cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of pregnancies complicated by anti-Kell isoimmunization

Objective: To assess the efficacy of managing pregnancies complicated by anti-Kell isoimmunization using the methods developed for evaluating anti–Rh-D isoimmunization. Methods: We reviewed 156 anti-Kell-positive pregnancies seen from 1959 to 1995, which were managed with serial maternal titers, amniotic fluid ΔOD450 determination, and funipuncture. Data on maternal titers, paternal phenotypes, invasive fetal testing and therapies, and neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed to determine whether severely affected pregnancies were identified in time for successful fetal and neonatal therapy. Results: Twenty-one fetuses were affected, eight with severe disease, and two fetuses in this group died. All of the severely affected fetuses were associated with maternal serum titers of at least 1:32. A critical titer of 1:32 was found to be 100% sensitive for identifying the affected pregnancies. The affected group had significantly higher amniotic fluid ΔOD450 values over the range of gestational ages than did the unaffected group (P < .001). The upper Liley curve was a specific discriminator for the diagnosis of affected fetuses, and the lower curve was specific for the diagnosis of unaffected or mild cases. Conclusion: Fetal anemia due to anti-Kell isoimmunization might be due in part to erythropoietic suppression, but it is still largely a hemolytic process. The methods based on a hemolytic process, including use of a critical maternal serum titer of 1:32, serial amniotic fluid analyses when the titer was exceeded, and liberal use of funipuncture, were successful in identifying severely affected fetuses.
Blood transfusion and athletics. Games people play.

Recently, the U.S. Olympic Committee revealed that 7 members of its 24-member Olympic cycling team, including 4 medalists, had received blood transfusions in an effort to enhance their performance in the Los Angeles Olympic games. Ironically, public disclosure took place during National Blood Donor Month and at a time when blood shortages were being reported in southern California and elsewhere in the country. According to team officials, the athletes were given transfusions of whole blood, collected from both relatives and from unrelated donors, in a motel room. Details of the collection, storage, and compatibility and safety testing have not been . . .
Principles and techniques of optical data storage

We review the field of optical data storage and describe the various technologies that either are in use today or are likely to play a role in the near future. Our emphasis will be on optical-disk and holographic optical storage.
Multidimensional assessment of family involvement among urban elementary students

Abstract Family involvement in children's education is fundamental for academic success. This study extended the research on the Family Involvement Questionnaire for Early Childhood (FIQ-EC) by further developing the measure and testing its use with low-income urban elementary students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses affirmed three salient and reliable family involvement dimensions for a large sample of urban first- through fifth-grade students: Home-based Involvement, School-based Involvement, and Home–School Communication. Multivariate analyses demonstrated the significance of caregiver educational background, family characteristics, and child gender to involvement dimensions. Caregiver age or children's grade level did not significantly relate to family involvement dimensions. This study contributes to evidence for a multidimensional understanding of family involvement.
Effects of Hand-Held Calculators in Precollege Mathematics Education: A Meta-Analysis.

The findings of 79 research reports were integrated by meta-analysis to assess the effects of calculators on student achievement and attitude. Effect sizes were derived by the method invented by Glass and tested for consistency and significance with inferential statistics provided by Hedges. At all grades but Grade 4, a use of calculators in concert with traditional mathematics instruction apparently improves the average student's basic skills with paper and pencil, both in working exercises and in problem solving. Sustained calculator use in Grade 4 appears to hinder the development of basic skills in average students. Across all grade and ability levels, students using calculators possess a better attitude toward mathematics and an especially better self-concept in mathematics than students not using calculators.
Effects of defocus and algorithm on optical step height calibration

Abstract Defocus effects on step height measurements by interferometric microscopy are estimated using different algorithms to calculate the step height. The interferometric microscope here is a Mirau-type with a 20x objective and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.4. Although the focus is adjusted within the range of the depth of focus, a defocus corresponding to 4 fringes (∼1.3 μm) distorts the measured profile into a curve with a radius of curvature of about 24 m. The effect of this distortion on step height determination by a basic ISO step height algorithm is estimated to be 0.11 nm/fringe. An algorithm developed by NIST and a second-order fitted ISO step-height algorithm show good robustness against defocus errors. Because of sample imperfection, a discrepancy of about 1 % exists among step-height values determined by the different algorithms at the optimum fringe contrast position. It has been pointed out theoretically that the NA correction factor varies with the difference of optical path length between the sample and the reference surface. However, in our case, the changes of optical path length do not change the NA correction factor by more than 0.3 %.
Cooperative nucleotide binding to the human erythrocyte sugar transporter.

The human erythrocyte glucose transport protein (GluT1) is an adenine nucleotide binding protein. When complexed with cytosolic ATP, GluT1 exhibits increased affinity for the sugar export site ligand cytochalasin B, prolonged substrate occlusion, reduced net sugar import capacity, and diminished reactivity with carboxyl terminal peptide-directed antibodies. The present study examines the kinetics of nucleotide interaction with GluT1. When incorporated into resealed human red blood cell ghosts, (2,3)-trinitrophenyl-adenosine-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) mimics the ability of cytosolic ATP to promote high-affinity 3-O-methylglucose uptake. TNP-ATP fluorescence increases upon interaction with purified human red cell GluT1. TNP-ATP binding to GluT1 is rapid (t1/2 ∼ 0.5 s at 50 μM TNP-ATP), cooperative, and pH-sensitive and is stimulated by ATP and by the exit site ligand cytochalasin B. Dithiothreitol inhibits TNP-ATP binding to GluT1. GluT1 preirradiation with saturating, unlabeled azidoATP enhances subsequent Glu...
New Perspectives for a New Century: Implications of Pathogen Responses for the Future of Antimicrobial Therapy

Although the discovery of new classes of antibiotics has lagged behind in the last three decades, the incidence of life-threatening nosocomial infections that are resistant to multiple antibacterial agents has increased steadily. Recent advances in bacterial pathogenicity through the identification of a number of virulence factors and the bacterial genetics behind it have opened the way to a clearer understanding of the pathogen-host relationship. Bacteria communicate with each other through specific signaling chemicals to act as a community rather than individual cells to achieve a critical density or a "quorum." Establishment of quorum is the initiating signal for turning on a variety of virulence factors essential for the pathogenicity and dissemination of pathogens through the host. Pathogenic bacteria use a variety of biochemical mediators, collectively called "virulence factors," to invade and attack host tissues and to avoid detection and elimination by the host immune system. Delineating the specific responses the host immune system elicits in response to specific virulence factors and quorum-sensing molecules is essential to the development of new diagnostic methods for early detection of an infection and the prognosis to a given antibacterial therapy. Identification of inhibitors of virulence factors will represent new antimicrobial therapeutic modalities, and this can be used synergistically with current antibiotic therapy because they act through independent prokaryotic pathways to inhibit bacterial growth and survival.
Crossed dextral aphasia: A clinical radiological correlation

Abstract Three lifelong right-handed patients with clinically and radiologically well-defined right-hemispheric infarctions became aphasic. Their language functions in the rehabilitative, subacute phase of their illness were characterized by fluent, literal paraphasic output, dyslexia, and dysgraphia. Auditory comprehension was fair for contextual conversation, and the combination of language abilities enabled them to reach a “functional communication” stage. This study was unable to determine why these three patients had crossed dextral aphasias resulting from their otherwise typical clinical and radiological right-hemispheric infarcts. Of interest, the radiologically well-defined lesions, aside from being ipsilateral, fitted well the “posterior” fluency localization in two of the three patients, but was more extensive in the third.
Temperature distribution in a uniformly moving medium

We apply several physical ideas to determine the steady temperature distribution in a medium moving with uniform velocity between two infinite parallel plates. We compute it in the coordinate frame moving with the medium by integration over the 'past' to account for the influence of an infinite set of instantaneous point sources of heat in past moments as seen by an observer moving with the medium. The boundary heat flux is simulated by appropriately distributed point heat sources on the inner side of an adiabatically insulating boundary. We make an extensive use of the Green functions with an emphasis on their physical meaning. The methodology used in this paper is of great pedagogical value as it offers an opportunity for students to see the connection between powerful mathematical techniques and their physical interpretation in an intuitively clear physical problem. We suggest several problems and a challenging project that can be easily incorporated in undergraduate or graduate courses.
The stability of radio-frequency plasma-treated polydimethylsiloxane surfaces.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a widely used material for manufacturing lab-on-chip devices. However, the hydrophobic nature of PDMS is a disadvantage in microfluidic systems. To transform the hydrophobic PDMS surface to hydrophilic, it was treated with radio-frequency (RF) air plasma at 150, 300, and 500 mTorr pressures for up to 30 min. Following the surface treatment, the PDMS specimens were stored in air, deionized water, or 0.14 M NaCl solution at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 70 °C. The change in the hydrophilicity (wettability) of the PDMS surfaces was followed by contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy as a function of time. As an effect of the RF plasma treatment, the contact angles measured on PDMS surfaces dropped from 113 ± 4° to 9 ± 3°. The chamber pressure and the treatment time had no or negligible effect on the results. However, the PDMS surface gradually lost its hydrophilic properties in time. The rate of this process is influence...
Twinning in thin films-II. Equilibrium microstructures

Abstract We consider the energetics of twinning in misfitting films. While the analysis is general, we consider the case of a misfitting coherent thin film with a cubic crystal structure which transforms to a tetragonal crystal structure on an initially lattice matched cubic substrate; a commonly occurring phase transformation in ferroelectric films. The strain energy change upon twinning, estimated in Paper 1, along with the interfacial energy contributions are incorporated into a thermodynamic analysis of twinning and the equilibrium twinned microstructure is determined as a function of the film thickness, lattice misfit, elastic properties of the film—substrate system, the film surface energy, the film—substrate interface energy and the domain (twin) boundary energy. We develop stability diagrams that examine the role of these parameters in determining the equilibrium microstructure. Our results show that for like variants, a periodic array of domains is always energetically favorable compared to a monovariant film and therefore there is no critical thickness below which the monovariant film is stable. However, the equilibrium wavelength of the twinning microstructure depends on the normalized film thickness as well as the orientation of the domain boundaries with respect to the cubic substrate. Examination of the elastic energy as a function of domain boundary orientation shows that boundaries oriented parallel to the (110) plane of the substrate are preferred. However, (100) oriented boundaries are likely favorable from an interfacial energy viewpoint. The equilibrium wavelength of the microstructure scales as the exponential of the inverse film thickness for small thicknesses, and is either independent of film thickness or proportional to the square root of film thickness at large film thicknesses for the (100) and (110) oriented boundaries, respectively. For the unlike variants case, there is a critical thickness below which the monovariant film is energetically favored. This critical thickness depends on the relative misfit strains, the normalized domain (twin) boundary energy, and the normalized film—substrate interface energy and the normalized surface energies. Finally, we modify this thermodynamic analysis to account for externally applied stress fields and examine their effect on the equilibrium domain structure. Using these results, we derive an expression for the applied stress required to inhibit twinning in these films.
Role of the ATM-Checkpoint Kinase 2 Pathway in CDT-Mediated Apoptosis of Gingival Epithelial Cells

The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cell types. Western analysis, pharmacological inhibition and siRNA silencing were performed in human immortalized gingival keratinocytes (HIGK) to dissect the functional role of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway in the signal transduction steps triggered by the CDT. Infection of HIGK was associated with a time-dependent induction of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation. However, in the absence of CDT, infected HIGK underwent reversible DNA strand breaks but not apoptosis, while caspase 3 activity, p21 levels, and HIGK viability were unaffected. Caspase 9 activity was attenuated in the CDT mutant-infected HIGK compared to wild-type infected cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-silencing of the ATM downstream effector, the protein kinase checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), significantly impacted CDT-mediated apoptosis. Together, these findings provide insight on the specificity of the ATM-Chk2 pathway in response to the CDT of A. actinomycetemcomitans in oral epithelial cells, which ultimately leads to apoptosis. We further propose the existence of an unidentified factor that is distinct from the CDT, and involved with a reversible DNA fragmentation that does not trigger terminal apoptosis in oral epithelial cells. This model potentially explains conflicting reports on the biological activity of the A. actinomycetemcomitans CDT.
Munchausen's syndrome in neurosurgery: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Objective and importance Munchausen's syndrome is a rare psychiatric condition, in which patients seek medical treatment for factitious or self-induced medical problems. Reports in the literature of postoperative Munchausen's syndrome are extremely rare. The major obstacle to improving management of the patients with Munchausen's syndrome is increasing physicians' awareness and recognition of the disease. Although Munchausen's syndrome is rare, physicians probably will encounter at least one such patient at some point during their career and therefore should be aware of this disorder. Clinical presentation We report two documented cases of postoperative Munchausen's syndrome in patients who underwent cranial neurosurgery. Both patients received complex flaps for closure of their cranial defects. Both patients later admitted to deliberately reopening their cranial wounds because of a psychological desire to continue their illness. Intervention The primary therapeutic objective is to achieve wound healing and stop the cycle of surgical procedures. Immediate confrontation with the patient often does more harm than good. Instead, psychiatric consultation, with the potential for nonsurgical management and behavior modification, should be obtained. Conclusion Munchausen's syndrome is a rare psychiatric diagnosis, especially in the postoperative patient. The common clues to diagnosis are: 1) a nonhealing wound in the absence of risk factors for wound failure, 2) a history of psychiatric illness, 3) repeated bleeding from the wound site, and 4) a desire to continue the sick role. Early detection will allow proper psychiatric referral to prevent injuries to the patient, abuses to the medical system, and unnecessary operations.
Readthrough of dystrophin stop codon mutations induced by aminoglycosides

We report the translational readthrough levels induced by the aminoglycosides gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, and paromomycin for eight premature stop codon mutations identified in Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophy patients. In a transient transfection reporter assay, aminoglycoside treatment results show that one stop codon mutation is suppressed significantly better (up to 10% stop codon readthrough) than the others; five show lower but statistically significant suppression (<2% stop codon readthrough); and two appear refractory to aminoglycoside treatment. Readthrough levels do not substantially vary between different sources of gentamicin, and, for this set of mutations, the efficiency of termination at the premature stop codon mutation does not appear to correlate with disease severity.
A tree-covering problem arising in integrity of tree-structured data

We introduce and solve a problem motivated by integrity verification in third-party data distribution: Given an undirected tree, find a minimum-cardinality set of simple paths that cover all the tree edges and, secondarily, have smallest total path lengths. We give a linear time algorithm for this problem.
Visualising India's geo-body Globes, maps, bodyscapes

This article focuses on the national longing for cartographic form by exploring the deployment of globes, maps, and bodyscapes in patriotic visual practices in colonial and postcolonial India. I suggest that popular cartography is marked by the convergence of two modalities of seeing India—a disenchanted geographic habit in which its territory is visualised as a geo-body, and an enchanted somaticism in which India is the affect-laden body of Bharat Mata. Patriotic cartography transforms the nation's territory into an object of visual piety, even as it makes more visible a hitherto unfamiliar entity—the map of India. But most of all, popular patriotic cartography encourages the citizen-beholder to engage the nation's territory corporeally, affectively, and interestedly, so that it is not some empty social space, but the motherland) worth dying for. Patriotism in modernity requires peculiarly novel technologies of persuasion. Maps of the national territory are among the most intriguing—and compelling—of these.
"New Films in Story Form": Movie Story Magazines and Spectatorship

This essay focuses on a seldom studied but long-lived and robust ancillary product of classical Hollywood cinema, the monthly movie story magazines devoted to article-length fictionizations of feature films. These magazines flourished in a variety of forms from the late 1920s through the 1970s.
The lamin protein family

The lamins are the major architectural proteins of the animal cell nucleus. Lamins line the inside of the nuclear membrane, where they provide a platform for the binding of proteins and chromatin and confer mechanical stability. They have been implicated in a wide range of nuclear functions, including higher-order genome organization, chromatin regulation, transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. The lamins are members of the intermediate filament (IF) family of proteins, which constitute a major component of the cytoskeleton. Lamins are the only nuclear IFs and are the ancestral founders of the IF protein superfamily. Lamins polymerize into fibers forming a complex protein meshwork in vivo and, like all IF proteins, have a tripartite structure with two globular head and tail domains flanking a central α-helical rod domain, which supports the formation of higher-order polymers. Mutations in lamins cause a large number of diverse human diseases, collectively known as the laminopathies, underscoring their functional importance.
Toward phase noise reduction in a Nd:YLF laser using electro-optic feedback control

Pulse train timing jitter, or phase noise, is an important problem for systems which require multiple synchronized lasers. The authors report on sources observed in their system and show the results of a technique used to eliminate one source of timing jitter.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty for severe aortic stenosis as a bridge to transcatheter/surgical aortic valve replacement.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine success- and complication rates after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and the outcome of BAV as a standalone therapy versus BAV as a bridge to transcatheter/surgical aortic valve replacement (T/SAVR). Background: The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has led to a revival in BAV as treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis. Methods: A cohort of 472 patients underwent 538 BAV procedures. The cohort was divided into two groups: BAV alone 387 (81.9%) and BAV as a bridge 85 (18.1%) to (n = 65, TAVR; n = 20, surgery). Clinical, hemodynamic, and follow-up mortality data were collected. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in mean age (81.7 ± 8.3 vs. 83.2 ± 10.9 years, P = 0.18), society of thoracic surgeons score (13.1 ± 6.2 and 12.4 ± 6.4, P = 0.4), logistic EuroSCORE (45.4 ± 22.3 vs. 46.9 ± 21.8, P = 0.43), and other comorbidities. The mean increase in aortic valve area was 0.39 ± 0.25 in the BAV alone group and 0.42 ± 0.26 in the BAV as a bridge group, P = 0.33. The decrease in mean gradient was 24.1 ± 13.1 in the BAV alone group vs. 27.1 ± 13.8 in the BAV as a bridge group, P = 0.06. During a median follow up of 183 days [54–409], the mortality rate was 55.2% (n = 214) in the BAV alone group vs. 22.3% (n = 19) in the BAV as a bridge group during a median follow-up of 378 days [177–690], P < 0.001. Conclusion: In high-risk patients with aortic stenosis and temporary contraindications to SAVR/TAVR, BAV may be used as a bridge to intervention with good mid-term outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dye-sensitized Photo-reactivation of X-ray Damage in Diploid Yeast

IN an investigation of the binding of aminoacridine dyes to deoxyribonucleic acid in living cells we have shown that the nucleic acid fluorochrome, acridine orange (3,6,-bis-dimethylaminoacridine), sensitizes both haploid and diploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to visible light1. The significance of the survival curves obtained for this acridine orange-sensitized photo-inactivation was further examined by experiments involving additivity of X-rays, ultra-violet and visible light. In the course of these additivity studies2 a new effect appeared : dye-sensitized visible-light reactivation of X-ray damage in diploid cells. This effect is of special interest because, although ultra-violet damage having a nucleic-acid action spectrum is partially reversible by visible light, previous attempts at reactivation of X-ray damage with visible light have not been successful3.
Bond and stock market response to unexpected dividend changes

Abstract We use comprehensive transaction data from Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine to study the response in corporate bond market to dividend announcements and compare that with the response in stock market. We find that the information content/free cash flow effect dominates the wealth transfer effect in bond market. The relationship between the magnitude of dividend changes and future profitability is weak. However, the reaction in stock and bond markets on announcement dates can be informative about the earnings one year after announcements. Additionally, the reaction of speculative-grade bonds on announcement dates is more informative about future profitability than that of investment-grade bonds.
Depressive symptoms associated with dexamethasone resistance.

Abstract Using split sample discriminant function analysis on a series of 63 consecutive depressed outpatients, the authors identified several items on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale that were associated with dexamethasone resistance (late and middle insomnia, retardation, somatic and psychic anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms), and several items that were associated with dexamethasone suppression (genital symptoms, somatic-general symptoms, hypochondriasis, early insomnia, and depersonalizaton). The accuracy of the classification function was 100% for the index split sample, 84% for the overall sample, and 72% for the other split sample. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Phenylalanine and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity in Sporobolomyces pararoseus

Abstract Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Sporobolomyces pararoseus was purified more than 450-fold. Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of this purified enzyme gave a single major protein band. Tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity was monitored during the purification of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Deaminating activities for phenylalanine and tyrosine were not separated during the purification process. The existence of one ammonia-lyase with bisubstrate activity is postulated.
A Pedagogical Boomerang: From Hans Mauksch to Medicine to the Teaching and Learning of Sociology

Even in its formative stages the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) is drawing the attention and interest of scholars across academic disciplines and across types of educational institutions. Many sociologists are reflecting on how to shape scholarly efforts on teaching and learning within our discipline. This paper recounts the guidance that Hans Mauksch, a legendary figure in the teaching movement in sociology, extended to medical sociology as that area of specialization was developing, and seeks to apply his ideas to the development of SoTL in sociology today. I make three specific recommendations: (1) maintaining the independence of SoTL as a separate area of interest and scholarship while enthusiastically working with and drawing upon the work of others within and outside sociology, (2) broadening the content of SoTL investigations to address teaching and learning from additional perspectives, and (3) utilizing an increasingly diverse set of research methods to assist in exploring the many dimensions of teaching and learning.
Perinatal outcome in growth-restricted fetuses: Do hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies differ?

Objective To test the hypothesis that fetal growth restriction (FGR) associated with a maternal hypertensive disorder results in worse perinatal outcome than FGR in pregnancies without maternal hypertension. Methods All consecutive, singleton, nondiabetic, small for gestational age (SGA) deliveries (birth weight at or below the tenth percentile for gestational age) in a 15-year computerized data base were analyzed for pregnancy outcome. Perinatal outcome was compared after stratification by presence or absence of hypertensive disorders and by gestational age at delivery. Results Eleven thousand two hundred twenty-seven SGA pregnancies were analyzed. The morbidity and mortality profiles differed between hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies delivered preterm and those delivered at term. Perinatal mortality was significantly higher in the normotensive than in the hypertensive group in preterm deliveries (30.3 versus 18.7%, odds ratio [OR] 1.9 [confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.9]). At term, hypertensive pregnancies demonstrated significantly higher mortality than normotensive pregnancies (4.6 versus 1.9%, OR 2.42 [95% CI 1.7–3.4]). In both preterm and term gestations, cesarean rates were significantly higher in hypertensive pregnancies than in normotensive pregnancies. Using logistic regression analysis, hypertension was independently associated with a 39% reduction in risk of perinatal mortality preterm, compared with a twofold increased risk of perinatal mortality at term. Conclusion Before term, FGR in normotensive women resulted in significantly higher perinatal mortality than FGR in hypertensive women. In contrast, at term, FGR in pregnancies complicated by hypertension had poorer perinatal outcomes than FGR in normotensive women.
A Program for Rehabilitation of Patients with Tuberculosis

SUMMARY It seems fair to assume, on the basis of several years of preliminary experience, that a modern treatment program for tuberculosis should combine the effective use of all aspects of medical treatment, especially chemotherapy, early ambulation, and planned activity. It was observed that this program which emphasized the healthy aspects of the patient's emotional and social adjustment often served to counteract any tendency to become dependent upon the hospital. Vocational training, equipment, and prescribed physical activity were not considered enough. It was noted that the rehabilitation program became more effective when patients realized that they were being offered a real opportunity to be helped emotionally, socially, and/or vocationally. It is our conclusion that it is not useful to employ the concept of the “typical” tuberculous patient. Attempts to understand tuberculous patients in terms of stereotypes can often be misleading. 7 , 8 Rehabilitation planning should, therefore, be geared to meet the unique needs and personality differences of individual patients. This necessitates close cooperation between all members of the staff so that every aspect of the patient's life can be considered as part of “total treatment.” Such a rehabilitation program as is described here seems to offer the best opportunity to prepare the hospitalized patient to return home as a productive citizen and with a greater degree of security. Many of the barriers, which for so many years limited the scope of rehabilitation, have been removed under this approach. Should the results of this program be confirmed by careful follow-up studies, it is fair to conclude that we have entered a new era in the rehabilitation of tuberculous patients.
Immediate postoperative mammogram for failed surgical excision of breast lesions.

In a series of 200 consecutive preoperative needle localizations of non-palpable breast lesions, 128 lesions (64%) were calcified and 72 lesions (36%) were noncalcified on preoperative mammograms. Radiographs of the surgical specimen failed to confirm excision of 11 lesions (5.5%), seven calcified and four noncalcified. These 11 patients were taken directly from the surgical suite to the radiology suite, where an immediate postoperative mammogram was obtained. In five patients (2.5%), immediate postoperative mammograms showed surgical failure with the lesion still present. In six patients (3.0%), immediate postoperative mammograms showed that the lesion had been removed, even though the lesion had not been identified on surgical-specimen radiographs. No errors occurred in the interpretation of immediate postoperative mammograms, a fact corroborated by examination of surgical specimens obtained at repeat surgery in three patients and identification of skin calcifications in two patients, and with follow-up...
Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Mil S-24645 HSLA Steel and Its Weldments

The near-threshold corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of Mil S-24645 HSLA steel, its weld metal and heat-affected zone have been studied in simulated marine environments. Tests were conducted in air and ASTM seawater, at both the free corrosion potential and {minus}1.0V (SCE), using a frequency of 0.2 Hz and a stress ratio, R = 0.1. The results were compared with previous data for Mil S-24645 and ASTM A710 steel tested at frequencies of 10 and 2 Hz. The influence of frequency, microstructure, and cathodic protection on crack closure contributions in the near-threshold regime will be discussed.
Cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy studies of capture from atomic and molecular hydrogen by O 8+ and Ar 8+

We have used cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy to study electron capture from atomic and molecular hydrogen targets by slow $(0.3l\mathrm{v}l0.95\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{a.u.})$ ${\mathrm{O}}^{8+}$ and ${\text{Ar}}^{8+}$ ions. For the atomic hydrogen target, we have performed coupled-channel calculations using an atomic orbital expansion to compare to the experimental results. The $Q$-value spectra show strong populations of both $n=5$ and $n=6$ states on the projectile, with a tendency for increasing the population of high-angular momentum states for higher projectile velocity. A strong population of $n=6$ is found, a result not previously reported but in good agreement with the present calculations.
Projectile-charge dependence of stopping powers

Recent stopping-power data of solids with atomic number Z/sub 2/ ranging from 13 to 79 for ions ranging in atomic number Z/sub 1/ from 1 to 9 and in velocity from 7v/sub 0/ to 12v/sub 0/ are analyzed in terms of Z/sup 3//sub 1/ effects and effective ion charges. They are found to be consistent with current theory. High-velocity forms of the Z/sup 3//sub 1/-proportional stopping-power contributions are calculated by the method of moment integrals.
Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in the Rare-Earth Pnictides

The pnictides, a series of rare-earth group-V intermetallic compounds, have the unique property that these cubic materials distort 2-3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K above the N\'eel point. We are able to explain this unusual behavior by using a model in which the lattice distortions are driven by quadrupole phase transitions which occur at higher temperatures than the magnetic phase transitions.
Genotype‐by‐environment interaction and the Dobzhansky–Muller model of postzygotic isolation

The Dobzhansky–Muller (D–M) model of reproductive isolation (RI) posits that hybrid sterility and inviability result from negative epistatic interactions between alleles at a minimum of two genes. This standard model makes several implicit assumptions, including a lack of environmental effects and genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) involving hybrid sterility and hybrid inviability loci. Here we relax this assumption of the standard D–M model. By doing so, several patterns of the genetic architecture of RI change. First, a novel single-locus model of postzygotic RI emerges. Several indirect lines of evidence are discussed in support of the model, but we conclude that this new single-locus model is currently no more supported than previous ones. Second, when multilocus D–M models incorporating GEI are considered, we find that the number of potential negative epistatic interactions increases dramatically over the number predicted by the standard D–M model, even when only the most simple case of two-allele interactions are considered. Third, these multilocus models suggest that some previous generalizations about the evolutionary genetics of postzygotic RI may not necessarily hold. Our findings also suggest that the evolution of postzygotic RI may be more likely when the expression of traits driving speciation is affected by the environment, since there appears to be a greater spectrum of potential hybrid incompatibilities under the D–M model incorporating GEI.
Abolition of cyclic flow variations in stenosed, endothelium-injured coronary arteries in nonhuman primates with a peptide fragment (VCL) derived from human plasma von Willebrand factor-glycoprotein Ib binding domain.

BACKGROUND Platelets play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes. The interaction between the platelet glycoprotein Ib receptor and von Willebrand factor is a critical event allowing platelet adhesion and aggregation and subsequent thrombus formation in vessels with high shear rates and damaged endothelium. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that VCL, an antagonist of von Willebrand-glycoprotein Ib binding domain, (1) attenuates/abolishes cyclic flow variations in stenosed, endothelium-injured coronary arteries in nonhuman primates and (2) reduces botrocetin-induced platelet aggregation in vitro after intravenous in vivo administration. METHODS AND RESULTS Cyclic flow variations were established in anesthetized, open-chest baboons (n = 18). The baboons were divided into three groups. One group (n = 8) received a bolus of VCL (4 mg/kg IV) followed by an infusion (6 mg.kg-1.h-1) for 90 minutes (schedule A). Another group (n = 6) received a 2-mg/kg bolus followed by an infusion of 3 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 90 minutes (schedule B). The third group received a placebo infusion of normal saline. Under dosing schedule A, cyclic flow variations were abolished in 7 of 8 baboons after 33 +/- 18 minutes and markedly attenuated in 1. The frequency of cyclic flow variations fell from 18 +/- 9.4 per hour during the control period to 1 +/- 2.5 per hour after VCL infusion, P 3 hours and returned in 2 of 7 after 2 to 2.5 hours. Under schedule B, cyclic flow variations were abolished in 3 of 6 baboons and markedly reduced in the remainder. The number of cyclic flow variations fell from 17 +/- 4.8 per hour during the control period to 5 +/- 4.9 per hour after the VCL infusion, P < .001. The cyclic flow variations returned spontaneously at 38 +/- 40 minutes under this dosing schedule. Placebo infusion of saline had no effect on cyclic flow frequency or severity. VCL administration was associated with slight prolongation in bleeding time and a reduction in botrocetin-induced platelet aggregation. The bleeding time increased from a control time of 88 +/- 32 to 276 +/- 204 seconds, P < .03, and from 142 +/- 28 to 176 +/- 36 seconds, P = .056, for schedules A and B, respectively. VCL decreased platelet aggregation in response to botrocetin (20 micrograms/mL), from a control value of 66 +/- 30.3 to 33 +/- 31.3 omega, P < .05, and from 64 +/- 23.5 to 46 +/- 15.8 omega, P = .006, for dosing schedules A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, administration of a peptide fragment corresponding to von Willebrand-glycoprotein Ib binding domain (1) is effective in abolishing cyclic flow variations in stenosed, endothelium-injured coronary arteries and (2) reduces platelet aggregation in vivo in response to botrocetin in nonhuman primates.
Recurrent ischemia in the zone of prior myocardial infarction: Results of coronary angioplasty of the infarct-related artery

Abstract We studied the efficacy of coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the infarct-related artery in 54 patients with recurrent myocardial ischemia in the zone of prior infarction. Our patients had recurrent ischemia 10 ± 7 days after infarction, with 75% experiencing rest angina and 15% having evidence of reinfarction. Angiography of the infarct-related artery demonstrated a critical stenosis in 35 of 54, a subtotal occlusion in 5 of 54, and a total occlusion in 14 of 54. PTCA was successful in 94% of critical stenoses, 80% of subtotal occlusions, but in only 50% of total occlusions. Complications related to PTCA included a 3.7% rate of emergency surgery, but no deaths or infarctions. During the clinical follow-up period of 11 ± 7 months, there was one reinfarction and no deaths. Although 27% of our 44 patients with a successful initial PTCA required a second revascularization procedure for recurrent angina, 40 patients (91%) remained symptomatically improved with angioplasty alone (including successful repeat PTCA in eight patients). We conclude that PTCA of the infarct-related artery is beneficial for selected patients with recurrent ischemia in the zone of prior infarction.
Group aversion by imaginal, vicarious and shared recipient-observer shocks

Abstract Sixty college students completed waiting control or alternative group aversion conditions, matched for severity and chronicity of nail-biting. Treatments spanned four sessions. Imaginai aversion (covert sensitization) clients visualized shocks to themselves. Vicarious aversion clients observed shocks to a trained model. A ‘hotseat’ format randomized a few actual shocks to each client with observing peers shocked on remaining trials. The predominant pattern of outcome and subjective impact results was as follows: Hotseat consistently best; vicarious typically second; imaginal usually third; controls worst. Clinical and conceptual issues are raised.
Decline of signal transduction by phospholipase Cγ1 in IMR 90 human diploid fibroblasts at high population doubling levels

During cellular senescence in vitro, the cells do not respond mitogenically to serum growth factors at high population doubling levels. Phospholipase C activity in low PDL IMR 90 cells showed a 4.7-fold stimulation in response to 10% serum compared to 3.3-fold in high PDL cells when measured in whole cell extracts. Immunoaffinity purified tyrosine phosphorylated protein fraction showed a greater increase (5.2-fold) in phospholipase C activity in low PDL than high PDL cells (2.1-fold) in response to serum. Serum stimulated PLCγ1 activity was diminished in high PDL cells. Immunokinase assay of PLCγ1 immunoprecipitates from serum stimulated IMR 90 fibroblasts suggested that diminished enzymatic activity in high PDL cells is not due to less receptor coupled tyrosine phosphorylated PLCγ1 enzyme. Serum stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA declined in parallel with the activity of PLCγ1, suggesting that its activation might play significant roles in this in vitro model for cellular senescence.
End-of-life care in ICU: a practical guide

Proper critical care training and management rests on 3 pillars-evidence-based patient care, proficient procedural skills, and compassionate end-of-life (EOL) management. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a practical guide to EOL management for all bedside practitioners. The manuscript outlines not all but some fundamentally important ethical concepts and provides helpful rules and steps on end-of-life management based on my own personal experience and practice. Moreover, nowhere in the rigorous training of critical care or hospitalist physicians do we teach the procedure for removal of life-sustaining measures. Like any other procedure in medicine, it requires preparation, implementation and conclusion, as well as supervision and repetition to become proficient. Therefore, at the conclusion of this paper, an attempt is made to correct this lack of training by providing such outline and a guide.
Assessing Student Collegiate Experience: Where do we begin?

The idea of assessing how much students learn, improve, or grow in college, as well as how they stand at graduation, has been gaining momentum over the 'reputational' and 'resources' approaches. This study is to demonstrate how this new approach can work even if an institution has already committed to using an externally-developed survey instrument to assess student collegiate experience. It attempts to articulate student collegiate experience using self-reports and to construct the gain scales that can be used as the outcome measures in an institution's assessment efforts.
Breast burns are not benign: Long-term outcomes of burns to the breast in pre-pubertal girls

Chest burns in pre-pubescent girl are commonly seen in paediatric burn units. These patients are at risk of significant long-term problems with scarring and breast development requiring reconstructive surgery many years after the initial burn. Admissions to our unit over a 20-year period were reviewed to determine the frequency of these burns. Patients whose burns required surgical debridement and split skin grafting, and who would now be post-pubertal were included in the study. We attempted to trace and contact these patients and were able to find 13 out of 22 patients, of whom 11 agreed to participate. The mechanism of injury in six was scalds and the other five had flame burns. Mean age of patients with scald was 18 months and for flame burns 4 years 8 months. These women required a variety of reconstructive procedures to improve breast appearance including contracture releases, dermabrasion, breast augmentation and contralateral breast reduction. Girls burned as young children require follow-up and appropriate referral long after the burn to ensure good cosmetic results are achieved during and after puberty.
Considerations on the psychotherapy of the substance abuser

Abstract Psychotherapy is an important treatment option for many substance abuse patients. There are some similarities but important differences in psychotherapeutic procedures with substance abusers as compared to other psychiatric patients. The primary goal of the treatment process must be abstinence; resolution of psychological conflicts is not a necessary condition for the achievement or maintenance of abstinence. The initial treatment phase including development of a therapeutic alliance often requires the therapist to take an active educational and confrontative role. The pharmacology and patterns of abuse of the drugs should be well understood. Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) are a valuable component of the treatment process; psychotherapists must be sensitive to the ethos and procedures of these programs.
Sketching and conceptions of software design

In this paper, we describe a study of sketching and design within a software organization in which hundreds of hours of video of development activity in situ were captured and analyzed. We use the study as a basis from which to question how researcher conceptions of software design -- what it is, when and where it occurs, and how it is accounted -- affect the way in which design is empirically studied. When researcher conceptions of design substantially differ from the actual design practices of those who are studied, researchers are at risk of seeing only what they are looking for and in this way miss the very design practices carried out by software developers in their quotidian work that the researchers were hoping to characterize.
Hemidystonia-hemiatrophy syndrome.

To define the clinical and radiological features of patients with the combination of hemidystonia (HD) and hemiatrophy (HA), the HD-HA syndrome. HD is a very disabling neurological condition that is rarely associated with HA of the affected body part, similar to the hemiparkinsonism-hemiatrophy syndrome. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with the HD-HA syndrome and the data was entered into a database and analyzed. Video recordings as well as imaging studies were also reviewed. Twenty six patients (14 female) with a mean age at onset of HD at 14.9 years (1–46 years) were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. Fourteen (53%) had HD and HA on the left side and 23 (88%) had hemiparesis preceding the onset of HD. The mean latency from the onset of hemiparesis to the onset of HD was 14.7 years (2 weeks–46 years). All patients with hemiparesis had marked improvement in their weakness prior to the onset of HD. Common causes leading to hemiparesis and subsequent HD were birth or perinatal complications (N = 13) and stroke (N = 10). Seven patients (26%) had associated seizures. Twenty two patients (85%) had abnormal brain MRI: eight had lesions directly involving the basal ganglia and nine had cerebral hemiatrophy or non specific diffuse atrophy. Sixteen patients received botulinum toxin injections and responded well to treatment. HD-HA is usually associated with static encephalopathy originating at very young age, but the syndrome may also represent delayed sequelae of a stroke or brain injury. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society