cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scanning electron microscopy of plastic surfaces as related to metal deposition

Abstract Bonding of metals to plastic substrates has been studied with the aid of the scanning electron microscope. Three different plastics and associated plating processes were used, and the results further define the application of mechanical and chemical bonding concepts. Corrosion-associated adhesion losses may be caused more by poor conditioning than by corrosion undercutting of metal layers.
The Influence of Molecular Recognition on the Hydration of AG-013958 in the Solid State

In the solid state, AG-013958 exists as a three-dimensional hydrate that dehydrates completely at 109°C with subsequent melting at 183°C. Water molecules in the AG-013958 crystal structure occupy hydrophilic sites and anchor neighboring drug molecules through H bonding. Because hydrates/dehydrates display different physical properties related to dissolution, solubility & bioavailability, the stability of AG-013958 monohydrate was investigated. A reversible hydration/dehydration of AG-013958 was observed in which a meta-stable dehydrate was created on removal of H2O. Solid-state x-ray diffraction data suggest the reversible hydration mechanism results from molecular recognition between drug molecules, which affects molecular packing and the observed channel network. The hydration rate was largely dependent upon vapor pressure and the rate of hydration doubled from 7.6 to 15% RH at ambient conditions, whereas temperature influenced the hydration kinetics to a much lesser extent. Hydrate stability can be con...
Overhead analysis in a surgical practice: a brief communication.

Evaluating overhead is an essential part of any business, including that of the surgeon. By examining each component of overhead, the surgeon will have a better grasp of the profitability of his or her practice. The overhead discussed in this article includes health insurance, overtime, supply costs, rent, advertising and marketing, telephone costs, and malpractice insurance. While the importance of evaluating and controlling overhead in a business is well understood, few know that overhead increases do not always imply increased expenses. National standards have been provided by the Medical Group Management Association. One method of evaluating overhead is to calculate the amount spent in terms of percent of net revenue. Net revenue includes income from patients, from interest, and from insurers less refunds. Another way for surgeons to evaluate their practice is to calculate income and expenses for two years, then calculate the variance between the two years and the percentage of variance to see where t...
Tumor Regression by Targeted Gene Delivery to the Neovasculature

Efforts to influence the biology of blood vessels by gene delivery have been hampered by a lack of targeting vectors specific for endothelial cells in diseased tissues. Here we show that a cationic nanoparticle (NP) coupled to an integrin αvβ3–targeting ligand can deliver genes selectively to angiogenic blood vessels in tumor-bearing mice. The therapeutic efficacy of this approach was tested by generating NPs conjugated to a mutant Raf gene, ATP μ -Raf , which blocks endothelial signaling and angiogenesis in response to multiple growth factors. Systemic injection of the NP into mice resulted in apoptosis of the tumor-associated endothelium, ultimately leading to tumor cell apoptosis and sustained regression of established primary and metastatic tumors.
Detection of oncogene‐related proteins with site‐directed monoclonal antibody probes

Sequences of oncogenes define related families and provide a large data bank for the production of synthetic peptides. These peptides can be used to produce site-directed monoclonal antibody probes, which identify oncogene-encoded and oncogene-related proteins. The creation and utilization of these probes for clinical laboratory analysis are discussed.
Ghost-free formulation of quantum gravity in the light-cone gauge

Abstract By choosing the light-cone gauge, we remove all redundant components of the metric tensor as well as all Faddeev-Popov ghosts from the Einstein Lagrangian, from which Feynman rules for two independent transverse components can be immediately formulated. The 2 + 2 decomposition of the metric tensor proves to be simpler than the usual canonical 1 + 3 decomposition, so that all spurious components can be explicitly eliminated from the spectrum. Because the Lagrangian is now only a function of independent components, it is possible to study the unresolved problem of the functional measure for quantum gravity. We are presently studying the measure problem.
A Nyström solution of the quasi-magnetostatic volume integral equation for eddy current analysis

A time-harmonic quasi-magnetostatic volume integral equation is formulated for the eddy currents and magnetization in a conducting, magnetic material. The integral equation is solved using the Locally Corrected Nystrom (LCN) method. The formulation is capable of handling mixed meshes of hexahedral, prism, and tetrahedral elements. Several problems are analyzed and error convergence plots are presented.
Synthesis of chelating, C2-symmetric bis(silylamido) complexes of zirconium, and their activities as olefin polymerization catalysts

Abstract The zirconium bis(silylamido) complexes {[DADMB]ZrCl2}2 (3; DADMB=2,2′-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilylamido)-6,6′-dimethylbiphenyl), and [DMBN]ZrCl2·THF (4; DMBN=2,2′-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilylamido)-1,1′-binaphthyl) were prepared from the corresponding lithiated silylamines. The structure of 3 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The benzyl and methyl derivatives of 4, [DBMN]Zr(CH2Ph)2 (5) and [DMBN]ZrMe2·THF (6), were prepared by treatment of 4 with PhCH2K and MeLi, respectively. Reaction of 5 with B(C6F5)3 produces the crystallographically characterized zwitterionic complex [DMBN]Zr(CH2Ph)[η6-PhCH2B(C6F5)3] (7), in which the benzyl group of the anion is coordinated in an η6-fashion to zirconium. Compounds 3 and 4 are moderately active as ethylene polymerization catalysts when activated with excess MAO. Activation of 5 with 1 equiv. of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] resulted in formation of a catalyst which polymerizes neat 1-hexene to give low molecular weight polyhexene.
Women's Work, Men's Work, and the Sense of Control:

This article examines gender differences in four dimensions of work alienation—routine, nonautonomous, estranged, and isolated work—and the ways in which work alienation shapes subjective alienation, measured as the sense of powerlessness versus control. It is expected that women's work is more objectively alienating than men's, that these work characteristics shape people's sense of personal control, and that work characteristics explain the effect of employment status, especially homemaker status and part-time employment, on perceived control. These propositions are examined in a 1995 U.S. national telephone probability sample with 2,592 respondents. Nonroutine work, including task variety and problem solving; autonomous work, including decision-making autonomy and freedom from supervision; fulfilling work; and nonisolated work all significantly positively affect the sense of personal control. Women's disproportionate representation in homemaking and part-time work explains women's low personal control....
Analysis of the kinetics of factor X activation by tissue factor-factor VIIA.

In this paper we consider the assumptions that apply to the classical Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics and examine their applicability to a two-dimensional catalytic system. While we specifically addr
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor targeted therapies in pediatric cancer

Data from over 20 years ago demonstrated potential use for IGF signaling modulators, specifically with IGF-1R antagonists, in a variety of pediatric and adolescent cancers, particularly in sarcomas. However, in spite of promising preclinical data, IGF-1R inhibitors have not had the success as single agents that was originally hoped for in clinical trials. Several potential mechanisms exist by which tumors are resistant to IGF-1R inhibitors. Notably, these resistance mechanisms are currently best understood in Ewing sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Various treatment schema have been proposed as a potential way to overcome this resistance. The use of IGF-1R inhibitors, mechanisms of resistance, and current ongoing clinical studies using IGF-1R inhibitors in pediatric cancers are reviewed here.
On the “New Ecology” Paradigm

thropologists employed those concepts. I do not think that "exploitation" and "surplus" have these three properties. Finally, I disagree utterly with Dunn on the subjective aspect of exploitation, on the need to know whether or not peasants (or others said to be exploited) feel themselves to be exploited. I think that the least ambiguous meaning of exploitation is injustice, and those who suffer injustice feel outrage and resentment at the unfairness being inflicted on them and, indeed, sometimes rebel. If peasants in Red China today do not feel exploited despite the fact that even more is taken from them in taxes than was the case before 1949 (Moore 1966:227, referring to Yang 1959:158-159, 174-175), it is because they feel the high taxes they pay are just: that the taxes are being levied fairly, that their taxes will not be stolen by corrupt officials, and that they approve of the developmental and welfare purposes their taxes are spent on--even though the Chinese peasants do not have a voice in the levying or spending of their taxes.
Exercise: the right prescription.

Exercise: The Right Prescription “Those who do not find time for exercise will have to find time for illness.” Old Proverb
Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases in the zebra finch: distribution, cloning and characterization of a PDE4B homolog.

Abstract Songbirds are important animal models for studying neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory. While evidence has emerged that cAMP plays a significant role in invertebrate and mammalian learning, little is known about the role of cAMP pathways in regulating neuronal function in birds. With the goal of identifying important components of this pathway, we report the first cloning of a cAMP-specific, Type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE4) in a non-mammalian vertebrate. A combination of PCR analysis and cDNA library screening was used to show that homologs of the four known mammalian PDE4 genes also exist in zebra finch. A full-length cDNA representing the zebra finch homolog of PDE4B1 was isolated from a telencephalic library. Expression of this cDNA in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) cells yielded an enzyme that hydrolyzed cAMP with a low Km and was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of rolipram; these properties are typical of all known mammalian PDE4s. In brain, northern blots revealed transcripts of 3.6 and 4.4 kb in adults, but only the 3.6 kb transcript in juveniles, suggesting that PDE4 expression is developmentally regulated. In situ hybridization of tissue sections demonstrated that PDE4 message was distributed widely throughout the adult zebra finch brain, including regions controlling the learning of songs and the acquisition of spatial memories. These data suggest that PDE4 enzymes may influence a variety of brain functions in these birds and play a role in learning.
Communication and Collective Actions: A Survey Experiment on Motivating Energy Conservation in the U.S.

When do citizens take action to benefit the public good, even when individual benefits are scant or non-existent? We address this question with a focus on an area of critical importance when it comes to environmental sustainability—specifically, we examine citizens' actions in the domain of energy conservation. We do so by using a survey experiment to evaluate the impact of exposure to communications posited to shape collective action behavior. We find that communications shape behavior depending on two primary factors not previously studied in concert: to whom responsibility is attributed for collective outcomes; and, what effects, or consequences, are associated with one's actions. We find that communications emphasizing individual responsibility and collective environmental benefits can stimulate collective action.
Heat Penetration for Sliced Mushrooms in Brine Processed in Still and Agitating Retorts with Comparisons to Spore Count Reduction

Retail and institutional cans of sliced mushrooms in brine were heated in still and agitating retorts. The Fo values and heat penetration factors were determined from time-temperature data for various brine headspaces, reel speeds, and fill weights. Mushroom fill weight was the more critical parameter for simulated Sterilmatic and still processes. In the Sterilmatic, increasing the fill weight by 17% reduced the Fo from 9.5 to 5.7 min. Compacting mushrooms during filling reduced the Fo from 21.8 to 4.3 min in the still retort. A microbial method of process determination was conducted for selected agitated processes to compare with heat penetration. The integrated sterilization value, based on spore count reduction, exceeded Fo by as much as 7.2 min in the 603 × 700 can, indicating the two sterilization values are not directly comparable.
Project Download:: Putting OCLC in Your Own Database File

Many people have wanted to do many things with OCLC‐MARC records. I would like to track the different kinds of bibliographic records processed by my cataloging staff so I can assign work to the professional and paraprofessional staff most efficiently. So, as the beginning of a management information system (MIS), I created Project Download, a microcomputer program that counts the number of bibliographic records that a holding library downloads from the OCLC Online Union Catalog and also enables me, as manager of the cataloging department, to count the materials coming from our acquisitions department. I gather the information using an M300 Workstation and process it on a Zenith 158 XT microcomputer that has a 10MB hard disk, using a microcomputer program called Smart to extract the data from the IBM environment and transform it into meaningful information in the Zenith environment. Smart is an integrated, fourth‐generation microcomputer software package with word processing, spreadsheet, graphics, communications, time management, and relational database management capabilities. Aldiough Smart doesn't require a hard disk, Project Download does in order to automatically pass data and control from module to module.
Spintronics: Shedding light on nanomagnets.

The magnetism of semiconductor nanocrystals can be controlled by shining light on them, which could have applications in information storage and processing.
Clinical usefulness of the Hexascan. Treatment of cutaneous vascular and melanocytic disorders.

background. The Hexascan is an automated scanning laser handpiece originally developed to treat port-wine stains. It can be adapted to operate with most continuous wave laser systems delivering a variety of visible wavelengths. objective. To review the use of Hexascan with 585-nm yellow dye laser light for cutaneous vascular disorders and 514-nm green argon light for benign cutaneous melanocytic disorders. methods. The current clinical results, treatment parameters, indications, limitations, and complications of these procedures are discussed in a review format. In addition, a new clinical study of benign lentigines treated with green laser light is presented. results. Most benign lentigines showed considerable lightening or complete disappearance after one or two treatments. Other melanocytic disorders may also respond. Deep dermal lesions such as Nevus of Ota may be totally unresponsive. Both vascular malformations such as port-wine stains and hemangiomas are also treatable. conclusion. The Hexascan device attached to a continuous wave tunable dye laser can successfully treat a wide variety of cutaneous vascular and melanocytic disorders in both infants and adults.
Buckling of Thick Orthotropic Cylindrical Shells Under Torsion

A three-dimensional elasticity solution to the problem of buckling of orthotropic cylindrical shells under torsion is presented. A mixed form of the Galerkin method with a series of Legendre polynomials in the thickness coordinate has been applied to solve the governing differential equations. The accuracy of existing shell theory solutions has been assessed through a comparison study for both isotropic and orthotropic cylinders. For isotropic cylinders the solutions based on the Donnell shell theory were found to predict nonconservative values for the critical loads. As the circumferential wave numbers increase, shell theory solutions provide more accurate values. For orthotropic cylinders, the classical shell theory predicts much higher critical loads for a relatively short and thick cylinder, while the shear deformation theories provide results reasonably close to the elasticity solutions. Detailed data are also presented for the critical torsional loads over a wide range of length ratios and radius ratios for isotropic, glass/epoxy, and graphite/epoxy cylinders.
Efficient Activation of Reconstructed Rat Embryos by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors

Background: Over the last decade a number of species, from farm animals to rodents, have been cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNT). This technique has the potential to revolutionize the way that genetically modified animals are made. In its current state, the process of SCNT is very inefficient (,5% success rate), with several technical and biological hurdles hindering development. Yet, SCNT provides investigators with powerful advantages over other approaches, such as allowing for prescreening for the desired level of transgene expression and eliminating the excess production of undesirable wild-type animals. The rat plays a significant role in biomedical research, but SCNT has been problematic for this species. In this study, we address one aspect of the problem by evaluating methods of activation in artificially constructed rat embryos. Principal Findings: We demonstrate that treatment with a calcium ionophore (ionomycin) combined with a variety of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is an effective way to activate rat embryos. This is in contrast to methods developed for the mouse embryo, which tolerates much less specific chemical treatments. Methods developed to activate mouse embryos do not translate well to rat embryos. Conclusions: Activation methods developed for one species will not necessarily translate to another species, even if it is closely related. Further, the parthenogenic response to chemical activators is not always a reliable indicator of how reconstructed embryos will react to the same activation method. A better understanding of rat oocyte physiology, although essential for developing better models of disease, may also provide insights that will be useful for making the SCNT process more efficient.
EFFECTS OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION ON SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN RATS

The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat is a commonly used model to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, many such studies rely on short-term neurological examination and infarct volume as endpoint measures while neglecting more long-term functional assessments. In this study, we examined whether there were changes in passive avoidance behavior, spontaneous behavioral patterns across the light-dark cycle, and motor coordination as measured on the rotorod test 1 month after Sprague-Dawley rats had undergone MCAO. Compared to age-matched controls, fewer animals in the MCAO group remained on the platform during the passive avoidance retention test (p < .03). Significant differences between the groups were observed in the spontaneous activity during the initial portions of both the light and dark testing periods, when the test situation was new (p < .01 to .05, depending on the variable examined). Any differences on the rotorod test failed to gain statistical significance. These results suggest that at least the passive avoidance test and measures of spontaneous activity are sensitive to ischemia-induced damage over a more prolonged survival period and therefore may be appropriate measures for long-term effectiveness of new treatments.
The extended campus—safety abroad

Study abroad has evolved from small, isolated programs for students to a more integral part of many students’ undergraduate experience. Institutions are beginning to consider the safety aspects beyond the academic program itself. This chapter covers procedures and processes for administrators to consider.
Synthesis of novel neutrophil-specific imaging agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging

A neutrophil-specific peptide, cinnamoyl-F(D)LF(D)LFK (cFLFLFK), was conjugated consecutively with a polyethylene glycol moiety (3.4K) and 2,2',2'',2'''-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (DOTA) to form cFLFLFK-PEG-DOTA. After (64)Cu labeling, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging was successfully able to detect mouse lung inflammation.
Cancer vaccines based on the identification of genes encoding cancer regression antigens

Abstract The adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of metastatic melanoma in humans. The genes encoding the antigens recognized by these TILs have been cloned and characterized. Here, Steven Rosenberg review's how these genes and gene products are being used to develop new immunotherapies for the treatment of patients with cancer.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an important etiology of nonatherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Innovations in the catheterization laboratory including optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound have enhanced the ability to visualize intimal disruption and intramural hematoma associated with SCAD. Formerly considered "rare," these technological advances and heightened awareness suggest that SCAD is more prevalent than prior estimates. SCAD is associated with female sex, young age, extreme emotional stress, or extreme exertion, pregnancy, and fibromuscular dysplasia. The clinical characteristics and management strategies of SCAD patients are different than for atherosclerotic heart disease and deserve specific consideration. This review will highlight recent discoveries about SCAD as well as describe current efforts to elucidate remaining gaps in knowledge.
Smoking and smoking cessation—The relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: A review

Cigarette smoking is generally accepted as the most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Individuals who smoke experience a wide range of physiologic side effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, elevated catecholamine levels which contribute to an elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia. The link between hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease has been extensively researched and is undeniable. What is more, this link is strengthened in smokers as cigarette smoking is known to increase total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while acting to decrease the cardio-protective high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Alterations in the enzymes that control lipid transport may be a key underlying mechanism contributing to these health destroying effects. This review examines the current literature related to: (1) smoking, lipoproteins, and lipid-related enzymes; (2) the impact of nicotine, carbon monoxide and free radicals on physiologic parameters related to health; and (3) metabolic issues involving smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy.
Systematic Marketing Facilitates Optimal Customer Service: The Marketing Audit of a Rural Public Library System

This article presents a case study of a marketing audit of the Lee County Library System, a rural public library system located in southwest Georgia. Marketing audits are an underutilized but needed tool for public libraries. In this audit, the library system’s mission, goals, environments, community and employee demographics, and a strengths/weakness/opportunities/threats (SWOT) analysis were evaluated, resulting in several recommendations. These recommendations include a new mission statement, regular SWOT analyses, and potential market segments for targeted library services. Through this case study, the complexities, challenges, and opportunities unique to rural public libraries can be understood.
Biology of Aphelinus spiraecolae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of the spirea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

The biology of nonindigenous Aphelinus spiraecolae Evans & Schauff on spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, was investigated in Florida. Reproduction, fecundity, longevity, oviposition, and host feeding behavior were examined in the laboratory. A. spiraecolae showed a distinct preference for 1st- and 2nd-instar spirea aphids for both oviposition and host feeding, although all aphid life stages were acceptable. Longevity of A. spiraecolae was 17.8 ± 1.6 (mean ± SEM) d, fecundity was 138.2 ± 16.2 eggs, and the parasitoid consumed 27.1 ± 4.0 aphids per lifetime. Ovipositor insertion time of ≤30 s indicated nonacceptance for host feeding and oviposition, whereas insertion time of 31–120 s was correlated with oviposition, and >120 s indicated host acceptance for feeding but not for oviposition. A. spiraecolae was confirmed to be arrhenotokous. The intrinsic rate of increase was 0.33 female offspring per female per day, the net reproductive rate was 67.3 female progeny, and population doubling time was 1.8 d. These data indicated that A. spiraecolae has a high intrinsic rate of increase, good host discrimination and preference for young life stages of spirea aphid, and suggests that A. spiraecolae has potential as a natural enemy of spirea aphid.
Alternative Metrics for Noise Exposure Among Construction Workers

Although the exposure–response relationships for noise-induced hearing loss are relatively well established, there is not complete agreement on which metrics of noise exposure best represent risk of hearing damage. In particular, while Leq, based on a 3 dB exchange rate (ER) is used by most agencies, US OSHA’s standard is based on the Lavg, which uses a 5 dB ER. In addition, peak levels of exposure, which are commonly found in some industries, including construction, are believed to increase risk above that predicted by the Leq. This paper presents an analysis of a large database of noise exposures among construction workers, comparing several noise metrics, and their application to a cohort of construction workers. Metrics examined were the Lavg, Leq and Lmax, expressing average levels of exposure across an exposure interval. Two novel metrics were derived from these monitored metrics, Leq/Lavg and Lmax/Leq, as measures of exposure variability and ‘peakiness’, respectively. A total of 730 workshifts, including data on 361 492 min of exposure to workers in nine trades were examined. Correlations between average metrics (Leq, Lavg and Lmax) are generally very high, while the variability metrics are poorly correlated with either average levels, or with each other, indicating that they characterize different aspects of exposure. Alternative models for estimating exposure for the cohort were considered and the use of a task-within-trade specific mean level was adopted. The task-specific estimates of exposure using the various metrics will be applied to the cohort’s work history to explore the importance of these alternative metrics in estimating risk of noiseinduced damage.
The Clinical Outcomes Assessment Toolkit: A Framework to Support Automated Clinical Records–based Outcomes Assessment and Performance Measurement Research

The Clinical Outcomes Assessment Toolkit (COAT) was created through a collaboration between the University of California, Los Angeles and Brigham and Women's Hospital to address the challenge of gathering, formatting, and abstracting data for clinical outcomes and performance measurement research. COAT provides a framework for the development of information pipelines to transform clinical data from its original structured, semi-structured, and unstructured forms to a standardized format amenable to statistical analysis. This system includes a collection of clinical data structures, reusable utilities for information analysis and transformation, and a graphical user interface through which pipelines can be controlled and their results audited by nontechnical users. The COAT architecture is presented, as well as two case studies of current implementations in the domain of prostate cancer outcomes assessment.
A Look into the Relationship between Knowledge Management and the Knowledge Hierarchies

In 1988, Ackoff made the presidential address to the International Society of General Systems Research and put forth the idea that relationships exist between data, information, knowledge and wisdom and that these relationships are hierarchical in nature. This idea has continued, relatively unchallenged, to the present. This paper suggests that the relationships between data, information, knowledge and wisdom are not hierarchical, nor are they compositional. If the knowledge hierarchies that exist were abandoned, what would be the ramifications? With regard to information systems, such a revision would indicate a great reorganization effort. Yet, in order to maintain current quality of knowledge management systems and achieve future improvement, it would not be amiss to undertake an examination of the knowledge hierarchies. This paper examines what relationships between data, information and knowledge might emerge if the hierarchies were abandoned. It proposes that the nature of knowledge would be understood more clearly, that knowledge is an entity without direct or derived creation from data and especially not from information
Reliability and safety of medical equipment by use of calibration and certification instruments

The tutorial refers to the need for all equipment and facilities related to human health must be adequately verified in calibration and functionality, as any calibration error, indicating graphic display or measured performance parameters can become a source of serious problems for patients. Therefore there is a line of important work in Biomedical Engineering, dedicated to the creation of complementary technology to certify and eventually help calibrate Biomedical technology that has direct or indirect relationship with patients. The work show some important iatrogenic effects and our developments in this field
Architecture-level synthesis for automatic interconnect pipelining

For multi-gigahertz synchronous designs in nanometer technologies, multiple clock cycles are needed to cross the global interconnects, thus making it necessary to have pipelined global interconnects. In this paper we present an architecture-level synthesis solution to support automatic pipelining of on-chip interconnects. Specifically, we extend the recently proposed Regular Distributed Register (RDR) micro-architecture to support interconnect pipelining. We formulate a novel global interconnect sharing problem for global wiring minimization and show that it is polynomial time solvable by transformation to a special case of the real-time scheduling problem. Experimental results show that our approach matches or exceeds the RDR-based approach in performance, with a significant wiring reduction of 15% to 21%.
Efficient particle Simulation of a virtual cathode using a grid-free treecode Poisson solver

An efficient grid-free numerical method is developed for particle simulations in plasma dynamics. The method relies on a treecode algorithm to solve the Poisson equation for interacting charged particles. Such algorithms have been extensively used in astrophysics, fluid dynamics, and molecular dynamics, and our aim is to assess their capability in plasma dynamics in comparison with traditional mesh-based methods such as particle-in-cell (PIC). It is well-known that PIC simulations have difficulty resolving local particle interactions within a grid cell, and we expect the grid-free treecode algorithm to have an advantage for problems involving small-scale features and highly nonuniform particle distributions. To illustrate this point we apply direct summation, treecode, and PIC methods to simulate a virtual cathode in one dimension. The treecode and PIC methods are found to be much faster than direct summation, but the treecode yields the correct solution while spurious features are present in the PIC results. The present work treats a one-dimensional problem, but the treecode algorithm generalizes directly to higher dimensions.
Collaborative Signal Processing Cluster-Based in Wireless Sensor Network

Collaborative signal processing cluster-based for target tracking in wireless sensor network is proposed in this paper. Node clustering is a useful approach to reduce the communication overhead and develop data fuse in wireless sensor networks. Each sensor node, which has incomplete information about its dynamic and uncertain world, must respond to sensed events within time constraints. The aim of collaborative signal processing in wireless sensor network is to insure that all necessary parts of the tasks being dealt with are involved in the operations of at least one sensor node. When a target move to the sensing filed, a CH volunteers invite its neighboring sensors to form a cluster. All sensor nodes must act in a purposeful and consistent manner within the available computational and resource limitations Utilizing cluster technology can make good use of each sensor nodes' limited energy and perform tasks coordinately.
Developing the Theory of a Model-Based Dynamic Recurrent Neural Network

The theory lying behind a model-based dynamic recurrent neural network (MBDRNN) previously used to improve the linearized models of nonlinear systems is developed in this paper. The MBDRNN is initially based on the linearized system model, and then is trained to represent the system's nonlinearities by adapting the weights of its nodes' activation functions using back-propagation . The details of the various computations necessary for a successful operation of the MBDRNN are presented.
An examination of the run-time performance of GUI creation frameworks

The graphical user interface (GUI) is an important component of many software systems. Past surveys indicate that the development of a GUI is a significant undertaking and that the GUI's source code often comprises a substantial portion of the program's overall source base. Graphical user interface creation frameworks for popular object-oriented programming languages enable the rapid construction of simple and complex GUIs. In this paper, we examine the run-time performance of two GUI creation frameworks, Swing and Thinlet, that are tailored for the Java programming language. Using a simple model of a Java GUI, we formally define the difficulty of a GUI manipulation event. After implementing a case study application, we conducted experiments to measure the event handling latency for GUI manipulation events of varying difficulties. During our investigation of the run-time performance of the Swing and Thinlet GUI creation frameworks, we also measured the CPU and memory consumption of our candidate application during the selected GUI manipulation events. Our experimental results indicate that Thinlet often outperformed Swing in terms of both event handling latency and memory consumption. However, Swing appears to be better suited, in terms of event handling latency and CPU consumption, for the construction of GUIs that require manipulations of high difficulty levels.
NONSYMPTOMATIC CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX IN ELDERLY WOMEN.

I N 1927, Lane-Claypon analyzed the ages of 7,381 women with carcinoma of the cervix and found that the highest incidence occurred between the ages of 40 and 49 years. In his series, 8 per cent of cases were over the age of 60 years. Since then, Way in 1951, and Harnett in 1952, have produced series showing that the highest incidence of carcinoma of the cervix occurred between the ages of 50 and 59 years and that 26 and 29 per cent of cases were over the age of 60 years (Table I). These figures indicate that a shift has taken place in the age incidence of carcinoma of the cervix, and that over 25 per cent of cases are now in women over 60 years of age. The incidence of intraepithelial carcinoma in elderly women is difficult to estimate as the majority of surveys include women of all ages. It has been reported in women over 70 years of age,2 yet was not found in 600 women over the age of 60 years undergoing routine gynecological examinations.4 The following study was performed in order to determine the incidence of intraepithelial carcinoma and nonsymptomatic invasive carcinoma of the cervix in older women. Vaginal cytological smears were obtained from 3,168 postmenopausal women undergoing routine gynecological examinations between January, 1959, and January, 1964, at the J. J. Kane Hospital, Pittsburgh. This is a hospital for the treatment of chronically ill patients, the average age of whom is 75 years. The preparations were fixed and stained by the method of Papanicolaou and Traut and graded I through IV. Grade III was considered to be suspicious of malignancy while Grade IV was regarded as being definitely malignant. Patients with Grades III and IV vaginal smears were re-examined and fresh smears obtained. If the findings of the second preparation agreed with those of the first, the patient was transferred to the Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, for a cone biopsy of the cervix, dilatation of the cervix and fractional curettage of the uterus. Forty-one of the 3,168 patients had Grades III or IV smears on initial examination. At the time of examination, 24 of these women had clinical evidence of malignancies including carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the vulva, melanoma of the vulva, carcinoma of the rectum, and carcinoma of the bladder extending into the vagina. Eight patients with no clinical evidence of cancer, on re-examination had Grades I or II smears, and were considered to be free of malignancy. Two of the remaining 9 patients died of associated diseases before repeat vaginal smears could be obtained, and 2 who had Grade IV smears on re-examination died before cervical biopsies could be performed. The latter 2 were considered to have probable malignancies. Cervical biopsies on the remaining 5 women showed that 2 had intraepithelial carcinoma and 3 had invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The ages of the patients with intraepithelial carcinoma were 58 and 62 years. The women with invasive carcinoma were aged 63, 72, and 75, and the 2 women with cytologically diagnosed malignancies were 69 and 77 years of age.
Operational Experience with Snow Pillows in California

A pressure pillow system is described for use in measuring snow water equivalent in a snowpack. These pillows used in conjunction with coding devices and radio systems can transmit the water equivalent data on a real time basis to any desired location. Design emphasis has been placed on simplicity and reliability. Coding device and radio communications systems are designed for use with either dry batteries or solar cell charged wet batteries. Operation in California during the 1967 snow season is discussed.
Don't Mistake Business Plans for Planning (It May Be Dangerous to Your Financial Health)

Most academic research concerning business plans suggests that business plans improve the performance of new firms, and virtually all textbooks related to small business advise ent repreneurs to prepare plans before sta rting a business. A survey of the chief executive officers (CEO) in the INC. 500 (America's 500 fastest growing, privatel y held small firms ) suggests otherwise-fewer than twenty percent of the respondents indicated that they had prepared complete business plans before start-up. Furthermore, firms which prepared business plans were less profitable when entering the rapid growth phase than those which did not. This article explores benefits and limitations of business plan preparation.
Reference (Potential) Evapotranspiration. II: Frequency Distribution in Humid, Subhumid, Arid, Semiarid, and Mediterranean-Type Climates

AbstractWhile evapotranspiration (ET) has been a subject of research for decades, there is insufficient data, analyses and information on frequency (probability) values and distribution of this important variable for various climatic regions. Frequency distributions of grass-reference and alfalfa-reference (potential) evapotranspiration (ETo and ETr) were quantified and analyzed using long-term measured climate datasets for five locations in the United States that have significantly different climatic characteristics [Mediterranean-type climate, Davis, CA (ETo); arid, Phoenix, AZ (ETo); humid/subtropical, Gainesville, FL (ETo); a transition zone between subhumid and semiarid climate, Clay Center, NE (ETr); and a semiarid climate, Scottsbluff, NE (ETr)]. Two Nebraska locations presented higher variability of ETref among all locations because of their highly turbulent climatic characteristics with abrupt changes in wind speed, humidity and air temperature. At Davis, the peak ETo month is July with an averag...
Neuroscience: Fluorescent boost for voltage sensors.

The development of a voltage sensor in which a microbial rhodopsin protein is fused with a fluorescent protein enables the neuronal activity of single cells in live animals to be measured with unprecedented speed and accuracy.
Innovative Education in Russia: The Basic Tendencies Analysis

Abstract The article deals with the basic tendencies in higher education in Russia. It is emphasized that the notion innovativeness in education should not be interpreted only in connection with new teaching modes, as it includes innovative objectives and educational syllabus, except using innovations. It is shown that a complex and integrated understanding of innovativeness helps to reform Russian education in line with the demands of the information-oriented society. Three basic ways for the innovative development of the higher education in Russia are given: 1. the realization of the competence-based model in vocational training; 2. the use of information technologies in education; 3. the creation of innovative educational institutions aiming innovative development. Active and interactive teaching methods used in higher education are characterized. The peculiarities of cross-disciplinary integration are identified. The article gives an analysis of the reasons of underdevelopment of information technologies of innovational educational institutions organization.
The Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina Celebrates Over 20 Years of Professional Diabetes Education.

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health problem in South Carolina; however, the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC) provides a realistic mechanism to address issues on a statewide basis. Methods The Diabetes Center of Excellence in the DSC provides oversight for developing and supervising professional education programs for health care workers of all types in South Carolina to increase their knowledge and ability to care for people with diabetes. The DSC has developed many programs for the education of a variety of health professionals about diabetes and its complications. Results The DSC has sponsored 21 Annual Diabetes Fall Symposia for primary health care professionals featuring education regarding many aspects of diabetes mellitus. The intent of the program is to enhance the lifelong learning process of physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, pharmacists, dietitians, laboratorians and other health care professionals, by providing educational opportunities and to advance the quality and safety of patient care. The symposium is an annual 2-day statewide program that supplies both a comprehensive diabetes management update to all primary care professionals and an opportunity for attendees to obtain continuing education credits at a low cost. Conclusion The overarching goal of the DSC is that the programs it sponsors and the development of new targeted initiatives will lead to continuous improvements in the care of people at risk and with diabetes along with a decrease in morbidity, mortality and costs of diabetes and its complications in South Carolina and elsewhere.
IS ANONYMITY IMPORTANT IN AIDS SURVEY RESEARCH

In two experiments, findings with college undergraduates (Ns = 154 and 137) suggest social desirability may not affect responses to survey items on HIV-related behaviors and results may not be constrained by anonymity.
Isolation and Properties of Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase-Defective Threonine-Producing Mutants from a Brevibacterium flavum Strain with Feedback-sensitive Aspartokinase

An efficient method for the isolation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DPS)-defective threonine producers from a Br evibacterium strain with feedback-sensitive aspartokinase (AK, Aks) was established. After mutagenesis of a strain with AK, No. 70, mutants resistant to α-amino-β- hydroxyvaleric acid were isolated and then selected as to threonine productivity in the presence of diaminopimelic acid. DPS activity in the strains in which the threonine production was inhibited by lysine was found to be absent or reduced to less than 10 % of the level in the parent. On the other hand, the strains in which the production was not inhibited by lysine were conventional threonine producers with feedback-resistant homoserine dehydrogenases (HDs and HDRs) and wild type DPS. The HD activities of most of the threonine mutants were also markedly reduced. However, only one mutant lacking DPS, DK330, exhibited an HD level comparable to that in the parent and produced the largest amount of threonine among the threonine prod...
SELECTED CUTANEOUS VASCULAR NEOPLASMS: A Review

Although cutaneous vascular tumors are relatively uncommon, they have received much attention after the advent of the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic. Because one of the early signs of AIDS is the appearance of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), it became necessary to distinguish KS from other vascular lesions occurring in young individuals. Several new entities have been described since then, some of them sharing features with KS. Part of this article is devoted to these newly described lesions; because of obvious space limitations, we are not able to discuss all the different types of vascular lesions. Instead, we have attempted to review most of the current literature on selected vascular lesions, with special emphasis on the pathogenesis, and from a diagnostic point of view, salient clinical and histologic features.