cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of the anatomic setting on the results of surgical procedures for soft parts sarcoma of the thigh

The results of surgical treatment in 40 patients with a soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh were analyzed to determine the influence of the anatomic setting on the effectiveness of the procedure. The anatomic setting, based on functional anatomic compartments, was defined as either intra- or extracompartmental. The lesions were graded for aggressiveness as either high or low. The lesions were staged by biologic aggressiveness, anatomic setting, and metastases. The procedures, whether amputations or local resections, were classified by the relationship of the surgical margin to the pseudocapsule and reactive zone about the lesion as marginal, wide, or radical. Marginal procedures were done four times with two recurrences. Wide margins were achieved 12 times. When done for low grade lesions, there were no recurrences (0/2), but when done for high grade lesions, the recurrence rate was 30% (3/10). Radical margins were obtained 24 times. There was one recurrence after a radical procedure. Recurrence rates did not depend upon whether the procedure was a resection or amputation but upon the margin achieved. The anatomic setting of the lesion was intracompartmental in 13 cases and extracompartmental in 27. Not only were surgically adequate margins achieved more often for intracompartmental lesions (10/13) than for extracompartmental lesions (17/27), but there was a significant difference in the manner required to achieve an adequate margin. Although 9 of the 13 intracompartmental lesions were amenable to nonablative resection, only 3 of 27 extracompartmental lesions were resectable. The margin required for local control (wide vs. radical) was dictated by the biologic aggressiveness (grade) of the lesion. How the necessary margin was most satisfactorily achieved (resection vs. amputation) was determined by the anatomic setting (intra- vs. extracompartmental).
Caring for a parent with Alzheimer's disease: process of daughter caregiver stress

This study aimed to explore the process of caregiver stress associated with the care of a parent with Alzheimer's disease, the perception of the relationship with the parent, the image of the caregiver role, and the contextual aspects of coping and social support relationships The grounded theory method was used to analyse the daughter caregiving process for 17 women Findings included substantive theory and 13 hypotheses This study provides an expanded awareness of the interrelationship between caregiver stress and the contextual aspects of social support, coping, and the nature of the prior filial relationship
Exchange-spring permanent magnet particles produced by spark-erosion

Exchange-spring permanent magnet particles of composition Pr6.93Fe85.7B5.95Nb1.39 in at. % were prepared by spark-erosion in liquid argon. The best exchange-spring properties were achieved after vacuum annealing the as-sparked powders at 700 °C for ∼5 min, and did not change significantly for anneals up to 120 min. This behavior suggests that the equilibrium dimensions of the “hard” and “soft” phases were determined by the sizes of the spark-eroded particles in which they developed. The Pr2Fe14B phase developed as spheres, likely single crystals, in an α-Fe+Fe2B matrix.
An accelerated method for adjustment of equilibrium moisture content of foods

Abstract The long equilibration period required to attain a desired water activity by traditional methods can lead to microbiological and physico-chemical changes in the food under study. To mitigate these difficulties, a system has been developed for adjusting the relative humidity of food samples to the desired levels in less than an hour. Food samples are exposed to either a saturated or a near zero water vapour pressure thereby greatly decreasing the time required for equilibration. This is mainly due to the increased mass transfer driving force. Evacuation, along with agitation of the head-space, is found to enhance the rate of moisture change. By using the sorption curves prepared using this technique, the time required for a particular food to reach a certain moisture (or aw) level can then be predicted. The moisture and aw levels predicted were found to be in good agreement with experiment.
Magnetism of the V(001) surface: Contradictory results from pseudopotential and linearized augmented plane-wave calculations

Recently using a pseudopotential and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) we determined that V(001) with the experimentally determined surface relaxation has a strongly ferromagnetic surface. More recently, others also using the GGA found that with full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) calculations, the unrelaxed surface is only weakly magnetic and the relaxed surface is nonmagnetic. We report here other pseudopotential and FLAPW calculations. The FLAPW results are consistent with the previous ones except that the surface relaxation is much smaller. A nonmagnetic pseudopotential calculation yields a -13.5% surface relaxation, slightly larger than the FLAPW calculation, while the ground state has a -12.5% surface relaxation with a surface magnetization of $0.75{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}.$ The unrelaxed surface has a $1.77{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ magnetization in good agreement with our previous calculation. Thus we are forced to conclude that what are usually assumed to be the most accurate methods of electronic structure calculation are in complete disagreement insofar as the magnetic nature of the V(001) surface is concerned. We speculate on the source of this disagreement.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia--identifying the hydra's heads.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) begins as an indolent disease in which the myeloid lineages in the bone marrow and blood gradually expand. Untreated, this chronic phase of CML inexorably progres...
Assessment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by Doppler echocardiography: Contribution of duration of pulmonary venous versus mitral flow velocity curves at atrial contraction

The difference in the durations of flow with atrial contraction (A duration) at the pulmonary veins and mitral valve has been reported to detect the presence of elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. It is postulated that with left ventricular filling during atrial contraction, reduced ventricular compliance results in the transmission of increased pressure into the left atrium, resulting in prolongation of the pulmonary venous flow with atrial contraction. However, the relationship between ventricular compliance during atrial contraction and the pulmonary venous and mitral A durations and their difference have not been carefully examined. We performed recordings of left ventricular pressure and complete Doppler analysis of pulmonary venous and transmitral flow in 87 patients: Operant ventricular compliance at atrial contraction was estimated by measuring the increase in ventricular pressure with atrial contraction (left ventricular a wave) and by using a compliance index, which incorporated an estimate of flow into the ventricle with atrial contraction from the Doppler transmitral a wave. The difference in pulmonary venous and mitral A durations correlated well with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( r =0.73, p
Mycorrhization rates of two grasses following alterations in moisture inputs in a southern mixed grass prairie

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that often improve plant nutrient and water relations in exchange for photosynthetic carbon. During times of stress; however, plants may divert resources away from the AMF, eventually causing a reduction in mycorrhization rates. In short and mixed grass regions, where inter-annual precipitation varies widely, water availability may be the most influential limiting factor for plant growth and nutrient uptake. It may also impact plant relationships with AMF, further influencing nutrient, water, and carbon relations. To investigate the effect of precipitation rates on AMF relations, we manipulated moisture inputs in a southern mixed grass prairie and quantified mycorrhization rates of two common grasses: Bouteloua hirsuta and Schizachyrium scoparium . A multivariate analysis of variance confirmed differences in mycorrhization rates between years and differences between species responses within years; however, precipitation treatment was not a significant factor in the model. Trends in means pointed to a general reduction in mycorrhization with increasing precipitation, especially for the finer rooted B. hirsuta , but these trends were not significant. Independent variables (growing season phosphate, nitrate and ammonium mineralization, volumetric soil moisture) did not meaningfully correlate to mycorrhization rates of either species. Our results indicate that absolute precipitation and nutrient availability do not alone act upon mycorrhization rates. Our results further support the idea that broad generalization regarding plant–AMF relationships and responses to abiotic forces must be supported by long-term datasets; plant–AMF relationships appear to be too vulnerable to inter-annual variability to make conclusions based on short-term datasets.
A comparative study of molluscan and mammalian arginases

Abstract 1. 1. Certain properties of molluscan arginase, purified from the hepatopancreas of Otala lactea, were compared with those of rat liver arginase. 2. 2. The two enzymes showed a great deal of similarity in those properties associated with the basic catalytic mechanism such as substrate specificity, substrate binding and inhibition by basic amino acids. 3. 3. They differed mainly in their general protein properties: the snail enzyme was anionic during starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7 while the rat enzyme was cationic. 4. 4. A comparison of the divalent ion activation of the proarginases from each species was also made.
Synthesis of N‐hydroxymethylpentamethylmelamine (ring 14C), a cytotoxic‐alkylating metabolite of hexamethylmelamine

The 14C-ring labeled carbinolamine N-hydroxymethylpentamethyl-melamine, a metabolite of the clinically useful anticancer agent hexamethylmelamine, was prepared in good yield from cyanuric chloride (ring, 2,4,6,-14C). Amination of cyanuric chloride with dimethylamine gave 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-14C. Further amination with anhydrous methylamine gave pentamethylmelamine-2,4,6-14C. Condensation of pentamethylmethyl-melamine with excess aqueous formaldehyde gave N-hydroxymethylpentamethylmelamine in 54% overall yield.
Differential effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol and valinomycin (+K+) on uncoupler-stimulated ATPase of human tumor mitochondria

The uncoupler-stimulated mitochondrial ATPase of four human tumors, mouse kidney, brain and fetal liver exhibited a characteristic behavior when preincubated with the H+-conducting uncouplers, dinitrophenol, CCCP, S-13 and gramicidin. The ATPase activity was considerably lower with preincubation than without. Preincubation with valinomycin (+ K+), on the other hand, did not result in a significant decrease of the ATPase activity. These results may be contrasted with those obtained with liver or heart mitochondria, the ATPase activity of which did not suffer any loss when preincubated with dinitrophenol. The effect of preincubation with dinitrophenol on the tumor mitochondria could not be accounted for by dinitrophenol-induced Mg2+ efflux, since the differential effects of dinitrophenol and valinomycin (+ K+) remained even when ATPase activity was determined in presence of Mg2+. Small amounts of ATP and ADP in the preincubation mixture containing dinitrophenol protected against the decay of the ATPase activity, implicating the exchangeable adenine nucleotides in the tumor mitochondria. In a model system where liver mitochondria were depleted of their adenine nucleotides, a lower ATPase activity was indeed obtained. However, direct determination of the concentrations of adenine nucleotides in dinitrophenol- and valinomycin-treated tumor mitochondria revealed only slight differences.
Contrast saturation in a neuronally-based model of elementary motion detection

The Hassenstein-Reichardt (HR) correlation model is commonly used to model elementary motion detection in the fly. Recently, a neuronally-based computational model was proposed which, unlike the HR model, is based on identified neurons. The response of both models increases as the square of contrast, although the response of insect neurons saturates at high contrasts. We introduce a saturating nonlinearity into the neuronally-based model in order to produce contrast saturation and discuss the neuronal implications of these elements. Furthermore, we show that features of the contrast sensitivity of movement-detecting neurons are predicted by the modified model.
Study of μm‐scale spatial variations in strain of a compositionally step‐graded InxGa1−xAs/GaAs(001) heterostructure

The relaxation of strain in compositionally step‐graded InxGa1−xAs layers grown on GaAs(001) has been examined with cathodoluminescence (CL) wavelength and linearly polarized imaging approaches. A polarization anisotropy in CL is found, and this correlates with spectral shifts in the peak positions of excitonic luminescence. Varying asymmetries in misfit dislocation densities from transmission electron microscopy are found to be consistent with the μm‐scale spatial variations in strain that is deduced from the CL.
Measurement of Somatomedin-Related Peptides in Fetal, Neonatal, and Maternal Rat Serum by Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) I Radioimmunoassay, IGF-II Radioreceptor Assay (RRA), and Multiplication- Stimulating Activity RRA after Acid-Ethanol Extraction*

Previous measurements of somatomedins (Sms) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in maternal and fetal serum have yielded contradictory results. We have, therefore, measured maternal, fetal, and neonatal rat serum with two highly specific assays: 1) IGF-I/Sm-C RiA and 2) a highly specific IGF-II/rat placental membrane radioreceptor assay (RRA). In addition, we have made measurements with a less specific multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA)-rat placental membrane RRA. To avoid possible serious artifacts created by Sm-binding proteins, preliminary acid-ethanol extraction of serum was performed. Results are expressed in terms of a reference human serum with an assigned potency of 1 U/ml. Maternal RIA IGF-I fluctuated between 1.1-1.4 U/ml from the 17th day of pregnancy to the 25th day after delivery (nonpregnant rat serum pool, 1.25 +/- 0.22 U/ml). On day 21 of gestation, fetal serum radioimmunoassayable IGF-I was 1.03 +/- 0.03 U/ml. After birth, radioimmunoassayable IGF-I fell and reached .19 +/- 0.03 U/ml at 18 days of age, but rose to 0.71 +/- 0.04 U/ml at 25 days of age. At term, maternal radioreceptor assayable IGF-II was 2.18 +/- 0.27 U/ml (nonpregnant female pool, 1.4 +/- 0.12). By the 25th postpartum day, radioreceptor assayable IGF-II was 1.39 +/- 0.12 U/ml. Radioreceptor assayable IGF-II in fetal serum on day 19 was 3.26 +/- 0.48 U/ml and rose to 5.37 +/- 0.66 U/ml on the day of delivery. A further rise to 8.92 +/- 1.03 occurred on day 5. A subsequent fall to 2.41 +/- 0.05 U/ml was observed on day 25. The patterns of results of the MSA RRA in fetal and neonatal rat serum were similar to that obtained with the IGF-II RRA. We now conclude that radioimmunoassayable IGF-I is present in higher concentrations than previously reported in term fetal rat serum and that radioreceptor assayable IGF-II is selectively elevated in rat fetal and neonatal life and may have unique metabolic and growth-promoting significance.U
Selective hydrogenation of acrolein on supported silver catalysts: A kinetics study of particle size effects

Abstract The hydrogenation of acrolein was studied on a series of silica-supported silver catalysts with various particle sizes (1–9 nm). Particle sizes were determined by EXAFS and confirmed by TEM as well. The selectivity to allyl alcohol (as opposed to propanal) and turnover frequency increased with increasing particle size. The results are somewhat unusual in that the most active catalyst is also the most selective. Increasing the total pressure from 1 to 5 atm was also found to increase the selectivity and decrease the activation energy. The results suggest that the orientation of acrolein on flat surfaces with high coverage is desirable for high selectivity and high activity. However, the selectivity to allyl alcohol decreases with increasing conversion due to the isomerization of allyl alcohol to propanal.
Broad inhibition sharpens orientation selectivity by expanding input dynamic range in mouse simple cells

Orientation selectivity (OS) is an emergent property in the primary visual cortex (V1). How OS arises from synaptic circuits remains unsolved. Here, in vivo whole-cell recordings in the mouse V1 revealed that simple cells received broadly tuned excitation and even more broadly tuned inhibition. Excitation and inhibition shared a similar orientation preference and temporally overlapped substantially. Neuron modeling and dynamic-clamp recording further revealed that excitatory inputs alone would result in membrane potential responses with significantly attenuated selectivity, due to a saturating input-output function of the membrane filtering. Inhibition ameliorated the attenuation of excitatory selectivity by expanding the input dynamic range and caused additional sharpening of output responses beyond unselectively suppressing responses at all orientations. This "blur-sharpening" effect allows selectivity conveyed by excitatory inputs to be better expressed, which may be a general mechanism underlying the generation of feature-selective responses in the face of strong excitatory inputs that are weakly biased.
Fulminant Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis After a Near-Drowning Accident in an Immunocompetent Patient

Objective: To report on invasive aspergillosis infection in an immunocompetent adult after a near-drowning event, which allowed this pathogen to easily gain access to the human respiratory system and result in rapid, severe infection. Case Summary: A 51-year-old female developed severe pneumonia after a near-drowning accident. Two days after admission, a bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and was positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. After a 30-day hospital course, multiple antifungals, and various routes of administration, the patient expired. Discussion: Pneumonia is particularly common because of the aspiration of contaminated water. Whereas pneumococci, staphylococci, and Gram-negative bacteria are all common pathogens for this type of infection, fungi such as Aspergillus spp can also be involved and may be life threatening. Typically, these cases are reported in individuals with an immunodeficiency such as from receipt of myelosuppressive chemotherapy, bone marrow transplants, or lung transp...
Supervised cluster classification using the original n-dimensional space without transformation into lower dimension

A novel supervised classification algorithm, direct clustering in n-dimensional space (DCNS), was developed for difficult data sets where conventional methods of supervised clustering are expected to fail. The method is based, when applied on >3-dimensional spaces, on an algorithm that performs special treatment on the measurement space, so that the treated space can allow a computer-aided clustering methodology similar to that used by human vision. However, unlike other techniques that reduce the dimensionality of the space, the proposed method preserves the original dimensions while performing a computer-simulated human vision clustering in the original n-dimensional space. Thus the overlap between clusters that results from the dimensionality reduction is eliminated. The proposed method was applied to two real data sets. The results are compared with those obtained using principal component analysis (PCA), an artificial neural network (ANN), and the k-nearest-neighbor (KNN) technique. On one data set containing only two clusters, the DCNS algorithm gives better cluster separation than the other three methods. However, when all four methods were applied on the second data set, containing eight different clusters, PCA, ANN and KNN were unable to give useful cluster separation, while the DCNS method was able to separate all clusters and classify the unknown points successfully with their corresponding clusters. The DCNS technique is able to perform other important cluster analysis tasks, such as testing the discriminatory power of a variable, selecting one variable from many, and conducting preliminary unsupervised clustering.
A SOFT X-RAY UNDULATOR BEAMLINE AT THE ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE WITH CIRCULAR AND VARIABLE LINEAR POLARIZATION FOR THE SPECTROSCOPY AND MICROSCOPY OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS

A new undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is described. This new beamline has an Apple II type undulator which produces linearly and elliptically polarized X-rays. A high resolution monochromator directs the radiation to two branchlines. The rst branchline is optimized for spectroscopy and accommodates multiple endstations simultaneously. The second branchline features a photoemission electron microscope. A novel feature of the beamline is the ability to produce linearly polarized radiation at arbitrary, user-selectable angles. Applications of the new beamline are also described.
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Considerations in Patients With Chronic Pain

Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) incorporates diagnostic and ther- apeutic strategies that address body unity, homeostatic mechanisms, and struc- ture-function interrelationships. In regard to pain, osteopathic physicians take thorough histories guided by palpatory examination to determine the quality, duration, and origin of this condition, how it uniquely affects the individual, and whether segmental, reflex, or triggered pain phenomena coexist. Osteopathic manipulative medicine expands differential diagnoses by considering somatic dysfunction and treatment options by integrating specific aspects of comple- mentary care into state-of-the-art pain management practices. Prescriptions formulated through an OMM algorithm integrate each osteo- pathic tenet with biopsychosocial and patient education models and medica- tion, rehabilitation, and manual medicine techniques proportionate to individual needs.
Assessing the impact of end‐member selection on the accuracy of satellite‐based spatial variability models for actual evapotranspiration estimation

[1] This study examines the impact of end-member (i.e., hot and cold extremes) selection on the performance and mechanisms of error propagation in satellite-based spatial variability models for estimating actual evapotranspiration, using the triangle, surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL), and mapping evapotranspiration with high resolution and internalized calibration (METRIC) models. These models were applied to the soil moisture-atmosphere coupling experiment site in central Iowa on two Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus acquisition dates in 2002. Evaporative fraction (EF, defined as the ratio of latent heat flux to availability energy) estimates from the three models at field and watershed scales were examined using varying end-members. Results show that the end-members fundamentally determine the magnitudes of EF retrievals at both field and watershed scales. The hot and cold extremes exercise a similar impact on the discrepancy between the EF estimates and the ground-based measurements, i.e., given a hot (cold) extreme, the EF estimates tend to increase with increasing temperature of cold (hot) extreme, and decrease with decreasing temperature of cold (hot) extreme. The coefficient of determination between the EF estimates and the ground-based measurements depends principally on the capability of remotely sensed surface temperature (Ts) to capture EF (i.e., depending on the correlation between Ts and EF measurements), being slightly influenced by the end-members. Varying the end-members does not substantially affect the standard deviation and skewness of the EF frequency distributions from the same model at the watershed scale. However, different models generate markedly different EF frequency distributions due to differing model physics, especially the limiting edges of EF defined in the remotely sensed vegetation fraction (fc) and Ts space. In general, the end-members cannot be properly determined because (1) they do not necessarily exist within a scene, varying with the spatial extent, resolution, and quality of satellite images being used and/or (2) different operators can select different end-members. Furthermore, the limiting edge of EF ¼ 0 in the fc-Ts space varies with the model, with SEBAL-type models having inherently an increasing curvilinear limiting edge of EF ¼ 0 with fc. The spatial variability models therefore require careful calibration in order to deduce reasonable EFlimiting edges and then confine the magnitudes of EF estimates.
Derived Estimation of Willingness to Pay to Avoid Probabilistic Shortage

A mathematical programming approach is developed for deriving estimates of the willingness to pay of water customers for improvements in water supply reliability. Reliability is represented as a probability distribution of different shortage levels, allowing the valuation of different profiles of water supply reliability. The approach is examined analytically, and a two-stage linear programming variant is developed for applied problems. The approach can be applied to estimate the willingness to pay for improved reliability of different classes of customers and for suggesting promising water conservation programs for different customer classes. An example application is presented to illustrate the approach.
Impact of rain on radar transmittance through building walls

We study and exactly evaluate the transmittance of microwave energy—below S-band—that goes through thick building walls covered by an external thin layer of rain. The incident radiation penetrates the wet walls at normal incidence, twice in their back-and-forth paths typical of sensing-through-the-wall (STTW) operations. The walls are responsible for most of the loss through the structure in view of their greater thickness, but the water layer contribution is significant, and it is quantitatively evaluated here. The properties of the water layer are expressed in terms of Debye's classical formulation, and those of the walls are obtained from available measurements. A simple homogenization technique is used to generate an “effective permittivity” of the double layer to be able to alternatively treat it as a single equivalent layer—an approximation to the exact values, which yields acceptable results. It is also found that the transmittance T and the reflectance R of a single and double layer could also be expressed in alternative and apparently novel forms that may simplify future calculations. Further, if either R or T were known as well as the layer(s) properties, then either one could be used to obtain the other. Finally, representative plots are displayed, quantitatively showing the (two-way) transmittance degradation that occurs when there is a rain layer on top of the various considered wall materials, and we explain a resonance effect observable in the transmittance plots that shows an oscillatory frequency behavior.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of recombination-pumped x-ray lasers driven by high-intensity, short-pulse lasers

We have experimentally investigated a recombination-pumped soft-x-ray laser on a Lyman-α transition (135 A) of hydrogenlike lithium. Furthermore, we have modeled the dynamics of this system, including the effects of the multipeaked electron distribution function that is obtained from the sequential, optical-field ionization of an atom. We compare the predictions of our model and our experimental results.
The use of mouse models to understand and improve cognitive deficits in Down syndrome

Remarkable advances have been made in recent years towards therapeutics for cognitive impairment in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) by using mouse models. In this review, we briefly describe the phenotypes of mouse models that represent outcome targets for drug testing, the behavioral tests used to assess impairments in cognition and the known mechanisms of action of several drugs that are being used in preclinical studies or are likely to be tested in clinical trials. Overlaps in the distribution of targets and in the pathways that are affected by these diverse drugs in the trisomic brain suggest new avenues for DS research and drug development.
Spectrum of group cohomology and support varieties

We give a brief introduction to two fundamental papers by Daniel Quillen appearing in the Annals, 1971. These papers established the foundations of equivariant cohomology and gave a qualitative description of the cohomology of an arbitrary finite group. We briefly describe some of the influence of these seminal papers in the study of cohomology and representations of finite groups, restricted Lie algebras, and related structures.
Use of Ancillary Data in Object Based Classification of High Resolution Satellite Data

The purpose of this paper is to establish the benefit in utilizing object based image classification in combination with ancillary data such as a digital line graph to classify land cover types associated with urban land use versus object based image classification that relies solely on the native image. Specifically, this paper will focus on the classification of roads from multi-spectral IKONOS satellite imagery that has a spatial resolution of 4 meters using the object base classification software eCognition Professional 4.0 by Definiens Imaging Co. and a rasterized Digital Line Graph (DLG) from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The hypothesis presented in this paper is that the USGS' DLGs can be used to improve object-based classification of high-resolution satellite imagery by improving the creation of image objects in eCognition. A mask of pixels that were known to be representing physical roads in the raw image was used to assess accuracy. The two classified images were then compared with the mask and the accuracies were calculated using the TTA Mask Error method. The Overall Accuracy of the classification of roads from the IKONOS multi-spectral image rose from 0.7989 in the unclassified image to 0.9578. This is an increase of 0.1589 or nearly 15.1%, and is a substantial increase of accuracy that would lead us to the conclusion that the inclusion of ancillary data in the process of object based image classification would increase the classification accuracy of roads.
Issues for storing plant-based alternative fuels in marine environments.

Abstract Two coastal seawaters (Key West, FL, USA and the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, representing oligotrophic and eutrophic environments, respectively) were used to evaluate potential biodegradation and corrosion problems during exposure to alternative and conventional fuels. Uncoated carbon steel was exposed at the fuel/seawater interface and polarization resistance was monitored. Under typical marine storage conditions, dioxygen in natural seawater exposed to fuel and carbon steel was reduced to
Influence of California-Style Black Ripe Olive Processing on the Formation of Acrylamide

Methods used in processing California-style black ripe olives generate acrylamide. California-style black ripe olives contain higher levels of acrylamide (409.67 ± 42.60−511.91 ± 34.08 μg kg−1) as compared to California-style green ripe olives (44.02 ± 3.55–105.79 ± 22.01 μg kg–1), Greek olives ( 30 days) result in lower acrylamide levels in the finished product. The presence of calcium ions in the preprocessing brining solution results in higher levels of acrylamide in finished products. Air oxidation during lye processing and the neutralization of olives prior to sterilization significantly increase the formation of acrylamide ...
New editorial board members in pediatrics and health services research.

The northeast region of the United States has finally thawed, and the crocuses are heralding spring. Spring for me always involves planting a large vegetable and flower garden, pruning fruit trees, and getting ready for the next crop. Although I am in the last year of my last term as PTJ 's editor in chief, I want to celebrate spring by announcing my final round of new Editorial Board members. I am grateful for the incredible work of those who will be leaving later this year, and I am excited about the contributions of the new members of our team. First, a thank you to Janet Freburger, PT, PhD, who joined PTJ to help Linda Resnik manage the health services research papers that are growing in numbers and relevance for our profession. We began the Health Policy in Perspective feature in 2009 to draw …
Language that obscures

To the Editor: As an old, one-time teacher of research design and methods of statistical analysis in the academic world and at workshops for practitioners, and as an author of two manuals on clinical research, I must express some puzzlement and some concern about Editor Jules Rothstein's words about “Statistical Words” in his February 1995 Editor's Note.1 Most of the Editor's Note is given over to attacking what Rothstein considers the redundant use of the word “significant” in reporting statistically significant results, as in “The means of group A and group B were significantly different.” The Editor says, “We edit out the word significant.'”… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/75/82?iss=2
Characterization and Measurement of Heme Synthetase in Normal Human Bone Marrow

The heme synthetase step in human bone marrow has been characterized in a crude lysate as an enzymatic reaction in that it has a pH optimum of 7.4, is heat labile, and at optimum substrate concentrations is linear with time and enzyme concentration over the first 30 minutes. The Km of iron was found to be 1.7 x 10 -5 M and for protoporphyrin 1.8 x 10 -6 M. High iron concentrations do not affect the enzyme but ascorbic acid and glutathione were found to augment the activity of the enzyme. Pyridoxine and high protoporphyrin concentrations inhibit heme synthetase activity. A negative feedback control of heme synthetase by heme is present in human red cell precursors.
The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement on Open Source Software Project Success

We investigate how intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement against developers and users of open source software (OSS) affects the success of related OSS projects. We hypothesize that when an IPR enforcement action is filed, user interest and developer activity will be negatively affected in two types of related OSS projects — those that display technology overlap with the OSS application in dispute and business projects that are specific to the disputed OSS platform. We examine two widely publicized lawsuits — SCO v. IBM and FireStar/DataTern v. Red Hat — using data from SourceForge.net. Our difference-in-difference estimates show that in the months following the filing of SCO v. IBM, OSS projects that exhibit high technology overlap with the disputed OSS experienced a 15% greater decline in user interest and 45% less developer activity than projects in the control group; OSS projects that are intended for business and specific to the disputed OSS platform had a 34% greater decline in user interest and 86% less developer activity than the control group. We find similar results following the filing of FireStar/DataTern v. Red Hat. Our results are also robust to a variety of robustness checks, including a falsification exercise and subsample analyses.
Exhaled NO is reduced at an early stage of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets

Altered nitric oxide (NO) production could contribute to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. To determine whether parameters of lung NO are altered at an early stage of hypo...
The presence of nuclear and mitochondrial uracil-DNA glycosylase in extracts of human KB cells.

Abstract Extracts of human KB cells contain detectable uracil-DNA glycosylase activity. The majority of the activity is located within the nuclear fraction, however we present evidence for the presence of identifiable uracil-DNA glycosylase activity associated with the mitochondrial fraction of these cells.
Spectral Properties of Yb3+-Doped Crystals for Laser Applications

Since the advent of AlGaAs laser diodes, many Nd-doped materials have been pumped by these sources and demonstrated great promise as efficient, dependable laser systems. Analogously, the recent availability of InGaAs laser diodes has provided a means by which to pump the Yb impurity. Following the suggestion of Krupke and Chase,1 Fan has recently demonstrated that Yb in Y3Al5O12 can be effectively pumped by InGaAs laser diodes.2 In this paper, we report our spectroscopic investigations of numerous Yb-doped crystals, and our assessment of the potential InGaAs-pumped laser performance of these systems.
Further Implications of the Immunological Feedback Model

Neyman and Scott (1967) were able to derive, for their model, expressions for the probability that a tumor will be counted by the experimenter and the expected number of so-called “killer” tumors. Although it is not explicitly stated, Neyman and Scott appear to make the implicit assumption that, once a tumor is counted, it grows without limit and is classified as a killer tumor. Analogously, we derive the above quantities for the immunological feedback model, but where we use the probability density obtained from the method of linearized transition probabilities instead of the unavailable exact density.
Associations of Emergency Department Length of Stay With Publicly Reported Quality-of-care Measures.

Objective The Institute of Medicine identified emergency department (ED) crowding as a critical threat to patient safety. We assess the association between changes in publicly reported ED length of stay (LOS) and changes in quality-of-care measures in a national cohort of hospitals. Methods Longitudinal analysis of 2012 and 2013 data from the American Hospital Association (AHA) Survey, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Cost Reports, and CMS Hospital Compare. We included hospitals reporting Hospital Compare timeliness measure of LOS for admitted patients. We used AHA and CMS data to incorporate hospital predictors of interest. We used the method of first differences to test for relationships in the change over time between timeliness measures and six hospital-level measures. Results The cohort consisted of 2,619 hospitals. Each additional hour of ED LOS was associated with a 0.7% decrease in proportion of patients giving a top satisfaction rating, a 0.7% decrease in proportion of patients who would “definitely recommend” the hospital, and a 6-minute increase in time to pain management for long bone fracture (p < 0.01 for all). A 1-hour increase in ED LOS is associated with a 44% increase in the odds of having an increase in left without being seen (95% confidence interval = 25% to 68%). ED LOS was not associated with hospital readmissions (p = 0.14) or time to percutaneous coronary intervention (p = 0.14). Conclusion In this longitudinal study of hospitals across the United States, improvements in ED timeliness measures are associated with improvements in the patient experience.
A comprehensive investigation of gate oxide breakdown of P+Poly/PFETs under inversion mode

Breakdown (BD) characteristics and electron transport across thin SiO2 films has been thoroughly investigated for P+Poly-Si gate/PFET devices stressed under inversion mode. We resolve the anomalies in TBD/QBD polarity dependence and shallower Weibull slopes commonly observed in PFET for TOX>2nm. For thin oxides (1.8nm<TOX<2.9nm), QBD data and Weibull slopes are found to be in excellent agreement with those of NFETs by considering valence-band electron tunneling. For ultra-thin oxides (T OX<1.8nm), using an improved new BD detection methodology, the derived QBD results show reasonable agreement with those of thick oxides
A Comprehensive System for Measuring Wake Vortex Behavior and Related Atmospheric Conditions at Memphis, Tennessee

Models of vortex behavior as a function of atmospheric conditions are being developed in an attempt to improve safety and minimize unnecessary airport capacity restrictions due to wake vortices. Direct measurements of vortices and the relevant meteorological conditions in an operational setting, which would serve to improve the understanding of vortex behavior, are scarce and incomplete. A comprehensive vortex, meteorological, and aircraft measurement system has been constructed at Memphis International Airport and operated in two 1-month periods during 1994 and 1995. A 10.6 µm continuous-wave (CW) coherent lidar was used to measure vortex parameters with high fidelity. This lidar features a number of improvements over previous systems, including an automatic vortex detection and tracking algorithm to ensure efficient scanning. Meteorological data were collected from a 45 m instrumented tower, balloon soundings, a wind profiler/radio acoustic sounding system (RASS), sonic detection and ranging (SODAR), an...
The Technological Study of Dynamically Detecting Molten Steel Weight

Abstract There are some dozens of continuous casting machines of smaller square billet in China. But the devices detecting dynamically molten steel weight in steel ladle can not run normally because of technology condition and bad environment. so the success rate of continuously casting steel is decreased. In this paper. the device detecting weight of molten steel in steel ladle was designed Which Was suitable for bad environment. Some methods was given to overcome the high ten1perature of environment and the heat exchange of sensor were calculated. The detecting device has been running very Well in an iron-steel plant since October, 1989.
Die Quanteninterpretation des Intelligenzquotienten (QI des IQ)

Die Interpretation von IQ-Werten ist seit achtzig Jahren umstritten.1 Zudem fehlen jegliche Erklarungen fur einige verbluffende Beobachtungen, beispielsweise fur die jungste Entdeckung,2 das Musik von Mozart den IQ vorubergehend signifikant um fast zehn Punkte erhoht. Ich skizziere im folgenden eine neue Interpretation, die auf der Quantenphysik fust, die „QI des IQ“.
Elucidating the patterning mechanism of zirconium-based hybrid photoresists

We report a series of studies aimed at shedding more light on the development mechanism of zirconium (Zr)-based extreme-UV hybrid photoresists. In earlier works, our group demonstrated that Zr-based hybrid resists are capable of resolving 30-nm half-pitch features with a very high sensitivity in the range of 1 to 20 mJ/cm2, which renders these materials potential candidates in the area of nonchemically amplified inorganic resists. While attractive because of its high sensitivity, Zr-methacrylic acid suffers from scumming problems. In an effort to better understand what controls sensitivity and scumming phenomena, we employed a combination of analytical techniques (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) to study the patterning mechanism in detail, to be able to optimize the development process and develop systems with optimal features.
Parents and Jewish Educational Settings

There are many points of intersection between parents and the Jewish educational lives of their children. This chapter contains a summary, organized around an ecological framework, of theory and research related to parents and Jewish education. This summary addresses the interrelated topics of demographic trends in the parent population, parents as decision makers regarding the Jewish education of their children, the involvement of parents in various aspects of the school, and parents’ past and current experiences as Jewish learners. Building from a model of reciprocal interaction, this approach also recognizes the potential for a child’s school experience to impact on a parent’s Jewish experience. Implications and suggestions for further research are developed from this model.
Can time to healing in pediatric blunt splenic injury be predicted

Current consensus guidelines do not recommend routine follow-up imaging for blunt splenic injury (BSI) in children. However, repeat imaging is recommended based on persistent symptoms. Wide variation of practice continues to exist among surgeons. By defining the natural evolution of BSI, we sought to identify patients at higher risk for delayed healing who could benefit from outpatient imaging. A retrospective review of all children with BSI at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center was completed. Grade of injury, hospital course, laboratory values and follow-up imaging results were obtained. Injured spleens were classified as ‘healed’, ‘healing’ (with echogenic scar), or ‘non-healing’ with persistence of parenchymal abnormalities. Between 2000 and 2014, 222 patients with BSI were identified. Seven patients (3%) underwent immediate splenectomy. Packed red blood cell transfusion was required in 13 (6%) of the 222 patients, and 3 (2%) of 145 with isolated splenic injuries. Seventy-one percent of patients underwent additional imaging 2–74 weeks post-injury. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to establish the relationship between sensitivity and specificity of capturing non-healing spleens over time. Optimal timing for post-injury imaging for grades I–II was 7–8 weeks; healing of higher-grade injuries could not accurately be predicted. If return to full physical activity, in particular contact sports, is contingent upon documented healing of the splenic parenchyma after blunt trauma in the pediatric population, follow-up imaging for low-grade injuries is best obtained around 7–8 weeks. No such recommendations can be made for high-grade splenic injuries, as the exact time to healing cannot be predicted based on initial data. IV. Diagnostic test.
Independence test for large sparse contingency tables based on distance correlation

Abstract We propose a new approach to testing independence in a sparse contingency table based on distance correlation measure. We derive the explicit formula of the distance correlation between two categorical variables and suggest a simple permutation test for practical implementation.
Impact of syndrome-specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions on use of and resistance to fluoroquinolones: An interrupted time series analysis.

Background Fluoroquinolones are often prescribed unnecessarily and are an important risk factor for infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli and Clostridioides difficile. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental study to determine the impact of sequential syndrome-specific stewardship interventions on use of and resistance to fluoroquinolones in a tertiary care hospital. An initial 2-year intervention focused on reducing treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria and ensuring concordance of urinary tract infection treatment with guidelines. A second 5-year intervention focused on limiting overuse of fluoroquinolones for health care–associated pneumonia in conjunction with a formal stewardship program. The primary outcomes were fluoroquinolone use and changes in use over time analyzed by segmented regression analysis. Results The asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection intervention resulted in a significant reduction in fluoroquinolone use, with a significant change from an increasing to a decreasing rate of use (change in slope of quarterly defined daily doses/1,000 patient days –15.3, P Conclusions Antimicrobial stewardship interventions focused on specific syndromes may be effective in reducing fluoroquinolone use. In our hospital, reduction in fluoroquinolone use resulted in increased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in P aeruginosa, but not other Enterobacteriaceae or C difficile.