cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Land use legacy effects on structure and composition of subtropical dry forests in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract Tropical dry forests are subject to intense human pressure and land change, including conversion to agricultural crops, pasture or agroforestry, and urban encroachment. Decades, and even centuries, of conversion, expansion, regrowth, and changing land-use practices can result in a mosaic of secondary growth patches with different land-use histories. Whereas post-agricultural landscapes may appear as contiguous areas of forest regeneration, the successional trajectory of forest patches from historic land cover to their current state may differ substantially, with consequences for species composition and ecosystem structure and function. We examined the effect of different land-use histories on current forest structure, biomass, and composition in subtropical dry forests in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. We sampled three types of secondary forests that followed different regeneration pathways after centuries of sugarcane agriculture: 40-year old secondary forests that naturally regenerated after sugarcane abandonment, 40-year old secondary forests that were reforested with timber plantations before management ceased and they were overtaken by natural succession, and 10-year old secondary forests that were intensive pasture prior to recent forest regeneration. Secondary forests that naturally regenerated after sugarcane had similar structural characteristics, in terms of basal area, stem density, aboveground biomass, and species diversity compared to secondary forests of the same age that were former plantations. Species composition, however, remained distinct. Compositional differences between the two types of 40-year old secondary forests could be partially attributed to plantation species, specifically Swietenia mahagoni, whereas naturally regenerated forests were dominated by common secondary forest species, such as Melicoccus bijugatus and Cordia alba. The effects of hurricane damage helped to explain structural similarity and compositional dissimilarity between naturally regenerated secondary forests and former plantations. Forest age had a significant effect on forest structure and composition. Differences between 10-year old and both types of 40-year old secondary forests were driven by a dominance of the nitrogen-fixing species Leucaena leucocephala, which rapidly established in 10-year old secondary forests and resulted in greater stem density and lower basal area, biomass, and species richness. Our results show that land-use history plays an important role in shaping species composition, especially in post-agricultural tropical dry forests. Although forests with differing land-use histories may structurally resemble one another within decades of abandonment, species composition may remain distinct for much longer. Understanding the legacy of human land use is important for dry forests that have a long history of disturbance and for predicting their response to future environmental change.
Phloem Loading in Squash

Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopepo torticalis, Bailey) leaves were supplied with (14)C-sucrose, then specific radioactivities of the glucose and galactose moieties of translocated stachyose were determined. In every case, the specific radioactivity of the galactose moiety was greater than that of the glucose moiety. It is concluded that the stachyose was not synthesized at either the phloem-loading site or subsequent to phloem loading, but rather in cells that were not a part of the translocation system, possibly the mesophyll cells.
A Basic Discontinuity Equation

We derive from field theory a formula that expresses the discontinuity of any multiparticle scattering function across any normal threshold cut in terms of specified limits of scattering functions for other processes. The special case that expresses any inclusive cross section as a discontinuity has been used extensively in recent work on high-energy processes. Other cases of the general formula also appear to have important implications, which are briefly discussed.
Faith healers and folk healers: The symbolism and practice of indigenous therapy in urban Africa

(1981). Faith healers and folk healers: The symbolism and practice of indigenous therapy in urban Africa. Religion: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 127-149.
Using problem-solving procedures in family management of stuttering

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a family-oriented therapy program for elementary-age children who stutter. A 2-week therapy program, based on the work of Rustin (1987a, 1987b), was developed in which speech therapy, social skills, and transfer activities were integrated from a problem-solving perspective. Twenty-eight families participated. The results indicated that 82% percent of the children did not need further professional help for stuttering for at least 1 year after therapy. Transfer and social skills activities were the most frequently used procedures by the family to manage stuttering. The use of social skills training in speech therapy may provide the proper foundation for stuttering children to become more efficient communicators.
Rapid photothermal processing as a semiconductor manufacturing technology for the 21st century

The interactions of photons below about 800 nm provide thermal effects and quantum photo-effects. The performance of rapid thermal processing (RTP) techniques can be improved manifold by exploiting the use of quantum photo-effects in thermal processing. Photo excitations of species taking part in a chemical reaction or solid-state phenomena (e.g. annealing, solid-phase epitaxy etc.) lead to reduced activation energy. The quantum photo-effects dominated RTP is called rapid photothermal processing (RPP). At lower processing temperatures (compared to RTP), semiconductor devices with better performance, reliability and yields can be processed by RPP. Manufacturing of silicon integrated circuits (ICs) with dimension as low as 20 nm feature sizes is expected to dominate the 21st century. The ultra small feature size coupled with 12 in. (may be even 18 in.) diameter wafers will force the IC manufacturers to reduce the processing temperature to the point that only RPP can provide the desired performance, reliability and yields. This new era of low processing temperature of silicon IC processing will provide new capabilities in the processing of compound semiconductors related electronic and optical devices. The low-processing temperature aspect of RPP coupled with high throughput also opens new doors for large area devices such as solar cells and flat panel displays. The major challenge is the development of commercial equipment for manufacturing of ICs, solar cells and flat panel etc.
Host function of MAK16: G1 arrest by a mak16 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The MAK16 gene was first defined as a gene whose mutation resulted in loss of M1 double-stranded RNA virus-like particles. The mak16-1 mutation also produces temperature-sensitive cell growth. We report here that mak16-1 cells arrest at the nonpermissive temperature in G1 phase, such that they are mating competent. We sequenced the MAK16 gene and found an open reading frame of 306 amino acids encoding a predicted protein of Mr 35,694. Two typical nuclear localization signal sequences were found. MAK16-LacZ fusion proteins that include one of these putative signals entered the nucleus, while unfused beta-galactosidase did not, as judged by subcellular fractionation experiments. In the C-terminal third of the MAK16 open reading frame is an acidic region in which 25 of 41 residues are either glutamate or aspartate. This region contains potential phosphorylation sites for "casein kinases," protein kinases specific for serine or threonine residues in an acidic environment.
Staphylococcal enterotoxins: A purging experience in review, Part I1

Abstracts Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative, gram-positive coccus intimately involved in a myriad of human illnesses, which include food poisoning, skin infections, life-threatening shock, and various autoimmune disorders. This pathogen produces various virulence factors, including the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and related toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), that possess superantigenic activity. The evolving literature describes at least 18 different SEs with varying amino acid sequences and common in vitro biological effects. Picomolar concentrations of these toxins activate specific Vβ-bearing T cells after binding to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The activated T cells vigorously proliferate, with a concomitant production of various proinflammatory cytokines, which in sufficient quantities elicit fever, hypotension, and lethal shock. Various in vitro and in vivo models are available for studying the SEs and TSST-1, thus providing invaluable tools for understanding how these toxins work and subsequently countering them via experimental vaccines and therapeutics. Part I of this review summarizes existing knowledge of the biological properties of staphylcoccocal superantigens, such as the SEs and TSST-1.
FSSA: a novel method for identifying functional signatures from structural alignments

Motivation: It is commonly believed that sequence determines structure, which in turn determines function. However, the presence of many proteins with the same structural fold but different functions suggests that global structure and function do not always correlate well. Results: We propose a method for accurate functional annotation, based on identification of functional signatures from structural alignments (FSSA) using the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database. The FSSA method is superior at function discrimination and classification compared with several methods that directly inherit functional annotation information from homology inference, such as Smith--Waterman, PSI-BLAST, hidden Markov models and structure comparison methods, for a large number of structural fold families. Our results indicate that the contributions of amino acid residue types and positions to structure and function are largely separable for proteins in multi-functional fold families. Availability: The FSSA software is available at http://software.compbio.washington.edu/fssa Contact: ram@compbio.washington.edu Supplementary information: http://data.compbio.washington.edu/fssa/bioinformatics_supplement
Co‐creating value through customers' experiences: the Nike case

Purpose – This case aims to demonstrate how leading firms are learning how to sustain competitive advantage by co‐creating experiences of value with customers.Design/methodology/approach – The shoe company Nike provides a glimpse of the next “best practices” of value co‐creation with customers. By engaging with informed, connected, and networked customers around the globe, Nike has found their shared experiences to be a new source of value.Findings – The paper finds that customers are now informed, connected, networked, and empowered on a scale as never before, thanks to search engines, engagement platforms, the growth of internet‐based interest groups, and widespread high‐bandwidth communication and social interaction technologies. Customers have learned how to use these new tools to make their opinions and ideas heard.Practical implications – A few leading companies like Nike are involving customers in the value creation process by offering Internet sites where they can share their interactions and expe...
TRADEOFFS BETWEEN MOTION AND STABILITY IN POSTERIOR SUBSTITUTING KNEE ARTHROPLASTY DESIGN

The purpose of this study was to examine how changes in component geometry of posterior substituting knees affect tibiofemoral kinematics and prosthesis stability. Most posterior cruciate ligament substituting prostheses rely on an articulation between a femoral cam and tibial spine to provide anterior-posterior stability of the knee. Failure of this ligament substitution mechanism has resulted in knee dislocations with several different posterior substituting designs. A computer model of a generic posterior substituting prosthesis was altered to analyze the effects of five design parameters (tibial spine height, spine anterior-posterior position, femoral component posterior radius, and femoral cam anterior-posterior and distal-proximal position) on prosthesis stability, tibiofemoral kinematics, and maximum obtainable knee flexion. Prosthesis stability was characterized by a 'dislocation safety factor', defined as the vertical distance from the bottom of the femoral cam to the top of the tibial spine. Computer simulations revealed that posterior substituting knees are most likely to dislocate at maximum knee flexion. Prosthesis stability can be improved by increasing the tibial spine height and moving the femoral cam posteriorly. Our results suggest there is a tradeoff between maximum knee flexion and prosthesis stability. We found that relatively small gains in maximum knee flexion, made through design changes, may cause substantial decreases in prosthesis stability.
Precipitation of suprathermal (100 eV) electrons by oblique whistler waves

Electron precipitation induced by oblique whistler waves is investigated using a new test particle simulation code based on gyro-averaged equations of motion. Results indicate that highly oblique waves can efficiently pitch angle scatter suprathermal electrons (10-100 eV). At L = 3, for example, in a single encounter with a wave with power density S [approximately] 8 pW/m[sup 2] and propagating at [psi] = 60[degree] with respect to the Earth magnetic field B[sub 0], average pitch angle scattering of 100 eV electrons is [approximately] 0.1[degree]. In comparison, the average scattering of energetic (100 keV) electrons by a parallel propagating wave with the same S is [approximately] 0.01[degree]. Estimates indicate that the precipitated electron energy fluxes resulting from the interaction of [approximately] 100 eV electrons with oblique waves can be up to 30 times larger than that due to the precipitation of 100 keV electrons by parallel propagating waves.
Why We Don't Know More about the Social Benefits of Moderate Drinking

The scientific literature about drinking shows that a preoccupation with the harms that occasionally befall those who drink too much or too fast is coupled with a virtual ignorance (in both senses of that term) about the benefits that more often accrue to the vast majority who are moderate drinkers. It is ironic that reviews of the subject that appear under the World Health Organization (WHO) imprint have paid almost no attention to two thirds of WHO's definition of health: “…mental and social well-being…,” while focusing overwhelmingly on the physical aspects. This imbalance is so striking that in a recent WHO-affiliated publication the authors suggested that social consequences may be “the forgotten dimension.” This, despite the fact that drinking plays very important roles in many societies with respect to such widely recognized and appreciated benefits as celebration, relaxation, sociability, enhancement of food, concretization of the social order, and time out, in addition to medical and therapeutic benefits. The time is ripe for increasing collaboration to investigate such social benefits in ways that would be of greater interest and of use to those who heretofore have neglected them.
UV resonance Raman spectroscopic detection of nitrate and nitrite in wastewater treatment processes

The 204- and 229-nm excited UV resonance Raman spectra of wastewater solutions containing sodium nitrite and nitrate were measured in the concentration range 7 μM to 3.5 mM (0.1−50 ppm nitrogen). The other chemical species present in wastewater do not interfere with Raman measurements of NO2-/NO3- bands. We observe detection limits of <14 μM (<200 ppb) for both NO2- and NO3-. UV resonance Raman spectroscopy appears to be an excellent tool for on-line monitoring of NO2-/NO3- in wastewater for the real-time control of water treatment plants.
Long term transients in MOSFET 1/f noise under switched bias conditions

Klumperink et al., have recently had a number of publications on the low frequency noise of MOSFET's under switched gate bias conditions. Since this is an important consideration in the low frequency noise in analog circuits with switching we have previously investigated the signal processing techniques used in the frequency domain. Here we investigate the time dependence of switched bias 1/f noise
Antecedents and Consequences of School Belonging: Empirical Evidence and Implications for Practices

There are number of theoretical orientations, which may account and explain students’ learning and performance outcomes in various domains of functioning. Triarchic relations between three major theoretical orientations were proposed and explored in this study. In their sequencing of predictive effects, these included: personal self-efficacy, school belonging, and academic disengagement. The proposition, in this case, stipulated both personal self-efficacy and academic disengagement as antecedent and consequence of belonging, respectively. These three variables are also conceptualized, centrally, between prior learning experience and future performance in mathematics. Two hundred and ninety 12 th grade students (152 boys and 138 girls) participated in this study. Self-rating responses of Likert-scale inventories (e.g., MSLQ) were analysed using structural equation modelling procedures. Structural analyses yielded some significant evidence, notably the impact of both personal self-efficacy beliefs and a sense of belonging on academic performance in mathematics. A positive sense of belonging to school also relates inversely to academic disengagement. Finally, consistent with Bandura’s (1986, 1997) social cognitive theory, personal self-efficacy is central to the relation between enactive learning experience and academic performance.
Neuroplasticity-Based Auditory Training Via Laptop Computer Improves Cognition in Young Individuals With Recent Onset Schizophrenia

Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, CA*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, 116A—San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, US; tel: 415-221-4810 ext. 3106, fax: 415-379-5574, e-mail: Sophia.vinogradov@ucsf.edu
Early Adolescents' Self-Reports of Major Life Stressors and Mental Health Risk Status

This study examined the relationship between elementary school-aged children's self-reports of major life stressors and symptomatology using an epidemiological survey of all fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in an inner-city school district. A sample consisting of 755 children was divided into five risk groups: (a) no risk, (b) parental divorce, (c) parental death, (d) children concerned about parental drinking, and (e) multiple risk Participants responded to questions regarding major family stressors, mental health outcomes, and potential mediators of the stress process. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant effect for risk status. In general, the parental drinking and multiple risk groups demonstrated more problems than did their no risk and parental divorce peers. There were no significant differences between the no risk and divorce groups on any of the measures. Also, the parental drinking and multiple risk groups did not differ significantly from one another.
Preclinical toxicological evaluation of sertraline hydrochloride

The toxicity profile of the antidepressant drug sertraline was determined in a series of preclinical studies in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. Acute, subchronic, reproductive, chronic and carcinogenicity studies were conducted by the oral route. The highest doses tested in these studies were the maximum tolerated doses based on clinical signs, decreased food consumption, body weight effects, organ weight changes or clinical/anatomical pathology findings. Genetic toxicity studies were also performed. The liver was identified as a target organ in the mouse, rat and dog. The observed liver findings were consistent with hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme induction and included hepatomegaly, hepatocellular hypertrophy, slightly increased serum transaminase activity and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Hepatocellular fatty change, a minimal toxic effect, was seen in mice and rats. There was no teratogenicity in studies conducted at maternally toxic doses in rats and rabbits. Decreased neonatal survival and growth observed in these studies have been previously reported in reproduction studies with other serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Sertraline was not genotoxic in an extensive battery of tests. Carcinogenicity tests were negative in rats, while benign liver tumors were slightly increased in drugtreated male mice. Liver tumors were considered secondary to the enzyme inducing potential of sertraline and not indicative of human risk.
Using nuclear accelerator technology to make intense X-rays

Electron accelerators, originally developed for nuclear and high energy physics research, have become by far the most intense infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray sources in the world. The increase in availability of these sources (there are now about 60 in operation around the world) has had a revolutionary effect on many branches of basic and applied research resulting in a major impact on science and society in developing countries as well as in technologically well-developed countries. Synchrotron radiation facilities in developing countries have produced hundreds of PhD students who did not have to leave their country, and they have attracted dozens of mid-career scientists to return to their country of origin, where they can continue to perform frontier research. In addition, scientists in these developing countries are able to use intense synchrotron radiation to address local environmental and biomedical issues and concerns. This paper presents: 1) a brief historical account of the development of synchrotron radiation sources from the first to the fourth generation; 2) a summary of the properties of synchrotron radiation; 3) an overview of synchrotron radiation facilities in developing countries; 4) a description of the UNESCO-sponsored Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) project which is constructing a regional, international third-generation synchrotron radiation research centre in the Middle East in close analogy to CERN.
A chromatin link to caste identity in the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus

In many ant species, sibling larvae follow alternative ontogenetic trajectories that generate striking variation in morphology and behavior among adults. These organism-level outcomes are often determined by environmental rather than genetic factors. Therefore, epigenetic mechanisms may mediate the expression of adult polyphenisms. We produced the first genome-wide maps of chromatin structure in a eusocial insect and found that gene-proximal changes in histone modifications, notably H3K27 acetylation, discriminate two female worker and male castes in Camponotus floridanus ants and partially explain differential gene expression between castes. Genes showing coordinated changes in H3K27ac and RNA implicate muscle development, neuronal regulation, and sensory responses in modulating caste identity. Binding sites of the acetyltransferase CBP harbor the greatest caste variation in H3K27ac, are enriched with motifs for conserved transcription factors, and show evolutionary expansion near developmental and neuronal genes. These results suggest that environmental effects on caste identity may be mediated by differential recruitment of CBP to chromatin. We propose that epigenetic mechanisms that modify chromatin structure may help orchestrate the generation and maintenance of polyphenic caste morphology and social behavior in ants.
Specificity of Effector T Lymphocytes in Autologous Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Invariant Chain Peptide

Administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine after autologous bone marrow transplantation induces a systemic autoimmune syndrome resembling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This syndrome termed autologous GVHD has significant antitumor activity. Associated with autologous GVHD is the development of T lymphocytes that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II determinants, including self. The present studies attempted to characterize and define the molecular specificity of the effector T lymphocytes in autologous GVHD induced in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The results suggest that the effector cells associated with human autologous GVHD are CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing the alpha/beta T-cell receptor. Additional studies show that the effector T cells recognize MHC class II antigens in association with a peptide from the invariant chain (CLIP). Pretreatment of autologous lymphoblast target cells with anti-CLIP antibody completely blocked lysis mediated by autologous GVHD effector T cells. On the other hand, force loading this peptide markedly enhanced the susceptibility of the target cells to recognition by the autoreactive T cells. The recognition of the MHC class II CLIP complex may account for the novel specificity of the effector T cells associated with human autologous GVHD. Moreover, identification of the target peptide may allow for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies to enhance the antitumor efficacy of autologous GVHD.
The Basics of Relational Databases Using MySQL

Going beyond a simple database table, a relational database fits more complicated systems by relating information from two or more database tables. This paper will use MySQL to develop a basic appreciation of relational databases including user administration, database design, and SQL syntax. It will lead the reader in downloading and installing MySQL, planning a database, building that database, adding data to the database, and some simple manipulation of that data.
Modeled historical land use and land cover for the conterminous United States

ABSTRACTThe landscape of the conterminous United States has changed dramatically over the last 200 years, with agricultural land use, urban expansion, forestry, and other anthropogenic activities altering land cover across vast swaths of the country. While land use and land cover (LULC) models have been developed to model potential future LULC change, few efforts have focused on recreating historical landscapes. Researchers at the US Geological Survey have used a wide range of historical data sources and a spatially explicit modeling framework to model spatially explicit historical LULC change in the conterminous United States from 1992 back to 1938. Annual LULC maps were produced at 250-m resolution, with 14 LULC classes. Assessment of model results showed good agreement with trends and spatial patterns in historical data sources such as the Census of Agriculture and historical housing density data, although comparison with historical data is complicated by definitional and methodological differences. Th...
Cell autonomous and nonautonomous requirements for Delltalike1 during early mouse retinal neurogenesis.

Background In the vertebrate retina, six neuronal and one glial cell class are produced from a common progenitor pool. During neurogenesis, adjacent retinal cells use Notch signaling to maintain a pool of progenitors by blocking particular cells from differentiating prematurely. In mice there are multiple Notch pathway ligands and receptors, but the role(s) of each paralogue during retinal histogenesis remains only partially defined. Results Here we analyzed the cell autonomous and nonautonomous requirements for the Deltalike1(Dll1) ligand during prenatal retinogenesis. We used the α-Cre driver to simultaneously delete a Dll1 conditional allele and activate the Z/EG reporter, then quantified Dll1 mutant phenotypes within and outside of this α-Cre GFP-marked lineage. We found that Dll1 activity is required for Hes1 expression, both autonomously and nonautonomously, but were surprised that retinal ganglion cell differentiation is only blocked cell autonomously. Moreover, Dll1 does not act during cone photoreceptor neurogenesis. Finally, Dll1 mutant adult retinas contained small retinal rosettes and RGC patterning defects but were otherwise normal. Conclusions Although Dll1 participates in bidirectional (cis + trans) Notch signaling to regulate Hes1 expression, it only acts cell autonomously (in cis) to interpret inhibitory signals from other cells that block RGC neurogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 245:631-640, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Questionnaire Study: Teaching of Social Medicine in Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities

(1941). A Questionnaire Study: Teaching of Social Medicine in Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 345-345.
Demonstration of Single-Photon Three-Qubit Quantum Logic with Spatial Light Modulators

We experimentally demonstrate linear, deterministic, single-photon three-qubit quantum gates implemented by a spatial light modulator and using polarization and spatial-parity qubits. We also prepare single-photon three-qubit GHZ and W states and present tomographic measurements.
Extracellular Factors, Blood Group Antigens, and Bacteriophage of Nephritogenic and Nonnephritogenic Strains of M-Type 12 Streptococci

Strains of M-type 12 streptococci from 18 patients with acute glomerulonephritis and 18 patients with uncomplicated pharyngitis were analyzed for in vitro production of streptolysin O, diphosphopyridine nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, streptokinase, streptolysin S, proteinase, hyaluronic acid, and fibrinogen-precipitating factor. In addition, relations to blood group antigens, lysogeny, and susceptibility to bacteriophage were determined. No significant differences were found between strains from nephritic and nonnephritic patients. By not indicating a role in the pathogenesis of poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis for any of the factors studied, these observations diminish the probability that these factors are of specific importance in this disease and thus direct our attention elsewhere.
Access to Justice: Reducing the Implicit Pushback Burden on Working-Class Pro Se Plaintiffs in Employment Law Cases

This Note applies social identity threat literature to the legal context in order to improve access to justice. Social identity threat literature indicates that stereotypes, associations, and similar methods center environments on particular identities. Social identity threat occurs when an individual who does not have the centered identity enters the environment, implicitly perceives marginalization, and thereby experiences psycho-physiological effects that burden engagement. Social identity threat, as it applies to litigants of marginalized identities inside the courtroom, is termed the “implicit pushback burden” because the social identity threat implicitly repels or pushes the individual back from the courtroom and its proceedings. While this burden may limit access to justice for people of various identities, this Note explains how it affects working-class pro se plaintiffs in employment law cases. The limited amount of literature concerning social identity threat as it applies to the legal context and the working-class identity makes drawing solutions difficult. Still, this Note provides an overview of solutions outlined in the most relevant literature, and suggests how those solutions may be applied in the courtroom.
Severe flank pain in an intravenous user of cocaine.

(1991). Severe Flank Pain in an Intravenous User of Cocaine. Hospital Practice: Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 91-97.
Rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal actor-partner effects in adolescent romantic relationships.

The present study utilizes the actor-partner interdependence model to examine the longitudinal relationship between rejection sensitivity and one's own and one's partner's depressive symptoms. The sample included adolescent romantic couples from the U.S. (N = 198 adolescents; 50% girls; 90.2% Caucasian) whose rejection sensitivity at Time 1 and depressive symptoms approximately one year later (Time 2) were assessed. Additionally, aggressive behaviors and maintenance behaviors that commonly associated with rejection sensitivity (e.g., self-silencing) are explored as mediators. Results indicate that boyfriends' rejection sensitivity at Time 1 predicted girlfriends' depressive symptoms at Time 2. Additionally, girls' rejection sensitivity predicted their own and their boyfriends' self-silencing. Developmental and clinical implications are discussed.
DT-MRI of Central Nervous System: Clinical Applications

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) represents a relatively novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in which image contrast is related to differences in translational motion of water molecules within the tissue, rather than to differences in total water content. The rate of water motion is characterized by the apparent diffusion coefficient. In addition, full tensor DWI (diffusion tensor imaging, DT-MRI) samples the full diffusion tensor and therefore allows estimation of isotropic and anisotropic diffusion. The degree of anisotropic diffusion is thought to be determined by the local tissue characteristics or tissue architecture and can be quantified by DT-MRI. DWI has proven its clinical effectiveness in the early detection of acute cerebral ischemia. Multiple reports have discussed the value of DWI in a wide variety of other diseases of the central nervous system. DT-MRI appears to be especially promising in the evaluation of diseases that affect the integrity of white matter, in particular of white matter tracts. Herein, the current applications of DWI in clinical neurology are reviewed, with special attention to applications of DT-MRI.
Moyamoya Disease and Hemiplegic Migraine

A 6-year-old girl presenting with a 6-month history of classical familial migraine, complicated by transitory hemiparesis and moyamoya disease diagnosed by MRI, is reported from the Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Hayward, CA.
Does HFE Genotype Impact Macrophage Phenotype in Disease Process and Therapeutic Response

Iron is a critical cofactor involved in many important physiological processes throughout the human body. Therefore, mismanagement of iron can lead to numerous unfavorable effects, such as the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species during iron overload. Iron mismanagement is also a key component of multiple neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. One way in which iron overload occurs is through a mutation within the HFE, high iron, gene. However, the mechanism by which HFE effects these diseases has yet to be elucidated. In this review, we consider how the HFE genotype may influence the role of macrophages and microglia (the resident macrophage of the brain) in neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Macrophages appear to redistribute their iron to parenchymal cells when an HFE mutation is present, resulting in increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer through macrophage mishandling of iron.
Metabolic Engineering of Cyanobacteria for Direct Conversion of CO2 to Hydrocarbon Biofuels

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthesizers like plant and algae and hence can capture CO2 via the Calvin cycle and convert it to a suite of organic compounds. They are Gram-negative bacteria and are well suited for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches for the phototrophic production of various desirable biomolecules, including ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, and hydrocarbon biofuels. Phototrophic biosynthesis of high-density liquid biofuels in cyanobacteria would serve as a good complement to the microbial production of biodiesel and hydrocarbons in heterotrophic bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Two groups of hydrocarbon biofuels that are being considered in microbial production systems are alkanes and isoprenoids. Alkanes of defined chain lengths can be used as drop-in fuel similar to gasoline and jet fuel. Many cyanobacteria synthesize alkanes, albeit in minute quantities. Optimizing the expression of the alkane biosynthesis genes and enhancing the carbon flux through the fatty acid and alkane biosynthesis pathways should lead to the accumulation and/or secretion of notable amounts of alkanes. It also becomes important to understand how to control the chain lengths of the produced alkane molecules. Isoprenoids, e.g., the monoterpene pinene and the sesquiterpene farnesene, are considered precursors for future biodiesel or next-generation jet fuel. Cyanobacteria produce carotenoids and extending the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways by the introduction of constructs for appropriate terpene synthases should allow the biosynthesis of selected mono- and sesquiterpenes.
Unsuccessful treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with dalbavancin

SummaryWhat is known and objective Limited evidence describes dalbavancin use in infective endocarditis (IE). Case description A 27-year-old pregnant female received 4 weeks of dalbavancin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia and tricuspid valve IE after conventional therapy was no longer an option due to non-compliance. Despite having a smaller cardiac vegetation following dalbavancin, she was bacteraemic <2 weeks later with vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and telavancin-non-susceptible S. aureus. What is new and conclusion This is the first report of unsuccessful IE treatment with dalbavancin. Blood cultures grew VISA and lipoglycopeptide-non-susceptible S. aureus <2 weeks following dalbavancin. Both outcomes raise concerns about using dalbavancin for IE.
How the Guard was Changed (Continued)

The paradox of the 1958 party conference, i.e., the adoption of the first draft of the new program and the withdrawal of confidence in the leadership responsible for it, can be documented and explained by returning to the minutes of the postwar conferences. At any party conference, proposals and comments reveal a certain amount of dissatisfaction with the Apparat. This is sometimes directed at the whole party machine, sometimes at the leadership itself. At the outset of the postwar period, this was probably no more than the normal impatience experienced by anyone who deals with a bureaucracy. In retrospect, however, it is possible to discern a gradual increase in this discontent over the period in question.
Corn (Zea mays L.) Response to Hybrid, Row Spacing, and Plant Populations in the Blacklands of Central Texas

Field studies were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in central Texas near Taylor (30.5326o N; 97.4548o W) to determine the effect of hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations on corn growth and yield. Two corn hybrids (BH 8844 and BH 8900) were compared at 53,000, 62,000, and 71,000 plants ha-1 planted one row on a single bed or twin rows (spaced approximately 20 cm apart) on a single bed. Plant counts were taken 4 to 6 wk after planting while ear height measurements were taken approximately four wk prior to corn harvest. Crop yield was determined by harvesting all eight rows of each plot with a combine. Weights were adjusted to 12% moisture. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design with corn hybrid (2), row spacing (2), and seeding rates (3) as factors. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM with SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) and treatment means separated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test at P = 0.05. Plant height was not affected by plant populations or row spacing as only hybrid response was significant with BH 8900 being taller in both years. Row spacing affected ear height in one of two years with the twin row spacing having a taller ear placement in the dryer year. No differences were seen with ear placement with respect to plant populations. In the dry year, yield of BH 8844 decreased as plant populations increased; however, no differences were noted with BH 8900. In the wet year, the inverse was seen with increased yield with higher populations with both hybrids. The twin row system increased BH 8900 yield in 2013. In 2014, with BH 8844, the single row system outyielded twin row and no differences noted with BH 8900. The results were quite variable and this was due in part to rainfall events in the two years. Plant and ear height was influenced by hybrid while yield response was somewhat affected by population and row spacing. A hybrid x row width response was noted indicating that certain hybrids will respond to row spacing more than others.
The intravesical phallus in patients with cloacal exstrophy: An embryologic conundrum.

Summary Background Phalluses present inside the extrophied bladder of cloacal exstrophy (CE) newborns have been sporadically reported in the literature; this clinical entity has largely unknown origins and may represent an extremely rare anomaly of CE. Objective Along with nearly doubling the number of reported intravesical phalluses in the literature, this study aims to outline the common anatomic features and discuss the implications for theories of CE embryogenesis. Study design The authors retrospectively identified patients with CE and a potential intravesical phallus between 1997 and 2017 at two high-volume centers. Information was obtained about karyotype, age at closure, neurologic and renal anomalies, diastasis, phallus anatomy, and phallus biopsy pathology. Results Six genotypic males met the inclusion criteria. Five of six had a diastasis greater than 6 cm. Four of six had paired corporal bodies in the intravesical phallus, one had a single corporal body, and one had a corporal-like structure. Five of six patients had a phallus located midline in the caudal aspect of the bladder; one was located midline in the bladder dome. Phallic biopsies were obtained in three of six patients. Two showed glanular and corporal tissue while the other showed vascular proliferation morphologically similar to that of erectile tissue. Discussion Previous reports suggested that a superior vesicle fissure configuration, fusion of the corporal bodies, and fused bladder plates were common findings with an intravesical phallus. With the addition of new cases, the only consistent variable between patients is a phallus located anywhere along the bladder plate that can comprise a corporal-like structure, a single corporal body, or fused corporal bodies. These findings have implications for several embryologic theories. Although this is a retrospective review with a limited number of patients, the condition is exceedingly infrequent making it only observable retrospectively over decades at high volume centers. Conclusions The study outlined common anatomic features of the intravesical phallus in cloacal exstrophy and discussed the subsequent embryologic implications. In cloacal exstrophy newborns with presumed aphallia, meticulous inspection of the bladder plate and biopsy of any potential phallic structures can prevent resection of phallic tissue. Download : Download high-res image (120KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . The phallus-like structure (green arrow) located midline at the level of the trigone in a 14-month-old genetic XY male with cloacal exstrophy who had undergone a tethered cord repair, an omphalocele repair, and a colostomy fecal diversion. (For interpretation of the references to color/colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Asthma and Allergy as Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior among Young Adults.

An association between allergic disease, depression and suicidality has been reported. Objective: To explore the relationships between suicidality and asthma, allergy, internet addiction, stress, s...
The use of high-throughput synthesis and purification in the preparation of a directed library of adrenergic agents

A library of potential agonists and antagonists for adrenergic receptors was prepared using high-throughput solution-phase parallel synthesis. Traditional solution-phase reductive amination reactions followed by rapid purification by ion exchange chromatography yielded products with near-analytical purity. An array of ketones and amines, arranged in an 8 × 12 matrix, were combined to form 96 individual compounds.
Detailed Mapping of Tide-Gauge Records in Specific Regions

The broadest view of changes in relative sea levels or land levels is given by histograms based on all tide-gauge records of 10 or more years’ duration. One such histogram (Fig. 37) is an update and modification of the insert at the lower left of Figure 35 and contains more than twice as many tide-gauge records. Note that the modal change of relative sea level is a rise of approximately +1.0 mm/y. and that rises and falls occur in both hemispheres. Hemispheric relationships are clearer in Figure 38A, which shows far more tide-gauge records in the north than the south. This latitudinal distribution is the reverse of the distribution of ocean area, but it accords with the distribution of large seafaring industrial nations of the world. Moreover, the fall of relative sea level (rise of land) is mainly but not solely caused by removal of crustal loads by melting of glaciers. Many stations that show rise of relative sea level are at low latitudes where they probably are the result of tectonic uplift (mainly faults, folds, volcanoes) as well as rise in the ocean level.
Feedback Stabilization of Distributive Systems with Applications to Plasma Stabilization

Theories for the feedback stabilization and control of dynamical systems with finite degrees of freedom have been extensively developed. The extension of some of these theories to systems with infinite degrees of freedom has been made only recently [1–2]. In the area of plasma stabilization, most studies have been associated with various thermonuclear plasma confinement schemes involving static magnetic field configurations or specified forms of high-frequency electromagnetic fields [3–6]. Recently, attempts have been made in using feedback to suppress certain forms of plasma oscillations [7–11] and to stabilize the unstable equilibria of hydromagnetic systems [12]. An important advantage of this approach is that the undesirable effects of system parameter variations may be reduced with the proper introduction of feedback and thereby relaxing the required tolerances in the system components such as the confining magnetic field structures. Further studies in this approach may lead to alternate practical means of plasma stabilization.
Anaerobic bacteria in suppurative genitourinary infections.

AbstractBacterial growth was obtained from specimens of 55 male and 48 female patients with localized suppurative genitourinary tract infections. The 55 male patients had abscesses of the genitalia (15), scrotal cyst (3), penis (7), testis (6), prostate (3), kidney (4), perinephric area (2) and periurethral area (4), wounds of the scrotum (3) and penis (6), and infected hydrocele (2). The 48 female patients had abscesses of Bartholin’s cyst (26), vulva (4), vagina (4), labial cyst (2), kidney (2), perinephric area (1), periurethral area (3) and bladder (2), and a labial wound (4). Anaerobic bacteria only were present in 34 specimens (33 per cent), aerobic bacteria only in 7 (7 per cent), and mixed aerobic and anerobic flora in 62 (60 per cent). A total of 275 isolates (189 anaerobic and 86 aerobic) was recovered, for an average of 2.6 isolates per specimen (1.8 anaerobes and 0.8 aerobes). The predominant anaerobes recovered were Bacteroides species (103 isolates) and anaerobic cocci (54). The most frequen...