cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief paper: An anti-windup technique for LMI regions

The anti-windup problem seeks to minimize closed loop performance deterioration due to input nonlinearities, such as saturation, for a given linear time-invariant plant and controller. This paper presents a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based method that attempts to minimize performance deterioration while explicitly restricting the anti-windup closed loop dynamics. The restriction placed on the dynamics is described via LMI regions, which is a form of regional pole placement. Finally, the techniques discussed in this paper are demonstrated on an electro-hydraulic testbed.
Effect of Process Parameters on Weld Penetration During Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding

Weld penetration is an important parameter to be considered for given process parameters on a pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding machine. A gauge repeatability and reproducibility study (GR&R), components of variation study (COV), and design of experiments (DOE) are used to understand the relationship between the process parameters and weld penetration on 17-4PH H900, 304 Annealed, and 420 Hardened stainless steel pins joined to a 17-4PH H900 stainless steel block. These stainless steels are selected because of their common use for laser welding of medical devices. The function determined via the DOE is then confirmed empirically by trial laser welds at the determined process settings for different weld penetrations. For a given pulse duration (8 ms), laser beam focus diameter (0.4 mm) and cover gas flow rate (5 L/min), the linear regression equation describing the weld penetration, h(mm) as a function of Peak Pulse Power, Pp(W) is found to be h = 0.001657 (Pp) – 0.389 where 300W < Pp < 1100W.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Coupling ligand structure to specific conformational switches in the β2-adrenoceptor

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate a wide variety of physiological functions in response to structurally diverse ligands ranging from cations and small organic molecules to peptides and glycoproteins. For many GPCRs, structurally related ligands can have diverse efficacy profiles. To investigate the process of ligand binding and activation, we used fluorescence spectroscopy to study the ability of ligands having different efficacies to induce a specific conformational change in the human beta2-adrenoceptor (beta2-AR). The 'ionic lock' is a molecular switch found in rhodopsin-family GPCRs that has been proposed to link the cytoplasmic ends of transmembrane domains 3 and 6 in the inactive state. We found that most partial agonists were as effective as full agonists in disrupting the ionic lock. Our results show that disruption of this important molecular switch is necessary, but not sufficient, for full activation of the beta2-AR.
LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGY AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO1

(1964). LANDSCAPE MORPHOLOGY AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 147-159.
Passive and Active Microwave Studies of Wet Snowpack Properties

Microwave signatures have been found to be related to variations in snow conditions found on the earth9s surface. Most of these observations have been obtained by passive microwave radiometry. In general, inverse relationships between microwave brightness temperature ( T B ) and snow depth were observed for dry snowpacks. The results from truck-mounted scatterometers indicated that the backscattering cross sections from snowpacks increased with snow depths, also in dry snow conditions. The reported aircraft mission was the first trial in which simultaneous active and passive microwave measurements were made over a wet snowpack. The test site was located in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The results from this experiment suggest that microwave techniques using both radiometers and scatterometers may be useful in determining snow water equivalent even when the snowpack is wet.
A Practical Method for Preparation of Varicella-Zoster Immune Globulin

Outdated blood from blood banks in Massachusetts was screened for complement-fixing antibody to varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Approximately 15% of the plasma units had a titer greater than or equal to 16, and one-half of these had a titer of greater than or equal to 32. Plasma units with titers of CF antibody to VZV of greater than or equal to 16 were pooled. This pool had a CF antibody titer of 32 and a titer of fluorescent antibody of 64. Varicella-zoster immune globulin was prepared from the selected plasma pool by alcohol fractionation and analyzed for VZV-specific antibody. Varicella-zoster immune globulin had a fluorescent antibody titer of 2,048 and a neutralizing antibody titer of 1,024. This antibody concentration is equivalent to that in preparations of zoster immune globulin made from plasma of donors recovering from recent VZV infection.
Matrix method for stability and second-order analysis of Timoshenko beam-column structures with semi-rigid connections

Abstract The first- and second-order stiffness and load matrices of a beam-column of symmetric cross section with semi-rigid connections including the effects of end axial loads (tension or compression) and shear deformations along the member are derived in a classical manner. Both matrices can be used in the stability, first- and the second-order elastic analyses of framed structures made of Timoshenko beam-columns with rigid, semi-rigid and simple connections of symmetric cross sections. The “modified” stability approach based on Haringx’s model described by Timoshenko and Gere [1] is utilized in all matrices. The model proposed which is an extension of that presented by Aristizabal-Ochoa [2] captures the models of beams and beam-columns based on the theories of Bernoulli–Euler, Timoshenko, and bending and shear. The closed-form second-order stiffness matrix and load vector derived and presented in this paper find great applications in the stability and second-order analyses of structures made of beam-columns with relatively low shear stiffness such as orthotropic composite polymers (FRP) and multilayer elastomeric bearings commonly used in seismic isolation of buildings. The effects of torsional warping along the members are not included. Analytical studies indicate that the buckling load and the stiffness of framed structures are reduced by the shear deformations along the members. In addition, the phenomenon of buckling under axial tension forces in members with relatively low shear stiffness is captured by the proposed equations. Tension buckling must not be ignored in the stability analysis of beam-columns with shear stiffness GA s of the same order of magnitude as EI / h 2 . The validity of both matrices is verified against available solutions of stability analysis and nonlinear geometric elastic behavior of framed structures with semi-rigid connections using a single segment for each beam and column member without introducing additional degrees of freedom. Four examples are included that demonstrate the simplicity, effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method and corresponding matrices.
Predictors of physical activity in community-dwelling elderly white women

OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of physical activity and to determine factors associated with engaging in regular exercise, especially walking, in elderly white women.
Mixed Carboxylate/Catecholate Bridged Polynuclear Complexes. Tetranuclear Linear Arrays and Pentanuclear Clusters with [M4M‘O8]3+ Cores (M = Fe2+, Mn+2; M‘ = Fe3+, Mn+3). Rare Examples of Dodecahedrally Coordinated, First Row, Trivalent Metal Ions

The synthesis and structural characterization of carboxylate/catecholate clusters is described. Linear, acetate/catecholate, [M4(OAc)6(cat)2(py)2]2- complexes (M = Mn, Fe) and a new class of pentanuclear mixed-valence pivalate catecholate clusters, [M4M‘(OPiv)2(cat)4(py)8]+, are obtained by similar synthetic procedures. In the pentanuclear clusters (shown below with the pyridine and four of the catecholate ligand carbon atoms removed for clarity) the M5O8 core (M = FeII, MnII; M‘ = FeIII, MnIII) contains an eight-coordinate dodecahedrally coordinated trivalent ion in the center of an elongated M4 tetrahedron composed entirely of octahedrally coordinated divalent metal ions.
Conservation Throughout Vertebrate Evolution of the Predicted β-Strands in Myelin Basic Protein

To identify functionally important parts of the 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP), the amino acid sequences from 10 species ranging from shark to human were aligned using the SEQHP computer program. The residues that are invariant or very conservatively substituted (Arg/Lys, Ser/Thr, Ile/Leu, Asp/Glu) among all 10 proteins were scored. Of the 72 conserved residues in the 170-residue human protein (42% conserved), 32 are found within the five beta-strands previously predicted (45 residues, 71% conserved), 23 within the small-loops region (42 residues, 55% conserved), but only 17 within the large-loops region (83 residues, 20% conserved). Of the 22 hydrophobic residues within the predicted beta-sheet of human MBP, 20 hydrophobic residues remain in the shark protein, 19 of them in the same positions. In contrast, there are 10 hydrophobic residues elsewhere in the human protein, but only 7 remain in the shark protein and only 1 of them is in the same position. The triprolyl sequence found in all mammalian MBPs and in the chicken MBP is not conserved in the shark protein. The four alternately spliced forms of mouse MBP can be accommodated by the beta-structural model, but not the 17-kDa human MBP, which lacks exon 5. These findings confirm the crucial role of the hydrophobic residues in the predicted beta-sheet for the structure and function of the protein. It seems likely that the conserved portions of the protein make an important contribution to the highly ordered lamellar structure of myelin.
Properties and performance of near-UV reflectivity control layers (RCL)

ABSTRACTReflectivity control layers (RCL) improve linewidth control of I line resist imaging. The RCL underlayer can suppress reflective notchingfrom underlyingfeatures and minimize the swing interferenceeffect of varying resist thickness. A major drawback ofRCL layers is the extra coat and! or high bake step and the additional oxygen RIE step for pattern transfer unless the RCL underlayers etch faster than theresist in the gases usedfor substrate RIE etching. The RCL coatings are usuallyformulatedfrom organic dyes dispersed in a polymeric layer at loadings of 10-50 % by weight of total solids. The polymer base issoluble in polar solvents such as cycloketones, NM?, and cyclic lactones. The polymer base is insoluble inthe I line resist solvents ofacetates and the like. The added dyes themselves are not necessarily insoluble inthe resist casting solvent but rely on the insoluble polymer layer to inhibit dissolution. In the castfilm oftwo component RCL underlayers, micrograms of absorbing dyes are in contact with several mis. of resistcasting solvent and leaching or loss ofthe dyes can occur especially in sub-150 nm thick RCL underlayers.
Recent PHENIX measurements on open heavy flavor electrons and hadrons correlations

Abstract Perturbative QCD predicts that heavy quarks should lose significantly less energy traversing a dense, colored medium than light quarks. However, PHENIX measurements of heavy flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions indicate suppression nearly at the level of the π 0 . Furthermore, a large azimuthal asymmetry of heavy flavor electrons is observed. A key experimental technique to investigate the mechanism of this unexpected energy loss is study of azimuthal correlations between heavy flavor decay electrons and charged hadrons. We measure such correlations in p + p collisions to provide a reference in the absence of medium. Any changes in Au + Au collisions then provide information on the energy flow from the traversing heavy quarks to the medium. Comparison to light hadron correlations highlight differences in the mechanism of heavy and light quark energy loss in the medium. We observe the away side jet shape and associated particle yields to be modified in Au + Au collisions.
Energetics of Hydroxyl and Influence of Coadsorbed Oxygen on Metal Surfaces

The adsorption of the hydroxyl (OH) radical on Ni(100), Ni(111), and Fe(110) and coadsorption of OH + O on Ni(100) are treated using an ab initio configuration interaction embedding theory. The metal surfaces are modeled as a 30-atom cluster for Ni(100), a 28-atom cluster for Ni(111), and a 40-atom cluster for Fe(110), with the Ni and Fe atoms fixed at bulk lattice sites. The high-symmetry sites are found to be the most stable sites for OH adsorption with the H−O axis perpendicular to the surface. Calculated adsorption energies for OH are 94 kcal/mol at a hollow 4-fold site on Ni(100), 90 kcal/mol at a hollow 3-fold site on Ni(111), and 94 kcal/mol at a long-bridge site on Fe(110). On coadsorption of OH + O on Ni(100), the adsorbed atomic oxygen inhibits OH adsorption at the nearby surface sites. The adsorption energy of OH at a 4-fold site with O coadsorbed at the adjacent 4-fold site is 62 kcal/mol, and the OH axis can be tilted up to 50° toward O without an appreciable energy increase, indicating an at...
Thermodynamic Modeling of Organic Carbonates for Lithium Batteries

Carbonates are frequently used as solvent systems in making nonaqueous electrolytes for lithium batteries. In the present work, the thermodynamic property of the dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC) system was modeled using a computerized optimization procedure. Based on experimental data in the literature, the thermodynamic properties of the pure DMC, EC, and PC phases and the thermodynamic interaction parameters in the liquid phase in the three binary systems, DMC-EC, DMC-PC, and EC-PC, were evaluated. The thermodynamic property of the ternary DMC-EC-PC system was predicted by combining the three binary systems. The liquidus projection and isothermal and isopleth sections were calculated. The results provide a base for modeling the interaction between solvent systems and various salts used in lithium batteries. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Corpus-informed Pedagogical Grammar of English: Pros and Cons

Abstract In this paper I discuss some advantages and disadvantages of incorporating corpus-data instruction into language classrooms, using my experience of teaching a graduate course at State University of New York at Albany titled Corpus-Informed Pedagogical Grammar of English. Some relevant examples are provided, with a discussion of potential benefits of using corpus methods to enrich language pedagogy. In addition, I address some common challenges with utilizing corpora.
Allowable levels of take for the trade in Nearctic songbirds

The take of Nearctic songbirds for the caged-bird trade is an important cultural and economic activity in Mexico, but its sustainability has been questioned. We relied on the theta-logistic population model to explore options for setting allowable levels of take for 11 species of passerines that were subject to legal take in Mexico in 2010. Because estimates of population size necessary for making-periodic adjustments to levels of take are not routinely available, we examined the conditions under which a constant level of take might contribute to population depletion (i.e., a population below its level of maximum net productivity). The chance of depleting a population is highest when levels of take are based on population sizes that happen to be much lower or higher than the level of maximum net productivity, when environmental variation is relatively high and serially correlated, and when the interval between estimation of population size is relatively long (> or = 5 years). To estimate demographic rates of songbirds involved in the Mexican trade we relied on published information and allometric relationships to develop probability distributions for key rates, and then sampled from those distributions to characterize the uncertainty in potential levels of take. Estimates of the intrinsic rate of growth (r) were highly variable, but median estimates were consistent with those expected for relatively short-lived, highly fecund species. Allowing for the possibility of nonlinear density dependence generally resulted in allowable levels of take that were lower than would have been the case under an assumption of linearity. Levels of take authorized by the Mexican government in 2010 for the 11 species we examined were small in comparison to relatively conservative allowable levels of take (i.e., those intended to achieve 50% of maximum sustainable yield). However, the actual levels of take in Mexico are unknown and almost certainly exceed the authorized take. Also, the take of Nearctic songbirds in other Latin American and Caribbean countries ultimately must be considered in assessing population-level impacts.
Engineered heart slices for electrophysiological and contractile studies.

A major consideration in the design of engineered cardiac tissues for the faithful representation of physiological behavior is the recapitulation of the complex topography and biochemistry of native tissue. In this study we present engineered heart slices (EHS), which consist of neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) seeded onto thin slices of decellularized cardiac tissue that retain important aspects of native extracellular matrix (ECM). To form EHS, rat or pig ventricular tissue was sectioned into 300 μm-thick, 5 to 16 mm-diameter disks, which were subsequently decellularized using detergents, spread on coverslips, and seeded with NRVCs. The organized fiber structure of the ECM remained after decellularization and promoted cell elongation and alignment, resulting in an anisotropic, functional tissue that could be electrically paced. Contraction decreased at higher pacing rates, and optical mapping revealed electrical conduction that was anisotropic with a ratio of approximately 2.0, rate-dependent shortening of the action potential and slowing of conduction, and slowing of conduction by the sodium channel blocker lidocaine. Reentrant arrhythmias could also be pace-induced and terminated. EHS constitute an attractive in vitro cardiac tissue in which cardiac cells are cultured on thin slices of decellularized cardiac ECM that provide important biochemical, structural, and mechanical cues absent in traditional cell cultures.
Understanding Accounting for Business Combinations: An Instructional Resource

In explaining Statement No. 141, Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141, FASB 2001b) and Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS No. 142, FASB 2001c), accounting textbooks do not adequately describe the theoretical choices the FASB considered or the economic and political context in which the FASB developed these statements. This instructional resource fills that gap. It compares purchase, pooling of interests (hereafter, pooling), and fresh start accounting, as well as various methods of accounting for goodwill under purchase and fresh start accounting; it also discusses the economic and political context in which the FASB deliberated. A simple example (and a separate more complicated homework problem) compares the effects of these methods on post‐combination financial statements. The Teaching Notes discuss how to use this instructional resource to introduce these subjects and integrate them with other subjects covered in advanced financial accounting and merger and acquisition courses.
Far-Ultraviolet Reflectance of II-VI Compounds and Correlation with the Penn-Phillips Gap

Synchrotron radiation and standard light sources have been used to measure the polarization-dependent reflectance spectra of BeO, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, MgO, CdO, CdS, CdSe, and CdTe for photon energies $0.6l\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}l30$ eV at temperatures $90lTl400$ K. The reflectance was analyzed via the Kramers---Kronig relations. We report curves for ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$, $\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Im}(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}})$, and ${N}_{\mathrm{eff}}(\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega})$ for all of the $\mathrm{II}B\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{I}$ compounds studied. Strong structures in the valence-band transition region of the zinc compounds and of the cadmium compounds were found to scale linearly with the Penn---Phillips average energy gap. Reflectance structures corresponding to core excitations were observed. A doublet at about 13.5 eV in CdS, CdSe, and CdTe was identified as a spin-orbit-split transition from the Cd $4d$ level. The observed spin-orbit splitting of this level was 0.6 eV. A shoulder on the low-energy side of this doublet in CdTe at 12.8 eV is identified as originating in the Te $5s$ band.
Comparative Study of Optical and RF Communication Systems for a Mars Mission - Part II. Unified Value Metrics

In this Par-II report of the Advanced Communications Benefits study, two critical metrics for comparing the benefits of utilizing X-band, Ka-band and Optical frequencies for supporting generic classes of Martian exploration missions have been evaluated.
Magnetic monopoles and dyons in N=1 supersymmetric theories

Abstract We discuss the structure of magnetic monopoles and dyons in N=1 supersymmetric theories which have a spontaneously broken gauge symmetry. The lowest order mass splittings between states of the monopole supermultiplet are evaluated in a model with softly broken supersymmetry.
Hub History Llogic Mechanisms and the Network Dynamics of Early-stage University Spinouts

Research universities execute technology transfer initiatives to transition university inventions to marketplace innovations. One type of licensing corporate entity, and the focus of this research,...
Liver segmentation combining Gabor filtering and traditional vector field snake

This paper presents a study of a more accurately propagating deformable contour for outlining the liver in a Computed Tomography image of the abdomen, relying on the idea that a deformable parametric snake will propagate more accurately to the correct edges of an image when applied to textural information of the image as opposed to simple gray level information. The texture information is quantified using a set of Gabor filters and various methods of curve deformation are investigated, including a traditional vector field, gradient vector flow, and an expanding level-set method. Given the relative similarity in gray values of adjacent soft tissues, we found that a deformation algorithm that provides too large a capture range would be easily distracted by nearby values and therefore unsuitable for the particular task of segmenting the liver. Our results demonstrate both a general increase in performance of snake segmentation across the dataset as well as a significant regional improvement in accuracy, particularly in images corresponding with the top of the liver.
Property tax administration in developing countries: Alternatives for land registration and cadastral mapping

The property tax is a widely used fiscal tool in many developing countries. However, property tax evasion and underpayment are common. This fact underscores the need for governments to administer the property tax effectively if they are to maximize revenue for development. A workable system of land registration and cadastral mapping is one of the principal prerequisites for efficient administration of the property tax. This paper examines alternative methods of land registration and cadastral mapping appropriate for governments in developing countries. The registration of deeds and titles is discussed, as are the most appropriate means for their implementation. Similarly, the different types of cadastral systems, fiscal, legal and multi-purpose, and the survey methods necessary for their implementation, are reviewed.
Dynamic Coupling of the Stratosphere With the Troposphere and Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Abstract Numerical time integrations of a nine-layer, quasi-geostrophic, highly truncated spectral model of the atmosphere are used to study tropospheric-stratospheric interaction with particular regard to sudden stratospheric warmings. The model is global, extends to 0.05 mb (71 km) with roughly 10-km resolution in the stratosphere, and includes an annual heating cycle. Model integrations simulating the months of December and January were made (1) without nonzonal forcing and (2) with nonzonal heating and orography included, to represent Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere winters, respectively. The presence of nonzonal heating in the winter hemisphere brought about an increase in circulation intensity and produced a stationary perturbation having a strong westward slope with height extending high into the stratosphere. This feature is similar to the Aleutian system. It was accompanied by considerably warmer temperatures in the polar night stratosphere and a weaker stratospheric westerly jet. Sud...
Monte Carlo studies for the design of a lead glass drift calorimeter

Abstract A drift collection calorimeter having a combined radiator and field shaping structure made of lead glass tubing is described. With the aid of the EGS Monte Carlo code we show that such a device, when pressurized to 10 atm, will give a resolution of σ/E = 9.6%E − 1 2 provided that the shower is contained at a 99% level. Track length restriction and Landau sampling have been included in the EGS simulation. In addition, leading particle biasing and weighting techniques have been employed for the first time with EGS, with an increase in efficiency of about 100–300 for 10 GeV shower containment calculations.
Metapopulation structure and dynamics of an endangered butterfly

Abstract Recovery plans for endangered invertebrates will improve with a better understanding of population dynamics and structure. Some spatially distributed structures beyond the classic metapopulation, including highly integrated patchy populations and core-satellite, maybe better suited for the recovery of endangered populations. In this study we examined the population dynamics of the Karner blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Nabokov) [Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae], which is federally endangered in the USA, at eleven sites at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin. Adult L. m. samuelis butterflies were surveyed approximately weekly at each site using a straight line transect method. We used autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation function to look for patterns in the population dynamic, and tested for density-dependent growth and weather factors as potential explanatory factors of the yearly variation. We found non-declining or stable Karner blue populations at all eleven sites at Fort McCoy, a long-term trend and an alternating generational cycle. The trend occurred at seven of the eleven sites and was synchronous, suggesting that Karner blue butterflies were not functioning as a classic metapopulation and maybe functioning as a patchy metapopulation. We also found density-dependent growth and a positive relationship between early summer precipitation and population growth from the spring to summer generation. We suggest that aiming to recover patchy metapopulations will reduce monitoring costs, simplify reserve design, and create more robust populations, which are more likely to persist into the future.
Examining African American fathers’ involvement in permanency planning: An effort to reduce racial disproportionality in the child welfare system

Children of color are disproportionately represented in the child welfare system. In 2005 they comprised 53% of the 513,000 children in out-of-home placements in the United States [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration for Children, Youth and Families, Children's Bureau (2006). Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). Retrieved on June 12, 2007 from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/tar/report 13.htm]. On average, they stay in foster care longer than Caucasian children [Hill, R.B. (2006). Synthesis of research on disproportionality in child welfare: An update. Washington, D.C.: Casey—CSSP Alliance for Racial Equity in the Child Welfare System. Retrieved April 11, 2007, from http://www.caseyfamilyservices.org/pdfs/0226_CC_BobHillPaper_FINAL.pdf]. There is virtually no empirical research on African American fathers' involvement in permanency planning, which makes it difficult either to understand the relationships among fathers' involvement, agency practices, and children's permanency outcomes or to identify which types of efforts are most effective to involve African American fathers. This study examines the extent to which African American fathers' involvement in permanency planning influences children's placement outcomes using a secondary data analysis of 88 children's child welfare case records. Findings show that children were reunited with birth families more often and had shorter stays in foster care when their fathers were involved. This study contributes to the emerging research on fathers' involvement and explores agency practices that account for extended lengths of stay in foster care for children of color. Recommendations are provided for child welfare policy, practice, and research.
The changing impact of employment announcements on interest rates

Abstract This paper focuses on the changing impact of employment announcements on the 3-month Treasury bill interest rate over the past two decades. It is shown that the magnitude of the time-varying response of the T-bill rate to unanticipated employment announcements is driven by expectations of the Federal Reserve’s time-varying response to employment from potential. The evidence suggests the magnitude of the response of interest rates to economic announcements depends on expectations about the announcements and the Fed’s probable response.
Resonance and response of fluid-filled membrane in gravity waves

Abstract A numerical model is developed to investigate the resonance and response characteristics of a floating fluid-filled membrane in gravity waves. The model consists of three components simulating, respectively, the membrane response and the motions of the fluids inside and outside the membrane. The governing integral equation for membrane deformation is derived in variational form based on the principle of virtual work and contains all the terms consistent with a linear strain–displacement relation. Potential flow solutions of the internal and external fluids are obtained by two boundary element models, which are coupled to the finite element model of the membrane. Comparison of the computed results with published numerical and experimental data indicates favorable agreement. An average response amplitude operator is defined to identify the resonance frequencies, at which the response patterns are examined. The present paper provides a complete linear solution of the fluid–membrane interaction problem and new results illustrating the effect of membrane elasticity on the resonant response.
Quantum Communication Using Time-energy Entangled Photons

Single-photon high-dimensional quantum communication boosts photon efficiency and throughput. We report two time-energy-entanglement based quantum key distribution experiments --- one using dispersive optics, the other Franson interferometry --- with proven security against collective attacks.
On the centrality of disturbance rejection in automatic control

In this paper, it is shown that the problem of automatic control is, in essence, that of disturbance rejection, with the notion of disturbance generalized to symbolize the uncertainties, both internal and external to the plant. A novel, unifying concept of disturbance rejector is proposed to compliment the traditional notion of controller. The new controller–rejector pair is shown to be a powerful organizing principle in the realm of automatic control, leading to a Copernican moment where the model-centric design philosophy is replaced by the one that is control–centric in the following sense: the controller is designed for a canonical model and is fixed; the difference between the plant and the canonical model is deemed as disturbance and rejected.
Shock initiation of a heated ammonium perchlorate-based propellant

Solid propellants containing ammonium perchlorate (AP), aluminum, and a carboxylterminated polybutadiene binder (CTPB) are known to burn reliably and to be very insensitive to transition to detonation under ambient conditions. In accident scenarios, these propellants may become more shock sensitive when they are subjected to heat and/or multiple impacts. The shock sensitivity of one such propellant, ANB-3066, is determined using embedded manganin pressure gauges at an elevated temperature of 170°C. The measured pressure histories are modeled using the Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation. The experiments clearly show that ANB-3066 is not significantly more shock sensitive at 170°C than it is at ambient temperature. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow calculations indicate that less than 20% of the chemical energy of AP and CTPB reactions is released at input shock pressures as high as 21 GPa. The aluminum component does not reach the high temperatures required for it to react. These results indicate that AP-based solid propellants are still extremely resistant to shock to detonation transition even when heated to temperatures close to the thermal decomposition temperature of the propellant formulation. The shock insensitivity of heated AP-based propellants is hypothesized to be due to the melting of the AP component during shock loading and the relatively low temperatures produced by the weakly exothermic decomposition of AP and binder.
Identifying Infectious Etiologies of Chronic Disease

Epidemiologic, genetic, laboratory, and experimental observations suggest that chronic diseases such as juvenile diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus may occur as sequelae of infections. In this review, we shall consider presently available information regarding possible etiologies of these three chronic diseases and the problems and limitations of using these classic methods in trying to prove causal relationships and attempt to offer possible unifying hypotheses for these diseases as well as methods by which the problem of proving causation can be approached. Approaches to elucidate putative agents have followed lines that have already proved fruitful for such diseases as rheumatic fever, polyarteritis nodosa, Whipple's disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), kuru, Reiter's syndrome, and Lyme arthritis. The majority of these illnesses do not behave as classic infectious diseases, but represent unusual responses of the host to an inciting microorganism. In considering approaches to diseases for which no agent has yet been identified, we think it valuable to consider, in addition, the previous approaches that were taken with some of the diseases mentioned above.
ROMANIA: A CASE STUDY IN DELAYED PRIVATIZATION

ABSTRACT Romania emerged from 45 years of communism with 12,000 enterprises in state hands. As the nation moved toward democracy and free market conditions, its new leaders created legislation to privatize at least half of the state owned enterprises. In the years 1990 to 1996, the actions to privatize state owned enterprises went slowly, even though outside organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and European Union urged speed in privatization. Until November 1996, former communists who had high positions under Nicolae Ceasusescu led the government. After 1996, with a reform coalition running the country, privatization speeded up and made a difference in the county's economy. Privatization continues even though the government changed hands again in 2000. Romania's delayed privatization program has so far precluded the emergence of a new group of powerful owners who become so strong they can stymie the long-term achievement of a fully reformed economy.
Miss Julie: Essence and anomaly of naturalism

August strindberg created a paradoxin Miss Julie. Simultaneously, he established a prototype, the perfection of the naturalistic play according to Emile Zola's requirements, while he contradicted the anti‐art bias of orthodox dramatic naturalism as developed by Zola's followers.
Cell Responses to Growth Factors: The Role of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Intracellular Domain Fragments

Growth factor activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) provokes well-described canonical second messenger pathways that transmit biochemical signals in the cytoplasm and to the nucleus to initiate cellular responses. The proteolytic liberation of intracellular domain fragments (ICDs) from activated RTKs and the nuclear translocation of these ICDs represent a more recently identified and noncanonical mechanism by which RTKs communicate with the nucleus. Several reports have added previously unknown facets to the ICD mechanism and have enlarged the scope of ICDs as second messengers.
A new model for handling input

Although there has been important progress in models and packages for the output of graphics to computer screens, there has been little change in the way that input from the mouse, keyboard, and other input devices is handled. New graphics standards are still using a fifteen-year-old model even though it is widely accepted as inadequate, and most modern window managers simply return a stream of low-level, device-dependent input events. This paper presents a new model that handles input devices for highly interactive, direct manipulation, graphical user interfaces, which could be used in future toolkits, window managers, and graphics standards. This model encapsulates interactive behaviors into a few “Interactor” object types. Application programs can then create instances of these Interactor objects which hide the details of the underlying window manager events. In addition, Interactors allow a clean separation between the input handling, the graphics, and the application programs. This model has been extensively used as part of the Garnet system and has proven to be convenient, efficient, and easy to learn.
Synthesis and Optical Studies of Superconducting MgB2 Thin Films

Synthesis and optical transmission of MgB2 thin films on optically transparent glass are reported. In the 400–1000 nm regime as deposited films show high metallic reflectivity and very little transmission. After deposition, the films were annealed ex situ and rendered superconducting with T c of 38 K, approaching that of the bulk material. The reaction conditions where quite soft ∼10 min at 550°C. The optical absorption coefficient, α and photon energy, E followed a Tauc-type behavior, $$(\alpha E)^{1/2} = \beta _T (E - E_{\rm g} )$$ . The band gap (E g) was observed to peak at 2.5 eV; but, the slope parameter β T behaved monotonically with reaction temperature. Our results indicate that an intermediate semiconducting phase is produced before the formation of the superconducting phase; also optical measurements provide valuable information in monitoring the synthesis of MgB2 from its metallic constituents. In addition these films have interesting optical properties that may be integrated into optoelectronics.
THERMAL VIBRATIONS OF THIN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

Abstract Solutions are developed for dynamic elastic displacements and stresses in thin, circular, cylindrical shells subjected to general temperature distributions. These are specialized to axisymmetric problems with variations in the radial and longtiduinal directions. Specific loadings considered are sequential pulses and suddenly applied thermal distributions. Numerical results generally indicate that moderate variations in the temporal and spatial distribution of temperature strongly influence response amplitudes and the times at which maximum displacements and stresses occur.
The Rhetoric of Arrogance: The Public Relations Response of the Standard Oil Trust.

Abstract The dissolution of the Standard Oil Trust in 1911 was an early landmark in the development of corporate public relations. Faced with public criticism as a result of Ida Tarbell’s “History of the Standard Oil Company,” Standard Oil responded with aloofness and bolstering strategies that together created a “rhetoric of arrogance.” In later years, Standard’s founder seemed to recover from this public relations debacle, but the breakup of Standard Oil testifies to the hard lessons learned by his and other corporations in the early twentieth century: publics and their opinions matter and require candid responses. Corporations with positions of market leadership today might do well to revisit the lessons of Standard Oil.
Cycling of biogenic silica within the upper water column of the Ross Sea

We determined the distributions of biogenic particulate silica and dissolved silicic acid in the upper 80 m over the continental shelf of the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, during two occupations of an east-west transect at 76°30′S in mid-January and early February 1990. There was a persistent (at least 3½ weeks in duration) diatom bloom within a surface meltwater lens extending 100–150 km seaward from the edge of the receding pack ice, with biogenic silica concentrations frequently exceeding 20 μmol l−1 in the upper 15 m. There were also other significant maxima in biogenic silica, with concentrations greater than 7 μmol l−1 at distances of 250–500 km seaward of the ice edge. These maxima were apparently unrelated to meltwater effects. 30Si tracer experiments to measure the production and dissolution rates of biogenic silica as a function of depth within the upper 50 m at three stations within the ice-edge diatom bloom indicate that the specific production rate (i.e. the rate per unit of biogenic silica present) ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 day−1 ( 0.07–0.17 doublings day−1). The resulting vertically integrated silica production rates ranged from 27 to 50 mmol m−2 day−1, with a mean of 34. Vertically integrated rates of biogenic silica dissolution ranged from 16 to 28 mmol m−2 day−1, with a mean of 22, or 64% of the mean silica production rate. The mean resulting net rate of biogenic silica production within the bloom, 12 mmol m−2 day−1, leads to an estimated net annual silica production rate of 1.0 mol m−2 in the upper 50 m of the southwestern Ross Sea. A revised silica budget for the western Ross Sea, incorporating the most recent estimates of production, redissolution, accumulation in the sediments and efflux from the seabed, indicates that virtually all silica exported from the upper 50 m must reach the sea-floor unless advective transport from the east is significant.
Corporate capital structure and pension-funding strategy

This article provides an integrated analysis of pension funding and corporate financing strategies in the presence of default risk. The article shows that when the marginal personal income tax rate is constant, the financing decision with respect to pension funding is influenced entirely by tax considerations. When the marginal personal income tax is progressive, the optimal financing of pension funding depends on the cyclical nature of the firm (as characterized by the sign of beta), the riskiness of pension assets, and ERISA regulations concerning the pension-benefit guaranty rate, the marginal pension insurance premium and the firm's legal responsibility for its unfunded pension obligations. It is shown that a necessary condition for partial pension funding is that the marginal insurance premium imposed by PBGC must be less than actuarially fair, and a necessary condition for pension funding to be financed by both debt and equity is that beta must be positive.
Advances in solid-oxide fuel cell technology: summary of a panel session presentation

Solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are based on either a tubular or planar electrode configuration. In each case the operating temperature is in the range of 750 to 1,000 degrees C, which permits internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels into a hydrogen-rich gas. This presentation will describe the basic design and characteristics of SOFC systems in development for residential, commercial and industrial applications.
Single angle geometric axis flexure I. Background and model verification

Abstract In this research nonlinear finite element analysis techniques are employed in the study of equal leg single angle geometric axis flexure. These finite element techniques are validated using a series of experimental results found in the literature related to the ultimate response of angles bent in this manner. A favorable agreement between these physical tests and the finite element models supports the notion that useful information about equal leg single angle flexural response in the inelastic range can be obtained with numerical modeling techniques. The verified finite element techniques are applied to the study of single angle beams whose plate slenderness values (b/t) range from 6 to 20, beam slenderness values (L/rz) range from 50 to 200, and whose minimum specified yield stress varies between 276 MPa and 552 MPa.
Evaluation of Renal Function in Transplant Patients on Tacrolimus Therapy

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as measured by 24-hour creatinine clearance and clearance of iothalamate, and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), as measured by the clearance of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after transplantation in 8 renal transplant patients and at 1 month and 1 year after transplantation in 9 liver transplant patients receiving tacrolimus (Prograf) therapy. In renal transplant patients, there was a significant increase in GFR after transplantation. There was no change in GFR at 1 and 3 months as compared to 2 weeks after transplantation, while ERPF (ml/min/1.73 m2) was lower (p < 0.05) at 3 months (212+/-42) compared to 1 month (306+/-118) after transplantation. In liver transplant patients, GFR and ERPF were below normal despite normal serum creatinine concentrations, but there was no difference in GFR or ERPF at 1 month and 1 year after transplantation. Although below normal, renal function was well preserved in transplant patients while receiving chronic tacrolimus therapy over the study period. Dosage alterations ofrenally eliminated drugs may be required for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index.
The coexistence of two neuroactive peptides in a subpopulation of retinal amacrine cells

Amacrine cells are axonless interneurons of the vertebrate retina. Over the past few years many neuroactive peptides have been localized to these cells. We have previously demonstrated that a neuropeptide and a classical transmitter are colocalized in some amacrine cells. In this report, we show that two neuroactive peptides, which probably arise from different precursors, also coexist in some amacrine cells. Although some amacrine cells contain only enkephalin or neurotensin, others contain both of these neuroactive peptides.