cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large fungating basal cell carcinoma of the dorsum of the foot: A case report.

We report a rare presentation of a large, fungating basal cell carcinoma on the dorsum of the foot. Management involved surgical excision with careful planning, with integration of reconstructive techniques to preserve function and cosmesis while accomplishing the required oncologic resection. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer, classically presenting on areas of maximal sun exposure, such as the face. Presentation of this type of cancer in a location such as the dorsum of the foot is exceedingly rare. It is important to be cognizant of this unique presentation, and the associated steps of treatment to preserve function and cosmesis, while optimizing oncologic outcome.
Combined Osteotomy and Osteoplasty for Healed Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) Deformity

Healed deformity of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is known to be associated with acetabular labral and chondral pathology that results in early osteoarthritis of the hip. Furthermore, the metaphyseal bump in addition to proximal femoral anatomy can cause alterations in range of motion of the hip that precludes participation in various activities including some activities of daily living. While mild slips can be treated effectively with a femoral head-neck junction reshaping, moderate to severe deformities require treatment of both the metaphyseal bump (cam lesion) and a proximal femoral intertrochanteric/subtrochanteric osteotomy to further eliminate femoroacetabular impingement and provide a more functional range of motion.
Impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the survival of patients with cancer: DNR before or after cardiac arrest?

71Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest in cancer patients is associated with lower survival rates when compared to non-cancer patients. The quality of life of those who survive after CPR to be discharged is often diminished. Among these patients there is a high likelihood of changing their code status to DNR. Methods: Our study determines the overall survival rate, the survival to discharge rate, and the DNR change rate postcode among cancer patients who underwent CPR in our cancer center. Data was analyzed retrospectively from electronic records of cancer patients who had cardiac arrest and underwent CPR between April 2017 and March 2018 at a tertiary cancer center. The end points included the overall survival immediately after CPR, the survival rate at 24h, the survival to discharge rate, and the DNR change rate postcode. Results: Between 2017 and 2018, a total of 396 codes were registered in cancer patients in our center, out of which 53% had cardiopulmonary arrest as tr...
Biology, biography, and the translational gap.

Medicine-based evidence integrates a patient’s biology and biography to improve individual medical care and to help eliminate the translational gap between research and the clinic.
Relationship between Ethane and Ethylene Diffusion inside ZIF-11 Crystals Confined in Polymers to Form Mixed-Matrix Membranes.

Abstract Self-diffusivities of ethane were measured by multinuclear pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR inside zeolitic imidazolate framework-11 (ZIF-11) crystals dispersed in several selected polymers to form mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). These diffusivities were compared with the corresponding intracrystalline self-diffusivities in ZIF-11 crystal beds. It was observed that the confinement of ZIF-11 crystals in ZIF-11/Torlon MMM can lead to a decrease in the ethane intracrystalline self-diffusivity. Such diffusivity decrease was observed at different temperatures used in this work. PFG NMR measurements of the temperature dependence of the intracrystalline self-diffusivity of ethylene in the same ZIF-11/Torlon MMM revealed similar diffusivity decrease as well as an increase in the diffusion activation energy in comparison to those in unconfined ZIF-11 crystals in a crystal bed. These observations for ethane and ethylene were attributed to the reduction of the flexibility of the ZIF-11 framework due to the confinement in Torlon leading to a smaller effective aperture size of ZIF-11 crystals. Surprisingly, the intra-ZIF diffusion selectivity for ethane and ethylene was not changed appreciably by the confinement of ZIF-11 crystals in Torlon in comparison to the selectivity in a bed of ZIF-11 crystals. No ZIF-11 confinement effects leading to a reduction in the intracrystalline self-diffusivity of ethane and ethylene were observed for the other two studied MMM systems: ZIF-11/Matrimid and ZIF-11/6FDA-DAM. The absence of the confinement effect in the latter MMMs can be related to the lower values of the polymer bulk modulus in these MMMs in comparison to that in ZIF-11/Torlon MMM. In addition, there may be a contribution from possible differences in the ZIF-11/polymer adhesion in different MMM types.
Co-speech laughter in a conversational speech task

Laughter plays a role in the natural flow of conversation. This study examines four dyads participating in a semi-structured collaborative conversational speech task to assess the effects of participant role—listener versus speaker—and the location of laughter within a speech turn on laughter distribution and duration. We hypothesize that speakers’ laughter will be more constrained than listeners’ due to its limitation to speech turn boundaries and its accommodation of a speaker’s ongoing speech planning requirements. Additionally, based on prior findings on acoustic phrase-final lengthening in speech prosody, we expect that laughter at the end of a speech turn will be longer than turn-initial or -medial laughter. Our results demonstrate substantial individual variability, with a majority of participants having longer laughter duration as listeners than as speakers, in part, we propose, due to laughter’s use as a form of backchanneling. Participants also demonstrate longer durations of turn-initial laughter than turn-final or turn-medial laughter. This unexpected result may be due to overlapping speech and laughter that is often seen at the end of speech turns. Our results suggest that the patterning of laughter with respect to speech turns may help structure interactive speech discourse. [Work supported by NIH.]
Weight management program for first responders: Feasibility study and lessons learned.

Background Overweight and obesity are significant concerns for first responders (firefighters and emergency medical service providers). Objective This pilot study examines the feasibility of a weight loss program for career first responders. Methods Participants were career first responders with BMI≥30 and interest in losing weight. Baseline height, weight, and body composition using dual x-ray absorptiometry, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a Functional Movement Screen (FMS) with follow-up weight and body composition were assessed. A 10-week weight loss program used evidence-based lifestyle goals (encouraged increasing activity levels, using tailored calorie goals, following the DASH diet, tracking with a phone app) and weekly in-person sessions with a student coach-in-training who reviewed weight and tracking information. Results Participants (N = 10) were 39.0±9.9 years old with a BMI of 35.6±4.7 kg/m2. There were significant reductions in weight -4.8±2.3 kg and percent body fat -3.9±1.7%. All participants had a PSQI score >5 indicating poor quality of sleep. Nine participants had FMS scores ≤14 indicating increased risk of injury. Conclusion The use of commercially available apps with support from a student coach-in-training and evidence-based weight loss recommendations is a feasible approach to support career firefighters in their weight loss efforts.
Cognitive Enhancement and Network Effects: how Individual Prosperity Depends on Group Traits

A central debate in bioethics is whether parents should try to influence the genetic basis of their children’s traits. We argue that the case for using mate selection, embryo selection, and other interventions to enhance heritable traits like intelligence is strengthened by the fact that they seem to have positive network effects. These network effects include increased cooperation in collective action problems, which contributes to social trust and prosperity. We begin with an overview of evidence for these claims, and then argue that if individual welfare is largely a function of group traits, parents should try to preserve or enhance cognitive traits that have positive network effects.
Variation in Meat Quality Characteristics of Whitetail Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) in Ohio

ObjectivesConsumption of venison from whitetail deer is increasing. However, due to certain hunting practices including improper exsanguination from marksmanship failures, inadequate postmortem temperature decline, and unhygienic conditions in the designated hunting areas, there is a potential for meat quality issues in venison. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to survey venison meat quality to provide characterization data for our meat processing partners from animals harvested during firearm season.Materials and MethodsWhole, boneless shoulders from 41 whitetail deer harvested from November 2015 to January 2016 were obtained from three separate venison processors. Shoulders were ground and a portion was frozen at –80°C for biochemical testing of pH, muscle pigment (myoglobin and hemoglobin) concentration, lactate, residual carbohydrate (glycogen + glucose + glucose 6-phosphate), and glycolytic potential. The remainder of the raw venison was mixed with a 15% NaCl solution at a 10:1 ratio (wt./vol.), formed into 70 g patties, vacuum sealed, and frozen at –20°C. After thawing overnight at 4°C, the patties were allowed to bloom at room temperature for 10 min and analyzed for Minolta color (L*, a*, and b*) and thaw loss. The patties were then cooked until an internal temperature of 71°C was achieved (∼2.5 min) and cooking loss, shrinkage, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined. Data are reported as mean ± SE with the minimum and maximum values from each analysis.ResultsIn general, venison meat quality varied dramatically (Table 1). Of the 41 samples, 15% (6/41) were classified as dark cutters (ultimate pH ≥ 6.0). The high prevalence of dark cutters could be due to antemortem stress and/or limited exsanguination allowing lactate transport out of the muscle prior to death. Despite a high degree of variability, ultimate pH was correlated to a number of biochemical and quality characteristics. The meat pH was negatively correlated with lactate (R2 = 0.51; P < 0.0001), residual carbohydrate (R2 = 0.28; P = 0.0002), and glycolytic potential (R2 = 0.37; P < 0.0001). The meat pH was also positively correlated with a* (R2 = 0.22; P = 0.0012) which suggests that pH affects meat color in whitetail deer which is consistent with other species.Table 1Fresh meat quality characteristics of whitetail deerMeasurementMinMaxMean ± SEpH5.586.425.81 ± 0.020Lactate, μmol/g32.6064.7049.40 ± 1.20Residual carbohydrate, μmol/g3.5078.3035.80 ± 3.00Glycolytic potential42.60210.90121.00 ± 6.60Muscle pigment, mg/g7.5014.9010.80 ± 0.30Lightness, L*31.7242.9536.22 ± 0.39Redness, a*8.4216.9011.70 ± 0.35Yellowness, b*3.058.665.75 ± 0.22Thaw loss, %0.253.861.45 ± 0.15Cooking loss, %8.4230.4921.47 ± 0.74Shrinkage, %5.1026.9012.4 ± 0.60WBSF, kg0.892.651.53 ± 0.07ConclusionThese data indicate that venison meat quality from whitetail deer harvested during firearm season in Ohio is highly variable.
Towards electrically pumped topological insulator lasers (Conference Presentation)

This Conference Presentation, Towards electrically pumped topological insulator lasers was recorded at Photonics West 2020 held in San Francisco, California, United States.
How to Become a Protein Crystallographer in a Nanoscience Lab

Download : Download high-res image (240KB) Download : Download full-size image Peter H. Winegar obtained his BS in chemistry at Michigan Technological University in 2017 under the mentorship of Prof. Loredana Valenzano. Currently, he is a PhD candidate in chemistry at Northwestern University and is advised by Prof. Chad A. Mirkin. Peter’s current research includes the directed crystallization and oligomerization of proteins using DNA interactions. He serves on the board of Northwestern’s Phi Lambda Upsilon Chemistry Honor Society and participates in science outreach to elementary students through Northwestern’s Science in the Classroom program.
Transspinal stimulation downregulates activity of flexor locomotor networks during walking in humans.

Abstract The objective of this study was to establish the effects of transspinal stimulation on short-latency tibialis anterior (TA) flexion reflex during walking in healthy humans. Single pulse transspinal stimulation was delivered at a conditioning-test (C-T) interval either after (~20 ms) or simultaneously with the last pulse of the pulse train (0 ms) delivered to the medial arch of the right foot. Transspinal stimulation was delivered at sub- and supra-threshold intensities of the spinally-mediated TA transspinal evoked potential. Stimulation was delivered randomly at different phases of the step cycle, based on the foot switch threshold signal, which was divided into 16 equal bins. The TA flexion reflex facilitation under control conditions occurred at heel contact and then progressively from late stance phase reaching its peak at early and late swing phases. Transspinal stimulation at a negative and suprathreshold 0 ms C-T interval depressed flexion reflex excitability at all phases of the step cycle. The short-latency TA flexion reflex depression was possibly mediated through spinal inhibitory interneurons acting at both pre- and post- motoneuronal sites or by transspinal stimulation affecting directly the activity of the flexor half spinal center. These results reveal direct actions of transspinal stimulation on human spinal locomotor networks.
Private Health Insurance Coverage Among Same-Sex Couples After Obergefell v. Hodges

Purpose: We aimed to characterize couple-level private insurance coverage among same-sex and different-sex couples before and after the Obergefell v. Hodges (OvH) decision legalizing same-sex marri...
Molecular functions of conserved developmentally-regulated GTP-binding protein drg1 in translation

Developmentally-regulated GTP-binding (Drg) proteins are important for embryonic development, cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite their highly conserved nature, the functions of Drg proteins in translation are unknown. Here, we demonstrate the yeast Drg ortholog, Rbg1, alleviates ribosome pausing at Arginine/Lysine-rich regions in mRNAs, and mainly targets genes related to ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and non-coding RNA processing pathways. Furthermore, we reveal the global architecture of the ribosome and the molecular interactions involved when Rbg1 and its binding partner, Tma46, associate with the ribosome using biochemistry and single particle reconstruction using cryoEM. Our data show that Rbg1/Tma46 associate with the larger subunit of ribosome via the N-terminal zinc finger domain in Tma46, and that the protein complex helps to enrich translating ribosomes in the post-peptidyl transfer state, after peptide-bond formation, but before elongation factor binding and tRNA translocation. Based on our results and the conserved nature of Drg proteins, broader functions of the Drg proteins in the protein synthesis and quality control pathways of eukaryotic cells are proposed.
Endovascular Rescue of Sheath Perforation During Inferior Vena Cava Filter Retrieval.

Introduction Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrieval is generally a straightforward procedure but can be challenging with unique complications. A technique used for endovascular rescue of a patient where sheath perforation by the IVC filter occurred during IVC filter retrieval is described. Report A 75 year old man underwent retrieval of an IVC filter that had been in place for 10 months. Using the IVC filter retrieval set from a standard right internal jugular vein approach and the loop–snare technique, the hook and collet were captured, and the filter was collapsed into the retrieval sheath. Approximately halfway through removal of the filter through the sheath, mild resistance was encountered and the tip of the IVC filter was found to have perforated the side of the retrieval sheath. The sheath appeared to have bent slightly in this region, probably weakening the sheath wall and creating angulation, which allowed sheath perforation to occur. From a right common femoral vein approach, an Amplatz wire was used to cannulate the distal end of the perforated sheath. A balloon was then used to pull the perforated sheath with the IVC filter into a larger sheath. After removing the Tuohy-Borst and Luer adapters on the perforated sheath, it was able to be internalised and removed via the femoral vein sheath. Discussion The endovascular rescue technique described herein may prove useful to other practitioners encountering similar situations, and the complication shows areas of caution when using the loop–snare retrieval technique.
Overview of Network Effects & Platforms in Digital Markets

In this chapter, we address a number of foundational questions. What exactly are platforms? How do platforms relate to the various types of network effects? Importantly, do we need different tools to assess potential anticompetitive conduct that involves platforms? Specifically, we begin with a discussion of the various types of network effects, as these effects are integral to understanding the nature of platforms. Next, we consider platforms more from the perspective of incentives rather than an overt focus on a standardized definition. We also discuss how platforms compete, including discussions of “zero-price” markets and the associated idea of “attention” markets. Finally, we offer some guidance on some relevant economic issues to consider when assessing platform markets in the context of antitrust cases.
Computational pipeline for designing guide RNAs for mismatch-CRISPRi

Summary CRISPR interference is an increasingly popular method for perturbing gene expression. Guided by single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), nuclease-deficient Cas9 proteins bind to specific DNA sequences and hinder transcription. Specificity is achieved through complementarity of the sgRNAs to the DNA. Changing complementarity by introducing single-nucleotide mismatches can be exploited to tune knockdown. Here, we present a computational pipeline to identify sgRNAs targeting specific genes in a bacterial genome, filter them, and titrate their activity by introducing mismatches. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hawkins et al. (2020) .
Outcomes of surgically managed primary lung sarcomas: a National Cancer Database analysis.

Background Primary lung sarcoma (PLS) represents a rare form of lung cancer with outcomes that are poorly defined by small datasets. We sought to characterize clinical and pathological characteristics and associated survival within the surgically managed subgroup of these unusual pulmonary malignancies. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which was queried for cases of surgically managed PLS diagnosed between 2004-2014. Adjusted mortality was evaluated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and compared to surgically manage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from the same time period. Results A total of 695 patients with surgically managed PLS were identified with 37 different histologic subtypes. The mean age of diagnosis was 57.7 years (range, 18-90 years). A majority of patients underwent surgical resection alone (64.3%) with an estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) of 51%. The multivariable Cox model identified increasing age, Charlson-Deyo score ≥2, high tumor grade, tumor size >5 cm, positive margins, and positive lymph nodes to be associated with higher risk for mortality (P<0.05). Compared to 101,428 surgically managed patients with adenocarcinoma, PLS patients were younger with fewer comorbidities but had larger tumors, higher grade tumors, and were more likely node negative (P<0.001). Surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with worse survival than surgery alone (HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.88). The extent of parenchymal resection (lobar vs. sublobar) was not predictive for survival. Five-year OS was lower for patients with PLS (44%) than adenocarcinoma (53.6%, P<0.001). Conclusions The survival of surgically managed PLS is reasonable and impacted by tumor attributes and the completeness of surgical resection. Further study to define the role of multimodal therapy is indicated.
“The Ultimate Drive by”: Racionais MC’s, Ice Cube, and the Pursuit of Blackness

Considering that hip-hop music is the foremost contemporary artistic expression of Black lives I discuss American rapper Ice Cube’s track “I wanna Kill Sam” and Brazilian group Racionais Mc’s’s track “ Racistas otarios ”. The two tracks have in common the fact that they address the experiences of Black people through their relationship with public policies and institutions that claim to promote the emancipation of Black people in Brazil and in the USA. I, then, demonstrate that the Racionais and Ice Cube symbolically (re)dimension contemporary “Blackness” as a result of the constant physical and symbolic clashes that started back in the slavery regime.
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) reduces zebrafish mortality from influenza infection: Super-resolution microscopy reveals CPC interference with multiple protein interactions with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in immune function

The COVID-19 pandemic raises significance for a potential influenza therapeutic compound, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which has been extensively used in personal care products as a positively-charged quaternary ammonium antibacterial agent. CPC is currently in clinical trials to assess its effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity. Two published studies have provided mouse and human data indicating that CPC may alleviate influenza infection, and here we show that CPC (0.1 M, 1 hour) reduces zebrafish mortality and viral load following influenza infection. However, CPC mechanisms of action upon viral-host cell interaction are currently unknown. We have utilized super-resolution fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy to probe the mode of CPC action. Reduction in density of influenza viral protein hemagglutinin (HA) clusters is known to reduce influenza infectivity: here, we show that CPC (at non-cytotoxic doses, 5-10 {micro}M) reduces HA density and number of HA molecules per cluster within the plasma membrane of NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts. HA is known to colocalize with the negatively-charged mammalian lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2); here, we show that nanoscale co-localization of HA with the PIP2-binding Pleckstrin homology (PH) reporter in the plasma membrane is diminished by CPC. CPC also dramatically displaces the PIP2-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) from the plasma membrane of rat RBL-2H3 mast cells; this disruption of PIP2 is correlated with inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Together, these findings offer a PIP2-focused mechanism underlying CPC disruption of influenza and suggest potential pharmacological use of this drug as an influenza therapeutic to reduce global deaths from viral disease.
An estimate on the Hessian of the heat kernel

Let M be a compact, connected Riemannian manifold, and let p t (x, y) denote the fundamental solution to Cauchy initial value problem for the heat equation \(\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\frac{1}{2}\Delta u\), where Δ is the Levi-Civita Laplacian. The purpose of this note is to show that the Hessian of log p t (·, y) at x is bounded above by a constant times \(\frac{1}{t}+\frac{dist{{\left( x,y \right)}^{2}}}{{{t}^{2}}}\) for t ∈ (0, 1].
Reactivity of rabbit antiserum to guinea pig eosinophils.

Although the eosinophil has been recognized as a distinctive cell type for almost 100 years, the major functions of these cells remain unknown. As an approach to defining these functions we have treated guinea pigs with rabbit antiserum to eosinophils (AES) in an attempt to ablate these cells from tissues. Rabbits were immunized thrice with purified eosinophils and the antisera were absorbed with peripheral blood cells from guinea pigs made eosinopenic with methyprednisolone to remove antibodies reactive with serum proteins and erythrocytes. The resulting sera reacted strongly with eosinophils in cytotoxicity tests and had weak or no reactivity with neutrophils. However, absorption of AES with purified neutrophils removed anti-eosinophil activity. Intraperitoneal injection of potent AES into guinea pigs resulted in complete absence of eosinophils from the peripheral blood and from the peritoneal cavity with only transient or no reduction in circulating neutrophils. Eosinophils were also reduced in bone marrow, spleen, and intestine. The ability of neutrophils to absorb AES activity in spite of weak reactivity in cytotoxicity tests may reflect a quantitative difference in antigenic determinants between eosinophils and neutrophils.
The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System: Evolving perspectives: a historical prologue

• The wandering planets move in a narrow track against the unchanging background stars, and some of these vagabonds can suddenly turn around, apparently moving in the opposite direction before continuing on their usual course. • The ancient Greeks noticed that the Earth always casts a curved shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse, demonstrating that our planet is a sphere. • For centuries, astronomers tried to describe the observed planetary motions using uniform, circular motions with the stationary Earth at the center and with the distant celestial sphere revolving about the Earth once a day. • Around 145 AD, Claudius Ptolemy devised an intricate system of uniform motion around small and large circles to model the motions of the Sun, Moon and planets around a stationary Earth; his model was used to predict their location in the sky for more than a thousand years. • The stars seem to be revolving around the Earth each night, but the Earth is instead spinning beneath the stars. This rotation also causes the Sun to move across the sky each day. • Mikolaj Kopernik, better known as Nicolaus Copernicus, argued in 1543 that the Earth is just one of several planets that are whirling endlessly about the Sun, all moving in the same direction but at different distances from the Sun and with speeds that decrease with increasing distance. […]
The Place of Interaction Studies in Archaeological Thought

The last several decades have witnessed a renaissance of archaeological concern with the effects of intersocietal interaction on processes of sociopolitical change. This interest is so pervasive that we see within it the development of a distinct interaction “paradigm” that is focused on the domain of sociopolitical change processes (cf. Schortman and Urban 1987). By paradigm we mean a coherent system of interrelated assumptions, unresolved questions, analytical units, and criteria for evaluating research results which focus and guide study (cf. Kaplan and Manners 1972; Kuhn 1970; Trigger 1989:22). Interaction studies, in turn, refers to research founded on the notion that individual societies, or “cultures,” are not viable but depend on inputs from other societies for survival and reproduction from generation to generation (e.g., Kohl 1987, 1989). The form, structure, and changes observed within any society cannot be understood without recourse to these extraregional inputs. Finally, the “domain of sociopolitical change” is concerned with shifts in power relations usually characterized by centralization, hierarchy building, and the incorporation of diverse ethnic and occupational units within a polity or, of course, the reverse (e.g., Tainter 1988:23–24).
An in-well heat-tracer-test method for evaluating borehole flow conditions

An improved method is presented for characterizing vertical borehole flow conditions in open boreholes using in-well heat tracer tests monitored by a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system. This flow logging method uses an electrical resistance heater to warm slugs of water within bedrock boreholes and DTS monitoring of subsequent heat migration to measure borehole flow characteristics. Use of an electrical resistance heater allows for controlled test initiation, while the DTS allows for detailed monitoring of heat movement within the borehole. The method was evaluated in bedrock boreholes open to Cambrian sandstone formations in south-central Wisconsin (USA). The method was successfully used to measure upward flow, downward flow, and zero flow, and to identify changes in borehole flow rates associated with fracture flow and porous media flow. The main benefits of the DTS-monitored in-well heat tracer test method of borehole flow logging are (1) borehole flow direction and changes in borehole fluid velocity are readily apparent from a simple plot of the field data, (2) the case of zero vertical borehole flow is easily and confidently identified, and (3) the ability to monitor temperatures over the full borehole length simultaneously and in rapid succession provides detailed flow data with minimal disturbance of the borehole flow. The results of this study indicate that DTS-monitored in-well heat tracer tests are an effective method of characterizing borehole flow conditions.
VELOCITY PROFILES WITH SUSPENDED SEDIMENT

Analysis of velocity profiles plotted in defect form indicates that the Karman coefficient is independent of the amount of suspended sediment in an open channel flow. Contrary findings, based on ea...
The effects of contact pressure elevations and aseptic necrosis on the long???term outcome of congenital hip dislocation

The relationship between excessive articular contact pressure, aseptic necrosis, and the long-term outcome with unilateral congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) was studied in a series of 84 patients treated by closed reduction and followed for an average of 29.2 years. Contact stress was estimated from archived radiographs taken at the time of maturity and at several follow-up visits. At a recent review, each patient was rated both clinically for pain and function and radiographically for deformity, degeneration, and aseptic necrosis. For each of 431 archived films, articular contact stress (force/area) was estimated mathematically, based upon a frontal plane equilibrium (force) analysis and a landmark-based inference of three-dimensional head surface (area). Good correlation with final deformity (Spearman rho = 0.78) was obtained when the hips were ranked in terms of a new cumulative overpressure index Pc, defined as a time-pressure product involving years of pressure exposure beyond a 2 MPa pressure damage level. An unsatisfactory outcome occurred in 90.4% of the hips experiencing Pc greater than 10 MPa-years (most of which had aseptic necrosis involvement), whereas the outcome was satisfactory in 80.9% of hips with Pc less than 10 MPa-years.
The effects of carbon monoxide on persistent changes in young rat heart: Cardiomegaly, tachycardia and altered DNA content

Newborn rat pups that inhale 500 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) for 32 days and develop increased heart mass (i.e. cardiomegaly) show persistent cardiomegaly and elevated resting heart rate as adults. Studies were carried out to explore the relationship of these phenomena to CO concentration and initial cardiomegaly using exposures of 350, 500 and 700 ppm CO. Initial cardiomegaly was greater in the right ventricle free wall (RV) than in the left ventricle plus interventricular septum (LV+S) at all three CO concentrations, and RV mass excess increased with CO concentration. Initial RV cardiomegaly was greater at 350 and 700 ppm CO in females than in males. Persistent cardiomegaly in the RV also increased with CO concentration, and was significantly greater in the females. Persistent cardiomegaly in the RV increased with initial cardiomegaly but at a decreasing rate at the higher CO concentrations, and when expressed as a percentage of initial cardiomegaly (i.e. “efficiency”), the relative response was greatest at 500 ppm CO. For LV+S, efficiency of development of persistent cardiomegaly was greatest at 350 ppm CO. Persistent tachycardia increased with CO concentration in males but failed to do so in females, and was only weakly correlated with degree of persistent cardiomegaly. Thus, persistent cardiomegaly and persistent tachycardia (in males) are related to CO concentration. Myocardial DNA content of 32-day-old juveniles was significantly increased at 350 and 700 ppm CO. Adult DNA content of the RV was significantly elevated at 350 ppm CO (females) and continued to rise with CO concentration. DNA concentrations of the RV and LV were increased at 700 ppm CO. The case is argued that altered cardiac DNA content and concentration indicates persistent cellular-level changes (i.e. ‘cellular remodeling’), also related to CO concentration.
Reversible systemic abnormalities associated with renal cell carcinoma

A sixty-eight-year-old male was found to have renal carcinoma after seven months of constitutional symptoms. Initial study of the patient showed a puzzling array of laboratory abnormalities. These led initially to a search for gastrointestinal malignancy and then later to consideration of multiple myeloma. This case serves as a reminder of the propensity of early renal carcinoma to produce striking constitutional symptoms and marked hematologic and serum protein abnormalities. These may occur in the absence of metastases and are frequently reversible as shown in this case with resection of the primary lesion.
Variational theory of hot nucleon matter

We develop a variational theory of hot nuclear matter in neutron stars and supernovae. It can also be used to study charged, hot nuclear matter which may be produced in heavy-ion collisions. This theory is a generalization of the variational theory of cold nuclear and neutron star matter based on realistic models of nuclear forces and pair correlation operators. The present approach uses microcanonical ensembles and the variational principle obeyed by the free energy. In this paper we show that the correlated states of the microcanonical ensemble at a given temperature $T$ and density \ensuremath{\rho} can be orthonormalized preserving their diagonal matrix elements of the Hamiltonian. This allows for the minimization of the free energy without corrections from the nonorthogonality of the correlated basis states, similar to that of the ground state energy. Samples of the microcanonical ensemble can be used to study the response, and the neutrino luminosities and opacities of hot matter. We present methods to orthonormalize the correlated states that contribute to the response of hot matter.
Conversion of methionine to homocysteine thiolactone in liver.

Abstract Since hemocysteinemia is associated with arteriosclerosis, the conversion of methione to homocysteine thiolactone was studied in guinea pig liver in vivo. 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of [14C]methione, [14C]homocystein thiolactone was found to constitute 9.1% ± 0.2 of the lipid bound 14C and 20% ± 1.0 of the acid soluble 14C. This conversion is the first step of a new pathway by which the sulfur of methionine is transferred to phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate.
Provincial Life with Animals

Abstract The relationship of peasants and villagers with their animals in the premodern era is a missing chapter in the history of human-animal relations. Works on peasant culture ignore animals, and works on animals neglect their place in rural lives. This article, based on the depiction of premodern peasant and village life in hundreds of local-color novels and stories of the early nineteenth century, begins to fill in this gap in animal studies scholarship. It reveals that many of the defining boundaries between humans and animals introduced in the ideologies of modernity are fuzzy, fluid, or indeed nonexistent in premodernity, where animals are seen as subjects, companions, and, often, parts of the family.
Knowledge integration in virtual teams: the potential role of KMS

Virtual teams are becoming a preferred mechanism for harnessing, integrating, and applying knowledge that is distributed across organizations and in pockets of collaborative networks. In this article we recognize that knowledge application, among the three phases of knowledge management, has received little research attention. Paradoxically, this phase contributes most to value creation. Extending communication theory, we identify four challenges to knowledge integration in virtual team environments: constraints on transactive memory, insufficient mutual understanding, failure in sharing and retaining contextual knowledge, and inflexibility of organizational ties. We then propose knowledge management system (KMS) approaches to meet these challenges. Finally, we identify promising avenues for future research in this area.
3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine: an improved dopamine analog cytotoxic for melanoma cells in part through oxidation products inhibitory to dna polymerase.

The dopamine analog 3,4-dihydroxybenzy benzylamine (3,4 DHBA), a novel antitumor agent, was shown to inhibit directly DNA polymerase in cells of the deeply pigmented murine melanoma, S-91A, Permeabilized to nucleotides by lysolecithin. In contrast, levodopa and dopamine did not inhibit DNA polymerase in permeabilised cells in the absence of exogenous tyrosinase. Analysis using isolated DNA polymeras showed that the inhibitory activity of the ortho dihydroxy compounds was totally dependent upon enzymatic activation. The enzymatic activation of the ortho derivative 3,4-DHBA by tyrosinase results in two reactive quinone. Inhibition of DNA polymerase by activated 3,4-DHBA was shown by dialysis and kinetic studies to involve an irreversible reaction which occurs at two inhibitor interaction sites as determined by a Hill plot analysis. Double-stranded DNA protected the enzyme from inhibition by 3,4-DHBA, suggesting that the inhibitory sites are at or near the template-initiator binding site.
A dual-band phased array antenna system based on Butler Matrix network

This paper presents the novel design of a dual-band phased array antenna system based on Butler Matrix networks. To realize the dual-band operation, the proposed phased array antenna system is composed of dual-band Butler matrix networks and dual-band antenna arrays. For verification purposes, a phased array antenna based on a dual-band 4×4 Butler matrix is designed. As a result, four unique radiation beams can be generated at 5GHz and 8GHz, respectively. Both simulation and measurement results agree well with the proposed design theory.
Acousto-optic tunable filter imaging spectrometer for NASA applications: system issues

A recently developed AOTF operating in the visible, 0.4-0.8 micron bandpass is presently compared with other spectrometer designs, with a view to the advantages it may uniquely offer for prospective NASA missions. Since spectral identification is accomplished by this system through the scanning of a few spectral bands, data storage requirements for spectral image analysis can be significantly reduced. Attention is given to spectral and imaging capabilities and their applicability to defense, remote sensing, and industrial uses.
Product allocation problem for an AS/RS with multiple in-the-aisle pick positions

An automated storage/retrieval system with multiple in-the-aisle pick positions is a semi-automated case-level order fulfillment technology that is widely used in distribution centers. We study the impact of product to pick position assignments on the expected throughput for different operating policies, demand profiles, and shape factors. We develop efficient algorithms of complexity O(nlog(n)) that provide the assignment that minimizes the expected travel time. Also, for different operating policies, shape configurations, and demand curves, we explore the structure of the optimal assignment of products to pick positions and quantify the difference between using a simple, practical assignment policy versus the optimal assignment. Finally, we derive closed-form analytical travel time models by approximating the optimal assignment's expected travel time using continuous demand curves and assuming an infinite number of pick positions in the aisle. We illustrate that these continuous models work well in esti...
Detection of myocardial viability by contrast echocardiography in acute infarction predicts recovery of resting function and contractile reserve

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) performed before and early after primary coronary stenting (PCS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could predict recovery of resting left ventricular systolic function and contractile reserve. BACKGROUND Myocardial contrast echocardiography can be used to assess perfusion within the risk area before PCS and the extent of necrosis soon after PCS. METHODS In 30 patients with AMI, MCE and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed before PCS and 3 to 5 days and 4 weeks after PCS. Contractile reserve was assessed by dobutamine echocardiography at four weeks in patients with persistent severe wall-motion abnormalities. RESULTS Of segments without perfusion at 3 to 5 days, 95% had severe hypokinesis to akinesis at 4 weeks. Of segments with normal perfusion at 3 to 5 days, 90% had normal wall motion or mild hypokinesis at 4 weeks, whereas those with partial perfusion at 3 to 5 days were evenly divided between normal wall motion, hypokinesis, and akinesis. In segments with persistent severe wall-motion abnormalities at four weeks, contractile reserve was found in >80% of segments with perfusion, compared with only 10% of segments without detectable perfusion (p < 0.01). The presence of myocardial perfusion by MCE before PCS was associated with maintained or improved perfusion at 3 to 5 days and eventual recovery of resting wall motion. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial contrast echocardiography performed early after PCS provides information on the extent of infarction, and hence the likelihood for recovery of resting systolic function or contractile reserve. The presence of perfusion before PCS, from either collateral or antegrade flow, predicts the maintenance of perfusion and recovery of systolic function.
Rapid growth of large, defect-free colloidal crystals

We demonstrate controlled growth of face-centered cubic (FCC), monodisperse hard-sphere colloidal crystals by centrifugation at up to 3000g onto FCC (100) templates. Such rapid deposition rates often result in an amorphous sediment. Surprisingly, however, growth onto (100) templates results only in single crystals with few or no extended defects. By contrast, deposition onto flat, (111), or (110) templates causes rapid disordering to an amorphous sediment if the dimensionless flux (particle volume fraction × Peclet number) exceeds a critical value. This crystalline-to-amorphous crossover results from the degeneracy of possible stacking positions for these orientations. No such degeneracy exists for growth onto (100). After growth, extended defects can nucleate and grow only if the crystal exceeds a critical thickness that depends on the lattice misfit with the template spacing. The experimental observations of the density of misfit dislocations are accounted for by the Frank–van der Merwe theory, adapted for the depth-dependent variation of lattice spacing and elastic constants that results from the gravitational pressure.
Allelopathic potential of western bracken

In laboratory studies, water-soluble extracts from senescent western bracken (Pteridium aquilinum [L.] Kuhn var.pubescens Underw.) fronds reduced germination of western thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.) and delayed germination of salmonberry (R. spectabilis Pursh.), but did not affect Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco). In greenhouse studies, unincorporated western bracken litter reduced emergence of all three species but did not influence root and shoot length or dry weight. However, bracken litter incorporated into the soil reduced both shoot length and dry weight of western thimbleberry seedlings. Allelopathic interactions may explain the relative absence of woody shrubs such as western thimbleberry and salmonberry from sites dominated by western bracken.
Probabilistic structural analysis of space propulsion system LOX post

The probabilistic structural analysis program NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress; Cruse et al., 1988) is applied to characterize the dynamic loading and response of the Space Shuttle main engine (SSME) LOX post. The design and operation of the SSME are reviewed; the LOX post structure is described; and particular attention is given to the generation of composite load spectra, the finite-element model of the LOX post, and the steps in the NESSUS structural analysis. The results are presented in extensive tables and graphs, and it is shown that NESSUS correctly predicts the structural effects of changes in the temperature loading. The probabilistic approach also facilitates (1) damage assessments for a given failure model (based on gas temperature, heat-shield gap, and material properties) and (2) correlation of the gas temperature with operational parameters such as engine thrust.
Analysis of interlaboratory test results of solid particle impingement erosion

Abstract During the development of a standard method for solid particle impingement erosion testing of materials, a number of interlaboratory test comparisons were conducted. In this paper the results of four test series involving twelve laboratories in total are described. The measurements were carried out with considerable care using the gas jet type of erosion tester, involving nearly the same conditions and test parameters on two different materials, a low carbon steel and a stainless steel. The final results indicated a high degree of within-laboratory precision and a moderate degree of between-laboratory precision of erosion loss determinations. A need for standard materials was identified to control sources of measurement bias between laboratories. The principal source of random error in these studies was believed to be associated with the measurements of particle impact velocity.
Metrics on permutations useful for positive dependence

Abstract For two permutations i and j of the integers 1, …, n, a number of different metrics measuring the distance between i and j are studied in a unified fashion. Attention is focused on two new metrics and on two previously studied metrics. One of the new metrics is related to the more associated partial ordering between pairs of bivariate random vectors. Results are also given connecting these metrics to a number of previously considered partial orderings on the set of all permutations of 1, …, n where these partial orderings were used to describe when one bivariate empirical distribution function was more positively dependent than another.
Olefins from biomass feedstocks: catalytic ester decarbonylation and tandem Heck-type coupling

With the goal of avoiding the need for anhydride additives, the catalytic decarbonylation of p-nitrophenylesters of aliphatic carboxylic acids to their corresponding olefins, including commodity monomers like styrene and acrylates, has been developed. The reaction is catalyzed by palladium complexes in the absence of added ligands and is promoted by alkali/alkaline-earth metal halides. Combination of catalytic decarbonylation and Heck-type coupling with aryl esters in a single pot process demonstrates the viability of employing a carboxylic acid as a “masked olefin” in synthetic processes.