cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Ventilation for the Emergency Physician

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves oxygenation and ventilation, prevents endotracheal intubation, and decreases the mortality rate in select patients with acute respiratory failure. Although NIV is used commonly for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, there are emerging indications for its use in the emergency department. Emergency physicians must be knowledgeable regarding the indications and contraindications for NIV in emergency department patients with acute respiratory failure as well as the means of initiating it and monitoring patients who are receiving it.
The Roots of 128: A Hypothetical Documentation Strategy

Documentation strategies have been proposed as a means to respond to the problems of modern records through planned and coordinated collecting activities. The strategies are conveniently defined around some issue, activity, or area, and may be focused on a manageable topic within appropriate geographical and chronological boundaries. A documentation strategy for Route 128—the high technology phenomenon in Massachusetts—is offered here as a hypothetical case study. The proposed course of action could be used to address the problems posed by Route 128, or simulated with appropriate modifications to address other documentary problems.
Response to comment on Hempe et al. The hemoglobin glycation index identifies subpopulations with harms or benefits from intensive treatment in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1067-1074.

Drs. Riddle and Gerstein (1) suggest renaming the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) to reflect the possibility that interindividual variation in HGI in the ACCORD trial could be an artifact of how blood glucose was measured. HGI is the difference between an individual’s observed HbA1c and a predicted HbA1c derived by inserting a time-matched blood glucose measurement into a regression equation describing the linear population relationship between blood glucose and HbA1c. In our analysis of ACCORD (2), we used baseline HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to show that high HGI at baseline (i.e., HbA1c higher than predicted by FPG) was …
Correlated metals as transparent conductors

The fundamental challenge for designing transparent conductors used in photovoltaics, displays and solid-state lighting is the ideal combination of high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity. Satisfying these competing demands is commonly achieved by increasing carrier concentration in a wide-bandgap semiconductor with low effective carrier mass through heavy doping, as in the case of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). Here, an alternative design strategy for identifying high-conductivity, high-transparency metals is proposed, which relies on strong electron-electron interactions resulting in an enhancement in the carrier effective mass. This approach is experimentally verified using the correlated metals SrVO3 and CaVO3, which, despite their high carrier concentration (>2.2 × 10(22) cm(-3)), have low screened plasma energies (<1.33 eV), and demonstrate excellent performance when benchmarked against ITO. A method is outlined to rapidly identify other candidates among correlated metals, and strategies are proposed to further enhance their performance, thereby opening up new avenues to develop transparent conductors.
Detection Results of Pathogenic Bacteria of Bacterial Food Poisoning in Longgang District of Shenzhen City from 2005 to 2010

[Objective]To understand the seasonal distribution and district distribution of bacterial food poisoning,species characteristics and distribution law of pathogens in Longgang district of Shenzhen from 2005 to 2010,provide the scientific basis for controlling the susceptible sections and preventing the bacterial food poisoning.[Methods]By using national standard methods of detection of food-borne pathogens,the laboratory samples of bacterial food poisoning in Longgang district of Shenzhen from 2005 to 2010 were detected according to the test methods of WS/T9-1996,and the test results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.[Results]From 2005 to 2010,there were 45 bacterial food poisoning outbreaks in Longgang district of Shenzhen.The common pathogens included Vibrio parahaemolyticus(57.8%),Escherichia coli(11.1%),Salmonella(11.1%) and Proteus mirabilis(6.7%).Summer and autumn were the peak seasons(84.8%).The outbreaks frequently occurred in canteens(73.3%).The detection rate was the highest in excrements(69.4%).[Conclusion]The most common pathogen of bacterial food poisoning in this area was Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Knowing the occurrence regularity of bacterial food poisoning,strengthening the supervision and management of food health and making special preventative measures can effectively prevent and control the bacterial food poisoning.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF OPTIMAL NESTED GROUP-TESTING PROCEDURES

We analyze a construction for optimal nested group-testing procedures, and show that, when individuals are independently positive with probability p , the expected number of tests per positive individual, F *( p ), has, as p →0, the asymptotic behavior $$F^{\ast}(p) = \log_2 {1\over p} + \log_2 \log 2 + 2 + f\left(\log_2 {1\over p} + \log_2 \log 2\right) + O(p),$$ where $$f(z) = 4\times 2^{-2^{1-\{z\}}} - \{z\} - 1,$$ and { z }= z −⌊ z ⌋ is the fractional part of z . The function f ( z ) is a periodic function (with period 1) that exhibits small oscillations (with magnitude
The Economic Order and Religion

Having made many references to Knight’s religious attitude and discussed his ethics, it is time to delve more deeply into the religious aspects of Knight’s prophetic work. It has already been noted how his students viewed this role, but we gain a little more insight from Paul Samuelson who assigned biblical names to the key figures of his era. Samuelson explained that Knight, as the founder of the Chicago School, was Abraham, the tragic figure Henry Simon was Isaac, and Milton Friedman was Jacob (Nelson 2001, p. 114). In spite of all this religious talk, however, Knight was not writing as an avid follower of religion. At an early age he had given up his conservative religious traditions, but retained active religious worship in the Unitarian tradition. He certainly saw the church and organized religion as being a stumbling block to economic progress. At a meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947, religion was a debate raised by Hayek, inspired by the Christian opposition to Hitler in Germany. He posed the question of whether there was an opportunity to bridge the gap between Christians and liberals, to which Knight retorted “the question is whether Christians will allow us to be liberals” and “we do not discuss public issues in terms of whether they are Christian or not” (Hartwell 1995, p. 38). However, despite many comments which may give us a picture of Knight as someone who had rational contempt for religion, such a picture would not be fully accurate. Just as he was a jilted lover of liberalism, there is a case to be made that he was likewise a jilted lover of Christianity.
On the economics of mobile content pre-staging

The explosive demand for data in wireless devices has driven mobile carriers and the research community to seek nearly all intriguing technical and economic solutions to data demand problem. Content pre-staging is the idea to push content as close to the device as possible, either at the network edge or on the device itself in order to reduce bandwidth needs at peak demand times. We posit an interesting twist on this arrangement, namely to explore the economic implications if mobile device storage could be made available either by the user or indirectly by the wireless operator. We model the interplay between the mobile service carrier, the content provider, and end users as a Stackelberg game. Utilizing economic levers, the carrier sets the price for content providers to pre-stage content on mobile device storage, and provides monetary reward to compensate users for the usage of their mobile device storage. Through analyzing the impact of content localization on the economic well-being of all players, we demonstrate the improvement in network efficiency from the social welfare perspective. While the carrier may set prices strategically to retain a larger share of the increased profitability of the business, such practice benefits all the three parties in the game, i.e., users gain QoE and content; the carrier gains in saved capacity and new revenue; and the content provider gains in increased revenue and increased content access.
Adrenocortical and Hepatic Nodules within Placental Tissue

As laser ablation of placental vascular communications gains acceptance as treatment option for severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), pathologists are increasingly confronted with the interpretation of laser-treated placentas. We present our preliminary institutional experience with the gross and microscopic analysis of these specimens. Patients underwent selective ablation for severe TTTS (Quintero stages II to V) between 16 and 25 wk gestation and the placentas were examined between < 24 h and 19 wk postoperatively. The placental vasculature was injected with gelatin-dye mixtures. The type and number of vascular anastomoses were recorded, followed by routine histopathological analysis of the placenta. Foci of laser impact were identified in all placentas examined within 1 month after laser coagulation. Located along the recipient side of the dividing membrane, the laser-treated vessels appeared hemorrhagic and showed a characteristic abrupt interruption of dye filling after vascular injection. In placentas examined more than 1 month after intervention, the most frequent gross finding was the absence or relative paucity of intertwin anastomoses, associated with subchorionic fibrin deposition. Microscopically, laser-treated vessels showed varying degrees of necrosis, associated with focal hemorrhage, avascular villi, and fibrin deposition in the underlying parenchyma. In some cases of intrauterine fetal demise or placental disruption, no definite laser scars were identified. As expected, the number of residual anastomoses (all types) was significantly smaller in laser-treated placentas than in control monochorionic placentas (2.4 ± 2.2 [n = 10] vs. 6.2 ± 3.2 [n = 70], P < 0.01). Velamentous cord insertion was noted in 50% of cases; markedly uneven placental sharing in 60%. Detailed analysis of laser-treated placentas and clinicopathological correlation may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of TTTS and continued refinement of therapeutic approaches for this often lethal condition.
Path to ultralarge nonlinear-optical susceptibilities

The search for new materials with ever-larger nonlinear-optical susceptibility is fueled by the promise of new applications. While much progress has been made, no new paradigms have been discovered that lead to significantly larger nonlinear susceptibilities when size has been taken into account. The next breakthrough requires a step back to consider the fundamental requirements for increasing the strength of light–matter interactions. In essence, the problem at hand is to understand how to get the most out of a system of fixed size (defined as the spread in the electronic wave function) that contains a given number of electrons. The intrinsic nonlinearity takes into account size so that the origin of what makes a large nonlinear response can be identified. Only then can a recipe be articulated for making the system larger in a way that scales optimally so that ultralarge nonlinear susceptibilities can become a reality.
Coding for parallel Gaussian bi-directional relay channels: A deterministic approach

We study the design of good coding schemes and the achievable exchange rates for the parallel Gaussian bidirectional relay channel. We first consider the corresponding linear deterministic model and propose two different schemes that can achieve the exchange capacity for this linear deterministic model. The insights obtained from this are used to design coding schemes for the original parallel Gaussian bi-directional relay channel. The first coding scheme uses superposition-based coding at both nodes and reorders codewords that cannot be transmitted within their own sub-channels to the sub-channels that can support the transmission at the relay. The second coding scheme employs lattice partition chains proposed by Nam et al. in the multiple access phase and then performs coding across sub-channels in the broadcast phase. While both schemes are optimal for the linear deterministic model, the performance of their Gaussian counterparts are different in general and which one performs better depends on the operating SNR and channel coefficients. Numerical results show that both schemes substantially outperform the decode-and-forward scheme and also provide non-trivial gains over the scheme proposed by Huang et al. Moreover, it is shown that the performance of both schemes is close to that of the cut-set bound and that the second scheme is asymptotically optimal.
Utah Wilderness Wars: A Look at the Historical Background, Present Situation, and Future Possibilities for Public Land in Utah

Utah’s vast federal lands provide citizens with incredible beauty, solitude, and recreational opportunities, but they also generate extreme controversy among groups who disagree as to how these lands should be managed. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the arguments for and against wilderness designation have become more emotional, as they have continued to pit local citizens against environmentalists and wilderness advocates. This article gives a history of the wilderness debate, discusses applicable laws regarding the designation of wilderness, and analyzes the current politically charged climate of wilderness and public lands issues. The author analyzes the potential for collaborative solutions between opposing groups in the wilderness debates and draws conclusions about the eventual way in which public land issues will have to be resolved in an environment of perpetual competition between opposing interest groups.
An electrical model for energy efficiency evaluation of NiMH batteries

In this work, we propose an electrical model of the battery based on its equivalent circuit for the evaluation of the energy efficiency. The circuit model consists of a current-dependent nonlinear resistance to model the total drop in the battery voltage caused by the activation, concentration, and Ohmic polarizations. The effects of the coulomb losses on the battery run time are also considered in the model. The model targets the state of charge range from 20% to 80% in which best energy efficiency can be achieved, and the total resistance is a function of the battery current magnitude only. The model is intended to be used for real-time management of the battery energy efficiency in grid-connected applications. Through experiments and simulations of two NiMH battery packs, we confirm the effectiveness of the model in evaluating the energy efficiency at different conditions of charge and discharge currents.
International Child Relocations from U.S. States

Child caretaking in the United States today frequently is undertaken by adults who do not operate under court orders or private agreements. The adults may, but need not then be, legal parents. There are usually constraints when one of the adults desires to relocate with the child within his/her state or to another American state. When an international relocation with the child is desired, moves from any American state are governed by the Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Convention). Here, issues arise regarding the child’s “habitual residence,” as well as who possess rights of custody and whether there had been exercises of such custodial rights by the nonrelocating childcaretakers. Though the Convention guides only international child relocations, it generally defers to the American state custody laws in the states of the children’s habitual residences. While common sense suggests the principles guiding international relocations should be comparable to, if not more demanding than, intrastate or interstate moves, surprisingly this is sometimes not the case. This is illustrated by a 2016 Seventh Circuit ruling on an international child relocation from Illinois. While the issue of “habitual residence” has been deemed “pivotal” in many international child relocation cases, receiving much attention, this article focuses on possessions and exercises of custody rights in Convention proceedings. Unfortunately, here common sense is sometimes lacking. This article, in particular, reviews the challenges in determining custody rights due to by the expanding U.S. state laws on de facto (and comparable) parentage and on nonparent childcare orders over parental objections. The article concludes by urging more sensible approaches to international child relocations from the United States. It proposes that current state laws on intrastate and interstate child relocations be consulted, and at least somewhat employed. Further, it provides guidance on the challenges posed in child relocation cases by the emerging de facto parent doctrines, founded on imprecise norms typically applied only after childcare disputes arise, as well as by the increased recognitions of nonparent childcare interests, which can override superior parental rights to serve the best interests of children.
KININS AND NEUROPEPTIDES | Neuropeptides and Neurotransmission

Neurotransmitters influence breathing by acting either on central neurons that regulate breathing or on the peripheral nerves that innervate lungs, airways, and O2-sensing chemoreceptors. In addition to amino acids and biogenic amines, neuropeptides emerged as another class of molecules that profoundly influence neuronal activities. Substance P (SP) is one such neuropeptide that profoundly impacts breathing via its actions on central and peripheral nervous systems. SP belongs to a group of structurally related peptides called tachykinins. It participates in the generation of respiratory rhythm by acting on pre-Botzinger neurons in the medulla oblongata and phrenic motoneurons in cervical cord that innervate the diaphragm. Selective destruction of neurons expressing SP-receptors leads to apneas, irregular breathing, and hypoxemia. SP also contributes to the integration of sensory inputs from lungs, airways, and peripheral chemoreceptors by acting on the neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarious. In the peripheral nervous system, SP acting as a sensory transmitter participates in the hypoxic sensing at the carotid body. In the lungs and airways, SP stimulates ‘irritant’ receptors innervated by the vagus nerves and participates in the generation of cough reflex. Also, SP is linked to asthma and hyperreactivity. In response to allergens, SP-like peptides are released from the nerve fibers innervating airways, and SP is a potent constrictor of central and peripheral airways. It also stimulates airway secretions. SP-receptor antagonists are emerging as a new class of therapeutic interventions to alleviate asthma and chronic cough.
Trochleoplasty is a Viable Option for Patellar Instability in Patients with Severe Trochlear Dysplasia: Early Outcomes Analysis of the U.S. Experience:

Objectives:Patellar instability caused by severe trochlear dysplasia is best treated by sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty. There have been no studies examining outcomes after this procedure in the Un...
Graded Response Model

The graded response model represents a family of mathematical models that deals with ordered polytomous categories. These ordered categories include rating such as letter grading, A, B, C, D, and F, used in the evaluation of students’ performance; strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree, used in attitude surveys; or partial credit given in accordance with an examinee’s degree of attainment in solving a problem.
The Parisi Formula

The main goal of this chapter is to prove the celebrated Parisi formula for the free energy in the mixed p-spin models. The Ruelle probability cascades studied in the previous chapter will be used in a number of different ways, but their most important role will be as an approximation of the asymptotic Gibbs measures that generate the overlap matrix in the thermodynamic limit. As we explained in Sect.2.4, a link between the Gibbs measure and the Ruelle probability cascades can be established using the Ghirlanda–Guerra identities and in this chapter we will show how these identities arise in the setting of the mixed p-spin models. In addition, the proof of the Parisi formula will be based on several other essential ideas, such as the Talagrand positivity principle, the Guerra replica symmetry breaking interpolation, and the Aizenman–Sims–Starr scheme.
Roman Urban Street Networks: Streets and the Organization of Space in Four Cities

The streets of Roman cities have received surprisingly little attention until recently. Traditionally the main interest archaeologists and classicists had in streets was in tracing the origins and development of the orthogonal layout used in Roman colonial cities. Roman Urban Street Networks is the first volume to sift through the ancient literature to determine how authors used the Latin vocabulary for streets, and determine what that tells us about how the Romans perceived their streets. Author Alan Kaiser offers a methodology for describing the role of a street within the broader urban transportation network in such a way that one can compare both individual streets and street networks from one site to another. This work is more than simply an exploration of Roman urban streets, however. It addresses one of the central problems in current scholarship on Roman urbanism: Kaiser suggests that streets provided the organizing principle for ancient Roman cities, offering an exciting new way of describing and comparing Roman street networks. This book will certainly lead to an expanded discussion of approaches to and understandings of Roman streetscapes and urbanism.
Prototyping a compressive line sensing hyperspectral imaging sensor

In many space-borne surveillance missions, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensors are essential to enhance the ability to analyze and classify oceanic and terrestrial parameters and objects/areas of interest. A significant technical challenge is that the amount of raw data acquired by these sensors will begin to exceed the data transmission bandwidths between the spacecraft and the ground station using classical approaches such as imaging onto a detector array. To address such an issue, the compressive line sensing (CLS) imaging concept, originally developed for energy-efficient active laser imaging, is adopted in the design of a hyperspectral imaging sensor. CLS HSI imaging is achieved using a digital micromirror device (DMD) spatial light modulator. A DMD generates a series of 2D binary sensing patterns from a codebook that can be used to encode cross-track spatial-spectral slices in a push-broom type imaging device. In this paper, the development of a testbed using the TI DLP NIRscan™ Nano Evaluation Module to investigate the CLS HSI concept is presented. Initial test results are discussed.
Situational and organizational influences on transparency following financial restatements

This study explores the influence of situational and organizational factors on transparency regarding financial restatements. It is predicted that situational factors related to the severity of a r...
To Discharge or Not to Discharge on Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: That Is the Question.

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has gained traction since the 1970s as a means of delivering intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy in home or ambulatory settings. OPAT is relatively safe and more cost-effective than hospital administration of IV antibiotics.1–4 Yet the initiation of OPAT requires thoughtful consideration of individual patient and caregiver factors. Additionally, administration of OPAT requires careful coordination of multiple health care resources to ensure safe administration, monitoring, and follow-up during the course of therapy. Thus, prescribing OPAT requires clinicians to be adept at identifying appropriate OPAT candidates and efficiently …
Nanofat Cell Aggregates: A Nearly Constitutive Stromal Cell Inoculum for Regenerative Site-Specific Therapies.

Background Recent technology developed by Tulip Medical Products allows clinicians to mechanically disaggregate fat tissue into small fat particles known as nanofat. The present study aimed to evaluate the cell yield obtained from nanofat generation in comparison to traditional methods involving enzymatic dissociation (stromal vascular fraction). Methods Nanofat preparations were characterized by cell content and viability, based on DNA quantification and image cytometry, respectively. DNA analysis was also used to determine the cell content in unprocessed dry lipoaspirate and native adipose tissue (excised adipose tissue). To evaluate cell yield, the authors compared the number of cells recovered from 1 g of lipoaspirate between stromal vascular fraction and nanofat preparations, and subsequently determined the final cell inoculum obtained following their respective protocols. Results The data showed that nanofat samples presented a cell burden of 7.3 million cells/g, close to 80 percent of unprocessed dry lipoaspirate, and 70 percent of native excised adipose tissue. Moreover, cell viability was not altered by mechanical disaggregation in nanofat samples compared to unprocessed dry lipoaspirate. Nanofat samples exhibited a cell yield of 6.63 million cells/g lipoaspirate, whereas stromal vascular fraction preparations resulted in only 0.68 million cells/g lipoaspirate. The final cell inoculum obtained from stromal vascular fraction isolation was 120 million cells and it required 200 to 250 cc of raw lipoaspirate as starting material, whereas nanofat preparation resulted in 125 million cells with only 20 cc of raw lipoaspirate. Conclusion Mechanical disaggregation offers a better cell inoculum than conventional enzymatic dissociation methods by using 10 times less fat tissue as starting material and delivering a higher cell yield.
Reduced resilience as an early warning signal of forest mortality

Climate-induced forest mortality is being widely observed across the globe. Predicting forest mortality remains challenging because the physiological mechanisms causing mortality are not fully understood and empirical relations between climatology and mortality are subject to change. Here, we show that the temporal loss of resilience, a phenomenon often detected as a system approaches a tipping point, can be used as an early warning signal (EWS) to predict the likelihood of forest mortality directly from remotely sensed vegetation dynamics. We tested the proposed approach on data from Californian forests and found that the EWS can often be detected before reduced greenness, between 6 to 19 months before mortality. The EWS shows a species-specific relation with mortality, and is able to capture its spatio-temporal variations. These findings highlight the potential for such an EWS to predict forest mortality in the near-term. Predicting mortality in forests is challenging because its underlying causes are spatially varied and not well known. Reduced resilience detected from remotely sensed time series of vegetation dynamics can serve as an effective early warning signal to indicate the potential for forest mortality.
Automatic from the people: Uber’s iconic interface and the automation of sociality

This article undertakes a content analysis of the Uber mobile interface as depicted in a patent application for a process that integrates and automates social media information to match potential UberPool riders. As depicted in the patent application, the Uber interface is a critical locus for incorporating social media information and rendering this information usable and palpable for users. By aligning the Uber interface with the communicative and symbolic richness of iconic imagery, I argue for the Uber interface as a juncture for critical abstractions between the manifestation of social interactions appearing to users on the Uber interface and Uber’s techno-economic motivations to shape, configure and guide user enactment of sociality. By designing for simplicity, the Uber interface abstracts between the push-button ease of undertaking sociality and the need to reflect on circumstances giving rise to these prescribed forms of sociality. Through this viewpoint, I specify abstractions between simplified forms of sociality presented to users and Uber techno-economic motivations configuring interfacial sociality, implicating algorithmic objectivity, connective friending and programmed sociality as unseen forces configuring and prescribing social interactions for user engagement.
Compliance contribution tensor of an arbitrarily oriented ellipsoidal inhomogeneity embedded in an orthotropic elastic material

Abstract This paper focuses on the analysis of possibilities to find approximate closed form solution for an isolated ellipsoidal inhomogeneity embedded in an orthotropic matrix and to calculate overall elastic properties of heterogeneous materials with orthotropic matrix. The approach is based on approximation of an orthotropic material by one with the special type of symmetry, when fourth rank tensor of elastic stiffness can be expressed in terms of a second rank tensor. Such a symmetry is called in literature “elliptic orthotropy” or “ellipsoidal orthotropy”. If the accuracy of the approximation is sufficient, appropriate affine transformation of coordinates yields the required solution.
Clinical care of a child with hemophilia A and inhibitors

Approximately 30% of patients with severe hemophilia A develop inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII. Patient-related and treatment-related factors have been implicated in inhibitor development. Inhibitor development is associated with significant morbidity, and decreased quality of life, and is currently the most challenging complication in the management of patients with hemophilia. Hemostatic bypassing agents are used to control bleeding episodes in patients with inhibitors, while the cornerstone of management is inhibitor eradication by immune tolerance. Newer nonfactor products are rapidly changing the landscape of inhibitor management.
A Comprehensive CT Radiation Dose Reduction and Protocol Standardization Program in a Complex, Tertiary Hospital System

Abstract Purpose To present our experience in reducing CT radiation doses in a complex tertiary health system through CT protocol standardization and optimization. Methods A CT radiation task force was created to reduce CT protocol heterogeneity and radiation doses. Redundant protocols were eliminated. By an iterative process, protocols with least radiation dose were identified. Radiation dose tracking software was used to store and analyze radiation doses. CT protocols were published in an intranet site after training of technologists. SOPs were established for maintaining and changing protocols. The radiation doses for each CT protocol before and after optimization were compared using geometric means. Results A total of 222 CT protocols were reviewed, with elimination of 86 protocols. One-year follow-up showed homogeneous protocols with lower radiation doses. The improvement in radiation doses ranged from 23% to 58% (P Conclusion CT radiation dose reduction of up to 58% can be achieved by homogenizing and optimizing CT protocols through a comprehensive CT operations program.
Impact of a Multifaceted Educational Program to Improve Provider Skills for Lupus Pregnancy Planning and Management: A Mixed‐Methods Approach

OBJECTIVE To bring recent advances in pregnancy management in lupus to women nationwide, this multidimensional educational intervention sought to equip community rheumatologists with the needed skills, attitudes, and confidence to manage contraceptive decisions and pregnancy planning for women with lupus. METHODS The program included an in-person didactic, training in use of a comprehensive handout to guide contraception and pregnancy conversations, a simulated clinical experience, and access to an innovative website (www.lupuspregnancy.org). The program was analyzed using mixed methods, which included a quantitative survey by e-mail before and after program completion and multiple qualitative interviews about attendees' experiences integrating created resources into practice. RESULTS The analysis included 68 preintervention surveys and 55 postintervention surveys. For qualitative analysis, eight interviews were completed until thematic saturation was achieved. After completion of the program, there was an increase in providers reporting a systematic approach to preparing a woman with lupus for pregnancy (from 45.6% to 94.6%; P < 0.0001). Confidence in choosing both appropriate contraception and pregnancy-compatible medications improved significantly. As expected, change in knowledge about contraception was limited. Qualitative themes included the utility of the printable handouts, enthusiasm for the program, increased confidence and, importantly, increased empathy for the patients. CONCLUSION We created a valuable implementation tool that improves self-reported provider skills and confidence in managing women with lupus who desire pregnancy. Providers now have access to a unique curriculum and resources that encourage providers to have open and accurate conversations about pregnancy, thus creating lasting clinical change.
A 27-Year-Old Woman With Postpartum Papillary Muscle Rupture.

Abstract Postpartum papillary muscle rupture (PMR) is extremely uncommon and tolerated poorly with limited management options other than emergency surgical intervention. This case demonstrates the ...
The Groundwater of Racial and Ethnic Disparities Research: A Statement From Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.

The Fish. The Pond. The Groundwater. Imagine that you have a personal pond filled with fish. When viewing your pond, you notice that one fish has died, floating belly-up. You decide that the fish must have been ill and think nothing more of it. The next day, you notice that half of the fish in your pond are now dead. You are alarmed and decide to contact the neighborhood management services to investigate your pond. Something must be wrong with the local system. The following day, however, you discover that all of your neighbors with ponds have noticed the same thing. In fact, half of the fish are dead throughout all waterways in the entire state. At this point, it is clear something deeper must be wrong. This is when you need to analyze the groundwater feeding these ponds. The fish are not at fault, and not even the local systems. Rather the underlying structures through which the fish seek life has failed. Imagine that instead of fish, we are discussing patients.—Paraphrase of Groundwater Approach Metaphor by Love and Hayes-Greene of The Racial Equity Institute.
Romidepsin and lenalidomide-based regimens have efficacy in relapsed/refractory lymphoma: Combined analysis of two phase I studies with expansion cohorts

Romidepsin (histone deacetylase inhibitor), lenalidomide (immunomodulatory agent), and carfilzomib (proteasome inhibitor), have efficacy and lack cumulative toxicity in relapsed/refractory lymphoma. We performed two investigator initiated sequential phase I studies to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of romidepsin and lenalidomide (regimen A) and romidepsin, lenalidomide, and carfilzomib (regimen B) in relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Cohorts in T-cell lymphoma (TCL), B-cell lymphoma (BCL) were enrolled at the MTD. 49 patients were treated in study A (27 TCL, 17 BCL, 5 HL) and 27 (16 TCL, 11 BCL) in study B. The MTD of regimen A was romidepsin 14 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 and lenalidomide 25 mg oral on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. The MTD of regimen B was romidepsin 8mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, lenalidomide 10mg oral on days 1-14 and carfilzomib 36mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. In study A, 94% had AEs ≥Grade 3, most commonly neutropenia (49%), thrombocytopenia (53%), and electrolyte abnormalities (49%). In study B 59% had AEs ≥Grade 3, including thrombocytopenia (30%) and neutropenia (26%). In study A the ORR was 49% (50% TCL, 47% BCL, 50% HL). In study B the ORR was 48% (50% TCL, 50% BCL). For study A and B the median progression free survival (PFS) was 5.7 months and 3.4 months respectively with 11 patients proceeding to allogeneic transplant. The combinations of romidepsin and lenalidomide and of romidepsin, lenalidomide and carfilzomib showed activity in relapsed/refractory lymphoma with an acceptable safety profile. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Political Benefits of Voter ID Litigation

In one of the most pronounced developments in American political and election law over the past two decades, voter ID laws have developed from an insipid topic of interest only to policy wonks and local government enthusiasts into one of the most contentious and hot-button issues in American politics. To date, the Democratic party — either directly as plaintiffs or indirectly via its attorneys — have filed nearly a dozen lawsuits challenging voter ID laws across the United States, arguing such laws disproportionately burden minority voters. However, these lawsuits are puzzling considering the minimal impact these laws have, as social science scientists have yet to conclude these laws have a racially disparate impact. Furthermore, this litigation is costly and limited: it is time-consuming, expensive, ineffective, and risky. Why Democrats continue to litigate voter ID laws, in light of these costs and limitations, is the central inquiry of this Essay. To answer it, this Essay applies emerging sociolegal theories that reveal the benefits litigation engenders unto the litigating party, thus explaining the Democratic penchant for litigating voter ID laws.
An Infinite History: the story of a family in France over three centuries

Emma Rothschild’s ‘connected’ ‘micro-medium-macro history’ begins with an individual, Marie Aymard (1713–1790), ‘an inquisitive, illiterate’ widow from Angouleme. Proceeding to her family and socia...
For Better or Worse: Young Adults' Opportunity Beliefs and Motivational Self-Regulation during Career Entry.

Individuals’ motivational self-regulatory system is challenged as they cross the transition from school to work. Using data from a longitudinal study of participants approaching and crossing university graduation (n = 140), we examine the ways in which individuals’ motivational strategies reflect and direct their career-related opportunity field. Our findings indicate that participants’ beliefs about how socioeconomic status (SES) is attained in society and how they themselves believe their own SES will be attained, are related with the degree to which they engage with or disengage from their career goals. These SES-related beliefs can be broadly organized into two patterns: the first emphasizing personal control over attaining career goals and the second emphasizing non-action-contingent control. Regarding the former, participants who viewed career goal attainment as being determined by merit (e.g., effort and ability) were more likely to engage with their career goals, and in so doing reported more rapi...
Peer-Reviewed Research and the IEP Implications of Ridley School District v. M.R. and J.R. ex rel. E.R. (2012)

This article examines a case out of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit: Ridley School District v. M.R and J.R. ex rel. E.R. (2012). The case is the first circuit court case in which th...
Gene profiling for the prediction of tumor response to treatment: the case of immunotherapy.

Although anticancer immune responses can occur, the biological mechanisms responsible for them remain largely unexplained. Immunologists have extensively studied specific interactions between immune and cancer cells and have identified cofactors that may modulate the effectiveness of such interactions. In particular, as a result of the increasing molecular understanding of the basis for tumor/host interactions, their complexity has become manifest, leading to the conclusion that no single mechanism can model in humans the phenomenon of tumor rejection. It is likely that, due to human and disease heterogeneity, distinct trails lead to a final common pathway responsible for immune-mediated tumor regression. The synergy of the innate and adaptive immune response is likely to be required for successful tumor rejection. These two systems may act by enhancing and remodeling each of the functions by being recruited and activated at the tumor site by molecules with immune modulatory properties produced in the tumor micro-environment by cancer or tumor-associated normal cells. Such complexity could only be recently appreciated in its extent by high-throughput tools capable of providing a global view of biological processes as they occur. In this chapter, we will present selected examples of high-throughput gene expression profiling that may contribute to the understanding of anticancer immune responses.
The presence of N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)threonine in transfer ribonucleic acid species whose codons begin with adenine.

Abstract The distribution of N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)threonine or derivatives of this compound has been determined among transfer RNA species in Escherichia coli. The identification of those acceptor species containing adenosine residues modified with threonine was facilitated by a radioactive threonine label in the tRNA. The analytical procedure depended upon the increased affinity for benzoylated DEAE-cellulose of a tRNA after aminoacylation followed by N-phenoxyacetylation. Threonine-containing nucleosides were found in tRNA species that accept isoleucine, threonine, lysine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and leucine. All of these tRNA species, except leucine, recognize codons that begin with adenine.
12.4: A Liquid Crystal Biosensor for Liver Diseases

The urinary concentration level of bile acids is a useful indicator for the diagnosis of liver diseases. Here we present a sensor platform based on the anchoring transition of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) at the surfactant-laden LC/aqueous interfaces for the detection of bile acids in urinary solution.
Blue Smoke and Mirrors: The Continuum in Social Work Education

Abstract The continuum between generalist and specialist is not as useful an organizing concept for social work education as its supporters believe. Instead, less ambiguous central organizing constructs are needed for baccalaureate and master's education. Instead of a continuum, the authors suggest that the two programs be conceived as independent entities. The baccalaureate degree should focus on the training of case managers in public service agencies. The master's degree should prepare graduates with specific skills and knowledge that represent genuinely advanced practice. This formulation calls into question the notion of a common professional foundation and eliminates the practice of granting advanced standing.
Poly[1,4-bis­(4-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine­diium [[tetra­aqua­cobaltate(II)]-μ-pyromellitato-κ2O1:O4] dihydrate]

In the title compound, {(C16H22N4)[Co(C10H2O8)(H2O)4]·2H2O}n, the octa­hedrally coordinated CoII atom is situated on an inversion center and possesses four aqua ligands. The Co atoms are linked into an anionic coordination polymer chain by bis-monodentate pyromellitate ligands. The chain motifs are connected into a supra­molecular layer by hydrogen bonding mediated by uncoordinated water mol­ecules. Charge balance is provided by doubly protonated bis­(4-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine units, which are anchored to the coordination polymer chain motifs by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
Evaluation of wastewater treatment requirements for thermochemical biomass liquefaction

The aqueous byproduct streams from direct biomass liquefaction have undergone limited analysis because priority has been placed on analysis of the complex organic liquid product. The range of organic contaminants carried in the aqueous byproducts directly correlates with the quantity and quality of contaminants in the liquid oil product. The data in the literature gives a general indication of the types and amounts of components expected in biomass liquefaction wastewater. Both biological and thermochemical processes have been proposed for wastewater treatment, but no treatment process has been tested. Existing environmental regulations could have a significant impact on the treatment requirements for these wastewaters.
Abnormal auditory experience induces frequency-specific adjustments in unit tuning for binaural localization cues in the optic tectum of juvenile owls.

Early auditory experience shapes the auditory spatial tuning of neurons in the barn owl9s optic tectum in a frequency-dependent manner. We examined the basis for this adaptive plasticity in terms of changes in tuning for frequency-specific interaural time differences (ITDs) and level differences (ILDs), the dominant sound localization cues. We characterized broadband and narrowband ITD and ILD tuning in normal owls and in owls raised with an acoustic filtering device in one ear that caused frequency-dependent changes in sound timing and level. In normal owls, units were tuned to frequency-specific ITD and ILD values that matched those produced by sound sources located in their visual receptive fields. In contrast, in device-reared owls, ITD tuning at most sites was shifted from normal by ∼55 μsec toward open-ear leading for 4 kHz stimuli and 15 μsec toward the opposite-ear leading for 8 kHz stimuli, reflecting the acoustic effects of the device. ILD tuning was shifted in the adaptive direction by ∼3 dB for 4 kHz stimuli and 8 dB for 8 kHz stimuli, but these shifts were substantially smaller than expected based on the acoustic effects of the device. Most sites also exhibited conspicuously abnormal frequency–response functions, including a strong dependence on stimulus ITD and a reduction of normally robust responses to 6 kHz stimuli. The results demonstrate that the response properties of high-order auditory neurons in the optic tectum are adjusted during development to reflect the influence of frequency-specific features of the binaural localization cues experienced by the individual.