cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topical Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Acute Soft Tissue Injuries

The empirical evidence supporting the use of topical NSAIDs in acute soft tissue injuries is weak. However, patient ratings of improvement consistently favor NSAID treatment over placebo. Although it is very difficult to differentiate the placebo effect from the natural course of improvement in these patients, the overall impression given by these studies is that of superior efficacy of topical NSAIDs over placebo. The study by Akermark and Forsskahl suggests that indomethacin applied topically is as effective as therapeutic doses of oral indomethacin. Further studies need to be conducted to generalize this conclusion to other NSAIDs. Studies comparing the relative efficacy of topical NSAIDs with counterirritants available over-the-counter (e.g., menthol, camphor, methylsalicylate) also would be useful.
Towards genome-wide prediction and characterization of enhancers in plants

Enhancers are important cis-regulatory DNA elements that regulate transcription programs by recruiting transcription factors and directing them to the promoters of target genes in a cell-type/tissue-specific manner. The expression of a gene can be regulated by one or multiple enhancers at different developmental stages and/or in different tissues. Enhancers are difficult to identify because of their unpredictable positions relative to their cognate promoters. Remarkably, only a handful of enhancers have been identified in plant species largely due to the lack of general approaches for enhancer identification. Extensive genomic and epigenomic research in mammalian species has revealed that the genomic locations of enhancers can be predicted based on the binding sites of transcriptional co-factors and several distinct features associated with open chromatin. Here we review the methodologies used in enhancer prediction in mammalian species. We also review the recent applications of these methodologies in Arabidopsis thaliana and discuss the future directions of enhancer identification in plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Networks, edited by Dr. Erich Grotewold and Dr. Nathan Springer.
Technological Change and China’s Naval Modernization: Security Implications for Taiwan

Since World War 11, the United States has served as a stabilizer in the Asia-Pacific, acting as a military counterbalance to the Soviet Union during the Cold War and offering a security umbrella for its allies for more than sixty years. The order in Asia, created and maintained by the United States, brought about peace, stability and prosperity for its regional allies. China, which has enjoyed three decades of robust economic growth and a commitment to military modernization, is currently challenging this order. This chapter analyses China’s efforts to challenge US supremacy in the region through the enhancement of sea-power and the risk this poses for Taiwan, Specifically, this chapter analyses the relationship of technology to sea-power, and claims that China’s investment in military technology, particularly as applied to its maritime assets, is transforming China’s sea-power and is changing the cross-Strait balance of power in its favour.
A thorny question

Among Christians there has been general agreement that loving concern should extend to all, including enemies, and that love in the heart should manifest itself in deeds. Concerning what those deeds should be there has been much less agreement. Indeed, Christians' views have diverged at every level of moral discernment – with respect to all actions, general types of action, specific types of action, and individual actions. At the second, next-to-most-general level, on which this study will focus, various Christian preference-rules vie for recognition or jostle for precedence. With respect to self and others, competing rules have varied from self-preference at one extreme to denial of all self-seeking at the other. With respect to specific categories of others, there has been somewhat greater consensus. Christians have agreed, for example, both that preference should go to one's nearest and dearest, to some extent, and that preference should go to the neediest, to some extent. However, to what extent? Suppose these two preferences come into conflict, as they frequently do, and nearest vie with neediest. What then? A TROUBLING VERDICT Philosophers as well as theologians have grappled with this question; and society at large has had its own, less formulated views. Some decades ago, the Cambridge philosopher A. C. Ewing remarked: “It is clear that the money spent by a man in order to provide his son with a university education could save the lives of many people who were perishing of hunger in a famine, yet most people would rather blame than praise a man who should deprive his son of a university education on this account.”
Presidential address : Humanistic teaching and technology

L'A. se demande comment les nouvelles technologies peuvent etre employees dans le cadre d'un enseignement de type humaniste et s'attache a definir ce que recouvre une perspective humaniste en sociologie puis a caracteriser une demarche pedagogique humaniste. Il montre que les nouvelles technologies peuvent constituer un outil pedagogique de premier plan pour un enseignement humaniste
Abstract 2048: Pharmacodynamic biomarker studies of TRC105 anti-endoglin (CD105) antibody revealed anti-angiogenic activity associated with CD105 depletion

Introduction: CD105 is involved in normal vascular development. It is over expressed on the surface of proliferating vascular endothelial cells and is implicated in tumor angiogenesis. In hypoxic conditions, CD105 is upregulated through induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α. TRC105 is a chimeric IgG1 antibody specific for CD105 and the agent for this phase I trial. Methods: 20 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were treated with TRC105 at six dose levels in a phase I trial. Blood samples were analyzed for CD105 antigen depletion, VEGF as a marker for systemic hypoxia, and PSA. Results: Maximum tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg every two weeks was reached. Significant plasma CD105 reduction was observed at high dose levels. The reduction of CD105 was associated with induction of plasma VEGF. Ten patients had stable disease, and the reduction of CD105 is associated with PSA stabilization. Conclusion: A significant induction of VEGF was associated with CD105 reduction at three high dose levels, suggesting the anti-angiogenic activity of TRC105. Exploratory analysis showed a tentative correlation between the reduced CD105 and a decreased PSA velocity, suggestive of potential antitumor activity of TRC105 in metastatic prostate cancer. Citation Format: Liang Cao, Fatima Karzai, Andrea Apolo, Ravi Madan, Yunkai Yu, James Gulley, William Figg, William Dahut. Pharmacodynamic biomarker studies of TRC105 anti-endoglin (CD105) antibody revealed anti-angiogenic activity associated with CD105 depletion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2048.
ARISTOTLE ON HERMES' SANDALS IN SCHOL . T ILIAD 24.340: A NEGLECTED ‘FRAGMENT’? *

Hermes, rising for action, is twice ( Il . 24.340-1 and Od . 5.44-5) described as follows: αὐτίκ’ ἔπeιθ’ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, | ἀμβρόσια χρύσeια (‘then, at once he bound beneath his feet beautiful sandals, ambrosial and golden’). In both cases, the verses that follow imply that the sandals enable Hermes to travel over land and sea, as fast as the wind. Athena is described in the same way at Od . 1.96-7: ὣς eἰποῦσ’ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα, | ἀμβρόσια χρύσeια. And a line including ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα and preceded by ὑπὸ ποσσὶν or ποσσὶ … ὑπό, but without reference to any divine powers, appears four times in the Iliad , describing the actions of Agamemnon (2.44, 10.22), Nestor (10.132) and Hera (14.186), and five times in the Odyssey , describing the actions of Odysseus (2.4), Menelaus (4.309) and Telemachus (15.550, 17.2, 20.126).
342 Community safety by design: preventing violence through land use

Background Violence is preventable, and land use strategies can enhance community safety. A growing evidence base, grounded in research and community practice, describes the factors that affect the likelihood of violence. Many of these factors are impacted by how land is used, by whom and for what purposes. Even though community safety is essential for a thriving neighbourhood, land use decisions are rarely made with violence prevention in mind and have historically done great harm to communities of colour and low-income groups. Too often, contemporary land use decisions criminalise behaviour when they could expand access and opportunities instead. Reframing the issue to focus on preventing violence rather than crime and incorporating a greater focus on safety in land use decisions holds immense promise for increasing community safety. Objective This session explores the relationship between land use and community safety as an emerging topic in research and practice and delineates the roles of multiple sectors in enhancing safety. Results Land use decisions across diverse sectors can have transformative impacts on community health and practitioners and researchers are searching for ways to think more deeply about these connexions. The Spectrum of Prevention, a signature Prevention Institute tool for developing comprehensive community health strategies, offers a framework to develop mutually-reinforcing strategies across levels ranging from policy and legislation to individual knowledge and skills. These recommendations offer the opportunity to shift norms around land use and community safety and build capacity among practitioners and researchers to make land use decisions that help prevent violence before it occurs. Conclusions Land use decisions made with community safety as an explicit desired outcome can prevent violence, transform and revitalise public spaces, expand opportunities, and foster connexion and hope within communities.
Free‐breathing volumetric fat/water separation by combining radial sampling, compressed sensing, and parallel imaging

Purpose Conventional fat/water separation techniques require that patients hold breath during abdominal acquisitions, which often fails and limits the achievable spatial resolution and anatomic coverage. This work presents a novel approach for free-breathing volumetric fat/water separation. Methods Multiecho data are acquired using a motion-robust radial stack-of-stars three-dimensional GRE sequence with bipolar readout. To obtain fat/water maps, a model-based reconstruction is used that accounts for the off-resonant blurring of fat and integrates both compressed sensing and parallel imaging. The approach additionally enables generation of respiration-resolved fat/water maps by detecting motion from k-space data and reconstructing different respiration states. Furthermore, an extension is described for dynamic contrast-enhanced fat-water–separated measurements. Results Uniform and robust fat/water separation is demonstrated in several clinical applications, including free-breathing noncontrast abdominal examination of adults and a pediatric subject with both motion-averaged and motion-resolved reconstructions, as well as in a noncontrast breast exam. Furthermore, dynamic contrast-enhanced fat/water imaging with high temporal resolution is demonstrated in the abdomen and breast. Conclusion The described framework provides a viable approach for motion-robust fat/water separation and promises particular value for clinical applications that are currently limited by the breath-holding capacity or cooperation of patients. Magn Reson Med 78:565–576, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Assembling Transgender Moments.

ABSTRACTIn this article, the author seeks to assemble moments—scholarly, popular, and aesthetic—in order to explore the possibilities that emerge as moments collect in education's encounters with the needs, struggles, and possibilities of transgender lives and practices. Assembling moments, the author argues, illustrates the value of “moments” as signifying both a time period and a gathering momentum. Moments, the author argues, come to inform history, become part of history, and when assembled, allow contemporary education to gather around complex and complicated issues and affects to teach toward justice in our digital and non-digital worlds. Assembling moments, as a method, the author looks to offer a form of criticism associated with “positive habits” that allow scholars to assist in protecting and caring for the ongoing (and emerging) vulnerabilities faced by transgender individuals by focusing on moments past and present in order to construct a future.
IL6-mediated inflammatory loop reprograms normal to epithelial-mesenchymal transition+ metastatic cancer stem cells in preneoplastic liver of transforming growth factor beta–deficient β2-spectrin+/− mice

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a poor survival rate. As many as 40% of HCCs are clonal, with alteration of key tumor-suppressor pathways in stem cells as the primary cause of HCC initiation. However, mechanisms that generate metastatic stem cells in preneoplastic liver tissue are not well understood. We hypothesized that chronic inflammation is a major driver of the transformation of genetically defective liver stem cells (LSCs) into highly metastatic liver cancer cells in premalignant liver tissue. We developed models of chronic inflammation in wild-type (WT) and β2-spectrin (β2SP)+/− (SPTBN1) mice. CD133+ LSCs derived from preneoplastic livers of β2SP+/− mice treated with interleukin-6 (pIL6; IL6β2SP+/− LSCs) were highly tumorigenic and metastatic, whereas those derived from WT mice treated with pIL6 (IL6WT LSCs) had significantly less proliferation and no tumorigenic properties. IL6β2SP+/− LSCs not only exhibited nuclear localization of Twist and Slug, markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also constitutive activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB; RELA). Knockdown of NFκB decreased the EMT phenotypes and metastatic capacity of these cells. NFκB in IL6β2SP+/− LSCs was activated by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; MAP3K7), which is associated with poor survival in HCC and interleukin-6 (IL6) expression. The amount of constitutively activated NFκB increased dramatically from normal to cirrhotic to HCC tissues from human patients. Conclusion: IL6-mediated inflammation programs constitutive activation of the TAK1-NFκB signaling cascade in CD133+ LSCs, and this program interacts with deficient TGFβ signaling, thereby accelerating the transformation of normal LSCs to metastatic cancer stem cells (mCSCs). Indeed, this study delineates the development of EMT-positive mCSCs in HCC-free liver tissue upon chronic inflammation. (Hepatology 2017;65:1222-1236).
Analysis of Experimental Data

All but two of the examples we have discussed in this book are twin experiments where laboratory or field data is not available. The example of the Colpitts circuit (Quinn et al., 2009) seen in Chap. 2 was a mixture of simulation and analysis of experimental data. Also in the example of the Malkus waterwheel (Illing et al., 2012a), experimental data was available, but we did not use it.
The Propagation Matrix Method for the Band Problem with a Plane Boundary

Solution of electronic problems involving plane surfaces on crystals requires solution of the band problem for real energy E in complex k space, and superposition of the generalized Bloch functions at the surface. A compact and general formulation of the problem of finding these Bloch functions and matching them across a plane makes use of a numerical matrix, the propagation matrix P, obtained from the Schrodinger equation. The eigenvectors of P are just the desired Bloch functions, and the eigenvalues give all k⊥ values at given E, k// (component parallel to the surface). Thus once P is found, the band problem is reduced to an ordinary eigenvalue problem; the bands can be followed along any line in k space parallel to k⊥ by varying k//; the potential may be complex (to describe inelastic scattering). A procedure for generating P by integration of a matrix equation has the advantage that a general anistropic potential can be used, but the disadvantage of a Fourier expansion parallel to the surface plane which does not hold well near the nucleus; hence it applies best for potentials that are weak or have a small number of Fourier coefficients. By generating P for a single layer by a two-dimensional version of KKR, this limitation is avoided for muffin-tin potentials.
Supporting Information Needs of Transitional Phases in Diabetes Management Through Online Health Communities

As of 2014, 29.1 million people in the US have diabetes. Diabetes has a substantial and increasing impact on the quality of life. Patients face the burden of self-management and the challenge of 'transitional' phases, when they need to find out about their options and the next course of action. The field has under-explored the specific information needs patients have during those transitional phases. I aim to investigate the information needs in the transitional phases and develop design requirements in providing balanced and comprehensive information to better support patient information needs.
Software Modeling and Design: Client/Server Software Architecture Case Study

This chapter describes how the COMET/UML software modeling and design method is applied to the design of a client/server software architecture (see Chapter 15): a Banking System. In addition, the design of the ATM Client is an example of concurrent software design (see Chapter 18), and the design of the Banking Service is an example of sequential object-oriented software design (see Chapter 14). The problem description is given in Section 21.1. Section 21.2 describes the use case model for the Banking System. Section 21.3 describes the static model, covering static modeling of both the system context and entity classes. Section 21.4 describes how to structure the system into objects. Section 21.5 describes dynamic modeling, in which interaction diagrams are developed for each of the use cases. Section 21.6 describes the ATM statechart. Sections 21.7 through 21.14 describe the design model for the Banking System. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION A bank has several automated teller machines (ATMs) that are geographically distributed and connected via a wide area network to a central server. Each ATM machine has a card reader, a cash dispenser, a keyboard/display, and a receipt printer. By using the ATM machine, a customer can withdraw cash from either a checking or savings account, query the balance of an account, or transfer funds from one account to another. A transaction is initiated when a customer inserts an ATM card into the card reader.
Trust Term Extension: An Economic Analysis

To compete for trust assets following a change in the federal tax code, many states repealed or abrogated the Rule Against Perpetuities (RAP). By repealing the RAP, these states allow a settlor to create a trust that lasts forever: a “dynasty trust” or “perpetual trust.” In a thoughtful article, Trust Term Extension, Reid Kress Weisbord asks: “[C]ould the duration of a trust settled in a jurisdiction governed by the Rule Against Perpetuities be extended indefinitely after the jurisdiction’s repeal of the Rule Against Perpetuities?” While I believe that Weisbord is correct in the starting point of his analysis (the settlor's intent) and his conclusion (the law should not allow a trustee to extend a trust beyond the perpetuities period), I would suggest a different mode of analysis: an economic analysis of trust term extension. An economic analysis of trust term extension (as well as trust modification more generally) should analyze the costs of specifying contingencies in a trust, including potential changes in the law, and the error costs and decision costs of discerning a settlor’s probable intent. Thus, after criticizing three of Weisbord’s arguments, I offer a brief economic analysis of trust term extension and suggest why economic arguments may provide an alternative yet superior justification for generally not allowing perpetual trust conversions of existing trusts.
The Potential and Limitations of Universal Background Checking for Gun Purchasers

Current federal law defies logic in requiring that only purchasers who buy from federally licensed sellers be subject to background checking. Thus, universal background checking is frequently proposed as the best and most important form of “sensible gun control”. Upon closer inspection, however, universal background checking would be harder to implement and enforce than proponents recognize. Moreover, the likely payoff in reduction of gun homicides, crimes and suicides would be less than what is often assumed. This Article closely examines universal background checking in theory and practice, including the Manchin-Toomey Amendment which Congress rejected in 2013 but which continues to be reintroduced.
Interlocked archimedean spirals for conversion of planar rigid panels into locally flexible panels with stiffness control

Abstract We present a relief cutting method to turn rigid planar surfaces into flexible ones using meander patterns that consist of interlocked Archimedean spirals. We have developed an approach to obtain all possible such 2D meander patterns with a set of simple remeshing processes. Our algorithm can be applied to any polygonal mesh to produce 2D meander patterns. Since these meander patterns are obtained by remeshing processes, we can control the local properties of the pattern with intensity of images to obtain different stiffness values in different regions. This approach provides a simple interface to construct desired patterns.
Modification of Component Preference on a Multiple Variable Interval Variable Time Schedule: Implications for Chronic Welfare Dependency

During choice testing, 20 rats obtained food pellets by leverpressing on a variable interval (VI) or obtained them freely on a variable time (VT) schedule. Alternation of schedule components occurred when a rat emitted a changeover response on one of the two response levers in the chamber. Rats which had 20 days access to the changeover lever before testing (Group C-C-C) showed a very strong preference for the VT component during the 10-day choice period. Rats which received 20 days of VI training before access to the changeover lever showed a strong preference for the VI component. Rats which received primarily free food for 10 days, were then given 10 days of VI training only, showed a preference for the VT component but this preference was significantly less than that of Group C-C-C.
Geniculate Ganglion Neurons are Multimodal and Variable in Receptive Field Characteristics

Abstract Afferent chorda tympani (CT) fibers innervating anterior tongue fungiform papillae have neuron cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion (GG). To characterize electrophysiological and receptive field properties, we recorded extracellular responses from single GG neurons to lingual application with chemical, thermal and mechanical stimuli. Receptive field size was mapped by electrical stimulation of individual fungiform papillae. Responses of GG neurons to room temperature chemical stimuli representing five taste qualities, and distilled water at 4 °C and mechanical stimulation were used. Based on responses to these stimuli, GG neurons were divided into CHEMICAL, CHEMICAL/THERMAL, THERMAL and TACTILE groups. Neurons in the CHEMICAL group responded to taste stimuli but not to either cold water or stroking stimuli. CHEMICAL/THERMAL neurons responded to both taste stimuli and cold water. THERMAL neurons responded only to cold water and TACTILE neurons responded only to light stroking stimuli. The receptive field sizes for CHEMICAL, and CHEMICAL/THERMAL neurons averaged five papillae exceeding the field size of THERMAL and TACTILE neurons which averaged about two papillae. Detailed analysis of the receptive field of CHEMICAL/THERMAL neurons revealed that within one field only a subset of the fungiform papillae making up the receptive field responded to the cold stimuli, whereas the other papillae responded only to chemical stimuli. These finding demonstrate that fungiform papilla are complex sensory organs with a multisensory function suggesting a unique role in detecting and sampling food components prior to ingestion.
A computational study on the influence of insect wing geometry on bee flight mechanics.

Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to better understand the effects of wing cross-sectional morphology on flow field and force production. The influence of wing cross-section on insect scale flapping flight performance is investigated for the first time using a morphologically representative model of a bee (Bombus pensylvanicus) wing. The bee wing cross-section was determined using a microCT scanner. The results of the bee wing are compared with flat and elliptical cross-sections, representative of those used in modern literature, to determine the impact of profile variation on aerodynamic performance. The flow field surrounding each cross-section and the resulting forces are resolved using CFD for a flight speed range of 1 to 5 m/s. A significant variation in vortex formation is found when comparing the ellipse and flat plate with the true bee wing. During the upstroke, the bee and approximate wing cross-sections have a much shorter wake structure than the flat plate or ellipse. During the downstroke, the flat plate and elliptical cross-sections generate a single leading edge vortex, while the approximate and bee wings generate numerous, smaller structures that are shed throughout the stroke. Comparing the instantaneous aerodynamic forces on the wing, the ellipse and flat plate sections deviate progressively with velocity from the true bee wing. Based on the present findings, a simplified cross-section of an insect wing can misrepresent the flow field and force production. We present the first aerodynamic study using a true insect wing cross-section and show that the wing corrugation increases the LEV formation frequency for a given set of kinematics.
The Academic Adaptation of Immigrant Students with Interrupted Schooling

This study provides the first national-level assessment of the size and academic performance of immigrant students with interrupted schooling. Exploiting unique aspects of the Educational Longitudi...
Inelastic behavior and load displacement equations of low-rise RC solid and perforated shear walls

Publisher Summary This chapter provides analytical and experimental comparisons for inelastic behavior of low-rise reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls with or without openings. The analytical studies are based on finite element formulation with N. S. Ottosen's failure criterion of concrete and nonlinear constitutive relationships. Isoparametric hexahedron elements with eight nodes are used for concrete, while steel is assumed to be uniformly distributed over concrete elements. The walls studied have height to width ratios varying from 0.5 to 1.0 and an opening ratio (opening area to wall surface area) from 0 to 0.2, for which changes in horizontal and vertical steel ratio (from 0.25 % to 1.0%) and the influence of diagonal steel are considered. Computer results are compared reasonably well with experimental data, including failure mechanics, the relationship between shear and lateral displacement, the influence of openings, and the contribution of diagonal steel to a wall's resistance capacities at various loading stages. Equations based on regression are derived for calculating crack, yielding, and ultimate loads, and their associated displacements of various low-rise shear walls.
Dissecting MMP P10′ and P11′ subsite sequence preferences, utilizing a positional scanning, combinatorial triple-helical peptide library

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that remodel the extracellular matrix environment and mitigate outside-in signaling. Loss of regulation of MMP activity plays a role in numerous pathological states. In particular, aberrant collagenolysis affects tumor invasion and metastasis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. To evaluate the collagen sequence preferences of MMPs, a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial library was synthesized herein and was used to investigate the P10′ and P11′ substrate subsites. The scaffold for the library was a triple-helical peptide mimic of the MMP cleavage site in types I–III collagen. A FRET-based enzyme activity assay was used to evaluate the sequence preferences of eight MMPs. Deconvolution of the library data revealed distinct motifs for several MMPs and discrimination among closely related MMPs. On the basis of the screening results, several individual peptides were designed and evaluated. A triple-helical substrate incorporating Asp–Lys in the P10′–P11′ subsites offered selectivity between MMP-14 and MMP-15, whereas Asp–Lys or Trp–Lys in these subsites discriminated between MMP-2 and MMP-9. Future screening of additional subsite positions will enable the design of selective triple-helical MMP probes that could be used for monitoring in vivo enzyme activity and enzyme-facilitated drug delivery. Furthermore, selective substrates could serve as the basis for the design of specific triple-helical peptide inhibitors targeting only those MMPs that play a detrimental role in a disease of interest.
Squeeze flows in liquid films bound by porous disks

Squeeze flows in liquid films between a porous disk and an impermeable disk generated by the relative motion of the disks are analysed. Two configurations that differ by the arrangement of (im)permeable external surfaces that bound the porous disk (i.e. not in contact with the liquid film) are considered. Such configurations allow for bearings with tuneable load-bearing characteristics and are also encountered in joint lubrication, adhesion, printing and composite manufacturing. In the present study, flow in the porous disk is governed by Darcy’s law and flow in the liquid film is described using lubrication theory. The present analysis also allows for slip between the liquid film and porous disk. Analytical solutions of the coupled system of equations governing flow in the liquid film and the porous disk are found. Under certain conditions, somewhat unexpected flow patterns are observed in the porous disk. The load-bearing capacity for both configurations is also examined as a function of the permeability and geometry of the permeable disk.
Eudaimonia: Happiness and Priorities in Plato’s Alcibiades Major and Plato’s Apology

“Eudaimonia: Happiness and Priorities in Plato’s Alcibiades Major and Plato’s Apology” argues that the principal themes of happiness and priorities found in Plato’s Alcibiades Major are also found in Plato’s Apology, rendering each dialogue a natural complement to the other. By first reading the Apology as a synoptic view of Socrates’ orientation, and then reading Alcibiades Major as a specific illustration of Socrates’ cross-examination, we begin to see that Socrates is arguing for a radical perspective regarding one’s priorities: our lives should be directed at some ultimate end with other ends subordinate to it.
Investigation of cookie vulnerabilities: poster

Cookies have emerged as one of the most convenient solutions to keep track of browsers. They continue to raise both security and privacy concerns due to their continuous evolution. There is limited support for confidentiality, integrity and authentication in the way cookies are used. In this respect, the possibilities for misusing cookies are very real and are being exploited. This paper will first discuss the pros and cons of cookies. Also, discuss the step by step process of how cookies work. This paper will discuss the preferences of users based on survey results. This paper will discuss cookie vulnerabilities, ways to exploit them, and ways to mitigate them.
Augmented Reality Applied to LEGO Construction: AR-based Building Instructions with High Accuracy & Precision and Realistic Object-Hand Occlusions.

BRICKxAR is a novel Augmented Reality (AR) instruction method for construction toys such as LEGO. With BRICKxAR, physical LEGO construction is guided by virtual bricks. Compared with the state-of-the-art, accuracy of the virtual - physical model alignment is significantly improved through a new design of marker-based registration, which can achieve an average error less than 1mm throughout the model. Realistic object occlusion is accomplished to reveal the true spatial relationship between physical and virtual bricks. LEGO players' hand detection and occlusion are realized to visualize the correct spatial relationship between real hands and virtual bricks, and allow virtual bricks to be "grasped" by real hands. The integration of these features makes AR instructions possible for small-parts assembly, validated through a working AR prototype for constructing LEGO Arc de Triomphe, quantitative measures of the accuracies of registration and occlusions, and heuristic evaluation of AR instruction features.
Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD: The early years, 1878–1896:

A founder of paleopathology, the study of disease in ancient human remains, Sir Marc Armand Ruffer, MD (1859–1917) served in Egypt, from 1896 to 1917, as a public-health administrator, epidemiologi...
Graphical Forms: The Adaptation of Sherin’s Symbolic Forms for the Analysis of Graphical Reasoning Across Disciplines

In this paper, we introduce and discuss a construct called graphical forms, an extension of Sherin’s symbolic forms. In its original conceptualization, symbolic forms characterize the ideas students associate with patterns in a mathematical expression. To expand symbolic forms beyond only characterizing mathematical equations, we use the general term registration to describe structural features attended to by individuals (parts of an equation or regions in a graph). When mathematical ideas are assigned to registrations in a graph, we characterize this as reasoning using graphical forms. As an analytic framework, graphical forms provide the language to discuss intuitive mathematical ideas associated with features in a graph, but we are also interested in engagement in modeling. Our approach to investigating graphical reasoning involves conceptualizing modeling as discussing mathematical narratives. This affords the language to describe reasoning about the process (or “story”) that could give rise to a graph; in practice, this occurs when mathematical reasoning (i.e. reasoning using graphical forms) is integrated with context-specific ideas. In this work we describe graphical forms as an extension of symbolic forms and emphasize its utility for analyzing graphical reasoning. In order to illustrate how the framework could be applied, we provide examples of interpretations of graphs across disciplines, using graphs selected from introductory biology, calculus, chemistry, and physics textbooks.
Plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV patient with cutaneous presentation: A case of remarkable remission in a typically refractory disease.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare, aggressive lymphoma of B-cell lineage and is frequently but not always associated with HIV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Unlike diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the most common aggressive lymphoma, PBL is associated with a dire prognosis when treated using regimens commonly adopted for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Most studies, albeit all small sample sizes, report survival in the range of 3 to 12 months. Long-term survival for patients with relapsed PBL is extremely rare, as the malignancy becomes highly resistant to chemotherapy. PBL rarely involves skin. Our case describes a patient with nodal and extranodal involvement of PBL, presenting in skin. Despite refractoriness to the initial combination chemotherapy, the patient has achieved a durable remission.
122 – Integral Methods

Publisher Summary This chapter describes application and yield of integral methods. It is applicable to linear and nonlinear partial differential equations. It yields an approximation of the solution. A sequence of physical approximations may lead to an approximate solution. There are generally three separate steps in using the common integral approximation techniques. A physical boundary is assumed to be at some finite distance. A weak form of the equations is assumed to hold, up to the boundary described above. The form of the solution is guessed by the method of undetermined coefficients. The diffusion equation has an infinite propagation speed, and the value of u at all points is immediately changed from u0. The change from u0 will be exponentially small at large distances, it is assumed it is zero for ≥ β(t).
Vortex dynamics and applications to gaseous optical elements

Experimental studies of the optical properties of compressible, viscous, and rapidly rotating gas flows (vortices) are presented. Gas vortices can function as optical elements such as lenses or waveguides. The optical properties are determined from direct interferometric phase measurements and beam propagation analysis. Output beams are analyzed in terms of Zernike polynomials for a range of gas flow parameters, including choked flow. The absolute radial gas density distribution is measured, and a technique for adjusting it is demonstrated.
Characteristics, outcomes and 60-day hospital mortality of ICU patients with Covid-19 and acute kidney injury

Background AKI has been reported in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and it is associated with higher mortality. The aim of our study is to describe characteristics, outcomes, and 60-day hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods We conducted a retrospective study in which all adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to ICUs of Montefiore Medical Center and developing AKI were included. The study period ranged from March 10 to April 11, 2020. The 60-day follow-up data through June 11, 2020 were obtained. Results Of 300 adults admitted to the ICUs with COVID-19 pneumonia, 224 patients (75%) presented with AKI or developed AKI subsequent to admission. A total of 218 (97%) patients required invasive mechanical ventilation for moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A total of 113 (50%) patients had AKI on day 1 of ICU admission. The peak AKI stages observed were stage 1 in 49 (22%), stage 2 in 35 (16%), and stage 3 in 140 (63%) patients, respectively. Among patients with AKI, 114 patients (51%) required RRT. The mortality rate of patients requiring RRT was 70%. Of the 34 patients who were survivors, 25 (74%) were able to be weaned off RRT completely before hospital discharge. Nonsurvivors were older and had significantly higher admission and peak creatinine levels, admission hemoglobin, and peak phosphate levels compared with survivors. The 60-day hospital mortality was 67%. Conclusions COVID-19 requiring ICU admission is associated with high incidence of severe AKI, necessitating RRT in approximately half of such patients. The majority of patients with COVID-19 and AKI in ICU developed moderate to severe ARDS, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Timing or severity of AKI did not affect outcomes. The 60-day hospital mortality is high (67%). Patients with AKI requiring RRT have high mortality, but survivors have good rates of RRT recovery. Podcast This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/K360/2020_12_31_KID0004282020.mp3
Long-Term Effects of Nasoalveolar Molding in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate long-term treatment effects of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).De...
Risk Factors Associated with Adnexal Torsion after Hysterectomy.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for adnexal torsion after hysterectomy, and to estimate the incidence of the disease in the modern-day era of laparoscopic surgery. Design Retrospective nested case-control study. Setting Large urban medical system. Patients Eighty-nine female patients ages 17 to 51. Interventions Patients underwent ovarian-sparing hysterectomy. Measurements and Main Results The estimated incidence of ovarian torsion after hysterectomy was 0.5% (46/8538 ovarian-sparing hysterectomies). The following variables were found to be associated with adnexal torsion after hysterectomy in an adjusted logistic regression: laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted approach to hysterectomy vs any other approach (odds ratio [OR], 3.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–13.23); younger age at the time of hysterectomy (17–40 years) vs older age (41–51 years) (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.33–8.97); and a gynecologic history significant for endometriosis (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.04–15.88). Conclusion There is an association between laparoscopic approach to hysterectomy, younger age at time of hysterectomy, and a history of endometriosis with subsequent risk of adnexal torsion. Providers should have a heightened index of suspicion for adnexal torsion after hysterectomy in patients presenting with acute-onset abdominal pain who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy at a younger age.
Temozolomide in combination with interferon α-2b in patients with metastatic melanoma

BACKGROUND Metastatic melanoma (MM) is associated with a high risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and current chemotherapy does not adequately treat or protect patients with MM against CNS metastases. Therefore, the authors initiated a Phase I study to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of temozolomide (TMZ), a novel oral alkylating agent known to cross the blood-brain barrier, in combination with interferon α-2b (IFN-α2b). METHODS Twenty-three patients with MM were enrolled in this single-center, open-label study. Patients with CNS metastasis were excluded. One cohort (n = 6 patients) received oral TMZ (200 mg/m2 per day) for 5 days every 28-day cycle plus subcutaneous IFN-α2b (5 million International Units [MIU]/m2 per day, 3 times per week). A second cohort (n = 17 patients) received TMZ 150 mg/m2 per day on the same schedule plus escalating doses of IFN-α2b (5.0 MIU/m2 per day, 7.5 MIU/m2 per day, and 10 MIU/m2 per day 3 times per week). RESULTS The most common adverse events were fatigue, fever, nausea/emesis, anxiety, and diarrhea. Most toxicity was mild to moderate in severity. The primary dose-limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose was either TMZ 150 mg/m2 plus IFN-α2b 7.5 MIU/m2 or TMZ 200 mg/m2 plus IFN-α2b 5.0 MIU/m2. Four patients (17%) had objective responses (one complete response and three partial responses), and four patients had stable disease. The median survival was 9 months. The pharmacokinetics of TMZ were not affected by coadministration of IFN-α2b. CONCLUSIONS TMZ can be combined safely with IFN-α2b. This regimen demonstrated clinical activity in patients with MM and merits further investigation to define its effect on the incidence of brain metastases. Cancer 2003;97:121–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11041
Optimize first, buy later: analyzing metrics to ramp-up very large knowledge bases

As knowledge bases move into the landscape of larger ontologies and have terabytes of related data, we must work on optimizing the performance of our tools. We are easily tempted to buy bigger machines or to fill rooms with armies of little ones to address the scalability problem. Yet, careful analysis and evaluation of the characteristics of our data--using metrics--often leads to dramatic improvements in performance. Firstly, are current scalable systems scalable enough? We found that for large or deep ontologies (some as large as 500,000 classes) it is hard to say because benchmarks obscure the load-time costs for materialization. Therefore, to expose those costs, we have synthesized a set of more representative ontologies. Secondly, in designing for scalability, how do we manage knowledge over time? By optimizing for data distribution and ontology evolution, we have reduced the population time, including materialization, for the NCBO Resource Index, a knowledge base of 16.4 billion annotations linking 2.4 million terms from 200 ontologies to 3.5 million data elements, from one week to less than one hour for one of the large datasets on the same machine.
Food irradiation in the news: The cultural clash of a postharvest technology

Food irradiation has been acommercially viable postharvest technology fornearly 50 years (the actual idea of usingionizing radiation to extend the shelf-life offoods is over a century old), yet it has beenused only occasionally and sporadically.Interviews with reporters and the sources theyused at a Louisiana newspaper and a Floridanewspaper uncovered three cultural spherespresent in the debate over this post harvesttechnology – food, science/technology, andjournalism. Each of these spheres were pointsof contention for reporters and sources, andthis has had an affect on the adoption of thetechnology among those involved in the foodindustry. Interviews with both reporters andthe individuals they relied on as sourceselucidate how different issues encompassedwithin different cultural spheres have beenlinked to this post harvest technology, andhave been used to help shape this debate. Thesecultural spheres offer various groups power tocontrol relations with reporters, though thatpower can be usurped by others, including thereporters themselves. Interviews with reportersand their sourses may help us understand howthe values attached to cultural spheres aremobilized by various groups to make sense of acontroversial topic, and how those groups gainentrance to public arenas and are then able tomaintain their presence.
Multiple spacecraft formation control with O-D Method

Formation control of multiple spacecraft flying in deep space about the L 2 libration point is investigated. Dynamics of the spacecraft is formulated as a circular restricted three-body problem with Sun and Earth as the two primaries. A virtual structure (VS) concept is used as a framework for multiple spacecraft formation in which the centre of the virtual rigid body is assumed to follow a nominal orbit around the L 2 libration point. Control is applied to each individual spacecraft so as to keep a constant relative distance from the centre of the VS. The relative formation dynamics is nonlinear and control of this system is carried out using a relatively new suboptimal control technique called as thetas-D technique. The thetas-D method provides approximate analytical solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. As it is a feedback control and in a closed form, it is implementable. Simulation results demonstrate that this controller is able to provide millimeter level formation flying accuracy