cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Opportunistic Computing transforming the data center for economic and environmental sustainability

The United States Environmental Protection Agency forecasts the 2011 national IT electric energy expenditure will grow toward $7.4 billion [1]. In parallel to economic IT energy concerns, the general public and environmental advocacy groups are demanding proactive steps toward sustainable green processes. Our contribution to the solution of this problem is Environmentally Opportunistic Computing (EOC). Our Green Cloud EOC prototype serves as an operational demonstration that IT resources can be integrated with the dominate energy footprint of existing facilities and dynamically controlled to balance process throughput, thermal transfer, and available cooling via process management and migration. The Green Cloud is a sustainable computing technology that complements existing efficiency improvements at the application, operating system and hardware levels. Exhaust heat energy is transferred directly to an adjacent greenhouse facility and cooling is provided by free cooling methods. We will describe the architecture and operation of this successful prototype that has led to its growing use in our production environments.
Multiple-source plume models of urban air pollution—their general structure

Abstract The general mathematical structure of the typical multiple-source plume model for estimating concentrations of an inert air pollutant in an urban area is examined. The fundamental component is the short-term three-dimensional spatial concentration distribution resulting from a single elevated point source. From this the total pollution pattern is obtained by superposition of the effects of the individual plumes of the many point- and area-sources that constitute the urban emissions. However, superposition of the effects is generally required for time-changing emissions and also meteorological conditions. The simplifying assumptions that are basic to the short-term plume model are identified, and the frequency distribution of concentration values at a receptor location, and the long-term average values are considered. Special consideration is given to the use of the well-known Gaussian-plume and its modification when the depth of the urban mixing layer is limited. As a typical point-source plume is normally narrow, considerable simplification is possible in evaluating the concentration contribution from area-source emissions and this narrow plume approximation is described. When the emissions and the meteorological conditions affecting plume dispersion are uncorrelated, the average concentration can be calculated directly in terms of average emission rates and a frequency function for the meteorological conditions. The values so derived using the short-term multiple-source plume model are mathematically consistent with the formulation provided by an earlier long-term climatological model of urban air pollution.
Invited review: The nutrition screening initiative: A 5-year perspective

A history of the goals, activities, and accomplishments of the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) is provided. A commentary on the development and intended use of the NSI's self-assessment and screening tools is given to facilitate selection of feeding devices for older Americans who need nutrition care. Additional questionnaires and interventions designed to address the needs identified through the NSI's standardized, interdisciplinary approach to the assessment of nutritional risk are described and their use encouraged. Legislative and public policy advocacy is summarized. A systemic approach to the assessment and maintenance of optimal nutritional health in the older population will have a profound effect on health care delivery systems.
Respiratory control in cytochrome oxidase.

Abstract Vesicles of cytochrome oxidase, generated by dilution of the oxidase with a 15-fold excess of lipid by the Hinkle-Racker method, showed a respiratory control index of greater than 5 in presence of the combination of valinomycin and nigericin. Uncouplers were found to be ineffective in releasing respiratory control in the absence of valinomycin. Valinomycin titration in the presence of excess nigericin gave approximately a one to one stoichiometry with cytochrome oxidase. We propose that coupling of electron transfer to valinomycin K+ transport in cytochrome oxidase vesicles is a molecular event; the insensitivity of respiratory control to uncouplers is a consequence of the absence of the systems other than cytochrome oxidase which are required for the action of uncouplers.
Infections Caused by Viridans Streptococci in Patients with Neutropenia

The frequency of isolation of viridans streptococci from the blood of neutropenic patients with cancer has significantly increased over the course of the last 10-15 years. Risk factors in this patient population include severe neutropenia, oral mucositis, administration of high-dose cytosine arabinoside, and antimicrobial prophylaxis with either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or a fluoroquinolone. In some patients with cancer and neutropenia who develop viridans streptococcal bacteremia, a toxic shock-like syndrome has been described; Streptococcus mitis has been the causative species in most cases. Because resistance of viridans streptococci to a variety of antimicrobial agents is increasingly recognized, penicillin susceptibility cannot be assumed, and empirical vancomycin therapy should be used to treat neutropenic patients with cancer who have shock or are developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Given the seriousness of septicemia caused by viridans streptococci and the potential for selection of other resistant microorganisms, the routine practice of antimicrobial prophylaxis for neutropenic patients with cancer should be reconsidered.
Transport Characteristics of the Colonic Epithelium of the Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix)

The colon of the domestic fowl sustains a reabsorptive Na+ current on both high- and low-sodium diets. However, there is a marked shift in the apical transport step under these two extreme conditions, from amino acid/hexose cotransport on high-salt diets to amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels on low-salt diets. The present experiments were performed to study colonic Na+ transport in another galliform species, the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix). Birds were maintained on a commercial game feed containing 0.18% Na+ (78 mumoles/g), an intermediate level of salt intake. Experiments were performed on unstripped colons in standard Ussing chambers with bicarbonate/CO2 buffer solution on both sides. Baseline values (n = 11) for PD (3.13 +/- 0.68 mV) and short circuit current (SCC, 30.87 +/- 7.79 microA/cm2) were lower than those reported for chickens on a similar diet, whereas tissue resistance (76.06 +/- 4.19 omega.cm2) was similar. Addition of amino acids (4 mM leucine + lysine) increased SCC by 10.85 +/- 1.97 microA/cm2. Both phloridzin (1 mM) and amiloride (10(-5) M) decreased SCC, by 7.05 +/- 1.26 and 9.64 +/- 2.68 microA/cm2, respectively. Thus, on this diet the quail colonic epithelium maintains both amino acid/hexose cotransporter activity and amiloride sensitive channel activity. Arginine vasotocin (10(-6) M) caused a small, but consistent decrease in SCC, while acetazolamide increased SCC. Aldosterone (128 micrograms/kg), given 4 hr prior to the experiment (n = 4) significantly reduced the amino acid stimulated SCC. These results confirm, for the Japanese quail, the presence of multiple apical Na+ entry mechanisms in colonic epithelium. Amino acid cotransporter activity, in particular, appears to be highly sensitive to aldosterone suppression.
Matching 2D Polygonal Arcs by Using a Subgroup of the Unit Quaternions

A subgroup of the unit quaternions is used to calculate 2D rotations. Benefits of using quaternions over the more common methods include the ability to use the algebra of quaternions to find closed-form solutions and the ability to use the same approach for both 2D and 3D algorithms. The subgroup is applied to matching polygonal arcs of equal length with the resulting solution being the smallest eigenvalue of a2×2matrix. This result is then used to match a short arc to locations on a long arc.
Novel Application of Optical Density Technique to Evaluation of Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Thin Films

Bulk nanostructured metallic alloys as well as coatings are being research closely for biomedical applications, especially for implants. Corrosion behavior is of particular interest, given the aggressive environment of body fluids that these metals experience. While weight loss measurement and electrochemical analysis are the two commonly used techniques for corrosion behavior evaluation, both have their own limitations with respect to characterizing the corrosion of films and coatings under a micron in thickness. This paper reports on a novel application of the optical density technique as a relatively faster yet accurate method to evaluate the corrosion of thin metallic films. With this technique, the survivability and/or resorption time of a pure metallic coating is evaluated by monitoring the changes in optical density (directly related to reduction in film thickness, and thereby to weight loss) of thin film immersed in a corrosive media. In our experiments, Mg, Cu and Ag thin films of a wide range of thicknesses were sputter-deposited on glass substrates and the corrosion kinetics of these metals in a simulated body fluid was studied at room temperature. The results were utilized to develop a resorption time model for the coating, which can be used to predict the survivability of these metallic thin films.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Association schemes of small order

Abstract We survey the work on the classification problem of association schemes of small order. Our aim is to introduce some construction methods which simplify the description of known schemes, and provide the complete catalogue of all association schemes for a given order n, where n=4,5,…,15. Part of this work deals with the construction and enumeration of association schemes via Schur rings and two ways of tensoring association matrices; another part deals with the fusion relation of association schemes of a given order by using the notion of the wreath product and direct product of association schemes. The association schemes are presented in Hasse diagrams of partially ordered sets under the fusion relations. Our list includes, in particular, all symmetric association schemes, the source of partially balanced incomplete block designs with the corresponding number of treatments.
q-centralizer algebras for spin groups

Let V and Vϵ be the vector and a spinor representation of soN, N∈N. We show that the quantum group Uq(soN) and the braid group corresponding to the Dynkin diagram Bf (the latter acting via R-matrices) are each others commutant on Vϵ⊗V⊗f. Moreover, these braid representations factor through specializations of Haring–Oldenburg's B-BMW-algebra; this also holds with Vϵ replaced by Vmϵ, m∈N, if N is even. We use this observation to compute the weights of the Markov trace of this algebra as a 2-variable function, and the values of the parameters for which it is semisimple.
Two problems on removable sets for analytic functions

Introduction. Two elementary theorems on continuation of analytic functions across a compactum CC=R 2 are stated, and to each an example is given to show that the sufficient condition is best possible. In I. we use methods from the theory of singular integrals to estimate a certain sum of analytic functions. In II. we use Fourier analysis in R 2 to estimate certain sums of functions that seem immune to direct methods (especially their higher derivatives). We make explicit use of the "symbols" of the operators O/Oy and 0/O~; we are impelled to a complicated construction of the exceptional set by the necessity of evaluating certain integrals arising as Fourier transforms.
Facilitated glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome: impaired glucose transport into brain – a review

Facilitated glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome (MIM 138140) defines a prototype of a novel group of disorders resulting from impaired glucose transport across blood-tissue barriers. It is caused by a defect in glucose transport into brain, mediated by the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1. Since 1991, more than 70 patients have been identified. The hallmark of the disease is a low glucose concentration in the CSF (hypoglycorrhachia) in the presence of normoglycaemia (CSF/blood glucose ratio <0.4). Clinical features are variable and include seizures, developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, hypotonia, and a complex motor disorder with elements of ataxia, dystonia, and spasticity. The GLUT1 defect can be confirmed in erythrocytes by glucose uptake studies and GLUT1 immunoreactivity, and by molecular analysis of the GLUT1 gene. Several heterozygous mutations resulting in GLUT1 haploinsufficiency have been identified. An effective treatment is available by means of a ketogenic diet as ketone bodies serve as an alternative fuel for the developing brain. Conclusion: this treatable condition should be suspected in children with unexplained neurological disorders associated with epilepsy and developmental delay and confirmed by a lumbar puncture.
Factors Predictive of Voice and Swallowing Outcomes after Anterior Approaches to the Cervical Spine

ObjectiveTo quantify the incidence of postoperative voice, swallowing, and other problems, including time to resolution following anterior transcervical approaches to the cervical spine, and to assess surgical factors associated with outcomes.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred eighty-eight consecutive patients with cervical spine disease who underwent an anterior transcervical approach to the spine by a single head and neck surgeon over a 4-year time period. Rather than primary, single-level approaches, all patients in this study had multilevel, high-cervical (above C4), low-cervical (below C6), and/or revision approaches. Postoperative voice, swallowing, and other complaints were measured as well as time to resolution using Kaplan-Meier method. Surgical factors related to outcomes were analyzed using regression analysis.ResultsFollow-up was available for 129 patients, with average and median time of 35 months. Seventy-seven patients (60%) ha...
Activity patterns in northern rock sole are mediated by temperature and feeding history

Abstract Studies of activity patterns of fishes rarely consider the impact of environmental conditions or organism state. In this paper we demonstrate the influence of temperature and feeding history on the diel activity patterns of juvenile (age 1+) northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra (Orr and Matarese). Activity type (benthic vs. water column) and level were determined from hourly video recordings of fish in laboratory tanks with the aid of infrared illumination. Groups of rock sole ( n = 4 per group) were observed at 2, 5, 9 and 13 °C without food and at 9 °C with food offered once in the morning, at dusk or at night. In all experiments, rock sole exhibited peak activity levels during the dusk and dawn transition periods and a temporal segregation of activity mode. Daytime and crepuscular activity was predominantly benthic, occurring within a few centimeters of the tank bottom, whereas a significant fraction of nighttime activity (up to 90%) occurred with rock sole swimming in the water column or at the water surface. The primary effect of water temperature on rock sole behavior was a reduction in daytime and crepuscular activity at low temperatures. Conversely, nighttime activity levels were independent of water temperature, resulting in a thermally induced shift in the primary activity period. Morning and dusk feeding produced a short-term (1 h) elevation in activity followed by activity suppression until the subsequent crepuscular phase. Nighttime feeding resulted in a longer period of elevated activity (2 h) and did not suppress further benthic or water column activity. These observations suggest a temporal segregation of activity between daytime foraging and nighttime movement that balances energetic demands with predation risk.
Growing Up in France: From the Ancien Régime to the Third Republic – By Colin Heywood

Most histories of childhood and youth use a top‐down approach to their subjects. Their sources focus on adult conceptions of young people, on educational theories and philosophical trends, rather t...
Nanoscale Gap Fabrication by Carbon Nanotube-Extracted Lithography (CEL)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) -extracted lithography (CEL) was developed to create high-quality nanoscale gaps defined by the size of CNTs. An individual multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) was deposited across electrodes by the composite electric field guided assembly method (CEGA) developed previously. After blanket deposition of a metal layer, the MWCNT was removed to obtain a nanoscale gap. The CEL can provide a technique for the mass fabrication of well-defined and precisely positioned nanosized gaps in a reproducible manner.
Blood–materials interactions: The minimum interfacial free energy and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypotheses

Numerous hypotheses exist to explain observed blood–materials interactions. It is the purpose of this article to test two popular hypotheses, namely, the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypothesis. Methacrylate polymers and copolymers were characterized using the captive bubble underwater contact angle method; bulk water content was determined by gravimetric methods; streaming potential measurements were made; and surface roughness and possible particulate contamination were evaluated by reflected light microscopy. In vitro blood tests include whole blood clotting time measurements on polymer-coated tubes; centrifugal force platelet adhesion on polymer-coated coverslips; and a measure of the partial thromboplastin time, Russell's viper venom time (Stypven time), and the prothrombin time of native whole blood exposed to polymer-coated microscope slides. Results suggest that platelet adhesion correlates in the opposite direction of whole blood clotting time and partial thromboplastin time, emphasizing the need for a multiparameter approach to blood–materials testing. Based on these tests the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis is not supported. In fact, the data suggest the opposite to be true. It is apparent that platelet adhesion can be a misleading indicator of blood compatibility. Neither hypotheses can explain the apparent conflict between the platelet adhesion data and the coagulation time data.
Fission Track Evidence on the Initial Rifting of the Red Sea: Two Pulses, No Propagation

Fission track analyses indicate that the Red Sea initially opened simultaneously along its entire length. Two distinct pulses of uplift and erosion characterized the early stages of rifting in the Red Sea throughout Egypt and in southwestern Saudi Arabia. The first pulse began at ∼34 million years ago (Ma). The second pulse began in the early Miocene (21 to 25 Ma) and marked the start of the main phase of extension. These data support a rigid plate model for continental extension. These results also indicate that the initiation of rift flank uplift, and therefore rifting, and volcanism occurred nearly simultaneously. This conflicts with classical models of active and passive extension that predict sequential development of these features.
Validation of the AGDISP aerial spray deposition prediction model

Experimental evaluation of the computerized aerial spray prediction program (AGDISP) was conducted. Spray was applied over a flat site with a fixed-wing aircraft. Spray droplets were collected on flat cards 15 cm above the ground. Aircraft parameters were recorded during the trials. Deposits were analyzed with image analysis equipment to establish droplet-size spectra. A set of statistical parameters was applied to the measured and model-predicted droplet deposition. The results indicate that the model can predict the average droplet density and volume deposition over seven spray runs within a factor of two of actual measurements.
Resisting the school to prison pipeline: the practice to build abolition democracies

In possession of the largest prison population in the world, the United States currently locks up over 2.3 million people (Pew Center on the States Public Safety Performance Project 2008). Dispropo...
Effects of different amounts and types of vicarious consequences upon imitative performance

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the predictive value of an informational analysis of vicarious consequences. Two levels of amount of vicarious consequences (complete, partial) were varied with three types of vicarious consequences (reward, punishment, reward-punishment). Each of six groups of preschool age boys and girls observed an adult male model receive one of the combinations of amount and type of vicarious consequences for his choices from a commodity preference series. A seventh group of boys and girls observed the model receive no consequences for his choices. After observing the model, each subject was asked to make his own choices from the commodity preference series and to recall the choices which the model made. In contradiction to the predictions of an informational analysis of vicarious consequences, the amount of vicarious consequences did not differentially affect the recall of modeled behavior while the type of vicarious consequences did have a differential effect.
Purification of P-selectin (CD62P) from human platelets

A method is described for immunoaffinity purification of P-selectin from outdated human platelets.
In vitro studies of insulin-like growthfactor I and bone

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates osteoblastic cells in culture to proliferate and to synthesize bone matrix proteins. However, local IGF-I action is modulated by a family of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that, in turn, are modified by specific IGFBP proteases. All these components of the IGF-I regulatory system are present and operative in bone cells in vitro.
Ostwald ripening in multicomponent alloys

Abstract A general theory of coarsening in a multicomponent alloy is developed, accounting for off-diagonal terms in the diffusion tensor. The analysis is valid for a non-ideal and non-dilute solution. The asymptotic analysis reveals that the temporal exponents for the average particle radius, number of particles per volume and both the precipitate and matrix compositions are identical to the binary limit. However, the amplitudes are different. It is found that the vector representing the matrix supersaturations coincides with the equilibrium tie-line, but in most alloys this is not the case with the precipitate compositions. It is also shown that considering only a low mobility species does not yield a description of the temporal evolution of the matrix and precipitate compositions, even though this can be the case for the average particle size and the number density of precipitates.
Mechanism of ammonia production from aspartate in teleost liver

Abstract 1. 1. Ammonia production from l -aspartate was studied in liver homogenates from four species of teleosts: Myoxocephalus scorpius, M octodecimspinosus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus and Anguilla rostrata . Liver homogenates from two species of elasmobranchs, Squalus acanthias and Raja erinacea , failed to liberate ammonia from l -aspartate. 2. 2. No ammonia was liberated from l -aspartate in liver homogenates from M. scorpius in the presence of transaminase inhibitors: 4 × 10 −3 M semicarbizide, 5 × 10 −3 M isonicotinoyl hydrazide and 4 × 10 −3 M hydroxylamine. 3. 3. Single subcellular fractions, nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic, failed to produce ammonia from l -aspartate. However, when mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions were combined, ammonia was produced from l -aspartate. 4. 4. The results indicated a transamination reaction is involved in the liberation of ammonia from l -aspartate in teleost liver.
Kinetics of amphotericin B decay in a liquid medium and characterization of the decay process

A turbidimetric microbiological assay procedure was used to study the kinetics of amphotericin B decay in a pH 7 liquid medium incubated at 37°C with aeration (shaking at 150 rpm). Disappearance of biologically active drug showed characteristics of a first-order reaction with a half-life of 4–5 h under these conditions. Decay was not as rapid at either 27°C or when the system was not aerated. Inactivation was slowed even further when both of these environmental conditions were used. The antioxidantn-propyl gallate preserved bioactivity of the drug during either 37°C-aerated or 27°C-nonaerated incubation. It is suggested that amphotericin B decay is primarily an autoxidative process in this system.
Dynamic Green's functions in anisotropic piezoelectric, thermoelastic and poroelastic solids

A procedure is described to generate fundamental solutions or Green's functions for time harmonic point forces and sources. The linearity of the field equations permits the Green's function to be represented as an integral over the surface of a unit sphere, where the integrand is the solution of a one-dimensional impulse response problem. The method is demonstrated for the theories of piezoelectricity, thermoelasticity, and poroelasticity. Time domain analogues are discussed and compared with known expressions for anisotropic elasticity.
Confined fluids and their role in pressure solution

Abstract The process of pressure solution is defined as the dissolution of materials under high stress at grain-to-grain contacts and precipitation at interfaces under low stress. The kinetics of this process are still poorly understood mainly because of the large timescales involved. In this research, the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) technique was coupled with an optical interference technique for in situ visualization of the nanoscale deformations and thickness changes. The SFA was used to measure the forces (or pressures) and distances between two solid surfaces pressed together with a thin film between them. Using the SFA, combined with geological observations, we are studying the short-range colloidal forces between surfaces of mica and silica at the nanoscale such as van der Waals, electrostatic, and hydration forces. This study involves two cases, the symmetric case of mica in contact with mica and the asymmetric case of a quartz surface in contact with mica. Our results reveal highly subtle effects depending on the nature and concentration of the counterions present in the solution either of Na+, Ca2+, or mixtures of these ions, as well as on the pH. For the symmetric case, the equilibrium interactions of force F or pressure P versus fluid film thickness T have been measured between the mica surfaces across aqueous films in the thickness range from T = 25 A down to contact separations around T = 0 A, and depend on the solution conditions and applied lithostatic pressure. Measurements have also been made of the rates of diffusion of ions through such ultra-thin films and on the precipitation and growth of ionic crystallite layers on the surfaces. Our results show that the diffusion coefficient of hydrated sodium is two orders of magnitude lower than the diffusion of water into mica–mica cleavage and a factor of 40 lower than the coefficient of sodium ions in bulk water. For the asymmetric case, the dissolution of the quartz surface was observed to be dependent on the interfacial fluid composition and pH, the externally applied ‘lithostatic’ pressure, and the type of crystalline structure exposed to the mica surface. Our experiments also show that there is an initial stage after fresh solution is added in which the spacing between the surfaces increases, however, the thickness started decreasing steadily after approximately 4 h of exposure independently of the crystallinity of the quartz surface. For a particular set of conditions, the process eventually slows down and reaches equilibrium after some time, but a further increase in pressure restarts the dissolution process. This is also true for the addition of fresh interfacial solution during the experiment after a period of thickness fluctuation. These results are consistent with the observation that pressure solution of quartz is greatly enhanced with the presence of mica.
The Local Political Economy of Industrial Adjustment: Variations in Trade Union Responses to Industrial Restructuring in the Italian Textile-Clothing Sector

This article observes that local trade union responses to industrial restructuring in the 1970s and 1980s varied widely in Italy and that these variations reflect local economic, political, and organizational factors. Unions may oppose, accept, or seek to modify managerial restructuring; they may pursue their goals at the factory level or at the territorial level; and they may be generally successful or unsuccessful in accomplishing their objectives. The article argues that economic differences between Italy's “Industrial Triangle” of traditional “Fordist” mass production and the “Third Italy” of “flexible specialization” explain the generally greater activism of the unions in the former, where restructuring was a far more disruptive, traumatic phenomenon than it was in the latter. But the article also observes striking differences within the Industrial Triangle and within the Third Italy that cannot be explained in economic terms. Rather, these differences are shown to result from variations in the local...
Epidermis as a Secretory Tissue: An In Vitro Tissue Model to Study Keratinocyte Secretion

Abstract In addition to protective functions, keratinocytes secrete a variety of effector molecules that may have local or distant effects. To explore the secretory activity of keratinocytes we have developed a two-chamber culture model in which a fully differentiated stratified epithelium is present in the upper chamber and secreted protein is collected in a lower chamber. A collagen matrix is not used and during collection of secreted protein, 3T3 feeder cells are absent. Keratinocytes secrete protein at the rate of 0.67 μg/h/10 6 cells, encompassing a molecular weight range from several kD to over 180 kD. Secretion is an unexplored area of keratinocyte biology and this model will allow investigation of this activity.
A model of non-central production in a monocentric city

Abstract This paper develops a model of production outside the CBD in a monocentric city. The production process is a retail process, and consumers make costless circumferential shopping trips to retail producers. These producers use labor and building space to produce their output, and retail workers commute circumferentially to work at zero cost. The model is tested using detailed commercial data from several cities, and the tests do not fully support the model.
Towards personal stress informatics: comparing minimally invasive techniques for measuring daily stress in the wild

Identifying episodes of significant stress is a challenging problem with implications for personal health and interface adaptation. We present the results of a study comparing multiple modalities of minimally intrusive stress sensing in real-world environments, collected from seven participants as they carried out their everyday activities over a ten-day period. We compare the data streams produced by sensors and self-report measures, in addition to asking the participants, themselves, to reflect on the accuracy and completeness of the data that had been collected. Finally, we describe the range of participant experiences---both positive and negative---as they reported their everyday stress levels. As a result of this study, we demonstrate that voice-based stress sensing tracks with electrodermal activity and self-reported stress measures in real-world environments and we identify limitations of various sensing approaches.
The T-V1 taller than T-V6 pattern. Its potential value in the early recognition of myocardial disease.

Abstract Attention is drawn to the possible usefulness of the T - V 1 > T - V 6 pattern as an early diagnostic sign of myocardial disease, particularly hypertensive or ischemic. Representative tracings illustrating this electrocardiographic syndrome are included. It is estimated that this pattern is present as the only abnormality in approximately one per cent of consecutive hospital tracings.
How Many Casualties Are Too Many? Proportional Reasoning in the Valuation of Military and Civilian Lives1

People frequently judge saved lives as less valuable and deaths more acceptable when they are characterized as small fractions of larger “at-risk” groups. Two studies with U.S. college students demonstrated this effect in judgments concerning acceptable numbers of U.S. military and Middle Eastern civilian casualties. At the beginning of the current U.S.–Iraq conflict (Study 1), priming cost–benefit reasoning produced greater proportional devaluation for Iraqi civilian than for U.S. military lives. In a hypothetical armed intervention in Iran to halt weapons development (Study 2), women but not men showed greater proportional devaluation for U.S. military than for Iranian civilian lives. In both studies, proportional reasoners were willing to accept more casualties. Implications for public perceptions and attitudes are discussed.
Spatial promoter recognition signatures may enhance transcription factor specificity in yeast.

The short length and high degeneracy of sites recognized by DNA-binding transcription factors limit the amount of information they can carry, and individual sites are rarely sufficient to mediate the regulation of specific targets. Computational analysis of microbial genomes has suggested that many factors function optimally when in a particular orientation and position with respect to their target promoters. To investigate this further, we developed and trained spatial models of binding site positioning and applied them to the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found evidence of non-random organization of sites within promoters, differences in binding site density, or both for thirty-eight transcription factors. We show that these signatures allow transcription factors with substantial differences in binding site specificity to share similar promoter specificities. We illustrate how spatial information dictating the positioning and density of binding sites can in principle increase the information available to the organism for differentiating a transcription factor’s true targets, and we indicate how this information could potentially be leveraged for the same purpose in bioinformatic analyses.
Workstation Control of a Pulse Height Analyzer

We are in the midst of upgrading our radiation counting facilities. This upgrade requires control of a Nuclear Data pulse height analyzer (the ND66L) from an LSI-11/23 workstation running RSX-11M. Control of the ND66L includes reading and writing energy spectrums, issuing commands, and servicing device interrupts. The analyzer communicates to the host system over a 9600-baud serial line using the DDCMP protocol. We relieved the workstation CPU from the DDCMP overhead by implementing a DEC compatible DMA serial line board to communicate with the ND66L. An I/O device driver was written to complete the path between the ND66L and the RSX system. The device driver, its use by an application code, and its operating environment will be discussed.
The behavior of ions near a charged wall-dependence on ion size, concentration, and surface charge.

A renormalization of the 3D-RISM-HNC integral equation is used to study the solvent and ion distributions at neutral and negatively charged planar atomistic surfaces. The charge density of the surf...
Acoustic measurements in high-speed subsonic jets

ACOUSTIC measurements have been made in the "near" (/•/£>< 60, JC/ZX60) field of high Reynolds number (184,000-262,000) axisymmetric cold-air jets exhausting at atmospheric pressure. These measurements were in conjunction with an investigation that characterized the largescale coherent structure in the flowfield of Mach number 0.60.8 jets. Natural jets as well as artificially excited jets were studied. Directivity plots were made for all jets at various frequencies. Overall noise radiated by the jets was found to reach a maximum value around 30 deg from the jet axis. However, individual frequencies emitted maximum sound pressure level (SPL) at different angles from the jet axis. As the angle from the jet axis increased, the spectra of the noise shifted to higher frequencies. It was observed that the coherent structure's axial wave speed decreased with decreasing frequency, much in the same way the angle of peak noise emission decreased with decreasing frequency. We propose that it was this slowing of the wave speed that caused the decrease in the peak noise emission angle. The noise production mechanism in the jet was found to be more responsive to midband excitation frequencies. Excitation at these frequencies caused a small increase in SPL at the frequency of excitation, but a much larger increase in full spectrum noise. Contents The present research was conducted to determine the Mach number dependence of large-scale coherent structures in highspeed, subsonic jet flowfields.1 Acoustic measurements were made in conjunction with the flowfield measurements. This synoptic will present the results of these acoustic measure
Information systems for planning

Abstract This paper presents a view of planning as an attempt to create a desired or preferred future. Three different modes of planning in three different environments are discussed. The framework is used to examine the role of information systems to meet the planning information needs of the different environments.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism and virulence polymorphism in Puccinia hordei

Puccinia hordei is the causal agent of barley leaf rust. To study the genetic diversity in P. hordei, 45 isolates with diverse virulence patterns and geographical origins were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Two pathotypes of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and one isolate of P. graminis f. sp. secalis were included in the analysis for comparison. Six primer-pair combinations of amplified fragment length polymorphism were used and a total of 782 polymorphic markers were generated. Cluster analysis showed that P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. graminis f. sp. secalis were distinctly different from P. hordei. The P. hordei isolates were clustered into five groups: group I contained a single, rare isolate that was virulent on all resistance genes except Rph13 and Rph15 ; group II contained a single isolate found to be virulent on the resistance gene Rph15 ; group III contained 2 isolates; group IV contained 24 isolates, 11 from the United States and 13 from diverse locations a...
Modal density function and number of propagating modes in ducts

Often raised questions in duct sound propagation studies involve the total number of propagating modes, the number of propagating radial modes for a particular spinning lobe number, and the number of modes possible between two given values of cutoff ratio or eigenvalue. These questions can be answered approximately by using the modal density function for ducts in a manner similar to that previously published for architectural acoustics. The modal density functions are given for rectangular and circular ducts with a uniform steady flow. Results from this continuous theory are compared to the actual (discrete) modal distributions.
Agendas for multi-agent learning

Shoham et al. identify several important agendas which can help direct research in multi-agent learning. We propose two additional agendas-called ''modelling'' and ''design''-which cover the problems we need to consider before our agents can start learning. We then consider research goals for modelling, design, and learning, and identify the problem of finding learning algorithms that guarantee convergence to Pareto-dominant equilibria against a wide range of opponents. Finally, we conclude with an example: starting from an informally-specified multi-agent learning problem, we illustrate how one might formalize and solve it by stepping through the tasks of modelling, design, and learning.
Soil properties in fire-consumed log burnout openings in a Missouri oak savanna

Abstract Downed logs are known to increase species diversity in many forest ecosystems by increasing resource and structural complexity and by altering fire behavior in fire-prone ecosystems. In a frequently burned oak savanna in central Missouri, combustion of downed logs formed patches that have remained free of herbaceous vegetation for more than 3 years. To assess the influence of “log burnouts” on soil conditions we compared soil chemical, biological and physical properties in log burnout zones and beneath surrounding herbaceous vegetation. Soil pH and extractable soil NO3−, P, K+ and Ca2+ were all higher in the log burnouts compared to adjacent soil. There was no difference in total soil N or extractable NH4+. An index of plant N availability was lower and the soil C:N ratio was higher in the burnout patches, though the magnitudes of these reductions do not explain the persistence of the bare patches. We suspect that following log combustion degraded soil aggregate structure and decreased soil porosity alters soil water availability and restricts plant colonization into the log burnouts areas. The modified soil conditions associated with fire-consumed coarse woody debris may have a long-term influence on herbaceous species diversity and spatial distribution in fire-maintained oak savannas.
Procedure to Interpret Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Cover Concrete during Rewetting

This paper discusses the interpretation of electrical conductivity measurements in concrete to assess water penetration. Specifically, a series of finite element simulations were performed to develop an analytical function that relates the measured electrical conductivity to the position of the moisture front inside a concrete specimen. The effects of specimen size and electrode location were considered in the simulations. An approach is demonstrated whereby the measured conductivity was used to determine the position of the moisture front after rewetting thereby enabling the sorption properties of the cover concrete to be evaluated. The method described in this paper improves on previous approaches in that it enables resolving the position of moisture front based on only one electrical measurement and properties of the saturated and unsaturated concrete. This allows the use of one electrode pair to detect the position of moisture front at any time a measurement is performed.
Renewable liquid film-based electrochemical sensor for gaseous hydroperoxides

Electrochemical sensors for hydroperoxides based on thin flowing films were investigated. The sensor is composed of two segments of Nafion tubing put on a silver wire. A small portion of the silver wire is exposed and is chloridized to function as the reference electrode. One Nafion segment has a Pt-wire coil wrapped on it to function as the counter electrode and the other has a similar Pt-Rh wire coil that functions as the working electrode. A collection solution flows as a thin film on the sensor surface and also functions as the collection medium. Hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide were examined as test compounds. The former can be oxidatively determined with a Pt-Rh electrode over a large range (ppb-ppm) without any significant influence of relative humidity. By using a technique to stop the liquid flow, the sensitivity can be further improved. Cumene hydroperoxide, an industrially important hydroperoxide, can be determined easily with a relative precision of better than 5% in the vapor phase over simulated process reaction mixtures containing percentage levels of the analyte by reduction on a Pd electrode. The sensor is simple and inexpensive to fabricate and requires only a suitably equipped personal computer for operation.
DISPOSAL OF LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES AT A LARGE UNIVERSITY INCINERATOR.

The University of Minnesota incinerator is used for disposal of low-level combustible radioactive waste. Calculations have been made to determine the concentration of radioactive material in the air and ash effluent. Air dilution volumes are determined by continuous airflow and temperature monitoring devices. It is demonstrated that such an incinerator can be used to dispose of low-level radioactive waste within prescribed limits.
Interval patterning and auditory gap detection

Pattern effects associated with the perception of the temporal microstructure of auditory signals were examined. Temporal changes, or gaps, were introduced into auditory interval patterns produced by a sequence of pulses. Discrimination thresholds for positive, and for negative, gaps were obtained as a function of the surrounding pattern of intervals. Gap thresholds increase with the slope of the surrounding interval pattern. Gap thresholds are smaller when the gap interval represents an extension, rather than a reversal, of the surrounding pattern. The results are in agreement with Heise and Miller’s thresholds of tonal isolation from repeated melodies, and with Mangelsdorf’s visual extrapolation thresholds of point-of-collision. The agreement of results from diverse test situations suggests a non-specifiC., general patterning effect upon discontinuity thresholds.
Bodhipuja: collective representations of Sri Lanka youth

In traditional Buddhism, the Bodhi. Tree—a symbol of the Buddha—is worshipped for the accumulation of merit (pin) for the other-worldly purpose of gaining desirable rebirths. Subordinately, the Bodhi has also been worshipped for the purpose of gaining specific ends in this world. Dynamic modern Buddhist movements in urban Sri Lanka emphasize Buddhist worship as opposed to deity worship for gaining this-worldly benefit. This latter orientation provides fertile ground for the rise of a new cult of Bodhi worship among the educated, unemployed, urban youth of Sri Lanka. It provides them with a means of emotional expression for a new religiosity that is clearly at variance with the serene piety of traditional Theravada Buddhism. It is also argued that charismatically mediated religious performances are structurally similar to a modern, popular secular-musical performance: both of them bind the same youthful devotees to one another in similar ways in a spirit of communitas. [Asia, Bodhi Tree, Buddhism, Sri Lanka, youth, religious change]
Semiconductor photonics: Laser diodes go green

Researchers at Nichia Corporation have demonstrated green InGaN-based lasers grown on c-plane sapphire, with lifetimes capable of supporting commercial applications.
Determining “Medical Necessity” in Mental Health Practice

Should mental health insurance cover only disorders found in DSM-IV, or should it be extended to treatment for ordinary shyness, unhappiness, and other responses to life's hard knocks?