cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of alloy composition on one-dimensional glide of small dislocation loops in concentrated solid solution alloys

Abstract One-dimensional glide of loops during ion irradiation at 773 K in a series of Ni-containing concentrated solid solution alloys has been observed directly during experiments conducted inside a transmission electron microscope. It was found that the frequency of the oscillatory motion of the loop, the loop glide velocity as well as the loop jump distance were dependent on the composition of the alloy and the size of the loop. Loop glide was most common for small loops and occurred more frequently in the less complex alloys, being highest in Ni, then NiCo, NiFe and NiCoFeCr. No measurable loop glide occurred in the NiCoCr, NiCoFeCrMn and NiCoFeCrPd alloys.
Quantum Theory and Q-Methodology: Fictionalistic and Probabilistic Theories Conjoined

The close parallels between quantum and factor theories (Q) are outlined. Both theories are largely statistical. That self-reference was rejected in the Scientific Revolution is now being reconsidered, as in the Big Bang theory of the universe’s origin. History suggests the same, that a full structure for science should include the simultaneous claims for certainty and for certitude—the age-long frameworks for which are the fictionalistic and probabilistic respectively. The former (hypotheses-testing) led to expulsion of self-reference from Newtonian science; the latter (probabilistic belief) accepted nature and self as conjoined, as is the case for the Q-methodological approach to subjectivity, and as now appears to be the case for quantum theory and relativity. The main application to general psychology is considered in terms of Charles Spearman’s attempt to provide it with laws and functions, clearly outmoded by the shift to quantum and relativity theories. What remains is interbehavioral psychology, the subjective approach to which is Q-methodology, quantumized by factor theory.
Life cycle ownership cost and environmental externality of alternative fuel options for transit buses

Abstract This paper assesses alternative fuel options for transit buses. We consider the following options for a 40-foot and a 60-foot transit bus: a conventional bus powered by either diesel or a biodiesel blend (B20 or B100), a diesel hybrid-electric bus, a sparking-ignition bus powered by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and a battery electric bus (BEB) (rapid or slow charging). We estimate life cycle ownership costs (for buses and infrastructure) and environmental externalities caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs) and criteria air pollutants (CAPs) emitted from the life cycle of bus operations. We find that all alternative fuel options lead to higher life cycle ownership and external costs than conventional diesel. When external funding is available to pay for 80% of vehicle purchase expenditures (which is usually the case for U.S. transit agencies), BEBs yield large reductions (17–23%) in terms of ownership and external costs compared to diesel. Furthermore, BEBs’ advantages are robust to changes in operation and economic assumptions when external funding is available. BEBs are able to reduce CAP emissions significantly in Pittsburgh’s hotspot areas, where existing bus fleets contribute to 1% of particulate matter emissions from mobile sources. We recognize that there are still practical barriers for BEBs, e.g. range limits, land to build the charging infrastructure, and coordination with utilities. However, favorable trends such as better battery performance and economics, cleaner electricity grid, improved technology maturity, and accumulated operation experience may favor use of BEBs where feasible.
ShaVe-ICE: Sharing Distributed Virtualized SPMs in Many-Core Embedded Systems

Traditional approaches for managing software-programmable memories (SPMs) do not support sharing of distributed on-chip memory resources and, consequently, miss the opportunity to better utilize those memory resources. Managing on-chip memory resources in many-core embedded systems with distributed SPMs requires runtime support to share memory resources between various threads with different memory demands running concurrently. Runtime SPM managers cannot rely on prior knowledge about the dynamically changing mix of threads that will execute and therefore should be designed in a way that enables SPM allocations for any unpredictable mix of threads contending for on-chip memory space. This article proposes ShaVe-ICE, an operating-system-level solution, along with hardware support, to virtualize and ultimately share SPM resources across a many-core embedded system to reduce the average memory latency. We present a number of simple allocation policies to improve performance and energy. Experimental results show that sharing SPMs could reduce the average execution time of the workload up to 19.5% and reduce the dynamic energy consumed in the memory subsystem up to 14%.
Evaluating the Construct Validity of Sense of Belonging as a Measure of Landscape Perception

The construct validity of measures of sense of belonging to a recreational landscape is examined. The evaluation of construct validity emphasizes two concerns: (1) the empirical relationship betwee...
Molecular Profile of Advanced Thyroid Carcinomas by Next-Generation Sequencing: Characterizing Tumors Beyond Diagnosis for Targeted Therapy.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) for molecular diagnostics allows simultaneous testing of activating oncogenes and tumor suppressor mutations in multiple signal pathways. Extended mutational profiling of advanced thyroid cancers may enhance considerations for targeted therapies. We analyzed clinically derived molecular profiling of 216 patients with advanced thyroid carcinoma using NGS (Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine) from 4/2012-2/2014. We examined substitutions and small indels in 46/50 cancer-related genes using Ampliseq Cancer Hotspot panel in respect to tumor diagnosis and clinical correlations. Mutations were common in advanced thyroid carcinomas 154 (71%) predominately in targetable MAPK pathway (146/216, 68%), and several PI3K/AKT pathway (8, 4%; 6 as co-mutations). BRAF V600E mutation associated with papillary (94/139, 68%), poorly differentiated (4/39, 10%) and anaplastic (3/12, 25%) carcinomas. NRAS mutations occurred in follicular (5/12, 40%) and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (12/39, 31%). Tumor suppressor mutations (16, 7%) occurred predominantly in TP53 in Hurthle cell (2/5, 40%, the only mutation), in anaplastic (3/12, 25%), and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (4/39, 10%) some co-mutations and in papillary thyroid carcinoma (5/139, 4%) always a co-mutation. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma containing activating mutations who received targeted therapeutics showed improved survival compared to similarly treated patients without mutations in targetable pathways (p=0.02). In conclusion, MAPK pathway is the predominant target for therapy in advance thyroid carcinomas; adding NGS enables the identification of co-mutations associated with resistance (PI3K/AKT). Within poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the molecular profile may hold prognostic value in the era of targeted therapy.
Florida Epidemic Intelligence Service Program: The First Five Years, 2001–2006

The Florida Epidemic Intelligence Service Program was created in 2001 to increase epidemiologic capacity within the state. Patterned after applied epidemiology training programs such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epidemic Intelligence Service and the California Epidemiologic Investigation Service, the two-year postgraduate program is designed to train public leaders of the future. The long-term goal is to increase the capacity of the Florida Department of Health to respond to new challenges in disease control and prevention. Placement is with experienced epidemiologists in county health departments/consortia. Fellows participate in didactic and experiential components, and complete core activities for learning as evidence of competency. As evidenced by graduate employment, the program is successfully meeting its goal. As of 2006, three classes (n=18) have graduated. Among graduates, 83% are employed as epidemiologists, 67% in Florida. Training in local health departments and an emphasis on graduate retention may assist states in strengthening their epidemiologic capacity.
Buffering effects of general and medication-specific social support on the association between substance use and HIV medication adherence.

Abstract The success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among persons living with HIV is largely dependent on strict medication adherence. Recent research suggests that alcohol and other drug use (AOD) may be an important barrier to HAART adherence. In this study, we examined the impact of AOD on HAART adherence as well as the moderating effects of general and medication-specific social support. The data were collected as part of a longitudinal randomized control trial with 224 HIV-positive patients at an HIV primary care clinic in the northwestern United States. Findings indicated that AOD use was negatively associated with HAART adherence and that medication-specific (but not general) social support moderated the AOD-adherence association at 3 (but not at 6 or 9) months. Results indicate the importance of medication-specific social support to treat comorbid AOD use and HIV; implications for future research and intervention programs for HIV-positive AOD users are discussed.
Electromagnetic Control of Flow Distribution Between Parallel Ducts of Liquid-Metal-Cooled Blankets

The three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a pair of finite-length, parallel, equal-area square ducts, connected to single rectangular ducts upstream and downstream is examined. Each duct has a different liner with a thin sheet of metal that is in contact with the coolant and that is electrically insulated from structural walls and from other duct liners, except at the junctions. The objective is to concentrate most of the flow in one of the two parallel ducts by making its metal wall much thinner than that of its neighbor, so that its MHD resistance to flow is smaller. Flow ratios approaching ten are obtained with typical values of the wall conductance ratios, which are proportional to the wall thicknesses. The flow at the entrance is complex, with some flow entering the low-velocity duct and then returning to the entrance, where it swirls around the upstream edge of the common wall to enter the high-velocity duct. The balance between three-dimensional and fully developed pressure drops is investigated as a function of the distance between the entrance and the exit of the parallel ducts. 9 refs., 9 figs.
Abstract TP5: Mr Predicts a Reliable and Useful Tool in Identifying Benefit of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion

Background: The AHA/ASA guideline recommends endovascular therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours from symptom onset. Identification of the patients most likely to benefit (a...
Emancipatory Journalism: The African: The Journal of African Affairs, 1937–1938

The African: The Journal of African Affairs is the literary organ of the UESA. It was used to extend their mission and mobilize beyond Harlem into the wider African Diaspora. This chapter explores the structure and scope of the African, while demonstrating its similarities to Garvey’s Negro World and provides interpretations of numerous articles contributed in its early stages. The subjects highlighted are The African Publishing Company, Editors, Nomenclature, Literature, African History, and current news from Africa, the United States and the Caribbean.
Examining Healthcare Providers' Acceptance of Data From Patient Self-Monitoring Devices Using Structural Equation Modeling With the UTAUT2 Model

As wide-scale adoption by the market and consumers of ubiquitous devices or mobile apps that track fitness, sleep, nutrition, and basic metabolic parameters increases, it is vital to understand the attitudes of healthcare providers toward these devices. No researcher has previously examined how constructs related to technology acceptance have impacted healthcare providers' behavioral intention for self-monitoring devices (SMD). This was a quantitative, non-experimental study to examine SMD acceptance, intent to use, and other factors important to physicians regarding SMD. Statistical analysis of the data gathered showed that the second version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT2) constructs of performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and price value were positively associated with the behavioral intention of SMD by physicians while effort expectancy and social influence were not. Furthermore, social influence was associated with use, while performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and hedonistic motivation were not. Major positive implications of these findings include: contribution to the body of literature in the health information technology (HIT) arena regarding factors that influence technology acceptance and potential increase in the adoption of SMD among healthcare providers.
Centers with more therapeutic modalities are associated with improved outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Higher facility volume is correlated to better overall survival (OS), but there is little knowledge on the effect of facility treatment modality number on OS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004–2014 on patients with non-metastatic HCC. Treatment modalities assessed were surgical resection, transplantation, ablation, radioembolization, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), single-agent chemotherapy, and multi-agent chemotherapy. Facilities were dichotomized at the median of the listed treatment modalities. Results: There were a total of 112,512 patients with non-metastatic HCC. Of a total of 1,230 sites, 830 (67.5%) used four or fewer modalities. Average survival for patients treated at facilities using fewer modalities was 12.0 and 23.5 months for those treated at facilities with more modalities [hazard ratio (HR) =0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.53, P<0.001]. After adjusting for facility volume, liver function, tumor and patient characteristics and other prognostic factors in a multivariable Cox model, treatment at a multi-modality facility still provided a survival advantage (HR =0.60, 95% CI: 0.52–0.70, P<0.001). This benefit also persisted after propensity score matching. Sensitivity analysis varying the cut point from 2 to 6 modalities for dichotomization showed that the benefit persisted. Subgroup stratified analyses based on stage showed that the benefit in OS was highest for patients with stage I and II (P≤0.002) but was not significant for stage III or IVa. Conclusions: Institutions that offered more treatment modalities had improved OS for patients with non-metastatic HCC, especially for those with stage I and II.
Teamwork: Ion channels and transporters join forces in the brain.

Abstract Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels open in response to changes in membrane potential to permit passage of K+ ions across the cell membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. Sodium-coupled solute transporters utilize the downhill sodium gradient to co-transport solutes, ranging from ions to sugars to neurotransmitters, into the cell. A variety of recent studies have uncovered cooperation between these two structurally and functionally unrelated classes of protein, revealing previously unnoticed functional crosstalk and in many cases physical interaction to form channel-transporter (chansporter) complexes. Adding to this field, Bartolome-Martin and colleagues now report that the heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 (Kv7.2/7.3) potassium channel – the primary molecular correlate of the neuronal M-current – can physically interact with two sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters expressed in the brain, DAT and GLT1 (dopamine and glutamate transporters, respectively). The authors provide evidence that the interactions may enhance transporter activity while dampening the depolarizing effects of sodium influx. Cumulative evidence discussed here suggests that chansporter complexes represent a widespread form of cellular signaling hub, in the CNS and other tissues. This article is part of the issue entitled ‘Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters’.
Price Effects of Nonprofit College and University Mergers

Nonprofit colleges and universities have merged across the United States citing economies of scale and scope. Yet whether these mergers raise prices has not been empirically assessed. Using a retro...
Motor Trends: Effects of Era, Age, and Maintenance on Failure Rate

Effective reliability centered maintenance programs must strike a delicate balance to ensure system reliability, while also minimizing operational costs. As part of design and operational planning, the likelihood and onset of failures is often determined through statistical models using point averages of failure rates. However, a more detailed look at failure and maintenance data reveal useful trends. This paper presents several decades of operational failure and maintenance data for electric motors to show how failure rates change over time, how equipment age and preventative maintenance affect failure rates. Detailed failure data such as that presented in this paper can better inform design and operational considerations, ultimately improving reliability and minimizing operational costs.
Novel mTORC1 inhibitors kill Glioblastoma stem cells

Abstract Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the brain, with an average post-diagnosis survival of 15 months. GBM stem cells (GBMSC) resist the standard-of-care therapy, temozolomide, and are considered a major contributor to tumor resistance. mTORC1 regulates cell proliferation and has been shown by others to have reduced activity in GBMSC. We recently identified a novel chemical series of human-safe piperazine-based brain-penetrant mTORC1-specific inhibitors. We assayed piperazine-mTOR binding strength by two biophysical measurements-- biolayer interferometry and field effect biosensing, and these confirmed each other and demonstrated a structure-activity relationship. Since mTORC1 is reduced in human GBMSC, and as mTORC1 inhibitors have been tested in previous GBM clinical trials, we tested the killing potency of the tightest-binding piperazines and observed these were potent GBMSC killers. GBMSCs are resistant to the standard-of-care temozolomide therapy--but temozolomide supplemented with tight-binding piperazine meclizine and flunarizine greatly enhanced GBMSC death over temozolomide alone. Lastly, we investigated IDH1-mutated GBMSC mutations that are known to affect mitochondrial and mTORC1 metabolism, the tight-binding Meclizine provoked ‘synthetic lethality’ in IDH1-mutant GBMSCs. These data tend to support a novel clinical strategy for GBM, i.e. the co-administration of meclizine or flunarizine as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of GBM, and IDH1-mutant GBM.
Cost-Effectiveness of Biologics for Allergic Diseases

The introduction of specific humanized monoclonal antibodies over the past 20 years has dramatically changed the treatment of allergic diseases. At present, 5 mAbs are licensed for treating moderate to severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic spontaneous urticaria, chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Given the high costs of biologics, understanding their cost-effectiveness is critical. As new biologics are developed and new indications are approved for existing biologics, the use of biologics for allergic diseases will increase. Conducting cost-effectiveness evaluations in parallel to efficacy and effectiveness trials will help patients, providers, payers, and policymakers in decision making.
Exchange rate volatility and commodity trade between United States and Australia: An asymmetric analysis

Previous studies that assessed the impact of exchange rate volatility on Australian trade flows assumed that the effects are symmetric, meaning that if an x% increase in volatility hurts trade flows by y%, an x% decreased in volatility, boosts trade flows by y%. The new direction in the literature is to engage in asymmetric analysis, since the rate at which trade flows respond to increased volatility could be different than the rate at which they response to declines. We do this by assessing the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the Australian dollar–U.S. dollar exchange rate volatility on the exports of 230 U.S. exporting industries to Australia and 129 Australian exporting industries to the United States. We find overwhelming support for short‐run and long‐run asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility on both countries exports to each other. A few large industries that were not found to be affected by volatility symmetrically, they were found to be affected asymmetrically.
Effects of Applying Silicon Fertilizer on Lodging Resistance of Super Hybrid Rice

The lodging resistance and its related morphological and physiological characters in later growth stages of super hybrid rice were studied under three applying dosages (S1: 150 kg/hm2,S2: 300 kg/hm2,S3: 450 kg/hm2) of silicon fertilizer (Na2SiO3·5H2O) with Zhunliangyou 527 (B1) and Liangyou 0293 (B2) as the materials. The results showed that applying silicon fertilizer had an apparent effect on improvement of lodging resistance of super hybrid rice. Among three dosages,the medium one had the best effect. Compared with Zhunliangyou 527,Liangyou 0293 had a much better lodging resistance in all tested growth stages. From milk stage to ripening stage,the lodging resistance force of super hybrid rice decreased but their lodging index increased gradually. Decreasing plant height,biomass and dry matter translocation rate from stem and sheath or increasing dry matter weight of stem and sheath would be favorable to improving lodging resistance and lowering lodging risks in later growth stages of super hybrid rice.
Teenovate - Using Participatory Action Research to Create a Sustainable Teen Program Designing Adolescent Online Safety Solutions

Interaction design approaches should adopt to the unique developmental tension between dependence and autonomy during adolescence. We have worked alongside adolescents (ages 13-17) to plan “Teenovate”, a new project-based participatory action research program for the design of adolescent online safety solutions. Teen members will form relationships with researchers and allied adult stakeholders to tackle prominent adolescent online safety challenges through innovative design-based solutions and prototypes. Teenovate intends to empower teens to be equal contributors by teaching research and participatory design methodology as well as keep teens invested by allowing them to control some of the program’s operation to facilitate more equitable engagement with their own communities. Thus, we see an opportunity to participate in this workshop to discuss methods that expand the role of adolescents beyond co-design in ways that best apply teens’ drive and potential to create their own solution to youth-centered problems.
Clinical Development of Antibody-Fusion Proteins for Cancer Therapy

Antibody-fusion proteins are new, promising derivatives of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and some are being used for cancer therapy. Ongoing research efforts are increasing the repertoire and efficacy of mAbs and mAb-based molecules for the treatment of cancer. Antibody-fusion proteins use the antigen recognition capabilities of the mAb to target a tumor antigen, bringing the fusion protein into the tumor microenvironment. Depending upon what other molecule is fused to the mAb component of the molecule (such as other mAbs, cytokines, chemokines, and toxins), a variety of molecular and cellular activities can thereby be localized to the sites of tumor cells. In this review, we discuss different types of antibody-fusion proteins either in clinical trials or in development for multiple malignancies. We also discuss patient-intrinsic factors that affect therapeutic efficacy, including the inhibitory KIR repertoire of a patient’s NK cells and the affinity of a patient’s Fc receptors for the Fc portion of the mAb molecule. The level of sophistication of antibody-fusion proteins continues to increase with our understanding of patient-intrinsic factors that affect individualized responses to therapy. New and promising fusion proteins that overcome patient-intrinsic limitations are an exciting application of this technology.
The history of Herman Miller, Inc. and the nature of emergence: “Emergent all the way down”

This study examines the nature of emergent, self‐organizing systems in the context of the history of Herman Miller, Inc. This history informs our understanding of emergent systems on two levels: how the dynamic of emergent self‐organization informs our sense of the past; and how it informs our understanding of an emergent, self‐organizing future. This article also recounts a critical period in the development history of Herman Miller, Inc.
Concentration cascade of leading electrolyte using bidirectional isotachophoresis

We present a novel method of creating concentration cascade of leading electrolyte (LE) in isotachophoresis (ITP) by using bidirectional ITP. ITP establishes ion-concentration shock waves between high-mobility LE and low-mobility trailing electrolyte (TE) ions. In bidirectional ITP, we set up simultaneous shock waves between anions and cations such that these waves approach each other and interact. The shock interaction causes a sudden decrease in LE concentration ahead of the focused anions and a corresponding decrease in analyte zone concentrations. This readjustment of analyte zone concentrations is accompanied by a corresponding increase in their zone lengths, in accordance to conservation laws. The method generates in situ gradient in the LE concentration, and therefore can be achieved in a single, straight channel simply by establishing the initial electrolyte chemistry. We have developed an analytical model useful in designing the process for maximum sensitivity and estimating increase in sample zone length due to shock interaction. We also illustrate the technique and evaluate its effectiveness in increasing detection sensitivity using transient simulations of species transport equations. We validated the theoretical predictions using experimental visualizations of bidirectional ITP zones for various electrolyte chemistries. Lastly, we use our technique to demonstrate a factor of 20 increase in the sensitivity of ITP-based detection of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
FTC Bureau of Economics Roundtable on the Economics of Internet Auctions: An Executive Summary

On October 27, 2005, the Bureau of Economics at the Federal Trade Commission hosted a roundtable on the Economics of Internet Auctions. This one-day conference brought together academic experts, industry professionals and government economists to discuss and learn about Internet auctions. This paper is a brief summary of the papers presented and panel discussions at the conference. The conference covered three main issues: (1) fraud and information problems on consumer-to-consumer Internet auction sites like eBay, (2) competition between auction sites and amongst auction site users, and (3) the data generated from auction sites and what inferences may be drawn from such data. The keynote address was given by Prof. Hal Varian. Varian discussed the auctions used by Google to sell "keyword" searches.
Critical behavior of two- and three-dimensional ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-ice systems using the effective-field renormalization group technique

In this work we generalize and subsequently apply the Effective Field Renormalization Group technique to the problem of ferro- and antiferromagnetically coupled Ising spins with local anisotropy axes in geometrically frustrated geometries (kagome and pyrochlore lattices). In this framework, we calculate the various ground states of these systems and the corresponding critical points. Excellent agreement is found with exact and Monte Carlo results. The effects of frustration are discussed. As pointed out by other authors, it turns out that the spin ice model can be exactly mapped to the standard Ising model but with effective interactions of the opposite sign to those in the original Hamiltonian. Therefore, the ferromagnetic spin ice is frustrated, and does not order. Antiferromagnetic spin ice (in both 2 and 3 dimensions), is found to undergo a transition to a long range ordered state. The thermal and magnetic critical exponents for this transition are calculated. It is found that the thermal exponent is that of the Ising universality class, whereas the magnetic critical exponent is different, as expected from the fact that the Zeeman term has a different symmetry in these systems. In addition, the recently introduced Generalized Constant Coupling method is also applied to the calculation of the critical points and ground state configurations. Again, a very good agreement is found with both exact, Monte Carlo, and renormalization group calculations for the critical points. Incidentally, we show that the generalized constant coupling approach can be regarded as the lowest order limit of the EFRG technique, in which correlations outside a frustrated unit are neglected, and scaling is substituted by strict equality of the thermodynamic quantities.
Case Study In Operations Management

This case study is conducted within the context of the Theory of Constraints. The field research reported in this document contains information specific to the telecommunications industry. An examination of the history, organization design, problems and solutions for one telecommunications company are undertaken from the perspective of academic work in the Theory of Constraints. The information included in this document was developed through interviews with four senior managers including the President, the Chief Technology Officer, a Vice President and a department manager. Their responses were the basis of identifying problems and undesirable effects. The undesirable effects were diagramed in six UDE clouds dealing with the following issues: 1- unclear vision from management to employees; 2- supplier; 3- market; 4- the price and regulation environment; 5production; and 6- bureaucracy. These undesirable effects were logically examined until a single cloud depicting the core conflict was found. This core conflict is the company cannot simultaneously choose to make money over time through both conducting business as usual, and through means that are adapted to the environment and customer needs. Solutions tried to date by the company are explained. These solutions are reviewed from both and internal and external perspective. Alternative solutions are examined, as are obstacles to reaching the desired state. The case concludes with thoughts on the future desired state.
Detecting blackhole attacks in Disruption-Tolerant Networks through packet exchange recording

The Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are especially useful in providing mission critical services such as in emergency networks or battlefield scenarios. However, DTNs are vulnerable to insider attacks, in which the legitimate nodes are compromised and the adversary nodes launch blackhole attacks by dropping packets in the networks. The traditional approaches of securing routing protocols can not address such insider attacks in DTNs. In this paper, we propose a method to secure the history records of packet delivery information at each contact so that other nodes can detect insider attacks by analyzing these packet delivery records. We evaluated our approach through extensive simulations using both Random Way Point and Zebranet mobility models. Our results show that our method can detect insider attacks efficiently with high detection rate and low false positive rate.
Fusidic-acid-resistant staphylococci.

Penicillin-resistant staphylococci were examined to determine the spontaneous mutation frequency of resistance to antistaphylococcal antibiotics including fusidic acid, cephalothin and lincomycin. Fusidic-acid-resistant mutants were obtained about twenty times more frequently than cephalothin-resistant mutants and about one hundred times more frequently than lincomycin-resistant mutants. Among the fusidic-acid-resistant mutants, ninety-seven per cent were resistant to 20 μg/ml and thirty percent to 100 μg/ml of the drug. The fusidic-acid-resistant mutants had prolonged generation times not related to the level of drug resistance. Cross-resistance between fusidic acid and cephalothin and between lincomycin and erythromycin was detected. Preliminary evidence was presented indicating that fusidic-acid-resistant mutants inactivate fusidic acid to a greater extent than sensitive cells.
The general purpose 1 GeV/ c separated beam at the Argonne ZGS

Abstract The design and operation of a separated low-momentum beam are discussed. In the normal operating mode, the beam acceptance is calculated to be 21 msr % ΔP/Pat 1 GeV/c. At 0.8 GeV/c, enriched fluxes of 2940 K− or 16390 K+ are expecte d for 1011 12.3 GeV/c incident protons, while 420 p are expected at 1 GeV/c. In the reversed-polarity operating mode, the maximum beam acceptance is calculated to be 15.2 msr % ΔP/P; excellent momentum resolution is available in pion and proton beams which are run in this mode. Results on actual beam operation indicate that the beam operates as predicted, with the exception of separator rejection factors.
Characterization of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) expression and activity in the female mouse ovary.

GnRH agonists (GnRHa) are increasingly used for fertility preservation in women undergoing gonadotoxic chemotherapy. However, the protective mechanisms of action for these compounds have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether GnRHa have a direct effect on ovarian granulosa cells. GnRH receptor (GnRHR) expression was determined in mouse somatic and gonadal tissues including granulosa/cumulus cells and oocytes using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Granulosa cells were isolated from mouse ovaries primed with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Response to GnRHa in cultured granulosa cells was assessed by determining the increase of intracellular cAMP and by assessing phosphorylation of downstream mediators of GnRH signaling: ERK and p38. To measure intracellular cAMP in our system, the cells were transfected with a cAMP-responsive luciferase reporter plasmid and stimulated with GnRHa. For all experiments, pituitary tissue and/or the αT3–1 mouse pituitary cell line were used as controls. GnRHR mRNA and protein were detected in mouse ovaries, granulosa/cumulus cells, and oocytes. After GnRHa stimulation at various time intervals, we were unable to detect a cAMP increase or activation of the ERK or p38 signaling pathway in cultured primary mouse granulosa cells, whereas activation was detected in the control αT3–1 mouse pituitary cells. In this study, we have not detected activation of the canonical GnRH signaling pathways in mouse ovarian somatic cells. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of action of GnRHa in the ovary is either below the detection level of our experimental design or is different from that in the pituitary.
Dynamic mechanical properties of viable human cortical bone

Abstract A technique has been developed that permits the mechanical modulus in tension to be determined upon viable human cortical bone specimens. This technique includes the use of: 1. 1. A rapid, sterile excision procedure that yields specimens with finished dimensions suitable for test. 2. 2. A portable incubator to maintain specimen viability until testing. 3. 3. A miniature dynamic tensile testing device, maintained in a controlled temperature/humidity enclosure to promote continued specimen viability. Specimens were excised from the tibial midshafts of eight patients immediately after amputation for various causes. The effective mechanical modulus in tension was determined along the fiber axis at 37·5°C for frequencies between 35·4 and 353·6 Hz and at strains below 0·3 per cent. At least one specimen was demonstrated to be viable after test by tissue culture techniques. Elastic moduli were found to vary between 6·35 and 10·0 × 10 9 (N/m 2 ) at 35·4 Hz, increasing to a range of 12·1–14·9 × 10 9 (N/m 2 ) at 353·6 Hz. Correlations with patients' age and ash weight per cent of the specimens are also discussed.
The Outsider on the Court

Drawing upon some seminal works on the U.S. Senate, which described a type of nonconformist known as an "Outsider" or maverick, this study operationally defines component dimensions of such a role and identifies several justices on state supreme courts as fitting that role. A number of background variables--such as political party affiliation, prior academic, political, or judicial experience, age, and initial means of accession to the bench--did not significantly distinguish Outsiders from their mainstream colleagues. It is more likely that explanation of maverick behavior may be revealed through exploration of personality variables.
Right Ventricular Dilation in Primary Amyloidosis: An Independent Predictor of Survival

This study was designed to characterize the geometry and function of the right ventricle and its prognostic significance in patients with primary (AL) cardiac amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis is an infiltrative systemic disease that can result in thickening of heart structures and rapidly progressive congestive heart failure due to restrictive ventricular physiology and eventual systolic dysfunction. Thirty-seven patients with AL amyloid heart involvement and 20 normal control subjects were evaluated using 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Based on the ratio of left-to-right end-diastolic ventricular chamber areas, patients were classified into 2 groups: 25 patients with disproportionate right ventricular (RV) dilation (left ventricular to RV ratio 2. Patients with a relatively dilated right ventricle (ratio 2 (10 months, p <0.003). Of multiple clinical, echocardiographic, and Doppler features entered into a multifactorial model, a ventricular area ratio < or = 2 remained the only independent predictor of survival. Patients with AL amyloid heart disease represent a heterogeneous population with regard to both prognosis and the relative degree of right to left ventricular dilation. RV dilation in patients with amyloid heart disease appears to be associated with more severe involvement and is associated with a very poor prognosis with a median survival of only 4 months.
Catalytic Polymerization and Facile Grafting of Poly(furfuryl alcohol) to Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube: Preparation of Nanocomposite Carbon

A nanocomposite carbon was prepared by grafting a carbonizable polymer, poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), to a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT). The SWNT was first functionalized with arylsulfonic acid groups on the sidewall via a method using a diazonium reagent. Both Raman and FTIR spectroscopies were used to identify the functional groups on the nanotube surface. HRTEM imaging shows that the SWNT bundles are exfoliated after functionalization. Once this state of the SWNTs was accomplished, the PFA-functionalized SWNT (PFA-SWNT) was prepared by in situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol (FA). The sulfonic acid groups on the surface of the SWNT acted as a catalyst for FA polymerization, and the resulting PFA then grafted to the SWNTs. The surfaces of the SWNTs converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when they were wrapped with PFA. The formation of the polymer and the attraction between it and the sulfonic acid groups were confirmed by IR spectra. A nanocomposite carbon was generated by heating the PFA-S...
Geographic limitations in the movement of Deep‐Draft tankers between the Indian and pacific oceans

Abstract The need to move increasing volumes of petroleum over long distances has stimulated the construction of a large fleet of tankers of unprecedented dimensions. The extraordinarily deep drafts of these ships have necessitated a reevaluation of the extent of navigable ocean. Because some major shipping lanes are closed to their movement, alternative routes have developed. For this study, hydrographic charts of the passages between the Indian and Pacific oceans were examined in detail and special purpose maps were constructed. The patterns illustrate the categories of negative ocean, open ocean, and ocean conditional for the movement of deep‐draft ships. Actual and potential routeways for deep‐draft ships past Southeast Asia are identified and the limitations of the Malacca/Singapore straits are described in greater detail.
Uptake of 3H-norepinephrine in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum of the chicken throughout the lifespan

Abstract The uptake of 3 H-norepinephrine ( 3 H-NE) was studied from slices of cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum removed from chick embryos and from chicks at various ages after hatching up to 3 years. In the cerebral hemispheres accumulation of 3 H-NE markedly and progressively increased from 10 days of embryonic age up to 3 months after hatching, remained at this level up to 1 year and progressively declined thereafter and by 3 years, reached that of embryonic levels. In contrast, 3 H-NE accumulation in the cerebellum reached a high level by 20 days of embryonic age and remained at this level until 3 years posthatching. Cocaine (an inhibitor of neuronal uptake mechanisms) markedly inhibited accumulation of 3 H-NE in both central nervous system (CNS) tissues at all ages studied. Reserpine (an inhibitor of uptake of NE into storage granules) inhibited accumulation of NE in the cerebral hemispheres after 15 days of embryonic age; whereas in the cerebellum inhibition of 3 H-NE accumulation by reserpine was present at 15 days of embryonic age. It appears from these findings that with aging noradrenergic function declines in the cerebral hemispheres whereas it remains active in the cerebellum.
Bi-level optimization for risk-based regional hurricane evacuation planning

Almost all engineering evacuation models define the objective as minimizing the time required to clear the region or total travel time, thus making an implicit assumption that who will or should evacuate is known. Conservatively evacuating everyone who may be affected may be the best strategy for a given storm, but there is a growing recognition that in some places that strategy is no longer viable and in any case, may not be the best alternative by itself. Here, we introduce a new bi-level optimization that reframes the decision more broadly. The upper level develops an evacuation plan that describes, as a hurricane approaches, who should stay and who should leave and when, so as to minimize both risk and travel time. The lower level is a dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) traffic assignment model. The model includes four novel features: (1) it refocuses the decision on the objectives of minimizing both risk and travel time; (2) it allows direct comparison of more alternatives, including for the first time, sheltering-in-place; (3) it uses a hurricane-scenario-based analysis that explicitly represents the critically important uncertainty in hurricane track, intensity, and speed; and (4) it includes a new DUE algorithm that is efficient enough for full-scale hurricane evacuation applications. The model can be used both to provide an evacuation plan and to evaluate a plan’s performance in terms of risk and travel time, assuming the plan is implemented and a specified hurricane scenario then actually occurs. We demonstrate the model with a full-scale case study for Eastern North Carolina.
On the Theology of Worship and of Its Music

In 1997, Blessed Pope John Paul II gave an address to a group of French bishops in which he argued that liturgical music, as an integral part of the Church’s solemn liturgy, itself partakes of the four ‘notes’ of the Church: one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. Pope John Paul’s reflections on these ecclesiological characteristics of church music find an echo in some of the writings of the then Cardinal Ratzinger on the subject of music in the liturgy. A Thomistic approach to the theology of worship and its music emphasizes the connection between truth, beauty, and inspiration. This connection is drawn out in Pope John Paul’s 1997 address, and also in Pope Benedict XVI’s Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis (2007). Furthermore, it is Christ, the word and image of the Father, who acts in the liturgy; thus, the Eucharist functions as an image of the heavenly liturgy, and our liturgical music must be ‘harmonized’ with the music of heaven. Some comments of Pope Benedict on ‘fundamental’ and ‘superficial’...
New shuttle vectors for Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli: P15A-derived plasmids replicate in H. influenzae Rd

With the aim of identifying new plasmids useful for molecular cloning in Haemophilus influenzae, several P15A-derived plasmids were tested for their ability to transform H. influenzae Rd. The four plasmids tested, pACYC177, pACYC184, pSU2718, and pSU2719 were all able to establish in H. influenzae Rd. The plasmids were stable, could be purified by standard protocols, and were compatible with a plasmid carrying the RSF0885 origin of replication.
Myogenic lineage determination and differentiation: Evidence for a regulatory gene pathway

Stable myogenic cell lines have been derived at a high frequency by transfection of a cloned multipotential mouse embryo cell line, C3H 10T1/2, with cloned human DNA linked to a selectable neomycin resistance gene. The myogenic phenotype remains linked to neomycin resistance during secondary transfections. Although proliferative in growth conditions, these cell lines maintain the ability to differentiate and express muscle-specific proteins. We conclude that there is a simple genetic basis for myogenic determination and that a single gene, myd, converts 10T1/2 cells to a myoblast lineage. Southern blot analysis demonstrates nonidentity of myd and the MyoD1 gene. Northern blot analysis shows that myd-transfected myogenic lineages express MyoD1 mRNA while parental 10T1/2 cells do not. These results suggest that a dependent regulatory gene pathway mediates myogenic determination and differentiation.
Aerodynamic Design Optimization Studies of a Blended-Wing-Body Aircraft

The blended wing body is an aircraft configuration that has the potential to be more efficient than conventional large transport aircraft configurations with the same capability. However, the design of the blended wing is challenging due to the tight coupling between aerodynamic performance, trim, and stability. Other design challenges include the nature and number of the design variables involved, and the transonic flow conditions. To address these issues, a series of aerodynamic shape optimization studies using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics with a Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is performed. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is used in conjunction with a discrete adjoint method that computes the derivatives of the aerodynamic forces. A total of 273 design variables—twist, airfoil shape, sweep, chord, and span—are considered. The drag coefficient at the cruise condition is minimized subject to lift, trim, static margin, and center plane bending moment constraints. ...
The Black and the White: the Use of Dualities in Etulo Historical Thought

Nigeria. Les Etalo ont un roi sacre, l'Otse-Etulo, et une serie de personnages titres, les Ato-Otse, qui se subdivisent en deux categories, l'une symbolisee par la couleur blanche, l'autre par la couleur noire (les Ato ozi be, au nombre de six), ces couleurs marquant aussi la dualite terre-ciel