cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Fatherhood Matter for Men

Ignored in the flurry of new research on fathers is that fatherhood may have consequences for men. This article explores possible effects on the lives and well-being of men for a range of fatherhood experiences. Data are drawn from the National Survey of Families and Households. The first part of this article examines whether men's varied associations with children (no children, coresident, non-coresident, and stepfatherhood) are associated with men's psychological health and behavior, social connections, intergenerational family relations, and work behavior. We found strong evidence that fathers differ from nonfathers in their social connections, family relationships, and work behavior. There is significant variation in effects among the father types as well. The second section of this article focuses attention only on men who are fathers and examines whether fathering behavior (e.g., the amount of time and nature of the activities that fathers are reported to be spending with their children) is associated with men's well-being. The effects of father involvement on men was found to be most significant for those who were living with their own children.
A new look at evolution in the Galapagos: evidence from the late Cenozoic marine molluscan fauna

Published by and copyright of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society and Wiley-Blackwell. The definitive version of this article is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb02054.x/abstract
Carbamazepine-induced pseudolymphoma with CD-30 positive cells ☆ ☆☆ ★

A 44-year-old woman known to be allergic to phenytoin was treated with carbamazepine for 1 month and developed fever, lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and a morbilliform eruption. A skin biopsy specimen showed atypical lymphocytes in the dermis that were CD-3+, CD-30+, and L26-. T-cell gene rearrangement studies were negative. A diagnosis of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome with histologic features of a pseudolymphoma was made and her illness quickly improved after carbamazepine was discontinued. This case was typical of the anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome and demonstrated cross-reactivity among the aromatic anticonvulsants. However, to our knowledge, this represents the first report of a carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity with histologic features of a cutaneous pseudolymphoma, including CD-30+ cells.
Survival of Moraxella bovis in the alimentary tract of the face fly.

A hemolytic bacterium, Moraxella bovis (Hauduroy), the causative organism of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, was fed in Trypticase-soy broth to 4 to 6-day-old female Musca autumnalis DeGeer. M. bovis was recovered from alimentary tracts of the flies up to 48 h, but not 72 h, after ingestion of the bacterial suspension. More bacterial isolates were obtained from crops than from midguts, and no M. bovis was found in either the hindgut or hemolymph.
Synthesis and structural characterization of tris(2-mercapto-1-adamantylimidazolyl)hydroborato complexes: a sterically demanding tripodal [S3] donor ligand.

The tris(2-mercapto-1-adamantylimidazolyl)hydroborato ligand, [TmAd], has been synthesized via the reaction of 1-adamantyl-2-mercaptoimidazole with MBH4 (M = Li, K). [TmAd]M has been used to synthesize a variety of compounds of the main-group and transition elements, including [TmAd]ZnI, {[TmAd]GaI}[GaI4], {[TmAd]GaCl}[GaCl4], {[TmAd]GaGa[TmAd]}[GaCl4]2, {[TmAd]2In}[InI4], [TmAd]In(κ2-mimAd)Cl, [TmAd]Ga→B(C6F5)3, [TmAd]In→B(C6F5)3, and [TmAd]Re(CO)3. Structural characterization of [TmAd]Re(CO)3 demonstrates that the [TmAd] ligand is more encapsulating than other [TmR] ligands, including [TmBut], while IR spectroscopic studies indicate that the [TmAd] and [TmBut] ligands have very similar electron-donating properties.
Reticulo-endothelial blockade and capillary resistance response to cortisone and STH.

SummaryIt is shown that blocking the RE system with India ink diminishes or abolishes capillary resistance response to cortisone and STH. That large doses of cortisone can overcome the block suggests that the RE system functions by increasing sensitivity of tissues to cortisone.
Simultaneous Determination of 13 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Peanut by Solid Phase Extraction Gas Chromatography

[Objective]To establish a method for detection of 13 organophosphorus pesticide residues in peanut by gas chromatography.[Methods]After addition of acetonitrile,ultrasonic extraction,filtration,salting out and layered the organic phase was blown by nitrogen and concentrated,then purified by CARB/NH2 column and condensed with a rotary evaporator.The volume was fixed with acetone and detected by Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detector(FPD).[Results]The average recoveries of 13 organophosphorus pesticide was 65.0%～109.2%,with RSD of 1.84%～5.12%.The detection limit was 0.031 ～0.074 mg/kg.[Conclusion]This method is rapid,accurate and satisfied with rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues in peanut.
Regulation of the urinary excretion of endothelin in the rat.

The regulation of the urinary excretion of endothelin (UETV) and its clinical significance has not yet been established. The present study was designed to examine the effect of angiotensin II (A-II), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and nifedipine on UETV. Anesthetized Munich-Wistar rats were infused with low (50 ng/kg/min) and high (500 ng/kg/min) doses of A-II for 30 min. Both doses significantly increased UETV, from nondetectable (ND) levels to 155 +/- 54 (P < .03) and 450 +/- 86 fg/min (P < .001), respectively. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in urine flow (UV), from 6 +/- 1 to 67 +/- 12 and 89 +/- 10 microL/min, and in mean arterial pressure (MAP), from 139 +/- 4 to 187 +/- 5 and 217 +/- 3 mm Hg. Infusions of A-II with its nonspecific antagonist, saralasin, resulted in a further increase in UETV to 647 +/- 126 and 782 +/- 117 fg/min (P < .002), respectively. However, infusion of A-II with its specific antagonist, losartan, completely blocked its stimulatory effect on UETV. Infusion of AVP, 10 or 100 mU/kg/h, produced increases in MAP, from 134 +/- 3 to 165 +/- 7 and 203 +/- 4 mm Hg, and in UV from 6 +/- 1 to 37 +/- 6 and 97 +/- 17 microL/min, comparable to A-II, but AVP did not have a marked effect on UETV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Response of a habitat-forming marine plant to a simulated warming event is delayed, genotype specific, and varies with phenology

Growing evidence shows that increasing global temperature causes population declines and latitudinal shifts in geographical distribution for plants living near their thermal limits. Yet, even populations living well within established thermal limits of a species may suffer as the frequency and intensity of warming events increase with climate change. Adaptive response to this stress at the population level depends on the presence of genetic variation in thermal tolerance in the populations in question, yet few data exist to evaluate this. In this study, we examined the immediate effects of a moderate warming event of 4.5°C lasting 5 weeks and the legacy effects after a 5 week recovery on different genotypes of the marine plant Zostera marina (eelgrass). We conducted the experiment in Bodega Bay, CA USA, where average summer water temperatures are 14–15°C, but extended warming periods of 17–18°C occur episodically. Experimental warming increased shoot production by 14% compared to controls held at ambient temperature. However, after returning temperature to ambient levels, we found strongly negative, delayed effects of warming on production: shoot production declined by 27% and total biomass decreased by 50% relative to individuals that had not been warmed. While all genotypes’ production decreased in the recovery phase, genotypes that grew the most rapidly under benign thermal conditions (control) were the most susceptible to the detrimental effects of warming. This suggests a potential tradeoff in relative performance at normal vs. elevated temperatures. Modest short-term increases in water temperature have potentially prolonged negative effects within the species’ thermal envelope, but genetic variation within these populations may allow for population persistence and adaptation. Further, intraspecific variation in phenology can result in maintenance of population diversity and lead to enhanced production in diverse stands given sufficient frequency of warming or other stress events.
Factors that influence the elderly to use traditional or nontraditional nutrition information sources.

This study analyzed sociodemographic variables, access to medical care, health status-related variables, and nutrition status-related variables to determine their ability to predict an orientation toward traditional or nontraditional nutrition information sources among aged subjects in Eugene, OR. Data were collected from 165 randomly selected subjects by trained interviewers using face-to-face interviews. Nutritionist orientation was measured by a Traditional/Nontraditional Index (TNT Index) developed for the study. Nutrition knowledge and misinformation, supplement use, and sources of nutrition information were also investigated. Predictors of nontraditional nutritionist orientation were acceptance of nutrition misinformation and male sex (adjusted R2 = .09). For women, predictors of a similar orientation were acceptance of nutrition misinformation, low knowledge of general nutrition information, and low functional health status (adjusted R2 = .19). Mean nutrition knowledge scores were high, with a mean of 4.7 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.8) on a scale ranging from 4 (high) to 8 (low). However, many of the subjects did not list dairy foods (28%) and grains (27%) as necessary in the diet. In addition, belief in certain nutrition myths was widespread. More than 58% were taking one or more supplements (mean = 1.4 supplements per day, SD = 1.98). Physicians were mentioned as most likely sources of nutrition information, with dietitians and health food store personnel mentioned second, indicating the importance of marketing efforts for registered dietitians.
Vergleich von Laborwerten bei akuter HB-Ag-positiver und HB-Ag-negativer Hepatitis

Es ist bekannt, das die Virushepatitis B haufiger in eine chronische Verlaufsform ubergeht als die Virushepatitis A [3, 4]. Der klinische Verlauf der beiden Hepatitisformen wahrend des akuten Stadiums gilt als sehr ahnlich, mit der Ausnahme, das die Mortalitat bei Infektionen mit dem Virus B hoher sein soll [6, 7]. Krugmann konnte schon 1967 zeigen, das bei Infektionen mit dem MS-2-Virus, also bei Virushepatitis B, der Gipfel der Transaminasenwerte spater erreicht wird als bei Virushepatitis A und die Erhohung der Enzymwerte im Serum langer anhalt [2]. Andere Autoren fanden bei einem Kollektiv von 87 Patienten mit Virushepatitis, das bei 90% der Patienten mit Virushepatitis A die Transaminasenwerte nach 5 Wochen unter 100 mU abgefallen waren, wahrend dies bei den Patienten mit Virushepatitis B erst nach 8 Wochen der Fall war [1]. Dem vorliegenden Referat liegt die statistische Auswertung eines groseren Kollektivs von Hepatitispatienten zugrunde, durch die gepruft werden sollte, ob sich Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Hepatitisformen im akuten Stadium sichern lassen.
The Problems of Consent For Change: The Fawley Refinery Case

This paper is based on my book, The Fawley Productivity Agreements.I It is therefore mainly a summary of parts of that work, selected and arranged to define some of the problems that management encounters in obtaining the trade unions’ (and their members’) consent to changes in institutionalized working practices. It does not take up the other equally important question, dealt with in the book, of what caused management to display an unusual initiative in labour relations.
Design of high speed free space optical channels

There are several factors that can contribute to increase of the total information capacity of free space optical (FSO) channels and they include parallelism in design of system architecture with a multitude of independent modes (both in spectra and spatial domains), selection of modulation, detection, and coding strategies, as well as employment of compensation schemes that can offset the impact of air turbulence. In this paper we analyze the impact of mentioned factors and introduce a comprehensive multidimensional structure of FSO channels with employment of adaptive optics that would contribute to considerable improvement of transmission capacity.
Abstract 139: Id3 Regulation of High-Fat-Diet--Induced Visceral Adipose Tissue Macrophages

BACKGROUND: Global deletion of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor Inhibitor of Differentiation 3 (Id3), attenuates HFD-induced obesity. Specifically, Id3 -/- mice have less visceral adipose tissue (VAT); an effect that may be linked to VAT inflammation. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play a key role in HFD-induced obesity. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a key cytokine regulating VAT macrophage accumulation, yet the role of Id3 in regulating MCP-1 expression and ATM accumulation is unknown. RESULTS: Id3 -/- mice and C57Bl/6 litter-mate controls were fed 4 weeks of HFD. The epididymal adipose tissue (VAT) and sera were analyzed for MCP-1 expression. Consistent with published findings, results demonstrated that HFD induced MCP-1 mRNA (analyzed via qPCR) and protein expression (analyzed via ELISA) in VAT. Notably, there was marked attenuation of HFD-induced MCP-1 expression in Id3 -/- mice. Epididymal adipose tissue from both WT and knockout mice were cultured with and without IL-1β. MCP-1 protein levels were the same in both sets of mice, when fat from chow-fed mice was cultured in media alone. However, IL-1β induced MCP-1 protein expression in VAT, an effect significantly attenuated in mice null for Id3. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that at early time-points (4 weeks HFD), WT mice have a significant increase in M1 macrophage numbers in epididymal VAT in response to HFD. However, Id3 null mice had an attenuation of this response to HFD. In contrast, HFD induced a statistically significant increase in M2 macrophages in both WT and Id3 -/- mice. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with 100ng/ml of LPS for 0, 0.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours. LPS treatment led to a significant and rapid induction of Id3 mRNA expression, which preceded upregulation of MCP-1 mRNA and protein levels. NIH 3T3 cells were co-transfected with a 1-kb MCP-1 luciferase promoter construct, as well as an expression plasmid encoding E12, a member of the bHLH E-protein family of transcription factors. Increasing concentrations of E12 led to repression of MCP-1 promoter activity, seen as a decrease in RLU/s compared to transfection with the promoter alone.. CONCLUSION: The loss of Id3 decreases local and systemic MCP-1 expression, and decreases M1 macrophage numbers in visceral adipose tissue. Id3’s partner E12 represses MCP-1 promoter activity. Based on the Id3-E-protein paradigm, it is likely that Id3 would restore MCP-1 promoter activity. These data suggest that Id3 promotes HFD-induced MCP-1 expression and macrophage-mediated visceral adipose tissue expansion. Further studies are needed to confirm Id3 regulation of MCP-1 specifically in macrophages.
Mycobacterium cosmeticum infection after total knee arthroplasty: A case report

Case: A 67-year-old immunocompetent man presented with a periprosthetic infection 4 months after a left total knee arthroplasty. Repeated aspirations failed to show any organism growth. After irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange, there was minimal clinical improvement. Subsequently, the patient developed an arthrocutaneous fistula, which prompted a 2-stage revision arthroplasty. Mycobacterium cosmeticum grew on the culture specimens taken during this procedure, and the patient was treated with 6 months of antibiotics. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an M. cosmeticum prosthesis-related infection. The patient recovered well following a 2-stage revision arthroplasty and treatment with a Mycobacterium species-specific antibiotic.
Blending the liberal arts and nursing: Creating a portrait for the 21st century

The liberal arts and sciences serve as a core part of the educational discipline in nursing curriculum and are believed to undergird abilities for critical-thinking, creativity, and holistic care (Hermann, 2004; McKie, 2012). Over time, science has taken on a more central role in nursing education, despite the acknowledged importance and contributions of liberal arts. The humanities are an essential part of liberal arts education and generally include disciplines such as history, literature, religion, philosophy, architecture, or fine arts (e.g., music, painting, sculpture, drama, or film) (Hermann, 2004). Nursing students identify that liberal arts improve their skills to communicate, think globally, navigate diversity, make decisions, and improve their human selves (McKie, 2012), therefore the purposeful inclusion of liberal arts and humanities into nursing pedagogy should be assured. Schools of nursing seated within liberal arts universities are in a position to take advantage of campus environments that seek to improve student knowledge, skills, abilities, and values (Scott, 2014). When caring for patients with complex medical, psychosocial, spiritual, and economic concerns, the ability to differentiate between what is true among a myriad of competing issues, and to identify solutions to these problems, are critical skills (Scott, 2014). This manuscript describes one type of focused effort by school of nursing (SON) faculty to integrate the humanities on a small, liberal arts campus into the nursing curriculum. The desire to do this led to a large, interdisciplinary project intended to enhance campus, community, faculty, and student opportunities to understand and ponder the complexities involved in caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Sports As Never Before: Isolating Celebrity Athletes in Football As Never Before, Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait, and Kobe Doin’ Work:

This article constructs a genealogy of three poetic sports documentaries, all of which use multiple cameras to isolate a star athlete for the duration of a team game. All three films are defined by...
Applications of Nuclear and Particle Physics Technology: Particles & Detection — A Brief Overview

A brief overview of the technology applications with significant societal benefit that have their origins in nuclear and particle physics research is presented. It is shown through representative e...
Exploratory Investigation of Word Embedding in Song Lyric Topic Classification: Promising Preliminary Results

In this work we investigate a data-driven vector representation of word embedding for the task of classifying song lyrics into their semantic topics. Previous research on topic classification of song lyrics has used traditional frequency based text representation. On the other hand, empirically driven word embedding has shown sensible performance improvment of text classification tasks, because of its ability to capture semantic relationship between words from big data. As averaging the word vectors from a short text is known to work reasonably well compared to the other comprehensive models utilizing their order, we adopt the averaged word vectors from the lyrics and user's interpretations about them, which are short in general, as the feature for this classification task. This simple approach showed promising classification accuracy of 57%. From this, we envision the potential of the data-driven approaches to creating features, such as the sequence of word vectors and doc2vec models, to improve the performance of the system.
Three-Dimensional Experimental Study of Compressibility Effects on Turbulent Free Shear Layers

Turbulent planar mixing layers of varying compressibility levels have been studied experimentally via flow visualization techniques, pressure measurements, and stereoscopic particle image velocimet...
The Coherent Vortices of Two-dimensional and Geostrophic Turbulence

The study of two-dimensional turbulence has undergone a renaissance in recent years, largely as a result of the discovery that isolated, coherent (i.e., long-lived and having a characteristic circular flow pattern) vortices spontaneously emerge from random initial conditions or forcing at large Reynolds number. Furthermore, once they emerge, the vortices dominate the subsequent flow evolution. The primary focus in these studies—as it will be for me today—has been on spatially homogeneous, temporally decaying solutions (e.g., Babiano et al., 1987; Basdevant et al., 1981; Benzi et al., 1986, 1988; Brachet et al., 1986, 1988; Herring and McWilliams, 1985; McWilliams, 1984, 1989c, 1990a; Santangelo et al., 1990).
Phylum XXV. Planctomycetes Garrity and Holt 2001, 137 emend. Ward (this volume)

The phylum Planctomycetes was circumscribed for this volume on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences; the phylum contains the class Planctomycetia.
Measurement of Cyanine Dye Photobleaching in Photosensitizer Cyanine Dye Conjugates Could Help in Optimizing Light Dosimetry for Improved Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is dependent on three primary components: photosensitizer (PS), light and oxygen. Because these components are interdependent and vary during the dynamic process of PDT, assessing PDT efficacy may not be trivial. Therefore, it has become necessary to develop pre-treatment planning, on-line monitoring and dosimetry strategies during PDT, which become more critical for two or more chromophore systems, for example, PS-CD (Photosensitizer-Cyanine dye) conjugates developed in our laboratory for fluorescence-imaging and PDT of cancer. In this study, we observed a significant impact of variable light dosimetry; (i) high light fluence and fluence rate (light dose: 135 J/cm2, fluence rate: 75 mW/cm2) and (ii) low light fluence and fluence rate (128 J/cm2 and 14 mW/cm2 and 128 J/cm2 and 7 mW/cm2) in photobleaching of the individual chromophores of PS-CD conjugates and their long-term tumor response. The fluorescence at the near-infrared (NIR) region of the PS-NIR fluorophore conjugate was assessed intermittently via fluorescence imaging. The loss of fluorescence, photobleaching, caused by singlet oxygen from the PS was mapped continuously during PDT. The tumor responses (BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors) were assessed after PDT by measuring tumor sizes daily. Our results showed distinctive photobleaching kinetics rates between the PS and CD. Interestingly, compared to higher light fluence, the tumors exposed at low light fluence showed reduced photobleaching and enhanced long-term PDT efficacy. The presence of NIR fluorophore in PS-CD conjugates provides an opportunity of fluorescence imaging and monitoring the photobleaching rate of the CD moiety for large and deeply seated tumors and assessing PDT tumor response in real-time.
Orthopaedic surgery patients who use recreational marijuana have less pre-operative pain.

To determine the baseline clinical characteristics of recreational marijuana users undergoing outpatient orthopaedic surgery. We hypothesized that patients who report marijuana use would have worse pain, function, and general health status. Nine-hundred and thirty-seven patients undergoing outpatient orthopaedic surgery were asked to fill out patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools. These PROs included the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) computer adaptive tests and legacy PROs unique to each patients’ surgical site. Forty patients (4.2%) reported marijuana use. Marijuana use was associated with younger age (33 vs. 43 years, p < 0.001), having a history of fewer operations (1.8 vs. 3.2, p < 0.05), single marital status (68 vs. 38%, p < 0.01), and having a history of smoking cigarettes (63 vs. 31%, p < 0.0001). Marijuana use was found to be significantly associated with greater Marx lower extremity activity rating scale scores (8.5 points vs. 6.1 points, p < 0.05) and decreased pain intensity in the operative site (3.7 points vs. 5.0 points, p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis found that marijuana use was an independent factor associated with less pain intensity in the operative site (p < 0.05). Our studies support other national studies that report increased marijuana use among younger patients and those who smoke cigarettes. The results do not support our hypothesis, as marijuana use was associated with less pain and better lower extremity activity rating scale scores when compared to non-users. Further research is warranted to analyze the effects of marijuana use on orthopaedic surgery patients. Cross-sectional study.
Pets and Older Adults: The Role of Occupational Therapy Practitioners

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the role of pet ownership for older adults and the role of occupational therapy practitioners in supporting the human- animal bond. Specifically, the role of pet ownership and all it entails has not received much attention in occupational therapy. However, occupational therapy practitioners are uniquely trained to understand how everyday activities and contexts (e.g., pet care roles and responsibilities) influences overall health and well-being. The occupational therapy process is described with specific case examples to illustrate the distinct value of occupational therapy in addressing the needs of older adult pet owners.
Temporal Decline in Pathogen-Mediated Release of Methyl Salicylate Associated With Decreasing Vector Preference for Infected Over Uninfected Plants

Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is the vector of the phytopathogenic bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). D. citri is attracted to methyl salicylate (MeSA) that is emitted by CLas-infected citrus. MeSA is catalyzed from salicylic acid (SA) by salicylic acid methyl transferase (SAMT). In addition, salicylate hydroxylase, an enzyme that degrades SA and suppresses host plant defense, is unregulated in CLas-infected as compared with uninfected citrus. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that CLas-induced plant volatile emissions and SAMT expression may decrease over time following CLas infection. We first identified the putative Citrus sinensis SAMT (CsSAMT) that methylates SA to MeSA. Thereafter we compared MeSA emission and SAMT expression between uninfected citrus, citrus recently ( 1year) CLas-infected citrus. We found that MeSA emission increased in citrus recently infected with CLas, whereas both MeSA emissions and SAMT expression decreased in long-infected citrus. In behavioral assays, D. citri preferred settling in asymptomatic citrus recently infected with CLas rather than on uninfected citrus trees or long-infected trees. We conducted olfactometer assays that showed that the odor of citrus recently infected with CLas was more attractive to psyllid than the odor of uninfected citrus of long-infected trees. We linked the preference for citrus odor recently infected with CLas to the increase of MeSA emission following CLas infection. Overall, our study demonstrated pulsed changes in citrus odor following CLas infection. These changes affected the behavior of the CLas vector. Our study confirms previous reports demonstrating that plant defenses boosted following phytopatogen infection tend to decrease over time. Implications on the CLas epidemic are discussed.
Fracture toughness of additively manufactured ULTEM 1010

One of the polymer additive manufacturing processes commonly used today is fused deposition modelling (FDM). FDM is the process of manufacturing three-dimensional structure through the use of a lay...
Cognitive and Academic Performance of Preschool-Age Children Born Preterm

The primary objective of this study was to describe cognitive and pre-academic skills of children born preterm ( 1 SD below the mean across verbal (SS = 82.67; SD = 23.76) and nonverbal (SS = 80.20; SD = 23.65) domains. Practical implications of early screening for specific academic skill difficulties in early childhood settings for children born preterm are presented.
Centralized Reminder/Recall to Increase Influenza Vaccination Rates: A Two-State Pragmatic Randomized Trial

Abstract Objective Centralized reminder/recall (C-R/R) by health departments using Immunization Information Systems (IIS) is more effective and cost-effective than practice-based approaches for increasing childhood vaccines but has not been studied for influenza vaccination. We assessed effectiveness and cost of C-R/R for increasing childhood influenza vaccination compared with usual care. Methods Within Colorado (CO) and New York (NY), random samples of primary care practices (pediatric, family medicine, health center) were selected proportionate to where children are served– 65 practices (N=54,353 children) in CO; 101 practices (N=65,777) in NY. We conducted 4-arm RCTs per state (1, 2 or 3 autodial reminders versus usual care), with randomization at the patient level within practices from 10/2016-1/2017. Results In CO, the maximum absolute difference in receipt of ≥1 influenza vaccine was 1.7% between the 2 R/R group and control [adjusted risk ratio (ARR) of 1.06 (1.01, 1.10)]; other R/R arms did not differ significantly. In NY, ARRs for the study arms versus control varied from 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) for 3 R/R to 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) for 1-2 R/R groups and maximum absolute increase in vaccination was 0.6%. In time-to-event analyses, study arm was a significant predictor of vaccination in CO (p=.001) but not in NY. Costs/child randomized to one message were $.17 in CO and $.23 in NY. Conclusions C-R/R for influenza vaccine using autodial had low-level effects on increasing influenza rates in 2 states. Given the feasibility and low cost of C-R/R in previous trials, its utility for influenza should be re-examined using different modalities.
McCune-Albright syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a novel presentation

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is caused by postzygotic somatic activating mutations of GNAS and is classically characterized by the clinical triad of peripheral precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait pigmentation, and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. It can also present with other hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies, including growth hormone excess, hyperprolactinemia, hypercortisolemia, hyperthyroidism, and renal phosphate wasting due to excess fibroblast growth factor 23. We review the clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic findings in a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with MAS at age 4 and then with autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 7. While MAS is associated with hyperglycemia secondary to growth hormone excess and hypercortisolemia, an association with diabetes mellitus has not been demonstrated. We review the unique presentation of a patient with these two rare conditions.
Distressed Parents and Family Issues

This chapter provides an overview of disruptive family behaviors that may occur in pediatric medical settings and discusses strategies to address and prevent these behaviors. Risk factors that may contribute to these problematic behaviors, including those related to patient and family functioning, provider characteristics, and broader systematic factors, are described. The SAFTeam (Strengthening Alliances with Families Team) is introduced as a model for how to address these disruptive behaviors within a pediatric medical setting, with detailed review of a case example. General recommendations are also provided, including strategies to effectively address concerning behavior (e.g., the importance of multidisciplinary teams, safety and accountability, and using a strength-based approach). Suggestions are shared for how to take a proactive approach in developing a hospital culture that promotes healthy family involvement in pediatric care. Finally, aspects of diversity and healthcare disparities are reviewed in the context of patient and family experiences within pediatric medical settings.
Hope, Daytime Sleepiness, and Academic Outcomes in Low-Income, Latinx Youth

Ethnic disparities in academic outcomes persist for Latinx youth in the U.S. Therefore, identifying factors that promote academic success in this population is essential. This study examined the interacting effect of components of hope (agency and pathways) and daytime sleepiness on academic outcomes (teacher-reported school engagement, student-reported school support, and GPA from academic records). Participants were 41 low-income, Latinx middle-school students attending a private, Jesuit school. Agency was positively associated with all three outcomes and pathways was positively associated with GPA and school engagement (p < .02). Unexpectedly, daytime sleepiness was positively associated with student GPA (p < .02). An interaction trend was found between agency and daytime sleepiness in accounting for variance in GPA (p = .09). Specifically, the link between agency and student GPA was significant and positive at both high (B = .26, p = .004) and low (B = .52, p = .0002) levels of daytime sleepiness, although the magnitude of effects was stronger at lower levels of daytime sleepiness. A trend was also found in the interaction between agency and daytime sleepiness in accounting for student-rated school support (p = .08). Post-hoc probing showed that agency was associated with school support at low (B = .45, p = .01) but not high (B = .10, p = .41) levels of daytime sleepiness. Given disparities in academic outcomes for Latinx youth, finding ways to promote academic achievement and school connectedness in the middle school years among this population is critical.
Employee Accommodations in Small Business Organizations

Because of limited financial and human resources, small entrepreneurial organizations often struggle to meet work accommodation needs of their employees. Further complicating this challenge is an absence of professional human resource expertise and procedures to guide accommodation decision making. As a result, accommodations frequently carry with them more unintended negative consequences for co-workers than would otherwise be necessary or desirable. While many of these small organizations are not legally mandated to provide accommodations, their employees still have occasions where accommodations are needed and considered to be appropriate. Entrepreneurial organizations need creative and practical strategies to meet such needs. To address these concerns, many factors should be considered and incorporated into organizational responses to such requests. A model discussing these factors is proposed and suggestions for implementing accommodations in a manner which minimizes negative impacts are described.
Heartbeat: taking care of patients with cardiovascular disease during a pandemic

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) specialists have faced many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic starting with a critical role in caring for severely ill patients with COVID-19, recognising the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19, performing and publishing clinical studies on cardiac involvement, and unravelling whether the shared pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 infection and some cardiovascular medications might affect disease severity. Simultaneously, cardiovascular specialists have continued to provide care to patients with acute and chronic CVD in the context of infection control measures and limited resources during a pandemic. In addition, as healthcare providers, we are public role models for responsible personal behaviour during a pandemic including social distancing, hand washing and wearing a face mask. The graphic by Rajagopalan and colleagues1 that shows how far droplets and aerosols spread with a cough or sneeze might help convince more people that widespread use of masks is needed, at least until we have an effective vaccine for this virus (figure 1). Figure 1 Size distribution of particles, hypothetical trajectories, deposition into the respiratory tract and the impact of personal protective equipment such as face masks and N95 filters. The inset depicts binding of the SARS CoV-2 to the ACE-2 receptors in the upper respiratory tract. SARS CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this issue of Heart , we present a review articles by Rowland and Kunadian2 discussing management of older patients with acute coronary syndromes and one by Radke and colleagues3 addressing care of adults with …
Photochemical hydrogen evolution from cobalt microperoxidase-11.

Abstract A photochemical system utilizing the semisynthetic biomolecular catalyst acetylated cobalt microperoxidase-11 (CoMP11-Ac) along with [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as a photosensitizer and ascorbic acid as an electron donor is shown to generate hydrogen from water in a visible light-driven reaction. The reductive quenching pathway facilitated by photoexcited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ overcomes the high overpotential observed for CoMP11-Ac in electrocatalysis, yielding turnover numbers ranging from 606 to 2390 (2 μM – 0.1 μM CoMP11-Ac). The longevity of CoMP11-Ac in the photochemical system, sustaining catalysis for over 20 h, is in contrast to its previously reported behavior in an electrochemical system where catalysis slows after 15 min. Proton reduction turnover number and rate are highest at a neutral pH, a rare feature among cobalt catalysts in similar photochemical systems, which typically function best under acidic conditions. Incorporating biomolecular components into the design of catalysts for photochemical systems may address the need for hydrogen generation from neutral-pH water sources.
Control of spinal motor neuron terminal differentiation through sustained Hoxc8 gene activity

Spinal motor neurons (MNs) constitute cellular substrates for several movement disorders. Although their early development has received much attention, how spinal MNs become and remain terminally differentiated is poorly understood. Here, we determined the transcriptome of mouse brachial MNs at embryonic and postnatal stages. We found that genes encoding homeodomain (HOX, LIM) transcription factors (TFs), previously implicated in early MN development, continue to be expressed postnatally, suggesting later functions. To test this, we inactivated Hoxc8 at successive stages of MN development. We found that Hoxc8 is not only required to establish but also maintain expression of several MN terminal differentiation markers. Furthermore, we uncovered novel TFs with continuous MN expression, a Hoxc8 dependency for maintained expression of Iroquois (Irx) homeodomain TFs, and a new role for Irx2 in MN development. Our findings dovetail recent observations in C. elegans MNs, pointing toward an evolutionarily conserved role for Hox in neuronal terminal differentiation.
What telomeres teach us about MS.

Abstract While the precise mechanisms driving progressive forms of MS are not fully understood, patient age has clear impact on disease phenotype. The very young with MS have high relapse rates and virtually no progressive disease, whereas older patients tend to experience more rapid disability accumulation with few relapses. Defining a patient's biological age may offer more precision in determining the role of aging processes in MS phenotype and pathophysiology than just working with an individual's birthdate. The most well recognized measurement of an individual's “biological clock” is telomere length (TL). While TL may differ across tissue types in an individual, most cells TL correlate well with leukocyte TL (LTL), which is the most common biomarker used for aging. LTL has been associated with risk for aging related diseases and most recently with higher levels of disability and brain atrophy in people living with MS. LTL explains 15% of the overall association of chronological age with MS disability level. While LTL may be used just as a biomarker of overall somatic aging processes, triggering of the DNA damage response by telomere attrition leads to senescence pathways that are likely highly relevant to a chronic autoimmune disease. Considering reproductive aging factors, particularly ovarian aging in women, which correlates with LTL and oocyte telomere length, may complement measurements of somatic aging in understanding MS progression. The key to stopping non-relapse related progression in MS might lie in targeting pathways related to biological aging effects on the immune and nervous systems.
A PCR-free approach to random access in DNA.

Data-encoded DNA sequences have been encapsulated in barcoded silica beads for a random access storage system without PCR amplification.
“CLIMATE JUSTICE IS RACIAL JUSTICE”: THE YOUTH CLIMATE MOVEMENT AND INTERSECTIONAL MEDIA ORGANIZING IN AN ALGORITHMIC SOCIETY

Before the Covid-19 pandemic struck, the world saw unprecedented levels of youth mobilization. From Black Lives Matter to March for Our Lives to the Youth Climate Strikes, the past decade saw young people leveraging social media to build movements around the world. Existing studies have shown how young people use social media to build movements in liberal democracies under the conditions of free assembly and association. However, since the global pandemic hit, young people (and others) have had to face various constraints to street mobilization. During the pandemic, as youth movements come to depend heavily on digital tools for organizing, social media platforms and algorithms may further complicate the process by which young people’s exercise political power. Using the broader youth climate movement as a case study, I examine how youth movements shift their tactics in response to the pandemic, and what the implications of shifting to the digital space are for the youth climate movement. This study draws on in-depth interviews with youth climate activists, along with digital ethnography and surveys, conducted between 2019 and 2021. Findings show that young climate organizers galvanized social media to shift to remote and hybrid organizing tactics. At the same time, inequalities introduced by social media platforms and algorithms became more acute for the youth movement.
Reevaluating the Change Point Detection Problem with Segment-based Bayesian Online Detection

Change point detection is widely used for finding transitions between states of data generation within a time series. Methods for change point detection currently assume this transition is instantaneous and therefore focus on finding a single point of data to classify as a change point. However, this assumption is flawed because many time series actually display short periods of transitions between different states of data generation. Previous work has shown Bayesian Online Change Point Detection (BOCPD) to be the most effective method for change point detection on a wide range of different time series. This paper explores adapting the change point detection algorithms to detect abrupt changes over short periods of time. We design a segment-based mechanism to examine a window of data points within a time series, rather than a single data point, to determine if the window captures abrupt change. We test our segment-based Bayesian change detection algorithm on 36 different time series and compare it to the original BOCPD algorithm. Our results show that, for some of these 36 time series, the segment-based approach for detecting abrupt changes can much more accurately identify change points based on standard metrics.
Der Bedarf an zusätzlichen Entscheidungsdaten und Kontrollmaßstäben in der Kostenrechnung

Die Kostenrechnung ging ursprunglich wie die Kostentheorie vom Vorhandensein eines einfachen Input/Output-Verhaltnisses aus, das sich bald als fur Erklarungszwecke unzureichend erwies und zu der bekannten Entwicklung von einfachen linearen Vorstellungen (break-evenpoint Analyse) uber nicht-lineare Ansatze (Schmalenbach, Mellerowicz) zu differenzierten Modellen (Gutenbergs Einflusfaktoren und Anpassungsformen an Ausstosveranderungen) gefuhrt hat. Heinen gebuhrt das Verdienst, mit seiner Kostenfunktion vom Typ C diese Veranderungsfaktoren in einem mathematisch variierbaren System zusammengefugt zu haben.1 Besonders die Identifikation der Elementarkombinationen, die unterschiedlich auf Produktionsveranderungen reagieren und innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen variierbar sind, haben wesentlich zum Verstehen dieser Zusammenhange und der daraus erwachsenen Entscheidungsalternativen beigetragen. Heinen hat auserdem gezeigt, das von der Vielzahl der theoretischen Moglichkeiten in der Praxis nur ein kleiner Kreis verbleibt, weil im Regelfall nur wenige realisierbare E-Kombinationen vorhanden sind.
Pro-environmental behavior

The determinants of individual behaviors that provide shared environmental benefits are a longstanding theme in social science research. Alternative behavioral models yield markedly different predictions and policy recommendations. This paper reviews and compares the literatures from two disciplines that appear to be moving toward a degree of convergence. In social psychology, moral theories of pro-environmental behavior have focused on the influence of personal moral norms while recognizing that external factors, such as costs and incentives, ultimately limit the strength of the norm-behavior relationship. Rational choice models, such as the theory of planned behavior in social psychology and the theories of voluntary provision of public goods in economics, have sought to incorporate the effects of personal norms and to measure their importance in explaining behaviors, such as recycling and the demand for green products. This paper explores the relationship between these approaches and their implications for the theory and practice of ecological economics.
Microscopic properties and behavior of metal/semiconductor interfaces

In the past few years significant advances have been made in observing and understanding the microscopic properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces. Progress in this direction has been particularly striking for the case of transition-metal/Si and corresponding silicide/Si interfaces because: (i) the interface chemistry is somewhat simplified by the existence of well-defined compounds as reaction products; (ii) previous thin film studies have provided a considerable body of background information on some aspects of these reactions; and (iii) new experiments using a broad variety of techniques have addressed and correlated the electronic structure, the atomic structure, and the electrical properties of the interface on a microscopic level. The investigations have demonstrated the dominance of the microscopic chemical interactions in determining the interface properties. This paper reviews the essential scientific issues of metal/semiconductor interfaces and summarizes the evidence acquired and conclusions reached concerning the microscopic interface chemistry and Schottky barrier characteristics of transition-metal/Si and silicide/Si interfaces.
An Application of Variable Sampling Interval Control Charts

Variable Sampling Interval (VSI) control charts have been studied extensively, and it has been shown for Shewhart, cumulative sum (CUSUM), and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts that shifts in the process mean can be detected more quick..
Spatially-resolved pulse-front-tilt and pulse-width distributions of Q-switched pulses from an unstable Nd:YAG resonator

Pulse-front-tilt and negligible pulse-width spread across the laser beam are reported, both experimentally and numerically, for pulses from a Q-switched unstable resonator with a variable-reflectivity-mirror under different operation conditions.
Properties of an Antigenic Glycoprotein Isolated from Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin

A purified antigen, HABA protein, has been derived from influenza virus concentrates by extraction with denaturing solvents. The protein lacks hemagglutinating activity but binds completely strain-specific, hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and induces neutralizing antibodies in experimental animals. Physicochemical characterization of HABA protein identifies it as a single homogeneous glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 78,000. On dissociation with guanidine or sodium dodecyl sulfate, in the presence of reducing agents, only one size of polypeptide with a molecular weight of the order of 40,000 is characteristic of the preparations. The data indicate that HABA protein is a dimer of HA 1 polypeptide of the influenza virus hemagglutinin substructure, and that only trace amounts of other polypeptides are present.