cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient kinetic studies of partial oxidation of CH4

The kinetics of methane oxidation over Ni/La2O3at low temperatures (450–700°C), atmospheric pressure, and a residence time of 3.8 ms was studied by the pulse-transient analysis method. The transient response curves revealed that CO2generation is delayed in comparison to that of CO, hence that CO is the primary product and CO2is only subsequently generated from CO. The generation of C and O species over the surface of the catalyst during CH4/O2pulses and the desorption of CO were much faster than the generation of CO; hence the reaction between the surface carbon species and the surface O species constitutes the rate-controlling step. High CH4conversions and almost 100% CO selectivities were obtained for small pulses of 45 μlof CH4/O2(2/1) over freshly reduced catalysts, with He as the carrier gas; over the unreduced catalyst the CH4conversion and CO selectivity were low. The experimental data also indicated that the CH4conversion and CO selectivity decreased when the surface of the reduced catalyst was oxidized. The results demonstrated that Ni atoms, obtained by the reduction of the catalyst, constitute the active sites in CH4partial oxidation. One concludes that the CH4conversion depends on its dissociation, whereas the CO selectivity is largely dependent on the strength of O species binding to the catalyst. Over the reduced catalyst, the O species oxidize with difficulty, because of their strong binding to Ni atoms, CO to CO2, whereas over the unreduced catalyst (which contains Ni oxide), the oxygen species easily oxidize, because they are weakly adsorbed, CO to CO2.
Cinema for German Conversation. by SCHUELLER, JEANNE

The article reviews the book "Cinema for German Conversation," a volume of a series by Focus Publishing, by Jeanne Schueller.
Teleconnections of the Southern Oscillation in the Tropical Atlantic Sector in the OSU Coupled Upper Ocean–Atmosphere GCM

Abstract The Oregon State University coupled upper ocean-atmosphere GCM has been shown to qualitatively simulate the Southern Oscillation. A composite analysis of the warm and cold events simulated in this 23-year integration has been performed. During the low phase of the Southern Oscillation, when warm anomalies occur in the eastern Pacific, the model simulates for the Atlantic region during March–May 1) a deficit of precipitation over the tropical South American continent, 2) Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico sea level pressure and sea surface temperature are in phase with the eastern Pacific anomalies, while those east of the Nordeste region are out of phase, and 3) northeast trade winds are anomalously weak and southwest trade winds are anomalously strong (as inferred from surface current anomalies). The anomalies in the oceanic processes are induced by perturbations in the atmospheric circulation over the Atlantic and are coupled to changes in the Walker circulation. During the high phase of the simulate...
Application of shape memory alloy wire actuator for precision position control of a composite beam

In this paper are presented the design and experimental results of using a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire as an actuator for position control of a composite beam. The composite beam is honeycomb structured, having wires of SMA embedded in one of its face sheets for the purposes of active actuation. Nickel-titanium SMA wires were chosen as actuating elements due to their high recovery stress (>700 MPa) and tolerance to high strain (up to 8%). A simple proportional and derivative controller plus a feed-forward current is designed and implemented for controlling the tip position of the composite beam. Experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the SMA wire as an actuator for active position control of a composite beam.
Recent advances in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Over the past few years, the therapeutic options for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have greatly expanded. Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy with oral, inhaled, subcutaneous and intravenous therapies that target a variety of pathways involved in the disease process. New therapies that are commercially available include bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist and three prostacyclin analogues: treprostinil, beraprost and iloprost.
Lattice Dynamics of Solid C 60

The lattice dynamics of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ has been studied first by means of group theory and then by diagonalizing the dynamical matrix for two recently proposed intermolecular potentials. The libron and phonon energies are calculated as a function of momentum along various symmetry directions with and without phonon--libron interactions. The effects of these interactions on the density of states are also discussed. Explicit expressions for the energies of these modes at zero wave vector are given. It is found that both potential models have nearly the same phonon but a somewhat different libron spectrum. The calculated libron energies agree reasonably well with currently available experimental results.
Calcification in atherosclerosis

Coronary calcification has long been known to occur as a part of the atherosclerotic process, although whether it is a marker of plaque stability or instability is still a topic of considerable debate. Coronary calcification is an active process resembling bone formation within the vessel wall and, with the advances in CT technology of the past decade, can be easily quantified and expressed as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. The extent of calcium is thought to reflect the total coronary atherosclerotic burden, which has generated interest in using CAC as a marker of risk of cardiovascular events. The current consensus is that large amounts of CAC identify a highly vulnerable patient rather than a vulnerable plaque or vulnerable vessel. Indeed, CAC has incremental prognostic value beyond traditional risk factors in various subsets of the population. Furthermore, whereas the presence of CAC is associated with increased risk, a zero CAC score predicts excellent short-term to mid-term prognosis, even in high-risk patients. The advent of CT angiography has perhaps clouded the importance of CAC as a long-term marker of risk, as opposed to the presence of luminal stenoses that are associated with a more immediate risk of events.
The Past in the Present Culture and the Transmission of Memory

The aim of this article is to outline a theory cultural trauma, with reference to slavery and the formation of an African American identity. With this in mind, the concepts 'collective memory' and 'collective identity' are discussed and linked with a theory of intellectual generations. It is proposed that the notion of an 'African American' emerged as part of the efforts of a generation of black intellectuals to come to grips with their, individual and collective, rejection by American society after being promised full integration following the end of the Civil War (1861-5). Slavery, not so much as experience, but as a form of memory, was a focal point of reference in this process.
Dentate granule cells in the rat hippocampal formation have the behavioral characteristics of theta neurons

Abstract Recordings were made from the dentate gyrus granule cell layer of freely-moving rats. The neurons recorded from the layer were divisible into 3 classes using a combination of electrophysiological and behavioral criteria; the duration of the extracellularly recorded unfiltered action potential provided the most reliable means of differentiating between cell types. Class I and class II neurons always fired in short duration single action potentials, while class III neurons had broader waveforms and occasionally were observed to fire complex spikes. As the most obvious behavioral correlate of class I and class II neurons was movement of the rat, these cells correspond to the theta cells of Ranck. Class III neurons for which a behavioral correlate was observed had the characteristics of the place cells described by O'Keefe. The neurons of classes I and II comprised 89% (56 of 63) of the total population sampled in the granule cell layer. Most of these neurons (49 of 56) discharged at short latency in response to a stimulus delivered via the perforant pathway; in contrast, none of the class III neurons observed were activated in this way. Horseradish peroxidase or Fast Green dye ejection through glass microelectrodes recording class I cell actiivity in urethane-anesthetized animals revealed the electrode tip to be in the granule cell layer in 27 of 27 cases. Six single class I neurons were also antidromically activated by a stimulus from an electrode placed in the hippocampal mossy fibers, and collision testing was successful in all cases. It is concluded that the dentate granule cells are theta cells.
EKG findings associated with situs inversus.

i L w i t o i a s p w t a 24-year-old woman presented complaining of interittent crampy chest and back pain for 2 days. The pain ocalized to the back and below the right breast, occurred ourly, and persisted 1 min before resolving spontaeously. She denied exacerbating or alleviating factors, nd was pain free on presentation. She denied any assoiated symptoms, recent unusual exertion, or trauma. The emainder of the review of systems was noncontributory. he denied coronary artery disease risk factors. She did eport a history of a cardiac anomaly as an infant, but had een told no further treatment was required. She then tated “I think everything is backwards in my body” and he diagnosis of situs inversus was entertained. Vital signs, including pulse oximetry, were normal. he physical examination was significant for right-sided eart sounds and apical impulse, and a left-sided liver. n electrocardiogram (EKG) was obtained (Figure 1) nd demonstrated findings consistent with situs inversus. right-sided EKG, with additional limb lead reversal, as also obtained (Figure 2). A chest X-ray study was erformed with careful attention to proper labeling (Figure ). The patient was discharged with nonspecific chest pain, nd instructed to follow up with her primary physician. Situs inversus refers to an uncommon condition with omplete left to right reversal, or mirror imaging, of the
Biomechanical Comparison of the Trocar Tip Point and the Hollow Ground Tip Point for Smooth External Skeletal Fixation Pins

Objective—To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points. Study Design—An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation. Sample Population—Thirteen radii from canine cadavers. Methods—A total of 16 T-tipped and 16 HG-tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low-speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations. Results—HG-tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T-tipped pins. HG 0.254-mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone. Conclusions—The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures. Clinical Relevance—Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin-bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin-bone interface.
Simultaneous velocimetry/accelerometry measurements in a turbulent two-phase pipe flow

A two-color digital particle image velocimetry and accelerometry (DPIV and DPIA) measurement technique is described that records the velocity and acceleration fields of both the solid and liquid phases simultaneously. Measurements were taken at turbulent conditions of a vertical pipe flow using glass spheres as the solid phase and fluorescent particles to indicate fluid phase motion. Nd-YAG pulse lasers acted as illumination sources and images were recorded by two monochrome CCD cameras. The two-color aspect of the technique was realized by placing optical filters in front of the cameras to discriminate between the phases. Cross-correlations and auto-correlations were applied to determine velocity and acceleration fields of the two phases. Results showing some of the capabilities of the technique as applied to a two-phase pipe flow experiment are provided. For the condition studied, it was found that there was turbulence suppression due to the solid phase and that the statistics associated with the acceleration probability distribution were different for the solid and fluid phases.
Document Discourse for Managing Construction Project Documents

AbstractSeveral important aspects characterize construction project documents. Large numbers of documents are produced in construction projects. The majority of the documents are unstructured textual documents. The production of documents is a gradual process that extends over the duration of the project. Documents, as information carriers, are an important repository of project knowledge. Project information is recorded, disputed, revised, and reiterated in various successive documents producing links between these documents and creating groups of semantically related documents within the project corpus. Despite the difficulties imposed on document management efforts by these characteristics, an electronic document management (EDM) approach must take into account these features in order to successfully manage project documents. In this study, a prototype electronic document management system (EDMS) that capitalizes on the various aspects that characterize project documents is presented. The system is bas...
Side-entry excitation and detection of square capillary array electrophoresis for DNA sequencing.

In high throughput DNA sequencing based on capillary electrophoresis, efficient coupling of the laser to each capillary is a challenge. Our group previously reported two multiple point irradiation schemes. The present work describes a more efficient excitation and detection method in which the laser light propagates through the capillary array without undergoing a serious reduction in power. An array of square capillaries (340 μm O.D.×75 μm I.D.) was sandwiched between two fused-silica plates with an index-matching solution in between. The light was directed into the channel across the capillary array from the side. DNA sequences of PGEM/U from 24 capillaries were obtained even with a relatively low-power laser. The excitation scheme can be scaled up to hundreds of capillaries to achieve high-speed, high-throughput DNA sequencing, genetic typing and drug screening.
Key resources on marginalized students

This chapter provides resources to assist student affairs personnel at community colleges as they interact with students from marginalized groups, students whose experiences in college need to be heard and brought to the center. The resources described are practice oriented and include Web links of professional organizations with further sources of information for each particular marginalized group. Funding opportunities are also identified to help further support community colleges' ability to program, recruit, and retain these marginalized populations. The goal of each community college to serve all students will largely depend on the willingness of administrators, faculty, and staff to critique and confront why certain student groups remain on the margins of their respective campuses.
A new character for identifying larval instars of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)☆

Abstract Three larval instars of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) were recognized in rearings at 25°C and 75% r.h., based on the greatest distance between the ventrally sclerotized lateral structures of the frontoclypeus. This distance for the first, second and third instars averaged 0.135, 0.183 and 0.274 mm, respectively. Larvae can be measured under ethanol by this method; mounting on slides, a prerequisite for measuring head capsule width, is not required.
A report on associations among gastric pH, bleeding, duodenogastric reflux, and outcomes after trauma.

Background: The pathogenesis of multiple organ failure (MOF) in trauma patients may involve the gastrointestinal tract, but its exact origins remain elusive. In a prospective study, the gastric fluid of major torso trauma patients was examined for evidence of duodenogastric reflux and potential gastric injury, and was compared with patient outcomes regarding MOF. Methods: Patient samples were collected daily for 4 days by nasogastric tube and analyzed for pH, hemoglobin, and bile acid. Blood was collected for analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP). Outcomes were recorded for the presence or absence of MOF. Results: The results showed that most patients exhibited alkaline gastric contents (pH ≥ 4.9) and elevated levels of hemoglobin immediately after the trauma. Although non-MOF patients demonstrated a decline of both mean gastric pH and bleeding by day 4, MOF patients maintained significant elevations in pH during this time period. Mean total bile acid levels were increased in all patients, signifying the presence of duodenogastric reflux. However, there were no clear differences in mean bile acid concentrations between MOF and non-MOF patients over time, although MOF patients tended to exhibit higher levels. All patients showed a progressive rise in serum CRP during the first 24 hours after trauma, which was maintained for 4 days. The initial rise in serum CRP in MOF patients was delayed compared with that in non-MOF patients. Conclusions: We conclude that duodenogastric reflux occurs in trauma patients in the first few days after trauma and may contribute to elevated gastric pH and bleeding. Further study is needed to verify whether monitoring the gastric juice of trauma patients during the first several days of hospitalization, for alkaline pH and excessive blood in the gastric lumen, could lead to better assessments of patient status.
Nonlinear saturation of the longitudinal modes of the coasting beam in a storage-ring.

A simple nonlinear model of a coasting beam coupled to a sharp storage-ring impedance is formulated in the framework of the quasilinear Vlasov equation. Nonperturbative analytic treatment of the Vlasov equation allows us to study time evolution of a single coherent mode (an azimuthal harmonic of the density driven by the impedance) and the overall uniform-density distribution function. In the case of a Gaussian beam, this formalism simplifies to a pair of equations of motion which together with the dispersion relation fully describe the dynamics of the beam. Further numerical treatment reveals saturation of the mode growth which simultaneously provides a stabilizing mechanism (via Landau damping) for the overall distribution function. Some predictions about the energy overshoot and coherent-instability lifetime are made on the basis of the presented formalism.
Carbohydrates with relevance to the structure of glycosaminoglycans: The crystal structures of 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-α-d-glucopyranose sodium salt dihydrate, 2-amino-2-deoxy-α,β-d-glucopyranose 3-(hydrogen sulfate) monohydrate, and 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranose 6-(hydrogen sulfate) monohydrate

Abstract The X-ray crystal structures of the glycosaminoglycan-related monosaccharides 2-deoxy-2-(sulfoamino)-α- d -glucopyranose sodium salt dihydrate, 2-amino-2-deoxy-α,β- d -glucopyranose 3-(hydrogen sulfate) monohydrate, and 2-amino-2-deoxy-α- d -glucopyranose 6-(hydrogen sulfate) monohydrate have been determined at 173 K. In the solid state, the 3-sulfated and 6-sulfated compounds assume the expected zwitterionic form. The 2(N)- and 6-sulfate crystal structures contain only the α-anomers, but the 3-sulfate crystal structure includes both the α- and β-anomers, as well as two different orientations of the hydroxymethyl group. The sodium ion in the 2(N)-sulfate structure is sixfold coordinated, with two water molecules, a sulfate oxygen, a ring oxygen, and two hydroxyl oxygens serving as electron donors. The 2(N)-sulfate group makes direct contact with the sodium ion and also makes indirect contact with it through mediating water molecules. In the 3-sulfate structure, the sulfate group participates in a close intramolecular contact with the protonated amino group at C-2. In all three structures the sulfate oxygens engage in close intermolecular interactions with -NH3+ and -OH groups and with water molecules, although the sole sulfate-water approach in the 6-sulfate structure is exceptional in not being very close (> 3.0 A). Selected IR and NMR data are presented.
The Lateral Signal for LIN-12/Notch in C. elegans Vulval Development Comprises Redundant Secreted and Transmembrane DSL Proteins

The vulval precursor cells (VPCs) are spatially patterned by a LET-23/EGF receptor-mediated inductive signal and a LIN-12/Notch-mediated lateral signal. The lateral signal has eluded identification, so the mechanism by which lateral signaling is activated has not been known. Here, we computationally identify ten genes that encode potential ligands for LIN-12, and show that three of these genes, apx-1, dsl-1, and lag-2, are functionally redundant components of the lateral signal. We also show that transcription of all three genes is initiated or upregulated in VPCs in response to inductive signaling, suggesting that direct transcriptional control of the lateral signal by the inductive signal is part of the mechanism by which these cell signaling events are coordinated. In addition, we show that DSL-1, which lacks a predicted transmembrane domain, is a natural secreted ligand and can substitute for the transmembrane ligand LAG-2 in different functional assays.
Bridgman growth of ferrite crystals

Abstract Large ferrite single crystals were grown by the Bridgman method. Nickel-, lithium-, nickel-lithium-, gallium- manganese-, and nickel-magnesium ferrites were studied. Single crystals were grown in each system except nickel-magnesium ferrite. Crystals weighing as much as 425g with a high degree of lattice perfection were obtained. Cation component segregation due to incongruent melting occurred in most specimens. The results indicate that the Li-Fe-O phase diagram has not yet been accurately determined. Several new solid-solid and solid-liquid equilibria are proposed.
Microwave hepatic ablation: initial experience of safety and efficacy.

Background Microwave (MW) ablation is a new treatment modality for hepatic tumors in the United States. Past concerns had been related to small ablation size and efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, operative time, rate of complete ablation, and local recurrence. Methods A prospective Phase II study of MW of hepatic tumors from 1/2004 to 10/2004. Results MW ablation was utilized to treat 67 hepatic tumors in 20 patients, with 13 men, 7 women, with a median age of 65 years (range 46–83 years). Tumor types, metastatic colorectal cancer (n = 9), hepatocellular (n = 5), metastatic carcinoid (n = 2), and one patient each with metastatic ovarian, breast, and gastric. MW treated a median of two tumors (range 1–13) per patient, median size of 3 cm (range 1.5–4.5 cm). Total median ablation time was 10 min (range 5–40 min). The overall ablation success at the discharge CT of the abdomen was 100%. Nine patients underwent additional procedures, including partial hepatectomy, colectomy, and gastrectomy. There were no perioperative deaths, while perioperative complications occurred in five patients—none of them related to hepatic ablation. After median follow-up of 19 months there has been one ablation recurrence. Conclusions MW ablation represents a reliable, efficient, and safe technique to perform hepatic tumor ablation. The ability to perform multiple ablations simultaneously allows for a more efficient surgical procedure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:481–486. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states of a rotating elastic rod

A flexible rod is rotated from one end. The equilibrium equation is a fourth order nonlinear two-point boundary value problem which depends on two parameters λ and α representing the importance of centrifugal effects to flexural rigidity and the angle between the rotation axis and the clamped end, respectively. Previous studies on the existence and uniqueness of solution of the equilibrium equation assumed α=0. Among the findings of these studies is the existence of a critical value λc beyond which the uniqueness of the trivial solution is lost. The computations of λc required the solution of a nonlinear bifurcation problem. On the other hand, this work is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solution of the equilibrium equation when α≠0 and in particular in the computations of a critical value λc such that the equilibrium equation has a unique solution for each α≠0 provided λ<λc. For small α≠0 this requires the solution of a nonlinear perturbed bifurcation problem.
Assessing English-Language Learners in Mainstream Classrooms

Increasingly, mainstream U.S. classrooms include children who are English-language learners (ELLs). As a result, teachers need to become more aware of ways to assess the literacy progress of their ELL students. The first type of assessment that teachers need to make is to determine ELLs literacy backgrounds. Teachers can use predictability logs to make these assessments. Next, teachers can use nontraditional assessments to determine ELLs' literacy strengths and needs. At times, however, teachers need to use traditional assessments to evaluate ELLs. When doing so, they should consider making modifications so that the assessment accurately reflects the ELLs' literacy knowledge. Knowledge of ways to assess ELLs' literacy development accurately can help classroom teachers determine instructional lessons and interventions so that all students make real progress toward literacy.
Discrete and diffuse heat transfer atashes vent field, Axial Volcano, Juan de Fuca Ridge

Abstract Heat fluxes of discrete and diffuse components of hydrothermal discharge are estimated from submersible measurement in the ashes vent field located in the caldera of Axial Volcano on the central Juan de Fuca Ridge. The discrete component comprises discharge from individual vents and the diffuse component comprises seepage from large areas of the seafloor. The investigation centered on the high-temperature portion of the field, a 100 × 100 m area of fractured lobate and sheet lava flows encompassing discrete discharge ( ⩽ 326°C) from seven individual vents and diffuse flow from intervening areas. A total of 4.4 ± 2 × 10 6 W was estimated for the discrete heat flux based on measurements of effluent temperature, flow rate and orifice diameter at all the known individual vents by D.S.V. Alvin in September 1987. A total of 15–75 × 10 6 W was calculated with a standard plume model for the diffuse flux based on a grid of temperature measurements at altitudes of 1 m and 20 m above the study area using a 1 m long vertical array of temperature sensors mounted at the front of Alvin 's instrument platform. The study indicates that (1) the diffuse component rises separately from the discrete component of hydrothermal discharge and is laterally advected by a prevailing current below the discrete component, and that (2) the diffuse component of convective heat flux is approximately an order of magnitude greater than the discrete component in the high-temperature portion of the ashes vent field.
Electron microscopic study of human dental primordia.

Abstract Differentiation of the cellular constituents of the bud into a dissimilar multilayered structure occurs immediately upon the establishment of the four zones of the definitive parent dental lamina. The cytomorphological features of the cells constituting the various regions and layers of the dental primordium are described.
Design philosophy for service robots

The purpose of this paper is to present our design philosophy for service robotics research and development and describe our current efforts along this line. Our approach begins with a discussion of the role of service robotics and some features that are unique to service robotics. We then describe our design philosophy that emphasizes compromise and practicality in design. We will use this philosophy in the design and integration of a new service robot system, based on ISAC and HERO. ISAC is a stationary service robot designed to feed physically challenged individuals that is operated by voice command. HERO is a small mobile robot integrated into the system to provide new functionality for the user. We will make use of our design philosophy to solve some of the robot navigation problems and describe how our approach will help us solve these problems in an efficient manner. Some problems will be approached by a technical solution, and other problems will be solved through an expanded user interface and appeal to the intelligence of the user of the system. Performance of a useful service with limited intervention from a user at a reasonable cost is our goal.
Correlating inline data with final test outcomes in analog/RF devices

In semiconductor manufacturing, a wealth of wafer-level measurements, generally termed inline data, are collected from various on-die and between-die (kerf) test structures and are used to provide characterization engineers with information on the health of the process. While it is generally believed that these measurements also contain valuable information regarding die performances, the vast amount of inline data collected often thwarts efficient and informative correlation with final test outcomes. In this work, we develop a data mining approach to automatically identify and explore correlations between inline measurements and final test outcomes in analog/RF devices. Significantly, we do not depend on statistical methods in isolation, but incorporate domain expert feedback into our algorithm to identify and remove spurious autocorrelations which are frequently present in semiconductor manufacturing data. We demonstrate our method using data from an analog/RF product manufactured in IBM's 90nm low-power process, on which we successfully identify a set of key inline parameters correlating to module final test (MFT) outcomes.
Someone's loss might be your gain: A case of negative results publications in science

This poster reports a research in progress which investigates the academic influence of a scientific journal dedicated to publishing negative results. Based on a case study of Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine (JNRBM), this research examines the academic influence of this journal through citation impact, authors' productivity, and authorship international diversity. Preliminary findings show that JNRBM has an active participation of international scholars with high productivity in their academic disciplines, while citation counts of published articles are still polarized. These results imply that journals publishing negative results are beneficial for triggering discussions and debates on current models, and tenets or dogmas, although they still gain limited attention from the academic community.
The Boundary Conditions of Export Relational Governance: A "Strategy Tripod" Perspective

Abstract Manufacturers often use relational governance to manage interfirm relationships with their distributors. Yet recent literature has cautioned that relational governance may only offer conditional benefits. In this study, the authors integrate the resource-, industry-, and institution-based views to examine whether there is a limit to the positive effect of relational governance on export performance. Furthermore, the authors investigate two conditioning factors: industry uncertainty and cross-national institutional distance. Using a survey of 184 export ventures from China, the authors find that relational governance has an inverted U-shaped relationship with performance. In addition, the findings show that the export performance effect of relational governance becomes less effective in uncertain industry environments, but cross-country institutional distance enhances the value of relational governance.
Variability of peak shoulder force during wheelchair propulsion in manual wheelchair users with and without shoulder pain

article i nfo Article history: Received 12 June 2013 Accepted 9 October 2013 Background: Manual wheelchair users report a high prevalence of shoulder pain. Growing evidence shows that variability in forces applied to biological tissue is related to musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the variability of forces acting on the shoulder during wheelchair propulsion as a function of shoulder pain. Methods:Twenty-fourmanualwheelchairusers(13with pain,11 withoutpain)participatedintheinvestigation. Kinetic and kinematic data of wheelchair propulsion were recorded for 3 min maintaining a constant speed at three distinct propulsion speeds (fast speed of 1.1 m/s, a self-selected speed, and a slow speed of 0.7 m/s). Peak resultant shoulder forces in the push phase were calculated using inverse dynamics. Within individual variability was quantified as the coefficient of variation of cycle to cycle peak resultant forces. Findings: There was no difference in mean peak shoulder resultant force between groups. The pain group had significantly smaller variability of peak resultant force than the no pain group (Pb0.01, η 2 =0.18).
A language for molecular visualization

The features and implementation of Pdbq, a special-purpose, interpreted language based on the C programing language, are described. Pdbq provides data types, control structures, operators, and built-in functions for specifying visualization mappings. The language arose from research into the specification of novel geometries from molecular data. Pdbq's data types, flow control, built-in functions, and global variables are discussed. Visualization examples using the language are presented. >
RXRβ: A coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements

Abstract The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) requires coregulators to bind effectively to response elements in target genes. A strategy of sequential screening of expression libraries with a retinoic acid response element and RAR identified a cDNA encoding a coregulator highly related to RXRα. This protein, termed RXRβ, forms heterodimers with RAR, preferentially increasing its DNA binding and transcriptional activity on promoters containing retinoic acid, but not thyroid hormone or vitamin D, response elements. Remarkably, RXRβ also heterodimerizes with the thyroid hormone and vitamin D receptors, increasing both DNA binding and transcriptional function on their respective response elements. RXRα also forms heterodimers with these receptors. These observations suggest that retinoid X receptors meet the criteria for biochemically characterized cellular coregulators and serve to selectively target the high affinity binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate DNA response elements.
Utilization of a thermal model to predict electrode erosion parameters of engineering importance

A simple solution to the one-dimensional heat conduction equation has been shown to describe quite accurately the scaling laws obtained experimentally for electrode erosion. For erosion where vaporization or ablation is the dominant material removal mechanism the correct scaling parameter is either f/sub 1/ proportional to Q/sub e/I/sub p/ (t/sub p/)/sup 1/2/, or Q/sub e/, where Q/sub e/ is the effective charge transferred, I/sub p/ is the peak current and t/sub p/ is the pulse width (defined as the width of the first half cycle for oscillatory pulses). It is shown that the electrode erosion results for many materials, for several different experimenters, scale linearly with f/sub 1/ regardless of whether the material is vaporized or ablated. The relative magnitude of the erosion for different materials is characterized quite well by the energy required to vaporize or melt the material. >
Clinical supervision in a competency-based era:

Since clinical supervision has become recognized as a distinct professional practice, competency-based supervision has gained considerable traction internationally. Competency-based supervision enhances accountability and is compatible with evidence-based approaches. Competency-based supervision is defined by supervisor and supervisee collaboratively and explicitly identifying the knowledge, skills and attitudes comprising each clinical competency, determining specific learning strategies, and monitoring and evaluating the development of those. Recommendations for supervision practice are described based on the growing evidence base for practice and responsive to emerging ethical and legal issues.
MONITORING AND ADAPTIVE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT

An adaptive management strategy can be used to hedge against failures in the scientific assumptions underlying the high-dose plus refuge strategy for managing the resistance of the European corn borer to Bt corn. This will require sensitive monitoring coupled with effective adaptive management interventions. Using a theoretical model, we suggest that recessive resistance alleles must be detected at frequencies of ≤5 × 10−3 to provide enough time to adapt management. Analysis of the costs of monitoring indicates that an F2 screen is the most cost effective method for monitoring recessive resistance to Bt corn. If resistance is dominant, an in-field screen is the most cost effective method. Both methods can detect and measure resistance at frequencies of ≤5 × 10−3 for ∼$5000 (U.S. dollars) per site. Two kinds of adaptive responses can be taken: (1) reducing the selective advantage of the resistance allele or (2) modifying the mating system so fewer resistance alleles are passed on to future generations. Ass...
The Tumor Suppressor Genes

THE ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES . . . . . . . 623 THE PROPERTIES OF ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES . . 627 THE ONCOGENES OF THE DNA TUMOR VIRUSES TARGET THE MAJOR CELLULAR TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES 629 THE RETINOBLASTOMA SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE AND PROTEIN ........ 632 THE RB-RELATED PROTEIN, pI07 635 THE p53 GENE AND PROTEIN 636 THE WILMS' TUMOR GENE AND PROTEIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 THE NEUROFIBROMA TOSIS-1 GENE AND PROTEIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI (APC) GENE AND ITS PROTEIN ...... 646 DELETED IN COLORECTAL CANCER; THE DCC GENE AND PROTEIN . . . . . 646
The Nuclear Envelope

The nuclear envelope (NE) is a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. It contains a large number of different proteins that have been implicated in chromatin organization and gene regulation. Although the nuclear membrane enables complex levels of gene expression, it also poses a challenge when it comes to cell division. To allow access of the mitotic spindle to chromatin, the nucleus of metazoans must completely disassemble during mitosis, generating the need to re-establish the nuclear compartment at the end of each cell division. Here, I summarize our current understanding of the dynamic remodeling of the NE during the cell cycle.
Asymptotic Theory for Beam Propagation in a Random Medium

In a previous paper, we derived expressions for the irradiance distribution of a finite beam. Here we derive expressions for the full coherence function. We find an asymptotic analytic expression for the coherence function for very large propagation distances. In this region, the on-axis angular spectrum of the finite beam is one fourth that of an initial plane wave and three fourths that of an initial spherical wave. When the scattering dominates diffraction, we find overlapping asymptotic representations for the coherence function for all distances. We present some explicit results for an initially coherent gaussian wave.
Examining Rates of Sexual Offenses from a Routine Activities Perspective

Abstract Recent policies enacted regarding sex offenders include the formation of a publicly accessible sex offender registry, community notification, and residential restrictions. Often the motivation behind these policies is to get information out about sex offenders to community members so that these communities can effectively guard against any revictimization by the sex offenders among them. Theoretically, the premise for this type of legislation corresponds to relationships specified by routine activities theory. The theory states that if guardians can interrupt potential offenders as they are preying on suitable targets, these crimes-in-the-making will not occur. The present study assesses routine activities theory via a study of the presence of potential offenders (as measured by the number of registered sex offenders in the area), as well as community and resident characteristics that measure the presence and types of suitable targets and the existence of guardians and guardianship structures. We...
Multimedia Chat for Helpdesks: A Practical SOA Architecture

The existing 3rd party chat services for help desk are text based only and more effective communication between user and agent for better help desk support in multimedia chat services is called for. It would be a very expensive approach to totally re-write the code to convert the current text based chat product for supporting multimedia in chat services. An innovative SOA chat system architecture is therefore presented in this paper to create a new multimedia chat services for help desk by novel decomposition and re-composition of the services from the existing 3rd party text based chat product. A regular web mashup is memory-less which the current mashup operation is independent from the previous one. Our SOA architecture implements uniquely the session based interactive mashup mechanism which the current mashup operation is related and bundled to the previous operations in the same chat session.
Prognosticators in thigh soft tissue sarcomas.

Background In sarcoma patients the roles of smoking history, family cancer history, and leukoreduced blood transfusions have not been studied and the effect of preoperative radiation on blood loss has not been examined. Methods Seventy-seven patients with non-metastatic and non-recurrent thigh sarcomas surgically treated at the Cleveland Clinic were identified. Among patient variables studied were: close family history of cancer, perioperative transfusion history, smoking history, and radiation history. Median follow-up for the survivors was 3.2 years. Results We found that tumor grade, transfusion >3 U (P = 0.022), and pre- or post-operative radiation therapy (P = 0.041) were risk factors for distant metastasis. Tumor grade (P = 0.008), positive smoking history (P = 0.039), and >3 U of non-leukoreduced blood transfused (P = 0.037) were risk factors for death of any-cause. Close family history of cancer correlated with having a grade 3 sarcoma (P = 0.044). Neoadjuvant radiotherapy correlated with >3 U of blood transfused (P = 0.001) and biopsy performed at the treating institution led to a significant decrease in rate of recurrence (P = 0.016). Conclusions We present novel findings in terms of transfusions, family history of cancer and site of initial biopsy in sarcoma patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:85–91. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Death Anxiety and Counseling Skill in the Suicide Interventionist

In light of recent evidence that suicide intervention workers may experience greater fear of death than the general population, the present study examined the death anxiety of interventionists and its relation to skill in responding to suicidal clients. A sample of 109 suicide prevention workers from three independent crisis centers were administered the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970) and the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (Neimeyer & MacInnes, 1981). Compared to 109 matched controls, the interventionists were found to have significantly lower death anxiety, thereby reversing the earlier finding. Moreover, no linear or curvilinear relationship between death anxiety and suicide counseling skill could be identified. Together, these results give some justification to the traditional neglect of death concern as a factor in screening or training crisis intervention personnel.
Manufacturing AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs on 100 mm wafers

The authors report the first implementation of HBT technology on 100 mm OMVPE-grown epitaxial wafers. The electronic characteristics of large area HBT devices with an emitter size of 67/spl times/67 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ are used to measure the uniformity of the epitaxial material. The variations of current gain and V/sub be/ turn-on voltage for such devices are less than 3% and 1%, respectively, across a wafer. This indicates that the characteristic uniformity of epitaxial films grown on 100 mm wafers is comparable with films grown on three-inch wafers. Process induced variation in the device characteristics is measured on small area devices with an emitter size of 1.4/spl times/3 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The across wafer variations of current gain and V/sub be/ turn-on voltage for these devices are less than 10% and 1%. Circuit yield sufficient for production ramp-up has been demonstrated for gain blocks, prescalers, 14-bit digital-to-analog converters and 8-bit analog-to-digital converters. The success over this array of products demonstrates that the OMVPE-grown 100 mm epitaxial wafers and the HBT fabrication process developed are well suited for a production environment. >
Radial contrast enhancement on brain magnetic resonance imaging could be diagnostic of primary angiitis of the central nervous system: a case report and review of the literature

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is a rare disease of unclear etiology. There is no single test diagnostic of primary angiitis of the central nervous system. We report an unusual pattern on brain magnetic resonance imaging that might be specific for primary angiitis of the central nervous system. A 47-year-old Caucasian man developed progressive bilateral hand tremor, difficulty walking, cognitive slowing and headache. A physical examination showed bilateral hand tremor with dysmetria, hyperreflexia and abnormal gait. Magnetic resonance imaging of his brain showed bilateral, symmetrical, increased intensity on T2-weighted images concurrent with linear contrast enhancement in a radial distribution throughout his white matter, sparing subcortical regions in his centrum semiovale, corona radiata, basal ganglia and brainstem. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated elevated choline and decreased N-acetyl aspartate. Except for elevated protein and lymphocytic pleocytosis, examination of his cerebrospinal fluid showed no abnormalities. Serological tests for rheumatologic, vasculitic, paraneoplastic, infectious and peroxisomal disorders were negative. A brain biopsy revealed primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Our patient was treated with steroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide, with improvement in signs and symptoms as well as changes on magnetic resonance imaging. Bilateral, symmetrical, increased intensity on T2-weighted images concurrent with linear contrast enhancement in a radial distribution throughout the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain should be recognized as a feature of primary angiitis of the central nervous system, and might avoid the need for a brain biopsy to diagnose primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
Corticotropin inhibiting peptide and a synthetic β-melanotropin analog inhibit the lipolytic activity of corticotropin and melanotropins

Lipolysis in isolated rabbit fat cells induced by beta-melanotropin, alpha-melanotropin and corticotropin was inhibited by both corticotropin inhibiting peptide and [Gly10]-beta-melanotropin. Corticotropin inhibiting peptide was a more potent antagonist than [Gly10]-beta-melanotropin.