cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron Traps in Rutile TiO 2 Crystals: Intrinsic Small Polarons, Impurities, and Oxygen Vacancies

Rutile TiO 2 is well known for its ability to “trap” photoinduced electrons at Ti 4+ ions and form Ti 3+ ions with an unpaired d 1 electron. This has been shown experimentally to result in a large family of similar, yet slightly different, Ti 3+ -related centers that include both intrinsic small polarons and donor-bound small polarons. In these latter centers, the Ti 3+ ion is located next to an oxygen vacancy or an impurity such as fluorine, lithium, or hydrogen. These small polarons are easily formed in commercially available bulk single crystals of rutile TiO 2 by illuminating oxidized (and nominally undoped) samples at temperatures between 5 and 30 K with sub-band-gap laser light (e.g., 442 nm) or by slight reducing treatments (in the case of hydrogen). Once formed, the ground states of the defects are readily studied at low temperature with magnetic resonance (EPR and ENDOR). Single crystals of rutile TiO 2 provide complete sets of angular dependence data, and thus allow detailed information about the ground-state models of the electron traps to be extracted in the form of g matrices and hyperfine matrices. In this review, the differences and similarities of the various Ti 3+ -related trapped electron centers are described.
Autoimmunity Correlates With Tumor Regression in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Treated With Anti–Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4

Purpose Previously, we reported our experience treating 14 patients with metastatic melanoma using a fully human antibody to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti–CTLA-4) in conjunction with peptide vaccination. We have now treated 56 patients to evaluate two different dose schedules of anti–CTLA-4 and to explore the relationship between autoimmunity and tumor regression. Patients and Methods A total of 56 patients with progressive stage IV melanoma were enrolled onto the study. All had Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60% with no prior history of autoimmunity. Twenty-nine patients received 3 mg/kg anti–CTLA-4 every 3 weeks, whereas 27 received 3 mg/kg as their initial dose with subsequent doses reduced to 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks. In both cohorts patients received concomitant vaccination with two modified HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides from the gp100 melanoma-associated antigen, gp100:209-217(210M) and gp100:280-288(288V). Results Two patients achieved a complete response (ongoing at 30 and 31 months, respec...
Sanfilippo A syndrome in the fetus.

A family is reported in which Sanfilippo A syndrome affected three siblings: the proband and twin premature infants. The feasibility of intrauterine diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) Type IIIA, was demonstrated by the excessive accumulation of 35SO4- mucopolysaccharides in fibroblasts cultured from amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis. Cross-correction studies and enzymatic analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts from the proband and the infants revealed the absence of the MPS IIIA correction factor, heparan sulfate sulfatase. However, when the premature infants expired shortly after birth, no central nervous system histopathology or ultrastructural abnormalities were found. From these observations it would appear that the third trimester fetus with MPS type IIIA has little CNS involvement.
Transformational and Servant Leadership: Content and Contextual Comparisons:

The purpose of the study is to examine conceptual similarities of transformational and servant leadership theories and analyze the contribution both theories make to the understanding of leadership...
Length-dependent self-assembly of oligothiophene derivatives in thin films

Thin-film aggregation characteristics of a series of oligothiophenes with a central thieno[3,4-b]thiophene ester unit and 4 (M5), 8 (M9), and 16 (M17) regioregular hexylthiophene units were investigated. These oligomers exhibited length-dependent self-assembly characteristics upon spin coating. M9 formed long fibers, while M5 and M17 formed random domains. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction was performed to understand the reason for this length dependence. The M5 had a dominant ester–ester interaction that disrupted long-range order. The M9 morphology was due to a balance of orthogonal backbone and ester effects, which imposed long-range order on the M9 aggregates. Meanwhile, the M17 ester chain had a smaller relative contribution to packing and functioned as a molecular defect, disrupting long-range order. As a result, though the local self-assembly between monomers was very similar for the molecules, backbone length dependent changes in intermolecular forces dominated long-range structure. The analysis of self-assembly characteristics in these materials provides guidance in the design of organic conjugated materials for use in semiconductor devices.
Assessing the Psychological Changes of Gifted Students Attending a Residential High School With an Outcome Measurement

This study examined the psychological changes that 272 students experienced while attending a residential school for gifted adolescents in the Midwest. This article shares the quantitative portion of a mixed-methods study. Outcome measurement data from the Youth Outcome Questionnaire Self-Report 2.0 (YOQ-SR) tracked students’ level of psychological distress over the course of an academic year. Using Latent Growth Curve Model (LGM) analysis, the results indicated a strong negative correlation (r = −.884) between the slope and quadratic change, meaning the more the students’ level of stress increased, the more rapidly they were able to reduce it over time. Overall, student distress was not significant enough to reach clinical levels. There was no evidence to support the notion that the residential school experience was harmful to student psychological development.
Behavioral Assessment and Breathing Training in the Treatment of Hyperventilation, Asthma, and Other Conditions

The modalities of the psychophysiological profile detailed in Chapter 5 are respiration rate (breath/minute); respiration mode and pattern (chest versus abdominal, inspiration-expiration ([I/E] ratio); alveolar CO2 (ETCO2, or PETCO2); arterial blood oxihemoglobin (OHb) saturation (SaO2); pulse rate; cardiorespiratory synchrony (RSA); blood pressure; electroencephalograph (alpha versus theta); and peripheral vasotonus (hand, scalp apex temperature). These parameters monitor target behaviors in biofeedback training. In any combination, or subsets, they may also be dependent or independent variables in any controlled approach to the treatment of breathing disorders.
1-[Ferrocenyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1,7-dicarba -closo -dodecaborane: Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure

The synthesis and molecular structure of the novel 1-[ferrocenyl(hydroxy)methyl]-1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (1) is described. Compound 1 was synthesized from reaction of m-carborane and ferrocene carboxaldehyde using n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) or tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in THF in 45% and 36% yield, respectively. Compound 1 consists of a ferrocene molecule tethered to m-carborane through a methylhydroxy bridge. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data: 1 [Fe(C5H5)(C5H4-CH2O-1,7-C2B10H12)], formula weight = 359.17, crystallized in orthorhombic system, space group Pna2 1 with a=19.698(4) A, b=10.709(2) A, c=8.520(2) A, and V=1797.3(7) A3 and Z=4. Refined to R 1=0.043 for 4124 observed reflections with I/σ>2σ(I). The compound was crystallized as racemic twins in a ratio of 73(2)/27(2). The unsubstituted Cp ring was disordered and modeled as two conformations in a 53(3)/47(3) ratio. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding was observed from the hydrogen of the meta-carbon on the carborane cluster towards the hydroxyl oxygen.
Nonstandard parental employment schedules and father involvement

This study assesses the impact of nonstandard employment schedules (shift work) on parenting among US fathers of young children in dual-earner couples. The outcomes examined include total caregiving, caregiving without the mother present, and the elements of father involvement proposed by Pleck: positive engagement, warmth, and control. Models with latent variables and with lagged dependent variables are estimated using three waves of nationally representative data from the Early Child Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort. The results indicate that employment scheduling mainly shapes the context in which involvement takes place. Compared to dual-earner couples who are each employed during the day, fathers in couples in which at least one parent has a nonstandard schedule tend to care for their children more in the mother's absence. To a more limited extent, they also do more caregiving overall. These effects are most conclusively found when the father works during the day and the mother works during the even...
STURGEON | Physiology of Sturgeon

Sturgeon and paddlefish (order Acipenseriformes) are a phylogenetically ancient clade of ray-finned fish, with fossil evidence from the Jurassic Period (∼ 1.5–2.0 × 10 6 years ago). There are 25 extant species of sturgeon and two species of paddlefish living in the fresh- and saltwater of Northern Hemisphere. Although sturgeon differ, morphologically, from teleosts in many respects (e.g., cartilaginous skeleton, bony scutes on skin, and spiral valve intestine), the two groups share many physiological and endocrinological similarities, either due to ancient, inherited characteristics from a common ancestor or due to convergent evolutionary responses to similar environments. However, physiological differences from teleosts also have been noted, including decreased plasma (corticosteroid) responses to environmental stressors, delayed and decreased plasma pH-restoration responses to environmental hypercapnia, a decreased accumulation of plasma (lactate) following severe chasing stress, and excretion of some carbonate and bicarbonate as intestinal precipitates. Unfortunately, due to intense fishing pressures and habitat degradation (including blocked access to freshwater spawning sites), virtually all of the world’s sturgeon populations are depleted. Further physiological studies are needed to better understand sturgeons’ environmental requirements in natural and culture-related settings.
The emotions of powerlessness

After briefly considering cognitive aspects of powerlessness, we propose that the affective basis of powerlessness is comprised of four primary emotions–acceptance–acquiescence, anticipation–expectation, sadness, and fear. Plutchik’s psychoevolutionary model of primary emotions, together with a partial classification of pairwise combinations of these four emotions, enables a theoretical model hypothesizing that powerlessness also involves six secondary-level emotions – fatalism, pessimism, resignation, anxiety, submissiveness, and shame. A quantitative content analysis of 564 life-historical interviews of Australian Aborigines and Euro-Australians was used for structural equations models relating objective and subjective powerlessness. The results of these analyses fit the data. Cultural and sex difference in the manifest variables were analyzed. This work aspires to contribute to alienation theory, to establish a linkage between alienation theory and the sociology of emotions, and to develop hierarchical...
CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT IN THE RADIOLARIAN GENUS, EUCYRTIDIUM.

Character displacement is the accentuation of morphological, ecological, or behavioral differences between two newly differentiated cognate species in the region of their secondary geographical overlap following the allopatric phase of speciation (Brown and Wilson, 1956). In 1947, Lack credited this microevolutionary mechanism with the acceleration of adaptive radiation in Darwin's finches. Since then, character displacement has been reported in such diverse living organisms as birds, amphibians, and insects (Brown and Wilson, 1956), but has only recently been documented in fossil populations (Eldredge, 1968; Eldredge and Gould, 1972). The augmentation, during the sympatric phase of speciation (Mayr's (1940) third and fourth stages of speciation), of differences acquired by two cognate species while they were still geographically isolated from each other has at least two effects in living populations: (1) that of reinforcing incipient reproductive barriers between two species when continued attempts at interbreeding would represent a wastage of reproductive effort (Mayr, 1963:92) and (2) that of fostering ecological divergence between closely related species where they are in competition for the limited resources of a single habitat. On a long-term basis, the mechanisms involved in the sympatric phase of speciation, including character displacement, have enormous evolutionary consequences. These mechanisms, together with the mechanisms responsible for subspecific
Satellite image collection modeling for large area hazard emergency response

Abstract Timely collection of critical hazard information is the key to intelligent and effective hazard emergency response decisions. Satellite remote sensing imagery provides an effective way to collect critical information. Natural hazards, however, often have large impact areas – larger than a single satellite scene. Additionally, the hazard impact area may be discontinuous, particularly in flooding or tornado hazard events. In this paper, a spatial optimization model is proposed to solve the large area satellite image acquisition planning problem in the context of hazard emergency response. In the model, a large hazard impact area is represented as multiple polygons and image collection priorities for different portion of impact area are addressed. The optimization problem is solved with an exact algorithm. Application results demonstrate that the proposed method can address the satellite image acquisition planning problem. A spatial decision support system supporting the optimization model was developed. Several examples of image acquisition problems are used to demonstrate the complexity of the problem and derive optimized solutions.
Effect and safety of Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie in acute diarrhea:a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial in children

Objectives To evaluate the effect and safety of Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie in children with acute diarrhea.Methods A multicenter,randomized,open-label,active-controlled clinical trial was carried out in three hospitals from March 2011 to December 2012.Children with acute diarrhea were enrolled and divided randomly into two groups,the observation group(treated with Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie) and the control group(treated with smectite powder).Boths groups received oral rehydration salts treatment.Symptoms and signs were recorded before and after therapy.The therapeutic effect was evaluated at 3 and 5 days after therapy.All of the adverse drug reactions were recorded during the study.Results In 197 children who completed the study,100 children received Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie and 97 received smectite powder.Both groups were similar in age and gender distribution,weight,duration and frequency of diarrhea,times of vomiting,degree of dehydration and so on(P0.05).After therapy,effective rates of the observation group at 3 days(97%) and 5 days(100%) were similar to those of control group(P0.05).The effective rate for relieving vomiting in the observation group was higher than that in control group(P0.05).No obvious adverse drug reactions were found during the study.Conclusions Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie has the same effect as smectite powder for treatment of acute diarrhea in children and is more effective in vomiting.Furthermore,no obvious adverse drug reactions were found.
Progress toward the Total Synthesis of N-Methylwelwitindolinone B Isothiocyanate

Progress toward the welwitindolinone alkaloid N-methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate is reported. A key reaction to synthesize the [4.3.1] bicycle embedded in the core of the molecule is a furan type 2 intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction with a tetrasubstituted dienophile, which sets the two vicinal quaternary centers present in the natural product. The sterically encumbered cycloaddition precursor was synthesized using a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction followed by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Finally, introduction of the secondary alkyl chloride was achieved by a regio- and diastereoselective opening of a [2.2.1] oxobicycloheptane functionality.
Cutaneous fungal infections in HIV/AIDS.

AIDS: Various cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations that are associated with HIV infection and AIDS from the superficial Candida albicans to systemic infections such as that caused by Histoplasma capsulatum are discussed. Specific topics cover superficial fungal infections such as blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptoccosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and sporotrichosis; and manifestations from systemic fungal infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Penicillium marneffei. Diagnostic advice involving these conditions is offered. In the area of diagnosis, it is advised that when considering the possibility that a mucocutaneous lesion in an HIV-infected patient is secondary to dissemination of a systemic fungal infection, a tissue biopsy of that lesion should be performed for histologic evaluational and microbiologic cultures. Light microscopic examination after routine staining with hematoxylin-eosin and/or special staining for fungi with either periodic acid-Schiff or Gomori methenamine silver is also recommended in diagnosing a systemic fungal infection. Diagnostic molecular microbiology is making progress in expediting diagnosis of some of these infections, but it is not yet routinely available.
Protein kinase CK2 signal in neoplasia

Protein kinase CK2 (previously known as casein kinase II) is a protein serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in cell growth and proliferation. The focus of this review is on the apparent role of CK2 in cancer. Studies from several laboratories have shown a dysregulated expression of the kinase in tumors. Nuclear matrix and chromatin appear to be key sites for signaling of the CK2 activity in relation to cell growth. Several types of growth stimuli produce a common downstream response in CK2 by enhancing its nuclear shuttling. The neoplastic change is also associated with changes in intracellular localization of the kinase so that a higher nuclear localization is observed in tumor cells compared with normal cells. Experimental studies suggest that dysregulated expression of the alpha subunit of CK2 imparts an oncogenic potential in the cells such that in cooperation with certain oncogenes it produces a profound enhancement of the tumor phenotype. Recent studies have provided evidence that overexpression of CK2 in tumor cells is not simply a reflection of tumor cell proliferation alone but additionally may reflect the pathobiological characteristics of the tumor. Of considerable interest is the possibility that CK2 dysregulation in tumors may influence the apoptotic activity in those cells. Approaches to interfering with the CK2 signal may provide a useful means for inducing tumor cell death.
Changes in the Distribution of Income in the United States

The purpose of the present paper is to present a selection from the wealth of data bearing on changes in the distribution of income in the United States, and to indicate some of the more important structural changes in the U.S. economy that have had an impact on the distribution.1 Although data available would permit a consideration of income distribution by occupation, by race, by age- groups, by regions, by education, and other variables, attention will be mainly focused on: (1) the changes in the size distribution of income for the United States as a whole since 1929, and (2) changes in the distribution between property and labour in the United States since 1850.
Inhibition of CRM1-Mediated Nuclear Export of Transcription FACTORS by Leukemogenic NUP98 Fusion Proteins.

Abstract 1959 Poster Board I-982 NUP98 is a nucleoporin that plays complex roles in the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules. Rearrangements of the NUP98 gene in human leukemia result in the expression of numerous fusion oncoproteins whose effect on nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of leukemogenic NUP98 fusion proteins on CRM1-mediated nuclear export. NUP98-HOXA9, a prototypic NUP98 fusion, inhibited the nuclear export of two known CRM1 substrates: mutated cytoplasmic nucleophosmin (NPMc) and HIV-1 Rev. In-vitro binding assays revealed that NUP98-HOXA9 binds CRM1 through the FG-repeat motif in a Ran-GTP dependent manner similar to but stronger than the interaction between CRM1 and its export substrates. Two NUP98 fusions, NUP98-HOXA9 and NUP98-DDX10, whose fusion partners are structurally and functionally unrelated, interacted with endogenous CRM1 in cells as shown by co-immunoprecipitation. These leukemogenic NUP98 fusion proteins interacted with CRM1, Ran, and the nucleoporin NUP214 in a manner fundamentally different from that of wild-type NUP98. NUP98-HOXA9 and NUP98-DDX10 formed characteristic aggregates within the nuclei of myeloid cells and caused aberrant localization of CRM1 to these aggregates. These NUP98 fusions caused nuclear accumulation of two transcription factors, NFAT and NFΚB, that are regulated by CRM1-mediated export. The nuclear entrapment of NFAT and NFΚB correlated with enhanced transcription from promoters responsive to these transcription factors. Taken together, the results suggest a new mechanism by which NUP98 fusions dysregulate transcription and cause leukemia, namely, inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export with aberrant nuclear retention of transcriptional regulators. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Increasing breastfeeding rates among African-American women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: application of Social Cognitive Theory

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding offers tremendous health benefits to both child and mother. In spite of these many benefits, current rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity among African-American women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are lower than rates of other ethnic groups. The decision to breastfeed is complicated, and strategies are needed to increase breastfeeding rates among these women. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) offers hope for understanding these complicated decisions and for developing strategies to overcome this problem. The purpose of this paper is to explore the literature and develop strategies based on SCT to increase breastfeeding among African-American women enrolled in WIC.
Delivery of mRNA into Dendritic Cells Using Novel Transfer Peptides Leads to Prolonged Antigen Expression and Potent Immune Responses In Vivo.

We have previously shown that vaccination with RNA-transfected DC is a potent strategy to stimulate CTL and antitumor immunity in cancer patients. In this study, we investigated whether novel transfer peptides derived from the RNA-binding region of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein could be utilized for effective delivery of mRNA into human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). Here we show that both peptide-mediated mRNA delivery and electroporation of DC with mRNA resulted in efficient gene transfer. However, the use of transfer peptides led to prolonged antigen expression and did not negatively affect the viability of DC, the migratory capacity of matured DC, and the production of cytokines by these cells in vitro. In murine studies, DC loaded with transfer peptide-mRNA complexes were clearly superior, compared to mRNA-electroporated DC, in stimulating antigen-specific CTL, CD4+ T cell, and antibody responses. Importantly, no transfer peptide-specific cellular or humoral immune responses were detected in vaccinated mice. Our data suggest that vaccination with transfer peptide-mRNA-loaded DC may represent a promising strategy to stimulate potent anti-tumor immune responses in a vaccination setting.
Can Genomic Copy Number Variants Be a Part of Complex Genetic Traits Predisposing to Marrow Failure

Abstract Individual variability, including disease susceptibility, is determined by the interaction of inherited single base differences (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) of large genomic regions. A complex combination of these factors may result in a genetic background predisposing to disease. Regions of CNV account for approximately 12% of the human genome, including coding sequences and can range in size from kilobases to megabases. Recent studies have investigated the correlation between CNVs and complex conditions, including mental retardation, lupus and cardiovascular disease. While SNPs have been intensely investigated in many diseases, the influence of CNVs on disease susceptibility is only poorly understood. With the advent of high-throughput, high density array technology, global analysis of complex disease predisposition traits, including CNVs, can be performed. We have applied high-density SNP arrays (SNP-A) for the analysis of somatic chromosomal defects in various hematologic disorders. During our studies we noted a high frequency of germ-line CNVs, complicating our analysis of somatic defects. This observation lead us to the hypothesis that CNVs can themselves constitute predisposition factors to disease and chose to systematically investigate their type and frequency in myeloid disorders including aplastic anemia (AA; N=65), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; N=145) and primary and secondary (non-core binding factor) acute myeloid leukemia (AML; N=75). We performed whole genome scanning in patients and a cohort of healthy controls (N=79) using the Affymetrix 250K SNP array. We first identified and catalogued CNVs in controls; their frequency was compared to those reported in the Database of Genomic Variants ( http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/ ) and found to be similar. The CNVs ranged in size from 245.6 Kb to 2.32 Mb (average 805.9 Kb) and were identified on all chromosomes except 5, 13, 16, 18 and 21. We next analyzed copy number changes in patients with myeloid disorders. Using controls (both our cohort and those in the literature) as a reference we determined the frequencies of recurrent CNVs in patients. For most of the CNVs the frequency was
A new species of Odontozona Holthuis, 1946 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae) from the Caribbean Sea

A new shallow-water species of the stenopodid shrimp genus Odontozona is described based on a specimen collected on a coral reef environment in the San Bernardo Islands, Caribbean coast of Colombia. Odontozona edyli n. sp. can be separated from all other congenerics by a combination of morphological characteristics, most notably the ornate abdomen with a distinct and complex pattern of spines, carinae and grooves, spination of the carapace, length of rostrum, armature of third cheliped, third maxilliped and telson. This new species is more similar to O. arbur and O. s culpticaudata from the Indo-Pacific than to any other species of Odonto zona from the western Atlantic. An unreported male specimen of O. striata from Jamaica, Caribbean Sea revealed morphological differences with the female holotype described by Goy (1981), suggesting a possible sexual dimorphism or a high intra-specific variability as reported for some Indo-Pacific Odontozona species.
Study of the thermal effects of a five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor under fault tolerant control

This paper presents a study on the thermal effects of a five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM) under various fault conditions. The major advantage of a five-phase system is the additional number of phases which make it suitable for fault tolerant control in critical service applications. However, under the fault tolerant control (FTC), to maintain maximum torque, the phase currents are changed (magnitude and phase) in the remaining healthy phases. This change results in higher copper losses and heat generated in the healthy phases. Additionally, under FTC, the temperature rises unevenly inside the machine which leads to unbalanced magnetic pull. Due to this unbalanced magnetic pull, the actual torque capability of the machine reduces which may seem counterproductive to the fault tolerant advantage of the system. In this study, the temperature sensitivity of a five-phase PMaSynRM under FTC has been investigated through finite element (FE) analysis. The experimental analysis has been conducted on a 5 hp five-phase motor drive system.
The medial vestibular nuclei, a vulnerable target in thiamine deficiency.

Bilateral medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) is a common target in thiamine depletion and results in acute vestibular failure. Involvement of the MVN was present in 27 out of 38 brainstem sections reported in the largest thiamine deficiency autopsy cohort with Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Serial clinical, imaging and vestibulo-ocular reflex gain measured with the video head impulse (vHIT) in one patient with acute thiamine deficiency. Low horizontal VOR gain correlated with an abnormal manual head impulse and with MRI evidence of MVN in an alcohol-dependent patient with low thiamine levels. The vertical VOR gain was either normal or mildly abnormal. Thiamine replacement and normal diet restored the VOR gain and MRI signal changes to normal. This single case study provides clinical-imaging correlation for symmetric MVN compromise in thiamine deficiency, its effect on the VOR gain and the favorable response to thiamine and diet replacement when identified early.
Activity-Based Goals Generated by Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Client-centered care is one promising rehabilitation model that may support the unique needs of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This secondary analysis examined (a) whether older adults with MCI generated activity-based goals using a client-centered model and (b) the types of goals generated. Thirteen older adults with MCI addressed 55 goals. Using client-centered care, the participants generated goals despite subtle limitations in activities and participation. Participants generated the greatest number of goals related to instrumental activities of daily living. This study demonstrated that older adults with MCI generated goals through a client-centered model. This is important because older adults with MCI are at risk for disability, and they may benefit from early rehabilitation care models that minimize activity limitations and participation restrictions despite underlying cognitive impairments.
Neuropsychological Evaluation in the Management of Brain Disorders

Brain abnormality typically is associated with limitation in one or more aspects of intellectual performance, and careful neuropsychological evaluation can help delineate what contribution brain dysfunction is making to behavioral difficulties and in what way such dysfunction may be hampering performance of expected tasks and roles.
Acts and omissions

Which is worse: to hurt someone through an action or through failing to act? In everyday moral thinking, we are apt to say that the act is worse than the omission. Yet, utilitarianism and, more generally, consequentialism are notorious for holding that the act-omission distinction in itself is morally irrelevant. Utility theory also implies that the act-omission distinction is in itself irrelevant to all sorts of decisions, not just those that affect others. This claim challenges everyday moral thinking. It implies, for example, that intentionally failing to help the needy is equivalent to harming them.
A study of the deactivation and service life of Ir oxide anodes supported on Al substrates

The deactivation of Ir oxides supported on Al substrates has been studied in 0.5 M H2SO4. Their electrochemical behaviour and service life was also compared to IrO2 electrodes, similarly prepared, supported on Ti. The Ir oxides were prepared by thermal decomposition of an Ir salt precursor solution. The service life and other oxide properties were found to be influenced by different factors used for preparation of the Ir oxide electrodes, for example, the temperature used for the decomposition process and the solution used to etch the Al substrate. In contrast to the IrO2 anodes supported on Ti, the service lives of the IrO2 anodes supported on Al were found to be very short. The deactivation of the latter anodes appears to be related to poor adhesion between the Ir oxide and the Al substrate. However, it was found that the service life of IrO2 anodes supported on Al is increased when a layer consisting of iridium is electrochemically deposited onto the Al substrate prior to the thermal formation of the IrO2.
New Methods for Conflict Data

This chapter sketches out some new ways to look at conflict data sets. Since political scientists have more computer power available to them than at perhaps any point in the past, the paper emphasizes methods whose principle feature is that they purchase substantive realism at the cost of more compute cycles, not more advanced statistics. Existing statistical theory is sufficient to perform much more realistic analyses than are typically performed, but it is not necessarily found in the standard location. Most of the models and methods described here can be found in other guises in the field of machine learning. Political methodology is often accused of importing techniques wholesale from other disciplines, particularly econometrics, and by introducing machine learning as another field worth mining, this paper continues a long tradition. 1 The sections below consider new approaches to two important sources of information about conflict: event data and conflict databases. Event data remain underused in international relations, in part because of the apparently narrow range of inferences they license using existing methods. Hopefully, widening the range of available methods should earn this sort of data a wider audience, and help integrate them more fully into quantitative international relations research. Conflict data sets, e.g. the State Failure, and Correlates of War datasets (Esty et al., 1998; Singer and Diehl, 1990), in contrast, are widely used to provide data for regression analysis and this application is well-understood. Trappl and colleagues have recently applied case-based reasoning methods to making predictions (see Chapter 11 in this volume). We describe how this work might itself be generalized in a way that allows it to be integrated back into regular statistical methodology using probabilistic expert systems. 1. But it is a good one; methodology should always be about ensuring a model represents your theory, not somebody else’s, so ultimately it is the theory that matters, and any model that effectively represents it is good enough, wherever it came from.
Ecological effects and effectiveness of silvicultural restoration treatments in whitebark pine forests

Abstract Silvicultural thinning treatments to restore whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) are widely used in subalpine forests throughout the western United States (US) and Canada. The objectives of these treatments are to (1) improve the condition of whitebark pine at all ages, (2) to improve seedling recruitment processes, and (3) mitigate the damage caused by mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) and white pine blister rust (WPBR; caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola). However, there is some disagreement about the ecological basis of restoration and a paucity of information on the effects these activities – few treatments have been monitored to assess their success. We investigated the ecological effects of silvicultural restoration treatments in whitebark pine forests and evaluated their success by retrospectively sampling five treatment sites in the western US 6–10 years after implementation. We found strong evidence of growth release at a site previously characterized by closed-canopy stands. Growth responses in more open, park-like stands, however, were variable: we found weak growth increases at one site, weak growth decreases at another and no response at two other sites. At the site with strong growth increases, trees with previous damage from WPBR infection had growth increases similar to uninfected trees. We found low rates of whitebark pine seedling recruitment overall, and no increase in whitebark pine recruitment associated with treatments at any site. However, at one site, treated stands had higher regeneration of non-target species than did untreated stands. Post-treatment mortality (mostly from the late 2000s MPB outbreak) was significantly lower in the treated stand at the closed-canopy site; at the other sites, there was no difference in mortality between treated and untreated stands. The treatments had little detectable effect on short-term growth-climate relationships, although our analyses revealed that whitebark pine growth at our sites was more temperature limited than water limited. While some management goals were achieved, many were not, and there were some unintended consequences. Our results call for a closer examination of the ecological basis of silvicultural restoration treatments in whitebark pine and an expanded use of adaptive management.
Tuning the electronic properties of hexanuclear cobalt sulfide superatoms via ligand substitution.

Molecular clusters are attractive superatomic building blocks for creating materials with tailored properties due to their unique combination of atomic precision, tunability and functionality. The ligands passivating these superatomic clusters offer an exciting opportunity to control their electronic properties while preserving their closed shells and electron counts, which is not achievable in conventional atoms. Here we demonstrate this concept by measuring the anion photoelectron spectra of a series of hexanuclear cobalt sulfide superatomic clusters with different ratios of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing ligands, Co6S8(PEt3)6−x(CO)x (x = 0–3). We find that Co6S8(PEt3)6 has a low electron affinity (EA) of 1.1 eV, and that the successive replacement of PEt3 ligands with CO gradually shifts its electronic spectrum to lower energy and increases its EA to 1.8 eV. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the increase of EA results from a monotonic lowering of the cluster highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). Our work provides unique insights into the electronic structure and tunability of superatomic building blocks.
Origin of lunar Very High Potassium (VHK) basalts: A combination of endogenous and exogenous processes

Abstract Very high potassium or VHK basalts have been described from the Apollo 14 landing site at Fra Mauro on the lunar near side. Many of the known samples are clasts in polymict breccias with a few as New work completed on fourteen VHK basalts include Crystal Size Distributions (CSDs) and in-situ chemical analyses and element maps collected by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). CSDs completed on three VHK basalt samples indicate that these basalts are not impact melts and represent endogenous melts of the lunar interior. Potassium Kα element maps reveal the spatial relationship between the K-rich material and the basalt clasts with attached breccia matrix if present. In-situ EPMA analyses have identified two distinct types of K-rich material: K-feldspar and K-rich glass. With these new data, an additional mechanism for an exogenic petrogenesis of VHK basalts is proposed that involves the impact process. VHK basalts can be divided into two groups based on density and viscosity. VHK-1 basalts formed when a hot impact ejecta covered the granite/felsite-rich matrix material containing high-Al basalt clasts. Heat from the impact ejecta partially melted and possibly evaporated nearby K-bearing materials, which then infiltrated and contaminated the high-Al clasts. VHK-2 basalts are consistent with the hypothesis of granite assimilation by a high-Al magma, as seen in the higher abundances of network-forming elements.
Effectiveness of Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Features Compared to Kurtosis Based Features for Diagnosis of Pinion Crack Detection in a Helicopter

Abstract : Features based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of measured vibration data were developed for a Bell OH-58 helicopter main rotor gearbox. A tooth on the input pinion of the gearbox was notched and run for an extended period at several over-torque conditions to induce a tooth fracture. Vibration data were recorded at regular intervals until a tooth fractured. The EMD features were found to be more sensitive to the gearbox condition than the kurtosis-based feature (FM4), and they diagnosed the onset of cracked tooth much earlier.
Implementing Abbreviated MRI Screening Into a Breast Imaging Practice

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe steps for implementing abbreviated breast MRI into a breast imaging practice. CONCLUSION. Mammographic screening for breast cancer has been the standard of care. However, breast cancer remains a leading cause of death of women. Studies have shown that MRI performed with an abbreviated protocol for women at average and slightly increased risk depicts mammographically occult biologically significant cancers at early stages.
Effects of Size and Flight Performance on Intermale Mate Competition in the Cicada Killer, Sphecius speciosus Drury (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

The characteristics of successfully mating male cicada killers (Sphecius speciosus Drury) were compared to those of unsuccessful males. In the field, successful males were larger and had higher ratios of flight muscle mass to body mass (flight muscle ratios) than unsuccessful males. The elevated flight muscle ratio of successful males was not because of semen transfer to the female nor because of an allometric effect. Better territory-holding ability and flight maneuverability probably contribute to the success of large males with a high flight muscle ratio in nature under most conditions. However, temporal or situational conditions may also exist whereby small males may occasionally have opportunities to mate.
Universal spin dynamics in infinite-temperature one-dimensional quantum magnets

Author(s): Dupont, M; Moore, JE | Abstract: We address the nature of spin dynamics in various integrable and nonintegrable, isotropic and anisotropic quantum spin-S chains, beyond the paradigmatic S=1/2 Heisenberg model. In particular, we investigate the algebraic long-time decay ât-1/z of the spin-spin correlation function at infinite temperature, using state-of-the-art simulations based on tensor network methods. We identify three universal regimes for the spin transport, independent of the exact microscopic model: (i) superdiffusive with z=3/2, as in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class, when the model is integrable with extra symmetries such as spin isotropy that drive the Drude weight to zero, (ii) ballistic with z=1 when the model is integrable with a finite Drude weight, and (iii) diffusive with z=2 with easy-axis anisotropy or without integrability, at variance with previous observations.
Analyzing Argumentative Discourse from a Rhetorical Perspective: Defining `Person' and `Human Life' in Constitutional Disputes Over Abortion

In this paper, a case study is presented of constitutional debates about abortion. An analysis is given of arguments from the Roe v. Wade case for definitions concerning the key notions of `person' and `human life'. The paper illustrates how the Court has gradually taken a more pragmatic or rhetorical position on definitional matters crucial to the purpose of regulating abortion.
"Après Mois, Le Déluge": Preparing for the Coming Data Flood in the MRI-Guided Radiotherapy Era.

Magnetic resonance imaging provides a sea of quantitative and semi-quantitative data. While radiation oncologists already navigate a pool of clinical (semantic) and imaging data, the tide will swell with the advent of hybrid MRI/linear accelerator devices and increasing interest in MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT), including adaptive MRIgRT. The variety of MR sequences (of greater complexity than the single parameter Hounsfield unit of CT scanning routinely used in radiotherapy), the workflow of adaptive fractionation, and the sheer quantity of daily images acquired are challenges for scaling this technology. Biomedical informatics, which is the science of information in biomedicine, can provide helpful insights for this looming transition. Funneling MRIgRT data into clinically meaningful information streams requires committing to the flow of inter-institutional data accessibility and interoperability initiatives, standardizing MRIgRT dosimetry methods, streamlining MR linear accelerator workflow, and standardizing MRI acquisition and post-processing, a current topic this review will attempt to conceptually ford using clinical informatics approaches as a theoretical bridge.
Deployment and retrieval of a cylinder from a moored rectangular barge

Abstract The equations of motion of the coupled dynamics of a moored barge and cylinder for deployment/retrieval operations in waves and current are formulated using Kane’s formalism [1] and an approximate analytic evaluation of the first order wave forces. Such systems are commonly used for oceanographic and marine renewable energy applications as well as in offshore oil operations. The purpose is to provide an outline of an algorithm which can be used in preliminary design for evaluating the barge and payload dynamics in extreme environments. Some typical results are presented.
A general solution for accelerating screw dislocations in arbitrary slip systems with reflection symmetry

Abstract Solutions to the differential equations of linear elasticity in the continuum limit in arbitrary crystal symmetry are known only for steady-state dislocations of arbitrary character, i.e. line defects moving at constant velocity. Troubled by singularities at certain ‘critical’ velocities (typically close to certain sound speeds), these dislocation fields are thought to be too idealized, and divergences are usually attributed to neglecting the finite size of the core and to the restriction to constant velocity. In the isotropic limit, accelerating pure screw and edge dislocations were studied some time ago. A generalization to anisotropic crystals has been attempted for pure screw and edge dislocations only for some special cases. This work aims to fill the gap of deriving a general anisotropic solution for pure screw dislocations applicable to slip systems featuring a reflection symmetry, a prerequisite to studying pure screw dislocations without mixing with edge dislocations. Further generalizations to arbitrary mixed dislocations as well as regularizations of the dislocation core are beyond the scope of this paper and are left for future work.