cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric analysis of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 in diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Objectives Nuclear overexpression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) assessed by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be highly associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) among small B-cell lymphomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL. Methods Normal peripheral blood was used to validate the test. Flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 was performed in 64 patient samples qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing the staining intensity and the ratios of the median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) of LEF1 in B cells of interest to the internal reference cell populations. The results were correlated with the pathologic diagnosis. Results Proper sample processing ensured sufficient separation of positive LEF1 staining in T cells from negative staining in normal B and natural killer (NK) cells. Qualitative analysis of patient samples showed that all 25 cases of CLL/SLL but none of the other small B-cell lymphomas were positive for LEF1. Using a B/NK MFI ratio of 1.5 and B/T MFI ratio of 0.45 separated CLL/SLL cases from non-CLL lymphomas. Conclusions Flow cytometric analysis of LEF1 is sufficient to differentiate CLL/SLL from other small B-cell lymphomas and may serve as a useful tool in the diagnosis of CLL/SLL.
Multiple polynomial correlation sequences and nilsequences

A basic nilsequence is a sequence of the form ψ(n)=f(Tnx), where x is a point of a compact nilmanifold X, T is a translation on X, and f∈C(X); a nilsequence is a uniform limit of basic nilsequences. Let X=G/Γ be a compact nilmanifold, Y be a subnilmanifold of X, g(n) be a polynomial sequence in G, and f∈C(X); we show that the sequence ∫ g(n)Yf, n∈ℤ, is the sum of a basic nilsequence and a sequence that converges to zero in uniform density. This implies that, given an ergodic invertible measure-preserving system (W,ℬ,μ,T), with μ(W)<∞, polynomials p1,…,pk∈ℤ[n], and sets A1,…,Ak∈ℬ, the sequence μ(Tp1(n)A1∩⋯∩Tpk(n)Ak) is the sum of a nilsequence and a sequence that converges to zero in uniform density. We also obtain a version of this result for the case where pi are polynomials in several variables.
Simulating strong field control of axial chirality using optimal control theory

We propose a strong-field based method to control the chirality of molecules that exhibit torsion, illustrating the possibility of converting a racemate into a pure enantiomer at elevated temperatures. Optimal control theory is applied to design a laser pulse that will maximize the enantiomeric ratio achieved, considering both the case of a fixed, linear polarization and the case of a tunable polarization. Our simulations show the possibility of converting 99% and 99.5% of the population into a desired enantiomer for the fixed and tunable polarization solutions, respectively, deriving interesting insights regarding the conversion dynamics from the optimized pulse shape. Finally, we discuss several potential applications of the proposed approach, including a study of time-resolved racemization and a chiral switch.
Multiple modes of storm runoff generation in a North Carolina coastal plain watershed

The results of field measurements conducted in a small (19·37 ha) agricultural watershed on the North Carolina coastal plain during the summer of 1996 are presented. The objective of the study was to develop a more complete understanding of basin response in the region with respect to stormflow generation and, in particular, to identify the processes that determine storm runoff and the conditions under which such processes occur. Twenty-four storm events were monitored, including two tropical storm systems and two hurricanes. The data demonstrate considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in runoff generation within the watershed. Surface flowpaths, in the form of Hortonian overland flow and saturation overland flow, were found to be the dominant runoff processes during the storm events measured. The hillslope flowpaths had the same response time as the basin streamflow, but significantly shorter time of rise and lag times. The importance of Hortonian flow in a basin with sandy, permeable soils, as well as the rapid stormflow response in a low-relief area with a humid climate, was contrary to expectations. This, coupled with the contingency of runoff response, suggests that it may be difficult to generalize about runoff generation mechanisms in broad terms, and that a synoptic approach may be more appropriate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical navigation for total hip replacement with the use of hipnav

HipNav, an image-guided surgical navigation system, is presented. The system was developed to measure and guide the placement of prosthetic components in total hip replacement surgery (THR), it incorporates a 3-dimensional preoperative planner with a simulator and an intraoperative surgical navigator. Coupling optimized preoperative planning with accurate surgical navigation will assist the surgeon in properly orienting the components, minimizing the risk of impingement and dislocation. Intraoperatively, the system uses image-guided tools to assist in accurate placement of the acetabular cup. The acetabular implant is placed in the planned position with the aid of a simple “aim-and-shoot” interface. The actual measurements of version and abduction are also provided. The use of this new class of operative sensors has been incorporated into a regular surgical routine. There are few additional steps necessary, therefore, for the image-guided procedure, which does not add significantly to the total time of surgery. We expect that these tools will lead to less invasive and more accurate THR surgery and directly relate patient outcomes to measured surgical practice.
Modeling of microstructural kinematics during simple elongation of central nervous system tissue

Damage to axons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) white matter is a nearly universal feature of traumatic brain injury, yet it is not clear how the tissue mechanical deformations are transferred to the cellular components of the CNS. Defining how cellular deformations relate to the applied tissue deformation field can both highlight cellular populations at risk for mechanical injury, and define the fraction of cells in a specific population that will exhibit damage. In this investigation, microstructurally based models of CNS white matter were developed and tested against measured transformations of the CNS tissue microstructure under simple elongation. Results show that axons in the unstretched optic nerves were significantly wavy or undulated, where the measured axonal path length was greater than the end-to-end distance of the axon. The average undulation parameter--defined as the true axonal length divided by the end-to-end length--was 1.13. In stretched nerves, mean axonal undulations decreased with increasing applied stretch ratio (lambda)--the mean undulation values decreased to 1.06 at lambda = 1.06, 1.04 at lambda = 1.12, and 1.02 at lambda = 1.25. A model describing the gradual coupling, or tethering, of the axons to the surrounding glial cells best fit the experimental data. These modeling efforts indicate the fraction of the axonal and glial populations experiencing deformation increases with applied elongation, consistent with the observation that both axonal and glial cell injury increases at higher levels of white matter injury. Ultimately, these results can be used in conjunction with computational simulations of traumatic brain injury to aid in establishing the relative risk of cellular structures in the CNS white matter to mechanical injury.
On Repeated Moral Hazard with Discounting

In this paper, we analyze optimal contracts in an infinitely repeated agency model in which both the principal and agent discount the future. We show that there is a stationary representation of the optimal contract when the agent's conditional discounted expected utility is used as a state variable. This representation reduces the multi-period problem to a static variational problem which can be analyzed using standard variational techniques. This reduction is used to obtain several properties of the contract.
EP2 Receptor Signaling Pathways Regulate Classical Activation of Microglia

Activation of EP2 receptors by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes brain inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, but the pathways responsible are unclear. EP2 receptors couple to Gαs and increase cAMP, which associates with protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Epacs). Here, we studied EP2 function and its signaling pathways in rat microglia in their resting state or undergoing classical activation in vitro following treatment with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Real time PCR showed that PGE2 had no effect on expression of CXCL10, TGF-β1, and IL-11 and exacerbated the rapid up-regulation of mRNAs encoding cyclooxygenase-2, inducible NOS, IL-6, and IL-1β but blunted the production of mRNAs encoding TNF-α, IL-10, CCL3, and CCL4. These effects were mimicked fully by the EP2 agonist butaprost but only weakly by the EP1/EP3 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 or the EP4 agonist CAY10598 and not at all by the EP3/EP1 agonist sulprostone and confirmed by protein measurements of cyclooxygenase-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. In resting microglia, butaprost induced cAMP formation and altered the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, but protein expression was unchanged. The PKA inhibitor H89 had little or no effect on inflammatory mediators modulated by EP2, whereas the Epac activator 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate acetoxymethyl ester mimicked all butaprost effects. These results indicate that EP2 activation plays a complex immune regulatory role during classical activation of microglia and that Epac pathways are prominent in this role.
Axially distributed 3D imaging and reconstruction

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems are being researched extensively for purposes of sensing and visualization in fields as diverse as defense, medical imaging, art, and entertainment. An overview on a multi-view imaging system in an axially distributed sensing architecture for three dimensional is presented. In this configuration, the sensor moves along its optical axis and collects 2D imagery which can be computationally reconstructed at arbitrary depths in the object space. When compared to traditional 2D imaging techniques, 3D imaging offers advantages in ranging, robustness to scene occlusion, and target recognition performance. The proposed imaging system is different than conventional multiview imaging systems, such as integral imaging, in the sense that collection of 3D information is not uniform across the field of view and in many cases the inherent linear motion of the platform can be exploited for 3D image acquisition. The system parameters are analyzed and experimental results are presented.
Diagnostic and mutational spectrum of progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) and other forms of GNAS‐based heterotopic ossification

Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is a rare, disabling disease of heterotopic ossification (HO) that progresses from skin and subcutaneous tissues into deep skeletal muscle. POH occurs in the absence of multiple developmental features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) or hormone resistance, clinical manifestations that are also associated with GNAS inactivation. However, occasional patients with AHO and pseudohypoparathyroidism 1a/c (PHP1a/c; AHO features plus hormone resistance) have also been described who have progressive HO. This study was undertaken to define the diagnostic and mutational spectrum of POH and progressive disorders of HO, and to distinguish them from related disorders in which HO remains confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissues. We reviewed the charts of 111 individuals who had cutaneous and subcutaneous ossification. All patients were assessed for eight characteristics: age of onset of HO, presence and location of HO, depth of HO, type of HO, progression of HO, features of AHO, PTH resistance, and GNAS mutation analysis. We found, based on clinical criteria, that POH and progressive HO syndromes are at the severe end of a phenotypic spectrum of GNAS-inactivating conditions associated with extra-skeletal ossification. While most individuals with superficial or progressive ossification had mutations in GNAS, there were no specific genotype-phenotype correlations that distinguished the more progressive forms of HO (e.g., POH) from the non-progressive forms (osteoma cutis, AHO, and PHP1a/c).
Three-year posttransplant graft survival in renal-transplant patients with graft function at 6 months receiving tacrolimus or cyclosporine microemulsion within a triple-drug regimen

Background. Registry data can provide valuable information about possible treatment effects; however, pretreatment differences in patient characteristics may influence treatment assignment. Careful analysis must therefore be undertaken when evaluating treatment differences in the context of nonrandomized studies so that the impact of treatment selection bias is minimized. Methods. A multivariable risk factor analysis of adult patients registered in the US Renal Data System who received a primary renal allograft during 1995 to 1998 was undertaken to compare 3-year graft survival using tacrolimus or Neoral with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroids. Results. In total, 9,449 patients were included (cadaveric donor n=6,011; living donor n=3,438). Patients (2,130) received tacrolimus, and 7,319 received Neoral. At 3 years posttransplant, the proportion of cadaveric donor recipients experiencing all causes of graft loss was 10.0% for tacrolimus and 10.6% for Neoral; for living donor recipients these figures were 6.5% and 6.7%, respectively (unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis). The incidence of graft failure excluding death was also similar between the two groups. With Cox proportional hazards modeling, the adjusted relative hazard of 3-year graft failure for cadaveric donor patients taking tacrolimus versus Neoral was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8-1.3), and for living-donor recipients it was 1.15 (95% CI 0.8-1.8). Conclusions. These results indicate excellent 3-year graft survival for both cadaveric and living-donor renal-transplant patients receiving either Neoral or tacrolimus with MMF and steroids, with no significant differences between treatment groups. On the basis of these results, relative cost-effectiveness may become increasingly important in selection of tacrolimus or Neoral as primary immunosuppressant for renal-transplant patients.
Structure-function correlations of polyamine analog-induced increases in spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase activity.

Abstract The cytosolic enzyme, spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT), is distinguished by its role in polyamine interconversion and by its high inducibility in response to a variety of physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Among a series of fifteen polyamines and polyamine analogs, the most potent inducers of SSAT activity in cultured L1210 cells were found to be N1, N8-bis(ethyl)spermidine (BES) and N1, N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (BESm). Over a 24-hr exposure at 10 μM, enzyme activity rose 13- and 16-fold with BES and BESm, respectively, compared to 2- to 3-fold with the anticancer agent, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). The increase in enzyme activity by BESm began rapidly and continued steadily with time so that by 48 hr it increased to about twenty times control. By inhibitor studies, the increase was found to be due to elevated protein synthesis predominantly at the level of translation and to an apparent prolongation of enzyme half-life related to enzyme stabilization. Among the analogs, the structural requirements for maximum enzyme induction were found to be critically dependent on aminopropyl moieties and on the presence, size and location of the alkyl groups. By structure-function comparisons, it was deduced that the known abilities of BES and BESm to regulate ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities or to inhibit cell growth occur independently of their effects on SSAT activity in L1210 cells.
Criminal poisoning: Munchausen by proxy.

The diagnosis and subsequent prosecution of Munchausen by proxy (MBP) cases require the collaborative teamwork of health care teams, laboratory personnel, law enforcement, and social services. Poisoning occurs in a significant number of the MBP cases with a diverse variety of agents used. To aid laboratory professionals in determining the appropriate toxicology tests to perform in such criminal cases, health care professionals must focus their testing requests on substances that correspond to the victim's signs, symptoms, and ancillary test values. This article reviews MBP, with particular focus on poisoning agents that have been used in past reported cases. Language: en
Enterprise resource planning systems: revolutionizing lodging human resources management

Purpose – The e‐business revolution which the world experienced over the past decade is forcing businesses to review, re‐engineer, and revolutionize traditional approaches to running a successful enterprise. Globalization and competition have also made it essential for companies to find innovative ways to manage daily administrative tasks as smoothly, seamlessly, and cost‐effectively as possible. Companies are achieving such capabilities and efficiencies by adopting enterprise resource planning systems. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the fundamentals of enterprise resource systems and their practical application in the lodging industry.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the fundamentals of enterprise resource systems and discusses their practical applications in managing the human resources (HR) function of lodging enterprises.Findings – The integration of company‐wide day‐to‐day HR administrative tasks through the use of enterprise resource systems results in both tangible and int...
Sexual orientation survey of students on the San Francisco State University Campus.

This study examined the sexual orientation of students on the campus of San Francisco State University. The sample consisted of 1,039 students who responded to a questionnaire administered in their classes. The results were as follows: (a) significantly more males than females reported the homosexual orientation for both behavior and feeling; (b) about the same proportion of whites and nonwhites reported the homosexual orientation for behavior; and (c) significantly more students in majors emphasizing “divergent” thinking than those in majors emphasizing “convergent” thinking reported the homosexual orientation for behavior. The first two findings were explained in terms of the differentiated and related development of social sex-roles and sexual orientation in female and males and minority and majority groups. The last finding was explained in terms of divergent and convergent thinking of students who choose particular disciplines. (
Identification of hearing loss relevant genes in QTL on mouse chromosome 16

Results By examining the genomic information of the QTL on chromosome 16, between the two flanking markers, D16mit191 and D16mit86, we identified a total of 84 genetic elements in the 5,378,407 bps genome region. Among these genetic elements, we found seven with potential function in hearing loss preference (Table 1). We then examined the SNPs, insertions and deletions, and gene expression levels of those seven genes.
Methods for First-Principles Alloy Thermodynamics

Traditional first-principles calculations excel at providing formation energies at absolute zero, but obtaining thermodynamic information at nonzero temperatures requires suitable sampling of all the excited states visited in thermodynamic equilibrium, which would be computationally prohibitive via brute-force quantum mechanical calculations alone. In the context of solid-state alloys, this issue can be addressed via the coarse-graining concept and the cluster expansion formalism. This process generates simple, effective Hamiltonians that accurately reproduce quantum mechanical calculation results and that can be used to efficiently sample configurational, vibrational, and electronic excitations and enable the prediction of thermodynamic properties at nonzero temperatures. Vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom are formally eliminated from the problem by writing the system’s partition function in a nested form in which the inner sums can be readily evaluated to yield an effective Hamiltonian. The remaining outermost sum corresponds to atomic configurations and can be handled via Monte Carlo sampling driven by the resulting effective Hamiltonian, thereby delivering thermodynamic properties at nonzero temperatures. This article describes these techniques and their implementation in the alloy theoretic automated toolkit, an open-source software package. The methods are illustrated by applications to various alloy systems.
SO/sub 14/ unified model with elementary electron and muon families and composite tau family

Previously we constructed a unified model based on the exceptional group ${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$ in which the S${\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ electron family ${f}_{e}(e, {\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}, u, d)$ is elementary and the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}$ families are composite 16's. Motivated by the very strong constraints on any composite model of $e$ or $\ensuremath{\mu}$ from the phenomenal agreement between theory and experiment for their anomalous magnetic moments, we present an S${\mathrm{O}}_{14}$ model (a straightforward extension of the ${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$ model) in which ${f}_{e}$ and ${f}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ are elementary and ${f}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ is composite. Another composite S${\mathrm{O}}_{10}$ 16 and two 144's are predicted.
Effect of tibial tunnel diameter on femoral tunnel placement in transtibial single bundle ACL reconstruction

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of tibial reamer size and placement on the position of femoral tunnel placement via a transtibial approach for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Eight cadaveric knee specimens were fixed to a stationary table at 90° of flexion and neutral rotation. After removing the anterior capsule and patella, native joint anatomy was recorded with a digitizer (MicroScribe™; CNC Services, Amherst, VA) accurate to 0.05 mm. Tibial and femoral tunnels were drilled via a transtibial ACLR technique using the optimal tibial starting point described by Piasecki et al. On the tibial side, tunnels were drilled progressively with 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, and 11-mm reamers. After each reaming, a beath pin was placed in the posterior aspect of the tibial tunnel, positioned relative to the native anatomic ACL femoral footprint, and digitized. Rhino software (McNeel, Seattle, WA) was used to geometrically determine the center of the native femoral footprint and measure in millimeters the relationship of this point with the femoral position achieved using a 7-mm offset femoral guide with each tibial tunnel size. The surface areas of each tibial and femoral insertion were measured using the insertional periphery data recorded with the digitizer. Statistical analysis of continuous variable data was performed with t tests; P values below 0.05 were deemed significant. The center of the femoral ACL footprint was reached with a 9-mm tibial tunnel in six knees, and with an 8-mm tunnel in two knees. A 6- or 7-mm tibial tunnel did not allow for anatomic positioning in any specimen, with femoral positioning significantly more superior than that achieved with a 9-, 10-, or 11-mm tibial tunnel (P < 0.01). The 6- and 7-mm tunnels produced errors of 4.6 ± 1.6 and 2.9 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. After use of the 11-mm tibial reamer, the average tibial tunnel length was 32.1 ± 2.6 mm. Limitations of a transtibial ACLR technique may result in non-anatomic femoral tunnel placement with tibial tunnel sizes smaller than 9 mm. However, tibial tunnels placed in the proximal entry position with at least a 9-mm tunnel size allowed anatomic femoral tunnel placement via a transtibial approach.
Variational principle for time-dependent interactions

A Schwinger-type variational principle for time-dependent interactions is developed for the S matrix using a separable operator approach. The S matrix has an implicit fractional form by which we mean that an integral equation has to be solved to compute the wave function. This principle shares the important features of the fractional form of Schwinger's variational principle and reduces to it for time-independent interactions. We discuss the relationship with the Lippmann-Schwinger variational principle. The variational principle is generalized to treat direct and rearrangement processes in ion-atom collisions in both the time-dependent and time-independent representations. It is shown to yield the correct asymptotic form for capture. Using free states as trial functions, the channel-distorted strong-potential Born S matrix is obtained. The distortion potential is determined variationally and is found to have the correct form at large distances.
Test for Space Quantization in a Magnetic Field

The heterodyne beat method was used to detect a possible change in the dielectric constant of gases, due to space quantization in a magnetic field. A condenser, forming a part of one oscillating circuit of about 1,000,000 cycles frequency, was filled with the gas investigated and the magnetic field then applied. The results obtained show that for helium (20 cm pressure), air (76 cm) and oxygen (76 cm) at room temperature there is no change in the dielectric constant to 1 part in 500,000. The magnetic field was of the order of 7000-8000 gausses, while the electric field was estimated at 5000-10,000 volts/cm. The tests were carried out with the direction of the electric field both parallel and normal to the direction of the magnetic field.
Fate of excited states in jet-cooled aromatic molecules: bifurcating pathways and very long lived species from the S1 excitation of phenylacetylene and benzonitrile.

Pump−probe delayed ionization studies on phenylacetylene and benzonitrile in a supersonic beam reveal the production of a low-ionization-potential (∼5.7 eV) species lasting more than hundreds of mi...
Modeling Physiologic Variability in Human Endotoxemia

The control and management of inflammation is a key aspect of clinical care for critical illnesses such as sepsis. In an ideal reaction to injury, the inflammatory response provokes a strong enough response to heal the injury and then restores homeostasis. When inflammation becomes dysregulated, a persistent inflammatory state can lead to significant deleterious effects and clinical challenges. Thus, gaining a better biological understanding of the mechanisms driving the inflammatory response is of the utmost importance. In this review, we discuss our work with the late Stephen F. Lowry to investigate systemic inflammation through systems biology of human endotoxemia. We present our efforts in modeling the human endotoxemia response with a particular focus on physiologic variability. Through modeling, with a focus ultimately on translational applications, we obtain more fundamental understanding of relevant physiological processes. And by taking advantage of the information embedded in biological rhythms, ranging in time scale from high-frequency autonomic oscillations reflected in heart rate variability to circadian rhythms in inflammatory mediators, we gain insight into the underlying physiology.
Dissecting the Multifactorial Causes of Immunodominance in Class I–Restricted T Cell Responses to Viruses

Abstract Following influenza virus infection, the numbers of mouse T CD8 + cells responding to five different determinants vary more than 50-fold in primary responses but less so in secondary responses. Surprisingly, each determinant elicits a highly diverse and highly sensitive T CD8 + response. Inefficient antigen processing by virus-infected cells accounts for the poor immunogenicity of just one of the subdominant determinants. Overexpressing class I–peptide complexes using vaccinia virus revealed that the poor immunogenicity of two subdominant determinants reflects limitations in T cell responses unrelated to TCR diversity or sensitivity. Despite greatly enhanced expression, the immunodominant determinant is actually less immunogenic when overexpressed by vaccinia virus. Immunodominance is also modulated by determinant-specific variations in the capacity of T CD8 + to suppress responses to other determinants.
A case of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland metastasizing to a mediastinal lymph node

Abstract Objective Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common salivary gland tumors and are typically cured with complete surgical excision. There are rare reports, however, in which these histologically benign tumors have inexplicably metastasized to distant sites. We present a case of a patient who presented, 27 years after excision of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma, with a recurrence in the parotid bed and a mediastinal metastasis. Study design Case report. Methods A 43-year-old woman presented with a mass in the right parotid bed 27 years after excision of a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid. The patient's presentation, workup, and final diagnosis of benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma will be discussed, along with a pertinent review of the literature. Results A diagnosis of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma was made from a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the right parotid mass. On subsequent computed tomographic scan, chest images revealed an incidental left mediastinal mass, which also proved to be a pleomorphic adenoma on computed tomography–guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. The patient underwent a completion parotidectomy and sternotomy with excision of the mediastinal mass. Examination of the pathology specimens confirmed a diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma in both the parotid bed and the mediastinum. No histologic characteristics of malignancy were seen in either specimen; therefore, a diagnosis of benign metastasizing mixed tumor was rendered. Conclusion Benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma is a rare and controversial but distinct clinical entity. Although the definition of the term benign precludes metastatic disease, these tumors do not demonstrate any malignant features yet metastasize to distant sites. It remains to be determined whether these benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenomas are really low-grade salivary malignancies.
Wavelengths and energy levels for the Na I isoelectronic sequence Y28+ through U81+

Abstract Na-like transitions from the n = 3, 4, and 5 excited levels of the ions Cd 37+ , In 38+ , Sn 39+ , and Gd 53+ were identified in the extreme ultraviolet spectra from plasmas produced by one or two beams of the Nova laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The currently observed wavelengths and the previously observed wavelengths for lower Z ions were compared with the wavelengths calculated using Grant's multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock program. Based on this comparison, semiempirical corrections to the wavelengths were made, and the corrected wavelengths were determined for the ions Y 28+ through U 81+ . The excitation energies for the n = 3, 4, and 5 levels and the ionization energies of the ground states were also derived for the ions Y 28+ through U 81+ .
Unusual Fears in Children with Autism.

Abstract Unusual fears have long been recognized as common in autism, but little research exists. In our sample of 1033 children with autism, unusual fears were reported by parents of 421 (41%) of the children, representing 92 different fears. Many additional children had common childhood fears (e.g., dogs, bugs, and the dark). More than half of children with unusual fears had fears of mechanical things, heights, and/or weather. The most common unusual fear was fear of toilets, and the most common category was fear of mechanical things. Amazingly, many of the fears reported in our sample were described in children with autism 70 years ago by Kanner, including fear of vacuum cleaners, elevators, mechanical toys, swings, and the wind. Children with autism perceive, experience, and react to the world differently than children without autism. What is tolerable for most children (e.g., clouds in the sky, a change in activity or routine, sensory input, or a performance request) might be terrifying, distressing, or infuriating for a child with autism. It is critical to assess for unusual and common fears in children with autism because they are present in the majority of these children, they further impair functioning, and effective treatment is available.
Rat and human maspins: structures, metastatic suppressor activity and mutation in prostate cancer cells☆

The rat homologue of human maspin cDNA was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence of rat maspin was homologous to human maspin with 88% of the amino acids conserved. Rat maspin mRNA was detected in rat mammary gland, vagina, urinary bladder, thymus, small intestine, skin, ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, and thyroid but not in many other organs, such as heart, lung, liver, brain and kidney. Rat maspin cDNA retrovirally introduced into highly metastatic Dunning AT3.1 rat prostate cancer cells did not suppress metastasis of these tumor cells in Copenhagen rats. Maspin mRNA was detected in 5/ 10 human prostatic carcinoma tissue samples. Two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP, and two human prostatic carcinoma and two benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue samples contained maspin mRNA having an isoleucine to valine mutation at amino acid 319.
Reporting risk, producing prejudice: how news reporting on obesity shapes attitudes about health risk, policy, and prejudice

News reporting on research studies may influence attitudes about health risk, support for public health policies, or attitudes towards people labeled as unhealthy or at risk for disease. Across five experiments (N = 2123) we examined how different news framings of obesity research influence these attitudes. We exposed participants to either a control condition, a news report on a study portraying obesity as a public health crisis, a news report on a study suggesting that obesity may not be as much of a problem as previously thought, or an article discussing weight-based discrimination. Compared to controls, exposure to the public health crisis article did not increase perception of obesity-related health risks but did significantly increase the expression of antifat prejudice in four out of seven comparisons. Across studies, compared to controls, participants who read an article about weight-based discrimination were less likely to agree that overweight constitutes a public health crisis or to support various obesity policies. Effects of exposure to an article questioning the health risks associated with overweight and obesity were mixed. These findings suggest that news reports on the "obesity epidemic" - and, by extension, on public health crises commonly blamed on personal behavior - may unintentionally activate prejudice.
Crystallization and Preliminary Crystallographic Studies of Human β-Glucuronidase

Abstract Crystals of human β-glucuronidase have been obtained by the vapor diffusion method, using 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as a precipitant. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P 222 1 , with cell dimensions a = 134·5 A, b = 95·1 A, c = 124·4 A. The unit cell contains two copies of the tetrameric enzyme. Complete native data have been collected to a resolution of 2·6 A.
The wheel of innovation

Abstract The wheel of innovation refers to the concept whereby those very same forces that create an innovative hot spot also eventually provide the seeds for the hot spot's decline. An innovative hot spot creates economic prosperity. An increasing demand for economic entitlements within the hot spot creates negative structure that is not conductive to later entrepreneurs or new ventures. This tends to put a damper on further innovative activity within the maturing hot spot. This rags-to-riches-to-rags evolution of innovation hot spots is termed the wheel of innovation. This paper examines the phenomenon from a historical perspective and provide insights on how a country and a region can continue to succeed without falling victim to the phenomenon.
The reactions of some ketones with hexamethylphosphoric triamide a novel synthesis of 3,5-dialkyl-2,6-diphenylpyridines

Abstract Alkylphenones other than acetophenones are found to react with refluxing HMPT over a reaction time of 5–10 hr affording 3,5-dialkyl-2,6-diphenylpyridines in 8–23% yields. The reaction of acetophenones with the same reagent affords only the corresponding 1,3,5-triarylbenzenes. 1-Acetyladamantane similarly affords 1-methyl-2,6-di-(1-adamantyl)-6-dimethylamino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, a possible intermediate in the formation of the pyridine products.
The topology of boundaries

Abstract High-level representations used in reasoning distinguish a special set of boundary locations, at which function values can change abruptly and across which adjacent regions may not be connected. Standard models of space and time, based on segmenting R n, do not allow these possibilities because they have the wrong topological structure at boundaries. This mismatch has made it difficult to develop formal mathematical models for high-level reasoning algorithms. This paper shows how to modify an R n model so as to have an appropriate topological structure. It then illustrates how the new models support standard reasoning algorithms, provide simple models for previously difficult situations, and suggest interesting new analyses based on change or non-change in scene topology.
Managing Nonprofit Organizations: The Importance of Transformational Leadership and Commitment to Operating Standards for Nonprofit Accountability

Using survey methodology and telephone interviews, this exploratory study proposes a framework for nonprofit leaders to promote accountability in their organizations, an important goal for both management and performance in the nonprofit sector. The study relies on Brody's (2001) four-part construct of organizational accountability (fiscal responsibility, good governance, adherence to mission, and program effectiveness) to examine the issue of promoting accountability in nonprofit organizations. We hypothesize that higher levels of nonprofit accountability are related to higher levels of an organization's commitment to operating standards and to higher levels of transformational leadership as exhibited by the organization's leader. Study results indicate that both predictor variables are positively and significantly related to nonprofit accountability, with transformational leadership being the stronger indicator of accountability. The findings of the study have significant implications for nonprofit mana...
Upper endoscopy and glucagon: a new technique in the management of acute esophageal food impaction.

Upper endoscopy and glucagon: a new technique in the management of acute esophageal food impaction
Photoelastic Studies of Some Polybutadiene Networks

Two butadiene polymers were used in this investigation, one with 98.5% cis-1,4 units and the other with an approximately equibinary mixture of cis and trans units. Elastomeric networks prepared from these polymers were studied in elongation, in both the swollen and unswollen states over the temperature range −30 to 95°C. There is evidence for crystallization in these networks, particularly as manifested by marked increases in birefringence at relatively low elongations and at temperatures as high as 40°C. As expected, the birefringence and related quantities were found to be more sensitive to crystallization than the force, with the optical-configuration parameter and the stress-optical coefficient showing the greatest sensitivity. In the case of the cis–trans copolymer, the crystallization involves trans sequences, which are of relatively high melting point, and thus occurs at a temperature higher than for the lower melting cis sequences in the high-cis networks. The results which were free from the effects of network crystallization were used to calculate values of the temperature coefficient of the unperturbed dimensions of the chains, and values of the optical-configuration parameter. These configuration-dependent properties were found to be in satisfactory agreement with previously published theoretical results based on a rotational isomeric state model of these chain molecules.
Subcellular distribution of drugs in rat pancreas.

Abstract 1. To explain the report that drugs which are organic bases preferentially accumulate in the pancreas, labeled decamethonium, l -methadone and propranolol were injected s.c. into rats. 2. Animals were sacrificed 100–120 min later, the pancreas removed and separated into subcellular fractions. 3. The largest concentrations of the weak bases, methadone and propranolol, were generally found in mitochondria-rich fractions. 4. By contrast, the strong base decamethonium was more associated with granule than with mitochondria-rich fractions, but the highest concentrations of decamethonium occurred in microsomes, supernatant and crude nuclear fractions. 5. These data suggest that the charge on the drug molecule is important in determining subcellular distribution and that binding of weak bases by mitochondria explains in part the preferential accumulation of these substances in pancreas.
Control of AC Motor Drives: Performance Evaluation of Industrial State of Art and New Technique

Achieving fast, smooth and robust control of torque has been a motivation for research in the ac drives industry. The challenge is to replace the maintenance prone dc motor drives with more rugged and efficient motor drives. To this end, two methods, (a) Field oriented Control (FOC) and (b) the Direct torque control (DTC) have gained prominence. FOC is a current control method and needs co-ordinate transformation. Torque dynamic depends upon various factors which also decide the steady state performance. Classical DTC on the other hand is more robust and has physically the fastest possible torque dynamic. These methods have succeeded to achieve a fast and dynamically decoupled torque control but at what expense? Problems of FOC are, saturation of current controllers, current control in the overmodulation range and parameter sensitivity. Problems with DTC are, variable switching frequency and sampling period dependance of hysteresis controllers, during digital implementation . This paper highlights these problems and shows how to solve them by exploiting the advantages of both methods. Dynamic and steady state analysis has been carried out for validation of the concepts with requisite simulation and experimental results.
An investigation of the production of ejectives by native (L1) and second (L2) language speakers of Q'eqchi' Mayan

Abstract This study examines the production of voiceless unaspirated stops and ejective stops by native (L1) and second language (L2) speakers of Q'eqchi' to determine (1) whether there were acoustic differences (in voice onset time and burst duration) between voiceless unaspirated stops and ejective stops and (2) whether L2 speakers were more accurate at producing phones that are similar to the native language (voiceless unaspirated stops) than those that are different (ejective stops). Acoustic analyses of the stops produced by the ten L1 and thirteen L2 Q'eqchi' speakers revealed (1) that L1 speakers make a distinction in voice onset time and at times in burst duration in ejective versus voiceless unaspirated stops, (2) L2 speakers can produce a difference between ejective and voiceless unaspirated stops and (3) L2 speakers are more accurate at producing ejective than voiceless unaspirated stops. These results suggest that L2 speakers are actually less accurate at producing L2 phones that are similar versus less similar to native language phones. Results are discussed in light of current theories of L2 speech learning.
Ciliates associated with signs of disease on two Caribbean corals

Coral diseases have contributed significantly to the decline in coral cover in the Caribbean. As many as twenty diseases have been described for Caribbean corals, but few have known etiologies. Here we report on disease signs that were accompanied by high densities of motile, holotrich ciliates, on two species of Caribbean corals, Orbicella faveolata and Siderastrea siderea, which were field collected and maintained in aquaria. A visually estimated increase in ciliate density in the tissue of the coral colonies reflected a putative progression of three ‘different’ disease signs: white-plague-like, brown-band-like, and brown-jelly-like signs. The latter two diseases have previously only been described for corals in the Indo-Pacific, and in aquaria, respectively. Although it remains unclear whether these ciliates are primary pathogens or secondary opportunists, increasing evidence suggests that motile ciliates may play a role in Caribbean-coral diseases.
Chronic estradiol-17β exposure suppresses hypothalamic norepinephrine release and the steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge: Role of nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase

Abstract Chronic exposure to estrogens is known to produce a variety of deleterious effects in women including breast and ovarian cancer and anovulation. In female rats, exposure to low levels of estradiol-17β (E2) decreases hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and cause failure of ovulation. We hypothesized that E2 exposure most likely decreases NE release in the medial preoptic area (MPA) of the hypothalamus to produce this effect and that this may be due to E2-induced inflammatory changes in noradrenergic nuclei leading to nitration of an enzyme involved in NE synthesis. To test this, female Sprague Dawley rats were sham implanted or implanted with slow release E2 pellets (20 ng/day) for 30, 60 or 90 days (E30, E60 and E90 respectively). At the end of the treatment period, the rats were implanted with a push–pull cannula in the MPA, ovariectomized and steroid primied to induce a LH surge and subjected to push-pull perfusion. Perfusates were analyzed for NE levels using HPLC-EC. Blood samples collected simultaneously were analyzed for LH levels. We measured interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitrate levels in brainstem noradrenergic nuclei that innervate the MPA. In control animals, there was a marked increase in NE levels in response to steroid priming at 1600 h that was reduced in the E30 group, and completely abolished after 60 and 90 days of E2 exposure. LH profiles were similar to NE release profiles in control and E2-treated animals. We found that IL-1β levels increased in all three (A1, A2 and A6) noradrenergic nuclei with chronic E2 exposure, while nitrate levels increased only in the A6 region. There was an increase in the nitration of the NE synthesizing enzyme in the MPA in this group as well probably contributing to reduced NE synthesis. This could be a possible mechanism by which chronic E2 exposure decreases NE levels in the MPA to suppress the LH surge.
An IR-External Reflection Spectroscopy Sample Holder Which Facilitates Reproducible Substrate Positioning:

Infrared external reflection spectroscopy (IR-ERS) has become an important tool for probing the molecular architecture of chemically modified surfaces. Combined with considerations based on classical electromagnetic theory, this technique has been used to characterize monomolecular and thin polymeric films at surfaces with a variety of reflectivities. Research efforts in the areas of adhesion, electrocatalysis, corrosion inhibition, and microelectronics have all benefitted from the information obtained by IR-ERS.