cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen free radicals mediate the induction of manganese superoxide dismutase gene expression by TNF-α

Abstract In this study, the hypothesis that oxygen free radicals act as intracellular messengers is examined. Treatment of human oral carcinoma SCC-25 cells with 200 ng/ml human TNF-α for 6 h greatly increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression as detected by western blotting, RT-PCR, and nuclear run-on experiments. In the presence of the oxygen free radical spin trapping reagent, 5,5-dimethyl pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), the induction of MnSOD gene expression by TNF-α was significantly reduced. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments showed that the production of oxygen free radicals was enhanced in TNF-α treated cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that the induction of MnSOD expression by TNF-α is at least partially mediated by intracellular formation of oxygen free radicals, and that superoxide is most likely the initiating species involved in the mediation of MnSOD gene expression by TNF-α.
The Effects of U.S. Foreign Assistance on Democracy Building, 1990–2003

Democracy promotion has been an explicit doctrine of U.S. foreign policy since the end of the cold war. Between 1990 and 2003 resources for democracy programs increased by over 500 percent. Has this policy worked? Prior research has been inconclusive, relying either on case studies or on quantitative efforts that have not distinguished overall foreign assistance from democracy promotion. The authors answer this question using a new data set that includes program information for 165 countries for the years 1990–2003. The analysis distinguishes between direct and indirect causal mechanisms and employs a variety of statistical models that allow the authors to control for the unique democratization trend in each country when assessing causal effects, as well as for the potential endogeneity of U.S. democracy assistance. The analysis shows that democracy assistance does indeed have a significant impact.
SEXUALITY AND PROSTITUTION AMONG THE AKAN OF THE GOLD COAST c. 1650–1950

La prostitution en Afrique a generalement ete presentee comme un phenomene principalement urbain et capitaliste, la ville permettant l'anonymat necessaire a la prostitution. Cet article etudie la prostitution des femmes Akan en milieu rural et dans les premiers noyaux urbains de l'ancienne Cote d'Or (Ghana actuel) pendant les periodes precoloniale et coloniale, du XVII e siecle jusqu'en 1950. La sexualite, la politique et l'economie morale sont abordees a travers une approche d'anthropologie historique des genres et des relations de pouvoir. Il existe une difference fondamentale entre les prostituees et les femmes publiques, generalement des esclaves placees sous l'autorite de l'elite politique des villages et des villes. La fonction instutionnalisee des femmes publiques permet d'eclairer la perception de la sexualite, les relations de genre, les mutations de ces relations dans un contexte de changement politique. A la fin du XIX e siecle le pouvoir colonial a officiellement aboli l'institution ancienne des femmes publiques et en a fait une activite de prostitution ou l'autonomie relative des femmes a ete effacee.
Bleomycins: new methods will allow reinvestigation of old issues

The bleomycins (BLMs) are used clinically in combination chemotherapy, their clinical usefulness being limited by the accompanying pulmonary toxicity. Much has been learned about the structure and function of BLMs in vitro. However, the mechanism of their cytoxicity in vivo, including their target(s), metal cofactor(s) effecting nucleic acid cleavage and its (their) oxidation state, concentrations of BLM in the nucleus of the cell, BLM metabolism, hot spots for double-strand DNA cleavage, and their repair, have remained elusive. New methods offer new opportunities to revisit and solve old problems, which could ultimately lead to development of a more effective therapeutic.
Recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, growth hormone responsiveness and sleep EEG pattern in a patient following removal of an adrenal cortical adenoma.

ABSTRACT A patient with Cushing's syndrome secondary to an adrenal cortical adenoma exhibited low plasma ACTH levels, diminished adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, absence of circadian periodicity of plasma ACTH and cortisol levels, absence of plasma ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone response to hypoglycemia or Pitressin® administration and absence of the nocturnal elevation of plasma growth hormone levels. EEG sleep stages III and IV were absent and there was an increase in the percentage of Stage I sleep and a reduction in REM periods. Repeat studies were performed 3¾12, 7, 12 and 16 months postoperatively. Return of normal adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, normal basal plasma ACTH and growth hormone levels, and normal plasma ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone responses to Pitressin® and hypoglycemia were noted in the study 3¾12 months postoperatively. Circadian periodicity of plasma ACTH and cortisol levels and nocturnal elevation of plasma growth hormone levels was not evident until 7 months postoperatively...
Water and Energy Interactions

Water and Energy Interactions James E. McMahon and Sarah K. Price Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Department Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 August 2011 This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
1995 William J. Stickel Gold Award. High strain rate tissue deformation. A theory on the mechanical etiology of diabetic foot ulcerations

Foot ulcerations are one of the most common and dangerous complications associated with chronic diabetes mellitus. Many studies have focused on neuropathy, in conjunction with elevated ground reactive forces, as the principal cause of these ulcerations. The authors discuss the mechanical cause of diabetic ulcerations at the cellular level. It is hypothesized that increased rate of tissue deformation associated with foot slap secondary to progressive motor neuropathy is the actual culprit, and not the magnitude of local pressure applied. The authors present a cellular model that shows that high rates of tissue deformation may result in elevated intracellular calcium concentrations, which may lead to cellular death, while comparable loads gradually applied do not. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in the response observed at 5 psi and 10 psi. Based on these findings, it is hypothesized that techniques such as ankle foot orthoses, which control the velocity of foot strike, may be useful in treating diabetic foot ulcerations.
A mechanistic model of plasma filtration

A model describing the sieving and transmembrane pressure behavior of plasma filtration is developed and numerically simulated. The model assumes a mechanistic criteria for particle passage through a membrane with cylindrical pores. The initial pore diameter distribution and porosity are assumed to be known. Model inputs include the particle diameter distribution, concentration and total flow rate of the permeate plasma solution. Outputs of the model include transmembrane pressure, the time-averaged sieving coefficients, and size distributions of the deposited particles and accumulated filtrate particles. Optimal filtration is characterized by high, stable sieving coefficients for desired particles, high retention of larger particles and relatively small increases in transmembrane pressure. These characteristics are realized for membranes with mean pore diameters equal to or slightly larger than mean permeate particle diameters. Simulations demonstrate that the incorporation of membrane properties into models of plasma filtration is both significant and readily possible.
National Athletic Trainers' Association-Accredited Postprofessional Athletic Training Education: Attractors and Career Intentions

Context Anecdotally, we know that students select graduate programs based on location, finances, and future career goals. Empirically, however, we lack information on what attracts a student to the...
Why the US Mortgage Sysem Failed and What to Do About it

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (F&F) funded "conforming" mortgages with cheap debt no matter how little capital they had or how risky the loans due to their agency status. During the last decade, private label securitizers (PLSers) were for the first time able to compete due to SEC credit rating agency and both SEC and bank risk based capital regulations that allowed them to do the same thing. Implicit F&F and PLS subsidies totaling about $10 billion per trillion dollars - cumulatively about $800 billion for the decade - "pulled" both F&F and PLS into sub-prime lending, while government housing policy "pushed." F&F competed with PLSers by increasing both leverage and loan risk, but also cooperated by meeting F&F housing goals with AAA PLS based on pools of sub-prime loans, shifting losses to PLS CDOs. Cross subsidies at F&F and investor accounting for PLSers made this seemingly profitable from 2000 through 2004. Then PLSers and F&F first "went for broke" funding unprofitable pools of sub-prime loans virtually sure to default, and eventually "went broke," causing the lending bubble of 2005-2007 to inflate to systemic proportions and both F&F and PLSers to fail. Properly structured private label "covered bonds" in lieu of F&F and "mortgage backed securities (MBS)" would eliminate the subsidies, fix the accounting problem, reduce the likelihood of regulatory distortions, and mitigate systemic risk.
Entry of Rhabdoviruses Into Animal Cells

Entry is the first step in the infectious life cycle of a virus. In the case of rhabdoviruses, entry is facilitated exclusively by the envelope glycoprotein G and its interactions with the host cell. For vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), attachment to the cell surface was thought to be facilitated by interactions with the lipid phosphatidylserine, however recent work suggests that it is in fact initiated by recognition of proteinaeous receptors. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis delivers the virions into endosomes where they have been proposed to traffic to multi-vesicular bodies. There, the viral envelope fuses with internal vesicles in a process mediated by glycoprotein G in a pH- and phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. A clear mechanistic understanding of glycoprotein G mediated fusion has yet to be obtained, however current data suggests that it is likely facilitated by events distinct from Class I or Class II fusion proteins of other viruses. Rhabdoviruses are also notable in that their fusion protein exists in a reversible pH-dependent equilibrium, which prevents irreversible preactivation during assembly, and may prove to be relevant in the mediation of cell-to-cell fusion - an alternate form of viral spread.
Endovascular Therapy for Aortic Dissection

The recent development of endovascular stent-graft technology and its application as an alternative management strategy to medical therapy or open surgical intervention of patients with aortic dissection is an exciting and potentially valuable advance. As conventional treatments for aortic dissection and its attendant complications are often associated with significant failure rates, result in substantial morbidity and mortality, and/or do little to reduce the risk of aneurysm formation as late sequelae improved treatment options are desired. Here, we have reviewed the current clinical experience with stent-graft placement for treatment of complicated and uncomplicated acute type B dissection, retrograde type A dissection, chronic dissection, and PAU. It is imperative to first appreciate the wide array of clinical, anatomic, and temporal manifestations within the umbrella pathology of aortic dissection. Evaluation of the role of endoluminal stent-graft technology must be performed within the context of each of these subgroups through rigorous, prospective controlled investigations and compared against respective standard treatment. Although this poses a much more significant challenge, the encouraging early results highlighted here underscore the potential for stent-graft therapy to supplant conventional — and often suboptimal — treatment paradigms and to provide patients with a less invasive therapeutic alternative that may concomitantly achieve gains in survival.
ATP depletion induces an increase in the assembly of a labile pool of polymerized actin in endothelial cells

Depletion of cellular ATP is associated with profound effects on the cytoskeleton, particularly disruption of microfilaments. We examined this process in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells b...
Inorganic Phosphate, Pyrophosphate and the Diphosphonates Activate Bone (Calvaria) Glutaminase

Inorganic phosphate (Pi), pyrophosphate (PPi) and its synthetic analogues, dichloromethanediphosphonate (Cl2MDP) and 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) compete for sites in bone mineral affecting the formation and dissolution of apatite.1 The diphosphonates may also affect the metabolism of bone and cartilage cells and possibly other tissues by interacting with enzymes or proteins which bind phosphate or phosphorylated intermediates. Available data indicate that Cl2MDP increases the production of CO2 from acetate, leucine, citrate and palmitate; stimulates the synthesis of collagen, proteoglycans and glycogen; increases alkaline phosphatase activity and inhibits lactate formation in cultured calvaria cells.2,3
The Impact of Advertised Sale Duration on Consumer Perceptions

This paper explores the effects that advertisements for sales of limited duration have upon consumers’ perceptions. An experimental approach is used to test the relative impact of advertised sales of one, three and five day duration along with a control group. Psychological reactance theory is used as a guiding framework. The results tend to indicate that the advertised duration of a sale is capable of affecting consumer perceptions. Specifically, advertised sales of shorter duration appear to be capable of arousing incremental attraction. Directions for future research are also explored.
Special Economic Zones and the Perpetual Pluralism of Global Trade and Labor Migration

When we think about the legal drivers of globalization, why does the free movement of people lag so far behind the free movement of goods and services? While agreements to lower barriers to cross-border trade are enforced by global legal rules and institutions, national governments indisputably control and limit cross-border labor migration. However, the relationship between trade and labor migration in international law is anything but clear-cut and simple. Rather, as this Article shows, it is ad hoc, decentralized, and pluralistic. This Article focuses on the use of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) as an illuminating example. SEZs enable countries to selectively open borders to higher-skilled foreign workers while maximizing economic returns and minimizing socio-political costs. While advantageous to individual countries, this Article argues that the pluralistic status quo hinders comprehensive initiatives to harmonize the liberalization of trade and labor and promote freedom of movement in international labor markets.
Extracorporeal Life Support After Pulmonary Endarterectomy as a Bridge to Recovery or Transplantation: Lessons From 31 Consecutive Patients

Background Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) can be used to sustain patients having cardiorespiratory failure after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We aimed to assess outcomes and to identify factors associated with short-term survival among patients who required ECLS after PEA. Methods We reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who required ECLS after PEA between 2005 and 2013 at our institution. Patients with failed PEA were scheduled for heart-lung transplantation, and patients with potentially reversible hemodynamic or respiratory failure were given appropriate supportive care until recovery. Results Of the 829 patients who underwent PEA, 31 (3.7%) required postoperative ECLS. Of these, 23 continued to receive support, and 8 were listed for heart-lung transplantation during ECLS. Overall inhospital survival was 48.4% (15 of 31). Of patients listed for transplantation, 2 died while on support; 4 of the 6 patients undergoing transplantation lived to hospital discharge. Of the 23 supportive care patients, 11 (47.8%) were alive at hospital discharge. The factors associated with survival were younger age ( p = 0.02), larger post-PEA decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure ( p = 0.020), lower post-PEA total pulmonary resistance ( p = 0.008), and pure respiratory failure related to reperfusion edema or airway bleeding ( p = 0.003). Conclusions Extracorporeal life support may be useful to support patients with complications after PEA either to recovery or to salvage transplantation.
Choice of Embedded Linux System

With the rapid development of embedded Linux system, now there are many kinds of mature product on market, and that how to choose a suitable system for the project become more and more important. This paper presents the analysis of two representative embedded Linux systems over their real-time capabilities, development environment and development of application etc. and which gives the project some good advice.
Can hospitalizations be avoided by having a regular source of care

Background and objectives This study sought to determine whether Medicaid patients with a regular source of care (RSOC) are less likely to be hospitalized, either for all conditions or for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), than those without an RSOC. Methods This population-based survey study examined Delaware Medicaid patients ages 0-64 over a 1-year period from September 1992 to August 1993 (n = 22,862). Patients who had made more than 50% of their physician office visits to the same provider group were considered to have an RSOC. The probability of hospitalization for all conditions and for ACSCs was compared for persons with and without an RSOC. Results Eighty-one percent of Medicaid clients had an RSOC, 75% of whom were primary care physicians. Persons with an RSOC were not less likely than those without an RSOC to be hospitalized for any condition (15% versus 14.6%) or for ACSCs (3.4% versus 3.2%). The results were not substantially different for persons who used primary care physicians as their RSOC. Conclusions Having an RSOC is not associated with a lower likelihood of hospitalization for the Medicaid population, either for all conditions or for ACSCs. While providing access to care may have other positive benefits, simply providing Medicaid patients with an RSOC is unlikely to result in a short-term reduction in hospital admissions.
Laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by Legionella species.

The selection of diagnostic tests for Legionella infection depends on the resources of the individual laboratory and the frequency of the infection in the community. The advantages and disadvantages of currently available tests are evaluated. The use of multiple techniques has been shown to facilitate diagnosis.
Long term outcomes of cardiac transplant for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: The Mayo Clinic experience.

Long term outcomes of cardiac transplant for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: The Mayo Clinic experience
WE-AB-206-01: Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging Quality Assurance

The involvement of medical physicists in diagnostic ultrasound imaging service is increasing due to QC and accreditation requirements. The goal of this ultrasound hands-on workshop is to demonstrate quality control (QC) testing in diagnostic ultrasound and to provide updates in ACR ultrasound accreditation requirements. The first half of this workshop will include two presentations reviewing diagnostic ultrasound QA/QC and ACR ultrasound accreditation requirements. The second half of the workshop will include live demonstrations of basic QC tests. An array of ultrasound testing phantoms and ultrasound scanners will be available for attendees to learn diagnostic ultrasound QC in a hands-on environment with live demonstrations and on-site instructors. The targeted attendees are medical physicists in diagnostic imaging. Learning Objectives: 1.Gain familiarity with common elements of a QA/QC program for diagnostic ultrasound imaging 2.dentify QC tools available for testing diagnostic ultrasound systems and learn how to use these tools 3.Learn ACR ultrasound accreditation requirements Jennifer Walter is an employee of American College of Radiology on Ultrasound Accreditation.
Emily Brontë, [‘A Diary Note’ — No. 3] (1841), in Shakespeare Head Brontë, vol. i, p. 238

It is Friday evening, near 9 o’clock — wild rainy weather. I am seated in the dining-room alone, having just concluded tidying our desk boxes, writing this document. Papa is in the parlour — aunt upstairs in her room. She has been reading Blackwood’s Magazine to papa. Victoria and Adelaide are ensconced in the peat-house. Keeper is in the kitchen — Hero in his cage.1 We are all stout and hearty, as I hope is the case with Charlotte, Branwell, and Anne, of whom the first is at John White, Esq., Upperwood House, Rawdon; the second is at Luddenden Foot; and the third is, I believe, at Scarborough, inditing perhaps a paper corresponding to this.
The Origin of Insight in Mathematics

This paper has four objectives: (1) to address some psychological sources that motivate creative mathematicians to do sustained research, (2) to use case studies and self-reports to identify cognitive and mathematical strategies, (3) to give inspiring examples of creative breakthroughs in the teaching of mathematics, (4) to report on a startling recent discovery in artificial intelligence, with thought-provoking implications for the management of human intelligence: the pursuit of novelty, unrestricted by any other prescribed goal or objective, radically speeds up evolutionary adaptation.
Editor’s Highlight: Development of an In vitro Assay Measuring Uterine-Specific Estrogenic Responses for Use in Chemical Safety Assessment

A toxicity pathway approach was taken to develop an in vitro assay using human uterine epithelial adenocarcinoma (Ishikawa) cells as a replacement for measuring an in vivo uterotrophic response to estrogens. The Ishikawa cell was determined to be fit for the purpose of recapitulating in vivo uterine response by verifying fidelity of the biological pathway components and the dose-response predictions to women of child-bearing age. Expression of the suite of estrogen receptors that control uterine proliferation (ERα66, ERα46, ERα36, ERβ, G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)) were confirmed across passages and treatment conditions. Phenotypic responses to ethinyl estradiol (EE) from transcriptional activation of ER-mediated genes, to ALP enzyme induction and cellular proliferation occurred at concentrations consistent with estrogenic activity in adult women (low picomolar). To confirm utility of this model to predict concentration-response for uterine proliferation with xenobiotics, we tested the concentration-response for compounds with known uterine estrogenic activity in humans and compared the results to assays from the ToxCast and Tox21 suite of estrogen assays. The Ishikawa proliferation assay was consistent with in vivo responses and was a more sensitive measure of uterine response. Because this assay was constructed by first mapping the key molecular events for cellular response, and then ensuring that the assay incorporated these events, the resulting cellular assay should be a reliable tool for identifying estrogenic compounds and may provide improved quantitation of chemical concentration response for in vitro-based safety assessments.
Strong, Tough, Stretchable, and Self-Adhesive Hydrogels from Intrinsically Unstructured Proteins

Strong, tough, stretchable, and self-adhesive hydrogels are designed with intrinsically unstructured proteins. The extraordinary mechanical properties exhibited by these materials are enabled by an integration of toughening mechanisms that maintain high elasticity and dissipate mechanical energy within the protein networks.
Subcortical Mapping Using an Electrified Cavitron UltraSonic Aspirator in Pediatric Supratentorial Surgery.

Background Intraoperative electrophysiology is increasingly used for various lesion resections, both in adult and pediatric brain surgery. Subcortical mapping is often used in adult surgery when lesions lie in proximity to the corticospinal tract (CST). We describe a novel technique of continuous subcortical mapping using an electrified Cavitron UltraSonic Aspirator (CUSA) in children with supratentorial lesions. Methods We evaluated the method of subcortical mapping using a CUSA as a stimulation probe. Included in this study were children ( Results Eleven children were included. Lesions were located in the thalamus (3), basal-ganglia (2), lateral ventricle (1), and convexity (5). Lesions included low-grade gliomas (6), arteriovenous malformation (1), cavernoma (1), cortical dysplasia (1), ependymoma grade II (1), and high-grade glioma (1). Seven patients had positive mapping responses to CUSA-based stimulation at various stimulation intensities. These responses led to a more limited resection in 5 cases. There were no complications related to the mapping technique. Conclusion Continuous CUSA-based subcortical stimulation is a feasible mapping technique for assessing proximity to the CST during resection of supratentorial lesions in children. Future studies should be performed to better correlate the current threshold for eliciting a motor response with the distance from the CST, as well as the effect of age on this technique.
Chronic TNFα Exposure Induces Robust Proliferation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells, but not Schwann Cells.

TNFα is persistently elevated in many injury and disease conditions. Previous reports of cytotoxicity of TNFα for oligodendrocytes and their progenitors suggest that the poor endogenous remyelination in patients with traumatic injury or multiple sclerosis may be due in part to persistent inflammation. Understanding the effects of inflammatory cytokines on potential cell therapy candidates is therefore important for evaluating the feasibility of their use. In this study, we assessed the effects of long term exposure to TNFα on viability, proliferation, migration and TNFα receptor expression of cultured rat olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells (SCs). Although OECs and SCs transplanted into the CNS produce similar myelinating phenotypes, and might be expected to have similar therapeutic uses, we report that they have very different sensitivities to TNFα. OECs exhibited positive proliferative responses to TNFα over a much broader range of concentrations than SCs. Low TNFα concentrations increased proliferation and migration of both OECs and SCs, but SC number declined in the presence of 100 ng/ml or higher concentrations of TNFα. In contrast, OECs exhibited enhanced proliferation even at high TNFα concentrations (up to 1 µg/ml) and showed no evidence of TNF cytotoxicity even at 4 weeks post-treatment. Furthermore, while both OECs and SCs expressed TNFαR1 and TNFαR2, TNFα receptor levels were downregulated in OECs after exposure to100 ng/ml TNFα for 5–7 days, but were either elevated or unchanged in SCs. These results imply that OECs may be a more suitable cell therapy candidate if transplanted into areas with persistent inflammation.
The Molecular Basis of Cellular Dysfunction in Prion Diseases

Our Neuropathology Research Laboratory at the University of California San Francisco has collaborated with Stanley Prusiner’s laboratory for almost 14 years. The vast majority of the laboratory work to be reported here was done and/or initiated by Krister Kristensson, M.D., a neuropathologist from Stockholm who spent a year in our laboratory; by four of our neuropathology research fellows, Hans Kretzschmar, M.D., Klaus Jendroska, M.D., Kondi Wong, M.D. and Randal Nixon, M.D., Ph.D.; and by a research associate in our laboratory, Yin Qiu, M.D., Ph.D. Our focus has been on the molecular and cellular mechanisms which cause nerve cell dysfunction, neuropathological changes, and nerve cell death in prion diseases. We began our studies following our first immunohistochemical study done in conjunction with Stanley Prusiner’s laboratory which showed that the amyloid plaques in scrapie-infected hamster brains and in human prion diseases contain protease resistant prion protein (PrPSc)1–4. From those early studies, it became clear that amyloidogenesis, which is very limited in amount in prion diseases and fails to occur in most cases of sporadic and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), does not account for neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. However, finding that protease resistant PrP can deposit as amyloid in prion diseases raised the possibility that PrPSc may be the cause of neurodegeneration in prion diseases. Consequently, we set out to test whether or not the accumulation of PrPSc in the brain is associated with the neuropathological changes characteristic of prion diseases and, if so, by what mechanisms could it cause neuronal dysfunction and death.
LEUKOCYTE KINETICS IN HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS STUDIED BY DNA-PHOSPHORUS LABELING.

Leukocyte physiology in the normal and in hematopoietic disease states in humans has been studied by DNA-P labeling with inorganic P32. In the normal there is a post-mitotic granulocyte reservoir in marrow about 17 times the size of the intravascular compartment. Progress through this reservoir is orderly and requires about 6 days. Some 1-2 x 1011 cells daily are released from it into the blood. In polycythemia vera there is an increased production of granulocytes. DNA-P labeling in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs at a very low level and is compatible with a very slow rate of cell renewal. In one patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, no disturbances in kinetics caused by a dose of 20 µc. of P32/Kg. were detected during the time of the study. Although a progressively rising concentration of label in circulating leukocyte DNA was found in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, without the lag suggesting a distinct marrow phase, it is concluded that the blood and extravascular leukopoietic compartments cannot be a single compartment. An essentially normal curve is obtained after induction of a complete remission with busulfan.
Factors Associated With Wandering Behaviors in Veterans With Mild Dementia: A Prospective Longitudinal Community-Based Study.

Objective:To investigate baseline factors associated with caregiver-reported wandering among community-dwelling veterans with mild dementia.Methods:Veterans with mild dementia (N = 143) and their c...
Paternal Diet and Obesity: Effects on Reproduction.

Although most research has focused on maternal obesity, there is growing data to indicate that obesity in the father can affect reproduction. Supporting data come from both mouse and human studies. Murine studies found that obese male mice exhibited decreased motility and reduced hyperactivated progression versus lean mice. Obese mice also exhibited sperm with increased levels of intracellular and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species, increased sperm damage, and lower levels of capacitation, which has been shown to be associated with poor fertilization rates following in vitro fertilization, defective preimplantation embryonic development, and high rates of miscarriage and morbidity in the offspring. Furthermore, diet-induced paternal obesity was found to initiate intergenerational transmission of obesity and insulin resistance in two generations of murine offspring. Meta-analysis from human studies found obese males were more likely to demonstrate sperm DNA fragmentation, infertility, decreased live birth per cycle of assisted reproduction technology, and increased absolute risk of pregnancy nonviability, with no consistent effect on conventional semen parameters. There is a need for future studies to expound on the mechanisms of sperm DNA damage and the impact of weight loss in reversing this damage.
Nuclear Science: Promises and Perceptions

The discovery of radioactivity at the turn of the last century and the discovery of fission at the end of the 1930’s was accompanied in both cases by the emergence of socio-political activism on the part of a number of prescient individuals.
Reorganizing and consolidating faculty development to support online teaching and learning: one university's experience

The purpose of this paper is 1) to offer a case history of one university's attempt to rethink faculty development for teaching and learning and 2) to specifically detail the reorganization and consolidation of services related to online teaching and learning. Authors will outline the research and resulting data that informed the processes leading to a redesigned center for teaching and learning and will identify the resulting key features aligned to a needs assessment and research-based practice for effective faculty development for online teaching and learning.
Using differential structure-from-motion photogrammetry to quantify erosion at the Engare Sero footprint site, Tanzania

Abstract Hominin footprint sites are excellent sources of data that provide insights into early human physiology, anatomy, and social structures. They are also potential tourist attractions that are often situated in relatively under-developed parts of the world. Unfortunately, many footprint sites are also located in high energy environments and/or are pressed into poorly indurated sediments, which make them highly susceptible to erosion. This paper proposes a non-invasive and low-cost method employing Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry to quantify erosion rates in the absence of permanent ground control points. Using point cloud comparison algorithms between data collected at different times, it is possible to quantitatively analyze the locations, volumes, and rates of material loss. We applied this technique to several footprints within the Engare Sero footprint site in northern Tanzania to assess erosional change between 2010 and 2017. Our comparisons show that prints are vertically eroding at average rates ranging from 0.10 to 0.17 mm/yr with some localized areas experiencing much higher rates over shorter durations. We identify three primary modes of erosion: 1) flaking, 2) abrasion, and 3) boring of holes. Erosion appears to have occurred episodically with major events, such as flooding, separated by periods of relative stability. The methods presented here are valuable for paleoanthropologists to better understand how footprint erosion might adversely affect inferences regarding print-makers, and they are valuable for decision-makers, who can create conservation plans to better protect and maximize the utility of known hominin footprint sites.
Measuring the Impact of Nonprofit Health Care Organizations

Health care provides an interesting arena in which to consider measurement of the impact of the nonprofit sector. This is a field in which extensive data are available because of the combination of third-party payment and large public programs (Medicare and Medicaid). (For an overview of data sources in health care, see Gray 1991, pp. 89–96). Yet utilization data are subject to many interpretations, as are many other measures of performance. This is a field that offers many lessons because of its rich array of ownership forms—for-profit, nonprofit, and public. Not surprisingly, form of ownership has become controversial and ideological, with both nonprofit and for-profit ownership viewed with suspicion in some quarters. Health care is also a field that is characterized by rapid change and organizational complexity.
Soft Tissue Problems

Accounts for up to 20% of new rheumatology referrals Appears to the primarily a manifestation of chronic psychosocial dis tress, which results in abnormal sensory processing in the CNS Is a diagnosis of exclusion characterised by poor sleep pattern, global muscle pain, fatigability and irritability. Associated with irritable bowel syndrome, tension headaches, chronic fatigue syndrome Often co-exists with diseases such as SLE and RA (prevalence of FMS in thos with SLE is 30% and causes most of the musculoskeletal pain)
Modeling the behavior of inclusions in circular plates undergoing shape changes from two to three dimensions.

Growth of biological tissues and shape changes of thin synthetic sheets are commonly induced by stimulation of isolated regions (inclusions) in the system. These inclusions apply internal forces on their surroundings that, in turn, promote 2D layers to acquire complex 3D configurations. We focus on a fundamental building block of these systems, and consider a circular plate that contains an inclusion with dilative strains. Based on the Foppl-von Karman (FvK) theory, we derive an analytical model that predicts the 2D-to-3D shape transitions in the system. Our findings are summarized in a phase diagram that reveals two distinct configurations in the post-buckling region. One is an extensive profile that holds close to the threshold of the instability, and the second is a localized profile, which preempts the extensive solution beyond the buckling threshold. While the former solution is derived as a perturbation around the flat configuration, assuming infinitesimal amplitudes, the latter solution is derived around a buckled state that is highly localized. We show that up to vanishingly small corrections that scale with the thickness, this localized configuration is equivalent to that expected for ultra-thin sheets, which completely relax compressive stresses. Our findings agree quantitatively with direct numerical minimization of the FvK energy. Furthermore, we extend the theory to describe shape transitions in polymeric gels, and compare the results with numerical simulations that account for the complete elastodynamic behavior of the gels. The agreement between the theory and these simulations indicates that our results are observable experimentally. Notably, our findings can provide guidelines to the analysis of more complicated systems that encompass interaction between several buckled inclusions.
Can word frequency norms based on small spoken corpora compete with norms based on popular written corpora

Current word frequency norms used in speech research are based on written corpora. Recently, Brysbaert and New (2009) presented newer frequency counts based on larger corpus of film and television subtitles, on the idea that these would more closely approximate actual spoken frequencies. Although Brysbaert and New (2009) showed that their frequencies significantly better predict visual reaction time data, they still used corpora with text that was originally written and perhaps heavily edited. In general, most speech researchers prefer using norms from a larger written corpora as norms from spoken corpora are often based on smaller number of tokens (i.e., less then one million). However, many studies use only a small subset of words, frequencies for which may not benefit from a large corpus. Furthermore, many studies dichotomize words into high- and low-frequency groups, thus rendering fine distinctions between frequencies of words computed using a large corpus potentially less useful. The first goal of the current project is to compute word frequency norms using only material from spoken corpora. The second goal is to compare predictions of performance from speech processing experiments of norms from spoken corpora with norms based on popular written corpora. Our preliminary results indicate that for the vast majority of familiar words that are likely to be used in small research studies, any frequency norm even from a small spoken corpus predicts equivalent amount of variance in lexical decision data.Current word frequency norms used in speech research are based on written corpora. Recently, Brysbaert and New (2009) presented newer frequency counts based on larger corpus of film and television subtitles, on the idea that these would more closely approximate actual spoken frequencies. Although Brysbaert and New (2009) showed that their frequencies significantly better predict visual reaction time data, they still used corpora with text that was originally written and perhaps heavily edited. In general, most speech researchers prefer using norms from a larger written corpora as norms from spoken corpora are often based on smaller number of tokens (i.e., less then one million). However, many studies use only a small subset of words, frequencies for which may not benefit from a large corpus. Furthermore, many studies dichotomize words into high- and low-frequency groups, thus rendering fine distinctions between frequencies of words computed using a large corpus potentially less useful. The first goal of t...
Layered Dynamics and System Effectiveness of Human-Autonomy Teams Under Degraded Conditions:

Project overviewTeamwork can be defined as dynamic team interaction between two or more interdependent members to achieve a shared goal. Many studies have examined how coordination dynamics are ass...
Dear white teacher: this black history month, take a knee

U.S. education is built upon a system of Whiteness, entrenched in White supremacy culture, and defended by White fragility. Within this framework, even a publicly-recognizable event intended to cen...
Do the uninsured demand less care? Evidence from Maryland’s hospitals

Uninsured individuals receive fewer healthcare services for at least three reasons: responsibility for the entire bill, higher prices, and potential provider reductions for concern of nonpayment. I isolate reductions when uninsured patients are solely financially responsible by capitalizing on Maryland’s highly regulated health care system. Prices are set by the state, are uniform across all patients, and hospitals are compensated for free care and bad debt. I use a unique feature of the data, multiple readmissions for patients who gain or lose insurance between visits, to isolate the reductions in quantity demanded when individuals are faced with paying the full price without an insurance contribution. A Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition estimates uninsured individuals receive 6% fewer services after accounting for differences in patient, illness, and hospital characteristics than when these same individuals are insured.
Precise control of magnetic fields and optical polarization in a time-orbiting potential trap

A time-orbiting potential trap confines neutral atoms in a rotating magnetic field. The rotation of the field can be useful for precision measurements, since it can average out some systematic effects. However, the field is more difficult to characterize than a static field, and it makes light applied to the atoms have a time-varying optical polarization relative to the quantization axis. These problems can be overcome by using stroboscopic techniques, where either a radio-frequency field or a laser is applied in pulses that are synchronized to the rotating field. By using these methods, the magnetic field can be characterized with a precision of 10 mG and light can be applied with a polarization error of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$.
Using Path Analysis to Test the Importance of Manipularle Influences on School Learning

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how path analysis could be used to answer the research question: Which are the important, manipulable influences on school learning? A general path mod...
Urban Wild Foraging–Walk with Me, a One-Mile Radius

Dilafruz Williams takes us on a journey of a one-mile radius where she lives, exposing a rich tapestry of trees, shrubs, herbs, and trailing vines that grace side-walks, city parks, and college campus grounds offering their bounties of food in various shapes, textures, smells, colors, and tastes. She also points to other gifts from her plant relatives: dyes for fabric and medicines for healing and health. Part memoir, she invites us to “notice” with all our senses as she narrates her own experiences of walking and wild foraging in Portland, Oregon, where she has lived for almost thirty years. Paying attention also means being in relationship with birds, insects, and animals with whom these plants are at home. Needing neither a paper map nor a google portal map, walking the streets, observing, listening, and remembering, she gets to know her place intimately. The web of life of which she is a part, instills deep understanding about relationships with place; no television screen or computer monitor can ever compete with real-life teachings and intricacies of embodied learning. As we walk with her to wild forage, we can feel the bounties of her place: hazelnut, oak, walnut, linden, cedar, douglas fir, pine, apple, cherry, fig, persimmon, plum, aroniaberry, blackberry, marionberry, serviceberry, blueberry, grape, Oregon grape, salal, stinging nettle, rosemary, wild mint, oregano, and fennel, are among the more than one hundred plants that she visits in friendship.
Sample Entropy Analysis of Horses with and without Lameness at Trot before and after Sedation

The horses were trotted in a straight line, and the acceleration data were recorded from the movement of the horse’s head. Inertial sensors were used to collect the information. The sample entropy was used to characterize the dynamics of horse gait. The gait of sound and lame horses was compared, and the sound horses had smaller values of the sample entropy. The effects of sedative detomidine on the gait of lame horses were also examined. The values of sample entropy for sedated horses were smaller than the values of the sample entropy for untreated horses. The sample entropy can provide important information about the dynamics of the equine gait.
Intestinal Enteroid Culture for Human Astroviruses

Human astroviruses (HAstV) are non-enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses that typically cause gastroenteritis in children, the elderly and among immunocompromised individuals. Some HAstV species have also been implicated in neurological diseases. It is important to study these viruses to understand the pathogenesis and develop therapeutics. Here we describe HAstV infection in epithelium-only human intestinal enteroids (HIE) isolated from biopsy-derived intestinal crypts. Although different HAstV clades have been propagated in transformed immortalized cell lines such as A549, Caco-2, HEK293T and Huh7.5, we chose HIE because they better mimic the human intestine and thus are more physiologically relevant. Additionally, HIE support the replication of all HAstV clades including clinical samples, thus making HIE a valuable potential universal model to study HAstV biology.
Friendly Combat Over Moral Combat: A Reply to My Critics

In this piece, I respond to critics who maintain that moral combat is not only possible, but ubiquitous. In the view of some, morality is role-relative, and thus the unique package of reasons for action possessed by someone within a given role may dictate a course of conduct that thwarts the actions required of others who do not share that role. Other critics instead defend meta-ethical moral relativism, from which it follows that two people who hail from distinct cultures may both be right (relative to their separate “forms of life”) in thwarting the actions of the other. A third line of attack is mounted by critics who believe that certain first-order moral values are incommensurable and who thus argue that two people may both be blameless in pursuing incommensurably valuable but mutually incompatible goals at each other’s expense. As I argue, all three of these strategies fail to vindicate the claim that our best theory of morality tolerates gladiatorial encounters in which one person’s moral success necessitates another’s moral failure.