cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research resource: comparison of gene profiles from wild-type ERα and ERα hinge region mutants.

We showed previously that the hinge region of estrogen receptor (ER) α is involved in mediating its actions. The hinge 1 (H1) ERα mutant has disrupted nuclear localization and has lost interaction with c-JUN, but retains estrogen response element (ERE)–mediated functions. The hinge 2 + nuclear export sequence (H2NES) ERα mutant does not maintain nuclear translocation with hormone and no longer activates ERE target genes but does retain a nongenomic, nonnuclear, rapid-action response. Herein, we used the human endometrial cancer Ishikawa stable cell lines (Ishikawa/vector, Ishikawa/wild-type [WT] ERα, Ishikawa/H1 ERα, or Ishikawa/H2NES ERα) to characterize the biological activities of these 2 ERα hinge region mutants. We confirmed by confocal microscopy increased cytoplasmic ERα in the H1 ERα cell line and full cytoplasmic ERα localization in the H2NES ERα cell line. Luciferase assays using the 3xERE reporter showed activation of H1 ERα and H2NES ERα by estradiol (E2) treatment, but using the endogenous pS2 reporter, luciferase activity was only seen with the H1 ERα cell line. Examining cell proliferation revealed that only the WT ERα and H1 ERα cell lines increased proliferation after treatment. Using microarrays, we found that WT ERα and H1 ERα cluster together, whereas vector and H2NES ERα are most similar and cluster independently of E2 treatment. These studies revealed that the nongenomic activities of ERα are unable to mediate proliferative changes or the transcriptional profile after treatment and demonstrate the importance of genomic action for ERα/E2-mediated responses with the nongenomic actions of ERα being complementary to elicit the full biological actions of ERα.
High-resolution observations of plankton spatial distributions correlated with hydrography in the Great South Channel, Georges Bank

During a cruise to Georges Bank in May 1992, the Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) was towyoed while non-invasively obtaining images of the plankton and environmental (CTD) data. Data from an 8 h transect across the Great South Channel (GSC) were analyzed on a continuum of spatial scales from coarse-scale (100 km) to micro-scale (mm). Abundance was determined for 12 taxonomic groups including: invertebrate larvae (ophiopluteus larvae, anthozoa larvae: Cerianthus sp.), hydroids, copepods (Calanus sp., Pseudocalanus sp.), pteropods (Limacina retroversa, Clione sp.), ctenophores (Mnemiopsis sp., Pleurobrachia sp.), larvacea (Oikopleura sp.), chaetognatha (Sagitta sp.), and diatom colonies (Chaetoceros socialis). Species-specific plots of the positions of individual plankton in the water column and plots of the temperature and salinity at which the plankton were observed (temperature-salinity-plankton plots) showed that major taxonomic groups were patchy at coarse scales because of their association with specific water masses of different origin and associated temperature/density discontinuities (pycnocline and fronts). Analysis of the T-S characteristics of water types indicated that diatom colonies and ophiopluteus larvae of echinoderms were transported to GSC in a band of cold water originating on the south flank of Georges Bank. Within this band, diatom colonies formed an intense patch at a front reaching a density of 5 ml−1. Within each water mass, fine-scale (10s of meters) plankton patchiness was associated with regions of vertical stability as indicated by the association of plankton with regions of high gradient Richardson number. Aggregation of plankton at the microscale (<1 m) occurred significantly only for plankton capable of active swimming, suggesting a dynamic interaction between biological and physical variables at this spatial scale. On occasion, veliger larvae of Limacina retroversa were found in spawning patches at concentrations exceeding 600 mk−1 within a few centimeters of the air-sea interface. The ability to observe and quantify local concentrations of plankton together with micro-scale physics, but over broad spatial scales, will help provide information on the coupling between spatial scales necessary to understand how individuals interact to form populations and communities in the world oceans.
Squeeze grasping of deformable planar objects with segment contacts and stick/slip transitions

Robotic grasping of a deformable object is difficult not simply due to the high computational cost of deformable modeling. More fundamentally, the difficulty lies in a wrench space that changes under deformation, with growing contact areas, and subject to varying slip/stick modes in these areas. This paper presents a grasping strategy by squeezing the object with two fingers. An analysis based on the finite element method (FEM) proves equilibrium and uniqueness of deformation during the action, and leads to a (improved) quadratic time deformation update from the displacements of as few as two contact nodes. An event-driven algorithm is then presented to track the contact regions during a squeeze, and determine the stick/slip mode of every node in contact. The contacts supply the constraints needed for deformation update using FEM. Several experiments with a Barrett Hand have been conducted for validation.
Quantum computing and the theorem of bell

The claim that the set of objects defining quantum information is of higher cardinality than that of classical information is often based on the theorem of Bell. We show that Bell's theorem excludes time like parameters and time dependencies. Therefore it cannot be used to prove the existence of a more extensive parameter space for quantum information. We also discuss certain classes of quantum computation games that are directly linked to the Bell theorem and may be subject to the same criticism.
Role of the breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) in drug transport

The 72-kDa breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is the second member of the subfamily G of the human ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily and thus also designated as ABCG2. Unlike P-glycoprotein and MRP1, which are arranged in 2 repeated halves, BCRP is a half-transporter consisting of only 1 nucleotide binding domain followed by 1 membrane-spanning domain. Current experimental evidence suggests that BCRP may function as a homodimer or homotetramer. Overexpression of BCRP is associated with high levels of resistance to a variety of anticancer agents, including anthracyclines, mitoxantrone, and the camptothecins, by enhancing drug efflux. BCRP expression has been detected in a large number of hematological malignancies and solid tumors, indicating that this transporter may play an important role in clinical drug resistance of cancers. In addition to its role to confer resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, BCRP actively transports structurally diverse organic molecules, conjugated or unconjugated, such as estrone-3-sulfate, 17β-estradiol 17-(β-D-glucuronide), and methotrexate. BCRP is highly expressed in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts, in the apical membrane of the epithelium in the small intestine, in the liver canalicular membrane, and at the luminal surface of the endothelial cells of human brain microvessels. This strategic and substantial tissue localization indicates that BCRP also plays an important role in absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs that are BCRP substrates. This review summarizes current knowledge of BCRP and its relevance to multidrug resistance and drug disposition.
Plastic and Moldable Metals by Self-Assembly of Sticky Nanoparticle Aggregates

Deformable, spherical aggregates of metal nanoparticles connected by long-chain dithiol ligands self-assemble into nanostructured materials of macroscopic dimensions. These materials are plastic and moldable against arbitrarily shaped masters and can be thermally hardened into polycrystalline metal structures of controllable porosity. In addition, in both plastic and hardened states, the assemblies are electrically conductive and exhibit Ohmic characteristics down to approximately 20 volts per meter. The self-assembly method leading to such materials is applicable both to pure metals and to bimetallic structures of various elemental compositions.
Are Biostatistics Students Prepared to Succeed in the Era of Interdisciplinary Science? (And How Will We Know?)

Recent years have seen an increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches to solving problems in biomedical and public health research. While the concept is not new, interest in interdisciplinarity is expanding, as reflected by the growing body of literature on interdisciplinarity, the increasing prominence of teams of researchers working collaboratively, and the intense interest on the part of public and private granting agencies to fund interdisciplinary research proposals. The reason most often cited for the mounting interest in interdisciplinarity is that we are addressing health problems that are highly complex; and complex problems require complex approaches to achieve solutions. To produce investigators who can succeed in interdisciplinary environments, training programs must impart an understanding of the rationale behind these approaches, how they are distinct from more traditional approaches, and the skills to be successful members and leaders of interdisciplinary teams across a wide range o...
Great expectations. The reading habits of year II medical students.

There are some 1350 medical schools on planet earth.2 All have the common goal of training, even educating, potential physicians. In view of their geographic, economic, and cultural diversity, it is not surprising that the length and content of courses and the style of teaching vary considerably among medical schools. Some schools are geared to produce doctors who will function when diluted 10,000-fold in the general population, with annual health budgets of approximately $1 per patient, whereas others turn out graduates who will seemingly be no less busy at a density of 1 in 300, with budgets 1500 times greater. Yet, in spite of disparate resources and needs, there is the common purpose of imparting to the fledgling physician those aspects of current medical knowledge deemed necessary for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (or its equivalent) to be conferred.Just what this information encompasses is enshrined in that essential element of all medical schools known as The Curriculum, a program of study defined by the faculty, coordinating more or less the various basic-science and clinical disciplines with respect to syllabus, course construction, and teaching strategy. For the bewildered student, the elemental curriculum combines the properties both of gases and of crystals: like the former, it is intangible and difficult to contain, and it expands promptly to fill whatever space is available; like the latter, it grows by continuous accretion of substance from the surrounding medium. From the students' perspective it might be defined as "what the faculty want us to read/see/learn before they will let us out of here."In some manner the curriculum clearly must reflect current medical knowledge and must change continually to accommodate new discoveries in the biologic sciences. Durack, in 1978, hypothesized that the sum total of new medical knowledge for a year was directly correlated with the weight of all the volumes of
1217 Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Normal Neonatal Hearing Screening in Very Preterm Infants

Background and Aim To determine the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) at 2 years of corrected age in very preterm (VPT) infants with normal neonatal hearing screening (NHS). Methods 85 VPT infants (gestational age 20 dB for at least one ear, after correction for possible conductive hearing loss. Univariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with SNHL. Results Bilateral pass AABR shortly after birth was found in 81 (95%) VPT infants. In spite of bilateral pass AABR, 23 (29%) out of 78 VPT infants had hearing loss, defined as an estimated hearing loss >20 dB HL for at least one ear, measured by ABR at 2 years of corrected age. Of these VPT infants, 5 (6%) had SNHL. Proven sepsis was found in 4 (80%) VPT infants with SNHL compared to 23 (32%) VPT infants without SNHL (P Conclusions SNHL could be identified in 6% of 2-year-old VPT infants in spite of normal NHS shortly after birth. Follow-up audiometric testing after normal NHS is recommended for VPT infants who had proven sepsis in the neonatal period.
Halo thane Inhibition of RNA and Protein Synthesis of PHA-treated Human Lymphocytes

Cultured human lymphocytes treated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) had higher rates of RNA and protein synthesis, as judged by incorporation of the labelled precursors 3H-uridine and 14C-leucine, than did control cultures without PHA. These cultures were prepared from cells of the same donor, as were
Evaluation of lactic acid and sodium metasilicate against pathogens of concern on fresh beef, pork, and deli meats

ii Acknowledgements iv List of Tables viii Chapter I. Review of Literature 1 Food Safety 1 Intrinsic Factors Affecting Microorganisms 2 Water Activity 2 pH 3 Nutrient Availability 3 Biological Structures 4 Oxidative-Reduction Potential 4 Naturally Occurring Antimicrobials 5 Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microorganisms 5 Storage Temperatures 5 Atmosphere Compisition 6 Microorganisms 6 Escherichia coli 6 Salmonella spp. 8 Listeria monocytogenes 9
Small bilateral renal cell carcinomas

A case of multicentric bilateral small renal cell carcinomas is presented. The two largest tumors were detected by computerized tomography (CT) and the diagnosis confirmed by ultrasound and fine needle biopsy.
Lower lip displacement during voluntary activation of individual labial muscles in man

Abstract Displacement was measured at the lower lip midline and the corner of the mouth during isolated voluntary activation of individual labial muscles. Three normal adult subjects were studied and the procedure was repeated three times for one subject Each subject. was trained with auditory and visual feedback to develop electromyographic activity in each muscle separately without activity in other labial muscles. It was possible to isolate mentalis in four of the five sessions and depressor labii inferior in three sessions; however, in no instance, were subjects able to isolate orbicularis oris inferior or depressor anguli oris. Activation of mentalis moved the midline of the lower lip superiorly and anteriorly, but depressor labii inferior moved it inferiorly and posteriorly.
The morphology of Idiocranium russeli (amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on miniaturization through heterochrony.

Idiocranium russeli is among the smallest species of caecili- ans. The morphology of the skull (e.g., small, widely spaced dermal elements, retention of cartilaginous remnants) and of the posterior vertebrae (incomplete development, retention of a postvertebral notochord) indicate that hetero- chrony, or change in timing of development, has resulted in the miniaturiza- tion of the species. The pattern is apparently a progenetic one, characterized by early offset of development (see Alberch et al., '79). Other unique features of osteology (e.g., extensive sphenethmoid development) correlate with the burrowing habit of the species and may have arisen to compensate for proge- netic effects. Several features of the myology, neurology, and visceral morphol- ogy are correlated with miniaturization as well. Reproductive maturity occurs at approximately 75 mm total length; gonads are proportionately small, but other aspects of reproductive morphology are typical of direct-developing caecilians.
Synthesis and structural analysis of copper(II) cysteine complexes

Abstract This report describes the synthesis and structural analysis of stable copper(II) cysteine complexes. Pale pink copper(II) cysteine complexes were synthesized in mole ratios of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6 of copper(II):cysteine in ethanol. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that copper(II) binding occurred via the thiol ligand of cysteine. XANES analysis showed that the oxidation state of copper remained as copper(II) and the local atomic geometry was similar in all of the cysteine complexes. The EXAFS data indicate that the copper(II) cysteine complexes are forming ring type structures with sulfur ligands from the cysteines acting as bridging ligands. X-ray diffraction revealed that the copper(II) cysteine complexes formed monoclinic cells with maximum crystallinity found in the 1:4 copper(II):cysteine complex.
Magnetite in ALH 84001: An origin by shock-induced thermal decomposition of iron carbonate

In martian orthopyroxenite ALH 84001, pockets of feldspathic glass frequently contain carbonate masses that have been disrupted and dispersed within feldspathic shock melt as a result of impact(s). Transmission electron microscope studies of carbonate fragments embedded within feldspathic glass show that the fragments contain myriad, nanometer-sized magnetite particles with cuboid, irregular, and teardrop morphologies, frequently associated with voids. The fragments of carbonate must have been incorporated into the melt at temperatures of ~900°C, well above the upper thermal stability of siderite (FeCO3), which decomposes to produce magnetite and CO2 below ~450°C. These observations suggest that most, if not all, of the fine-grained magnetite associated with Fe-bearing carbonate in ALH 84001 could have been formed as result of the thermal decomposition of the siderite (FeCO3) component of the carbonate and is not due to biological activity.
D1-Asp170 is structurally coupled to the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II as revealed by light-induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.

We report both mid-frequency (1800−1200 cm-1) and low-frequency (670−350 cm-1) S2/S1 FTIR difference spectra of photosystem II (PSII) particles isolated from wild-type* and D1-D170H mutant cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Both mid- and low-frequency S2/S1 spectra of the Synechocystis wild-type* PSII particles closely resemble those from spinach PSII samples, which confirms an earlier result by Noguchi and co-workers [Noguchi, T., Inoue, Y., and Tang, X.-S. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14705−14711] and indicates that the coordination environment of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in Synechocystis is very similar to that in spinach. We also found that there is no appreciable difference between the mid-frequency S2/S1 spectra of wild-type* and of D1-D170H mutant PSII particles, from which we conclude that D1-Asp170 does not undergo a significant structural change during the S1 to S2 transition. This result also suggests that, if D1-Asp170 ligates Mn, it does not ligate the Mn ion that is ...
Predicting the Effects of Stress on Performance

This paper examines a number of ways in which a recent model of stress and human performance may be operationalized to allow experimenters and practioners to assess and predict operator capability in stressful conditions. Particular focus is given to the limits of task capability, as the model emphasizes the task itself as the primary source of stress on the performer. The importance of a model with such predictive capability forms the premise of the work, while the assessment of the present status of this and other models of stress forms the summary.
A Spectral Climatology

Abstract Using 5 years of daily initialized height fields from the National Meteorological Center, expressed as coefficients of spherical harmonies, a climatology of the annual cycle has been formulated for the 1000, 700, 500 and 250 mb surfaces. The global analyses were first separated into separate Northern and Southern Hemisphere analyses, with a rhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 12. The daily values of each of the spectral coefficients were fit with the first four annual harmonics. Only those harmonics and Spectral coefficients were retained which explain a statistically significant amount of variance in time and space. The resulting mean height fields for both the Northern and the Southern hemispheres compare very favorably with established climatologies in spite of the limited length of the record on which they are based and the use of operational analyses. The statistical selection of spatial and temporal harmonies which contribute significantly to the annual mean and the annual cycle offers a un...
The geometry of craniofacial growth invariants

Abstract In the description of craniofacial growth it is crucial to identify constant geometric relations. The search leads to complex manipulations of coordinate data from cephalograms. In the regularities that he finds, the clinician must be aware of the difference between empirical contingency and geometric necessity. For instance, common procedures for identifying centers away from which growth proceeds radially (the “polar phenomenon”) ignore theorems about the indeterminacy of such centers. The scan for growth invariants in configurations of landmarks should be based on the method of tensor analysis. Any shape change may be summarized in terms of two directions in each triangle of landmarks. The directions are at 90 degrees in each triangle both before growth and after; one of them bears the greatest percent rate of change of length of all directions in the triangle, and the other bears the least. From a diagram of these axes one comes immediately to strict invariants of the shape change—specific angles and proportions along segments defined by relations between the triangle and the axes—linked to other specific angles and proportions which change most rapidly. It is simple to adapt this machinery so that it can deal with average shape changes in populations. Included here are two examples of the technique: (1) extracting the statistically most stable definition of “growth axis” (displacement of menton from cranial base) in children aged 6 to 14 years and (2) describing the shape change of the rat calvarium between the ages of 7 days and 150 days. Such descriptions should be the first step in designing any cephalometric analysis.
Intestinal glucose transport: evidence for a membrane traffic-based pathway in humans.

Abstract Background & Aims: The presence of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) molecules in the basolateral membrane of enterocytes has long been considered to be of major importance for intestinal glucose absorption. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the role of GLUT2 in a patient with congenital GLUT2 deficiency (Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, FBS). Methods: Oral mono- and disaccharide tolerance tests including gaschromatographic determination of breath hydrogen concentrations were performed in an FBS patient. For comparison, a patient with a microsomal carbohydrate transport defect, glucose-6-phosphate translocase 1 (G6PT1) deficiency, and a control individual were investigated. Results: No increase in breath hydrogen concentration was found in the GLUT2-deficient patient after a glucose load. In G6PT1 deficiency, basal hydrogen concentrations were repeatedly found to be elevated. Conclusions: From the fact that a GLUT2-deficient patient does not show any impairment of intestinal monosaccharide transport measurable by the hydrogen breath test, we conclude that mechanisms other than facilitative glucose transport by GLUT2 must be involved in the transport of monosaccharides at the basolateral membrane of enterocytes. When relating this observation to the high intestinal expression of human hexokinase, G6PT1, and glucose-6-phosphatase and to our results of oral carbohydrate tolerance tests in a G6PT1-deficient patient, there is evidence that a microsomal membrane traffic-based transport pathway, as recently suggested for GLUT2-deficient animals, also plays a major role in transcellular monosaccharide transport of the human intestine. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2003;124:34-39
Northern Naval Superiority and the Economics of the American Civil War

ADDRESSING AN ASPECT of the Civil War that has long been a source of controversy among historians, David G. Surdam offers an unconventional analysis of the Union's naval blockade. He questions common methods of evaluating the strength of the 3,500-mile siege line, disputes widely held interpretations of its impact, and explores previously unexamined aspects of the blockade as he presents a case for the effectiveness of the Union naval effort. Surdam seeks to explain the failure of the Confederacy to wage war and sustain independence despite an apparently sufficient supply of raw cotton to trade with Europe and Canada for war materiel and enough beef and corn to feed its troops. To do so he expands the traditional approach to the blockade, finding that a focus on the number of goods that slipped past Union ships overlooks two of the blockade's most important achievements: disrupting intraregional trade and denying the Confederacy badly needed revenue from the export of raw cotton and other staple products. Explicating the blockade's indirect yet devastating results, Surdam examines the degradation of railroad lines, collapse of specific internal markets, and effect on the exportation of cotton. He also explores how the blockade affected the cross-country movement of crops to hungry soldiers and civilians and how costs associated with the blockade consumed most of the higher prices that Europeans paid for Southern cotton.
Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly.

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a ‘Th2’ inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as ‘immunosenescence’. Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation that occurs in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.
The Effect of Medicaments on the Motility of the Oral Flora with Special Reference to the Treatment of Vincent's Infection. II

From the Department of Bacteriology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. A previous report (1) described an in vitro test of the antibacterial properties of medicaments intended for topical application to the oral mucosa. This method employs loss of motility of the motile oral flora and growth of the nonmotile flora as a basis of comparison. The method has been adequately described and the apparatus illustrated in previous publications (1, 7). The motility test has certain advantages over the Rideal-Walker and similar tests, for it more nearly approximates clinical conditions. 1. It employs the actual bacteria which the drug is to combat, although some of these organisms cannot be grown in artificial media. 2. Since fresh saliva is used, the pH of the oral cavity, the organic and inorganic content, enzymes, putrefaction and fermentation products, detritus and end products of bacterial activity are preserved. 3. The ratio of medicament to saliva is closer to actual working conditions. 4. Chemical reactions on surfaces have been found to differ from reactions in bulk (2). While the motility test does not duplicate oral surfaces, it does have an enormously greater proportionate surface than the test tube. 5. Speed of action, power of penetration of debris, any specificity or coagulation (which would reduce penetration) are easily observed. 6. Results have closely corresponded to clinical results. 7. Loss of motility has proved to be loss of pathogenicity (3, 4). This is a report on 27 additional medicaments which have been advocated, or may be useful, for the treatment of Vincent's infection.
History of shoulder instability and subsequent injury during four years of follow-up: a survival analysis.

Background: Little is known about the risk factors for glenohumeral joint instability. We hypothesized that a prior history of instability would be a significant risk factor for subsequent injury. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study over a four-year period within a high-risk group of young athletes to address the research hypothesis. Subjects were freshmen entering the U.S. Military Academy in June of 2006. Part of the baseline assessment included documenting a prior history of glenohumeral instability on entry into the study. All subjects were followed for subsequent glenohumeral joint instability events until graduation in May of 2010. The primary outcome of interest in this study was time to glenohumeral instability event during the follow-up period. We examined injury outcomes, looking for any instability, anterior instability, and posterior instability events. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the 714 subjects, eight shoulders were excluded from the analyses due to prior surgical stabilization, leaving 1420 shoulders, of which 126 had a self-reported prior history of instability. There were forty-six (thirty-nine anterior and seven posterior) acute instability events documented in the cohort during the follow-up period. Subjects with a prior history of instability were over five times (p < 0.001) more likely to sustain an acute (anterior or posterior) instability event during the follow-up period. Subjects with a history of instability were also 5.6 times (p < 0.001) more likely to experience a subsequent anterior instability event and 4.6 times (p = 0.068) more likely to experience a posterior instability event during follow-up. Similar results were observed in multivariable models after controlling for the influence of demographic and baseline physical examination findings. Conclusions: Despite meeting the rigorous physical induction standards for military service, subjects with a prior history of glenohumeral joint instability were approximately five times more likely to experience a subsequent instability event, regardless of direction, within this high-risk athletic population. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Opening windows on teaching and learning: transformative and emancipatory learning precipitated by experimenting with visual documentation of student learning

Emancipatory learning can occur through critical reflection grounded in theory. This study describes an action research project in which the author engaged in retrospective structured analysis of an incident involving visual documentation of student learning. It was experienced by a struggling novice teacher educator, who at the time of the incident had neither the theoretical nor structured framework from which to process the experience. Using the transformation theory of adult learning as the basis from which to create a reflection model, the action research examined assumptions about filters and meaning schemes through which insights emerged about a changed paradigm, with implications for other teacher educators about reflective practice.
Experimental investigation of hotspot removal using superlattice cooler

Thermal management of high performance microprocessors is becoming increasingly challenging due to the presence of hotspots. Temperature at the hotspot can be substantially greater than rest of the microprocessor, potentially compromising performance and reliability. In this paper, we have presented a hybrid cooling scheme which combines microfluidic and solidstate cooling techniques. Localized hotspot with heat flux close to 250 W/cm2 has been successfully removed using this hybrid scheme. The effect of ambient temperature, hotspot size, and superlattice cooler electrode location is also studied.
Methodological Review: Coreference resolution: A review of general methodologies and applications in the clinical domain

Coreference resolution is the task of determining linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity in natural language. Research on coreference resolution in the general English domain dates back to 1960s and 1970s. However, research on coreference resolution in the clinical free text has not seen major development. The recent US government initiatives that promote the use of electronic health records (EHRs) provide opportunities to mine patient notes as more and more health care institutions adopt EHR. Our goal was to review recent advances in general purpose coreference resolution to lay the foundation for methodologies in the clinical domain, facilitated by the availability of a shared lexical resource of gold standard coreference annotations, the Ontology Development and Information Extraction (ODIE) corpus.
How We Successfully Adapted Agile for a Research-Heavy Engineering Software Team

In our development team at Sandia National Laboratories we have honed our Scrum processes to where we continually deliver high-performance engineering analysis software to our customers. We deliver despite non-ideal circumstances, including development work that can be categorized as exploratory research, regular use of part-time developers, team size that varies widely among Sprints, highly specialized technical skill sets and a broad range of deliverables. We believe our methodologies can be applied to many research-oriented environments such as those found in government laboratories, academic institutions and corporate research facilities. Our goal is to increase the adoption of Lean/Agile project management in these environments by sharing our experiences with those research-oriented development teams who are considering using Lean/Agile, or have started and are encountering problems. In this paper we discuss how we create and prioritize our product backlog, write our user stories, calculate our capacity, plan our Sprints, report our results and communicate our progress to customers. By providing guidance and evidence of success in these areas we hope to overcome real and perceived obstacles that may limit the adoption of Lean/Agile techniques in research-oriented development environments.
Alternating opportunistic large arrays in broadcasting for network lifetime extension

We propose a protocol for broadcasting in wireless multihop networks that is based on a form of cooperative transmission called the opportunistic large array (OLA). An SNR ("transmission") threshold is used to define two mutually exclusive sets of OLAs, such that the union of the sets includes all the nodes in the network. The broadcast protocol then alternates between the sets for each broadcast and is called Alternating OLA with Transmission Threshold (A-OLA-T). Under A-OLAT, all participating nodes transmit with the same low power, therefore the energies of the nodes in the network drain efficiently and uniformly, extending the network life relative to broadcasts that use simple OLA or non-alternating OLAs with a transmission threshold. In this paper, we optimize the A-OLA-T protocol under the continuum assumption (very high node density).
Assessing the relational benefits of logistics services perceived by manufacturers in supply chain

Abstract The growing importance of logistics activities that span the boundaries of supply chain firms has put an emphasis on supply chain relationship management. Based on the existing marketing concept on relational benefits and the supply chain management literature on consumer satisfaction, this research evaluates logistics service performance from the eyes of manufacturers. Using data collected from US manufacturing firms, the study has identified the factors that influence manufacturer's satisfaction, as well as the key to understanding the benefits–satisfaction–loyalty triads in supply chain relationships. The contribution of the paper includes developing a conceptual model, adding new theoretical insights into benefits–satisfaction–loyalty triad that has been applied by manufacturers and LSPs, and providing some meaningful perspective on how to strategically assess the use of logistics providers so as to transform a logistics firm from a tactical service provider to a hand-in-glove strategic partner.
Identification of genes that confer sediment fitness to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20

Signature-tagged mutants of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 were screened, and 97 genes crucial for sediment fitness were identified. These genes belong to functional categories including signal transduction, binding and transport, insertion elements, and others. Mutants with mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis, hydrogenase activity, and DNA repair were further characterized.
Benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-grade gliomas

Abstract The current standard of care for patients with high-grade glioma is resection followed by radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is not widely accepted because of the low sensitivity of gliomas to traditional antineoplastic agents, the poor penetration of most drugs across the blood-brain barrier, and the significant systemic toxicity associated with current agents. However, nitrosoureas and, subsequently, temozolomide (Temodar [US], Temodal [international]; Schering-Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ), a novel alkylating agent, cross the blood-brain barrier and have activity against gliomas. Nitrosoureas have been studied in phase III trials in the adjuvant setting. In individual trials, chemotherapy did not increase median survival but did increase the proportion of patients surviving ≥18 months by 15%. Only with large meta-analyses did the addition of chemotherapy achieve a statistically significant improvement in median survival. Currently there is no means of identifying which patients will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, but nitrosoureas and temozolomide are well tolerated in most patients, justifying the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy to all newly diagnosed patients with malignant glioma.
Teaching an object-oriented software development lifecycle in undergraduate software engineering education

In order to develop students for successful careers in software engineering, specifically for software development, they must not only be immersed in the software development lifecycle and paradigms, but also in the workings of large project teams. Currently, most undergraduate software engineering courses are taught by presenting the concepts and methodologies and assigning fragmented 3-4 person group projects. In the Department of Computer Science at Georgetown University, a two-course approach to undergraduate software engineering education has been developed that incorporates the practical application of coursework in a large team setting. The first course presents a firm software design basis, while the second course demonstrates corporate-level software engineering concepts with a semester-long software development simulation where the entire class is the development team. This paper presents the experiences from offering this software engineering simulation approach.
JOHN'S DECOMPOSITIONS: SELECTING A LARGE PART

We extend the invertibility principle of J. Bourgain and L. Tzafriri to operators acting on arbitrary decompositionsid = ∑x j ⊕x j , rather than on the coordinate one. The John's decomposition brings this result to the local theory of Banach spaces. As a consequence, we get a new lemma of Dvoretzky-Rogers type, where the contact points of the unit ball with its maximal volume ellipsoid play a crucial role. We then apply these results to embeddings ofl ∞ into finite dimensional spaces.
EVALUATION OF ERRORS IN AUTOMATED PAVEMENT-DISTRESS DATA ACQUISITION

The extent of degradation and decay of transportation infrastructure has created new demands on maintenance management systems. This, in turn, has emphasized the need for accurate condition assessment data for use in infrastructure management. At the same time, technological advances in automated inspection systems provide the opportunity to automate the collection of surface condition data. The effect of the technology on accuracy has not been previously evaluated. This paper evaluates the data-acquisition component of two automated optical technologies and identifies the main sources of error. Simulated longitudinal and transverse cracks are used to illustrate the results. The simulations indicate that correction factors are important to compensate for errors due to resolution and coverage limitations. Therefore, on a crack-by-crack basis, most technologies will perform poorly. When cracks are uniformly distributed, equipment with high resolution but poor coverage provides more accurate estimates of cracking extent but has more variability than equipment with good coverage. Finally, the results indicate that the inherent variability in the location, width, and length of cracks may lead to significant error.
The Ilkhanid Qurʾan: An Example from Maragha

This essay examines a dispersed Qurʾan manuscript transcribed at Maragha by ʿAbdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Fadlallah ibn ʿAbd al-Hamid al-Qadi al-Qazwini between Shawwal 738 and Shawwal 739 (April 1338–April 1339). It takes the codex as an exemplar to show first how scriptoria in the Ilkhanid period codified features such as paper size, page format, calligraphic style, and multi-color illumination to rapidly produce so many of these sublime works of art. It then uses the manuscript’s codicology to investigate broader questions such as who commissioned these Qurʾan manuscripts, who were the calligraphers and illuminators that produced them, how were these manuscripts used, how was the court style formulated at the turn of the century under Yaqut al-Mustaʿsimi and his followers disseminated to provincial cities such as Maragha in northwest Iran, and how did these manuscripts in turn serve as models for others made a century later for the Timurids who willfully copied Ilkhanid styles to promote their dynastic legitimacy.
Comparison of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score by Histologic Types of Breast Carcinoma.

Context.— Oncotype DX (ODX) is a widely used commercial assay that estimates the risk of distant recurrence and may predict the benefit of chemotherapy in a subset of breast cancers. Some studies have shown the ability to predict Oncotype DX recurrence score (ODXRS), based on routinely reported pathologic features; however, there are limited data correlating specific histologic type of breast cancer to ODXRS. Objective.— To compare ODXRS to specific histologic types of breast cancer. Design.— One hundred eighty-four cases were sent for ODXRS testing and the results were compared with histologic type and grade. Results.— The highest average ODXRS was seen in invasive ductal carcinoma with micropapillary features (29) followed by invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (mean = 19.4, SD = 11.6), invasive mucinous carcinoma (mean = 17.2, SD = 5.9), invasive lobular carcinoma (mean = 15.7, SD = 7.2), mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma (mean = 14.1, SD = 7.7), tubular carcinoma (10.0), and mixed ducta...
Sense of Community in a University Setting

The term sense of community (SOC) is used liberally in both the popular press and psychology, sociology, and management literatures to characterize a variety of social settings, including families, neighborhoods, schools, organizations, cities and rural areas, businesses and industries. Various instruments have been developed to measure sense of community in a variety of settings, and it has been documented among adults, adolescents, and pre-adolescents. It is apparent from these references that the authors judge sense of community as something to be desired, something for which to strive. It seems as if everyone knows what sense of community is, and most everyone seems to want it.
Dynamic Computed Tomography of the Brain: Techniques, Data Analysis, and Applications

Rapid sequence computed tomography (CT) scanning has many potential applications in studying intracranial physiologic events. However, visual inspection of these rapid sequence scans fails to extract the large amount of information inherent in the digital data. The concept of corrected mean transit time applied to rapid sequence scans after intravenous bolus injection of contrast material provides quantitative data on relative hemispheric flow. Use of histogram-based areas of interest permits accurate and reproducible identification of anatomic structures including arteries and gray and white matter. Gamma variate curve fit techniques reduce statistical noise. The concept of transit time can be expanded to the creation of functional CT images.
A Theological Ethic for Renewing Church-Labor Alliance

The contemporary American labor movement is in a state of crisis. Not only is the membership base at a low-point, but a host of negative factors and obstacles to growth present enormous challenges for its future viability. In the past, organized labor has been most effective when there was a strong alliance with the Catholic community. Since the middle of the twentieth century, however, this association has weakened, and in some cases has turned to opposition. The premise of this article is that a renewed church-labor alliance could provide needed assistance to reinvigorate the labor movement while also advancing the social concerns of the Catholic Church in this nation.
Simpson's Rule with Constant Weights

Roger Pinkham (rpinkham@stevens-tech.edu) writes "I was born on the coast of Maine of seafaring people. My father rowed a mile to the mainland and walked a further mile to high school. Thus education was a valued family treasure. From a child, working plane geometry problems on the sole of the family boat, until now, I have been blessed with a passion for mathematics which continues to fill me with delight. I have had the joy of a Ph.D. in mathematics from Harvard, a post doc at Princeton in statistics under John Tukey, and enumerable consulting jobs in industry puzzling over other peoples' problems."
The Effect of the Australian Ballot Reform on Split Ticket Voting: 1876–1908*

In the last two decades of political science, there has been considerable interest in the determinants of electoral behavior. Theories have been developed and tested on the sociological, psychological, and political antecedents of the vote. Virtually neglected in this search for determinants have been the institutional or structural properties of the electoral system itself. With a few notable exceptions, such factors as electoral qualification requirements, registration laws, and ballot and voting systems have not generated much research enthusiasm. These institutional properties, however, provide the framework within which the effects of other independent variables must be judged. This applies to all basic electoral research—whether time specific or longitudinal—but especially to the latter. Too often longitudinal research tries to trace the causes of changing voting patterns without taking into account the institutional framework. A pointed example of this is Walter Dean Burnham's recent description of this country's “changing political universe” around the turn of the century—a change which he ascribed to a breakdown in party competition and consequent voter alienation, but which undoubtedly could be partially, if not largely, explained by reference to the many institutional changes in voting rules which occurred during this period. The effects of institutional properties must be sorted out if the researcher is to establish reliable baselines against which to measure the effects of other variables. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of one such institutional property of the electoral system—the Australian Ballot reform—on the changing split ticket voting patterns of the American electorate in the 1876–1908 time period.