cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the collapsar model for gamma-ray bursts

We present results from axisymmetric, time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the collapsar model for gamma-ray bursts. We begin the simulations after the 1.7 M? iron core of a 25 M? presupernova star has collapsed and study the ensuing accretion of the 7 M? helium envelope onto the central black hole formed by the collapsed iron core. We consider a spherically symmetric progenitor model but with spherical symmetry broken by the introduction of a small, latitude-dependent angular momentum and a weak radial magnetic field. Our MHD simulations include a realistic equation of state, neutrino cooling, photodisintegration of helium, and resistive heating. Our main conclusion is that, within the collapsar model, MHD effects alone are able to launch, accelerate, and sustain a strong polar outflow. We also find that the outflow is Poynting flux-dominated and note that this provides favorable initial conditions for the subsequent production of a baryon-poor fireball.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ats1p interacts with Nap1p, a cytoplasmic protein that controls bud morphogenesis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATS1 (α-tubulin suppressor 1) was originally identified as a high-copy suppressor of class two α-tubulin mutations and was proposed to have a regulatory role in coordinating the microtubule state with the cell cycle. Here, we show that Ats1p interacts with Nap1p, a cytoplasmic protein that regulates the activity of the Cdc28p/Clb2p complex. Loss of Nap1p results in a delayed switch from polar to isotropic bud growth. The delayed switch results in elongated buds. Nap1p and Ats1p interact in two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Both nap1Δ and ats1Δ cells have a Clb2p-dependent elongated bud morphology. Deletion of ATS1 partially suppresses the elongated bud morphology and benomyl resistance of nap1Δ mutants. Our results suggest Ats1p might regulate coordination of the microtubule state with the cell cycle through an interaction with Nap1p.
Construct validation of optimism and pessimism in older men: Findings from the normative aging study.

Validation of Scheier and Carver's (1985) Life Orientation Test (LOT) has identified associations between bipolar optimism and several external constructs. However, optimism and pessimism may be not bipolar, but rather separate constructs. Furthermore, these constructs may be indistinguishable from personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion. This study examined the associations of separate optimism and pessimism measures with self-reports of hassles, psychological symptoms, and illness severity, controlling for personality. Ss were 1,192 men from the Normative Aging Study. Findings suggest that optimism and pessimism are separate and that their relations to external criteria remain, although attenuated, when neuroticism and extraversion are controlled.
Comments on the evaluation of transport properties in substitutional alloys

A relation between the optical-theorem analysis of multiple-scattering theory and the problem of evaluating transport properties is established. This approach reproduces results derived earlier in connection with the single-band tight-binding model and, for the muffin-tin model, leads to a closed expression for the vertex corrections to the two-particle Green's function.
A figure of merit for signal processing reflector antennas

In recent years a new class of reflector antennas utilizing array feeds has been receiving attention. An example of this type of antenna is a reflector utilizing a moveable array feed for beam steering. Due to the circuitry required to adjust the weights for the various feed array elements, an appreciable amount of loss can be introduced into the antenna system. One technique to overcome this possible deficiency is to place low noise amplifiers with sufficient gain to overcome the weighting function losses just after each of the feed elements. In the evaluation of signal processing antennas that employ amplifiers the standard antenna gain measurement will not be indicative of the antenna system's performance. In fact, by making only a signal measurement, the antenna gain can be made any arbitrary value by changing the gains of the amplifiers used. In addition, the IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas does not cover the class of antennas where the amplifier becomes part of the antenna system. There exists a need to establish a standard of merit or worth for multi-element antenna systems that involve the use of amplifiers. A proposed figure of merit for evaluating such antenna systems is presented.
The Transposase Domain Protein Metnase/SETMAR Suppresses Chromosomal Translocations

Chromosomal translocations are common in leukemia, but little is known about their mechanism. Metnase (also termed SETMAR) is a fusion of a histone methylase and transposase protein that arose specifically in primates. Transposases were thought to be extinct in primates because they would mediate deleterious DNA movement. In primates, Metnase interacts with DNA Ligase IV (Lig IV) and promotes nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. We show here that the primate-specific protein Metnase can also enhance NHEJ in murine cells and can also interact with murine Lig IV, indicating that it integrated into the preexisting NHEJ pathway after its development in primates. Significantly, expressing Metnase in murine cells significantly reduces chromosomal translocations. We propose that the fusion of the histone methylase SET domain and the transposase domain in the anthropoid lineage to form primate Metnase promotes accurate intrachromosomal NHEJ and thereby suppresses interchromosomal translocations. Metnase may have been selected for because it has a function opposing transposases and may thus play a key role in suppressing translocations that underlie oncogenicity.
Respiratory complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV

Pulmonary complications are described in a case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, established by studies of collagen biosynthesis. At age 20.5 years the patient, who had previously suffered a spontaneous colonic perforation, developed intermittent recurrent hemoptysis and had a spontaneous hemopneumothorax. At presentation, imaging studies revealed multiple scattered cavitary lesions in both lungs. On separate occasions large parenchymal cysts ensued and subsequently regressed. Reviews of other reported patients indicate that pulmonary complications do occur in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV but have not resulted directly in patient mortality.
Web-based tools for modelling and analysis of multivariate data: California ozone pollution activity

This article presents a hands-on web-based activity motivated by the relation between human health and ozone pollution in California. This case study is based on multivariate data collected monthly at 20 locations in California between 1980 and 2006. Several strategies and tools for data interrogation and exploratory data analysis, model fitting and statistical inference on these data are presented. All components of this case study (data, tools, activity) are freely available online at: http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/SOCR_MotionCharts_CAOzoneData. Several types of exploratory (motion charts, box-and-whisker plots, spider charts) and quantitative (inference, regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA)) data analyses tools are demonstrated. Two specific human health related questions (temporal and geographic effects of ozone pollution) are discussed as motivational challenges.
235U and 121Sb NMR investigation of an itinerant antiferromagnet, USb2

Abstract We report 235U and 121Sb NMR in the antiferromagnetic state of USb 2 . Our spectra agree with previous reports by Kato et al., however, we find evidence to suggest three distinct magnetic environments. The temperature dependence of the Sb spin lattice relaxation rate reveals a crossover to Korringa-like metallic behavior below 7 K. We interpret this behavior as arising from conduction electrons scattering below the magnon excitation gap.
Avian osteopetrosis virus induces proliferation of cultured bone cells.

Abstract Bone cells isolated from the periosteum of 8-day embryonic chick limb buds were infected with an avian leukosis virus (MAV-2(O)). Monolayers of cultured periosteal cells contained bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. After infection with MAV-2(O), the specific activity of this isoenzyme was increased on a per cell basis. MAV-2(O)-infected bone cells were then cloned in methylcellulose culture. These clones grew at a higher rate than did clones of uninfected cells. The limb bud cell assay for MAV-2(O) described in this report is the first developed for measuring the proliferative effects of an avian leukosis virus.
The use of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in acute hepatic encephalopathy.

Patients with hepatic insufficiency, particularly surgical patients, represent a critically ill group, in large part due to the central metabolic role of the liver. The therapy of hepatic decompensation in these patients is aimed at offering support until the cause of acute decompensation is relieved and some measure of hepatic regeneration can be achieved. Of those factors influencing hepatic regeneration nutritional therapy is essential, but its use complicated by the fact that these patients are for the most part intolerant of protein. This protein intolerance and the clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy, suspected to be caused in part by derangements in brain neurotransmission, resulted in attempts to use a specialised amino acid formulation enriched to 35-45O. with branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and having low concentrations of phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine. The possible beneficial effects of BCAA in liver disease are based upon in vitro and in vivo studies which have been reported to show the following:
Processing Complex Sentences: A Cross-linguistic Study

The Competition Model is an interactive-activation framework for the study of sentence processing that is designed to handle quantitative as well as qualitative variations in performance across natural languages. Previous studies within this framework have shown that adult listeners base their interpretation of simple sentences on the most valid and reliable cues in their language (e.g. more use of word order in English and more use of subject verb agreement in Italian). Critics have argued that such effects may reflect heuristics that are only applied to simple sentences. The present study shows that these cross-linguistic differences are maintained when participants are asked to interpret complex sentences with an embedded relative clause. A comparison of “off-line” (untimed) and "on-line" (timed) versions of the same experiments shows that these effects hold up under time pressure. The on-line versions also provide new information about cross-linguistic differences in timing and demands on processing. ...
Molecular theory of solvation processes in dipolar and non-dipolar solvents

Abstract We describe a molecular theory of solvation dynamics which provides a detailed description of the mechanism of solvent response following a sudden change in the charge distribution of a solute molecule. The theory is based on a new renormalized linear response development which incorporates nonlinear aspects of equilibrium solvation. The solute-solvent coupling is formulated in terms of intermolecular interactions, without recourse to macroscopic cavity concepts. Both the solute and solvent and solvent are represented by interaction site models, while the dynamical aspects are treated with our previously developed Reference Memory Function Approximation. The results for solvation dynamics in water and acetonitrile compare very favourably with MD simulation results for the same model systems. The same renormalized dynamical theory of solvation provides a very useful framework for estimating free energy profiles and associated parameters (average vertical energy gap, reorganization energy, change in solvation free energy) for electron transfer reactions. The new results demonstrate that a reasonably detailed molecular theory that deals with models incorporating the charge distribution of the molecules explains the solvation properties relevant to the theory of electron transfer reactions in both dipolar and non-dipolar (polar) solvents.
Use of an automated image analyser to quantitate cellular hyperplasia in urinary bladder epithelium.

SUMMARY The feasibility of using an automated image analyser to evaluate quantitatively hyperplasia caused by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine in bladder epithelium was studied. The number of cells per unit length of epithelium was counted manually, and compared with automated measurements of: (1) the number of nuclei, (2) the number of positive tangents to the lower edge of nuclei, (3) the nuclear cross-sectional area, and (4) the epithelial cross-sectional area per unit length respectively. Regression of each of the automated measurements on the manual counts all revealed close linear relationships with correlation coefficients in excess of 0.9. Coefficients of variation for repetitive automated measurements were less than or equal to 0.06 in each of the four modes. The automated system resulted in a great saving in time over manual counting. It is concluded that the automated image analyser provides an accurate, precise, and efficient tool for estimatimg epithelial cell numbers in normal and hyperplastic bladder epithelia.
Spectrum of albumin auto-agglutinins.

The properties of four albumin-agglutinating sera demonstrating a spectrum of reactivities are reported. All cause pan- and auto-agglutination in albumin. Direct and indirect reacting caprylate-dependent agglutinins are described, as are two sera with undefined specificity not related to the presence of caprylate stabilizer in the albumin. Immunoelectrophoretic evidence was obtained to support the concept of albumin-immunoglobulin complex formation in the genesis of albumin agglutination. Most albumin agglutinins react only with albumin stabilized by short-chain fatty acids; however, other specificities may be represented. Albumin agglutinins should be clearly identified in the blood bank to prevent confusion with blood group antibodies.
Expression and function of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in oligodendrocytes.

Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that the SH-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is expressed in CNS glia and functions to modulate cytokine activities in these cells. The present study demonstrates that SHP-1 is expressed within multiple regions of the CNS in vivo, especially in white matter. Interestingly, we show that mice genetically lacking in SHP-1 (motheaten mice) in the CNS displayed dysmyelination. We therefore examined the expression of SHP-1 in the myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes present in either mixed glial cultures or pure cultures expressed high levels of SHP-1 in the cytoplasm of cell bodies and processes. Oligodendrocytes isolated from motheaten mice did not express SHP-1. To test possible functions for SHP-1 in oligodendrocytes in controlling cytokine signaling, we compared the responsiveness of oligodendrocytes isolated from either motheaten or normal littermate mice with IL-6. IL-6 induced higher levels of STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3-responsive c-fos gene expression in pure oligodendrocyte cultures of motheaten compared with normal littermate mice. These studies demonstrate that oligodendrocytes express SHP-1 and that SHP-1 functions to control IL-6 signaling. SHP-1 may therefore be a critical regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation in response to IL-6 family cytokines. Further, these findings may relate to dysmyelination in mice lacking SHP-1.
Distribution of Lead in an Urban Soil: A Case Study and Implications for Potential Remedial Options

Soil has been shown to be a significant risk for exposure to Pb in urban environments. In this study, we investigate a single residential property in Rochester, NY, USA. Using a combination of field portable XRF and selective sequential extraction techniques, 3-D distribution of Pb in soil was determined for the property. Result show substantial translocation of Pb downward through the soil profile, extending into the soil B horizon with the highest concentration of 1679 mg kg-1 found in the 5 to 10 cm depth interval. Sequential extraction results show the majority of Pb to be associated with organic matter and crystalline oxyhydroxides. Initial experiments investigating facilitated leaching found that strong chelating agents could remove appreciable amounts of Pb from the soil, suggesting both possible mechanisms for natural migration or for potential remedial options.
Extraction of Coal Tar Pitch Using a Mixture of Compressed CO2 and Toluene

The removal of low-molecular-weight components from commercial pitches is a critical step in the production of suitable precursors for isotropic carbon fiber formation. A unique extraction process employing a one-phase binary mixture of carbon dioxide and toluene has been developed to remove low-molecular-weight components from coal tar pitch, with an ultimate goal of increasing the softening point of the pitch. The mass fraction of coal tar pitch extracted was determined as a function of extraction temperature (25−75 °C), pressure (8.7−14.9 MPa), and extractive solvent composition (40−70 wt % toluene) using a factorial experimental design. As much as 44 wt % of the coal tar pitch was removed at these extraction conditions, and softening points greater than 250 °C were achieved. The separation is controlled by the temperature and composition of the extractant solvent. This compressed gas/organic solvent extraction process removes low-molecular-weight material from the coal tar pitch using significantly mi...
Whey protein concentrates and isolates: Processing and functional properties

Substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic chemical and structural properties of the principal whey proteins, that is, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and immunoglobulin (Ig). This knowledge has been acquired in terms of: (1) procedures for isolation, purification, and characterization of the individual whey proteins in buffer solutions; and (2) whey fractionation technologies for manufacturing whey protein concentrates (WPC) with improved chemical and functional properties in food systems. This article is a critical review of selected publications related to (1) whey fractionation technology for manufacturing WPC and WPI; (2) fundamental properties of whey proteins; and (3) factors that affect protein functionality, that is, composition, protein structure, and processing.
Prediction of the acoustic field in a three-dimensional rectangular duct using the boundary element method

A boundary element formulation, along with detailed solution procedure for determining the acoustic field inside a three-dimensional, rectangular duct is presented in this paper. The results of classical and boundary element solutions are compared for a typical rectangular duct by restricting the input frequency in such a way that only plane wave propagation is possible. The effect of changing the type and number of discrete boundary elements on the computed sound pressure levels inside the duct is also presented.
Human cystathionine β-synthase is a target for sumoylation

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the first irreversible step in the transsulfuration pathway and commits the toxic metabolite, homocysteine, to the synthesis of cysteine. Mutations in CBS are the most common cause of severe hereditary hyperhomocysteinemia. The molecular basis of the organ-specific pathologies associated with CBS deficiency is unknown as is the significance of the reported interaction between CBS and Huntingtin protein. In this study, we have used the yeast two-hybrid approach to screen for proteins that interact with CBS and have identified several components of the sumoylation pathway including Ubc9, PIAS1, PIAS3, Pc2, and RanBPM. We demonstrate that CBS is modified by the small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 protein (SUMO-I) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Deletion analysis of CBS indicates that the C-terminal regulatory domain is required for interaction with proteins in the sumoylation machinery. Sumoylated CBS is present in the nucleus where it is associated with the n...
Activated TCRs remain marked for internalization after dissociation from pMHC.

To assess the roles of serial engagement and kinetic proofreading in T cell receptor (TCR) internalization, we have developed a mathematical model of this process. Our determination of TCR down-regulation for an array of TCR mutants, interpreted in the context of the model, has provided new information about peptide-induced TCR internalization. The amount of TCR down-regulation increases to a maximum value and then declines as a function of the half-life of the bond between the TCR and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). The model shows that this behavior, which reflects competition between serial engagement and kinetic proofreading, arises only if it is postulated that activated TCRs remain marked for internalization after dissociation from pMHC. The model also predicts that because of kinetic proofreading, the range of TCR-pMHC-binding half-lives required for T cell activation depends on the concentrations and localization of intracellular signaling molecules. We show here that kinetic proofreading provides an explanation for the different requirements for activation observed in naive and memory T cells.
Forest soil solutions: Acid/base chemistry and response to calcite treatment

Soil solution chemistry was investigated at a forested watershed draining into Woods Lake, N.Y. as part of the Experimental Watershed Liming Study (EWLS). The objective of this study was to assess the response of soil water to watershed treatment of calcite (CaCO3). This material was applied in an effort to mitigate the effects of acidic atmospheric deposition. Soil solutions draining Oa and Bs horizons in reference subcatchments were characterized by low pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) due to elevated concentrations of SO4 2- , NO3 - and organic anions relative to the sum of base cation (CB: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) concentrations. Seasonal and spatial variation of pH and ANC in soil solutions appeared to be largely controlled by variations in the concentrations of dissolved organic acids which, in turn, were regulated by reactions of Al with soil organic matter. Nitrate was positively correlated and SO4 2- was negatively correlated with Ca2+ and Al concentrations in reference soil solutions, indicating that changes in NO3 - influences spatial and seasonal variations in Ca2+ and Al concentrations. On this basis, NO3 - appears to be important in soil acidification and the dynamics of drainage water acidity. Comparison of our results with historical data for the site showed declines in concentrations of SO4 2- , which are consistent with decreases in emissions of SO2 in the eastern U.S. and atmospheric deposition of SO4 2- to the Adirondack region. Mineral soil solutions have shown large increases in concentrations of NO3 -. Declines in concentrations of CB and increases in concentrations of Al have occurred over the last ten years, suggesting depletion of soil pools of exchangeable basic cations and increased sensitivity to acidic deposition. Calcite (CaCO3) treatment of 6.89 Mg/ha resulted in a significant increase of Ca2+, ANC and pH in both Oa and Bs horizon soil solutions. Soil water response to CaC03 addition was most evident during the first year after treatment, apparently due to macropore transport of particulate and dissolved CaCO3. However, increases in ANC and pH in the mineral soil waters were not sustained and appeared insufficient to result in substantial improvement in surface water quality over the 43 month study period.
ALTERNATIVE LOW ENERGY SUPERSYMMETRY

Models of low energy supersymmetry require some additional symmetry beyond the known gauge symmetries. The usual preference for R parity, which leads to the standard low energy supersymmetry model, has no clear theoretical motivation. The alternative models with minimal field content are reviewed. In one case R parity is spontaneously broken by a large sneutrino vev. In three other cases R parity is replaced by an alternative symmetry; baryon number, lepton number or ZN.
Characteristics of Oil and Skim in Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Soybeans

The economic viability of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of soybeans depends on properties and potential applications of all fractions (skim and insolubles as well as oil). EAEP oil contained lower free fatty acid, phosphorus, and tocopherol contents, similar unsaponifiable matter levels, and higher degrees of oxidation (peroxide and p-anisidine values) than hexane-extracted oil. The phospholipid profile of EAEP fractions was mainly composed of phosphatidic acid, followed by phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Most of phospholipids were present in the skim, except for phosphatidic acid, which was the major phospholipid in the cream fraction. Skim and cream contained 55 and 3 % of the soluble carbohydrates in the original extruded flakes, respectively. Soluble carbohydrates of the skim were mainly composed of stachyose (5.8 ± 0.8 mg/mL) and sucrose (9.9 ± 0.8 mg/mL), which were hydrolyzed into glucose, galactose, and fructose after addition of α-galactosidase. Skim and cream peptides contained <20 kDa MW molecules. About 71 % of the skim peptides were <20 kDa MW, with 49 % being <1.35 kDa MW, 22 % being 17–1.35 kDa MW, and 29 % being 44–670 kDa MW. Skim protein and carbohydrate contents make this fraction suitable for replacing water in ethanol fermentations, thereby improving the fermentation rate/production and the nutritional quality of distiller’s dried grains with solubles.
A Comparison of Near Infrared Spectra of the Galactic Center He I Emission Line Sources and Early Type Mass Losing Stars

We have obtained R ≈ 570 resolution K band spectra of eight sources in the Galactic Center, including four sources within the IRS 16 cluster, IRS 13, IRS 1W, and the compact He I emission line sources AF (also known as AHH) and AHH NW. We have also obtained R ≈ 570 H and K band spectra of nine galactic and LMC early-type mass-losing stars, including Ofpe/WN9 and WN stars. The spectra of both the Galactic Center sources and the comparison stars show a wide range of behavior in the He I (1.70 μm, 2.06 μm, 2.11 ym) and H I (Brackett series) lines. We find significantly larger He I equivalent widths in the AF source and two galactic early type mass losing stars than in any of the LMC stars. Several of the Galactic Center He I sources are found to have higher He I velocity widths than any of the galactic or LMC early type mass losing stars. At least one source, IRS 13, shows a strong red wing to the He I 2.06 μm emission.
Sexual risk behaviors and psychosocial health concerns of female-to-male transgender men screening for STDs at an urban community health center

The sexual health of female-to-male (FTM) transgender men remains understudied. De-identified electronic medical records of 23 FTMs (mean age = 32, 48% racial/ethnic minority) who screened for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) between July and December 2007 at a Boston, Massachusetts area health center were analyzed. Almost half (48%) were on testosterone and 39% had undergone chest surgery; none had undergone genital reconstruction. The majority (57%) were bisexual, and 30% reported sex with nontransgender males only in the prior three months. One individual was HIV-infected (4.3%) and two (8.7%) had a history of STDs (all laboratory-confirmed). Overall, 26% engaged in sexual risk behavior in the prior three months (i.e., unprotected sex with a nontransgender male, condom breakage, or anonymous sex). The majority (61%) had a DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) diagnosis (52% depression, 52% anxiety, and 26% adjustment disorder), and regular alcohol use was common (65%). Alcohol use, psychosocial distress histories, and sex with males only (versus with males and females) were associated with sexual risk in the past three months. Transgender men have concomitant psychosocial health vulnerabilities which may contribute to sexual risk behaviors. Future research is needed to understand the myriad social, behavioral, and biological factors that contribute to HIV and STD vulnerability for FTMs.
Studies in Death Attitudes: Part Two

The present note reports the results of three studies on death attitudes. (1) Lester (1967) reported that Ss with more inconsistent attitudes toward death had a higher fear of death than Ss with less inconsistent attitudes toward death. Seventeen tests of this conclusion were made with the data from 10 samples of Ss. Of the 17 correlation coefficients, 2 were significant in the predicted direction; the remaining 15 were not significant; 11 of the coefficients were positive and 6 were negative (binomial p = 0.17). It may be concluded that the association reported by Lester (1967) is a valid result but that the association is quite weak. (2) It has been reported that males have less fear of death than females on general measures of the fear of death. The present study examined sex differences in death anxiety using measures of specific fears. Forty-six Ss in a psychology course were given the Collett-Lester fear of death scale (Collett & Lester, 1967) and rated the concept of death on the semantic differential scales. The age range of Ss was 17 to 50 yr., with a median of 2295 yr. Age was not correlated with fears of death. Females had a significantly greater feat of death of self, death of others, and dying of self than did males but did not differ in fear of dying of others, general fear of deach, inconsistency in death attitudes, and semantic differential ratings of the concept of death. These data suggest that the greater fear of death of females may not be general but rather found only in specific areas of concern. (3) An examination was made of the utility of semantic differential ratings of the concept of death as a measure of death attitudes. It was found that the evaluative ratings of the concept of death were significantly related to measures of the fear of death. Activity and potency ratings were not so related. The semantic distance between the ratings of the concepts of life and of death was not related to measures of death anxiety from standard scales. These data suggest that the evaluative measures from semantic differential ratings of the concept of death may tap the fear of death of Ss. Other measures (activity and potency ratiags and the semantic distance measure) are not associated with the measures of the fear of death. Thus, they may be tapping a very different dimension of death amtudes. What this dimension may be cannot be answered until validity studies are performed.
Needs for fundamental atomic reference data and data distribution: fundamental analytical spectroscopy—response to a questionnaire

Abstract This paper presents a survey of the needs for fundamental data of analytical spectroscopists with special reference to basic research (plasma diagnostics). Differences in needs between analytical spectroscopists and other atomic spectroscopists are pointed out. Inadequacy of Ar and Fe transition probability data for analytical needs and lack of adequate tabulations of collision cross-sections are noted. Issues concerning access to data are also discussed.
A FORTRAN program for the optimization of radiotherapy treatment planning using the complication probability factor (CPF).

Abstract The complication probability factor (CPF) is an objective function, based directly on radiobiological principles and clinical data, for the optimization of radiotherapy treatment planning; it measures the likelihood that a given radiation dose distribution will lead to serious complications in the patients as a result of damage to healthy tissue. A computerized search can be made for that treatment plan which delivers an acceptable tumoricidal dose, yet minimizes the CPF as averaged over the total volume of healthy tissue irradiated. The CPF FORTRAN program, run on a PDP 11/55 in conjunction with a commercially available radiotherapy treatment planning package, is described in detail.
Microarray Analysis of Rat Sensory Ganglia after Local Inflammation Implicates Novel Cytokines in Pain

Inflammation plays a role in neuropathic pain conditions as well as in pain induced solely by an inflammatory stimulus. Robust mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia can be induced by locally inflaming the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rat. This model allows investigation of the contribution of inflammation per se to chronic pain conditions. Most previous microarray studies of DRG gene expression have investigated neuropathic pain models. To examine the role of inflammation, we used microarray methods to examine gene expression 3 days after local inflammation of the L5 DRG in rat. We observed significant regulation in a large number of genes (23% of observed transcripts), and examined 221 (3%) with a fold-change of 1.5-fold or more in more detail. Immune-related genes were the largest category in this group and included members of the complement system as well as several pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, these upregulated cytokines had no prior links to peripheral pain in the literature other than through microarray studies, though most had previously described roles in CNS (especially neuroinflammatory conditions) as well as in immune responses. To confirm an association to pain, qPCR studies examined these cytokines at a later time (day 14), as well as in two different versions of the spinal nerve ligation pain model including a version without any foreign immunogenic material (suture). Cxcl11, Cxcl13, and Cxcl14 were found to be significantly upregulated in all these conditions, while Cxcl9, Cxcl10, and Cxcl16 were upregulated in at least two of these conditions.
Cytoplasmic Metadherin (MTDH) Provides Survival Advantage under Conditions of Stress by Acting as RNA-binding Protein

Overexpression of metadherin (MTDH) has been documented in many solid tumors and is implicated in metastasis and chemoresistance. MTDH has been detected at the plasma membrane as well as in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the function of MTDH in these locales remains under investigation. In the nucleus, MTDH acts as a transcription co-factor to induce expression of chemoresistance-associated genes. However, MTDH is predominantly cytoplasmic in prostate tumors, and this localization correlates with poor prognosis. Herein, we used endometrial cancer cells as a model system to define a new role for MTDH in the cytoplasm. First, MTDH was primarily localized to the cytoplasm in endometrial cancer cells, and the N-terminal region of MTDH was required to maintain cytoplasmic localization. Next, we identified novel binding partners for cytoplasmic MTDH, including RNA-binding proteins and components of the RNA-induced silencing complex. Nucleic acids were required for the association of MTDH with these cytoplasmic proteins. Furthermore, MTDH interacted with and regulated protein expression of multiple mRNAs, such as PDCD10 and KDM6A. Depletion of cytoplasmic MTDH was associated with increased stress granule formation, reduced survival in response to chemotherapy and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor BIBF1120, Rad51 nuclear accumulation, and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Finally, in vivo tumor formation was abrogated with knockdown of cytoplasmic MTDH. Taken together, our data identify a novel function for cytoplasmic MTDH as an RNA-binding protein. Our findings implicate cytoplasmic MTDH in cell survival and broad drug resistance via association with RNA and RNA-binding proteins.
The Logic of Terrorist Target Choice: An Examination of Chechen Rebel Bombings from 1997–2003

The current article seeks to add to the quantitative approach to understanding terrorism by examining the logic underlying terrorist choice of targets and timing within the context of the Chechen–Russian conflict. Using data on Chechen rebel bombings in Chechnya and Russia from 1997–2003, the analysis revealed support for a logic underlying terrorist choice of targets. The results indicated that civilian targets were more likely to be targeted in Russia than in Chechnya, illustrating the importance of examining contextual effects within quantitative approaches to terrorism. The results also implicated an affect of weather and urbanization. Implications of the results and future directions for research are discussed.
CRACK IDENTIFICATION IN A CANTILEVER BEAM FROM MODAL RESPONSE

A damage detection and assessment algorithm is developed based on system identification using a finite element model and the measured modal response of a structure. The measurements are assumed to be sparse and polluted with noise. A change in an element constitutive property from a baseline value is taken as indicative of damage. An adaptive parameter grouping updating scheme is proposed to localize the damage zones in the structure and a Monte Carlo method is used with a data perturbation scheme to provide a statistical basis for assessing damage. Damage indices computed from the Monte Carlo sample of data perturbations are used to assess damage. The threshold values, which distinguish damage from measurement noise, are established through Monte Carlo simulation on the baseline structure. The proposed algorithm is applied to the problem of locating a crack in a cantilever beam. A Bernoulli-Euler beam model and a plane stress model are employed to illustrate the use of the method and compare the efficacy of the two models for crack detection.
Systems mediating acute glucocorticoid effects on memory consolidation and retrieval.

It is well established that glucocorticoid hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex after a stressful event, influence cognitive performance. This article reviews recent findings from this laboratory on the acute effects of glucocorticoids in rats on specific memory phases, i.e., memory consolidation and memory retrieval. Posttraining activation of glucocorticoid-sensitive pathways involving glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) enhances memory consolidation in a dose-dependent manner. Glucocorticoid influences on memory consolidation depend on noradrenergic activation of the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) and interactions of the BLA with other brain regions. By contrast, memory retrieval processes are usually impaired with high circulating levels of glucocorticoids or following infusions of GR agonists into the hippocampus. Although the BLA does not appear to be a site of glucocorticoid action in influencing memory retrieval, an intact BLA is required for enabling glucocorticoid effects on memory retrieval. The BLA appears to be a key structure in a memory-modulatory system that regulates, in concert with other brain regions, stress and glucocorticoid effects on both memory consolidation and memory retrieval.
Strain recovery of polyester and nylon 66 monofilaments under various temperature histories

Strain recovery of polyester and nylon 66 monofilaments, following stress relaxation at constant strain, has been measured under two types of temperature history. In the first (experiments here called type A), the monofilament, extended at an elevated temperature, was held at constant strain at that temperature, and then air-quenched to room temperature while still under stress. The stress was later removed with the fiber at ambient temperature, and the recovery from strain determined. In the second (experiments of type B), the monofilament was also extended at an elevated temperature, but it was then allowed to recover, under zero load, at the same temperature, prior to quenching. A cylindrical heater is described which surrounded the fiber specimen and which could be removed suddenly to permit rapid air quenching of the specimen. Recovery was characterized by the percent of applied strain which was recovered 100 sec after load removal. The percent recovery, in type A experiments, decreased to low values with increasing stretch temperature. Recovery in type B experiments, however, was markedly different, and showed a minimum value at stretch temperatures in the vicinity of the glass transition. At higher temperatures, recovery was high, but it decreased rapidly as TM was approached due to the onset of viscous flow. There was thus a discontinuity in recovery behavior as the time of quenching increased through the time of unloading (transition between type A and type B conditions). The results were interpreted to show that the achievement of good heat setting (poor recovery) is critically dependent on the temperature of the fiber during both stretching and recovery periods.
Mobilizing the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit: The Role of Early Tracheotomy

A large number of studies have evaluated the benefits of early tracheotomy. Heterogeneity in the various studies reviewed in this article is apparent, with early tracheotomy ranging from one to several days, and benefits regarding incidence of pneumonia and mortality are variable. An additional factor likely contributing to the differing results relates to the varied patient populations in the individual studies, which ranged from burn patients to medical ICU patients to trauma patients and head trauma patients. A close look at the studies with the least confounding variables suggests that early tracheotomy has some merit. Most studies suggest that time in the ICU, on mechanical ventilation, and in the hospital is reduced.
Electrical and mechanical properties of electrically conductive polyethersulfone composites

Electrically conductive polyethersulphone (pes) composites containing carbon fibres, nickel fibres, stainless steel fibres or aluminium flakes at various volume fractions up to 40% were fabricated and tested. For electromagnetic interference (emi) shielding effectiveness > 50 dB, the minimum filler volume fraction was 40% for carbon fibres of length 200 or 400 μm, 20% for nickel or stainless steel fibres, and 30% for aluminium flakes. The tensile strength first increased and then decreased with increasing filler content, such that the highest tensile strength occurred at 30 volume% (vol%) for carbon fibres (of length 200 or 400 μm) as the filler and at 10 vol% for nickel or stainless steel fibres. However, for carbon fibres (of length 100 μm) and aluminium flakes, the tensile strength increases up to at least 40 vol%. The best overall performance was provided by aluminium flakes at 40 vol%; the resistivity was 7 × 10−5 Ω cm, the emi shielding effectiveness was > 50 dB and tensile strength was 67 MPa. The resistivity of the aluminium flake composites was not affected by heating in air at 140°C for up to at least 144 h.
A data processing communication skills course

To be a successful business data processing professional, one should possess effective written and oral communication skills; therefore, any program which prepares computing students for the business world should effectively train them in this area. Of the programs that attempt to handle this situation, most merely require their students to take several English/communication courses. From experience, this method is less effective than additionally reinforcing the students' communication skills within the entire range of the computing curriculum. This paper presents a methodology for accomplishing the task of implementing writing into an introductory data processing course.
Defective bactericidal activity in myeloperoxidase-deficient human neutrophils.

NORMAL human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes (PMN) contain an abundance of myeloperoxidase, a lysosomal enzyme estimated to constitute between 2 and 5 per cent of the dry weight of the leucocytes1,2. Although the enzyme has been purified and characterized, its contribution to the cellular economy has not been clearly defined. Recent investigations have suggested it participates in bactericidal processes3,4.
Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes: A Bibliography Of Published Literature

This bibliography, numbering about 410 items, is intended to be as complete as practicable for work published in journals and conference proceedings, technical reports, dissertations, or other forms that are readily available to the public. All entries relate directly to actual fiber-optic gyros and rotation sensing, and include theory, analysis, experiments, and engineering development. Work in supporting technologies, such as fiber, light sources, and components is not included unless directed specifically to gyro issues. A few non-gyro items are included, which address fundamental effects that are important to gyro operation or that may limit performance. Patents are not included. The bibliography was accumulated with little effort over a period of several years using a personal computer. Latest additions were made late August 1986. The bibliography should serve as a useful reference tool for all workers. And, excepting a significant amount of yet unpublished corporate work, it provides an excellent historical overview in keeping with the theme of this conference.
S100○+ cell response to squamous cell carcinoma of the lip : inverse correlation with metastasis

Previous work has suggested a key role of dendritic cells in antineoplastic immunity. The course of mycosis fungoides and cancers of the lung, colon, thyroid and stomach has been associated with dendritic cell response to the primary tumor. However, this has not been reported for cutaneous or mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Thirty-six cases of primary SCC of the lip mucosa or vermillion border, including nine cases with regional metastasis, were studied to investigate the relationship of dendritic cell density with age, tumor grade, mitotic rate, diameter, ulceration, depth of invasion, muscle invasion, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and metastasis. Dendritic cells were identified using S100 immunohistochemistry, and their peritumor and intratumor density (peri-S100D and intra-S100D) were determined. The mean peri-S100D was 314 +/- 50/mm2. High peri-S100D was associated with lower rate of metastasis (P = 0.03), and no case with peri-S100D > 311/mm2 metastasized. Peri-S100D inversely correlated with depth of invasion (P = 0.04) and ulceration (P = 0.02), and positively associated with TILs (P = 0.02). The mean intra-S100D was 317 +/- 42/mm2. Intra-S100D did not quantitatively correlate with metastasis; however, no metastasis occurred when intra-S100D exceeded 515/mm2. Intra-S100D correlated with brisk TILs (P = 0.04). These results suggest a functional role of dendritic cells in the immune response to SCC. Peri-S100D may be a prognostic indicator.