cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A peculiar institution? Greco–Roman monogamy in global context

In what sense were the ancient Greeks and Romans monogamous, and why does it matter? This paper addresses this question from a transdisciplinary and global cross-cultural perspective. It considers the physical and anthropological record of polygyny, delineates the historical expansion of formal monogamy, and critiques complementary social science models of mate choice. This approach allows us to situate Greco–Roman practice on a spectrum from traditional polygamy to more recent forms of normative monogyny. Whilst Greco–Roman legal and social norms stressed the nexus between monogamous unions and legitimate reproduction, they accommodated a variety of men's polygynous relationships outside the nuclear family. Greco–Roman monogamy's historically most significant consequence was its role in shaping Christian and later ‘Western’ marital norms that eventually gained global influence.
Achieving Fair TCP Access in the IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure Basic Service Set

We illustrate the transport layer unfairness problem in the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). We design a link layer access control block for the Access Point (AP) in order to provide fair Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) access in an 802.11 infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS). The novel and simple idea of the proposed control block is employing a congestion control and filtering algorithm on TCP Acknowledgment (ACK) packets of uplink flows, thereby prioritizing the access of TCP data packets of downlink flows at the AP. We quantify the parameters of the proposed ACK congestion control and filtering algorithm based on the measured average downlink TCP data access rate. Via simulations, we show that the introduction of the proposed link layer access control block to the protocol stack enhances short- and long-term fairness in a wide range of scenarios.
A contribution to the theory of ferromagnetism

The following gives a brief summary of a paper, which it is hoped to publish in extenso later. It is a contribution to the theory of ferromagnetic crystals, and contains in particular a theoretical explanation of Webster's experimental results.
Degeneration of the Knee Joint in Skeletally Immature Patients With a Diagnosis of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Is There Harm in Delay of Treatment

Background: In skeletally immature patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and significant growth remaining, the risk of inducing a growth disturbance with early reconstruction must be balanced against the risk of further intra-articular damage by delaying treatment until closer to skeletal maturity.Hypothesis: Increased time from injury to ACL reconstruction in children ≤14 years of age will be associated with increased meniscal and chondral injuries at the time of reconstruction.Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: With institutional review board approval, the records of a consecutive series of patients 14 years of age and younger who underwent ACL reconstruction between 1991 and 2005 were reviewed. Demographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intraoperative findings were analyzed. Meniscal and articular cartilage injuries were graded. Logistic regression models using both univariable and multivariable regression procedures were used to identify factors independ...
Human and machine error analysis on dependency parsing of ancient Greek texts

Automatically generated metadata from large collections is an essential component of digital libraries. It is beginning to emerge as fundamental to the study of languages. Morpho-syntactic annotation captures the form of individual words and their function. Nonetheless automated syntactic analysis is still imperfect and human annotators can be significantly more accurate. On the other hand, human work is expensive and even humans find some constructions difficult to annotate correctly. Comparing the performance of human annotators with that of an automatic parser is thus important for exploring how the two methods can best be combined. In the present study, we compare the frequency of the different types of errors made by student annotators with those made by different dependency parsers when annotating ancient Greek. With a few exceptions, the frequency of the different types of errors was similar for human and machine. The significance of these results is briefly discussed.
Theory of modulated phases in lipid bilayers and liquid crystal films

We present a general theory for equilibrium-modulated phases of chiral and achiral bilayer membranes and liquid crystal films. Both bulk smectics as well as freely suspended films are considered. For flexoelectric systems, continuous structural phase transitions are predicted among square-lattice, hexagonal, and distorted two-dimensional modulated phases as a function of the applied electric field. It is also shown that only uniform flat phases are predicted for thin films. One-dimensional ripple phases and two-dimensional square-lattice phases can occur with increasing film thickness. @S1063-651X~96!03205-9#
Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation is strain-dependent and correlates with apoptosis in aortic valve fibroblasts

Aortic valve (AV) disease is often characterized by the formation of calcific nodules within AV leaflets that alter functional biomechanics. In vitro, formation of these nodules is associated with osteogenic differentiation and/or increased contraction and apoptosis of AV interstitial cells (AVICs), leading to growth of calcium phosphate crystal structures. In several other cell types, increased intracellular Ca2+ has been shown to be an important part in activation of osteogenic differentiability. However, elevated intracellular Ca2+ is known to mediate cell contraction, and has also been shown to lead to apoptosis in many cell types. Therefore, a rise in intracellular Ca2+ may precede cellular changes that lead to calcification, and fibroblasts similar to AVICs have been shown to exhibit increases in intracellular Ca2+ in response to mechanical strain. In this study, we hypothesized that strain induces intracellular Ca2+ accumulation through stretch-activated calcium channels. We were also interested in assessing possible correlations between intracellular Ca2+ increases and apoptosis in AVICs. To test our hypothesis, cultured porcine AVICs were used to assess correlates between strain, intracellular Ca2+, and apoptosis. Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent dyes were utilized to measure real-time intracellular Ca2+ changes in strained AVICs. Ca2+ changes were then correlated with AVIC apoptosis using flow cytometric Annexin V apoptosis assays. These data indicate that strain-dependent accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ is correlated with apoptosis in AVICs. We believe that these findings indicate early mechanotransductive events that may initiate AV calcification pathways.
Body, Self, and Society: The View from Fiji

Body, Self, and Society: The View from Fiji. ANNE E. BECKER. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. xvi + 206 pp., figures, illustrations, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index.
Epi- illumination microscopy coupled to in situ hybridization and its utility in the study of evolution and development in non-model species

Evolutionary developmental biology often combines methods for examining morphology (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, SEM) with analyses of gene expression (e.g., RNA in situ hybridization). Due to differences in tissue preparation for SEM and gene expression analyses, the same specimen cannot be used for both sets of techniques. To aid in the understanding of morphological variation, it would be particularly useful to have a high-magnification image of the very same sample in which gene expression is subsequently analyzed. To address this need, we developed a method that couples extended depth of field (EDF) epi-illumination microscopy to in situ hybridization in a sequential format, enabling both surface microscopy and gene expression analyses to be carried out on the same specimen. We first created a digital image of inflorescence apices using epi-illumination microscopy and commercially available EDF software. We then performed RNA in situ hybridizations on photographed apices to assess the expression of two developmental genes: Knotted1 (Kn1) in Zea mays (Poaceae) and a PISTILLATA (PI) homolog in Musa basjoo (Musaceae). We demonstrate that expression signal is neither altered nor reduced in the imaged apices as compared with the unphotographed controls. The demonstrated method reduces the amount of sample material necessary for developmental research, and enables individual floral development to be placed in the context of the entire inflorescence. While the technique presented here is particularly relevant to floral developmental biology, it is applicable to any research where observation and description of external features can be fruitfully linked with analyses of gene expression.
Steady-state and transient characteristics of microcavity surface-emitting lasers with compressively strained quantum-well active regions

In conventional semiconductor lasers, the dimensions of the optical cavity greatly exceed the photon wavelength, and the photon density of states forms a continuum since it is essentially that of a bulk system. On the other hand, in an ideal laser, one would like to have a single optical mode coincident with the maximum in the gain spectrum of the active medium. We show that substantial density-of-states quantization and enhancement of the fraction of photons spontaneously emitted into the lasing mode can be obtained by reducing the lateral width of the surface-emitting laser. For emission at /spl lambda/=0.954 /spl mu/m, the threshold current density can be drastically reduced by increasing the coupling factor to a few percent. For a cavity structure width of 0.3 /spl mu/m, the threshold current density is 50 A/cm/sup 2/, compared with 250 A/cm/sup 2/ for the 0.6-/spl mu/m cavity. At lower still lateral widths, the cavity loses its vertical character, and confinement of the lateral optical mode rapidly deteriorates. The large-signal response of microcavity lasers is slightly improved primarily due to elimination of mode competition in intrinsically single-mode microcavities, with relaxation times close to 1 ns. The enhancement of the spontaneous emission coupling factor results in an increase of the relaxation oscillation frequency and improvement in the standard small-signal response of microcavity lasers. For J=10J/sub th/, the -3 dB modulation frequency exceeds 40 GHz. Since low threshold current densities may be achieved in microcavity lasers, the gains in small-signal performance are primarily extrinsic, i.e., higher modulation bandwidths ace accessible for the same injection. >
Embryonic patterning mutants of Tribolium castaneum

The identification and analysis of genes controlling segmentation in Drosophila melanogaster has opened the way for understanding similarities and differences in mechanisms of segmentation among the insects. Homologues of Drosophila segmentation genes have been cloned and their expression patterns have been analyzed in a variety of insects, revealing that the patterns of expression of many genes are conserved. Conserved expression patterns do not, however, necessarily reflect conserved gene function. To address gene function, we have conducted a screen for mutations that alter embryonic patterning of the beetle, Tribolium castaneum. One of the mutations isolated, godzilla, affects early steps in the segmentation process in the whole animal, like Drosophila pair-rule mutants. Another mutation, jaws, is novel: it caused both a dramatic homeotic transformation in the thorax and first abdominal segment as well as a deletion of most of the segments of the abdomen. In Tribolium and other intermediated germ band insects, the anterior segments of the embryo are determined in the syncytium of the blastoderm, whereas the abdominal segments proliferated in the cellular environment. Both the godzilla and jaws mutations affect segments that are formed in the syncytium differently from those that are formed after cellularization. These regionally specific phenotypes may reflect the different patterning mechanisms that must be employed by the anterior and posterior regions of an intermediated germ insect.
Direct radical substitution on the cubane skeleton

Abstract Radical iodination of cubane and derivatives occurs on irradiation with tert -butyl hypoiodite.
The Chilingirian Murder: A Case Study from the 1915 Roundup of Armenian Intellectuals

Scholarship on the destruction of the Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire has tended to focus on the genocide’s broad historical, political, and sociological aspects. The gradual opening of the Prime Ministerial Ottoman Archive in Istanbul has made it possible to shed light on micro-aspects of the planning and implementation of the Armenian Genocide. On the basis of documents and eyewitness accounts related to the murder of Dr. Rupen Sevag Chilingirian, the author provides important insight into the central authorities’ involvement in the murder of Armenian intellectuals.
Broiler Chick Thrombocyte Response to Lipopolysaccharide

The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 in broiler chick thrombocytes was investigated. At 4 wk of age, blood samples were collected, and isolated thrombocytes were incubated with LPS for 1 h. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from the cells to examine the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines using real-time reverse transcription PCR. It was found that expressions of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 in thrombocytes were unaffected by diets containing corticosterone and vitamin C fed to chicks. However, LPS exposure did increase the expressions of these cytokines. The fact that thrombocytes are so abundant and can be stimulated by LPS makes them primary effector cells in innate host defenses against bacterial infections in chickens.
Perturbation analysis of transonic wind tunnel wall interference

derived from the transonic small disturbance equation. The equation is linear and is solved by satisfying the imposed conditions at the tunnel wall. By checking against the direct nonlinear calculations the method is shown to be accurate and thus can be used for practical calculations of interference corrections. Since it is a perturbation method, the results can be compared directly with those of the subsonic linear theory and consequently provide assessment of the applicability of the latter method in the transonic range. Analysis The airfoil is situated in the middle of the wind tunnel with height 2//. The tunnel walls are perforated for flow ventilation in transonic tests. The restriction induced by the tunnel wall is regarded as a small perturbation to the basic free airflow. The interference potential ; has the order of magnitude of \/Hand is assumed to be one order higher than the free air potential 00. Within the framework of the transonic small disturbance theory,1'5 the governing equations and the boundary conditions for the free air and the interference flows can be derived as follows. Free airflow:
The effects of alcoholic beverages on composite wear.

Abstract Objectives: In vivo wear of composite restorative materials appears to be, in part, dependent on various patient factors. Specifically, consumption of alcoholic beverages has the potential for increasing the degradation rate. The hypothesis tested in this experiment was that composite wear is dependent on the type of alcohol-containing liquid the materials are exposed to during three-body abrasive wear. Methods: To test this hypothesis, composite wear experiments were performed using the ACTA three-body wear machine. Abrasive slurries containing either beer, wine, 9 vol% ethanol or water were used during the wear experiments. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: The wine and ethanol solutions caused significantly more wear compared to the beer and water. There was no significant differences in the wear between the wine and 9 vol% ethanol groups, and the beer groups were not significantly different from the water groups. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction between the composite type and the various abrasive slurries. Significance: These results indicate that alcoholic beverages with at least 9 vol% ethanol will increase the wear of composite. The observed increase in wear of composite by the wine was caused primarily by the ethanol content of the wine. Other constituents in the wine do not appear to have an effect on composite wear. The ethanol effect was consistent among different composite types.
Memory, gender and rumination in depression: Recall of simulated situations with articulated thoughts and the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test

Although research on depression and memory has been widespread and varied, examining depression as a factor related to impairment of recall generally as well as a factor associated with facilitated recall of negative information, few previous studies have sought to examine both phenomena in the same experimental framework. In this study, we used an Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) paradigm as a vehicle for testing recall along with a standardized memory test in order to investigate what factors may play a role in the relationship between depression and memory. ATSS scenarios of negative, neutral and positive valencewere presented to 67 subjects for response and subsequent recall alongwith thememory battery, with rumination, depression severity and gender examined as potentially important factors. Of the 67 subjects, 19 were depressed (CES-D>16). There were no demographics differences displayed among the depressed and non-depressed groups, nor between males and females. Depressed individuals displayed no differences in recall on the variety of valenced (recall of valenced ATSS scenarios) and non-valenced (Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test) memory measures compared to non-depressed participants (ns). Gender and rumination did not provide any significant additional associationwithmemory performancewhen added into the canonical regression equation. These findings add to the body of mixed results regarding how depression affects memory, highlighting the need for more fine grained examination of potential moderators of the relationship between depression and memory.
Implementation of Mixed Precision in Solving Systems of Linear Equations on the Cell Processor

SUMMARY Thispaper describesthedesign conceptsbehindimplementationsof mixed-precision linear algebra routines targeted for the Cell processor. It describes in detail the implementation of code to solve linear system of equations using Gaussian elimination in single precision with iterative refinement of the solution to the full double-precision accuracy. By utilizing this approach the algorithm achieves close to an order of magnitude higher performance on the Cell processor than the performance offered by the standard double-precision algorithm. The code is effectively an implementation of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark, as it meets all of the requirements concerning the problem being solved and the numerical properties of the solution. Copyright c � 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanics of Ventricular Muscle

A quantitative description of left ventricular function forms an important part of the evaluation and management of patients with a wide variety of cardiac disease. Such measurements have considerable prognostic information, especially when combined with other factors such as coronary anatomy, arrhythmias, and so forth. A detailed knowledge of the function of the ventricle, therefore, is of considerable interest and can now be obtained by a variety of invasive and noninvasive methods. Although a number of studies have evaluated the function of the left ventricle as a whole, it has often been difficult to directly relate these studies back to the function of individual units of ventricular muscle. The complex geometry, activation sequence, fiber direction, and shape of the cardiac chambers, and their interrelationship with one another, have made it difficult to determine precisely how individual fibers are functioning. Many of the fundamental studies on cardiac muscle, therefore, have been derived from strips of heart muscle, most commonly isolated papillary muscles from the right or left ventricles of different species. These studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of the mechanical properties of heart muscle in a simpler system in which the fibers run together in a parallel direction.
Phosphorus Clearance Using Two Hemodialyzers Placed in Parallel.

Control of hyperphosphatemia is a major goal in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, removal of retained inorganic phosphorus during hemodialysis remains a major problem. We compared clearances and total phosphate removal in large patients treated with two F-80 dialyzers (Fresenius Medical Care of North America, Lexington, MA, U.S.A.) placed in parallel, and small patients dialyzed with a single F-80 dialyzer (SD). Clearances were obtained using total dialysate collections. Eight dialysate collections (5 patients) using double parallel dialyzers (DD group) were compared with 5 dialysate collections (4 patients) using single dialyzers (SD group). Blood and dialysate flow rates and time of dialysis treatment were identical between the groups. The DD group's Kt/V urea was 1.46 ± 0.13; SD group's Kt/V urea was 1.35 ± 0.09 (p = 0.2). Absolute phosphorus removal was 1594 ± 300 mg for the DD group, compared to 1108 ± 285 mg in the SD group (p = 0.03). Urea clearance in the DD group was 285 ± 25 mL/minute and 251 ± 27 mL/ min in the SD group (p = 0.082). Phosphorus clearance was 178 ± 32 mL/min in the DD group and 149 ± 38 mL/min in the SD group (p = 0.039). There was no correlation between phosphorus clearance and dialyzer reuse. The bulk of phosphorus removal was achieved during the first 2 hours of hemodialysis. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that there are at least two pools of body phosphorus. Using hemodialyzers placed in parallel led to higher phosphate clearance and total phosphorus removal. This higher phosphate removal may be related in part to increasing the concentration gradient for transfer out of a second compartment.
Trait Affection Predicts Married Couples’ Use of Relational Maintenance Behaviors

The present study analyzed the role that trait affectionate communication, an individual-level trait, plays in dyads’ enactment of relational maintenance behaviors. We hypothesized that trait affection positively predicts both husbands and wives’ enactment of relational maintenance behaviors. In addition, we hypothesized that the relative contribution of wives’ trait affection to relational maintenance would be stronger than that of husbands. One hundred and forty-three married heterosexual couples completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model. Results revealed significant actor effects in 9 out of 10 cases. Results also revealed four partner effects. Husbands and wives’ trait affection mutually influenced their enactment of assurances, and husbands’ trait affection positively predicted wives’ enactment of positivity and network sharing. Results are discussed in terms of relational maintenance research and theories of affectionate interaction.
Remotely inferring device manipulation of industrial control systems via network behavior

This paper presents preliminary findings on a novel method to remotely fingerprint a network of Cyber Physical Systems and demonstrates the ability to remotely infer the functionality of an Industrial Control System device. A monitoring node measures the target device's response to network requests and statistically analyzes the collected data to build and classify a profile of the device's functionality via machine learning. As ICSs are used to control critical infrastructure processes such as power generation and distribution, it is vital to develop methods to detect tampering. A system employing our measurement technique could discover if an insider has made unauthorized changes to a device's logic. Our architecture also has advantages because the monitoring node is separate from the measured device. Our results indicate the ability to accurately infer (i.e., using a tunable threshold value) discrete ranges of task cycle periods (i.e., CPU loads) that could correspond to different functions.
The Discursive Construction of “Normal”: A Critical Examination of ABeka Curricula

This study is a critical examination of dominant beliefs in textbooks that impact students through constructed transmissions of the so-called normal American identity. A Beka textbooks are examined for findings that illustrate the dissemination of neutral language that is, in reality, charged with dominant ideologies that marginalize those living outside the parameters of the texts. The underlying themes point to the legitimization of the interests of the fundamentalist group as the authority of socio-cultural values and the consensual subordination of other groups. Informed by Freirean philosophy and praxis, the study is framed through a critical lens through which the underlying relationship between power and discourse is examined. As a means of bringing awareness of the inequity in textbooks, the use of dialogue and critique is discussed as a tool for interrupting the power of the dominant and as a trajectory for self-reflection and empowerment.
Application of Elastography for the Noninvasive Assessment of Biomechanics in Engineered Biomaterials and Tissues

The elastic properties of engineered biomaterials and tissues impact their post-implantation repair potential and structural integrity, and are critical to help regulate cell fate and gene expression. The measurement of properties (e.g., stiffness or shear modulus) can be attained using elastography, which exploits noninvasive imaging modalities to provide functional information of a material indicative of the regeneration state. In this review, we outline the current leading elastography methodologies available to characterize the properties of biomaterials and tissues suitable for repair and mechanobiology research. We describe methods utilizing magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and optical coherent elastography, highlighting their potential for longitudinal monitoring of implanted materials in vivo, in addition to spatiotemporal limits of each method for probing changes in cell-laden constructs. Micro-elastography methods now allow acquisitions at length scales approaching 5-100 μm in two and three dimensions. Many of the methods introduced in this review are therefore capable of longitudinal monitoring in biomaterials and tissues approaching the cellular scale. However, critical factors such as anisotropy, heterogeneity and viscoelasity-inherent in many soft tissues-are often not fully described and therefore require further advancements and future developments.
Familial focal epithelial hyperplasia. Report of a case.

Abstract The occurrence of four cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia in a family of Warm Springs Indians has been described. No etiologic factor for these lesions could be ascertained.
Spectroscopic Study of Photosensitized Oxidation of Polyisoprene

Abstract The microstructural changes which occur in cis- and trans-1,4-polyisoprenes and in squalene during photosensitized oxidation were investigated with the aid of infrared and proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. The singlet oxygenation of these isoprenic compounds resulted in allylic hydroperoxides with shifted double bonds, according to the expected “ene”-type process. In contrast to trans-1,4-polyisoprene and squalene, which displayed the three possible double bond shifts, cis-1,4-polyisoprene showed essentially two of the shifts (to di- and trisubstituted double bonds) and very little of the third (to exomethylene groups). A suitable measure of the extent of hydroperoxidation was afforded by the absorbance ratio, A3400/A1440≡A′. Similar correlations of A′ with oxygen uptake were obtained for the three isoprenic compounds, using chlorophyll or methylene blue as sensitizer. The use of rose bengal gave erratic results indicative of some autoxidation accompanying the hydroperoxide formation. The si...
Further Studies of Field Parasitism of the Face Fly by the Nematode Heterotylenchus autumnalis in Central Missouri, with Notes on the Gonadotrophic Cycles of the Face Fly

Parasitism of Musca autumnalis De Geer by the nematode Heterotylenchus autumnalis Nickle was investigated at 2 farms in central Missouri during 1970. Mean seasonal parasitism at the 2 farms averaged 33.5 and 26.2%, whereas face fly populations averaged 7.4 and 8.7/head of cattle, respectively. Five methods of sampling face flies to measure parasitism by the nematode were evaluated. Parasitism was significantly higher in flies collected from the surface of manure pats than those collected from either the sides of a truck or the faces of the cattle. Most unparasitized flies (94.2%) had undergone only 2 gonadotrophic cycles. Also, a majority of the unparasitized flies collectcd from the manure pats (61.3%) contained mature eggs, whereas only 17.1% of those collected from the truck and the faces of the cattle had mature eggs.
Requirement for sugar in a chemically defined diet for larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Growth of Aedes aegypti L. larvae was compared on 2 kinds of casein-based dietary media and on fully defined media in which a mixture of 20 amino acids took the place of casein. Best performances in terms of development to adults and speed of larval growth to pupation were consistently obtained with the fully defined diet. The casein-based diets gave inconsistent results. With insoluble, vitamin-free casein this was in part due to differences in particle size, presumably resulting from slight uncontrolled differences in diet preparation from experiment to experiment; in extreme cases where no growth occurred, the casein particles were observably too big for 1st-instar larvae to ingest. Though not required for development to the adult stage, glucose markedly increased the rate of larval development to pupation. This is the first time Ae. aegypti has been successfully reared on a completely defined diet, with a mixture of nucleotides replacing the crude RNA used in previous investigations.
Control of PbSe Nanorod Aspect Ratio by Limiting Phosphine Hydrolysis

The aspect ratio and yield of PbSe nanorods synthesized by the reaction of Pb-oleate with tris(diethylamino)phosphine selenide are highly sensitive to the presence of water, making it critical to control the amount of water present in the reaction. By carefully drying the reaction precursors and then intentionally adding water back into the reaction, the nanorod aspect ratio can be controlled from 1.1 to 10 and the yield from 1 to 14% by varying the water concentration from 0 to 204 mM. 31P{1H} and 1H NMR show that water reacts with tris(diethylamino)phosphine to create bis(diethylamido)phosphorous acid. It was determined that bis(diethylamido)phosphorous acid is responsible for the observed aspect ratio and yield changes. Finally, it was found that excess oleic acid in the reaction can also react with tris(diethylamino)phosphine to create bis(diethylamido)phosphorous acid, and upon the removal of both excess oleic acid and water, highly uniform, nonbranching nanorods were formed.
Newest additions to Altera's integrated transceiver portfolio

■ Stratix IV GT FPGA = Highest Bandwidth - 11.3Gbps 48 transceivers - 1∼1.6Gbps 900 user IO - 1,300 RAM blocks ■ Arria II GX FPGA = Low-Cost Transceiver FPGA with High-End Capabilities - ½ Watt and $15.00 - 3.75Gbps 16 transceiver - 800MHz 600 user IO - 950 RAM blocks
Direct CP violation in K-->3π decay

In light of the fact that the presence of the ${Z}^{0}$ penguin diagram suppresses strongly $\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$ in ${K}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay for large values of ${m}_{t}$, we reanalyze the direct decay-amplitude $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in ${K}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ decays in the Kobayashi-Maskawa model. The effects due to electroweak penguins, isospin breaking, and higher-order weak chiral Lagrangians are studied in the large-${N}_{c}$ approach. We find that the Li-Wolfenstein relation between ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{3\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is modified dramatically: the former receives very large contributions from the higher-derivative chiral terms and sizable contributions from the isospin-breaking correction due to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mixing and $\ensuremath{\eta}$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\pi}$ transitions. When the top quark becomes very heavy, effects of the electroweak penguin terms are enhanced. Unlike $\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$, which decreases as ${m}_{t}$ increases, the $\mathrm{CP}$-violating parameter $\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{3\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$ is of order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and increases with the heavy top-quark mass.
Rescue, Amplification, Purification, and PEGylation of Replication Defective First-Generation Adenoviral Vectors

Adenoviral gene therapy vectors have been widely studied and used. Their extremely high transduction efficiency and gene delivery in vivo make them attractive for cancer gene therapy approaches. While they are robust, they are also very immunogenic. One approach to mitigate the immunogenicity of adenoviruses and to evade neutralizing antibodies is to coat the virus with the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) (1). This chapter details the steps involved when going from recombinant adenoviral vector plasmid all the way to validated PEGylated adenovirus product.
Sural and Radial Sensory Responses in Patients with Sensory Polyneuropathy.

Introduction The sural/radial nerve amplitude ratio (SRAR) is the quotient of the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes (Amp) of the sural and the superficial radial nerve. It has been hypothesized that this ratio can be used for the detection of early axonal loss, because the sural SNAP amplitude will decrease first, thereby also decreasing the SRAR value. Objectives To determine the sensitivity and specificity of SRAR, age-adjusted sural and radial SNAP Amp in the diagnosis of axonal sensory polyneuropathy in cancer patients. Design Retrospective review. Setting Comprehensive cancer center. Patients One hundred and ninety one EMG reports from January 2001 to December 2005. Methods The independent variable is the diagnosis of axonal sensory polyneuropathy in the EMG reports that is based on multiple tests. Main outcome measurements We assessed the agreement between classifications of axonal sensory polyneuropathy made using the current 'gold standard' and the proposed method that is based on patients' age-adjusted radial and sural SNAP amplitude; an SRAR being above or below the normal value (0.21). Results We found that the sensitivities for age-adjusted radial SNAP Amp, age-adjusted sural SNAP Amp, and SRAR were 33%, 64%, 56% respectively; the specificities were 85%, 70%, 77% respectively. Conclusions SRAR is neither the most sensitive, nor the most specific in the diagnosis of axonal sensory polyneuropathy.
Metacognition in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Methods of Assessment and Associations with Psychosocial Function, Neurocognition, Symptoms, and Cognitive Style

Deficits in metacognitive capacity in patients with schizophrenia can be conceptualized as existing along a spectrum from more discrete to more synthetic activities. In this chapter, we will first focus on research using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale – Abbreviated (MAS-A) to measure synthetic forms of metacognition. We will describe the instrument itself and its psychometrics. We will then summarize research findings suggesting that many people with schizophrenia experience unique deficits in synthetic forms of metacognition and that independent of symptoms and neurocognition, deficits in synthetic metacognition are related to psychosocial function and a range of related phenomenon including reasoning style, learning potential, and insight. Implications for conceptualizing health and wellness in schizophrenia as intimately tied with metacognitive processes are discussed.
Taylor Approximations of Operator Functions

This survey on approximations of perturbed operator functions addresses recent advances and some of the successful methods.
Nuclear levels inTm170

Levels in $^{170}\mathrm{Tm}$ have been observed up to an excitation energy of 1900 keV using the $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$($t$,$\ensuremath{\alpha}$)$^{170}\mathrm{Tm}$ reaction. Many of the observed levels can be assigned as the successive coupling of the $\frac{1}{{2}^{+}}[411\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$, $\frac{7}{{2}^{+}}[404\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$, $\frac{5}{{2}^{+}}[402\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$, $\frac{3}{{2}^{+}}[411\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$, $\frac{7}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}[523\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$, and $\frac{5}{{2}^{+}}[413\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$ protons to the $\frac{1}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}[521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]$ neutron. The following levels (denoted by bandhead energy in keV or energy of lowest spin member observed, spins assigned, ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, and Nilsson configuration) have been assigned: 644, $I=4$, ${4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[404\ensuremath{\downarrow} + 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; 716, $I=2$, ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[402\ensuremath{\uparrow} - 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; $I=2$ level at 744, $I=2 \mathrm{and} 3$, ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[411\ensuremath{\uparrow} - 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; 774, $I=3$, ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[404\ensuremath{\downarrow} - 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; $I=5$ level at 829, $I=5 \mathrm{and} 6$, ${4}^{+}$[523\ensuremath{\uparrow} + 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; 851, $I=2 \mathrm{and} 3$, ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[411\ensuremath{\uparrow} + 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; 867, $I=3$, ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[402\ensuremath{\uparrow} + 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; $I=5$ level at 891, $I=5 \mathrm{and} 6$, ${3}^{+}$[523\ensuremath{\uparrow} - 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; 1213, $I=3 \mathrm{and} 4$, ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[413\ensuremath{\downarrow} + 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]; 1382, $I=2 \mathrm{to} 4$, ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[413\ensuremath{\downarrow} - 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}]. In addition, higher spin members of the [411\ensuremath{\downarrow} \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 521\ensuremath{\downarrow}] ground state configuration and the ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-vibrational band built on the ground state have been proposed. Coriolis coupling calculations were performed, and anomalous experimental ($t$,$\ensuremath{\alpha}$) intensities were interpreted in terms of this interaction. Anomalous population of the previously known [411\ensuremath{\downarrow} \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 512\ensuremath{\uparrow}] neutron excited state configuration has been observed and interpreted in terms of the residual neutron-proton interaction.
Mothers Who Are Disabled

The difficulty is neither in being [disabled] nor in being a mother. It is in the attitudes of others, the invisible barriers which can separate me from other mothers and my children from their children. (Kendrick, 1983, p. 18)
Community health workers improving diabetes outcomes in a rural Appalachian population

Community health workers (CHWs) play a key role in the emerging health infrastructure. They are successful in identifying individual or family needs and matching resources to help overcome the social determinants of health, and the lack of trust in the health care system. This study captures the CHW experience as research assistants and evaluates the effectiveness of CHWs' health coaching and support in improving diabetes health outcomes. By being immersed in the culture and values of the population, CHWs offer research support to assure more representative client samples, increased adherence to study protocols, and in reducing attrition rates.
Brane cosmology in an arbitrary number of dimensions

We derive the effective cosmological equations for a non-${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetric codimension one brane embedded in an arbitrary $D$-dimensional bulk spacetime, generalizing the $D=5$, 6 cases much studied previously. As a particular case, this may be considered as a regularized codimension $(D\ensuremath{-}4)$ brane avoiding the problem of curvature divergence on the brane. We apply our results to the case of spherical symmetry around the brane and to partly compactified AdS-Schwarzschild bulks.
Cyber Threat Analysis Framework for the Wind Energy Based Power System

Wind energy is one of the major sources of renewable energy. Countries around the world are increasingly deploying large wind farms that can generate a significant amount of clean energy. A wind farm consists of many turbines, often spread across a large geographical area. Modern wind turbines are equipped with meteorological sensors. The wind farm control center monitors the turbine sensors and adjusts the power generation parameters for optimal power production. The turbine sensors are prone to cyberattacks and with the evolving of large wind farms and their share in the power generation, it is crucial to analyze such potential cyber threats. In this paper, we present a formal framework to verify the impact of false data injection attack on the wind farm meteorological sensor measurements. The framework designs this verification as a maximization problem where the adversary's goal is to maximize the wind farm power production loss with its limited attack capability. Moreover, the adversary wants to remain stealthy to the wind farm bad data detection mechanism while it is launching its cyberattack on the turbine sensors. We evaluate the proposed framework for its threat analysis capability as well as its scalability by executing experiments on synthetic test cases.
Subclinical and clinical chorioamnionitis, fetal vasculitis, and risk for preterm birth: A cohort study.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between subclinical and clinical chorioamnionitis and risk of preterm birth (PTB). Methods Demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted from medical records and placental examinations performed (N = 1371 pregnancies including spontaneous and medically-indicated PTBs). Pregnancies were classified as having clinical chorioamnionitis (with or without histologic chorioamnionitis), subclinical chorioamnionitis (histologic, but not clinical, chorioamnionitis), or no chorioamnionitis; pregnancies with histologic chorioamnionitis were further evaluated for fetal vasculitis. Relative risks for PTB, early and late PTB, and PTB ± premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were adjusted for maternal characteristics. Results Clinical (4.3%) and subclinical (24.5%) chorioamnionitis were not associated with PTB overall. In pregnancies without clinical or subclinical chorioamnionitis, the risk of PTB with PROM and early PTB was 2.2% and 8.6%, respectively. In comparison, clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with an increased risk of PTB with PROM (aRR: 3.42 (95%CI: 1.07, 10.98), whereas subclinical chorioamnionitis was associated with increased risk of PTB with PROM (aRR: 3.92 (95% CI: 2.15, 7.12)) and early PTB (aRR: 1.77 (95% CI: 1.18, 2.64)). Histologic chorioamnionitis with fetal vasculitis was associated with increased risk of PTB with PROM (aRR: 7.44 (95% CI: 3.68, 15.05)) and early PTB (aRR: 2.94 (95% CI: 1.78, 4.87)), whereas histologic chorioamnionitis without fetal vasculitis was associated with increased risk of PTB with PROM only (aRR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.27, 5.50). Conclusions Subclinical chorioamnionitis and histologic chorioamnionitis with fetal vasculitis were associated with early PTB and PTB with PROM but not with PTB overall, likely due to inclusion of indicated PTBs.
Mapping Mammy 2.0: Insecure and the Middle-Class Black Woman's Burden

This article engages in an oppositional reading of the current HBO series Insecure to determine whether the emergence of Black women as creators and executive producers of dominant, cultural produc...
Microbial specialization by prions.

Microbial prions facilitate a variety of phenotypic switches. Recently-developed tools that can directly interrogate, in the living cell, the aggregation state of a protein have enabled a wider ran...
Heterozerconidae: A comparison between a temperate and a tropical species

A comparative field study was performed between a tropical species and a temperate species of Heterozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). The temperate species, Narceoheterozercon ohioensis Gerdeman and Klompen, is a long-lived mite, which shares an intricate relationship with its host millipede, Narceus annularis(Rafinesque) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidae). The phenology between these mites and their millipede host shows coinciding periods of oviposition and mating, with both producing a single generation/year. Although the adults appear to feed on the exudates of the millipedes and are rarely separated, the immatures, developing during the summer, have adapted to a free-living, predatory lifestyle within the millipede ‘nest-sites’ of fallen logs. In contrast, the relationship between a Philippine heterozerconid, Allozercon sp., and its host millipede (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae) is less constrained. In these tropical species, both the millipedes and their associated heterozerconids produce multiple generations/ year. Millipede mating is no longer a synchronous event and immatures are found throughout the year in localized accumulations of millipede frass, beneath the forest litter.
Disorders of Water Metabolism

Disorders of serum sodium are very frequently encountered particularly in hospitalized elderly patients. Most often these reflect disorders in water balance. This chapter reviews normal water regulation, and how dysregulation culminates in hyponatremic and hypernatremic states. The complications of these electrolyte disorders, particularly as they relate to neurological adaptations and sequelae, are discussed. An approach to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of these disorders is presented with emphasis on assessment of extracellular fluid volume status, interpretation of urinary osmolality and urinary sodium, and calculation of water excess and deficits. The central role of the presence or absence of vasopressin in the pathogenesis and treatment of dysnatremias permeates the entire chapter.
AUA/SUFU Adult Urodynamics Guideline: A Clinical Review

The American Urological Association/Society of Urodynamics Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction Adult Urodynamics Guideline was published with the intent of guiding the clinician in the role of urodynamics in the evaluation and management of complex lower urinary tract conditions. This article examines each guideline statement and attempts to provide clinical context for each statement. Key points are emphasized in the form of clinical case scenarios, which demonstrate application of the principles stressed in this guideline. It is hoped the reader will have a better clinical frame of reference relative to each statement in these guidelines.