aperio Imaging analysis systems and Q path image analysis systems were in strong correlation, and therefore interchangeable in scientific research. Citation Format: Max Henry Jacobsen, Constance Temm, George Sandusky. Comparison of Q Path and Aperio Image Analysis System for quantification of ER and PR by IHC in breast carcinoma TMAs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2292.
HDL inflammatory index correlates with and predicts severity of organ failure in patients with sepsis and septic shock

Objective High density lipoprotein (HDL) is important for defense against sepsis but becomes dysfunctional (Dys-HDL) during inflammation. We hypothesize that Dys-HDL correlates with organ dysfunction (sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score) early sepsis. Methods A prospective cohort study of adult ED sepsis patients enrolled within 24 hours. Results Eighty eight patients were analyzed. Dys-HDL (expressed as HDL inflammatory index (HII)) correlated with SOFA at enrollment (r = 0.23, p = 0.024) and at 48 hours (r = 0.24, p = 0.026) but HII change over the first 48 hours did not correlate with change in SOFA (r = 0.06, p = 0.56). Enrollment HII was significantly different in patients with most severe organ failure (2.31, IQR 1.33-5.2) compared to less severe organ failure (1.81, IQR 1.23-2.64, p = 0.043). Change in HII over 48 hours was significantly different for in-hospital non-survivors (-0.45, IQR-2.6, -0.14 p = 0.015) and for 28-day non-survivors (-1.12, IQR -1.52, 0.12, p = 0.044). In a multivariable linear regression equation (R2 = 0.13), for each unit HII increase, 48-hour SOFA increased by 0.72 (p = 0.009). Conclusion HII correlated with SOFA and predicted 48-hour SOFA score in early sepsis. Future studies are needed to delineate potential mechanisms. Trial registration NCT02370186. Registered February 24, 2015.
Pre-pregnancy or first-trimester risk scoring to identify women at high risk of preterm birth

Objective To develop a pre-pregnancy or first-trimester risk score to identify women at high risk of preterm birth. Study design In this retrospective cohort analysis, the sample was drawn from California singleton livebirths from 2007 to 2012 with linked birth certificate and hospital discharge records. The dataset was divided into a training (2/3 of sample) and a testing (1/3 of sample) set for discovery and validation. Predictive models for preterm birth using pre-pregnancy or first-trimester maternal factors were developed using backward stepwise logistic regression on a training dataset. A risk score for preterm birth was created for each pregnancy using beta-coefficients for each maternal factor remaining in the final multivariable model. Risk score utility was replicated in a testing dataset and by race/ethnicity and payer for prenatal care. Results The sample included 2,339,696 pregnancies divided into training and testing datasets. Twenty-three maternal risk factors were identified including several that were associated with a two or more increased odds of preterm birth (preexisting diabetes, preexisting hypertension, sickle cell anemia, and previous preterm birth). Approximately 40% of women with a risk score ≥ 3.0 in the training and testing samples delivered preterm (40.6% and 40.8%, respectively) compared to 3.1-3.3% of women with a risk score of 0.0 [odds ratio (OR) 13.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.7-15.8, training; OR 12.2, 95% CI 9.4-15.9, testing). Additionally, over 18% of women with a risk score ≥ 3.0 had an adverse outcome other than preterm birth. Conclusion Maternal factors that are identifiable prior to pregnancy or during the first-trimester can be used create a cumulative risk score to identify women at the lowest and highest risk for preterm birth regardless of race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Further, we found that this cumulative risk score could also identify women at risk for other adverse outcomes who did not have a preterm birth. The risk score is not an effective screening test, but does identify women at very high risk of a preterm birth.
PTEN expression by an oncolytic herpesvirus directs T-cell mediated tumor clearance

Engineered oncolytic viruses are used clinically to destroy cancer cells and have the ability to boost anticancer immunity. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 loss is common across a broad range of malignancies, and is implicated in immune escape. The N-terminally extended isoform, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 alpha (PTENα), regulates cellular functions including protein kinase B signaling and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Here we constructed HSV-P10, a replicating, PTENα expressing oncolytic herpesvirus, and demonstrate that it inhibits PI3K/AKT signaling, increases cellular adenosine triphosphate secretion, and reduces programmed death-ligand 1 expression in infected tumor cells, thus priming an adaptive immune response and overcoming tumor immune escape. A single dose of HSV-P10 resulted in long term survivors in mice bearing intracranial tumors, priming anticancer T-cell immunity leading to tumor rejection. This implicates HSV-P10 as an oncolytic and immune stimulating therapeutic for anticancer therapy.
Reactive oxygen species modulate Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 expression in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells.

Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in pulmonary arter...
Mapping Europa's microfeatures in regional mosaics: New constraints on formation models

Abstract Europa is an unusual world, and its surface features provide clues as to how it has evolved. We mapped, characterized, and analyzed small (≤100 km2 in area) endogenic features on Europa's surface in order to identify patterns among and within different types of features and provide observational tests for formation models. To create a fully digitized and validated data set of these microfeatures, we merged data sets obtained by previous mapping studies that focused on small chaos, domes, pits, spots, and hybrid features in moderate resolution (~230 m/pix) images of Europa, including the four main regional map areas. We expanded upon the definition of a recently-identified feature definition type, here called hybrids, and suggest more quantitative metrics for describing pits, spots, domes, and microchaos. Across all four regions mapped, we find that microchaos are the most numerous, followed by pits and domes, respectively. Spots are the least common features, and the smallest, which might indicate an observational bias, as they may contain disruptions smaller than what is visible at this scale. Microchaos features are, on average, larger and darker than all other microfeature types. We compare our observations to the findings and predictions of previous numerical modeling studies, and suggest that the observations are most consistent with cryovolcanism and liquid water sill models. While no one model is able to explain all the observations, there are elements of each that should be considered in future modeling studies.