cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Whey Solubles as a Source of Growth Factors in Chick Rations

Abstract HAUGE and Carrick (1926) were the first to present evidence that a growth-promoting factor, later known as vitamin G, is required by poultry in addition to vitamin B1. Norris et al. (1930) and Bethke et al. (1931), using a milk vitamin concentrate as a source of vitamin G, confirmed the findings of Hauge and Carrick. Heiman (1935) found that one pound of dried whey was very nearly equivalent to 1.5 pounds of dried skimmilk. Other work on the vitamin B complex requirement of chicks has been reported by Heuser, Wilgus, and Norris (1938), Hunt, Winter, and Bethke (1939), Carter and O’Brien (1939), Jukes (1939), Hegsted, Oleson, Elvehjem, and Hart (1940), Widaman (1940), Carrick et al. (1940), and others. EXPERIMENTAL These experiments were conducted to find the supplementing value of whey solubles on a basal ration consisting largely of ground yellow corn and expeller process soybean oil meal. Whey solubles consists . . .
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of a Molecular Motor Ensemble

If, contrary to conventional models of muscle, it is assumed that molecular forces equilibrate among rather than within molecular motors, an equation of state and an expression for energy output can be obtained for a near-equilibrium, coworking ensemble of molecular motors. These equations predict clear, testable relationships between motor structure, motor biochemistry, and ensemble motor function, and we discuss these relationships in the context of various experimental studies. In this model, net work by molecular motors is performed with the relaxation of a near-equilibrium intermediate step in a motor-catalyzed reaction. The free energy available for work is localized to this step, and the rate at which this free energy is transferred to work is accelerated by the free energy of a motor-catalyzed reaction. This thermodynamic model implicitly deals with a motile cell system as a dynamic network (not a rigid lattice) of molecular motors within which the mechanochemistry of one motor influences and is influenced by the mechanochemistry of other motors in the ensemble.
Verify results of network intrusion alerts using lightweight protocol analysis

We propose a method to verify the result of attacks detected by signature-based network intrusion detection systems using lightweight protocol analysis. The observation is that network protocols often have short meaningful status codes saved at the beginning of server responses upon client requests. A successful intrusion that alters the behavior of a network application server often results in an unexpected server response, which does not contain the valid protocol status code. This can be used to verify the result of the intrusion attempt. We then extend this method to verify the result of attacks that still generate valid protocol status code in the server responses. We evaluate this approach by augmenting Snort signatures and testing on real world data. We show that some simple changes to Snort signatures can effectively verify the result of attacks against the application servers, thus significantly improve the quality of alerts
Generating Costas Arrays to Order 200

Number-theoretic generators of Costas arrays and generalizations in the literature and some presented here produce 526,908 of the known 663,703 known Costas arrays for orders up to 200. For orders higher than seven, there are more Costas arrays than the generators produce. A spin generalization is observed to find new Costas arrays for orders up to about 50, but none of higher order. This, and early work on the occurrence of Costas arrays, indicates that most, or all, Costas arrays are known, or are generated by known generators and their generalizations.
Integration of Facial Information is Sub-Optimal.

How efficiently do we combine information across facial features when recognizing a face? Previous studies have suggested that the perception of a face is not simply the result of an independent analysis of individual facial features, but instead involves a coding of the relationships amongst features. This additional coding of the relationships amongst features is thought to enhance our ability to recognize a face. In our experiments, we tested whether an observer’s ability to recognize a face is in fact better than what one would expect from their ability to recognize the individual facial features in isolation. We tested this by using a psychophysical summation-at-threshold technique that has been used extensively to measure how efficiently observers integrate information across spatial locations and spatial frequencies. Surprisingly, we found that observers integrated information across facial features less efficiently than would be predicted by their ability to recognize the individual parts.
Book Review: Working and Caring for a Child with Chronic Illness: Disconnected and Doing it All

Author: Margaret H. Vickers, University of Western Sydney Reviewed By: J. Gary Linn, Ph.D. Publisher: New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006 Cloth-bound only, ISBN: 1-4039-9767-5, 225 pages Cost: $55.00 USD
Separation and analysis of multichannel signals

Music recordings contain the mixed contribution of multiple overlapping instruments. In order to better understand the music, it would be beneficial to understand each instrument independently. This thesis focuses on separating the individual instrument recordings within a song. In particular, we propose novel algorithms for separating instrument recordings given only their mixture. When the number of source signals does not exceed the number of mixture signals, we focus on a subclass of source separation algorithms based on joint diagonalization. Each approach leverages a different form of source structure. We introduce repetitive structure as an alternative that leverages unique repetition patterns in music and compare its performance against the other techniques. When the number of source signals exceeds the number of mixtures ( i.e., the underdetermined problem), we focus on spectrogram factorization techniques for source separation. We extend single-channel techniques to utilize the additional spatial information in multichannel recordings, and use phase information to improve the estimation of the underlying components.
Use of a relaxation technique in nozzle wave propagation problems

A recently developed conjugate gradient minimization technique is used to determine the behavior of small-amplitude periodic oscillations in a one-dimensional channel with varying mean flow. Attention is focused on the behavior of acoustic waves in a system consisting of a combustion chamber attached to a converging-diverging nozzle. Solutions are obtained for the standing wave pattern between a sound source, located in the combustor, and the choked throat of the nozzle. The numerical solution predicts values of specific nozzle admittance which are in excellent agreement with available experimental data. The encouraging results achieved with this minimization method suggest that it also could be used in the solution of complex multidimensional wave propagation problems. Presented as Paper 73-1011 at AIAA Aero-Acoustics Conference, Seattle, Wash., Oct 15-17» 1973. Supported in part by Grant 7 -2588, Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Graduated Research Fellow, Department of Aerospace Engineering; presently with Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering.
Computational Studies for the Development of a Hybrid UAV/UUV

The development of a hybrid unmanned aerial and underwater vehicle (UAV/UUV) for transit to a shallow water zone is described. The computational fluid dynamics study is focused on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle during the glide phase, the thrust production for underwater propulsion, and predicting the forces on the vehicle during the landing phase of the operation. The effect of size, position, and camber of the front fins acting as canards on the pitch stability of the vehicle is investigated. The hydrodynamic thrust of the flapping fins for underwater propulsion shows that a vehicle speed of 1kt can be achieved. The trajectory and the computed forces and moments using coupled 6-dof simulations during the landing phase of the vehicle provide confidence that the fin and the vehicle will survive a water landing.
Short-Term Retention Rates of Passive Integrated Transponders Surgically Implanted in Burbot and the Effects on Survival

Abstract Passive integrated transponder tags are commonly used in fisheries science to individually identify fish in studies that assume high fish survival and tag retention rates, and have recently been used in studies on burbot Lota lota, although information on retention and survival rates is unavailable. Burbot (310–676-mm TL) surgically implanted with 23-mm PIT tags had 93% survival and 100% retention over 60 d; the survival of these burbot was not significantly different from that of a control group. This suggests that this marking method is a viable means of individually identifying burbot for short-term studies. Received January 21, 2012; accepted July 4, 2012
Laser-Deposition Of High Luminance Thin Film Phosphors

High luminance (brightness) thin-film phosphor materials have potential use in a variety of applications including heads-up, helmet-mounted, and electroluminescent displays, as well as in emerging flat-panel displays based on field emitter technology. Phosphor materials in thin film form offer several advantages over conventional powder phosphor screens. Since the film is nearly fully dense and in intimate contact with the underlying substrate, thin film phosphors transfer heat to the face plate much quicker than conventional, more porous, powder phosphor materials. This allows thin film phosphor screens to be driven at higher power levels, and therefore produce higher luminance, assuming the efficiency of the powder and film are the same. Fully dense phosphor films have smaller surface area, and will outgas less than conventional powder phosphor materials. Thin film phosphors have smaller grain sizes than conventional powder phosphor materials which will provide for smaller spot size, and thus, higher resolution. Furthermore, in applications such as field-emitter displays, powder phosphor particles can be physically dislodged from the screen due to the high electric fields produced by the large potential difference between the anode screen and gate electrode (or cathode), or dislodged by arcing which may occur if a powder particle protrudes significantly above the screen surface. Dislodged particles or damage produced by arcing could degrade display performance. Dense, thin-film phosphor materials which are well adhered to transparent substrates will provide much smoother surface morphologies, and should be able to withstand significantly higher electric field strength without arcing or screen degradation due to the dislocation of particles.
Patient Satisfaction in Phlebotomy: A College of American Pathologists′ Q-Probes Study

We monitored satisfaction with phlebotomy procedures in 34,096 outpatients from 393 participating institutions. More than 99% of patients were satisfied with the phlebotomy services provided. The factor that correlated most highly with patient satisfaction was courteous and professional treatment. Other factors, which showed a much weaker correlation with patient satisfaction, included, in order of decreasing correlation: the absence of large bruises, the need for only one needlestick to obtain an appropriate specimen, patient recognition of an outstanding employee during the phlebotomy procedure, less patient discomfort than anticipated, and waiting time of less than 30 minutes.
P4-S1.10 Longitudinal changes in cervicovaginal cytokine levels upon incident Chlamydia trachomatis infection among young women

Background Highest rates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection are found in 15–24-year-old women. Animal, in vitro, and ex vivo studies have identified several inflammatory and regulatory cytokines that impact infection clearance, recurrence, and immunopathology. However, the in vivo natural history of the cytokine response is not well-described. Our study aim was to characterise the cytokine levels in the cervicovaginal secretions of young women with incident CT. Methods Women were eligible to enrol (as part of a prospective HPV Natural History Study) who were 13–21 years old, sexually active (5 years maximum), and had no history of cervical neoplasia or procedures, or immunosuppression. Women were seen every 4 months for interviews, infection tests, and cervicovaginal lavage samples for cytokine measurement by Luminex® multiplex assay. CT was detected by nucleic-acid amplification. This prospective study selected women (N=64) who had incident CT infection, defined as a negative CT result followed by a positive CT result at a later visit. Cytokine levels were tested at each woman9s pair of negative and positive visits. Each sample was run in duplicate wells. To address assay variation among our samples, per cent-differences between duplicate wells were calculated. A woman9s cytokine response was defined as positive” if the per cent-increase from her negative visit to her positive visit exceeded the [mean+2 SD] of the inter-well per cent-difference for that cytokine. Similarly, “negative” was defined as an inter-visit per cent-decrease that exceeded the [mean+2 SD] of the inter-well per cent-difference. The remaining women were defined as having “no response”. Results The mean age at incident infection was 19 years. Infections concurrent to the positive CT were detected for HPV in 24 (38%) women; yeast in 10 (16%); bacterial vaginosis in 5 (8%); Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 3 (5%); and Trichomonas vaginalis in 1 (2%). Abstract P4-S1.10 table 1 shows the distribution of cytokine responses. Response status was not significantly associated with age or other genital infections (HPV, yeast, bacterial vaginosis, N gonorrhoeae , T vaginalis ) detected at either the negative CT or positive CT visits. Conclusions In young women with incident CT, the in vivo cytokine responses measured in the cervicovaginal fluid compartment are heterogeneous. Differences in the cytokine milieu between individuals may have implications for immune defense and immunopathology.
Effective cutoff wavelength of single-mode fiber

The loss of the LP11 mode near cutoff wavelength is increased by slight bending. Since single-mode fibers in a cable are usually subject to the complex of bendings which cause the excessive bending loss of the LP11 mode, single-mode operation of the LP11 mode will be realized in the wavelength region shorter than the theoretical cutoff wavelength. In this paper we discuss the shift of the effective cutoff wavelength.
A Dormancy Breaking Technique for Solanum nigrum L.Seeds

There is significant dormancy in Solanum nigrum L.seeds.Treatment with proper chemical agents can be used to break its seed dormancy.Soaking the seeds in H2O2,NaOH,HCl,KNO3 and GA for 24 h increased germination compared to the untreated control.The highest germination rate of over 90% was obtained when the seed was treated with HCl at 2.25~36.0 g/L.KNO3 at 40.0 g/L or GA at 200.0 mg/L also increased seed germination to above 80%,thus these treatments allowed breaking dormancy of S.nigrum L.seeds.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis: pathogenesis and treatment options.

Background While patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are displaying less cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis as a result of the use of a combination of anti-HIV medications, it still remains a serious threat to vision in this population. Method This review examines the nature of CMV infection, in general, and discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment options for CMV retinitis, in particular.
Psychotherapeutic facilitation of musical creativity.

Musical creativity can be observed in the work of performers as well as composers. This article discusses biological determinants of musicmaking, developmental factors leading to the choice of musi...
Phosphorylated histone H2Ax in PBMCs as a pharmacodynamic surrogate response to DNA damage by topoisomerase I inhibitors

C49 Phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) occurs in response to DNA double-strand breaks induced by a variety of genotoxic treatments. The number of resulting microscopic γH2AX foci detected by immunofluorescence has been correlated directly with DNA damage severity and genomic repair. Our goal has been to develop and validate γH2AX immunocytochemical assays to monitor response to DNA damage during Phase 0/1 clinical trials of Topo-1 inhibitors conducted by the National Cancer Institute. Since the Phase 0 trial has no therapeutic benefit to currently enrolled patients, it is critical to minimize the risk with biological active doses of treatment and limited biopsies for measuring pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker on tumor targets. By reliably monitoring PD response of surrogate specimens such as PBMC from whole blood, we provide a basis for triggering tumor biopsy and examining tumor response. We used the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line for assay development, mouse treatment trials as pre-clinic models for assay optimization, and human blood ex vivo for clinical trial feasibility and assay validation. Slides were prepared and processed using fluorescent antibody staining for γH2AX foci. We tested various doses of ionizing radiation and DNA topoisomerase I (Topo-1) inhibitors including camptothecins and indenoisoquinoline derivatives by quantifying γH2AX foci after staining with fluorescent conjugated monoclonal antibody. We developed positive and negative controls for the assay, as well as quantitative panels for analysis of γH2AX staining. Multiplexed fluorescent immunoassays were analyzed for biomarker co-localization and cell lineage identification. Assay performance in cancer cell lines, mouse bone marrow PBMCs and splenocytes, as well as human blood ex vivo treatments supports γH2AX in PBMC as a robust pharmacodynamic surrogate biomarker with substantial clinical potential for monitoring tumor response to agents producing DNA damage during early clinical trials. Funded by NCI Contract N01-CO-12400. .
Advanced Technology for Nuclear Powerplants

Advanced technologies have had a profound impact on our life and work place. Advanced technologies include computers and related software development, human factors engineering, systems analysis and analytical techniques, and improved quantitative management processes. New techniques, made possible by modern computer hardware and software applications, are becoming indispensable for providing improved methods to assure safe, reliable, and less costly means of accomplishing many tasks. Advanced technologies are ideally suited for improving the performance of new and existing nuclear powerplants.
Networks of Excitable Neurons

In this chapter, networks of excitable neurons are discussed. The basic catecholamine neurotransmitters are primary building blocks in such networks and some of their details are presented. A treatment of basic modeling issues that arise in a neural network of computational nodes then follows. It is argued that software and hardware in such a network are linked in irreducible ways and that this knowledge must influence the design of the software architectures used to build neural simulations. Next, the catecholamine abstraction is discussed and the details of a single neuron’s processing are outlined in terms on post synaptic density (PSD) functions. Then, networks of neural objects are outlined in terms of chains of computational nodes with feedforward and feedbackward connections. The node processing at this point is quite simple and is done using sigmoidal calculations based on inputs into the node. The node output is the the sigmoid value. Finally, details of neural processing are given for nodes in a chain.
Reading and Empathy

The relationship between reading and empathy was explored. Controlling for GPA and gender, reading variables were hypothesized as related to empathy; the relationship was expected to differ for males and females. For the complete sample, affective components were related to GPA but not reading. Perspective taking was related to reading appreciation but not GPA. For females, reading appreciation was related to perspective taking and empathic concern. For males, GPA and non-fiction reading were positively related, but both were negatively related to empathic concern. Results suggest reading may promote both academic achievement and social development. Findings and social implications are discussed.
Receiver function and gravity constraints on crustal structure and vertical movements of the Upper Mississippi Embayment and Ozark Uplift

The Upper Mississippi Embayment (UME), where the seismically-active New Madrid Seismic Zone resides, experienced two phases of subsidence commencing in the late Precambrian and Cretaceous, respectively. To provide new constraints on models proposed for the mechanisms responsible for the subsidence, we computed and stacked P-to-S receiver functions recorded by 49 USArray and other seismic stations located in the UME and the adjacent Ozark Uplift and modeled Bouguer gravity anomaly data. The inferred thickness, density, and Vp/Vs of the upper and lower crustal layers suggest that the UME is characterized by a mafic and high-density upper crustal layer of ∼30 km thickness, which is underlain by a higher-density lower crustal layer of up to ∼15 km. Those measurements, in the background of previously published geological observations on the subsidence and uplift history of the UME, are in agreement with the model that the Cretaceous subsidence, which was suggested to be preceded by an approximately 2 km uplift, was the consequence of the passage of a previously proposed thermal plume. The thermo-elastic effects of the plume would have induced wide-spread intrusion of mafic mantle material into the weak UME crust fractured by Precambrian rifting and increased its density, resulting in renewed subsidence after the thermal source was removed. In contrast, the Ozark Uplift has crustal density, thickness, and Vp/Vs measurements that are comparable to those observed on cratonic areas, suggesting an overall normal crust without significant modification by the proposed plume, probably owing to the relatively strong and thick lithosphere.
The Simulated Impact of the Snow Albedo Feedback on the Large-Scale Mountain–Plain Circulation East of the Colorado Rocky Mountains

AbstractThe Front Range mountain–plain circulation (FRMC) is a large-scale diurnally driven wind system that occurs east of the Colorado Rocky Mountains in the United States and affects the weather both in the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. As the climate warms, the snow albedo feedback will amplify the warming response in the Rocky Mountains during the spring, increasing the thermal contrast that drives the FRMC. In this study, the authors perform a 7-yr pseudo–global warming (PGW) regional climate change experiment along with an idealized PGW “fixed albedo” experiment to test the sensitivity of the FRMC to the snow albedo feedback (SAF). The authors find a mean increase in the springtime FRMC strength in the PGW experiment that is primarily driven by the snow albedo feedback. Furthermore, interannual variability of changes in FRMC strength is strongly influenced by interannual variability in the SAF. An additional case study experiment configured with a much higher resolution is performed to examine ...
Elevated lipoprotein(a)-associated accelerated thromboangiitis: A case report

We describe a 47-year-old African American woman affected by a rapidly progressing thromboangiitis associated with high serum levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)).
Flexural behaviors of fiber-reinforced polymer fabric reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete panels

Abstract The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) fabrics as reinforcement in concrete offers several advantages, such as high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight. This paper presents experimental and mechanical studies on the flexural behaviors of FRP fabric reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) panels. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics were investigated. Mechanical properties of GFRP and CFRP fabrics, high-strength mortar, and UHPC containing micro steel fibers were experimentally evaluated. The interfacial properties between the FRP fabric and cementitious matrix were characterized using push-pull tests. The flexural performance of panels with different reinforcement configurations was experimentally evaluated. The use of GFRP or CFRP fabric enhanced the flexural properties of UHPC panels, but did not lead to any increase in the flexural strength for the panels made with high-strength mortar. A mechanical analysis is performed to understand and predict the flexural behavior of the FRP fabric reinforced UHPC panels. The proposed fabric reinforced UHPC panel is demonstrated to be promising for the development of lightweight, high-performance permanent formwork system. Such formwork can be potentially used in accelerated construction of critical infrastructure with enhanced crack resistance and extended service life.
Soft computing and density functional theory in the design of safe textile chemicals

This research focuses on the use of soft computing to aid in the development of novel, state-of-the-art, non-toxic dyes which are of commercial importance to the U.S. textile industry. Where appropriate, modern molecular orbital (MO) and density functional (DF) techniques are employed to establish the necessary databases of molecular properties to be used in conjunction with the neural network approach. In this research, we focused on: 1) using molecular modeling to establish databases of various molecular properties of azo dyes required as input for our neural network approach; 2) designing and implementing a neural network architecture suitable to process these databases; and 3) investigating combinations of molecular descriptors needed to predict various properties of the azo dyes.
Nanopore size effect on critical infiltration depth of liquid nanofoam as a reusable energy absorber

Liquid flow in nano-environment has been utilized as an advanced mechanism of energy absorption. While the process of liquid outflow from nanopores has been shown to have a significant effect on the system’s energy absorption efficiencies, its mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we have studied the liquid defiltration behavior of liquid nanofoam (LN) systems by controlling the infiltration depth. The LN samples, composed of a different non-wettable liquid phase and hydrophobic nanoporous silica with wide pore size distribution, have been compressed in two different loading modes under the quasi-static condition, i.e., the single-step compression and consecutive-step compression. Considerably different mechanical behaviors have been observed in these two loading modes, suggesting that the liquid outflow from nanopores is determined by the critical infiltration depth D*. The nanopore size effect on D* is further studied by a consecutive-step cyclic test. It has been shown that D* increases as the pore size gets smaller, which is related to gas solubility and diffusion rate in the nano-environment. The electrolyte concentration and temperature dependences of the critical infiltration depth have also been investigated. These findings provide a better understanding of the liquid outflow from nanopores and can be exploited to facilitate the design of next-generation reusable energy absorption systems.Liquid flow in nano-environment has been utilized as an advanced mechanism of energy absorption. While the process of liquid outflow from nanopores has been shown to have a significant effect on the system’s energy absorption efficiencies, its mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we have studied the liquid defiltration behavior of liquid nanofoam (LN) systems by controlling the infiltration depth. The LN samples, composed of a different non-wettable liquid phase and hydrophobic nanoporous silica with wide pore size distribution, have been compressed in two different loading modes under the quasi-static condition, i.e., the single-step compression and consecutive-step compression. Considerably different mechanical behaviors have been observed in these two loading modes, suggesting that the liquid outflow from nanopores is determined by the critical infiltration depth D*. The nanopore size effect on D* is further studied by a consecutive-step cyclic test. It has been shown that D* increases as the por...
The role of risk avoidance and locus of control in workers’ near miss experiences: Implications for improving safety management systems

Abstract The process industry has made major advancements and is a leader in near-miss safety management, with several validated models and databases to track close call reports. However, organizational efforts to develop safe work procedures and rules do not guarantee that employees will behaviorally comply with them. Assuming that at some point, every safety management system will need to be examined and realigned to help prevent incidents on the job, it is important to understand how personality traits can impact workers' risk-based decisions. Such work has been done in the mining industry due to its characteristically high risks and the results can be gleaned to help the process industry realign goals and values with their workforce. In the current study, researchers cross-sectionally surveyed 1,334 miners from 20 mine sites across the United States, varying in size and commodity. The survey sought to understand how mineworkers' risk avoidance could impact their near miss incidents on the job – a common precursor to lost-time incidents. Multiple regressions showed that as a miner's level of risk avoidance increased by 1 unit in the 6-point response scale, the probability of experiencing a near miss significantly decreased by 30% when adjusting for relevant control variables. Additionally, a significant interaction between risk avoidance and locus of control suggested that the effect of risk avoidance on near misses is enhanced as a miner's locus of control increases. A one-unit increase in locus of control appends the base effect of risk avoidance on near misses with an additional 8% decrease in the probability. Findings are discussed from a near-miss safety management system perspective in terms of methods to foster both risk avoidance and locus of control in an effort to reduce the probability of near misses and lost time at the organizational level within the process industry and other high-hazard industries.
Direct Nerve Transfer for Peroneal Nerve Injury in Knee Dislocations

The optimal strategies to treat peroneal nerve injury of multiligament injured knee remain controversial. New surgical treatment strategies are being investigated focusing on nerve transfer techniques as opposed to nerve grafts, tendon transfers, direct nerve repair or neurolysis. The nerve transfer seeks to restore ankle dorsiflexion by transferring a fascicle of the tibial nerve to the motor nerve of the anterior tibialis muscle with minimal donor-site morbidity. Nerve transfer requires multidisciplinary cooperation with surgeons familiar with peripheral nerve reconstructive techniques. This chapter will focus on our approach to complete peroneal nerve injury in patients who sustained a knee dislocation. Particular attention will be placed on the mechanism of injury, imaging, surgical technique, and a review of currently available outcomes.
Atypical and malignant canine intracranial meningiomas may have lower apparent diffusion coefficient values than benign tumors.

Canine intracranial meningiomas can be graded based on histological classification as benign (grade I), atypical (grade II), and anaplastic or malignant (grade III). In people, grade II/III meningiomas behave more aggressively, have a higher potential for recurrence after surgical resection, and have lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). In this retrospective analytical cross-sectional study, 42 dogs had ADC values quantified in an attempt to differentiate tumor histologic grade. Our hypothesis was that ADC values would be significantly lower in grade II and III versus grade I meningiomas in dogs. On each ADC image, a polygonal region of interest (ROI) was hand-drawn along the lesion's periphery, excluding fluid-filled and hemorrhagic regions. Mean ADC value (ADCmean ) and minimum ADC value (ADCmin ) were calculated. Additionally, two smaller, ovoid ROI were drawn within the lesion with mean ADC calculated (ADCmean sR and ADCmin sR ). Normalized ADC values using white matter were also calculated (ADCn and ADCn sR ). Grades of each tumor were assigned based on histopathology review. Association between ADC parameters and histological grade was tested by means of two-sample t-tests. There were 14 grade I (33.3%), 25 grade II (59.5%), and three grade III (7.2%) meningiomas. ADCmean sR and ADCmin sR were significantly lower when comparing grade II/III to grade I (P < .05). Grade II tumors had significantly lower ADCmean , ADCmean sR , ADCmin sR , ADCn , and ADCn sR than grade I meningiomas. This preliminary study supports the potential of ADC values to help predict the histological grade of intracranial meningiomas in dogs.
Team Membership Change “Events”: A Review and Reconceptualization:

Driven by views of teams as dynamic systems with permeable boundaries, scholars are increasingly seeking to better understand how team membership changes (i.e., team members joining and/or leaving)...
Opioid‐free anesthesia for patients undergoing mastectomy: A matched comparison

Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) is being implemented in breast surgery due to increased awareness of adverse effects and the national opioid crisis. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of OFA on postoperative pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in mastectomy patients. A single-institution matched-cohort study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 on 48 women undergoing mastectomy, with the majority also undergoing immediate prosthetic-based reconstruction. Patients received either conventional anesthesia (CA) or a novel OFA regimen. Primary outcomes included postoperative pain scores, opioid use, and need for antiemetics that were evaluated both in the PACU and on the hospital floors. No significant differences were found in PACU opioid or antiemetic use between OFA and CA. Pain scores in PACU and on POD0 were not significantly different. There was a significant but modest decrease on POD1 in OFA patients (3.9 vs. 5.1, P = .046). Additionally, patients with higher intraoperative opioid regimens experienced significantly increased PONV (P = .023). This study demonstrated the efficacy of OFA in controlling postoperative pain and nausea compared to a traditional opioid-based regimen. Regardless of intraoperative opioids, patients experienced similar postoperative opioid requirements and PONV with decreased pain scores. Thus, OFA is feasible in mastectomy patients and should be further evaluated in select patients.
Post-caesarean puerperal colouterine fistula.

Genito-digestive post caesarean section (CS) fistulas are a known entity, but to our knowledge, early puerperal colouterine fistula (CUF) has not yet been described in the literature (Eleje et al. ...
Predictors of survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HD-ASCT)

e22086 Background: Individualized care in MBC requires predictors of survival for tailored treatment. Although HD-ASCT has not resulted in improved overall survival (OS), retrospective analyses may...
“The Rent is Too Damn High”: News Portrayals of Housing Security and Homelessness in the United States

At any given moment across the United States, more than half a million people are experiencing homelessness, yet little is known about what Americans learn about contemporary housing security from ...
Singular algebraic equations with empirical data.

Singular equations with rank-deficient Jacobians arise frequently in algebraic computing applications. As shown in case studies in this paper, direct and intuitive modeling of algebraic problems often results in nonisolated singular solutions. The challenges become formidable when the problems need to be solved from empirical data of limited accuracy. A newly discovered low-rank Newton's iteration emerges as an effective regularization mechanism that enables solving singular equations accurately with an error bound in the same order as the data error. This paper elaborates applications of new methods on solving singular algebraic equations such as singular linear systems, polynomial GCD and factorizations as well as matrix defective eigenvalue problems.
Evidence-Based Heatstroke Management in the Emergency Department

Author(s): Rublee, Caitlin; Dresser, Caleb; Giudice, Catharina; Lemery, Jay; Sorensen, Cecilia | Abstract: Introduction: Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, which disproportionately impact the health of vulnerable populations. Heatstroke, the most serious heat-related illness, is a medical emergency that causes multiorgan failure and death without intervention. Rapid recognition and aggressive early treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate current standards of care for the emergent management of heatstroke and propose an evidence-based algorithm to expedite care.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and key journals, and reviewed bibliographies. Original research articles, including case studies, were selected if they specifically addressed the recognition and management of heatstroke in any prehospital, emergency department (ED), or intensive care unit population. Reviewers evaluated study quality and abstracted information regarding demographics, scenario, management, and outcome.Results: In total, 63 articles met full inclusion criteria after full-text review and were included for analysis. Three key themes identified during the qualitative review process included recognition, rapid cooling, and supportive care. Rapid recognition and expedited external or internal cooling methods coupled with multidisciplinary management were associated with improved outcomes. Delays in care are associated with adverse outcomes. We found no current scalable ED alert process to expedite early goal-directed therapies.Conclusion: Given the increased risk of exposure to heat waves and the time-sensitivity of the condition, EDs and healthcare systems should adopt processes for rapid recognition and management of heatstroke. This study proposes an evidence-based prehospital and ED heat alert pathway to improve early diagnosis and resource mobilization. We also provide an evidence-based treatment pathway to facilitate efficient patient cooling. It is hoped that this protocol will improve care and help healthcare systems adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Jane Eyre: From Heroic Energies to Sympathetic Ecologies

Bronte’s novel at once obscures and reveals the flow of energetic, natural, and economic resources. At the same time, the novel troubles its own manifestly anthropocentric uses of nature and energy. Further, Jane’s seductive narrative of heroic independence, so powerfully articulated as she aspires to be recognized as a fully-fledged independent individual, also reproduces the structures of mastery that exclude her and others from ethical consideration. These run contrary to a picture of the network of relationships that make up an ecological vision. This chapter therefore works toward an ecocentric rereading of Jane Eyre in particular and the liberal subject more broadly. In this reading, Jane figures not as the heroine with all else as the background against which she moves, but rather as one element among many in the constantly shifting relations of an ecosystem. And while it may be uncomfortable, even counterintuitive, for feminist readers, to trouble the centrality of the individual just as this model of personhood becomes available to women, this reading draws on the works of eco-feminists Kate Soper, Val Plumwood, and Ursula Le Guin, in order to find in Jane Eyre a model of sympathetic ecology. Further, taking its cue from post-colonial revisions of the story of Bertha Rochester, this chapter considers the problematics of relegating human or nonhuman nature to mere setting, background, margin, or resource.
“Without English There Are No Rights”: Educating the Non(citizen) In and Out of Adult Education

Drawing from a three year ethnographic study with Iraqi refugees who had recently resettled to the U.S., this chapter examines how refugees’ pre-resettlement lives shape their educational aspirations, while their (lack of) access to education in the U.S. shapes their understandings and embodiments of citizenship. Focusing on the lives of Samah, a high school graduate who hoped to pursue college education, and Nadia, a mother who aspired to learn English upon arrival to the U.S., I argue that refugees’ encounters with public schools and adult literacy programs are critical to their ability to become full members of their new communities. Samah and Nadia experience various barriers to accessing adult education and language learning due to increasing market fundamentalist attacks on state institutions that are critical for refugees. Staging interventions to improve the lives of refugees involves bucking current resettlement trends that re-traumatize refugees and dispossess them of the ability to aspire to and realize better futures. Rather than following through with its current course of action, which has prioritized self-sufficiency; ever-decreasing case management periods; and the lack of bilingual case workers, we need to reinvest in refugee resettlement. Otherwise, refugees will continue to be dispossessed, again, of their rights.
Recommendations for Writing an Electrodiagnostic Study Report

After performance of nerve conduction and electromyography studies, a written report with thorough description of the findings should be produced, with the goal of interpreting the results in a clear way that can be understood by the referring physician, and that explains the diagnosis, correlated with the findings- including the nature/character (e.g. axon loss or demyelinating), localization/distribution, and severity of nerve, muscle or neuromuscular junction transmission disorder.
Low-dose oral minoxidil increases hair density and thickness in androgenetic alopecia: a retrospective analysis of 60 patients.

While topical minoxidil has been a mainstay androgenetic alopecia (AGA) treatment, oral minoxidil has only been studied recently. Previous studies indicate low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) is an efficacious, well-tolerated AGA therapy, and our study aims to contribute to the growing LDOM literature an analysis of quantitative outcomes at multiple areas of the scalp in one of the largest cohorts reported.
A Computer-Aided Design System for Segmentation of Volumetric Images

Image segmentation is an important component of any image analysis system. In medical imaging, it is essential that an image is accurately segmented so that different measurements about the region are accurately determined. In this paper, the idea of using a computer-aided design system to effectively revise the result of an automatically determined segmentation was introduced. In the proposed system, a RaG surface is fitted to voxels representing a 3D region by the least-squares method. The surface and the original volumetric image are then overlaid and the surface is interactively revised until the desired segmentation is achieved.
A Role for Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in the Cellular Uptake of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Lungs

To gain knowledge of lung clearance mechanisms of inhaled tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Using an in vivo mouse model and ex vivo murine whole organ cell suspensions, we examined the capability of the lungs to utilize LRP1 receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) for the uptake of exogenous tPA with and without an LRP1 inhibitor, receptor associated protein (RAP), and quantitatively compared it to the liver. We also used a novel imaging technique to assess the amount LRP1 in sections of mouse liver and lung. Following intratracheal administration, tPA concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) declined over time following two-compartment pharmacokinetics suggestive of a RME clearance mechanism. Ex vivo studies showed that lung and liver cells are similarly capable of tPA uptake via LRP1 RME which was reduced by ~50% by RAP. The comparable lung and liver uptake of tPA is likely due to equivalent amounts of LRP1 of which there was an abundance in the alveolar epithelium. Our findings indicate that LRP1 RME is a candidate clearance mechanism for inhaled tPA which has implications for the development of safe and effective dosing regimens of inhaled tPA for the treatment of plastic bronchitis and other fibrin-inflammatory airway diseases in which inhaled tPA may have utility.
First Principles for an Effective Rewrite of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

The increasing centrality of the Internet in modern communications, together with massive changes in the landscape of the telecommunications market, have intensified the calls for Congress to overhaul the Telecommunications Act of 1996. In this paper, we analyze this looming legislative challenge by dividing it into two sets of issues: first, issues concerning the proper substance of telecommunications policy reform; and, second, issues concerning the appropriate institutions for carrying out that reform. In Part I, we argue that Congress should require regulators to adhere more closely to (and justify departures from) basic antitrust principles in developing the substance of competition policy. In particular, we explore how those principles would have brought greater predictability and analytical rigor to the FCC's implementation of statutory provisions requiring incumbent telephone providers to lease parts of their networks to competitors. Moreover, we explain how antitrust principles can now inform the current debate over whether to regulate broadband platforms to prevent discrimination against independent providers of applications like voice over Internet protocol. In Part II, we turn to Congress's institutional choices in reforming telecommunications regulation. Despite our advocacy for antitrust-oriented rules of decision, we argue for a continued reliance on the FCC, rather than antitrust courts, as the appropriate institution for superintending the efficient development of competition throughout the industry. Not only does the FCC enjoy specialized expertise in the economics and technology of the telecommunications industry, it also enjoys a distinct advantage over courts in developing and enforcing complicated - and necessary - prescriptive rules, such as those governing interconnection and its associated intercarrier fees. At the same time, the FCC will increasingly need to refocus its energies from prescriptive regulation to a new emphasis on after-the-fact enforcement and market-monitoring, much like the role played today by the Federal Trade Commission.