cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Testing Using Hybrid Capture II and Cobas 4800 with ThinPrep and SurePath Preparations in Gynecologic Cytology

Introduction: The majority of the commercially available methods for testing of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ThinPrep (TP) but not SurePath (SP) preparations. Recently, questions about the validity of these hr-HPV testing methods have been raised with SurePath. The objective of the current study is to compare the rates of hr-HPV positivity for different diagnostic categories using the Hybrid Capture II (HC II) (Qiagen, Gaitherburg, MD) method and the Roche Cobas 4800 (Cobas) (Roche, Pleasanton, CA) system for both TP and SP preparations. Materials and Methods: A computerized search was performed to retrieve all patients who received a liquid based (LB) Pap test with hr-HPV testing between September and December 2011 and between September and December 2012. HC II and Cobas methods were used for hr-HPV testing during 2011 and 2012, respectively. The Z-test was used for statistical analysis between the hr-HPV rates among various diagnostic categories between the two LB preparations. Results: 28,515 liquid based Pap tests, including 19% TP, were processed September through December 2011; 32% of which were tested for hrHPV. 27,769 liquid based Pap tests, including 24% TP, were processed September through December 2012; 35% of these were tested for hrHPV. The tables below summarize the rate of hr-HPV positivity for each diagnostic category: comparing two test methods and two preparations (Table 1) and comparing different age groups with two preparations (Table 2). Conclusions: Rates of hr-HPV positivity for cases with ASC-US and LSIL were significantly higher with SP than with TP preparation, regardless of the testing method. In addition, the rates of hr-HPV positivity in patients with ASC-US using Cobas with either TP or SP preparation were comparable to that observed in the ATHENA study. Our data validate the clinical use of Cobas with SP preparation. 81
A DOUBLE‐LABEL CHOICE‐TEST FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DIET PREFERENCE AND INGESTION BY THE APHID AMPHOROPHORA AGATHONICA1

Tritium and calcium-45 were used to label selectively the two diets offered in choice-tests to Amphorophora agathonica. Radioassay of the aphids in a liquid scintillation counter gave quantitative information on the liquid uptake from each diet. With this technique, preferences for certain sucrose concentrations and for a complex diet could be demonstrated which were not apparent from the feeding rates in no-choice experiments. The deterrency levels of crude extracts of resistant and susceptible raspberry varieties were established with a small number of individual aphids. Zusammenfassung GLEICHZEITIGE BESTIMMUNG VON NAHRUNGSAUFNAHME UND -PRAFERENZ BEI DER APHIDE AMPHOROPHORA AGATHONICA DURCH RADIOAKTIVE DOPPELMARKIERUNG Zwei Diaten, die eine markiert mit Tritium (als 3H-Acetat), die andere mit Calcium-45 (als 45CaCl2), wurden Amphorophora agathonica zur Auswahl vorgelegt. Aufarbeitung der Blattlause mit Ameisensaure und Bestimmung der beiden aufgenommenen Aktivitaten im Flussigkeits-Szintillationszahler erlaubte es, die Saugtatigkeit an beiden Nahrlosungen gleichzeitig quantitativ zu erfassen. Mit dieser Methode konnten Praferenzen nachgewiesen werden, die aus der Nahrungsaufnahme bei Zwangsfutterung nicht ersichtlich waren. So wurde eine Volldiat gegenuber einer 1-molaren Saccharoselosung und diese wiederum gegenuber einer 0,6-molaren bevorzugt. Mit wenigen einzelnen Individuen liesz sich zeigen, das das mit Methanol aus resistenten wie auch aus anfalligen Himbeervarietaten extrahierte Blattmaterial noch bei 0,1 mg Trockensubstanz pro ml Nahrlosung abschreckend wirkt.
The Sendai Virus V Protein Interacts with the NP Protein to Regulate Viral Genome RNA Replication

The interactions of Sendai virus proteins required for viral RNA synthesis have been characterized both by the yeast two-hybrid system and through the use of glutathione S-transferase (gst)-viral fusion proteins synthesized in mammalian cells. Using the two-hybrid system we have confirmed the previously identified P-L (RNA polymerase), NPo-P (encapsidation substrate), and P-P complexes and now demonstrate NP-NP and NPo-V protein interactions. Expression of gstP and P proteins and binding to glutathione-Sepharose beads as a measure of complex formation confirmed the P-P interaction. The P-gstP binding occurred only on expression of the proteins in the same cell and was mapped to amino acids 345-411. We also show that full-length and deletion gstV and gstW proteins bound NPo protein when these sets of proteins were coexpressed and have identified one required region from amino acids 78-316. Neither gstV nor gstW bound NP assembled into nucleocapsids. Furthermore, both V and W proteins lacking the N-terminal 77 amino acids inhibited DI-H genome replication in vitro, showing the biological relevance of the remaining region. We propose that the specific inhibition of genome replication by V and W proteins occurs through interference with either the formation or the use of the NPo-P encapsidation substrate.
From trees to wood or wood to trees

Derish and Eastwood draw on years of combined experience helping surgeons write clearly for their intended readers [1]. Their approach is bottom-up, starting with words, then sentences, then paragraphs. They are to be congratulated for condensing into a small “clarity clinic” much of the material that has appeared in many monographs on the subject over a span of decades, starting with Louis Pasteur’s organization of scientific reporting in the IMRD format. These include monographs from the AMA [2], Lois Debakey [3], Robert Day [4], Edward Huth [5], and many others.
Computed tomography of infiltrating benign lipoma.

Abstract Lipomas are frequently encountered benign tumors of adipose tissue origin. A lipoma generally develops in the superficial subcutaneous tissues but may occasionally be deep seated, growing between or within muscles. Deep-seated lipomas (excluding body cavities and viscera) have been termed infiltrating benign lipomas, of which there are two varieties—lipoma and angiolipoma. We wish to report three cases of infiltrating benign lipomas. Computed tomography scanning is the diagnostic modality of choice in the evaluation of these tumors.
Kinetics and mechanisms of exsolution

Abstract The theories of exsolution kinetics are reviewed. The three principal exsolution mechanisms are continuous, discontinuous (cellular), and spinodal decomposition. The continuous and discontinuous mechanisms are both initiated by a classical nucleation event, but the latter involves the formation of a duplex cell. The growth of this cell may be limited only by boundary diffusion and hence occurs at a faster rate than growth limited by volume diffusion. Alternately, growth may be limited by the interface mobility. Spinodal decomposition involves a different type of fluctuation and the conditions for spinodal decomposition are severely limited by the strain energy (coherent spinodal). The theories of isothermal and continuous cooling transformation kinetics are reviewed and the limitation of these theories are considered. The influence of factors such as impurities, imperfections, degree of super-saturation, and pressure (dry and hydrothermal) on transformation kinetics is emphasized. Suggestions are made concerning the general and specific application of these concepts to exsolution reactions in minerals.
A survey study of resistance to discharge from speech-language therapy

A survey was designed to investigate the previously unaddressed issue of resistance to discharge from speech therapy. One hundred and eighty-seven speech-language clinicians in clinical and hospital settings were sent a questionnaire based on research from the medical profession indicating that patients may become overly dependent on their physicians. Eighty-six percent of 159 usable respondents reported their clients resisted discharge. Many speech-language pathologists suggested techniques they have used to manage such clients.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition to enhance vascular health—clinical and research models

Protection of the endothelium, the metabolically active inner lining of the vasculature, appears to be a key factor in maintaining cardiovascular (CV) health. The endothelium responds to hemodynamic and hormonal factors by secreting substances that maintain vascular homeostasis. Damage to the endothelium is an initial step in the development of CV disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which block the formation of the vasoconstricting substance, angiotensin II, have proved to be a key therapy for hypertension and congestive heart failure. The activity of these agents in enhancing vascular health appears to be a critical factor in their therapeutic effectiveness. Large-scale clinical trials over the past decade have shown that ACE inhibition is an effective therapeutic means of not only prolonging survival and reducing morbidity after acute myocardial infarction, but also reducing all-cause mortality and morbidity in patients at high risk for CV disease, including patients with diabetes. ACE is found in far greater amounts in tissue than in plasma. Studies indicate that ACE inhibitors act at the tissue level to provide long-term cardioprotective effects that include a reduction in the progression of atherosclerosis. An issue to resolve is how much ACE inhibition is needed at the tissue level to reverse or prevent further vascular damage.
A Rule of Thumb for Binary Isotope Separations in a Gas Centrifuge

Abstract A simple hypothetical model of the binary isotope separation process in a modern countercurrent Gas Centrifuge is proposed. Like the usual Cohen-Onsager separation theory, internal fluid dynamics are obviously involved. But unlike that theory it completely obviates the flow integrals for Cohen's E, thereby allowing an immediate estimate of the flow efficiency of a given design by visual inspection of the flow field. At times this should be checked later by the usual analyses. To shed some light on this idea, derivations for two simple assumed idealized hydrodynamics are given, but a rigorous proof remains an open question. Then our hypothesis is tested against a battery of about 10 new “exact” formulas for E based upon analytical solutions to several variants of Onsager's pancake equation and is found to be “reasonably” accurate and surprisingly robust. Finally, some limitations of our rule are explored.
PATTERNING OF SKELETAL LEAD CONTENT IN BARBADOS SLAVES

Skeletal lead levels are unexpectedly high (averaging 118 ppm and reaching 424 ppm maximum) in seventeenth to nineteenth century Caribbean slave skull remains. Younger specimens show significantly lower lead concentrations. Historical data confirm the supposition from skeletal lead measurements that blood lead levels probably resulted in lead intoxication symptoms in a significant fraction of this population.
Regret and Responsibility: A Reply to Zeelenberg et al. (1998).

Abstract M. Zeelenberg, W. W. van Dijk, and A. S. R. Manstead (1998, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 74, 254–272) recently reported an altered replication of our earlier study (T. Connolly, L. D. Ordonez, & R. Coughlan, 1997, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70, 73–85) concerning the effects of decision agency on regret and outcome evaluation. Our earlier study had found no such effect, but Zeelenberg et al. did. In two new experiments, we have largely confirmed Zeelenberg et al.'s result but have shown that, contrary to most theory, regret (a) can appear even in the absence of decision agency, (b) can be unrelated to outcome evaluations, and (c) may be more influenced by the experience of gains or losses from the status quo than by any decisional responsibility for those changes.
Paranasal sinus radiology, Part 4B: Maxillary sinuses.

The maxillary sinus is frequently involved by inflammatory change. It is also the sinus that is most affected by intrinsic or nearby neoplasms. Since neoplasia and inflammatory disease may mimic each other, radiologic examination often becomes the principal means of differentiating them. Principles of radiologic diagnosis, with attention to changes in the various bony margins in maxillary disease processes, form the basis of this article.
Sparse matrix-vector multiply on the Keystone II Digital Signal Processor

In this paper we describe an implementation of sparse matrix-vector multiply (SpMV) on the Texas Instruments (TI) Keystone II architecture. The Keystone II is an eight core Digital Signal Processor (DSP) that offers floating point performance comparable to a desktop CPU while having a power envelope comparable to a mobile embedded CPU. This, combined with its integrated communication interfaces, potentially make it a scalable and efficient HPC processor technology. For this architecture, the key to achieving high computational efficiency is the careful use of its on-chip scratchpad memory. SpMV is a HPC kernel that is both memory bounded and has an irregular memory access pattern. When tuning this kernel, we found that using scratchpad can provide as much as 50% improvement in effective memory bandwidth as compared to using cache, but only with careful scratchpad allocation and run-time management. This includes selection of tile size, the mapping of arrays to specific on-chip memory structures, and the methods by which the DMA is performed in parallel with computation.
Reversion of mutant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium by raw and finished waters from southeastern Louisiana

Abstract Samples of raw and finished water were collected from water treatment plants in southeastern Louisiana between January 1975 and May 1976. The water source for each plant is the Mississippi River. Finished water samples also were obtained at water treatment plants at St. Francisville, LA. and Baton rouge, LA. where deep wells serve as sources of water. All samples were assayed for mutagens using histidine dependent mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium . Almost twice as many of the finished water samples collected at Luling, Jefferson and New Orleans induced reversions than did the corresponding raw water samples. Often reversion of finished water samples occurred only with metabolic activation. When samples from Belle Chasse and Port Sulphur were assayed, the number of finished water samples inducing reversion were comparable or less than comparable to those with raw water. Nearly equal numbers of finished water samples from St. Francisville and from Baton Rouge induced genetic change. However, the majority of the samples from Baton Rouge which caused reversion, did so only with liver enzyme activation. Discussed is the significance of these findings, as well as the possible role of chlorination procedures in halogenating hydrocarbons into compounds which are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic.
Effect of carbon on the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity LiCoPO4

Abstract The effect of added carbon (3, 5 and 10 wt.%) on the electronic conductivity and discharge capacity of LiCoPO 4 was investigated. It was found after heat-treatment that the samples consisted of a LiCoPO 4 majority phase and Co 2 P second phase. The added carbon was consumed reducing the LiCoPO 4 surface layers to Co 2 P. The electronic conductivity increased as the amount of the Co 2 P phase increased. It was observed that the discharge capacity increased with increased Co 2 P content to ∼4–5 wt.%, after which the capacity rapidly decreased with increasing Co 2 P content. The increase in discharge capacity is likely a result of the increase in electronic conductivity. At higher Co 2 P volume fractions the presence of the electrochemically inert Co 2 P phase causes decreased capacity by: (1) reducing the amount of LiCoPO 4 present and (2) preventing Li + -ions from entering/leaving LiCoPO 4 , even though the highest values of electronic conductivity were exhibited.
Maternal mental illness

In the United States, more than half a million women experience postpartum depression every year; among teens and low-income mothers, the rate is one in four. For many depressed mothers, symptoms begin during pregnancy and may also include disabling anxiety. In addition, maternal mental illness adversely affects infant brain development and subsequent social and emotional health as a result of inadequate prenatal care, poor birth outcomes, and impaired parenting practices. The broad implications of these disorders have led several states to require perinatal depression screening and/or education. Also, a provision of the U.S. Affordable Care Act calls for further research on screening and treatment. These policies are a good start, but laws already on the books must be adequately funded and evaluated. In addition, there are immediate policy actions that can be taken to improve the well-being of mothers and families.
Transient nucleation with a monotonically changing barrier.

Nucleation is considered for nonzero rate of change of the dimensionless barrier $B$, which is characterized by a finite, slowly varying ``nonstationary index'' $\mathcal{N}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{-}(dB/dt)$. In the standard adiabatic approximation it is assumed that after the start of nucleation an $\mathcal{N}$-independent nucleation flux is established instantaneously, with a quasi-steady-state (QSS) value determined by the current barrier $B(t)$. Those assumptions, however, can be justified only in the strict limit $\mathcal{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, and otherwise both transient nucleation at small times, and subsequent deviations from QSS are essential. Earlier results for the non-QSS transient flux are refined and generalized to account for arbitrary relations between the rates of the change of the barrier and of the critical size, and for a variable $\mathcal{N}(t)$. The $\mathcal{N}$-dependent transient distributions of growing nuclei and their numbers also are obtained. The treatment is mostly based on matched asymptotic (singular perturbation) analysis of the Becker-D\"oring equation (BDE), and involves comparison with exact numerics. General results are specified within the continuous Zeldovich-Frenkel approximation to BDE, with a large fixed critical size and a barrier which either increases $(\mathcal{N}l0)$ or decays $(\mathcal{N}g0)$ with time. In such cases growth can be described exactly, allowing to extend the nucleation solution to arbitrary sizes without additional approximations. Resulting distributions $f(r,t)$ are monotonic in size $r$ for $\mathcal{N}\ensuremath{\ge}0$, with a diverging total number of particles $\ensuremath{\rho}$ as $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. For $\mathcal{N}l0$ distributions acquire an asymmetric bell shape with a finite $\ensuremath{\rho}$, which is exponentially small compared to ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{QSS}$.
QSAR modeling, synthesis and bioassay of diverse leukemia RPMI-8226 cell line active agents

Abstract A rigorous QSAR modeling procedure employing CODESSA PRO descriptors has been utilized for the prediction of more efficient anti-leukemia agents. Experimental data concerning the effect on leukemia RPMI-8226 cell line tumor growth of 34 compounds (treated at a dose of 10 μM) was related to their chemical structures by a 4-descriptor QSAR model. Four bis(oxy)bis-urea and bis(sulfanediyl)bis-urea derivatives ( 4a , 4b , 8 , 11a ) predicted as active by this model, together with 11b predicted to be of low activity, were synthesized and screened for anti-tumor activity utilizing 55 different tumor cell lines. Compounds 8 and 11a showed anti-tumor properties against most of the adopted cell lines with growth inhibition exceeding 50%. The highly promising preliminary anti-tumor properties of compounds 8 and 11a , were screened at serial dilutions (10 −4 –10 −8 μM) for determination of their GI 50 and TGI against the screened human tumor cell lines. Compound 11a (GI 50 = 1.55, TGI = 8.68 μM) is more effective than compound 8 (GI 50 = 58.30, TGI = >100 μM) against the target leukemia RPMI-8226 cell line. Compound 11a also exhibits highly pronounced anti-tumor properties against NCI-H226, NCI-H23 (non-small cell lung cancer), COLO 205 (colon cancer), SNB-75 (CNS cancer), OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3 (ovarian cancer), A498 (renal cancer) MDA-MB-231/ATCC and MDA-MB-468 (breast cancer) cell lines (GI 50 = 1.95, 1.61, 1.38, 1.56, 1.30, 1.98, 1.18, 1.85, 1.08, TGI = 8.35, 6.01, 2.67, 8.59, 4.01, 7.01, 5.62, 6.38, 5.63 μM, respectively). Thus 11a could be a suitable lead towards the design of broad spectrum anti-tumor active agents targeting various human tumor cell lines.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Leads to a Regional Hypercoagulable State Not Detectable Using Systemic Markers.

ObjectiveIt is believed that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) leads to hypercoagulability, but efforts to document such a state have been unrevealing. We hypothesized that OPCAB inc...
FUSION: a framework for engineering self-tuning self-adaptive software systems

Self-adaptive software systems are capable of adjusting their behavior at run-time to achieve certain objectives. Such systems typically employ analytical models specified at design-time to assess their characteristics at run-time and make the appropriate adaptation decisions. However, prior to system's deployment, engineers often cannot foresee the changes in the environment, requirements, and system's operational profile. Therefore, any analytical model used in this setting relies on underlying assumptions that if not held at run-time make the analysis and hence the adaptation decisions inaccurate. We present and evaluate FeatUre-oriented Self-adaptatION (FUSION) framework, which aims to solve this problem by learning the impact of adaptation decisions on the system's goals. The framework (1) allows for automatic online fine-tuning of the adaptation logic to unanticipated conditions, (2) reduces the upfront effort required for building such systems, and (3) makes the run-time analysis of such systems very efficient.
Quadruple spherical harmonics approximation for radiative transfer in two-dimensional rectangular enclosures

The governing equations of the model are comprised of 12 first-order partial differential equations. In the formulation, a delta-Eddington phase function is employed, and emitting and diffusely reflecting boundaries are considered. Numerical solutions of the equations are obtained using a software package DISPL2 and the results are compared with those available in the literature. In general, very good agreement is observed between the heat flux predictions of the model and the exact results
Titratable effects of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, a thiol-attacking reagent, on glucocorticoid receptor binding

Abstract Cytosol prepared from cultured AtT-20 mouse pituitary cells or mouse liver was treated with concentrations of p -chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate (PCMPS) which reduced but did not abolish receptor-binding activity. Scatchard analysis of triamcinolone acetonide binding to the treated cytosol showed that the PCMPS effect was caused by a reduction of binding affinity with little effect on the apparent binding site concentration. The effect on affinity was dose-dependent. Binding specificity unaffected since the relative abilities of triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, cortisol, progesterone, and corticosterone to compete with labeled triamcinolone were similar to various PCMPS concentrations which caused a progressive reduction of detectable cytosol binding. The PCMPS effect was reversible since cytosol treated with up to 200 μM PCMPS followed by dithiothreitol 15 min later showed nearly complete recovery of binding sites (62–100%). The possibility that several sulfhydryl groups were involved in this phenomenon was further explored in experiments using AtT-20 cytosol labeled with [ 3 H]dexamethasone-mesylate, a glucocorticoid affinity label which binds covalently to sulfhydryl groups. Chromatography of dexamethasone-mesylate labeled receptor on a sulfhydryl affinity column resulted in binding, indicating that the receptor had at least two sulfhydryl groups, one bound to the mesylate moiety of the steroid and the other capable of binding to the affinity column.
Experimental issues at a neutrino factory

This paper discusses the oscillation physics that can be performed at a future neutrino factory. Different channels that are accessible are considered from the point of view of their physics potential and possible experimental issues. Few comments are made about neutrino superbeams.
Stochastic second-order perturbation approach to the stress-based finite element method

Abstract The paper is devoted to the application of the second-order perturbation second probabilistic moment method to the stress-based finite element method (FEM). The approach is introduced for the linear elastic heterogeneous medium – up to the second-order, variational equations of the complementary energy principle are presented together with an additional stochastic finite element discretization based on Airy and Prandtl stress functions. The numerical examples shown in this paper illustrate the probabilistic stress and strain tensors in the cantilever beam under shear loading and torsioned square beam with randomly defined material and geometrical parameters. The results obtained in the tests can be applied in probabilistic analyses of the boundary value problems having any closed form mathematical solutions as well as in the stress-based stochastic FEM analysis of solids and structures.
Perceptual and response interactions in semantic priming.

In two experiments, subjects made pairs of lexical decisions verbally. In Experiment 1, masked stimuli appeared concurrently to the left and right of fixation; in Experiment 2, nonmasked stimuli appeared sequentially at fixation. The left-hand letter strings were judged more accurately in in Experiment 1, and the second letter strings were judged more accurately in Experiment 2. Each string in the pair could be either a word (e.g.,fork) or a nonword anagram (e.g.,frok). Consequently, the two strings in the pair could be related (e.g.,fork-spoon, frok-spoon, etc.) or unrelated (e.g.,fork-door, frok-door, etc.), independently of whether neither, either, or both strings were words. Semantically related stimuli induced consistent biases to respond “word,” as noted in other studies. These biases were typically stronger for the event reported second. Minimal evidence was found for perceptual priming effects. The asymmetrical effects were consistent with spreading-activation-type mechanisms, but other considerations support a multiple-process view.
Cell Phones, Text Messaging, and Facebook: Competing Time Demands of Today's College Students

This study of time use and entertainment choices of college students used a triangulated approach to discover how college students use and manage their time. From the data we gathered through time diaries, students indicated that the greatest amount of personal time is spent in some form of communication (talking face to face, texting, talking on the phone, and using social networking Web sites). Students spent about the same amount of time studying for courses (M = 11.91 hours per week, SD = 3.27) as they do actually attending courses each week (M = 12.35, SD 4.51). By comparison, students reported spending 14.35 hours each week texting and 6.49 hours talking on the phone. Females had statistically higher GPAs than males and scored higher on academic striving. Data indicated that students were engaged by instructors who seemed passionate about the content they were teaching, viewed their college education through the lens of a consumer model, and expected to have a personal connection with their professo...
Large spontaneous nucleation rate in implanted polycrystalline silicon films on SiO2

Abstract Crystallization of a 1500 A polycrystalline silicon film self-implanted at a dose of 2 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 was found to be due to the nucleation of crystallites and not due to the growth of grains that survived the implant. The nucleation rate was more than three orders of magnitude faster than that for either amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon self-implanted at 5 × 10 15 ions/cm 2 .
An Examination of Hedonic Response to Tuber gibbosum and Three Other Native Oregon Truffles

The aromas of four relatively unknown, native Oregon truffle species were hedonically rated and compared for preference by a large group of untrained subjects whose only communality was curiosity about fungi. More subjects liked the truffle aromas than disliked them, but generally, most subjects were indifferent or undecided over the novel truffle aromas. Male and female subjects responded differently to the truffle aromas: most males liked the aromas, while most females were indifferent or did not like them. For individuals who liked the truffle aromas, no significant difference in hedonic scoring was found between male and female populations. However, for those subjects that disliked the truffle aromas, females rated three of the four significantly less desireable than did males.
Molecular studies with a Lozier electron impact apparatus

Abstract The object of this paper has been to point out the potentialities of the Lozier electron impact apparatus for studying simple molecules. The several properties which may be determined with this instrument are first listed. Following a presentation of the various processes occurring on low energy electron bombardment, the manner of measuring a property related to the molecule is outlined by considering a polar dissociation process. The construction and operation of the Lozier apparatus is briefly described. Finally the results of our study of CO with this instrument are presented to demonstrate the utility of this technique of investigation.
Gifted women and teaching: A compatible choice?

This study questions whether feminism and educational interventions for gifted females have resulted in the devaluation of teaching as a career choice for gifted women. Based on life history interviews with 12 gifted female teacher educators, four key findings were revealed. All 12 respondents demonstrated resiliency and reflectiveness, the need for a creative outlet, a need for collaboration and community, and the desire to effect change. This study reveals, through the participants’ own words and experiences, how careers as educators have enabled them to apply these characteristics and fulfill these needs which are common to many gifted across cultures.
Redox induced reversible structural transformations of dimeric and polymeric phenanthroline-based copper chelates.

The synthesis and characterization of copper complexes of the phenanthroline based bridging ligands, 9-methyl-2-(2-{4-[2-(9-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)ethyl]phenyl}ethyl)-1,10-phenanthroline, 1, and 1,12-bis(9-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2-yl)dodecane, 2, are presented. Whereas in the first case a discrete dimeric complex [Cu2(1)2](BF4)2 was formed, in the latter, a coordination polymer [2(Cu(2))n](BF4)n resulted. Both of these materials have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and UV−vis spectroscopy and the results compared to those of the monomeric [Cu(dmp)2](BF4) (dmp is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) species. Oxidation of the dimeric species results in its precipitation and reduction results in stripping of the deposited layer as ascertained from CV and EQCM measurements. The electrooxidation of the copper centers in the coordination polymer results in changes in the coordination which are fully reversible upon reduction. The di...
Possible role of the NADH-fumarate reductase in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in Trypanosoma brucei

Mitochondrial membranes from Trypanosoma brucei procyclic trypomastigotes generated superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in a 2:1 ratio when supplemented with NADH. Fumarate inhibited hydrogen peroxide formation (Ki = 16 microM) with the same affinity as it stimulated NADH-fumarate reductase activity. Superoxide anion production was also 65% inhibited by fumarate (Ki = 20 microM). The KM for NADH of the NADH-fumarate reductase (60 microM) was also similar to that for hydrogen peroxide generation in the absence of fumarate (30 microM). These results suggest that the NADH-fumarate reductase is involved as a source for free radical generation in T. brucei mitochondria.
PennSeq: accurate isoform-specific gene expression quantification in RNA-Seq by modeling non-uniform read distribution

Correctly estimating isoform-specific gene expression is important for understanding complicated biological mechanisms and for mapping disease susceptibility genes. However, estimating isoform-specific gene expression is challenging because various biases present in RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing) data complicate the analysis, and if not appropriately corrected, can affect isoform expression estimation and downstream analysis. In this article, we present PennSeq, a statistical method that allows each isoform to have its own non-uniform read distribution. Instead of making parametric assumptions, we give adequate weight to the underlying data by the use of a non-parametric approach. Our rationale is that regardless what factors lead to non-uniformity, whether it is due to hexamer priming bias, local sequence bias, positional bias, RNA degradation, mapping bias or other unknown reasons, the probability that a fragment is sampled from a particular region will be reflected in the aligned data. This empirical approach thus maximally reflects the true underlying non-uniform read distribution. We evaluate the performance of PennSeq using both simulated data with known ground truth, and using two real Illumina RNA-Seq data sets including one with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction measurements. Our results indicate superior performance of PennSeq over existing methods, particularly for isoforms demonstrating severe non-uniformity. PennSeq is freely available for download at http://sourceforge.net/projects/pennseq.
Physiologic Impact of Closed-System Endotracheal Suctioning in Spontaneously Breathing Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Endotracheal suctioning is required but can have adverse effects, and could affect cardiorespiratory variables that are used to predict whether the patient is ready for extubation. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study in a university hospital9s medical intensive care unit, we measured the impact of closed-system suctioning on cardiopulmonary variables in spontaneously breathing patients weaning from mechanical ventilation. All spontaneously breathing, mechanically ventilated patients were screened for enrollment at the initiation of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Before, during, and after standardized closed-system endotracheal suctioning we measured minute volume, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, respiratory frequency, oxygen saturation, and tidal volume. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled after a median of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–9) ventilator days. Twenty-five patients (86%) were spontaneously breathing on pressure-support ventilation when suctioned. The median post-suctioning recovery time was > 5 min for minute volume, tidal volume, respiratory rate, and ratio of respiratory rate to tidal volume. The post-suctioning median values of the maximum deviations in the ventilatory variables were clinically important: minute volume –2.4 (IQR 1.6–3.7) L/min, respiratory rate 8 (IQR 2–14) breaths/min, tidal volume –175 (108–220) mL. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation increased after suctioning (P CONCLUSIONS: Post-suctioning changes in the measured variables persisted longer in these spontaneously breathing patients weaning from mechanical ventilation than in patients who are sedated and paralyzed. The effects of suctioning on cardiopulmonary function should be considered in practice and during the design of future studies on weaning and extubation prediction variables.
Relationship between aggressive behaviors and depression among nursing home residents with dementia.

Background Verbal and physical aggression are common behavior problems among nursing home residents with dementia. Depression among nursing home residents is also a common but underdiagnosed disorder. Method Data collected on 1101 residents with dementia, newly admitted to a sample of 59 nursing homes across Maryland, were analyzed to determine if there was a relationship between depression and physical and verbal aggression. Results Residents with dementia who manifested physical or verbal aggression had a higher prevalence of depression than those without such behaviors (p<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that nursing home residents with aggressive behaviors should be screened for depression and treated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric deceased donor renal transplantation: An approach to decision making I. Pediatric kidney allocation in the USA: The old and the new

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal disease. More than 50% of children receive a deceased donor renal transplant. Marked disparity between the number of children on the renal transplant wait list and the supply has prompted numerous advances to increase supply as well as maximize the utility of donor organs. Allocation of deceased donor kidneys is based on several criteria. The organ allocation system policy is continually evaluated and changed incrementally to optimize allocation. We, in the United States, are in the process of transitioning into a new kidney allocation system to enhance post-transplant survival benefit, increase utilization of donated kidneys, and increase transplant access for biologically disadvantaged candidates. This review will provide a brief overview of the organ sharing system in the United States, compare the "old" and the "new" allocation system, and discuss the considerations for the pediatric nephrologist while accepting a deceased donor kidney for a particular pediatric patient.
The Diamond Age of Spintronics: Room Temperature Spin Control

We fabricate and characterize photonic crystal microcavities in poly-crystalline diamond and observe quality factors up to 600. These structures are a first step towards controllable coupling of single N-V spins to single photons in a cavity-QED system in diamond, revealing new avenues for integrating logic with on-chip quantum communication.
Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Risk for Child-Rearing Difficulties During Middle Adulthood:

Data from a community-based longitudinal study were used to investigate the associations of parental psychiatric disorders evident by early adulthood with child-rearing behavior during middle adulthood. A series of psychiatric assessments was conducted during the adolescence (mean ages 14 and 16) and early adulthood (mean age 22) of 153 males and 224 females. Child-rearing behavior was assessed at mean parental age 33 and mean offspring age 8. Parental anxiety, depressive, disruptive, substance use, and personality disorders evident by mean age 22 were each associated with more than one type of problematic child-rearing behavior at mean age 33, after parental and offspring age and sex and co-occurring parental disorders were controlled statistically. Antisocial, borderline, dependent, paranoid, and passive—aggressive personality disorder symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood were independently associated with the overall level of problematic child-rearing behavior at mean age 33.
Probing the Structural and Dynamic Properties of KCNE1 using Site-Directed Spin Labeling EPR Spectroscopy

KCNE1 (minK) is a membrane protein known to modulate the function of the KCNQ1 voltage-gated potassium ion channel in the human heart. KCNE1 has been over expressed and purified into SDS detergent and reconstituted into POPC/POPG lipid vesicles. We show that that KCNE1 maintains its ability to associate with and modulate KCNQ1 K+ channel activity when placed into POPC/POPG liposomes. Functional measurements of KCNE1 proteoliposomes were performed in Xenopus oocytes expressing KCNQ1 (KV7.1). Our CD measurements show that KCNE1 undergoes a global change in secondary structure when removed from a micelle environment and placed in a lipid bilayer. CW-EPR and Power Saturation EPR experiments have been used to examine the structural and dynamic properties of KCNE1 in micelles and lipid bilayer vesicles. The results indicate that KCNE1 inserts into the POPC/POPG vesicles, S28C and R32C are solvent-exposed and located outside the membrane, and S64C and F54C are buried inside the POPC/POPG lipid bilayer. The differences of KCNE1 placed into either micelles or lipid bilayers will be discussed.
Mechanisms and Outcomes of Drug- and Toxicant-Induced Liver Toxicity in Diabetes

Increase dincidences of hepatotoxicity have been observed in diabetic patients receiving drug therapies. Neither the mechanisms nor the predisposing factors underlying hepatotoxicity in diabetics are clearly understood. Animal studies designed to examine the mechanisms of diabetes-modulated hepatotoxicity have traditionally focused only on bioactivation/detoxification of drugs and toxicants. It is becoming clear that once injury is initiated, additional events determine the final outcome of liver injury. Foremost among them are two leading mechanisms: first, biochemical mechanisms that lead to progression or regression of injury; and second, whether or not timely and adequate liver tissue repair occurs to mitigate injury and restore liver function. The liver has a remarkable ability to repair and restore its structure and function after physical or chemical-induced damage. The dynamic interaction between biotransformation-based liver injury and compensatory tissue repair plays a pivotal role in determining the ultimate outcome of hepatotoxicity initiated by drugs or toxicants. In this review, mechanisms underlying altered hepatotoxicity in diabetes with emphasis on both altered bioactivation and liver tissue repair are discussed. Animal models of both marked sensitivity (diabetic rats) and equally marked protection (diabetic mice) from drug-induced hepatotoxicity are described. These examples represent a remarkable species difference. Availability of the rodent diabetic models offers a unique opportunity to uncover mechanisms of clinical interest in averting human diabetic sensitivity to drug-induced hepatotoxicities. While the rat diabetic models appear to be suitable, the diabetic mouse models might not be suitable in preclinical testing for potential hepatotoxic effects of drugs or toxicants, because regardless of type 1 or type2 diabetes, mice are resistant to acute drug-or toxicant-induced toxicities.
Day-night Differences in the Accumulation and Translocation of Ions by Tobacco Plants.

More K42, Rb86, and Br82 was accumulated by intact tobacco plants and root systems from detopped plants during the night than during the day when studies for both periods were made in dark rooms controlled at 18°. More, however, was translocated to shoots during the day than during the night in intact plants. This latter effect parallels the periodicity of exudation in root systems from detopped plants.
Maladaptive Responses to Relationship Dissolution: The Role of Relationship Contingent Self‐Worth

The present study examined responses to romantic breakup as a function of relationship contingency of self-worth (CSW)—the degree to which individuals base self-worth on being in a romantic relationship. Relationship CSW was hypothesized to be a vulnerability factor, exacerbating affective and behavioral responses to romantic relationship dissolution. Results of structural equation modeling (N = 312) revealed that among participants who reported a breakup over the past year, those who more strongly based self-worth on being in a relationship reported greater emotional distress and obsessive pursuit of their ex-partners than did those with lower relationship CSW. Specifically, emotional distress partially mediated the link between relationship CSW and obsessive pursuit. Implications of relationship CSW for interpersonal motivation and well-being are discussed. jasp_769 1749..1773
Collapse Mechanisms of Langmuir Monolayers

When a two-dimensional (2D) film is compressed to its stability limit, it explores the third dimension via collapse. Understanding this 2D-to-3D transition is of great importance as it provides insight into the origin of defects in thin films. This review draws attention to a reversible folding collapse first discovered in model lung surfactant systems and explores the driving forces for this mechanism. The mode of collapse can be tuned by varying the mechanical properties of the film. I present a continuum elastic theory that captures the onset of the observed folding instability and use digital image analysis to analyze the folding dynamics. This article further explores factors that determine the maximum surface pressure a mixed monolayer can sustain and explains the observed phenomenon using the principle of rigidity percolation. The folding transition observed in lipid monolayers described here has also been observed in other systems, including monolayers of nanoparticles.
Fabrication challenges for next-generation devices: Microelectromechanical systems for radio-frequency wireless communications

With wireless communications becoming an important technology and growth engine for the semiconductor industry, many semiconductor companies are developing technologies to differentiate themselves in this area. One means of accomplishing this goal is to find a way to integrate passive components, which currently make up more than 70% of the discrete components in a wireless handset, directly on-chip thereby greatly simplifying handsets. While a number of technologies are being investigated to allow on-chip integration, microelectromechanical systems technologies are an important part of this development effort. They have been used to create switches, filters, local oscillators, variable capacitors, and high-quality inductors, to name a few examples. The lithography requirements for these devices are very different than those found in standard semiconductor fabrication with the most important involving patterning over extreme topography. We discuss some of the fabrication challenges for these devices as well as some approaches that have been demonstrated to satisfy them.
Data-dependent jitter in serial communications

We present a method for predicting data-dependent jitter (DDJ) introduced by a general linear time-invariant LTI system based on the system's unit step response. We express the exact DDJ of a first-order system and verify the validity of the solution experimentally. We then propose a perturbation technique to generalize the analytical expression for DDJ. We highlight the significance of the unit step response in characterizing DDJ and emphasize that bandwidth is not a complete measure for predicting DDJ. We separate the individual jitter contributions of prior bits and use the result to predict the DDJ of a general LTI system. In particular, we identify a dominant prior bit that signifies the well-known distribution of deterministic jitter, the two impulse functions. We also show a jitter minimization property of high-order LTI systems. We verify our generalized analytical expression of DDJ for several real systems including an integrated CMOS 10-Gb/s trans-impedance amplifier by comparing the theory and measurement results. The theory predicts the jitter with as low as only 7.5% error.