cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the murine antibody response to an anti-CD4 CDR2 VH peptide on immunogen formulation☆

A peptide corresponding to the second complementarity determining region of the heavy chain (CDR2 VH) from a murine anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, designated L202, was synthesized by solid phase methodology in a number of different antigenic forms, for the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of different adjuvant-carrier systems in the induction of a murine antibody response against the immunizing peptide and parent antibody molecule. Two of the synthetic constructs contained the palmitoyl and N-palmitoyl-cysteinyl-S-(2,3-palmitoyloxy)-propanediol (PAM3Cys) moieties, respectively, attached to the peptide amino terminus with the immunogen comprising liposomal formulations of each. A third immunogen consisted of the CDR2 VH peptide admixed with the PAM3Cys non-covalently and incorporated into liposomes (PAM3Cys + CDR2 VH). A fourth composition comprised the CDR2 VH peptide conjugated to KLH via the sulfhydryl of an added N terminal cysteine (KLH-CDR2 VH) and injected with Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). A fifth immunogen consisted of the CDR2 VH peptide synthesized on an octameric, branched polylysine core as a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP-CDR2 VH) injected in the presence of Freund's adjuvant. Groups of five mice were injected intramuscularly with each of these immunogens and bled at two week intervals. The highest anti-peptide gamma-immunoglobulin (IgG) responses (against uncoupled peptide by ELISA) after 56 days were obtained with mice receiving the PAM3Cys-CDR2 VH peptide. However, when screened against the CDR2 V(H) peptide present as the MAP derivative by ELISA, IgG raised against the cognate MAP-CDR2 peptide was much more reactive than IgG raised against the liposomal PAM3Cys-CDR2 VH immunogen. In either case, IgG raised against the KLH-CDR2VH conjugate was poorly reactive. These differences in reactivity to the two forms of the CDR2 VH peptide by ELISA did not correspond to major differences in reactivities to the intact L202 Ab by ELISA. Although the IgG against the MAP immunogen was slightly more reactive than the other antisera against the l202 Ab, all titers were less than 1:100. These data illustrate some limitations of using anti-peptide responses as indicators of potential reactivity against the native protein, but suggest that alternate formulations including lipoidal peptides are more effective than corresponding KLH-peptide conjugates in eliciting Ab responses against poorly immunogenic epitopes.
Attitude of students in exemplary programs toward their science teachers

Student attitudes concerning their science teachers at third, seventh, and eleventh grade are compared. Samples of students were drawn from those enrolled in NSTA's exemplary programs and other students drawn from classrooms of a random selection of teachers who are also NSTA members. Some of the affective items from the Third Assessment of Science, National Assessment of Educational Progress, were used for the study. Results indicate significantly more positive attitudes of students from the exemplary programs in the following ways: (1) pleasure with student questions; (2) desire for students to explore their own ideas; (3) “liking” of science (at the elementary school level); (4) ability and “knowledge” of it to make science study exciting.
The effect of rate of presentation

Two experiments investigated the effect of a pre-test series of pictures, presented at a fixed rate, upon Ss subsequent free looking time. The results indicated that high fixed rates of presentation (3 sec./presentation) reduced \ldnatural\rd looking times, and low fixed rates of presentation (15 or 60 sec./ presentation) increased natural looking times. The results were interpreted within an adaptation level theory framework. Accordingly, the fixed rate serves as an anchor which influences Ss \ldnatural\rd looking time. Evidence was also found suggesting that a simple imitation interpretation is questionable.
A Marxist Critique of Marx's Theory of History: Beyond the Dichotomy Between Scientific and Critical Marxism

This article argues that an application of Marxism to itself can help us transcend Gouldner's (1980) dichotomy between scientific and critical Marxism. After demonstrating that the paradigmatic doc...
Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts

Corrosion casts provide three dimensional replicas that can be examined readily by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They are prepared by filling vascular networks with polymerizing plastic and then digesting away the tissue. As based on our studies of ocular vessels, this report describes the vascular anatomy, as well as the artifacts, that are encountered during SEM studies of such preparations.
Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapies to aid smoking cessation in adolescents

Adolescent smoking remains a public health problem. Despite concerns regarding adolescent nicotine dependence, few well-designed smoking cessation studies have been conducted with teen smokers. This is particularly true regarding pharmacologic treatments for nicotine dependence. Currently, pharmacologic aids are not recommended for treating adolescent nicotine dependence, as efficacy has not been shown in this population. This review includes studies that have examined the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for smoking abstinence and/or reduction in cigarette consumption among adolescent smokers who want to quit smoking, laboratory-based adolescent studies that have examined the efficacy of these medications in reducing cravings and/or withdrawal symptoms, and/or studies that have assessed the tolerability of medications for smoking cessation in adolescent smokers. It provides information on the pharmacologic action of each medication, the efficacy of each medication for adolescent smoking cessation, the tolerability of each medication based on reported adverse events, and compliance with the medication protocols. Thirteen relevant articles were identified and included in the review. Nicotine patch (NP), nicotine gum, nicotine nasal spray, bupropion, and varenicline have been studied in adolescent smokers. The adverse events reported in the studies on pharmacology for adolescent smoking suggest that the side effect profiles for nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline are similar to those reported in adult studies. There is some evidence of efficacy of NP and bupropion at the end of treatment (efficacy of varenicline has not been assessed), but none of the medications included in this review were efficacious in promoting long-term smoking cessation among adolescent smokers. It is noted that many of the study protocols did not follow the recommended dose or length of pharmacotherapy for adults, rendering it difficult to determine the true efficacy of medication for adolescent smoking cessation. Future efficacy studies are warranted before recommending pharmacotherapy for adolescent smoking cessation.
UDL in the Middle School Science Classroom: Can Video Games and Alternative Text Heighten Engagement and Learning for Students With Learning Disabilities?

This article examined the performance of 57 students with learning disabilities (LD) from four middle schools. Students were followed over the course of a school year in their inclusive science cla...
Acute parathion poisoning: Diagnosis and treatment

The increasing use of alkyl esters of phosphoric acid (parathion) as insecticides and therapeutic agents has resulted in a greater number of human poisonings. Parathion intoxication may result from absorption through skin, eyes, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts. The use of the new antidote 2-PAM (2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide), together with atropine and supportive measures in the treatment of an 18-month-old child with acute parathion poisoning is described. The first dose of 2-PAM was given 3 1/2 hours after ingestion of the poison. Cholinesterase determinations are discussed in relation to therapy, and a plan of treatment is recommended.
Multimethod investigation of interpersonal functioning in borderline personality disorder.

Even though interpersonal functioning is of great clinical importance for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), the comparative validity of different assessment methods for interpersonal dysfunction has not yet been tested. This study examined multiple methods of assessing interpersonal functioning, including self- and other-reports, clinical ratings, electronic diaries, and social cognitions in three groups of psychiatric patients (N=138): patients with (1) BPD, (2) another personality disorder, and (3) Axis I psychopathology only. Using dominance analysis, we examined the predictive validity of each method in detecting changes in symptom distress and social functioning six months later. Across multiple methods, the BPD group often reported higher interpersonal dysfunction scores compared to other groups. Predictive validity results demonstrated that self-report and electronic diary ratings were the most important predictors of distress and social functioning. Our findings suggest that self-report scores and electronic diary ratings have high clinical utility, as these methods appear most sensitive to change.
Finite element modeling of mouse cornea and studying formation of spiral patterns on epithelium

The cornea is a transparent tissue covering the front of the eye that refracts the light rays and therefore plays a great role in focusing ability of the eye (1). A slight change in the geometry of the cornea leads to a notable change in its focusing function. Therefore, the understanding of cornea mechanics is of utmost importance to better analyze the focusing ability of the eye.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Thermionic Electron Emission From Nanostructured Diamond

Unique features of electron emission from carbon-based nanostructures are studied to explore direct energy conversion materials and processes. These structures have been shown to produce highly efficient field emission (i.e., high electrical current at low applied fields) for electrical device applications. However, the commensurate transport and conversion of thermal energy has not been previously explored in detail. Understanding these concepts could enable development of devices with efficiencies that exceed those of other direct energy conversion technologies. The electron emission behavior at elevated temperatures, of two diamond-based devices with nanoscale features, is characterized. Bulk current measurements reveal work functions of 1 and 1.3 eV for a boron-doped diamond pyramid array and a phosphorus-doped diamond surface, respectively. An electron energy spectrometer has been designed in order to understand the emission behavior in more detail. The analyzer is integrated with a heat source that enables substrate temperatures up to 1000°C. Spectral measurements indicate higher work functions for both samples.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Fundamental studies of grafting reactions in free radical copolymerization. II. Grafting of styrene, acrylate, and methacrylate monomers onto cis-polybutadiene using AIBN initiator in solution polymerization

Grafting can be initiated by primary and/ or polymer radical attack on the backbone polymer and it is well known that AIBN does not readily promote grafting, even when using poly-butadiene. We have studied the grafting of several different monomers onto cis-polybuta-diene using AIBN initiator and find dramatically different results among the monomers. As expected, styrene grafts at very low levels due to the inactivity of the initiator radicals and the polystyryl radicals. Methacrylate monomer grafts at a slightly higher level due to its more reactive polymer radical, while acrylate monomer readily grafts onto the poly-butadiene because polyacrylate radicals are quite reactive. The use of a kinetic model allowed the evaluation of rate coefficients for graft site initiation to be in the relative order of 0.1 : 1.0 : 10.0 (L/mol/s) for styrene:methacrylate:acrylate monomers. The model also pro-vided successful interpretations of the grafting data and its dependence upon the concen-trations of monomer, initiator, and backbone polymer. Due to the relatively higher reactivity of the polyacrylate radicals, the benzene solvent acted as a chain transfer agent in this system. This affected the molecular weight of both free and grafted acrylate polymer and also surpressed the graft level. Polyacrylate radicals attack the cis-polybutadiene backbone by abstracting an allylic hydrogen and also adding across the residual double bond. The latter mechanism is responsible for the majority of the grafting; the hydrogen abstraction leads to relatively inactive radicals which cause a retardation in the overall reaction rate. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Private Intermediary Innovation and Market Liquidity: Evidence from the Pink Sheets® Market

In 2007, Pink Sheets LLC assigned each Pink Sheets® company to a disclosure tier and on its website affixed a colorful graphic to its stock symbol signifying the company's public disclosure level. This unique innovation allows us to investigate the impact of increased salience of disclosure practices on liquidity. Using a difference-in-difference design, we find evidence that firms classified into the Current Information category experienced an increase in liquidity while firms classified into the No Information category experienced a decrease in liquidity, both relative to other unclassified over-the-counter firms. This suggests that increases in the salience of disclosure practices via assignment to disclosure tiers affect investors' attention, leading to changes in trading behavior that ultimately translate into liquidity changes. We also provide evidence that some investors anticipated the resulting liquidity changes because stock returns around a key event date leading up to the release of the disclosure tiers are positively associated with subsequent liquidity changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Accommodation of a highly symmetric core within a symmetric protein superfold

An alternative core packing group, involving a set of five positions, has been introduced into human acidic FGF-1. This alternative group was designed so as to constrain the primary structure within the core region to the same threefold symmetry present in the tertiary structure of the protein fold (the β-trefoil superfold). The alternative core is essentially indistinguishable from the WT core with regard to structure, stability, and folding kinetics. The results show that the β-trefoil superfold is compatible with a threefold symmetric constraint on the core region, as might be the case if the superfold arose as a result of gene duplication/fusion events. Furthermore, this new core arrangement can form the basis of a structural “building block” that can greatly simplify the de novo design of β-trefoil proteins by using symmetric structural complementarity. Remaining asymmetry within the core appears to be related to asymmetry in the tertiary structure associated with receptor and heparin binding functionality of the growth factor.
Global nanotechnology development from 1991 to 2012: patents, scientific publications, and effect of NSF funding

In a relatively short interval for an emerging technology, nanotechnology has made a significant economic impact in numerous sectors including semiconductor manufacturing, catalysts, medicine, agriculture, and energy production. A part of the United States (US) government investment in basic research has been realized in the last two decades through the National Science Foundation (NSF), beginning with the nanoparticle research initiative in 1991 and continuing with support from the National Nanotechnology Initiative after fiscal year 2001. This paper has two main goals: (a) present a longitudinal analysis of the global nanotechnology development as reflected in the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) patents and Web of Science (WoS) publications in nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) for the interval 1991–2012; and (b) identify the effect of basic research funded by NSF on both indicators. The interval has been separated into three parts for comparison purposes: 1991–2000, 2001–2010, and 2011–2012. The global trends of patents and scientific publications are presented. Bibliometric analysis, topic analysis, and citation network analysis methods are used to rank countries, institutions, technology subfields, and inventors contributing to nanotechnology development. We then, examined how these entities were affected by NSF funding and how they evolved over the past two decades. Results show that dedicated NSF funding used to support nanotechnology R&D was followed by an increased number of relevant patents and scientific publications, a greater diversity of technology topics, and a significant increase of citations. The NSF played important roles in the inventor community and served as a major contributor to numerous nanotechnology subfields.
Dynamic network decoding revisited

We present a dynamic network decoder capable of using large cross-word context models and large n-gram histories. Our method for constructing the search network is designed to process large cross-word context models very efficiently and we address the optimization of the search network to minimize any overhead during run-time for the dynamic network decoder. The search procedure uses the full LM history for lookahead, and path recombination is done as early as possible. In our systematic comparison to a static FSM based decoder, we find the dynamic decoder can run at comparable speed as the static decoder when large language models are used, while the static decoder performs best for small language models. We discuss the use of very large vocabularies of up to 2.5 million words for both decoding approaches and analyze the effect of weak acoustic models for pruning.
Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Aerogels Derived From Different Precursors

The ability to tailor the structure and properties of porous carbons has led to their increased use as electrodes in energy storage devices. Our research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of carbon aerogels for use in electrochemical double layer capacitors. Carbon aerogels are formed from the sol-gel polymerization of (1) resorcinol-formaldehyde or (2) phenolic-furfural, followed by supercritical drying from carbon dioxide, and subsequent pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere. These materials can be produced as monoliths, composites, thin films, powders, or microspheres. In all cases, the areogels have an open-cell structure with an ultrafine pore size (<100 nm), high surface area (400-1 100 m{sup 2}/g), and a solid matrix composed of interconnected particles, fibers, or platelets with characteristic dimensions of 10 nm. This paper examines the effects of the carbon precursor and processing conditions on electrochemical performance in aqueous and organic electrolytes.
Identifying Heterogeneity In Rates Of Morphological Evolution: Discrete Character Change In The Evolution Of Lungfish (Sarcopterygii; Dipnoi)

Quantifying rates of morphological evolution is important in many macroevolutionary studies, and critical when assessing possible adaptive radiations and episodes of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record. However, studies of morphological rates of change have lagged behind those on taxonomic diversification, and most authors have focused on continuous characters and quantifying patterns of morphological rates over time. Here, we provide a phylogenetic approach, using discrete characters and three statistical tests to determine points on a cladogram (branches or entire clades) that are characterized by significantly high or low rates of change. These methods include a randomization approach that identifies branches with significantly high rates and likelihood ratio tests that pinpoint either branches or clades that have significantly higher or lower rates than the pooled rate of the remainder of the tree. As a test case for these methods, we analyze a discrete character dataset of lungfish, which have long been regarded as "living fossils" due to an apparent slowdown in rates since the Devonian. We find that morphological rates are highly heterogeneous across the phylogeny and recover a general pattern of decreasing rates along the phylogenetic backbone toward living taxa, from the Devonian until the present. Compared with previous work, we are able to report a more nuanced picture of lungfish evolution using these new methods.
Women’s disclosure of dating violence: A mixed methodological study

The researchers utilized quantitative and qualitative methods to examine college women’s disclosure of dating violence. Quantitative analyses showed that disclosure of dating violence was related t...
Transit Timing Variations for Eccentric and Inclined Exoplanets

The Transit Timing Variation (TTV) method relies on monitoring changes in timing of transits of known exoplanets. Nontransiting planets in the system can be inferred from TTVs by their gravitational interactions with the transiting planet. The TTV method is sensitive to low-mass planets that cannot be detected by other means. Inferring the orbital elements and mass of the nontransiting planets from TTVs, however, is more challenging than for other planet detection schemes. It is a difficult inverse problem. Here, we extended the new inversion method proposed by Nesvorný & Morbidelli to eccentric transiting planets and inclined orbits. We found that the TTV signal can be significantly amplified for hierarchical planetary systems with substantial orbital inclinations and/or for an eccentric transiting planet with anti-aligned orbit of the planetary companion. Thus, a fortuitous orbital setup of an exoplanetary system may significantly enhance our chances of TTV detection. We also showed that the detailed shape of the TTV signal is sensitive to the orbital inclination of the nontransiting planetary companion. The TTV detection method may thus provide important constraints on the orbital inclination of exoplanets and be used to test theories of planetary formation and evolution.
Mental Representations in Musical Processing and their Role in Action-Perception Loops

Music is created in the listener as it is perceived and interpreted - its meaning derived from our unique sense of it; likely driving the range of interpersonal differences found in music processing. Person-specific mental representations of music are thought to unfold on multiple levels as we listen, spanning from an entire piece of music to regularities detected across notes. As we track incoming auditory information, predictions are generated at different levels for different musical aspects, leading to specific percepts and behavioral outputs, illustrating a tight coupling of cognition, perception and action. This coupling, together with a prominent role of prediction in music processing, fits well with recently described ideas about the role of predictive processing in cognitive function, which appears to be especially suitable to account for the role of mental models in musical perception and action. Investigating the cerebral correlates of constructive music imagination offers an experimentally tractable approach to clarifying how mental models of music are represented in the brain. I suggest here that mental representations underlying imagery are multimodal, informed and modulated by the body and its in- and outputs, while perception and action are informed and modulated by predictions based on mental models.
Tourist dependent small towns: Understanding competitive advantage

This study explores the resources that two distinctly different types of downtown business districts use to gain competitive advantage. Specifically, 267 respondents in four tourist dependent and s...
Retinal vasoproliferative tumors in ocular conditions of childhood.

Background Retinal vasoproliferative tumor (RVPT) is a vascular mass with exudative retinopathy and minimally dilated feeder vessels. This type of tumor can occur as a primary or secondary condition. Our purpose was to describe secondary vasoproliferative tumors from ocular conditions in childhood. Methods The clinical records and fundus photographs of patients with secondary RVPTs were reviewed and a detailed literature search was conducted to identify reported cases of secondary RVPTs. This information was used to compile a list of ocular and nonocular childhood conditions associated with development of RVPTs. Results The ocular conditions related to vasoproliferative tumors in children include intermediate uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, ocular toxocariasis, Coats disease, neurofibromatosis, retinal toxoplasmosis, retinopathy of prematurity, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and other rare conditions. Conclusions Several pediatric ocular conditions can ultimately lead to retinal vasoproliferative tumor.
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn with D-transposition of the Great Arteries: Management and Prognosis.

Objective There is a paucity of data on clinical correlates and outcomes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) in the era of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Our objective was to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of infants with D-TGA with and without PH, defined as hypoxemia that required iNO and/or ECMO. Methods We undertook a single-center retrospective chart review involving infants with gestational age ≥32 weeks with D-TGA who, underwent arterial switch operation over a 12-year period. Demographic and clinical data, details of the repair and postoperative complications were abstracted. Results Our cohort (n = 93), 61 (66%) of whom were males, had a mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight of 38.7 (1.8) weeks and 3.2 (0.6) kg, respectively. PH requiring iNO and/or ECMO was noted in 20 (21.5%) infants. Infants with PH had significantly lower birth weight [2.8 (0.56) vs. 3.33 (0.61)] and gestational age [37.7 (2.1) vs. 38.9 (1.7)] than those without PH. Rates of postoperative complications (duration of pressors, sedative medicaiton and duration of hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation were higher in the group with PH. Of the five (5.4%) infants who died, four received iNO and ECMO. Death or postoperative complications tended to be associated with lower gestational age [OR 0.689; 95% CI: 0.469–1.012, P = 0.058] but not with D-TGA category or bypass duration. Conclusions Despite aggressive treatment with iNO and ECMO, the coexistence of PH in this population is associated with higher rates of mortality and postoperative complications. Our results also suggest that an early term birth may be associated with PH in infants with D-TGA.
Recursive Functions in Basic Logic

1.1 The system K * of basic logic, as presented in a previous paper, will be shown to be formalizable in an alternative way according to which the rule [ E ], is replaced by the rule [ F ], 1.2. General recursive functions will be shown to be definable in K * in a way that retains functional notation, so that the equation, will be formalized in K * by the formula, where ‘ f ’, ‘ p 1 ’, … ‘ p n ’ respectively denote φ, x 1 , …, x n , and where ‘≐’ plays the role of numerical equality. Partial recursive functions may be handled in a similar way. The rule [ E ] is not required for dealing with primitive recursive functions by this method. 1.3. An operator ‘ G ’ will be defined such that ‘[ Ga ≐ p ]’ is a theorem of K * if and only if ‘ p ’ denotes the Godel number of ‘ a ’. 1.4. In reformulating K * we assume ‘ o 0 ’, ‘ o 1 ,’ ‘ o 2 ’, …, have been so chosen that we can determine effectively whether or not a given U-expression is the m th member of the above series. The revised rules for K * are then as follows. (Double-arrow forms of these rules are derivable, except in the case of rule [V].)
Characterization of the drop-size distribution and velocity–diameter relation of the throughfall under the maize canopy

Abstract In this study, we used a pair of optical disdrometers, one under and one outside the maize canopy, to measure the drop-size and the velocity distribution of hydrometeors during 12 storms and identified four distinct regions by examining how the fraction of drops recorded on the throughfall changed with respect to the drop diameter. The first region, containing drops with diameters smaller than 0.5 mm, showed an elevated number on the throughfall. Their numbers were comparable to the numbers of drops that lacked enough energy to adhere to the leaf. The second region, featuring drops with diameters larger than 0.5 mm and smaller than 3 mm, had a number ratio very close to the canopy gap fraction, indicating that their most likely origin was direct throughfall. The third region entailed drops with diameters ranging from 3 mm to 5.5 mm that featured a high throughfall to rainfall count ratio, with one of the diameter classes having higher counts under the canopy than outside of it. Through simplified calculations, we showed that drop weights in this region should exceed surface tension forces and lead to their detachment. In the fourth and final region, the throughfall to rainfall ratio decreased converging to the canopy gap fraction. By comparing the number of drops on each of the 440 diameter/velocity classes under and outside of the canopy, we were able to identify preferential drop sizes on the throughfall, i.e. classes of drop diameters with higher drop-size distributions under the canopy. The drop classes presenting higher counts under the canopy had diameters ranging from 3.25 mm to 5.75 mm with velocities between 1.4 m s −1 and 5 m s −1 . We were able to trace the origin of those drops to heights of between 0.10 m and 1.05 m within the canopy, confirming that these drops constitute the indirect throughfall. The capability to estimate the detachment height of drops allows us to reconstruct the drop-size distribution at different levels of the canopy and offers unique insight into the mechanics of interception, indirect throughfall formation and re-interception of raindrops by the maize canopy.
Toward a Theory of Personal Politics

The ability to effectively navigate organizational politics to achieve one’s goals has long been recognized as necessary for individuals to experience success within their organizations. Many studies have linked the effective use of political behaviors to increased individual performance. As such, many scholars within HRD and other disciplines have created practitioner techniques and models to guide individuals in their pursuit of personal success within an organization. Although these tools are useful, there is no common theoretical framework that can ground these practices into theory and explain why some individuals can be successful in the pursuit of personal goals within the organization whereas others are not. This article introduces a cross-disciplinary framework for a theory of personal politics (TPP). TPP contends that individuals achieve their goals within an organization because they understand how the forces of multiple actors on multiple levels of analysis shape (drive or constrain) actor int...
External-Beam Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Diffuse Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is characterized by deposits of amyloid in airway walls. No effective treatment is known. We describe a 59-year-old woman who presented with increasing symptoms of airway obstruction due to diffuse deposition of amyloid throughout her tracheobronchial tree. She was treated with external-beam radiation therapy (20 Gy) with marked improvement in her symptoms, effort tolerance, bronchoscopic appearance, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (1.39 L to 1.97 L [42%]). This improvement was maintained during 21 months of follow-up.
Amorphization in quenched ice VIII: A first-principles study

Ice VIII is a high-density form of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ that amorphizes upon heating after being decompressed to 0 kbar. Here we investigate by first principles the structural and vibrational properties of ice VIII under decompression. We have reproduced the peculiar nonlinear behavior of some stretching and translational modes under decompression and relate this behavior to the eminent collapse of the hydrogen-bond networks. We also find that the transverse acoustic phonon branches almost collapse and are nearly unstable at 0 kbar. This is the sign of imminent amorphization, similar to that uncovered in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz under pressure near the amorphous transition. By means of quasi-harmonic free energy calculations we also investigate its thermal equation of state and show, for the first time, the effect of zero point motion and temperature on its structure. The level of agreement between theoretical and experimental results is unprecedented in this class of materials. This is crucial to clarifying the relationship between amorphization and acoustic phonon collapse.
The C-Terminal Domain of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium OmpA Is an Immunodominant Antigen in Mice but Appears To Be Only Partially Exposed on the Bacterial Cell Surface

We examined the way the major outer membrane protein OmpA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is recognized by the mouse immune system, by raising a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against this protein. Interaction between OmpA and these MAbs is competitively inhibited with several-hundredfold dilutions of mouse polyclonal sera obtained by immunization with live or heat-killed whole cells, suggesting that OmpA is one of the immunodominant antigens of serovar Typhimurium. All of the MAbs were specific for an identical epitope(s) located on the C-terminal domain of OmpA, as indicated by the use of OmpA fragments generated by protease or cyanogen bromide treatment and by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This epitope was highly conserved within (but not outside) the family Enterobacteriaceae. The strong immunogenicity of this epitope was surprising because the C-terminal domain of OmpA, usually thought to be located in the periplasm, is not expected to be exposed on the bacterial cell surface. A MAb, however, reacted in a cytofluorometry assay more strongly with outer-membrane-permeabilized cells than with untreated cells, a result supporting the predominantly periplasmic localization of the epitope. Significant, though low-level, reactivity of intact cells nevertheless suggests that in some cells the C-terminal domain of OmpA is exposed on the surface, a result consistent with the proposal that OmpA can fold into one of the two alternate conformations.
Experiential Versus Experience-Based Learning and Instruction

Abstract This study tested claims about the superiority of experience-based over experiential approaches to teaching economic concepts. Students were randomly assigned to three groups–experience-dictation, experience-debriefing, and debriefing-only. At pretest and posttest, students were interviewed to probe their understanding of 10 basic economic concepts and to determine their proclivity to use the concept of cost-benefit analysis in a personal decision-making situation. Planned comparisons revealed the following statistically significant differences on the understanding-of-economic-concepts posttest: (a) the combined means of the experience-debriefing and debriefing-only groups were higher than the mean of the experience-dictation group and (b) the mean of the experience-debriefing group was higher than the mean of the debriefing-only group. No significant differences were found between groups on the use-of-cost benefit analysis measure. Overall, the findings support the superiority of experience-base...
The 24Mg(p, d) reaction to the 12+ state at 2.36 MeV at proton energies from 27 to 185 MeV

Abstract Exact-finite-range DWBA calculations were performed for the l =0 transition to the 1 2 + state at 2.36 MeV measured in the 24 Mg(p, d) 23 Mg reaction at eight proton energies ranging from 27.3 to 185 MeV, including newly measured data at 49.2 and 150.3 MeV. Qualitative agreement both for the cross section data and analyzing powers was obtained for energies up to 95 MeV, but at 150 and 185 MeV a good description of the angular distributions could not be combined with an energy-independent spectroscopic factor.
When the Law Does Not Secure Justice or Peace: Requiem as Aesthetic Response

This essay assesses the possibilities for poetic-liturgical compositions, such as requiems, to promote Christian public engagement when legal frameworks are perceived to be inadequate for securing justice. This essay addresses the perception that legal statutes and procedures failed to honor the personhood of two particular African American males and discusses how aesthetic responses have been used to counter the devaluing of their lives. One such response, Marilyn Nelson’s poem Fortune’s Bones: The Manumission Requiem , questions the law’s failure to protect an eighteenth-century enslaved man. Another requiem memorializes Michael Brown after the teen’s killing by a police officer in 2014. This essay discusses these particular aesthetic responses and then evaluates the possibilities for the requiem as a Christian practice of civic engagement by appropriating Charles Mathewes’s articulation of hopeful citizenship. In cases when the law is perceived to be complicit in devaluing African American personhood, liturgy can be a meaningful Christian response.
Distribution Functions and Characteristic Functions

In pr. theory, a distribution junction (d.f.), to be denoted by F, with or without affixes, is a nondecreasing function, continuous from the left and bounded by 0 and 1 on R.
Accounting quality and financing arrangements in emerging economies

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how borrowers’ accounting quality influences bank loan syndicates across 11 emerging markets. Furthermore, an investigation of whether the relationship between accounting quality and the bank loan syndicate structure is influenced by borrowers’ governance standards is conducted. Design/methodology/approach – To empirically test the research question, a sample including 11 emerging countries is constructed. Following Chen et al. (2011), an accounting quality measure is constructed by aggregating the three commonly used indicators developed by Kothari et al. (2005), McNichols and Stubben (2008) and Dechow and Dichev (2002). A univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis are conducted to investigate the relationship between accounting quality and bank loan syndicate structure after controlling for firm characteristics and other variables. Findings – The results of this research show that lead lenders need to retain more ownership and organize a more concentrated lo...
Across the disciplines: Does subsidized document delivery meet the challenges?

Abstract The authors describe how subsidized, self-service document delivery at the University of Tennessee Library meets researchers' needs with emphasis on comparing delivery service performance by users' discipline. Analysis of use reports from the document delivery vendor (UnCover) and a user survey are the major components of the study presented here. Recognizing that document delivery is like other elements of collection management in that needs vary by discipline, the researchers also acknowledge that libraries never achieve equity in meeting information needs in all fields. The authors set out to test the assumption that researchers in the sciences benefited from a subsidized document delivery service more than those in the social sciences and humanities. Overall satisfaction rates were high across disciplines, while awareness and use was highest among science researchers. Librarians at the University of Tennessee concluded that the Un-Cover@UTK service is useful as one alternative to local owners...
Spin dynamics of superfluid 3 He- A 1

The spin dynamics of homogeneous superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-${A}_{1}$ is discussed within the adiabatic approximation. This gives the tipping-angle-dependent precession frequency and the decay envelope for multiple spin echoes, with neglect of diffusion and relaxation effects. Intrinsic superfluid relaxation is shown to be dominated by normal ${T}_{1}$ processes. This leads to magnetization recoveries in which the polarization behaves as if in the ${A}_{2}$ phase or normal fluid.
Interpartical Attractions and the Mechanical Properties of Colloidal Gels

The influence of the strength of interparticle attractions on the mechanical properties of colloidal gels is explored. As attractions increase, suspensions gel. At the gel point the zero shear rate viscosity diverges while the low frequency modulus becomes measurable. In addition at the gel point, storage and loss moduli were of the same order and displayed power law sealing on oscillation frequency. With much stronger attractions, the critical strain required to rupture the gel scales in a power law manner or elastic modulus. These observations are discussed in terns of recently developed models of gel fonnation and dynamics.
Relationship between polymorphism of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor gene-968G /A and Coxsackie viral myocarditis

Objectives To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor(CAR) gene G968A and Coxsackie viral myocarditis in Han Population of South China.Methods 130 Coxsackie virus B-IgM positive patients(myocarditis group) derived from 280 patients with viral myocarditis and 130 healthy children(control group) were enrolled.The 968G /A polymorphism in CAR gene was detected by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing in two groups.Serum CAR levels in the two groups were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The frequencies of CAR GG genotypes and G alleles in myocarditis group were significantly higher than those in control group(P 0.05).Serum CAR level in myocarditis group was significantly higher than that in control group(P 0.01).The people with CAR 968G allele(GG + GA) had higher level of serum CAR and Coxackie virus B infection rate than those only with CAR 968A allele(AA)(P 0.05).Conclusions CAR gene-968G /A polymorphism is associated with Coxsackie viral myocarditis in the Han population of South China,and G allele is a susceptible gene of Coxsackie viral myocarditis.
Sudden Stops in Capital Flows

This chapter analyzes Sudden Stops in capital flows, defined as large and unexpected stops in the financing of the current account deficit, mostly occurring in Emerging Markets and frequently triggered by systemic external financial turmoil. It provides a rationale for the occurrence of these supply-side financial shocks and focuses on the costs of Sudden Stops, including balance-sheet effects and their impact on output loss, as well as downward deviations from precrisis trends. Empirical determinants of the likelihood of Sudden Stops are identified, including domestic liability dollarization, current account deficits, and financial integration. Ex-ante policies to reduce the likelihood of Sudden Stops are discussed, together with policy responses − fiscal, monetary, and reserve management − in the aftermath of a Sudden Stop.
Peptides in Neurobiology: Historical Introduction

Considerable current interest in neurobiological research centers on modes of information transfer that digress from standard synaptic transmission and involve nonconventional chemical mediators, particularly peptides. This first chapter, a retrospective overview of the discovery and interpretation of “peptidergic” neurons, is primarily concerned with the phenomenon of neurosecretion, which has the distinction of constituting the most unorthodox sector in neuroscience.
When Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Extending the Reach of Qualitative Data Collecting

Through the lens of a study exploring dementia care partnering, the purpose of this methods article is to focus on the role of artifacts and embodied data in data collection. In addition, it illustrates how to use a range of data collecting methods. The article identifies benefits of additional data collecting methods to research and care. These include the need to expand data collecting methods beyond spoken word, integrate a range of data collecting approaches into research courses across disciplines, increase support of qualitative research, and advocate for greater inclusivity in research. Data collecting approaches can also have implications for quality of life among persons often excluded from research-building endeavors. They can contribute to the unfolding of new findings, which can influence care practices.
Transplantation of the Rectus femoris Muscle

Pioneer work in muscle transplantation was carried out by Tamai, Kubo, Harii and Ikuta [1–4]. The first use of the rectus femoris muscle in a human was performed May 20, 1976, in a 49 year old man whose flexor aspect of the forearm was severely injured in an industrial accident. Prior reconstructive steps included initial debridement and coverage with a pedicle skin flap; with later sural nerve grafting to reconstruct the median and ulnar nerves.
Risk Management: A Corporate Governance Manual

As we sift through the debris of the last economic crisis, we are reminded again that most business disasters can be traced back to bad risk taking. In particular, when managers over reach and expose their businesses to the wrong type of risks or too much risk, investors in these firms (stockholders and lenders) bear the immediate cost, but employees, customers and taxpayers all suffer collateral damage. Of all the tasks that make up corporate governance, none is more critical than oversight of risk: Are the decision makers in the firm taking the right risks and the right amount of these risks, hedging the appropriate risks and allowing the correct risks to pass through to investors? In this manual, we aim to lay out the scope of risk management, by first defining risk and looking at how human beings react to risk in the first three chapters. We then look at measuring and dealing with risk in the next few chapters, by examining how risk measures have evolved over time and the different tools that we use to incorporate risk into decision making. We close the manual by arguing for a much broader view of risk management and its impact on the value of a business and by developing a template for building a good risk taking organization. Each chapter begins by stating a theme for that chapter, followed by a brief examination of the key issues relating to that theme. At the end of each chapter is a set of tasks that can be used to convert the abstractions and propositions in that chapter to real world corporate governance tests/measures for any organization.
Joint Transceiver Design for Linear MMSE Data Fusion in Coherent MAC Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract This paper considers the design of minimal mean square error (MMSE) transceivers in a wireless sensor network. The problem is nonconvex and challenging, and previous results (with partial solutions and/or with convergence unproved) left much to be desired. Here we propose several approaches – 2 block coordinate descent (BCD), essentially cyclic multi-block method and its variants and distributive method to solve this problem. The proposed 2-BCD approach formulates the subproblem of joint beamformer optimization as a general second-order cone programming problem, which lends itself to standard numerical solvers and which requires no extra assumptions like previous works do. The proposed essentially cyclic multi-block approach further decomposes the joint beamformer design subproblem into multiple blocks, and rigorously solves each with semi-closed-form solution. The distributive algorithm optimizes transmitters in a decentralized manner and has never been considered in existing literature. The distributive algorithm has time complexity independent of number of sensors and is especially suitable for large-scale networks. All the previous BCD-based approaches left some singularity issue unattended as well as the convergence property unaddressed, our proposals are the first to provide a complete and provably-converging analytical solution. Extensive analysis and simulations demonstrate the merits of the novel approaches relative to existing alternatives.