cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression level of a pancreatic neo-antigen in beta cells determines degree of diabetes pathogenesis.

Abstract It is not fully understood how the expression level of autoantigens in beta cells impacts autoimmune diabetes (T1D) development. Earlier studies using ovalbumin and also insulin had shown that secreted antigens could enhance diabetes development through facilitated presentation by antigen presenting cells. Here we sought to determine how the expression level of a membrane bound, non-secreted or cross-presented neo-antigen, the glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), would influence T1D. We found that an RIP-LCMV transgenic mouse line exhibiting higher levels of beta cell GP expression developed more severe diabetes after LCMV infection or transfer of high numbers of activated autoreactive T cells. Importantly, all beta cells were lost and a significant increase in morbidity and mortality from T1D was noted. Insulitis and accumulation of autoaggressive CD8 cells was more profound in the RIP-LCMV-GP high-expressor line. Interestingly, the additional introduction of neo-antigen-specific CD4+ helper or regulatory T cells was able to influence diabetogenesis positively or negatively. We conclude that a higher degree of autoantigen expression results in increased diabetes susceptibility. Therefore, autoantigens such as insulin that are expressed at higher levels in beta cells might have a more profound impact on diabetes pathogenesis.
Empirical equations of ice crystal growth microphysics for modeling and analysis. II. Fall velocity

Abstract The aerodynamic behavior of ice crystals growing under cloud conditions was theoretically analyzed, and on the basis of this analysis, a time-dependent expression that reasonably fit several experimental data of crystal fall velocity was obtained. To make the expression applicable to outside of the original ranges of the experimental data, further empirical relationships between the Reynolds number and the Best number as well as the correction factor for shape variation were developed.
Continuous-wave Infrared Subsurface Optical Stimulation of the Rat Prostate Cavernous Nerves Using a 1490-nm Diode Laser

Objective To optimize the infrared laser wavelength and optical nerve stimulation (ONS) parameters for both deep and rapid subsurface cavernous nerve (CN) stimulation in a rat model, in vivo. Materials and Methods A 150-mW, 1490-nm diode laser providing an optical penetration depth (OPD) of 518 μm in water was operated in continuous-wave mode during stimulation of the CNs in 8 rats for 15 seconds irradiation time through a custom-built, single-mode fiber optic probe capable of producing a collimated, 1-mm diameter laser beam. Successful ONS was judged by an intracavernous pressure response in the rat penis. Subsurface ONS at 1490 nm was also compared with previous studies using 1455 nm and 1550 nm near-infrared diode laser wavelengths. Results Subsurface ONS of the rat CN was successful through fascia layers with a thickness up to 380 μm using an incident laser power of ∼50 mW. Intracavernous pressure response times as short as 4.6 ± 0.2 seconds were recorded using higher laser powers below the nerve damage threshold. Conclusion The 1490-nm diode laser represents a compact, low cost, high power, and high quality infrared light source for use in ONS. This wavelength provides deeper penetration than 1455-nm diode laser and more rapid and efficient nerve stimulation than 1550-nm diode laser.
Population difference thermometry: quadrupolar splitting of NMR lines of MnSb

Abstract We report the results of a study to use the intensity ratios of the multiplet spectra of the quadrupolar-perturbed ferromagnetic resonance absorption in MnSb as a reliable first principles, self-calibrating, ultra-low temperature thermometer. The method proposed is very general and is applicable to a variety of magnetic resonances with multiplet spectra for which the intensities of the absorption depend on the thermal population of the nuclear Zeeman levels.
Norteamericanismo y pragmatismo

Existe una especial relacion entre los planteamientos del pragmatismo clasico -James Dewey- y una conciencia de norteamericanismo pues esta persigue una forma de justificacion basada solo en el futuro y aquellos apuntan a una critica de la filosofia clasica europea que se desarrollo en terminos de atemporalidad y de justificacion del pasado. De manera paralela, en el neopragmatismo, la justificacion de las creencias - siempre ligada a publicos determinados - se opone a toda nocion trascendental o transtemporal de verdad. La inviabilidad de tal nocion conecta con la justificacion, siempre contingente y contextual, encaminada al futuro y expresa un especial norteamericanismo
An Arabic dictionary of technical alchemical terms: MS Sprenger 1908 of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (fols. 3r-6r)

The Arabic MS Sprenger 1908 (Staatsbibliothek, Berlin) is a handbook of medieval alchemy. Among the works it preserves, we can find the only extant witness to the Arabic original of the well-known Liber de aluminibus et salibus. In this paper, I focus on a detailed alchemical dictionary preserved in this manuscript (fols. 3r-6r) whose explicit aim is to clarify the meaning of the secret language used by the alchemists to conceal the names of substances and operations. Other versions of the same alchemical lexicon are found in Syriac and karsuni in MSS Oriental 1593 and Egerton 709, both preserved in the British Library. After describing these manuscripts, I analyse the contents of this dictionary, its structure, its different versions, and the features of the alchemical language that it attests to, providing some examples to show how this kind of dictionary is still a useful tool for the contemporary researcher.
Stability of stratified shear flows

The concept of stability is discussed and results of the linear inviscid theory are reviewed. Examples are given to illustrate the point that ‘stable stratification’ can, in some circumstances, be destabilizing due to the vorticity generated by non-homogeneity. The linear initial value problem is discussed and related to the more usual normal mode approach. Finally, the weakly non-linear theory and the non-linear critical layer theory are outlined.
Intentional coverage of the celiac artery during thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Intentional coverage of the celiac artery (CA) can extend the distal landing zone necessary for thoracic endovascular aortic repair. A comprehensive review identified 93 cases in 17 reports describing this technique. The majority (87%) were elective procedures. Prior to endograft deployment, 21 patients underwent CA embolization. Of the remaining, three developed type II endoleaks from the CA requiring treatment. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was stented in 18 patients during the operative procedure, with one patient undergoing delayed stent placement. There were five iliac artery injuries but no other intraoperative complications. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.7% with three cases attributed to foregut ischemia. Overall, this procedure is technically safe but is associated with a significant risk of death and morbidity. Furthermore, durability is unclear as long-term data are lacking. Careful patient selection, preoperative determination of adequate CA-SMA collaterals, and demonstration of postprocedure SMA patency are all mandatory components of this procedure. However, the development of foregut ischemia cannot be reliably predicted, and patients should be monitored closely for this unique postoperative complication.
Temperature and host effects on key morphological characters of Hemisarcoptes cooremani and Hemisarcoptes malus (Acari: Hemisarcoptidae)

We investigated the influence of temperature and resources on six morphological characters thought to distinguish two North American species of Hemisarcoptes (H. malus and H. cooremani). We raised mites at three temperatures (15, 24 or 30°C) and on two different scale insect prey (Aspidiotus nerii or Aonidiella aurantii) which were cultured on two different substrates (potato tubers and lemon fruit). In general, the temperature had more of an influence on the character variation than did the host and the highest temperature resulted in the smallest mean body size. The two species did not respond to changes in the temperature or host in a symmetrical fashion. The temperature significantly influenced the lengths of the external scapular setae (sce) of H. malus and the sce and first coxal setae (1a) of H. cooremani. The relative lengths of the setae sce and 1a of H. cooremani were significantly influenced by the temperature, while the host type significantly influenced the paraproctal setae (ps2). Major-axis regressions indicated that H. cooremani had an absolutely longer mean setal length for 1a and for ps2, than H. malus, but a relatively shorter sce. An ANOVA of the size-adjusted shield characters of H. malus resulted in non-significant effects of the temperature or host on either the prodorsal shield area or and area in H. cooremani. Regressions of the shield area (size) on body length, resulted in two clear groupings by species. Hemisarcoptes cooremani had an absolutely larger shield area and increased circumference (complexity), as compared to H. malus. A plot of the shield circumference in relation to the shield area, however, resulted in a single trajectory, indicating that shield complexity is an allometric consequence of an increase in body size in both species. Though characters can be influenced significantly by environmental parameters, the species-specific patterns of some characters of North American Hemisarcoptes are distinctive enough to allow diagnosis and identification.
Production of “Sulphation Factor” by the Perfused Liver

LONGITUDINAL growth of the mammalian skeleton occurs at the epiphyseal plate where chondrocytes proliferate and synthesize a matrix composed of collagen and a group of sulphated polysaccharides. In spite of the well known requirement for growth hormone to sustain longitudinal skeletal growth, a direct effect of the hormone on cartilage metabolism has not been demonstrated. The incorporation of sulphate into the organic matrix of cartilage is stimulated by a component of normal serum which is not growth hormone. This factor is absent in the serum of hypophysectomized animals, including man, but is restored by the administration of growth hormone. In addition to the stimulation of sulphate incorporation into polysaccharide, collagen synthesis and cell replication are also enhanced. Because the original assay for this component involved measurement of the incorporation of radioactive sulphate into the cartilage of hypophysectomized rats, the term “sulphation factor” was proposed by Salmon and Daughaday1. The source of this factor as well as its composition have been unknown.
What Is a Balanced Program

“Balance” has become the watchword of psychiatry programs. It seems that almost all residency training programs claim to be balanced. But what do we mean by this term? This article summarizes the author’s evolving thinking about what makes for a balanced program and suggests that diversity may be a better term. The author advocates that balance is not as simple as teaching both psychodynamics and biological psychiatry. Instead, it entails a considered, intellectual approach that involves long-term vs. other psychotherapies, neuro-science vs. psychopharmacology, theoretical pharmacology vs. practical pharmacology, social psychiatry vs. treating minority patients, representing all viewpoints in psychiatry vs. integrating them.
Gravitinos on the lattice

Abstract We study spin 3 2 fields on the lattice. Species doubling is found to be totally curable with an analogue of Wilson's method and partially with an analogue of the Kogut-Susskind formalism. Only the latter preserves local supersymmetry but describes at least four species.
Preferred dipole orientation in ion-polar molecule reactions

Abstract Relative cross sections for proton and hydrogen atom transfer in specifically deuterated methanol-acetaldehyde mixtures were obtained using the ratio plot method. Atom transfer from the functional groups is preferred, while proton transfer appears dependent on energetics.
The interaction of encoding and rehearsal processes in the recall of repeated and nonrepeated items

Experiments were designed to clarify the influence of level of processing on the recall of once-presented items and to determine whether spacing effects for repeated items result from differential processing of the second presentation. In a modified Brown-Peterson paradigm, the lengths of distractor-filled spacing and retention intervals were varied, and subjects were cued to rehearse each presentation of five-word pentads in either a primary (rote) or secondary (elaborative) fashion. Type of rehearsal had large and systematic effects, but the pattern of spacing effects was inconsistent with that predicted by a processing interpretation. An alternative theory, in which type of processing is assumed to interact with encoding variability, seems consistent with the results.
Comparing and Combining List and Endorsement Experiments: Evidence from Afghanistan

may improve the validity of measurements by reducing nonresponse and social desirability biases. We develop a statistical test and multivariate regression models for comparing and combining the results from list and endorsement experiments. We demonstrate that when carefully designed and analyzed, the two survey experiments can produce substantively similar empirical findings. Such agreement is shown to be possible even when these experiments are applied to one of the most challenging research environments: contemporary Afghanistan. We find that both experiments uncover similar patterns of support for the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) among Pashtun respondents. Our findings suggest that multiple measurement strategies can enhance the credibility of empirical conclusions. Open-source software is available for implementing the proposed methods.
A Test Rig for the Identification of Rotordynamic Coefficients of Fluid Film Bearing Elements

A test rig and measurement procedure to identify the rotordynamic coefficients of generic fluid film bearing elements are described. The test apparatus allows the exchange of test articles without modifications to the basic design of the machine. The maximum operating speed of the rig is 9,000 rpm, with static loads to 4,450 N (1,000 lb) and available fluid supply pressures to 689 kPa (100 psi). Impact load excitations in two orthogonal directions bring the test bearing into dynamic motion, and a data acquisition and computer system record the dynamic response at a frequency of 12,000 samples per second.Test bearing elements undergo multiple forced dynamic tests, and the corresponding time responses are transformed into the frequency domain and averaged. Bearing stiffness, damping, and inertia force coefficients are then identified from an impedance matrix in the frequency domain. Dynamic tests for an open ends squeeze film damper at various journal center static (offset) positions are presented for three levels of impact loads. In general, the identified damping coefficients correlate well with theoretical predictions.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
An error-tolerant type system for variational lambda calculus

Conditional compilation and software product line technologies make it possible to generate a huge number of different programs from a single software project. Typing each of these programs individually is usually impossible due to the sheer number of possible variants. Our previous work has addressed this problem with a type system for variational lambda calculus (VLC), an extension of lambda calculus with basic constructs for introducing and organizing variation. Although our type inference algorithm is more efficient than the brute-force strategy of inferring the types of each variant individually, it is less robust since type inference will fail for the entire variational expression if any one variant contains a type error. In this work, we extend our type system to operate on VLC expressions containing type errors. This extension directly supports locating ill-typed variants and the incremental development of variational programs. It also has many subtle implications for the unification of variational types. We show that our extended type system possesses a principal typing property and that the underlying unification problem is unitary. Our unification algorithm computes partial unifiers that lead to result types that (1) contain errors in as few variants as possible and (2) are most general. Finally, we perform an empirical evaluation to determine the overhead of this extension compared to our previous work, to demonstrate the improvements over the brute-force approach, and to explore the effects of various error distributions on the inference process.
Residents' preferences for involvement in tourism development and influences from individual profiles.

Community involvement in tourism development is a subject that has attracted the attention of tourism researchers largely due to the potentially unfair power distribution between residents and powerful interest groups. This attention, however, has not produced significant literature regarding the possibly varied levels of involvement in tourism planning and development preferred by different residents. The present study addresses that lack of information by exploring the range of residents' preferred involvement approaches based on their demographic and perceptual profiles. Study findings should help all residents with different involvement needs being fairly represented in community engagement. Extending Tosun's typology of community involvement with new content about involvement scope, this study identifies four types of involvement preferences: (1) involving all residents in decision-making; (2) involving some residents in decision-making; (3) excluding residents from decision-making; and (4) excluding...
A Perturbation-Based Method for Extracting Elastic Properties during Spherical Indentation of an Elastic Film/Substrate Bilayer

Accurate mechanical property measurement of films on substrates by instrumented indentation requires a solution describing the effective modulus of the film/substrate system. Here, a first-order elastic perturbation solution for spherical punch indentation on a film/substrate system is presented. Finite element method (FEM) simulations were conducted for comparison with the analytic solution. FEM results indicate that the new solution is valid for a practical range of modulus mismatch, especially for a stiff film on a compliant substrate.
An efficient algorithm for bilinear transformation of multivariable polynomials

An algorithm for bilinear-transforming multivariable polynomials is presented. It is similar to but simpler and computationally more efficient than existing algorithms.
Suicidal ideation, friendships with delinquents, social and parental connectedness, and differential associations by sex: findings among high-risk pre/early adolescent population.

Background: The association between suicidal ideation, friendships with delinquents, and social/parental connectedness among pre/early adolescents who reside in high-risk communities is poorly understood. Aims: This study examined among high-risk youths: (1) the association between suicidal ideation and having delinquent friends, school connectedness, social support, and different parenting styles (i.e., caring only, supervision only, caring with supervision); and, (2) the differential associations by sex. Methods: The associations were assessed among 2,598 pre/early adolescents using logistic regression. The analyses were adjusted for demographic, mental distress, illicit substance use, and peer/date violence victimization factors. The interaction terms determined differences by sex. Results: After adjusting for demographic factors and mental distress, suicidal ideation was positively associated with having delinquent friends; however, after factoring in illicit substance use and violence victimization, this association was negative for males. After adjusting for all factors, suicidal ideation was negatively associated with school connectedness and all parenting styles; however, the association between suicidal ideation and having parental caring with supervision was stronger for females. Conclusions: The results suggest the potential benefits of increasing school connectedness and improving parent-child interactions, particularly among females, and the potential benefits of vio- lence and substance-abuse prevention strategies for youths, particularly males, connected with delinquent peers.
Supercritical extraction of organic contaminants from soil combined with adsorption onto activated carbon

A novel process is proposed for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy molecular weight organic compounds. In this process, the organics are continuously extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide and then deposited on activated carbon. The feasibility of this process is investigated on a laboratory scale for remediation of soils contaminated with naphthalene, phenanthrene, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorophenol. The desorption profiles of the organics from soil and the adsorption isotherms of these organics on activated carbon were determined in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide using an experimental technique based on frontal analysis chromatography. The desorption profiles from soil indicated that the organics can be completely extracted from soil in a short time. The adsorption isotherms of the organics on carbon indicated that the adsorptive capacity of carbon was very high and approached monolayer coverage. An economic analysis using these results indicated that the proposed process is feasible for soils contaminated with low levels of these organics. 19 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.
A combinatorial auctions perspective on min-sum scheduling problems

In combinatorial auctions, prospective buyers bid on bundles of items for sale, including but not limited to singleton bundles. The bid price given by a buyer on a particular bundle reflects his/her perceived utility of the bundle of items as a whole. After collecting all the bids, the auctioneer determines the revenue-maximizing assignment of winning bidders to bundles subject to nonoverlapping of bundles. To accomplish this, the auctioneer needs to solve a winner determination problem (WDP). The exactly same way of thinking can be taken to the context of min-sum scheduling, where jobs can be viewed as bidders who bid on bundles of discrete time periods on machines. Particular problems often permit only a subset of bundles. By putting appropriate restrictions on the collection of permissible bundles, we can derive from the WDP, various integer programming (IP) formulations for nonpreemptive as well as preemptive min-sum scheduling problems. We thus obtain the well-known time-indexed IP formulation in the nonpreemptive case, and further, a new strong IP formulation in the preemptive case.
The vitamin D questions: How much do you need and how should you get it?

UV radiation is a well-documented human carcinogen, indisputably linked to the current continued increased rate of skin cancer. UV radiation is also responsible for cutaneous synthesis of vitamin (vit) D3, a substance that is then sequentially hydroxylated in the liver and kidney to yield 1,25(OH)2 vit D, a hormone critical for calcium homeostasis and skeletal maintenance. Because the UV action spectra for DNA damage leading to skin cancer and for vit D photosynthesis are virtually identical, the harmful and beneficial effects of UV irradiation are inseparable. This has given rise to the argument that sun avoidance, with a goal of skin cancer prevention, may compromise vit D sufficiency. Public interest in this matter has been heightened in recent years by multiple studies correlating the level of 25-OH vit D, the readily measurable "storage" precursor form of the vit, with a variety of benefits separate from skeletal health. Although the studies are of variable quality and all alleged treatment benefits are based on dietary supplementation with vit D, not on increased sun exposure, they have been interpreted by some as support for advocating increased sun exposure of the public at large. The goal of this review is to provide a detailed, balanced, and referenced discussion of the complex literature underlying the current popular interest in vit D and sun exposure for the purpose of increasing vit D photosynthesis. We review the nomenclature, metabolism, and established functions of vit D; the evidence supporting the less well-established but purported vit D effects; the concept of vit D insufficiency; populations at risk for vit D deficiency; and finally the risk/benefit of obtaining vit D from cutaneous photosynthesis versus diet or supplementation.
Quasi-linear Optical Pulses in Dispersion Managed Fibers: Propagation and Interaction

An analytical description of the evolution and interaction of quasi-linear optical pulses in strongly dispersion managed transmission systems is presented. Longscale pulse dynamics in dispersion-managed optical fibers is governed by a nonlinear nonlocal equation, referred to as the dispersion managed nonlinear Schrodinger (DMNLS) equation, which is obtained by employing an appropriate multiscale expansion of the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The role of nonlinearity in quasilinear pulse transmission is elucidated by asymptotic analysis of the DMNLS equation. In the framework of the DMNLS equation, quasi-linear pulse transmission, where nonlinearity is mitigated, can be viewed as degenerate limits of dispersion managed soliton transmission, where nonlinearity balances dispersion. The DMNLS equation also provides an analytical model that describes nonlinear intrachannel interactions between adjacent pulses in quasi-linear transmission, such as their energy exchange and frequency modulation.
Multi-Echo Segmented k-space Imaging: An Optimized Hybrid Sequence for Ultrafast Cardiac Imaging

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging requires high temporal resolution to resolve motion and contrast uptake with low total scan times to avoid breathing artifacts. While spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) imaging is robust and reproducible, it is relatively inefficient and requires long breath-holds to acquire high time resolution movies of the heart. Echo planar imaging (EPI) is highly efficient with excellent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) behavior; however, it is particularly difficult to use in the heart because of its sensitivity to chemical shift, susceptibility, and motion. EPI may also require reference scans, which are used to measure hardware delays and phase offsets that cause ghosting artifacts; these reference scans are more difficult and less reliable in the heart. Consequently, a hybrid EPI/SPGR sequence is proposed for application to rapid cardiac imaging. A detailed optimization of SNR and echo train length for multi-echo sequences is presented. It is shown that significant reductions in total scan time are possible while maintaining good image quality. This will allow complete motion sampling of the entire heart in one to three breath-holds, necessary for MR cardiac dobutamine stress testing. Improved speed performance also permits sampling of three to six slices every heartbeat for bolus injection perfusion studies.
Windows NT one-class masquerade detection

Previous research has mainly studied UNIX system command line users, while here we investigate Windows system users, utilizing real network data. This work primarily focuses on one-class support vector machine (SVM) masquerade detection. One-class training requires only the user's own legitimate sessions to build up the user's profile. The one-class approach offers significant ease of management of the roster of users, in that the addition of new users or deletion of legacy ones requires much smaller effort compared to the multiclass case. Two-class SVM study has also been carried out for the purpose of comparison. ROC scores have been computed to use to compare the performance in detecting different masqueraders. The two-class training achieves a 63% hit rate with a low false alarm rate (about 3.7%), comparable to the best UNIX system results. The results of one-class training show a detection rate of about 66.7% with a corresponding false alarm rate of about 22%. Even though the one-class training approach results in some sacrifice of performance for false alarms, the gains in ease of roster management and reduction in training needed may be more desirable in some practical environments.
Ethnographic Lessons: Researching Incest in Mexican Families

This article is a series of reflections on the methodological challenges and ethnographic complexities I have encountered while conducting research on the sexualized acts, interactions, and relationships (both voluntary and involuntary) within the family context in Mexican society. I examine how this journey has had a transformative effect on me as a researcher and a sociologist. In particular, I discuss the research surprises, methodological lessons, and epistemological insights that I experienced during this research process. I also comment on the paradigms and concepts that have helped me decipher and reconcile the tensions of occupying a position as both a researcher trying to maintain standards of conventional academic rigor and a witness to reports of sexualized pain.
Comparison of Changes in Growth Percentiles of US Children on CDC 2000 Growth Charts With Corresponding Changes on WHO 2006 Growth Charts

Longitudinal data with 37 964 length and weight measurements from 10 844 children who participated in the California Child Health and Development Study was used to compare the proportion of children aged ≤24 months who crossed major percentile lines on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 growth charts with the percentage who crossed corresponding lines on the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 growth charts. Percentage of children aged ≤24 months who crossed at least 2 major percentile lines for length-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-length according to CDC 2000 charts were compared with the percentage who did so according to WHO 2006 charts. The results from this analysis suggest that pediatricians who monitor children's growth on the basis of WHO 2006 growth charts may be more likely to refer children aged <6 months and less likely to refer those aged 6 to 12 months for further evaluation for failure to thrive.
Treatment decisions in a man with Hodgkin lymphoma and Guillian-Barré syndrome: a case report

Introduction: Guillain-Barre syndrome, or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, has been described in the presence of malignancies such as lymphoma. Guillain-Barre syndrome/acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy causes paresthesias and weakness, which can make the treatment of lymphoma with chemotherapy challenging. Given the rarity of this co-presentation it is not known if the effects of Guillain-Barre syndrome should be considered when selecting a treatment regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of these treatment modifications has not been previously reported. Case presentation: We report the case of a 37-year-old Caucasian man with a diagnosis of stage IIB classical Hodgkin lymphoma with concomitant Guillain-Barre syndrome. Our patient originally presented with an enlarged cervical lymph node and quickly developed distal paresthesia and progressive weakness of all four extremities. He was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and initiated on treatment with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. Doses of bleomycin and vinblastine were held or dose-reduced throughout his initial treatment course due to underlying neuropathy and dyspnea. He continued to have persistent disease after five cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine and went on to receive salvage treatments including more chemotherapy, radiation, autologous stem cell transplant and is currently preparing for an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Conclusions: Paraneoplastic syndromes such as Guillain-Barre syndrome/acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy can make the treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma more challenging and can interfere with delivering full-dose chemotherapy. Further case series are needed to evaluate the effect that paraneoplastic syndromes, or adjustments made in therapy due to these syndromes, negatively affect the prognosis of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.
An algorithmic technique for diagnosis of faulty scan chains

This paper presents an algorithmic scan-chain-fault diagnosis procedure. The diagnosis for a single scan-chain fault is performed in three steps. The first step uses special chain test patterns to determine both the faulty chain and the fault type in the faulty chain. The second step uses a novel procedure to identify the suspect scan cell within a range of scan cells. The final step further improves the diagnostic resolution by ranking the suspect scan cells inside this range. The proposed technique handles both stuck-at and timing failures (transition faults and hold-time faults). The application of the procedure in a production test flow is discussed. Simulation and silicon results from several products show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Eradication versus control: the economics of global infectious disease policies

A disease is controlled if, by means of a public policy, the circulation of an infectious agent is restricted below the level that would be sustained by individuals acting independently to control the disease. A disease is eliminated if it is controlled sufficiently to prevent an epidemic from occurring in a given geographical area. Control and elimination are achieved locally, but a disease can only be eradicated if it is eliminated everywhere. Eradication is plainly a more demanding goal, but it has two advantages over control. First, the economics of eradication can be very favourable when eradication not only reduces infections but also avoids the need for vaccinations in future. Indeed, when eradication is feasible, it will either pay to control it to a fairly low level or to eradicate it. This suggests that, from an economics perspective, diseases that are eliminated in high-income countries are prime candidates for future eradication efforts. Second, the incentives for countries to participate in an eradication initiative can be strong; indeed they can be even stronger than an international control programme. Moreover, high-income countries typically benefit so much that they will be willing to finance elimination in developing countries. Full financing of an eradication effort by nation-states is not always guaranteed, but it can be facilitated by a variety of means. Hence, from the perspective of economics and international relations, eradication has a number of advantages over control. The implications for smallpox and polio eradication programmes are discussed.
Frequency-load interaction of imperfect angle-ply cylindrical panelsunder compression and pressure

This paper deals with the influence of geometric imperfections on the linear vibration frequencies of thin, laminated angle-ply, simply supported antisymmetric cylindrical panels under axial compression and lateral pressure. It is found that the presence of small geometric imperfections of the order of a fraction of the shell thickness may significantly raise the fundamental frequencies and change the optimal fiber angle that maximizes the frequency. The interaction curves between frequency axial load and frequency-pressure are plotted for graphite-epoxy angle-ply cylindrical panels likely to be encountered in practice.
Implications of Clinical Trial Design on Sample Size Requirements

The primary goal in designing a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) is to minimize bias in the estimate of treatment effect. Randomized group assignment, double-blinded assessments, and control or comparison groups reduce the risk of bias. The design must also provide sufficient statistical power to detect a clinically meaningful treatment effect and maintain a nominal level of type I error. An attempt to integrate neurocognitive science into an RCT poses additional challenges. Two particularly relevant aspects of such a design often receive insufficient attention in an RCT. Multiple outcomes inflate type I error, and an unreliable assessment process introduces bias and reduces statistical power. Here we describe how both unreliability and multiple outcomes can increase the study costs and duration and reduce the feasibility of the study. The objective of this article is to consider strategies that overcome the problems of unreliability and multiplicity.
A GSM LNA using mutual-coupled degeneration

This letter presents a low noise amplifier (LNA) input impedance matching technique using mutual coupled inductors. This scheme not only provides the required input impedance matching but also interstage impedance transformation for the cascoded transistor. The mutual coupled inductors also help to improve the circuit's reverse isolation. A 900-MHz global system for mobile communication LNA using this technique is designed and fabricated using 0.35-/spl mu/m standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. It achieves a 17-dB gain, 3.4-dB noise figure, and -5.1-dBm IIP3. The LNA draws 5.6 mA from a single 2.3-V power supply.
Mild traumatic brain injury and delayed alteration of memory processing.

A brain traumatism may result from focal impact upon the head and/or sudden acceleration/deceleration kinetic forces applied to the brain within the rigid skull, or by a complex association of both. Approximately 500,000 to 3 million US cases occur per year. A major problem is that traumatic brain injury (TBI) classified as “mild” may not be reflected by lesions on conventional neuroimaging scans which appear “normal” albeit some mild TBI patients with “normal scans” may express long-term cognitive deficits (Irimia et al., 2012b). This raises overarching questions: would mild TBI result in cognitive deficits years later? How would memory consolidation and long-term potentiation then be affected? Monti et al. attempt to answer some of these questions in the article which appeared in Vol. 5 of Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (Monti et al., 2013) by studying the relational memory, i.e., the performance of acquiring and retaining memory to construct association of elements of a scene or events in patients having experienced TBI early in their lives. Relational memory impairment is one of the behavioral phenotypes of mild TBI following the selective damage of specific intrinsic connectivity networks, ICNs (Barbey et al., 2015). The interest of Monti's study is the determination of post-TBI disrupted networks by visualization of their connectivity which will ultimately serve as patient-personalized diagnostic tools (Irimia et al., 2012a).
Magnetotransport and Magnetocohesion in Nanowires

The behavior of the cohesive force and electronic conductance in nanowires, modeled by soft-wall confining potentials, under the influence of a magnetic field are studied. The appearance of force oscillations as a function of the magnetic field and their correlation with the correspond­ing characteristics of the electronic conductance are demonstrated. For materials with a strong Fermi surface anisotropy (e.g. bismuth), it is predicted that when the crystallographic axis associated with the largest diagonal element of the effective mass tensor is aligned along the di­rection of the wire the cohesive force increases dramatically (order of magnitude) compared to the case when that axis is perpendicular to the wire direction.
Mathematical Representation of an Urban Flood Plain

The computations of flood damages to an urban area have been formalized by using a mathematical model. The flood depth-damage relationship of a structure is written as the product of a unit damage function and an individual characteristic damage coefficient. The sum of such coefficients for all establishments within a small contour interval of the flood plain (the contour characteristic damage) denotes the damage susceptibility of that contour interval. The expected value and standard deviation of the present worth of a time series of damages can be expressed in terms of the current contour characteristic damages and a growth-discount factor that accounts for changes in the level of economic activity with time. A hypothetical example illustrates the application of these concepts to the determination of the optimal size of an upstream single-purpose flood control reservoir.
Predictors of Third Molar Impaction A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of third molar (M3) impaction worldwide in individuals ≥17 y, from either sex, who had undergone oral radiography and presented with no orofacial syndromes or defects. We performed a literature search using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar and retrieved English and non-English articles from any period for review. We included studies reporting M3 impaction prevalence based on radiographic examination. Risk of bias was assessed regarding individuals with craniofacial syndromes, prior extraction of permanent teeth, multiple effect size estimates, and studies conflating lack of eruption with impaction. Our search yielded 49 studies involving 83,484 individuals. Worldwide M3 impaction prevalence was found to be 24.40% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 18.97% to 30.80%). The odds of M3 impaction in the mandible were 57.58% (95% CI: 43.3% to 68.3%, P < 0.0001) higher than in the maxilla, but we did not detect any difference in the odds of impaction between men and women (18.62%, 95% CI: -4.9% to 48.0%, P = 0.12). Mesioangular impaction was most common (41.17%, 95% CI: 33.8% to 49.0%), followed by vertical (25.55%, 95% CI: 20.0% to 32.0%), distoangular (12.17%, 95% CI: 9.1% to 16.0%), and horizontal (11.06%, 95% CI: 8.3% to 14.6%). Impaction of 1 (42.71%, 95% CI: 30.0% to 56.5%) or 2 (29.64%, 95% CI: 19.5% to 42.3%) M3s was much more common than 3 (12.04%, 95% CI: 7.2% to 19.3%) or 4 (8.74%, 95% CI: 5.2% to 14.5%). There were small differences among impaction prevalence depending on geographic region (F test, P = 0.049). Selection bias was evident because individuals had to undergo radiographic examination to be included in the analysis. The subgroup analysis by sex was underpowered. Worldwide M3 impaction prevalence is lower than previously reported. The percentage of individuals with impacted M3s is much smaller than the percentage that undergoes clinical treatment for M3 problems.
Convergence in patient–therapist therapeutic alliance ratings and its relation to outcome in chronic depression treatment

AbstractObjective: This study tested whether discrepancy between patients’ and therapists’ ratings of the therapeutic alliance, as well as convergence in their alliance ratings over time, predicted outcome in chronic depression treatment. Method: Data derived from a controlled trial of partial or non-responders to open-label pharmacotherapy subsequently randomized to 12 weeks of algorithm-driven pharmacotherapy alone or pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy. The current study focused on the psychotherapy conditions (N = 357). Dyadic multilevel modeling was used to assess alliance discrepancy and alliance convergence over time as predictors of two depression measures: one pharmacotherapist-rated (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Clinician; QIDS-C), the other blind interviewer-rated (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HAMD). Results: Patients’ and therapists’ alliance ratings became more similar, or convergent, over the course of psychotherapy. Higher alliance convergence was associated with greater r...
Relationship between ocular functions and reading achievement.

Students in grades 1 through 6 were assessed on 11 ocular functions. A multivariate correlation was made between these ocular functions and the students' reading ability, as measured on the Stanford Achievement Test. There were no significant multivariate correlations between the ocular functions and the students' reading ability. It was concluded that for students with small heterophorias and no significant refractive errors, a relationship did not exist between ocular functions and reading ability.
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Chemotaxonomic Significance in an Iridomyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The identification of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one in an Iridomyrmex sp. from Florida is reported. The compound 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, which has not previously been reported from formicid exocrine secretions, was also discovered. The significance of these findings with respect to the taxonomy of North American Iridomyrmex is discussed.
High concentrations of isoflurane do not block the sympathetic nervous system activation from desflurane.

Purpose: The volatile anesthetic desflurane has been associated with neurocirculatory responses that have been relatively refractory to adjuvant treatment. We have employed desflurane to evaluate the integrity of the sympathetic nerve recording after establishment of the anesthetized state with another anesthetic agent. This retrospective evaluation of data from volunteers determined if higher concentrations of isoflurane that were sufficient to block the neurocirculatory response to laryngeal and tracheal stimulation would abolish the neurocirculatory response to desflurane. Methods: Data from eight, healthy, young volunteers met our criteria for inclusion. They had been anesthetized with propofol or thiopental and intubated after neuromuscular blockade. Each subject was monitored with radial artery blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR)(ECG), and sympathetic microneurography. Isoflurane had been administered to achieve a steady state concentration of 1.5 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) while oxygenation and carbon dioxide were monitored with pulse oximetry and infrared spectrometry, respectively. A deep level of anesthesia was confirmed when laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube movement failed to elicit a neurocirculatory response. A brief exposure to 11% desflurane in the inspired gas was then provided. Results: The responses to desflurane included significant increases in HR, range 32–84 b/min, and BP, range 15–72 mm Hg (P<0.05). Sympathetic nerve activity increased substantially in the three volunteers with functional nerve recordings. Conclusion: In healthy volunteers receiving 1.5 MAC isoflurane, which was sufficient to block the neurocirculatory response to laryngoscopy and tracheal stimulation, there were striking increases in sympathetic outflow, HR and BP when 11% desflurane was substituted for isoflurane.
A Graduate Real Estate Program Survey: Careers and Compensation

This paper addresses the impact of the recent recession upon job placement and compensation levels for recent graduates of graduate real estate programs. Based on a survey of graduates from nine graduate real estate programs, ‘‘recession-era’’ graduates (2008–2010) and ‘‘pre-recession’’ graduates (2000–2007) were compared to gain insight into how the types of jobs, salaries, bonuses, and other benefits were affected by the recession. The survey also identified the types of companies and the real estate sectors that were hiring. The results indicate that recession era graduates had a longer job search, accepted positions in a wider range of real estate professions, and experienced a relatively large drop in their starting compensation as compared to prerecession graduates. The mean earnings decreased from approximately $73,000 (pre-recession) to $59,000 (recession-era).