cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction to Radiocontrast Media Despite Premedication Found to Be IgE-mediated

Introduction The majority of radiocontrast media (RCM) reactions are from direct mast cell degeneration,[1] but there are some patients with recurrent reactions despite standard premedication who may have immediate hypersensitivity reactions[1] (IHR). Although some have found skin testing a helpful tool,[2] consensus on the best method of diagnosis and treatment is lacking. Case Description The patient is a 73-year-old Caucasian female with history of angioedema and urticaria after RCM administration on three separate occasions, despite premedication[3] with the last two exposures, history of asthma, and bicuspid aortic valve status post replacement in 2016. She presented with dyspnea and chest discomfort, diagnosed with severe prosthetic stenosis, and TAVR was recommended. Due to need for cardiac intervention with RCM, the patient underwent skin prick testing followed by intradermal testing with Iodixanol, resulting positive. Therefore, an IgE-mediated IHR to contrast dye was deduced and the patient received a desensitization protocol[4] in addition to a stronger premedication regimen[4] prior to her cardiac intervention. This was successful in preventing angioedema or urticaria, with only mild pruritus and erythema on her extremities, which resolved within 24 hours. Discussion With at least seventy million patients exposed to RCM yearly,[5] Allergist face a growing need for an efficient IHR evaluation protocol. Risk factors for recurrent reaction currently include prior severe allergic reaction to any substance, drug allergies, chronic oral glucocorticoid use, and allergy to four or more allergens.[6] Without all variables for IHR in RCM known, there remains much ambiguity in evaluation strategy, with further research required.
Surgical margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Current practices and future directions

OBJECTIVE To discuss the current available techniques for intraoperative margin assessment in the surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through a review of the available literature. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken of the available English literature between 2008 through 2018 regarding surgical margins in OCSS. A total of 893 relevant articles were returned; 144 met criteria for review; and 64 articles were included. RESULTS In this review, we discuss the data surrounding the use of frozen section in OCSS. Additionally, alternative techniques for margin assessment are discussed, including Mohs, molecular analysis, nonfluorescent dyes, fluorescent dyes, autofluorescent imaging, narrow-band imaging, optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, high-resolution microendoscopy, and spectroscopy. For each technique, particular emphasis is placed on the local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates when available. CONCLUSION This review provides support for the practice of specimen-driven margin assessment when using frozen section analysis to improve the utility of the results. Finally, several alternatives for intraoperative margin assessment currently under investigation, including pathologic, wide-field imaging and narrow-field imaging techniques, are presented. We aim to fuel further investigation into methods for margin assessment that will improve survival for patients with OSCC through a critical analysis of the available techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:128-138, 2020.
Conceptualization of the management of the processes of development of territorial communities

Considered the first principle of the formation of the phenomenon of development of society at the level of territorial communities. The results of the study of the expansion of the possibilities of development of territorial communities as the initial level of society existence in the conditions of modernization of local self-government through the introduction of a process approach are given. The proofs of the priority role of the processes of development of territories and the necessity of creating control systems for the development process as a fractal system of local self-government are given. It is noted that the management of development processes at the local level has not yet been brought to theoretical and methodological clarity; not provided theoretical characteristics, parameters and indicators of development processes; the technology of construction and flow is not simulated; There are no defined approaches to the evaluation of the results of processes in accordance with the vectors of community development, which testifies to the lack of effective management of the phenomenon of development, starting with the initial level of its occurrence. To solve the problem of intensification and increase of the development of territorial communities, a conceptual vision of process management, creation of a system of process management, which is considered as a fractal component of the system of local self-government is developed. It is represented by a conceptual apparatus for controlling processes proposed by the definition of the concepts of «process», «development process», the path of process management, the structure of the mechanism for managing the development process in the control circuit. Criteria and indicators of controllability of development of processes are determined by adhering to the allowable limits of their fluctuations. The given proposals deepen the theoretical and methodological basis of process management. The proposed algorithm for designing development processes at the first stage of their life cycle allows you to streamline the management of development processes, reduce the path and time for their implementation. Using the results of the research carried out will allow to focus efforts and formulate tasks for local self-government bodies for the implementation of development functions; establish the level of economic, social and resource efficiency of processes; deepen the social consolidation of power, residents and business entities; to carry out comprehensive support of the components in the chain of their interaction and implementation of results; to expand the space of intuitive, creative innovative thinking when making managerial decisions.
Compensatory Control Theory and Public Opinion on Nuclear Policy: Developing an Experimental Measure in an Applied Environmental Context

In this study, we develop a novel measure of compensatory control to better understand how Compensatory Control Theory (CCT) impacts perceptions of government involvement in an environmental issue: the storage of spent nuclear fuel. Using a national survey, this study examines public opinion on nuclear waste storage, its risks, and potential forms of oversight, by creating four proxy measures of compensatory control. Those measures are used in a regression analysis to understand levels of participation and intervention in the siting of nuclear waste storage facilities. Results indicate mixed support for the measures and a clear connection to policy choices.
Rethinking Regex engines to address ReDoS

Regular expressions (regexes) are a powerful string manipulation tool. Unfortunately, in programming languages like Python, Java, and JavaScript, they are unnecessarily dangerous, implemented with worst-case exponential matching behavior. This high time complexity exposes software services to regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) attacks. We propose a data-driven redesign of regex engines, to reflect how regexes are used and what they typically look like. We report that about 95% of regexes in popular programming languages can be evaluated in linear time. The regex engine is a fundamental component of a programming language, and any changes risk introducing compatibility problems. We believe a full redesign is therefore impractical, and so we describe how the vast majority of regex matches can be made linear-time with minor, not major, changes to existing algorithms. Our prototype shows that on a kernel of the regex language, we can trade space for time to make regex matches safe
A phase Ib study of the safety and pharmacology of nilotinib to prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with breast cancer.

TPS12128Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating adverse effect of paclitaxel, but convincing evidence for a preventative technique founded on mechanistic rat...
Pain Management in Home Health Care: Relationship With Dementia and Facility Admissions.

Abstract Background Pain is common yet under-studied among older Medicare home health (HH) patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Aims Examine (1) the association between ADRD and severe pain in Medicare HH patients; and (2) the impact of severe pain and ADRD on unplanned facility admissions in this population. Design Analysis of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) and Medicare claims data. Settings/Participants 6,153 patients ≥65 years receiving care from a nonprofit HH agency in 2017. Methods Study outcomes included presence of severe pain and time-to-event measures of unplanned facility admissions (hospital, nursing home, or rehabilitation facilities). ADRD was identified using ICD-10 diagnosis codes and cognitive impairment symptoms. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine, respectively, the association between ADRD and severe pain, and the independent and interaction effects of severe pain and ADRD on unplanned facility admission. Results Patients with ADRD (n = 1,525, 24.8%) were less likely to have recorded severe pain than others (16.4% vs. 23.6%, p Conclusions HH patients with ADRD may have under-recognized pain. Severe pain is a significant independent predictor of unplanned facility admissions among HH patients.
Assessing the Performance of Various Stochastic Optimization Methods on Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Combustion

The solution to chemical kinetic models for a particular reactor configuration is usually composed of a set of stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs), where a number of rate parameters have t...
A Routines-Based Approach to Early Intervention

Routines serve as the backdrop for children’s interactions with the world and ongoing development. Routines provide a pattern to the day that helps young children learn to self-regulate and reduce chaos that can disrupt family life. This chapter will first summarize the importance of routines for healthy development. Early interventionists should consider the evaluation of routines as a critical step prior to implementing specific behavioral interventions. Methods for assessing and evaluating a family’s routine will be reviewed. This chapter will also outline ways to help families establish healthy routines, as this concept can be overwhelming for many caregivers. Young children should be explicitly taught, not just expected, to follow a routine and transition between activities. Tips for helping caregivers teach daily schedules and ease transitions will be provided. This chapter will conclude with a framework for how early interventionists can embed natural learning opportunities within routines.
A mesoscale mechanical model of cellular interactions.

Abstract Computational models of cell mechanics allow the precise interrogation of cell shape change. These morphological changes are required for cells to survive in diverse tissue environments. Here, we present a mesoscale mechanical model of cell-substrate interactions using the level set method based on experimentally measured parameters. By implementing a viscoelastic mechanical equivalent circuit, we accurately model whole-cell deformations that are important for a variety of cellular processes. To effectively model shape changes as a cell interacts with a substrate, we have included receptor-mediated adhesion, which is governed by catch-slip bond behavior. The effect of adhesion was explored by subjecting cells to a variety of different substrates including flat, curved, and deformable surfaces. Finally, we increased the accuracy of our simulations by including a deformable nucleus in our cells. This model sets the foundation for further exploration into computational analyses of multicellular interactions.
The optimization game: Mobility and Edge computing in dense networks

The rise of mobile computing in the recent decades has given rise to a plethora of applications that are used everyday by millions of users. As these mobile applications have become more sophisticated, they have also become more resource intensive often requiring a fair share of computing resources and energy. Over the years, this requirement has been met with intelligent computation offloading to the edge and cloud with the devices themselves acting as portals to the data. However, as users move around while consuming services on their devices, the edge computing framework needs to move around based on the user’s present location in order to maintain the quality of service (QoS). While frequent migrations are required to maintain the QoS, the cost of such migrations add to the overall cost for the provider. As the movement of users across a service provider’s coverage area is unpredictable, we propose a computation offloading game to determine offloading decision process that is independent of any particular node and requires no a priori knowledge of the user’s future location. Our extensive analysis shows that our mechanism achieves efficient offloading performance and scales well with the system.
Perceived Stress as a Pathway for the Relationship Between Neighborhood Factors and Glycemic Control in Adults With Diabetes.

PURPOSE Neighborhood factors such as crime, discrimination, and violence are increasingly recognized as correlates of poor glycemic control. However, pathways for these relationships are unclear. This study examined stress and self-efficacy as potential pathways for the relationship between neighborhood factors and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Two primary care clinics in southeastern US. PARTICIPANTS 615 adults aged 18 years and older. MEASURES Validated measures were used to capture neighborhood factors, stress, and self-efficacy, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was abstracted from the electronic health record. ANALYSIS Path analysis was used to investigate direct and indirect relationships between neighborhood factors, stress, self-efficacy, and glycemic control. RESULTS In the final model, violence (r = .17, P = .024), discrimination (r = .46, P < .001), and crime (r = .36, P = .046) were directly associated with higher perceived stress. Stress (r = -.5, P < .001) was directly associated with lower self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was directly associated with better general diet (r = .12, P < .001), better specific diet (r = .04, P < .001), more exercise (r = .08, P < .001), and lower HbA1c (r = -.11, P < .001). Stress (r = .05, P < .001), crime (r = .20, P < .001), and discrimination (r = .08, P < .001) were indirectly associated with higher HbA1c. CONCLUSION Stress and self-efficacy are potential pathways for the relationship between neighborhood factors like violence, discrimination, and crime and glycemic control. Interventions aimed at mitigating stress and improving self-efficacy may improve self-care behaviors and glycemic control.
Improving the delivery of home modifications

The growing number of older adults and younger persons with disabilities who would benefit from home modifications have not yet been matched by a delivery system capable of responding to their needs. The delivery system for home modifications is a patchwork of fragmented and uncoordinated services with significant gaps in types of services available and geographic coverage. These problems are compounded by factors that limit both the demand for and supply of home modification services. This article discusses the incidence and need for home modifications; what is known about service delivery; barriers to developing an effective system; promising recent developments; and recommendations for next steps. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd
Influences of Sources of Communication on Adoption of a Communication Technology

This study examined the influence of sources of information on end users’ decision to adopt an innovation. The study used an on-line survey to collect data regarding respondents’ perceptions of structured implementation activities and other sources of influence on their reported adoption of Microsoft Outlook at a large, Midwestern university. The research questions were based on Rogers’ model of the diffusion of innovations, and the work of Fulk, Lewis and Seibold, and Weenig on the influences of information sources on adoption of innovations. Results showed that respondents who were exposed to information from informal channels and structured implementation activities (e.g., informational meetings conducted at the unit level) were significantly different from those who received no information through these channels. Perceptions of quantity or quality of information received through informal and official channels were not significantly correlated with adoption. The results indicate that the implementation of Outlook was not viewed as a major event in the life of the organization, and suggest that diffusion of technological innovations may be different from diffusion on non-technological innovations.
Re‐Forging the ‘Age of Iron’ Part I: The Tenth Century as the End of the Ancient World?

The tenth century, once dimissed as an unpleasant ‘Age of Iron’, now receives increased attention as an important age of transition. Historians are attempting to understand how it fits into the broader narrative of Western Civilization. Some have identified it as the last act of the post-Roman world. They identify its economy and social structures as Late Antique – at least until a ‘feudal revolution’ around the year 1000 suddenly swept them away. More professional soldiers based in new forts are said to mark the sudden advent of a new, more chaotic order. Church and state, rebuilding together after the invasions and civil wars of the late ninth century, self-consciously attempted, with varying degrees of success, to model themselves on Roman precedents. This movement culminated in the reign of Emperor Otto III (983–1002), who relocated the capital to Rome and dedicated himself ‘to renew the ancient customs of the Romans’. The points of tangency cited between the Later Roman world and the tenth century are impressive, but a definitive judgement also requires that the century’s novel aspects be considered.
Involvement of the vacuolar H+-ATPases in the secretory pathway of HepG2 cells

The macrolide antibiotic concanamycin B is a highly selective inhibitor (IC50 = 5 nM) of the H(+)-ATPases of the vacuolar system. We have examined the effects of concanamycin B on the constitutive secretory pathway of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. In cells exposed to 10 nM concanamycin B, transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi occurs at normal rates, as determined by pulse-chase analysis of endoglycosidase H-sensitive product in conjunction with subcellular fractionation experiments. However, intra-Golgi trafficking or Golgi to plasma membrane delivery is significantly impaired. A delay in the onset of secretion of the major secretory proteins, albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and transferrin is observed. Processing of N-linked glycans by sialyltransferases is inhibited, resulting in secreted glycoproteins which are modified less extensively. In view of the acidic pH of the trans-Golgi and the trans-Golgi network, these studies suggest that acidification by vacuolar ATPases is critical to achieving timely secretion and correct N-linked glycan modifications of proteins which follow the constitutive secretory pathway.
Joint source-channel coding of binary sources with side information at the decoder using IRA codes

We use systematic irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes as source-channel codes for the transmission of an equiprobable memoryless binary source with side information at the decoder. A special case of this problem is joint source-channel coding for a nonequiprobable memoryless binary source. The theoretical limits of this problem are given by combining the Slepian-Wolf theorem, the source entropy in the special case, with the channel capacity. The approach is based on viewing the correlation between the binary source output and the side information as a separate channel or an enhancement of the original channel. The joint source-channel encoding, decoding and code design procedures are explained in detail. The simulated performance results are better than the recently published solutions using turbo codes and very close to the theoretical limit.
DRUG ADDICTION: A COMPUTATIONAL MULTISCALE MODEL COMBINING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR

According to the United Nations, approximately 24.7 million people used amphetamines, 16 million used cocaine, and 12 million used heroin in 2006/07 [Costa, 2008]. Full recovery from drug addiction by chemical treatment and/or social and psychological support is uncertain. The present investigation was undertaken to expand our understanding of the factors that drive the dynamics of addiction. A new multiscale computational model is presented which integrates current theories of addiction, unlike previous models, considers addiction as a reversible process [Siegelmann, 2008]. Explicit time dependency is added to the inhibition and the compulsion processes. Preliminary computational predictions of drug-seeking behavior are presented and potential correlation with experimental data is discussed. Validation of the model appears promising, however additional investigation is required.
Ethical Design of New Religion Field Projects

Scholars studying living religious communities confront myriad questions about all levels of appropriate social interaction, and fortunately some lessons from the disciplines of sociology and anthropology help us navigate the work. However, those engaging in research on New Religions may have added burdens, as the marginalized communities we study may be further complicated by factors such as exclusivity or defensiveness, among others. As we work to balance critical academic study with engagement that is sensitive to practitioners, we may find ourselves in murky ethical situations. This essay, the first in a two-part series, discusses a range of ethically charged problems that should be considered in the course of designing a sound research fieldwork project involving a New Religion. For guidance it refers to specific examples faced by scholars in the past.
The Determinants Of Personal Saving In The U.S.

In this study, a number of internal and external variables that could affect personal saving are examined using regression to show how they are related to personal saving. The empirical study is performed using the time series data of the U.S. between the years 1950 and 2007. The findings reveal that personal saving is highly dependent on personal income, tax, credit outstanding and status of employment, while dependency ratio, current real estate loan, real interest rate and status of economic performance are indeterminate.
Thermal inactivation of mouse brain monoamine oxidase type A and type B.

Abstract 1. 1. Mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A and type B were incubated at 54°C and samples removed for up to 60 min, and remaining MAO activity was determined. 2. 2. Total MAO activity, type A activity and type B activity all disappeared, presumably due to thermal denaturation, in a time-dependent fashion. 3. 3. The rate of disappearance of MAO type B was faster than that of type A both at pH 7.4 and at pH 9.2, though both types denatured faster at the higher pH compared to the lower pH.
Digoxin is effective, but is it safe ?

In the last 15 years several double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have unequivocally shown that digitalis decreases symptoms of cardiac failure, results in a reduction in the need for hospitalization for treatment of congestive heart failure, and improves cardiac function. The major unresolved question concerning digitalis use is its safety. There are experimental data and clinical evidence that digitalis use may be associated with an increased mortality, particularly in the first year or two after an acute myocardial infarction. This increased mortality appears to be present even after adjustment for predictor covariants. This conclusion depends on the ability of statistical methods to account for differences in comorbidity. Since the question of digitalis safety remains after myocardial infarction, the physician should carefully examine the indications for administration of digitalis. More than the usual surveillance is required during chronic digitalis administration.
Columnar organization of callosal and associational projections from rat frontal cortex

Autoradiography and HRP histochemistry were used to study the laminar and columnar distribution of callosal and associational connections of areas 6 and 10 of Krieg in the rat frontal cortex. In coronal sections through homotopic contralateral areas and ipsilateral somatosensory cortex, terminations of projections arising in frontal cortex formed discrete vertical columns; these were 250-750 micron wide and alternated with unlabeled or poorly labeled areas of approximately equal width. In reconstructions from serial coronal sections through these areas, the terminal fields formed a series of bands. The location of retrogradely labeled neurons tended to reciprocate the distribution of terminal label, although the boundaries of terminal and cell label were not always in precise register. These findings indicate that in the rat, both association and callosal projections exhibit a terminal organization remarkably similar in width and spacing to that observed in primates. Thus, a columnar mode of termination of cortico-cortical fibers may be an organizational feature common to mammalian neocortex.
Social Support, Money, and Pain Management Mechanisms: An Attachment Perspective

Zhou and Gao (this issue) offer a compelling case for the premise that an expectancy of pain increases a need for social support and monetary gain, as well as the idea that social exclusion and fin...
Nonuniqueness of magnetic field line motion

It is shown that there is no unique definition of magnetic field line motion with or without perfectly conducting surfaces. Rather, an infinite set of velocity fields exists, each of which can properly be said to describe the motion of magnetic field lines. This set includes, but is not limited to, all possible bounce-averaged motions of charged particles. The supposed discrepancy between the observations of Lezniak and Winckler (1970) and those of Vasyliunas (1968) on plasma sheet motion during substorms is only apparent and illustrates the use of different definitions of field line motion in the same physical situation.
Questions and Reflections: The Use of Motivational Interviewing Microskills in a Peer-Led Brief Alcohol Intervention for College Students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between peer facilitator adherence to motivational interviewing (MI) microskills and college student drinking behavior. First year students (N=67) took part in a Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) led by peer facilitators trained in MI and BASICS. Participants were assessed pre- and 2 weeks post-intervention on contemplation to change, as well as, pre- and 3 months post- intervention on drinking quantity. Independent coders used the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity scale (MITI, Moyers, Martin, Manuel, & Miller, 2003) to evaluate therapist MI adherence. Peer facilitators met beginning proficiency in MI on scores of empathy, the ratio of MI adherent behaviors to non-adherent behaviors and the ratio of open questions to total questions as defined by the MITI. Results indicated that a higher number of closed questions was related to less contemplation and a higher number of open questions was related to more contemplation post intervention. A higher number of simple reflections was associated with increased drinking at the 3 month assessment, however, complex reflections were found to attenuate the effect of simple reflections on changes in drinking. These findings highlight the importance of competent reflective listening skills and the need for continual training and supervision for peer facilitators.
Computational algorithm for controlling a Timoshenko beam

Abstract This paper is concerned with computational algorithms for LQR control of a Timoshenko slewing beam problem. The algorithm make use of a conforming finite element scheme that is shown to produce convergent control laws. It is shown that the closed loop feedback can effectively control the vibrations due to an initial displacement. It is also shown that when the system parameters are such that an Euler-Bernoulli model is adequate to describe the dynamics of the beam, the functional gains using the full Timoshenko model are qualitatively similar to the ones using an Euler-Bernoulli model.
Triplet organometallic reactivity under ambient conditions: an ultrafast UV pump/IR probe study.

The reactivity of triplet 16-electron organometallic species has been studied in room-temperature solution using femtosecond UV pump IR probe spectroscopy. Specifically, the Si−H bond-activation reaction of photogenerated triplet Fe(CO)4 and triplet CpCo(CO) with triethylsilane has been characterized and compared to the known singlet species CpRh(CO). The intermediates observed were studied using density functional theory (DFT) as well as ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The triplet organometallics have a greater overall reactivity than singlet species due to a change in the Si−H activation mechanism, which is due to the fact that triplet intermediates coordinate weakly at best with the ethyl groups of triethylsilane. Consequently, the triplet species do not become trapped in alkyl-solvated intermediate states. The experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations, which qualitatively reproduce the trends in the data.
Legitimacy Deficit: Chinese Leadership at the United Nations

This paper examines the likelihood of China’s legitimation as the global hegemon during an era of relative U.S. decline. Using Rapkin’s (1990) legitimacy deficit framework, the author tests China’s prospects for international legitimacy through the analysis of Chinese leadership at the United Nations (UN). While China’s recent exponential increase in contributions to UN peacekeeping and the UN regular budget signal growing Chinese global leadership, their consistent focus on regional interests, as displayed in UN Security Council and UN General Assembly debate and discussion, indicates the absence of an internationally supported agenda. In concluding, this paper asserts that recent Chinese legitimation efforts through UN leadership have been stonewalled by an inability to provide an international agenda with globally held values and beliefs.
The physiology and pharmacology of pain: a review of opioids

Patients in the postoperative period are often inadequately medicated forpain. Appropriate nursing assessment and intervention is critical for controlling a patient's pain and preventing associated complications. Nurses must understand the physiology of pain and the pharmacology of the drugs used. This article reviews the physiology of pain and the pharmacology of opioids. The three classes of opioids—opioid agonists, opioid agonist-antagonists, and opioid antagonists—are examined in detail. Included in the discussion are opioid receptor interaction with the various agents, dosages administration, and side effects.
Suppression of a sec63 mutation identifies a novel component of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum translocation apparatus.

Abstract Mutations in the SEC63 gene are associated with defects in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as in nuclear protein localization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To identify proteins that might interact and/or function with SEC63p, we cloned a high copy suppressor (HSS1) of the temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype of the sec63-101 mutant. HSS1 is an allele-specific sec63 suppressor that encodes an integral ER membrane glycoprotein of 206 amino acids with the N-terminus in the ER lumen and C-terminal region in the cytoplasm. Haploid strains disrupted for HSS1 are temperature-sensitive for growth and accumulate precursor forms of Kar2p and invertase. The HSS1 null allele is synthetically lethal in combination with mutations affecting ER translocation. We propose that HSS1p is important for ER translocation and interacts with previously identified components of the yeast translocation apparatus. HSS1 is identical to SEC66, which encodes a glycoprotein complexed with SEC62p and SEC63p.
TU‐C‐141‐12: A Novel Edge Gradient Distance Metric for Automated Evaluation of Deformable Image Registration Quality

Purpose: To develop and test a new registration quality metric, based on the distance between image edges, for evaluation of deformable image registration algorithms without the need for manually placed landmarks. Methods: A 2D Canny filter is used to create binary gradient images from registered grayscale input images that are to be compared. In each slice, a small subregion (10×10 pixels) of one image is translated relative to the other. The translational distance that maximizes overlap of edges in the subregion is the local edge gradient distance to agreement (EGDTA); repeating over all subregions on every slice provides an EGDTA map. The method was applied to pelvic CT images in 3 patients. For each patient, one CT (the planning CT) was registered to each of three daily CTs using three deformable image registration algorithms: Grayscale‐driven (G), Contour‐driven (C), and Grayscale+Contour‐driven (G+C). C and G+C use manually drawn bladder, prostate and rectum contours on both planning and treatment images to drive the registration. EGDTA maps were created for each of the 27 registrations. Mean EGDTA values in concentric ring ROIs close to and far away from the pelvic organs were compared. Results: Both C and G+C had lower EGDTA values (better registration quality) close to the pelvic organs. Both G and G+C showed much better performance in the regions distant from the pelvic organs compared to contour‐only driven (C). G+C registration exhibited lowest EGDTA values (highest registration quality) throughout the image. Conclusion: The edge distance registration quality metric provides the expected dependence on registration type and ROI location, and shows potential as an automated means of comparing deformable image registration algorithms. Supported by NCI Grant P01 CA 116602
DEFINING COMPETENCE IN LEGAL PRACTICE: THE EVALUATION OF LAWYERS IN LARGE FIRMS AND ORGANIZATIONS

This study was designed to answer three questions: (1) What are the aspects of lawyers' performance that are assessed in firms and organizations? (2) How are they assessed? (3) What do the answers to the first two questions tell us about the legal profession? To answer these questions, senior attorneys in organizations employing substantial numbers of lawyers were surveyed. These lawyers were thought to be the most likely to have carefully considered and defined critical components of competence in designing and using systems for evaluating the performance of lawyers in their organizations. Data on factors considered in evaluation and evaluation procedures were gathered from questionnaires and requests for documents addressed to a sample of the nation's largest law firms, corporations, and government agencies at federal, state, and local levels. Interviews were held with a number of them to explore the subject in more depth. An important initial finding was that a great deal more formal and systematic evaluation of lawyer performance was taking place in these organizations than was expected from reviews of the legal and social science literature-a large majority of the respondents had a formal method for assessment of attorney performance. The most surprising result was the extent of agreement among lawyers in very diverse settings on the relative importance of various evaluation factors. The factors were also emphasized in the literature about evaluation of lawyers' performance. Overall, the results suggest that there are skills and characteristics that are generally considered important to competent practice, with relatively few variations related to practice setting, region, type of practice, and firm size. These skills and characteristics were assessed by a variety of methods, but almost always with care and sophistication. One implication of this finding is that if practical and valid measures of the factors can be developed, they may be relevant to a wide range of practice situations. Irrespective of the development of new measures, the existence of fairly sophisticated appraisals of lawyer performance in many large organizations makes it possible to begin research on the profession that necessitates such measures that was not previously thought to be feasible.
A Carbene-Stabilized Gold(I) Fluoride: Synthesis and Theory

The first isolable gold(I) fluoride complex, stabilized by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, has been isolated in two-coordinate monomeric form. DFT calculations show significant pπ/dπ interactions between fluoride and gold(I) and indicate a substantial negative charge on fluorine.
Polynomial invariants for operators

§i. This article gives a purely algebraic result, with consequences for integral operators. The proof of the theorem appears in §2, while its operator theoretic application is described in this section.
Thermal Cycling Degradation of YBa2Cu3O9−x Superconductors

Thermal cycling for four cycles between 294 and 78°K has been observed to shift the superconducting transition temperature from 85 to 28°K. Samples cycled for 12 cycles between 373 and 78°K do not display superconductivity at temperatures down to 37°K. Guinier de Wolff X-ray diffraction observations of these samples reveal no crystallography changes during thermal cycling up to 12 cycles. Scanning electron microscopy studies of polished samples of the thermally cycled material revealed the presence of cracks in individual grains within each sample. The percentage of grains displaying cracks climbs rapidly with thermal cycling. We conclude that the loss of superconducting behavior is a consequence of removal of continuous paths but we are not, at this time, able to rationalize the shift of Tc with thermal cycling. We conclude that the thermal expansion anisotropy produces strains which lead to destructive fractures within the material.
Early positive emotionality as a heterogeneous trait: implications for children's self-regulation.

Young childrens positive affect in scripted laboratory procedures and in free-flowing social interactionsmay reflect the activation of related but distinct aspects of positive emotionality (PE), with differentimplicationsforself-regulation.TheauthorsobservedchildrensPEinscriptedlaboratoryproceduresandin naturalistic interactions with mothers in 2 studies: at 9, 14, 22, 33, and 45 months (the ParentChildStudy, N 112) and at 7, 15, 25, 38, and 52 months (the Family Study, N 102). Measures ofself-regulation included effortful control (observed in the ParentChild Study at 22, 33, and 45 monthsand in the Family Study at 25, 38, and 52 months) and rule-compatible conduct (observed in theParentChild Study at 56 and 73 months and in the Family Study at 38 and 52 months). In both studies,2 PE measures had distinct implications: PE in scripted procedures related negatively, whereas PE inmotherchild interactions related positively to self-regulation. In both studies, those differential effectswere particularly clear for childrens effortful control. A view of early PE as having a heterogeneousnature may inform researchers understanding of its role in the developing personality.Keywords: positive emotionality, self-regulation, children
Relations between early family risk, children's behavioral regulation, and academic achievement

This study examined relations among early family risk, children's behavioral regulation at 54 months and kindergarten, and academic achievement in first grade using data on 1298 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Family risk was indexed by ethnic minority status, low maternal education, low average family income from 1 to 54 months, and high maternal depressive symptoms from 1 to 54 months. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that minority status, low maternal education, and low family income had significant negative effects on reading, math, and vocabulary achievement in first grade. Modest indirect effects were also found from ethnicity, maternal education, and maternal depressive symptoms, through 54-month and kindergarten behavioral regulation to first-grade achievement. Discussion focuses on the importance of behavioral regulation for school success especially for children facing early risk.
GEO-OUEL: a system for the manipulation and display of geographic data

This paper briefly summarizes the implementation of GEO-OUEL, a special purpose geographic information retrieval and display system. Basically, it is a rather small "front end" to a powerful general purpose relational data base system, INGRES, implemented at Berkeley. Also discussed are the problems that were discovered during the implementation of the original proposal (presented at the 1975 ACM SIGMOD/SIGGRAPH Workshop in Waterloo, Ontario) and the corrective steps taken. Lastly, experiments are described which indicate the performance penalty paid for this "front end" approach and the savings in development time realized.
Michael Polanyi's Republic of Science: The Tacit Dimension

Michael Polanyi spent his long career thinking and writing about the workings of science and the scientific community. Moreover, he saw in the workings of that community the core principles and practices of the good political republic, as spelled out in his famous essay, ‘The Republic of Science’. There is, however, a tension between his political theory and his epistemological contribution, in particular his path-breaking writings about the tacit dimension in knowledge formation—or what he described as ‘personal knowledge’. On the one hand, his political essay supports a classical conservative position, while on the other, his theory of tacit knowledge anticipates much of the post-modern radical critique of long-standing Enlightenment assumptions about scientific objectivity and the disinterested pursuit of knowledge. This otherwise contradictory position can be understood by following Polanyi's own epistemological prescription, namely by examining the underlying assumptions that constitute his own tacit...
Packet Satellite Networks

Packet satellite networks combine the advantages of packet switching for channel sharing with those of satellites for long-haul broadcast capability. This paper describes the packet satellite technology as developed by DARPA and demonstrated in two systems based on channels provided by INTELSAT and WESTAR satellites, respectively.
Goal‐directed behaviors in marketing: The role of emotion, volition, and motivation

Much of marketing behavior is purposive. Yet little theory and even less research can be found in the literature concerning purposive marketing activities. This special issue focuses upon the role of emotions in goal-directed consumption. Emotions perform different functions and operate at different levels under various stages of consumer decision making. The five articles presented in this issue reflect this. In the first article, Mano explores the moderating effects of emotions. Pleasantness and arousal interact with involvement to govern the course of information processing in a persuasion context. In the next two articles, emotions function as intervening variables. Miller and Marks study the ability of emotions to mediate the effect of personality on product satisfaction. They operationalize emotions as positive and negative affects, where each component of affect consists of an aggregation of multiple discrete emotional responses. Sherman, Mathur, and Smith investigate the power of emotions to mediate the effects of environmental retail stimuli on shopping behaviors. Emotion here was conceived as a two-dimensional pleasure/arousal phenomenon. Emotions function as well as important dependent variables in the fourth article, by Mooradian and Olver. Here emotions were measured through a number of positive affect and arousal/activity items. Gould
Convergent validity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS)

Abstract Previous studies analyzed the reliability as well as sensitivity and specificity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC). This study further examines the psychometric properties of the ASD-DC by assessing whether the ASD-DC has convergent validity against a psychometrically sound observational instrument for Autistic Disorder. Thirty-seven children and adolescents, ages 3–14 years old were studied. Spearman's Rho was utilized to assess the convergent validity between the ASD-DC and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The ASD-DC and CARS total scores were compared. Additionally, the ASD-DC nonverbal communication, verbal communication, social relationships, and insistence on sameness/restricted interest factors were compared to the CARS items of nonverbal communication, verbal communication, relating to people, and adaptation to change. All correlation coefficients were statistically significant and ranged from .37 to .68, indicating that the ASD-DC demonstrated convergent validity against the CARS. Percent of correct classification was also computed for the ASD-DC and CARS as compared to diagnosis assigned for research purposes according to a checklist derived from the ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for autism spectrum disorders. On the ASD-DC, 76.5% correctly met cutoff for ASD and 95.0% were correctly classified as not meeting cutoff for an ASD. Of those meeting the cutoff on the CARS, 58.8% were correctly classified as having an ASD and 85.0% were correctly classified as not having ASD.
The Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

For two decades, the cut-and-sew Cox-maze III procedure was the gold standard for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and has proven to be effective at eliminating AF. The incidence of late stroke was also very low. However, this procedure was not widely adopted owing to its complexity and technical difficulty. Over the last 5–10 years, the introduction of new ablation technology has led to the development of the Cox-maze IV procedure as well as more limited lesion sets, with the ultimate goal of performing a minimally invasive lesion set on the beating heart without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. This review summarizes the current state of the art and future directions in the stand-alone surgical treatment of AF. The hope is that as more is learned about the mechanisms of AF and with better preoperative diagnostic technologies capable of precisely locating the areas responsible for AF, it will become possible to tailor specific lesion sets and ablation modalities to individual patients, making the surgical treatment of AF available to a larger population of patients.
Encapsulated Molecules in Carbon Nanotubes: Structure and Properties

Abstract : We encapsulate a number of fullerenes inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) including La(2)C(80) and Er(x)Sc(3-x)NC(80)(x=0-3). The structural properties of these nanoscopic hybrid materials are described using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. It is found that the encapsulated fullerenes self- assemble into long, one-dimensional chains. The thermal stability of these supramolecular assemblies are studied and large variations are found. The behavior is nominally consistent with the mass of the encapsulated metallofullerenes.