cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CXCR3-dependent CD4⁺ T cells are required to activate inflammatory monocytes for defense against intestinal infection.

Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in orchestrating immunity to microbial pathogens, including the orally acquired Th1-inducing protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is associated with Th1 responses, and here we use bicistronic CXCR3-eGFP knock-in reporter mice to demonstrate upregulation of this chemokine receptor on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes during Toxoplasma infection. We show a critical role for CXCR3 in resistance to the parasite in the intestinal mucosa. Absence of the receptor in Cxcr3−/− mice resulted in selective loss of ability to control T. gondii specifically in the lamina propria compartment. CD4+ T cells were impaired both in their recruitment to the intestinal lamina propria and in their ability to secrete IFN-γ upon stimulation. Local recruitment of CD11b+Ly6C/G+ inflammatory monocytes, recently reported to be major anti-Toxoplasma effectors in the intestine, was not impacted by loss of CXCR3. However, inflammatory monocyte activation status, as measured by dual production of TNF-α and IL-12, was severely impaired in Cxcr3−/− mice. Strikingly, adoptive transfer of wild-type but not Ifnγ−/− CD4+ T lymphocytes into Cxcr3−/− animals prior to infection corrected the defect in inflammatory macrophage activation, simultaneously reversing the susceptibility phenotype of the knockout animals. Our results establish a central role for CXCR3 in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity, ensuring generation of Th1 effectors and their trafficking to the frontline of infection to program microbial killing by inflammatory monocytes.
The National D-Day Memorial: Art, Empire, and Nationalism at an American Military Monument

This study investigates the material origins and symbolic operations of the National D-Day Memorial in Bedford, Virginia as it has evolved over the past fifteen years. The study also analyzes the ideological myths of American nationalism underpinning this symbolic site of remembrance and national identity. The checkered success of this heritage site as well as its strange ideological role during the post-2001 global “War on Terror” have much to say about how art is used in different corners of empires to serve different political purposes.
Exploring the Functional Advantages of Spatial and Visual Cognition From an Architectural Perspective

We present a general cognitive architecture that tightly integrates symbolic, spatial, and visual representations. A key means to achieving this integration is allowing cognition to move freely between these modes, using mental imagery. The specific components and their integration are motivated by results from psychology, as well as the need for developing a functional and efficient implementation. We discuss functional benefits that result from the combination of multiple content-based representations and the specialized processing units associated with them. Instantiating this theory, we then discuss the architectural components and processes, and illustrate the resulting functional advantages in two spatially and visually rich domains. The theory is then compared to other prominent approaches in the area.
Protein hydration changes during catalysis: a new mechanism of enzymic rate-enhancement and ion activation/inhibition of catalysis

Abstract There exists a linear correlation between the effect of a salt on the rate of an enzymic reaction and its effect on the activation volume (delta V++) of the reaction. Salts that increase delta V++ invariably decrease the rate of the reaction, and vice versa. The salt effects on reaction rate are, however, much larger than would be predicted solely on the basis of pressure-volume work changes deriving from the observed alterations in delta V++. Different inorganic salts affect reaction rates and activation volumes in a manner that reflects the salts' positions in the Hofmeister series. These observations, taken in conjunction with data on the effects of salts on protein functional group (aminoacid side-chains and peptide linkages) hydration, lead us to propose the following hypothesis to account for salt activation and inhibition of catalysis. Aminoacid side-chains and peptide linkages located on or near the protein surface change their exposure to water during conformational events in catalysis. These protein group transfers are accompanied by large volume and energy changes that are due largely to changes in the organization of water around these groups. When these transfer processes occur during the rate-limiting step in catalysis, these energy and volume changes can contribute to the free energy of activation (delta G++) and the activation volume of the reaction. By influencing the degree to which water can organize around transferred protein groups, salts can modify both the delta G++ (rate) and the delta V++ of a reaction.
Buprenorphine and naloxone interactions in opiate-dependent volunteers.

Objective Sublingual buprenorphine appears useful in the treatment of opiate dependence. A combination sublingual dose of buprenorphine and naloxone could have less potential for parenteral use by opiate-dependent individuals. To estimate the abuse potential of a combination formulation, we assessed the parenteral effects of a buprenorphine and naloxone combination in untreated heroin addicts. Methods Eight healthy, opiate-dependent daily users of heroin were given, under double-blind conditions on four separate occasions, either (1) 2 mg buprenorphine, (2) 2 mg naloxone, (3) 2 mg buprenorphine and 2 mg naloxone combined, or (4) placebo as a single intravenous infusion during a 30-second interval. Opiate agonist and antagonist physiologic and subjective effects were measured. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results Buprenorphine increased opiate intoxication and relieved withdrawal. The buprenorphine and naloxone combination precipitated opiate withdrawal and was unpleasant and dysphoric in all subjects. Fifty percent of the subjects were unable to distinguish between naloxone alone and the combined medications during the first hour of testing. Conclusions The buprenorphine and naloxone combination has a low abuse potential in opiate-dependent daily heroin users. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 60, 105–114; doi:
Interpreting Signals With An Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance System

This paper presents an expert system that interprets seismic events. The general problem of signal interpretation is formally described. The system uses an assumption based truth maintenance system. The advantages of using this approach for this application are described.
Sexual selection and mate choice in evolutionary psychology

The importance of mate choice and sexual selection has been emphasized by the majority of evolutionary psychologists. This paper assesses three cases of work on mate choice and sexual selection in evolutionary psychology: David Buss on cross-cultural human mate preferences, Randy Thornhill and Steve Gangestad on the link between mate preferences and fluctuating asymmetry, and Geoffrey Miller on the role of Fisher’s runaway process in human evolution. A mixture of conceptual and empirical problems in each case highlights the general weakness of work in evolutionary psychology on these issues.
Martha Stewart Living and the Marketing of Emersonian Perfectionism

This paper proposes that perfectionism is an aspect of American popular culture through complex negotiations between commoditization, standardization, and efficiency. I focus on the centrality of h...
Input match and load tank digital calibration of an inductively degenerated CMOS LNA

This paper presents a technique for independently tuning the center frequency and quality of the input match for a CMOS low noise amplifier implemented using the inductive source degenerating topology. This technique allows for the input match to be centered to the desired frequency in the presence of process shifts and parasitic elements. The complete calibration loop is presented. The implemented calibration circuits allow for fast calibration, low additional power consumption during calibration, and negligible additional power consumption during operation. In addition, the center frequency of the load tank is tuned to match the desired center frequency of operation using the same calibration loop.
Detailed modeling of an isolated, ethanol droplet combustion under microgravity conditions

Simulations of ethanol droplet combustion in microgravity have been conducted using a transient, finite-element, reactive flow model that includes a detailed description of gas-phase chemical kinetics and transport as well as non-luminous radiation. The results of the simulations are compared with a wide range of experimental data available in the literature. The experimental targets included ground-based, suspended droplet experiments, drop-tower experiments, and space-based experiments from the Fiber-Supported Droplet Combustion-2 project. The presented model is shown to reproduce closely nearly all aspects of ethanol droplet burning phenomena, such as droplet burning history, average burning rates, radiative extinction behavior, and kinetics of water accumulation in the liquid phase. Both the experimental and computational results reported in the present study suggest that for ethanol droplets burning in air at 1 atm, the radiative extinction diameter has a value of ∼4 mm.
Artistic silhouettes: a hybrid approach

We present a new algorithm for rendering silhouette outlines of 3D polygonal meshes with stylized strokes. Rather than use silhouette edges of the model directly as the basis for drawing strokes, we first process the edges in image space to create long, connected paths corresponding to visible portions of silhouettes. The resulting paths have the precision of object-space edges, but avoid the unwanted zig-zagging and inconsistent visibility of raw silhouette edges. Our hybrid screen/object space approach thus allows us to apply stylizations to strokes that follow the visual silhouettes of an object. We describe details of our OpenGL-based stylized strokes that can resemble natural media, but render at interactive rates. We demonstrate our technique with the accompanying still images and animations rendered with our technique. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation - Display algorithms
Sarcoma and look-alikes: the important role of ultrastructural evaluation.

Due to the variable light microscopic appearance of sarcomas, a large number of neoplasms may need to be considered in the differential diagnosis in some situations. In difficult cases, the surgical pathologist must approach the differential diagnosis using ancillary diagnostic techniques and should do so in an orderly fashion, recognizing that arriving at the correct diagnosis is without a doubt the most important goal. It is also imperative to take into account the expense and time that may be involved in arriving to the definitive diagnosis, which could influence how the workup is conducted. Therefore, the most reasonable route to address the differential diagnosis in order to make a final solid diagnostic assessment should be taken. Whether immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytogenetics, and/or molecular diagnostics should be employed in a given case becomes the dilemma. In some instances a combination of the above-mentioned techniques is important not only to obtain an unequivocal diagnosis,...
Atomic-level simulation of current–voltage relationships in single-file ion channels

The difficulty in characterizing ion conduction through membrane channels at the level of individual permeation events has made it challenging to elucidate the mechanistic principles underpinning this fundamental physiological process. Using long, all-atom simulations enabled by special-purpose hardware, we studied K+ permeation across the KV1.2/2.1 voltage-gated potassium channel. At experimentally accessible voltages, which include the physiological range, the simulated permeation rate was substantially lower than the experimentally observed rate. The current–voltage relationship was also nonlinear but became linear at much higher voltages. We observed permeation consistent with a “knock-on” mechanism at all voltages. At high voltages, the permeation rate was in accordance with our previously reported KV1.2 pore-only simulations, after the simulated voltages from the previous study were recalculated using the correct method, new insight into which is provided here. Including the voltage-sensing domains in the simulated channel brought the linear current–voltage regime closer to the experimentally accessible voltages. The simulated permeation rate, however, still underestimated the experimental rate, because formation of the knock-on intermediate occurred too infrequently. Reducing the interaction strength between the ion and the selectivity filter did not increase conductance. In complementary simulations of gramicidin A, similar changes in interaction strength did increase the observed permeation rate. Permeation nevertheless remained substantially below the experimental value, largely because of infrequent ion recruitment into the pore lumen. Despite the need to apply large voltages to simulate the permeation process, the apparent voltage insensitivity of the permeation mechanism suggests that the direct simulation of permeation at the single-ion level can provide fundamental physiological insight into ion channel function. Notably, our simulations suggest that the knock-on permeation mechanisms in KV1.2 and KcsA may be different.
Data-dependent write channel model for Magnetic Recording

We propose a new channel model for the write channel in Magnetic Recording with Bit-Patterned Media. We study information theoretic propoerties of this channel and suggest a simplistic rate-1/2 coding scheme that achieves zero error. Based on this channel model, we propose a channel with insertion and deletion errors.
CAD for Military Systems, An Essential Link to LSI, VLSI and VHSIC Technology

Government involvement in the development of computer aided design (CAD) tools for electronic circuits has a long history. The advent of large scale integrated (LSI) circuits, going into the 1970's, pulsed the development of the "standard cell" and "gate array" design methodologies and supporting CAD. Despite these burgeoning technologies, little custom LSI technology found its way into military systems. Custom LSI was considered too costly and risky. Moving into the 1980's we find a vastly different Picture. DoD is closing the gap between fielded equipment and the use of advanced IC technology through the VHSIC and other VLSI technology insertion programs. The significance of this, is that CAD has become a critical technology and, as a result, is receiving considerable government funding.
Decline and Recovery of a High Arctic Wolf-Prey System

A long-existing system of wolves ( Canis lupus ), muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus ), and arctic hares ( Lepus arcticus ) in a 2600 km2 area of Canada’s High Arctic (80° N latitude) began collapsing in 1997 because of unusual adverse summer weather but recovered to a level at which all three species were reproducing by 2004. Recovery of wolf presence and reproduction appeared to be more dependent on muskox increase than on hare increase.
Polarization-independent liquid crystal phase modulator with a large phase shift and low operating voltage

A polarization-independent liquid crystal phase modulator with a large phase shift and low operating voltage is demonstrated. Two orthogonal liquid crystal layers are separated by two anisotropic polymer films which exhibit excellent molecular alignment capability.
Push-assisted migration of real-time tasks in multi-core processors

Multicores are becoming ubiquitous, not only in general-purpose but also embedded computing. This trend is a reflexion of contemporary embedded applications posing steadily increasing demands in processing power. On such platforms, prediction of timing behavior to ensure that deadlines of real-time tasks can be met is becoming increasingly difficult. While real-time multicore scheduling approaches help to assure deadlines based on firm theoretical properties, their reliance on task migration poses a significant challenge to timing predictability in practice. Task migration actually (a) reduces timing predictability for contemporary multicores due to cache warm-up overheads while (b) increasing traffic on the network-on-chip (NoC) interconnect.This paper puts forth a fundamentally new approach to increase the timing predictability of multicore architectures aimed at task migration in embedded environments. A task migration between two cores imposes cache warm-up overheads on the migration target, which can lead to missed deadlines for tight real-time schedules. We propose novel micro-architectural support to migrate cache lines. Our scheme shows dramatically increased predictability in the presence of cross-core migration.Experimental results for schedules demonstrate that our scheme enables real-time tasks to meet their deadlines in the presence of task migration. Our results illustrate that increases in execution time due to migration is reduced by our scheme to levels that may prevent deadline misses of real-time tasks that would otherwise occur. Our mechanism imposes an overhead at a fraction of the task's execution time, yet this overhead can be steered to fill idle slots in the schedule, i.e., it does not contribute to the execution time of the migrated task. Overall, our novel migration scheme provides a unique mechanism capable of significantly increasing timing predictability in the wake of task migration.
Plant selection for a pilot phytoremediation study at a former skeet range

A pilot phytoremediation project was conducted at the Mukluk site in Sprague, Connecticut, formerly a private skeet shooting range. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate if any plants can be effective lead phytoextractors for this site that has very high soil lead concentrations and low soil pH. Greenhouse screening of plants for lead resistance and accumulation using field soil was implemented as the initial step before the field installation. Herbaceous plant species with known lead phytoextraction capabilities included Indian mustard and blue fescue; a few willow clones with purported heavy metal resistance were also tested. Based on the results of the greenhouse experiments, blue fescue appeared to be sensitive to high lead concentration in soil, and only willows and Indian mustard along with various soil amendments were selected for the field installation. Indian mustard grew poorly in most of the treatments at the site except in the compost and lime treatment. Lead accumulation by this species was low in all treatments. In contrast, willows showed tolerance to very high lead concentrations present in the soil and were able to uptake and translocate lead into aboveground tissues. However, lead content in aerial tissues was low, and no change in soil lead concentration at the site was recorded post-harvest after one growing season. It appeared that highly unfavorable soil characteristics at the Mukluk site complicated the species selection, and no effective phytoextractors have been found for this location. These suggest that the feasibility of phytostabilization and possible production of biofuel from willow biomass on these types of sites should be further investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of recent chemotherapy in aorto-iliac aneurysm repair.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of recent chemotherapy (Chx) on outcome of aorto-iliac aneurysm (AAA) repair. The 2005–2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried to identify vascular patients undergoing AAA repair within 30 days after Chx. Seventy-one patients underwent AAA repair within 30 days of receiving Chx, group A (71 ± 8.4 years, 77.5% males) and 20,024 patients underwent AAA repair without prior Chx, group B (73 ± 9 years, 79.2% males). The two groups did not significantly differ with respect to open or endovascular repair (open repair A: 32%, B: 35%, P = 0.66). However, patients in group A presented more often as emergent cases (A: 27%, B: 12%, P = 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis for emergent cases after adjustment for relevant confounders also demonstrated that patients with recent Chx present more often as emergency (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 2.4). Thirty-day non-surgical complications were mor...
Myocardial NF-κB activation is essential for zebrafish heart regeneration

Heart regeneration offers a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure. Unlike mammals, lower vertebrates such as zebrafish mount a strong regenerative response following cardiac injury. Heart regeneration in zebrafish occurs by cardiomyocyte proliferation and reactivation of a cardiac developmental program, as evidenced by induction of gata4 regulatory sequences in regenerating cardiomyocytes. Although many of the cellular determinants of heart regeneration have been elucidated, how injury triggers a regenerative program through dedifferentiation and epicardial activation is a critical outstanding question. Here, we show that NF-κB signaling is induced in cardiomyocytes following injury. Myocardial inhibition of NF-κB activity blocks heart regeneration with pleiotropic effects, decreasing both cardiomyocyte proliferation and epicardial responses. Activation of gata4 regulatory sequences is also prevented by NF-κB signaling antagonism, suggesting an underlying defect in cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation. Our results implicate NF-κB signaling as a key node between cardiac injury and tissue regeneration.
Effects of Storage Conditions on the Total Aerobic and Yeast/Mold Bacterial Counts of Rough Rice During On‐farm Storage

ABSTRACT: Total aerobic plate counts (APC) and yeast/mold counts on farm-stored rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated as a function of sampling position within a bin, storage treatment (aeration technique), and storage duration. Rough rice (cv. Cypress) was stored for 15 wk and sampled at time 0 and at 4-wk intervals thereafter. No significant differences were found for either APC or yeast/mold counts between sample locations within a bin. The APC were significantly lower in all bins after 15 wk (p < 0.05) by 1.5 log cfu/g, corresponding to the temperature decrease of the rice in the storage bins. Yeast/mold data varied significantly over storage duration in a pattern similar to the moisture content data. Aeration treatment did not affect yeast/mold counts, but APC were significantly lower at 15 wk for rice from controlled aeration. Results indicate that storage efforts aimed at reducing grain temperature can reduce microbial loads.
EFFECTS OF CIGARETTES ON SALIVA CORTISOL LEVELS

We determined the effects of cigarette deprivation and smoking on saliva cortisol levels in the presence and absence of an operant, monetarily reinforced work task. Subjects were randomly exposed to the following four experimental conditions over successive sessions: no smoking, smoking, no smoking + work, and smoking + work. Measurements of cortisol levels in saliva were determined before and after each daily session. Saliva cortisol levels declined from the beginning to the end of sessions and the end-of-session saliva cortisol levels were not affected by any of the four experimental conditions. Increased cigarette smoking in the presence of the work task also did not affect saliva cortisol levels. Our data do not support: reports of increased cortisol levels as a consequence of smoking or theories relating cortisol and endorphin release to nicotine habituation.
Lumped Circuit Models for Degenerate Band Edge and Magnetic Photonic Crystals

Multiport circuit models are presented to emulate a new class of periodic anisotropic crystals exhibiting dispersion diagrams with degenerate band edges or stationary inflection points (SIPs). Specifically, a 4-port lumped circuit is introduced to model a partially coupled pair of microstrip lines known to emulate propagation in an anisotropic medium. A 6-port circuit is also presented to model three partially coupled transmission lines. Under specific coupling conditions, the latter circuit can support the SIP associated with the K-? curves of magnetic photonic crystals.
Functional Limitations and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Analysis of Older Mexican American Couples

Objectives. This study extends previous work on longitudinal patterns of spousal associations between functional impairments and psychological well-being in older couples in 3 important ways: By examining Mexican Americans, by considering a broader range of functional limitations, and by assessing the role of health status, social integration, and socioeconomic resources in these associations. Method. Dra wing on data from 6 waves of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1993–2007), we employed growth curve models to investigate the implications of the spouse’s functional limitations for the respondent’s age trajectories of depressive symptoms in older Mexican American couples. Models were run separately for husbands and wives. Results. The spouse’ s functional limitations were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in the respondent. Personal resources can both ameliorate and intensify the adverse implications of the spouse’s functional limitations for the respondent’s depressive symptomatology. The interplay among these factors can vary by gender and the type of the spouse’s functional impairment. Discussion. Future studies w ould benefit by examining caregiving patterns in older couples, by distinguishing between different dimensions of social support available to them, and by considering changes in couples’ marital quality and social ties over time.
Patterns of Alcohol and Drug Use Among Depressed Older Adults Seeking Outpatient Psychiatric Services

Objective: Alcohol and drug use and related problems may compromise depression treatment, and older adults may be especially at risk for poor outcomes. However, alcohol and drug use among older adults have not been studied in settings in which depression treatment is provided. This study examined the prevalence and clinical and demographic correlates of alcohol and drug use and misuse of prescription drugs among adults with depression seeking outpatient psychiatric care (excluding chemical dependency treatment). Methods: The sample included 154 older adults (age 60 years and older who scored ≥10 on the Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II] at intake). Participants also completed alcohol and drug use questions and the Short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test. Results: Recent alcohol and drug use, heavy episodic drinking, and history of alcohol-related problems were common. Alcohol use in the prior 30 days was reported by 53% of men and 50% of women. Cannabis use in the prior 30 days was reported by 12% of men and 4% of women; and misuse of sedatives in the prior 30 days was reported by 16% of men and 9% of women. In exact logistic regression, higher BDI-II score was associated with cannabis use (odds ratio=15.8, 95% confidence interval=2.0–734.0, exactp=0.003). Conclusions: Older adults with depression are likely to present for treatment with a range of concurrent alcohol and drug use patterns, including cannabis use and misuse of prescription medication. Clinicians should evaluate depressed patients for substance use and related problems and consider appropriate interventions.
A framework for combining fuzzy modifiers

The author previously (1993) presented QUAL, a logic for reasoning with modifiers related to fuzzy quantification, usuality, and likelihood. Within QUAL, one may express syllogisms like "Most birds can fly; Tweety is a bird; therefore, it is likely that Tweety can fly". A limitation on QUAL (as with any similarly conventional) formalism is that it does not allow for a formula to have more than one likelihood (or truth) value. Without this, it is not possible to represent a situation, for example, where one line of reasoning leads to "likely P", while another leads to "rather unlikely P", whence it is also not possible to prescribe a way in which these two likelihood determinations might be combined. The present work shows how this limitation may be overcome, by introducing the notion of a path logic. In path logics derivations are represented as being "situated in time." In effect, propositions are viewed as being derived one at a time. Different occurrences of the same formula in a derivation path become labelled as temporally distinct. By defining valuations on members of derivation paths, one may then have different occurrences of the same formula taking different likelihood values. Accordingly, the path logic serves as a framework within which one may formulate various methods of modifier combination, as well as various reason maintenance techniques. >
Replication Fork Stalling at Natural Impediments

Summary: Accurate and complete replication of the genome in every cell division is a prerequisite of genomic stability. Thus, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication forks are extremely precise and robust molecular machines that have evolved to be up to the task. However, it has recently become clear that the replication fork is more of a hurdler than a runner: it must overcome various obstacles present on its way. Such obstacles can be called natural impediments to DNA replication, as opposed to external and genetic factors. Natural impediments to DNA replication are particular DNA binding proteins, unusual secondary structures in DNA, and transcription complexes that occasionally (in eukaryotes) or constantly (in prokaryotes) operate on replicating templates. This review describes the mechanisms and consequences of replication stalling at various natural impediments, with an emphasis on the role of replication stalling in genomic instability.
Small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder

A fifty-seven-year-old woman with urinary bladder carcinoma with extensive areas resembling oat cell carcinoma of the lung in whom distant metastases developed, died seven months after diagnosis. Argyrophil cells could not be demonstrated, but electron microscopy demonstrated dense-core, membrane-bound intracytoplasmic granules. We reviewed 12 cases of epithelial neoplasms of the bladder from the literature in which there was ultrastructural evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. Cases with malignant histologic features, like their pulmonary counterparts, have the potential for widespread dissemination and rapid growth. We support the previous suggestion that these neoplasms may be of considerable incidence and their recognition is important to determine prognosis and selection of therapy.
The Victim in Historical Perspective: Some Aspects of the English Experience

This paper attempts to place the relationship between the victim, the harmdoer, and the state in historical perspective by concentrating on a formative period in English law—the 11th through the 13th centuries. Major focus is on the transition from one system, in which victims were seen as deserving of compensation, to a very different system, in which compensation was gradually supplanted by the support of the state. Two related themes—the emerging distinction between crime and tort, and the state's attempts to monopolize the prosecution of serious offenses—are also treated. The paper concludes that, while victims eventually lost the right to compensation, they gained the valuable advantage of being represented by the might and power of the state, a development that relieved them of the heavy burdens that were inherent in the compensatory system of justice.
Integrating Magnetic and Optical Nanotechnology for Selective Capture and Multiplexed Analysis of Rare Tumor Cells

The molecular analysis of disseminated tumor cells from blood or lymph represents an important diagnostic tool as metastasis is the primary cause of patient mortality due to cancer. Isolating tumor cells from blood is technically challenging due to the miniscule ratio of tumor cells to normal cells. Although RT-PCR and flow-based methods have been used for molecular profiling of the captured cells, it requires cell destruction and the loss of morphological information. Here, we present a combined strategy to isolate tumor cells with magnetic nanoparticles, followed by multiple biomarker analysis using targeted quantum dots (QD) nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles and QDs will allow efficient isolation and quantitative analysis of intact captured cells. Through this technology, patient monitoring and more effective and personalized therapy will be possible. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that the molecular profile of the cells is unaltered by the isolation procedure. Results from studies involving the isolation and profiling of cancer cells from human blood are presented.
Remastered and Remaindered: Debussy’s Music, Nat King Cole’s Song, and David O. Selznick’s attempt at High Art on a Low Budget*

With the 1948 film Portrait of Jennie producer David O. Selznick wanted to create the motion picture version of “high” art. By using the music of Claude Debussy as the basis for the film’s score, Selznick aimed for a score that would lend the movie the intrinsic quality of “great” art. Yet a closer look at decisions regarding music for Jennie shows how Selznick could not control the signifying process. Jennie thus provides us with an important site for understanding the complexity of musical signification. The use of Debussy’s music as the basis for the majority of the film’s score not only projects the image of “high” art, but also that of the banal. In opposite fashion, a “popular” song left out of the score, due to its supposed banality, through the years takes on a new kind of artful quality, achieving the timelessness that Selznick desperately sought for his movie.
On the Formation of the Tracheal Funnel in Anasa Tristis DeG. Induced by the Parasite Trichopoda Pennipes Fabr

The squash bug, Anasa tristis DeG., is commonly parasitized by a tachinid fly, Trichopoda pennipes Fabr. Within the body cavity of the host the parasite spends its three larval instars, the first of which may be found free in either the thoracic or abdominal cavity of the bug. Prior to the first molt, the maggot makes its way to the thorax, if not already there, and attaches itself to a tracheal trunk of the host with the result that its own tracheal system, through its posterior spiracles, has direct access to an adequate oxygen supply. Of 309 recorded cases, 304 were attached to metathoracic tracheae, on either the right or left side. The other five were connected to tracheae leading from the mesothoracic spiracles.
Up in the Air: directed by Jason Reitman, with screenplay by Sheldon Turner and Jason Reitman. Produced by Daniel Dubiecki, Jeffrey Clifford, Ivan Reitman, and Jason Reitman. Hollywood, CA: Paramount Pictures, 2010

Synchronization, routine procedures, and many destinations around the United States set the tone for an Omaha-based career transition counseling company that specializes in corporate downsizing. Up...
Self-Service Retailing of Meat

HE rapid expansion of self-service retailing of fresh meat since the war has aroused considerable interest in the food retailing industry and in marketing circles generally. While accounts vary as to the origin of the sale of fresh (not frozen) meat by self-service methods, most of the pioneering has been done in Southern California, in the environs of Los Angeles. With the perfection of self-service refrigerated cases in I941, some super market operators in that area began converting their meat departments to IOO per cent self-service operation in 1942. An unusually acute shortage of labor was the primary reason for the development in California.' By the Summer of I946, there were about twenty-five retail meat departments completely converted to selfservice operation in the United States,2
Effects of the Insect Growth Regulators Novaluron and Diflubenzuron on the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

Abstract The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is an invasive pest from China that causes economic damage to field crops, vegetables, and tree fruit. Due to its destructi...
Patientenverfügung und Vorsorgevollmacht bei Patienten mit erhöhtem Schlaganfallrisiko

Hintergrund: Patientenverfugung (PV) und Vorsorgevollmacht (VV) sind fur Patienten mit erhohtem Schlaganfallrisiko von besonderer Bedeutung, da Schlaganfalle plotzlich zu einem Verlust der Selbstbestimmungs- und Kommunikationsfahigkeit und lebenslanger Pflegebedurftigkeit fuhren konnen. Zielsetzung: Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es festzustellen, wie der Kenntnisstand und das Interesse bezuglich des Themas Patientenverfugung oder Vorsorgevollmacht in einer Gruppe von Patienten mit klar erkennbar erhohtem Schlaganfallrisiko einzuschatzen ist und wie hoch die Rate vorliegender PV und VV ist. Patienten und Methodik: Wir fuhrten eine Beobachtungsstudie mit einem Fragebogen an 100 Patienten mit erhohtem Schlaganfallrisiko und 20 Bezugspersonen (Alter median 70 J., 27/100 Patienten und 12/20 Angehorigen weiblich) durch, die sich in einer neurovaskularen Krankenhausambulanz vorstellten. Ergebnisse: Das Interesse am Thema PV und VV in der alteren Bevolkerung mit erhohtem Schlaganfallrisiko ist vorhanden: Die Mehrheit der Befragten (61 % der Patienten und 70 % der Bezugspersonen) hat versucht sich weitere Informationen dazu zu beschaffen und hatte im Anschluss an die Beantwortung des Fragebogens weitere Fragen. In keinem Fall wurde die Befragung abgelehnt. PV und VV waren bei 31 % der Patienten und 40 % der Bezugspersonen verfugbar. Kenntnisse bezuglich PV und VV, Schwere der Schlaganfallfolgen und Moglichkeit einer palliativen Therapie lagen bei 88 %, 100 % und 54 % der Patienten und 95 %, 100 % und 60 % der Bezugspersonen vor. 80 % der Patienten und alle Bezugspersonen glaubten, dass eine PV im Erkrankungsfall als bindend angesehen wird. Schlussfolgerung: Das Interesse am Thema PV und VV in der alteren Bevolkerung ist evident. Die Moglichkeiten, die eine PV und VV bieten, sollten mit allen Patienten erortert werden, bei denen ein erhohtes Schlaganfallrisiko festgestellt wird.
Hypsarrhythmia and its Variants

Objective To explore the clinical significance of electroencephalographic (EEG) hypsarrhythmia and its variants. Methods We reviewed case histories of 181 patients whose EEG manifested hypsarrhy thmia. Results Of the 181 patients, there were 109 cases of the West syndrome (60%), 60 cases of non West syndrome epilepsy (33%), and 11 cases with no convulsive history (6%). Among the 60 cases with non West syndrome epilepsy, 37 cases were complicated by cerebral organic insults and 21 by psychomotor retardation. The most common hypsarrhythmic variant was burst suppression (n=100, 55%), wherease typical hypsarrhythmia existed in only 74 cases (41%). Other common variants were periodic hypsarrhythmia, interhemispheric asymmetry, and increased interhemispheric synchrony. As sleep advanced, 43 cases with typical hypsarrhythmia changed into a burst suppression pattern. Conclusions Understanding hypsarrhythmia and its variants is important in the diagnostic evaluation of EEGs. [
Design and Research for Automatic Allocation and Compound of Dyestuff

At present tile automatic allocation and compound of dyestuff is a key technique for our dyeing industry. Here a new automatic system for compound or dyestuff is proposed. I n the system, a multi-phase control is introduced and studied in details. On i' study shows that the fuzzy auto-tuning PID control will be more suitable for the automatic allocation and compound than single PID or fuzzy control only and the test run mug results of the new system shows that our design is successful.
The 1999 NATO Intervention

This chapter examines whether the NATO air strikes against Serbia in an effort to prevent ethnic cleansing of Kosovar Albanians in 1999 resulted in accelerated formation of new rules of customary international law concerning humanitarian intervention. It was significant that the situation was unfolding just five years after the UN failed to take action to halt genocide in Rwanda. When Russia and China made clear that they would block the Security Council from authorizing the use of force against Serbia, NATO proceeded to commence a seventy-eight-day bombing campaign without UN approval. The near- universal consensus, however, was that the intervention was justified under the circumstances, leading commentators to label the situation “unlawful but legitimate.” The international reaction to the 1999 NATO intervention prompted the General Assembly and Security Council to endorse a new doctrine known as “the responsibility to protect” (R2P), which would authorize humanitarian intervention in certain limited circumstances in the future. In considering whether the NATO intervention and adoption of the R2P doctrine constitute a Grotian Moment, the chapter will explore the evolving meaning of the R2P doctrine. Historic Status of Humanitarian Intervention Since the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, state sovereignty has been regarded as the fundamental paradigm of international law. Leading scholars have described the prohibition of the threat or use of force in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter as “the corner-stone of the Charter system.” This prohibition goes hand in hand with the nonintervention principle enshrined in Article 2(7) of the UN Charter, which prohibits coercive intervention into the exclusively domestic affairs of a state.
The Image of God and Moral Action: Challenging the Practicality of the Imago Dei

This article poses a challenge to the assumption that all conceptions of the imago Dei are practical, meaning that they can coherently provide a guide for human action. The article identifies three criteria for practicality and applies them to two accounts of the imago, one in the thought of the twentieth-century theologian Helmut Thielicke, the other in the Roman Catholic tradition. It argues that Thielicke’s account of the imago, which forms the basis for what he calls ‘alien dignity’, fails to meet the criteria of practicality, and thus cannot serve as an adequate guide for action. In contrast, the account of the imago and human dignity in the Roman Catholic tradition does meet the criteria. This comparison, the article concludes, ultimately helps provide a means of assessing diverse theological interpretations of the imago and their value for supporting a morally useful conception of human worth.
Cloud Self-Organization and Big Data Applications

Computational science and engineering applications exacerbate the shortcomings of existing Cloud Resource Management (CRM) for Big Data applications. Significant enhancements of cloud infrastructure have been noticeable since 2010, when a comparison between the performance of HPCC applications on supercomputers and Amazon Web Services (AWS) instances was reported. Nevertheless, the 2016 AWS does not provide the best environment for data-intensive applications exhibiting fine grain parallelism. The relatively high latency and low bandwidth of a cloud interconnect are partially responsible for this state of affairs; the analysis of the Tensor Network Contraction, an application in the area of condensed matter physics, reveals that a better CRM could alleviate some of the performance problems due to the architectural limitations. Simulation results show that the solution proposed, a reservation system based on coalition formation and combinatorial auctions, can guarantee spatial and temporal locality thus reducing the communication overhead. The system is application-centric, with resources allocated exactly matching the needs of an application, rather than providing a limited menu of instances.
Learning Curve for Laparoendoscopic Single-Incision Live Donor Nephrectomy: Implications for Laparoendoscopic Practice and Training.

Abstract Background: The learning curve for laparoendoscopic single-incision live donor nephrectomy, which is technically more complex than the multiport, conventional laparoendoscopic approach, is unknown. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the learning curve of the initial 114 consecutive single-incision laparoendoscopic nephrectomies performed in nonselected live kidney donors. Results: Median donor body mass index was 26 kg/m2 (range 20–34). In all, 92% of the nephrectomies were performed on the left side; 18% of the recovered kidneys had multiple renal arteries. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis of operating time (OT) demonstrated that the learning curve was achieved after case 61. For the learning curve phase (Group 1 [cases 1–61]) vs the postlearning phase (Group 2 [cases 62–114]), the difference of the mean OT was 20 minutes (p = 0.05). Mean warm ischemic time in the donors was significantly longer during the learning phase (Group 1, 6 minutes; Group 2, 5 minutes; p =...
Ice crystal growth inhibition by peptides from fish gelatin hydrolysate

Abstract Ice crystal growth inhibition in an ice cream mix matrix and in sucrose solutions by peptides derived from alcalase (also known as subtilisin) hydrolyzed fish gelatin was investigated. Hydrolysis of fish gelatin at an optimum hydrolysis condition (i.e. 20% w/w gelatin solution treated with Alcalase at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 0.176 Anson units/g gelatin at pH 9.0 for 25 min at 45 °C) released peptides with maximum ice crystal growth inhibition activity. Fractionation of gelatin hydrolysate using size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography resulted in isolation of a cationic peptide fraction containing two prominent peptides having 1850.82 Da and 2036.88 Da molecular masses. This cationic fraction had the highest ice crystal growth inhibition activity. The amino acid sequences of these peptides showed no sequence similarity other than that they both contained –GTPG- and –GPP(OH)G-motifs and 3 to 5 hydroxyl containing amino acid residues. The results of this study supported the hypothesis that short collagen/gelatin polypeptides in the molecular mass range of 1000–2500 Da, regardless of their source, would have the ability to inhibit ice crystal growth in frozen systems. The results also suggested that the mechanism of ice crystal growth inhibition by gelatin peptides might involve three steps, namely, initial nonspecific electrostatic interaction of cationic peptides with the negatively charged ice surface, followed by structural realignment to optimally hydrogen bond with the oxygen-oxygen lattice on the ice surface, and stabilization of the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding in the peptide – ice crystal complex by a partial nonpolar environment created by neighboring hydrophobic residues of the peptide.
Analysis and Design of a High Performance Voltage Control Strategy for V2G System

This paper investigated the voltage control of V2G (Vehicle-to-grid) system in the off-grid mode. The control method based on voltage differential feedback and repetitive controller was proposed. The novel method based on Rectangular-Trapezoidal was proposed to implement differential discretization. An improved repetitive controller with a novel phase lead compensator is presented and leads V2G system good harmonic rejection, which exhibits very low THD in both linear and nonlinear load conditions.
Tau at the Crossroads between Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection.

In contrast to the idea that tau phosphorylation is toxic, Ittner et al. (2016) recently showed that specific tau phosphorylation is neuroprotective, phenocopying tau ablation (DeVos et al., 2017), thus highlighting the complex tau biology that underlies neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.
Alternative Medicine Approaches in Sexual Medicine

This chapter presents a brief overview of various alternative modalities that are currently being used worldwide as methods to enhance sexual performance. Included in this chapter is the practice of acupuncture or traditional oriental medicine, homeopathy, Ayurveda, and food as aphrodisiacs. The emphasis of the chapter is on the specialty of the author being acupuncture and herbology. Included in this chapter are original drawings of various sexual positions, which are based on the yin and yang energies and have been passed down from generation to generation of Taoist masters.