cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A selective adiabatic spin-echo pulse

Abstract We introduce an adiabatic pulse suitable for generating selective spin echoes for both magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. The pulse requires no gradient reversal to achieve phase compensation. Like adiabatic inversion pulses the new pulse performs a π rotation for any amplitude exceeding a threshold. Unlike inversion pulses, this pulse leaves no phase variation across the slice. The pulse is actually a composite consisting of a 2π and a π pulse. The 2π pulse merely compensates for the phase of the π pulse; it performs no net rotation. This compensation is immune to RF inhomogeneity and nonlinearity.
Trace monoids with some invertible generators: two decision problems

Abstract Linear-time algorithms are given for the Word and Conjugacy Problems for trace monoids (or, free partially commutative monoids, commutation monoids) in which, in addition, some specified generators have inverses.
Effects of Diurnal Hypoxia on Electrophoretic Protein Fractions and Other Health Parameters of Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris)

Abstract Studies are presented describing some physiological responses of rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) to diurnal hypoxia. Diurnal hypoxia altered the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and total plasma protein, gill ventilation rates, and growth. Electrophoretic analyses established that plasma, myogen, and hemogen fractions also were altered significantly. However, the biological significance of changes in protein composition remains uncertain.
Intelligent Dynamic Production Scheduling in High-Mix Low-Volume Manufacturing Systems Under Uncertain Environment

Today’s globalization market drives industries toward increased expectations on lean production. These expectations have put industries under pressure to become more agile under highly dynamic market and manufacturing conditions in the high-mix low-volume manufacturing systems. Dynamic production scheduling is a key factor in fulfilling the customer’s expectation. It becomes more critical due to dynamics and uncertainty in the manufacturing systems. This research addresses the uncertainty consideration of machine and labor for dynamic production scheduling. Fuzzy based system is used to capture the labor and machine uncertainty and implemented in simulation environment. Based on the variability from the simulation environment, a genetic algorithm based optimization tool is developed for dynamic production scheduling. The proposed method is validated with real-world applications.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A Moth Production Index for Evaluating Sugarcane Cultivars for Resistance to the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

A 3-yr study done to evaluate sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., cultivars for resistance to sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), indicated the need to examine the effect of cultivars on areawide pest populations in addition to the resistance to plant injury from pest attack. Evaluation of the percentage of bored internodes has traditionally served as the primary criterion to quantify sugarcane resistance to sugarcane borers. However, this index measures, the cultivar resistance only until penetration by young larvae into the stalk. Using the emergence holes of the sugarcane borer as the seasonal record of adult emergence, a relative survival index was developed to estimate the proportion of larvae inside the stalk that survived to adulthood. A low correlation ( r = 0.253) was found between the percentage of bored internodes and the relative survival of the older larvae. Resistance ratings based on the percentage of bored internodes were found to be inadequate estimators of moth production because differences in borer survival after entry into the stalk influence the resultant adult moth emergence. Moth production on a cultivar serves as a measure of areawide suppression or enhancement of borer populations. Data from this study indicated that evaluations of varietal resistance to the sugarcane borer should be based on resistance to damage and the potential effect on areawide populations.
Construct and concurrent validation of the MG-QOL15 in the practice setting

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) estimates can play an important role in patient care by providing information about the patient's perception of impairment and disability and the degree to which the patient tolerates disease manifestations. The 15-item myasthenia gravis quality of life scale (MG-QOL15) is an HRQOL evaluative instrument specific to patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) that was designed to be easy to administer and interpret. In this multicenter study we demonstrate the construct validity of the MG-QOL15 in the practice setting. To assess the construct validity, score distributions were examined for test items in different MG patient groups that represent the clinical spectrum of the disease. For example, patients in remission more frequently scored test items as normal than did patients in other groups. Patients with lower (better) MG composite scores also more frequently scored items as normal than did patients with higher (worse) scores. There was also appropriate correlation between the MG-QOL15 and the other MG-specific scales studied. The study findings shed light on what troubles MG patients. The MG-QOL15 has construct validity in the clinical practice setting and represents an efficient and valuable tool for assessing HRQOL for patients with MG.
Sporangium pedicel length in Phytophthora species and the consideration of its uniformity in determining sporangium caducity

The degree of sporangium caducity (expressed as percentage detached sporangia) and sporangium pedicel length were evaluated comparatively in 16 isolates representing 10 species or morphological forms (MF) of Phytophthora for their diagnostic values in identification. The percentage of detached sporangia differed between species and varied also among isolates within the same species or morphological form, ranging from 3 · 8 % to 58 · 5 % among the 16 isolates tested. The two non-caducous species, P. cinnamomi Rands and P. parasitica Dast., produced low percentages of detached sporangia; each species carried a hyphal attachment of irregular length or was without hyphal attachment of any length. Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. & Cohn) Schroet., P. colocasiae Raciborski, and ‘ P. palmivora ’ (MF3), under these conditions, also produced low percentages of detached sporangia but each possessed pedicels of uniform length. Age of the sporangium-bearing culture greatly affected the degree of caducity but not the pedicel length in the taxa tested. This indicates that only mature sporangia with uniform pedicel lengths are detached and that the low percentages of sporangium detachment in some caducous species may be due to high proportions of immature sporangia in test cultures. On the basis of high degrees of uniformity in pedicel length within majority populations of detached sporangia, the following were designated or confirmed as caducous species and grouped into three categories based on average pedicel lengths. They were ( a ) with short pedicels ( P. cactorum, P. infestans (Mont.) deBary, and P. palmivora (Butl.) Butl. (MF1); ( b ) with pedicels of intermediate lengths (5–20 μm): {itP. botryosa Chee, P. Colocasiae , and ‘ P. palmivora ’ (MF3); and ( c ) with long pedicels (> 20μm): P. hibernalis Carne and ‘ P. palmivora rs (MF4). It is concluded that the degree of sporangium caducity (i.e. high or low percentage detachment) is of questionable diagnostic value and cannot, by itself, be used to determine sporangium caducity in most Phytophthora species or isolates, unless uniformity in pedicel length is also considered. Pedicel length is a much more stable sporangium character having high diagnostic value in identifying Phytophthora species. A species should be considered caducous only if a certain percentage of sporangia are detached at maturity and if the detached sporangia each carry a pedicel of uniform length.
A comparison of the ribosomal DNA's of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri: the evolution of tandem genes☆

Abstract The ribosomal DNA's of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri differ in their nucleotide sequences. Their base compositions are 67 and 65% G + C, respectively. The nucleotide sequences which code for 28 s and 18 s ribosomal RNA in the rDNA of the two species could not be distinguished by their size, base composition, or fidelity of hybridization. The difference between the two ribosomal DNA's lies in their spacer regions. Complementary RNA transcribed from spacer regions hybridized to heterologous rDNA at less than 20% of the level with which it hybridized to homologous rDNA. Partly denatured molecules of the two rDNA's were further compared by “denaturation mapping” in the electron microscope. The repeat length in X. mulleri rDNA is about the same as that in X. laevis rDNA. While the regions presumed to code for the 40 s precursor of rRNA have very similar denaturation patterns in the ribosomal DNA of X. laevis and X. mulleri, the patterns in the spacer regions are very different. Both physico-chemical and electron microscopic analyses show that the repeating sequences in X. mulleri ribosomal DNA are very similar, if not identical, to each other with respect to size and nucleotide sequence, a fact previously demonstrated for the rDNA of X. laevis. The multiple spacer sequences interspersed between the 18 s and 28 s gene regions have evolved together; the 18 s and 28 s genes have remained unchanged. Although the spacer regions differ greatly between species, they are very similar if not identical within each species. We conclude that a “correction” mechanism must operate to spread a mutation in one spacer sequence to the neighboring spacers faster than new changes arise in these genes. This phenomenon, which occurs within a single organism, is referred to as “horizontal” evolution, in contrast to “vertical” evolution which is the spread of a mutation through a breeding population.
Computation of Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional flow separation

Supersonic flows over a sharp and a flat-faced blunt fin mounted on a flat plate are simulated numerically. Several basic issues involved in the resultant three-dimensional steady flow separation are studied. Using the same number of grid points, different grid spacings are employed to investigate the effects of a grid resolution on the origin of the line of separation. Various shock strengths are used to study the so-called separated and unseparated boundary layer and to establish the existence or absence of secondary separation. The length of separation ahead of the flat-faced blunt fin, bifurcation of a horseshoe vortex, and the accessibility of a closed-type separation are investigated. The usual interpretation of the flow field from previous studies and new interpretations arising from the present simulation are discussed.
A fast spectral Galerkin method for hypersingular boundary integral equations in potential theory

This research is focused on the development of a fast spectral method to accelerate the solution of three-dimensional hypersingular boundary integral equations of potential theory. Based on a Galerkin approximation, the fast Fourier transform and local interpolation operators, the proposed method is a generalization of the precorrected-FFT technique to deal with double-layer potential kernels, hypersingular kernels and higher-order basis functions. Numerical examples utilizing piecewise linear shape functions are included to illustrate the performance of the method.
A linguistically-informative approach to dialect recognition using dialect-discriminating context-dependent phonetic models

We propose supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms to extract dialect discriminating phonetic rules and use these rules to adapt biphones to identify dialects. Despite many challenges (e.g., sub-dialect issues and no word transcriptions), we discovered dialect discriminating biphones compatible with the linguistic literature, while outperforming a baseline monophone system by 7.5% (relative). Our proposed dialect discriminating biphone system achieves similar performance to a baseline all-biphone system despite using 25% fewer biphone models. In addition, our system complements PRLM (Phone Recognition followed by Language Modeling), verified by obtaining relative gains of 15–29% when fused with PRLM. Our work is an encouraging first step towards a linguistically-informative dialect recognition system, with potential applications in forensic phonetics, accent training, and language learning.
The role of industrial Advisory Boards in technology transfer between universities and industry

This paper suggests that industrial Advisory Boards (IAB) have a significant, yet sometimes underestimated role in the transfer of technology between universities and industry, in the context of university-industry collaborative arrangements. Some barriers to technology transfer are described, and the role of the IABs in overcoming them is discussed, as a valuable forum for dynamic interaction between researchers, thus acting as a facilitator in the process of technology transfer.
Phosphorus on platinum - field electron emission microscopy studies

Abstract Phosphorus deposited onto a clean Pt FEM tip (at RT) reacts readily with the emitter surface below 630 K. Compound clusters are formed on top of a coherent compound layer. Cluster formation, growth, and disappearance below 890 K indicate a high compound mobility. The coherent compound layer shows the development of {221} planes, an enlargement of the {110} areas and ring structures around {100}. The coherent compound layer breaks up only upon heating to about 1670 K. The observations are discussed briefly in connection with Pt-phosphide chemistry and P poisoning of Pt surfaces.
Anomalous temperature dependence of the quadrupole coupling frequency of a lattice defect trapped to111In in Pt

The quadrupole coupling frequency of an111In-defect bound state in Pt with ω0(295 K) = 200 Mrad/s was measured over the range 4 – 300 K using perturbed angular correlations. The temperature dependence exhibited positive curvature, unlike the T3/2 dependence observed in noncubic metals, and was fitted using a model which assumed that the temperature dependence was caused by vibrations of a resonant mode in the probe-defect complex.
Appropriate radiometric quantities in laser dosimetry

Unlike radiofrequency and ionizing radiation which can penetrate deeply into biological tissues, optical radiation is generally absorbed very superficially. Except for the relatively narrow band of visible and near-infrared (IR-A) radiation from approximately 400 - 1400 nm, skin and other biological tissues are nearly opaque to optical radiation. For this reason, the volumetric or mass-based concepts of absorbed dose (i.e., J/cm3 or J/gm) used in other areas of radiation biology are of little value. Additionally, the absorbed radiant energy is conducted out of the absorbing site and for this reason thermal effects depend largely upon the size and location of the absorbing site as well as exposure and exposure rate. Concepts of surface exposure dose are therefore most useful and practical. The concepts of fluence and fluence rate are shown to be useful for volume scattering in the visible spectral region where photochemical reactions are to be described.
Time-resolved x-ray transmission grating spectrometer for studying laser-produced plasmas

The development of a new time-resolved x-ray spectrometer is reported in which a free-standing x-ray transmission grating is coupled to a soft x-ray streak camera. The instrument measures continuous x-ray spectra with 20-psec temporal resolution and moderate spectral resolution (Δλ ≥ 1 A) over a broad spectral range (0.1–5 keV) with high sensitivity and large information recording capacity. Its capabilities are well suited to investigation of laser-generated plasmas, and they nicely complement the characteristics of other time-resolved spectroscopic techniques presently in use. The transmission grating spectrometer has been used on a variety of laser-plasma experiments. We report the first measurements of the temporal variation of continuous low-energy x-ray spectra from laser-irradiated disk targets.
Two-photon conical emission

Abstract A two-photon resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing (FWM) process leading to the conical emission of two new frequency components has been observed in atomic sodium vapor. A dye laser tuned close to the 3s → 3d two-photon allowed transition produces broad-band emission near the frequencies of the 3d → 3p and 3p → 3s transitions. This radiation is emitted in the forward direction in the form of cones surrounding the transmitted laser beam. The dependence of the cone angle on the emission wavelength and atomic number density is in excellent agreement with the predictions of a model that ascribes the origin of the conical emission to a phase-matched four-wave mixing process.
Steady Mechanics of Belt-Pulley Systems

Steady state analysis of a two-pulley belt drive is conducted where the belt is modeled as a moving Euler-Bernoulli beam with bending stiffness. Other factors in the classical creep theory, such as elastic extension and Coulomb friction with the pulley, are retained, and belt inertia is included. Inclusion of the bending stiffness leads to nonuniform distribution of the tension and speed in the belt spans and alters the belt departure points from the pulley. Solutions for these quantities are obtained by a numerical iteration method that generalizes to n-pulley systems. The governing boundary value problem (BVP), which has undetermined boundaries due to the unknown belt-pulley contact points, is first converted to a standard fixed boundary form. This form is readily solvable by general purpose BVP solvers. Bending stiffness reduces the wrap angles, improves the power efficiency, increases the span tensions, and reduces the maximum transmissible moment.
Supramolecular effects on the dynamics of radicals in MFI zeolites: a direct EPR investigation.

Photolysis of the supramolecular complexes (dibenzyl ketones@ZSM-5) produced supramolecular complexes of benzyl radicals@ZSM-5, which were directly detected by CW-EPR spectroscopy, and provided inf...
Influence of traces of surfactants on nifedipine bioavailability in rats after neomycin-induced malabsorption syndrome

Abstract The effect of trace concentrations of surfactants (Tween 80, egg lecithin and sodium lauryl sulphate) on the bioavailability of nifedipine was investigated in rats in normal physiological condition and with the neomycin induced malabsorption syndrome. Tween 80 and lecithin, added under their critical miscellar concentration levels, were found to enhance nifedipine bioavailability in the case of physiological equilibrium and in the induced malabsorption syndrome. An increase of bioavailability promoted by addition of lauryl sulphate of sodium was not statistically significant.
Polyarteritis nodosa of the gastrointestinal tract with endoscopically documented duodenal and jejunal ulceration.

1987;59:2006-10. 3. Pliam MB, ReMine WHo Further evaluation of total pancreatectomy. Arch Surg 1975;110:506-12. 4. Tsang TK, Crampton AR, Bernstein JR, Ramos SR, Wieland JM. Percutaneous-endoscopic biliary stent placement. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:389-92. 5. Tsang TK, Crampton AR, Bernstein JR, Buto SK, Cahan JA. Percutaneous-endoscopic biliary stenting in patients with failed surgical bypass. Am J Med 1990;88:344-8. 6. Speer AG, Cotton PB, Russell CG, et al. Randomized trial of endoscopic versus percutaneous stent insertion in malignant obstructive jaundice. Lancet 1987;2:57-62. 7. Dowsett JR, Vaira D, Hatfield ARW, et al. Endoscopic biliary therapy using the combined percutaneous and endoscopic technique. Gastroenterology 1989;96:1180-6. 8. Cunningham JR. Endoscopic palliation for jaundice associated with malignant biliary obstruction. J SC Med Assoc 1986;82:687-91. 9. Dowsett JF, Russell RCG, Hatfield ARW, et al. Malignant obstructive jaundice: a prospective randomized trial of bypass surgery versus endoscopic stenting. Gastroenterology 1989;96:A128.
Obesity-resistant S5B rats showed greater cocaine conditioned place preference than the obesity-prone OM rats.

Abstract Background Dopamine (DA) and the DA D2 receptor (D2R) are involved in the rewarding and conditioned responses to food and drug rewards. Osborne–Mendel (OM) rats are genetically prone and S5B/P rats are genetically resistant to obesity when fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the differential sensitivity of these two rat strains to natural rewards may also be reflected in sensitivity to drugs of abuse. Therefore, we tested whether OM and S5B/P rats showed a differential preference to cocaine using conditioned place preference (CPP). To also evaluate whether there is specific involvement of the D2R in this differential conditioning sensitivity, we then tested whether the D2R agonist bromocriptine (BC) would differentially affect the effects of cocaine in the two strains. Methods OM and S5B/P rats were conditioned with cocaine (5 or 10 mg/kg) in one chamber and saline in another for 8 days. Rats were then tested for cocaine preference. The effects of BC (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) on cocaine preference were then assessed in subsequent test sessions. Results OM rats did not show a significant preference for the cocaine-paired chamber on test day. Only the S5B/P rats showed cocaine CPP. Later treatment with only the highest dose of BC resulted in reduced cocaine CPP in S5B/P rats when treated with 5 mg/kg cocaine and in OM rats treated with 10 mg/kg cocaine. Conclusion Our results indicated that obesity-resistant S5B rats showed greater cocaine CPP than the obesity-prone OM rats. These findings do not support a theory of common vulnerability for reinforcer preferences (food and cocaine). However, they show that BC reduced cocaine conditioning effects supporting at least a partial regulatory role of D2R in conditioned responses to drugs.
Attenuated allergic airway hyperresponsiveness in C57BL/6 mice is associated with enhanced surfactant protein (SP)-D production following allergic sensitization

C57BL/6 mice have attenuated allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) when compared with Balb/c mice but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. SP-D, an innate immune molecule with potent immunosuppressive activities may have an important modulatory role in the allergic airway response and the consequent physiological changes. We hypothesized that an elevated SP-D production is associated with the impaired ability of C57BL/6 mice to develop allergic AHR. SP-D mRNA and protein expression was investigated during development of allergic airway changes in a model of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced allergic inflammation. To study whether strain dependency of allergic AHR is associated with different levels of SP-D in the lung, Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice were compared. Sensitization and exposure to Af induced significant airway inflammation in both mouse strains in comparison with naive controls. AHR to acetylcholine however was significantly attenuated in C57BL/6 mice in spite of increased eosinophilia and serum IgE when compared with Balb/c mice (p < 0.05). Af challenge of sensitized C57BL/6 mice induced a markedly increased SP-D protein expression in the SA surfactant fraction (1,894 ± 170% of naive controls) that was 1.5 fold greater than the increase in Balb/c mice (1,234 ± 121% p < 0.01). These changes were selective since levels of the hydrophobic SP-B and SP-C and the hydrophilic SP-A were significantly decreased following sensitization and challenge with Af in both strains. Further, sensitized and exposed C57BL/6 mice had significantly lower IL-4 and IL-5 in the BAL fluid than that of Balb/c mice (p < 0.05). These results suggest that enhanced SP-D production in the lung of C57BL/6 mice may contribute to an attenuated AHR in response to allergic airway sensitization. SP-D may act by inhibiting synthesis of Th2 cytokines.
A Monounsaturated Fatty Acid–Rich Pecan-Enriched Diet Favorably Alters the Serum Lipid Profile of Healthy Men and Women

Frequent consumption of nuts is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the effect of pecans rich in monounsaturated fat as an alternative to the Step 1 diet in modifying serum lipids and lipoproteins in men and women with normal to moderately high serum cholesterol. In a single-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover feeding study, we assigned 23 subjects (mean age: 38 y; 9 women, 14 men) to follow two diets, each for 4 wk: a Step I diet and a pecan-enriched diet (accomplished by proportionately reducing all food items in a Step I diet by one fifth for a 20% isoenergetic replacement with pecans). The percentage of energy from fat in the two diets was 28.3 and 39.6%, respectively. Both diets improved the lipid profile; however, the pecan-enriched diet decreased both serum total and LDL cholesterol by 0.32 mmol/L (6.7 and 10.4%, respectively) and triglyceride by 0.14 mmol/L (11.1%) beyond the Step I diet, while increasing HDL cholesterol by 0.06 mmol/L (2.5 mg/dL). Serum apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) decreased by 11.6 and 11.1%, respectively, and apolipoprotein A1 increased by 2.2% when subjects consumed the pecan compared with the Step I diet. These differences were all significant (P < 0.05). A 20% isoenergetic replacement of a Step I diet with pecans favorably altered the serum lipid profile beyond the Step I diet, without increasing body weight. Nuts such as pecans that are rich in monounsaturated fat may therefore be recommended as part of prescribed cholesterol-lowering diet of patients or habitual diet of healthy individuals.
The Rise to Leadership in Fortune and Non-Fortune 500 Organizations

Women entered the workforce enmass during World War II with the the entry of approximately six million workers. Rosie the Riverter symbolizes the working woman during World War II. While this is notable, it represents a diminishment of all the American Black women who were already in the workplace and who were excluded from social security benefits and all other federal benefits because they were limited to domestic care workers (Coates, 2014).
Frequency Agility of Broadband Antennas Integrated With a Reconfigurable RF Impedance Tuner

This letter demonstrate the frequency agility that can be achieved when an broadband antenna is integrated with a reconfigurable RF tuner as na impedance matching circuit. The reconfigurable tuner uses a microstrip loaded line structure with four stubs that are each terminated by a varactor diode. The spectral response can be varied by changing the capacitance of the diodes. Input impedance data obtained from measurements on commercially available antennas were used in an agilent advanced design system (ADS) model of the four-stub tuner. The results show that adding the reconfigurable tuner can facilitate excellent frequency agility of the return loss of the broadband antenna over several narrow frequency subbands
“LONG LIVE THE WEEDS AND THE WILDERNESS YET”: REFLECTIONS ON A SECULAR AGE

While we are deeply appreciative of Taylor's A Secular Age, we nonetheless worry that his use of the immanent/transcendent duality may introduce a certain kind of Christian Constantinianism that he wants to disavow. In particular, we worry that the immanent/transcendent duality is far too formal in its character. In order to develop this concern, we draw on Talal Asad's account of the secular to suggest how liturgy may provide an alternative way of understanding as well as challenging Taylor's worries about “the immanent frame.”
The thermal resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk under conditions simulating pasteurization

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of ruminant paratuberculosis, commonly referred to as Johne’s disease. The disease is characterized by a chronic granulomatous ileocolitis that ultimately terminates in diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and death. 6 The disease is transmitted among ruminants predominately through feces when animals are at a young age. In the United States, the national disease prevalence has been suggested to be 2.6% of the dairy and 0.8% of the beef cattle, 14 although regional surveys suggest local prevalences of 11-17%. 1,5 Cattle infected with M. paratuberculosis shed organisms in feces often at concentrations approaching 10 8 colony
Information technology implementation research: a technological diffusion approach

Based on the innovation and technological diffusion literatures, promising research questions concerning the implementation of a production and inventory control information system material requirements planning: MRP are identified and empirically examined. These questions focus on the interaction of managerial tasks with the information technology and the resulting effect on the adoption and infusion of that technology. Using a random sample of manufacturing firms across the United States, we find that this interaction does indeed affect the adoption of MRP, though it does not seem to affect MRP infusion. These results support the notion that though rational decision models may be useful in explaining information technology adoption, political and learning models may be more useful when examining infusion.
Regional and Cultural Utility of Conventional Batterer Counseling

Batterer counseling has become the centerpiece of batterer intervention in the United States but faces questions about its utility across regions and cultures. A multisite evaluation of conventional gender-based cognitive-behavioral counseling produced comparable reassault rates across three regions of the United States. Preliminary results from a clinical trial of specialized counseling for African American men also show similar outcomes for the conventional counseling and specialized counseling. Some basic counseling principles may have broader application than expected. Variations in the intervention systems, however, may help adapt batterer programs to different regions, and specialized counseling may be beneficial for men with high cultural identification.
Energy optimization of multilevel cache architectures for RISC and CISC processors

In this paper, we present the characterization and design of energy-efficient, on chip cache memories. The characterization of power dissipation in on-chip cache memories reveals that the memory peripheral interface circuits and bit array dissipate comparable power. To optimize performance and power in a processor's cache, a multidivided module (MDM) cache architecture is proposed to conserve energy in the bit array as well as the memory peripheral circuits. Compared to a conventional, nondivided, 16-kB cache, the latency and power of the MDM cache are reduced by a factor of 1.9 and 4.6, respectively. Based on the MDM cache architecture, the energy efficiency of the complete memory hierarchy is analyzed with respect to cache parameters in a multilevel processor cache design. This analysis was conducted by executing the SPECint92 benchmark programs with the miss ratios for reduced instruction set computer (RISC) and complex instruction set computer (CISC) machines.
Dissecting the roles of DR4, DR5 and c-FLIP in the regulation of Geranylgeranyltransferase I inhibition-mediated augmentation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis

Geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) has emerged as a cancer therapeutic target. Accordingly, small molecules that inhibit GGTase I have been developed and exhibit encouraging anticancer activity in preclinical studies. However, their underlying anticancer mechanisms remain unclear. Here we have demonstrated a novel mechanism by which GGTase I inhibition modulates apoptosis. The GGTase I inhibitor GGTI-298 induced apoptosis and augmented tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. GGTI-298 induced DR4 and DR5 expression and reduced c-FLIP levels. Enforced c-FLIP expression or DR5 knockdown attenuated apoptosis induced by GGTI-298 and TRAIL combination. Surprisingly, DR4 knockdown sensitized cancer cells to GGTI298/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The combination of GGTI-298 and TRAIL was more effective than each single agent in decreasing the levels of IκBα and p-Akt, implying that GGTI298/TRAIL activates NF-κB and inhibits Akt. Interestingly, knockdown of DR5, but not DR4, prevented GGTI298/TRAIL-induced IκBα and p-Akt reduction, suggesting that DR5 mediates reduction of IκBα and p-Akt induced by GGTI298/TRAIL. In contrast, DR4 knockdown further facilitated GGTI298/TRAIL-induced p-Akt reduction. Both DR5 induction and c-FLIP downregulation contribute to GGTI-298-mediated augmentation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, DR4 appears to play an opposite role to DR5 in regulation of GGTI/TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling.
Sea urchin sperm receptors for egg peptides.

Abstract Peptides released from sea urchin eggs bind to and activate receptors in the sperm plasma membrane. The activated receptors cause multiple physiological changes in the sperm cell, including increased synthesis of cyclic GMP, that result in kinetic and directional changes in motility. Egg peptides appear to activate spermatozoa only from sea urchins in the same taxonomic order. The amino acid sequences of two different apparent receptors for the peptides reveal that one is a receptor/guanylyl cyclase. The mechanism by which the other putative receptor signals, if in fact it signals, is not known. Mammalian receptors homologous to both types of sperm-activating peptide receptors have been found in somatic cells. Thus, proteins that carry out communication between gametes of ancient invertebrates may be considered prototypes for the evolution of signaling molecules in animals that are morphologically more complex.
Less frequent dosing of bisphosphonates in osteoporosis: focus on ibandronate

ABSTRACTBackground: Bisphosphonates form the mainstay of treatment in osteoporosis; however, current adherence with therapy is inadequate. Problems with adherence are thought to be linked to several factors, including frequency of dosing and bisphosphonate-associated intolerability. For non adherent patients, less frequent dosing may be desirable, because the frequency with which strict and inconvenient dosing procedures must be followed is reduced.Objectives: A new nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, ibandronate, offers sustained efficacy, with an extended between-dose interval. The molecular characteristics of ibandronate that support extended dosing are described, and trial outcomes for oral and intravenous ibandronate are summarized, in the context of other available bisphosphonates, based on the results of a search of MEDLINE publications (January 1975–December 2005). Relevant safety issues are discussed.Conclusion: Awareness of the scientific basis, published trial findings, and clinical implication...
The Influence of Anion on the Coarsening Kinetics of ZnO Nanoparticles

In solution phase synthesis of nanoparticles, processes such as coarsening and aggregation can compete with nucleation and growth in modifying the particle size distribution in the system. We report on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from Zn(CH3CO2)2, ZnBr2, and Zn(ClO4)2 in 2-propanol. For synthesis from Zn(CH3CO2)2 and ZnBr2, nucleation and growth are fast and are followed by diffusion-limited coarsening. For synthesis from Zn(ClO4)2, diffusion-limited coarsening is observed at shorter times whereas at longer times the particle size increases more rapidly. The rate constant for coarsening at constant temperature increases in the order Br- < CH3CO2- < ClO4- indicating that the rate is dependent on anion adsorption. The temperature dependence of the rate constant for coarsening is due to the temperature dependence of the solvent viscosity and the temperature dependence of the bulk solubility of ZnO.
CNplot: visualizing pre-clustered networks

Summary: CNplot is a simple technique for the visualization of global connectivity within pre-clustered network data. CNplot is easy to implement and in most cases produces informative and satisfactory summary of the data. Availability: A Java implementation is available that allows users to modify graphics parameters and produces a LaTeX output. This software is free and is available at http://csb.stanford.edu/nbatada/VCN.html
Crosstalk analysis for ultra-high-speed digital PCBs due to substrate permittivity, pulse-width, and line-length

A parametric study of the effects of substrate permittivity, pulse-width, and line-length on interline crosstalk is presented. The technique utilized to determine the crosstalk system transfer function is Fourier theory and linear system theory which is based upon accurate wide-range closed form expressions for the frequency-dependent parameters. The substrate loss, line loss, and line thickness correction factor are included in the calculation. The study reveals a nonlinear relationship with respect to substrate permittivity and line-length.
Neuropsychological effect of chronic alcoholism on tactual-spatial performance and memory in males.

To examine the hypothesis that the functioning of the right hemisphere is disrupted as a result of prolonged alcohol abuse, male middle-aged alcoholic patients and nonalcoholic controls were tested on the standard Tactual Performance Test (TPT) from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery or on a modified form of the TPT employing stimuli of low verbal codability. On the standard TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired relative to controls on timed performance and memory for TPT figures but not for location. Analysis of the pattern of timed performance indicated the presence of an alcohol-related deficit for the left hand; however, right-hand scores were not impaired in alcoholic patients. For the modified TPT, alcoholic patients were impaired relative to controls for level but not pattern of timed performance; memory for TPT figures was impaired in alcoholic patients although location scores were not. The standard and modified TPT were found to discriminate alcoholic and control subjects with equal accuracy. The results support the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism leads to a disruption in the normal function of the right cerebral hemisphere. Language: en
Was the Medieval Warm Period Global

During the Medieval Warm Period (800 to 1200 A.D.), the Vikings colonized Greenland. In his Perspective, Broecker discusses whether this warm period was global or regional in extent. He argues that it is the last in a long series of climate fluctuations in the North Atlantic, that it was likely global, and that the present warming should be attributed in part to such an oscillation, upon which the warming due to greenhouse gases is superimposed.
Minimal line graphs

In this paper all graphs will be ordinary graphs, i.e. finite, undirected, and without loops or multiple edges. For points x and y of a graph G , we shall indicate that x is adjacent to y by writing x ⊥ y , and if x is not adjacent to y we shall write x y . We shall denote the degree of a point x by δ( x ) and the minimal degree of G by δ( G ). By the line graph of a graph G we shall mean the graph L ( G ) whose points are the edges of G , with two points of L ( G ) adjacent whenever they are adjacent in G. A graph G is said to be a line graph if there exists a graph H such that G = L ( H ).
Increased Expression of Beige/Brown Adipose Markers from Host and Breast Cancer Cells Influence Xenograft Formation in Mice

The initiation and progression of breast cancer is a complex process that is influenced by heterogeneous cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Although adipocytes have been shown to promote breast cancer development, adipocyte characteristics involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate enrichment of beige/brown adipose markers, contributed from the host as well as tumor cells, in the xenografts from breast cancer cell lines. In addition to uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) that is exclusively expressed in beige/brown adipocytes, gene expression for classical brown (MYF5, EVA1, and OPLAH) as well as beige (CD137/TNFRSF9 and TBX1) adipocyte markers was also elevated in the xenografts. Enrichment of beige/brown characteristics in the xenografts was independent of the site of implantation of the breast tumor cells. Early stages of xenografts showed an expansion of a subset of mammary cancer stem cells that expressed PRDM16, a master regulator of brown adipocyte differentiation. Depletion of UCP1+ or Myf5+ cells significantly reduced tumor development. There was increased COX2 (MT-CO2) expression, which is known to stimulate formation of beige adipocytes in early xenografts and treatment with a COX2 inhibitor (SC236) reduced tumor growth. In contrast, treatment with factors that induce brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro led to larger tumors in vivo. A panel of xenografts derived from established breast tumor cells as well as patient tumor tissues were generated that expressed key brown adipose tissue–related markers and contained cells that morphologically resembled brown adipocytes. Implications: This is the first report demonstrating that beige/brown adipocyte characteristics could play an important role in breast tumor development and suggest a potential target for therapeutic drug design. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 78–92. ©2015 AACR.
Spatial Identities and Glissantian Detour: Narrative Strategies in Maryse Condé's Traversée de la mangrove

This article analyzes narrative strategies in Maryse Conde's Traversee de la mangrove in light of Edouard Glissant's theory of “detour.” The novel revolves around the death of a stranger in a small Guadeloupean village and the testimonies of those gathered at his wake. A traditional reading of the text points to an orderly, contiguous time frame (dusk-night-dawn) setting limits for the action of the text. Multiple narrators, however, form a tapestry of spatial identities whose relations are porous, tangled, and overlapping, ultimately refusing to be constrained by the boundaries of the imposed structure of the narrative. The result is a text fraught with temporal and spatial discontinuities, gaps, and absences. Ultimately, these narrative strategies of resistance perform a textual detour, creating openings and fresh perspectives from which to reexamine assumed connections between Antillean identities and the past.
23.1 A 16Mb/s-to-8Gb/s 14.1-to-5.9pJ/b source synchronous transceiver using DVFS and rapid on/off in 65nm CMOS

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) [1] and burst-mode operation [2] are two promising methods to greatly improve energy efficiency of serial links. By varying supply voltage in accordance with the desired data rate/workload, DVFS scales link power almost quadratically with data rate. Because the time constant associated with changing the output of a DC-DC converter that provides the optimal link supply voltage is on the order of several microseconds, DVFS is effective only when rate of workload variations is slow. On the other hand, burst-mode communication, implemented using rapid on/off (ROO) links, linearly scales power consumption with effective data rate and is well-suited for interfaces where link inactive periods are short, on the order of few hundred nano-seconds or less. However, energy efficiency of ROO links degrades considerably at lower utilization levels due to leakage and static power consumed in the off state. Hence, DVFS and ROO techniques are best suited for workload variations with large and small time constants, respectively. In practice, their effectiveness also greatly depends on the integrity of supply voltage as it is stressed considerably more compared to always-on links operating at a fixed supply voltage. In this paper, we seek to combine DVFS and ROO approaches along with robust supply voltage generation and regulation techniques to achieve excellent energy efficiency across a wide range of data rates. The prototype source synchronous transceiver is implemented in a 65nm CMOS process and is packaged in a 10mm×10mm QFN package. It achieves less than 14ns wake-up time with 14.1–5.9pJ/b energy efficiency for the effective data rates varying from 16Mb/s to 8Gb/s.
Testing Method for the Elongation of Paper and Paperboard

The test required for the improvement of JIS P 8132 was carried out. The result was as follows.1) No significant difference of the elongation was observed between testing with the initial load or (initial strain) and without it. The initial load, therefore, could not be given to the specimen in testing the elongation of paper and paperboard, if the specimen is set on the clamp of the apparatus carefully.2) The method of correction was investigated considering the mechanism of measuring the elongation with the constant rate of elongation apparatus. The correction is performed by looking over the strain of the loadcell and chuck under testing the standard specimen of metal with this apparatus.
Single-sensor-based Fault Detection in Wind Turbines

In this paper, we consider the detection of wind turbine pitch sensor faults using measurements from a single sensor instead of multiple redundant sensors. We show that it is possible to detect three types of sensor faults, namely a stuck sensor fault, an oset fault and a scaling factor fault. Fault detection techniques such as the Cumulative Sum Least Squares (CUSUM LS) algorithm are adapted to facilitate detection. To illustrate the proposed methods, we provide simulation results for blade pitch sensor faults occurring on a 4.8 MW wind turbine benchmark model available for a fault detection challenge.
INVENT: Mission-Integrated Optimization of a Tip-to-Tail High Performance Aircraft System

A tip-to-tail model of a long range strike fighter developed as part of the INVENT program has been implemented by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and other INVENT contributors into a cohesive adaptable, dynamic aircraft simulation program in Mathwork’s Simulink TM . The resulting model known as the “tip-to-tail” model meets the design specifications set forth by the INVENT program. The system consists of six intimately linked subsystems that include a propulsion subsystem (PS), avionics subsystem (AVS), robust electrical power subsystem (REPS), high performance electric actuation subsystem (HPEAS), adaptive power thermal management subsystem (APTMS), and a fuel thermal management subsystem (FTMS). The model’s governing equations are augmented with experimental data and supported by defined physical parameters. To run a flight simulation, the tip-to-tail model requires a mission profile, which includes the instantaneous altitude and Mach number. Using these, the propulsion and avionic subsystems generate power and thermal loads to meet the performance requirements. The REPS and HPEAS simulate thermal loads from other aircraft components; and as a result of these loads, the APTMS and FTMS accept and reject energy via heat exchangers and heat sinks throughout the aircraft to maintain the necessary operating conditions. This paper presents some preliminary results for the mission-integrated design and operational optimization of this tip-to-tail model.
Reduced Voltage-Dependent Ca2+ Signaling in CA1 Neurons After Brief Ischemia in Gerbils

Connor, J. A., S. Razani-Boroujerdi, A. C. Greenwood, R. J. Cormier, J. J. Petrozzino, and R.C.S. Lin. Reduced voltage-dependent Ca2+ signaling in CA1 neurons after brief ischemia in gerbils. J. Ne...
Short-term effects of nicotine gum.

Based on these approaches, several types of medications, such as taste adulterants, stimulants, and tranquilizers have been tested as aids to smoking cessation (Kozlowski, in press; Raw 1978; Grabowski and Hall, this volume). Most of these medications have not been efficacious. Nicotine chewing gum is the exception (Hughes and Miller 1984). The major hypotheses to explain the efficacy of nicotine gum are that the gum substitutes for the reinforcing effects of cigarettes or that the gum relieves tobacco withdrawal symptoms.