cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Desorption of Adsorbed Pb in the Presence of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+) at Various pH Values in Two Variable Charge Soils

The major factors affecting desorption behavior, such as pH, and competitive cations (Cu2+ and Zn2+) were studied to understand mechanisms of adsorption and desorption of Pb in two variable charge soils (RAR and REQ). The results indicated that lead adsorption in both soils was well described by the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum Pb adsorption capacity of RAR and REQ were 10 899 mg·kg-1 and 6 195 mg·kg-1, respectively. And the pH of adsorption equilibrium solution decreased with the increase of lead adsorption. The amount of Pb desorbed decreased with increasing pH, especially the pH values between 1.00 to 4.00. The pH of the desorption equilibrium solution changed little at this range. When pH was below 4.00, the desorption equilibrium solution did not increase with the increase of system pH but leveled off at 4.40 to 5.60. The amount of desorbed Pb increased with the amounts of Cu2+ and Zn2+ added. And furthermore, the effect of Cu2+ was greater than Zn2+ at the same ion concentration. The desorption rate of RAR and REQ increased from 9.6% and 15.9% to 83.8% and 98.2%, respectively with Cu2+ concentration increased from 0 mmol·L-1 to 20 mmol·L-1, and the corresponding values were up to 81.2% and 89.9%, respectively for Zn2+.
Investigation of Clonorchis sinensis Infection in Freshwater Fish in Shenzhen City

Objective To investigate infection situation of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fish in Shenzhen area, and to control the transmission and spread of Clonorchis sinensis in Shenzhen area. Methods Freshwater fishes from Nanshan, Futian, Yantian, Luohu, Baoan and Longgang were examined for metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis using digestion method and PCR. Results The encysted metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis were found in the muscles of freshwater fishes collected from the above six districts.The situation of metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes was the most serious in Longgang and less serious in Luohu. The infection rate of campo was the highest in all kinds of the fish. Conclusion The infection situation of Clonorchis sinensis in feshwater fish from Shenzhen area was quite severe and the control of Clonorchis sinensis infection must be enforced.
Clinical and hemodynamic criteria for use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in patients requiring cardiac surgery.

In order to establish criteria for elective use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients having cardiac surgery, we conducted a retrospective study of 43 patients who required counterpulsation, because of inability to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, between May, 1972, and June, 1974. Patients in cardiogenic shock preoperatively were excluded. The 43 patients included 23 (Group A) who had severe preoperative left ventricular dysfunction with a mean cardiac index less than 1.8 L. per minute per square meter, ejection fraction less than 30 per cent, and end-diastolic pressure greater than 22 mm. Hg; 20 patients (Group B) had a combination of moderate cardiac dysfunction (cardiac index less than 2.2, ejection fraction less than 40, end-diastolic pressure less than 18) in the presence of acute infarction or severe aortic stenosis (gradient greater than 80 mm. Hg) with or without coronary disease. An inverse relationship was noted between survival and delay from completion of operation to the use of IABP. Thirty-two of 43 patients were weaned off bypass and were balloon assisted for 12 to 96 hours postoperatively; 25 patients were discharged (58 per cent). In Subgroup A, 14 of 23 (60 per cent) and, in Subgroup B, 9 of 20 (45 per cent) were long-term survivors. Based on these findings, 45 patients were operated upon between June, 1974, and December, 1975, with elective use of IABP and were assessed by serial hemodynamic studies. Sixteen had severe preoperative left ventricular dysfunction similar to Subgroup A and 29 had moderate dysfunction in combination with pathology similar to Subgroup B. Fifteen of these patients were hemodynamic ally unstable at time of arrival in the operating room; IABP was inserted under local anesthesia. Thirty-nine patients (87 per cent) were weaned off bypass and were hospital survivors. In Subgroup A, 13 of 16 (81 per cent) and, in Group B, 21 of 29 (72 per cent) were long-term survivors. Criteria for elective use of IABP in cardiac surgery should include severe preoperative left ventricular dysfunction or a combination of moderate dysfunction with coronary or valvular pathology. Elective IABP improves the survival with trivial iatrogenic morbidity.
Chapter 57 – Serum Proteomic Profiling and Analysis

This chapter provides an overview of the proteome profiling technology and its potential benefits for identification and clinical assessment of progression of pathological conditions. The introduction of modern mass spectrometry (MS) strategies and tools—assessing data-dense putative markers associated with inflammatory or immune endpoints—has changed the world of biological investigation. SELDITOF (surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) technology is one of these increasingly popular tools, using “shooting” of protein mixtures with focused lasers, in the search for known and surrogate biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. SELDITOF-MS rapidly provides a protein expression profile from a variety of biological and clinical samples. The potential efficacy of this system for serum protein profiling of cancer in human breast, colon, head and neck, lung, ovarian, prostate cancer, and hepatoma has been recently demonstrated. Technical limitations that affect the interpretive analysis of the profiles are discussed. Some statistical methods used to decipher the profiles and their usage in diagnosing or predicting the condition of patients are described in brief. The potential of these methods in the task of differentiating between individuals with and without cancer is discussed.
Computational Study of the Asymptotic Flow Structure of a High-Aspect-Ratio Swept Wing in Transonic Flow

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a transonic flow analysis of swept-wings based on an asymptotic theory for high aspect ratio (AR). It also presents examples involving supercritical component flows, with and without embedded shocks. The chapter presents a comparison of the results with data from computer codes based on full-potential equations. Wing sweep has been regarded by aeronautical engineers as an indispensable design feature for high-speed flight. The basic wingsection in a modern design is an adaptation of one among the many supercritical airfoils found promising from computational and/or experimental studies. The flow analysis in this case is necessarily nonlinear, and the formulation must allow the coexistence of the elliptic and the hyperbolic regions and also the appearance of shock waves. A key feature of this approach rests on the induced upwash calculation, which—unlike the classical theory—must take into account the influence of the local sweep angle and the curvature of the platform centerline.
The field, fermented: Prestige and the vocational bind in communication research:

This commentary argues that communication research’s main problem is reputational. The field’s marginal status—a product of its peculiar institutional history, with roots in vocational training—means that our work is not read by scholars from other disciplines. My claim is that the vocational model exacts a steep reputational price. The gap in prestige between the mainline disciplines and communication means that our scholarship is simply not read. Exiled to the professional-school margins of the university, communication scholars toil away in well-heeled obscurity. In exchange for relinquishing jurisdiction over media and communication, the commentary concludes, we might join a dynamic crossroads—where the vocational underwriting will not loom as large.
Performance optimization of multiple U-Slot antennas using theory of characteristic modes

In this paper, fundamental design tradeoffs of multiple U-Slot loaded antenna terminals are presented in the framework of characteristic mode analysis. In particular, interactions between antennas has been investigated using characteristic modes in both analysis and simulation. The results reveal that characteristic modes play an important role in determining optimal location of antennas for low mutual coupling. Moreover, the overall performance can be influenced by carefully exciting certain modes in U-Slot antennas. The modal analysis of two U-Slot antennas will lead to an efficient phased array design with low mutual coupling and wide scan angle. Two techniques, based on characteristic modes, are proposed to design optimally located multiple antenna terminals with wide bandwidth and mutual coupling below −20 dB. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed approaches, two single layer, probe fed U-Slot antennas are designed, simulated and investigated using characteristics modes.
SLEEP PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH RISK FOR LETHAL REBREATHING AMONG 206 INFANTS DYING SUDDENLY AND UNEXPECTEDLY. • 2326

SLEEP PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH RISK FOR LETHAL REBREATHING AMONG 206 INFANTS DYING SUDDENLY AND UNEXPECTEDLY. • 2326
Machine Learning and Rare Variant Adjudication in Type 1 Long QT Syndrome.

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a clinically and genetically heterogenous disorder of myocardial repolarization that often manifests clinically as heart rate–corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation on 12-lead ECG and increased risk of syncope and sudden cardiac death.1,2 Among phenotypically robust nonsyndromic LQTS cases (ie, persistent QTc prolongation ≥480 ms or Schwartz diagnostic score ≥3.5), ≈75% are anticipated to harbor a heterozygous pathogenic variant in 1 of the 3 major LQTS-susceptibility genes ( KCNQ1 /LQT1, ≈35%; KCNH2 /LQT2, ≈30%; and SCN5A /LQT3, ≈10%).2–4 As a result of established genotype-phenotype correlations, the identification of a putative pathogenic KCNQ1 , KCNH2 , or SCN5A genetic variant often enables use of genotype-guided approaches to risk stratification and clinical management.5 As such, current Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association guidelines consider LQTS-specific genetic testing for individuals with a strong clinical suspicion of LQTS based on clinical/family history and electrocardiographic phenotype as a class I recommendation.6 See Article by Li et al However, even when potentially LQTS-causative rare variants are unearthed, the presence of a ≈3% to 8% background rate of rare KCNQ1 , KCNH2 , and SCN5A nonsynonymous variants in public exomes/genomes can make assignment of causation problematic.7–9 When coupled with the increased utilization of genetic testing to probe weak or nonexistent clinical phenotypes, whether out of concern for the marked incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity observed in most sudden cardiac death-predisposing genetic heart disorders10 or a failure to recognize the probablistic rather than binary nature of genetic testing, the net result has been a surge …
Clinical and hemodynamic effects of intra-aortic balloon pump therapy in chronic heart failure patients with cardiogenic shock.

Background The role of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) with cardiogenic shock (CS) is largely undefined. In this study we sought to assess the hemodynamic and clinical response to IABP in chronic HF patients with CS and identify predictors of response to this device. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing IABP implantation from 2011 to 2016 at our institution to identify chronic HF patients with acute decompensation and CS (cardiac index Results We identified 132 chronic HF patients with IABP placed after decompensation with hemodynamic evidence of CS. Overall 30-day survival was 84.1%, and 78.0% of patients were successfully bridged to HRT or discharge without need for escalation of device support. The complication rate during IABP support was 2.3%. Multivariable analysis identified ischemic cardiomyopathy (odds ratio [OR] 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16 to 9.06; p = 0.03) and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) Conclusions Overall outcomes with IABP in acute decompensated chronic HF patients are encouraging, and IABP is a reasonable first-line device for chronic HF patients with CS. Baseline right ventricular function, as measured by PAPi, is a major predictor of outcomes with IABP in this population.
Delayed Occipitocervical Instability With Cranial Settling After Far-Lateral Transcondylar Surgery for Invasive Skull Base Tumor

Background Occipitocervical instability is a rare but potentially severe complication of a far-lateral transcondylar surgical approach to the skull base. Objective To investigate the incidence of clinically significant occipitocervical instability after transcondylar surgery via a far-lateral approach and to determine whether the extent of occipital condyle resection relative to the hypoglossal canal was associated with the development of occipitocervical instability. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing far-lateral transcondylar surgery was performed at our institution to identify patients who developed postoperative occipitocervical instability. Results Of the 61 far-lateral transcondylar operations performed, the authors identified 2 cases of delayed occipitocervical instability after surgery. In each case, the patient had tumor invading into the occipital condyle and supracondylar region and a resection extending anterior to the hypoglossal canal was performed. Both patients presented with pathological fractures and a severe occipitocervical deformity. Conclusion Patients who have tumor involvement of the occipital condyle and supracondylar region and undergo partial unilateral condylar resection are at risk for occipitocervical instability and should be considered for occipitocervical fusion.
CALCIUM BINDING TO ELASTIN

Elastin is one of the primary structural components of arterial vessels. In its mature form, this protein is highly crosslinked and insoluble in most solvents (Partridge, 1962). Soluble fractions (α and β-elastins) of insoluble elastin may be prepared, however, by mild hydrolysis (Partridge, et al., 1955). Native soluble elastins have also been obtained after blocking the formation of crosslinks in vivo (Rucker et al., 1972, 1973; Sandberg et al., 1969; Smith et al., 1972). Native soluble elastin, often referred to as tropoelastin, is the precursor to insoluble elastin. The insoluble protein is associated with mucopolysacharide, lipid, collagen, microfibrillar and other protein in the form of elastin fibers (Ross, 1973; Ross and Bornstein, 1970).
Abstract 3145: Nationwide Trends in Inpatient Admission for Transient Ischemic Attack from 2005 to 2009

Objective: To characterize admission trends, length of stay, and hospital costs for transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the United States over a five year period. Introduction: Transient ischemic attacks are relatively common, affecting an estimated 200,000 to 500,000 Americans annually. Rates of admission and characteristics of hospitalized patients with suspected or diagnosed TIA are unknown. Design/Methods: We searched the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for adults discharged with a diagnosis of TIA (diagnosis related group 524) between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2009; this database represents approximately 20% of all inpatient admissions in the United States. Data reviewed included patient demographics, hospital and regional characteristics, length of stay, and costs associated with admission. Results: Over the five year period, the number of patients hospitalized for TIA did not vary significantly by year or demographics (38,451 per year; mean age 70.5 years; 59.1% female) though the proportions with hypertension (68.8% to 76.2%) and who were admitted to teaching hospitals (30.1% to 38.4%) increased significantly. Elective admissions also decreased over time from 5.0% to 3.4% (P Conclusions: Based on these data, we estimate that over 190,000 TIA patients are hospitalized each year in the United States. Despite the common rationale that TIA evaluation is expedited, average length of stay exceeds 2 days and costs exceeded $18,000 per patient in 2009. Teaching hospitals account for an increasing proportion of TIA admissions and are associated with higher costs. Further study is needed on cost-effective strategies (including expedited outpatient evaluation) for TIA patients.
Fine Structure of the Retina

Figure 6 depicts radial light microscopic sections of the baboon retina at the regions examined. The area of the foveal rim is shown in Figure 6A. At the arrowhead at the bottom is the thickest part (455 µm) of the retina. The shape of the fovea can vary considerably among individuals (Dawson et al. 1986). In this specimen, which has a very steep foveal slope, the foveal center is approximately 0.1 mm toward the left from the arrowhead (Fig. 6A). The downward-pointing arrow at the right indicates the retinal level internal of which the tangential sections are cut to study the inner retinal layers connected to the fovea by Henle’s fibers (h). The tissue columns used for this purpose are taken from a region approximately 500 µm from the center. At the foveal rim the thickness of the inner nuclear layer is 114 µm. Approximately 200 µm from the center, it tapers down to 75 µm. This thickness does not change for the next 1 mm. The ganglion cell layer (g) is the thickest just in the region, from which the tangential section of the foveal inner layers are taken.
Pembrolizumab Combined With Either Docetaxel or Gemcitabine in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Platinum-Refractory Urothelial Cancer: Results From a Phase I Study

Abstract Introduction Cytotoxic chemotherapy might prime urothelial cancer (UC) to checkpoint inhibition, prompting a trial of chemotherapy with the programmed death receptor-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced, platinum-refractory UC received pembrolizumab and either docetaxel (arm A) or gemcitabine (arm B). Primary end points were assessments of maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Secondary end points were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Twelve patients were enrolled in the initial cohorts; 6 in each arm. One DLT was seen in each arm: Grade 3 hypophosphatemia (arm A), Grade 3 diarrhea (arm B). Adverse events of Grade >3 were observed in 7 (54%), the most common being anemia (6; 50%), fatigue (6; 50%), hyponatremia (4; 33%) and neutropenia (3; 25%), with no treatment-related deaths. There were 5 confirmed responses (1 complete, 4 partial), with an ORR of 42% and disease control rate (DCR) of 58%. Arm A had an ORR of 50% and DCR of 67%, whereas arm B had an ORR of 33% and DCR of 50%. Median PFS was 4.8, 5.7, and 3.7 months for the overall cohort, arm A, and arm B, respectively. Conclusion Pembrolizumab with either docetaxel or gemcitabine is feasible for treatment of platinum-refractory advanced UC patients. Preliminary efficacy was observed. Further examination is warranted.
Recent Syntheses and Strategies toward Polycyclic Gelsemium Alkaloids

This Minireview is focused on an in-depth discussion of comparative strategies to construct the gelsemine and gelsedine classes of the gelsemium alkaloids. This document highlights the diversity of strategies used to access specific motifs found within these targets: a) the fused "[3.2.1]bicycle" (in gelsemine) and "oxabicycle" (in gelsedine class); b) the "piroxindole" moiety with C7 quaternary center; c) the "N-heterocycles" and d) the "THP" moiety with C20 quaternary center (in gelsemine).
Sexually-relevant visual and chemosensory signals induce distinct behaviors and neural activation patterns in the social african cichlid, astatotilapia burtoni

Across vertebrates, the use of multimodal (multiple sensory modalities) signals has evolved to convey important information to receivers. Information content of multimodal signals can be the same as or different from information in each unimodal signal, and are classified as redundant or non-redundant, respectively, based on receivers' behavioral responses. Despite the prevalence and importance of multimodal signaling across taxa, relatively little is known about how and where these signals are processed in the brains of receivers. We used the social African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, to investigate how sexually-relevant visual and chemosensory uni- and multimodal signals from gravid (full of eggs) females influence behavior, brain activation patterns, and physiology in dominant males. We presented both visual and chemosensory signals either alone or together and found that males need sexually-relevant visual signals to engage in stereotypical courtship behaviors such as body quivers, waggles, and leads into spawning territories. However, the number of courtship behaviors was greater when males were exposed to multimodal visual-chemosensory signals, compared to either unimodal signal alone. When a female visual signal was absent, males increased swimming and overall activity in response to female-conditioned water compared to control water, suggesting that female-released chemosensory signals may stimulate male searching behavior and motivation. Importantly, we also tested anosmic (olfactory ablated) males to demonstrate that this behavior is primarily mediated by the olfactory system rather than gustation. Using the immediate early gene cfos as a proxy for neural activation, we also demonstrate differential activation in social and olfactory-relevant brain regions of dominant males exposed to unimodal and multimodal visual-chemosensory signals. We found at least one region that is preferentially activated by reception of signals from each sense, as well as regions that exhibit an additive effect on activation with multimodal visual-chemosensory stimulation. These data provide insight on how multimodal signals are processed in the brain and integrated with internal physiology of receivers to produce social behaviors, and lay the groundwork for future studies on the evolution of sensory perception.
What Great Principals Do Differently: Eighteen Things That Matter Most

Inspire yourself and others with the second edition of this best-selling book. With heartfelt advice, practical wisdom, and examples from the field, Todd Whitaker explains the qualities and practices that distinguish great principals. New features include: Developing an accurate sense of self Understanding the dynamics of change Dealing with negative or ineffective staff members One of the nation’s leading experts on staff motivation, teacher leadership, and principal effectiveness, Todd Whitaker has written over 20 powerful books for educators of every level. Discover what you can do differently.
Health literacy is a barrier to shared decision making in early prostate cancer (PCA) among African American (AA) men.

84Background: ASCO, AUA, ASTRO and SUO endorse shared decision making for men with localized PCa. We explored treatment decisions among providers and their AA patients (pts) in a prospective cohort...
Identifying Effective Scenarios for Sample Average Approximation

We introduce a method to improve the tractability of the well-known Sample Average Approximation (SAA) without compromising important theoretical properties, such as convergence in probability and the consistency of an independent and identically distributed (iid) sample. We consider each scenario as a polyhedron of the mix of first-stage and second-stage decision variables. According to John's theorem, the Lowner-John ellipsoid of each polyhedron will be unique which means that different scenarios will have correspondingly different Lowner-John ellipsoids. By optimizing the objective function regarding both feasible regions of the polyhedron and its unique Lowner-John ellipsoid, respectively, we obtain a pair of optimal values, which would be a coordinate on a two-dimensional plane. The scenarios, whose coordinates are close enough on the plane, will be treated as one scenario; thus our method reduces the sample size of an iid sample considerably. Instead of using a large iid sample directly, we would use the cluster of low-cost computers to calculate the coordinates of a massive number of scenarios and build a representative and significantly smaller sample to feed the solver. We show that our method will obtain the optimal solution of a very large sample without compromising the solution quality. Furthermore, our method would be implementable as a distributed computational infrastructure with many but low-cost computers.
Investigating the Aging Dynamics of Diode-Connected MOS Devices Using an Array-Based Characterization Vehicle in a 65nm Process

This work presents measured test-data corresponding to a comprehensive reliability characterization of diode-connected MOS transistors. An array-based test structure, with the specific aim of quantifying the impact of feedback on the aging dynamics for the circuit configuration of interest was designed and implemented in a 65nm Low-Power (LP) process. Through detailed measurement data obtained using the test-vehicle we, (1) characterize the impact of feedback on the aging rate and compare it to the no-feedback case & (2) evaluate the efficacy of iterative simulations for lifetime projection in such scenarios with the method based on the universality of hot carrier degradation extended to the case featuring feedback.
GreenMM: energy efficient GPU matrix multiplication through undervolting

The current trend of ever-increasing performance in scientific applications comes with tremendous growth in energy consumption. In this paper, we present GreenMM framework for matrix multiplication, which reduces energy consumption in GPUs through undervolting without sacrificing the performance. The idea in this paper is to undervolt the GPU beyond the minimum operating voltage (Vmin) to save maximum energy while keeping the frequency constant. Since such undervolting may give rise to faults, we design an Algorithm Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) algorithm to detect and correct those errors. We target cuBLAS Matrix Multiplication (cuBLAS-MM), as a key kernel used in many scientific applications. Empirically, we explore different errors and derive a fault model as a function of undervolting levels and matrix sizes. Then, using the model, we configure the proposed FT-cuBLAS-MM algorithm. We show that energy consumption is reduced up to 19.8%. GreenMM also improves the GFLOPS/Watt by 9% with negligible performance overhead.
Determinants of weekly raw milk use by at-home meal preparers in the USA: evidence from the 2014-2016 American Time Use Survey - Eating and Health Module.

Objective: The number of states in the USA that allows sales of raw milk for human consumption has been trending upwards and reached thirty-eight in 2016. These legislative changes could encourage raw milk consumption. The current study examined the determinants of weekly raw milk use by at-home meal preparers in the USA. Design: Using the 2014–2016 American Time Use Survey – Eating and Health Module, multivariate logit regressions and average marginal associations were estimated to examine how at-home meal preparer characteristics, time use and shopping choices, underlying health and the presence of at-risk individuals in households and raw milk legalisation status are associated with the probability an at-home meal preparer consumed or served raw milk during an average week. Setting: USA. Participants: At-home meal preparers aged 18 years and above. Results: Estimated average marginal associations suggested younger at-home meal preparers, male at-home meal preparers, larger sized households and households located in non-metropolitan areas were more likely to use raw milk during an average week. Married households and households with a person aged 62 years or above were less likely to use raw milk. Variables indicating health characteristics of at-home meal preparers or the presence of an at-risk individual in the household were not statistically significant. Conclusions: There are many government-sponsored information resources about the risks of raw milk currently available. Additional education may be needed to prevent illnesses from raw milk.
Flying snakes undulate for longer air times

![Graphic][1] Many animals from fish to snakes move using undulations, or rhythmic back-and-forth motions of their bodies, for propulsion. As snakes have no limbs for additional propulsion, they rely entirely on the undulations of their bodies to get around. Some snakes in Southeast Asia have
Recent progress in field-assisted additive manufacturing: materials, methodologies, and applications

Owing to its advantages of freedom to design, improved material utilization, and shortened lead time, additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to redefine manufacturing after years of evolvement and opens new avenues to produce customized and complex-shaped products. Despite these benefits, AM still suffers problems stemmed from limited material selection, anisotropic material property, low production speed, coarse resolution, etc. In response to these problems, extensive attention has been drawn on integrating AM with fields, which mainly include magnetic field (MF), electric field (EF), and acoustic field (AF). These fields have been proved to be effective in tailoring microstructures, enhancing mechanical properties, focusing and sorting cells, serving as stimuli, etc., thus providing new opportunities to address existing problems and enable new functionalities of AM technologies. This paper presents a review on recent developments and major advances in MF-, EF-, and AF-assisted AM technologies and 4D printing method from aspects of materials, methodologies, and applications. In addition, current challenges and future trends of field-assisted AM technologies and 4D printing method are also outlined and discussed.
Versatile synthetic platform for polymer membrane libraries using functional networks

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) diacrylate copolymer networks containing pentafluorophenyl active esters can be quantitatively substituted with a wide variety of primary amines, enabling the development of a versatile synthetic platform for the preparation of polymer hydrogel and membrane libraries. By tuning the starting network, a high degree of control over cross-linking density, water uptake, and functional group incorporation can be reproducibly achieved, which is vital for elucidating structure–property relationships in ion transporting membranes. From the same cross-linked scaffold, a diversity of basic, acidic, and solute-chelating moieties were obtained through functionalization, which allows for tailored uptake of basic and acidic organic dyes and metal chloride salts. Ion permeation and sorption measurements for a series of polymer networks with controlled cross-linking density and varied imidazole grafting densities illustrate the ability of this platform to isolate the effect of chemical functionality on ion transport from the effects of cross-linking density and water content.
Bone remineralization of lytic lesions in multiple myeloma - The Arkansas experience.

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) patients frequently present with extensive osteolytic bone lesions. However, the impact of myeloma treatment on focal lytic lesion remineralization has not been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of anti-myeloma treatment on the extent of bone remineralization was examined and potential mediators identified. Newly diagnosed MM patients enrolled in the Total Therapy 4 and 5 (TT4; n = 231, TT5; n = 64) protocols were longitudinally evaluated for changes in radiological parameters for a median of 6.1 years. Bone remineralization was defined as a sclerotic CT change within the lytic lesion and quantified as a percentage of remineralization, using the initial lesion size as a reference. Such changes were correlated to clinical and biochemical parameters, and the gene expression profile of bone marrow biopsy. Overall, remineralization occurred in 72% of patients (213/295). Of those patients that experienced remineralization, 36% (107/295) achieved at least 25% of bone remineralization. Patients with high-risk disease defined by gene expression profile signature (GEP70 ≥ 0.66) experienced significant remineralization compared to low-risk MM. Female patients were also more likely to experience bone remineralization and in a shorter median time (2.0 vs. 3.3 y). Factors such as serum alkaline phosphatase along with high levels of RUNX2 and SOX4 gene expression correlated with increasing extent of bone remineralization. This analysis demonstrated significant remineralization of lytic lesions in MM patients treated on TT clinical trials. While the underlying mechanism remains elusive these findings support the hypothesis that patient baseline bone-related factors play a fundamental role in the skeletal repair of bone lesions in MM that provide new opportunities for improving patient outcomes.
The Impact of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnostic Modality on Intravesical Recurrence after Radical Nephroureterectomy: A Single Institution Series and Updated Meta-analysis. Reply

Purpose:Diagnostic ureteroscopic biopsy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has been hypothesized to increase intravesical recurrence of urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectom...
Comparison of diet quality of US adults based on primary motivation for following a vegetarian diet: A cross-sectional online study.

Abstract Adults adopt a vegetarian diet for various motivations, but it is unknown their overall diet quality based on a primary motivation. The purpose of the study was to compare overall diet quality, nutrient intake and related food groups based on primary motivation for following a vegetarian diet. It was hypothesized that vegetarians who chose the diet for health-related motivations would have a higher diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores compared to those following the diet for other motivations. A cross-sectional study was conducted online in the United States. Participants (n = 511) completed an 18-item questionnaire and a 24-hour recall using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Recall (ASA24-2018) and were divided into one of three groups (Health, Animal, Other [family, religious beliefs, or environment]) based on their primary motivation for following a vegetarian diet. Total HEI-2015 scores were determined and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on Ranks with a Dunn's Method for all pairwise comparisons (p
Older adults with visual disabilities and fear of falling associated with activities of daily living

Although fear of falling is a risk factor for a fall and a leading cause of injury, morbidity, and mortality among older adults, there has been lack of attention to older adults with visual disabilities. This study aimed to examine fear of falling associated with activities of daily living in those with visual disabilities. A total of 18 older adults with visual disabilities completed a 10-point Likert type scale to measure fear of falling and elaborated on their ratings during exit interviews. The ratings and exit interviews were analysed via descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis, respectively. Fear of falling was negatively correlated with length of residence in the current home. The content analysis helped to identify barriers and facilitators to reducing fear of falling and fall risks, which were documented under 14 themes for home environments, six themes for outside the home, and six themes for general cases.
Math abilities in deaf and hard of hearing children: The role of language in developing number concepts.

Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children who are not exposed to fluent sign language from birth generally fall behind their hearing peers in mathematics. These disparities are pervasive and emerge as young as 3 years old and continue throughout adulthood. While these limitations have been well-documented, there has been little attempt to empirically explain why one consequence of deafness seems to reflect difficulties with numbers and mathematics. The purpose of this review is to describe the math abilities of DHH children while providing an explanation as to why we see this disparity. In particular, we review evidence suggesting that limited/reduced language access, particularly in the first few months of life, may play a role in delaying the acquisition of early number concepts and its potential interference when solving math problems. We also consider the potential role executive functions, specifically working memory, play in mathematical learning and how lower working memory capacity seen in some DHH children may impact early numerical learning and task performance. Finally, we propose future research aimed to explain why deafness is often accompanied by difficulties in numerical cognition while informing our broader understanding of the relationship between language and numerical concepts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collision avoidance and resolution multiple access with transmission queues

We introduce a stable multiple access protocol for broadcast channels shared by bursty stations, which we call CARMA-NTQ (for collision avoidance and resolution multiple access with non-persistence and transmission queues). Like previous efficient MAC protocols based on tree-splitting algorithms (e.g., DQRAP), CARMA-NTQ maintains a distributed queue for the transmission of data packets and a stack for the transmission of control packets used in collision resolution. However, CARMA-NTQ does not require the mini-slots commonly used in protocols based on collision resolution. CARMA-NTQ dynamically divides the channel into cycles of variable length; each cycle consists of a contention period and a queue-transmission period. The queue-transmission period is a variable-length train of packets, which are transmitted by stations that have been added to the distributed transmission queue by successfully completing a collision-resolution round in a previous contention period. During the contention period, stations with packets to send compete for the right to be added to the data-transmission queue using a deterministic first-success tree-splitting algorithm, so that a new station is added to the transmission queue. A lower bound is derived for the average throughput achieved with CARMA-NTQ as a function of the size of the transmission queue and the number of queue-addition requests that need to be resolved. This bound is based on the upper bound on the average number of collision resolution steps needed to resolve a given number of queue-add requests.
Economics in game theory for hotel unemployment

This study uses the game theory to find a Nash equilibrium of price elasticities of hotel demand in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to interpret the decrease in hotel unemployment rate. The sample selected is the Oahu, Hawaii market due to its higher room rate and higher unemployment rate compared to those in the mainland US. Findings indicate that to increase hotel revenue and decrease unemployment rate, the price elasticity of hotel demand in the mainland US would be higher than the one in Oahu, Hawaii. While the government has built more value into hotels by financially supporting unemployed hotel employees, established hotel brands have maintained their excellent service for their guests during the pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
A MEMS Nanopositioner With Integrated Tip for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Slow Z-axis dynamics of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is a key contributing factor to the slow scan speed of this instrument. A great majority of STM systems use piezotube nanopositioners for scanning. The piezotube bulkiness along with the mass of STM tip assembly restrict the overall Z-axis bandwidth of the system to about 1 $kHz$ . This limited bandwidth slows down the STM response to the sample topography changes. In this paper, we report a microfabrication process to build a Microelectromechanical-System (MEMS) nanopositioner for Z-axis positioning in STM with a tenfold bandwidth, and a similar range of motion. The MEMS device features an integrated nanometer-sharp in-plane Si tip, compatible with conventional batch fabrication processes. In addition, a novel electrical isolation technique is developed to electrically isolate the tip from the rest of this device. This enables us to provide a separate routing for tunneling current signal, enabling potential applications in parallelism. The fabricated MEMS device achieves 1.6 $\mu m$ motion with its first in-plane resonance beyond 10 $kHz$ . The capability of this MEMS nanopositioner to replace the Z-axis of STMs is demonstrated through establishing controlled and stable tunneling current on a graphite sample in ambient conditions. [2020-0345]
In vitro synthesis of vertebrate U1 snRNA.

Abstract We have developed a DNA-dependent in vitro transcription system for vertebrate snRNA genes. By isolating the nuclei (germinal vesicles, GVs) of Xenopus laevis oocytes under oil to maintain the in vivo composition of their internal milieu, we are able to prepare nuclei that retain their ability to synthesize snRNAs efficiently. Homogenates of these GVs synthesize correctly initiated and terminated U1 snRNA using exogenous X.laevis U1 genes as templates. The templates may be either injected into the nucleus prior to its isolation or added to the nuclear homogenate.
MODELING PROTONATION EQUILIBRIA IN BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

The stability and function of proteins are dependent on the charge states. For more than a decade, theoretical methods for the prediction of protonation equilibria in proteins have been based on a macroscopic description in which the dielectric response of protein to the fluctuating environment is modeled implicitly through an effective dielectric constant. Recently, constant pH molecular dynamics methods have been developed, which allow for an explicit coupling between the conformational dynamics and protonation equilibria in proteins. Of particular interest is the continuous constant pH method based on λ dynamics and GB implicit models. This method has enabled accurate and robust pK a predictions for proteins, and simulations of pH-coupled protein folding from first principles
Dynamin and Cytokinesis

Animal and plant cytokineses appear morphologically distinct. Recent studies, however, have revealed that these cellular processes have many things in common, including the requirement of co-ordinated membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics. At the intersection of these two processes are the members of the dynamin family of ubiquitous eukaryotic GTPases. In this review, we highlight the conserved contribution of classical dynamin and dynamin-related proteins during cytokinesis in both animal and plant systems.
Numerical potential functions for diatomic molecules. The f-potentials of CF+ and CCl+

Recently, we have reported diode laser measurements of the halocarbons CCl+ and CF+ vibrationally excited up to the v = 7 state. In this paper, we present a more detailed analysis of their potential functions as test cases for direct numerical integration of the rovibrational Schrodinger equation. The f-potential, a new parameterization more suitable for numerical fitting, is derived by mapping the potential function into an analytically simpler representation. The results are compared to the standard semiclassical approaches, which are found to have shortcomings in the precision with which they represent spectroscopic data. These problems can become severe if one desires to determine corrections to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
The Nucleotide Sequence of a Threonine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid from Escherichia coli

Abstract The primary nucleotide sequence of tRNAThracu/c from Escherichia coli has been determined. The sequence of 76 nucleotides is pG-C-U-G-A-U-A-U-A-G-C-U-C-A-G-D-D-G-G-D-A-G-A-G-C-E-C-A-C-C-C-U-U-G-G-U-mt6A-A-G-G-G-U-G-A-G-7mG-U-C-G-G-C-A-G-T-ψ-C-G-A-A-U-C-U-G-C-C-U-A-U-C-A-G-C-A-C-C-A-OH, where D-in positions 16, 17, and 20 is 5,6-dihydrouridylic acid, mt6A-at position 37 is probably the 3'-phosphate of N-[(9-β-d-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)-N-methylcarbamoyllthreonine, m7G-at position 46 is 7-methylguanylic acid, T-at position 54 is ribothymidylic acid, and ψ-at position 55 is pseudouridylic acid. Comparisons of the sequence of tRNAThracu/c with those of other E. coli tRNAs have revealed 72% homology with tRNAGly 3ggu/c, 71% homology with tRNAIleaau/c, 67% homology with tRNAVal 2Aguu/c, and 67 % homology with tRNAVal 2Bguu/c. The possibility that these tRNAs are descendants of a common ancestral gene is discussed.
Resolution and Characterization of Chemical Steps in Enzyme Catalytic Sequences by Using Low-Temperature and Time-Resolved, Full-Spectrum EPR Spectroscopy in Fluid Cryosolvent and Frozen Solution Systems

Approaches to the resolution and characterization of individual chemical steps in enzyme catalytic sequences, by using temperatures in the cryogenic range of 190-250 K, and kinetics measured by time-resolved, full-spectrum electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in fluid cryosolvent and frozen solution systems, are described. The preparation and performance of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase enzyme from Salmonella typhimurium in the two systems exemplifies the biochemical and spectroscopic methods. General advantages of low-temperature studies are (1) slowing of reaction steps, so that measurements can be made by using straightforward T-step kinetic methods and commercial instrumentation, (2) resolution of individual reaction steps, so that first-order kinetic analysis can be applied, and (3) accumulation of intermediates that are not detectable at room temperatures. The broad temperature range from room temperature to 190 K encompasses three regimes: (1) temperature-independent mean free energy surface (corresponding to native behavior); (2) the narrow temperature region of a glass-like transition in the protein, over which the free energy surface changes, revealing dependence of the native reaction on collective protein/solvent motions; and (3) the temperature range below the glass transition region, for which persistent reaction corresponds to nonnative, alternative reaction pathways, in the vicinity of the native configurational envelope. Representative outcomes of low-temperature kinetics studies are portrayed on Eyring and free energy surface (landscape) plots, and guidelines for interpretations are presented.