cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motor and sensory centers for the innervation of mandibular and sublingual salivary glands: A horseradish peroxidase study in the dog

Abstract Horseradish peroxidase was injected at multiple sites in the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in order to label the preganglionic salivatory neurons in the brain stem. The same injections resulted in retrograde labeling of the sympathetic and sensory neurons that project to these glands. Labeled fusiform and multipolar salivatory neurons were found ipsilaterally in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla where they extended over the rostral four-fifths of the facial nucleus and the caudal one-third of the dorsal nucleus of the trapezoid body. The vast majority of the small and medium-sized, labeled neurons appeared in the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis. Labeled neurons also appeared occasionally at the ventral and lateral aspects of the facial nucleus. Enzyme injections into these glands labeled sympathetic neurons that were concentrated in the caudal one-third of the ipsilateral cranial cervical ganglion. Labeled sensory neurons were distributed randomly in the ipsilateral proximal vagal and geniculate ganglia. Large numbers of sensory neurons were concentrated ventromedially within the mandibular zone of the trigeminal ganglion.
Changes in lymphocyte and macrophage subsets due to morphine and ethanol treatment during a retrovirus infection causing murine aids

Abstract Infection by LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) suppressed significantly the percentage of peripheral blood cells showing surface markers for macrophages, lymphocytes and activated lymphoid cells. Chronic administration of a 7% (36% calories) ethanol diet or injection of 1.9 mg/mouse/day of morphine for a 7 day period were followed by 3 week periods of abstinence and then 1 week periods of consumption of 5% ethanol diets or morphine injection to female C57BL/6 mice resulted in changes in the numbers of macrophages and lymphocyte subsets. The number of lymphocytes of various subsets were not significantly changed by the ethanol exposure except those showing activation markers which were reduced. The percentage of peripheral blood cells showing markers for macrophage functions and their activation were significantly reduced after “binge” use of ethanol. Ethanol retarded suppression of cells by retroviral infection. However by 25 weeks of infection there was a 8.6% survival in the ethanol fed mice infected with retrovirus which was much less than virally infected controls (45.0%). Morphine treatment also increased the percentage of cells with markers for macrophages and activated macrophages in virally infected mice, while suppressing them in uninfected mice. The second and third morphine injection series suppressed lymphocyte T-helper and T-suppressor cells, but not total T cells. However, suppression by morphine was significantly less during retroviral disease than suppression caused by the virus only. At 25 weeks of infection 44.8% of morphine treated, infected mice survived. Morphine treatment also caused deaths such that the survival in morphine treated, retrovirally infected was higher than would have been expected if the death rate in virally infected, and morphine injected animals were combined during combined treatment. Thus these drugs of abuse can modulate peripheral blood lymphoid subsets, suppression caused by retroviral infection, and survival.
A self-equalization band pass filter involving complex transmission zeros and its equivalent circuit in the Foster type circuit

This paper proposes a design method for a bandpass filter with characteristics close to ideal ones in which the amplitude and group delays are simultaneously flat in the passband and selectivity is assured in the stopband by means of an attenuation pole. In the present approach, first a method of designing the network function of a low pass prototype is proposed in which the group delay and the amplitude can be made flat at the same time over the same bandwidth by means of self-equalizationThis refers to equalization carried out by the design of only the network function without an external equalizer. using complex transmission zeros. It is shown that a circuit network with this characteristic can be synthesized by a Foster type circuit. Further, it is shown that degradation of the group delay, which is unavoidable in conventional methods, can now be suppressed if frequency transformation is carried out directly to the individual circuit elements in the Foster type circuit. By means of this frequency transformation, a Foster type equivalent circuit is derived for a bandpass filter which faithfully performs frequency shifting of the characteristic of the low pass prototype. As a design example, a bandpass filter is presented in which a ninth-order Bessel filter is self-equalized by a set of complex transmission zeros and a set of transmission zeros on the imaginary axis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 54–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20086
An Association of Lower Serum Citrulline Levels Within 30 Days of Acute Rejection in Patients Following Small Intestine Transplantation

Abstract Introduction In a prospective protocol we studied whether serum citrulline level within 30 days of an acute rejection was predictive of the episode. Methods An acute rejection episode was defined as the date of occurrence of any biopsy-proven rejection in which treatment was initiated until two successive biopsies showed no further rejection. We compared the mean citrulline level based on values determined within 30 days of the start of an acute rejection episode with the mean citrulline level measured on the same patient during a rejection-free period. Serum citrulline measurements were available immediately prior to the occurrence of rejection for 22 patients who experienced 37 episodes. Results For the 12 episodes of mild rejection, the mean serum citrulline level ± SE (standard error) was 15.0 + 2.3 umol/L prior to rejection and 18.8 ± 2.4 umol/L during the rejection-free periods. A paired t test of the mean differences was not significant (P = 17). For the 25 episodes of moderate or severe rejection, the mean serum citrulline level was 12.4 ± 1.1 umol/L before rejection and 18.8 ± 2.0 umol/L during the rejection-free periods. A paired t test of the mean difference was statistically significant (P = .002). Conclusions Although further study of citrulline as a marker for the early detection of acute rejection episodes is needed, our hope is that its use will help to prevent some of these early episodes from evolving into full-blown moderate or severe grades of rejection.
Regulatory focus as a determinant of brand value

Purpose – This research aims to investigate the relationship between consumer regulatory focus and brand value.Design/methodology/approach – Three studies were conducted using both student subject pools and a broader sample from the US population. The relative chronic promotion or prevention orientation of each participant was measured, as was response to brand and pricing stimuli.Findings – Promotion‐oriented individuals are more sensitive to differences in established brands than prevention‐oriented individuals (studies 1 and 2), and promotion‐oriented individuals have a greater preference for new brands than prevention‐oriented individuals (study 2). Also, an individual's degree of chronic promotion orientation is an important driver of this relationship (study 3).Research limitations/implications – Brand quality is considered as a general concept rather than a multidimensional construct. Although brand is a largely affective and emotional product attribute, brand trust is a dimension of quality that h...
Measurement of total alkalinity of surface waters using a continuous flowing spectrophotometric technique

Abstract Methodology and instrumentation are described which were used for continuous measurement of total alkalinity (TA) in surface seawater during a Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) cruise in the Indian Ocean. The procedure involves a single step acid addition of HCl to a known volume of seawater with rapid spectrophotometric measurement of pH (3 to 4) and calculation of the TA after stripping out the CO 2 . The flowing total alkalinity system (FLTA) consists of a calibrated volumetric pipette (∼100 cm 3 ), a thermostated mixing cell (∼200 cm 3 ), a computerized piston titrator, a platinum thermometer, and a Hewlett Packard diode array spectrophotometer with a flowing spectrophotometric cell as the detector. All the electronic components have interfaces which are easily connected to a personal computer and manipulated using a Quick Basic program. The FLTA system makes continuous measurements of TA from the shipboard flowing seawater line. Laboratory results ( N =127) on Gulf Stream seawater (GSSW) have shown a precision within ±2–3 μ mol kg −1 in TA. Certified reference materials (CRMs) measured at sea ( N =14) gave precise total alkalinities to ±2.2 μ mol kg −1 . Intercomparison of the total alkalinity of underway surface samples ( N =16) obtained in the Indian Ocean using potentiometric and spectrophotometric titration systems gives average differences of ±3 μ mol kg −1 in TA. The agreement between the two methods is very good considering the temporal and spatial differences in the sampling. The continuous measurement of TA using the FLTA system may reflect small variations of TA in the surface waters of the oceans which would not be visible when measuring TA in samples taken from CTD casts at individual stations. These data can also be combined with flowing pH or p CO 2 data to fully characterize the carbonate system in surface waters.
Contacting Guest Speakers

(2012). Contacting Guest Speakers. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 83, No. 6, pp. 51-53.
A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of the anticancer drug, 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin☆

A method was developed for determining the enantiomeric purity of 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin (9-A-20(S)-CAM). The chiral derivatizing reagent, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate (NEI) was used to derivatize the enantiomers of 9-A-CAM, and 1H-NMR, LC-MS, and LC-UV were used to identify and quantitate the two diastereomers produced. During the first 24 h, derivatization was exclusively at the 9-amino nitrogen. The much slower reaction involving reaction of NEI with the 20-hydroxy oxygen could be prevented by quenching the reaction within the first 24 h with methanol. NMR analysis provided useful information about the site of derivatization; however, the partial separation of the signals was insufficient for quantitative analysis of the two diastereomers. Whereas baseline resolution of the two diastereomers was achieved by reversed-phase LC, the reproducibilities of the resolution and the peak area ratios were dependent on the nature and composition of the mobile phase, the flow rate, the column temperature, sample concentration and sample preparation.
DNA-Linked Metal Nanosphere Materials: Structural Basis for the Optical Properties

The structural basis for the aggregation-induced optical properties of colloidal gold nanosphere aggregates is examined by means of electrodynamics calculations. Recently developed methods for calculating the electrodynamic response of aggregates composed of large numbers of small metal nanospheres in a dielectric medium are used to determine the optical changes associated with the formation of spherical aggregates. The calculations use accurate nanoparticle polarizabilities determined from Mie theory, an iterative conjugate-gradient solution algorithm, and fast-Fourier transform methods for efficient solution of the electrodynamic interacting nanoparticle equations. The UV extinction lowering and the shifting and broadening of the visible plasmon peak observed experimentally in solutions of DNA-linked gold nanospheres are explained as the collective electromagnetic response of thousands of nanoparticles.
Absorption and adsorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants to diesel and hexane soot.

Soot particles vary in pore structure, surface properties, and content of authigenic (native) extractable organic chemicals. To better understand the effects of these properties on sorption, aqueous sorption isotherms for 14C-labeled phenanthrene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were obtained for four soots of varying properties: two diesel reference soots, a hexane soot, and an ozonated hexane soot. Substantial isotherm nonlinearity was observed. In comparison to diesel soot SRM 2975, diesel soot SRM 1650b had a much higher content of extractable authigenic organic chemicals, showed less sorption of 14C-labeled sorbate at low relative concentrations (Ce/Sw), and showed higher sorption at high Ce/Sw. In comparison to normal hexane soot, the ozonated hexane soot had a higher surface O/C ratio and showed substantially less sorption at all concentrations studied. The sorption differences were attributed to the noted differences in properties, and results were interpreted through a dual-mode sorption model that in...
The slow motion of a sphere through a viscous fluid towards a plane surface

Abstract Bipolar co-ordinates are employed to obtain “exact” solutions of the equations of slow, viscous flow for the steady motion of a solid sphere towards or away from a plane surface of infinite extent. Two cases are considered: (i) the plane surface is rigid and fluid adheres to its surface; (ii) the plane is a free surface on which the tangential stresses vanish. Deformation of the surface in the latter case is neglected. Numerical results are provided for the corrections to Stokes' law necessitated by the presence of the plane boundary at a finite distance from the particle. Application of the results to end-effect correlations in the falling-ball viscometer are discussed.
Self-Reported and Observed Punitive Parenting Prospectively Predicts Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Six-Year-Old Children

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential (ERP) occurring approximately 50 ms after error commission at fronto-central electrode sites and is thought to reflect the activation of a generic error monitoring system. Several studies have reported an increased ERN in clinically anxious children, and suggest that anxious children are more sensitive to error commission—although the mechanisms underlying this association are not clear. We have previously found that punishing errors results in a larger ERN, an effect that persists after punishment ends. It is possible that learning-related experiences that impact sensitivity to errors may lead to an increased ERN. In particular, punitive parenting might sensitize children to errors and increase their ERN. We tested this possibility in the current study by prospectively examining the relationship between parenting style during early childhood and children’s ERN approximately 3 years later. Initially, 295 parents and children (approximately 3 years old) participated in a structured observational measure of parenting behavior, and parents completed a self-report measure of parenting style. At a follow-up assessment approximately 3 years later, the ERN was elicited during a Go/No-Go task, and diagnostic interviews were completed with parents to assess child psychopathology. Results suggested that both observational measures of hostile parenting and self-report measures of authoritarian parenting style uniquely predicted a larger ERN in children 3 years later. We previously reported that children in this sample with anxiety disorders were characterized by an increased ERN. A mediation analysis indicated that ERN magnitude mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and child anxiety disorder. Results suggest that parenting may shape children’s error processing through environmental conditioning and thereby risk for anxiety, although future work is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
An analysis of the social unit of participation and the perceived psychological outcomes associated with most enjoyable recreation activities

Abstract Two research questions were addressed by this study: (1) to determine the predominant social units in which individuals participate in their two most enjoyable recreation activities, and (2) to determine if a relationship exists between the social units with which individuals participate in their two most enjoyable activities and the reasons for participating in these activities. Outdoor activities predominated as individuals’ two most enjoyable activities with a marked predominance of participation in the family/friends social group. Two discriminant analyses revealed a strong relationship between social units of participation and reasons for participation. The reasons of family togetherness, relation with nature, being with people, escaping the family, escaping physical pressure, and meeting new people were the primary discriminating variables in pre‐dicting the social unit of participation. However, these reasons were not, in general, viewed as primary reasons for engaging in one's most enjoya...
Counselling and compliance

Abstract Treatment compliance is an area of expanding scope. Health-care providers from a variety of disciplines are becoming involved in strategies to improve patient comprehension and to secure sustained compliance. This paper discusses both theoretical and pratical aspects of the problem of compliance.
Simultaneous selection for yield and stability in crop performance trials: consequences for growers

Utilization of genotype x environment (GE) interaction encountered in crop performance trials is an important issue among plant breeders and agronomists. Practical integration of yield and stability of performance has not been achieved. The purposes of this paper are (i) to examine consequences to growers when researchers commit Type I (rejecting the null hypothesis or H 0 when it is true) and Type II (accepting the H 0 when it is false) errors under a yield-based, conventional selection method (CM) and a proposed method (yield-stability statistic or YS i ) that uses GE interaction, and (ii) to show why a greater emphasis on the stability component would be advantageous to growers [...]
Tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme of urogenital and integumental origin.

Trypsin-separated epithelia and mesenchyme were prepared from the following urogenital and integumental tissues of embryonic mice: seminal vesicle, urogenital sinus, preputial gland, and back, snout, and plantar surface foot plate skin. These components were rejoined in control (homotypic) and experimental (heterotypic) recombinants and were subsequently grown for one to three weeks as intraocular grafts to adult male hosts. Grafts of intact rudiments provided additional control data. In heterotypic recombinants composed of urogenital epithelia (urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle) and integumental mesenchyme (back, snout, or plantar), the epithelium responded as if androgens were absent, i.e., urogenital sinus epithelium formed a keratinized structure, while seminal vesicle epithelium developed into a small tubule of columnar epithelium. On the other hand, plastic integumental epithelia (snout or plantar) was transformed by urogenital mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle into a glandular epithelium characteristic of the mesenchymal source. Similarly, the normally glandular preputial gland epithelium could be induced to form keratinized, hair-bearing skin by back and snout skin dermis, and although preputial gland mesenchyme did not manifest inductive properties when associated with integumental mesenchyme, it was able to participate in typical skin differentiation. These data demonstrate (1) the importance of the mesenchyme in mediating epithelial response to androgens, (2) the stability of urogenital epithelia, (3) the plasticity of integumental epithelia, and (4) the inductive properties of urogenital and integumental mesenchyme.
Reversible sodium pump defect and swelling in the diabetic rat erythrocyte: effects on filterability and implications for microangiopathy.

Abstract We have found a defect in the ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase (Na+ pump, EC 3.6.1.37) of erythrocytes from streptozocin diabetic rats. This defect was accompanied by an increase in cell volume and osmotic fragility and a decrease in the cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio. There was also a doubling in the time needed for diabetic erythrocytes to pass through 4.7-micron channels in a polycarbonate filter. Our data are consistent with a primary defect in the erythrocyte Na+ pump and secondary changes in cell volume, osmotic fragility, K+/Na+ ratio, and cell filterability. All were reversed or prevented in vivo by insulin or the aldose reductase inhibitor Sorbinil. Protein kinase C agonists (phorbol ester and diacylglycerol) and agonist precursor (myoinositol) reversed the Na+ pump lesion, suggesting that protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of the 100-kDa subunit regulates Na+ pump activity and that insulin can influence erythrocyte protein kinase C activity. Ouabain inhibition of the erythrocyte Na+ pump also produced increases in cell size and reductions in rates of filtration. Theoretical treatment of the volume changes also predicts reduction in filterability as a consequence of cell swelling. We suggest that enlarged erythrocytes could play a role in the evolution of the microvascular changes of diabetes mellitus.
Installation and Testing of a Hospital Based Cyclotron for Radiation Therapy and Isotope Production

A hosptial based cyclotron is under installation at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital in Houston. This machine will be used for the production of radioactive isotopes and for the generation of neutrons for the radiotherapy treatment of cancer. It is a Cyclotron Corporation CP-42 negative proton accelerator. For neutron production the protons are transported through an isocentrically mounted beam transport system that can be rotated around the patient. The shielding requirements of this facility will be described as will the initial measurements on the characteristics of the neutron beam.
Tchebycheff systems and extremal problems for generalized moments: a brief survey

A brief presentation of basics of the theory of Tchebycheff and Markov systems of functions and its applications to extremal problems for integrals of such functions is given. The results, as well as all the necessary definitions, are stated in most common terms. This work is motivated by specific applications in probability and statistics. A few related questions are also briefly discussed, including the one on the existence of a Tcheby- cheff system on a given topological space. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 26D15 49K30, 49K27, 52A40; secondary 49K35, 52A20, 52A41, 60E15, 41A50, 41A52, 26A48, 26B25, 46N10, 46N30, 90C05, 90C25, 90C26, 90C47, 90C48.
Mean velocity measurements within a Penn State left ventricular assist device

A laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) was used to measure two components of the mean velocity vectors at over 125 locations within a 70-cm/sup 3/ plexiglas model of the Penn State left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The model ventricle was filled with a blood analog fluid and operated at normal physiological conditions. The probe volume was positioned at the strategically selected locations along the inlet and outlet ports of the chamber and within the central volume of the pump. Mean velocities were determined at eight different times during the pump cycle averaging 250 realizations of each velocity component at the cycle times of interest. The results indicate characteristics flow patterns within the LVAD and areas which predominantly experience stasis or high velocities during the pump cycle. >
Expansion of the Midwestern Focus for Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis into the Region Surrounding La Crosse, Wisconsin

ABSTRACT Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), shares the same enzootic life cycle as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Although La Crosse, WI, is a well-recognized Lyme disease focus with an abundance of Ixodes scapularis vector ticks and the first documentation of HGA occurred in patients from northwestern Wisconsin, local transmission of A. phagocytophilum has not to date been documented. In this study, we evaluated DNA extracted from 201 ticks captured locally by a real-time PCR that targeted a unique region within msp2, and 24 samples (12%) yielded positive results. The PCR also detected A. phagocytophilum DNA in blood samples obtained from 53 patients with clinical abnormalities consistent with HGA, and sequencing confirmed that the DNA was recovered from the Ap-ha variant of A. phagocytophilum, associated exclusively with human infection. The findings therefore confirmed that the upper Midwestern focus for HGA endemicity now includes the regions immediately surrounding La Crosse, WI. The results also validated the utility of the real-time msp2 PCR test for confirming acute HGA in the clinical setting.
The FDA and the IND/NDA Statistical Review Process

AbstractIn this paper, the history, structure and role of the FDA pertinent to the IND/NDA Statistical Review Process will be presented. Specifically, the following topics will be briefly addressed• THE FDA: WHY?• THE FDA TODAY• THE DIVISION OF BIOMETRICS• THE IND/NDA REVIEW• THE STATISTICAL REVIEW PROCESS• THE INSTITUTIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW PROCESS (PEER REVIEW)• COMPUTER-ASSISTED NDA REVIEW (CANDAR)• CONCLUSION
Triage of Cytologic Direct Smears for Ancillary Studies: A Case-Based Illustration and Review

In patients with advanced-stage cancer, small biopsies including fine-needle aspirates may be the only opportunity to obtain diagnostic tissue. In the current era of precision medicine, there is an increasing emphasis on the performance of ancillary molecular tests that can provide insights into prognosis and targeted chemotherapeutic options for patient management. Cytopathologists must meet this challenge by accurately diagnosing these fine-needle aspirates and ensuring that adequate material has been obtained for anticipated molecular studies. Herein, we describe a case of a fine-needle aspiration illustrating these principles, especially focusing on the utilization of direct smears for ancillary studies.
Potential future treatment strategies for retinal vein occlusion

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of retinal venous occlusive disease is limited and the number of proven therapies is even more so. As a result, there is a growing number of unproven treatment strategies. The majority of these unproven treatments attempt to reduce the macular edema, which is a consequence of the vein occlusion, but few attempt to improve the underlying retinal venous outflow, retinal perfusion and oxygenation. A more thorough knowledge of the natural history is needed to better determine any actual therapeutic benefit of these current treatments. A greater knowledge of the molecular and hemodynamic pathophysiology is also required to allow the development of future treatment strategies. In this article, pharmacological and surgical treatment strategies are reviewed, as well as selected ongoing clinical trials for retinal venous occlusions.
Fast solution of scattering from periodic randomly rough infinite surfaces

Scattering of a plane wave from a periodic randomly rough dielectric surface with an electrically large period is considered. A novel approach is used to find convergent forms of otherwise non-convergent series. Even though the problem being considered is of an infinite extent, the solution is fast and requires minimal storage. In addition, this method can solve surface roughnesses of the order of a wavelength and more.
Regulation of 1lβ-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Enzymatic Modulation of Glucocorticoid Action*

The regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) was studied in cultured human skin fibroblasts. 11-Oxo-reductase activity was 5- to 10-fold higher than 11β-dehydrogenase activity. Cells treated with 100 nm dexamethasone (Dex) showed a 3-fold increase in the maximum velocity of both activities without a change in the Km values. Dex induction of 11βHSD was half-maximal at 48 h and was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Nonglucocorticoid steroids were ineffective. Removal of serum from the culture medium increased maximum velocity values up to 6-fold. Treatment of cells grown in the absence of serum with 8-bromo-cAMP, phorbol esters, or insulin decreased both 11βHSD activities. The effects of Dex treatment and serum removal were additive and were blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin-d. In all experiments both 11βHSD activities were modulated in parallel. Both cortisone (200 nm) and cortisol increased the aromatase activity of fibroblasts in the presence of serum. Prior induction ...
Vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm complicating posterior C1-2 transarticular screw fixation: case report.

BACKGROUND Vertebral artery injury during posterior C1-2 transarticular screw fixation occurs in approximately 3% of patients and may remain asymptomatic or result in arteriovenous fistulae, occlusion, narrowing, or dissection of the vertebral artery, and lead to transient ischemic attacks, stroke, or death. CASE DESCRIPTION This is the first report of a pseudoaneurysm resulting from damage to the vertebral artery during the procedure. This 31-year-old male underwent posterior C1-2 transarticular screw fixation for unstable os odontoideum. Injury to the left vertebral artery occurred while the hole for the left screw was being drilled. Temporary control of bleeding with local pressure was followed by immediate postoperative angiography that revealed a left vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm. Although the patient remained asymptomatic, therapeutic anticoagulation was instituted 6 hours postoperatively. Increasing size of the pseudoaneurysm was noted on routine follow-up angiography 4 weeks later. Endovascular occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm and left vertebral artery, with preservation of vertebrobasilar flow through the right vertebral artery, was accomplished without neurological consequence. CONCLUSIONS Vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm complicating posterior C1-2 transarticular screw fixation may be effectively treated with endovascular approaches.
Time‐domain electromagnetic survey for gold exploration, Nevada

A time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) sounding survey was carried out on the western basin-range boundary of Smith Creek Valley, Nevada. The survey achieved its goal of mapping depth to volcanic basement along five traverses that crossed the boundary. In addition to mapping the electrical basement, the TDEM survey outlined significant cross faulting within the alluvium. Seventy five soundings were made over a five day period using a Geonics EM37 system that shows the usefulness and effectiveness of the TDEM technique to determine depth to electrical basement under heterogeneous range-front alluvium.
Localization of the start sites of lagging-strand replication of rolling-circle plasmids from gram-positive bacteria.

Summary A number of small, multicopy plasmids from Gram-positive bacteria replicate by an asymmetric rolling-circle mechanism. Previous studies with several of these plasmids have identified a palindromic sequence, SSOA, that acts as the single-strand origin (SSO) for the replication of the lagging-strand DNA. Although not all the SSOA sequences share ONA sequence homology, they are structurally very similar. We have used an in vitro system to study the lagging-strand replication of several plasmids from Gram-positive bacteria using the SSOA sequences of pT181, pE194 and pSN2 as representative of three different groups of Staphylococcus aureus plasmids. In addition, we have investigated the lagging-strand replication of the pUB110 plasmid that contains an alternative single-strand origin, ssou. Our results confirm that RNA polymerase is involved in lagging-strand synthesis from both SSOA and ssou-type lagging-strand origins. Interestingly, while initiation of lagging-strand DNA synthesis of pUB110 occurred predominantly at a single position within ssou, replication of pT181, pSN2 and pE194 plasmids initiated at multiple positions from SSOA.
D-Lactate and Metabolic Bone Disease in Patients Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition

D-lactate accumulates in some patients with malabsorption who continue oral intake of carbohydrate leading to a clinical syndrome of acidosis and encephalopathy. To assess the possibility that D-lactate contributes to acidosis and/ or metabolic bone disease in patients with malabsorption receiving long-term parenteral nutrition yet maintaining oral intake, D-lactate levels in serum and urine were measured in 14 long-term parenteral nutrition subjects (average duration of support 74 months) and 27 control subjects. Significant elevations in both serum and urine D-lactate were found in only two parenteral nutrition subjects. Both subjects with elevated D-lactate levels had bone pain, x-ray evidence of fractures, and biopsy evidence of osteomalacia. These studies suggest that D-lactate accumulation may be a heretofore unappreciated metabolic abnormality associated with metabolic bone disease and acidosis in patients with malabsorption who are supported by long-term parenteral nutrition. ( Journal of Parenter...
Nickel, Platinum and Zirconium Germanosilicide Contacts to Ultra-shallow, P + N Junctions Formed by Selective SiGe Technology for CMOS Technology Nodes Beyond 70nm

Selective SiGe source/drain technology based on selective deposition of in-situ doped SiGe alloys in recessed source/drain regions can provide junctions with low sheet and contact resistance as well as abrupt doping profiles. This paper examines properties of Ni, Pt and Zr germanosilicides on heavily boron doped SiGe junctions. Our results show that all three metals can form low resistivity germanosilicides on heavily boron doped SiGe alloys. The stability of Ni germanosilicide was found to be limited to about 400°C on undoped SiGe. On heavily boron doped SiGe thermal stability was found to be significantly better possibly due to boron strain compensation. Our findings indicate that on undoped SiGe, thermal stability of Ni germanosilicide could be much enhanced by using a thin Pt interlayer. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, with increasing formation temperature, both Ni and Pt germanosilicides moved toward Ni and Pt monosilicides with signs of excess Ge appearing outside the contact. Analysis of the Pt germanosilicide layers is suggestive of a Ge rich SiGe layer under the germanosilicide. Boron diffusion into Pt and Ni germanosilicides was not observed. On the other hand, a distinct boron peak was observed in Zr germanosilicide suggestive of a stable Zr-B compound. Ultra-shallow junctions with excellent reverse bias behavior were formed using both Ni and Zr germanosilicides.
Coercive Threats and Reputation-Building in International Crises

When do states defend their reputations? States sometimes pay heavy costs to protect their reputations, but other times willingly take actions that could tarnish them. What accounts for the difference? This paper investigates the sources of reputation-building behavior in the context of coercive diplomacy. It argues that states are more likely to resist aggressors that pose a high risk of initiating further challenges. Specifically, states confronting adversaries which are geographically close, have a history of aggression, or possess the ability to project power -- all risk factors for future challenges -- are more likely to invest in their reputations by resisting coercive threats. Using a dataset of more than 200 coercive threats, empirical tests find support for this logic. The results shed new light on the causes of reputation-building behavior and add an important element to our understanding of coercion in international politics.
Feasibility demonstration of a variable frequency driver-microwave transient regression rate measurement system

The feasibility of a system capable of rapidly and directly measuring the low-frequency (motor characteristics length bulk mode) combustion response characteristics of solid propellants has been investigated. The system consists of a variable frequency oscillatory driver device coupled with an improved version of the JPL microwave propellant regression rate measurement system. The ratio of the normalized regression rate and pressure amplitudes and their relative phase are measured as a function of varying pressure level and frequency. Test results with a well-characterized PBAN-AP propellant formulation were found to compare favorably with the results of more conventional stability measurement techniques.
Type Studies in the Hydnaceae—V. the Genus Hydnellum

(1913). Type Studies in the Hydnaceae—V. the Genus Hydnellum. Mycologia: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 194-205.
Turning Motion of Individual Midges, Anarete pritchardi, in Swarms

Behavior patterns of forward motion and turns of male and female midges, Anarete pritchardi Kim in swarms of different sizes was analyzed. The mean speed of a pass, the path between turns, is higher in males than in females. The speed of males was not influenced by size of swarm, but that of females was reduced in swarms of larger size. Turns were of varied sharpness. Turns of 90–120° and 150–180° were more frequent than those of 60–90° and 120–150°. This bimodal distribution was shown in both sexes and various swarm sizes, and was independent of the orientation of midges in relation to the sun, the location of midges over the marker, and the position of midges in the swarm.
Russian Political Culture

Russia is a land of contradictions. It is a modern superpower, capable of challenging the military might of the United States. Yet, it is also a country in which citizens routinely stand in long lines to buy milk, meat, and potatoes, and where items such as fresh fruit, toilet paper, and typewriters are in chronic short supply. Soviet youth today wear Levis purchased on the black market and listen to the latest Western rock music, yet their attitudes and values are not Western. There is a mysticism, a fatalism, an attachment to the Russian soil that transcends simple patriotism. As one citizen remarked, “My parents and grandparents—like me—were born out of this black Russian soil. And when they died, they returned to the soil. This is my place, this is where I belong.”1
The Transcaucasian “Periphery” in the Bronze Age

Fashionable interpretative models in late twentieth-century American archaeology often resemble earlier constructions that dominated the literature at the beginning of the century (see Schortman and Urban, Chapter 1, this volume). Neo-evolutionary schema that compare and type societies at similar “levels of development” and view them as universally passing through broadly defined, though essentially identical, “stages” of sociocultural complexity consciously recall nineteenth-century unilinear evolutionary models, despite their more nuanced qualifications and insistence upon multilinear paths of development. Criticisms of such neo-evolutionary models also recall the earlier critiques of evolutionism by the Boasians, as well as by so-called modified diffusionists like Childe. Again, the vocabulary today differs—concepts are more refined and subtly expressed—but the basic criticism of evolutionism remains: cultures do not pass through identical evolutionary stages for they are open-ended systems caught up in historical processes larger than themselves that inevitably interrupt, modify, facilitate, impair, or destroy their internal evolutionary development. Consideration of “interregional interaction” necessarily entails, in terms of the older terminology, the treatment of diffusionary processes in which societies or “archeological cultures” become involved in networks of contact, conflict, or exchange that differentially affect all the participant societies.
Holter Monitoring: Uses and Misuses

Ambulatory ECG monitoring offers a simple and precise tool for diagnosis of many cardiac arrhythmias, particularly those that are intermittent. Monitoring establishes relationships between rhythm d...
Diffusion and solubility of C in Pt

Determination entre 1200 et 1500 C de la solubilite de C par des experiences de diffusion en utilisant le traceur radioactif 14 C. Evaluation de la diffusivite
Calcium Parameters in CHARMM Force Field Revisited

The accuracy of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations depends on the accuracy of underlying force field parameters that describe bonding and non-bonding interactions. The parameters of Lennard Jones (LJ) potential for describing cation-anion pair interactions in additive force fields are usually developed to reproduce experimental data in infinitely dilute solutions, and hence, can cause artifacts in finite concentrations. For example, it has been shown that in NaCl solutions of more than 2 M concentration, Na+ and Cl- overly bind together if the distance of minimum pairwise potential, Rmin, is not tuned accurately. Considering the fact that ions are more concentrated in the vicinity of a charged surface than in the bulk, they are prone to over-bind to lipid head-groups in MD simulations if the pairwise LJ parameter Rmin is not tuned for high ion concentrations. This can result in inaccurate bilayer properties such as area or order parameter of lipids. The artifacts are even more severe when simulated systems involve divalent ions, because their effects on the surface potential and surface charge density are more profound than monovalent ions. As such, calcium has not been extensively involved in MD simulations of biological systems so far, although it plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of the cell, such as in signal transduction, maintaining potential difference across cell membranes, and enzymatic reactions. In this study, we revise LJ parameters in CHARMM force field for pairwise interactions of calcium ions with chloride and with negatively charged groups of phospholipids. This is achieved by simulating osmosis and electrophoresis phenomena for calcium salts and matching simulation results and experimental data. The parameters are then validated by simulating lipid bilayers in mixtures of calcium chloride and sodium chloride solutions and comparing the bilayer properties with experimental data.
Flavor tagging TeV jets for physics beyond the Standard Model

We present a new scheme for tagging boosted heavy flavor jets called “µ x tagging.” At the LHC, the primary method to tag b -jets relies on tracking their charged constituents. However, when highly boosted, track-based b -tags lose efficiency, and the probability to mistag light jets rises dramatically. Using muons from B hadron decay and defining a particular combination “x ” of angular information and boost estimation, we find fairly flat efficiencies to tag b -jets, c -jets, light-quark jets, and light-heavy jets (containing B hadrons from gluon splitting) of ϵ b = 14%, ϵ c = 6:5%, ϵ light–light = 0:1%, and ϵ light-heavy = 0:5%, respectively. We demonstrate the usefulness of this new scheme by showing the reach for discovery of a leptophobic Z′ → bb in the dijet channel.
The Perceptions of White Clients in a Substance Abuse Program in Which They Are in the Minority.

ABSTRACTBackground: There is a large body of literature regarding the need for culturally-informed practice with non-white populations in substance abuse treatment. Virtually nothing, however, has been written regarding the needs of white clients when they represent a small minority in treatment programs. Objectives: The primary purpose of this study is to compare perceptions of treatment and completion rates between white and nonwhite clients in a substance abuse treatment program where white clients represent a small minority. Methods: In New York City in 2009/2010, at a short-term inpatient program where white clients represented 12% of the population, 611 clients completed surveys that included scales measuring satisfaction, therapeutic alliance, social cohesion, and connection to the program. White and non-white clients were compared regarding results of these scales as well as program completion rates. Furthermore, demographic/background characteristics of the white and nonwhite clients obtained fro...
Use of an Insect Growth Regulator Applied at the Second Week of Cotton Squaring for Management of Lygus Bugs, 2015: Table 1

A commercial cotton field planted with cv. ‘DP 164’ Round-Up Ready cotton was selected with alfalfa fields adjacent on two sides prior to establishment of experimental plots. The experiment consisted of a split plot design with a whole-plot (≈3.39 ha each) factor of either a foliar application of Diamond (novaluron) or Carbine (flonicamid) applied during the second week of squaring. The sub-plot factor consisted of eight individual treatments replicated three times ( n = 3) within each main-plot in a randomized complete block design. Plot size for sub-plots was eight rows wide with a total area of ≈0.14 ha. Sub-plot treatments were applied three times at 7–10 d intervals following the recommended labeled …
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for the Control of Lepidopterans, 2014

We evaluated the effectiveness of foliar insecticides on the control of ECB and CEW in sweet corn at the Russell E. Larson Research Station, Pennsylvania Furnace, Centre County, Pennsylvania . The field was planted in “Providence” sweet corn with 30-inch row centers with a depth of 1.5 inches on 17 Jun 2014. Warrior II, Coragen and Besiege insecticides were applied beginning at first silk on 15 Aug, 22 …
Nanofacture: Senior Design Experience in Nanotechnology

This paper describes the outcomes of an NSF-funded undergraduate engineering training project launched at the University of Arizona - College of Engineering. The program aims to engage senior-year students in a capstone design project focused on biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The senior design team has previously attended a micro- and nanofabrication and a mechatronics technical elective courses. Both courses have been adjusted to better suit the goals of the program. Modifications include a self-guided research component, requirement to utilize a nanotechnology based sensors or actuators in a biomedical application. Formative evaluation data has been gathered through personal interviews to assess changes of students attitudes towards nanotechnology. Data includes reports from junior-year members of the technical elective classes, along with graduate assistants serving as mentors of the undergraduate participants. Results indicate that students who enrolled in Fabrication Techniques for Micro- and Nano-devices gained formal knowledge about nanotechnology through lectures and hands-on activities, while those who joined a senior design team learned about nanotechnology by interfacing regularly with the faculty advisor who imparted his knowledge and enthusiasm about nanotechnology applications during design team meetings. Students who took the first course in the sequence, Guided Self-Studies in Mechatronics prior to the capstone design experience benefited most.Copyright © 2016 by ASME