cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economic Development Effects of Major and Minor League Teams and Stadiums

Professional teams and leagues claim new stadiums lead to economic development. To test this, we utilize data from the Census Bureau on net establishment and employment changes across 871 Metropoli...
Exogenous copper sulfide in returned asteroid Itokawa regolith grains are likely relicts of prior impacting body

Samples from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa mission have been identified as LL4-6 ordinary chondrite materials and have shown it to be a rubble pile that aggregated after break-up of a parent body. Here we investigate particle RB-CV-0038 from the Itokawa regolith using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. We identify a cubanite-chalcopyrite-troilite-pyrrhotite assemblage, the phases and structure of which are indicative of low-temperature, aqueous alteration. Cubanite is stable only at temperatures below around 250 °C and has thus far only been identified in CI carbonaceous chondrites and the comet 81P/Wild2 sample suite. Chalcopyrite is also very rare in the meteorite record and is found mostly in R chondrites and some CK chondrites. Because the Itokawa parent body experienced significant thermal alteration with little evidence of low-temperature equilibration or aqueous alteration, we propose that the assemblage we identify is most likely exogenous and represents a component of an impacting body. Cubanite and chalcopyrite identified in regolith grains returned from the Itokawa asteroid by the Hayabusa mission likely represent part of an exogenous mineral assemblage with a carbonaceous chondrite or cometary origin
On Fast Johnson-Lindenstrauss Embeddings of Compact Submanifolds of R N with Boundary.

Let $\mathcal{M}$ be a smooth $d$-dimensional submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^N$ with boundary that's equipped with the Euclidean (chordal) metric, and choose $m \leq N$. In this paper we consider the probability that a random matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times N}$ will serve as a bi-Lipschitz function $A: \mathcal{M} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^m$ with bi-Lipschitz constants close to one for three different types of distributions on the $m \times N$ matrices $A$, including two whose realizations are guaranteed to have fast matrix-vector multiplies. In doing so we generalize prior randomized metric space embedding results of this type for submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^N$ by allowing for the presence of boundary while also retaining, and in some cases improving, prior lower bounds on the achievable embedding dimensions $m$ for which one can expect small distortion with high probability. In particular, motivated by recent modewise embedding constructions for tensor data, herein we present a new class of highly structured distributions on matrices which outperform prior structured matrix distributions for embedding sufficiently low-dimensional submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^N$ (with $d \lesssim \sqrt{N}$) with respect to both achievable embedding dimension, and computationally efficient realizations. As a consequence we are able to present, for example, a general new class of Johnson-Lindenstrauss embedding matrices for $\mathcal{O}(\log^c N)$-dimensional submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^N$ which enjoy $\mathcal{O}(N \log (\log N))$-time matrix vector multiplications.
A first course in topology

A little set theory Metric and topological spaces Geometric notions Building new spaces from old Connectedness Compactness Homotopy and the fundamental group Computations and covering spaces The Jordan Curve Theorem Simplicial complexes Homology Bibliography Notation index Subject index.
Layout methods for digital optical computing

A recognized model for an all-optical digital computer consists of arrays of optical logic devices interconnected in free space. In order to simplify device requirements and to reduce the complexity of the optics, regular interconnects between logic gates are considered such as crossovers. Problems and solutions related to the computer-aided design of these systems are identified, such as layout, fault avoidance, pipelining, and other considerations. An algorithm for determining settings for an optical programmable logic array that maintains a strict crossover interconnect at the gate level is described as an example of computer-aided design applied to this model. >
Stress Intensity Factor Due to Parallel Impact Loading of the Faces of a Crack

The plane-strain response of an unbounded elastic body containing a semi-infinite crack subjected to a pair of concentrated forces suddenly applied to the crack faces at some distance from the crack tip is determined. Theforces act on opposite faces of the crack, in the plane of the crack, and in the same direction. An exact solution is obtained within the framework of linear elastodynamics using a fundamental solution obtained from dynamic elastic dislocation theory. If the loading is quasi-statically applied, then the stress intensity factor is zero. However, if the loads are suddenly applied, the stress intensity factor varies with time, and, for a short time, it takes on very large values. As time becomes large compared to the transit time of a Rayleigh wave from the load point to the crack tip, the stress intensity factor decays to zero. The same procedure may be applied for growing cracks subjected to the same type of loading.
Centrosomes and the Scrambled protein coordinate microtubule-independent actin reorganization

In Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryos, centrosomes specify the position of actin-based interphase caps and mitotic furrows. Mutations in the scrambled locus prevent assembly of mitotic furrows, but do not block actin cap formation. The scrambled gene encodes a protein that localizes to the mitotic furrows and centrosomes. Sced localization, actin reorganization from caps into mitotic furrows, and centrosome-coordinated assembly of actin caps are not blocked by microtubule disruption. Our results indicate that centrosomes may coordinate assembly of cortical actin caps through a microtubule-independent mechanism, and that Scrambled mediates a second microtubule-independent process that drives mitotic furrow assembly.
Pancreatic amyloidoma associated with elevated CA19-9: A case diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Keywords: amyloid; pancreas; endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration; cytology; CA19-9
An Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-dependant Protein Kinase from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle

Abstract A protein kinase that catalyzes an adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent phosphorylation of casein and protamine has been purified from rabbit skeletal muscle. The Km values of cyclic AMP for these reactions are 1 x 10-7 and 6 x 10-8 m, respectively. The protein kinase markedly increases the rate of the cyclic AMP-dependent activation and phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase by ATP.
Translation of vesicular stomatitis messenger RNA by extracts from mammalian and plant cells.

RNA was isolated from polyribosomes of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected cells and tested for its ability to direct protein synthesis in extracts of animal and plant cells. In cell-free, non-preincubated extracts of rabbit reticulocytes, the 28S VSV RNA stimulated synthesis of a protein the size of the vesicular stomatitis virus L protein whereas the 13 to 15S RNA directed synthesis of the VSV M, N, NS, and possibly G proteins. In wheat germ extracts, 13 to 15S RNA also directed synthesis of the N, NS, M, and possibly G proteins. Analysis of extracts labeled with formyl [35S]methionine showed that the 28S RNA directed the initiation of synthesis of one protein, whereas the 13 to 15S RNA directed initiation of at least four proteins. It is concluded that the 28S RNA encodes only the L protein, whereas the 13 to 15S RNA is a mixture of species, presumably monocistronic, which code for the four other known vesicular stomatitis virus proteins.
A Stroboscopic Study of the Relationship of Ball Velocity and Tennis Performance

Abstract The relationship between ball velocity and playing ability in tennis was investigated. Subjects were 40 freshman men randomly chosen from beginning tennis classes at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The class met three periods a week for 10 weeks. The traditional method for beginning tennis was used to teach ground strokes, volleys, serve, and the combination of these strokes into competitive play. During the sixth week the Broer-Miller Tennis Achievement Test was administered and subjects were randomly paired into two groups in terms of their test performance. A round robin tournament was played within each group to provide group criterion measures. During the eighth week the subjects' maximum velocity of the forehand and backhand drives, and serve, and controlled velocity of the forehand and back drives were tested. Multiple-image photography was used to measure velocity. Maximum velocity of each subject's forehand and backhand drives and serve was correlated with the criterion measure of his gr...
Reduction of the nonspecific binding of a target antibody and of its enzyme-labeled detection probe enabling electrochemical immunoassay of an antibody through the 7 pg/ml-100 ng/mL (40 fM-400 pM) range.

We describe a simple, potentially low-cost, amperometric, enzyme-amplified, sandwich-type immunoassay, monitoring IgG at a concentration as low as ∼7 pg/mL with a dynamic range of 104. The assay utilizes a screen-printed carbon electrode on which a redox hydrogel and avidin are co-electrodeposited. To neutralize nonspecifically binding positively charged microdomains of the avidin, two polyanions, poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) and poly(acrylic acid), are applied. These polyanions bind to the film not only electrostatically but also by Michael addition reaction to cysteine, lysine, or arginine functions of the avidin. The electrode is then made specific for the analyte, for which rabbit IgG was chosen, by conjugating the film-bound avidin to biotin-labeled anti-rabbit IgG. After exposure to the tested solution and capture of rabbit IgG, the sandwich is completed by conjugation of horseradish-peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-rabbit IgG. Electrical contact between the HRP and the electrode-bound hydrogel re...
Instability of a viscoelastic fluid between rotating parallel disks: analysis for the Oldroyd-B fluid

The stability of the viscometric motion of a viscoelastic fluid held between rotating parallel disks with large radii to small-amplitude perturbations is studied for the Oldroyd-B constitutive model. The disturbances are assumed to be radially localized and are expressed in Fourier form so that a separable eigenvalue problem results; these disturbances describe either axisymmetric or spiral vortices, depending on whether the most dangerous disturbance has zero or non-zero azimuthal wavenumber, respectively. The critical value of the dimensionless radius R* for the onset of the instability is computed as a function of the Deborah number De, a dimensionless time constant of the fluid, the azimuthal and radial wavenumbers, and the ratio of the viscosities of the solvent to the polymer solution. Calculations meant to match the experiments of McKinley et al. (1991) for a Boger fluid show that the most dangerous instabilities are spiral vortices with positive and negative angle that start at the same critical radius and travel outward and inward toward the centre of the disk; the axisymmetric mode also becomes unstable at only slightly greater values of R*, or De for fixed R*. The predicted dependence of the value of De for a fixed R* on the gap between the disks agrees quantitatively with the measurements of McKinley et al., when the longest relaxation time for the fluid at the shear rate corresponding to the maximum value of R* is used to define the time constant in the Oldroyd-B model.
The UIUC Virtual Spectrometer: A Java‐Based Collaborative Learning Environment

The development of the UIUC Virtual Spectrometer (UIUC-VS), an interactive, Java-based simulation and tutoring system, is discussed. The apprenticeship model of learning is utilized to create a learning environment for the study of a one-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, with the goal of linking theoretical knowledge with practical operational experience. Active, exploratory, apprentice-style learning is supported via modes of operation within the system. Students can flexibly choose to “observe the expert” perform and explain operational steps, or “act as an apprentice” and carry out the steps autonomously. Students can switch between modes at their discretion, giving them control of the level of system intervention. Students can also explore and reflect on an “information space” of objects, procedures, and related concepts. UIUC-VS extends a previous tutorial application, LEMRS,1 using Java-based, Web-capable technologies to provide a basis for a shared simulation environment teaching NMR. As a computer-supported collaborative learning environment, the system includes a method of asynchronous communication, where the student can post questions and comments to a “question board,” with the ability to capture the current state of the system via annotations on a screen capture. Formative evaluations involving undergraduate chemistry students were crucial to system redesign.
Environmental changes associated with a Florida power plant

Abstract Damage to the biota of Biscayne Bay by the heated effluent of a power plant is demonstrated quantitatively and qualitatively. Algae and grasses are found to be replaced by blue-green filamentous algal mats; seasonal recovery is slow and the affected areas contain fewer kinds and smaller numbers of animals. Increased temperature is the chief cause.
8.7 A 4-to-10.5Gb/s 2.2mW/Gb/s continuous-rate digital CDR with automatic frequency acquisition in 65nm CMOS

Continuous-rate clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuits with automatic frequency acquisition offer flexibility in both optical and electrical communication networks, and minimize cost with a single-chip multi-standard solution. The two major challenges in the design of such a CDR are: (a) extracting the bit-rate from the incoming random data stream, and (b) designing a wide-tuning-range low-noise oscillator. Among all available frequency detectors (FDs), the stochastic divider-based approach has the widest frequency acquisition range and is well suited for sub-rate CDRs [1]. However, its accuracy strongly depends on input transition density (0 ≤ ρ ≤ 1), with any deviation of ρ from 0.5 (50% transition density) causing 2×(ρ-0.5)×106 ppm of frequency error. In this paper, we present an automatic frequency-acquisition scheme that has unlimited range and is immune to variations in transition density. Implemented using a conventional bang-bang phase detector (BBPD), it requires minimum additional hardware and is applicable to sub-rate CDRs as well. Instead of using multiple LC oscillators that are carefully designed to cover a wide frequency range [2,3], a ring-oscillator-based fractional-N PLL is used as a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to achieve both wide range and low noise, and to decouple the tradeoff between jitter transfer (JTRAN) bandwidth and ring-oscillator-noise suppression.
The Lymphatics and the Inflammatory Response: Lessons Learned from Human Lymphedema

In lymphedema, there is a profound predisposition to infection with bacterial pathogens. It therefore seems appropriate to reconsider our unique functional definition of the lymphatic structures within a circulatory construct. While the lymphatics unquestionably fulfill a vital circulatory function, it seems more appropriate to view this complex network, comprised both of endothelial-lined vessels and of lymphoid tissue, as the nexus between the circulatory and immune systems. Viewed in this fashion, it becomes evident that the complex biology of regional lymphatic disruption is a manifestation of the interplay between these two vital bodily functions. Experimental lymph stasis in murine model has been utilized to effectively demonstrate the pathological attributes of human lymphedema, namely, inflammation, fat deposition, and fibrosis. Large-scale transcriptional corroborates the role of inflammatory mechanisms. The murine studies have set the stage for subsequent translational investigation of human lymphedema. Many of the gene expression pathways invoked by lymphedema are relevant to the inflammatory response and have provided a pragmatic approach to the successful identification of potentially relevant circulating biomarkers for human lymphedema.
Maternal and paternal stress reactions when a child is hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit.

A major situational stressor experienced by parents is the serious illness of a family member, and perhaps no event is more stressful than the admission of a child to an intensive care unit (ICU). This study was designed to identify ICU environmental stressors experienced by parents when a child is admitted to a pediatric ICU and to examine possible differences in the perceived stress stimuli and the overall stress impact between mothers and fathers. Thirty-seven father-mother dyads whose children had recently been discharged from a pediatric ICU in one of four midwestern hospitals were subjects for the study. Data were collected using the Parental Stressor Scale: Pediatric ICU (PSS:PICU) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Findings suggest that mothers and fathers found the total ICU experience equally stressful. Mean State Anxiety scores were not significantly different for the two groups. In a comparison of mean scores on the seven dimensions of the PSS:PICU, mothers and fathers differed f...
Early elevation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 in pediatric ARDS is associated with an increased risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -8 and -9 may play key roles in the modulation of neutrophilic lung inflammation seen in pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity in tracheal aspirates of pediatric ARDS patients compared with non-ARDS controls, testing whether increased MMP-8 and -9 activities were associated with clinical outcomes.
Early mechanistic events in biotin dissociation from streptavidin.

The streptavidin–biotin system has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular details of ligand dissociation pathways. An underlying mechanistic question is whether ligand dissociation proceeds with a relatively ordered process of bond breaking and ligand escape. Here we report a joint computational and crystallographic study of the earliest events in biotin dissociation. In molecular dynamics potential of mean force simulations, a water molecule from a defined access channel intercalated into the hydrogen bond between Asp 128 and biotin, bridging them and stabilizing an intermediate state. In forced biotin dissociation simulations, this event led to subsequent bond breaking steps and ligand escape. In equilibrium simulations, the water molecule was sometimes observed to move back to the access channel with re-formation of the biotin hydrogen bond. Analysis of streptavidin crystal structures revealed a close overlap of crystallographically defined and simulated waters in the water access channel. These results suggest that biotin dissociation is initiated by stochastic coupling of water entry with lengthening of a specific biotin hydrogen-bonding interaction.
Digital clubbing: finally, a gene

Mutations in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Uppal et al. (2008) Nature Genetics 40 (6): 789–793
Culture as a Determinant of Crime: An Alternative Perspective

Traditional cultural theories of crime have often overlooked the effects of environmental factors and their impact on human behavior. As such, the present research observes the effects of culture on dictating a society’s vulnerability to particular types of crime. In analyzing truck theft in various regions of the United States in relation to the proportions of trucks registered in these areas, suggestions are made regarding the ability of culture to determine criminality. Data collected from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and National Highway Administration generally suggest that truck theft is more likely to occur in Western and Southern regions of the country, areas where trucks are recognized as ingrained artifacts of their respective cultures.
Palivizumab prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus disease from 1998 to 2002: results from four years of palivizumab usage.

Objectives. In 1998 the Food and Drug Administration approved palivizumab (Synagis) for the prevention of severe lower respiratory tract infection secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in pediatric patients at high risk for developing disease that required hospitalization. In the immediate aftermath of that approval, two retrospective reviews were conducted on 4669 medical records of patients who received at least 1 dose of palivizumab during the 1998 to 1999 and 1999 to 2000 RSV seasons, respectively. These analyses captured data on rates of RSV hospitalization, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission and compliance with palivizumab administration. Two prospective US multicenter registry trials followed, during the RSV seasons of 2000 to 2001 and 2001 to 2002. The registries characterized the demographics and outcomes of a total of 7207 high risk infants and children who received prophylaxis for RSV, the risk factors for RSV hospitalization and the patterns and scope of palivizumab usage across 63 and 116 US health care sites, respectively. 1998 to 1999 palivizumab first season of general use. Nine US study sites engaged in a retrospective chart review of infants and children with a gestational age of ≤35 weeks and a chronologic age of 35 weeks. For the 2049 subjects with available follow-up data, the overall confirmed RSV hospitalization rate was 2.9%. Palivizumab Outcomes Registry: 2001 to 2002. Between June 1, 2001 and May 15, 2002, 116 health care centers across the US enrolled 5091 infants in the second prospective Palivizumab Outcomes Registry.
Structure of specialization among American population scientists.

Studies of journal citation patterns suggest that specialty areas within disciplines may be the most appro priate structural units for understanding the social organization of science. Citation studies necessarily are limited to scientists who publish, however, and studies of all members of particular disciplines would provide more general specialty structure data. Accordingly, this research applied factor analytic procedures previously used in studies of the structure of specialization among psychologists to all members of the Population Association of America. Four principal components derived from the self-designated specialties of these population scientist were rotated to a final solution by the varimax procedure and were interpreted as measuring, respectively,Social Emphasis, Geographic Emphasis, Formal Emphasis, andEpidemiological Emphasis. These results partially confirm the distinction sometimes made by population scientists between social demography and formal demography, but suggest this typology is incomplete. The results also illustrate techniques that could provide a useful alternative to citation analysis for researchers studying specialty structures in other disciplines.
Fluorescent analog cytochemistry

Abstract Functional molecules or organelles, covalently labeled with fluorescent probes, can be re-incorporated into living cells where they reveal native molecular activity in a wide variety of cellular processes.
Higher Education in Partnership with the Industrial Sector: The Necessity to Employ Off-the-Job Training Systems.

Many American and European researchers have studied the reasons for the success of Japan's economy after the end of the Second World War. One of the contributory factors to economic expansion is clearly the educational training systems used by Japanese companies. Accordingly, a number of foreign as well as Japanese researchers have focused on these manpower and training systems. Recently, the Japanese government has issued ‘Immediate Policies and Guidelines for the Implementation of Educational Reform’ (Ministry of Education 1990: 244). In this reform plan, the Ministry of Education announced the necessity to promote the improvement, enhancement and diversification of graduate schools. Reflecting this policy, some new and unique Japanese graduate programmes designed for businessmen and other programmes in partnership with industry have emerged. In this new era, the issue of educational training systems beyond conventional company training has become critical for the development and survival of Japanese co...
A comparison of bee bread made by Africanized and European honey bees (Apis mellifera) and its effects on hemolymph protein titers

The influence of genotype on the conversion of pollen to bee bread and on the protein titers of bees feeding on it was examined using European and Africanized honey bees (EHB and AHB). Bee bread was more acidic than the pollen, and that made by EHB was slightly more acidic than AHB. Protein concentration in bee bread was similar for both subspecies and lower than in the pollen. In general, amino acid concentrations were higher in bee bread compared with pollen. The only exception was tryptophan. Concentrations of most amino acids in bee bread made by either EHB or AHB were similar. Both subspecies consumed more bee bread made by AHB than EHB. EHB and AHB consumed similar amounts of each type of bee bread, but protein concentrations in AHB were higher than in EHB. Differences in protein acquisition between AHB and EHB might reflect environmental adaptations related to the geographic region where each evolved and could contribute to the successful establishment of AHB populations in the New World.
Estradiol binding and metabolism in human endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma.

Abstract The levels of estradiol receptors (E 2 R), estimated from the amounts of E 2 tightly bound to nuclei after incubation of tissue with excess [ 3 H]-E 2 , were high in normal proliferative endometrium and postmenopausal hyperplasia. Postmenopausal adenocarcinoma, well- or poorly-differentiated, showed lower levels in untreated patients and higher in patients who had taken Premarin. Significantly lower values were found in normal secretory endometrium and premenopausal adenocarcinoma, likely due to progestational effects. A decline in E 2 R levels was seen after administration of Provera to postmenopausal patients with endometrial cancer. The E 2 17β dehydrogenase (E 2 DH) activities, estimated from the rate of conversion of [ 3 H]-E 2 to [ 3 H]-estrone under substrate and NAD saturating conditions, were low in all specimens of hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium from postmenopausal patients. These levels correspond to those of normal proliferative or postmenopausal tissue. Higher levels, typical of normal secretory endometrium, were found in the premenopausal, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma analyzed. Provera treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma increased the levels of E 2 DH. The E 2 R and E 2 DH levels observed in patients with endometrial cancer can be explained on the basis of the hormonal environment of the tissue at the time of sampling (e.g., relative proportion of E 2 and progesterone) without postulating drastically altered binding and metabolism of E 2 in abnormal endometrium.
Statecraft, Social Policy, and Governance in Latin America

This article develops an analytical framework designed to examine social policy as a strategic approach to issues of state-society relations and the problem of governance in Latin America. It argues that in Latin America and particularly Brazil social protection policy flowed from initiating capacity concentrated originally in the state, and specifically in a techno-bureaucratic elite connected to a strong executive. The policy, however, produced structures wherein initiative capacity was dispersed into a multiple of intermediate points at the nexus between the state and civil society. This in turn led to an immobilized dissipation of initiative cizpacity in this specific policy area which was symptomatic of, and reinforcing to, a generalized immobilism or power implosion that periodically has gripped these sociopolitical formations, producing shifts from formally democratic to authoritarian regimes and vice versa.
A computer architecture and its programming language

Computer architectures and programming languages are traditionally developed independently. Through suitable computer architecture, for instance, one can attempt to speed up the processing of a stream of data and instructions, leaving to the software the burden of preparing these streams. Through a suitable programming language, one aims at efficiently describing many classes of problems, in a phrase-structure form that is machine independent. This approach has led to the ever-increasing application of computers, but it has also brought about a growing complexity in the software systems. As a consequence of the latter, there is a new trend toward extending hardware implementation to replace the software ones, especially in view of the new technology of large scale integration.
Left Thoracotomy for Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Procedures

This paper describes our experience in performing saphenous vein bypass grafts to the circumflex coronary artery system with a left thoracotomy in 9 patients. Illustrative case reports demonstrate the spectrum of patients for whom this approach has been useful. The advantage of this technique is that it allows the surgeon to avoid the adhesions that make a redo sternotomy time-consuming and potentially dangerous when previously patent saphenous vein or internal mammary grafts are present. It is particularly useful for patients requiring grafting to the circumflex coronary artery system, especially if the patient is in relatively unstable condition and would benefit from rapid institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. The technique generally employs cannulation of the descending thoracic aorta for arterial inflow and of the main pulmonary artery for venous return. Usually the proximal end of the graft is easily placed to the left subclavian artery. Coronary anastomosis is performed on the cold (15 degrees C), fibrillating heart, and aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegic arrest have not been necessary. Venting is possible through the left atrial appendage should any rise in filling pressures occur. Saphenous vein or internal mammary artery may be used. All patients undergoing this technique have had expeditious discharge from the hospital and excellent relief of symptoms. The technique is an alternative to median sternotomy for properly selected patients.
Second-best pricing with upstream distortions

Abstract Optimal pricing by a public firm facing an upstream monopolist and monopsonist is compared with the first-best rule, itself a modified Ramsey formula. Deviations from marginal cost are larger and occur even in the absence of a budget constraint.
Connected Barrier Coverage on a Narrow Band: Analysis and Deployment

Barrier coverage indicates the capability of a deployed wireless sensor network to detect intruders crossing the sensing field, and it has been widely studied in recent years. Most of the existing works are asymptotic and focusing on the critical conditions (sensor density, sensing radius, etc.) to achieve barrier coverage. However these results are not very useful in practice since the sensing field generally has finite region. Also, the critical conditions may not be adequate for making deployment decisions if sensor cost and deployment cost are taken into consideration. In this paper we analyze the probability of achieving connected barrier coverage on a finite narrow band while sensors with given sensing/communicating radius are randomly deployed with given density. Moreover, we apply our analytical result and propose a cost efficient deployment strategy that uses minimal number of sensors to achieve connected barrier coverage within at most k iterations. Both the correctness of the analysis and the performance of the proposed deployment strategy are evaluated via simulations.
Heat Loss to the Interior of a Free Burning Vertical Wall and its Influence on Estimation of Effective Heat of Gasification

Abstract Conduction heat transfer into a vertical free burning slab was measured as a function of time and distance from the leading edge, and its contribution to the known values of effective heat of gasification was analyzed. The present set of experiments was performed using clear and black PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) samples. The heat conduction into the pyrolyzing surface was deduced from temperature measurements in the interior of burning slabs. The surface conduction heat flux decreased from 14 kW/m2 for clear PMMA and 13kW/m for black PMMA at t = 300s to almost 8kW/m2 at around l = 1000s and then reached a plateau, indicating a substantial degree of unsteadiness in the early part of combustion of slabs. It is concluded that, when estimating burning rates in numerical calculations one has to be careful in selecting a value for the effective heat of gasification because of the generally unsteady nature of heat conduction into the solid interior.
Business Library Web Sites Revisited: An Updated Review of the Organization and Content of Academic Business Library Web Sites

This article updates the findings from a study by Hal Kirkwood in 2000 of the organization and content of academic business library Web sites. The authors examined 75 sites, focusing on five general aspects of the sites: organization, terminology, instructional elements, integration of resources across formats, and annotations. Results of the study show that business library Websites have dramatically improved in the 7 years since the original study.
A fast, source-synchronous ring-based network-on-chip design

Most network-on-chip (NoC) architectures are based on a mesh-based interconnection structure. In this paper, we present a new NoC architecture, which relies on source synchronous data transfer over a ring. The source synchronous ring data is clocked by a resonant clock, which operates significantly faster than individual processors that are served by the ring. This allows us to significantly improve the cross section bandwidth and the latency of the NoC. We have validated the design using a 22nm predictive process. Compared to the state-of-the-art mesh based NoC, our scheme achieves a 4.5× better bandwidth, 7.4× better contention free latency with 11% lower area and 35% lower power.
Management accounting: this century and beyond

Abstract The focus of cost management should be on decisions. The management accounting system has two simultaneous missions: (1) transmission of information to help reach wise economic decisions; and (2) motivation of users toward organizational goals. Three noteworthy developments in management accounting during the past 30 years have been: (1) emphasis on contribution reporting: (2) zero-base budgeting; and (3) activity-based costing (ABC). ABC has several welcome and unwelcome influences on cost accounting systems. The search for cost accounting systems that better link causes and effects is unending. Cost-benefit trade-offs between desires for simplicity and elaborate systems are dominant considerations.
Evidence for reduction of bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs by release of nitric oxide.

Abstract 1. In this study the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on the bronchoconstriction induced by bradykinin in anaesthetized and artifically ventilated guinea-pigs pretreated with atropine was investigated. 2. Aerosol administration of bradykinin (0.1-1 mM, 40 breaths) caused a dose-dependent increase in lung resistance (RL): maximum increase in RL was 2.5 fold the baseline value. Pretreatment with aerosolized NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (1 mM, 10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min), NO synthase inhibitors, markedly increased the bronchoconstrictor response to bradykinin. L-Arginine, but not D-arginine, (3 mM, 10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min) reversed the hyperresponsiveness to aerosolized bradykinin caused by L-NAME and L-NMMA. 3. L-NAME (1 mM, 10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min) increased the bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous bradykinin (1-10 nmol kg-1). L-Arginine, but not D-arginine, (10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min) reversed the hyperresponsiveness to intravenous bradykinin caused by L-NAME. 4. The increase in RL induced by capsaicin, either aerosol (10 microM, 10 breaths) or i.v. (20 nmol kg-1) was not affected by L-NAME (1 mM, 10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min). Acute resection of the vagi did not affect the bronchoconstriction evoked by bradykinin in guinea-pigs, either in the absence or presence of L-NAME (1 mM, 10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression profile of carbonic anhydrases in articular cartilage

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), which catalyze the reversible reaction of carbonate hydration, are important for cartilage homeostasis. The full spectrum of CA activity of all 13 isoenzymes in articular cartilage is unknown. This study quantified the mRNA profile of CAs in rat articular cartilage, using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Among the 13 functional CAs, CAs II, III, Vb, IX, XII and XIII were significantly expressed at mRNA level by the chondrocytes in articular cartilage. To verify these significantly expressed CAs in articular cartilage at protein level, immunohistochemistry was performed. While CAs III, Vb and XII distributed in the full-thickness of cartilage, including the calcified zone of cartilage, CA II was mainly localized in the proliferative zone of cartilage. CA IX was limited in the superficial zone of cartilage and CA XIII expressed in the superficial and partially mid zone. These results provide a framework for understanding individual CAs as well as the integrated CA family in cartilage biology, including matrix mineralization.
Gender Diversity in Indonesia: Sexuality, Islam and Queer Selves

SHARYN GRAHAM DAVIES. Gender Diversity in Indonesia: Sexuality, Islam and Queer Selves . Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2010. 257 pp. US$148.00, hardcover; US$42.95, paper. Indonesia has been the si...
When the wheels on the bus go round: social interactions on the school bus

Children’s social interactions are often dependent upon the setting or context in which they occur. The current study explored the school bus as a unique context for social interaction. One hundred and fifty-seven elementary school students (78 males and 79 females), in grades 3, 4, and 5, completed a questionnaire concerning the rate and types of prosocial and aggressive behaviors that occur on the school bus ride. Overall, findings indicated that students were prosocial more often on the school bus than they were aggressive. Regarding the types of social behaviors, differences found in the current study were distinctive. Participants mentioned non-traditionally studied prosocial behaviors (e.g., companionship and benevolence) more often than traditionally studied behaviors (e.g., sharing and helping). In addition, participants mentioned physical aggression more often among their female peers than among their male peers. This study reveals the importance of context in understanding children’s social behaviors. It is concluded that the present results have important implications for the school bus context and for future research on children’s social interactions.
Clinical evaluation of a right-sided prophylactic gastropexy via a grid approach.

A new technique is described for a prophylactic incisional gastropexy via a right-sided grid approach (i.e., minilaparotomy). A pilot study showed comparable tensile strength between a traditional ventral midline approach and the grid approach. Six client-owned dogs were selected for the procedure. Four weeks postoperatively, a barium gastrogram was performed to assess stomach/gastropexy position. Complications included a seroma and postoperative discomfort. This technique should be considered for any at-risk breed that is not overweight. The right-sided grid approach to a prophylactic gastropexy was less invasive than a ventral midline approach and resulted in a stable gastropexy at 4 weeks postoperatively in five of six dogs.
On: “Higher order autospectra by maximum entropy method” by R. O. Plaisted and H. G. Peña (GEOPHYSICS, 48, 1409–1410, October, 1983)

As stated in the short note by R. O. Plaisted and H. G. Pena, they derived what they believed to be “a maximum entropy (MEM) representation for bispectra” and they claimed that their result “can be generalized to an Nth‐order MEM auto‐spectrum.” The purpose of this discussion is to point out the faults in the derivation and show that the claim of MEM is not correct. Furthermore, the parametric representation of the bispectrum that the authors actually attempted to derive is not new but can be found elsewhere (Huber et al., 1971). Plaisted and Pena stated that the random variables {et} in their equation (1) can be assumed generally to be normally distributed with zero mean and variance σe2. This is a serious mistake. With this assumption the third‐order moment sequence of the {xt} process given by their equation (3) vanishes, i.e., γk,l≡0 for all (k, l) and therefore the bispectrum of {xt} is identical to zero. The random variables {et} in their equation (1) and hence {xt} have to be non‐Gaussian for the b...
Extension of Drosophila melanogaster life span with a GPCR peptide inhibitor.

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate signaling from extracellular ligands to intracellular signal transduction proteins. Methuselah (Mth) is a class B (secretin-like) GPCR, a family typified by their large, ligand-binding, N-terminal extracellular domains. Downregulation of mth increases the life span of Drosophila melanogaster; inhibitors of Mth signaling should therefore enhance longevity. We used mRNA display selection to identify high-affinity (K_d = 15 to 30 nM) peptide ligands that bind to the N-terminal ectodomain of Mth. The selected peptides are potent antagonists of Mth signaling, and structural studies suggest that they perturb the interface between the Mth ecto- and transmembrane domains. Flies constitutively expressing a Mth antagonist peptide have a robust life span extension, which suggests that the peptides inhibit Mth signaling in vivo. Our work thus provides new life span–extending ligands for a metazoan and a general approach for the design of modulators of this important class of GPCRs.
Filler crosslinking by diisocyanate in a starch xanthide‐reinforced elastomer

Starch xanthide is an effective reinforcing agent for vulcanized elastomers. On prolonged exposure to water, however, the effectiveness of the starch xanthide as a reinforcing agent is greatly reduced. The xanthide crosslink density is too low to prevent plasticization of the filler by water. The introduction of additional crosslinks into the filler by treatment with diisocyanates increases the modulus of the filler, significantly improving the physical properties both of the dry vulcanizate and of the vulcanizate after a 70-hr water immersion test. Studies, which included the use of model systems, showed that the diisocyanates crosslinked the starch filler and did not introduce starch–rubber or rubber–rubber crosslinks. Several diisocyanates worked satisfactorily in the final vulcanizate.
The profile of bile acids and their sulfate metabolites in human urine and serum

The role of sulfation in ameliorating the hepatotoxicity of bile acids (BAs) in humans remains unknown due to the lack of proper analytical methods to quantify individual BAs and their sulfate metabolites in biological tissues and fluids. To this end, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to characterize the detailed BA profile in human urine and serum. The limit of quantification was 1ng/mL and baseline separation of all analytes was achieved within in a run time of 32min. The method was validated over the dynamic range of 1-1000ng/mL. The LC-MS/MS method was more accurate, precise, and selective than the commercially available kits for the quantification of sulfated and unsulfated BAs, and the indirect quantification of individual sulfated BAs after solvolysis. The LC-MS/MS method was applied to characterize the BA profile in urine and serum of healthy subjects. Thirty three percent of serum BAs were sulfated, whereas 89% of urinary BAs existed in the sulfate form, indicating the role of sulfation in enhancing the urinary excretion of BAs. The percentage of sulfation of individual BAs increased with the decrease in the number of hydroxyl groups indicating the role of sulfation in the detoxification of the more hydrophobic and toxic BA species. Eighty percent of urinary BAs and 55% of serum BAs were present in the glycine-amidated form, whereas 8% of urinary BAs and 13% of serum BAs existed in the taurine-amidated form.
3'-Aminoadenosine-5'-uronamides: discovery of the first highly selective agonist at the human adenosine A3 receptor.

Selective adenosine A3 agonists have potential utility for the prevention of perioperative myocardial ischemic injury. Herein, we report on the discovery and synthesis of compound 7. This amino nucleoside agonist possesses unprecedented levels of selectivity for the human adenosine A3 receptor.
Reactions to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards in protein-malnourished monkeys.

10 rhesus monkeys were tested on a 12-part puzzle manipulation apparatus. 6 of 10 Ss were maintained on a protein-deficient diet containing 3.5% casein by weight, while the remaining 4 Ss received a high-protein diet containing 25% casein by weight. The high-protein animals had an elevated manipulation rate as compared with low-protein fed Ss when the only source of reinforcement was the manipulation of the puzzles (intrinsic reward). However, when food (extrinsic reward) was introduced the low-protein fed Ss manipulated at a level equal to or greater than the high-protein fed animals. Introduction of 100% and partial reinforcement conditions showed manipulation rates to be relatively consistent between the two groups. Extinction conditions, however, showed a significant difference between the high- and low-protein fed animals after partial reinforcement. With the removal of the food reward the low-protein fed animals exhibited a much more rapid reduction of manipulatory activity than the high-protein fed...
Kinetic-transport models and the design of catalysts and reactors for the oxidative coupling of methane

The design of catalytic pellets and reactors using detailed kinetic-transport models is illustrated for the oxidative coupling of methane to form ethane and ethylene. Oxygen sieving within diffusion-limited pellets and staged oxygen injection reactors increase C2 selectivity by inhibiting full oxidation homogeneous pathways that lead to CO and CO2 products. Our simulations suggest that high densities of surface sites with kinetics that depend weakly on oxygen concentration are required to benefit from oxygen-sieving catalyst and reactor schemes. These sites favor beneficial surface activation processes even at the low oxygen concentrations present within staged injection reactors and diffusion-limited pellets. Controlled introduction of stoichiometric oxygen reactants leads to C2 yields as high as 50%; the reactions, however, occur at much slower rates and require much greater reactor volumes than in conventional cofeed reactors.