cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Racism, racism everywhere: looking inside the hobby of baseball card collecting☆

Abstract Research examining the relationship between race and baseball card values has found the cards of Black players are less valuable than cards of White players. Unfortunately existing studies have not assessed whether the significance of race on baseball card values has changed over time. This study examines the importance of race and other salient factors on the value of baseball cards for Black and White members of the Hall of Fame for a 20 year period. The principal finding of the research is collectors have developed different systems for assigning value to cards– one for Black players and one for White players. The implications of this finding for maintaining a racist ideology in the United States are discussed.
Convection experiments in fluids with highly temperature-dependent viscosity and the thermal evolution of the planets

Abstract Convection experiments in fluids whose viscosity depends on temperature were carried out. Ratios of the top viscosity over the bottom viscosity up to 105 have been studied. Horizontally-averaged temperature versus depth profiles are presented, as well as accurate Nusselt number measurements and temperature isogradient cell pattern for Rayleigh numbers (R) in the moderate range. The difference between the actual interior temperature and the mean of the top and bottom temperatures increases with the viscosity ratio. This difference reaches 25% of the overall temperature drop for a viscosity ratio of 105. As previously reported, the Nusselt number (Nu) first decreases when the viscosity ratio increases, as compared to the constant viscosity case, provided the Rayleigh number is defined using the viscosity at the mean of the top and bottom temperatures. However, the trend is reversed for viscosity ratios larger than ∼5000. This is consistent with an Nu-R relationship based on the critical Rayleigh number. All planetary thermal evolution models using the parameterized convection approach divide the convective planet into a conductive lid and a convective region of constant viscosity underneath. Due to the lack of knowledge about convection in a temperature-dependent viscosity fluid, assumptions have to be made in order to define the cut-off between the two regions. The most commonly made assumptions are not supported by our experiments. Our experimental results can be used for extrapolating to situations of geophysical interest and for answering basic questions such as: what is the interior temperature of the convective system as a function of the rheological law and heat flux, and, what is the thickness of the lid?
Rate versus rhythm control in atrial fibrillation: no one-size-fits-all.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that affects over 2 million individuals in the USA alone. There are many potential health consequences for a patient who develops AF. For example, AF can affect a patient’s overall quality of life, with symptoms of fatigue, palpitations and shortness of breath, among others. It can lead to hospitalization for management of the tachyarrhythmia, to initiate drug therapy or to treat comorbidities such as thromboembolic complications or heart failure. AF is associated with multiple other conditions such as hypertension, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Hospitalizations, medications and procedure-related costs associated with treating AF all contribute to healthcare costs. Thus, decisions about the management of AF are important in order to improve patients’ quality of life and to minimize morbidity and mortality. “…decisions about the management of AF are important in order to improve patients’ quality of life and to minimize morbidity and mortality.”
Similar effects of feedback signals and instructional information on EEG activity

Abstract Normal human subjects may systematically modify the proportions of alpha and beta frequency activity in the occipital EEG in either of two conditions. They may be provided with information giving appropriate strategies for producing such changes or with only second by second feedback about their success in achieving the response criteria. Subjects provided with both did no better than subjects given prior information or feedback alone. Subjects who received no treatment, or who were given information inappropriately matched to the feedback signal, showed no systematic changes. The similarity in both the development and final magnitude of the differential responsiveness in the groups which learned emphasizes the difficulty in ascribing learned changes to the effects of feedback if subjects are also informed about the nature of the task.
Differential effect of asparaginase on lymphocyte subpopulations and alleviation of the immunosuppression by lipopolysaccharide

The effect of a range of E. coli L-asparaginase (EC2) concentrations on mouse splenocyte blastogenesis was examined at various concentrations of both T- and B-lymphocyte mitogens. At optimal mitogen concentration and with 0.1 unit EC2/ml inhibition of the Con A (T cell) response was 2.5 times as great as inhibition of the LPS (B cell) response. Another T-cell stimulant, periodate, was inhibited in a manner comparable to Con A while the PHA response was inhibited to an intermediate degree. In vivo the PFC response was suppressed to 19% of normal when 100 units EC2 was given with SRBC. However, when T-cell participation in this response was by-passed by simultaneously giving LPS, the residual activity rose from 19% to 52%, again suggesting that T-lymphocytes were the more severely depressed population. These observations demonstrate that a nonspecific stimulant of the immune system may alleviate the depression of immune responsiveness induced by a chemotherapeutic agent.
Barycentric Coordinates for Convex Polytopes

An extension of the standard barycentric coordinate functions for simplices to arbitrary convex polytopes is described. The key to this extension is the construction, for a given convex polytope, of a unique polynomial associated with that polytope. This polynomial, theadjoint of the polytope, generalizes a previous two-dimensional construction described by Wachspress. The barycentric coordinate functions for the polytope are rational combinations of adjoints of various dual cones associated with the polytope.
Factors in measurement of dose by gamma scintigraphy.

ABSTRACT1 Gamma camera scanning offers researchers the opportunity to measure both total and regional deposition of drugs in the lungs and other parts of the body. While a number of clinical studie...
Extracts of human atherosclerotic lesions can modify low density lipoproteins leading to enhanced uptake by macrophages.

Abstract Plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) and/or other lipoproteins containing apo B that accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions of human aortas exhibit structural changes that are associated with enhanced uptake in an unregulated fashion by macrophages in culture, resulting in the formation of foam cells in vitro. In an attempt to better characterize the structure-function modifications, we have incubated plasma LDL with extracts of human atherosclerotic plaques obtained at surgery, and determined whether such plaque-modified LDL also demonstrates enhanced uptake by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM). Enhanced uptake was found which was linear over a concentration range of 100 μg lipoprotein protein/ml, as assessed by enhanced degradation of [ 125 I]LDL and by stimulation of cholesterol esterification. Extracts of non-arterial human tissue were unable to induce this modification, suggesting tissue specificity. When delipidated apo B from tissue-treated [ 125 I]LDL was subjected to SDS-PAGE, autoradiograms demonstrated, in addition to the B-100 band of apo B, a doublet of higher molecular weight than B-100 and a band just entering the gel, both at the expense of the B-100 band. No lower molecular weight bands suggestive of apo B degradation were seen. Modest increases in LDL electrophoretic mobility and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were found following the incubation of LDL with plaque extracts. These changes could be inhibited by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), suggesting that free radical-induced lipid peroxidation was responsible for these modifications. However, since BHT did not inhibit the uptake of the tissue-incubated LDL by macrophages, the actual modification responsible for enhanced macrophage recognition did not appear to be free radical-induced. Uptake of plaque-modified [125 [ 125 I]LDL was inhibited by only 22% by a 20-fold excess of acetyl LDL or plaque-modified LDL. If the latter did not represent a mixture of modified and unmodified particles, this result would suggest that uptake was not mediated by the scavenger receptor. It is possible that foam cells are formed in vivo when LDL particles, which have been modified by interacting with components of the arterial wall, are taken up by tissue macrophages.
Microplating of frontal sinus fractures

The repair of frontal sinus fractures is focused on the prevention of immediate and long-term adverse sequelae. Early diagnosis and treatment planning are essential. Depending on the site(s) and extent of injury, treatment usually consists of reconstruction with or without obliteration of the sinuses. The microplate is a new valuable tool that is useful in the treatment of isolated anterior frontal sinus fractures, comminuted anterior wall frontal sinus fractures, and anterior frontal sinus wall fractures associated with other sinus wall injuries.
On the three-dimensional stress field around a circular hole in a plate of arbitrary thickness

An analytical solution for the three-dimensional stress field in a plate of an arbitrary thickness, 2h, and weakened by a cylindrical hole of radius a is presented. Far away from the hole, the plate is subjected to a uniform tensile load, σ0, in a direction parallel to the plane of the plate. The solution is shown to be derivable from a general 3D solution, which the first author constructed in a previous paper. The analysis shows the stress concentration factor to vary across the thickness and to be sensitive to the value of the radius to thickness ratio, a/h. Furthermore, it is shown that for ratios of (a/h)≧4, the results predicted by plane stress theory are more than adequate for engineering applications. Finally, the transition between plane stress and plane strain appears to occur at a/h=0.5.
Protection by reserpine of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic necrosis

Abstract One hundred and twenty-five female RF strain mice were divided at random into five groups. Group I received a single injection of 0.1 ml/kg CCl4. Group II received a single injection of 0.1 mg>kg reserpine simultaneously with CCl4. Group III was pretreated for 7 days with reserpine and then received CCl4. Group IV served as a control group and group V was pretreated with reserpine for 7 days. Livers from groups IV and V were analyzed for calcium content and all groups were studied histologically. All injections were subcutaneous. Only those mice (group III) which were pretreated with reserpine were protected against CCl4 induced hepatic necrosis. Reserpine pretreatment also resulted in an elevated liver calcium content (group V). This protection against CCl4 induced hepatic necrosis could be associated with the increase in hepatic calcium since both resulted from reserpine pretreatment.
Compatibility of insecticide-fungicide wheat seed treatments with respect to germination, seedling emergence, and greenbug control.

Disulfoton and carbofuran insecticides when applied to wheat seed protect new seedlings from developing infestations of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). These insecticides were assayed for compatibility with 7 seed-applied fungicides (hexachlorobenzene, thiabendazole, pentachloronitrobenzene, carboxin, carboxin:thiram, mephfuroxam, and triadimenol) to determine the effects on germination, seedling emergence, and control of greenbug. All combination treatments affected germination adversely, and in some cases (disulfotonthiabendazole, carbofuran-thiabendazole, carbofuran-pentachloronitrobenzene) reduced the seedling stand significantly as compared to the untreated check and individual fungicide and insecticide treatments. In contrast, the efficacy of disulfoton and carbofuran in controlling greenbug was not significantly affected by combining the fungicides with them on the seed.
Developing the academic thoracic surgeon: teaching surgery.

Abstract Teaching surgery can be a very gratifying experience for those of us involved in academic thoracic surgery. Fundamentals of a good residency program require that patients should always be placed in the highest priority. However, the residency program should also be committed to teaching as a priority. Creating the proper operating room environment is essential for optimal conduct of the operation. This environment is similar to that of the airline industry, which is known as crew or cockpit resource management. The design of a teaching program needs to have evaluation as one of its key elements. In addition to resident evaluation, it is also important to have faculty evaluation by the residents. The goal of any residency program should be to foster the development of the future leaders in our specialty. The information contained within this article represents the art and science of teaching thoracic surgery as applied by the faculty in the Division of Cardiac Surgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:S22-5)
Permutations associated with billiard paths

Associated with a smooth closed convex curve C, a point P on C, and a natural number n>=3, is a billiard graph whose vertices are permutations on the set {1,2,...,n}. The graph is constructed and applied to billiard properties of C. Recursion properties of the graph as n increases are described with the aid of an appropriate generating function.
Ay Method Providing Bidirectional Control of Coil Delivery in Occlusions of Patent Ductus Arteriosus With Shallow Ampulla and Pott's Shunts

A novel method using a snare and bioptome to provide bidirectional control of a Gianturco coil for occlusion of a patent ductus arteriosus with a shallow ampulla and Pott's shunts is presented. This method greatly reduces the risk of coil embolization and optimizes coil position in difficult cases.
Mandated pain scales improve frequency of ED analgesic administration

A retrospective study design was used to determine the effect of introducing a mandated verbal numeric pain scale on the incidence and timing of analgesic administration in the ED. Consecutive patients presenting with renal colic, extremity trauma, headache, ophthalmologic trauma, and soft tissue injury were included. 521 encounters were reviewed before and 479 encounters after the introduction of the pain scale. Groups were similar in baseline characteristics. Analgesic use increased from 25% to 36% (p < 0.001), and analgesics were administered more rapidly after the scale was introduced (113 minutes vs. 152 minutes, p = 0.09). Analgesic use correlated with pain severity. Patients undergoing diagnostic testing were less likely to receive analgesics, especially when presenting with a headache (p < 0.001). We conclude that use of a pain scale at triage significantly increases use of analgesia, and shortens the time till its administration. Patients undergoing diagnostic workups were less likely to receive analgesia.
Patterns of recurrence in 1988 FIGO stage IC endometrioid endometrial cancer

Abstract Objectives To evaluate patterns of recurrence in 1988 FIGO stage IC endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods A prospectively maintained endometrial cancer database was utilized to identify all patients with stage IC endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma treated between 2/93 and 6/09. Patterns of recurrence and risk factors were analyzed. Results One hundred thirty-four patients with stage IC endometrial cancer were identified. Median age was 66years (range, 31–91years). All patients were initially treated surgically, and 79% underwent comprehensive surgical staging with lymphadenectomy. Median number of lymph nodes removed was 18 (range, 1–45). Fifty-one patients (38%) had FIGO grade 1 tumors, 55 (41%) had grade 2 tumors, and 28 (21%) had grade 3 tumors. The majority of patients (91%) received adjuvant radiation therapy. With a median follow-up of 36months (range, 0.6–141.4months), 10 patients recurred. Of these, 2 (20%) were grade 1, 2 (20%) were grade 2, and 6 (60%) were grade 3. Nine (90%) of these recurrences had a distant component and 7 (70%) were fatal. Overall, the 3year cumulative incidence failure rate for grade 1/2 tumors was 5.4%; for grade 3 tumors it was 28.9% ( P Conclusions Patients with stage IC, grade 3 endometrial cancer had a significantly increased risk of recurrence (28.9%). All of these recurrences had a distant component and the majority were fatal. Further investigation into the addition of adjuvant systemic therapy in these high-risk patients is warranted.
Studies on rate of emulsion polymerization of butadiene‐styrene (75:25) as a function of amount and kind of emulsifier used. III. Effect of amount of soap on rate of polymerization

The rate of emulsion copolymerization of butadiene-styrene (75:25) has been studied at 50°C. as a function of the amount of soap. The following soaps were investigated: potassium myristate, potassium laurate, sodium caprate, sodium salt of dispropor- tionated rosin acids, and a commercial soap (largely sodium palmitate, oleate, and stearate). The initial rate of polymerization is decreased as the amount of soap is decreased, but the rate after about 25% conversion becomes almost independent of the amount of soap. If the concentration of soap in the aqueous phase is less than the critical concentration for micelle formation the initial rate is extremely small and becomes about equal to the rate in the absence of emulsifier. The initial rate with varying amounts of different detergents is approximately proportional to the amount of solu- bilization by the soap or other detergent solution. The data confirm Harkins' theory that solnbilization by soap micelles is a major factor in the initial stages of emulsion polymerization.
1/N Expansion and Renormalization in Quantum Gravity

Gravity coupled to N massless fermions is expanded in powers of 1N, keeping κ2N fixed. The resulting lowest order graviton propagator has (k4log k2)−1 asymptotic behavior, and no tachyon or unphysical real bound state poles. There are, however, complex conjugate poles on the physical sheet. This leads to a unitary, and renormalizable, though “non-analytical” S-matrix.
Public pressure against sweat shops as perceived by top‐management of apparel and footwear companies

Purpose – Public pressure has been recognized as one of the most forceful factors underlying change in sweat shop conditions in the industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of public pressure perceived by top managers of US clothing and footwear firms and to examine effects of individual and organizational factors that may differentiate the level of perception.Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained through a mail survey, with a total of 96 cases included in the analyses.Findings – Results of a series of t‐tests revealed statistically significant influence of firm size, tenure, and firm ownership type on perceived public pressure for fair labor practices, while gender, age, education, business type, and percentage of foreign‐sourced merchandise were not found to be statistically significantly related to perceptions of public pressure.Research limitations/implications – The findings warn that the current public pressure is toward certain types of firms and their managements....
Globalisation and In equality: Some Remarks

The debate about in equality has concentrated on trade and/or technology as potential explanations. This paper argues that openness or globalisation in general, instead of the narrow definition of trade, is an important component missing from the discussion about in equality trends. To be specific, openness allows firms to increase their fallback position by presenting a credible threat of relocation. Firms do not have to actually relocate; they just have to present a credible threat to undermine worker’s welfare. This area of research, currently underdeveloped, could potentially improve our discussion about in equality.
In-vivo Characterization of Her-2/neu carcinogenesis in Mice Using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography

We reconstruct bio-markers in Her-2/neu mice using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) and appropriate fluorescent probe strategies including protease up-regulation and specific antibody based imaging.
A Moral Reading of Mahfouz's Fountain and Tomb (Hekayat Haretna)

In her article "A Moral Reading of Mahfouz's Fountain and Tomb (Hekayat Haretna)," Amal Al-Leithy analyses Naguib Mahfouz's Fountain and Tomb. In Al-Leithy's reading, Mahfouz delineates a gloomy picture of modern humanity still living in a struggle against destitution, ignorance, squalor, and the power of superstition. Society is portrayed as seeped in hopelessness as Mahfouz stresses the physical and moral degradation of his protagonists. He draws a dismal picture of life as swinging between two poles: the fountain of life and the tomb of death. In a symbolic alley in 1920s Cairo, Mahfouz describes humanity's predicament swaying between meaningfulness and absurdity and between the belief in God and belief in science. Through the episodes of the text, Mahfouz does not only refer to the implausibility of maintaining the sanctity previously associated with institutionalized religion if humanity wants to get rid of absurdity, but he also demythologizes the idea of an all-controlling, omnipotent God. Since he is not a dispassionate bystander, but, rather, a committed thinker with a clear stance, he asserts his belief in the dethronement of religion by modern science represented by the demolition of the famous takiya (a special building for mystic Sufis) in the alley and by the end of the myth of the High Sheikh, a God-like figure that has never been seen by any of the residents of the alley. Amal Al-Leithy, "A Moral Reading of Mahfouz's Fountain and Tomb (Hekayat Haretna)" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 10.3 (2008):
A conservative formulation for plasticity

In this paper we propose a fully conservative form for the continuum equations governing rate-dependent and rate-independent plastic flow in metals. The conservation laws are valid for discontinuous as well as smooth solutions. In the rate-dependent case, the evolution equations are in divergence form, with the plastic strain being passively convected and augmented by source terms. In the rate-independent case, the conservation laws involve a Lagrange multiplier that is determined by a set of constraints; we show that Riemann problems for this system admit scale-invariant solutions.
A Novel Hybrid Process for Drawing Operations

A novel hybrid process for drawing operations is proposed. This process combines the conventional drawing and hydroforming features. The hybrid drawing die assembly is designed to incorporate multiple die segments engraved with high pressure fluid channels. Preliminary results on drawn Al 6061 specimens under two fluid pressure levels showed that the drawing load can decrease significantly. The hybrid drawing process has also shown that varying the fluid pressure can alter the surface asperities at the tool-workpiece interface in real-time, promoting micro-pool lubrication. This was evidenced by distinct surface topographies observed via scanning electron micrographs and optical micrographs.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Influence of Trans-9-, Trans-12-, and CIS-12-octadecenoic acid isomers on fatty acid composition of human plasma lipids

Abstract Deuterium-labeled trans -9-, trans -12-, and cis -12-octadecenoic acid isomers were fed to young adult male subjects. Incorporation of these deuterated isomeric fats into plasma lipids was followed by GC-MS, and the influence of the isomers on plasma lipid fatty acid composition was determined. The 18:2 and 20:4 levels in the phospholipid fractions initially decreased and 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 levels increased as the deuterated 12-octadecenoic acids were incorporated. A smaller reverse effect was found for 16:0 and 18:2 acids when trans -9-octadecenoic acid was fed. Fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine returned to near baseline values as the monoenoic acid isomers levels began to decrease. Initially after feeding 12–18:1, plasma triglyceride 16:0 levels increased and 18:2 levels decreased. The percentage of 18:2 continued to decrease after the 12-octadecenoic acid level began to decrease. Presumably this occurred because plasma tryglycerides continued to supply phospholipids with 18:2. Fluctuation of both the 16:0 and 18:2 fatty acid percentages in plasma tryglyceride samples were correlated with trans -9-octadecenoic acid content. Only low levels of all three octadecenoic acid isomers were incorporated into the plasma cholesteryl ester fraction, and none of the isomers had an effect on cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition.
Elastic properties of Pd–hydrogen, Pd–deuterium, and Pd–tritium single crystals

We used a resonant-ultrasound-spectroscopy technique to measure the three independent elastic constants of PdH{sub x}, PdD{sub x}, and PdT{sub x} single crystals at 300 K. For 0.1x0.62 our PdH{sub x} crystals are two-phase mixtures of coherent {alpha} and {beta} hydride phases. For increasing x in this range, C{sub 44} decreases monotonically whereas C'=12(C11-C12) has a concave parabolic dependence. This difference is because C' is softened by an anelastic relaxation resulting from acoustic-stress-induced changes in the shape of the coherent lenticular-shape precipitates ({beta}-hydride precipitates in {alpha}-hydride matrix and {alpha}-hydride precipitates in {beta}-hydride matrix). In the {beta}-phase C' and C{sub 44} decrease with increasing hydrogen (or deuterium or tritium) content. Furthermore, C' exhibits a strong isotope effect whereas C{sub 44} does not. This effect is attributed to differences in the excitation of optical phonons in Pd-H, Pd-D and Pd-T.
A systems analysis approach to transit routing and scheduling in a small city

Abstract A computer model involving simulation is presented which can be used by small city mass transit decision-makers to determine benefits of alternative routing-scheduling systems. Given the results of an origin-destination survey, the model determines the number of trip demands which will be lost due to poor routing or poor scheduling, and the best travel pattern for the trip demands which can be serviced by the routing-scheduling system. The simulation portion of the model then simulates the operation of the buses on the routes, and the loading, unloading, and transfer of passengers in order to determine trip revenues, vehicle operating costs, and a variety of customer service measures.
Interpolation methods for high-fidelity three-dimensional terrain surfaces

Recent developments in high-fidelity three-dimensional terrain surface measurements have necessitated the development of interpolation methods that are specific to different ground vehicle applications. The objective of this work is the development of application-dependent methods to convert non-uniformly spaced data to uniformly spaced data. This work develops techniques for applying interpolation methods to on-road and off-road terrain surfaces that are used in vehicle simulations. The interpolation methods examined to create uniformly spaced terrain surfaces are mean, median, Inverse Distance to a Power, and Kriging. Each method is judged in four areas: computational efficiency, outlier sensitivity, location sensitivity, and trend sensitivity. The results of this work show that for applications where the resolution of interest is coarse (25 mm or greater) the mean and median are advantageous for creating a uniform grid; but for data applications where fine resolution is required (less than 25 mm) the Inverse Distance to a Power and Kriging have advantages.
The Terms Occupation and Activity Over the History of Official Occupational Therapy Publications

The history of articles in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and its predecessors reflects trends and changes in professional terminology and the thoughts underlying that terminology. In this study, we investigate use of occupation, activity, and related terms across 9 decades of occupational therapy literature from the 1920s to the 2000s. The literature for 3 years of each of the 9 decades was scanned electronically. A random numbers table was used to equalize the number of words across decades, and a computer search function was used to determine each term's frequency of use for each decade. Results indicated that the term occupation was widely used in the 1920s but then declined until the 1980s. With a rapid increase in use in the 2000s, the term occupation actually appeared more often than it did in the 1920s. The term activity appeared infrequently in the 1920s but gained popularity from the 1930s to the 1960s. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the use of both terms was quite low. This study shows that basic occupational therapy terminology has fluctuated dramatically over time. Given the essential link between terminology and theory, these changes arguably reflect authors' and editors' changing viewpoints on the profession's fundamental nature.
Simulations on the statistical properties for cascaded Rayleigh fading channel

In the past few years, mobile to mobile communication has gained much attention. Researchers have invested considerable effort in obtaining appropriate channel models to understand the statistical properties of the underlying channels. Generally, models can be classified into two groups, statistical and deterministic. In statistical models, a number of trials are required to obtain the desired properties by averaging simulation results. In deterministic models, a single trial is used to obtain desired properties. Deterministic models require much higher complexity compared to statistical models. In this paper, we study a statistical model based on a two-cascaded Raleigh principle. The proposed model requires fewer trials, has faster convergence rate, and it is less complex than some existing models. Monte Carlo simulations are provided for the first-order and second-order statistics of the proposed models for comparison with some existing models.
Actions of chlorpromazine metabolites on brain guanylate cyclase

Abstract Chlorpromazine and five metabolites were evaluated with respect to their influence upon soluble and particulate guanylate cyclases from mouse cerebral cortex. The 8-hydroxy derivative of chlorpromazine was the only compound to consistently block basal, Ca 2+ activation (particulate) and sodium azide or hydroxylamine stimulation (soluble) of the enzyme preparations.
Membranes are more mosaic than fluid

The wealth of new data on membrane protein structures and functions is changing our general view of membrane architecture. Some of the key themes that are emerging are that membranes are patchy, with segregated regions of structure and function, that lipid regions vary in thickness and composition, and that crowding and ectodomains limit exposure of lipid to the adjacent aqueous regions.
Using UICDS to Share Data in the Real-Time Decision Support System for Pandemic Response

This paper presents our experience using the Unified Incident Command Decision Support System (UICDS) middleware platform developed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to facilitate sharing data between our Real-Time Decision Support System (RTDSS) and third party data sources. We describe the basics of UICDS and further show how we integrated UICDS one of our projects.
Thin‐Boiling and Nongelling Adhesive Prepared from Maize and Wheat Starches

To prepare thin-boiling and nongelling adhesives, granular wheat and corn starches were thinned by treatment with aqueous hydrochloric acid or sodium hypochlorite and then hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide. Chlorine oxidation gave more rapid chain cleavage and whiter products with better freeze-storage stability than acid-treatment. Under the same depolymerization conditions, wheat starch was converted to a low viscosity granular starch more rapidly than corn starch. The best adhesive, judged by bonding strength, viscosity stability, and freeze-thaw stability, resulted from wheat or corn starch oxidized with 0.82% Cl at pH 8.0 for 1 h followed by hydroxypropylation to molar substitution (M.S.) ∼ 0.07. Dunnkochender und nicht gelierender, aus Mais- und Weizenstarken hergestellter Klebstoff. Zur Herstellung von dunnkochenden und nicht gelierenden Klebstoffen wurden granulare Weizen- und Maisstarken durch Behandlung mit wasriger Salzsaure- oder Natriumhypochloritlosung behandelt und dann mit Propylenoxid hydroxypropyliert. Die Chloroxidation fuhrte zu schnellerer Kettenspaltung und weiseren Produkten bei besserer Gefrier-Tau-Stabilitat als die Saurebehandlung. Unter gleichen Depolymerisierungsbedingungen wurde Weizenstarke rascher zu einer granularen Starke mit niedriger Viskositat umgewandelt als Maisstarke. Der beste Klebstoff, beurteilt nach Haftfestigkeit. Viskositatsstabilitat und Gefrier-Tau-Stabilitat, ergab sich aus Weizen- oder Maisstarke, die 1 h mit 0,82% Cl bei pH 8,0 oxidiert wurden, gefolgt von Hydroxypropylierung bis zur molaren Substitution (M.S.) von ∼ 0.07.
GFUZ: an interactive program for solving a multicriteria decision making problem

Abstract In this paper, an interactive approach for dealing with a linear programing model under multiple and conflicting objectives is presented. The technique used can be regarded as fuzzy mathematical programming. A compromise solution is determined by eliciting from a single decision maker, a curve of preference for given aspiration levels of the objectives involved. Software was developed for a personal computer and can be helpful in providing support to practitioners utilizing mathematical modelling to justify their decisions.
Enterprise agility and the enabling role of information technology

In turbulent environments, enterprise agility, that is, the ability of firms to sense environmental change and respond readily, is an important determinant of firm success. We define and deconstruct enterprise agility, delineate enterprise agility from similar concepts in the business research literature, explore the underlying capabilities that support enterprise agility, explicate the enabling role of information technology (IT) and digital options, and propose a method for measuring enterprise agility. The concepts in this paper are offered as foundational building blocks for the overall research program on enterprise agility and the enabling role of IT.
A method for evaluating the mixing characteristics of u.v. reactors with short detention times

Abstract Ultraviolet (u.v.) light disinfection of municipal wastewaters is rapidly gaining popularity as an alternative to chlorination. However, little information is available which correlates the disinfection efficiencies with the various types of u.v. reactor system designs. This study presents the results of research carried out on a particular u.v. reactor design: a Teflon®-tube wastewater carrier externally irradiated by a parallel u.v. lamp. An innovative experimental method was developed to obtain concentration-time distribution curves for reactors of detention times of
Spectral classification, morphology, and detection of distant galaxies

We describe a framework for utilizing both colors and morphology to test for evolution in deep samples of field galaxies. Spectral classification, as a first step, provides a well defined referent when comparing galaxy morphology at different redshifts, because unlike morphology, colors can be measured consistently regardless of image resolution. We examine the dependence of size and surface brightness on spectral type and demonstrate the importance of these morphological quantities in determining survey completness in the Bj and K bands. By these criteria, the deepest published K band counts should be complete to z<0.6 for all galaxies found in our sample. Bright, optical surveys may miss nearby, faint blue galaxies.
Validity of anthropometric techniques for estimating percentage body fat in obese females before and after sizable weight loss.

The validity of selected generalized (n = 7) and obese population-specific (n = 2) skinfold and girth based anthropometric equations (using hydrostatic weighing as the criterion measure) was evaluated in 19 obese women before and after a mean body weight loss of 19.4 kg (percent body fat was reduced from 45.3% to 35.4%). For the present study, evaluation criteria of mean differences in percent body fat (%BF) of 0.70, and total error (T.E.) values of 0.70 and T.E. values of less than 5% in obese women before weight loss. After 19.4 kg of weight loss, all but three of the equations resulted in mean differences in %BF of less than 3%, r values of > 0.70 and T.E. values of less than 5%. The obese population-specific equations of Barrows and Snook (1987) and Weltman et al. (1988) were not accurate predictors of body composition after weight loss as they resulted in mean differences of 4.5–7.0 %BF. Although some of the equations examined were valid predictors of %BF either before or after weight loss, only the Jackson et al. (1980) equations which utilized both skinfolds and hip girth, and the Tran and Weltman (1988) equation which utilized trunk girths, resulted in mean differences of r = 0.70, and T.E. scores of < ± 5 %BF both before and after weight loss. It was concluded that the prediction techniques of Jackson et al. (1980) and Tran and Weltman (1989), which utilize girth measures as part of the prediction technique, may have clinical utility for estimating changes in %BF in obese females before and after sizable weight loss. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A survey of one-dimensional and multidimensional numerical integration

Abstract After an introductory section in which some general results are quoted, there follows a section on one-dimensional rules, dealing with integration over finite intervals, error estimates, singularities, infinite integrals, oscillatory integrals and indefinite integrals. The final section, on multidimensional integrals, pays particular attention to fully symmetric regions, such as the hypercube and hypersphere.
Electronic effects and mechanistic features in the rearrangement-displacement reactions of aryl(chloromethyl)diphenylsilanes with fluoride ion

Abstract At 25°C aryl migrations from negatively-charged pentacoordinate silicon correlate with the abilities of the rearranging groups to bear negative charge, but at lower temperatures the migrations become less dependent on electron-withdrawing stabilization.
Phase equilibria of alkanes in natural gas systems. 3: Alkanes in carbon dioxide

A chromatographic technique was used to measure experimental capacity factors for the n-alkanes from C9H20 to C36H74 in CO2 from 308.2 to 348.2 K and from 100 to 240 bar. Infinite dilution activity coefficients, γi∞, were calculated for the solid n-alkanes (C24H50 to C36H74) utilizing regular solution theory to characterize the stationary phase. This allowed the estimation of solubilities from capacity factors for the solid n-alkanes in CO2.
Misogyny Revisited: The Eve Traditions in Avot de Rabbi Natan, Versions A and B

This interdisciplinary study of gender in Avot de Rabbi Natan, using a theoretical frame from cultural anthropology, is an enterprise of feminist historiography. Focusing on ARNB's singular formulation of aggadic accounts of Eve's sin, it proposes a possible historical trajectory of Jewish women's experience and how that experience was perceived, manipulated and/or negotiated by the Jewish men who were the formulators and transmitters of rabbinic tradition. Generally speaking, traditions about women and gender in ARN demonstrate a stance on the natural, religious and social subordination of women to men, which I will designate “patriarchal stewardship.” Yet the Eve traditions, especially those in ARNB, go beyond articulating this androcentric stance on gender differentiation and social hierarchy; they negotiate a cognitive, religious problem: why do women, and women alone, suffer and die in the process of biological reproduction if “be fruitful and multiply” is a divine imperative in Genesis 1:28?
GADA positivity at onset of type 1 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Kordonouri O, Charpentier N, Hartmann R. GADA positivity at onset of type 1 diabetes is a risk factor for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. Aim: To evaluate whether the presence of diabetes-specific autoantibodies may predict the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase IA2 antibodies (IA2A), and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were determined at T1D onset in 341 children and adolescents. Thyroid antibodies (anti-TG, anti-TPO), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3 and T4 were measured in 335 patients at T1D onset and thereafter annually with a follow-up time of 1–15 yr. In case of thyroid antibody positivity and/or TSH elevation, thyroid gland sonography was performed. Treatment with l-thyroxine was started if persistent elevation of TSH and/or thyroid volume was present. Results: The majority of patients (92.1%) had at least one T1D antibody (71.6% GADA, 73.0% IA2A, and 44.9% IAA). GADA positive patients were older than those without GADA (p < 0.001). Thyroid autoimmunity was found in 15 of 335 patients (4.5%) at T1D onset with female preponderance (p = 0.013). At the end of follow-up, 70 patients (20.9%) had developed thyroid autoantibodies [cumulative incidence (CI) 0.36 ± 0.06 at 10 yr of T1D]. In 30 patients (9.0%), AIT was diagnosed up to 9.4 yr after T1D onset (CI 0.24 ± 0.06 at 10 yr). AIT incidence was not influenced by IAA or IA2A positivity. In multivariate analysis, GADA positive patients were estimated to have a 3.5-fold increased risk of AIT (CI 0.31 ± 0.11 at 10 yr) compared to those without GADA (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Based on the present results, a special focus should be given to GADA positive patients concerning screening for AIT as they are at increased risk to develop autoimmune thyroiditis.
Development of the brachial lateral motor column in the wingless mutant chick embryo: Motoneuron survival under varying degrees of peripheral load

Survival of motoneurons in the lateral motor column (LMC) of the chick embryo is known to depend on the periphery. How this dependence relates to the normally occurring death of motoneurons is unknown. Analysis of the time course of LMC cell loss in the absence of varying amounts of limb musculature could help bring about an understanding of this relationship. We undertook this analysis by studying LMC development in wingless chick embryos. Grossly these embryos lack wings, but we have reported that some of them possess more than 40% of the normal volume of wing bud-derived muscles (M.E. Lanser and J.F. Fallon, Anat. Rec. 217:61–78, 1987). In the present work we compared the time course of LMC development in wingless embryos that possessed varying amounts of wing bud-derived musculature with that in normal embryos. In normal embryos little cell loss occurs from the brachial LMC prior to day 8 (15% of the: total cell loss). Most of the normal cell loss occurs between 8 and 10 days (62% of the total cell loss). In the wingless LMC, anywhere from 55% to 70% of the total cell loss occurs before day 8. The death of motoneurons prior to day 8 is proportional to the amount of wing bud musculature eliminated by the mutation. Cell loss after day Bis proportional to the amount of wing bud musculature spared by the mutation. Therefore, when the limb is missing, most motoneurons die before the major period of cell loss even begins in the normal LMC. Counts of dead cells in the LMC also support this conclusion. In addition, curves plotting the rates at which cells are lost from the brachial LMC provide a suggestion that normal cell loss is biphasic and that limb removal enhances primarily the first phase of cell loss. These data suggest that the majority of motoneurons may die for different reasons in the normal and the limb-deprived LMCs. Overall, the number of motoneurons surviving in the brachial LMC is proportional to the volume of wing bud-derived muscle present. However, as the muscle volume approaches zero, motoneuron number does not. This suggests that most, but not all, motoneurons depend on limb bud-derived muscles for survival. Finally, the decreased motoneuron number in the wingless LMC, when compared to normal after the cell death period, cannot be totally accounted for by the additional loss of cells that occurred during the cell death period in the wingless LMC. This raises the possibility that limb absence influences the initial formation of the LMC, a possibility that deserves further investigation.
Interactions among Ca2+, Na+ and K+ in salinity toxicity: quantitative resolution of multiple toxic and ameliorative effects

Root elongation by wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Scout 66) was not inhibited by NaCI or KCI up to 130 mM in culture solutions or by high Na + (2 mg g -1 FW) or K + (4 mg g -1 FW) in the root tissue, provided that [Ca 2+ ]>2 mM in the rooting medium. At [NaCI], [KCI], or [mannitol] > 250 mOs, root elongation was progressively inhibited, irrespective of high [Ca 2+ ]. In contrast, shoot elongation was sensitive to any diminution of water potential, and Ca 2+ alleviated the toxicity only weakly. At solute concentrations <250 mOs, the following interactions were observed. Ca 2+ + alleviated Na + and K + toxicity to roots by at least three separate mechanisms. K + was more toxic to roots than Na + , but Na + was more toxic to shoots. Low levels of K + relieved Na + toxicity, but low levels of Na + enhanced K + toxicity. Tissue concentrations of Na + were reduced by Ca 2+ and K + in the rooting medium, and tissue concentrations of K + were enhanced by Ca 2+ and Na + . Several hypotheses relating to salinity toxicity can be evaluated, at least for wheat seedlings. The osmoticant hypothesis (salinity intoxication occurs because of diminished water potential) is true for shoots at all salinity levels, but is true for roots only at high salinity. The Ca 2+ -displacement hypothesis (Na + is toxic because it displaces Ca 2+ from the cell surface) is correct, but often of minor importance. The K + -depletion hypothesis (Na + is toxic because it causes a loss of K + from plant tissues) is false. The Cl - -toxicity hypothesis (the apparent toxicity of Na + is induced by associated Cl - ) is false. The results indicate that, apart from osmotic effects, high levels of Na + in the rooting medium and in the tissues are not toxic unless Ca 2+ is also deficient, a condition probably leading to inadequate compartmentation and excessive cytoplasmic accumulation. This study related growth to ion activities at plasma-membrane surfaces. These activities were computed by a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model then incorporated into non-linear growth models for growth versus toxicants and ameliorants.
Anthropocentric and Ecocentric: An Application of Environmental Philosophy to Outdoor Recreation and Environmental Education.

Sometimes environmental philosophers write only for other environmental philosophers, and their insights on the nature–human relationship do not reach environmental educators and adventure programmers. This article investigates one aspect of environmental philosophy and the differences between anthropocentric and ecocentric thinking, and applies it to the outdoor recreation and environmental education fields. Even some philosophers themselves believe that the anthropocentric/ecocentric debate is a theoretical discussion with few practical implications, but there are several reasons that outdoor recreation professionals and environmental educators might consider anthropocentric and ecocentric distinctions in their work. They include an appreciation of motivations behind environmental action and the practical value of discussing philosophical differences.