cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal-fetal transport and distribution of 59Fe and 131I in humans

Transfer of 59 Fe and 131 I between mother and fetus along with the organ distribution of these radionuclides within the fetus has been studied in women receiving therapeutic abortions. The mothers were given 50μc of 131 I orally and 10 μc of 59 Fe intravenously at least 12 hours before the operations were performed. The uptake in the total fetus and major fetal organs was determined with gamma ray counting using a NaI (TI) detector. The accumulation factor, defined as the ratio of fetal organ radionuclide concentration to the total fetus radionuclide concentration, was used to determine the fetal organ with greatest power of concentration. With 131 I, the accumulation factor is over 3,000 times larger for the thyroid than for other fetal organs. The accumulation factor for 59 Fe is about 200 times larger for the liver and about 50 times larger for the spleen than for other fetal organs. Calculations of the radiation dose to the fetus has been made for the two radioisotopes studied.
Expected inflation and the real rate of interest. A Note

Abstract This paper derives an alternative explanation for the Mundell effect in the context of a state preference framework. In contrast to the real cash balance effect discussed by Mundell, the arrival of new information concerning the future course of economic events is shown to simultaneously affect both the real rate of interest and the expected rate of inflation. A negative relation between changes in expected inflation and the real rate of interest is shown to occur in spite of the fact that investors in this model hold no cash balances.
Osteocytes Serve as a Progenitor Cell of Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor in humans. However, the cell of origin of OSA is not clearly defined although there is evidence that osteoblasts may serve as OSA progenitors. The role of osteocytes, terminally differentiated osteoblasts, as OSA progenitors has yet to be described. Analysis of patient cDNA from publicly available microarray data revealed that patients with OSA have increased expression of dentin matrix phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), a marker of osteocytes. Analysis of multiple murine, human, and canine OSA cell lines revealed DMP1 expression. To test the tumorigenic potential of osteocytes, MLO-Y4, a SV-40 immortalized murine osteocyte cell line, was injected into subcutaneous and orthotopic (intratibial) sites of mice. Tumor growth occurred in both locations. Orthotopic MLO-Y4 tumors produced mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic radiographic lesions; a hallmark of OSA. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that osteocytes can serve as OSA progenitors. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1420–1429, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Active measurements of defect processes in shock compressed metals and other solids

Solid samples have been routinely recovered for examination after having been subjected to high pressure shock loading. Such investigations have revealed many unique and interesting defect features and are essential if a detailed understanding of shock deformation processes is to be achieved. Nevertheless, examination of samples hours or days after they are compressed for only a few microseconds in a loading whose rise time may be subnanosecond fails to address the relationship between the residual defect structure and that existing during the loading. Electrical probes, and to a lesser extent optical probes, have provided reasonably direct measurements of defect states and some limited information on the evolution of these states. For example, measurements of the electrical resistance of metals provide an indication of vacancy concentrations. Similarly, measurements of shock-induced electrical polarization in insulating solids have provided evidence that large numbers of point defects are generated and displaced by the stress and velocity gradients within the shock fronts. Optical measurements of shock-induced bleaching of color centers in NaCl have provided some evidence for kinetics of the formation of higher-order point defects.
Not Separate and Not Equal? Achievement and Attainment Equity in College Towns

Objectives A vast literature documents unequal outcomes in American public education (e.g., Duncan and Murname, 2011), but no prior research explores whether inequities are moderated in progressive communities such as college towns. We test whether college towns have more equal educational outcomes than similar communities that lack higher education institutions. Methods We conduct two tests. First, we employ cross-sectional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression predicting high school graduation (attainment) rates in 8,841 school districts, including 184 college town districts, with data taken from the U.S. Department of Education's Common Core of Data. Since attainment is a blunt measure, we also use OLS regression to predict test score (achievement) results in Pennsylvania, a state with a large number of college town school districts. Results Nationally, controlling for a range of characteristics, college towns have slightly but significantly lower attainment rates. Regarding achievement, low-income students in Pennsylvania college towns are at a slight disadvantage in math achievement compared to low-income students elsewhere. Conclusions We find some evidence that college towns have less equal educational outcomes and speculate as to causes, with the caveat that given the modest statistical impacts found, more research is needed.
Introduction to Part II: Piety in Practice

‭An introduction to four distinct essays that examine diverse art forms and artists ranging from the early twentieth-century Mexican artist, Alfredo Ramos Martinez, and his revolutionary Mexican artistic sensibility; to Guadalupe devotees’ contemporary Mexican Catholic pilgrimage practices; to Southwest Hispano graveside spirituality; and a Latin American commitment to creating art as a tool for social healing and transformation. The essays intersect through their engaging analysis of very diverse forms of visual art and the deeply spiritual and socially conscious motivations of the respective artists, whether professionally trained or simply creators of their personal devotional art. Weaving in their own personal relationships to the art they are exploring, the authors offer diverse methodologies by which scholars and lay readers can better appreciate the human intent in the creation of art, and can witness the powerful role that art plays in the process of creating national identity and healing personal and social wounds.‬
The Effect of Assimilation on the Pre-Purchase Information-Search Behavior of Puerto-Rican Americans

ABSTRACT Though Hispanic-Americans constitute the second-largest micro-culture market in the U.S., the consumption behavior of this population has not been much investigated (see, e.g., Wartzman 1999). This lack of investigation is, furthermore, complicated by the fact that this market is not homogeneous, but is, instead, comprised of several distinct country-of-origin groups such as Mexican- and Cuban-Americans, among others (Winsberg and Braus 1994). This problem is further complicated by the fact that within each of these groups there are consumption differences depending on whether and to what extent individuals have assimilated into the Anglo-American macro-culture (Goerne 1990). I address these issues in this paper as follows: First, I focus on Puerto-Rican Americans because they are the second-largest (Winsberg and Braus 1994), and yet one of the least investigated, of all Hispanic-American groups in the marketing literature; second, using an established measure of the assimilation-construct, I inv...
Contributions to Psychohistory: V. East-West Dimensions of Ideology Measured by Transtemporal Cognitive Matching:

Summary.-Contemporary romantic revival bears close resemblance to previous romantic movements in ways of suucruring reality, styles of thought, and partisan support of certain types of preferred societal outcomes. The quantification of the postulated structural similarity between two recent romantic periods was discussed using the method of transtemporal cognitive matching. The target structure was based on analysis of Goethe's Die Leiden des Jungen Werthers; referent neoromantic structures were derived from Reich's The Greening of America and Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. Relationships between target and referent structures were quantified and interpreted within the context of Apollonian and Dionysian sryles of thought and East-West categories of value systems. Contemporary social science is ahistorical. It supplanted earlier speculative analyses of societal and cognitive systems with interpretative analyses of data-based structures. It also substituted ideology for the historical perspective. Obviously, the foregoing assertions need qualifications. Historical science is both qualitative and ideological with quantitative analysis making slow and sparse inroads into the discipline. The area of psychohistory is dominated by Freudian omniexplanatory stereotypes with the only numbers at the top corners of the pages, to borrow Cattell's ( 1966) phrase. And, there are also objective and non-ideological quantitative social scientists. Aside from speculative areas, the measurement-oriented social disciplines are preoccupied with descriptions of the fine fabric of interrelations between elements of complex societal and cognitive systems. The nomological network is elaborated in horizontal, intersystem fashion to verify theories and hypotheses sans temporal components. Conceptual links along the vertical, time related dimension are few and widely spaced. The paucity of research incorporating the historical perspective is especially visible when the over-all tenor of the discipline is contemplated. The majority of described relations are interpreted as novel and unique; omnia lzova replacing nihil novi. The positive manifold properties of cognitive and societal systems are accentuated. Everything is related to everything else.
Library Advocacy and the College Librarian

College librarians, like all librarians, should be effective advocates for their libraries. Advocating for academic libraries with elected officials is especially important. This article provides information and resources which will assist you in becoming a successful legislative advocate.
Vygotskyan sociolinguistic theory applied to negotiation in Japanese society

Abstract theory of language as a sociocultural derivative is applicable to the Japanese culture and language. Japanese, with its hierarchical system and highly developed nominal and verbal systems provides a cogent example to demonstrate the validity of Vygotskyan theory. The relevance of Vygotskyan constructs for titles, naming, meishi , and keigo or kōgo selection will be discussed with examples from and applications to business negotiations between Japanese and Americans. The concepts of control and dynamic access to the regulatory functions of object-, other-, and self-regulation , situation of definition , symmetrical and assymetrical settings, and inner speech surfacing as private speech (exemplified in ) are employed to describe and explain the pragmatics of Japanese-American negotiation. Other-regulation, given the dependency relationship termed amae , is hypothesized to be explanatory for many hierarchical relations, while self-regulation within a specified symmetry and situation of definition is viewed as explanatory for non-hierarchical discourse. Vygotskyan sociolinguistic theory, taken apriori, is appropriate for descriptive and explanatory discourse analysis of the Japanese and American-English speech acts in a negotiation setting. With further discussion and research, this theory, too long confined to native language acquisition, has the potential for valuable insights within a dynamic framework for examining crosscultural negotiations and the impact of culture on both languages.
Are epsins a therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis

Solid tumor growth requires the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the malignant cells; one approach to cancer therapy is to block this process by inhibiting VEGF signaling. In this issue of the JCI, Pasula et al. demonstrate a surprising role of epsins--proteins involved in endocytosis--in tumor angiogenesis via their modulation of VEGF signaling. Their findings suggest that these proteins might represent a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.
The high risk patient after recovery from myocardial infarction: Recognition and management

Patients at high risk for recurrent myocardial infarction or death can be identified after recovery from an acute myocardial infarction. Predictors of high risk at the time of initial hospital discharge may vary in different localities depending on the underlying baseline characteristics of the patient cohort. The medical records were analyzed of 139 patients discharged from San Francisco General Hospital after recovery from an acute myocardial infarction between July 1978 and September 1981. Multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis of 20 variables contributing to sudden and total death identified complex ventricular ectopic rhythm as the most important variable, followed by age. Failure to receive chronic longacting nitrates was an independent variable contributing to total mortality but not to sudden death, while the presence of an initial anterior myocardial infarction and impaired left ventricular function were independent variables contributing to sudden death but not to total mortality. Routine 24 hour ambulatory monitoring, radionuclide ventriculography and submaximal stress tests performed during the second week after recovery from an acute myocardial infarction provide identification of a high risk cohort for subsequent recurrent myocardial infarction or death and permit appropriate interventions designed to lessen risk to be undertaken.
Experience with a flavor in mother's milk modifies the infant's acceptance of flavored cereal.

The present series of studies aimed to investigate whether experience with a flavor in mothers' milk modifies the infants' acceptance of similarly flavored foods at weaning. First, we established, using methods developed in our laboratory, that the ingestion of carrot juice by lactating women produced a sensory change in their milk approximately 2 to 3 hr after the ingestion of the beverage. Second, we randomly formed two groups of breast-fed infants who had been fed cereal for a few weeks but had only experienced cereal prepared with water. Their mothers were asked to consume one of two types of beverages (i.e., carrot juice, water) during the exposure period. Each mother was observed feeding her infant cereal during four test sessions. The first two sessions occurred during the 2 days before the exposure period; in counterbalanced order, infants were fed cereal prepared with water on 1 testing day and cereal prepared with carrot juice on the other. These two test sessions were then repeated following the exposure period. The results demonstrated that the infants who had exposure to the flavor of carrots in their mothers' milk during the exposure period consumed less of the carrot-flavored cereal and spent less time feeding when compared to the control infants whose mothers consumed the water. This may be a form of sensory-specific satiety such that the infants become less responsive to a flavor that they have been extensively exposed to in the very recent past.
Riboflavin Requirement of Chicks Fed Purified Amino Acid and Conventional Corn-Soybean Meal Diets

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the riboflavin requirement for maximal growth of young chicks. Graded levels of crystalline riboflavin were added to either riboflavin-free, purified amino acid diets or corn-soybean meal diets. Chick growth responses were obtained upon adding riboflavin to both diets. Chicks fed the purified diet required 1.8 mg of riboflavin per kg of diet, but those fed the corn-soybean meal diet required 2.63 mg of riboflavin per kg of diet. Retarded growth and leg paralysis, rather man curled-toe paralysis, were the predominant signs of riboflavin deficiency. Calculations suggested that riboflavin bioavailability in the corn-soybean meal diet was 59.1%.
Dynamics Regulation of a Skew Cantilever Plate Using PZT Patches and Saturation Phenomenon

We investigate the suppression of steady-state vibrations of a cantilevered skew aluminum plate using nonlinear saturation phenomena and PZT (lead zirconate titanate) patches. Finite-element analysis and measurement of operational deflection shapes using a scanning laser vibrometer are performed to study the bending-torsional dynamic characteristics of the plate due to non-rectangular geometry. The control method uses linear second-order controllers coupled to the plate via quadratic terms to establish energy bridges between the plate and controllers. Each linear second-order controller is designed to have a 1:2 internal resonance with one of the plate vibration modes and hence is able to exchange energy with the plate around the corresponding modal frequency. Because of quadratic nonlinearities and 1:2 internal resonances, saturation phenomena exist and are used to suppress modal vibrations. To test this saturation control technique in an efficient and systematic way, we built a digital control system that consists of SIMULINK modeling software and a dSPACE DS 1102 controller in a personal computer. Both numerical and experimental results show that this nonlinear control method is robust in suppressing steady-state resonant vibrations without significant spill-over effects. Hence the saturation controllers can be used to regulate dynamics of structures to prevent resonant vibrations by designing each controller to control one vibration mode.
A boundary equation for uniformly rotating polytropes

A linear approximating equation exists for the boundary of a uniformly rotating polytrope. The equation in η=(ξ1−ξ)/ξ1 permits rapid calculation of the polytrope radius for any latitude, and is accurate for angular velocities of rotation nearly to critical rotation. Data in this paper apply to a polytrope indexn=3.0.
The effect of aging on microstructure, room temperature deformation, and fracture of Sn-Bi/Cu solder joints

The effects of isothermal aging on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Sn-Bi/Cu solder joints are reported. Lap shear solder joints of eutectic Sn-Bi solder were aged for 3 to 30 days at 80°C and then loaded to failure in shear. Changes in the joint microstructure including interphase coarsening, intermetallic growth, and evolution of the intermetallic/solder interface are documented. The aging experiments reveal the segregation of the Bi-rich phase of the solder to the intermetallic/solder interface. The ultimate shear strength and ductility of the joints are reported at strain rates of 4.0 × 10−1 to 4.0 × 10−5 S−1 for 3 and 30 days aging. The strength of the joints decreases with strain rate for both aging conditions; the ductility is low and independent of strain rate for the joints aged three days and increases considerably with reduced strain rate for joints, aged 30 days. Fractographs and cross sections of the failed joints detail the effect of aging on the fracture mechanism.
Lipoprotein interaction with artery wall derived proteoglycan: comparisons between atherosclerosis-susceptible WC-2 and resistant Show Racer pigeons.

Abstract The binding of intact, high molecular weight, aortic proteoglycan (PG) isolated from grossly normal appearing aortas of atherosclerosis-susceptible White Cameau pigeons (WC-2) and -resistant Show Racer pigeons (SR) to homologous and heterologous serum lipoproteins from both normolipemic and hyperlipemic pigeons was examined. In vitro binding studies were done using a mixture of purified chondroitin sulfate PG and dermatan sulfate PG monomers to simulate an in situ composition. For each animal, a binding potential or reactivity number was calculated and corresponded to the shape and slope of the PG-LDL binding curve, where higher values indicated greater reactivity. For WC-2 normal sera, mean values were 0.97 and 0.95 using WC-2 and SR PG respectively, compared to SR normal sera (equivalent total plasma cholesterol) where values were 0.80 and 0.82. Corresponding mean reactivity values for hyperlipemic sera (diluted to a cholesterol concentration of 300 mg/dl) were 0.95, 1.00, 0.73, and 0.79. The results suggest that LDL from both normolipemic and hyperlipemic atherosclerosis-susceptible WC-2 pigeons is more reactive in complexing to artery wall derived PG than LDL from SR pigeons, regardless of PG source.
A cascade of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases regulates the differentiation and functional activation of murine neutrophils

Objective The function of neutrophils as primary mediators of innate immunity depends on the activity of granule proteins and critical components of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. Expression of their cognate genes is regulated during neutrophil differentiation by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we have investigated the role of two members of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) signaling cascade, CaMK I-like kinase (CKLiK) and CaMKKα, in regulating neutrophil differentiation and functional activation. Materials and Methods Mouse myeloid cell lines were used to examine the expression of a CaMK cascade in developing neutrophils and to examine the effects of constitutive activation vs inhibition of CaMKs on neutrophil maturation. Results Expression of CaMKKα was shown to increase during neutrophil differentiation in multiple cell lines, whereas expression of CKLiK increased as multipotent progenitors committed to promyelocytes, but then decreased as cells differentiated into mature neutrophils. Expression of constitutively active CKLiKs did not affect morphologic maturation, but caused dramatic decreases in both respiratory burst responses and chemotaxis. This loss of neutrophil function was accompanied by reduced secondary granule and gp91 phox gene expression. The CaMK inhibitor KN-93 attenuated cytokine-stimulated proliferative responses in promyelocytic cell lines, and inhibited the respiratory burst. Similar data were observed with the CaMKKα inhibitor, STO-609. Conclusions Overactivation of a cascade of CaMKs inhibits neutrophil maturation, suggesting that these kinases play an antagonistic role during neutrophil differentiation, but at least one CaMK is required for myeloid cell expansion and functional activation.
High-performance millimeter-wave ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs

GaAs MESFETs (metal-epitaxial-semiconductor-field-effect transistors) with ion-implanted active channels have been fabricated on 3-in-diameter GaAs substrates which demonstrate device performance comparable with that of AlGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic HEMT (high-electron-mobility transistor) devices. Implanted MESFETs with 0.5- mu m gate lengths exhibit an extrinsic transconductance of 350 mS/mm. From S-parameter measurements, a current-gain cutoff frequency f/sub 1/ of 48 GHz and a maximum-available-gain cutoff frequency f/sub max/ greater than 100 GHz are achieved. These results clearly demonstrate the suitability of ion-implanted MESFET technology for millimeter-wave discrete device, high-density digital, and monolithic microwave and millimeter-wave IC applications. >
The Normal Vectorcardiogram and a System for the Classification of Vectorcardiographic Abnormalities

The essentially 3-dimensional nature of the spatial vectorcardiogram (sVCG) requires that it be studied as a vector sequence in space, and not merely in its projections on the arbitrary frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes. One striking characteristic of the normal QRS sE-loop is that it lies approximately in a single "plane of predilection," which does not coincide with any of these 3 arbitrary planes. This paper describes the variations observed in the sVCG, recorded by a cubical lead system, with particular reference to the "QRS plane," in a group of normal subjects and suggests a system for classifying abnormalities of the sVCG, based on the QRS plane.
Direct evidence for a geometrically constrained "entatic state" effect on copper(II/I) electron-transfer kinetics as manifested in metastable intermediates.

The absolute magnitude of an “entatic” (constrained) state effect has never been quantitatively demonstrated. In the current study, we have examined the electron-transfer kinetics for five closely related copper(II/I) complexes formed with all possible diastereomers of [14]aneS4 (1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane) in which both ethylene bridges have been replaced by cis- or trans-1,2-cyclohexane. The crystal structures of all five Cu(II) complexes and a representative Cu(I) complex have been established by X-ray diffraction. For each complex, the cross-reaction rate constants have been determined with six different oxidants and reductants in aqueous solution at 25 °C, μ = 0.10 M. The value of the electron self-exchange rate constant (k11) has then been calculated from each cross reaction rate constant using the Marcus cross relation. All five Cu(II/I) systems show evidence of a dual-pathway square scheme mechanism for which the two individual k11 values have been evaluated. In combination with similar va...
Long-period surface wave inversion for source parameters of the 18 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

Abstract We performed simultaneous seismic moment tensor inversions of long-period (157–288 s) fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love waves from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake to further constrain the source process of the event. Utilizing a two-step spectral inversion technique, we explored the model dependence and centroid location sensitivity of the long-period surface wave analysis to assess the confidence bounds on the results. We found that estimates of the source duration and depth are highly dependent on the choice of propagation, attenuation and source velocity structure models. Including centroid location parameters in the inversion stabilizes moment tensor estimates but yields a biased location away from the epicenter due to model inaccuracies. Our source duration estimate is 11 ± 5 s using a recent velocity model, MPA, with the centroid time of 6 s being significantly less than earlier surface wave studies (centroids of 10–22 s) and hence more compatible with both body wave and strong motion duration estimates. An unconstrained moment tensor inversion at the optimum centroid location yields a stable major double-couple solution (strike = 124 ± 6°; dip = 67 ± 6°; rake = 126 ± 7°) and a seismic moment estimate (3.0 ± 0.2 × 1019 Nm; Mw = 6.9) similar to earlier long-period studies and body wave and geodetic results. The surface wave centroid depth estimate is 22 ± 11 km, which overlaps the body wave estimates (13 ± 5 km). Thus, surface wave source parameters for the Loma Prieta event, allowing for plausible model dependence, are fully compatible with body wave determinations, and there is no evidence for any anomalous coseismic long-period source process.
Upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 mRNA in genetic obesity: lack of an essential role for leptin, hyperphagia, increased tissue lipid content, and TNF-α

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been proposed to play a prominent role in the regulation of energy balance. UCP2 mRNA expression is upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver, but is not altered in skeletal muscle in genetically obese ob/ob mice. The mechanisms involved in the upregulation of UCP2 in obesity have not been investigated. We have now examined the potential role of leptin, hyperphagia, increased tissue lipid content, and overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the upregulation of UCP2 mRNA expression in the liver and WAT in ob/ob mice. Treatment of ob/ob mice with leptin for 3 days significantly reduced their food intake but had no effect on the upregulation of UCP2 mRNA levels in the liver or WAT. To investigate the effect of feeding and higher tissue lipid content on the upregulation of UCP2 in liver and WAT, we compared UCP2 mRNA levels in ad-libitum fed and 72-h fasted control and ob/ob mice. In controls, fasting had no effect on UCP2 mRNA levels in liver, but increased UCP2 mRNA in WAT suggesting that the effects of fasting on UCP2 mRNA levels are tissue-specific. In ob/ob mice, fasting did not lower UCP2 mRNA levels in liver or WAT suggesting that the upregulation of UCP2 in ob/ob mice is not merely a direct consequence of increased food intake. 72-h fasting lowered hepatic total lipid content by 34% and 36% in control and ob/ob mice, respectively, without any corresponding decrease in hepatic UCP2 mRNA levels, suggesting that the enhanced UCP2 expression in the liver of ob/ob mice is not secondary to lipid accumulation in their livers. Although TNF-alpha has been shown to acutely increase UCP2 mRNA levels in liver and WAT, and is overexpressed in adipose tissue in obesity, deletion of the genes for both TNF receptors in ob/ob mice produces a further increase in UCP2 mRNA expression in liver and adipose tissue indicating a paradoxical inhibitory role. Taken together, these results suggest that the upregulation of UCP2 mRNA levels in the liver and WAT of ob/ob mice is not due to the lack of leptin, hyperphagia, increased tissue lipid content, or over-expression of TNF-alpha.
Developmental genetics in larvae, pupae and adults ofSepedon fuscipennis fuscipennis [Dipt.: Sciomyzidae]

An analysis of 28 enzyme loci throughout developmental stages ofSepedon fuscipennis fuscipennis Loew indicated that 16 were polymorphic and 4 were monomorphic in all stages. Nine loci were differentially expressed among the stages: EST-1, EST-2, MDH-2, MDH-3 and PGI-1 occurred only in larvae, AK-3 mainly in pupae, and AK-1, AO and HK-1 only in adults. The average heterozygosity ofS. f. fuscipennis was 0.146 (±0.028) across all stages.
Zinc sulfide surface chemistry: An electrokinetic study

Abstract In colloidal systems, the charge on the particles may be closely related to chemical reactions that take place on the surface. We have measured the zeta potentials of ZnS, ZnCdS, and ZnO in aqueous solution as a function of pH. In the pH range from 2 to 12 there are three distinct regions within each of which the zeta potential shows different behavior. We discuss these differences and the chemical reactions that may be involved.
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of highly fluorescent complexes

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectra of a series of highly fluorescent complexes of ruthenium(II), 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline are presented. The effect of applied potential on the SERR spectra is discussed. SERR spectra of mixed ligand complexes can be predicted from weighted averages of spectral features for the tris complexes.
Atrial flutter catheter ablation in adult patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: mechanisms and outcomes of percutaneous catheter ablation in a consecutive series

Background Prior investigators note successful ablation of both typical cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent and scar-related macroreentrant right atrial flutters (AFL) in adult patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). However, an analysis of the mechanisms (including a description of a uniform approach to diagnose such mechanisms), and clinical outcomes of catheter ablation in a consecutive series of adult patients with AFL late after surgical TOF repair has not been previously reported.
An alternative procedure for determining analysis of variance sample size

In analysis of variance the usual method of determining the sample size needed to detect a certain maximum deviation between population means (assuming common variances) with specified significance level and power, uses the operating characteristic curves of the non-central F distribution. These curves, however are quite restrictive with respect to significance level and the number of treatment groups. An alternative procedure for approximating the sample size is proposed which is adaptable to a much broader range of analysis of variance situations. Monte Carlo simulation of the new procedure indicates that it is a reasonable method of determining the sample size for the specified power.
Caffeine–herbal ephedra combination increases resting energy expenditure, heart rate and blood pressure

1. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the consumption of an acute dose of caffeine and Ma Huang increases resting energy expenditure (REE), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) over a 3 h period. 2. A randomized, double-blind cross-over study was performed evaluating the acute effects of caffeine (150 mg)/herbal ephedra (Ma Huang; 20 mg ephedra alkaloids) versus a placebo. A total of eight healthy subjects (four males and four females) with a mean (+/-SD) age of 23.4+/-0.8 years (mean ages for males and females: 25.3+/-0.7 and 22.0+/-0.7 years, respectively) and 22.5+/-3.1% body fat (15.7+/-1.2 and 27.6+/-3.5% body fat for males and females, respectively) were recruited to the study. Participants were moderate caffeine users (approximately 150-300 mg/day). 3. Subjects reported to the laboratory following a 12 h fast and 48 h of a caffeine-free diet. Resting energy expenditure was measured prior to supplementation and for 15 min every 30 min for 3 h following supplementation. Heart rate and BP were obtained every 15 min. Blood samples were obtained every 30 min following the measurement of REE and analysed for caffeine, ephedrine, free fatty acids and glucose. 4. By 3 h, HR was 22.7+/-5.5% higher (P<0.05) than baseline for the caffeine/ephedra trial compared with 8.9+/-2.2% higher for the placebo group. At 3 h, systolic BP was 9.1+/-2.2% higher (P<0.05) than baseline for the caffeine/ephedra trial compared with only 1.9+/-2.9% different from baseline for the placebo trial. There was no effect of the caffeine/ephedra combination on diastolic BP. Resting energy expenditure during the last 30 min was 4.5+/-2.5% higher in the placebo trial and 10.7+/-2.5% higher (P<0.05) in the caffeine/ephedra trial; REE was 8.5 +/- 2.0% higher (P<0.05) in the caffeine/ephedra trial compared with the placebo trial. Free fatty acids increased over time in the placebo and caffeine/ephedra trials (from 0.5+/-0.05 to 0.63+/-0.05 mEq/L and from 0.48+/-0.06L to 0.8+/-0.05 mEq/L, respectively). 5. Caffeine and herbal ephedra, at doses of 150 mg and 20 mg (ephedrine), respectively, result in a significant elevation in REE, HR and BP. Although significant, the increase in energy expenditure is negligible in terms of weight loss.
Minor alkaloids of tobacco release [3H]dopamine from superfused rat striatal slices

In addition to S(−)-nicotine, several minor tobacco alkaloids ((±)-nornicotine, anabaseine, S(−)-anabasine, and S(−)-N-methylanabasine) are present in tobacco smoke. This study demonstrates that these alkaloids increase fractional 3H release in a concentration-dependent manner from rat striatal slices preloaded with [3H]dopamine, with desensitization of this response. The rank order of EC50 values was S(−)-nicotine (3.0 ± 2.2 μM) > (±)-nornicotine (6.7 ± 2.1 μM) > anabaseine (15.4 ± 6.1 μM) = S(−)-N-methylanabasine (16.3 ± 4.7 μM) = S(−)-anabasine (19.3 ± 3.2 μM). The alkaloids did not modulate fractional 3H release evoked by electrical-field depolarization. Thus, minor tobacco alkaloids may contribute to the apparent neuroprotective effects of smoking in neurodegenerative diseases.
Sorption and Aerobic Biodegradation of Strychnine Alkaloid in Various Soil Systems

Strychnine alkaloid was demonstrated to sorb strongly to several western soils that varied in organic matter and ranged in texture from a loamy sand to a sandy clay loam. Freundlich sorption coefficients (K) for the test soils varied from 40 to 169. A direct relationship was observed between strychnine sorption and cation exchange capacity but not between sorption and organic matter content. Strychnine sorption was only partially reversible (12−44%). Degradation of 10 μg/g strychnine in sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils occurred in three distinct phases, which included a lag phase, a rapid loss phase, and a leveling off or soil binding phase. Approximately 50% of the strychnine was lost from the two soils within 24−27 days, with the appearance of a degradation product occurring early in the study. The initial breakdown products of strychnine are believed to be polar compounds with strong sorption characteristics. Keywords: Strychnine; soil sorption; degradation; breakdown products
Globalization and Nepad’s Development Perspective Bridging the Digital Divide With Good Governance

This article describes the cultural and political history of Africa’s contribution to the globalization process, revisits the conceptual and pragmatic relationship between globalization and development, and offers solutions, drawing from published materials retrieved from the Web, libraries, and original New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)sources. Further, it examines the connection between audience agenda setting, international investment, and NEPAD’s plan for the application of information and communication technology toward the social and economic development of African countries and offers suggestions to NEPAD governing bodies on how to use local sites, business entities, and technology to realize its objectives
The reaction of pyridine with trans-[PtCl2cis-ethylene-1,2-d2(pyridine)]; evidence for stereospecific addition—elimination in the π⇌σ interconversion

Abstract Treatment of trans-[PtCl2(cis-ethylene-1,2-d2)(pyridine)] with excess pyridine at −15°C gives reversible formation of the carbon σ bonded platinum zwitterion and slow release of the complexed ethylene. Infrared analysis of the liberated gas shows no trans-ethylene-1,2-d2 indicating a stereospecific addition—elimination of the pyridine.
Sinusitis and its relationship to asthma. Can treating one airway disease ameliorate another

PREVIEWIn a large percentage of patients with upper airway disease, asthma and sinusitis occur concomitantly. As many as 88% of patients with asthma exhibit the symptoms of rhinitis, and half of rhinitic patients have asthma. In this article, Dr Muller explores the interrelationship of sinusitis and asthma, including characteristics, mechanisms of action, and diagnosis, and provides suggestions for optimal treatment of both.
Epilepsy and education.

Epilepsy education continues to be an essential component of every epilepsy organization's mission. Ongoing educational programs are an essential part of epilepsy patient care. A few basic rules to ensure success are to : (a) identify needs by users, not providers ; (b) target programs to the specific audience ; (c) remember that people learn by different methods ; (d) take advantage of teachable moments ; (e) account for transcultural differences ; and (f) modify programs based on systemative evaluation and feedback.
Short-range dislocation interactions

Abstract Short-range dislocation interactions are inherently atomistic and can only be investigated at present by means of atomistic simulations. Large-scale molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations can provide a great deal of quantitative information about the generation, motion, and interaction of dislocations, which are processes not easily accessible at present to experiments. In this paper, we will show the necessity of atomistic simulations in investigating short-range dislocation interactions by analyzing junction formation and jog formation in the process of dislocation intersection.
Antibody-nucleic acid interactions. Antibodies to psoralen-modified RNA as probes of RNA structure

Abstract Antisera elicited by immunization of rabbits with 4'-aminomethyl-trioxsalen (AMT)-modified poly(A,U) complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin was characterized in competition radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). AMT-poly(A,U) was over 10,000-fold more reactive than unmodified poly(A,U) or AMT alone. The antiserum cross-reacted to varying extents with AMT-modified-RNA's and -DNA's. The presence of AMT-uridine usually assured strong reactivity. The amino group of AMT contributed to antibody binding to a small degree. Binding was not significantly affected by high ionic strength, suggesting that binding does not involve ion pair formation. Murine encephalomyocarditis virus replicative intermediates, as well as cellular RNA and DNA were modified by psoralen in intact cells, suggesting that EMCV RNA and cellular RNA's in intact cells possess detectable stretches of base pairs. The antibodies described here will be useful in studying the secondary and tertiary structure of RNA's in vitro and in intact cells.
A Description of an Effective Sinkhole Investigation Approach: A Case Study of a Site in Greene County, Missouri

A sinkhole had developed and led to the subsidence of a portion of the parking lot of a residential building in Nixa, Missouri. The sinkhole was characterized using a combination of the geophysical data (multichannel analysis of surface waves and the electrical resistivity tomography) and supplemental data (aerial photographs, topographic and geological maps and borings). The interpretation of the data indicated that a fault trending northwest – southeast runs across the site and is underlain by shallow, fractured limestone bedrock of the Burlington Keokuk formation. The sinkhole is understood to have been triggered by the excavation of a surface drainage channel and pit adjacent to the building in order to check flooding. However, the action led to the increased concentration of flow of surface water into the fault zone, hence causing an increased dissolution of bedrock and raveling of sediments into the formed cavities and subsequently sinkhole development.
TOTO Binding Affinity Analysis Using Single-molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy¶

The sequence dependence of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-binding affinity of TOTO, a thiazole orange dimer that functions as a DNA-intercalating fluorophore, was measured using single-molecule methods. An analysis was performed of the distribution of excited-state lifetimes of single molecules of TOTO intercalated into dsDNA fragments containing four-base pair sequences shown previously to have high affinity for TOTO under conditions used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For the current studies, the putative binding sites were located centrally in 30-base pair-long dsDNA fragments in which the remaining sequence was either all poly-AT or poly-GC. The lifetime of TOTO fluorescence when bound to these fragments was entirely determined by the background sequence, i.e. DNA fragments with a poly-AT background predominantly gave a fluorescence lifetime of 1.7 ns, whereas DNA fragments with a poly-GC background gave a lifetime of 2.0 ns, independent of the presence or absence of the putative binding sequence. By performing competitive binding experiments in which these DNA fragments competed for TOTO binding with pure poly-AT fragments and using single-molecule fluorescence methods to determine the number of each type of DNA fragment having a TOTO bound in an equilibrium mixture, the relative binding affinity of each putative binding site was determined. The results of these experiments showed clearly that TOTO has no preference for binding to the putative binding sites over binding poly-AT or poly-GC under the conditions of these measurements. This suggests that there is very little sequence dependence of TOTO binding under conditions that would likely predominate in most biological applications of this intercalating dye.
Spt16 and Pob3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Form an Essential, Abundant Heterodimer That Is Nuclear, Chromatin-Associated, and Copurifies with DNA Polymerase α

Previously we showed that the yeast proteins Spt16 (Cdc68) and Pob3 are physically associated, and interact physically and genetically with the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha, Pol1 [Wittmeyer and Formosa (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 4178-4190]. Here we show that purified Spt16 and Pob3 form a stable, abundant, elongated heterodimer and provide evidence that this is the functional form of these proteins. Genetic interactions between mutations in SPT16 and POB3 support the importance of the Spt16-Pob3 interaction in vivo. Spt16, Pob3, and Pol1 proteins were all found to localize to the nucleus in S. cerevisiae. A portion of the total cellular Spt16-Pob3 was found to be chromatin-associated, consistent with the proposed roles in modulating chromatin function. Some of the Spt16-Pob3 complex was found to copurify with the yeast DNA polymerase alpha/primase complex, further supporting a connection between Spt16-Pob3 and DNA replication.
Quick clays and other slide-forming clays

Abstract The quick-clay landslide is compared to the more normal landslide; variations in mineralogy, particle size, water content, slope and rapidity of movement are considered. Control is unlikely to be achieved.
Attitudes, willingness to pay, and stated values for recreation use fees at an urban proximate forest

Abstract Studies have combined contingent valuation and attitude theory in models directly predicting willingness to pay recreation fees. Little research, however, has modeled predictions of attitudes toward fees on both the intention to pay (WTP) and stated payment amount ($WTP) simultaneously. This article addresses that knowledge gap using onsite survey data from 1068 recreationists at the McDonald-Dunn forest in Oregon. Attitudes toward paying an annual fee at this forest were directly associated with WTP and were among the strongest predictors of WTP. Respondents with supportive attitudes toward paying the annual fee were more willing to pay than those who were opposed. The strength of attitudes also influenced WTP, with those respondents having stronger opposition being least likely to pay. Attitudes toward paying a fee were indirectly (i.e., mediation) related to the stated payment amount ($WTP), suggesting that payment is influenced by intention to pay (WTP), and this intention is partially a function of attitudes about fees.
Synthesis of the chromium analogue of(α)spodumene and its solubility relationships with ureyite and β-spodumene.

Abstract LiCrSi 2 0 6 and NaCrSi 2 0 6 have been synthesized by dry reaction and found to be partially soluble in each other. At 1120°C, 40 mole percent NaCrSi 2 0 6 is soluble in LiCrSi 2 0 6 , and about 20 mole percent LiCrSi 2 0 6 is soluble in NaCrSi 2 0 6 . At atmospheric pressure over 15 mole percent, LiAlSi 2 0 6 has been found to enter α-(chrome) spodumene at 1100°C, and about 10 mole percent LiCrSi 2 0 6 is soluble in β-spodumene at 1185°C. Exsolution of Cr 3+ readily occurs from the β-spodumene structure at lower temperatures, and it has been found to be almost completely exsolved at 1000°C if held for a month. Data on the linear aggregate thermal expansion of α-(chrome) spodumene, ureyite, β-spodumene and their associated solid solutions were obtained.