cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Substance Use With Behavioral Adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for COVID-19 Mitigation: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey.

Background: Substance use is a risk factor for COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes. However, reasons for elevated risk for COVID-19 in substance users are not well understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether alcohol or other drug use is associated with adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for COVID-19 mitigation. Preregistered analyses tested the hypothesis that greater use of alcohol and other drugs would be associated with lower CDC guideline adherence. A secondary objective was to determine whether substance use was associated with the likelihood of COVID-19 testing or outcome. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered to a convenience sample recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform from June 18 to July 19, 2020. Individuals aged 18 years or older and residing in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, or Rhode Island were eligible to participate. The exposure of interest was past 7-day use of alcohol, cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cannabis, stimulants, and nonmedical opioids. The primary outcome was CDC guideline adherence measured using a scale developed from behaviors advised to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Secondary outcomes were likelihood of COVID-19 testing and a positive COVID-19 test result. All analyses accounted for the sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The sample consisted of 1084 individuals (mean age 40.9 [SD 13.4] years): 529 (48.8%) men, 543 (50.1%) women, 12 (1.1%) other gender identity, 742 (68.5%) White individuals, 267 (24.6%) Black individuals, and 276 (25.5%) Hispanic individuals. Daily opioid users reported lower CDC guideline adherence than nondaily users (B=–0.24, 95% CI –0.44 to –0.05) and nonusers (B=–0.57, 95% CI –0.76 to –0.38). Daily alcohol drinkers reported lower adherence than nondaily drinkers (B=–0.16, 95% CI –0.30 to –0.02). Nondaily alcohol drinkers reported higher adherence than nondrinkers (B=0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.17). Daily opioid use was related to greater odds of COVID-19 testing, and daily stimulant use was related to greater odds of a positive COVID-19 test. Conclusions: In a regionally-specific, racially, and ethnically diverse convenience sample, adults who engaged in daily alcohol or opioid use reported lower CDC guideline adherence for COVID-19 mitigation. Any opioid use was associated with greater odds of COVID-19 testing, and daily stimulant use was associated with greater odds of COVID-19 infection. Cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cannabis, or stimulant use were not statistically associated with CDC guideline adherence, after accounting for sociodemographic covariates and other substance use variables. Findings support further investigation into whether COVID-19 testing and vaccination should be expanded among individuals with substance-related risk factors.
Ultrastructure of Nematode-Plant Interactions

The light microscope was the foundation for our basic concepts of host-parasite relationships of plant parasitic nematodes in crop plants. The electron microscope has extended our knowledge of the feeding apparatus of the nematodes and its relation to secretions from esophageal glands and host response during parasitism. Much of the progress in studying host-parasite interactions is due to increased resolution of transmission and scanning electron microscopes and improved technologies of fixation and embedment of both plant and animal tissues. This chapter summarizes portions of this research in ultrastructure directed to nematode anatomy, its relation to host penetration, nematode development during feeding, and host response.
Abstract Reference and Universals

The upshot of the previous three chapters is that the realist cannot establish the existence of universals merely by an appeal to the phenomena of predication and resemblance. Of the traditional approaches to universals, then, we are left with that based on the phenomenon of abstract reference. If the realist is to convince us that we should embrace the ontological framework he recommends, he will have to base his case on the claim that the truth of sentences which appear to involve devices for referring to universals actually presupposes the existence of those universals. Our discussion so far suggests that the most plausible sentences to examine here are sentences like ‘Triangularity is a shape’ and ‘Red is a color’ which incorporate what have been called abstract singular terms; but before we confront the issue of the referential role of abstract terms, we ought to consider an argument for the existence of universals which is found in the later writings of W. V. Quine.
Value-based implementation of distributed generation in optimal power flow

Distributed generation (DG) has emerged as a practical and viable technology for alleviating power system shortages related to generation and transmission inadequacies. The market location and coordination of a selected DG technology is of high importance to engineers and power marketers. This paper develops an approach for coordinating DG on a grid/micro-grid and solves the resource allocation problem in the framework of a voltage stability constrained optimal power flow. Continuation power flow (CPF) was used to determine weak voltage nodes that are vulnerable to voltage collapse as well as determination of the voltage stability margin (VSM). The impact assessment of DG is computed in terms of the added value to the locational marginal price (LMP) differentials between neighboring network nodes as well as across area boundaries. LMP was used to compute the market implications of installing DG sources. The value of DG (or its detrimental impacts) is monitored and the corresponding available transfer capabilities (ATC) of critical interfaces were determined. The feasibility of the developed approach for value-based DG implementation was tested on a 30-bus 330 kV high voltage system model.
Rotation of Young Stars in the Orion Nebula Region

Approximately 50 stars in the Orion Nebula region with V = 12−14, B−V = 0.6−1.1 were observed with the intent of empirically determining the evolution of rotation on the approach to the main sequence. Most of the stars are of 0.8 – 1.0 M⊙, with apparent ages ranging from a few times 106 to a few time 107 years, and all are proper motion members. With 20 of the stars fully analyzed, there is no indication of extremely rapid rotation such as is seen among the K stars in the Pleiades. Typical v sin i values are 15–30 km s-1, and there is no apparent increase from younger to older stars as they approach the main sequence.
Football and Arab-American Muslim Identities in Fordson: Faith, Fasting, Football

Rashid Ghazi’s Fordson: Faith, Fasting, Football (2011) addresses the Fordson High School football team in Dearborn, Michigan, a team composed of almost entirely of Arab-American Muslims. Ghazi tackles subjects such as being Arab-American in a post-9/11 world, how players practice and play games while fasting during Ramadan, and how a predominantly Muslim school navigates matters of church and state. This essay reads Ghazi’s little-seen documentary as an entry point to discuss the history of Arab Americans in sports.
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase suppresses referred hyperalgesia induced by bladder inflammation.

Study Type – Aetiology (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE • To determine (i) the presence of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the urinary bladder; (ii) whether or not endogenous fatty acid ethanolamides are synthesized by the bladder; (iii) the effects of FAAH inhibition on referred hyperalgesia associated with acute bladder inflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS • Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed to detect FAAH in the bladder. Acrolein (1 mM, 400 µL) was instilled into bladders of female Wistar rats to induce cystitis. Referred mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by application of Von Frey monofilaments to the hind paws. • Animals were killed 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after acrolein instillation, and the fatty acid ethanolamide content of bladders was measured using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. • Other rats were treated with the FAAH inhibitor URB597 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) after the induction of cystitis, and the mechanical sensitivity of the hind paws was determined. RESULTS • Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting showed the presence of FAAH in the bladder, with greatest abundance in the urothelium. • Acrolein-induced cystitis increased fatty acid ethanolamide content (including anandamide) in the bladder in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of FAAH diminished referred hyperalgesia associated with acute bladder inflammation. CONCLUSIONS • The results obtained in the present study indicate that (i) FAAH is present in the urinary bladder; (ii) fatty acid ethanolamides are increased during bladder inflammation; (iii) inhibition of FAAH could be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of bladder pain. • These results raise the possibility that inhibitors of enzymes responsible for metabolism of fatty acid ethanolamides could inhibit pain associated with bladder inflammation.
A New Technique of Model Reduction: Modified L-K Transformation

A two-time-scale system can be reduced to a lower order system, slow mode subsystem, by the technique of singular perturbation, in which the quasi- steady state approximation and the L-K transformation are used. However, as pointed out in [4], the quasi-steady state approximation is good only for the sufficiently singularly perturbed systems and the L-K transformation always loses some steady state component of the full order system. A new technique, modified L-K transformation, is proposed here to transform A system into weak and strong subsystems representing different modes of the full order system respectively. The singular value decomposition is employed in minimizing the weakness indices. The reduced system is obtained by keeping the strong subsystem. By using the formulas of constructing L and K matrices [4], this technique is very easy to be applied.
Parallel Poisson Surface Reconstruction

In this work we describe a parallel implementation of the Poisson Surface Reconstruction algorithm based on multigrid domain decomposition. We compare implementations using different models of data-sharing between processors and show that a parallel implementation with distributed memory provides the best scalability. Using our method, we are able to parallelize the reconstruction of models from one billion data points on twelve processors across three machines, providing a nine-fold speedup in running time without sacrificing reconstruction accuracy.
Enhanced ion implantation charging damage on thin gate oxide due to photoresist

Charging damage during the high current ion implantation process is studied for the capacitors with 10 nm gate oxide in terms of photoresist pattern effect. Enhanced charging damage due to photoresist is studied quantitatively using antenna structures and a special photoresist pattern. Interface traps generated by the charging current injection are measured using the CV method, which is sensitive and simple to monitor the charging damage quantitatively. The oxide breakdown can be predicted from the charging voltage so determined. In-situ doped polysilicon was used for the gate electrode.
The Structure of Ribonuclease-S at 6 A Resolution

The electron density map of ribonuclease-S calculated from x-ray diffraction data on the protein and three heavy atom derivatives at 3.5 A resolution is interpretable in terms of main chain and side chain conformation with the aid of pre-existing chemical sequence data and general stereochemical knowledge. Stereoscopic pictures of part of the map and a skeletal model are presented. Features of the structure include 15% helix, 15% hydrophobic core, and appreciable antiparallel-β chain pairing. The configuration of the main chain and assignment of —S—S bridges closely resembles the structure of Rnase-A of Kartha, Bello, and Harker (3) except where there is a chemical difference. The structure is also compatible with much of the relevant chemical literature.
Non-linear dynamics of a one-way clutch in belt–pulley systems

One-way clutches are frequently used in the serpentine belt accessory drives of automobiles and heavy vehicles. The clutch plays a role similar to a vibration absorber in order to reduce belt/pulley vibration and noise and increase belt life. This paper analyzes a two-pulley system where the driven pulley has a one-way clutch between the pulley and accessory shaft that engages only for positive relative displacement between these components. The belt is modelled with linear springs that transmit torque from the driving pulley to the accessory pulley. The one-way clutch is modelled as a piecewise linear spring with discontinuous stiffness that separates the driven pulley into two degrees of freedom. The harmonic balance method combined with arclength continuation is employed to illustrate the non-linear dynamic behavior of the one-way clutch and determine the stable and unstable periodic solutions for given parameters. The results are confirmed by numerical integration and the bifurcation software AUTO. At the first primary resonance, most of the responses are aperiodic, including quasiperiodic and chaotic solutions. At the second primary resonance, the peak bends to the left with classical softening non-linearity because clutch disengagement decouples the pulley and the accessory over portions of the response period. The dependence on clutch stiffness, excitation amplitude, and inertia ratio between the pulley and accessory is studied to characterize the non-linear dynamics across a range of conditions.
Impact of anode catalyst layer porosity on the performance of a direct formic acid fuel cell

Abstract Direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) have attracted much attention in the last few years for portable electronic devices, due to their potential of being high efficiency power sources. They have the potential to replace the state-of-the-art batteries in cell phones, PDAs, and laptop computers if their power density and durability can be improved. In the present investigation, the influence of increased anode catalyst layer porosity on DFAFC power density performance is studied. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was used as a pore-former in this study because of its facile and complete removal after catalyst layer fabrication. The anode catalyst layers presented herein contained unsupported Pt/Ru catalyst and Li2CO3 (in the range of 0–50 wt%) bound with proton conducting ionomer. Higher DFAFC performance is obtained because of the increased porosity within the anode catalyst layer through enhanced reactant and product mass transport. The maximum power density of DFAFC increased by 25% when pore-former was added to the anode catalyst ink. The formic acid onset potential for the anode catalyst layer with 17.5 wt% pore-former was reduced by 30 mV. A constant phase element based equivalent-circuit model was used to investigate anode impedance spectra. Fitted values for the anode impedance spectra confirm the improvement in performance due to an increase in formic acid concentration inside the anode catalyst layer pores along with efficient transport of reactants and products.
An Investigation into Sulfur Isotopes in the Galactic Cosmic Rays

Measurements made by the Ulysses High Energy Telescope (HET) have made it possible for the first time to resolve the individual isotopes of sulfur 32S,33S, and 34S. The measured ratio of Galactic cosmic-ray 34S/32S in the heliosphere is 24.2% ± 2.7%. Based on this value, the Galactic source composition for 34S/32S has been found to be 6.2% ± 2.6% ± ≤2.9%. The former error reflects the statistical and instrumental uncertainties, while the latter is an estimate of the uncertainty in the derived source abundance arising from the propagation calculation. The 34S/32S source abundance agreement with the solar system abundance of this ratio (4.4%) is in accord with conclusions from other measurements that the overall isotopic cosmic-ray source is solar system-like, with only a couple of notable exceptions. The HET also resolves 33S. The ratio of Galactic cosmic-ray 33S/32S in the heliosphere is 19.0% ± 2.4%, corresponding to a source abundance of 2.6% ± 2.4%, since 33S is mostly secondary. This ratio is higher than, but consistent with, the solar system abundance of 0.8%. Assuming similar systematic errors to those found for 34S/32S, the 33S/32S ratio illustrates the difficulty in finding source abundances for mostly secondary cosmic-ray isotopes. The overall implications of the 33S and 34S measurements and their derived source abundances are included in the report.
Carbon-13 and hydrogen NMR data for a series of 1,4-benzodiazepines

Hydrogen and carbon chemical shifts and H-H and C-H couplings are reported for five simple 1,4-benzodiazepines, three imidazolo-1,4-benzodiazepines, two modified triazolo-1,4-benzodiazepines.
Laser radar in adverse weather

Laser radar images of an outdoor target scene were collected in adverse weather such as rain and fog during the course of one year. Included in this collection is imagery in fogs with visibilities less than 2 km and rains with rain rates of up to 60 mm/hr. The targets were calibrated panels at 510 m and 1 km. The laser radar system used was a direct- detection 1.06 micrometers system designed to operate at 2 km in clear weather. For the purposes described here, though, the maximum range gate was set to 1.5 km. The system used a correlation technique for detection and discrimination, which significantly reduced the number of false returns in fog. Using these collected images, dropout pixels and false returns were correlated with rain rate and visibility. Extinction coefficients for 1.064 micrometers laser light were also calculated as a function of rain rate and visibility in fog and rain conditions. These coefficients were found to be consistent with those measured previously at 0.55 micrometers , 0.63 micrometers and 10.6 micrometers . These coefficients can be used to predict the performance of any circular polarized 1.064 micrometers LADAR system in rain and fog conditions.
Surface-polariton-induced structure in the I - V curves of metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions

We present results of calculations of structure due to electron-surface polariton coupling in the I-V characteristics of a metal-insulator-metal tunnel junction. Our theory is similar in many respects to that derived by Ngai and Economou [Phys. Rev. B 4, 2132 (1971)], who investigated the same issue for a metal-semiconductor junction. We find for the specific case of an aluminum--aluminum-oxide--gold tunnel junction, a small asymmetric peak in ${d}^{2}$I/${\mathrm{dV}}^{2}$ near 2.1 eV which has a width of 0.5 eV.
Application of Frequency Selective Circuits for Crack Detection in Concrete Elements

Recent research has demonstrated that cracking can be monitored in concrete using conductive surface elements. One complication with using conductive surface elements is that each element requires a separate data acquisition channel. To overcome this hurdle, a frequency selective circuit (FSC) has been developed to rapidly and simultaneously interrogate the response of multiple conductive surface elements. The response of the FSC is analyzed using numerical methods and the use of the FSC is demonstrated using a pilot study in which conductive surface coatings were used to simultaneously monitor the time of cracking of multiple restrained concrete rings. Results indicate that the FSC can be used to monitor a large number of surface coating elements. This technology could be extended to other resistance based sensors. The FSC approach has the potential to be used for health monitoring of infrastructure elements where a large number of sensors are used.
Radioimmunoassay of Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate

Abstract This report describes a radioimmunoassay method for the direct measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in diluted plasma. Utilizing a specific DHEA-S antiserum which reacted completely with DHEA, we have measured DHEA-S accurately in small aliquots of diluted plasma. Due to the relatively high concentration of DHEA-S in plasma, the effect of DHEA and other steroids on the assay was negligible. The usable range of the standard curve was between 10 and 500 pg DHEA-S. The range of levels that could be measured per ml of plasma varied from 0.02 to 5.0 pg. The range of values obtained by this method for plasma DHEA-S compared favorably with the ronge of levels observed in adult men and women, using various other techniques.
The logic of pseudo-S-integers

Let {ni} be a sequence of natural numbers and let {pi} be a listing of rational primes. Then an abelian groupG={x ∈ √| ordpix ≥ −ni} is called a group of pseudo-integers. We investigate the logical properties of such groups of pseudo-integers and the counterparts of such groups in global fields in the case the number of primes allowed to appear in the denominator is infinite. We show that, while the addition problem of any recursive group of pseudo-integers is decidable, the Diophantine problem for some recursive groups of pseudo-integers with infinite number of primes allowed in the denominator, is not decidable. More precisely, there exist recursive groups of pseudo-integers, where infinite number of primes are allowed to appear in the denominator, such that there is no uniform algorithm to decide whether a polynomial equation over ℤ in several variables has solutions in the group. This result is obtained by giving a Diophantine definition of ℤ over these groups. The proof is based on the strong Hasse norm principal.
Verapamil diminishes action potential changes during metabolic inhibition by blocking ATP-regulated potassium currents.

Verapamil has beneficial effects on ischemic myocardium, including reduction in electrophysiological derangements, prevention of intracellular K+ loss, and preservation of high-energy phosphates, but the mechanisms underlying these actions are not clear. Recent studies have demonstrated a role of ATP-regulated K+ (KATP) current in action potential shortening and K+ loss during ischemia and metabolic inhibition. Therefore, we studied the effects of verapamil on KATP current in feline ventricular myocytes to test the hypothesis that the drug prevents ischemic electrophysiological disturbances by affecting the KATP channel. Membrane potentials and currents were recorded using standard patch-clamp techniques. During 15-minute superfusion with 1 mM CN-, action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization was reduced from 259 +/- 12 to 98 +/- 15 msec (62% reduction) in the absence of verapamil and from 266 +/- 11 to 183 +/- 16 msec (31% reduction) in the presence of 2 microM verapamil (p less than 0.01). In inside-out membrane patches, the KATP current, activated in the absence of ATP, was significantly suppressed by intracellular application of 2 microM verapamil, but the single-channel conductance was not changed. Verapamil did not change the mean open and closed times of the channel within bursts (e.g., the mean open time was 1.92 +/- 0.18 and 1.82 +/- 0.21 msec in the absence and presence of 2 microM verapamil, respectively), but it shortened the mean lifetime of bursts from 41.1 +/- 3.5 to 24.9 +/- 2.8 msec (p less than 0.01) and prolonged the closed time between bursts from 39.4 +/- 4.6 to 78.5 +/- 5.1 msec (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A survey of receptor mechanisms of the bullfrog (R. catesbieana)

Abstract The majority of frog skin mechanoreceptors (units) examined responded to light touch. Respectively, fewer units responded to moderate pressure, joint movement, noxious pinch, and electrical stimulation. Most units possessed a wide dynamic range. A few of the units that responded to touch also responded to electrical stimulation. Both tonic and phasic response patterns were observed. A linear relationship between joint flexion and frequency of impulse discharge was revealed. Nociceptive endings adapted slowly and generated no spontaneous activity. Such units were frequently sensitive to temperature changes. The data suggest that, although some receptors may detect more than one type of sensation, a significant degree of receptor specificity exists at this level of phylogenetic development.
The Heat Is on … Thermal Epiglottitis As a Late Presentation of Airway Steam Injury

Abstract Background Thermal epiglottitis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease. Diagnosis requires a thorough history and high clinical level of suspicion, particularly in children. Thermal epiglottitis from steam inhalation can have a slow onset without oropharyngeal signs of thermal injury, findings that can hide the clinical diagnosis. Objective Our aim was to review the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of thermal epiglottitis and the challenges involved in diagnosis and management of this form of atypical epiglottitis. Case Report We describe the case of a 22-month-old male presenting to the pediatric emergency department after a scald burn from steam and boiling water resulting in 12% body surface area burns to his chin, chest, and shoulder, with no obvious oropharyngeal or neck injuries. At the time of presentation, he was afebrile and well appearing. Six hours after the injury, he was sitting in the “tripod position,” drooling, with pooled saliva in his mouth and inspiratory stridor. Intubation in the operating room using conventional direct laryngoscopy was not successful and he was intubated using an operative endoscope. Laryngoscopy demonstrated thermal epiglottitis. A tracheostomy was performed to secure the airway, and he was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. He was discharged home and decannulated 4 weeks later, when airway endoscopy showed complete recovery with normal airway structures. Conclusion A thorough history and physical examination together with a high level of suspicion and aggressive, collaborative airway management is vital in preventing catastrophic airway obstruction in atypical forms of epiglottitis.
Lofexidine and clonidine in moderate essential hypertension

The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lofexidine, a centrally acting imidazoline derivative, were compared to that of clonidine in a randomized double-blind trial in 28 patients with moderate essential hypertension. The study consisted of a washout phase, a placebo phase, a drug titration phase (0.2 to 1.6 mglday, with hydrochlorothiazide added at 0.4 mg daily for supine and erect diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg), and a maintenance phase lasting 3 mo. During the titration phase supine systolic and diastolic pressures fell in lofexidine patients from 143 ± 4198 ± 3 to 122 ± 3181 ± 2 mm Hg and in clonidine patients from 154 ± 61101 ± 2 to 124 ± 4/81 ± 2 mm Hg (P < 0.01), and erect systolic and diastolic pressures fell in lofexidine patients from 143 ± 31105 ±2 to 116 ± 3185 ± 2 mm Hg and in clonidine patients from 156 ± 6/104 + 2 to 117 ± 4/82 ± 2 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Maximal doses of lofexidine and clonidine in combination with hydrochlorothiazide had equivalent antihypertensive effects, but when the effects of lofexidine and clonidine were compared at each dose level, larger doses of lofexidine were needed to control blood pressure. There was no change in heart rate in lofexidine patients in either the supine or erect position during the titration phase but heart rate fell in the clonidine patients (P < 0.05) over the same period. Dry mouth and drowsiness were reported in both groups but were both less frequent and less severe in the lofexidine group than the clonidine group. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 30, 752–757; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.234
On the determinants of individual demand for pension annuities

Abstract This paper derives individual pension demand under uncertainty. The derived pension demand function is then estimated by positing a general functional form which includes linear and logarithmic forms as special cases. Our empirical study finds no relationship between absolute demand for pensions and wealth but lends support to the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between pension demand and the income tax rate.
Orthostatic and non-orthostatic headache in postural tachycardia syndrome.

ObjectiveOrthostatic and non-orthostatic headache spectrum was prospectively studied in 24 consecutive patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).MethodsPatients were interviewe...
Addition polymers of aldehydes

The polymerization of aldehydes has played a considerable role in the progress of chain reaction polymerization and has significantly contributed to our knowledge of polymer science. Polyformaldehyde, as homopolymer and copolymer, plays an important role as a significant niche product in engineering plastics use. Higher aldehyde polymerization demonstrates the importance of stereospecificity and the ceiling temperature of polymerization. A discussion of haloacetaldehyde polymers is reserved for an upcoming article. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2293–2299, 2000
Language ideology, fractal recursivity, and discursive agency in the legal construction of linguistic evidence

This article analyzes the language ideology (Silverstein 1979; Woolard & Schieffelin 1994) circulated in Section 8 of the United States Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), focusing on the consequences to discursive agency when this language ideology is used to appropriate an utterance for use as evidence. Section 8 of the FRE, or the hearsay rule, bars the testimonial, in-court repetition of second-hand statements. The excited utterance exception to hearsay admits an utterance as long as it was made by an excited speaker, while s/he was under the sway of an exciting event, which the excited utterance must also report. This rule explicitly trusts spontaneous speech, entextualizing it as a trustworthy account of an event, using the reasoning that such an utterance is not made by a speaker capable of self-reflection. I show that this language ideology problematically links discursive agency (Butler 1997; Medina 2006) with an untruthful speaker-role. Using the concept of fractal recursivity (Irvine & Gal 2000), I argue that the presuppositions embedded and circulated metadiscursively in this rule of evidence effectively constitute a speaker without legally “recognizable” discursive agency. This effect is the most noticeable and the most consequential when the excited utterance exception is used to appropriate the speech of women who have been the victims of domestic violence. Ultimately I argue that discursive agency is a feature of language ideology. (Discursive agency, legal discourse, language ideology, evidence, metadiscourse, domestic violence)*
Large-scale C I emission from molecular clouds with associated ultraviolet sources

We present large-scale observations of the 3P1→3P0 transition of neutral carbon, as well as observations of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O, in four molecular clouds with nearby ultraviolet sources: W3, L1630/NGC 2024, S140, and Cep A. The observations cover approximately 30'×30' regions with a 3' beam. A typical C0 column density is about 1.6×1017 cm-2. The overall extent and morphology of the C I emission is similar to that of the 12CO and 13CO J=2→1 emission. There is a strong correlation of C I and 13CO line intensities. The column densities and line strengths of the C I lines imply that these lines arise in gas at the edge of the molecular cloud that is dissociated by ultraviolet radiation. The correlation of C I and 13CO intensity can arise as a result of a combination of column density variations, volume density variations, and unresolved cloud structure. In the latter case, however, any unresolved structures containing both C I and CO need not be more than a few times smaller than the telescope beam. Taken together with C+ observations, the C I data imply that only about half of the gas-phase carbon in molecular clouds is in CO. The observations indicate that the large 13CO/C18O abundance ratio (~20) seen at the edges of molecular clouds results from isotope-selective photodissociation of C18O.
NIR high-efficiency subwavelength diffractive structures in semiconductors

We have fabricated sub-wavelength diffractive optical elements with binary phase profiles for operation at 975 nm. Blazed transmission gratings with minimum features 63 nm wide were designed by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis and fabricated by direct-write e-beam lithography and reactive ion beam etching in gallium arsenide. Transmission measurements show 85% diffraction efficiency into the first order. Anti-reflection surfaces, with features 42 nm wide were also designed and fabricated.
Retinal and Choroidal Imaging With 870-nm Spectral-Domain OCT Compared With 1050-nm Spectral-Domain OCT, With and Without Enhanced Depth Imaging.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare images of the retina and choroid obtained with Spectralis 1050-nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with and without enhanced depth imaging (EDI) to the commercially available 870-nm SD-OCT with and without EDI. METHODS Full-length 30° line scans were obtained with both 870- and 1050-nm Spectralis OCT instruments, with and without EDI. Two trained retina physicians masked to wavelength and EDI status assessed the ability to visualize the vitreoretinal interface and full-thickness choroid, and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured. RESULTS Included in the study were 21 eyes. The vitreoretinal interface was visualized best with 870-nm OCT without EDI and was diminished with 1050-nm OCT. Graders preferred 1050 nm with EDI over 870 nm with EDI in qualitative comparisons of the choroid; 1050 nm without EDI was slightly preferred over 870 nm with EDI but was not statistically significant. SFCT measurements correlated well among the imaging modalities except for 870 nm without EDI. CONCLUSIONS SD-OCT with EDI at 870 nm provides good visualization of both the vitreoretinal interface and choroid, whereas 1050-nm SD-OCT with or without EDI provides more choroidal detail at the expense of visualization of the vitreoretinal interface. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Use of longer wavelength 1050-nm SD-OCT provides greater choroidal detail compared with 870-nm SD-OCT, but has reduced detail of the vitreoretinal interface. The significance of this trade-off for clinical management of retinal disease needs further evaluation.
A methodology for estimating occupant CO2 source generation rates from measurements in small commercial buildings

It is necessary to know CO2 source generation rates and system flow parameters, such as supply flow rate and overall room ventilation effectiveness, in order to evaluate cost savings for demand-controlled ventilation applied to commercial buildings. This paper presents a methodology for estimating schedules for generation rates and flow parameters using short-term testing. These parameters are used within a model that predicts return air CO2 concentrations as part of an overall energy analysis model. As a first step in developing the methodology, two different parameter estimation techniques were evaluated using simulated data. Each method gave models that provide good predictions of return air CO2 concentrations, but differed in terms of the identified parameters. The preferred parameter estimation method provides estimates of both average hourly source generation rates and day-to-day variations. This technique was applied to three different types of commercial buildings using field monitored data. The sites are small commercial buildings with packaged HVAC equipment and included modular schoolrooms, children's play areas in fast food restaurants and a pharmacy retail store. The impact of the length of model training data period on estimated CO2 generation rates was investigated. Eight weeks of data is sufficient for training. Expressed in terms of the coefficient of variation, the errors in predicted CO2 concentrations ranged from 4% to 15% depending on the sites. The predicted frequency of time that CO2 concentrations were within a given range agreed well with the field measured data.
SURGICAL PRACTICE PEARLS

Office-based dermatologic surgery encompasses a broad range of procedures. Regardless of the specific techniques offered, surgical practice is most rewarding when one constantly seeks to improve methods and efficiency. Discussed in this article are practical, inexpensive tips that the author has learned from mentors, colleagues, nurses, and from his own practice. These methods utilize courtesy, creativity, and common sense to improve efficiency and satisfaction. PREAPPOINTMENT The surgical encounter starts well before the actual procedure begins. Receptionists and appointment personnel provide the patient’s first impression of an office, and they should be courteous and educated to provide reliable information. They must also recognize their limitations and know when to refer questions or problems to the physician, who should be accessible and encourage communication. Patient-education materials help prepare patients before they arrive in the physician’s office. Information can be provided through printed brochures, videotapes, or over the Internet. Prepared brochures can be purchased from various companies and organizations. Alternatively, more personalized pamphlets may be prepared by a professional printer or at home with desktop publishing software and a color printer. Internet web pages can also be designed to distribute information quickly and inexpensively to patients and to referring physicians.
Synthesis, radiolabeling and initial in vivo evaluation of [11C]KSM-01 for imaging PPAR-α receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates the fatty acid β-oxidation. An in vitro assay identified the p-methoxy phenyl ureido thiobutyric acid derivative KSM-01 (IC(50)=0.28±0.09nM) having a higher affinity to activate PPAR-α than the PPAR-α agonist GW7647 (IC(50)=0.46±0.19nM). In this study, we report the synthesis and initial in vivo evaluation of [(11)C]KSM-01. The radiosynthesis was carried out by first alkylating the corresponding p-phenol precursor with [(11)C]MeI in DMF using NaOH, followed by deprotection of the t-butyl ester group by TFA, yielding [(11)C]KSM-01. SUV analysis of dynamic micro PET/CT imaging data showed that [(11)C]KSM-01 accumulation was ∼2.0-fold greater in cardiac-specific PPAR-α overexpressing transgenic mice compared to wild-type littermates. The post-PET biodistribution studies were consistent with these results and demonstrated 2.5-fold greater radiotracer uptake in the heart of transgenic mice compared to the wild-type littermates. These results demonstrate the potential utility of PPAR-α agonists as PET radiopharmaceuticals.
Solution of a large-scale two-stage decision and scheduling problem using decomposition

Abstract In this paper, we develop a decomposition technique for the solution of a two-stage decision and scheduling problem in production environments. A tree search heuristic based on the decomposition approach is developed. We illustrate the procedure on the industry example of flat glass production.
Trace Element Concentrations in Near-Surface Waters of the Great Lakes and Methods of Collection, Storage, and Analysis

Abstract From 1980 through 1985, waters of the Great Lakes were sequentially sampled for dissolved, paniculate, and total trace elements. Major sampling occurred in 1980 for Lake Huron, in 1981 for Lakes Erie and Michigan, in 1983 for Lake Superior, and in 1985 for Lake Ontario. Great care was taken during collection, storage, and analysis to prevent sample contamination and to document any contamination occurring. Trace elements measured by atomic absorption techniques were silver, aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, strontium, vanadium, and zinc. All results were field and laboratory blank corrected. Excluding aluminum, barium, iron, and strontium, concentrations of trace elements in most of the Great Lakes were a few ppb or less, with many elements being below one ppb. Element concentrations were highest in Lakes Erie and Michigan and lowest in Lakes Huron and Superior. All five Great Lakes had more than 50% of their total iron, aluminum, and manganese associated with paniculate matter.
Energy dependence of neutron-proton matrix element ratios derived from 25-800 MeV energy proton scattering.

New data are presented on elastic and inelastic proton scattering by $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ at 333 and 498 MeV and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at 318 MeV. We have analyzed these data using phenomenological distorting potentials and potentials generated by folding neutron and proton densities with a free nucleon-nucleon t matrix or with a medium modified nucleon-nucleon interaction. Making use of electromagnetic matrix elements, or charge transition densities, we have calculated neutron-proton transition matrix element ratios in the vibrating potential--vibrating density model (``collective form factors''), or with a scaling model in which the neutron transition densities are taken as proportional to the proton densities. In addition, we have calculated, neutron-proton matrix element ratios from earlier (p,p') results at 25--800 MeV for $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. We conclude that, although there are some irregularities, the derived neutron/proton matrix element ratios for natural parity states show a tendency to decrease in magnitude with decreasing proton energy in the range 500--100 MeV. A quantitatively similar effect is seen in the ratio of experimental to theoretical cross sections, where the latter are calculated using transition densities adjusted to fit electron or 800 MeV proton scattering. We attribute these results to a failure of the impulse approximation and the vibrating potential model in this energy region.
Quasi-separatrix layer reconnection for nonlinear line-tied collisionless tearing modes

Quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) diagnostics are used to diagnose nonlinear line-tied tearing modes using particle-in-cell code simulation results. For a force-free current sheet, nonlinear tearing mode cases are shown over a wide range of plasma lengths with line-tying boundary conditions at the ends of the plasma. The methods used for performing the field line integrations with noisy PIC data are described. The QSL diagnostics used are the squashing degree Q (Priest and Demoulin 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 23443) and the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scalar potential i of Richardson and Finn (2012 Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17 2132). We also introduce the non-ideal scalar potential n, the analog of the resistive MHD scalar potential r of Richardson and Finn (2012). These QSL diagnostics are compared with the helical flux contours of the primary modes. They are used in the late linear regime and near mode saturation. For non-overlapping islands, these diagnostics show the QSL associated with the X-lines and their separatrices. These are shown to indicate well field line behavior such as chaotic scattering and separatrix crossing. For overlapping islands, they indicate chaotic scattering behavior either related to Chirikov overlap (Chirikov 1979 Phys. Rep. 52 263) or to separatrix crossing (Tennyson et al 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 2117).
Minimal proton channel enables H2 oxidation and production with a water-soluble nickel-based catalyst.

Hydrogenase enzymes use first-row transition metals to interconvert H2 with protons and electrons, reactions that are important for the storage and recovery of energy from intermittent sources such as solar, hydroelectric, and wind. Here we present Ni(PCy2NGly2)2, a water-soluble molecular electrocatalyst with the amino acid glycine built into the diphosphine ligand framework. Proton transfer between the outer coordination sphere carboxylates and the second coordination sphere pendant amines is rapid, as observed by cyclic voltammetry and FTIR spectroscopy, indicating that the carboxylate groups may participate in proton transfer during catalysis. This complex oxidizes H2 (1–33 s–1) at low overpotentials (150–365 mV) over a range of pH values (0.1–9.0) and produces H2 under identical solution conditions (>2400 s–1 at pH 0.5). Enzymes employ proton channels for the controlled movement of protons over long distances—the results presented here demonstrate the effects of a simple two-component proton channel ...
Work Role Transitions: A Study of American Expatriate Managers in Japan

Throughout the course of a career, an individual must make numerous role transitions, instigated through such events as overseas transfers, domestic transfers, promotions, company reorganizations, and inter-company job changes. This paper examines the relationships between several variables and work role transition in the case of an overseas assignment to Japan. Role ambiguity and role discretion were found to influence work adjustment, while predeparture knowledge, association with local nationals, and family's adjustment were found to correlate with general adjustment of American expatriate managers in Japan.
Discrete-time interrupted stochastic control processes

This paper is concerned with the determination of optimal policies for applying inputs to discrete-time processes which are interrupted in the sense that at each time t, t = 1, 2, …, there is a probability p t (called the probability of interruption) that the state vector of the system cannot be observed. The policy is to be optimal with respect to a specified loss functional. It is shown that the optimal policy for controlling such processes can be expressed in terms of functional equations obtained by the usual procedures of dynamic programming. An interrupted process involving a linear system and quadratic loss functional is examined in detail and the optimal policy as well as the expected cost of the process under the optimal policy is expressed in analytic form. The optimal policy is found to be independent of the probability of interruption. Asymptotic properties of the optimal policy and the expected cost of the process under the optimal policy are also obtained.
Endocarditis after pectus excavatum repair: a case report.

Pectus excavatum is a common congenital musculoskeletal disease occurring in approximately 1 in 800 births.1 Indications for surgical repair include pain, exercise intolerance, abnormal pulmonary function, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, tricuspid valve compression, and cosmetic enhancement.2 We present an unusual case of endocarditis after pectus repair. A 14-year-old girl presented to the emergency room with a 2-week history of intermittent fever, chills, and pain in the lower parasternum 2 months after pectus excavatum repair. The modified Ravitch technique was used, inserting an 18-cm vitallium strut for stabilization. Physical examination revealed a 3/6 holosystolic midfrequency murmur heard throughout the precordium and an early, short diastolic murmur. Initial laboratory studies demonstrated a mild left shift and elevated inflammatory markers. Chest radiograph demonstrated a normal cardiac silhouette with inferior and posterior displacement of the pectus bar at the level of the …
A formal mentoring program in a University Library: components of a successful experiment

Abstract The LSU Libraries adopted a mentoring program in 1998 to help tenure-track librarians successfully meet tenure requirements. The program was evaluated after the first year and the faculty determined that it was successful; it was implemented on a permanent basis. The program was developed using six basic components. Details are outlined in the article.