cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Methadone Is Associated with Decreased Perioperative Opioid Use Without Adverse Events: A Case-Matched Cohort Study.

Objective To determine if there is an association of intraoperative methadone use and total perioperative opioid exposure in patients undergoing congenital heart surgeries. Design Retrospective, case-match cohort study. Setting Single center quaternary care teaching hospital. Participants Seventy-four patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing surgical repair or palliative surgery. Intervention Thirty-seven patients undergoing CHD surgeries receiving intraoperative methadone were matched to 37 patients based upon age and procedure who did not receive intraoperative methadone. The primary study outcome was to evaluate total opioid use in intravenous milligrams of morphine equivalents per kilogram (mg ME/kg) within the first 36-hours postoperatively. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare total opioid exposure. Measurements and Main Results The total opioid use was compared between groups. The methadone cohort required less opioids intraoperatively, in the first 12 hours postoperatively, and during the first 36 hours postoperatively (2.51 v 4.39 mg ME/kg, p Conclusion Intraoperative methadone use was associated with a decrease in perioperative opioid exposure in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery and was not associated with adverse events or prolonged durations of mechanical ventilation or ICU stay.
Haploidentical transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia patients with minimal/measurable residual disease at transplantation.

There have been conflicting results regarding the impact of minimal/measurable disease at transplant on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) outcomes after haploidentical transplantation (haplo-SCT). We assessed the impact of pre-transplant disease status on post-transplant outcomes of 143 patients treated with haplo-SCT using fludarabine-melphalan (FM) conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). With a median follow-up of 29 months, the two-year PFS for all patients was 41%. Compared to patients in complete remission (CR) at transplant, those with active disease (n = 29) and CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) (n = 39) had worse PFS. They had hazard ratios (HR) of 3.5 (95% CI: 2.05-6.1; P < .001) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3-3.9; P = .002), respectively. Among patients who were in CR at transplant, there were no differences in PFS between those who had minimal residual disease (MRD) positive (n = 24), and MRD negative (n = 41) (HR 1.85, 95%CI: 0.9-4.0; P = .1). In multivariable analysis for patients in CR, only age was predictive for outcomes, while MRD status at transplant did not influence the treatment outcomes. Our findings suggest that haplo-SCT with FM conditioning regimen and PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis has a protective effect, and may potentially abrogate the inferior outcomes of MRD positivity for patients with AML. Patients with positive MRD may benefit from proceeding urgently to a haplo-SCT, as this does not appear to negatively impact transplant outcomes.
Going With the Flow: An Examination of Entrainment in Typically Developing Children

Purpose Conversational entrainment is the tendency for individuals to modify their behavior to more closely converge with the behavior of their communication partner and is an important aspect of s...
Interferon regulatory factor 6 is required for proper wound healing in vivo

Background Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common form of syndromic orofacial cleft caused predominantly by mutations in Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6). We previously reported that individuals with VWS have increased risk of wound healing complications following cleft repair compared with individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate-NSCLP). In vitro, absence of IRF6 leads to impaired keratinocyte migration and embryonic wound healing. However, there is currently no data on tissue repair in adult animals and cells with reduced levels of IRF6 like in VWS. Results Excisional wounds of Irf6+/- and wild-type animals were analyzed 4 and 7 days post-wounding. Although all wounds were reepithelialized after 7 days, the epidermal and wound volume of repaired wounds was larger in Irf6+/- . These data were supported by increased keratinocyte proliferation in the neoformed epidermis and a less mature granulation tissue with increased cytokine levels. This effect was not cell autonomous, as Irf6+/- neonatal keratinocytes in vitro did not exhibit defects in scratch wound closure or proliferation. Keratinocytes from individuals with VWS also migrated similarly to keratinocytes from NSCLP individuals. Conclusions These data support a role for IRF6 in wound healing by regulating keratinocyte proliferation, granulation tissue maturation, and cytokine levels.
Low‐dose lipopolysaccharide exposure can increase in vivo bilirubin production rates in newborn mice

AIM Neonatal haemolysis increases bilirubin production rates, which can then lead to severe hyperbilirubinaemia and bilirubin neurotoxicity. During haemolysis, haem is degraded by haem oxygenase (HO), which can be induced under stress conditions. It is known that neonatal sepsis is a risk factor for haemolysis and severe hyperbilirubinaemia. Here, we evaluated whether an exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce sepsis can upregulate HO-1, further increasing in vivo bilirubin production rates in mouse pups under haem loads. METHODS Three-day-old pups were given LPS (1250 μg/kg) or saline (controls). Liver HO enzyme activity, HO-1 mRNA and HO-1 protein were measured post-LPS exposure. We then assessed the effects of LPS treatment on in vivo bilirubin production rates after haem loading. RESULTS Liver HO activity significantly increased (142%) over controls 24 hours after treatment with LPS (1250 μg/kg) without mortality. Liver HO-1 mRNA was significantly upregulated 2.47-fold at 24 hours post-LPS administration, while liver HO-1 protein increased 1.29-fold 24 hours post-LPS treatment. After haem loading, pups exposed to LPS had significantly higher bilirubin production rates (1.30-fold) compared with age-matched, saline-treated controls. CONCLUSION Low-dose LPS treatment can upregulate liver HO-1 expression and may underlie the severe hyperbilirubinaemia seen in septic infants, particularly when undergoing haemolysis.
Analysis on monitoring and nursing for twin pregnancy with intrauterine single fetal death

Objective To investigate the monitoring and nursing for twin pregnancy with intrauterine single fetal death. Methods The expectant management and neonatal outcome of 17 cases of intrauterine death of twin which were diagnosed by ultrasonography from July 2003 to July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The period of expectant management was 3-147days. The average period was 80 days. The average delivery pregnancy week was 35 weeks. No one case developed blood coagulation dysfunction. The common complications were oligohydramnios and premature ruptures of membrane, the important reasons of intrauterine death was placental factor Conclusions Taking expectant management, comprehensive monitoring the related indexes and complication of pregnant and fetal of intrauterine death of twin and nursing measures can prolong the time of intrauterine growth of survival fetal and improve the quality of life of neonatal. Key words: Twin pregnancy; Intrauterine death; Monitoring of pregnant woman and fetus; Nursing
The Development of Cigarette Smoking Behavior Among Juvenile Offenders in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: ADHD Symptomatology as a Risk Factor

Cigarette use is a public health issue and juvenile offenders are at risk for engagement in substance use. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to elevated risk for cigar...
Bounds on Bearing, Symbol, and Channel Estimation Under Model Misspecification

The constrained Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) has been used successfully to study parameter estimation in flat-fading scenarios, and established the value of side information such as known waveform properties (e.g. constant modulus) and known training symbols. There are classes of communication links, however, that may be subject to highly dynamic changes, and this could cause the assumed data model to be an inaccurate model of the channel. Therefore, the constrained misspecified CRB is considered to explore the impact of model mismatch for such communication links. Specifically, quantifying the loss in estimation performance when one assumes the channel is stationary when it is not is of interest.
Selective Predation by Pond-Breeding Salamanders in Ephemeral Wetlands of Ohio and Illinois

Larval amphibians are important components of ephemeral wetland ecosystems, where they are abundant and perform important ecological functions. Larval pond-breeding salamanders (genus Ambystoma) are the primary vertebrate predators in fishless, ephemeral wetland systems, where they consume large amounts of aquatic invertebrate prey. However, the mechanisms in which larval salamanders affect aquatic communities are poorly understood. We compared stomach contents of larval pond-breeding salamanders from two regions in the midwestern United States to assess their diets for evidence of prey selection. We found larval salamanders exhibited selective predation for certain taxa and functional feeding groups. Our results provide a possible mechanism in which larval pond-breeding salamanders affect aquatic invertebrate communities and shape ephemeral wetland ecosystem processes.
How China Builds the Credibility of the Belt and Road Initiative

Despite persistent skepticism towards the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), many countries have signed on to the program and even more countries have come to believe in its transformative potential t...
The Faces of Intellectual Disability: Philosophical Reflections

A Note on Terminology Introduction: The Philosopher's Nightmare Part 1. The Institutional World of Intellectual Disability 1. Twin Brothers: The Idiot and the Institution 2. Gendered Objects, Gendered Subjects 3. Analytic Interlude Part 2. The Philosophical World of Intellectual Disability 4. The Face of Authority 5. The Face of the Beast 6. The Face of Suffering Conclusion: The Face of the Mirror Postscript: Toward a New Philosophical Ethos Notes Selected Bibliography Index
Boston to Where: The Challenges Posed by Local-Global Terrorism

As the Boston bombers dramatically illustrated, twenty-first century terrorism is a powerful combination of international and domestic causes. The response to terrorism at home has been mixed, with the U.S. seeing its response to terrorism as part of a global war whereas its European partners always handled domestic terrorism as criminal cases. Boston illustrates a third form of terrorism, what I call global-local terrorism, reflects a hybrid posing significant challenges to both approaches. This chapter discusses competing views of the appropriate legal framework for dealing with terrorism when it happens on their doorsteps. The challenges are highlighted when, as in the U.S. and UK, second and third generation immigrants commit terror attacks. I discuss the domestic law enforcement-criminal courts approach of European countries and then analyze the contrasting “self-defense” (law of armed conflict) approach taken by the U.S. The chapter concludes with reflections on “motivator-inciters” who radicalize those who actually perpetrate terrorism, inquiring whether local-global terrorism warrants imposing limits on otherwise protected free speech.
Evaluation of Prototype Cell Delivery Catheters Using Agarose Gel and Cell Culture Experiments

EVALUATION OF PROTOTYPE CELL DELIVERY CATHETERS USING AGAROSE GEL AND CELL CULTURE EXPERIMENTS By Sagar Panse, MBBS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Major Director: Helen Fillmore Ph.D. Associate Professor of Neurosurgery Neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors affect millions of patients worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The blood brain barrier constitutes a major obstacle to delivery of therapeutic agents administered systemically for treating these disorders. Intracranial drug delivery provides a novel way of bypassing the blood brain barrier and achieving high concentration of therapeutic agents in the brain while avoiding systemic side effects. However damage to tissues during insertion of catheters, release of air in the brain and consequent backtracking of dye are some disadvantages with this mode of treatment. We evaluated prototype cell delivery catheters
The Benefit of the Doubt: A Theory of Founding Party Dominance

Strongly associated with the achievement of independence or majority rule, a “Founding Party” enters the electoral arena in a dominant position. Once there, however, how does such a party maintain political dominance? More specifically, we investigate how a Founding Party sustains a broad coalition of supporters while (a) failing to deliver on material promises to large swathes of those supporters; and (b) tolerating a competitive electoral system. Exploiting the case of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, this paper presents a new theory of single-party dominance in new polities. By way of a formal model, the theory highlights how citizens’ beliefs about the party and their access to information impact the incumbent’s allocation of state resources and propaganda across groups. Most interestingly, we identify how a Founding Party exploits and maintains a "benefit of the doubt" among certain citizens to extract rents while sustaining popular support.
Assembling the Planetary Computer

After twenty years, the "S-curve" of building out the wired internet with hundreds of millions of PCs as its end points is flattening out, with corresponding lowering of the growth rates of the major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At the same time, several new "S-curves" are reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous computing begins to sweep the planet. Leading this will be a vast expansion in heterogeneous end-points to a new wireless internet, moving IP throughout the physical world. Billions of internet connected cell phones, embedded processors, hand held devices, sensors, and actuators will lead to radical new applications in biomedicine,transportation, environmental monitoring, and interpersonal communication and collaboration. The combination of wireless LANs, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites, and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band will cover the world with connectivity. The resulting vast increase in data streams, augmented by the advent of ass market broadband to homes and businesses, will drive the backbone of the internet to a pure optical lambda-switched network of tremendous capacity. Finally, peer-to-peer computing and storage will increasingly provide a vast untapped capability to power this emergent planetary computer.
IL-17-mediated regulation of C/EBPβ alternative translation: Implications for signaling and response to opportunistic fungal infections (IRM6P.721)

Th17 cells and IL-17 play essential host-defensive roles in immunity to pathogens, particularly fungi such as Candida albicans. However, the specific signaling pathways used by IL-17 and its receptor are still poorly defined. We have shown that IL-17 activates the CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) transcription factor, which is required for induction of many IL-17 target genes. C/EBPβ is translated into 3 distinct protein isoforms whose expression is regulated by the differential use of different translational initiation start sites, known as LAP* (38kDa), LAP (35kDa) and LIP (22kDa). We have shown that IL-17 induces the alternative translation of C/EBPβ, inducing a marked increase in LAP* and LIP. However, the functional significance of differential C/EBPβ isoform expression remains enigmatic. To determine the biological significance of C/EBPβ alternative translation, we used C/EBPβ-/- mice and a knockin that cannot generate the LAP isoform (C/EBPβM20A). We then assessed susceptibility of these mice to oral C. albicans infection, immunity to which is a strongly IL-17-dependent event. We found that C/EBPβ-/- but not C/EBPβM20 mice were highly susceptible to disease, indicating that LAP is dispensable but C/EBPβ is required. In evaluating a panel of downstream genes to elucidate mechanisms of C/EBPβ-dependent immunity, β-defensin 3 (BD3) was strongly downregulated in C/EBPβ-/- mice. These results highlight a key role for C/EBP in antifungal immunity mediated by IL-17.
Extracting Glosses to Disambiguate Word Senses

Like most natural language disambiguation tasks, word sense disambiguation (WSD) requires world knowledge for accurate predictions. Several proxies for this knowledge have been investigated, including labeled corpora, user-contributed knowledge, and machine readable dictionaries, but each of these proxies requires significant manual effort to create, and they do not cover all of the ambiguous terms in a language. We investigate the task of automatically extracting world knowledge, in the form of glosses, from an unlabeled corpus. We demonstrate how to use these glosses to automatically label a training corpus to build a statistical WSD system that uses no manually-labeled data, with experimental results approaching that of a supervised SVM-based classifier.
Political Economy, Sustainable Development, and Welfare Policy: Policy Framework for a Democratic Economy

This analysis of the current problems of the United States economy calls for a restructuring of economic policy into a more democratic economy, environmental policy, and welfare policy.
Cooperation and Conflict in the Evolution of Individuality. II. Conflict Mediation

Evolutionary transitions in the units of selection require the promotion of cooperation and the regulation of conflict among the lower level units. For multicellular organisms to emerge as a new unit of selection, the selfish tendencies of their component cells had to be controlled. Theoretical results indicate organisms may regulate this internal conflict and competition in several ways: by reducing the somatic mutation rate, by sequestering cells in a germ line and by directly reducing the benefits to cell of defecting.
Dynamics of a trilateral game of influence: Interactions between major powers’ foreign policy instruments and the behavior of weaker states

Since no work has been done to empirically test the impact of a bipolar structure on developing countries, this article serves as the first systematic attempt to operationalize the concept of bipolar competition. By using the case of U.S.‐Soviet rivalry during the Cold War period, we scientifically operationalize the concept based on the geopolitical approach to international relations. Also, since few works have tried to analyze the relative impact among the foreign policy instruments used by major powers—namely, arms transfers, trade, and economic aid—this article incorporates all of them to examine their relative impact, as well as that of the competition, upon the consensus between each of the superpowers and developing countries. Furthermore, it analyzes the critical link between the global system and foreign policy instruments by examining the mutual influence between the foreign policy instruments and the influence of various structural variables, such as the competition, upon the instruments. The ...
Modeling of slabs in seismic analysis of nuclear power plant buildings

Abstract Safety related nuclear power plant buildings are commonly represented as lumped mass weightless elastic beam stick models to determine their dynamic behavior under seismic ground motions. Implicit in this analysis procedure is the assumption that the floor slabs are rigid. This paper critically evaluates the slab flexibilities in typical power plant buildings and presents a practical approach to include these in the seismic analysis. Vertical as well as horizontal earthquake components are considered. Results presented include amplified floor response spectra for equipment qualification and design forces in floor slabs and the supporting walls. A satisfactory analysis procedure would consist of traditional stick model analysis to obtain overall seismic responses, force distribution by static analysis using suitable methods such as the finite element method and subsystem analysis to evaluate local amplifications, if necessary.
Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis GabR, an autorepressor and transcriptional activator of gabT

Bacillus subtilis GabR is a transcription factor that regulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism. GabR is a member of the understudied MocR/GabR subfamily of the GntR family of transcription regulators. A typical MocR/GabR-type regulator is a chimeric protein containing a short N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain and a long C-terminal pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-binding putative aminotransferase domain. In the presence of PLP and GABA, GabR activates the gabTD operon, which allows the bacterium to use GABA as nitrogen and carbon sources. GabR binds to its own promoter and represses gabR transcription in the absence of GABA. Here, we report two crystal structures of full-length GabR from B. subtilis: a 2.7-A structure of GabR with PLP bound and the 2.55-A apo structure of GabR without PLP. The quaternary structure of GabR is a head-to-tail domain-swap homodimer. Each monomer comprises two domains: an N-terminal winged-helix DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal PLP-binding type I aminotransferase-like domain. The winged-helix domain contains putative DNA-binding residues conserved in other GntR-type regulators. Together with sedimentation velocity and fluorescence polarization assays, the crystal structure of GabR provides insights into DNA binding by GabR at the gabR and gabT promoters. The absence of GabR-mediated aminotransferase activity in the presence of GABA and PLP, and the presence of an active site configuration that is incompatible with stabilization of the GABA external aldimine suggest that a GabR aminotransferase-like activity involving GABA and PLP is not essential to its primary function as a transcription regulator.
Computational Investigation of Dynamic Properties of Actin Networks With Crosslinking Proteins

Due to the increasing recognition of the role that force plays in biological processes, a new field, mechanobiology, has recently emerged. One aspect of this is the need to gain a physical understanding of the viscoelastic properties of the cytoskeleton. Numerous studies, both in living cells and in reconstituted actin gels, have been conducted, but important questions still remain. Of these an important issue revolves around the role played by actin crosslinking proteins (ACPs), and whether they undergo unfolding or unbinding under stress. This issue is complicated by the fact that single molecule studies show that both events occur within a similar range of forces, on the order of 20–100 pN.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Comparison of tensile loading and stress relaxation as probes of mechanical state

Abstract Two of the commonly used experimental probes of mechanical state have been compared. Stress relaxation and work hardening rates were found not to agree in establishing sameness or differences in state and its evolution. Two prestressing and two recovery histories produced four different initial states according to work hardening measurements, while only two different initial states were present according to stress relaxation measurements. These findings reinforce previous conclusions that more than one internal variable is required to define mechanical state and, in addition, indicate that more than one experimental probe may be required to identify variables and their evolution state completely.
Numerical solution of the time dependent neutron transport equation by the method of the characteristics

This study presents three numerical algorithms to solve the time dependent neutron transport equation by the method of the characteristics. The algorithms have been developed taking into account delayed neutrons and they have been implemented into the novel MCART code, which solves the neutron transport equation for two-dimensional geometry and an arbitrary number of energy groups. The MCART code uses regular mesh for the representation of the spatial domain, it models up-scattering, and takes advantage of OPENMP and OPENGL algorithms for parallel computing and plotting, respectively. The code has been benchmarked with the multiplication factor results of a Boiling Water Reactor, with the analytical results for a prompt jump transient in an infinite medium, and with PARTISN and TDTORT results for cross section and source transients. The numerical simulations have shown that only two numerical algorithms are stable for small time steps.
Flux synthesis of alkaline earth palladates

Abstract Single crystals of the ternary palladates SrPd3O4 and CaPd3O4 have been grown out of a potassium hydroxide flux. Small cubic crystals can be readily isolated from the soluble flux matrix and characterized by SEM and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both SrPd3O4 and CaPd3O4 crystallize with the NaPt3O4 structure and feature square planar coordination of palladium atoms. SrPd3O4 and CaPd3O4 crystallize in space group Pm 3 n (no. 223) with a =5.8120(7) A, V =196.33(4) A 3 , Z=2, R1=0.042, wR2=0.091 and a =5.7356(3) A , V =188.68(2) A 3 , Z=2, R1=0.034, wR2=0.076, respectively.
Traumatic Experiences and Juvenile Amenability: The Role of Trauma in Forensic Evaluations and Judicial Decision Making

The legal files of 144 juveniles charged as adults in one Pennsylvania county were reviewed to investigate whether trauma-related information was included in evaluations of amenability to treatment and how that information related to legal decisions to keep youth in criminal court or decertify them to the juvenile system. Potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) were noted in more than 71% of evaluations. Youth with any PTE documented were more likely to remain in criminal court, have more prior arrests, report regular marijuana use, and have mental health diagnoses associated with offending behaviors. Youth with direct (versus witnessed) exposure to PTEs were more likely to have been placed out of home and to be diagnosed with other mental health disorders. However, only 6% of the evaluations specifically recommended treatment for trauma-related issues, and documentation of PTEs was not associated with the ultimate legal decision except in cases involving severe injury.
Level structure of 58Co via 55Mn(4He, nγ) prompt γ-ray spectrometry

Abstract The level structure of 58 Co was investigated in some detail via prompt γ-ray energy and intensity measurements utilizing a NaI(Tl)Ge(Li) anti-Compton spectrometer via the 55 Mn ( 4 He, nγ) reaction with 4 He ++ energies in the range 7.5–12.5 MeV. Many of the γ-rays associated with levels in 58 Co were identified with the ( 4 He, nγ) reaction by means of nγ coincidence experiments employing an NE 213 scintillator as the fast-neutron detector and a 29 cm 3 Ge(Li) γ-ray detector. Characterization of many levels in 58 Co was achieved from γγ coincidence relationships established in on-beam γγ coincidence measurements in the 55 Mn ( 4 He, nγ) reaction at 8.00 and 12.50 MeV of bombarding energy employing a NaI(Tl) and a Ge(Li) detector. It was possible to observe the population of 28 excited states of 58 Co in this reaction. The levels at 1044.4, 1555.4, and 1757.6 keV have not been reported previously. The rest of the levels have been studied previously by means of (p, nγ), (p, γ), (n, p), (p, d), ( 3 He, d), (d, α) and ( 4 He, nγ) reactions. The present γ-ray decay information is used in conjunction with the results of previously reported ( 3 He, d) and (d, α) reactions to make definite Jπ assignments to some stripping levels and to place limits for the Jπ values for several other levels. When the level structure of 58 Co is compared with previously reported shell-model calculations, which included configurations of only lowest seniority, qualitative agreement for the first seven states is observed.
Family Reading Behavior and Early Literacy Skills in Preschool Children From Low-Income Backgrounds

This study investigated the family reading behavior of 233 preschool children from low-income backgrounds who were attending Head Start. Parents completed a survey of their family reading behavior, including Child Reading, Parent Reading Interest, and Parent–Child Reading Interaction, and provided demographic data on their educational level, parent and child age, and family size. Children's receptive vocabulary, story and print concepts, letter knowledge, and general emergent literacy skills were assessed in the fall of their preschool year. Analyses focused on the variation in family reading behavior, the relationship between different dimensions of family reading behavior, and the contribution of family reading behavior to early literacy skills. Results indicated that Parent–Child Reading Interaction and Child Reading Interest were significantly related to children's early literacy skills. In addition, multiple regression analyses indicated that Parent–Child Reading Interaction was a small yet significa...
Relation of body weight to development of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study.

Interrelationships between weight change, serum cholesterol, blood pressure levels, and the risk of developing coronary heart disease have been explored in 5,127 men and women who have been followed over 12 years for signs of initial development of coronary heart disease. Antecedent relative weight and weight gain after age 25 years proved to be strongly related to risk of angina pectoris and sudden death but were unassociated with development of myocardial infarction. An excess risk of angina pectoris and sudden death appeared to exist in obese men both with and without elevations of blood pressure and serum cholesterol, indicating an independent contribution of obesity to the rate of development of these manifestations of coronary heart disease. Unless accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and serum cholesterol level, obesity appeared to play a negligible role in women. Subjects with both these predisposing factors and obesity had a pronounced increase in risk, greater than that associated with e...
Burning of char/carbon particle in a periodic thermal environment

Etude analytique de l'influence d'un champ de temperature oscillant sur la vitesse de combustion d'une particule de carbone
The Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema: A Systematic Review of the Contemporary Literature (2004–2010)

Purpose A systematic review of the literature was performed to examine contemporary peer-reviewed literature (2004–2010) evaluating the surgical treatment of lymphedema.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC SHELLS BY THE MODAL SUPERPOSITION METHOD

The system of differential equations governing the analysis of rotationally symmetric shells under time-dependent or static surface loadings is formulated with the transverse, meridional, and circumferential displacements as the dependent variables. The thickness of the shell may vary, and four homogeneous boundary conditions may be prescribed at each boundary edge of the shell. The governing differential equations for each Fourier harmonic are obtained by use of Fourier series in the circumferential direction of the shell. Influence coefficients at each of the node points along the shell meridian are obtained for each Fourier component by employing ordinary finite difference representations for the meridional co-ordinate derivatives. With these influence coefficients, a set of homogeneous flexibility equations governing the free vibration characteristics of the shell is obtained and solved for the frequencies and mode shapes for each Fourier component. The solutions under time-dependent or static surface loadings and due to initial displacements and velocities are then obtained by expanding the solutions in terms of the modes of free vibration of the shell for each Fourier component. The solution for the total shell response is obtained by Fourier series summation. Solutions for typical shells have been found to be in excellent agreement with solutions by the method of temporal and spatial finite differences. Solutions for a parabolic shell are presented as an example. The solution is also presented for a published cylindrical shell example and is seen to be in excellent agreement with the published finite element method results.
CLOUD-CHAMBER STUDIES OF THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT "POSITIVE PARTICLES" NEAR NEGATIVE BETA-RAY EMITTERS

A series of experiments was performed with a cloud chamber to investigate the nature of the particles producing the positive tracks near negative beta-ray emitters reported in various investigations. Special emphasis was laid on the questions of whether the tracks are (1) due to electrons reentering the source and (2) due to electrons emerging from the source multiply scattered to show an apparent positive curvature. While the second possibility can account for only a negligible fraction of the tracks, it is found that, depending upon the source arrangement and the manner of investigating cloud-chamber photographs, a considerable fraction of observed "positive" tracks may be due to electrons which reenter or appear to reenter the source. With stereoscopic analysis and an appropriate source arrangement, the fraction of spurious positive tracks may be reduced to a few percent. With these precautions we find for ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$ a ratio of positive particles to electrons of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. This ratio is increased by covering the source with carbon or lead. It is shown that the estimate of two electron masses previously obtained for the mass of these particles by comparing their multiple scattering with that of electrons was not influenced by the difference in the momentum distributions of the two species of particles used in the determination.
Measurement of the Linear Coupling in the Brookhaven AGS

The magnitude and sign of the zeroth harmonic skew quadrupole component of the magnetic field at 28.5 BeV are determined by exciting the normal mode frequencies in part of the debunched beam present during a flat top extraction cycle. Simple rf excitation of the (9-Q) mode is employed. Filtered difference signals from pick-up electrodes are used to measure the frequencies and relative phases of the H and V oscillations. During acceleration when the beam is bunched it is kicked horizontally and the radial position adjusted until the coupled vertical motion in the (9-Q) mode reaches a maximum. Correction quadrupoles are then powered to minimize the observed amplitude. The magnitude of the coupling roughly tracks with the beam momentum. Saturation effects at high fields plus the powering of backleg bumps and tuning quadrupoles on the SEB flat top are possible sources of the somewhat larger coupling observed under these conditions.
Sagittal focusing of high-energy synchrotron x-rays with asymmetric Laue crystals, I: theoretical considerations

The ability of asymmetric Laue crystals to focus X-rays sagittally is demonstrated. The extent of such focusing is similar to that of sagittal focusing by a Bragg crystal, except for a factor related to the asymmetry angle. The anticlastic bending facilitates the use of inverse-Cauchois geometry in the meridional plane to provide better energy resolution and to increase the photon flux by an order of magnitude compared with traditional sagittal focusing with Bragg crystals. Furthermore, for sagittal focusing at X-ray energies above 30 keV, a Laue crystal is preferred to a Bragg crystal because the length of the beam's footprint on a Laue crystal, unlike on a Bragg crystal, is small and insensitive to energy. The conditions imposed on the asymmetry angle of the Laue crystal to achieve simultaneous sagittal focusing and inverse-Cauchois geometry in the meridional plane are derived for both single-crystal and double-crystal fixed-exit sagittally focusing monochromators.
Political Generations and the Contemporary Women's Movement*

Most traditional work by political sociologists conceives of social movement activity and politics as pertaining only to the public world and political activity as inherently masculine. Women are virtually invisible in these accounts. That the nature of political and social change is shaped by the organization of gender is a fact obscured in the conceptualizations typically employed. One such concept is political generation. Virtually no scholarly work has been done to analyze women in terms of political generations. Political generations are taken as sex-neutral phenomena with no hint that the organization of politics is based in the social organization of gender. Indeed, perhaps the major assumption of generational analysis, that generations are formed during youth and its accompanying period of rebellion and change, has not been subject to sustained scrutiny; this model may well capture the male, but possibly not, the female experience. Nevertheless, the generational model might be usefully applied to an understanding of the growth and transformation of the women's movement. When women are put at the center of inquiry, the notion of political generations takes on new meanings, and it raises questions about who, how, and when social groups come to experience similar perceptions and understandings of reality. This analysis begins with a selective summary of the assumptions and directions of generational analysis in social science. Contemporary media use of generational analysis follows with an eye to the ways in which media representation has shaped some women's movement dialogue. Feminist generational thinking is explored as it attempts to account for the history of the women's movements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and for the relations of young and old in the contemporary movement. Possible directions for further research and reformulation are suggested.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic summations.

Stimulation in cats of the hypothalamus in combination with reflex stimulation of the sciatic nerve or cutaneous nerve endings was used for the study of spatial summation of the sympathetic system with the nictitating membrane, the blood pressure and the heart rate as indicators. If subthreshold stimuli are chose they become effective in combination; if suprathreshold stimuli are used they produce effects which are greater in combination than the sum of the effects of the stimuli applied singly. When administered repeatedly at suitable intervals (temporal summation) they become increasingly effective. These summation processes may occur in all of the above mentioned indicators or in one only. The latter case proves the occurrence of aPartial activation of the sympathetic system.
Maxoid: transparently confining mobile applications with custom views of state

We present Maxoid, a system that allows an Android app to process its sensitive data by securely invoking other, untrusted apps. Maxoid provides secrecy and integrity for both the invoking app and the invoked app. For each app, Maxoid presents custom views of private and public state (files and data in content providers) to transparently redirect unsafe data flows and minimize disruption. Maxoid supports unmodified apps with full security guarantees, and also introduces new APIs to improve usability. We show that Maxoid can improve security for popular Android apps with minimal performance overheads.
The importance of treatment sequence in advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the breast

From 1965 to the present, 287 patients with advanced and metastatic carcinoma of the breast have been treated according to a uniform philosophy of sequential therapy. Surgical castration was the initial procedure for premenopausal women and for postmenopausal women with clinical or laboratory evidence of endocrine responsive tumors. Tumor progression following castration was treated with major endocrine ablation, either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. Patients who relapsed following major ablation were treated with antiestrogen therapy as it became available. Nonresponders to major ablation and patients relapsing after antiestrogen therapy were treated with combination chemotherapy including cytoxan, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and vincristine followed by adriamycin alone or in combination. Progression following chemotherapy was treated with additive hormonal therapy. Radiation therapy was used throughout for the control of localized disease, usually following complete hormonal ablation, except in cases of brain and spinal metastatic disease. The median survival for the entire group was 40.5 months from the onset of metastatic disease. Patients who responded to both oophorectomy and major ablation had a median survival of 61 months, which compares favorably to survival of 14 to 22 months reported in major combination chemotherapy trials. Survival following this method of sequential therapy is superior to other plans of management.
A recombinant human hemoglobin with anti-sickling properties greater than fetal hemoglobin.

A new recombinant, human anti-sickling β-globin polypeptide designated βAS3 (βGly16 → Asp/βGlu22 → Ala/βThr87 → Gln) was designed to increase affinity for α-globin. The amino acid substitutions at β22 and β87 are located at axial and lateral contacts of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymers and strongly inhibit deoxy-HbS polymerization. The β16 substitution confers the recombinant β-globin subunit (βAS3) with a competitive advantage over βS for interaction with the α-globin polypeptide. Transgenic mouse lines that synthesize high levels of HbAS3 (α2βAS32) were established, and recombinant HbAS3 was purified from hemolysates and then characterized. HbAS3 binds oxygen cooperatively and has an oxygen affinity that is comparable with fetal hemoglobin. Delay time experiments demonstrate that HbAS3 is a potent inhibitor of HbS polymerization. Subunit competition studies confirm that βAS3 has a distinct advantage over βS for dimerization with α-globin. When equal amounts of βS- and βAS3-globin monomers compete for limiting α-globin chains up to 82% of the tetramers formed is HbAS3. Knock-out transgenic mice that express exclusively human HbAS3 were produced. When these mice were bred with knock-out transgenic sickle mice the βAS3 polypeptides corrected all hematological parameters and organ pathology associated with the disease. Expression of βAS3-globin should effectively lower the concentration of HbS in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell disease, especially in the 30% percent of these individuals who coinherit α-thalassemia. Therefore, constructs expressing the βAS3-globin gene may be suitable for future clinical trials for sickle cell disease.
Simulation of hypervelocity penetration in limestone

A parameter study was performed to examine the (shock) damage obtained with long-rod and spherical mono-material penetrators impacting two varieties of limestone. In all cases, the impacts were assumed to be normal to the plane of the rock and at zero angle of attack (in the case of the rods). Impact velocities ranged to 15 km/s but most calculations were performed at 4 and 6 km/s and the penetrator mass was fixed at 1000 kg. For unlined underground structures, incipient damage was defined to occur when the peak stress, {sigma}{sub pk}, exceeds 1 kb (100 MPa) and the applied impulse per unit area, I{sub pk}, exceeds 1 ktap (1 kb-{micro}s). Severe damage was assumed to occur when {sigma}{sub pk} exceeds 1 kb and I{sub pk} exceeds 1000 ktaps. Using the latter definition it was found that severe damage in hard, non-porous limestone with spherical impactors extended to a depth of 9 m on-axis for an impact velocity of 4 km/s and 12 m at 6 km/s. Cylinders with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of 8.75 achieved depth to severe damage of 23 m and 40 m, respectively under the same conditions. For a limestone medium with 2% initial gas porosity, the lattermore » numbers were reduced to 12 m and 18 m.« less
Spin polarization of secondary electrons from amorphous 3d metallic ferromagnets.

It is shown that the spin polarization of secondary electrons from Fe-Ni-based metallic glasses (${\mathrm{Fe}}_{82}$${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{20}$${\mathrm{B}}_{20}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{44}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{37}$${\mathrm{B}}_{19}$) in the energy range of 10-20 eV directly reflects the bulk magnetization of the material. All samples show a strong spin-polarization enhancement at low secondary energy ( 10 eV). No additional structure is observed for these amorphous materials, contrary to single crystals where the spin polarization is affected by band-structure (low-energy electron diffraction) effects.
WaterFootprint on AgroClimate: A dynamic, web-based tool for comparing agricultural systems

We introduce a dynamic web-resource for estimating seasonal water footprints of agricultural production in the U.S. This tool provides a system-specific water footprint accounting that responds to changes in location, time, soil, and management. Modifications to an existing crop growth model were made in order to separate consumptive use of green and blue water; that is water from rainfall and water from a groundwater or surface water resource, respectively. This separation is an important distinction of water footprinting that allows for more direct assessments of impacts on water resources. The tool also provides a local water stress index, based on regional water use and available supplies, and it displays time series and cumulative rainfall during the period of crop production.
Examining the use of a structured analysis framework to support prospective teacher noticing

The ability to notice important events in a teaching situation and make decisions about these events is a key component of teaching well. Prospective teachers tend to notice more superficial aspects of classroom practice, such as class management. This article examines a video club in which four student teachers utilized the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) analysis framework to code each other’s lessons and to discuss their coding in facilitated group sessions. We found that participants became better able to notice important aspect of mathematics more generally and MQI components more specifically. They also adopted a less evaluative stance toward what they noticed. Finally, their self-reported beliefs and practices altered; they credited their participation in the video club for their attempts to incorporate more opportunities for students to engage with mathematical content and ideas.
CD44 regulates pancreatic cancer invasion through MT1-MMP.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest human malignancies due to its early metastatic spread and resistance to therapy. The mechanisms regulating pancreatic cancer metastasis are so far poorly understood. Here, using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, it is demonstrated that CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on a subset of pancreatic cancer cells, is required for the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the activation of an invasive program in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, the transcription factor Snail1 (SNAI1), a regulator of the EMT program, is a downstream target of CD44 in primary pancreatic cancer cells and regulates membrane bound metalloproteinase (MMP14/MT1-MMP) expression. In turn, MT1-MMP expression is required for pancreatic cancer invasion. Thus, these data establish the CD44–Snail–MMP axis as a key regulator of the EMT program and of invasion in pancreatic cancer. Implications: This study sets the stage for CD44 and MT1-MMP as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer, for which small molecule or biologic inhibitors are available. Visual Overview:http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/09/10/1541-7786.MCR-14-0076/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 9–15. ©2014 AACR.