cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost Optimization of MSU Conventional Room Temperature Magnets as a Function of Magnet Conductor Current Density

There is a rule of thumb that has been used for many years in the design of conventional iron dominated magnets. If the magnet uses a copper conductor, the RMS copper current density should be about 5 A mm-2 for a magnet system with a minimum capital cost. If the cost of electric power is considered, the optimum conductor current density will be lower. The rule of thumb current density has its origin in papers published over forty years ago. The question has been asked, “Has the optimum current density changed since the 1960's?” In order to set the design parameters for the conventional magnets in the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University (MSU), a study was done on magnet cost optimization based on the conductor current density. The magnet capital cost optimization was done considering the cost of conductor, iron, power supplies, and the cooling system. In addition, capital cost plus operating cost optimization was done for magnets operating lifetimes of 50000 hrs ( 10 yrs of accelerator operation).
Speech Duration Effects in the Kennedy News Conferences

Transcripts of the 61 regular Kennedy news conferences were examined in an attempt to provide a replication of the "speech duration effect" previously found in two-person interviews and during manned space flight. A positive relation was found between the length of the reporters' questions and the length of the President's answers.
Polling-systems-based control of high-performance provably-safe autonomous intersections

The rapid development of autonomous vehicles spurred a careful investigation of the potential benefits of all-autonomous transportation networks. Most studies conclude that autonomous systems can enable drastic improvements in performance. A widely studied concept is all-autonomous, collision-free intersections, where vehicles arriving in a traffic intersection with no traffic light adjust their speeds to cross through the intersection as quickly as possible. In this paper, we propose a coordination control algorithm for this problem, assuming stochastic models for the arrival times of the vehicles. The proposed algorithm provides provable guarantees on safety and performance. More precisely, it is shown that no collisions occur surely, and moreover a rigorous upper bound is provided for the expected wait time. The algorithm is also demonstrated in simulations. The proposed algorithms are inspired by polling systems. In fact, the problem studied in this paper leads to a new polling system where customers are subject to differential constraints, which may be interesting in its own right.
A Discrete Maximum Principle for the Implicit Monte Carlo Equations

It is well known that temperature solutions of the Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) equations can exceed the external boundary temperatures, a violation of the “maximum principle.” Previous attempts to p...
Determinants of customer loyalty and purchasing behavior for full-service and limited-service hotels.

Abstract This study investigated factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions for two hotel segments: full-service and limited-service. Results from an online survey indicated that full-service hotel guests were more likely to be reward program members and be emotionally attached to their preferred brand. Price was the most important factor for limited-service guests’ purchase decisions, while both price and utility were important for full-service guests. Limited-service guests had lower switching costs, that is, they required less of a discount to switch to a non-preferred brand than full-service guests. The findings have implications for hotel pricing and marketing strategies.
Seasonal and diurnal variability in normalized concentrations of atmospherically dispersed pollutants

Abstract We have predicted yearly, growing season, and growing season daylight normalized air concentrations ( C Q ) of an inert gas tracer for a point source release near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, using local meteorological data collected for the years 1967–1969. Pasquill-Gifford atmospheric stability categories were determined using the vertical temperature gradient method, and concentrations were determined assuming Gaussian plume transport of a nondepositing contaminant. A seasonal variability in the wind rose was found, and an accompanying variability in the geographical distribution of C Q was identified. Values of C Q typically changed by a factor of two between yearly and growing season daylight hours and for receptor points located up to km distance from the source. These results suggest that yearly average computations may in certain cases be inappropriate for determining compliance with air quality standards during the growing season or where a seasonal activity pattern exists.
Cobalt(II) complexes with substituted pyridines

Abstract The preparation, magnetic and spectral properties of [Co(py-4-OH)2Cl2], [Co(py-4-S-C6H5)2Cl2], [Co(py-4-CH2OH)2Cl2] and [Co(py-4-CH(OH)-)2Cl2] are described. (py = pyridine). The ligand field parameters Dq, B′ and β are calculated for the pseudotetrahedral (C2ν) complexes. The electronic spectra and magnetic measurements support tetrahedral stereochemistry and show that the ligands studied lie chose to benzimidazole, toward the strong field end of the spectrochemical series.
Simplified procedure for abomasal cannulation in rumen fistulated goats and sheep.

Abstract To facilitate the infusion of nutrients into the abomasum of small ruminants, an abomasal cannulation technique was developed that would allow placement through a rumen fistula. Location of the cannula was confirmed by slaughter of two wether lambs. A retaining device was developed that resisted the tendency of movement of digesta in the rumen to twist the infusion line and pull the cannula through the reticulo-omasal orifice into the reticulo-rumen. The abomasal cannula was tested for 45 days in lactating dairy goats, and all cannulae remained functional and in proper position.
A Boundary Element Method For Propagation Over Absorbing Boundaries

Abstract Two-dimensional sound propagation over an arbitrarily shaped barrier situated on a locally reacting infinite plane in a homogeneous medium is treated using the boundary element method (BEM). The boundary integral equation (BIE) is formulated in terms of a half-space Green's function which is constructed to satisfy the impedance boundary condition on the ground plane. The integral in the resulting Green's function is transformed, using the steepest descent method, to a suitable form for effective numerical evaluation even for a relatively small distance between the image source and the receiving point. Comparison of the BEM results with an available analytic solution and experimental results by Kearns and by Habault shows good agreement to the sound field using the BEM.
On the Interchangeability and Stochastic Ordering of Exponential Queues in Tandem with Blocking

For a two-station tandem system with a general arrival process, exponential ervice times, and blocking, we show that the distribution of the departure process does not change when the two stations are interchanged. Blocking here means that for some fixed b≥1, any customer completing service at the first station when b customers are at the second station cannot enter the second queue, and the first station cannot start serving a new customer until a service completion occurs at the second station. This result remains true if arrivals are lost when there are a(a≥0) customers in the system. We also show that when the sum of the service rates is held constant, each departure epoch is stochastically minimized if the two rates are equal. For a and b infinite, our results reduce to those given by Weber [14] and Lehtonen [8]. Our proof is based on a coupling method first used by Lehtonen. The same results hold for a blocking mechanism in which a customer completing its service at the first station must restart service when b customers are present at the second.
Human β-defensin-3 structure motifs that are important in CXCR4 antagonism

Previously, we reported that human β-defensin (hBD)-3 can both antagonize CXCR4 function on T cells and promote receptor internalization in the absence of activation. In the present study, we explored the important structural elements of hBD-3 that are involved in blocking CXCR4 activation by its natural ligand, stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α; CXCL12). Results from site-directed mutagenesis studies suggest that the ability of hBD-3 to inhibit SDF-1α-CXCR4 interaction, as assayed either by blocking SDF-1 binding to CXCR4 or antagonizing SDF-1-induced Ca(2+) mobilization, is correlated with the presence of hBD-3 cysteine residues, specific surface-distributed cationic residues, and the electrostatic properties and availability of both hBD-3 termini. Specifically, hBD-3 activity against CXCR4 is reduced by: (a) replacing all six cysteines; (b) replacing the cationic residues with acidic ones in the N-terminus and C- terminus; (c) removal of the first 10 N-terminal residues; and (d) replacing the surface-exposed basic residues Lys8, Lys32 and Arg36 with neutral ones. The hBD-3-CXCR4 interaction has potentially wide-ranging implications for HIV-related biology, as well as for a host of CXCR4-dependent activities, including hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, and immune cell trafficking. CXCR4 is highly expressed on T cells, monocytes, and epithelial cells. Therefore, understanding the structure-function relationship between hBD-3 and CXCR4 that accounts for the antagonistic interaction between the two molecules may provide new insights into HIV/highly active antiretroviral therapy-related pathology, as well as novel insights into the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity at mucosal sites.
Quality Characteristics of Raw and Treated Effluents From Mississippi Poultry Processing Plants

Abstract Raw and treated wastewater samples were sampled bimonthly from 19 Mississippi poultry processing plants for a period of 8 months. Biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, total suspended solids and pH values of these samples were determined. Several wastewater treatment facilities were studied for their wasteload reducing efficiencies. These included rotary screens, oil and grease flotation units, lagoons and a clarifier. Readings for both raw and treated effluents varied greatly among the processing plants. Anaerobic lagoon digestion greatly reduced the effluent wasteloads. A simple oil and grease flotation pit, managed properly, reduced the oil and grease load substantially. The final effluent from processing plants with a clarifier or an anaerobic-facultative lagoon system was better in quality than final effluent of other plants.
Neurodevelopmental and mental health comorbidities in children and adolescents with epilepsy and migraine: a response to identified research gaps

Aim To determine the distribution and risk characteristics of comorbid neurodevelopmental and mental health comorbidities among children and adolescents (6–18y) with epilepsy or migraine (i.e. a neurological condition with shared features and potential etiology) compared with lower extremity fracture (LEF). Method This case–control study involved a subset analysis of surveillance data in South Carolina, USA. Hospital admission, outpatient, and emergency department visits for individuals with an International Classification of Disease, 9th revision Clinical Modification diagnosis of epilepsy (n=6730; 54.5% females, 45.5% males; mean age [SD] 14y 2mo [4y 5mo]); migraine (n=10 495; 74.5% females, 25.5% males; 15y 6mo [2y 6mo]), or LEF (n=15 305; 40.3% females, 59.7% males; 13y 11mo [2y 11mo]) from January 1 2000 to December 31 2011 were identified. The association of epilepsy, migraine, or LEF with any mental health comorbidity was evaluated with univariate and multivariate polytomous logistic regression. Results Comorbidities were highly prevalent in children and adolescents, with epilepsy with a rate of 29.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.6–30.8) for mental health comorbidities and 30.8% (95% CI: 29.7–31.9) for neurodevelopmental comorbidities. The odds of mental health comorbidity was 2.20 (95% CI: 2.02–2.39) for children and adolescents with epilepsy and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.48–1.73) for migraine, in reference to children and adolescents with LEF after adjusting for potential confounders. Prevalence and risk for specific comorbidities are presented. Interpretation Neuropathophysiological and psychosocial factors specific to epilepsy may provide more risk for adolescents with epilepsy compared to migraine.
Bone mineral density in grand multiparous women with extended lactation

Abstract Objective: We sought to assess whether the accumulation of multiple, frequent pregnancies and the accompanying repeated extended lactation events was a risk factor for low bone mineral density and osteoporosis. Study Design: The study population consisted of 30 grand multiparous women who had borne at least 6 children and lactated for at least 6 months with each child, as well as 6 nulliparous, premenopausal women from a population of Finnish American women associated with the Laestadian Church in Washington State. The Church membership has not embraced contraception or extensive bottle-feeding, resulting in a group of women who are either pregnant or lactating during most of their adult reproductive lives. The medical history included the delivery date, birth outcome, infant birth weight, and number of months lactated for each pregnancy, as well as other health information. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and radius was measured with the Hologic QDR 4500-C dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner. Proc Genmod, SAS version 6.14 (Statistical Analysis Systems, Inc, Cary, NC), was used to perform a Wilcoxon test for a nonparametric analysis of covariance and significance adjusted for age and body size. Results: The 2 study groups did not differ in terms of body mass index, history of smoking, or family history of osteoporosis and fracture, although the parous group was, on average, 8 years older than the nulliparous group ( P Conclusions: This study suggests that bone mineral density levels can be sustained in the presence of the rapidly changing hormone environment associated with multiple pregnancies accompanying lactation events without a "recovery" interval. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1371-7.)
Femoral artery input impedance and circulatory reserve in experimental stenosis.

Abstract Graded degrees of experimental stenosis were studied in the femoral arteries of anesthetized mongrel dogs in terms of resistance and impedance to blood flow and diminished circulatory reserve. Progressive increases in the level of stenosis resulted in progressive increases in (a) the large vessel resistance (RL), computed from mean blood pressure drop across and mean blood flow through the stenosis, and in (b) the large vessel impedance (ZL), computed as the average input impedance modulus in the frequency range of 3 to 19 Hz, determined from pulsatile pressure and flow measured simultaneously 2 cm proximal to the stenosis. Linear relationships between ZL and RL were found over all levels of stenosis with nearly identical slopes and intercepts under both resting (r = 0.92) and vasodilated (r = 0.85) conditions. Thus ZL, determined from measurements at the input of a stenotic vascular bed, provides an index of the resistance to flow of the large vessel over wide ranges of stenosis severity and distal peripheral resistance. Flow reserve (the arithmetic difference between maximum mean flow and steady-state mean flow at any given level of stenosis) decreased significantly with a stepwise increase in either RL or ZL, compared to a slight concomitant change in steady-state flow. Arterial input impedance therefore has been found to be useful in providing physiological information about the resistance to blood flow of a distal stenosis and about the resulting impairment of circulatory function.
Longterm infrared neural stimulation in the chronic implanted cat

Among neural prostheses cochlear implants (CIs) are considered the most successful devices. They restore some hearing to ~210,000 severe-to-profound hearing impaired people. Despite the devices’ success, the performance of the implanted individuals in noisy environments is poor and music perception is rudimentary. It has been argued that increasing the number of independent channels for stimulation can improve the performance of a CI user in challenging hearing environments. An optical method, stimulating neurons with infrared radiation, has been suggested as a novel approach to increase the number of independent channels. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) works through the deposition of heat into the tissue. Thermal damage is therefore a potential risk, particularly for longterm exposure. To verify the efficacy and safety of INS, cats were implanted for about 4 weeks and were continuously stimulated daily for 6-8 hours. Cochlear function did not change during the stimulation, and histology did not reveal signs of damage. Tissue growth following the implantation was largely localized at the cochleostomy.
Subliminal conditioning of the alpha rhythm

Six experimental Ss were used to condition the reaction-to-shock (UCS) of the alpha rhythm of the EEG to a subliminal auditory stimulus of 500 c.p.s. (CS). A matched control group of six Ss was similarly stimulated, but shock and the CS were never paired. On test trials there was a difference between experimental and control groups in reaction to the subliminal stimulus, yielding evidence of conditioning in the experimental group. A neutral subliminal stimulus of 800 c.p.s. was also used to test ability to discriminate between subliminal stimuli. Large individual differences were found, and results are indeterminate. The findings raise neurophysiological questions in terms of cue and arousal functions.
Expression of catalytically active human multifunctional glycogen-debranching enzyme and lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase in insect cells

Glycogen debranching enzyme and acid alpha-glucosdase are responsible for glycogen degradation in human. The formal enzyme is a multifunctional enzyme with two independent catalytic activities occurring on a single polypeptide, while the latter is a lysosomal enzyme which matures through extensive glycosylation and phosphorylation and proteolytic processing. Deficiency of glycogen debranching enzyme and acid alpha-glucosidase cause glycogen storage disease type III and II, respectively. Baculovirus/insect expression system was used to produce both GDE and GAA. Both enzymes were found to be catalytically and antigenically active. The majority of recombinant GDE is present in the medium (70%). Uptake experiment indicated that GAA produced in the insect cells could not be absorbed into the GSD type II patient fibroblasts through mannose-6-phosphate receptor mediated endocytosis. Uptake experiment combined with immunoblot analysis indicated there are differences in the posttranslational modification and processing between insect cells and mammalian cells.
New simulations for COIL lasers from the University of Illinois

Over the past six years we have been conducting detailed studies of a family of closely related supersonic mixing nozzles. These nozzles have performed well in experiments with the VertiCOIL laser. Subtle design changes in these nozzles lead to highly predictable results when compared to the complete CFD calculations for the three designs under study. Our conclusion is that mixing within the jets very near the nozzle throat with nitrogen diluent provides a more efficient lasing process.
Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a school-based intervention for inner-city, ethnic minority adolescents with undiagnosed asthma.

Abstract Objective To describe and test the feasibility of asthma self-management for adolescents with undiagnosed asthma (ASMA-Undx), an 8-week school-based intervention for urban adolescents comprised of three group and five individual coaching sessions, and academic detailing for their primary care providers (PCPs). Methods Thirty high school students (mean age 15.9; 92% female; 72% Latino/a) who reported symptoms of persistent asthma, but no diagnosis were randomized to ASMA-Undx or a no-treatment control group. Interviews were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Results All intervention students participated in the three group sessions; 64% received all five individual coaching sessions. Academic detailing telephone calls made by a pediatric pulmonologist reached 83% of the students’ PCPs. Relative to controls, a significantly greater proportion of ASMA-Undx students were diagnosed (79% versus 6%, respectively), and prescribed asthma medication (57% versus 6%, respectively). Barriers to diagnosis and treatment included students’ and parents’ lack of knowledge about asthma. Conclusion ASMA-Undx is a feasible and promising intervention to assist urban adolescents with undiagnosed asthma obtain a diagnosis and treatment. Practice implications ASMA-Undx has the potential to reach many adolescents because it is school-based. It can serve as a model for interventions targeting other pediatric illnesses.
Nitrogen kinetics in aquatic plants in Arctic Alaska

Abstract The kinetics of nitrogen in terms of ammonia uptake was measured for Carex aquatilis in arctic tundra ponds using 15 N tracer techniques. Nitrogen content of the leaves and primary productivity were measured throughout a growing season. The maximum uptake velocity for ammonia was 2.75 × 10 −2 % N/g dry weight per h with a K t of 8.4–12.5 μgatoms/1. A second estimate of nitrogen uptake was made from the increase in nitrogen content throughout the season, and from this a rate of 1.85 × 10 −2 % N/g dry weight per day was obtained for Carex aquatilis and 3.6 × 10 −2 % N/g dry weight per day for Arctophylla fulva . The total nitrogen concentration in the leaves was closely related to productivity, possibly providing a new approach to productivity measurements for emergent vascular plants. Emergent vascular plants absorb ammonia across their roots and translocate it to all portions of the plant. The ecological significance of this is considerable, since in many waters inorganic nitrogen content of sediment is much higher than that of the water surrounding the leaves and stems, and can provide a source of nitrogen.
Management of major hemorrhage during mediastinoscopy.

Abstract Objective The management of major hemorrhage complicating mediastinoscopy is not well described. We reviewed our experience to determine the frequency, optimal management strategy, and outcome of these injuries. Methods A retrospective review of all mediastinoscopies performed at a single institution during a 12-year period (January 1990-January 2002) was performed. Major hemorrhage was defined as that requiring exploration for definitive control. Results During the study period, 3391 mediastinoscopies were performed. Fourteen patients (0.4%) experienced major hemorrhage. Most patients (12/14) had non-small cell lung cancer, and only 1 patient each underwent preoperative radiation, repeat mediastinoscopy, or extended mediastinoscopy. The most common biopsy site (4/14 cases) resulting in major hemorrhage was the lower right paratracheal region (level 4R), and the most frequently injured vessels were the azygos vein and the innominate and pulmonary arteries. Initial control of hemorrhage was achieved through packing in 93% (13/14), and the most common initial approach for exploration was sternotomy (8/14). Four patients underwent a planned pulmonary resection after definitive control of bleeding. The median amount of blood transfused was 2 units (range 0-18 units). Postoperative complications occurred in 2 of 14 patients (14%). There were no intraoperative deaths, but 1 patient died postoperatively (1/14, 7% mortality). The median postoperative length of stay was 6 days (range 1-19 days). Conclusions Major hemorrhage during mediastinoscopy is an uncommon but potentially morbid event. Initial control can usually be achieved through packing. Subsequent management presents a technical challenge but can result in minimal morbidity and mortality.
Nondestructive diagnostic for electron bunch length in accelerators using the wakefield radiation spectrum

We report the development of a nondestructive technique to measure bunch rms length in the psec range and below, and eventually in the fsec range, by measuring the high-frequency spectrum of wakefield radiation which is caused by the passage of a relativistic electron bunch through a channel surrounded by a dielectric. We demonstrate numerically that the generated spectrum is determined by the rms bunch length, while the specific axial and longitudinal charge distribution is not important. Measurement of the millimeter-wave spectrum will determine the rms bunch length in the psec range. This has been done using a series of calibrated mesh filters and the charge bunches produced by the 50 MeV rf linac system at ATF (Accelerator Test Facility), Brookhaven. We have developed the analysis of the factors crucial for achieving good accuracy in this measurement, and find the experimental data are fully understood by the theory. We point out that this technique also may be used for measuring fsec bunch lengths, using a prepared planar wakefield microstructure.
Do Social Activities Substitute for Food in Youth

Behavioral economics offers a framework to understand choice among alternatives. There is no research on the interrelationship between food and social activity in overweight and non-overweight children. The purpose of this study is to test the substitutability of food and social interactions using behavioral economic methods in overweight and non-overweight youth. Fifty-four (24 males and 30 females) overweight and non-overweight youth aged 9 to 11 years old were tested using a behavioral choice paradigm which involved participants responding to earn points exchangeable for food and/or social activity. Youth substituted food for social activities when the cost of social time with an unfamiliar peer increased (p < 0.05) and substituted food for social activities with an unfamiliar peer when the cost of food increased (p < 0.05). However, when interacting with a friend was the alternative, participants did not substitute food for social interactions. Social interactions can serve as a substitute for food in both lean and overweight youth.
Selection and Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii Mutants Resistant to Artemisinin

Toxoplasma gondii infection, like malaria, is sensitive to inhibition by artemisinin (ART). Mechanisms of action for ART in malaria treatment have been proposed, but little is known about its effects in T. gondii infection. To better understand its inhibitory effects on T. gondii, mutants resistant to ART were selected by progressive culture in permissive levels of the drug. Five clonal isolates were established and characterized. The isolates were approximately 65-fold less sensitive to ART than is the parental RH and showed cross-resistance to the ART derivatives dihydroartemisinin and artemether. In addition to ART resistance, 1 clone (C9) formed morphologically unusual parasitophorous vacuoles and another (A2) was avirulent for mice and protected mice from challenge with the wild type. These clonal T. gondii mutant isolates will be useful for the study of not only the mechanism of action of ART but also parasite vacuole biology and virulence factors.
Synthesis and characterization of grafted thermosensitive hydrogels for heating activated controlled release

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAAm, hydrogels are negatively thermosensitive which means that they have an expanded hydrogel structure at low temperatures and a shrunken structure at high temperatures. Based on this negative thermosensitivity of PNIPAAm, a drug delivery system with PNIPAAm oligomers grafted onto poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA, a thermally nonresponsive polymer was designed. Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-N-isopropylacrylamide), P(HEMA-g-NIPAAm) hydrogels were synthesized to control the release of an imbedded drug. This new grafted system exhibited high diffusivity at temperatures greater than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNIPAAm oligomers. Utilizing PNIPAAm's LCST of approximately 34 degrees C, the release rate was controlled by the temperature of the release medium. The LCST of PNIPAAm was tuned by making copolymers with hydrophobic butyl methacrylate (BMA). Theophylline and inulin release profiles were studied using PHEMA, PNIPAAm and P(HEMA-g-NIPAAm) at three temperatures with drug diffusion coefficients determined as a function of temperature and drug type. The molecular weights between crosslinks and mesh sizes of PHEMA hydrogels were calculated using Flory-Rehner and rubber-elasticity theories.
Lagrange and Hermite interpolation in banach spaces

Abstract Let f map a Banach space X into itself, and let x 1 , x 2 ,…, x n be distinct points of X . Then there exists a polynomial y ( x ) of degree ( n − 1) which interpolates f at these points. Furthermore, y ( x ) has a Lagrange representation y(x)= ∑ i=1 n [w ′ i (x i )] −1 w i (x) (x−x i ) f(x i ) , where w i ( x ) = L i ( x − x 1 , x − x 2 ,…, x − x n ), w i ′( x i ) is the first Frechet derivative of w i at x i , and L i , i = 1, 2,…, n , is an appropriately chosen n -linear operator. In an analogous manner, an Hermite polynomial y (x) of degree (2 n − 1) is derived, which interpolates f and f′ at x 1 , x 2 ,…, x n . Finally, if X is a Hilbert space, the polynomials y ( x ) and y (x) are shown to have simple representations in terms of inner products.
Life regrets and pride among low-income older adults: Relationships with depressive symptoms, current life stressors and coping resources

We examined the contents and intensities of both life regrets and pride among a convenience sample of 213 low-income older adults and the associations between the contents and intensities of life regrets and pride, on the one hand, and the older adults' current life stressors, coping resources and depressive symptoms, on the other. Regrets about education, career and marriage were common, but intensities of regrets were higher for issues related to finance/money, family conflict and children's problems, loss and grief, and health. Common sources of pride were related to children and parenting, career, volunteering/informal caregiving, long/strong marriage and personal growth/self. Controlling for current life stressors of disability, money worries, loneliness and overdependence on others for management of daily life, and coping resources of social support and religiosity, the intensities of loss-and-grief related regrets and the pride in long/strong marriage were significant predictors of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores. However, the regrets and pride explained a small amount of the variance in the GDS scores, while the current life stressors explained a large portion of the variance.
When Word Identification Gets Tough, Retrospective Semantic Processing Comes to the Rescue.

Abstract Semantic priming is typically enhanced by target degradation in both lexical decision and pronunciation tasks. Using these tasks, we examined this priming × target degradation interaction when the prime and target were related via symmetrical (SYM) associations (e.g., east west ), as in previous research, or for the first time via forward asymmetrical (FA) prime-to-target associations (e.g., keg beer ) or backward asymmetrical (BA) target-to-prime associations (e.g., small shrink ) of the same strength as those in the SYM pairs. For both clear and degraded targets, SYM priming was equal to the sum of FA and BA priming, with BA priming being equivalent to FA priming except for clear targets in pronunciation, which as in previous research failed to yield significant overall BA priming. An analysis of the full reaction time (RT) distribution showed that (a) except for BA priming for clear targets in pronunciation, all priming effects were significant even for the fastest RTs, (b) priming effects were greater for degraded than clear targets for the BA and SYM pairs for the fastest RTs but moreso for the longest RTs, and (c) priming effects were equal for degraded and clear targets for FA pairs throughout the RT distribution. For RT bins for which the RTs for degraded and clear unrelated targets were matched, RTs in the related priming condition were faster for degraded related targets than clear related targets. These findings suggest that the Priming × Target Degradation interaction typically observed for SYM related pairs is mediated by a retrospective prime-retrieval mechanism that depends on a backward target-to-prime association and is strategically engaged for degraded targets so that semantic information can compensate for the deficient bottom-up processing of a degraded target. They also provide strong evidence for the psychological reality of the general distinction between retrospective and prospective processing mechanisms, a distinction that has been receiving considerable recent interest in research on attentional control and memory.
A Railroad for Turkey: the Chester Project, 1908–1913

There was an interlude when enchantment with Dollar Diplomacy overcame the reluctance of Washington to become involved in Near East politics. The Chester project, however, was defeated by German imperialism, lack of popular support for business ambitions abroad, and vacillation by the promoters themselves. The time for effective alliance between the State Department and American businessmen was not yet at hand.
The photovoltaic technology incubator project

The Photovoltaic (PV) Technology Incubator project facilitates a company's transition from developing a PV module or cell prototype to pilot and full-scale manufacturing. The PV Technology Incubator project receives funds from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The PV Incubator project targets small businesses that have demonstrated a proof-of-concept/process in a lab, but still need to overcome significant barriers before they can achieve commercialization. After 18 months of funding, a successful project is expected to have a commercially viable product and be capable of approximately 2–3 MW/ year pilot production. It is anticipated that these companies will begin entry into the market by 2011.
Resistance to experimental infection with Fasciola hepatica in exotic and domestic breeds of sheep.

Abstract Significant breed differences were detected in fecal egg counts and fluke counts following experimental infection of five breeds of sheep with metacercariae of F. hepatica . Two experiments compared the responses of Barbados Blackbelly, St. Croix, Florida Native, Finn X Rambouillet and Targhee sheep to primary and challenge infections (Expt. 1) and to multiple infections (Expt. 2). Barbados Blackbelly sheep were more susceptible to infection than the other breeds in both experiments. St. Croix and Florida Native sheep were the most resistant breeds in Expt. 1, while Targhee and Florida Native were the most resistant in Expt. 2. There was no evidence of acquired immunity in any breed in either experiment.
Elevated lipid peroxidation and vitamin e-quinone levels in heart ventricles of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats

Abstract Diabetic patients develop cardiomyopathy characterized mainly by left ventricular contractile dysfunction and congestive heart failure. This study has investigated the effects of diabetes and insulin treatment on lipid peroxidation, vitamin E, and vitamin E-quinone levels in the heart ventricles of rats made diabetic by streptozotocin treatment. Controls were injected with buffer alone; a subgroup of diabetic rats were injected daily with insulin for 2 months. Membrane lipid peroxidation was measured by determining the thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactivity. Vitamin E and vitamin E-quinone were measured by using the high pressure liquid chromatography. There was a significant (p
Application of a Bioinformatics-Based Approach to Identify Novel Putative in vivo BACE1 Substrates.

BACE1, a membrane-bound aspartyl protease that is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, is the first protease to cut the amyloid precursor protein resulting in the generation of amyloid‑β and its aggregation to form senile plaques, a hallmark feature of the disease. Few other native BACE1 substrates have been identified despite its relatively loose substrate specificity. We report a bioinformatics approach identifying several putative BACE1 substrates. Using our algorithm, we successfully predicted the cleavage sites for 70% of known BACE1 substrates and further validated our algorithm output against substrates identified in a recent BACE1 proteomics study that also showed a 70% success rate. Having validated our approach with known substrates, we report putative cleavage recognition sequences within 962 proteins, which can be explored using in vivo methods. Approximately 900 of these proteins have not been identified or implicated as BACE1 substrates. Gene ontology cluster analysis of the putative substrates identified enrichment in proteins involved in immune system processes and in cell surface protein-protein interactions.
Evaluation of an Ibm Card Punchboard Used as a Test Answer Sheet

Several years ago Sakoda and Willey (6) and Sakoda and Greenwood (5) suggested the use of IBM cards to construct a punchboard for use as a test answer sheet. Such a device could be used as a teaching machine resembling the early ones of Pressey (4) and its use would result in punched cards which could be processed by modern computing machinery. The idea was attractive, but no empirical data have been reported to indicate the effects of such a device on test scores. Since it has been reported that changes in answer sheet format may make a difference (1, 3), it would be helpful to have some evaluation of the effects on test scores from using the punchboard answer sheet. The final examination in an extension psychology course was devised with two parts each containing 40 multiple-choice questions (one item was used as a sample question to learn to use the punchboard). The two parts were of equal difficulty and sampled the content of the course in similar ways. All 23 students answered one part on IBM 805 answer sheets, the other part on the punchboard. Half of the students began with the punchboard, half with the conventional answer sheet. Students were also asked to evaluate the experience on a separate, anonymous questionnaire. Hoyt (2) reliability coefficients were .59 for the traditional part and .58 for the punchboard part of the test. The SDs of 4.05 and 4.23 were not significantly different. Mean scores (24.7 on the traditional half and 21.4 on the punchboard half) did differ significantly at the .05 level (t = 2.6120). No significant differences were found in the scores of those taking the punchboard first and those who took it second. Nor did these groups differ significantly in their performance on the traditional form. Student reactions were mixed. Nearly all reported no problem in understanding what they were to do. Most students (70%) felt it was an appreciable disadvantage to be unable to correct a response made in error. Most felt that immediate feedback was valuable as a learning experience. Students were about evenly split on how helpful it was to know their score as they went through the questions.. Some found it helpful, but many were too threatened and upset by their errors to feel it was helpful. Use of the punchboard answer sheet as a final examination for a psychology course was well received by the students but with some reservations by those who became upset by knowing the number of errors they were making. It gave results which were equally reliable and equally variable, but lower mean scores suggested that it made the test more difficult.
Frustrative nonreward effects in acquisition under zero hours deprivation

Facilitating effects of partial reinforcement were found when six female rats were given 80 trials in a runway under zero food deprivation and with sucrose reward pellets. The three Ss trained under 50% reinforcement were initially slower than the 100% Ss, but with continued training finally reached higher speeds. This effect was greatest for speed measured in the middle of the response chain. The results were discussed in terms of the theories of Spence and Amsel.
Discovering altered genomic expression patterns in heart: transcriptome determination by serial analysis of gene expression

The development of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure involve functional changes that are beneficial short-term, but may be fatal long-term. Current therapeutic approaches are tailored to limit progression of a disease and to maintain quality of life. At a molecular level, these disease processes involve quantitative and qualitative changes in gene expression. Although some changes in mRNA abundance may not have direct protein correlates, analysis of all the mRNAs present in a cell population (the cells transcriptome) has become a focal point of genomic research. The aim is to provide information about the dynamics of total genome expression in response to environmental changes and point to candidate genes responsible for the cascade of events that result in a disease state. One way of performing these analyses utilizes the technique of Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). This method evaluates thousands of expressed transcripts both quantitatively and qualitatively in a single assay. In the first of two reviews on transcriptome analysis, we describe the current state of genomic research for determination of the transcriptome by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression, present the first limited SAGE analysis of rodent heart gene expression, and discuss how results generated with this approach can be applied to the study and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Jose Garcia Villa: Vicissitudes of Neocolonial Art-Fetishism and the “Beautiful Soul” of the Filipino Exile

The publication of Jose Garcia-Villa’s Doveglion: Collected Poems by Penguin Books in 2008 is remarkable not because it reveals a renewed interest in Villa’s work (as Luis Francia claims in the introduction of the book) but because it presents the nostalgic posthumous return of the repressed. Francia, a Villa critic, fails to situate the poet in the context of the Philippines’ neocolonial status. Francia’s mapping of Villa’s trajectory as a poet is teleological; it elides those historical contexts that allowed US imperialist power to dominate the Philippine political economy in certain periods. Timothy Yu, a Chinese-American Stanford scholar, contends that Villa is a “universal” writer whose mastery of the “imperial” language is impressive, not unlike Conrad’s or Nabokov’s. Both critics’ evaluations, in fact, reify the poet as a transnational figure, belying the Philippines’ neocolonial status. In the face of criticism that rests easy with a pat labeling of the poet as a proponent of “art for art’s sake,” what this paper suggests is a reading of this artistic practice as a symptom of the bourgeois artist’s alienation from neoliberal globalization. In reading this as a symptom, I wish to frame Villa’s work around conditions of possibility that are responsible for the resurrection of Villa as a classic.
The effect of bond rating changes on common stock prices

Abstract The evidence in this paper suggests that downgrades by both Moody's and Standard and Poor's are associated with negative abnormal stock returns in the two-day window beginning the day of the press release by the rating agency. Significant negative abnormal performance can still be detected after eliminating observations containing obvious concurrent (potentially contaminating) news releases. There is little evidence of abnormal performance on announcement of an upgrade. Significant abnormal returns are associated with announcements of additions to the Standard and Poor's Credit Watch List, if either a potential downgrade or a potential upgrade is indicated.
EFFECTS OF SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE AND OTHER DISSOCIATING REAGENTS ON THE GLOBULINS OF PEAS.

Abstract Pea seed globulins were investigated in NaCl solution by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugal analysis. These criteria confirmed the presence of two components named vicilin and legumin by earlier investigators. At pH 10.0 vicilin underwent a reversible dissociation. Legumin was unaffected up to pH 10.5. Urea or formamide solutions caused the appearance of six protein bands in a gel, four arising from legumin and two from vicilin. Such apparent dissociation was also accompanied by association phenomena. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment resulted in twelve well-defined bands; four of these arose from vicilin, six others from legumin, and two were of uncertain origin. Ultracentrifugal analysis with added SDS revealed one peak with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.24, which is much lower than the native proteins. Protein fractions resulting from SDS treatment were recovered from preparative gels. Amino acid compositions of all these fractions were similar. All fractions, like the native proteins, had two or more different N-terminal amino acids. Difference in end-group composition occurred among the fractions, but some N-terminal amino acids were common to several fractions. Incomplete and somewhat random dissociation of the peptide chains which constitute the complex native globulin molecules is postulated.
Dominant activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway in the ovary alters theca development and prevents ovulation.

The role of the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway in ovarian function was examined in transgenic mice in which expression of a dominant active allele of the signal transducer smoothened (SmoM2) was directed to the ovary and Mullerian duct by cre-mediated recombination (Amhr2cre/+SmoM2). Mutant mice were infertile and had ovarian and reproductive tract defects. Ovaries contained follicles of all sizes and corpora lutea (CL), but oocytes were rarely recovered from the oviducts of superovulated mice and remained trapped in preovulatory follicles. Measures of luteinization did not differ. Cumulus expansion appeared disorganized, and in vitro analyses confirmed a reduced expansion index. Microarray analysis indicated that expression levels of genes typical of smooth muscle were reduced in mutant mice, and RT-PCR showed that levels of expression of muscle genes were reduced in the nongranulosa, theca-interstitial cell-enriched fraction. Whereas a layer of cells in the outer theca was positively stained for smooth muscle actin in control ovaries, this staining was reduced or absent in mutant ovaries. Expression of a number of genes in granulosa cells that are known to be important for ovulation did not differ in mutants and controls. Expression of components of the HH pathway was observed in both granulosa cells and in the nongranulosa, residual ovarian tissue and changed in response to treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin/human gonadotropin. The results show that appropriate signaling through the HH pathway is required for development of muscle cells within the theca and that impaired muscle development is associated with failure to release the oocyte at ovulation.