cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monosodium Glutamate and Sweet Taste: Generalization of Conditioned Taste Aversion between Glutamate and Sweet Stimuli in Rats

Even though monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a prototypical umami substance, previous studies reported that a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to MSG, mixed with amiloride to block the taste of sodium, generalizes to sucrose. These findings suggest that the taste of glutamate mimics the taste of sucrose and raise the question of whether glutamate has a broadly tuned sweet taste component. To test this hypothesis, CTA experiments were conducted to test for generalization between MSG and several sweet stimuli: sucrose, glucose, maltose, saccharin and SC-45647. Strong bidirectional generalization was seen between MSG mixed with amiloride and sucrose, glucose, saccharin and SC-45647. Weak generalization was seen between MSG and maltose, and sucrose and maltose. None of the CTAs generalized to NMDA. These findings support the hypothesis that the taste of MSG has broadly tuned, sweet-like characteristics, possibly due to the convergence of afferent signals for MSG, natural sugars and artificial sweeteners.
Cyclic amp-mediated phosphorylation reactions in the regulation of blood platelet aggregation

Abstract 1. 1. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is pointed out to exert its effect on platelet function solely by stimulating platelet protein kinase. 2. 2. Data from our laboratory and others indicate that in the presence of physiological concentrations of cAMP, ATP and Mg+, platelet protein kinase(s) phosphorylates and alters the activity of key platelet membrane and cytoplasmic enzymes. These enzymes include those involved in platelet cAMP synthesis and degradation, ATP→ADP hydrolysis coupled with either monovalent ion transport or contractile function, glycogen synthesis and degradation, prostaglandins and endoperoxides production, and other protein substrates such as microtubules whose function in platelets is yet to be determined. 3. 3. A scheme is presented in which an increase in platelet cAMP concentration and phosphorylation correlates with an inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Curcumin inhibits skin squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth in vivo.

Objective. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) has increased from 4% to 10% over 4 decades, stimulating interest in developing novel agents that slow sun-damaged skin progression. This is the first study evaluating the naturally occurring bioactive food compound curcumin on skin cancer xenografts. Low bioavailability of curcumin has slowed its transition to clinical trials. It is hypothesized that curcumin has growth-inhibitory effects through the MTOR pathway and chemopreventive potential in skin SCCa where local application could bypass bioavailability problems.Study Design. A randomized experimental animal and laboratory study.Setting. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.Subjects and Methods. SCID mice were pretreated with 0, 5, or 15 mg of curcumin (n = 8 per group), 3 days prior to injecting 106 SRB12-p9 skin SCCa cells in each flank, and were gavaged daily thereafter. Tumor volumes were measured and tumors were harvested on day 24 when mice were sacrificed. Immunohist...
Parallel multi-level analytical global placement on graphics processing units

GPU platforms are becoming increasingly attractive for implementing accelerators because they feature a larger number of cores with improved programmability. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a state-of-the-art academic multi-level analytical placer mPL [8] on Nvidia's massively parallel GT200 series platforms. We detail our efforts on performance tuning and optimizations. When compared to software implementation on Intel's recent generation Xeon CPU, the speed of the global placement part of mPL is 15X faster on average using a Tesla C1060 card, with comparable WL. (less than 1% WL degradation on average) Categories and Subject Descriptors B.7.1 [Integrated Circuits]: Types and Design Styles-Algorithms implemented in GPUs General Terms Algorithms, Performance, Design
Openness/Intellect in a 50-Item IPIP Instrument:

The M5-50 is a five-factor theory instrument based on the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) that has had difficulties with the five-factor model fitting well. The openness domain’s factor ...
Contrasts and Classtalk: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Welfare-To-Work Program Managers

Historically, discourse about welfare in the United States has changed from a language of ‘need’ to a culture of ‘dependency’. Adopting ‘dependency’ as a frame to construct the public opinion of we...
DNA-PK and ATM are required for radiation-enhanced integration

Ionizing radiation is known to improve transfection of exogenous DNA, a process we have termed radiation-enhanced integration. Previous observations have demonstrated that Ku proteins are critical for radiation-enhanced integration. Since Ku proteins form the DNA-binding domain of DNA-PK and since DNA-PK is important in nonhomologous DNA end joining, it was hypothesized that DNA-PK function might be important for radiation-enhanced integration. The ATM protein has been shown to be important in the recognition of a variety of types of DNA damage and to associate with DNA-PK under certain conditions. It was thus hypothesized that ATM might also play a role in radiation-enhanced integration. To test these hypotheses, radiation-enhanced integration was measured in hamster cells that are defective in the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK and in human cells containing mutant ATM. Radiation-enhanced integration was not detected in any of the cell lines with mutant PRKDC (also known as DNA-PKcs), but it was present in cells of the same lineage with wild-type PRKDC. Radiation-enhanced integration was defective in cells lacking kinase activation. ATM-deficient cell lines also showed defective radiation-enhanced integration. These data demonstrate that DNA-PK and ATM must both be active for radiation-enhanced integration to be observed.
THE ACOUSTIC ANALOGY AS A TOOL OF COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS

The acoustic analogy proposed by Lighthill in 1952 in his jet noise theory provides an exact governing equation of noise generation away from the flow region. The generalization of Lighthill’s equation in the presence of moving surfaces by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings in 1969 was a major advance. The primary impact of the governing equation of noise generation known as the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation has been in the prediction of the noise of rotating blades such as high speed propellers and helicopter rotors. Since the mid-seventies many researchers have derived solutions to the FW-H equation in both the time and frequency domains. Sophisticated computer codes for noise prediction based upon the acoustic analogy have been developed with highly realistic blade geometry, kinematics and aerodynamic input. As a result of the demand by aeroacousticians, much effort has gone into the development of high resolution aerodynamics for use in acoustic codes. The acoustic analogy is now in a mature stage. The aircraft industry is beginning to rely on codes based on the acoustic analogy to control aircraft propulsion system noise. In this paper, we argue that, because of the exact nature of the FW-H equation, the availability of high quality aerodynamic data, sophisticated acoustic codes and high performance computers, the acoustic analogy is an important and useful tool of computational aeroacoustics. Some examples for advanced propellers and rotors are presented.
Dominance, Power, and Politics in Nonhuman and Human Primates

Dominance is a common, although not universal, characteristic of social relationships in nonhuman primates. One individual is dominant to another when it consistently wins the agonistic interactions between them. Attainment of high dominance rank can bring reproductive payoffs, mostly because it confers priority of access to monopolizable food sources (for females) or to mating opportunities (for males). For females in particular, a wide variation exists in the frequency of intense aggression, the directionality of aggression within dyads, the tolerance of high-ranking individuals, and other aspects of “dominance style.” This variation reflects variation in ecology and is also influenced by phylogenetic history. Variation also exists in male dominance style, although it has not received as much attention. Dominance is one component of power, which also encompasses other sources of asymmetry in relationships that affect the relative ability of individuals to carry out their goals against the interests of others. Leverage is an important source of power in many nonhuman primates; an animal has leverage over another when it controls a resource or service that cannot be appropriated by force, such as agonistic support. Individuals behave politically when they try to increase or maintain their power relative to that of others by manipulating social relationships, both their own and those of others. The concept of power applies universally to gregarious primates, although asymmetries do not occur between adults of all species, but we should only ascribe politics to species in which the actors have knowledge about the relationships between others in their groups. Some parts of the literatures in political science and political anthropology not only provide useful frameworks for a comparative investigation of power and politics in nonhuman primates, but also highlight qualitative differences between humans and other primates, especially regarding the importance of ideologies and political rhetoric.
Survival of Unfed Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs Under Laboratory Conditions for Two Years

Amblyomma americanum (L.) (lone star tick) is an aggressive, three-host tick that is commonly found throughout the southeastern United States (Goddard and Varela-Stokes 2009, Vet. Parasitol. 160: 1–12). This tick utilizes an array of vertebrates for hosts, including humans (Bishopp and Trembley 1945, J. Parasitol. 31: 1–54), and has even been demonstrated to imbibe hemolymph from invertebrates (Portugal and Goddard 2015, J. Vector Ecol. 40: 202–204). Lone star ticks are associated with multiple human pathogens and recently have been implicated in cases of heartland virus (Savage et al. 2013, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 89: 445–452) and red meat allergies (Commins et al. 2011, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 127: 1286–1293). Unusual longevity has been described in ixodid ticks, with some Ixodes spp. surviving up to 7 yr (Apanaskevich and Oliver, 2014, Pp. 59–73, In Sonenshine and Roe [eds.], Biology of Ticks. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford) and in adult A. americanum up to 3 yr (Hair and Howell, 1970, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. B-679: 47). Larvae of this species have been noted in the literature to survive without feeding for up to ;9 mo (Hooker et al. 1912, USDA Bull. 106), while unfed nymphs have been reported surviving up to ;18 mo (Koch 1984, J. Med. Entomol. 21: 69–79). This note describes nymphal survival for a full 2 yr under laboratory conditions. Nymphal A. americanum ticks in this observation, which had molted into nymphs on 1 May 2013, were obtained from a colony at the Oklahoma State University Tick Rearing Facility. Amblyomma americanum in this colony are reared on sheep and rabbits, and the most recent introduction of new material (collected from the field) was 15 June 2012. Ticks were received in our lab on 23 May 2013 and were immediately labeled and placed in a desiccator jar containing a concentrated salt
Loss of Adult Cardiac Myocyte GSK-3 Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe Resulting in Fatal Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Rationale: Cardiac myocyte–specific deletion of either glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α and GSK-3β leads to cardiac protection after myocardial infarction, suggesting that deletion of both isoforms may provide synergistic protection. This is an important consideration because of the fact that all GSK-3–targeted drugs, including the drugs already in clinical trial target both isoforms of GSK-3, and none are isoform specific. Objective: To identify the consequences of combined deletion of cardiac myocyte GSK-3α and GSK-3β in heart function. Methods and Results: We generated tamoxifen-inducible cardiac myocyte–specific mice lacking both GSK-3 isoforms (double knockout). We unexpectedly found that cardiac myocyte GSK-3 is essential for cardiac homeostasis and overall survival. Serial echocardiographic analysis reveals that within 2 weeks of tamoxifen treatment, double-knockout hearts leads to excessive dilatative remodeling and ventricular dysfunction. Further experimentation with isolated adult cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts from double-knockout implicated cardiac myocytes intrinsic factors responsible for observed phenotype. Mechanistically, loss of GSK-3 in adult cardiac myocytes resulted in induction of mitotic catastrophe, a previously unreported event in cardiac myocytes. Double-knockout cardiac myocytes showed cell cycle progression resulting in increased DNA content and multinucleation. However, increased cell cycle activity was rivaled by marked activation of DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and mitotic catastrophe–induced apoptotic cell death. Importantly, mitotic catastrophe was also confirmed in isolated adult cardiac myocytes. Conclusions: Together, our findings suggest that cardiac myocyte GSK-3 is required to maintain normal cardiac homeostasis, and its loss is incompatible with life because of cell cycle dysregulation that ultimately results in a severe fatal dilated cardiomyopathy.
Sample Adequacy and Implications for Occupational Health Psychology Research

Bergman and Jean (2016) skillfully summarize how the industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology literature generally overrepresents salaried, core, managerial, professional, and executive employees. We concur that that the underrepresentation of traditional workers (i.e., wage earners, laborers, first-line personnel, freelancers, contract workers, and other workers outside managerial, professional, and executive positions) can negatively affect our science. In our commentary we extend the arguments of Bergman and Jean by (a) discussing the appropriate use of samples, which are determined by study goals and hypotheses, and (b) further examining samples in occupational health psychology (OHP) and related journals, which generally require worker samples.
Abstract 2249: Use of telomere length and genetic variations in maintenance genes to predict risk of recurrence and survival in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

Purpose: Telomeres play a key role in maintaining chromosome stability. Telomere length and genetic variations in maintenance genes may be associated with risk of lung cancer. A significant number of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will develop recurrence after resection. To potentially identify this subgroup of patients, we hypothesized that telomere length in peripheral blood as well as genetic variations in maintenance genes would have significant predictive value for recurrence and survival after curative resection in NSCLC. Methods: This is a prospective study involving patients with early stage NSCLC who underwent resection at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1991 and 2007. Relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral leukocytes was measured by real-time PCR in 473 patients. 159 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 12 maintenance genes were genotyped in 467 patients who were treated with surgery only (N=340) or surgery and chemotherapy (N=127). The risk of recurrence was estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Long telomere length was associated with increased risk of recurrence (1.13 vs. 1.07, P=0.047). This increased risk was more pronounced in female (HR=2.25; 95% CI, 1.02-4.96, P=0.044) and adenocarcinoma subgroups (HR=2.19; 95% CI, 1.05-4.55, P=0.036). SNPs that were predictive of recurrence (P 1 in surgery+chemo); B=should receive surgery and chemo (HR>1 in surgery only and HR 1 in both groups). For example, patients with the 2 variant alleles of rs733396 had significantly increased risk of developing recurrence if treated with surgery alone (HR=1.85, 95% CI,1.04-3.29, P=0.036), but adding chemotherapy to patients with the same variant had a protective effect (HR=0.31, 95% CI, 0.09-1.04, P=0.057) thereby placing this variant into group B. In terms of survival, we categorized patients into favorable, intermediate and unfavorable groups based on the number of unfavorable genotypes they have. Unfavorable group (>9 unfavorable SNPs) had 3.23 fold increase in risk of overall death with median survival time (MST) of 55 months compared to favorable group (0-6 unfavorable SNPs) with MST of 136 months. Conclusions: Long telomere length is associated with increased risk of recurrence in early stage NSCLC after curative resection. Our proposed risk-prediction model using prognostic SNPs within telomere maintenance genes may be used to guide therapy and determine prognosis of patients following resection. [Supported by NCI CA 111646, CA 55769 and CA 70907] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2249. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2249
New species of birds described from 1966 to 1975

A total of 48 new species of birds were described in the ten year period from 1966 to 1975. Of these 28 can be considered good species but nine of the eleven doubtful species might also turn out to be valid (6, 7, 8, 13, 18, 27, 29, 30, 31). The 28 species can be tabulated as follows: Aa New species in new genera (2): 4, 40 Ab New species not clearly members of a superspecies (14): 5, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 20, 24, 34, 39, 43, 45, 47, 48 Ac Allospecies (members of superspecies) (12): 2, 3, 10, 15, 17, 21, 25, 32, 35, 36, 42, 46 An additional 20 names cannot now be assigned the status of valid full species: Ba Species inquirendae (12): 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 Bb Subspecies (2): 1, 23 Bc Synonyms (6): 22, 33, 37, 38, 41, 44
Crystal structure of 4'-bromo-2',5'-dimeth-oxy-2,5-dioxo-[1,1'-biphen-yl]-3,4-dicarbo-nitrile [BrHBQ(CN)2] benzene hemisolvate.

In the crystal of the title compound, C16H9BrN2O4·0.5C6H6, the mol­ecules stack in a centrosymmetric unit cell in a 2:1 stoichiometry with co-crystallized benzene solvent mol­ecules and inter­act via various weak inter­actions. This induces a geometry different from that predicted by theory, and is unique among the hemibi­quinones heretofore reported.
Construct Measurement In Management Information Systems: A Review And Critique Of User Satisfaction And User Involvement Instruments

AbstractConstruct measurement in management information systems (MIS) is still very much in its infancy and has not yet produced instruments of adequate reliability and validity, thereby raising questions about the robustness of substantive findings. User satisfaction (US) and user involvement (UI) are two central MIS constructs which have been conceptualized and operationalized in a number of different ways and from divergent theoretical perspectives. The most commonly used measures of US and UI are critically evaluated here against a set of traditional psychometric criteria. Based on this evaluation, a number of psychometric and substantive problems regarding the scales are identified which are categorized as scale, sample, reliability, methodological and reporting problems. A variety of methods and techniques designed to overcome the measurement problems analyzed in this research are discussed to increase the quality of construct measurement in MIS and recommendations for an ongoing program of coostruc...
Contours of Absolute Monarchy

While writers in ancien regime France did not use the word absolutisme to describe their government, apologists for the great revolution during the decade of the 1790s found this neologism to be an accurate assessment of the monarchical political order that was overthrown by a newly liberated and enlightened people.1 Indeed French absolutism was in some respects ‘defined to fit the case of Louis XIV, making the word synonymous with the alleged innovations and policies of one man, instead of regarding it as ‘a broad historic phenomenon’.2 The word first made its appearance in England even later, in the radical literature of the 1830s.3 But in seventeenth-century England, doctrines of absolute sovereignty were very often associated by its critics with the narrow power-seeking interests of the Stuart monarchy and the privileged clergy in the state-supported Church of England. In either case monarchical absolutism was pejoratively linked with unlimited power, tyranny, despotism, fanaticism, the rule of one against the interests of the many. Until recently some historians have been willing to accept the harsh judgement registered by the French revolutionaries and English radicals against the first promoters of the idea of absolutism, while accepting the notion that absolutist forms of government enjoyed their definitive flowering in the seventeenth century.
An International Symposium on Experimental Archaeology

(1976). An International Symposium on Experimental Archaeology. Lithic Technology: Vol. 5, No. 1-2, pp. 2-3.
Polygenic Causes of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Produce Common Lung Pathologies

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the most common and lethal congenital anomalies, and significant evidence is available in support of a genetic contribution to its etiology, including single-gene knockout mice associated with diaphragmatic defects, rare monogenetic disorders in humans, familial aggregation, and association of CDH with chromosomal abnormalities. Structural lung defects in the form of lung hypoplasia are almost invariably seen in patients with CDH and frequently in animal models of this condition. Better understanding of the mechanisms of pulmonary defects in CDH has the potential for creating targeted therapies, particularly in postnatal stages, when therapeutics can have maximum clinical impact on the surviving cohorts. Successful treatment of CDH is dependent on the integration of human genomic and genetic data with developmental expression profiling, mouse knockouts, and gene network and pathway modeling, which have generated a large number of candidate genes and pathways for follow-up studies. In particular, defective alveolarization appears to be a common and potentially actionable phenotype in both patients and animal models.
Effects of Sorbate, Benzoate, Sulfur Dioxide and Temperature on Growth and Patulin Production by Byssochlamys nivea in Grape Juice.

The influence of potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and temperature on biomass and patulin production by Byssochlamys nivea in grape juice was investigated. Growth of B. nivea was monitored over a 25-d incubation period at 21, 30 and 37°C. Approximately 2,500 mg (dry weight) of biomass per 100 ml of juice was obtained in controls at 30 and 37°C; significantly lower amounts were observed at 21°C. Based on concentration, SO2 had the most significant effect on reducing biomass production followed by potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, respectively. Patulin was produced in the highest concentrations (10 mg/100 ml) at 21°C after 20 d of incubation. Production was less at 30 and 37°C, with a fairly rapid decrease after reaching a maximum concentration. As in the biomass study, SO2 had the most significant influence on inhibiting patulin production followed by potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.
Non-Cooperative Intervention Policies

This chapter analyses optimal intervention policies when each central bank acts in a non-cooperative fashion, not taking account of the effects that its policies have onto the other country. International spillovers that are embodied in the exchange rate, are thus ignored.
Spectroscopic studies of the interaction of Eu(III) with the roots of water hyacinth.

The water hyacinth is a plant currentlybeing used throughout the world, including siteswithin 1 km of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, for theremoval of toxic metals from water. We have recentlyshown that the roots of water hyacinth will removelarge quantities of Eu(III) from water. In this studywe were able to determine that carboxylic acids areresponsible for binding the intracellular proportionof Eu(III) in the roots of water hyacinth using thetechniques of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) andInfrared (IR) spectroscopies.
Covert Timing Channels Exploiting Non-Uniform Memory Access based Architectures

Covert timing channels are a class of information leakage attacks where two processes, namely the trojan and spy, collude with intent to stealthily exfiltrate privileged information even when the underlying system security policy prohibits any direct communication between the two processes. In this paper, we present a new type of covert timing channel that exploits the access timing difference between various caches in Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)-based architectures, especially multi-socket CPUs. We demonstrate a realistic covert timing channel implemented on a dual-socket Intel Xeon server. We then explore use of statistical analysis techniques to characterize and quantify the presence of covert timing channel activity. Our experimental results show that such quantification techniques could be a useful first step in formulating an effective defense against NUMA-based covert timing channels.
Quantum gravity: Searching in the dark

There is no single approach to the quantization of gravity. Rather, multiple models are based on various assumptions, and experimental tests of Planck-scale physics present a particular challenge.
On the Whitney distortion extension problem for $C^m(\mathbb R^n)$ and $C^{\infty}(\mathbb R^n)$ and its applications to interpolation and alignment of data in $\mathbb R^n$

Let $n,m\geq 1$, $U\subset\mathbb R^n$ open. In this paper we provide a sharp solution to the following Whitney distortion extension problems: (a) Let $\phi:U\to \mathbb R^n$ be a $C^m$ map. If $E\subset U$ is compact (with some geometry) and the restriction of $\phi$ to $E$ is an almost isometry with small distortion, how to decide when there exists a $C^m(\mathbb R^n)$ one-to-one and onto almost isometry $\Phi:\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R^n$ with small distortion which agrees with $\phi$ in a neighborhood of $E$ and a Euclidean motion $A:\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R^n$ away from $E$. (b) Let $\phi:U\to \mathbb R^n$ be $C^{\infty}$ map. If $E\subset U$ is compact (with some geometry) and the restriction of $\phi$ to $E$ is an almost isometry with small distortion, how to decide when there exists a $C^{\infty}(\mathbb R^n)$ one-to-one and onto almost isometry $\Phi:\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R^n$ with small distortion which agrees with $\phi$ in a neighborhood of $E$ and a Euclidean motion $A:\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R^n$ away from $E$. Our results complement those of [14,15,20] where there, $E$ is a finite set. In this case, the problem above is also a problem of interpolation and alignment of data in $\mathbb R^n$.
Bark Like a Man: Performance, Identity, and Boundary in Old English Animal Voice Catalogues

Stanton examines early-medieval catalogues of animal noises (Latin ouis balat, Old English scep blaet, English sheep bleat), which were intended to teach formal aspect of poetry and language theory. But they also explored and tested problematic differences and boundaries between rational, articulated human speech and instinctive, inarticulate nonhuman noise, and hence the very concept of the animal. Interrogating species boundaries and overlaps animated the intellectual world of Anglo-Saxon England, a culture deeply preoccupied with the playful signification of language. The animal noise of list of Aldhelm (seventh century) provides a link between grammatical and poetic theory and the vivid onomatopoeia of Old English and Latin riddles that gave animal subjects barking, bleating, and shrieking voices of their own.
Automatic EEG classification: a path to smart and connected sleep interventions

We develop a random forest classifier to automatically classify brain waves into sleep stages by using the publicly available data from PhysioBank. More specifically, we use the EEG signals from a single pair of electrodes (FPz–Cz) recorded from 20 patients and evaluate the impact of data balancing and incorporating signal history on classification results. The accuracy of the model is objectively evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation. The developed model achieves the mean accuracy of 0.74, with that of the individual sleep stages ranging from 0.65 to 0.91. Next, we leverage this online sleep scoring scheme to introduce dynamic interventions as sleep process evolves over night. We develop a semi-Markov decision process model to determine optimal intervention policies to minimize the gap between the amount of sleep experienced in different stages and predetermined targets and provide computational results.
C1 Posterior Arch Flare Point: A Useful Landmark for Fluoroscopically Guided C1–2 Puncture

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The C1–2 intrathecal puncture is routinely performed when lumbar puncture is not feasible. Usage has steadily decreased in part because of the perceived high risk of injury to the cervical cord. Up to this point, vague fluoroscopic guidelines have been used, creating uncertainty about the actual needle location relative to the spinal cord. We present a novel osseous landmark to aid in C1–2 intrathecal puncture, corresponding to the posterior spinal cord margin on lateral fluoroscopic views. This landmark, which we have termed the “flare point,” represents the triangular “flaring” of the posterior C1 arch at its junction with the anterior arch. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cervical spine CT myelograms were reviewed. High-resolution axial images were reformatted into the sagittal plane, and maximum-intensity-projection images were created to simulate a lateral fluoroscopic view. Tangential lines were drawn along the superior cortices of the anterior and posterior C1 arches, with the point of intersection used to approximate the flare point. Chart review was performed for all C1–2 punctures using the flare point technique in the past 3 years. RESULTS: Forty-two cervical myelograms were reviewed. The average flare point was 0.2 ± 0.5 mm posterior to the dorsal spinal cord margin. In 37/42 subjects, the flare point was localized posterior to the spinal cord. Targeting by means of the flare point was used in 16 C1–2 punctures without complications. CONCLUSIONS: The C1 posterior arch flare point accurately approximates the dorsal spinal cord margin on myelography. Targeting between the flare point and the spinolaminar line, at the mid-C1–2 interspace, allows safe and optimal needle positioning.
Broadband Omni-resonant Enhancement in Near-Infrared Quantum-Efficiency of a Thin Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell

By embedding an amorphous-silicon thin-film solar cell in an omni-resonant micro-cavity, we demonstrate a broadband boost in the near-infrared optical absorption and concomitant enhancement in the quantum efficiency.
The current knowledge about the therapeutic use of endoscopic sclerotherapy and endoscopic tissue adhesives in variceal bleeding

Introduction: The most recent guidelines vary in their approach to the management of variceal bleeding especially with the use of endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) and endoscopic tissue adhesive (ETA). This review highlights their clinical use for variceal bleeding from different guidelines perspectives. Areas covered: A comprehensive literature review of three major guidelines including the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2017, United Kingdom (UK) guidelines 2015 and Baveno VI Consensus workshop guidelines in 2015 on the use of ES and ETA in variceal bleeding. Expert opinion: While endoscopic band ligation (EBL) completely replaced endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) for esophageal varices. There is a valuable use of endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) and endoscopic tissue adhesive (ETA) especially for patients with gastroesophageal varices (GOV2) and isolated gastric varices (IGV2). The current standard of care heading toward portosystemic shunting with Trans-jugular-Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) and balloon retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO). However, recent advancement in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allowing direct injection of sclerosant and tissue adhesive into the varix bringing promising results in achieving hemostasis and lowering the risk of complications. Also, ES and ETA have great clinical value in achieving hemostasis for isolated (ectopic) varices and stomal varices.
The journey into a New me: Narratives of self-development and community revitalization among first-generation, Latinx, adult graduate students:

This study explores the narratives of first-generation, Latinx graduate students whose parents emigrated from Mexico. We aimed to understand the life trajectories of six participants, particularly ...
Towards a Robust Knowledge Graph-Enabled Machine Learning Service Description Framework

Although machine learning (ML) is widely expected to become a key enabler of innovative applications in a number of important domains, building, deploying and managing robust ML pipelines for diverse domains are very challenging as they require expertise in both the application domain as well as the ML field. Recently, machine learning as a service (MLAAS) is being explored as a paradigm to address these challenges and to democratize artificial intelligence (AI). MLAAS envisions an ecosystem with powerful mechanisms for publishing, searching/discovering, composing and deploying ML models. This paper argues that a semantic-rich and flexible ML service description is indispensable for realizing such an ecosystem. Towards this end, we outline a unique approach that leverages knowledge graphs (KGs) for ML service description. A requirements study highlights the ML services aspects that need to be provisioned in the description framework. This paper presents a novel five-dimensional KG-enabled ML service description framework, which incorporates ML task description, Input-Output (I–O) description, ML-model description, dataset and training description and performance characteristics description. In designing this ML service description framework, we introduce several conceptual structures such as functional specifications with semantically-extended types and compound knowledge graphs for representing ML model architectures.
Assumed Privilege and Role Confusion: A South Asian Woman’s Experiences of Social Location and Professional Roles

Where am I? Who do I need to be, based on my social and relational context? To say one set of social locations directs the answers to these questions is an oversimplification. As a South Asian American female born to immigrant parents, the answers differ depending on the intersectionality of my current contexts and whether I am inhabiting the role of a clinician, supervisor, and/or professor. In this chapter, I will explore navigating my own privilege and the assumed privilege that others place on me, while also experiencing marginalization despite being in the role of authority based on my titles. Each of these experiences, intertwined with my professional roles, has shaped my journey of self-discovery and deepened my humility.
Integrating Bayesian Networks into ecosystem services assessment to support water management at the river basin scale

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are negatively affected by climate change and human interventions modifying together supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES). Research on ES focused on assessing risks arising from the interaction among both stressors, integrating empirical data with expert knowledge. This work aims at incorporating Bayesian Networks (BN) approaches into ES appraisal, identifying key factors driving changes and trade-offs among ES potential under different scenarios. Applying the designed BN to the Taro River basin (TRB) in Italy, the outcomes showed a limited space to improve ES potential, as well as trade-offs between water yield and nutrient retention services due to changes in precipitation and land use patterns. Moreover, the analysis of key input variables highlighted that precipitation is the main driver affecting provisioning services while land use for the regulating ones. The results imply a low capacity to provide services in the medium term for the TRB where water was exploited for multiple competing objectives. Therefore, “win-win” spatial planning and water management strategies are needed to improve freshwater ES potential. The designed BN model represents a valuable decision support tool to quickly perform ES assessment and to identify the most suitable management plan to maintain benefits from freshwater ecosystems.
Linking the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program to commercial claims to establish a framework for real-world longitudinal stroke research.

Background Non-interventional large-scale research on real-world patients who had a stroke requires the use of multiple data sources ensuring access to longitudinal data from large populations with clinically-detailed information. We sought to establish a framework for longitudinal research on patients hospitalised with stroke by linking information-rich, deidentified inpatient data from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP) to commercial and Medicare Advantage longitudinal claims data. Methods All stroke admissions in PCNASP between 2008 and 2015 were evaluated for linkage to longitudinal claims from a commercial insurer using an algorithm based on six available common data fields (patient age, gender, admission date, discharge date, discharge diagnosis and state) and a hospital match. We evaluated the linkage quality (via the percentage of unique records in the linked dataset) and the representativeness of the linked population. We also described medical history, stroke severity and patterns of medication use among the PCNASP-claims linked cohort. Results The linkage produced uniqueness equal to 99.1%. We identified 5644 linked and 98 896 unlinked patients who had an ischaemic stroke hospitalisation in claims data. Linked patients were younger than unlinked (69.7 vs 72.5 years), but otherwise similar by medical history, prestroke medication use or lab values. Stroke severity was mild and most patients were discharged home. Prestroke and discharge use of antihypertensive and statins in the PCNASP were greater than their use as measured by filled prescriptions in claims. Conclusions High-quality linkage between the PCNASP and commercial claims data is feasible. This linkage identified differences between reported or recommended versus actual out-of-hospital medication utilisation, highlighting the importance of longitudinal data availability for research aimed to improve the care of patients who had a stroke.
Congressional influence on U.S. monetary policy

Abstract Congressional influence is generally discounted or ignored in political models of Federal Reserve Behavior. Here I show that changes in the leadership of the Senate Banking Committee are significantly correlated with monetary base growth. More liberal Committee leaders are associated with significantly higher base growth, other factors held constant. The result is shown to hold across several econometric specifications and different definitions of the congressional preference variable.
MC-TRACE: multicasting through time reservation using adaptive control for energy efficiency

In this paper, we present multicasting through time reservation using adaptive control for energy efficiency (MC-TRACE), which is an energy-efficient voice multicasting architecture for mobile ad hoc networks. MC-TRACE is a monolithic design, where the medium access control layer functionality and network layer functionality are performed by a single integrated layer. The basic design philosophy behind the networking part of the architecture is to establish and maintain a multicast tree within a mobile ad hoc network using broadcasting to establish the desired tree branches and pruning the redundant branches of the multicast tree based on feedback obtained from the multicast leaf nodes. Energy efficiency of the architecture is partially due to the medium access part, where the nodes can switch to sleep mode frequently; and partially due to the network layer part where the number of redundant data retransmissions and receptions are mostly eliminated. Furthermore, MC-TRACE achieves high spatial reuse efficiency by keeping the number of nodes taking part in multicasting operation minimal. We evaluated the performance of MC-TRACE through ns simulations and compared with flooding. Our results show that packet delivery ratio performance, energy efficiency and spatial reuse efficiency of MC-TRACE is superior to those of flooding
Recent advances in molecular pathology. The state of the viral genome in cells transformed by simian virus 40: a review.

Abstract Simian virus 40 (SV40) is currently one of the most thoroughly studied tumor viruses which contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Several recent reviews have covered different aspects of SV40 tumorigenesis in depth (Black, 1968; Deichman, 1969; Rapp, 1969; Butel et al. , 1972) .It will be used here as a model virus to briefly summarize our current understanding at the molecular level of cells transformed by a DNA-containing tumor virus.
Plasminogen binding to rat hepatocytes in primary culture and to thin slices of rat liver

Human 125I-plasminogen bound readily to rat hepatocytes in primary culture at 4 degrees C and at 37 degrees C. Binding was inhibited by lysine and reversed by lysine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, or nonradiolabeled plasminogen. The Kd for binding of 125I-plasminogen to hepatocytes was 0.59 +/- 0.16 mumol/L, as determined from the saturation isotherm by nonlinear regression (r2 = 0.99) and the Scatchard transformation by linear regression (r2 = 0.93). The number of sites per cell was 14.1 +/- 1.1 x 10(6). Fibrinogen synthesis and secretion by hepatocytes was insufficient to account for the major fraction of plasminogen binding, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and trichloroacetic acid precipitation studies demonstrated that plasminogen is neither activated nor degraded when bound to hepatocytes at 37 degrees C. Thin slices of whole rat liver (500 microns), isolated and prepared totally at 4 degrees C, bound 125I-plasminogen. Binding was inhibited by lysine. 125I-albumin binding to liver slices was minimal and not inhibited by lysine. Activation of plasminogen by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was enhanced by hepatocytes in primary culture. When lysine was included in the media, the enhanced rate of activation was no longer observed. After activation with t-PA, much of the plasmin remained associated with hepatocyte surfaces and was partially protected from inhibition by alpha 2-antiplasmin. These studies suggest that hepatocyte plasminogen binding sites may provide important surface anticoagulant activity.
Writing process on a permeable recording layer: a fundamental issue in perpendicular recording

In this paper, we describe the writing process on a perpendicular recording medium from both a simple reluctance analysis and complete micromagnetics simulations. The pertinent discussion is given on the correlation between the deep gap field and the magnetisation state of a recording medium.
All Pairs Shortest Paths in Sparse Graphs

Given a communications network or road network, one of the most natural algorithmic questions is how to determine the shortest path from one point to another. The all pairs shortest path problem (APSP) is, given a directed graph G D .V; E; l/, to determine the distance and shortest path between every pair of vertices, where jV j D n; jEj D m, and l W E ! R is the edge length (or weight) function. The output is in the form of two n n matrices: D.u; v/ is the distance from u to v and S.u; v/ D w if (u;w) is the first edge on a shortest path from u to v. The APSP problem is often contrasted with the point-to-point and single source (SSSP) shortest path problems. They ask for, respectively, the shortest path from a given source vertex to a given target vertex and all shortest paths from a given source vertex.
Low-temperature magnetic viscosity in the re-entrant ferromagnet (Fe0.68Mn0.32)75P16B6Al3

Studies of magnetic viscosity in (Fe0.68Mn0.32)75P16B6Al3 are presented. The magnetisation in a constant field H is described by M=M1+S ln t. The coefficient S(T) peaks at Tm(H). The authors show that s and the susceptibility chi scale similarly and deduce the ferromagnetic/spin glass transition temperature Tfg approximately=35K, in agreement with their previous results.
Do You Know GINA? If Not, You Should

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, unlike most other anti-discrimination legislation, is crafted to preempt discrimination based on information gathered through genetic testing before it poses a problem (Roberts, 2010). In fact, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, or GINA, is the first preemptive antidiscrimination statute in American history. Legislation was first proposed in 1995 and thirteen years later, Congress, acting somewhat out of character, passed this preventative law only one vote shy of a unanimous decision. Was the protracted debate productive or did it give birth to well-intentioned but convoluted legislation? There is little evidence that genetic discrimination has been or is now an issue in the United States, although many forecast that additional litigation is coming. This paper will briefly address genetic discrimination prior to GINA, summarize Title II of GINA, the section which has the most impact on human resource professionals, and define genetic information as it relates to GINA. It will discuss how that information may or may not be used in employment decisions as well as exemptions to GINA. Steps that employers must take to comply with GINA and the consequences for failure to comply will also be outlined. Finally, this paper addresses whether GINA is redundant, additional “red tape” with good intentions but little impact or valuable, groundbreaking legislation.
Recent Advances on the Understanding of Structural and Composition Evolution of LMR Cathodes for Li-ion Batteries

Lithium-rich, magnesium-rich (LMR) cathode materials have been regarded as very promising for lithium (Li-ion battery applications. However, their practical application is still limited by several barriers such as their limited electrochemical stability and rate capability. In this work, we present recent progress on the understanding of structural and compositional evolution of LMR cathode materials, with an emphasis being placed on the correlation between structural/chemical evolution and electrochemical properties. In particular, using Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 as a typical example, we clearly illustrate the structural characteristics of pristine materials and their dependence on the material-processing history, cycling-induced structural degradation/chemical partition, and their correlation with electrochemical performance degradation. The fundamental understanding that resulted from this work may also guide the design and preparation of new cathode materials based on the ternary system of transitional metal oxides.
A Model for Mental Health Programming in Schools and Communities: Introduction to the Mini-Series.

The conceptual framework for the mini-series on mental health programming in schools and communities is described. The conceptual model includes five components considered to be critical for compre...