cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Smoking and Heart Rate Variability Among Individuals with Depression

Both depression and smoking have been independently associated with lower heart rate variability (HRV), suggesting dysregulation of cardiac autonomic function. However, no studies have systematically explored the effects of smoking on HRV among depressed patients. This study examined differences in HRV based on smoking status among depressed individuals. Electrophysiological data were examined among 77 adult outpatients without a history of myocardial infarction, who met criteria for major depressive disorder or dysthymia. Frequency domain [low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF ratio, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)] parameters of HRV, and heart rate and inter-beat interval (IBI) data were compared between depressed smokers (n = 34) and depressed nonsmokers (n = 44). After controlling for covariates, depressed smokers, compared to depressed nonsmokers, displayed significantly lower LF, HF, and RSA. Among depressed patients, smoking is associated with significantly lower HRV, indicating dysregulated autonomic modulation of the heart.
Reversible Inhibition of Type 2 Dengue Virus by Agar Polysaccharide.

Abstract Infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of dengue-2 virus are inhibited by a sulfated polysaccharide from agar gel. Inhibition is due to a reversible reaction between virus particles and the inhibitor. Virus-inhibitor complex formation can be demonstrated by sedimenting the inhibitor with the virus particles. Dilution of virus-inhibitor mixtures results in recovery of infectious particles so that pretreatment of virus with inhibitor does not increase inhibition over that which can be accounted for by the amount of inhibitor in the medium at the time the virus is plated. Under conditions of inhibitor excess, the fraction of virus inhibited by a given concentration of inhibitor is constant, i.e., independent of the total virus present. The ratio of virus to inhibitor in the complex has been determined from hemagglutination inhibition tests to be approximately 2 to 1. Presence of inhibitor in culture medium throughout a virus growth cycle does not alter the actual virus yield, but does bind free virus after its liberation from the cell. No evidence for interaction of inhibitor with cells (either KB cells or goose erythrocytes) has been obtained. Comparative studies using other group B arboviruses indicate that these viruses differ in sensitivity to the inhibitor.
Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: rules of inheritance of female sterility.

Hybrid dysgenesis has been described as a syndrome of aberrant traits including sterility, male recombination, and mutation, which occurs in some inter-strain hybrids of Drosophila, but only from one of the two reciprocal crosses. In a series of experiments in which hybrids of various pedigrees were tested for sterility, it was found that a case of hybrid dysgenesis could be most easily interpreted as the interaction of two components. One component was found to be a polygenic Mendelian factor linked to each of the major chromosomes of π2, the paternally contributing strain (‘P strain’). These chromosomes were capable of causing sterility when inherited from either parent, provided the appropriate maternal component was also inherited. The ability to transmit this maternal component was designated ‘cytotype’ to indicate that it is a property of the entire cell. It was possible to classify nearly all hybrid females as either P or M cytotype on the basis of their ability to produce sterile daughters. All daughters of the M-cytotype mothers were susceptible to the sterilizing effects of the π2 chromosome, whereas all, or nearly all daughters of P-cytotype mothers were immune. When more than one of the π2 chromosomes were received by daughters of M-cytotype females, chromosomal interactions could be detected statistically, but the model of independent action remained a useful approximation. Cytotype was shown to be determined by chromosomal factors, but with limited cytoplasmic transmission. This unusual mode of inheritance can be compared with other cases of hybrid dysgenesis where the behaviour resembles that of self-replicating cytoplasmic particles which are dependent on certain chromosomes. The lack of sterility from intra-strain crosses can be explained by the fact that chromosomes capable of causing sterility also induce the P cytotype, and thus prevent sterility in the next generation.
Current Readings: Failed Hiatal Hernia Repair

Recurrent hiatal hernia is noted in up to 70% of patients undergoing reoperative antireflux procedure. Role of short esophagus vis-a-vis a need for Collis gastroplasty, mesh reinforcement of hiatus, and access of surgery (thoracotomy vs laparotomy) have been debated. The aim of this article is to review selected recent publications that address these issues.
Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide inhibits macrophage infiltration of the kidney and carotid artery lesions in apo-E-deficient mice.

Interactions of leukocytes with the vascular endothelium culminating in their diapedesis represent not only a crucial event in immune surveillance and defense but are also critically involved in th...
Use of microblogging for collective sense-making during violent crises: a study of three campus shootings

The purpose of this study is to understand how microblogging communications change and contribute to collective sense-making over time during a crisis. Using B. Dervin's (1983) theory of sense-making applied to crises and communications during crises, we examined 7, 184 microblogging communications sent in response to three violent crises that occurred on U. S. college campuses. The analysis of patterns of microblogging communications found that information-sharing behaviors dominated the early response phase of violent crises, and opinion sharing increased over time, peaking in the recovery phase of the crises. The analysis of individual microblogging communications identified various themes in the conversation threads that not only helped individual contributors make sense of the situation but also helped others who followed the conversation. The results of this study show that microblogging can play a vital role in collective sense-making during crises.
Challenges and opportunities in scientific and statistical databases

It is almost twenty years after the 1st SSDBM was held in Berkeley (then called Workshop on Statistical Database Management). It is almost ten years after the first of a few workshops organized by the National Science Foundation on scientific databases. How many of the original challenges have been accomplished? How many are still here with us and need serious attention? What are the new challenges that have emerged that were not put on the table until recently?
Linear Algebra for Dense Matrices on a Hypercube

A set of routines has been written for dense matrix operations optimized for the NCUBE/6400 parallel processor. This work was motivated by a Sandia effort to parallelize certain electronic structure calculations [l]. Routines are included for matrix transpose, multiply, Cholesky decomposition, triangular inversion, and Householder tridiagonalization. The library is written in C and is callable from Fortran. Matrices up to order 1600 can be handled on 128 processors. For each operation, the algorithm used is presented along with typical timings and es timates of performance. Performance for order 1600 on 128 processors varies from 42 MFLOPs (Householder tridiagonalization, triangular inverse) up to 126 MFLOPs (matrix multiply). We also present performance results for communications and basic linear algebra operations (saxpy and dot products).
5‐Diazo‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐4,6‐dione

[7270-63-5] C6H6N2O4 (MW 170.14) InChI = 1S/C6H6N2O4/c1-6(2)11-4(9)3(8-7)5(10)12-6/h1-2H3 InChIKey = YRCVEMYVKSXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for the synthesis of α-oxygenated ketenes for [2 + 2] cycloadditions with alkenes2) Alternate Names: diazo Meldrum’s acid. Physical Data: solid with a melting point of 90–91 °C. Solubility: sol ether, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile. Preparative Method: most commonly by diazo transfer to Meldrum’s acid. A number of procedures involving the use of sulfonyl azide reagents have been reported.1 Typical procedures involve the addition of the sulfonyl azide to a solution of Meldrum’s acid containing a tertiary amine base. Aqueous workup followed by chromatography on silica gel provide the diazo compound in yields ranging from 40 to 76%. A modification using KF on alumina is reported to provide a 90% yield of product.1a Diazo compounds are potentially explosive as are certain sulfonyl azides, such as tosyl azide. For this reason, extreme care must be observed in the synthesis and use of this compound, with all operations being conducted behind a blast shield in a fume hood. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: in addition to the previously mentioned explosion hazard which this reagent presents, there are health related hazards that must also be considered. Diazo compounds, as a class, are toxic and irritating and can be sensitizers. They must be used in a well-ventilated fume hood and not come in contact with skin. For a description of the hazards associated with this class of compounds, see the handling and storage precautions listed for Diazomethane.
A Tale of Two Steroids

Editor’s Note: You are reading the 23rd installment of Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club. The article was published in the August 2011 issue and the questions were published in the September 2011 issue. Information about journal club can be found at http://www.annemergmed.com/ content/journalclub. Readers should recognize that these are suggested answers. We hope they are accurate; we know that they are not comprehensive. There are many other points that could be made about these questions or about the article in general. Questions are rated “novice” ( ), “intermediate” ( ), and “advanced” ( ) so that individuals planning a journal club can assign the right question to the right student. The “novice” rating does not imply that a novice should be able to spontaneously answer the question. “Novice” means we expect that someone with little background should be able to do a bit of reading, formulate an answer, and teach the material to others. Intermediate and advanced questions also will likely require some reading and research, and that reading will be sufficiently difficult that some background in clinical epidemiology will be helpful in understanding the reading and concepts. We are interested in receiving feedback about this feature. Please e-mail journalclub@acep.org with your comments.
Role of CO in attenuated vasoconstrictor reactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries after chronic hypoxia

Chronic hypoxia (CH) is associated with a persistent reduction in systemic vasoconstrictor reactivity. Experiments on aortic ring segments isolated from CH rats suggest that enhanced vascular expre...
Benefit of resection of metastatic gastrinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I

Abstract Although gastrinoma resection is generally advocated for patients with the sporadic form of nonmetastatic Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, there is controversy regarding the surgical management of the gastrinoma among patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I). Using strict criteria, to date no biochemical cures of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome lasting 5 months have been achieved by gastrinoma resection among patients with MEN-I. Whereas resections of hepatic metastases have been performed in patients with sporadic gastrinoma, none have been reported among patients with MEN-I. The current report describes a patient with MEN-I, closely followed up for 30 years, in whom enlargement of pancreatic gastrinoma and development of hepatic gastrinoma was observed to occur over 3 years. After preoperative localization, an 80% pancreatectomy and a left lateral segmentectomy of the liver were performed. Sixteen months after the operation, secretin and calcium provocative testing showed that the patient's fasting gastrin and stimulated plasma gastrin concentrations were normal; also, results of computerized tomographic angiography, selective abdominal angiography, and hepatic venous sampling for gastrin after intra-arterial secretin injection were negative for gastrinoma. By achieving a 16-month cure of gastrinoma, this case shows that an aggressive surgical approach can benefit certain patients with gastrinoma who have MEN-I even in the presence of hepatic metastases.
Retrospective Study of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and its Association with Lymphoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves both the liver and extra hepatic organs. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the association between HCV genotypes and lymphomas. Lymphoma cases were retrieved from our surgical pathology and hematopathology archives from January 2005 to April 2012. Patients who had positive HCV serology with subsequent viral genotyping were selected. Patients with positive Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology were excluded. We identified 17 lymphoma cases with associated HCV infection. Eleven out of 14 (79%) patients had genotype 1 HCV. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common lymphoma (6 out of 17 cases) and all cases of DLBCL had genotype 1. Genotype 2 was detected in only three patients (21%) with the diagnoses of follicular lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). CHL was diagnosed in three cases and peripheral T-cell lymphoma in one case.Twelve of 17 (71%) patients were incarcerated in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice system. All 11 genotype 1 patients were male, 4 of 11 (36%) were African American, 4 of 11 (36%) were Caucasian and 3 of 11 (27%) were Hispanic.We concluded that HCV genotype 1 was more common than genotype 2 while no other genotype was detected.
Two Arabidopsis methylation-deficiency mutations confer only partial effects on a methylated endogenous gene family

In Arabidopsis a SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling factor-related protein DDM1 and a cytosine methyltransferase MET1 are required for maintenance of genomic cytosine methylation. Mutations in either gene cause global demethylation. In this work we have assessed the effects of these mutations on the PAI tryptophan biosynthetic gene family, which consists of four densely methylated genes arranged as a tail-to-tail inverted repeat plus two unlinked singlet genes. The methylation mutations caused only partial demethylation of the PAI loci: ddm1 had a strong effect on the singlet genes but a weaker effect on the inverted repeat, whereas met1 had a stronger effect on the inverted repeat than on the singlet genes. The double ddm1 met1 mutant also displayed partial demethylation of the PAI genes, with a pattern similar to the ddm1 single mutant. To determine the relationship between partial methylation and expression for the singlet PAI2 gene we constructed a novel reporter strain of Arabidopsis in which PAI2 silencing could be monitored by a blue fluorescent plant phenotype diagnostic of tryptophan pathway defects. This reporter strain revealed that intermediate levels of methylation correlate with intermediate suppression of the fluorescent phenotype.
Investigating behavioral variability in web search

Understanding the extent to which people's search behaviors differ in terms of the interaction flow and information targeted is important in designing interfaces to help World Wide Web users search more effectively. In this paper we describe a longitudinal log-based study that investigated variability in people.s interaction behavior when engaged in search-related activities on the Web.allWe analyze the search interactions of more than two thousand volunteer users over a five-month period, with the aim of characterizing differences in their interaction styles.allThe findings of our study suggest that there are dramatic differences in variability in key aspects of the interaction within and between users, and within and between the search queries they submit.allOur findings also suggest two classes of extreme user. navigators and explorers. whose search interaction is highly consistent or highly variable. Lessons learned from these users can inform the design of tools to support effective Web-search interactions for everyone.
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part I. EPDM-Polypropylene Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers are rubbery materials which can be fabricated by techniques usually associated with thermoplastic resins. Classical elastomers rely upon the crosslinked network, developed during vulcanization, to provide the retractive forces of rubber type elasticity. Thermoplastic elastomers contain rubber domains and resinous thermoplastic domains. The thermoplasticity results from the melting characteristics of the hard thermoplastic phase, while the rubber properties arise from the rubbery domains. Thermoplastic elastomers are, therefore, almost by definition, heterogeneous in their phase morphology. Such materials can be blends or block polymers. In the case of block polymers, the rubbery phase is not crosslinked chemically. However, hard or resinous phase domains occur as the hard segments of the block polymer which separate from the composition by agglomeration during cooling from the molten state. These domains act both as well-bonded reinforcing filler particles and as crosslin...
Posthegemonía y postsubalternidad: Desencuentros del latinoamericanismo frente a la “marea rosada”

Este articulo establece un dialogo entre la teoria posthegemonica desarrollada por Jon Beasley-Murray y el postsubalternismo de John Beverley. Se estudia como se piensan en estas formulaciones el papel del estado, la vigencia de la nacion y, finalmente, el lugar de los reclamos identitarios, territoriales y de representacion politica de los movimientos sociales latinoamericanos, cada vez mas integrados a la estructura del estado en los gobiernos de la llamada marea rosada. No se pierde de vista la especificidad del fenomeno venezolano, puesto que en determinados momentos parece funcionar como un caso limite para ambas articulaciones teoricas.
Robustness and Versatility of Thin Films on Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC).

Thin film multilayers have previously been introduced on multilayer low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC). The ruggedness of a multipurpose Ti-Cu-Pt-Au stack has continued to benefit fabrication and reliability in state-of-the-art modules. Space optimization is described, preserving miniaturization of critical spaces and component pads. Additional soldering details are also presented, including trends with solder-stop materials. Feature compensation becomes a simple step in the normal manufacturing flow which enables exact targeting of desired feature sizes. In addition, fine details of the manufacturing process, including ion milling, will be discussed. We will discuss full long-term aging results and structural details that reinforce the reliability and function. Different thin film materials for specific applications can be exploited for additional capabilities such as filters and other integral components. Cross sections verify the results shown. This successful integration of thin films on LTCC poin...
Creating solutions instead of solving problems: Emerging roles for technical services departments

As library services shift from a transactional to a transformational approach, the role of technical services is also changing from problem solver to solution creator. Solution creators recognize patterns, anticipate needs, and focus on skill sets and ability. It is a holistic approach that emphasizes creativity and innovation. By focusing on “what if” and the open exchange of ideas, leaders create a learning environment that encourages a growth mindset with a belief in potential. Individuals have the freedom to explore, question, and seek alternative solutions. Solution creators possess a combination of soft skills and technical ability, who contribute to the library's role of content creator.
Do molt-migrant songbirds optimize migration routes based on primary productivity?

Migratory animals often go to extraordinary lengths to follow broad-scale changes in the spatial distributions of food resources over time. An example is the molt-migration system of songbirds in the central and western United States, wherein birds interrupt migratory movements to molt their feathers in the ephemerally productive North American monsoon region in Northwestern Mexico. Within this large-scale migration system, the efficacy of individual migration behaviors relative to dynamics of primary productivity en route is unknown. We performed a comparison of real migration tracks from a common molt migrant, the painted bunting (Passerina ciris), with the results from millions of random-walk simulations to determine if real birds demonstrate optimal migratory behavior with respect to seasonal changes in primary productivity across the landscape. We scored migration routes of both real and simulated birds using an index of new plant growth, wherein daily values for each day of the autumn migration period were summed to indicate the total exposure to primary productivity. We then compared the highest-scoring simulated routes with real bird tracks and observed a high degree of correspondence between them, with the monsoon region featuring prominently in most of the high-ranking simulations. However, real birds generally left the breeding grounds later than virtual birds, perhaps because of life-history constraints not represented in the simulations. Our work supports the contention that painted bunting migration maximizes exposure to new plant growth and provides a novel approach for exploring migratory behaviors in other species and other regions.
Delayed Gratification in Political Behavior: Time Preferences Predict Turnout and Donations

Recent Get-out-the-Vote experiments suggest that political participation involves delayed gratification. The transaction costs of voting are immediate. Its expressive benefits, however, are realized after the election, when others ask. In this article, I draw on a vast literature in psychology and economics to propose a model and a measure of how voters discount future pay-offs. The ability to delay gratification moderates the effects of political stimuli with deferred rewards such as the social norm to vote and the instrumental benefits of donating to a campaign. Therefore, less patient individuals are less willing to participate in politics, and to pretend that they do. In the empirical analysis, I use multiple incentivized measures from a representative US panel (N=1,820). I demonstrate that monetary discount rates provide reliable elicitations of time preferences, and show that they predict self-reported turnout and donor status. I suspend alternative explanations focusing on resources and risk.
Empirical Mode Decomposition of AE Signal Processing Based on Hilbert-Huang Transformation

In this paper a new signal processing method of Hilbert-Huang transform is applied to analyze AE lead-breaking signals and loaded concrete AE signals. Empirical model of decomposition (EMD) and cubic interpolation were used in AE signals analysis which was based on the local characteristic time scale. After the decomposition inherent model function (IMF) can effectively preserve non-linear and non-stationary features of signals during the processing. Meanwhile, noises of signals were eliminated by using multi-dimension filter property of EMD. The above two signal’s IMF can be clearly shown on a time-frequency vs. energy distribution spectrum and marginal spectrum by Hilbert-Huang transformation. The results show that HHT can efficiently reflecting the intrinsic properties of signals. Besides, HHT method, which is more adaptive than other methods, had a bigger superiority in adaptability and frequency concentration, and it has batter localization property and visual result of the time-frequency domain.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Aftershocks of the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12, 1966

On September 12, 1966, at 16h 41m, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 to 6.5 occurred about 10 km northeast of Truckee, California. Hypocenters of 158 after-shocks that occurred between September 14 and 25 were found to be within a volume 3 km wide by 10 km long by 12 km deep. The magnitude-frequency curve appears anomalous, as there seem to be too many shocks greater than magnitude 2 compared to the number of small ones under magnitude 0.5. Nodal-plane determinations indicate two modes of faulting for the aftershocks. Strike-slip faulting with nodal planes striking N. 40°W. and N. 50°E. is dominant; secondary normal faulting occurs on nodal planes striking nearly north. An attempt is made to relate the strain release pattern of these aftershocks to major regional right-lateral shear and extension.
Dielectric Relaxation Analysis of Water Adsorption in Sol Gel Derived Silica Gel Monoliths

The polarization mechanism of the low frequency dielectric relaxation (R1) observed in water adsorbed in porous silica gel is investigated using monolithic samples. It is attributed to electrode polarization involving proton hopping conduction. The influence of the thickness of the adsorbed water layer on the relaxation mechanism is discussed.
Rate of metabolism of ethyl alcohol in the mouse.

SummaryThe rate of oxidation of alcohol has been studied in the mouse by determination of the rate of decline of the concentration of alcohol in the blood as well as by determination of the alcohol content of the whole animal at various times after administration of the drug. When observations are begun one hour after administration of alcohol, the rate of oxidation is constant and independent of the amount present. However, the rate of oxidation may be twice as great in the first hour as in subsequent hours. The effect is dependent on dose and to some extent on mode of administration.
Design of Cross Platform Audio Signal Analyzer

The audio signal analyzer in LabVIEW development environment is designed,with modular design concepts is designed,and PC ordinary sound card for signal collection and analysis is used,it overcomes the problem existing in traditional audio analysis equipment.At the same time,in order to ensure the designed audio analyzer can be used in different environments,guide procedure for audio signal analyzer is developed which can run without installing LabVIEW,so the audio signal analyzer can achieve cross-platform operation.After testing on different operating systems,the result shows that the audio analyzer has advantages of good scalability,adaptability,low cost,high accuracy and so on.
Differential diagnosis of arthritis.

Basic to all approaches in diagnosis of arthritis are a complete medical history and a full physical examination. Laboratory studies can be helpful, but their limitations must be recognized. Early, accurate diagnosis depends to a large extent on knowledge of the clinical features distinguishing the different rheumatic diseases.
Surface expression of Bcl-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell leukemias and lymphomas without a breakpoint t(14;18).

Since its discovery in follicular lymphoma cells at the breakpoint t(14;18), Bcl-2 has been studied extensively in many basic and clinical science settings. Bcl-2 can locate as an integral mitochondrial membrane component, where its primary role is to block apoptosis by maintaining membrane integrity. Here we show that Bcl-2 also can position on the outer cell surface membrane of B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and certain other leukemias that do not classically possess the chromosomal breakpoint t(14;18).Although low levels of Bcl-2 can be detected on the surface membrane of apparently healthy leukemic and normal B cells, expression of Bcl-2 correlates best with spontaneous or induced apoptosis. Notably, upon induction of apoptosis, B-CLL cells were much more efficient in upregulating surface Bcl-2 than normal B cells. It is not clear if this surface membrane expression is a passive consequence of the apoptotic process or an active attempt by the B cell to abort cell death by stabilizing the plasma membrane.
Nursing students’ perspectives about experiential learning in a research study

Objective : To examine nursing students’ perspectives about experiential learning in a research study (n = 36). Method: Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze student narratives about their 12-week experience participating in an NIH-funded research study. Results: Findings reveal three essential themes: pleasure and personal rewards of research, improving the lives of patients and new interest in research participation. Conclusion: Engaging nursing students in research can enhance their interest in lifelong learning, stimulate their willingness to bring new strategies to the clinical interface and can expose them to diverse populations and settings. Importantly, experiential learning in hands-on clinical research improves student nurses' educational experiences and motivates them to advance nursing research.
The Politics of Anxiety in Nineteenth-Century American Literature: A bond-slave to the mind: sympathy and hypochondria in Robert Montgomery Bird's Sheppard Lee

If I were seriously to propose to Congress to make mankind into sausages, I have no doubt that most of the members would smile at my proposition, and if any believed me to be in earnest, they would think that I proposed something much worse than Congress had ever done. Henry David Thoreau, “Slavery in Massachusetts” (1854) One can easily imagine that Edgar Allan Poe experienced a jolt of recognition as he sat down to read Robert Montgomery Bird's Sheppard Lee; Written by Himself (1836). Published anonymously by Harper and Brothers, Sheppard Lee is a novel of metempsychosis in which Lee's spirit inhabits and reanimates a succession of corpses, including a gouty brewer, a dandy on the make for a rich wife, and a Virginia slave hanged for insurrection. Not only playing on Poe's favorite terrain of unmoored souls, Bird turns this potentially gothic conceit into comedy. As it turns out (and much to Poe's displeasure), the metempsychosis in Sheppard Lee is all a dream. Poe's review of the novel for the Southern Literary Messenger judges Bird's handling of the transmigration of souls to be both a literary and medical problem. “The chief source of interest in such narrative,” chides Poe, “is, or should be, the contrasting of these varied events […] upon a character unchanging – except as changed by the events.” Rather, Lee “partially loses, and partially does not lose, his identity, at each transmigration,” robbing the narrative as a whole of consistency.
Thermal Stress Measurement in Continuous Welded Rails Using the Hole-Drilling Method

The absence of expansion joints in Continuous Welded Rail has created the need for the railroad industry to determine the in-situ thermal stress levels for rail buckling and breakage prevention. This paper explores the hole-drilling method as a possible solution to this problem. A new set of calibration coefficients to compute the stress field relieved by fine hole depth increments required by the high strength steel was determined. The new calibration coefficients were experimentally validated on an aluminum plate subjected to a known uniaxial load. The thermal stress levels of constrained rails were estimated after compensation for the residual stress components, based on statistical relationships developed experimentally between the longitudinal and the vertical residual stresses. The results showed that the hole-drilling procedure, with appropriate calibration coefficients and residual stress compensation, can estimate the in-situ rail thermal stresses with an expected accuracy that is within the industry acceptable levels.
Gray water recycle: Effect of pretreatment technologies on low pressure reverse osmosis treatment

Abstract Gray water can be a valuable source of water when properly treated to reduce the risks associated with chemical and microbial contamination to acceptable levels for the intended reuse application. In this study, the treatment of gray water using low pressure reverse osmosis (RO) filtration after pre-filtration and aerobic biological filtration pretreatment was explored. Initially, nine commercial RO membranes were compared with dead end filtration tests for water flux and salt rejection at low pressures of operation (100–400 psi). Based on the dead end filtration results, one commercially-available membrane was subjected to further evaluation using a cross flow flat sheet test unit and gray water that had undergone various levels of pretreatment. The effects of gray water pretreatment with cartridge filtration, microfiltration, and aerobic biofiltration were compared in terms of membrane flux, chemical oxygen demand reduction, and salt rejection. Results from these RO filtration tests suggest that cartridge filtration in combination with RO treatment can achieve adequate reduction of gray water chemical oxygen demand (COD), but at the cost of progressively decreasing water flux through the RO membrane. Flux decline during cartridge filtration is mainly attributed to the presence of colloids >0.2 μm in size. In comparison, microfiltration maintains the water permeation capacity of the membrane, but permeate COD levels are higher. Biofiltered/microfiltered gray water shows RO permeate flux similar to microfiltered gray water and achieves permeate COD levels similar to cartridge filtered gray water.
Olive oil density characterization through microfluidic detection using acoustic signatures (MIDAS)

The fraudulent business derived from olive oil adulteration fuels a multi-million dollar underground economy. Current methods to identify adulteration in olive oils, although very sensitive, are costly and time consuming. We propose a miniaturized platform, which we call MIDAS – microfluidic detection using acoustic signatures – that determines the density of an unknown solution by measuring the time delay of an ultrasound wave traveling within the solution. By post-processing the data using a custom Matlab script that implements a matched filter and an ad hoc pre-filter, we show a sensitivity of 0.36% or 3.2 kg m−3. MIDAS could be used to determine the density of a wide variety of samples, including biological fluids for health monitoring.
ICBP in comparison to the intraoperative EEG monitoring

We have already heard something about EEG monitoring this morning as well as this afternoon by Prof. Sandmann. I would like to discuss with you our experience using the EEG as intra-operative control method. A prospective evaluation performed 10 years ago related to the fact that up until this time only back pressure measurements for intra-operative monitoring purposes were performed as proposed by Wesley Moore. At this stage, it was considered whether perhaps one could perform selective shunting when using the ICBP as monitoring, but as the Circle of Willis is not always complete, but very often is interrupted or numerous variations may exist, this did not appear reliable as the only criterium for judging the necessity of a shunt. The back pressure is not only dependent on the contralateral stenosis, but frequently on the vascular arrangement of the Circle of Willis.
Generating Conformation and Complex-Specific Synthetic Antibodies

Phage display is commonly used to identify and isolate binders from large combinatorial libraries. Here we present phage selection protocols enabling generation of synthetic antibodies capable of recognizing multiprotein complexes and conformational states. The procedure describes stages of the experiment design, optimization, and screening, as well as provides the framework for building downstream assays with an end goal of isolating bioactive antibodies for future therapeutic use. The methods described are also applicable to screening directly on cells and can be ported to other in vitro directed evolution systems utilizing non-immunoglobulin scaffolds.
A Framework to Design Successful Clinical Decision Support Systems

This paper presents seven principles for successful modeling of the clinical process, forming a framework for clinical decision support systems design. Modeling methods should incorporate data interactions during clinical decisions and should mimic the cognitive skills of clinicians. Predictive models need to be interactive, regenerating predictions in response to new clinical information, or clinician feedback. Any decision support method needs to consider trends of physiological measurements. Temporal trends can be stronger predictors of health outcomes, than cross sectional values. Finally, clinical decision support methods should be outcomes based, in an effort to avoid a 'historical decision' bias. These principles, can contribute to optimized modeling methodologies in healthcare settings, improving the response of health systems to decision making challenges.
Linear Acceleration in Direct Head Contact Across Impact Type, Player Position, and Playing Scenario in Collegiate Women's Soccer Players

Context: Heading, an integral component of soccer, exposes athletes to a large number of head impacts over a career. The literature has begun to indicate that cumulative exposure may lead to long-...
Compressing and Swelling To Study the Structure of Extremely Soft Bottlebrush Networks Prepared by ROMP

To fully explore bottlebrush polymer networks as potential model materials, a robust and versatile synthetic platform is required. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a highly controlled, rapid, and functional group tolerant polymerization technique that has been used extensively for bottlebrush polymer generation but to this point has not been used to synthesize bottlebrush polymer networks. We polymerized a mononorbornene macromonomer and dinorbornene cross-linker (both poly(n-butyl acrylate)) with Grubbs’ third-generation catalyst to achieve bottlebrush networks and in turn demonstrated control over network properties as the ratio of macromonomer and cross-linker was varied. Macromonomer to cross-linker ratios ([MM]/[XL]) of 10 to 100 were investigated, of which all derivative networks yielded gel fractions over 90%. Because of its amenability toward small samples, contact adhesion testing was used to quantify dry-state shear modulus G, which ranged from 1 to 10 kPa, reinforcing that bottlebrush ...
The covalent structure of cartilage collagen. Amino acid sequence of residues 552–661 of bovine α1(II) chains

The covalent structure of the first 111 residues from the N-terminus of peptide alpha1(II)-CB10 from bovine nasal-cartilage collagen is presented. This region comprises residues 552-661 of the alpha1(II) chain. The sequence was determined by automated Edman degradation of peptide alpha1(II)-CB10 and of peptides produced by cleavage with trypsin and hydroxylamine. Comparison of this region of the alpha1(II) chain with the homologous segment of the alpha1(I) chain indicated a homology level of 85%, slightly higher than that of 81% reported for the N-terminal region of the alpha1(II) chain (Butler, Miller & Finch (1976) Biochemistry15, 3000-3006). The occurrence of two residues of glycosylated hydroxylysine was established at positions 564 and 603, the first present exclusively as galactosylhydroxylysine and the latter as a mixture of galactosylhydroxylysine and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine. Also, two residues at positions 648 and 657 were tentatively identified as glycosylated hydroxylysines. The amino acid sequences adjacent to the hydroxylysine residues so far identified in the alpha1(II) chain were compared with the homologous regions of the alpha1(I) and alpha2 chains, but no obvious prerequisite for hydroxylation could be seen. From comparison with the homologous sequence of the alpha1(I) chain, it appears that the alpha1(II)-chain sequence presented here contains three more amino acids than that reported for the alpha1(I) chain. This triplet would be interposed between residues 63 and 64 of the reported sequence of peptide alpha1(I)-CB7 from calf skin collagen. Data on the purification of the subpeptides and their amino acid compositions have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50087 (7 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.
Coriolus versicolor, A Model System to Investigate the Biotechnology of Wood-Deteriorating Enzymes

Coriolus versicolor, a white-rot basidiomycete, elaborates cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes both in situ and in vitro (Evans and Palmer, 1983; Taylor et al., 1987, 1988; Moore et al., 1989). These enzymes can degrade cellulose (Peterson et al., 1963) and lignin (Harvey et al., 1987), the main polymers of wood (Higuchi, 1985). Besides its presence within wood, lignocellulose often constitutes an unwanted component in the paper-pulp industry and also renders certain agricultural commodities less digestible to ruminants (Dodson et al., 1986; Van der Meer et al., 1987). Thus, an available supply of ligno-cellulolytic enzymes could be of marked industrial value. To maintain an adequate supply, substrate induction coupled to hyphal ‘batch culture’ (Fahraeus and Reinhammer, 1967) and/or genetic engineering techniques (Maniatis et al., 1982; Bennett and Lasure, 1985; Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1987) are being sought to over-produce these enzymes. Here are reported pertinent recombinant DNA techniques (Williams et al., 1988, 1989a, b) which may result in enhanced enzyme synthesis by Escherichia coli transformants harboring the C. versicolor gene(s) for polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an enzyme relevant to lignin degradation (Kirk and Kelman, 1965) as well as converting the purported disease-resistance, phenolic compounds (Taylor et al., 1989) to diquinones (Fric, 1976).
Gene Expression, Regulation and Cell Surface Presentation of the Kininogens

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the key areas for future investigation in a vibrant and evolving field of vascular biology. Although first recognized 21 years ago as a defect associated with a very prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the genetic deficiency of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) is not associated with bleeding. These features have been both a benefit and a discomfort to investigators in this field. Recognition of HMWK deficiency is greatly facilitated by prolongation of the APTT, although the homozygous HMWK-deficient patient is rare. Alternatively, the prolonged APTT associated with HMWK deficiency has contributed to the masking of the physiological importance of HMWK as an antithrombin and its role in ordering the assembly and activation of a plasma kallikrein (KLK)-dependent fibrinolytic pathway on biologic membranes. These activities are paradoxical to any prolongation of a screening test for bleeding. The weight of current evidence indicates that the kininogens, especially HMWK, are antithrombins and profibrinolytic proteins. The chapter discusses the gene expression and regulation of kininogens, protein chemistry in kininogens, the function of kininogens in relation to their structures, and characterization of kininogen expression on biological membranes and emphasizes the physiological activities of the kininogens based upon their functions. HMWK and low-molecular-weight kininogen (LMWK) assemble on cell membranes, allowing bradykinin (BK) to be liberated in a protected environment, wherein this potent, bioactive peptide can activate its receptors to influence vascular biology.
CAR-T immunotherapy: how will it change treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and beyond?

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The recent approval of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for refractory or second relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has led to a paradigm shift...
Containers and Reproducibility in Scientific Research

Numerical reproducibility has received increased emphasis in the scientific community. One reason that makes scientific research difficult to repeat is that different computing platforms calculate mathematical operations differently. Software containers have been shown to improve reproducibility in some instances and provide a convenient way to deploy applications in a variety of computing environments. However, there are software patterns or idioms that produce inconsistent results because mathematical operations are performed in different orders in different environments resulting in reproducibility errors. The performance of software in containers and the performance of software that improves numeric reproducibility may be of concern for some scientists. An existing algorithm for reproducible sum reduction was implemented, the runtime performance of this implementation was found to be between 0.3x and 0.5x the speed of the non-reproducible sum reduction. Finally, to evaluate the impact of using a container on performance, the runtime performance of the WRF (Weather Research Forecasting) package was tested and found to be 0.98x of the performance in a native Linux environment.
A high-power helicon antenna for the DIII-D tokamak and its electromagnetic aspects

Abstract A comb-line antenna to demonstrate efficient off-axis non-inductive current drive from the absorption of toroidally directed very high harmonic fast waves is being designed and built for DIII-D. The antenna consists of a toroidal array of 30 modules, spanning 1.7 m on the outer vessel wall just above the tokamak midplane. This antenna will be fed with 1 MW of RF power at 476 MHz through a stripline (SL) feed on both sides inside the vacuum vessel. COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercial finite element analysis software, was used to perform the RF analysis and the induced force analysis due to plasma disruption events on the whole antenna system. Results on the RF performance of the SL and the RF coupling into and between the modules, and the SL and modules’ RF losses will be presented. In addition, the disruption induced current and forces are shown, and a method to mitigate them is presented.
Celiac Disease and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Context: Celiac disease is characterized by deficits in bone mineral accrual and longitudinal growth. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in bone health and stature among children and adolescents with celiac disease versus healthy controls. Data Sources: Articles published before February 27, 2018 were located using searches of the Physical Education Index (n = 186), PubMed (n = 180), Scopus (n = 3), SPORTDiscus (n = 3), and Web of Science (n = 4). Study Selection: Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and height was measured using a stadiometer. Data Extraction: Effect sizes (ES) were calculated as follows: the mean difference of the celiac disease group and healthy control group, divided by the pooled standard deviation. The inverse variance weight was used to calculate the overall mean ES. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean ES, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and to identify potential moderators. Results: The results of 30 effects gathered from 12 studies published between 1996 and 2017 indicated BMC (ES = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.69 to −0.40; p