cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial purification of the Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase activator from human erythrocytes: its similarity to the activator of 3':5' - cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

Summary The Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ ATPase activator from human erythrocyte ghosts was purified 475 fold by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. SDS-gel electrophoresis showed the predominance of a protein of molecular weight about 18,000, whose properties resembled those of the Ca 2+ -dependent activator of 3′:5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (Watterson et al., J. Biol. Chem. 251:4501–4513, 1976). Comparison of the purified ATPase activator with pure bovine brain phosphodiesterase activator showed that both stimulated the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ ATPase and that the bovine brain activator co-electrophoresed with the predominant protein in the purified ATPase activator. These results suggest that the ATPase activator is closely related to Ca 2+ binding proteins from a number of sources, and to skeletal muscle troponin-C as well.
Single gene variants in risk and protection: a new view on the genetic etiology of Parkinson’s disease

“Originally thought of as the archetypal sporadic disease, Parkinson’s disease has experienced a paradigm shift, with genetic insights now being the overwhelming driving force behind functional and therapeutic avenues of research.”
Comment on the orbital relaxation

We have determined theoretically the orbital viscosity coefficient, which governs the damping of l vector motion in superfluid 3He-A. At the transition temperature our result agrees with the Cross-Anderson theory, if we identify the τ in their viscosity coefficient with the normal state quasi particle lifetime at Tc. Immediately below Tc there are significant corrections to the Cross-Anderson result. At low temperatures the orbital viscosity diverges like (Δ/T).
Sol-gel encapsulated horseradish peroxidase: a catalytic material for peroxidation

This study addresses the viability of sol−gel encapsulated HRP (HRP:sol−gel) as a recyclable solid-state catalytic material. Ferric, ferric-CN, ferrous, and ferrous-CO forms of HRP:sol−gel were investigated by resonance Raman and UV−visible methods. Electronic and vibrational spectroscopic changes associated with changes in spin state, oxidation state, and ligation of the heme in HRP:sol−gel were shown to correlate with those of HRP in solution, showing that the heme remains a viable ligand-binding complex. Furthermore, the high-valent HRP:sol−gel intermediates, compound I and compound II, were generated and identified by time-resolved UV−visible spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of the HRP:sol−gel material was demonstrated by enzymatic assays by using I-, guaiacol, and ABTS as substrates. Encapsulated HRP was shown to be homogeneously distributed throughout the sol−gel host. Differences in turnover rates between guaiacol and I- implicate mass transport of substrate through the silicate matrix as a definin...
Effect of γ' content on the mechanical behavior of the waspaloy alloy system

Abstract This article presents the research results of the effects of alloy chemistry, cooling rate and solution temperature on mechanical behavior, especially for the fatigue-crack growth of the WASPALOY alloy system. It is indicated that tensile strengths, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, increase with increasing Al+Ti content in the alloys. The solution temperature had almost no effect on the tensile properties of WASPALOY. Cooling rate showed almost no effect on the tensile properties of WASPALOY, but for the alloys with a higher Al+Ti content, the yield strength of the alloys was improved with increasing cooling rate. The increase in precipitation content tremendously improved the stress rupture life of the alloys. The fatigue-crack resistance of the alloys can be improved by increasing the strengthening precipitate volume fraction, in spite of the variation of the cooling rate. The crack growth rates were time-dependent, as expected. The growth rate increased with decreasing loading frequency. However, a higher precipitate content showed a lower time dependence.
The Membrane Topology of the Rat Sarcoplasmic and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPases by in Vitro Translation Scanning

Abstract The membrane topology of the rat endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca ATPases were investigated using in vitro transcription/translation of fusion vectors containing DNA sequences encoding putative membrane-spanning domains. The sequences of these Ca ATPases are identical except for the COOH-terminal end, which contains an additional predicted transmembrane segment in the ER ATPase. The MO and M1 fusion vectors (Bamberg, K., and Sachs, G.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16909-16919) encode the NH-terminal 101 (MO vector) or 139 (M1 vector) amino acids of the H,K-ATPase α subunit followed by a linker region for insertion of putative transmembrane sequences and, finally, the COOH-terminal 177 amino acids of the H,K-ATPase β subunit containing five N-linked glycosylation consensus sequences. The linker region was replaced by the putative transmembrane domains of the Ca ATPases, either individually or in pairs. Transcription and translation were performed using [S]methionine in a reticulocyte lysate system in the absence or presence of canine pancreatic microsomes. The translated fusion protein was identified by autoradiography following separation using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When testing single transmembrane segments, this method detects signal anchor activity with M0 or stop transfer activity with M1. The first four predicted SERCA transmembrane domains acted as both signal anchor and stop transfer sequences. A construct containing the fifth predicted transmembrane segment was able to act only as a stop transfer sequence. The sixth transmembrane segment did not insert cotranslationally into the membrane. The seventh was able to act as both a signal anchor and stop transfer sequence, and the eighth showed stop transfer ability in the M1 vector. The ninth transmembrane segment had both signal anchor and stop transfer capacity, whereas the tenth transmembrane segment showed only stop transfer sequence properties. The eleventh transmembrane sequence, unique to the ER Ca ATPase, had both signal anchor and stop transfer properties. These translation data provide direct experimental evidence for 8 or 9 of the 10 or 11 predicted transmembrane sequences in the current topological models for the SR or ER Ca ATPases, respectively.
Follicular activity and concentrations of FSH and LH associated with senescence in mares

The nature of reproductive senescence was studied during the expected ovulatory season in pony mares by transrectal ultrasonic monitoring of the ovaries and assay of circulating concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Old mares (⩾20 years) were less likely (P<0.005) to ovulate at regular intervals than younger mares as indicated by the number of mares with two consecutive interovulatory intervals (IOI; 5–7 years, 9/9; 15–19 years, 10/10; ⩾20 years, 8/16). In addition, a central area of nonechogenic fluid (unknown source) was detected at the ovulatory site in more (P<0.005) ovulations in old mares than in younger mares (5–7 years, 1/91; 15–19 years, 4/78; ⩾20 years, 10/68). Old mares were grouped as follows: (1) normal length of the follicular phase (interval from luteolysis to ovulation) of the IOI (n=9); (2) elongated follicular phase (>2 SD from the mean of all mares with an IOI) (n=2); (3) one ovulation in 80 days (n=2); and (4) no ovulations or follicles ⩾5 mm in 60 days (n=3). Mares with an IOI but with an elongated, compared with a normal length of the follicular phase, had fewer follicles per ovulatory wave (1.5 ± 0.5, 3.1 ± 0.3, P< 0.05), a longer IOI (30.0 ± 1.0, 25.8 ± 0.6 days, P < 0.01), a longer interval from administration of a luteolytic dose of PGF2α to ovulation (29.5 ±8.5, 15.8 ± 0.9 days, P < 0.02), and higher mean concentrations of FSH (13.0 ± 3.4, 3.3 ± 0.6 ng ml−1, P < 0.001) and LH (18.5 ± 5.3, 7.6 ± 1.5 ng ml−1, P < 0.02) during the follicular phase. Mean concentrations of FSH, LH and progesterone during the luteal phase were not different among ovulating mares; however, during the follicular phase, concentrations of FSH and LH were significantly different among groups with the lowest mean concentrations occurring in mares with a follicular phase of normal length. Mean concentrations of FSH for mares that did not ovulate were higher (P<0.05) than for the 3 days encompassing ovulation in the mares with an IOI and tended to be higher (P<0.08) than during the 3 days prior to luteolysis (period of maximal FSH concentrations). Results indicated that ovarian senescence in these mares involved the following progression: lengthening of the follicular phase, sporadically occurring ovulations, and a final state of persistent follicular inactivity (follicles ≤5 mm). Ovarian senescence was accompanied by elevated circulating concentrations of gonadotropins.
Faunal colonization of artificial seagrass plots: The importance of surface area versus space size relative to body size

An index of structural habitat complexity was devised: the average inter-structural space size within a habitat/the width of the prey organism of concern (Sp/Py). Prey survivorship should be low at Sp/Py<1 as the prey will be effectively excluded from using the habitat as refuge (they cannot maneuver through the spaces). At Sp/Py near to 1, survivorship should be high, as the spaces within the habitat are ideal for the prey and their predators are excluded (assuming they are larger than the prey). As Sp/Py increases, prey survivorship should drop rapidly until reaching a lower plateau where no predators are excluded by the structure. Sp/Py is dimensionless, and is potentially applicable across different scales and habitat types. Some of the predictions of this model were tested using artificial seagrass plots deployed in a seagrass bed in the York River, Virginia. The plots had 5 different structural treatments: control (a base with no ribbon), low, medium and high densities, as well as a heterogeneous treatment (composed of 1/3 low, medium and high density in a single treatment). The abundance of 2 mobile fauna size classes (<3.5 mm width and 3.5 to 9.5 mm width) and total species richness were compared among the different density treatments. The abundance of the smaller fauna increased with increasing density, and this response was proportional to the total surface area of the plots. The small fauna apparently did not respond to the smaller, ideal space sizes associated with the higher density plots. The larger fauna responded to the treatments as well, with the highest abundances occurring in the heterogeneous and high density treatments. The larger fauna did not respond to the structure proportional to the surface area within the plots, and its is possible that they responded to the inter-structural space sizes appropriate to their body sizes, although the results do not clearly support this conclusion. The different treatments did not affect species richness when the effect of total abundance on richness was controlled.
The Bieberbach Conjecture and Milin's Functionals

(1999). The Bieberbach Conjecture and Milin's Functionals. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 3, pp. 203-214.
Accuracy of single- and two-feed test weighing in assessing 24 h breast milk production

Abstract The breast milk intake at a single feed (one-feed method) or the mean intake at two feeds (two-feed method) multiplied by the number of feeds per day was compared with the results of test weighing at every feed during a 24 h period. Six subjects were followed longitudinally from days 1–9 and 21–56 postpartum and the data analyzed by linear regression. There was a reasonable relationship between the mean values for milk intake obtained from the one- and two-feed methods and the 24 h test weights between days 3 and 9 of lactation. However, there was no relationship in full lactation (days 21–56). During both time periods, individual values for the one- and two-feed methods were associated with a large unsystematic error. The one- and two-feed methods may be useful only in situations where mean milk intake for a large population is desired and 24 h test weighing is not possible.
Complications Associated with Generator Replacement in Response to Device Advisories

Introduction: Device recalls create problems for patients and physicians, for the risks associated with replacement may be greater than the device failure rate. In 2005, Medtronic, Guidant, and St. Jude had implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recalls on several of their devices. There were no national standards to guide physicians on the management of such patients. We report the reasons for and outcomes of ICD and pacemaker generator changes from our practice resulting from these advisories. Methods and Results: After an advisory was issued, the patients with an affected device were contacted, evaluated in the office by one of the electrophysiologists in our group, and a management plan was determined. Two hundred and twenty-two of 1,039 (Medtronic 273, Guidant 766) (21.4%) patients with advisory devices underwent device replacement. Nine minor complications occurred: hematoma managed conservatively (n = 6); local discomfort (n = 1); and incisional infections treated successfully with oral antibiotics (n = 2). Major complications occurred in nine patients (4.1%). Four atrial leads were damaged, two of which were repaired, one during the same procedure and the other at a later date. One patient required a reoperation to tighten a loose ventricular lead set screw. Hematoma requiring evacuation occurred in one patient, and pocket revision was necessary in two patients secondary to severe discomfort due to the positioning of the device in the pocket. One patient had a cerebrovascular accident preoperatively. There were no perioperative deaths or infections requiring system removal. Conclusion: Even with experienced operators complications can occur when replacing generators for a device recall. Careful risk assessment for each individual patient should be performed and efforts made to minimize generator changes.
Inhibitors of sterol synthesis: effects of a 7α-alkyl analog of 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in cultured mammalian cells and on serum cholesterol levels and other parameters in rats

Abstract The 7α-methyl analog (II) of 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (I) was prepared by chemical synthesis and evaluated with respect to its effects on HMG-CoA reductase activity in CHO-K1 cells and on serum cholesterol levels in rats. The 7α-methyl substitution had no detectable effect on the potency of I in lowering HMG-CoA reductase activity in the cultured cells. In contrast, the 7α-methyl substitution had a marked effect on the action of I in the suppression of food consumption in rats. Whereas II was less potent than I in lowering serum cholesterol levels in rats, it did so at dosage levels at which only slight or moderate effects on food consumption were observed. Full 1 H and 13 C-NMR assignments for II and intermediates in its synthesis have been presented. Conformational analysis, based on 1 H- 1 H coupling constants, NMR shieldings and force-field calculations, indicated that the 7α-methyl substitution had virtually no effect on the conformation of the 15-ketosterol apart from minor distortions of ring B.
Molecular cloning and sequence of cDNA encoding the pyrophosphate-energized vacuolar membrane proton pump of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract The energy-dependent transport of solutes across the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) of plant cells is driven by two H+ pumps: a vacuolar ("V-type") H(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) and a H(+)-translocating (pyrophosphate-energized) inorganic pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1). The H(+)-PPase, like the V-type H(+)-ATPase, is abundant and ubiquitous in the vacuolar membranes of plant cells, and both enzymes make a substantial contribution to the transtonoplast H(+)-electrochemical potential difference. Here, we report the cloning and sequence of cDNAs encoding the tonoplast H(+)-PPase of Arabidopsis thaliana. The protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs is constituted of 770 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 80,800. It is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein, and the structure derived from hydrophilicity plots contains at least 13 transmembrane spans. Since the tonoplast H(+)-PPase appears to be constituted of one polypeptide species and genomic Southern analyses indicate that the gene encoding the Mr 80,800 polypeptide is present in only a single copy in the genome of Arabidopsis, it is suggested that the H(+)-PPase has been cloned in its entirety. The lack of sequence identities between the tonoplast H(+)-PPase and any other characterized H+ pump or PPi-dependent enzyme implies a different evolutionary origin for this translocase.
Drying and substrate concentrations interact to inhibit decomposition of carbon substrates added to combusted Inceptisols from a boreal forest

Climate change is expected to alter the mechanisms controlling soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization. Under climate change, soil warming and drying could affect the enzymatic mechanisms that control SOM turnover and dependence on substrate concentration. Here, we used a greenhouse climate manipulation in a mature boreal forest soil to test two specific hypotheses: (1) Rates of decomposition decline at lower substrate concentrations, and (2) reductions in soil moisture disproportionately constrain the degradation of low-concentration substrates. Using constructed soil cores, we measured decomposition rates of two polymeric substrates, starch and cellulose, as well as enzyme activities associated with degradation of these substrates. The greenhouse manipulation increased temperature by 0.8 °C and reduced moisture in the constructed cores by up to 90 %. We rejected our first hypothesis, as the rate of starch decomposition did not decrease with declining starch concentration under control conditions, but we did find support for hypothesis two: Drying led to lower decomposition rates for low-concentration starch. We observed a threefold reduction in soil respiration rates in bulk soils in the greenhouses over a 4-month period, but the C losses from the constructed cores did not vary among our treatments. Activities of enzymes that degrade cellulose and starch were elevated in the greenhouse treatments, which may have compensated for moisture constraints on the degradation of the common substrate (i.e., cellulose) in our constructed cores. This study confirms that substrate decomposition can be concentration-dependent and suggests that climate change effects on soil moisture could reduce rates of decomposition in well-drained boreal forest soils lacking permafrost.
Classification of Multidimensional Data under Time Constraints: Evaluating Digital and Configural Display Representations

The purpose of this research was to evaluate differences in processing ability between integral and separable representations of process control data under conditions of time constraints. Subjects were trained as “operators” to identify system states and subsequently participated in time constrained (100%, 50% and 25% paced) sessions. Findings revealed that operators in both display conditions were able to respond significantly faster (while maintaining fairly high degrees of accuracy) under 100% and 50% time constrained conditions than in self-paced conditions. Classification accuracy suffered more for the separable than the integral display during the 25% paced condition.
Mechanisms and significance of proteinuria

Summary: Glomerular permselectivity is determined by complex interactions of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and the endothelial and epithelial cells of the glomerular capillary wall. Proteinuria may result acutely from functional changes in filtration, and be quickly reversible. Chronic structural changes may also contribute to proteinuria in many disease settings by affecting the components of the glomerular capillary wall (GCW). Thus, glomerular epithelial cell abnormalities are prominent in both minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, whereas altered GBM thickness and composition are major features in diabetic nephropathy and Alport syndrome. A multitude of pathologic stimuli appear to influence proteinuria, including the renin-angiotensin system and numerous other cytokines. Human and experimental data indicate a heterogeneity of mechanisms in different diseases manifesting proteinuria which are associated with a range of structural appearances from normal morphology to a severely damaged GCW. Current therapeutic trials in progressive human renal diseases have focused on the potential benefits of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Encouraging results indicate amelioration of both functional and structural components of proteinuria, as well as a benefit on sclerosis, although the latter effect has so far only been documented in animal studies. Advances in molecular technologies may allow identification of more specific abnormalities in the GCW which underlie proteinuria. Further understanding of these abnormalities will direct future therapy at the specific defect in each disease setting.
An in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR investigation of photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol on a TiO2 powder surface

Abstract An in situ FTIR technique has been employed to probe the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) on TiO2 particles in a gas/solid system. The chemisorbed 4-CP adsorbed on the TiO2 surface corresponds to a monolayer. The reaction has been followed under a number of conditions in order to investigate the roles of oxygen and water in the mechanism of 4-CP degradation. The rate of 4-CP disappearance was greatest under an oxygen atmosphere saturated with water and with UV irradiation. Under these conditions hydroquinone (HQ) was observed as a primary reaction intermediate and carbonates as the final product. Transformation of 4-CP to HQ was seen to occur under a variety of reaction conditions (i.e. O2/UV, N2/H2O/UV), but HQ degradation took place only in the presence of oxygen and UV irradiation. These results illustrate that the interactions of 4-CP at the semiconductor surface are complex and suggest that oxygen is intrinsically involved in the degradation reactions.
Precursors of hexoneogenesis within the human mammary gland.

The human mammary gland is capable of de novo synthesis of glucose and galactose (hexoneogenesis); however, the carbon source is incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ...
The cholangiocyte marker, BD. 1, forms a stable complex with CLIP170 and shares an identity with eIF3a, a multifunctional subunit of the eIF3 initiation complex.

Abstract We have previously described the generation of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a novel cholangiocyte marker, designated BD.1, that is expressed by fetal and adult rat cholangiocytes but not hepatocytes or the hepatic progenitor cells known as oval cells. In the present report, we have undertaken a comprehensive examination of BD.1 expressed by long-term cultures of bile duct epithelial cells (BDEC) and prostate epithelial cells (PEC). We show that with continued passage, the levels of BD.1 expressed by BDEC and PEC drop significantly, a decrease that is temporally associated with transition from a diploid to an aneuploid karyotype. Cell cycle analysis revealed cell cycle dependent expression of BD.1 characterized by decreased BD.1 levels within the first 10 h after release from serum starvation followed by reacquisition as cells entered S phase. MAb BD.1 recognized a 170 kDa protein in Western blots and showed strong reactivity with a 170 kDa band in blots prepared from phosphoproteins isolated by metal affinity chromatography. Analysis by mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides generated from BD.1 purified by continuous elution electrophoresis identified the plus end microtubule‐binding protein, CLIP170, in the fraction reactive with MAb BD.1. Double immunofluorescence with MAb BD.1 and a MAb specific for CLIP170 showed that both were reactive with intrahepatic bile ducts. However, overexpression or siRNA knockdown of CLIP170 in 293T cells did not significantly alter BD.1 levels, indicating that CLIP170 and BD.1 were distinct, co-migrating proteins. Immunoprecipitation analysis with MAb BD.1 and anti-CLIP170 antibodies showed that under microtubule depolymerizing conditions the two proteins could be co-precipitated with both antibodies, leading us to conclude they were capable of forming stable complexes. Two different protocols were devised to enrich for the CLIP170 binding protein recognized by MAb BD.1. Analysis of tryptic peptides by LC-ESI-MS/MS identified BD.1 as eIF3a, the largest subunit of the elongation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex. This identity was confirmed by the simultaneous knockdown of both BD.1 and eIF3a by eIF3a-specific siRNAs and by the strong reactivity of MAb BD.1 with the 170 kDa protein immunoprecipitated with the anti-eIF3a antibody, 5H10. Based on these findings, we concluded that the BD.1 antigen was identical to eIF3a, a multifunctional subunit of the eIf3 complex shown here to associate with microtubules through its interactions with CLIP170.
A Preliminary Directional Study of Cosmic Rays at High Altitude. II. Experimental Results and Interpretation

The zenithal distribution of particles at high altitudes observed with counter telescopes has been compared with simple calculations concerning the multiplicity and angular divergence of secondary particles. The observations are in agreement with a sharply collimated forward type of production event, and disagree with the wide angle type of production of hard secondaries. The azimuthal distributions and zenithal distributions indicate a nearly isotropic primary flux, in agreement with geomagnetic considerations at geonetic latitude 56\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}N. The effects of the atmosphere on directional asymmetry measurements at 13-g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ atmospheric depths are concluded to be small, especially if lead filters of a few cm thickness are used. The number of low energy particles is small at this depth.
Thermal stability of high temperature epoxy adhesives by thermogravimetric and adhesive strength measurements

The thermal degradation of two high temperature epoxy adhesives has been measured in terms of weight loss and adhesion loss and the lifetime predictions are compared for the two independent measurements of thermal degradation. Weight loss measurements were performed at high temperature under accelerated thermal aging conditions. Adhesion loss measurements were performed at lower temperatures closer to typical continuous operating temperatures. An Arrhenius relationship is validated for the thermal degradation of the epoxy adhesives, and the extent of degradation in terms of weight loss and adhesion loss is modelled with an autocatalytic rate expression. The degradation kinetic parameters and models are compared between the two thermal degradation measurements and are found to give similar predictions for the lifetime of the adhesives. In addition, the relationship between network degradation and loss of adhesive strength is discussed.
Fabrication of thin-film nanofibrous composite membranes by interfacial polymerization using ionic liquids as additives

Abstract A new type of thin-film nanofibrous composite membrane (TFNC) for nanofiltration (NF), prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP) of piperazine (PIP) using ionic liquids (IL) was demonstrated. A comparison was first made to illustrate the advantage of using highly porous electrospun PES nanofibrous scaffold versus typical ultrafiltration (UF) membrane as the support for the PIP-based polyamide barrier layer. Two different ILs: 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (OMIC) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC), were incorporated in interfacial polymerization to adjust the permeation flux and salt rejection ratio (MgSO4 and NaCl); the results were also compared with those of commercial NF membranes (i.e. NF-90 and NF-270 from Dow FILMTEC). The existence of non-reactive IL in interfacial polymerization clearly affected the structure of the barrier layer and corresponding NF properties. The smaller ion (BMIC) simultaneously reduced permeation flux and increased salt rejection rate, while the larger ion (OMIC) exhibited an increase in permeation flux but a slight reduction in salt rejection. The demonstrated TFNC membrane exhibited 2 times higher permeation flux compared to that of NF-90 with comparable salt rejection ratio, and comparable permeation flux and salt rejection performance as those of NF-270.
Should Infants Presenting with an Apparent Life-Threatening Event Undergo Evaluation for Serious Bacterial Infections and Respiratory Pathogens?

We sought to identify which patients with an apparent life-threatening event require infectious evaluation through an analysis of infants aged ≤12 months brought to an emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event. Among the 533 children evaluated, there were no cases of meningitis, 1 case of bacteremia, 17 cases of urinary tract infection, 22 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 22 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, and 2 cases of influenza virus identified in respiratory specimens.
Modeling T cell responses to antigenic challenge

T cell responses are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system in the fight against infections. This article discusses the use of mathematical models for understanding the dynamics of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against viral infections. Complementing experimental research, mathematical models have been very useful for exploring new hypotheses, interpreting experimental data, and for defining what needs to be measured to improve understanding. This review will start with minimally parameterized models of CTL responses, which have generated some valuable insights into basic dynamics and correlates of control. Subsequently, more biological complexity is incorporated into this modeling framework, examining different mechanisms of CTL expansion, different effector activities, and the influence of T cell help. Models and results are discussed in the context of data from specific infections.
Normal uterine activity on a 99mTc-glucoheptonate renal scan.

Uterine radioactivity uptake has previously been reported for a variety of radionuclide agents in the presence of uterine pathological disorders, such as leiomyomata as well as uterine and cervical neoplasma and infections. Activity within the normal uterus has also been reported in Neckel's scans using 99mTc-pertechnetate, but this has not been reported for other radionuclide agents. We report a case exhibiting radioactivity uptake within a normal uterus on a 99mTc-glucoheptonate scan of a renal transplant. Awareness of the possibility of radioactivity uptake in a normal uterus is important in order to avoid potential confusion with abnormal pelvic masses or fluid accumulations.
The dialectic between the “interpersonal” and the “intrapsychic”: With particular emphasis on the role of memory and representation

(1988). The dialectic between the “interpersonal” and the “intrapsychic”: With particular emphasis on the role of memory and representation. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 8, The Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Dimensions: An Unresolved Dilemma, pp. 505-512.
A characterization of full sublattices of finite dimensional Euclidean space

Abstract Full sublattices of finite dimensional Euclidean space are defined to be closures of bounded, open, connected sublattices of R n . They are the basic building blocks in a theory for infinite distributive lattices. In this paper, using a variant of the Bergman double projection theorem, we show that a sublattice of R n is full if and only if each of its triple projections into R 3 is full. This implies that for many problems concerning sublattices of Euclidean n -space it suffices to study low dimensional examples.
Estimation of Stress Ratio From Striation’s Three-Dimensional Geometry

Striation’s width is useful to estimate stress intensity factor range. To estimate maximum and minimum stress intensity factor, the relationship between stress ratio and aspect ratio of striation obtained by Furukawa, is used. However, accuracy of that method depends on the observer’s skill. In this paper, the parameter (P.S.sum), which relates to the striation height, is proposed and method for estimation of stress ratio, which is independent of observer’s skill, is also proposed. In order to calculate P.S.sum, the frequency analysis is applied to the three-dimensional geometry of striation obtained by laser microscope. The wavelength and the power spectrum are considered to indicate the striation width and height respectively. To consider the variation of striation, P.S.sum is calculated by the integration of power spectrum. The method is applied to the fatigue fracture surface of aluminum (A2024), steel (0.25% carbon) and high-tension steels. The condition of fatigue test was ΔK constant to keep the crack growth rate constant, in other words, to make the striations of which width were same. Applying the method, almost linear relationship between stress ratio and P.S.sum was obtained. Therefore, stress ratio can be quantitatively estimated by P.S.sum.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Assessment of Residual Tensile Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Composites Subjected to Low-Energy Impact

This paper presents the results of an experimental study to investigate the effects of impact loading on the residual tensile strength of woven graphite epoxy laminates with a toughened resin system. In this study, both cross-ply, [0∕90]6 , and angle-ply, [±45]6 , laminate lay-up configurations were studied and compared. Test specimens were subjected to various levels of impact loading, after which tensile pull tests were performed to determine the residual tensile strength properties. The study results demonstrated that impact damage causes a significant reduction in tensile strength properties of woven cross-ply [0°/90°] laminates. For example, cross-ply laminated composite specimens subjected to the lowest impact level, 6.8 J , exhibited a 25% decrease in ultimate tensile strength. Angle-ply woven laminates [±45°] , however, exhibited an 18% increase in ultimate tensile strength after being subjected to 6.8 (J) impact. This characteristic of increasing tensile strength in [±45°] specimens is an example...
Tertullian in Jerome (Epist. 22,37, 1f.) 1

In this short passage of the Libellus de virginitate servanda (epist. 22) Jerome incorporates a number of striking formulations from Tertullian's De oratione and De corona. The influence of Ambrose's De virginibus would also seem to be discernible. Jerome systematically enhances the stylistic finesse of the material he borrows. At the same time its inclusion also entails inconcinnities.
Solvent dependence of the barrier to the Ph-N internal rotation in N-methylaniline

Abstract The barrier to Ph-N internal rotation in N -Methylaniline in CF2Cl2 (from 1H NMR) is 6.9 kcal/mol. Solvents which are hydrogen bond acceptors raise the barrier, while hydrogen bond donors lower the barrier.
Surface fracture in injection molding of filled polymers

In injection molding certain polymers, fracture of the polymer stream sometimes occurs at the mold surface. This phenomenon has been found to be a tearing apart of the polymer surface layer accompanied by downstream slip of the flowing melt at the polymer/mold interface. Fracture occurs early in mold filling and is initiated usually at the gate to the mold cavity. Analysis of the fracture mechanism indicates that fracture is caused by: (1) high shearing stress in the melt as it fills the mold; (2) poor polymer/mold adhesion; and (3) low polymer surface cohesive strength.
Sorption and desorption dynamics of aroclor 1242 to natural sediment

Abstract Sediment sorption and desorption processes are important in determining the movement and fate of persistent organic compounds in aquatic systems. Batch experiments show that after an initial one week uptake period, continual release of Aroclor 1242 from sediment occurs over a six-month period. These observations suggest that a two-stage kinetic model, rather than the conventional equilibrium model, is more appropriate for representing sediment uptake and release processes. Additional batch studies were used to measure short- and long-term rate coefficients for these processes. Simulation studies, with multiple sediment and contaminant inputs, indicate that over a 16-day period a kinetic model better matches the experimental data than do three other equilibrium-based sorption/desorption models. Further long-term simulations demonstrate that the kinetic model, rather than equilibrium models, more adequately account for the persistence of organic contaminants in sediment.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Coronary Stenting in Women Versus Men Results From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Cohort

Background—Conflicting evidence exists on sex-based outcomes after coronary stenting. Methods and Results—Data on 426 996 patients ≥65 years old (42.3% women) from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry (2004–2008) were linked to Medicare inpatient claims to compare in-hospital outcomes by sex and long-term outcomes by sex and stent type. In-hospital complications were more frequent in women than in men: death (3869 [2.2%] versus 3737 [1.6%]; adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–1.49), myocardial infarction (2365 [1.3%] versus 2858 [1.2%]; odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11–1.27), bleeding (7860 [4.4%] versus 5627 [2.3%]; odds ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.79–1.93), and vascular complications (2381 [1.3%] versus 1648 [0.7%]; odds ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.73–1.99). At 20.4 months, women had a lower adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.94) but similar rates of myocardial infarction, revascularization, and bleeding. Relative to bare metal stent use, ...
Review Of Precision Surface Generating Processes And Their Potential Application To The Fabrication Of Large Optical Components

Over the last decade a wide variety of processes applicable to ultraprecision contouring and polishing have evolved. Examples of these processes include float polishing, elastic emission machining, erosive jet, ion milling, plasma assisted chemical etching, and precision ductile grinding. These processes are reviewed with the intent of comparing their removal rates, resultant surface roughness, demonstrated contour accuracy, and applicability to the manufacture of large optical components. The incentive for this study is the evolution of a deterministic manufacturing process able to lower the cost of fabricating large precision optical components by an order of magnitude.
Lack of Inhibition by 6β-Hydroxy cortisol and o,p'-DDD on the Cortisol Mediated Induction of Rat Hepatic Tryptophan Oxygenase: The Corticoid Effect of 6α-Hydroxycortisol

6α-Hydroxycortisol was found to have a cortisol-like activity in inducing rat hepatic tryptophan oxygenase. 6β-Hydroxycortisol was without this effect. Neither 6β-hydroxycortisol nor o,p'-DDD had any cortisol inhibitory activity in this enzyme system. (Endocrinology 83: 384, 1968)
COMMENTS ON WU'S UPPER BOUND AND CONJECTURE FOR THE HOLOMORPHY ENVELOPE OF THE FOUR-POINT FUNCTION.

Wu's upper bound for the holomorphy envelope of the four-point function in configuration space is compared with another upper bound which partially supplements the former.
Misorientation and reduced stretching of aligned sister kinetochores promote chromosome missegregation in EB1‐ or APC‐depleted cells

The correct formation of stable but dynamic links between chromosomes and spindle microtubules (MTs) is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which kinetochores bind MTs and checkpoints monitor this binding remain poorly understood. In this paper, we analyze the functions of six kinetochore-bound MT-associated proteins (kMAPs) using RNAi, live-cell microscopy and quantitative image analysis. We find that RNAi-mediated depletion of two kMAPs, the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) and its binding partner, EB1, are unusual in affecting the movement and orientation of paired sister chromatids at the metaphase plate without perturbing kinetochore–MT attachment per se. Quantitative analysis shows that misorientation phenotypes in metaphase are uniform across chromatid pairs even though chromosomal loss (CIN) during anaphase is sporadic. However, errors in kinetochore function generated by APC or EB1 depletion are detected poorly if at all by the spindle checkpoint, even though they cause chromosome missegregation. We propose that impaired EB1 or APC function generates lesions invisible to the spindle checkpoint and thereby promotes low levels of CIN expected to fuel aneuploidy and possibly tumorigenesis.
Force Sensors Embedded in Surfaces for Manufacturing and Other Tribological Process Monitoring

The measurement of tooling-workpiece interface forces is needed for process design, process modeling and analysis and process monitoring for control. One approach to measuring local interface loads with minimal disturbance of the surface and process is to embed sensors in the surface below the surface region of interest. Small piezoelectric sensing elements were cast into surfaces and their ability to measure loads applied normal to the surfaces was assessed. Sensor outputs were analyzed in terms of sensor depth below the surface, distance along the surface from the load location to the sensor location and sensor to sensor spacing. A mechanical model of the sensor-surface system was developed which predicted sensor output. The use of this sensing concept and type of sensor was demonstrated in strip drawing tests. Using temperature compensated sensors, workpiece holddown force was measured in tests during which drawbead penetration was varied.
Effects of Fuel Composition on Flammability Limit of a Lean Premixed Combustor

Fuel flexibility is desired in advanced power generating gas turbines operating in the lean premixed combustion mode. In this study, experiments were performed in a lean premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor operated at atmospheric pressure to quantify how adding liquid petroleum gas (LPG), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide to natural gas (NG) affected the flame stability. The flame extinction characteristics were obtained for NG fuel mixtures with up to 40% by volume of the indicated gases. The combustion air was supplied at room temperature and the fuel-air mixture was fully premixed before reaching the combustor. The total fuel-air flow rate was varied by a factor of two to achieve a range of aerodynamic conditions. Results demonstrate that additions of hydrogen and oxygen to NG extended the stable operating range of the combustor. Addition of LPG to NG had a slightly adverse effect while the non-reactive species in the NG did not affect the lean flammability limit.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
Systolic time intervals during submaximal and maximal exercise in man

Abstract This study describes the serial responses of the systolic time intervals (STI) to submaximal and maximal supine exercise in normal subjects. Regression equations relating STI and heart rate during supine submaximal and maximal exercise are derived. It is shown that within the heart rate range of 120 to 170 beats per minute, total electromechanical systole (QS 2 ) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) are related inversely and linearly to heart rate for both levels of exercise. At comparable heart rates, the QS 2 and LVET are greater during maximal than submaximal exercise, with differences widening significantly with increasing heart rate. This finding points out the importance of taking into account the intensity of exercise when evaluating STI responses to exercise stress in different groups. The pre-ejection period (PEP) significantly decreases from rest to the initial phase of both maximal and submaximal exercise with a subsequent tendency to plateau, indicating that a minimum PEP is reached early during exercise and that cardiovascular adaptation no longer includes additional shortening. This study also shows that STI obtained during exercise cannot be corrected for heart rate according to regression equations which were developed in resting supine subjects. Thus, there appears to be no justification for extrapolating the heart rate range of resting supine subjects to the exercise state for correcting intervals in this manner. In addition, STI measurements made during the immediate recovery period following supine exercise are significantly different from those obtained just prior to cessation of exercise. Therefore, recovery STI do not reflect the true hemodynamic changes occurring during the course of exercise. The application of the levels of exercise described in this study to the assessment of changes in STI in patients with documented or suspected cardiac dysfunction appears warranted. Alterations in left ventricular performance not evident at rest or following mild exercise might be detected employing these more strenuous exercise protocols. Using the regression equations established in this study, exercise-induced deviation in STI corrected for heart rate may now be determined with the realization that these relationships were derived from relatively young men. However, in the adult population the duration of LVET corrected for heart rate varies little with advancing age, and PEP shows only a slight increase. 34,35
Structures of the Universal Translator, the Ribosome

The bacterium Escherichia coli has served for decades as a model for understanding protein biosynthesis. It has therefore been an ideal target for probing the structural basis for protein synthesis by the ribosome. I will present recent advances in understanding the mechanism of translation revealed by x-ray crystal structures of the intact E. coli 70S ribosome. I will also present a vision for the future of ribosome structural biology, how it can be combined with other biophysical methods and how it can be used to advance structure-based antibiotic development.
Density matrix formulation of the nuclear-electronic orbital approach with explicit electron-proton correlation

The density matrix formulation of the nuclear-electronic orbital explicitly correlated Hartree–Fock (NEO-XCHF) approach for including electron-proton correlation in mixed nuclear-electronic wave functions is presented. This approach is based on a general ansatz for the nuclear-electronic wave function that includes explicit dependence on the nuclear-electronic distances with Gaussian-type geminal functions. The NEO-XCHF approach is extended to treat multielectron, multiproton systems and to describe a broader class of systems that require a more general form of the wave function, such as open-shell and multireference wave functions. General expressions are derived for the one-particle and two-particle densities, as well as the total energy. In addition, expressions for the total energy and Fock matrices in an atomic orbital basis are derived for the special case of a closed-shell electronic system. The resulting Hartree–Fock–Roothaan equations can be solved iteratively to self consistency. An advantage of the density matrix representation is that it facilitates the development of approximate NEO-XCHF methods in which specified high-order density terms are neglected to decrease the computational expense. Another advantage of the density matrix representation is that it provides the foundation for the development of electron-proton functionals within the framework of density functional theory, thereby enabling a consistent treatment of both electron-electron and electron-proton correlation in a computationally practical manner.